2123 files changed, 397871 insertions, 80198 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 3b7680ea1e..05cb58a3d4 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 /GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /GIT-CFLAGS
 /GIT-LDFLAGS
-/GIT-GUI-VARS
+/GIT-PREFIX
+/GIT-PERL-DEFINES
+/GIT-PYTHON-VARS
+/GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
+/GIT-USER-AGENT
 /GIT-VERSION-FILE
 /bin-wrappers/
 /git
@@ -19,6 +23,8 @@
 /git-bundle
 /git-cat-file
 /git-check-attr
+/git-check-ignore
+/git-check-mailmap
 /git-check-ref-format
 /git-checkout
 /git-checkout-index
@@ -26,10 +32,12 @@
 /git-cherry-pick
 /git-clean
 /git-clone
+/git-column
 /git-commit
 /git-commit-tree
 /git-config
 /git-count-objects
+/git-credential
 /git-credential-cache
 /git-credential-cache--daemon
 /git-credential-store
@@ -66,9 +74,9 @@
 /git-index-pack
 /git-init
 /git-init-db
+/git-interpret-trailers
 /git-instaweb
 /git-log
-/git-lost-found
 /git-ls-files
 /git-ls-remote
 /git-ls-tree
@@ -92,12 +100,12 @@
 /git-name-rev
 /git-mv
 /git-notes
+/git-p4
 /git-pack-redundant
 /git-pack-objects
 /git-pack-refs
 /git-parse-remote
 /git-patch-id
-/git-peek-remote
 /git-prune
 /git-prune-packed
 /git-pull
@@ -119,9 +127,10 @@
 /git-remote-fd
 /git-remote-ext
 /git-remote-testgit
+/git-remote-testpy
+/git-remote-testsvn
 /git-repack
 /git-replace
-/git-repo-config
 /git-request-pull
 /git-rerere
 /git-reset
@@ -146,10 +155,10 @@
 /git-status
 /git-stripspace
 /git-submodule
+/git-submodule--helper
 /git-svn
 /git-symbolic-ref
 /git-tag
-/git-tar-tree
 /git-unpack-file
 /git-unpack-objects
 /git-update-index
@@ -158,39 +167,18 @@
 /git-upload-archive
 /git-upload-pack
 /git-var
+/git-verify-commit
 /git-verify-pack
 /git-verify-tag
 /git-web--browse
 /git-whatchanged
+/git-worktree
 /git-write-tree
 /git-core-*/?*
-/gitk-git/gitk-wish
 /gitweb/GITWEB-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /gitweb/gitweb.cgi
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.js
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.min.*
-/test-chmtime
-/test-credential
-/test-ctype
-/test-date
-/test-delta
-/test-dump-cache-tree
-/test-scrap-cache-tree
-/test-genrandom
-/test-index-version
-/test-line-buffer
-/test-match-trees
-/test-mktemp
-/test-obj-pool
-/test-parse-options
-/test-path-utils
-/test-run-command
-/test-sha1
-/test-sigchain
-/test-string-pool
-/test-subprocess
-/test-svn-fe
-/test-treap
 /common-cmds.h
 *.tar.gz
 *.dsc
@@ -215,11 +203,13 @@
 /config.mak.autogen
 /config.mak.append
 /configure
+/unicode
 /tags
 /TAGS
 /cscope*
 *.obj
 *.lib
+*.res
 *.sln
 *.suo
 *.ncb
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
index 19c8726232..a9162c0095 100644
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -5,65 +5,251 @@
 # same person appearing not to be so.
 #
 
+<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
+Alejandro R. Sedeño <asedeno@MIT.EDU> <asedeno@mit.edu>
 Alex Bennée <kernel-hacker@bennee.com>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <fork0@t-online.de>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <raa@limbo.localdomain>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <raa@steel.home>
+Alex Vandiver <alex@chmrr.net> <alexmv@MIT.EDU>
 Alexander Gavrilov <angavrilov@gmail.com>
+Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
+Alexey Shumkin <alex.crezoff@gmail.com> <zapped@mail.ru>
+Alexey Shumkin <alex.crezoff@gmail.com> <Alex.Crezoff@gmail.com>
+Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU> <andersk@ksplice.com>
+Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU> <andersk@mit.edu>
 Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>
-Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@rossby.metr.ou.edu>
+Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@us.ibm.com>
+Ben Walton <bdwalton@gmail.com> <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
+Benoit Sigoure <tsunanet@gmail.com> <tsuna@lrde.epita.fr>
+Bernt Hansen <bernt@norang.ca> <bernt@alumni.uwaterloo.ca>
+Brandon Casey <drafnel@gmail.com> <casey@nrlssc.navy.mil>
+brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
+Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryan.larsen@gmail.com>
+Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryanlarsen@yahoo.com>
+Cheng Renquan <crquan@gmail.com>
 Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker@cox.net>
-Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com>
-Dana L. How <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> <chrisw@osdl.org>
+Cord Seele <cowose@gmail.com> <cowose@googlemail.com>
+Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de> <chs@ckiste.goetheallee>
+Csaba Henk <csaba@gluster.com> <csaba@lowlife.hu>
+Dan Johnson <computerdruid@gmail.com>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com> <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com> Dana How
 Daniel Barkalow <barkalow@iabervon.org>
+Daniel Trstenjak <daniel.trstenjak@gmail.com> <daniel.trstenjak@online.de>
+Daniel Trstenjak <daniel.trstenjak@gmail.com> <trsten@science-computing.de>
+David Brown <git@davidb.org> <davidb@quicinc.com>
 David D. Kilzer <ddkilzer@kilzer.net>
 David KÃ¥gedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
+David Reiss <dreiss@facebook.com> <dreiss@dreiss-vmware.(none)>
 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
 Deskin Miller <deskinm@umich.edu>
 Dirk Süsserott <newsletter@dirk.my1.cc>
-Fredrik Kuivinen <freku045@student.liu.se>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> <ebb9@byu.net>
+Eric Hanchrow <eric.hanchrow@gmail.com> <offby1@blarg.net>
+Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+Eric Wong <e@80x24.org> <normalperson@yhbt.net>
+Erik Faye-Lund <kusmabite@gmail.com> <kusmabite@googlemail.com>
+Eyvind Bernhardsen <eyvind.bernhardsen@gmail.com> <eyvind-git@orakel.ntnu.no>
+Florian Achleitner <florian.achleitner.2.6.31@gmail.com> <florian.achleitner2.6.31@gmail.com>
+Franck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com> <fbuihuu@gmail.com>
+Frank Lichtenheld <frank@lichtenheld.de> <djpig@debian.org>
+Frank Lichtenheld <frank@lichtenheld.de> <flichtenheld@astaro.com>
+Fredrik Kuivinen <frekui@gmail.com> <freku045@student.liu.se>
+Frédéric Heitzmann <frederic.heitzmann@gmail.com>
+Garry Dolley <gdolley@ucla.edu> <gdolley@arpnetworks.com>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu> <price@MIT.EDU>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu> <price@ksplice.com>
+Heiko Voigt <hvoigt@hvoigt.net> <git-list@hvoigt.net>
+H. Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl> H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@smyrno.hos.anvin.org>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@google.com> Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
-İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
-Jay Soffian <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@fieldses.org>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@pig.linuxdev.us.dell.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org>
+Jakub Narębski <jnareb@gmail.com>
+James Y Knight <jknight@itasoftware.com> <foom@fuhm.net>
+# The 2 following authors are probably the same person,
+# but both emails bounce.
+Jason McMullan <jason.mcmullan@timesys.com>
+Jason McMullan <mcmullan@netapp.com>
+Jason Riedy <ejr@eecs.berkeley.edu> <ejr@EECS.Berkeley.EDU>
+Jason Riedy <ejr@eecs.berkeley.edu> <ejr@cs.berkeley.edu>
+Jay Soffian <jaysoffian@gmail.com> <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
+Jeff King <peff@peff.net> <peff@github.com>
+Jeff Muizelaar <jmuizelaar@mozilla.com> <jeff@infidigm.net>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> <axboe@suse.de>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
+Jens Lindström <jl@opera.com> Jens Lindstrom <jl@opera.com>
+Jim Meyering <jim@meyering.net> <meyering@redhat.com>
 Joachim Berdal Haga <cjhaga@fys.uio.no>
-Jon Loeliger <jdl@freescale.com>
-Jon Seymour <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
-Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
-Junio C Hamano <junio@twinsun.com>
-Karl Hasselström <kha@treskal.com>
+Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <J.Sixt@eudaptics.com>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <j.sixt@viscovery.net>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <johannes.sixt@telecom.at>
+John 'Warthog9' Hawley <warthog9@kernel.org> <warthog9@eaglescrag.net>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@jdl.com> <jdl@freescale.com>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@jdl.com> <jdl@freescale.org>
+Jon Seymour <jon.seymour@gmail.com> <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
+Jonathan del Strother <jon.delStrother@bestbefore.tv> <maillist@steelskies.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> <josh@freedesktop.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> <josht@us.ibm.com>
+Julian Phillips <julian@quantumfyre.co.uk> <jp3@quantumfyre.co.uk>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <gitster@pobox.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@hera.kernel.org>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@kernel.org>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@pobox.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@twinsun.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@cox.net>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@twinsun.com>
+Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> Karl  Hasselström
+Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> <kha@yoghurt.hemma.treskal.com>
+Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@dcon.de>
+Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
+Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> <kay.sievers@suse.de>
+Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> <kay@mam.(none)>
+Kazuki Saitoh <ksaitoh560@gmail.com> kazuki saitoh <ksaitoh560@gmail.com>
+Keith Cascio <keith@CS.UCLA.EDU> <keith@cs.ucla.edu>
 Kent Engstrom <kent@lysator.liu.se>
+Kevin Leung <kevinlsk@gmail.com>
+Kirill Smelkov <kirr@navytux.spb.ru> <kirr@landau.phys.spbu.ru>
+Kirill Smelkov <kirr@navytux.spb.ru> <kirr@mns.spb.ru>
+Knut Franke <Knut.Franke@gmx.de> <k.franke@science-computing.de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line ! de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line.de>
+Lars Noschinski <lars@public.noschinski.de> <lars.noschinski@rwth-aachen.de>
 Li Hong <leehong@pku.edu.cn>
-Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
-Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@evo.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org.(none)>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+Lukas Sandström <luksan@gmail.com> <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Marc Khouzam <marc.khouzam@ericsson.com> <marc.khouzam@gmail.com>
+Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@gmail.com>
+Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com> <mcostalba@yahoo.it>
+Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net> <mlevedahl@gmail.com>
+Mark Rada <marada@uwaterloo.ca>
+Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org> <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+Martin von Zweigbergk <martinvonz@gmail.com> <martin.von.zweigbergk@gmail.com>
+Matt Draisey <matt@draisey.ca> <mattdraisey@sympatico.ca>
+Matt Kraai <kraai@ftbfs.org> <matt.kraai@amo.abbott.com>
+Matt McCutchen <matt@mattmccutchen.net> <hashproduct@gmail.com>
+Matthias Kestenholz <matthias@spinlock.ch> <mk@spinlock.ch>
+Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@kiste.(none)>
+Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@smurf.noris.de>
 Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com>
 Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> <michaeljgruber+gmane@fastmail.fm>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@redhat.com>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@mellanox.co.il>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@dev.mellanox.co.il>
 Michael W. Olson <mwolson@gnu.org>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> <mfwitten@MIT.EDU>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> <mfwitten@mit.edu>
+Michal Rokos <michal.rokos@nextsoft.cz> <rokos@nextsoft.cz>
 Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>
-Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
+Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> <vmiklos@suse.cz>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> <namhyung@kernel.org>
+Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com> <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
 Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com>
+Nelson Elhage <nelhage@mit.edu> <nelhage@MIT.EDU>
+Nelson Elhage <nelhage@mit.edu> <nelhage@ksplice.com>
 Nguyễn Thái Ng�c Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
-<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
+Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk>
+Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nickwoolley@yahoo.co.uk>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nicolas.morey@free.fr>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nmorey@kalray.eu>
+Nicolas Sebrecht <nicolas.s.dev@gmx.fr> <ni.s@laposte.net>
+Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org> <paolo.bonzini@lu.unisi.ch>
+Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@gmail.com>
+Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@wanadoo.fr>
+Pat Notz <patnotz@gmail.com> <pknotz@sandia.gov>
+Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> <paulus@dorrigo.(none)>
+Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> <paulus@pogo.(none)>
+Peter Baumann <waste.manager@gmx.de> <Peter.B.Baumann@stud.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
+Peter Baumann <waste.manager@gmx.de> <siprbaum@stud.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
+Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@svarten.intern.softwolves.pp.se>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <pasky@suse.cz>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <xpasky@machine>
+Phil Hord <hordp@cisco.com> <phil.hord@gmail.com>
+Philip Jägenstedt <philip@foolip.org> <philip.jagenstedt@gmail.com>
+Philipp A. Hartmann <pah@qo.cx> <ph@sorgh.de>
 Philippe Bruhat <book@cpan.org>
-Ramsay Allan Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
-René Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
+Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com> <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
+Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com> <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
+René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
 Robert Fitzsimons <robfitz@273k.net>
-Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net>
-Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com>
+Robert Shearman <robertshearman@gmail.com> <rob@codeweavers.com>
+Robert Zeh <robert.a.zeh@gmail.com>
+Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com> <robin.rosenberg.lists@dewire.com>
+Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger.nijlunsing@gmail.com> <rutger@nospam.com>
+Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger.nijlunsing@gmail.com> <git@tux.tmfweb.nl>
+Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com> <rda@google.com>
+Salikh Zakirov <salikh.zakirov@gmail.com> <Salikh.Zakirov@Intel.com>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net> <sam.vilain@catalyst.net.nz>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net> sam@vilain.net
+Santi Béjar <santi@agolina.net> <sbejar@gmail.com>
 Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
+Sebastian Schuberth <sschuberth@gmail.com> <sschuberth@visageimaging.com>
+Seth Falcon <seth@userprimary.net> <sfalcon@fhcrc.org>
 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
-Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com>
+Simon Hausmann <hausmann@kde.org> <simon@lst.de>
+Simon Hausmann <hausmann@kde.org> <shausman@trolltech.com>
+Stefan Beller <stefanbeller@gmail.com> <stefanbeller@googlemail.com>
+Stefan Beller <stefanbeller@gmail.com> <sbeller@google.com>
+Stefan Naewe <stefan.naewe@gmail.com> <stefan.naewe@atlas-elektronik.com>
+Stefan Naewe <stefan.naewe@gmail.com> <stefan.naewe@googlemail.com>
+Stefan Sperling <stsp@elego.de> <stsp@stsp.name>
+Štěpán Němec <stepnem@gmail.com> <stepan.nemec@gmail.com>
+Stephen Boyd <bebarino@gmail.com> <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
+Steven Drake <sdrake@xnet.co.nz> <sdrake@ihug.co.nz>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com> <sgrimm@sgrimm-mbp.local>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com> koreth@midwinter.com
+Steven Walter <stevenrwalter@gmail.com> <swalter@lexmark.com>
+Steven Walter <stevenrwalter@gmail.com> <swalter@lpdev.prtdev.lexmark.com>
+Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <Sven.Verdoolaege@cs.kuleuven.ac.be>
+Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <skimo@liacs.nl>
+Tay Ray Chuan <rctay89@gmail.com>
+Ted Percival <ted@midg3t.net> <ted.percival@quest.com>
 Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Thomas Ackermann <th.acker@arcor.de> <th.acker66@arcor.de>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@google.com>
+Timo Hirvonen <tihirvon@gmail.com> <tihirvon@ee.oulu.fi>
+Toby Allsopp <Toby.Allsopp@navman.co.nz> <toby.allsopp@navman.co.nz>
+Tom Grennan <tmgrennan@gmail.com> <tgrennan@redback.com>
+Tommi Virtanen <tv@debian.org> <tv@eagain.net>
+Tommi Virtanen <tv@debian.org> <tv@inoi.fi>
+Tommy Thorn <tommy-git@thorn.ws> <tt1729@yahoo.com>
 Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
-Uwe Kleine-König <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
-Uwe Kleine-König <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
-Ville Skyttä <scop@xemacs.org>
+Tor Arne Vestbø <torarnv@gmail.com> <tavestbo@trolltech.com>
+Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com> Tran Ngoc Quan <vnwildman@gmail.com>
+Trent Piepho <tpiepho@gmail.com> <tpiepho@freescale.com>
+Trent Piepho <tpiepho@gmail.com> <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi> <scop@xemacs.org>
 Vitaly "_Vi" Shukela <public_vi@tut.by>
+W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us> <wking@drexel.edu>
 William Pursell <bill.pursell@gmail.com>
+YONETANI Tomokazu <y0n3t4n1@gmail.com> <qhwt+git@les.ath.cx>
+YONETANI Tomokazu <y0n3t4n1@gmail.com> <y0netan1@dragonflybsd.org>
 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+# the two anonymous contributors are different persons:
 anonymous <linux@horizon.com>
 anonymous <linux@horizon.net>
+İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2b76f9b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+language: c
+
+sudo: false
+
+cache:
+  directories:
+    - $HOME/travis-cache
+
+os:
+  - linux
+  - osx
+
+compiler:
+  - clang
+  - gcc
+
+addons:
+  apt:
+    packages:
+    - language-pack-is
+    - git-svn
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - DEVELOPER=1
+    # The Linux build installs the defined dependency versions below.
+    # The OS X build installs the latest available versions. Keep that
+    # in mind when you encounter a broken OS X build!
+    - LINUX_P4_VERSION="16.1"
+    - LINUX_GIT_LFS_VERSION="1.2.0"
+    - DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=prove
+    - GIT_PROVE_OPTS="--timer --jobs 3 --state=failed,slow,save"
+    - GIT_TEST_OPTS="--verbose --tee"
+    - GIT_TEST_CLONE_2GB=YesPlease
+    # t9810 occasionally fails on Travis CI OS X
+    # t9816 occasionally fails with "TAP out of sequence errors" on Travis CI OS X
+    - GIT_SKIP_TESTS="t9810 t9816"
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - env: Documentation
+      os: linux
+      compiler: clang
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+          - asciidoc
+          - xmlto
+      before_install:
+      before_script:
+      script: ci/test-documentation.sh
+      after_failure:
+
+before_install:
+  - >
+    case "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME:-linux}" in
+    linux)
+      mkdir --parents custom/p4
+      pushd custom/p4
+        wget --quiet http://filehost.perforce.com/perforce/r$LINUX_P4_VERSION/bin.linux26x86_64/p4d
+        wget --quiet http://filehost.perforce.com/perforce/r$LINUX_P4_VERSION/bin.linux26x86_64/p4
+        chmod u+x p4d
+        chmod u+x p4
+        export PATH="$(pwd):$PATH"
+      popd
+      mkdir --parents custom/git-lfs
+      pushd custom/git-lfs
+        wget --quiet https://github.com/github/git-lfs/releases/download/v$LINUX_GIT_LFS_VERSION/git-lfs-linux-amd64-$LINUX_GIT_LFS_VERSION.tar.gz
+        tar --extract --gunzip --file "git-lfs-linux-amd64-$LINUX_GIT_LFS_VERSION.tar.gz"
+        cp git-lfs-$LINUX_GIT_LFS_VERSION/git-lfs .
+        export PATH="$(pwd):$PATH"
+      popd
+      ;;
+    osx)
+      brew_force_set_latest_binary_hash () {
+        FORMULA=$1
+        SHA=$(brew fetch --force $FORMULA 2>&1 | grep ^SHA256: | cut -d ' ' -f 2)
+        sed -E -i.bak "s/sha256 \"[0-9a-f]{64}\"/sha256 \"$SHA\"/g" \
+          /usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-binary/$FORMULA.rb
+      }
+      brew update --quiet
+      brew tap homebrew/binary --quiet
+      brew_force_set_latest_binary_hash perforce
+      brew_force_set_latest_binary_hash perforce-server
+      # Uncomment this if you want to run perf tests:
+      # brew install gnu-time
+      brew install git-lfs perforce-server perforce gettext
+      brew link --force gettext
+      ;;
+    esac;
+    echo "$(tput setaf 6)Perforce Server Version$(tput sgr0)";
+    p4d -V | grep Rev.;
+    echo "$(tput setaf 6)Perforce Client Version$(tput sgr0)";
+    p4 -V | grep Rev.;
+    echo "$(tput setaf 6)Git-LFS Version$(tput sgr0)";
+    git-lfs version;
+    mkdir -p $HOME/travis-cache;
+    ln -s $HOME/travis-cache/.prove t/.prove;
+
+before_script: make --jobs=2
+
+script: make --quiet test
+
+after_failure:
+  - >
+    : '<-- Click here to see detailed test output!                                                        ';
+    for TEST_EXIT in t/test-results/*.exit;
+    do
+      if [ "$(cat "$TEST_EXIT")" != "0" ];
+      then
+        TEST_OUT="${TEST_EXIT%exit}out";
+        echo "------------------------------------------------------------------------";
+        echo "$(tput setaf 1)${TEST_OUT}...$(tput sgr0)";
+        echo "------------------------------------------------------------------------";
+        cat "${TEST_OUT}";
+      fi;
+    done;
+
+notifications:
+  email: false
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore
index d62aebd848..2c8b2d612e 100644
--- a/Documentation/.gitignore
+++ b/Documentation/.gitignore
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ gitman.info
 howto-index.txt
 doc.dep
 cmds-*.txt
+mergetools-*.txt
 manpage-base-url.xsl
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index 483008699f..7f4769a02c 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Like other projects, we also have some guidelines to keep to the
-code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
+code.  For Git in general, a few rough rules are:
 
  - Most importantly, we never say "It's in POSIX; we'll happily
    ignore your needs should your system not conform to it."
@@ -18,11 +18,20 @@ code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
    judgement call, the decision based more on real world
    constraints people face than what the paper standard says.
 
+ - Fixing style violations while working on a real change as a
+   preparatory clean-up step is good, but otherwise avoid useless code
+   churn for the sake of conforming to the style.
+
+   "Once it _is_ in the tree, it's not really worth the patch noise to
+   go and fix it up."
+   Cf. http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/943020
+
+Make your code readable and sensible, and don't try to be clever.
 
 As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code
 (this is a good guideline, no matter which project you are
 contributing to). It is always preferable to match the _local_
-convention. New code added to git suite is expected to match
+convention. New code added to Git suite is expected to match
 the overall style of existing code. Modifications to existing
 code is expected to match the style the surrounding code already
 uses (even if it doesn't match the overall style of existing code).
@@ -33,12 +42,42 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
 
  - We use tabs for indentation.
 
- - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines.
+ - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines,
+   like this:
+
+	case "$variable" in
+	pattern1)
+		do this
+		;;
+	pattern2)
+		do that
+		;;
+	esac
+
+ - Redirection operators should be written with space before, but no
+   space after them.  In other words, write 'echo test >"$file"'
+   instead of 'echo test> $file' or 'echo test > $file'.  Note that
+   even though it is not required by POSIX to double-quote the
+   redirection target in a variable (as shown above), our code does so
+   because some versions of bash issue a warning without the quotes.
+
+	(incorrect)
+	cat hello > world < universe
+	echo hello >$world
+
+	(correct)
+	cat hello >world <universe
+	echo hello >"$world"
 
  - We prefer $( ... ) for command substitution; unlike ``, it
    properly nests.  It should have been the way Bourne spelled
    it from day one, but unfortunately isn't.
 
+ - If you want to find out if a command is available on the user's
+   $PATH, you should use 'type <command>', instead of 'which <command>'.
+   The output of 'which' is not machine parseable and its exit code
+   is not reliable across platforms.
+
  - We use POSIX compliant parameter substitutions and avoid bashisms;
    namely:
 
@@ -64,19 +103,46 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
 
  - We do not use Process Substitution <(list) or >(list).
 
+ - Do not write control structures on a single line with semicolon.
+   "then" should be on the next line for if statements, and "do"
+   should be on the next line for "while" and "for".
+
+	(incorrect)
+	if test -f hello; then
+		do this
+	fi
+
+	(correct)
+	if test -f hello
+	then
+		do this
+	fi
+
  - We prefer "test" over "[ ... ]".
 
  - We do not write the noiseword "function" in front of shell
    functions.
 
+ - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses,
+   and no space inside the parentheses. The opening "{" should also
+   be on the same line.
+
+	(incorrect)
+	my_function(){
+		...
+
+	(correct)
+	my_function () {
+		...
+
  - As to use of grep, stick to a subset of BRE (namely, no \{m,n\},
-   [::], [==], nor [..]) for portability.
+   [::], [==], or [..]) for portability.
 
    - We do not use \{m,n\};
 
    - We do not use -E;
 
-   - We do not use ? nor + (which are \{0,1\} and \{1,\}
+   - We do not use ? or + (which are \{0,1\} and \{1,\}
      respectively in BRE) but that goes without saying as these
      are ERE elements not BRE (note that \? and \+ are not even part
      of BRE -- making them accessible from BRE is a GNU extension).
@@ -85,6 +151,19 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
    interface translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in
    po/README.
 
+ - We do not write our "test" command with "-a" and "-o" and use "&&"
+   or "||" to concatenate multiple "test" commands instead, because
+   the use of "-a/-o" is often error-prone.  E.g.
+
+     test -n "$x" -a "$a" = "$b"
+
+   is buggy and breaks when $x is "=", but
+
+     test -n "$x" && test "$a" = "$b"
+
+   does not have such a problem.
+
+
 For C programs:
 
  - We use tabs to indent, and interpret tabs as taking up to
@@ -92,11 +171,35 @@ For C programs:
 
  - We try to keep to at most 80 characters per line.
 
+ - As a Git developer we assume you have a reasonably modern compiler
+   and we recommend you to enable the DEVELOPER makefile knob to
+   ensure your patch is clear of all compiler warnings we care about,
+   by e.g. "echo DEVELOPER=1 >>config.mak".
+
+ - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile Git with,
+   including old ones. That means that you should not use C99
+   initializers, even if a lot of compilers grok it.
+
+ - Variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block.
+
+ - NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0.
+
  - When declaring pointers, the star sides with the variable
    name, i.e. "char *string", not "char* string" or
    "char * string".  This makes it easier to understand code
    like "char *string, c;".
 
+ - Use whitespace around operators and keywords, but not inside
+   parentheses and not around functions. So:
+
+        while (condition)
+		func(bar + 1);
+
+   and not:
+
+        while( condition )
+		func (bar+1);
+
  - We avoid using braces unnecessarily.  I.e.
 
 	if (bla) {
@@ -109,16 +212,116 @@ For C programs:
    of "else if" statements, it can make sense to add braces to
    single line blocks.
 
- - We try to avoid assignments inside if().
+ - We try to avoid assignments in the condition of an "if" statement.
 
  - Try to make your code understandable.  You may put comments
    in, but comments invariably tend to stale out when the code
    they were describing changes.  Often splitting a function
    into two makes the intention of the code much clearer.
 
+ - Multi-line comments include their delimiters on separate lines from
+   the text.  E.g.
+
+	/*
+	 * A very long
+	 * multi-line comment.
+	 */
+
+   Note however that a comment that explains a translatable string to
+   translators uses a convention of starting with a magic token
+   "TRANSLATORS: " immediately after the opening delimiter, even when
+   it spans multiple lines.  We do not add an asterisk at the beginning
+   of each line, either.  E.g.
+
+	/* TRANSLATORS: here is a comment that explains the string
+	   to be translated, that follows immediately after it */
+	_("Here is a translatable string explained by the above.");
+
  - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation
    at all.
 
+ - There are two schools of thought when it comes to comparison,
+   especially inside a loop. Some people prefer to have the less stable
+   value on the left hand side and the more stable value on the right hand
+   side, e.g. if you have a loop that counts variable i down to the
+   lower bound,
+
+	while (i > lower_bound) {
+		do something;
+		i--;
+	}
+
+   Other people prefer to have the textual order of values match the
+   actual order of values in their comparison, so that they can
+   mentally draw a number line from left to right and place these
+   values in order, i.e.
+
+	while (lower_bound < i) {
+		do something;
+		i--;
+	}
+
+   Both are valid, and we use both.  However, the more "stable" the
+   stable side becomes, the more we tend to prefer the former
+   (comparison with a constant, "i > 0", is an extreme example).
+   Just do not mix styles in the same part of the code and mimic
+   existing styles in the neighbourhood.
+
+ - There are two schools of thought when it comes to splitting a long
+   logical line into multiple lines.  Some people push the second and
+   subsequent lines far enough to the right with tabs and align them:
+
+        if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to ||
+		span_more_than_a_single_line_of ||
+		the_source_text) {
+                ...
+
+   while other people prefer to align the second and the subsequent
+   lines with the column immediately inside the opening parenthesis,
+   with tabs and spaces, following our "tabstop is always a multiple
+   of 8" convention:
+
+        if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to ||
+	    span_more_than_a_single_line_of ||
+	    the_source_text) {
+                ...
+
+   Both are valid, and we use both.  Again, just do not mix styles in
+   the same part of the code and mimic existing styles in the
+   neighbourhood.
+
+ - When splitting a long logical line, some people change line before
+   a binary operator, so that the result looks like a parse tree when
+   you turn your head 90-degrees counterclockwise:
+
+        if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to
+	    || span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) {
+
+   while other people prefer to leave the operator at the end of the
+   line:
+
+        if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to ||
+	    span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) {
+
+   Both are valid, but we tend to use the latter more, unless the
+   expression gets fairly complex, in which case the former tends to
+   be easier to read.  Again, just do not mix styles in the same part
+   of the code and mimic existing styles in the neighbourhood.
+
+ - When splitting a long logical line, with everything else being
+   equal, it is preferable to split after the operator at higher
+   level in the parse tree.  That is, this is more preferable:
+
+	if (a_very_long_variable * that_is_used_in +
+	    a_very_long_expression) {
+		...
+
+   than
+
+	if (a_very_long_variable *
+	    that_is_used_in + a_very_long_expression) {
+		...
+
  - Some clever tricks, like using the !! operator with arithmetic
    constructs, can be extremely confusing to others.  Avoid them,
    unless there is a compelling reason to use them.
@@ -130,20 +333,25 @@ For C programs:
 
  - When you come up with an API, document it.
 
- - The first #include in C files, except in platform specific
-   compat/ implementations, should be git-compat-util.h or another
-   header file that includes it, such as cache.h or builtin.h.
+ - The first #include in C files, except in platform specific compat/
+   implementations, must be either "git-compat-util.h", "cache.h" or
+   "builtin.h".  You do not have to include more than one of these.
+
+ - A C file must directly include the header files that declare the
+   functions and the types it uses, except for the functions and types
+   that are made available to it by including one of the header files
+   it must include by the previous rule.
 
  - If you are planning a new command, consider writing it in shell
    or perl first, so that changes in semantics can be easily
-   changed and discussed.  Many git commands started out like
+   changed and discussed.  Many Git commands started out like
    that, and a few are still scripts.
 
- - Avoid introducing a new dependency into git. This means you
+ - Avoid introducing a new dependency into Git. This means you
    usually should stay away from scripting languages not already
-   used in the git core command set (unless your command is clearly
+   used in the Git core command set (unless your command is clearly
    separate from it, such as an importer to convert random-scm-X
-   repositories to git).
+   repositories to Git).
 
  - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to
    pass them in that order.
@@ -151,19 +359,125 @@ For C programs:
  - Use Git's gettext wrappers to make the user interface
    translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README.
 
+For Perl programs:
+
+ - Most of the C guidelines above apply.
+
+ - We try to support Perl 5.8 and later ("use Perl 5.008").
+
+ - use strict and use warnings are strongly preferred.
+
+ - Don't overuse statement modifiers unless using them makes the
+   result easier to follow.
+
+	... do something ...
+	do_this() unless (condition);
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   is more readable than:
+
+	... do something ...
+	unless (condition) {
+		do_this();
+	}
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   *only* when the condition is so rare that do_this() will be almost
+   always called.
+
+ - We try to avoid assignments inside "if ()" conditions.
+
+ - Learn and use Git.pm if you need that functionality.
+
+ - For Emacs, it's useful to put the following in
+   GIT_CHECKOUT/.dir-locals.el, assuming you use cperl-mode:
+
+    ;; note the first part is useful for C editing, too
+    ((nil . ((indent-tabs-mode . t)
+                  (tab-width . 8)
+                  (fill-column . 80)))
+     (cperl-mode . ((cperl-indent-level . 8)
+                    (cperl-extra-newline-before-brace . nil)
+                    (cperl-merge-trailing-else . t))))
+
+For Python scripts:
+
+ - We follow PEP-8 (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/).
+
+ - As a minimum, we aim to be compatible with Python 2.6 and 2.7.
+
+ - Where required libraries do not restrict us to Python 2, we try to
+   also be compatible with Python 3.1 and later.
+
+ - When you must differentiate between Unicode literals and byte string
+   literals, it is OK to use the 'b' prefix.  Even though the Python
+   documentation for version 2.6 does not mention this prefix, it has
+   been supported since version 2.6.0.
+
+Error Messages
+
+ - Do not end error messages with a full stop.
+
+ - Do not capitalize ("unable to open %s", not "Unable to open %s")
+
+ - Say what the error is first ("cannot open %s", not "%s: cannot open")
+
+
+Externally Visible Names
+
+ - For configuration variable names, follow the existing convention:
+
+   . The section name indicates the affected subsystem.
+
+   . The subsection name, if any, indicates which of an unbounded set
+     of things to set the value for.
+
+   . The variable name describes the effect of tweaking this knob.
+
+   The section and variable names that consist of multiple words are
+   formed by concatenating the words without punctuations (e.g. `-`),
+   and are broken using bumpyCaps in documentation as a hint to the
+   reader.
+
+   When choosing the variable namespace, do not use variable name for
+   specifying possibly unbounded set of things, most notably anything
+   an end user can freely come up with (e.g. branch names).  Instead,
+   use subsection names or variable values, like the existing variable
+   branch.<name>.description does.
+
+
 Writing Documentation:
 
+ Most (if not all) of the documentation pages are written in the
+ AsciiDoc format in *.txt files (e.g. Documentation/git.txt), and
+ processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the
+ same directory).
+
+ The documentation liberally mixes US and UK English (en_US/UK)
+ norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate.
+ In an ideal world, it would have been better if it consistently
+ used only one and not the other, and we would have picked en_US
+ (if you wish to correct the English of some of the existing
+ documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the
+ Documentation/SubmittingPatches file).
+
  Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation.
  The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing
- conventions.  A few commented examples follow to provide reference
- when writing or modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections
- in the manual pages:
+ conventions.
+
+ A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or
+ modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections in the manual
+ pages:
 
  Placeholders are spelled in lowercase and enclosed in angle brackets:
    <file>
    --sort=<key>
    --abbrev[=<n>]
 
+ If a placeholder has multiple words, they are separated by dashes:
+   <new-branch-name>
+   --template=<template-directory>
+
  Possibility of multiple occurrences is indicated by three dots:
    <file>...
    (One or more of <file>.)
@@ -180,12 +494,12 @@ Writing Documentation:
    (Zero or more of <patch>.  Note that the dots are inside, not
    outside the brackets.)
 
- Multiple alternatives are indicated with vertical bar:
+ Multiple alternatives are indicated with vertical bars:
    [-q | --quiet]
    [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
 
  Parentheses are used for grouping:
-   [(<rev>|<range>)...]
+   [(<rev> | <range>)...]
    (Any number of either <rev> or <range>.  Parens are needed to make
    it clear that "..." pertains to both <rev> and <range>.)
 
@@ -202,3 +516,41 @@ Writing Documentation:
    valid usage.  "*" has its own pair of brackets, because it can
    (optionally) be specified only when one or more of the letters is
    also provided.
+
+  A note on notation:
+   Use 'git' (all lowercase) when talking about commands i.e. something
+   the user would type into a shell and use 'Git' (uppercase first letter)
+   when talking about the version control system and its properties.
+
+ A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or
+ modifying paragraphs or option/command explanations that contain options
+ or commands:
+
+ Literal examples (e.g. use of command-line options, command names,
+ configuration and environment variables) must be typeset in monospace (i.e.
+ wrapped with backticks):
+   `--pretty=oneline`
+   `git rev-list`
+   `remote.pushDefault`
+   `GIT_DIR`
+
+ An environment variable must be prefixed with "$" only when referring to its
+ value and not when referring to the variable itself, in this case there is
+ nothing to add except the backticks:
+   `GIT_DIR` is specified
+   `$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive`
+
+ Word phrases enclosed in `backtick characters` are rendered literally
+ and will not be further expanded. The use of `backticks` to achieve the
+ previous rule means that literal examples should not use AsciiDoc
+ escapes.
+   Correct:
+      `--pretty=oneline`
+   Incorrect:
+      `\--pretty=oneline`
+
+ If some place in the documentation needs to typeset a command usage
+ example with inline substitutions, it is fine to use +monospaced and
+ inline substituted text+ instead of `monospaced literal text`, and with
+ the former, the part that should not get substituted must be
+ quoted/escaped.
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index 116f17587e..b43d66eae6 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -1,60 +1,125 @@
-MAN1_TXT= \
-	$(filter-out $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
-		$(wildcard git-*.txt)) \
-	gitk.txt gitweb.txt git.txt
-MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt gitmodules.txt githooks.txt \
-	gitrepository-layout.txt gitweb.conf.txt
-MAN7_TXT=gitcli.txt gittutorial.txt gittutorial-2.txt \
-	gitcvs-migration.txt gitcore-tutorial.txt gitglossary.txt \
-	gitdiffcore.txt gitnamespaces.txt gitrevisions.txt gitworkflows.txt
+# Guard against environment variables
+MAN1_TXT =
+MAN5_TXT =
+MAN7_TXT =
+TECH_DOCS =
+ARTICLES =
+SP_ARTICLES =
+OBSOLETE_HTML =
+
+MAN1_TXT += $(filter-out \
+		$(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
+		$(wildcard git-*.txt))
+MAN1_TXT += git.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitk.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitremote-helpers.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitweb.txt
+
+MAN5_TXT += gitattributes.txt
+MAN5_TXT += githooks.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitignore.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitmodules.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitrepository-layout.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitweb.conf.txt
+
+MAN7_TXT += gitcli.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcore-tutorial.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt
+MAN7_TXT += giteveryday.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitrevisions.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial-2.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt
 
 MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
-MAN_XML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
-MAN_HTML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_XML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
 
-DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML)
+OBSOLETE_HTML += everyday.html
+OBSOLETE_HTML += git-remote-helpers.html
+DOC_HTML = $(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML)
 
-ARTICLES = howto-index
-ARTICLES += everyday
+ARTICLES += howto-index
 ARTICLES += git-tools
 ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009
 # with their own formatting rules.
-SP_ARTICLES = howto/revert-branch-rebase howto/using-merge-subtree user-manual
+SP_ARTICLES += user-manual
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/new-command
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-branch-rebase
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-merge-subtree
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/use-git-daemon
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/update-hook-example
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/setup-git-server-over-http
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/separating-topic-branches
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-a-faulty-merge
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebuild-from-update-hook
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebase-from-internal-branch
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/keep-canonical-history-correct
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git
 API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt)))
 SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS)
+
+TECH_DOCS += technical/http-protocol
+TECH_DOCS += technical/index-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-heuristics
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-protocol
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-capabilities
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-common
+TECH_DOCS += technical/racy-git
+TECH_DOCS += technical/send-pack-pipeline
+TECH_DOCS += technical/shallow
+TECH_DOCS += technical/signature-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/trivial-merge
+SP_ARTICLES += $(TECH_DOCS)
 SP_ARTICLES += technical/api-index
 
 DOC_HTML += $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES))
 
-DOC_MAN1=$(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
-DOC_MAN5=$(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
-DOC_MAN7=$(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
-
-prefix?=$(HOME)
-bindir?=$(prefix)/bin
-htmldir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
-pdfdir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
-mandir?=$(prefix)/share/man
-man1dir=$(mandir)/man1
-man5dir=$(mandir)/man5
-man7dir=$(mandir)/man7
-# DESTDIR=
-
-ASCIIDOC=asciidoc
+DOC_MAN1 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
+DOC_MAN5 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
+DOC_MAN7 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
+
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+bindir ?= $(prefix)/bin
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+infodir ?= $(prefix)/share/info
+pdfdir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir = $(mandir)/man1
+man5dir = $(mandir)/man5
+man7dir = $(mandir)/man7
+# DESTDIR =
+
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA =
+ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml11
+ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook
+ASCIIDOC_CONF = -f asciidoc.conf
+ASCIIDOC_COMMON = $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION)
+TXT_TO_HTML = $(ASCIIDOC_COMMON) -b $(ASCIIDOC_HTML)
+TXT_TO_XML = $(ASCIIDOC_COMMON) -b $(ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK)
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl
+XMLTO = xmlto
 XMLTO_EXTRA =
-INSTALL?=install
+INSTALL ?= install
 RM ?= rm -f
 MAN_REPO = ../../git-manpages
 HTML_REPO = ../../git-htmldocs
 
-infodir?=$(prefix)/share/info
-MAKEINFO=makeinfo
-INSTALL_INFO=install-info
-DOCBOOK2X_TEXI=docbook2x-texi
-DBLATEX=dblatex
+MAKEINFO = makeinfo
+INSTALL_INFO = install-info
+DOCBOOK2X_TEXI = docbook2x-texi
+DBLATEX = dblatex
+ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR = /etc/asciidoc/dblatex
 ifndef PERL_PATH
 	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
 endif
@@ -63,12 +128,6 @@ endif
 -include ../config.mak
 
 #
-# For asciidoc ...
-#	-7.1.2,	set ASCIIDOC7
-#	8.0-,	no extra settings are needed
-#
-
-#
 # For docbook-xsl ...
 #	-1.68.1,	no extra settings are needed?
 #	1.69.0,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
@@ -78,9 +137,6 @@ endif
 #	1.73.0-,	no extra settings are needed
 #
 
-ifndef ASCIIDOC7
-ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a asciidoc7compatible -a no-inline-literal
-endif
 ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl
@@ -91,7 +147,7 @@ else
 	ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
 	endif
 endif
-ifdef MAN_BOLD_LITERAL
+ifndef NO_MAN_BOLD_LITERAL
 XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-bold-literal.xsl
 endif
 ifdef DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP
@@ -121,14 +177,15 @@ SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
 # Shell quote;
 SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
 
-#
-# Please note that there is a minor bug in asciidoc.
-# The version after 6.0.3 _will_ include the patch found here:
-#   http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111558757202243&w=2
-#
-# Until that version is released you may have to apply the patch
-# yourself - yes, all 6 characters of it!
-#
+ifdef DEFAULT_PAGER
+DEFAULT_PAGER_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_PAGER))
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-pager=$(DEFAULT_PAGER_SQ)'
+endif
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_EDITOR
+DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_EDITOR))
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-editor=$(DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ)'
+endif
 
 QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
 QUIET_SUBDIR1  =
@@ -148,6 +205,7 @@ ifndef V
 	QUIET_DBLATEX	= @echo '   ' DBLATEX $@;
 	QUIET_XSLTPROC	= @echo '   ' XSLTPROC $@;
 	QUIET_GEN	= @echo '   ' GEN $@;
+	QUIET_LINT	= @echo '   ' LINT $@;
 	QUIET_STDERR	= 2> /dev/null
 	QUIET_SUBDIR0	= +@subdir=
 	QUIET_SUBDIR1	= ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
@@ -160,8 +218,6 @@ all: html man
 
 html: $(DOC_HTML)
 
-$(DOC_HTML) $(DOC_MAN1) $(DOC_MAN5) $(DOC_MAN7): asciidoc.conf
-
 man: man1 man5 man7
 man1: $(DOC_MAN1)
 man5: $(DOC_MAN5)
@@ -206,7 +262,11 @@ install-html: html
 #
 # Determine "include::" file references in asciidoc files.
 #
-doc.dep : $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
+docdep_prereqs = \
+	mergetools-list.made $(mergetools_txt) \
+	cmd-list.made $(cmds_txt)
+
+doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
@@ -230,19 +290,37 @@ cmd-list.made: cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(MAN1_TXT)
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	date >$@
 
+mergetools_txt = mergetools-diff.txt mergetools-merge.txt
+
+$(mergetools_txt): mergetools-list.made
+
+mergetools-list.made: ../git-mergetool--lib.sh $(wildcard ../mergetools/*)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_diff "* " || :' >mergetools-diff.txt && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_merge "* " || :' >mergetools-merge.txt && \
+	date >$@
+
 clean:
 	$(RM) *.xml *.xml+ *.html *.html+ *.1 *.5 *.7
 	$(RM) *.texi *.texi+ *.texi++ git.info gitman.info
 	$(RM) *.pdf
 	$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
-	$(RM) technical/api-*.html technical/api-index.txt
-	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) *.made
+	$(RM) technical/*.html technical/api-index.txt
+	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made
 	$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
 
-$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt
+$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
-		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) -d manpage -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+$(OBSOLETE_HTML): %.html : %.txto asciidoc.conf
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
@@ -250,26 +328,25 @@ manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
 
 %.1 %.5 %.7 : %.xml manpage-base-url.xsl
 	$(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \
-	xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
+	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
 
-%.xml : %.txt
+%.xml : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
-		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	$(TXT_TO_XML) -d manpage -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 user-manual.xml: user-manual.txt user-manual.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b docbook -d book -o $@+ $< && \
+	$(TXT_TO_XML) -d article -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 technical/api-index.txt: technical/api-index-skel.txt \
 	technical/api-index.sh $(patsubst %,%.txt,$(API_DOCS))
 	$(QUIET_GEN)cd technical && '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./api-index.sh
 
-$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index): %.html : %.txt
-	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
-		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $*.txt
+technical/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) $*.txt
 
 XSLT = docbook.xsl
 XSLTOPTS = --xinclude --stringparam html.stylesheet docbook-xsl.css
@@ -291,7 +368,7 @@ user-manual.texi: user-manual.xml
 
 user-manual.pdf: user-manual.xml
 	$(QUIET_DBLATEX)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
+	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 gitman.texi: $(MAN_XML) cat-texi.perl
@@ -312,24 +389,26 @@ $(patsubst %.txt,%.texi,$(MAN_TXT)): %.texi : %.xml
 
 howto-index.txt: howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt)
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt) >$@+ && \
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(sort $(wildcard howto/*.txt)) >$@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES)) : %.html : %.txt
-	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b xhtml11 $*.txt
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) $*.txt
 
 WEBDOC_DEST = /pub/software/scm/git/docs
 
+howto/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
 $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(wildcard howto/*.txt)): %.html : %.txt
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	sed -e '1,/^$$/d' $< | $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b xhtml11 - >$@+ && \
+	sed -e '1,/^$$/d' $< | \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) - >$@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 install-webdoc : html
 	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(WEBDOC_DEST)
 
-# You must have a clone of git-htmldocs and git-manpages repositories
-# next to the git repository itself for the following to work.
+# You must have a clone of 'git-htmldocs' and 'git-manpages' repositories
+# next to the 'git' repository itself for the following to work.
 
 quick-install: quick-install-man
 
@@ -347,4 +426,10 @@ require-htmlrepo::
 quick-install-html: require-htmlrepo
 	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
 
+print-man1:
+	@for i in $(MAN1_TXT); do echo $$i; done
+
+lint-docs::
+	$(QUIET_LINT)$(PERL_PATH) lint-gitlink.perl
+
 .PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
index ebf20e22a7..d41984df0b 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
@@ -45,9 +45,3 @@ Fixes since v1.5.2
   - git-fastimport --import-marks was broken; fixed.
 
   - A lot of documentation updates, clarifications and fixes.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.5.2-65-g996e2d6
-echo O=`git describe refs/heads/maint`
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..refs/heads/maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
index e1e24b3295..7d8fb85e1b 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
@@ -79,9 +79,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.0.1
   packfile.
 
 Also contains many documentation updates.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.6.0.1-78-g3632cfc
-echo O=$(git describe maint)
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
index 6f0bde156a..cd08d8174e 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.1.2
 * RPM binary package installed the html manpages in a wrong place.
 
 Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.
-
-
---
-git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.2-33-gc789350..
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
index 0ce6316d75..ccbad794c0 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
@@ -39,6 +39,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.1.3
   This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.3.
 
 Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.
-
---
-git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.3..
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
index adb7ccab0a..7b152a6fdc 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
@@ -278,9 +278,3 @@ release, unless otherwise noted.
 
 * "gitweb" did not mark non-ASCII characters imported from external HTML fragments
   correctly.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.6.1-rc3-74-gf66bc5f
-echo O=$(git describe master)
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..master ^maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be68524cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+Git v1.7.10.1 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Additions since v1.7.10
+-----------------------
+
+Localization message files for Danish and German have been added.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10
+-------------------
+
+ * "git add -p" is not designed to deal with unmerged paths but did
+   not exclude them and tried to apply funny patches only to fail.
+
+ * "git blame" started missing quite a few changes from the origin
+   since we stopped using the diff minimization by default in v1.7.2
+   era.
+
+ * When PATH contains an unreadable directory, alias expansion code
+   did not kick in, and failed with an error that said "git-subcmd"
+   was not found.
+
+ * "git clean -d -f" (not "-d -f -f") is supposed to protect nested
+   working trees of independent git repositories that exist in the
+   current project working tree from getting removed, but the
+   protection applied only to such working trees that are at the
+   top-level of the current project by mistake.
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name" did not tell the name that was being
+   recorded in the resulting commit to hooks, even though it does do
+   so when the end user overrode the authorship via the
+   "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" environment variable.
+
+ * When "git commit --template F" errors out because the user did not
+   touch the message, it claimed that it aborts due to "empty
+   message", which was utterly wrong.
+
+ * The regexp configured with diff.wordregex was incorrectly reused
+   across files.
+
+ * An age-old corner case bug in combine diff (only triggered with -U0
+   and the hunk at the beginning of the file needs to be shown) has
+   been fixed.
+
+ * Rename detection logic used to match two empty files as renames
+   during merge-recursive, leading to unnatural mismerges.
+
+ * The parser in "fast-import" did not diagnose ":9" style references
+   that is not followed by required SP/LF as an error.
+
+ * When "git fetch" encounters repositories with too many references,
+   the command line of "fetch-pack" that is run by a helper
+   e.g. remote-curl, may fail to hold all of them. Now such an
+   internal invocation can feed the references through the standard
+   input of "fetch-pack".
+
+ * "git fetch" that recurses into submodules on demand did not check
+   if it needs to go into submodules when non branches (most notably,
+   tags) are fetched.
+
+ * "log -p --graph" used with "--stat" had a few formatting error.
+
+ * Running "notes merge --commit" failed to perform correctly when run
+   from any directory inside $GIT_DIR/.  When "notes merge" stops with
+   conflicts, $GIT_DIR/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE is the place a user edits
+   to resolve it.
+
+ * The 'push to upstream' implementation was broken in some corner
+   cases. "git push $there" without refspec, when the current branch
+   is set to push to a remote different from $there, used to push to
+   $there using the upstream information to a remote unreleated to
+   $there.
+
+ * Giving "--continue" to a conflicted "rebase -i" session skipped a
+   commit that only results in changes to submodules.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a7e9d6fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+Git v1.7.10.2 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10.1
+---------------------
+
+ * The test scaffolding for git-daemon was flaky.
+
+ * The test scaffolding for fast-import was flaky.
+
+ * The filesystem boundary was not correctly reported when .git directory
+   discovery stopped at a mount point.
+
+ * HTTP transport that requires authentication did not work correctly when
+   multiple connections are used simultaneously.
+
+ * Minor memory leak during unpack_trees (hence "merge" and "checkout"
+   to check out another branch) has been plugged.
+
+ * In the older days, the header "Conflicts:" in "cherry-pick" and "merge"
+   was separated by a blank line from the list of paths that follow for
+   readability, but when "merge" was rewritten in C, we lost it by
+   mistake. Remove the newline from "cherry-pick" to make them match
+   again.
+
+ * The command line parser choked "git cherry-pick $name" when $name can
+   be both revision name and a pathname, even though $name can never be a
+   path in the context of the command.
+
+ * The "include.path" facility in the configuration mechanism added in
+   1.7.10 forgot to interpret "~/path" and "~user/path" as it should.
+
+ * "git config --rename-section" to rename an existing section into a
+   bogus one did not check the new name.
+
+ * The "diff --no-index" codepath used limited-length buffers, risking
+   pathnames getting truncated.  Update it to use the strbuf API.
+
+ * The report from "git fetch" said "new branch" even for a non branch
+   ref.
+
+ * The http-backend (the server side of the smart http transfer) used
+   to overwrite GIT_COMMITTER_NAME and GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL with the
+   value obtained from REMOTE_USER unconditionally, making it
+   impossible for the server side site-specific customization to use
+   different identity sources to affect the names logged. It now uses
+   REMOTE_USER only as a fallback value.
+
+ * "log --graph" was not very friendly with "--stat" option and its
+   output had line breaks at wrong places.
+
+ * Octopus merge strategy did not reduce heads that are recorded in the
+   final commit correctly.
+
+ * "git push" over smart-http lost progress output a few releases ago;
+   this release resurrects it.
+
+ * The error and advice messages given by "git push" when it fails due
+   to non-ff were not very helpful to new users; it has been broken
+   into three cases, and each is given a separate advice message.
+
+ * The insn sheet given by "rebase -i" did not make it clear that the
+   insn lines can be re-ordered to affect the order of the commits in
+   the resulting history.
+
+ * "git repack" used to write out unreachable objects as loose objects
+   when repacking, even if such loose objects will immediately pruned
+   due to its age.
+
+ * A contrib script "rerere-train" did not work out of the box unless
+   user futzed with her $PATH.
+
+ * "git rev-parse --show-prefix" used to emit nothing when run at the
+   top-level of the working tree, but now it gives a blank line.
+
+ * The i18n of error message "git stash save" was not properly done.
+
+ * "git submodule" used a sed script that some platforms mishandled.
+
+ * When using a Perl script on a system where "perl" found on user's
+   $PATH could be ancient or otherwise broken, we allow builders to
+   specify the path to a good copy of Perl with $PERL_PATH.  The
+   gitweb test forgot to use that Perl when running its test.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..703fbf1d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Git v1.7.10.3 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10.2
+---------------------
+
+ * The message file for German translation has been updated a bit.
+
+ * Running "git checkout" on an unborn branch used to corrupt HEAD.
+
+ * When checking out another commit from an already detached state, we
+   used to report all commits that are not reachable from any of the
+   refs as lossage, but some of them might be reachable from the new
+   HEAD, and there is no need to warn about them.
+
+ * Some time ago, "git clone" lost the progress output for its
+   "checkout" phase; when run without any "--quiet" option, it should
+   give progress to the lengthy operation.
+
+ * The directory path used in "git diff --no-index", when it recurses
+   down, was broken with a recent update after v1.7.10.1 release.
+
+ * "log -z --pretty=tformat:..." did not terminate each record with
+   NUL.  The fix is not entirely correct when the output also asks for
+   --patch and/or --stat, though.
+
+ * The DWIM behaviour for "log --pretty=format:%gd -g" was somewhat
+   broken and gave undue precedence to configured log.date, causing
+   "git stash list" to show "stash@{time stamp string}".
+
+ * "git status --porcelain" ignored "--branch" option by mistake.  The
+   output for "git status --branch -z" was also incorrect and did not
+   terminate the record for the current branch name with NUL as asked.
+
+ * When a submodule repository uses alternate object store mechanism,
+   some commands that were started from the superproject did not
+   notice it and failed with "No such object" errors.  The subcommands
+   of "git submodule" command that recursed into the submodule in a
+   separate process were OK; only the ones that cheated and peeked
+   directly into the submodule's repository from the primary process
+   were affected.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..326670df6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+Git v1.7.10.4 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10.3
+---------------------
+
+ * The message file for Swedish translation has been updated a bit.
+
+ * A name taken from mailmap was copied into an internal buffer
+   incorrectly and could overun the buffer if it is too long.
+
+ * A malformed commit object that has a header line chomped in the
+   middle could kill git with a NULL pointer dereference.
+
+ * An author/committer name that is a single character was mishandled
+   as an invalid name by mistake.
+
+ * The progress indicator for a large "git checkout" was sent to
+   stderr even if it is not a terminal.
+
+ * "git grep -e '$pattern'", unlike the case where the patterns are
+   read from a file, did not treat individual lines in the given
+   pattern argument as separate regular expressions as it should.
+
+ * When "git rebase" was given a bad commit to replay the history on,
+   its error message did not correctly give the command line argument
+   it had trouble parsing.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4db1770e38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Git v1.7.10.5 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10.4
+---------------------
+
+ * "git fast-export" did not give a readable error message when the
+   same mark erroneously appeared twice in the --import-marks input.
+
+ * "git rebase -p" used to pay attention to rebase.autosquash which
+    was wrong.  "git rebase -p -i" should, but "git rebase -p" by
+    itself should not.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58100bf04e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+Git v1.7.10 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Compatibility Notes
+-------------------
+
+ * From this release on, the "git merge" command in an interactive
+   session will start an editor when it automatically resolves the
+   merge for the user to explain the resulting commit, just like the
+   "git commit" command does when it wasn't given a commit message.
+
+   If you have a script that runs "git merge" and keeps its standard
+   input and output attached to the user's terminal, and if you do not
+   want the user to explain the resulting merge commits, you can
+   export GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT environment variable set to "no", like
+   this:
+
+	#!/bin/sh
+	GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT=no
+	export GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT
+
+   to disable this behavior (if you want your users to explain their
+   merge commits, you do not have to do anything).  Alternatively, you
+   can give the "--no-edit" option to individual invocations of the
+   "git merge" command if you know everybody who uses your script has
+   Git v1.7.8 or newer.
+
+ * The "--binary/-b" options to "git am" have been a no-op for quite a
+   while and were deprecated in mid 2008 (v1.6.0).  When you give these
+   options to "git am", it will now warn and ask you not to use them.
+
+ * When you do not tell which branches and tags to push to the "git
+   push" command in any way, the command used "matching refs" rule to
+   update remote branches and tags with branches and tags with the
+   same name you locally have.  In future versions of Git, this will
+   change to push out only your current branch according to either the
+   "upstream" or the "current" rule.  Although "upstream" may be more
+   powerful once the user understands Git better, the semantics
+   "current" gives is simpler and easier to understand for beginners
+   and may be a safer and better default option.  We haven't decided
+   yet which one to switch to.
+
+
+Updates since v1.7.9
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * various "gitk" updates.
+   - show the path to the top level directory in the window title
+   - update preference edit dialog
+   - display file list correctly when directories are given on command line
+   - make "git-describe" output in the log message into a clickable link
+   - avoid matching the UNIX timestamp part when searching all fields
+   - give preference to symbolic font names like sans & monospace
+   - allow comparing two commits using a mark
+   - "gitk" honors log.showroot configuration.
+
+ * Teams for localizing the messages from the Porcelain layer of
+   commands are starting to form, thanks to Jiang Xin who volunteered
+   to be the localization coordinator.  Translated messages for
+   simplified Chinese, Swedish and Portuguese are available.
+
+ * The configuration mechanism learned an "include" facility; an
+   assignment to the include.path pseudo-variable causes the named
+   file to be included in-place when Git looks up configuration
+   variables.
+
+ * A content filter (clean/smudge) used to be just a way to make the
+   recorded contents "more useful", and allowed to fail; a filter can
+   now optionally be marked as "required".
+
+ * Options whose names begin with "--no-" (e.g. the "--no-verify"
+   option of the "git commit" command) can be negated by omitting
+   "no-" from its name, e.g. "git commit --verify".
+
+ * "git am" learned to pass "-b" option to underlying "git mailinfo", so
+   that a bracketed string other than "PATCH" at the beginning can be kept.
+
+ * "git clone" learned "--single-branch" option to limit cloning to a
+   single branch (surprise!); tags that do not point into the history
+   of the branch are not fetched.
+
+ * "git clone" learned to detach the HEAD in the resulting repository
+   when the user specifies a tag with "--branch" (e.g., "--branch=v1.0").
+   Clone also learned to print the usual "detached HEAD" advice in such
+   a case, similar to "git checkout v1.0".
+
+ * When showing a patch while ignoring whitespace changes, the context
+   lines are taken from the postimage, in order to make it easier to
+   view the output.
+
+ * "git diff --stat" learned to adjust the width of the output on
+   wider terminals, and give more columns to pathnames as needed.
+
+ * "diff-highlight" filter (in contrib/) was updated to produce more
+   aesthetically pleasing output.
+
+ * "fsck" learned "--no-dangling" option to omit dangling object
+   information.
+
+ * "git log -G" and "git log -S" learned to pay attention to the "-i"
+   option.  With "-i", "log -G" ignores the case when finding patch
+   hunks that introduce or remove a string that matches the given
+   pattern.  Similarly with "-i", "log -S" ignores the case when
+   finding the commit the given block of text appears or disappears
+   from the file.
+
+ * "git merge" in an interactive session learned to spawn the editor
+   by default to let the user edit the auto-generated merge message,
+   to encourage people to explain their merges better. Legacy scripts
+   can export GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT=no to retain the historical behavior.
+   Both "git merge" and "git pull" can be given --no-edit from the
+   command line to accept the auto-generated merge message.
+
+ * The advice message given when the user didn't give enough clue on
+   what to merge to "git pull" and "git merge" has been updated to
+   be more concise and easier to understand.
+
+ * "git push" learned the "--prune" option, similar to "git fetch".
+
+ * The whole directory that houses a top-level superproject managed by
+   "git submodule" can be moved to another place.
+
+ * "git symbolic-ref" learned the "--short" option to abbreviate the
+   refname it shows unambiguously.
+
+ * "git tag --list" can be given "--points-at <object>" to limit its
+   output to those that point at the given object.
+
+ * "gitweb" allows intermediate entries in the directory hierarchy
+   that leads to a project to be clicked, which in turn shows the
+   list of projects inside that directory.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to read various pieces of information for the
+   repositories lazily, instead of reading everything that could be
+   needed (including the ones that are not necessary for a specific
+   task).
+
+ * Project search in "gitweb" shows the substring that matched in the
+   project name and description highlighted.
+
+ * HTTP transport learned to authenticate with a proxy if needed.
+
+ * A new script "diffall" is added to contrib/; it drives an
+   external tool to perform a directory diff of two Git revisions
+   in one go, unlike "difftool" that compares one file at a time.
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * Improved handling of views, labels and branches in "git-p4" (in contrib).
+
+ * "git-p4" (in contrib) suffered from unnecessary merge conflicts when
+   p4 expanded the embedded $RCS$-like keywords; it can be now told to
+   unexpand them.
+
+ * Some "git-svn" updates.
+
+ * "vcs-svn"/"svn-fe" learned to read dumps with svn-deltas and
+   support incremental imports.
+
+ * "git difftool/mergetool" learned to drive DeltaWalker.
+
+Performance
+
+ * Unnecessary calls to parse_object() "git upload-pack" makes in
+   response to "git fetch", have been eliminated, to help performance
+   in repositories with excessive number of refs.
+
+Internal Implementation (please report possible regressions)
+
+ * Recursive call chains in "git index-pack" to deal with long delta
+   chains have been flattened, to reduce the stack footprint.
+
+ * Use of add_extra_ref() API is now gone, to make it possible to
+   cleanly restructure the overall refs API.
+
+ * The command line parser of "git pack-objects" now uses parse-options
+   API.
+
+ * The test suite supports the new "test_pause" helper function.
+
+ * Parallel to the test suite, there is a beginning of performance
+   benchmarking framework.
+
+ * t/Makefile is adjusted to prevent newer versions of GNU make from
+   running tests in seemingly random order.
+
+ * The code to check if a path points at a file beyond a symbolic link
+   has been restructured to be thread-safe.
+
+ * When pruning directories that has become empty during "git prune"
+   and "git prune-packed", call closedir() that iterates over a
+   directory before rmdir() it.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.9 in the maintenance
+releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Build with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER was broken and Git::I18N did not work
+   with versions of Perl older than 5.8.3.
+   (merge 5eb660e ab/perl-i18n later to maint).
+
+ * "git tag -s" honored "gpg.program" configuration variable since
+   1.7.9, but "git tag -v" and "git verify-tag" didn't.
+   (merge a2c2506 az/verify-tag-use-gpg-config later to maint).
+
+ * "configure" script learned to take "--with-sane-tool-path" from the
+   command line to record SANE_TOOL_PATH (used to avoid broken platform
+   tools in /usr/bin) in config.mak.autogen.  This may be useful for
+   people on Solaris who have saner tools outside /usr/xpg[46]/bin.
+
+ * zsh port of bash completion script needed another workaround.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..577eccaacd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v1.7.11.1 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11
+-------------------
+
+ * The cross links in the HTML version of manual pages were broken.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0cfd02d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Git v1.7.11.2 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.1
+---------------------
+
+ * On Cygwin, the platform pread(2) is not thread safe, just like our
+   own compat/ emulation, and cannot be used in the index-pack
+   program.  Makefile variable NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD can be defined to
+   avoid use of this function in a threaded program.
+
+ * "git add" allows adding a regular file to the path where a
+   submodule used to exist, but "git update-index" does not allow an
+   equivalent operation to Porcelain writers.
+
+ * "git archive" incorrectly computed the header checksum; the symptom
+   was observed only when using pathnames with hi-bit set.
+
+ * "git blame" did not try to make sure that the abbreviated commit
+   object names in its output are unique.
+
+ * Running "git bundle verify" on a bundle that records a complete
+   history said "it requires these 0 commits".
+
+ * "git clone --single-branch" to clone a single branch did not limit
+   the cloning to the specified branch.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index" did not correctly handle relative paths and
+   did not correctly give exit codes when run under "--quiet" option.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly.
+
+ * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that
+   claimed that the tree-ish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
+
+ * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with
+   "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the
+   simplification logic to use in-core commit objects that haven't
+   been examined for relevance, either producing incorrect result or
+   taking too long to produce any output.  Teach the simplification
+   logic to ignore commits that the first-parent traversal logic
+   ignored when both are in effect to work around the issue.
+
+ * "git ls-files --exclude=t -i" did not consider anything under t/ as
+   excluded, as it did not pay attention to exclusion of leading paths
+   while walking the index.  Other two users of excluded() are also
+   updated.
+
+ * "git request-pull $url dev" when the tip of "dev" branch was tagged
+   with "ext4-for-linus" used the contents from the tag in the output
+   but still asked the "dev" branch to be pulled, not the tag.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64494f89d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Git v1.7.11.3 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.3
+---------------------
+
+ * The error message from "git push $there :bogo" (and its equivalent
+   "git push $there --delete bogo") mentioned that we tried and failed
+   to guess what ref is being deleted based on the LHS of the refspec,
+   which we don't.
+
+ * A handful of files and directories we create had tighter than
+   necessary permission bits when the user wanted to have group
+   writability (e.g. by setting "umask 002").
+
+ * "commit --amend" used to refuse amending a commit with an empty log
+   message, with or without "--allow-empty-message".
+
+ * "git commit --amend --only --" was meant to allow "Clever" people to
+   rewrite the commit message without making any change even when they
+   have already changes for the next commit added to their index, but
+   it never worked as advertised since it was introduced in 1.3.0 era.
+
+ * Even though the index can record pathnames longer than 1<<12 bytes,
+   in some places we were not comparing them in full, potentially
+   replacing index entries instead of adding.
+
+ * "git show"'s auto-walking behaviour was an unreliable and
+   unpredictable hack; it now behaves just like "git log" does when it
+   walks.
+
+ * "git diff", "git status" and anything that internally uses the
+   comparison machinery was utterly broken when the difference
+   involved a file with "-" as its name.  This was due to the way "git
+   diff --no-index" was incorrectly bolted on to the system, making
+   any comparison that involves a file "-" at the root level
+   incorrectly read from the standard input.
+
+ * We did not have test to make sure "git rebase" without extra options
+   filters out an empty commit in the original history.
+
+ * "git fast-export" produced an input stream for fast-import without
+   properly quoting pathnames when they contain SPs in them.
+
+ * "git checkout --detach", when you are still on an unborn branch,
+   should be forbidden, but it wasn't.
+
+ * Some implementations of Perl terminates "lines" with CRLF even when
+   the script is operating on just a sequence of bytes.  Make sure to
+   use "$PERL_PATH", the version of Perl the user told Git to use, in
+   our tests to avoid unnecessary breakages in tests.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a640c2d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Git v1.7.11.4 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.3
+---------------------
+
+ * "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG" file that is used to hold the commit log
+   message user edits was not documented.
+
+ * The advise() function did not use varargs correctly to format
+   its message.
+
+ * When "git am" failed, old timers knew to check .git/rebase-apply/patch
+   to see what went wrong, but we never told the users about it.
+
+ * "git commit-tree" learned a more natural "-p <parent> <tree>" order
+   of arguments long time ago, but recently forgot it by mistake.
+
+ * "git diff --no-ext-diff" did not output anything for a typechange
+   filepair when GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF is in effect.
+
+ * In 1.7.9 era, we taught "git rebase" about the raw timestamp format
+   but we did not teach the same trick to "filter-branch", which rolled
+   a similar logic on its own.
+
+ * When "git submodule add" clones a submodule repository, it can get
+   confused where to store the resulting submodule repository in the
+   superproject's .git/ directory when there is a symbolic link in the
+   path to the current directory.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a2ed855c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+Git v1.7.11.5 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.4
+---------------------
+
+ * The Makefile rule to create assembly output (primarily for
+   debugging purposes) did not create it next to the source.
+
+ * The code to avoid mistaken attempt to add the object directory
+   itself as its own alternate could read beyond end of a string while
+   comparison.
+
+ * On some architectures, "block-sha1" did not compile correctly
+   when compilers inferred alignment guarantees from our source we
+   did not intend to make.
+
+ * When talking to a remote running ssh on IPv6 enabled host, whose
+   address is spelled as "[HOST]:PORT", we did not parse the address
+   correctly and failed to connect.
+
+ * git-blame.el (in compat/) have been updated to use Elisp more
+   correctly.
+
+ * "git checkout <branchname>" to come back from a detached HEAD state
+   incorrectly computed reachability of the detached HEAD, resulting
+   in unnecessary warnings.
+
+ * "git mergetool" did not support --tool-help option to give the list
+   of supported backends, like "git difftool" does.
+
+ * "git grep" stopped spawning an external "grep" long time ago, but a
+   duplicated test to check internal and external "grep" was left
+   behind.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba7d3c3966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+Git v1.7.11.6 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.5
+---------------------
+
+ * "ciabot" script (in contrib/) has been updated with extensive
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git foo" errored out with "Not a directory" when the user had a
+   non-directory on $PATH, and worse yet it masked an alias "foo" from
+   running.
+
+ * When the user exports a non-default IFS without HT, scripts that
+   rely on being able to parse "ls-files -s | while read a b c..."
+   started to fail.  Protect them from such a misconfiguration.
+
+ * When the user gives an argument that can be taken as both a
+   revision name and a pathname without disambiguating with "--", we
+   used to give a help message "Use '--' to separate".  The message
+   has been clarified to show where that '--' goes on the command
+   line.
+
+ * Documentation for the configuration file format had a confusing
+   example.
+
+ * Older parts of the documentation described as if having a regular
+   file in .git/refs/ hierarchy were the only way to have branches and
+   tags, which is not true for quite some time.
+
+ * It was generally understood that "--long-option"s to many of our
+   subcommands can be abbreviated to the unique prefix, but it was not
+   easy to find it described for new readers of the documentation set.
+
+ * The "--topo-order", "--date-order" (and the lack of either means
+   the default order) options to "rev-list" and "log" family of
+   commands were poorly described in the documentation.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then
+   died when the human-readable committer name was given
+   insufficiently by getpwent(3).
+
+ * The exit status code from "git config" was way overspecified while
+   being incorrect.  The implementation has been updated to give the
+   documented status for a case that was documented, and introduce a
+   new code for "all other errors".
+
+ * The output from "git diff -B" for a file that ends with an
+   incomplete line did not put "\ No newline..." on a line of its own.
+
+ * "git diff" had a confusion between taking data from a path in the
+   working tree and taking data from an object that happens to have
+   name 0{40} recorded in a tree.
+
+ * The "--rebase" option to "git pull" can be abbreviated to "-r",
+   but we didn't document it.
+
+ * When "git push" triggered the automatic gc on the receiving end, a
+   message from "git prune" that said it was removing cruft leaked to
+   the standard output, breaking the communication protocol.
+
+ * The reflog entries left by "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" were
+   inconsistent (the interactive one gave an abbreviated object name).
+
+ * "git send-email" did not unquote encoded words that appear on the
+   header correctly, and lost "_" from strings.
+
+ * "git stash apply/pop" did not trigger "rerere" upon conflicts
+   unlike other mergy operations.
+
+ * "git submodule <cmd> path" did not error out when the path to the
+   submodule was misspelt.
+
+ * "git submodule update -f" did not update paths in the working tree
+   that has local changes.
+   (merge 01d4721 sz/submodule-force-update later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" when used with PATH_INFO failed to notice directories with
+   SP (and other characters that need URL-style quoting) in them.
+
+ * Fallback 'getpass' implementation made unportable use of stdio API.
+
+ * A utility shell function test_seq has been added as a replacement
+   for the 'seq' utility found on some platforms.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7e79d999b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Git v1.7.11.7 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.6
+---------------------
+
+ * The synopsis said "checkout [-B branch]" to make it clear the
+   branch name is a parameter to the option, but the heading for the
+   option description was "-B::", not "-B branch::", making the
+   documentation misleading.
+
+ * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with
+   buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their
+   platform regexp.  A new test has been added to check this.
+
+ * "git apply -p0" did not parse pathnames on "diff --git" line
+   correctly.  This caused patches that had pathnames in no other
+   places to be mistakenly rejected (most notably, binary patch that
+   does not rename nor change mode).  Textual patches, renames or mode
+   changes have preimage and postimage pathnames in different places
+   in a form that can be parsed unambiguously and did not suffer from
+   this problem.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" did not update what is shown as the
+   contents of it, when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" did not currectly support more than one --sort
+   option.
+
+ * "git log .." errored out saying it is both rev range and a path
+   when there is no disambiguating "--" is on the command line.
+   Update the command line parser to interpret ".." as a path in such
+   a case.
+
+ * Pushing to smart HTTP server with recent Git fails without having
+   the username in the URL to force authentication, if the server is
+   configured to allow GET anonymously, while requiring authentication
+   for POST.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on "committer" line.
+   (merge e27ddb6 jc/maint-ident-missing-human-name later to maint).
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15b954ca4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+Git v1.7.11 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Updates since v1.7.10
+---------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A new mode for push, "simple", which is a cross between "current"
+   and "upstream", has been introduced. "git push" without any refspec
+   will push the current branch out to the same name at the remote
+   repository only when it is set to track the branch with the same
+   name over there.  The plan is to make this mode the new default
+   value when push.default is not configured.
+
+ * A couple of commands learned the "--column" option to produce
+   columnar output.
+
+ * A third-party tool "git subtree" is distributed in contrib/
+
+ * A remote helper that acts as a proxy and caches ssl session for the
+   https:// transport is added to the contrib/ area.
+
+ * Error messages given when @{u} is used for a branch without its
+   upstream configured have been clarified.
+
+ * Even with the "-q"uiet option, "checkout" used to report setting up
+   tracking.  Also "branch" learned the "-q"uiet option to squelch
+   informational message.
+
+ * Your build platform may support hardlinks but you may prefer not to
+   use them, e.g. when installing to DESTDIR to make a tarball and
+   untarring on a filesystem that has poor support for hardlinks.
+   There is a Makefile option NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS for you.
+
+ * The smart-http backend used to always override GIT_COMMITTER_*
+   variables with REMOTE_USER and REMOTE_ADDR, but these variables are
+   now preserved when set.
+
+ * "git am" learned the "--include" option, which is an opposite of
+   existing the "--exclude" option.
+
+ * When "git am -3" needs to fall back to an application of the patch
+   to a synthesized preimage followed by a 3-way merge, the paths that
+   needed such treatment are now reported to the end user, so that the
+   result in them can be eyeballed with extra care.
+
+ * The output from "diff/log --stat" used to always allocate 4 columns
+   to show the number of modified lines, but not anymore.
+
+ * "git difftool" learned the "--dir-diff" option to spawn external
+   diff tools that can compare two directory hierarchies at a time
+   after populating two temporary directories, instead of running an
+   instance of the external tool once per a file pair.
+
+ * The "fmt-merge-msg" command learned to list the primary contributors
+   involved in the side topic you are merging in a comment in the merge
+   commit template.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned to optionally keep commits that do not
+   introduce any change in the original history.
+
+ * "git push --recurse-submodules" learned to optionally look into the
+   histories of submodules bound to the superproject and push them
+   out.
+
+ * A 'snapshot' request to "gitweb" honors If-Modified-Since: header,
+   based on the commit date.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to highlight the patch it outputs even more.
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git svn" used to die with unwanted SIGPIPE when talking with an HTTP
+   server that uses keep-alive.
+
+ * "git svn" learned to use platform specific authentication
+   providers, e.g. gnome-keyring, kwallet, etc.
+
+ * "git p4" has been moved out of the contrib/ area and has seen more
+   work on importing labels as tags from (and exporting tags as labels
+   to) p4.
+
+Performance and Internal Implementation (please report possible regressions)
+
+ * Bash completion script (in contrib/) have been cleaned up to make
+   future work on it simpler.
+
+ * An experimental "version 4" format of the index file has been
+   introduced to reduce on-disk footprint and I/O overhead.
+
+ * "git archive" learned to produce its output without reading the
+   blob object it writes out in memory in its entirety.
+
+ * "git index-pack" that runs when fetching or pushing objects to
+   complete the packfile on the receiving end learned to use multiple
+   threads to do its job when available.
+
+ * The code to compute hash values for lines used by the internal diff
+   engine was optimized on little-endian machines, using the same
+   trick the kernel folks came up with.
+
+ * "git apply" had some memory leaks plugged.
+
+ * Setting up a revision traversal with many starting points was
+   inefficient as these were placed in a date-order priority queue
+   one-by-one.  Now they are collected in the queue unordered first,
+   and sorted immediately before getting used.
+
+ * More lower-level commands learned to use the streaming API to read
+   from the object store without keeping everything in core.
+
+ * The weighting parameters to suggestion command name typo have been
+   tweaked, so that "git tags" will suggest "tag?" and not "stage?".
+
+ * Because "sh" on the user's PATH may be utterly broken on some
+   systems, run-command API now uses SHELL_PATH, not /bin/sh, when
+   spawning an external command (not applicable to Windows port).
+
+ * The API to iterate over the refs/ hierarchy has been tweaked to
+   allow walking only a subset of it more efficiently.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10
+-------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.10 in the maintenance
+releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * "git submodule init" used to report "registered for path ..."
+   even for submodules that were registered earlier.
+   (cherry-pick c1c259e jl/submodule-report-new-path-once later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --stat" used to fully count a binary file with modified
+   execution bits whose contents is unmodified, which was not quite
+   right.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8f04af19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+Git 1.7.12.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12
+-------------------
+
+ * "git apply -p0" did not parse pathnames on "diff --git" line
+   correctly.  This caused patches that had pathnames in no other
+   places to be mistakenly rejected (most notably, binary patch that
+   does not rename nor change mode).  Textual patches, renames or mode
+   changes have preimage and postimage pathnames in different places
+   in a form that can be parsed unambiguously and did not suffer from
+   this problem.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick A C B" used to replay changes in A and then B and
+   then C if these three commits had committer timestamps in that
+   order, which is not what the user who said "A C B" naturally
+   expects.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then
+   died when the human-readable committer name was given
+   insufficiently by getpwent(3).
+
+ * Some capabilities were asked by fetch-pack even when upload-pack
+   did not advertise that they are available.  fetch-pack has been
+   fixed not to do so.
+
+ * "git diff" had a confusion between taking data from a path in the
+   working tree and taking data from an object that happens to have
+   name 0{40} recorded in a tree.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" did not correctly support more than one --sort
+   option.
+
+ * "git log .." errored out saying it is both rev range and a path
+   when there is no disambiguating "--" is on the command line.
+   Update the command line parser to interpret ".." as a path in such
+   a case.
+
+ * The "--topo-order", "--date-order" (and the lack of either means
+   the default order) options to "rev-list" and "log" family of
+   commands were poorly described in the documentation.
+
+ * "git prune" without "-v" used to warn about leftover temporary
+   files (which is an indication of an earlier aborted operation).
+
+ * Pushing to smart HTTP server with recent Git fails without having
+   the username in the URL to force authentication, if the server is
+   configured to allow GET anonymously, while requiring authentication
+   for POST.
+
+ * The reflog entries left by "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" were
+   inconsistent (the interactive one gave an abbreviated object name).
+
+ * When "git push" triggered the automatic gc on the receiving end, a
+   message from "git prune" that said it was removing cruft leaked to
+   the standard output, breaking the communication protocol.
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on "committer" line.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not unquote encoded words that appear on the
+   header correctly, and lost "_" from strings.
+
+ * The interactive prompt "git send-email" gives was error prone. It
+   asked "What e-mail address do you want to use?" with the address it
+   guessed (correctly) the user would want to use in its prompt,
+   tempting the user to say "y". But the response was taken as "No,
+   please use 'y' as the e-mail address instead", which is most
+   certainly not what the user meant.
+
+ * "gitweb" when used with PATH_INFO failed to notice directories with
+   SP (and other characters that need URL-style quoting) in them.
+
+ * When the user gives an argument that can be taken as both a
+   revision name and a pathname without disambiguating with "--", we
+   used to give a help message "Use '--' to separate".  The message
+   has been clarified to show where that '--' goes on the command
+   line.
+
+ * When the user exports a non-default IFS without HT, scripts that
+   rely on being able to parse "ls-files -s | while read a b c..."
+   started to fail.  Protect them from such a misconfiguration.
+
+ * The attribute system may be asked for a path that itself or its
+   leading directories no longer exists in the working tree, and it is
+   fine if we cannot open .gitattribute file in such a case.  Failure
+   to open per-directory .gitattributes with error status other than
+   ENOENT and ENOTDIR should be diagnosed, but it wasn't.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" did not update what is shown as the
+   contents of it, when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "ciabot" script (in contrib/) has been updated with extensive
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git-jump" script (in contrib/) did not work well when
+   diff.noprefix or diff.mnemonicprefix is in effect.
+
+ * Older parts of the documentation described as if having a regular
+   file in .git/refs/ hierarchy were the only way to have branches and
+   tags, which is not true for quite some time.
+
+ * A utility shell function test_seq has been added as a replacement
+   for the 'seq' utility found on some platforms.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper to learn the maximum number of file
+   descriptors we can open around sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) and
+   getrlimit(RLIMIT_NO_FILE) has been introduced for portability.
+
+ * We used curl_easy_strerror() without checking version of cURL,
+   breaking the build for versions before curl 7.12.0.
+
+ * Code to work around MacOS X UTF-8 gotcha has been cleaned up.
+
+ * Fallback 'getpass' implementation made unportable use of stdio API.
+
+ * The "--rebase" option to "git pull" can be abbreviated to "-r",
+   but we didn't document it.
+
+ * It was generally understood that "--long-option"s to many of our
+   subcommands can be abbreviated to the unique prefix, but it was not
+   easy to find it described for new readers of the documentation set.
+
+ * The synopsis said "checkout [-B branch]" to make it clear the
+   branch name is a parameter to the option, but the heading for the
+   option description was "-B::", not "-B branch::", making the
+   documentation misleading.
+
+Also contains numerous documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69255745e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Git 1.7.12.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.1
+---------------------
+
+ * When "git am" is fed an input that has multiple "Content-type: ..."
+   header, it did not grok charset= attribute correctly.
+
+ * Even during a conflicted merge, "git blame $path" always meant to
+   blame uncommitted changes to the "working tree" version; make it
+   more useful by showing cleanly merged parts as coming from the other
+   branch that is being merged.
+
+ * "git blame MAKEFILE" run in a history that has "Makefile" but not
+   "MAKEFILE" should say "No such file MAKEFILE in HEAD", but got
+   confused on a case insensitive filesystem and failed to do so.
+
+ * "git fetch --all", when passed "--no-tags", did not honor the
+   "--no-tags" option while fetching from individual remotes (the same
+   issue existed with "--tags", but combination "--all --tags" makes
+   much less sense than "--all --no-tags").
+
+ * "git log/diff/format-patch --stat" showed the "N line(s) added"
+   comment in user's locale and caused careless submitters to send
+   patches with such a line in them to projects whose project language
+   is not their language, mildly irritating others. Localization to
+   the line has been disabled for now.
+
+ * "git log --all-match --grep=A --grep=B" ought to show commits that
+   mention both A and B, but when these three options are used with
+   --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or
+   B (or both) instead.
+
+ * The subcommand to remove the definition of a remote in "git remote"
+   was named "rm" even though all other subcommands were spelled out.
+   Introduce "git remote remove" to remove confusion, and keep "rm" as
+   a backward compatible synonym.
+
+Also contains a handful of documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ecda427a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git 1.7.12.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.2
+---------------------
+
+ * "git am" mishandled a patch attached as application/octet-stream
+   (e.g. not text/*); Content-Transfer-Encoding (e.g. base64) was not
+   honored correctly.
+
+ * It was unclear in the documentation for "git blame" that it is
+   unnecessary for users to use the "--follow" option.
+
+ * A repository created with "git clone --single" had its fetch
+   refspecs set up just like a clone without "--single", leading the
+   subsequent "git fetch" to slurp all the other branches, defeating
+   the whole point of specifying "only this branch".
+
+ * "git fetch" over http had an old workaround for an unlikely server
+   misconfiguration; it turns out that this hurts debuggability of the
+   configuration in general, and has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch" over http advertised that it supports "deflate", which
+   is much less common, and did not advertise the more common "gzip" on
+   its Accept-Encoding header.
+
+ * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give
+   progress output while processing objects it received to the puser
+   when run over the smart-http protocol.
+
+ * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but
+   "git commit" didn't.
+
+Also contains a handful of documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6da3cc939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git 1.7.12.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.3
+---------------------
+
+ * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when
+   curl's multi interface was used.
+
+ * It was possible to give specific paths for "asciidoc" and other
+   tools in the documentation toolchain, but not for "xmlto".
+
+ * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed
+   output due to a typo.
+
+ * The "-Xours" (and similarly -Xtheirs) backend option to "git
+   merge -s recursive" was ignored for binary files.  Now it is
+   honored.
+
+ * The "binary" synthetic attribute made "diff" to treat the path as
+   binary, but not "merge".
+
+Also contains many documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..010d8c7de4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+Git v1.7.12 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Updates since v1.7.11
+---------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Git can be told to normalize pathnames it read from readdir(3) and
+   all arguments it got from the command line into precomposed UTF-8
+   (assuming that they come as decomposed UTF-8), in order to work
+   around issues on Mac OS.
+
+   I think there still are other places that need conversion
+   (e.g. paths that are read from stdin for some commands), but this
+   should be a good first step in the right direction.
+
+ * Per-user $HOME/.gitconfig file can optionally be stored in
+   $HOME/.config/git/config instead, which is in line with XDG.
+
+ * The value of core.attributesfile and core.excludesfile default to
+   $HOME/.config/git/attributes and $HOME/.config/git/ignore respectively
+   when these files exist.
+
+ * Logic to disambiguate abbreviated object names have been taught to
+   take advantage of object types that are expected in the context,
+   e.g. XXXXXX in the "git describe" output v1.2.3-gXXXXXX must be a
+   commit object, not a blob nor a tree.  This will help us prolong
+   the lifetime of abbreviated object names.
+
+ * "git apply" learned to wiggle the base version and perform three-way
+   merge when a patch does not exactly apply to the version you have.
+
+ * Scripted Porcelain writers now have access to the credential API via
+   the "git credential" plumbing command.
+
+ * "git help" used to always default to "man" format even on platforms
+   where "man" viewer is not widely available.
+
+ * "git clone --local $path" started its life as an experiment to
+   optionally use link/copy when cloning a repository on the disk, but
+   we didn't deprecate it after we made the option a no-op to always
+   use the optimization.  The command learned "--no-local" option to
+   turn this off, as a more explicit alternative over use of file://
+   URL.
+
+ * "git fetch" and friends used to say "remote side hung up
+   unexpectedly" when they failed to get response they expect from the
+   other side, but one common reason why they don't get expected
+   response is that the remote repository does not exist or cannot be
+   read. The error message in this case was updated to give better
+   hints to the user.
+
+ * "git help -w $cmd" can show HTML version of documentation for
+   "git-$cmd" by setting help.htmlpath to somewhere other than the
+   default location where the build procedure installs them locally;
+   the variable can even point at a http:// URL.
+
+ * "git rebase [-i] --root $tip" can now be used to rewrite all the
+   history leading to "$tip" down to the root commit.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned "-x <cmd>" to insert "exec <cmd>" after
+   each commit in the resulting history.
+
+ * "git status" gives finer classification to various states of paths
+   in conflicted state and offer advice messages in its output.
+
+ * "git submodule" learned to deal with nested submodule structure
+   where a module is contained within a module whose origin is
+   specified as a relative URL to its superproject's origin.
+
+ * A rather heavy-ish "git completion" script has been split to create
+   a separate "git prompting" script, to help lazy-autoloading of the
+   completion part while making prompting part always available.
+
+ * "gitweb" pays attention to various forms of credits that are
+   similar to "Signed-off-by:" lines in the commit objects and
+   highlights them accordingly.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "mediawiki" remote helper (in contrib/) learned to handle file
+   attachments.
+
+ * "git p4" now uses "Jobs:" and "p4 move" when appropriate.
+
+ * vcs-svn has been updated to clean-up compilation, lift 32-bit
+   limitations, etc.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. (please report possible regressions)
+
+ * Some tests showed false failures caused by a bug in ecryptofs.
+
+ * We no longer use AsciiDoc7 syntax in our documentation and favor a
+   more modern style.
+
+ * "git am --rebasing" codepath was taught to grab authorship, log
+   message and the patch text directly out of existing commits.  This
+   will help rebasing commits that have confusing "diff" output in
+   their log messages.
+
+ * "git index-pack" and "git pack-objects" use streaming API to read
+   from the object store to avoid having to hold a large blob object
+   in-core while they are doing their thing.
+
+ * Code to match paths with exclude patterns learned to avoid calling
+   fnmatch() by comparing fixed leading substring literally when
+   possible.
+
+ * "git log -n 1 -- rarely-touched-path" was spending unnecessary
+   cycles after showing the first change to find the next one, only to
+   discard it.
+
+ * "git svn" got a large-looking code reorganization at the last
+   minute before the code freeze.
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11
+-------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.11 in the maintenance
+releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * "git submodule add" was confused when the superproject did not have
+   its repository in its usual place in the working tree and GIT_DIR
+   and GIT_WORK_TREE was used to access it.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then died
+   when the human-readable committer name was given insufficiently by
+   getpwent(3).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
index cf3f455ced..7796df3fe4 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.5.3
 --------------------
 
  * The single-key mode of "git add -p" was easily fooled into thinking
-   that it was told to add everthing ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by
+   that it was told to add everything ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by
    mistake.
 
  * Setting a git command that uses custom configuration via "-c var=val"
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5343e00400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Git v1.7.6.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.6.5
+--------------------
+
+ * The code to look up attributes for paths reused entries from a wrong
+   directory when two paths in question are in adjacent directories and
+   the name of the one directory is a prefix of the other.
+
+ * When producing a "thin pack" (primarily used in bundles and smart
+   HTTP transfers) out of a fully packed repository, we unnecessarily
+   avoided sending recent objects as a delta against objects we know
+   the other side has.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8df606d452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v1.7.7.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.7.5
+--------------------
+
+ * The code to look up attributes for paths reused entries from a wrong
+   directory when two paths in question are in adjacent directories and
+   the name of the one directory is a prefix of the other.
+
+ * A wildcard that matches deeper hierarchy given to the "diff-index" command,
+   e.g. "git diff-index HEAD -- '*.txt'", incorrectly reported additions of
+   matching files even when there is no change.
+
+ * When producing a "thin pack" (primarily used in bundles and smart
+   HTTP transfers) out of a fully packed repository, we unnecessarily
+   avoided sending recent objects as a delta against objects we know
+   the other side has.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e79118d063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Git v1.7.7.7 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.7.6
+--------------------
+
+ * An error message from 'git bundle' had an unmatched single quote pair in it.
+
+ * 'git diff --histogram' option was not described.
+
+ * 'git imap-send' carried an unused dead code.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.txt
index 7655cccfaa..6eff128c80 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.txt
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.6
    logic used by "git diff" to determine the hunk header.
 
  * Invoking the low-level "git http-fetch" without "-a" option (which
-   git itself never did---normal users should not have to worry about
+   git itself never did--normal users should not have to worry about
    this) is now deprecated.
 
  * The "--decorate" option to "git log" and its family learned to
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9c66aa1b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Git v1.7.8.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.8.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Porcelain commands like "git reset" did not distinguish deletions
+   and type-changes from ordinary modification, and reported them with
+   the same 'M' moniker. They now use 'D' (for deletion) and 'T' (for
+   type-change) to match "git status -s" and "git diff --name-status".
+
+ * The configuration file parser used for sizes (e.g. bigFileThreshold)
+   did not correctly interpret 'g' suffix.
+
+ * The replacement implementation for snprintf used on platforms with
+   native snprintf that is broken did not use va_copy correctly.
+
+ * LF-to-CRLF streaming filter replaced all LF with CRLF, which might
+   be technically correct but not friendly to people who are trying
+   to recover from earlier mistakes of using CRLF in the repository
+   data in the first place. It now refrains from doing so for LF that
+   follows a CR.
+
+ * git native connection going over TCP (not over SSH) did not set
+   SO_KEEPALIVE option which failed to receive link layer errors.
+
+ * "git branch -m <current branch> HEAD" is an obvious no-op but was not
+   allowed.
+
+ * "git checkout -m" did not recreate the conflicted state in a "both
+   sides added, without any common ancestor version" conflict
+   situation.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick $commit" (not a range) created an unnecessary
+   sequencer state and interfered with valid workflow to use the
+   command during a session to cherry-pick multiple commits.
+
+ * You could make "git commit" segfault by giving the "--no-message"
+   option.
+
+ * "fast-import" did not correctly update an existing notes tree,
+   possibly corrupting the fan-out.
+
+ * "git fetch-pack" accepted unqualified refs that do not begin with
+   refs/ by mistake and compensated it by matching the refspec with
+   tail-match, which was doubly wrong. This broke fetching from a
+   repository with a funny named ref "refs/foo/refs/heads/master" and a
+   'master' branch with "git fetch-pack refs/heads/master", as the
+   command incorrectly considered the former a "match".
+
+ * "git log --follow" did not honor the rename threshold score given
+   with the -M option (e.g. "-M50%").
+
+ * "git mv" gave suboptimal error/warning messages when it overwrites
+   target files. It also did not pay attention to "-v" option.
+
+ * Authenticated "git push" over dumb HTTP were broken with a recent
+   change and failed without asking for password when username is
+   given.
+
+ * "git push" to an empty repository over HTTP were broken with a
+   recent change to the ref handling.
+
+ * "git push -v" forgot how to be verbose by mistake. It now properly
+   becomes verbose when asked to.
+
+ * When a "reword" action in "git rebase -i" failed to run "commit --amend",
+   we did not give the control back to the user to resolve the situation, and
+   instead kept the original commit log message.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a92714c14b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Git v1.7.8.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.8.2
+--------------------
+
+ * Attempt to fetch from an empty file pretending it to be a bundle did
+   not error out correctly.
+
+ * gitweb did not correctly fall back to configured $fallback_encoding
+   that is not 'latin1'.
+
+ * "git clone --depth $n" did not catch a non-number given as $n as an
+   error.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bebdbf13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git v1.7.8.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.8.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The code to look up attributes for paths reused entries from a wrong
+   directory when two paths in question are in adjacent directories and
+   the name of the one directory is a prefix of the other.
+
+ * A wildcard that matches deeper hierarchy given to the "diff-index" command,
+   e.g. "git diff-index HEAD -- '*.txt'", incorrectly reported additions of
+   matching files even when there is no change.
+
+ * When producing a "thin pack" (primarily used in bundles and smart
+   HTTP transfers) out of a fully packed repository, we unnecessarily
+   avoided sending recent objects as a delta against objects we know
+   the other side has.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not properly treat sendemail.multiedit as a
+   boolean (e.g. setting it to "false" did not turn it off).
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..011fd2a428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Git v1.7.8.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.8.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Dependency on our thread-utils.h header file was missing for
+   objects that depend on it in the Makefile.
+
+ * "git am" when fed an empty file did not correctly finish reading it
+   when it attempts to guess the input format.
+
+ * "git grep -P" (when PCRE is enabled in the build) did not match the
+   beginning and the end of the line correctly with ^ and $.
+
+ * "git rebase -m" tried to run "git notes copy" needlessly when
+   nothing was rewritten.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9bf2b741a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Git v1.7.8.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.8.5
+--------------------
+
+ * An error message from 'git bundle' had an unmatched single quote pair in it.
+
+ * 'git diff --histogram' option was not described.
+
+ * Documentation for 'git rev-list' had minor formatting errors.
+
+ * 'git imap-send' carried an unused dead code.
+
+ * The way 'git fetch' implemented its connectivity check over
+   received objects was overly pessimistic, and wasted a lot of
+   cycles.
+
+ * Various minor backports of fixes from the 'master' and the 'maint'
+   branch.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
index b4d90bba0f..249311361e 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7
  * Updates to bash completion scripts.
 
  * The build procedure has been taught to take advantage of computed
-   dependency automatically when the complier supports it.
+   dependency automatically when the compiler supports it.
 
  * The date parser now accepts timezone designators that lack minutes
    part and also has a colon between "hh:mm".
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7
  * Variants of "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" that take multiple
    commits learned to "--continue" and "--abort".
 
- * "git daemon" gives more human readble error messages to clients
+ * "git daemon" gives more human readable error messages to clients
    using ERR packets when appropriate.
 
  * Errors at the network layer is logged by "git daemon".
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6957183dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+Git v1.7.9.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9
+------------------
+
+ * The makefile allowed environment variable X seep into it result in
+   command names suffixed with unnecessary strings.
+
+ * The set of included header files in compat/inet-{ntop,pton}
+   wrappers was updated for Windows some time ago, but in a way that
+   broke Solaris build.
+
+ * rpmbuild noticed an unpackaged but installed *.mo file and failed.
+
+ * Subprocesses spawned from various git programs were often left running
+   to completion even when the top-level process was killed.
+
+ * "git add -e" learned not to show a diff for an otherwise unmodified
+   submodule that only has uncommitted local changes in the patch
+   prepared by for the user to edit.
+
+ * Typo in "git branch --edit-description my-tpoic" was not diagnosed.
+
+ * Using "git grep -l/-L" together with options -W or --break may not
+   make much sense as the output is to only count the number of hits
+   and there is no place for file breaks, but the latter options made
+   "-l/-L" to miscount the hits.
+
+ * "git log --first-parent $pathspec" did not stay on the first parent
+   chain and veered into side branch from which the whole change to the
+   specified paths came.
+
+ * "git merge --no-edit $tag" failed to honor the --no-edit option.
+
+ * "git merge --ff-only $tag" failed because it cannot record the
+   required mergetag without creating a merge, but this is so common
+   operation for branch that is used _only_ to follow the upstream, so
+   it was changed to allow fast-forwarding without recording the mergetag.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now gives an empty file as the common base version
+   to the backend when dealing with the "both sides added, differently"
+   case.
+
+ * "git push -q" was not sufficiently quiet.
+
+ * When "git push" fails to update any refs, the client side did not
+   report an error correctly to the end user.
+
+ * "rebase" and "commit --amend" failed to work on commits with ancient
+   timestamps near year 1970.
+
+ * When asking for a tag to be pulled, "request-pull" did not show the
+   name of the tag prefixed with "tags/", which would have helped older
+   clients.
+
+ * "git submodule add $path" forgot to recompute the name to be stored
+   in .gitmodules when the submodule at $path was once added to the
+   superproject and already initialized.
+
+ * Many small corner case bugs on "git tag -n" was corrected.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e500da75dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+Git v1.7.9.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Bash completion script (in contrib/) did not like a pattern that
+   begins with a dash to be passed to __git_ps1 helper function.
+
+ * Adaptation of the bash completion script (in contrib/) for zsh
+   incorrectly listed all subcommands when "git <TAB><TAB>" was given
+   to ask for list of porcelain subcommands.
+
+ * The build procedure for profile-directed optimized binary was not
+   working very well.
+
+ * Some systems need to explicitly link -lcharset to get locale_charset().
+
+ * t5541 ignored user-supplied port number used for HTTP server testing.
+
+ * The error message emitted when we see an empty loose object was
+   not phrased correctly.
+
+ * The code to ask for password did not fall back to the terminal
+   input when GIT_ASKPASS is set but does not work (e.g. lack of X
+   with GUI askpass helper).
+
+ * We failed to give the true terminal width to any subcommand when
+   they are invoked with the pager, i.e. "git -p cmd".
+
+ * map_user() was not rewriting its output correctly, which resulted
+   in the user visible symptom that "git blame -e" sometimes showed
+   excess '>' at the end of email addresses.
+
+ * "git checkout -b" did not allow switching out of an unborn branch.
+
+ * When you have both .../foo and .../foo.git, "git clone .../foo" did not
+   favor the former but the latter.
+
+ * "git commit" refused to create a commit when entries added with
+   "add -N" remained in the index, without telling Git what their content
+   in the next commit should be. We should have created the commit without
+   these paths.
+
+ * "git diff --stat" said "files", "insertions", and "deletions" even
+   when it is showing one "file", one "insertion" or one "deletion".
+
+ * The output from "git diff --stat" for two paths that have the same
+   amount of changes showed graph bars of different length due to the
+   way we handled rounding errors.
+
+ * "git grep" did not pay attention to -diff (hence -binary) attribute.
+
+ * The transport programs (fetch, push, clone)ignored --no-progress
+   and showed progress when sending their output to a terminal.
+
+ * Sometimes error status detected by a check in an earlier phase of
+   "git receive-pack" (the other end of "git push") was lost by later
+   checks, resulting in false indication of success.
+
+ * "git rev-list --verify" sometimes skipped verification depending on
+   the phase of the moon, which dates back to 1.7.8.x series.
+
+ * Search box in "gitweb" did not accept non-ASCII characters correctly.
+
+ * Search interface of "gitweb" did not show multiple matches in the same file
+   correctly.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91c65012f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+Git v1.7.9.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git p4" (in contrib/) submit the changes to a wrong place when the
+   "--use-client-spec" option is set.
+
+ * The config.mak.autogen generated by optional autoconf support tried
+   to link the binary with -lintl even when libintl.h is missing from
+   the system.
+
+ * When the filter driver exits before reading the content before the
+   main git process writes the contents to be filtered to the pipe to
+   it, the latter could be killed with SIGPIPE instead of ignoring
+   such an event as an error.
+
+ * "git add --refresh <pathspec>" used to warn about unmerged paths
+   outside the given pathspec.
+
+ * The bulk check-in codepath in "git add" streamed contents that
+   needs smudge/clean filters without running them, instead of punting
+   and delegating to the codepath to run filters after slurping
+   everything to core.
+
+ * "git branch --with $that" assumed incorrectly that the user will never
+   ask the question with nonsense value in $that.
+
+ * "git bundle create" produced a corrupt bundle file upon seeing
+   commits with excessively long subject line.
+
+ * When a remote helper exits before reading the blank line from the
+   main git process to signal the end of commands, the latter could be
+   killed with SIGPIPE. Instead we should ignore such event as a
+   non-error.
+
+ * The commit log template given with "git merge --edit" did not have
+   a short instructive text like what "git commit" gives.
+
+ * "git rev-list --verify-objects -q" omitted the extra verification
+   it needs to do over "git rev-list --objects -q" by mistake.
+
+ * "gitweb" used to drop warnings in the log file when "heads" view is
+   accessed in a repository whose HEAD does not point at a valid
+   branch.
+
+ * An invalid regular expression pattern given by an end user made
+   "gitweb" to return garbled response.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5217a1889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Git v1.7.9.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The code to synthesize the fake ancestor tree used by 3-way merge
+   fallback in "git am" was not prepared to read a patch created with
+   a non-standard -p<num> value.
+
+ * "git bundle" did not record boundary commits correctly when there
+   are many of them.
+
+ * "git diff-index" and its friends at the plumbing level showed the
+   "diff --git" header and nothing else for a path whose cached stat
+   info is dirty without actual difference when asked to produce a
+   patch. This was a longstanding bug that we could have fixed long
+   time ago.
+
+ * "gitweb" did use quotemeta() to prepare search string when asked to
+   do a fixed-string project search, but did not use it by mistake and
+   used the user-supplied string instead.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95cc2bbf2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git v1.7.9.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.4
+--------------------
+
+ * When "git config" diagnoses an error in a configuration file and
+   shows the line number for the offending line, it miscounted if the
+   error was at the end of line.
+
+ * "git fast-import" accepted "ls" command with an empty path by
+   mistake.
+
+ * Various new-ish output decoration modes of "git grep" were not
+   documented in the manual's synopsis section.
+
+ * The "remaining" subcommand to "git rerere" was not documented.
+
+ * "gitweb" used to drop warnings in the log file when "heads" view is
+   accessed in a repository whose HEAD does not point at a valid
+   branch.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74bf8825e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Git v1.7.9.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.5
+--------------------
+
+ * "git merge $tag" to merge an annotated tag always opens the editor
+   during an interactive edit session. v1.7.10 series introduced an
+   environment variable GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT to help older scripts decline
+   this behaviour, but the maintenance track should also support it.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59667d0f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Git v1.7.9.7 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.6
+--------------------
+
+ * An error message from 'git bundle' had an unmatched single quote pair in it.
+
+ * The way 'git fetch' implemented its connectivity check over
+   received objects was overly pessimistic, and wasted a lot of
+   cycles.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.txt
index 70ff060231..95320aad5d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Git v1.7.9 Release Notes (draft)
+Git v1.7.9 Release Notes
 ========================
 
 Updates since v1.7.8
@@ -10,29 +10,32 @@ Updates since v1.7.8
 
  * git-p4 (in contrib/) updates.
 
- * i18n effort is going forward and Git uses localized messages if
-   available.
+ * Git uses gettext to translate its most common interface messages
+   into the user's language if translations are available and the
+   locale is appropriately set. Distributors can drop new PO files
+   in po/ to add new translations.
 
- * Porcelain commands like "git reset" did not distinguish deletions
-   and type-changes from ordinary modification, and reported them with
-   the same 'M' moniker. They now use 'D' (for deletion) and 'T' (for
-   type-change) to match "git status -s" and "git diff --name-status".
-
- * The code to handle username/password for HTTP transaction used in
+ * The code to handle username/password for HTTP transactions used in
    "git push" & "git fetch" learned to talk "credential API" to
    external programs to cache or store them, to allow integration with
    platform native keychain mechanisms.
 
- * "git commit" and "git reset" re-learned the optimization to prime
-   the cache-tree information in the index, which makes it faster to
-   write a tree object out after the index entries are updated.
+ * The input prompts in the terminal use our own getpass() replacement
+   when possible. HTTP transactions used to ask for the username without
+   echoing back what was typed, but with this change you will see it as
+   you type.
+
+ * The internals of "revert/cherry-pick" have been tweaked to prepare
+   building more generic "sequencer" on top of the implementation that
+   drives them.
+
+ * "git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD" after "git fetch" without specifying
+   what to fetch from the command line will now show the commit that
+   would be merged if the command were "git pull".
 
  * "git add" learned to stream large files directly into a packfile
    instead of writing them into individual loose object files.
 
- * "git branch -m <current branch> HEAD" is an obvious no-op and is
-   now allowed.
-
  * "git checkout -B <current branch> <elsewhere>" is a more intuitive
    way to spell "git reset --keep <elsewhere>".
 
@@ -43,6 +46,16 @@ Updates since v1.7.8
    user is amending the tree being recorded, without updating the
    commit log message.
 
+ * "git commit" and "git reset" re-learned the optimization to prime
+   the cache-tree information in the index, which makes it faster to
+   write a tree object out after the index entries are updated.
+
+ * "git commit" detects and rejects an attempt to stuff NUL byte in
+   the commit log message.
+
+ * "git commit" learned "-S" to GPG-sign the commit; this can be shown
+   with the "--show-signature" option to "git log".
+
  * fsck and prune are relatively lengthy operations that still go
    silent while making the end-user wait. They learned to give progress
    output like other slow operations.
@@ -50,11 +63,19 @@ Updates since v1.7.8
  * The set of built-in function-header patterns for various languages
    knows MATLAB.
 
+ * "git log --format='<format>'" learned new %g[nNeE] specifiers to
+   show information from the reflog entries when walking the reflog
+   (i.e. with "-g").
+
  * "git pull" can be used to fetch and merge an annotated/signed tag,
    instead of the tip of a topic branch. The GPG signature from the
    signed tag is recorded in the resulting merge commit for later
    auditing.
 
+ * "git log" learned "--show-signature" option to show the signed tag
+   that was merged that is embedded in the merge commit. It also can
+   show the signature made on the commit with "git commit -S".
+
  * "git branch --edit-description" can be used to add descriptive text
    to explain what a topic branch is about.
 
@@ -86,75 +107,6 @@ Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
 Fixes since v1.7.8
 ------------------
 
- * The function header pattern for files with "diff=cpp" attribute did
-   not consider "type *funcname(type param1,..." as the beginning of a
-   function.
-   (merge 37e7793 tr/userdiff-c-returns-pointer later to maint).
-
- * The replacement implemention for snprintf used on platforms with
-   native snprintf that is broken did not use va_copy correctly.
-   (merge a9bfbc5 jk/maint-snprintf-va-copy later to maint).
-
- * LF-to-CRLF streaming filter used when checking out a large-ish blob
-   fell into an infinite loop with a rare input.
-   (merge 284e3d2 cn/maint-lf-to-crlf-filter later to maint).
-
- * git native connection going over TCP (not over SSH) did not set
-   SO_KEEPALIVE option which failed to receive link layer errors.
-   (merge e47a858 ew/keepalive later to maint).
-
- * "git archive" mistakenly allowed remote clients to ask for commits
-   that are not at the tip of any ref.
-   (merge 7b51c33 jk/maint-upload-archive later to maint).
-
- * "git apply --check" did not error out when given an empty input
-   without any patch.
-   (merge cc64b31 bc/maint-apply-check-no-patch later to maint).
-
- * "git checkout -m" did not recreate the conflicted state in a "both
-   sides added, without any common ancestor version" conflict
-   situation.
-   (merge 335c6e4 jc/checkout-m-twoway later to maint).
-
- * "git cherry-pick $commit" (not a range) created an unnecessary
-   sequencer state and interfered with valid workflow to use the
-   command during a session to cherry-pick multiple commits.
-   (merge d596118 jn/maint-sequencer-fixes later to maint).
-
- * The error message from "git diff" and "git status" when they fail
-   to inspect changes in submodules did not report which submodule they
-   had trouble with.
-   (merge 6a5ceda jl/submodule-status-failure-report later to maint).
-
- * "fast-import" did not correctly update an existing notes tree,
-   possibly corrupting the fan-out.
-
- * "git fetch-pack" accepted unqualified refs that do not begin with
-   refs/ by mistake and compensated it by matching the refspec with
-   tail-match, which was doubly wrong. This broke fetching from a
-   repository with a funny named ref "refs/foo/refs/heads/master" and a
-   'master' branch with "git fetch-pack refs/heads/master", as the
-   command incorrectly considered the former a "match".
-   (merge bab8d28 jk/fetch-no-tail-match-refs later to maint).
-
- * "git mv" gave suboptimal error/warning messages when it overwrites
-   target files. It also did not pay attention to "-v" option.
-   (merge 534376c jk/maint-mv later to maint).
-
- * When a "reword" action in "git rebase -i" failed to run "commit --amend",
-   we did not give the control back to the user to resolve the situation, and
-   instead kept the original commit log message.
-   (merge 0becb3e aw/rebase-i-stop-on-failure-to-amend later to maint).
-
- * Authenticated "git push" over dumb HTTP were broken with a recent
-   change and failed without asking for password when username is
-   given.
-   (merge a4ddbc3 jk/maint-push-over-dav later to maint).
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.7.8-351-g2dccad3
-echo O=$(git describe master)
-git log --first-parent --oneline --reverse ^$O master
-echo
-git shortlog --no-merges ^$O ^maint master
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.8 in the maintenance
+releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f372fa0b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+Git v1.8.0.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0
+------------------
+
+ * The configuration parser had an unnecessary hardcoded limit on
+   variable names that was not checked consistently.
+
+ * The "say" function in the test scaffolding incorrectly allowed
+   "echo" to interpret "\a" as if it were a C-string asking for a
+   BEL output.
+
+ * "git mergetool" feeds /dev/null as a common ancestor when dealing
+   with an add/add conflict, but p4merge backend cannot handle
+   it. Work it around by passing a temporary empty file.
+
+ * "git log -F -E --grep='<ere>'" failed to use the given <ere>
+   pattern as extended regular expression, and instead looked for the
+   string literally.
+
+ * "git grep -e pattern <tree>" asked the attribute system to read
+   "<tree>:.gitattributes" file in the working tree, which was
+   nonsense.
+
+ * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git
+   branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM
+   instead.
+
+ * Earlier we fixed documentation to hyphenate "remote-tracking branch"
+   to clarify that these are not a remote entity, but unhyphenated
+   spelling snuck in to a few places since then.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" run while the HEAD is detached tried to find
+   the upstream branch of the detached HEAD (which by definition
+   does not exist) and emitted unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * The refs/replace hierarchy was not mentioned in the
+   repository-layout docs.
+
+ * Sometimes curl_multi_timeout() function suggested a wrong timeout
+   value when there is no file descriptors to wait on and the http
+   transport ended up sleeping for minutes in select(2) system call.
+   A workaround has been added for this.
+
+ * Various rfc2047 quoting issues around a non-ASCII name on the
+   From: line in the output from format-patch have been corrected.
+
+ * "git diff -G<pattern>" did not honor textconv filter when looking
+   for changes.
+
+ * Bash completion script (in contrib/) did not correctly complete a
+   lazy "git checkout $name_of_remote_tracking_branch_that_is_unique"
+   command line.
+
+ * RSS feed from "gitweb" had a xss hole in its title output.
+
+ * "git config --path $key" segfaulted on "[section] key" (a boolean
+   "true" spelled without "=", not "[section] key = true").
+
+ * "git checkout -b foo" while on an unborn branch did not say
+   "Switched to a new branch 'foo'" like other cases.
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8497e051de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v1.8.0.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Various codepaths have workaround for a common misconfiguration to
+   spell "UTF-8" as "utf8", but it was not used uniformly.  Most
+   notably, mailinfo (which is used by "git am") lacked this support.
+
+ * We failed to mention a file without any content change but whose
+   permission bit was modified, or (worse yet) a new file without any
+   content in the "git diff --stat" output.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for binary contents, the total
+   number of added and removed lines at the bottom was computed
+   incorrectly.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for unmerged paths, the total
+   number of affected files at the bottom of the "diff --stat" output
+   was computed incorrectly.
+
+ * "diff --shortstat" miscounted the total number of affected files
+   when there were unmerged paths.
+
+ * "git p4" used to try expanding malformed "$keyword$" that spans
+   across multiple lines.
+
+ * "git update-ref -d --deref SYM" to delete a ref through a symbolic
+   ref that points to it did not remove it correctly.
+
+ * Syntax highlighting in "gitweb" was not quite working.
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92b1e4b363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Git v1.8.0.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git log -p -S<string>" did not apply the textconv filter while
+   looking for the <string>.
+
+ * In the documentation, some invalid example e-mail addresses were
+   formatted into mailto: links.
+
+Also contains many documentation updates backported from the 'master'
+branch that is preparing for the upcoming 1.8.1 release.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43883c14f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+Git v1.8.0 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the
+behavior of the "git push" command.
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the
+current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current
+branch is set to integrate with that remote branch.  There is a user
+preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and
+"git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this
+variable in this release.
+
+"git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a
+relatively distant future.  "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has
+been introduced with a saner order of arguments.
+
+
+Updates since v1.7.12
+---------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A credential helper for Win32 to allow access to the keychain of
+   the logged-in user has been added.
+
+ * An initial port to HP NonStop.
+
+ * A credential helper to allow access to the Gnome keyring has been
+   added.
+
+ * When "git am" sanitizes the "Subject:" line, we strip the prefix from
+   "Re: subject" and also from a less common "re: subject", but left
+   the even less common "RE: subject" intact.  Now we strip that too.
+
+ * It was tempting to say "git branch --set-upstream origin/master",
+   but that tells Git to arrange the local branch "origin/master" to
+   integrate with the currently checked out branch, which is highly
+   unlikely what the user meant.  The option is deprecated; use the
+   new "--set-upstream-to" (with a short-and-sweet "-u") option
+   instead.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" learned the "--allow-empty-message" option to
+   allow it to replay a commit without any log message.
+
+ * After "git cherry-pick -s" gave control back to the user asking
+   help to resolve conflicts, concluding "git commit" used to need to
+   be run with "-s" if the user wants to sign it off; now the command
+   leaves the sign-off line in the log template.
+
+ * "git daemon" learned the "--access-hook" option to allow an
+   external command to decline service based on the client address,
+   repository path, etc.
+
+ * "git difftool --dir-diff" learned to use symbolic links to prepare
+   a temporary copy of the working tree when available.
+
+ * "git grep" learned to use a non-standard pattern type by default if
+   a configuration variable tells it to.
+
+ * Accumulated updates to "git gui" has been merged.
+
+ * "git log -g" learned the "--grep-reflog=<pattern>" option to limit
+   its output to commits with a reflog message that matches the given
+   pattern.
+
+ * "git merge-base" learned the "--is-ancestor A B" option to tell if A is
+   an ancestor of B.  The result is indicated by its exit status code.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now allows users to override the actual command used
+   with the mergetool.$name.cmd configuration variable even for built-in
+   mergetool backends.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned the "--edit-todo" option to open an editor
+   to edit the instruction sheet.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git svn" has been updated to work with SVN 1.7.
+
+ * "git p4" learned the "--conflicts" option to specify what to do when
+   encountering a conflict during "p4 submit".
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with
+   buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their
+   platform regexp by mistake.  A new test has been added to check this.
+
+ * The "check-docs" build target has been updated and greatly
+   simplified.
+
+ * The test suite is run under MALLOC_CHECK_ when running with a glibc
+   that supports the feature.
+
+ * The documentation in the TeXinfo format was using indented output
+   for materials meant to be examples that are better typeset in
+   monospace.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper around some mkdir(2) implementations that
+   reject parameters with trailing slash has been introduced.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper for systems that lack usable setitimer() has
+   been added.
+
+ * The option parsing of "git checkout" had error checking, dwim and
+   defaulting missing options, all mixed in the code, and issuing an
+   appropriate error message with useful context was getting harder.
+   The code has been reorganized to allow giving a proper diagnosis
+   when the user says "git checkout -b -t foo bar" (e.g. "-t" is not a
+   good name for a branch).
+
+ * Many internal uses of a "git merge-base" equivalent were only to see
+   if one commit fast-forwards to the other, which did not need the
+   full set of merge bases to be computed. They have been updated to
+   use less expensive checks.
+
+ * The heuristics to detect and silently convert latin1 to utf8 when
+   we were told to use utf-8 in the log message has been transplanted
+   from "mailinfo" to "commit" and "commit-tree".
+
+ * Messages given by "git <subcommand> -h" from many subcommands have
+   been marked for translation.
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12
+-------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.12 in the
+maintenance track are contained in this release (see release notes
+to them for details).
+
+ * The attribute system may be asked for a path that itself or its
+   leading directories no longer exists in the working tree, and it is
+   fine if we cannot open .gitattribute file in such a case.  Failure
+   to open per-directory .gitattributes with error status other than
+   ENOENT and ENOTDIR should be diagnosed, but it wasn't.
+
+ * When looking for $HOME/.gitconfig etc., it is OK if we cannot read
+   them because they do not exist, but we did not diagnose existing
+   files that we cannot read.
+
+ * When "git am" is fed an input that has multiple "Content-type: ..."
+   header, it did not grok charset= attribute correctly.
+
+ * "git am" mishandled a patch attached as application/octet-stream
+   (e.g. not text/*); Content-Transfer-Encoding (e.g. base64) was not
+   honored correctly.
+
+ * "git blame MAKEFILE" run in a history that has "Makefile" but not
+   "MAKEFILE" should say "No such file MAKEFILE in HEAD", but got
+   confused on a case insensitive filesystem and failed to do so.
+
+ * Even during a conflicted merge, "git blame $path" always meant to
+   blame uncommitted changes to the "working tree" version; make it
+   more useful by showing cleanly merged parts as coming from the other
+   branch that is being merged.
+
+ * It was unclear in the documentation for "git blame" that it is
+   unnecessary for users to use the "--follow" option.
+
+ * Output from "git branch -v" contains "(no branch)" that could be
+   localized, but the code to align it along with the names of
+   branches was counting in bytes, not in display columns.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick A C B" used to replay changes in A and then B and
+   then C if these three commits had committer timestamps in that
+   order, which is not what the user who said "A C B" naturally
+   expects.
+
+ * A repository created with "git clone --single" had its fetch
+   refspecs set up just like a clone without "--single", leading the
+   subsequent "git fetch" to slurp all the other branches, defeating
+   the whole point of specifying "only this branch".
+
+ * Documentation talked about "first line of commit log" when it meant
+   the title of the commit.  The description was clarified by defining
+   how the title is decided and rewording the casual mention of "first
+   line" to "title".
+
+ * "git cvsimport" did not thoroughly cleanse tag names that it
+   inferred from the names of the tags it obtained from CVS, which
+   caused "git tag" to barf and stop the import in the middle.
+
+ * Earlier we made the diffstat summary line that shows the number of
+   lines added/deleted localizable, but it was found irritating having
+   to see them in various languages on a list whose discussion language
+   is English, and this change has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch --all", when passed "--no-tags", did not honor the
+   "--no-tags" option while fetching from individual remotes (the same
+   issue existed with "--tags", but the combination "--all --tags" makes
+   much less sense than "--all --no-tags").
+
+ * "git fetch" over http had an old workaround for an unlikely server
+   misconfiguration; it turns out that this hurts debuggability of the
+   configuration in general, and has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch" over http advertised that it supports "deflate", which
+   is much less common, and did not advertise the more common "gzip" on
+   its Accept-Encoding header.
+
+ * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when
+   curl's multi interface was used.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" notified the user that auto-packing has triggered
+    even under the "--quiet" option.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" updated what is shown as the
+   contents of it when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "git log --all-match --grep=A --grep=B" ought to show commits that
+   mention both A and B, but when these three options are used with
+   --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or
+   B (or both) instead.
+
+ * The "-Xours" backend option to "git merge -s recursive" was ignored
+   for binary files.
+
+ * "git p4", when "--use-client-spec" and "--detect-branches" are used
+   together, misdetected branches.
+
+ * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give
+   progress output while processing objects it received to the puser
+   when run over the smart-http protocol.
+
+ * When you misspell the command name you give to the "exec" action in
+   the "git rebase -i" instruction sheet you were told that 'rebase' is not a
+   git subcommand from "git rebase --continue".
+
+ * The subcommand in "git remote" to remove a defined remote was
+   "rm" and the command did not take a fully-spelled "remove".
+
+ * The interactive prompt that "git send-email" gives was error prone. It
+   asked "What e-mail address do you want to use?" with the address it
+   guessed (correctly) the user would want to use in its prompt,
+   tempting the user to say "y". But the response was taken as "No,
+   please use 'y' as the e-mail address instead", which is most
+   certainly not what the user meant.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give the timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on the "committer" line.
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
+
+ * "git submodule frotz" was not diagnosed as "frotz" being an unknown
+   subcommand to "git submodule"; the user instead got a complaint
+   that "git submodule status" was run with an unknown path "frotz".
+
+ * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but
+   "git commit" didn't.
+
+ * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed
+   output due to a typo.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cde07ba29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+Git 1.8.1.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines in some corner cases.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * The "log --graph" codepath fell into infinite loop in some
+   corner cases.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a race that can lose new ones.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * Portability issues in many self-test scripts have been addressed.
+
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ab7b18906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Git 1.8.1.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.1
+--------------------
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * When users spelled "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..681cb35c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The fix for this in 1.8.1.2 had
+   performance degradations.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" did not replay a root commit to an unborn branch.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22af1d1643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git 1.8.1.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git imap-send" talking over imaps:// did make sure it received a
+   valid certificate from the other end, but did not check if the
+   certificate matched the host it thought it was talking to.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efa68aef22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Given a string with a multi-byte character that begins with '-' on
+   the command line where an option is expected, the option parser
+   used just one byte of the unknown letter when reporting an error.
+
+ * In v1.8.1, the attribute parser was tightened too restrictive to
+   error out upon seeing an entry that begins with an ! (exclamation),
+   which may confuse users to expect a "negative match", which does
+   not exist.  This has been demoted to a warning; such an entry is
+   still ignored.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes ended
+   up finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git help remote-helpers" failed to find the documentation.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c15cf2e805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Git 1.8.1.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.5
+--------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * When the "--prefix" option is used to "checkout-index", the code
+   did not pick the correct output filter based on the attribute
+   setting.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6f9555923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+Git v1.8.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the
+behavior of the "git push" command.
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the
+current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current
+branch is set to integrate with that remote branch.  There is a user
+preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and
+"git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this
+variable in this release.
+
+"git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a
+relatively distant future.  "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has
+been introduced with a saner order of arguments to replace it.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.0
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Command-line completion scripts for tcsh and zsh have been added.
+
+ * "git-prompt" scriptlet (in contrib/completion) can be told to paint
+   pieces of the hints in the prompt string in colors.
+
+ * Some documentation pages that used to ship only in the plain text
+   format are now formatted in HTML as well.
+
+ * We used to have a workaround for a bug in ancient "less" that
+   causes it to exit without any output when the terminal is resized.
+   The bug has been fixed in "less" version 406 (June 2007), and the
+   workaround has been removed in this release.
+
+ * When "git checkout" checks out a branch, it tells the user how far
+   behind (or ahead) the new branch is relative to the remote tracking
+   branch it builds upon.  The message now also advises how to sync
+   them up by pushing or pulling.  This can be disabled with the
+   advice.statusHints configuration variable.
+
+ * "git config --get" used to diagnose presence of multiple
+   definitions of the same variable in the same configuration file as
+   an error, but it now applies the "last one wins" rule used by the
+   internal configuration logic.  Strictly speaking, this may be an
+   API regression but it is expected that nobody will notice it in
+   practice.
+
+ * A new configuration variable "diff.context" can be used to
+   give the default number of context lines in the patch output, to
+   override the hardcoded default of 3 lines.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned the "--notes=<ref>" option to give
+   notes for the commit after the three-dash lines in its output.
+
+ * "git log -p -S<string>" now looks for the <string> after applying
+   the textconv filter (if defined); earlier it inspected the contents
+   of the blobs without filtering.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pcre>" learned to honor the "grep.patterntype"
+   configuration set to "perl".
+
+ * "git replace -d <object>" now interprets <object> as an extended
+   SHA-1 (e.g. HEAD~4 is allowed), instead of only accepting full hex
+   object name.
+
+ * "git rm $submodule" used to punt on removing a submodule working
+   tree to avoid losing the repository embedded in it.  Because
+   recent git uses a mechanism to separate the submodule repository
+   from the submodule working tree, "git rm" learned to detect this
+   case and removes the submodule working tree when it is safe to do so.
+
+ * "git send-email" used to prompt for the sender address, even when
+   the committer identity is well specified (e.g. via user.name and
+   user.email configuration variables).  The command no longer gives
+   this prompt when not necessary.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not allow non-address garbage strings to
+   appear after addresses on Cc: lines in the patch files (and when
+   told to pick them up to find more recipients), e.g.
+
+     Cc: Stable Kernel <stable@k.org> # for v3.2 and up
+
+   The command now strips " # for v3.2 and up" part before adding the
+   remainder of this line to the list of recipients.
+
+ * "git submodule add" learned to add a new submodule at the same
+   path as the path where an unrelated submodule was bound to in an
+   existing revision via the "--name" option.
+
+ * "git submodule sync" learned the "--recursive" option.
+
+ * "diff.submodule" configuration variable can be used to give custom
+   default value to the "git diff --submodule" option.
+
+ * "git symbolic-ref" learned the "-d $symref" option to delete the
+   named symbolic ref, which is more intuitive way to spell it than
+   "update-ref -d --no-deref $symref".
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git cvsimport" can be told to record timezones (other than GMT)
+   per-author via its author info file.
+
+ * The remote helper interface to interact with subversion
+   repositories (one of the GSoC 2012 projects) has been merged.
+
+ * A new remote-helper interface for Mercurial has been added to
+   contrib/remote-helpers.
+
+ * The documentation for git(1) was pointing at a page at an external
+   site for the list of authors that no longer existed.  The link has
+   been updated to point at an alternative site.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Compilation on Cygwin with newer header files are supported now.
+
+ * A couple of low-level implementation updates on MinGW.
+
+ * The logic to generate the initial advertisement from "upload-pack"
+   (i.e. what is invoked by "git fetch" on the other side of the
+   connection) to list what refs are available in the repository has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The logic to find set of attributes that match a given path has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * Use preloadindex in "git diff-index" and "git update-index", which
+   has a nice speedup on systems with slow stat calls (and even on
+   Linux).
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.0 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * The configuration parser had an unnecessary hardcoded limit on
+   variable names that was not checked consistently.
+
+ * The "say" function in the test scaffolding incorrectly allowed
+   "echo" to interpret "\a" as if it were a C-string asking for a
+   BEL output.
+
+ * "git mergetool" feeds /dev/null as a common ancestor when dealing
+   with an add/add conflict, but p4merge backend cannot handle
+   it. Work it around by passing a temporary empty file.
+
+ * "git log -F -E --grep='<ere>'" failed to use the given <ere>
+   pattern as extended regular expression, and instead looked for the
+   string literally.
+
+ * "git grep -e pattern <tree>" asked the attribute system to read
+   "<tree>:.gitattributes" file in the working tree, which was
+   nonsense.
+
+ * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git
+   branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM
+   instead.
+
+ * Update "remote tracking branch" in the documentation to
+   "remote-tracking branch".
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" run while the HEAD is detached tried to find
+   the upstream branch of the detached HEAD (which by definition
+   does not exist) and emitted unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * The refs/replace hierarchy was not mentioned in the
+   repository-layout docs.
+
+ * Various rfc2047 quoting issues around a non-ASCII name on the
+   From: line in the output from format-patch have been corrected.
+
+ * Sometimes curl_multi_timeout() function suggested a wrong timeout
+   value when there is no file descriptor to wait on and the http
+   transport ended up sleeping for minutes in select(2) system call.
+   A workaround has been added for this.
+
+ * For a fetch refspec (or the result of applying wildcard on one),
+   we always want the RHS to map to something inside "refs/"
+   hierarchy, but the logic to check it was not exactly right.
+   (merge 5c08c1f jc/maint-fetch-tighten-refname-check later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff -G<pattern>" did not honor textconv filter when looking
+   for changes.
+
+ * Some HTTP servers ask for auth only during the actual packing phase
+   (not in ls-remote phase); this is not really a recommended
+   configuration, but the clients used to fail to authenticate with
+   such servers.
+   (merge 2e736fd jk/maint-http-half-auth-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git p4" used to try expanding malformed "$keyword$" that spans
+   across multiple lines.
+
+ * Syntax highlighting in "gitweb" was not quite working.
+
+ * RSS feed from "gitweb" had a xss hole in its title output.
+
+ * "git config --path $key" segfaulted on "[section] key" (a boolean
+   "true" spelled without "=", not "[section] key = true").
+
+ * "git checkout -b foo" while on an unborn branch did not say
+   "Switched to a new branch 'foo'" like other cases.
+
+ * Various codepaths have workaround for a common misconfiguration to
+   spell "UTF-8" as "utf8", but it was not used uniformly.  Most
+   notably, mailinfo (which is used by "git am") lacked this support.
+
+ * We failed to mention a file without any content change but whose
+   permission bit was modified, or (worse yet) a new file without any
+   content in the "git diff --stat" output.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for binary contents, the total
+   number of added and removed lines at the bottom was computed
+   incorrectly.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for unmerged paths, the total
+   number of affected files at the bottom of the "diff --stat" output
+   was computed incorrectly.
+
+ * "diff --shortstat" miscounted the total number of affected files
+   when there were unmerged paths.
+
+ * "update-ref -d --deref SYM" to delete a ref through a symbolic ref
+   that points to it did not remove it correctly.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..769a6fc06c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+Git v1.8.2.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * Verification of signed tags were not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be used as a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those that match the given pattern.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" is treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii strings on the header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of it.
+
+ * "git archive" reports a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It would be more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. not overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segment in numeric order and non-numeric segment in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that are the common alternative
+   spellings of UTF-8.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters and issue errors in many cases.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit from sideways bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git merge-tree" had a typo in the logic to detect d/f conflicts,
+   which caused it to segfault in some cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..708df1ae19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+Git v1.8.2.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and an
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied to a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" did not pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * When receive-pack detects error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hang
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm=algo" was understood by the command line
+   parser, but "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" was not.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special case merging of tags.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" can take more than one commit
+   on the command line these days, but it was not mentioned on the usage
+   text.
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (not redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   Later open may return file descriptor #2 for unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into them.
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * "git diff/log --cc" did not work well with options that ignore
+   whitespace changes.
+
+ * Documentation on setting up a http server that requires
+   authentication only on the push but not fetch has been clarified.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+ * "git bundle" did not like a bundle created using a commit without
+   any message as its one of the prerequisites.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..613948251a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Git v1.8.2.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a
+   huge problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these
+   names in error output.
+
+ * When "git difftool" drove "kdiff3", it mistakenly passed --auto
+   option that was meant while resolving merge conflicts.
+
+ * "git remote add" command did not diagnose extra command line
+   arguments as an error and silently ignored them.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc606ae116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+Git v1.8.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (this release)
+-------------------------------------------
+
+"git push $there tag v1.2.3" used to allow replacing a tag v1.2.3
+that already exists in the repository $there, if the rewritten tag
+you are pushing points at a commit that is a descendant of a commit
+that the old tag v1.2.3 points at.  This was found to be error prone
+and starting with this release, any attempt to update an existing
+ref under refs/tags/ hierarchy will fail, without "--force".
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A" that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, the
+scope of the operation has always been limited to the subdirectory.
+Many users found this counter-intuitive, given that "git commit -a"
+and other commands operate on the entire tree regardless of where you
+are.  In this release, these commands give a warning message that
+suggests the users to use "git add -u/-A ." when they want to limit
+the scope to the current directory; doing so will squelch the message,
+while training their fingers.
+
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  There is a user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set it to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early,
+you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A", that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, these
+commands will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands. Because there will be no
+mechanism to make "git add -u" behave as if "git add -u .", it is
+important for those who are used to "git add -u" (without pathspec)
+updating the index only for paths in the current subdirectory to start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." when they mean
+it before Git 2.0 comes.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.1
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Initial ports to QNX and z/OS UNIX System Services have started.
+
+ * Output from the tests is coloured using "green is okay, yellow is
+   questionable, red is bad and blue is informative" scheme.
+
+ * Mention of "GIT/Git/git" in the documentation have been updated to
+   be more uniform and consistent.  The name of the system and the
+   concept it embodies is "Git"; the command the users type is "git".
+   All-caps "GIT" was merely a way to imitate "Git" typeset in small
+   caps in our ASCII text only documentation and to be avoided.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/completion) used to let the
+   default completer to suggest pathnames, which gave too many
+   irrelevant choices (e.g. "git add" would not want to add an
+   unmodified path).  It learnt to use a more git-aware logic to
+   enumerate only relevant ones.
+
+ * In bare repositories, "git shortlog" and other commands now read
+   mailmap files from the tip of the history, to help running these
+   tools in server settings.
+
+ * Color specifiers, e.g. "%C(blue)Hello%C(reset)", used in the
+   "--format=" option of "git log" and friends can be disabled when
+   the output is not sent to a terminal by prefixing them with
+   "auto,", e.g. "%C(auto,blue)Hello%C(auto,reset)".
+
+ * Scripts can ask Git that wildcard patterns in pathspecs they give do
+   not have any significance, i.e. take them as literal strings.
+
+ * The patterns in .gitignore and .gitattributes files can have **/,
+   as a pattern that matches 0 or more levels of subdirectory.
+   E.g. "foo/**/bar" matches "bar" in "foo" itself or in a
+   subdirectory of "foo".
+
+ * When giving arguments without "--" disambiguation, object names
+   that come earlier on the command line must not be interpretable as
+   pathspecs and pathspecs that come later on the command line must
+   not be interpretable as object names.  This disambiguation rule has
+   been tweaked so that ":/" (no other string before or after) is
+   always interpreted as a pathspec; "git cmd -- :/" is no longer
+   needed, you can just say "git cmd :/".
+
+ * Various "hint" lines Git gives when it asks the user to edit
+   messages in the editor are commented out with '#' by default. The
+   core.commentchar configuration variable can be used to customize
+   this '#' to a different character.
+
+ * "git add -u" and "git add -A" without pathspec issues warning to
+   make users aware that they are only operating on paths inside the
+   subdirectory they are in.  Use ":/" (everything from the top) or
+   "." (everything from the $cwd) to disambiguate.
+
+ * "git blame" (and "git diff") learned the "--no-follow" option.
+
+ * "git branch" now rejects some nonsense combinations of command line
+   arguments (e.g. giving more than one branch name to rename) with
+   more case-specific error messages.
+
+ * "git check-ignore" command to help debugging .gitignore files has
+   been added.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" can be used to replay a root commit to an unborn
+   branch.
+
+ * "git commit" can be told to use --cleanup=whitespace by setting the
+   configuration variable commit.cleanup to 'whitespace'.
+
+ * "git diff" and other Porcelain commands can be told to use a
+   non-standard algorithm by setting diff.algorithm configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * "git format-patch" now detects more cases in which a whole branch
+   is being exported, and uses the description for the branch, when
+   asked to write a cover letter for the series.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "-v $count" option, and prepends a
+   string "v$count-" to the names of its output files, and also
+   automatically sets the subject prefix to "PATCH v$count". This
+   allows patches from rerolled series to be stored under different
+   names and makes it easier to reuse cover letter messages.
+
+ * "git log" and friends can be told with --use-mailmap option to
+   rewrite the names and email addresses of people using the mailmap
+   mechanism.
+
+ * "git log --cc --graph" now shows the combined diff output with the
+   ancestry graph.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pattern>" honors i18n.logoutputencoding to look
+   for the pattern after fixing the log message to the specified
+   encoding.
+
+ * "git mergetool" and "git difftool" learned to list the available
+   tool backends in a more consistent manner.
+
+ * "git mergetool" is aware of TortoiseGitMerge now and uses it over
+   TortoiseMerge when available.
+
+ * "git push" now requires "-f" to update a tag, even if it is a
+   fast-forward, as tags are meant to be fixed points.
+
+ * Error messages from "git push" when it stops to prevent remote refs
+   from getting overwritten by mistake have been improved to explain
+   various situations separately.
+
+ * "git push" will stop without doing anything if the new "pre-push"
+   hook exists and exits with a failure.
+
+ * When "git rebase" fails to generate patches to be applied (e.g. due
+   to oom), it failed to detect the failure and instead behaved as if
+   there were nothing to do.  A workaround to use a temporary file has
+   been applied, but we probably would want to revisit this later, as
+   it hurts the common case of not failing at all.
+
+ * Input and preconditions to "git reset" has been loosened where
+   appropriate.  "git reset $fromtree Makefile" requires $fromtree to
+   be any tree (it used to require it to be a commit), for example.
+   "git reset" (without options or parameters) used to error out when
+   you do not have any commits in your history, but it now gives you
+   an empty index (to match non-existent commit you are not even on).
+
+ * "git status" says what branch is being bisected or rebased when
+   able, not just "bisecting" or "rebasing".
+
+ * "git submodule" started learning a new mode to integrate with the
+   tip of the remote branch (as opposed to integrating with the commit
+   recorded in the superproject's gitlink).
+
+ * "git upload-pack" which implements the service "ls-remote" and
+   "fetch" talk to can be told to hide ref hierarchies the server
+   side internally uses (and that clients have no business learning
+   about) with transfer.hiderefs configuration.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git fast-export" has been updated for its use in the context of
+   the remote helper interface.
+
+ * A new remote helper to interact with bzr has been added to contrib/.
+
+ * "git p4" got various bugfixes around its branch handling.  It is
+   also made usable with Python 2.4/2.5.  In addition, its various
+   portability issues for Cygwin have been addressed.
+
+ * The remote helper to interact with Hg in contrib/ has seen a few
+   fixes.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git fsck" has been taught to be pickier about entries in tree
+   objects that should not be there, e.g. ".", ".git", and "..".
+
+ * Matching paths with common forms of pathspecs that contain wildcard
+   characters has been optimized further.
+
+ * We stopped paying attention to $GIT_CONFIG environment that points
+   at a single configuration file from any command other than "git config"
+   quite a while ago, but "git clone" internally set, exported, and
+   then unexported the variable during its operation unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git reset" internals has been reworked and should be faster in
+   general. We tried to be careful not to break any behaviour but
+   there could be corner cases, especially when running the command
+   from a conflicted state, that we may have missed.
+
+ * The implementation of "imap-send" has been updated to reuse xml
+   quoting code from http-push codepath, and lost a lot of unused
+   code.
+
+ * There is a simple-minded checker for the test scripts in t/
+   directory to catch most common mistakes (it is not enabled by
+   default).
+
+ * You can build with USE_WILDMATCH=YesPlease to use a replacement
+   implementation of pattern matching logic used for pathname-like
+   things, e.g. refnames and paths in the repository.  This new
+   implementation is not expected change the existing behaviour of Git
+   in this release, except for "git for-each-ref" where you can now
+   say "refs/**/master" and match with both refs/heads/master and
+   refs/remotes/origin/master.  We plan to use this new implementation
+   in wider places (e.g. "git ls-files '**/Makefile' may find Makefile
+   at the top-level, and "git log '**/t*.sh'" may find commits that
+   touch a shell script whose name begins with "t" at any level) in
+   future versions of Git, but we are not there yet.  By building with
+   USE_WILDMATCH, using the resulting Git daily and reporting when you
+   find breakages, you can help us get closer to that goal.
+
+ * Some reimplementations of Git do not write all the stat info back
+   to the index due to their implementation limitations (e.g. jgit).
+   A configuration option can tell Git to ignore changes to most of
+   the stat fields and only pay attention to mtime and size, which
+   these implementations can reliably update.  This can be used to
+   avoid excessive revalidation of contents.
+
+ * Some platforms ship with old version of expat where xmlparse.h
+   needs to be included instead of expat.h; the build procedure has
+   been taught about this.
+
+ * "make clean" on platforms that cannot compute header dependencies
+   on the fly did not work with implementations of "rm" that do not
+   like an empty argument list.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.1 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+   (merge 0398fc34 pf/editor-ignore-sigint later to maint).
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The initial implementation of this that
+   was merged to 'maint' and 1.8.1.2 was with a severe performance
+   degradations and needs to merge a fix-up topic.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * "git archive" did not parse configuration values in tar.* namespace
+   correctly.
+   (merge b3873c3 jk/config-parsing-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes end up
+   finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * "git fetch --depth" was broken in at least three ways.  The
+   resulting history was deeper than specified by one commit, it was
+   unclear how to wipe the shallowness of the repository with the
+   command, and documentation was misleading.
+   (merge cfb70e1 nd/fetch-depth-is-broken later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --all -p" that walked refs/notes/textconv/ ref can later
+   try to use the textconv data incorrectly after it gets freed.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * The --graph code fell into infinite loop when asked to do what the
+   code did not expect.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a nasty race.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * "git merge --no-edit" computed who were involved in the work done
+   on the side branch, even though that information is to be discarded
+   without getting seen in the editor.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+ * When users spell "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+ * Output from "git status --ignored" showed an unexpected interaction
+   with "--untracked".
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb"'s code to sanitize control characters before passing it to
+   "highlight" filter lost known-to-be-safe control characters by
+   mistake.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * "git push" was taught to refuse updating the branch that is
+   currently checked out long time ago, but the user manual was left
+   stale.
+   (merge 50995ed wk/man-deny-current-branch-is-default-these-days later to maint).
+
+ * Some shells do not behave correctly when IFS is unset; work it
+   around by explicitly setting it to the default value.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+   (cherry-pick 96a4647fca54031974cd6ad1 later to maint).
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * The autoconf subsystem passed --mandir down to generated
+   config.mak.autogen but forgot to do the same for --htmldir.
+   (merge 55d9bf0 ct/autoconf-htmldir later to maint).
+
+ * A change made on v1.8.1.x maintenance track had a nasty regression
+   to break the build when autoconf is used.
+   (merge 7f1b697 jn/less-reconfigure later to maint).
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * t0050 had tests expecting failures from a bug that was fixed some
+   time ago.
+
+ * t4014, t9502 and t0200 tests had various portability issues that
+   broke on OpenBSD.
+
+ * t9020 and t3600 tests had various portability issues.
+
+ * t9200 runs "cvs init" on a directory that already exists, but a
+   platform can configure this fail for the current user (e.g. you
+   need to be in the cvsadmin group on NetBSD 6.0).
+
+ * t9020 and t9810 had a few non-portable shell script construct.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES could be a "logical" pathname
+   that uses a symbolic link to point at somewhere else (e.g. /home/me
+   that points at /net/host/export/home/me, and the latter directory
+   is automounted). Earlier when Git saw such a pathname e.g. /home/me
+   on this environment variable, the "ceiling" mechanism did not take
+   effect. With this release (the fix has also been merged to the
+   v1.8.1.x maintenance series), elements on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+   are by default checked for such aliasing coming from symbolic
+   links. As this needs to actually resolve symbolic links for each
+   element on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES, you can disable this
+   mechanism for some elements by listing them after an empty element
+   on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES. e.g. Setting /home/me::/home/him to
+   GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES makes Git resolve symbolic links in
+   /home/me when checking if the current directory is under /home/me,
+   but does not do so for /home/him.
+   (merge 7ec30aa mh/maint-ceil-absolute later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..986637b755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Git v1.8.3.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. The check has been loosened.
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26ae142c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Git v1.8.3.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Cloning with "git clone --depth N" while fetch.fsckobjects (or
+   transfer.fsckobjects) is set to true did not tell the cut-off
+   points of the shallow history to the process that validates the
+   objects and the history received, causing the validation to fail.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ba4f4da0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git v1.8.3.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs
+   other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in v1.7.11.
+
+ * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
+   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
+
+ * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
+   index.
+
+ * Many "git submodule" operations did not work on a submodule at a
+   path whose name is not in ASCII.
+
+ * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in its error codepath.
+
+ * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
+   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
+   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
+   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
+   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
+   quoting.
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch",
+   e.g. "git log @{u}", we did not say which branch and worse said
+   "branch ''" in the error messages.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+Also contains various minor documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56f106e262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v1.8.3.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+This update is mostly to propagate documentation fixes and test
+updates from the master front back to the maintenance track.
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The bisect log listed incorrect commits when bisection ends with
+   only skipped ones.
+
+ * The test coverage framework was left broken for some time.
+
+ * The test suite for HTTP transport did not run with Apache 2.4.
+
+ * "git diff" used to fail when core.safecrlf is set and the working
+   tree contents had mixed CRLF/LF line endings. Committing such a
+   content must be prohibited, but "git diff" should help the user to
+   locate and fix such problems without failing.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ead568e7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+Git v1.8.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes only the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, and only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  Use the user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set the variable to "matching"
+to keep the traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future
+early, you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.2
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interface
+
+ * remote-hg and remote-bzr helpers (in contrib/ since v1.8.2) have
+   been updated; especially, the latter has been done in an
+   accelerated schedule (read: we may not have merged to this release
+   if we were following the usual "cook sufficiently in next before
+   unleashing it to the world" workflow) in order to help Emacs folks,
+   whose primary SCM seems to be stagnating.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A handful of updates applied to gitk, including an addition of
+   "revert" action, showing dates in tags in a nicer way, making
+   colors configurable, and support for -G'pickaxe' search.
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) learned to
+   show how many changes there are in total and how many have been
+   replayed during a "git rebase" session.
+
+ * "git branch --vv" learned to paint the name of the branch it
+   integrates with in a different color (color.branch.upstream,
+   which defaults to blue).
+
+ * In a sparsely populated working tree, "git checkout <pathspec>" no
+   longer unmarks paths that match the given pathspec that were
+   originally ignored with "--sparse" (use --ignore-skip-worktree-bits
+   option to resurrect these paths out of the index if you really want
+   to).
+
+ * "git log --format" specifier learned %C(auto) token that tells Git
+   to use color when interpolating %d (decoration), %h (short commit
+   object name), etc. for terminal output.
+
+ * "git bisect" leaves the final outcome as a comment in its bisect
+   log file.
+
+ * "git clone --reference" can now refer to a gitfile "textual symlink"
+   that points at the real location of the repository.
+
+ * "git count-objects" learned "--human-readable" aka "-H" option to
+   show various large numbers in Ki/Mi/GiB scaled as necessary.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick $blob" and "git cherry-pick $tree" are nonsense,
+   and a more readable error message e.g. "can't cherry-pick a tree"
+   is given (we used to say "expected exactly one commit").
+
+ * The "--annotate" option to "git send-email" can be turned on (or
+   off) by default with sendemail.annotate configuration variable (you
+   can use --no-annotate from the command line to override it).
+
+ * The "--cover-letter" option to "git format-patch" can be turned on
+   (or off) by default with format.coverLetter configuration
+   variable. By setting it to 'auto', you can turn it on only for a
+   series with two or more patches.
+
+ * The bash completion support (in contrib/) learned that cherry-pick
+   takes a few more options than it already knew about.
+
+ * "git help" learned "-g" option to show the list of guides just like
+   list of commands are given with "-a".
+
+ * A triangular "pull from one place, push to another place" workflow
+   is supported better by new remote.pushdefault (overrides the
+   "origin" thing) and branch.*.pushremote (overrides the
+   branch.*.remote) configuration variables.
+
+ * "git status" learned to report that you are in the middle of a
+   revert session, just like it does for a cherry-pick and a bisect
+   session.
+
+ * The handling by "git branch --set-upstream-to" against various forms
+   of erroneous inputs was suboptimal and has been improved.
+
+ * When the interactive access to git-shell is not enabled, it issues
+   a message meant to help the system administrator to enable it.  An
+   explicit way has been added to issue custom messages to refuse an
+   access over the network to help the end users who connect to the
+   service expecting an interactive shell.
+
+ * In addition to the case where the user edits the log message with
+   the "e)dit" option of "am -i", replace the "Applying: this patch"
+   message with the final log message contents after applymsg hook
+   munges it.
+
+ * "git status" suggests users to look into using --untracked=no option
+   when it takes too long.
+
+ * "git status" shows a bit more information during a rebase/bisect
+   session.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned to fetch a commit at the tip of an unadvertised
+   ref by specifying a raw object name from the command line when the
+   server side supports this feature.
+
+ * Output from "git log --graph" works better with submodule log
+   output now.
+
+ * "git count-objects -v" learned to report leftover temporary
+   packfiles and other garbage in the object store.
+
+ * A new read-only credential helper (in contrib/) to interact with
+   the .netrc/.authinfo files has been added.
+
+ * "git send-email" can be used with the credential helper system.
+
+ * There was no Porcelain way to say "I no longer am interested in
+   this submodule", once you express your interest in a submodule with
+   "submodule init".  "submodule deinit" is the way to do so.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" learned to pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * The new "--follow-tags" option tells "git push" to push relevant
+   annotated tags when pushing branches out.
+
+ * "git merge" and "git pull" can optionally be told to inspect and
+   reject when merging a commit that does not carry a trusted GPG
+   signature.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now feeds files to the "p4merge" backend in the
+   order that matches the p4 convention, where "theirs" is usually
+   shown on the left side, which is the opposite from what other backends
+   expect.
+
+ * "show/log" now honors gpg.program configuration just like other
+   parts of the code that use GnuPG.
+
+ * "git log" that shows the difference between the parent and the
+   child has been optimized somewhat.
+
+ * "git difftool" allows the user to write into the temporary files
+   being shown; if the user makes changes to the working tree at the
+   same time, it now refrains from overwriting the copy in the working
+   tree and leaves the temporary file so that changes can be merged
+   manually.
+
+ * There was no good way to ask "I have a random string that came from
+   outside world. I want to turn it into a 40-hex object name while
+   making sure such an object exists".  A new peeling suffix ^{object}
+   can be used for that purpose, together with "rev-parse --verify".
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Updates for building under msvc.
+
+ * A handful of issues in the code that traverses the working tree to find
+   untracked and/or ignored files have been fixed, and the general
+   codepath involved in "status -u" and "clean" have been cleaned up
+   and optimized.
+
+ * The stack footprint of some codepaths that access an object from a
+   pack has been shrunk.
+
+ * The logic to coalesce the same lines removed from the parents in
+   the output from "diff -c/--cc" has been updated, but with O(n^2)
+   complexity, so this might turn out to be undesirable.
+
+ * The code to enforce permission bits on files in $GIT_DIR/ for
+   shared repositories has been simplified.
+
+ * A few codepaths know how much data they need to put in the
+   hashtables they use when they start, but still began with small tables
+   and repeatedly grew and rehashed them.
+
+ * The API to walk reflog entries from the latest to older, which was
+   necessary for operations such as "git checkout -", was cumbersome
+   to use correctly and also inefficient.
+
+ * Codepaths that inspect log-message-to-be and decide when to add a
+   new Signed-off-by line in various commands have been consolidated.
+
+ * The pkt-line API, implementation and its callers have been cleaned
+   up to make them more robust.
+
+ * The Cygwin port has a faster-but-lying lstat(2) emulation whose
+   incorrectness does not matter in practice except for a few
+   codepaths, and setting permission bits on directories is a codepath
+   that needs to use a more correct one.
+
+ * "git checkout" had repeated pathspec matches on the same paths,
+   which have been consolidated.  Also a bug in "git checkout dir/"
+   that is started from an unmerged index has been fixed.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.2 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Recent versions of File::Temp (used by "git svn") started blowing
+   up when its tempfile sub is called as a class method; updated the
+   callsite to call it as a plain vanilla function to fix it.
+   (merge eafc2dd hb/git-pm-tempfile later to maint).
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git remote" simply ignored extraneous
+   command line arguments instead of diagnosing them as errors.
+
+ * When receive-pack detects an error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hung
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that the '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and a
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * When "upload-pack" fails while generating a pack in response to
+   "git fetch" (or "git clone"), the receiving side had
+   a programming error that triggered the die handler
+   recursively.
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a huge
+   problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these names in
+   error output.
+
+ * Smart-capable HTTP servers were not restricted via the
+   GIT_NAMESPACE mechanism when talking with commit-walking clients,
+   like they are when talking with smart HTTP clients.
+   (merge 6130f86 jk/http-dumb-namespaces later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-tree" did not omit a merge result that is identical to
+   the "our" side in certain cases.
+   (merge aacecc3 jk/merge-tree-added-identically later to maint).
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (instead of redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   A later open may return file descriptor #2 for an unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into it.
+
+ * "git show-branch" was not prepared to show a very long run of
+   ancestor operators e.g. foobar^2~2^2^2^2...^2~4 correctly.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" is also understood as "git diff
+   --diff-algorithm=algo".
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied in a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git bundle" erroneously bailed out when parsing a valid bundle
+   containing a prerequisite commit without a commit message.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor the --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * When used with the "-d temporary-directory" option, "git filter-branch"
+   failed to come back to the original working tree to perform the
+   final clean-up procedure.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special-case tag merging.
+
+ * Fix a 1.8.1.x regression that stopped matching "dir" (without a
+   trailing slash) to a directory "dir".
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) did not notice
+   when we are in a middle of a "git revert" session.
+
+ * "submodule summary --summary-limit" option did not support the
+   "--option=value" form.
+
+ * "index-pack --fix-thin" used an uninitialized value to compute
+   the delta depths of objects it appends to the resulting pack.
+
+ * "index-pack --verify-stat" used a few counters outside the protection
+   of a mutex, possibly showing incorrect numbers.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems could get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and would loop forever.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside the refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to ls-remote and fetch with recent versions of Git.
+
+ * Recent optimizations broke shallow clones.
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. neither overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git p4" did not behave well when the path to the root of the P4
+   client was not its real path.
+   (merge bbd8486 pw/p4-symlinked-root later to maint).
+
+ * "git archive" reported a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It is more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii string in header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of the string.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" was treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", the REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those refs that match the given pattern.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to the pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit sideways, bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect to SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters.  It now issues errors in many cases.
+
+ * Verification of signed tags was not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that is a common alternative
+   spelling of UTF-8.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded an incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort the messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segments in numeric order and non-numeric segments in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96090ef599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Git v1.8.4.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+ * Some old versions of bash do not grok some constructs like
+   'printf -v varname' which the prompt and completion code started
+   to use recently.  The completion and prompt scripts have been
+   adjusted to work better with these old versions of bash.
+
+ * In FreeBSD's and NetBSD's "sh", a return in a dot script in a
+   function returns from the function, not only in the dot script,
+   breaking "git rebase" on these platforms (regression introduced
+   in 1.8.4-rc1).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" and other scripted commands were feeding a
+   random, data dependant error message to 'echo' and expecting it
+   to come out literally.
+
+ * Setting the "submodule.<name>.path" variable to the empty
+   "true" caused the configuration parser to segfault.
+
+ * Output from "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" looked strange
+   because comparison was done with the previous ancestor that
+   touched the specified <pathspec>, causing the patches for paths
+   outside the pathspec to show more than the single commit has
+   changed.
+
+ * The auto-tag-following code in "git fetch" tries to reuse the
+   same transport twice when the serving end does not cooperate and
+   does not give tags that point to commits that are asked for as
+   part of the primary transfer.  Unfortunately, Git-aware transport
+   helper interface is not designed to be used more than once, hence
+   this did not work over smart-http transfer.  Fixed.
+
+ * Send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a smaller but still
+   reasonably large chunks, which would improve the latency when the
+   operation needs to be killed and incidentally works around broken
+   64-bit systems that cannot take a 2GB write or read in one go.
+
+ * A ".mailmap" file that ends with an incomplete line, when read
+   from a blob, was not handled properly.
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+   shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow
+   tags.
+
+ * When send-email comes up with an error message to die with upon
+   failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error
+   string from a wrong place.
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop to cope with short
+   read in the codepath to stream large blobs to a pack.
+
+ * On platforms with fgetc() and friends defined as macros, the
+   configuration parser did not compile.
+
+ * New versions of MediaWiki introduced a new API for returning
+   more than 500 results in response to a query, which would cause
+   the MediaWiki remote helper to go into an infinite loop.
+
+ * Subversion's serf access method (the only one available in
+   Subversion 1.8) for http and https URLs in skelta mode tells its
+   caller to open multiple files at a time, which made "git svn
+   fetch" complain that "Temp file with moniker 'svn_delta' already
+   in use" instead of fetching.
+
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf6fb1a023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+Git v1.8.4.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.1
+--------------------
+
+ * "git clone" gave some progress messages to the standard output, not
+   to the standard error, and did not allow suppressing them with the
+   "--no-progress" option.
+
+ * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit unnecessary in-body
+   from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author.
+
+ * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed
+   commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignore such a commit
+   and keeps going.
+
+ * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command
+   line option correctly.
+
+ * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later
+   that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a
+   local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking from.
+
+ * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree
+   that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but
+   shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which
+   made it unnecessarily inefficient.
+
+ * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history
+   during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the
+   sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent.
+
+ * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side
+   computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as
+   dropped connection.  The server side has been taught to send a
+   small empty messages to keep the connection alive.
+
+ * When the webserver responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git
+   http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with
+   the "Allow" header.
+
+ * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for
+   executable files.
+
+ * The implementation of "add -i" has a crippling code to work around
+   ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git
+   for Windows where MSYS perl is used.
+
+ * We made sure that we notice the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a
+   gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a
+   gitfile.
+
+ * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and then
+   loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to
+   prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to
+   has_sha1_file().
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical
+   "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name
+   from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the
+   preferred author name.
+
+ * The commit object names in the insn sheet that was prepared at the
+   beginning of "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the
+   rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make
+   sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery
+   and as a side effect, left merge summary message in the log, but
+   when rebasing, there should not be a need for merge summary.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character can be
+   configurable while reading its insn sheet.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..267a1b34b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Git v1.8.4.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The interaction between use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL
+   has been clarified a bit.
+
+ * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by
+   quoting them in C style; remote-hg remote helper (in contrib/)
+   forgot to unquote such a path.
+
+ * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git
+   clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch
+   "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess.  A new
+   capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this
+   information so that cloning from a repository with more than one
+   branches pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now
+   reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository.
+
+ * We did not handle cases where http transport gets redirected during
+   the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://).
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave v1.0 tag itself in the
+   output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not.
+
+ * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or
+   committer lines were less robust than ideal in picking up the
+   timestamps.
+
+ * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream
+   were coded in a way not supported by older Bash versions (3.x).
+
+ * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch
+   but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic"
+   branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic"
+   (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not
+   implemented for "git checkout topic --".
+
+ * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy.
+
+ * We did not generate HTML version of documentation to "git subtree"
+   in contrib/.
+
+ * The synopsis section of "git unpack-objects" documentation has been
+   clarified a bit.
+
+ * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server
+   lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with more
+   modern way.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7c1ce15c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Git v1.8.4.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The fix in v1.8.4.3 to the pack transfer protocol to propagate
+   the target of symbolic refs broke "git clone/git fetch" from a
+   repository with too many symbolic refs. As a hotfix/workaround,
+   we transfer only the information on HEAD.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..215bd1a7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Git v1.8.4.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Recent update to remote-hg that attempted to make it work better
+   with non ASCII pathnames fed Unicode strings to the underlying Hg
+   API, which was wrong.
+
+ * "git submodule init" copied "submodule.$name.update" settings from
+   .gitmodules to .git/config without making sure if the suggested
+   value was sensible.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02f681b710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+Git v1.8.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.3
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * Cygwin port has been updated for more recent Cygwin 1.7.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" now honors --strategy and -X options.
+
+ * Git-gui has been updated to its 0.18.0 version.
+
+ * MediaWiki remote helper (in contrib/) has been updated to use the
+   credential helper interface from Git.pm.
+
+ * Update build for Cygwin 1.[57].  Torsten Bögershausen reports that
+   this is fine with Cygwin 1.7 ($gmane/225824) so let's try moving it
+   ahead.
+
+ * The credential helper to talk to keychain on OS X (in contrib/) has
+   been updated to kick in not just when talking http/https but also
+   imap(s) and smtp.
+
+ * Remote transport helper has been updated to report errors and
+   maintain ref hierarchy used to keep track of its own state better.
+
+ * With "export" remote-helper protocol, (1) a push that tries to
+   update a remote ref whose name is different from the pushing side
+   does not work yet, and (2) the helper may not know how to do
+   --dry-run; these problematic cases are disabled for now.
+
+ * git-remote-hg/bzr (in contrib/) updates.
+
+ * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) hints users to check the certificate,
+   when https:// connection failed.
+
+ * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) adds a command to allow previewing the
+   contents locally before pushing it out, when working with a
+   MediaWiki remote.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Sample "post-receive-email" hook script got an enhanced replacement
+   "multimail" (in contrib/).
+
+ * Also in contrib/ is a new "contacts" script that runs "git blame"
+   to find out the people who may be interested in a set of changes.
+
+ * "git clean" command learned an interactive mode.
+
+ * The "--head" option to "git show-ref" was only to add "HEAD" to the
+   list of candidate refs to be filtered by the usual rules
+   (e.g. "--heads" that only show refs under refs/heads).  The meaning
+   of the option has been changed to always show "HEAD" regardless of
+   what filtering will be applied to any other ref.
+
+   This is a backward incompatible change and might cause breakages to
+   people's existing scripts.
+
+ * "git show -s" was less discoverable than it should have been.  It
+   now has a natural synonym "git show --no-patch".
+
+ * "git check-mailmap" is a new command that lets you map usernames
+   and e-mail addresses through the mailmap mechanism, just like many
+   built-in commands do.
+
+ * "git name-rev" learned to name an annotated tag object back to its
+   tagname; "git name-rev $(git rev-parse v1.0.0)" gives "tags/v1.0.0",
+   for example.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=<format>" is added, primarily to allow
+   on-disk footprint of objects in packfiles (often they are a lot
+   smaller than their true size, when expressed as deltas) to be
+   reported.
+
+ * "git rebase [-i]" used to leave just "rebase" as its reflog messages
+   for some operations. They have been reworded to be more informative.
+
+ * In addition to the choice from "rebase, merge, or checkout-detach",
+   "submodule update" can allow a custom command to be used in to
+   update the working tree of submodules via the "submodule.*.update"
+   configuration variable.
+
+ * "git submodule update" can optionally clone the submodule
+   repositories shallowly.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "--from[=whom]" option, which sets the
+   "From: " header to the specified person (or the person who runs the
+   command, if "=whom" part is missing) and move the original author
+   information to an in-body From: header as necessary.
+
+ * The configuration variable "merge.ff" was cleary a tri-state to
+   choose one from "favor fast-forward when possible", "always create
+   a merge even when the history could fast-forward" and "do not
+   create any merge, only update when the history fast-forwards", but
+   the command line parser did not implement the usual convention of
+   "last one wins, and command line overrides the configuration"
+   correctly.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to optionally place extra links that point at the
+   levels higher than the Gitweb pages themselves in the breadcrumbs,
+   so that it can be used as part of a larger installation.
+
+ * "git log --format=" now honors i18n.logoutputencoding configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * The "push.default=simple" mode of "git push" has been updated to
+   behave like "current" without requiring a remote tracking
+   information, when you push to a remote that is different from where
+   you fetch from (i.e. a triangular workflow).
+
+ * Having multiple "fixup!" on a line in the rebase instruction sheet
+   did not work very well with "git rebase -i --autosquash".
+
+ * "git log" learned the "--author-date-order" option, with which the
+   output is topologically sorted and commits in parallel histories
+   are shown intermixed together based on the author timestamp.
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git submodule" refused to run from anywhere
+   other than the top of the working tree of the superproject, but
+   they have been taught to let you run from a subdirectory.
+
+ * "git diff" learned a mode that ignores hunks whose change consists
+   only of additions and removals of blank lines, which is the same as
+   "diff -B" (ignore blank lines) of GNU diff.
+
+ * "git rm" gives a single message followed by list of paths to report
+   multiple paths that cannot be removed.
+
+ * "git rebase" can be told with ":/look for this string" syntax commits
+   to replay the changes onto and where the work to be replayed begins.
+
+ * Many tutorials teach users to set "color.ui" to "auto" as the first
+   thing after you set "user.name/email" to introduce yourselves to
+   Git.  Now the variable defaults to "auto".
+
+ * On Cygwin, "cygstart" is now recognised as a possible way to start
+   a web browser (used in "help -w" and "instaweb" among others).
+
+ * "git status" learned status.branch and status.short configuration
+   variables to use --branch and --short options by default (override
+   with --no-branch and --no-short options from the command line).
+
+ * "git cmd <name>", when <name> happens to be a 40-hex string,
+   directly uses the 40-hex string as an object name, even if a ref
+   "refs/<some hierarchy>/<name>" exists.  This disambiguation order
+   is unlikely to change, but we should warn about the ambiguity just
+   like we warn when more than one refs/ hierarchies share the same
+   name.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option to save local
+   changes instead of refusing to run (to which people's normal
+   response was to stash them and re-run).  This introduced a corner
+   case breakage to "git am --abort" but it has been fixed.
+
+ * "check-ignore" (new feature since 1.8.2) has been updated to work
+   more like "check-attr" over bidi-pipes.
+
+ * "git describe" learned "--first-parent" option to limit its closest
+   tagged commit search to the first-parent chain.
+
+ * "git merge foo" that might have meant "git merge origin/foo" is
+   diagnosed with a more informative error message.
+
+ * "git log -L<line>,<range>:<filename>" has been added.  This may
+   still have leaks and rough edges, though.
+
+ * We used the approxidate() parser for "--expire=<timestamp>" options
+   of various commands, but it is better to treat --expire=all and
+   --expire=now a bit more specially than using the current timestamp.
+   "git gc" and "git reflog" have been updated with a new parsing
+   function for expiry dates.
+
+ * Updates to completion (both bash and zsh) helpers.
+
+ * The behaviour of the "--chain-reply-to" option of "git send-email"
+   have changed at 1.7.0, and we added a warning/advice message to
+   help users adjust to the new behaviour back then, but we kept it
+   around for too long.  The message has finally been removed.
+
+ * "git fetch origin master" unlike "git fetch origin" or "git fetch"
+   did not update "refs/remotes/origin/master"; this was an early
+   design decision to keep the update of remote tracking branches
+   predictable, but in practice it turns out that people find it more
+   convenient to opportunistically update them whenever we have a
+   chance, and we have been updating them when we run "git push" which
+   already breaks the original "predictability" anyway.
+
+ * The configuration variable core.checkstat was advertised in the
+   documentation but the code expected core.statinfo instead.
+   For now, we accept both core.checkstat and core.statinfo, but the
+   latter will be removed in the longer term.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * On Cygwin, we used to use our own lstat(2) emulation that is
+   allegedly faster than the platform one in codepaths where some of
+   the information it returns did not matter, but it started to bite
+   us in a few codepaths where the trick it uses to cheat does show
+   breakages. This emulation has been removed and we use the native
+   lstat(2) emulation supplied by Cygwin now.
+
+ * The function attributes extensions are used to catch mistakes in
+   use of our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end
+   (i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)).
+
+ * The code to allow configuration data to be read from in-tree blob
+   objects is in.  This may help working in a bare repository and
+   submodule updates.
+
+ * Fetching between repositories with many refs employed O(n^2)
+   algorithm to match up the common objects, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The original way to specify remote repository using .git/branches/
+   used to have a nifty feature.  The code to support the feature was
+   still in a function but the caller was changed not to call it 5
+   years ago, breaking that feature and leaving the supporting code
+   unreachable.  The dead code has been removed.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that races with new ref creation or deletion have
+   been susceptible to lossage of refs under right conditions, which
+   has been tightened up.
+
+ * We read loose and packed references in two steps, but after
+   deciding to read a loose ref but before actually opening it to read
+   it, another process racing with us can unlink it, which would cause
+   us to barf.  The codepath has been updated to retry when such a
+   race is detected, instead of outright failing.
+
+ * Uses of the platform fnmatch(3) function (many places in the code,
+   matching pathspec, .gitignore and .gitattributes to name a few)
+   have been replaced with wildmatch, allowing "foo/**/bar" that would
+   match foo/bar, foo/a/bar, foo/a/b/bar, etc.
+
+ * Memory ownership and lifetime rules for what for-each-ref feeds to
+   its callbacks have been clarified (in short, "you do not own it, so
+   make a copy if you want to keep it").
+
+ * The revision traversal logic to improve culling of irrelevant
+   parents while traversing a mergy history has been updated.
+
+ * Some leaks in unpack-trees (used in merge, cherry-pick and other
+   codepaths) have been plugged.
+
+ * The codepath to read from marks files in fast-import/export did not
+   have to accept anything but 40-hex representation of the object
+   name.  Further, fast-export did not need full in-core object
+   representation to have parsed wen reading from them.  These
+   codepaths have been optimized by taking advantage of these access
+   patterns.
+
+ * Object lookup logic, when the object hashtable starts to become
+   crowded, has been optimized.
+
+ * When TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY setting is used, it was handled somewhat
+   inconsistently between the test framework and t/Makefile, and logic
+   to summarize the results looked at a wrong place.
+
+ * "git clone" uses a lighter-weight implementation when making sure
+   that the history behind refs are complete.
+
+ * Many warnings from sparse source checker in compat/ area has been
+   squelched.
+
+ * The code to reading and updating packed-refs file has been updated,
+   correcting corner case bugs.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.3 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Newer Net::SMTP::SSL module does not want the user programs to use
+   the default behaviour to let server certificate go without
+   verification, so by default enable the verification with a
+   mechanism to turn it off if needed.
+   (merge 35035bb rr/send-email-ssl-verify later to maint).
+
+ * When "git" is spawned in such a way that any of the low 3 file
+   descriptors is closed, our first open() may yield file descriptor 2,
+   and writing error message to it would screw things up in a big way.
+   (merge a11c396 tr/protect-low-3-fds later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap mechanism unnecessarily downcased the e-mail addresses
+   in the output, and also ignored the human name when it is a single
+   character name.
+   (merge bd23794 jc/mailmap-case-insensitivity later to maint).
+
+ * In two places we did not check return value (expected to be a file
+   descriptor) correctly.
+   (merge a77f106 tr/fd-gotcha-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Logic to auto-detect character encodings in the commit log message
+   did not reject overlong and invalid UTF-8 characters.
+   (merge 81050ac bc/commit-invalid-utf8 later to maint).
+
+ * Pass port number as a separate argument when "send-email" initializes
+   Net::SMTP, instead of as a part of the hostname, i.e. host:port.
+   This allows GSSAPI codepath to match with the hostname given.
+   (merge 1a741bf bc/send-email-use-port-as-separate-param later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff" refused to even show difference when core.safecrlf is
+   set to true (i.e. error out) and there are offending lines in the
+   working tree files.
+   (merge 5430bb2 jc/maint-diff-core-safecrlf later to maint).
+
+ * A test that should have failed but didn't revealed a bug that needs
+   to be corrected.
+   (merge 94d75d1 jc/t1512-fix later to maint).
+
+ * An overlong path to a .git directory may have overflown the
+   temporary path buffer used to create a name for lockfiles.
+   (merge 2fbd4f9 mh/maint-lockfile-overflow later to maint).
+
+ * Invocations of "git checkout" used internally by "git rebase" were
+   counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -" to the
+   the user to an unexpected place.
+   (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint).
+
+ * The configuration variable column.ui was poorly documented.
+   (merge 5e62cc1 rr/column-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git name-rev --refs=tags/v*" were forbidden, which was a bit
+   inconvenient (you had to give a pattern to match refs fully, like
+   --refs=refs/tags/v*).
+   (merge 98c5c4a nk/name-rev-abbreviated-refs later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by
+   programs other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in
+   v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintenance tracks.
+
+ * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
+   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
+
+ * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
+   index, and this avoids it.
+
+ * Many "git submodule" operations do not work on a submodule at a
+   path whose name is not in ASCII.
+
+ * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in an error codepath.
+
+ * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
+   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
+   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
+   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
+   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
+   quoting.
+
+ * Call to discard_cache/discard_index (used when we use different
+   contents of the index in-core, in many operations like commit,
+   apply, and merge) used to leak memory that held the array of index
+   entries, which has been plugged.
+   (merge a0fc4db rs/discard-index-discard-array later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", we
+   did not say which branch and worse said "branch ''".
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * Stop installing the git-remote-testpy script that is only used for
+   testing.
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+ * "git clone foo/bar:baz" cannot be a request to clone from a remote
+   over git-over-ssh specified in the scp style.  This case is now
+   detected and clones from a local repository at "foo/bar:baz".
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. Loosen the check.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7236aaf232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v1.8.5.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5
+------------------
+
+ * "git submodule init" copied "submodule.$name.update" settings from
+   .gitmodules to .git/config without making sure if the suggested
+   value was sensible.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ac4984f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v1.8.5.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.1
+--------------------
+
+ * "git diff -- ':(icase)makefile'" was unnecessarily rejected at the
+   command line parser.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=ok" did not check the existence of
+   the named object.
+
+ * "git am --abort" sometimes complained about not being able to write
+   a tree with an 0{40} object in it.
+
+ * Two processes creating loose objects at the same time could have
+   failed unnecessarily when the name of their new objects started
+   with the same byte value, due to a race condition.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3de2dd0f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Git v1.8.5.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The "--[no-]informative-errors" options to "git daemon" were parsed
+   a bit too loosely, allowing any other string after these option
+   names.
+
+ * A "gc" process running as a different user should be able to stop a
+   new "gc" process from starting.
+
+ * An earlier "clean-up" introduced an unnecessary memory leak to the
+   credential subsystem.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+ * "git rev-parse <revs> -- <paths>" did not implement the usual
+   disambiguation rules the commands in the "git log" family used in
+   the same way.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch=", an admittedly useless command, did not
+   behave very well.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d18c40389e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+Git v1.8.5.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git fetch --depth=0" was a no-op, and was silently ignored.
+   Diagnose it as an error.
+
+ * Remote repository URL expressed in scp-style host:path notation are
+   parsed more carefully (e.g. "foo/bar:baz" is local, "[::1]:/~user" asks
+   to connect to user's home directory on host at address ::1.
+
+ * SSL-related options were not passed correctly to underlying socket
+   layer in "git send-email".
+
+ * "git commit -v" appends the patch to the log message before
+   editing, and then removes the patch when the editor returned
+   control. However, the patch was not stripped correctly when the
+   first modified path was a submodule.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+ * When we figure out how many file descriptors to allocate for
+   keeping packfiles open, a system with non-working getrlimit() could
+   cause us to die(), but because we make this call only to get a
+   rough estimate of how many is available and we do not even attempt
+   to use up all file descriptors available ourselves, it is nicer to
+   fall back to a reasonable low value rather than dying.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not handle a tag pointed by another tag
+   nicely.
+
+ * "git add -A" (no other arguments) in a totally empty working tree
+   used to emit an error.
+
+ * There is no reason to have a hardcoded upper limit of the number of
+   parents for an octopus merge, created via the graft mechanism, but
+   there was.
+
+ * The implementation of 'git stash $cmd "stash@{...}"' did not quote
+   the stash argument properly and left it split at IFS whitespace.
+
+ * The documentation to "git pull" hinted there is an "-m" option
+   because it incorrectly shared the documentation with "git merge".
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9191ce948f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Git v1.8.5.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.4
+--------------------
+
+ * The pathspec matching code, while comparing two trees (e.g. "git
+   diff A B -- path1 path2") was too aggressive and failed to match
+   some paths when multiple pathspecs were involved.
+
+ * "git repack --max-pack-size=8g" stopped being parsed correctly when
+   the command was reimplemented in C.
+
+ * A recent update to "git send-email" broke platforms where
+   /etc/ssl/certs/ directory exists but cannot be used as SSL_ca_path
+   (e.g. Fedora rawhide).
+
+ * A handful of bugs around interpreting $branch@{upstream} notation
+   and its lookalike, when $branch part has interesting characters,
+   e.g. "@", and ":", have been fixed.
+
+ * "git clone" would fail to clone from a repository that has a ref
+   directly under "refs/", e.g. "refs/stash", because different
+   validation paths do different things on such a refname.  Loosen the
+   client side's validation to allow such a ref.
+
+ * "git log --left-right A...B" lost the "leftness" of commits
+   reachable from A when A is a tag as a side effect of a recent
+   bugfix.  This is a regression in 1.8.4.x series.
+
+ * "git merge-base --octopus" used to leave cleaning up suboptimal
+   result to the caller, but now it does the clean-up itself.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92ff92b1e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v1.8.5.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.5
+--------------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..602df0cac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+Git v1.8.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics, which pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0.  For a long
+time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under
+refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless
+it is told otherwise with its --prefix option.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.4
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * "git-svn" has been taught to use the serf library, which is the
+   only option SVN 1.8.0 offers us when talking the HTTP protocol.
+
+ * "git-svn" talking over an https:// connection using the serf library
+   dumped core due to a bug in the serf library that SVN uses.  Work
+   around it on our side, even though the SVN side is being fixed.
+
+ * On MacOS X, we detected if the filesystem needs the "pre-composed
+   unicode strings" workaround, but did not automatically enable it.
+   Now we do.
+
+ * remote-hg remote helper misbehaved when interacting with a local Hg
+   repository relative to the home directory, e.g. "clone hg::~/there".
+
+ * imap-send ported to OS X uses Apple's security framework instead of
+   OpenSSL's.
+
+ * "git fast-import" treats an empty path given to "ls" as the root of
+   the tree.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * xdg-open can be used as a browser backend for "git web-browse"
+   (hence to show "git help -w" output), when available.
+
+ * "git grep" and "git show" pay attention to the "--textconv" option
+   when these commands are told to operate on blob objects (e.g. "git
+   grep -e pattern --textconv HEAD:Makefile").
+
+ * "git replace" helper no longer allows an object to be replaced with
+   another object of a different type to avoid confusion (you can
+   still manually craft such a replacement using "git update-ref", as an
+   escape hatch).
+
+ * "git status" no longer prints the dirty status information of
+   submodules for which submodule.$name.ignore is set to "all".
+
+ * "git rebase -i" honours core.abbrev when preparing the insn sheet
+   for editing.
+
+ * "git status" during a cherry-pick shows which original commit is
+   being picked.
+
+ * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now,
+   e.g. "git log @".
+
+ * "git check-ignore" follows the same rule as "git add" and "git
+   status" in that the ignore/exclude mechanism does not take effect
+   on paths that are already tracked.  With the "--no-index" option, it
+   can be used to diagnose which paths that should have been ignored
+   have been mistakenly added to the index.
+
+ * Some irrelevant "advice" messages that are shared with "git status"
+   output have been removed from the commit log template.
+
+ * "update-refs" learned a "--stdin" option to read multiple update
+   requests and perform them in an all-or-none fashion.
+
+ * Just like "make -C <directory>", "git -C <directory> ..." tells Git
+   to go there before doing anything else.
+
+ * Just like "git checkout -" knows to check out, and "git merge -"
+   knows to merge, the branch you were previously on, "git cherry-pick"
+   now understands "git cherry-pick -" to pick from the previous
+   branch.
+
+ * "git status" now omits the prefix to make its output a comment in a
+   commit log editor, which is not necessary for human consumption.
+   Scripts that parse the output of "git status" are advised to use
+   "git status --porcelain" instead, as its format is stable and easier
+   to parse.
+
+ * The ref syntax "foo^{tag}" (with the literal string "{tag}") peels a
+   tag ref to itself, i.e. it's a no-op., and fails if
+   "foo" is not a tag.  "git rev-parse --verify v1.0^{tag}" is
+   a more convenient way than "test $(git cat-file -t v1.0) = tag" to
+   check if v1.0 is a tag.
+
+ * "git branch -v -v" (and "git status") did not distinguish among a
+   branch that is not based on any other branch, a branch that is in
+   sync with its upstream branch, and a branch that is configured with an
+   upstream branch that no longer exists.
+
+ * Earlier we started rejecting any attempt to add the 0{40} object name to
+   the index and to tree objects, but it sometimes is necessary to
+   allow this to be able to use tools like filter-branch to correct such
+   broken tree objects.  "filter-branch" can again be used to do this.
+
+ * "git config" did not provide a way to set or access numbers larger
+   than a native "int" on the platform; it now provides 64-bit signed
+   integers on all platforms.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" always chose to do the bog-standard flattening
+   rebase.  You can tell it to run "rebase --preserve-merges" with
+   "git pull --rebase=preserve" or by
+   setting "pull.rebase" configuration to "preserve".
+
+ * "git push --no-thin" actually disables the "thin pack transfer"
+   optimization.
+
+ * Magic pathspecs like ":(icase)makefile" (matches both Makefile
+   and makefile) and ":(glob)foo/**/bar" (matches "bar" in "foo"
+   and any subdirectory of "foo") can be used in more places.
+
+ * The "http.*" variables can now be specified for individual URLs.
+   For example,
+
+   [http]
+       sslVerify = true
+   [http "https://weak.example.com/"]
+       sslVerify = false
+
+   would flip http.sslVerify off only when talking to that specific
+   site.
+
+ * "git mv A B" when moving a submodule has been taught to
+   relocate the submodule's working tree and to adjust the paths in the
+   .gitmodules file.
+
+ * "git blame" can now take more than one -L option to discover the
+   origin of multiple blocks of lines.
+
+ * The http transport clients can optionally ask to save cookies
+   with the http.savecookies configuration variable.
+
+ * "git push" learned a more fine grained control over a blunt
+   "--force" when requesting a non-fast-forward update with the
+   "--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expected object name>" option.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-filter=<classes of changes>" can now take
+   lowercase letters (e.g. "--diff-filter=d") to mean "show
+   everything but these classes".  "git diff-files -q" is now a
+   deprecated synonym for "git diff-files --diff-filter=d".
+
+ * "git fetch" (hence "git pull" as well) learned to check
+   "fetch.prune" and "remote.*.prune" configuration variables and
+   to behave as if the "--prune" command line option was given.
+
+ * "git check-ignore -z" applied the NUL termination to both its input
+   (with --stdin) and its output, but "git check-attr -z" ignored the
+   option on the output side. Make both honor -z on the input and
+   output side the same way.
+
+ * "git whatchanged" may still be used by old timers, but mention of
+   it in documents meant for new users will only waste readers' time
+   wondering what the difference is between it and "git log".  Make it
+   less prominent in the general part of the documentation and explain
+   that it is merely a "git log" with different default behaviour in
+   its own document.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" when asking for merely the object name does not
+   have to parse the object pointed at by the refs; the codepath has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The HTTP transport will try to use TCP keepalive when able.
+
+ * "git repack" is now written in C.
+
+ * Build procedure for MSVC has been updated.
+
+ * If a build-time fallback is set to "cat" instead of "less", we
+   should apply the same "no subprocess or pipe" optimization as we
+   apply to user-supplied GIT_PAGER=cat.
+
+ * Many commands use a --dashed-option as an operation mode selector
+   (e.g. "git tag --delete") that excludes other operation modes
+   (e.g. "git tag --delete --verify" is nonsense) and that cannot be
+   negated (e.g. "git tag --no-delete" is nonsense).  The parse-options
+   API learned a new OPT_CMDMODE macro to make it easier to implement
+   such a set of options.
+
+ * OPT_BOOLEAN() in the parse-options API was misdesigned to be "counting
+   up" but many subcommands expect it to behave as "on/off". Update
+   them to use OPT_BOOL() which is a proper boolean.
+
+ * "git gc" exits early without doing any work when it detects
+   that another instance of itself is already running.
+
+ * Under memory pressure and/or file descriptor pressure, we used to
+   close pack windows that are not used and also closed filehandles to
+   open but unused packfiles. These are now controlled separately
+   to better cope with the load.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.4 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' notes for
+details).
+
+ * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server
+   lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with a more
+   modern way.
+   (merge 6d52bc3 sc/doc-howto-dumb-http later to maint).
+
+ * The interaction between the use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL
+   has been clarified a bit.
+   (merge f8fc0ee jn/test-prereq-perl-doc later to maint).
+
+ * The synopsis section of the "git unpack-objects" documentation has been
+   clarified a bit.
+   (merge 61e2e22 vd/doc-unpack-objects later to maint).
+
+ * We did not generate the HTML version of the documentation to "git subtree"
+   in contrib/.
+   (merge 95c62fb jk/subtree-install-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by
+   quoting them in C style; the remote-hg remote helper forgot to unquote
+   such a path.
+   (merge 1136265 ap/remote-hg-unquote-cquote later to maint).
+
+ * "git reset -p HEAD" has a codepath to special-case it to behave
+   differently from resetting to contents of other commits, but a
+   recent change broke it.
+
+ * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy.
+   (merge 339c17b hn/log-graph-color-octopus later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch
+   but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic"
+   branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic"
+   (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not
+   implemented for "git checkout topic --".
+   (merge bca3969 mm/checkout-auto-track-fix later to maint).
+
+ * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git
+   clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch
+   "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess.  A new
+   capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this
+   information so that cloning from a repository with more than one
+   branch pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now
+   reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository.
+   (merge 360a326 jc/upload-pack-send-symref later to maint).
+
+ * We did not handle cases where the http transport gets redirected during
+   the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://).
+   (merge 70900ed jk/http-auth-redirects later to maint).
+
+ * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream
+   was coded in a way unsupported by older Bash versions (3.x).
+   (merge 52ec889 sg/prompt-svn-remote-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or
+   committer lines was less robust than ideal in picking up the
+   timestamps.
+   (merge 03818a4 jk/split-broken-ident later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave the v1.0 tag itself in the
+   output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not.
+   (merge 895c5ba jc/revision-range-unpeel later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone" wrote some progress messages to standard output, not
+   to standard error, and did not suppress them with the
+   --no-progress option.
+   (merge 643f918 jk/clone-progress-to-stderr later to maint).
+
+ * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit an unnecessary in-body
+   from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author.
+   (merge 662cc30 jk/format-patch-from later to maint).
+
+ * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed
+   commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignores such a commit
+   and keeps going.
+   (merge cd4f09e jk/shortlog-tolerate-broken-commit later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command
+   line option correctly.
+   (merge 6562928 jk/diff-algo later to maint).
+
+ * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side
+   computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as
+   dropped connection.  The server side has been taught to send a
+   small empty messages to keep the connection alive.
+   (merge 115dedd jk/upload-pack-keepalive later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase" had a portability regression in v1.8.4 that triggered a
+   bug in some BSD shell implementations.
+   (merge 99855dd mm/rebase-continue-freebsd-WB later to maint).
+
+ * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later
+   that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a
+   local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking.
+   (merge b0f49ff jh/checkout-auto-tracking later to maint).
+
+ * When the web server responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git
+   http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with
+   the "Allow" header.
+   (merge 9247be0 bc/http-backend-allow-405 later to maint).
+
+ * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history
+   during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the
+   sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent.
+   (merge f21d2a7 nd/fetch-into-shallow later to maint).
+
+ * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for
+   executable files.
+   (merge 1b48d56 jc/cvsserver-perm-bit-fix later to maint).
+
+ * When send-email obtains an error message to die with upon
+   failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error string
+   from a wrong place.
+   (merge 6cb0c88 bc/send-email-ssl-die-message-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The implementation of "add -i" has some crippling code to work around an
+   ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git
+   for Windows where MSYS perl is used.
+   (merge df17e77 js/add-i-mingw later to maint).
+
+ * We made sure that we notice when the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a
+   gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a
+   gitfile.
+   (merge 487a2b7 nd/git-dir-pointing-at-gitfile later to maint).
+
+ * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and the
+   loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to
+   prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to
+   has_sha1_file().
+   (merge 45e8a74 jk/has-sha1-file-retry-packed later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical
+   "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name
+   from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the
+   preferred author name.
+   (merge ea16794 ap/commit-author-mailmap later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree
+   that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but
+   shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which
+   made it unnecessarily inefficient.
+   (merge 680be04 jc/ls-files-killed-optim later to maint).
+
+ * The shortened commit object names in the insn sheet that is prepared at the
+   beginning of a "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the
+   rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make
+   sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names.
+   (merge 75c6976 es/rebase-i-no-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery
+   and as a side effect left the merge summary message in the log, but
+   when rebasing there is no need for the merge summary.
+   (merge a9f739c rt/rebase-p-no-merge-summary later to maint).
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop around it to cope with short
+   reads in the codepath to stream new contents to a pack.
+   (merge e92527c js/xread-in-full later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character is
+   configurable while reading its insn sheet.
+   (merge 7bca7af es/rebase-i-respect-core-commentchar later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap support code read past the allocated buffer when the
+   mailmap file ended with an incomplete line.
+   (merge f972a16 jk/mailmap-incomplete-line later to maint).
+
+ * We used to send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a single
+   system call, which was bad from the latency point of view when
+   the operation needs to be killed, and also triggered an error on
+   broken 64-bit systems that refuse to read or write more than 2GB
+   in one go.
+   (merge a487916 sp/clip-read-write-to-8mb later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" that auto-followed tags incorrectly reused the
+   connection with Git-aware transport helper (like the sample "ext::"
+   helper shipped with Git).
+   (merge 0f73f8b jc/transport-do-not-use-connect-twice-in-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" showed a huge diff for paths
+   outside the given <pathspec> for each commit, instead of showing
+   the change relative to the parent of the commit.  "git reflog -p"
+   had a similar problem.
+   (merge 838f9a1 tr/log-full-diff-keep-true-parents later to maint).
+
+ * Setting a submodule.*.path configuration variable to true (without
+   giving "= value") caused Git to segfault.
+   (merge 4b05440 jl/some-submodule-config-are-not-boolean later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" (there could be others, as the root cause is pretty
+   generic) fed a random, data dependent string to 'echo' and
+   expected it to come out literally, corrupting its error message.
+   (merge 89b0230 mm/no-shell-escape-in-die-message later to maint).
+
+ * Some people still use rather old versions of bash, which cannot
+   grok some constructs like 'printf -v varname' which the prompt and
+   completion code started to use recently.
+   (merge a44aa69 bc/completion-for-bash-3.0 later to maint).
+
+ * Code to read configuration from a blob object did not compile on
+   platforms with fgetc() etc. implemented as macros.
+   (merge 49d6cfa hv/config-from-blob later to maint-1.8.3).
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+   shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow tags.
+   (merge 6da8bdc nd/fetch-pack-shallow-fix later to maint-1.8.3).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e4b88aa5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+Git v1.9.0 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+"git submodule foreach $cmd $args" used to treat "$cmd $args" the same
+way "ssh" did, concatenating them into a single string and letting the
+shell unquote. Careless users who forget to sufficiently quote $args
+get their argument split at $IFS whitespaces by the shell, and got
+unexpected results due to this. Starting from this release, the
+command line is passed directly to the shell, if it has an argument.
+
+Read-only support for experimental loose-object format, in which users
+could optionally choose to write their loose objects for a short
+while between v1.4.3 and v1.5.3 era, has been dropped.
+
+The meanings of the "--tags" option to "git fetch" has changed; the
+command fetches tags _in addition to_ what is fetched by the same
+command line without the option.
+
+The way "git push $there $what" interprets the $what part given on the
+command line, when it does not have a colon that explicitly tells us
+what ref at the $there repository is to be updated, has been enhanced.
+
+A handful of ancient commands that have long been deprecated are
+finally gone (repo-config, tar-tree, lost-found, and peek-remote).
+
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0.0)
+--------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics, which pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0.  For a long
+time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under
+refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless
+it is told otherwise with its --prefix option.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.5
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * The HTTP transport, when talking GSS-Negotiate, uses "100
+   Continue" response to avoid having to rewind and resend a large
+   payload, which may not be always doable.
+
+ * Various bugfixes to remote-bzr and remote-hg (in contrib/).
+
+ * The build procedure is aware of MirBSD now.
+
+ * Various "git p4", "git svn" and "gitk" updates.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Fetching from a shallowly-cloned repository used to be forbidden,
+   primarily because the codepaths involved were not carefully vetted
+   and we did not bother supporting such usage. This release attempts
+   to allow object transfer out of a shallowly-cloned repository in a
+   more controlled way (i.e. the receiver becomes a shallow repository
+   with a truncated history).
+
+ * Just like we give a reasonable default for "less" via the LESS
+   environment variable, we now specify a reasonable default for "lv"
+   via the "LV" environment variable when spawning the pager.
+
+ * Two-level configuration variable names in "branch.*" and "remote.*"
+   hierarchies, whose variables are predominantly three-level, were
+   not completed by hitting a <TAB> in bash and zsh completions.
+
+ * Fetching a 'frotz' branch with "git fetch", while a 'frotz/nitfol'
+   remote-tracking branch from an earlier fetch was still there, would
+   error out, primarily because the command was not told that it is
+   allowed to lose any information on our side.  "git fetch --prune"
+   now can be used to remove 'frotz/nitfol' to make room for fetching and
+   storing the 'frotz' remote-tracking branch.
+
+ * "diff.orderfile=<file>" configuration variable can be used to
+   pretend as if the "-O<file>" option were given from the command
+   line of "git diff", etc.
+
+ * The negative pathspec syntax allows "git log -- . ':!dir'" to tell
+   us "I am interested in everything but 'dir' directory".
+
+ * "git difftool" shows how many different paths there are in total,
+   and how many of them have been shown so far, to indicate progress.
+
+ * "git push origin master" used to push our 'master' branch to update
+   the 'master' branch at the 'origin' repository.  This has been
+   enhanced to use the same ref mapping "git push origin" would use to
+   determine what ref at the 'origin' to be updated with our 'master'.
+   For example, with this configuration
+
+   [remote "origin"]
+      push = refs/heads/*:refs/review/*
+
+   that would cause "git push origin" to push out our local branches
+   to corresponding refs under refs/review/ hierarchy at 'origin',
+   "git push origin master" would update 'refs/review/master' over
+   there.  Alternatively, if push.default is set to 'upstream' and our
+   'master' is set to integrate with 'topic' from the 'origin' branch,
+   running "git push origin" while on our 'master' would update their
+   'topic' branch, and running "git push origin master" while on any
+   of our branches does the same.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to treat ref hierarchies other than refs/heads as
+   if they are additional branch namespaces (e.g. refs/changes/ in
+   Gerrit).
+
+ * "git for-each-ref --format=..." learned a few formatting directives;
+   e.g. "%(color:red)%(HEAD)%(color:reset) %(refname:short) %(subject)".
+
+ * The command string given to "git submodule foreach" is passed
+   directly to the shell, without being eval'ed.  This is a backward
+   incompatible change that may break existing users.
+
+ * "git log" and friends learned the "--exclude=<glob>" option, to
+   allow people to say "list history of all branches except those that
+   match this pattern" with "git log --exclude='*/*' --branches".
+
+ * "git rev-parse --parseopt" learned a new "--stuck-long" option to
+   help scripts parse options with an optional parameter.
+
+ * The "--tags" option to "git fetch" no longer tells the command to
+   fetch _only_ the tags. It instead fetches tags _in addition to_
+   what are fetched by the same command line without the option.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * When parsing a 40-hex string into the object name, the string is
+   checked to see if it can be interpreted as a ref so that a warning
+   can be given for ambiguity. The code kicked in even when the
+   core.warnambiguousrefs is set to false to squelch this warning, in
+   which case the cycles spent to look at the ref namespace were an
+   expensive no-op, as the result was discarded without being used.
+
+ * The naming convention of the packfiles has been updated; it used to
+   be based on the enumeration of names of the objects that are
+   contained in the pack, but now it also depends on how the packed
+   result is represented--packing the same set of objects using
+   different settings (or delta order) would produce a pack with
+   different name.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index" mode used to unnecessarily attempt to read
+   the index when there is one.
+
+ * The deprecated parse-options macro OPT_BOOLEAN has been removed;
+   use OPT_BOOL or OPT_COUNTUP in new code.
+
+ * A few duplicate implementations of prefix/suffix string comparison
+   functions have been unified to starts_with() and ends_with().
+
+ * The new PERLLIB_EXTRA makefile variable can be used to specify
+   additional directories Perl modules (e.g. the ones necessary to run
+   git-svn) are installed on the platform when building.
+
+ * "git merge-base" learned the "--fork-point" mode, that implements
+   the same logic used in "git pull --rebase" to find a suitable fork
+   point out of the reflog entries for the remote-tracking branch the
+   work has been based on.  "git rebase" has the same logic that can be
+   triggered with the "--fork-point" option.
+
+ * A third-party "receive-pack" (the responder to "git push") can
+   advertise the "no-thin" capability to tell "git push" not to use
+   the thin-pack optimization. Our receive-pack has always been
+   capable of accepting and fattening a thin-pack, and will continue
+   not to ask "git push" to use a non-thin pack.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.5 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' notes
+for details).
+
+ * The pathspec matching code, while comparing two trees (e.g. "git
+   diff A B -- path1 path2") was too aggressive and failed to match
+   some paths when multiple pathspecs were involved.
+
+ * "git repack --max-pack-size=8g" stopped being parsed correctly when
+   the command was reimplemented in C.
+
+ * An earlier update in v1.8.4.x to "git rev-list --objects" with
+   negative ref had a performance regression.
+   (merge 200abe7 jk/mark-edges-uninteresting later to maint).
+
+ * A recent update to "git send-email" broke platforms where
+   /etc/ssl/certs/ directory exists but cannot be used as SSL_ca_path
+   (e.g. Fedora rawhide).
+
+ * A handful of bugs around interpreting $branch@{upstream} notation
+   and its lookalike, when $branch part has interesting characters,
+   e.g. "@", and ":", have been fixed.
+
+ * "git clone" would fail to clone from a repository that has a ref
+   directly under "refs/", e.g. "refs/stash", because different
+   validation paths do different things on such a refname.  Loosen the
+   client side's validation to allow such a ref.
+
+ * "git log --left-right A...B" lost the "leftness" of commits
+   reachable from A when A is a tag as a side effect of a recent
+   bugfix.  This is a regression in 1.8.4.x series.
+
+ * documentations to "git pull" hinted there is an "-m" option because
+   it incorrectly shared the documentation with "git merge".
+
+ * "git diff A B submod" and "git diff A B submod/" ought to have done
+   the same for a submodule "submod", but didn't.
+
+ * "git clone $origin foo\bar\baz" on Windows failed to create the
+   leading directories (i.e. a moral-equivalent of "mkdir -p").
+
+ * "submodule.*.update=checkout", when propagated from .gitmodules to
+   .git/config, turned into a "submodule.*.update=none", which did not
+   make much sense.
+   (merge efa8fd7 fp/submodule-checkout-mode later to maint).
+
+ * The implementation of 'git stash $cmd "stash@{...}"' did not quote
+   the stash argument properly and left it split at IFS whitespace.
+
+ * The "--[no-]informative-errors" options to "git daemon" were parsed
+   a bit too loosely, allowing any other string after these option
+   names.
+
+ * There is no reason to have a hardcoded upper limit for the number of
+   parents of an octopus merge, created via the graft mechanism, but
+   there was.
+
+ * The basic test used to leave unnecessary trash directories in the
+   t/ directory.
+   (merge 738a8be jk/test-framework-updates later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-base --octopus" used to leave cleaning up suboptimal
+   result to the caller, but now it does the clean-up itself.
+
+ * A "gc" process running as a different user should be able to stop a
+   new "gc" process from starting, but it didn't.
+
+ * An earlier "clean-up" introduced an unnecessary memory leak.
+
+ * "git add -A" (no other arguments) in a totally empty working tree
+   used to emit an error.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not handle a tag pointed by another tag
+   nicely.
+
+ * When we figure out how many file descriptors to allocate for
+   keeping packfiles open, a system with non-working getrlimit() could
+   cause us to die(), but because we make this call only to get a
+   rough estimate of how many are available and we do not even attempt
+   to use up all available file descriptors ourselves, it is nicer to
+   fall back to a reasonable low value rather than dying.
+
+ * read_sha1_file(), that is the workhorse to read the contents given
+   an object name, honoured object replacements, but there was no
+   corresponding mechanism to sha1_object_info() that was used to
+   obtain the metainfo (e.g. type & size) about the object.  This led
+   callers to weird inconsistencies.
+   (merge 663a856 cc/replace-object-info later to maint).
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch=", an admittedly useless command, did not
+   behave very well.
+
+ * "git rev-parse <revs> -- <paths>" did not implement the usual
+   disambiguation rules the commands in the "git log" family used in
+   the same way.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+ * A workaround to an old bug in glibc prior to glibc 2.17 has been
+   retired; this would remove a side effect of the workaround that
+   corrupts system error messages in non-C locales.
+
+ * SSL-related options were not passed correctly to underlying socket
+   layer in "git send-email".
+
+ * "git commit -v" appends the patch to the log message before
+   editing, and then removes the patch when the editor returned
+   control. However, the patch was not stripped correctly when the
+   first modified path was a submodule.
+
+ * "git fetch --depth=0" was a no-op, and was silently ignored.
+   Diagnose it as an error.
+
+ * Remote repository URLs expressed in scp-style host:path notation are
+   parsed more carefully (e.g. "foo/bar:baz" is local, "[::1]:/~user" asks
+   to connect to user's home directory on host at address ::1.
+
+ * "git diff -- ':(icase)makefile'" was unnecessarily rejected at the
+   command line parser.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=ok" did not check the existence of
+   the named object.
+
+ * "git am --abort" sometimes complained about not being able to write
+   a tree with an 0{40} object in it.
+
+ * Two processes creating loose objects at the same time could have
+   failed unnecessarily when the name of their new objects started
+   with the same byte value, due to a race condition.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b0602053c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Git v1.9.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.0
+------------------
+
+ * "git clean -d pathspec" did not use the given pathspec correctly
+   and ended up cleaning too much.
+
+ * "git difftool" misbehaved when the repository is bound to the
+   working tree with the ".git file" mechanism, where a textual file
+   ".git" tells us where it is.
+
+ * "git push" did not pay attention to branch.*.pushremote if it is
+   defined earlier than remote.pushdefault; the order of these two
+   variables in the configuration file should not matter, but it did
+   by mistake.
+
+ * Codepaths that parse timestamps in commit objects have been
+   tightened.
+
+ * "git diff --external-diff" incorrectly fed the submodule directory
+   in the working tree to the external diff driver when it knew it is
+   the same as one of the versions being compared.
+
+ * "git reset" needs to refresh the index when working in a working
+   tree (it can also be used to match the index to the HEAD in an
+   otherwise bare repository), but it failed to set up the working
+   tree properly, causing GIT_WORK_TREE to be ignored.
+
+ * "git check-attr" when working on a repository with a working tree
+   did not work well when the working tree was specified via the
+   --work-tree (and obviously with --git-dir) option.
+
+ * "merge-recursive" was broken in 1.7.7 era and stopped working in
+   an empty (temporary) working tree, when there are renames
+   involved.  This has been corrected.
+
+ * "git rev-parse" was loose in rejecting command line arguments
+   that do not make sense, e.g. "--default" without the required
+   value for that option.
+
+ * include.path variable (or any variable that expects a path that
+   can use ~username expansion) in the configuration file is not a
+   boolean, but the code failed to check it.
+
+ * "git diff --quiet -- pathspec1 pathspec2" sometimes did not return
+   correct status value.
+
+ * Attempting to deepen a shallow repository by fetching over smart
+   HTTP transport failed in the protocol exchange, when no-done
+   extension was used.  The fetching side waited for the list of
+   shallow boundary commits after the sending end stopped talking to
+   it.
+
+ * Allow "git cmd path/", when the 'path' is where a submodule is
+   bound to the top-level working tree, to match 'path', despite the
+   extra and unnecessary trailing slash (such a slash is often
+   given by command line completion).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47a34ca964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+Git v1.9.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.1
+------------------
+
+ * Documentation and in-code comments had many instances of mistaken
+   use of "nor", which have been corrected.
+
+ * "git fetch --prune", when the right-hand-side of multiple fetch
+   refspecs overlap (e.g. storing "refs/heads/*" to
+   "refs/remotes/origin/*", while storing "refs/frotz/*" to
+   "refs/remotes/origin/fr/*"), aggressively thought that lack of
+   "refs/heads/fr/otz" on the origin site meant we should remove
+   "refs/remotes/origin/fr/otz" from us, without checking their
+   "refs/frotz/otz" first.
+
+   Note that such a configuration is inherently unsafe (think what
+   should happen when "refs/heads/fr/otz" does appear on the origin
+   site), but that is not a reason not to be extra careful.
+
+ * "git update-ref --stdin" did not fail a request to create a ref
+   when the ref already existed.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index -Mq a b" fell into an infinite loop.
+
+ * When it is not necessary to edit a commit log message (e.g. "git
+   commit -m" is given a message without specifying "-e"), we used to
+   disable the spawning of the editor by overriding GIT_EDITOR, but
+   this means all the uses of the editor, other than to edit the
+   commit log message, are also affected.
+
+ * "git status --porcelain --branch" showed its output with labels
+   "ahead/behind/gone" translated to the user's locale.
+
+ * "git mv" that moves a submodule forgot to adjust the array that
+   uses to keep track of which submodules were to be moved to update
+   its configuration.
+
+ * Length limit for the pathname used when removing a path in a deep
+   subdirectory has been removed to avoid buffer overflows.
+
+ * The test helper lib-terminal always run an actual test_expect_*
+   when included, which screwed up with the use of skil-all that may
+   have to be done later.
+
+ * "git index-pack" used a wrong variable to name the keep-file in an
+   error message when the file cannot be written or closed.
+
+ * "rebase -i" produced a broken insn sheet when the title of a commit
+   happened to contain '\n' (or ended with '\c') due to a careless use
+   of 'echo'.
+
+ * There were a few instances of 'git-foo' remaining in the
+   documentation that should have been spelled 'git foo'.
+
+ * Serving objects from a shallow repository needs to write a
+   new file to hold the temporary shallow boundaries but it was not
+   cleaned when we exit due to die() or a signal.
+
+ * When "git stash pop" stops after failing to apply the stash
+   (e.g. due to conflicting changes), the stash is not dropped. State
+   that explicitly in the output to let the users know.
+
+ * The labels in "git status" output that describe the nature of
+   conflicts (e.g. "both deleted") were limited to 20 bytes, which was
+   too short for some l10n (e.g. fr).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17b05ca7b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Git v1.9.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.2
+------------------
+
+ * "git p4" dealing with changes in binary files were broken by a
+   change in 1.9 release.
+
+ * The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND
+   interface, used an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in
+   $PS1.
+
+ * "git rebase" used a POSIX shell construct FreeBSD /bin/sh does not
+   work well with.
+
+ * Some more Unicode codepoints defined in Unicode 6.3 as having
+   zero width have been taught to our display column counting logic.
+
+ * Some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on
+   FreeBSD.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1d1835436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Git v1.9.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.3
+------------------
+
+ * Commands that take pathspecs on the command line misbehaved when
+   the pathspec is given as an absolute pathname (which is a
+   practice not particularly encouraged) that points at a symbolic
+   link in the working tree.
+
+ * An earlier fix to the shell prompt script (in contrib/) for using
+   the PROMPT_COMMAND interface did not correctly check if the extra
+   code path needs to trigger, causing the branch name not to appear
+   when 'promptvars' option is disabled in bash or PROMPT_SUBST is
+   unset in zsh.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d6ac0cf53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v1.9.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.4
+------------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2617372a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+Git v2.0 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default is now the "simple" semantics,
+which pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+You can use the configuration variable "push.default" to change
+this.  If you are an old-timer who wants to keep using the
+"matching" semantics, you can set the variable to "matching", for
+example.  Read the documentation for other possibilities.
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A" are run inside a subdirectory
+without specifying which paths to add on the command line, they
+operate on the entire tree for consistency with "git commit -a" and
+other commands (these commands used to operate only on the current
+subdirectory).  Say "git add -u ." or "git add -A ." if you want to
+limit the operation to the current directory.
+
+"git add <path>" is the same as "git add -A <path>" now, so that
+"git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory and
+record the removal.  In older versions of Git, "git add <path>" used
+to ignore removals.  You can say "git add --ignore-removal <path>" to
+add only added or modified paths in <path>, if you really want to.
+
+The "-q" option to "git diff-files", which does *NOT* mean "quiet",
+has been removed (it told Git to ignore deletion, which you can do
+with "git diff-files --diff-filter=d").
+
+"git request-pull" lost a few "heuristics" that often led to mistakes.
+
+The default prefix for "git svn" has changed in Git 2.0.  For a long
+time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under
+refs/remotes, but it now places them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless
+it is told otherwise with its "--prefix" option.
+
+
+Updates since v1.9 series
+-------------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * The "multi-mail" post-receive hook (in contrib/) has been updated
+   to a more recent version from upstream.
+
+ * The "remote-hg/bzr" remote-helper interfaces (used to be in
+   contrib/) are no more.  They are now maintained separately as
+   third-party plug-ins in their own repositories.
+
+ * "git gc --aggressive" learned "--depth" option and
+   "gc.aggressiveDepth" configuration variable to allow use of a less
+   insane depth than the built-in default value of 250.
+
+ * "git log" learned the "--show-linear-break" option to show where a
+   single strand-of-pearls is broken in its output.
+
+ * The "rev-parse --parseopt" mechanism used by scripted Porcelains to
+   parse command-line options and to give help text learned to take
+   the argv-help (the placeholder string for an option parameter,
+   e.g. "key-id" in "--gpg-sign=<key-id>").
+
+ * The pattern to find where the function begins in C/C++ used in
+   "diff" and "grep -p" has been updated to improve viewing C++
+   sources.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned to interpret a lone "-" as "@{-1}", the
+   branch that we were previously on.
+
+ * "git commit --cleanup=<mode>" learned a new mode, scissors.
+
+ * "git tag --list" output can be sorted using "version sort" with
+   "--sort=version:refname".
+
+ * Discard the accumulated "heuristics" to guess from which branch the
+   result wants to be pulled from and make sure that what the end user
+   specified is not second-guessed by "git request-pull", to avoid
+   mistakes.  When you pushed out your 'master' branch to your public
+   repository as 'for-linus', use the new "master:for-linus" syntax to
+   denote the branch to be pulled.
+
+ * "git grep" learned to behave in a way similar to native grep when
+   "-h" (no header) and "-c" (count) options are given.
+
+ * "git push" via transport-helper interface has been updated to
+   allow forced ref updates in a way similar to the natively
+   supported transports.
+
+ * The "simple" mode is the default for "git push".
+
+ * "git add -u" and "git add -A", when run without any pathspec, is a
+   tree-wide operation even when run inside a subdirectory of a
+   working tree.
+
+ * "git add <path>" is the same as "git add -A <path>" now.
+
+ * "core.statinfo" configuration variable, which is a
+   never-advertised synonym to "core.checkstat", has been removed.
+
+ * The "-q" option to "git diff-files", which does *NOT* mean
+   "quiet", has been removed (it told Git to ignore deletion, which
+   you can do with "git diff-files --diff-filter=d").
+
+ * Server operators can loosen the "tips of refs only" restriction for
+   the remote archive service with the uploadarchive.allowUnreachable
+   configuration option.
+
+ * The progress indicators from various time-consuming commands have
+   been marked for i18n/l10n.
+
+ * "git notes -C <blob>" diagnoses as an error an attempt to use an
+   object that is not a blob.
+
+ * "git config" learned to read from the standard input when "-" is
+   given as the value to its "--file" parameter (attempting an
+   operation to update the configuration in the standard input is
+   rejected, of course).
+
+ * Trailing whitespaces in .gitignore files, unless they are quoted
+   for fnmatch(3), e.g. "path\ ", are warned and ignored.  Strictly
+   speaking, this is a backward-incompatible change, but very unlikely
+   to bite any sane user and adjusting should be obvious and easy.
+
+ * Many commands that create commits, e.g. "pull" and "rebase",
+   learned to take the "--gpg-sign" option on the command line.
+
+ * "git commit" can be told to always GPG sign the resulting commit
+   by setting the "commit.gpgsign" configuration variable to "true"
+   (the command-line option "--no-gpg-sign" should override it).
+
+ * "git pull" can be told to only accept fast-forward by setting the
+   new "pull.ff" configuration variable.
+
+ * "git reset" learned the "-N" option, which does not reset the index
+   fully for paths the index knows about but the tree-ish the command
+   resets to does not (these paths are kept as intend-to-add entries).
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * The compilation options to port to AIX and to MSVC have been
+   updated.
+
+ * We started using wildmatch() in place of fnmatch(3) a few releases
+   ago; complete the process and stop using fnmatch(3).
+
+ * Uses of curl's "multi" interface and "easy" interface do not mix
+   well when we attempt to reuse outgoing connections.  Teach the RPC
+   over HTTP code, used in the smart HTTP transport, not to use the
+   "easy" interface.
+
+ * The bitmap-index feature from JGit has been ported, which should
+   significantly improve performance when serving objects from a
+   repository that uses it.
+
+ * The way "git log --cc" shows a combined diff against multiple
+   parents has been optimized.
+
+ * The prefixcmp() and suffixcmp() functions are gone.  Use
+   starts_with() and ends_with(), and also consider if skip_prefix()
+   suits your needs better when using the former.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.  Many
+of them came from flurry of activities as GSoC candidate microproject
+exercises.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.9 series
+-----------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.9 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git p4" was broken in 1.9 release to deal with changes in binary
+   files.
+   (merge 749b668 cl/p4-use-diff-tree later to maint).
+
+ * The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND
+   interface, used an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in
+   $PS1.
+   (merge 1e4119c8 rh/prompt-pcmode-avoid-eval-on-refname later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase" used a POSIX shell construct FreeBSD's /bin/sh does not
+   work well with.
+   (merge 8cd6596 km/avoid-non-function-return-in-rebase later to maint).
+
+ * zsh prompt (in contrib/) leaked unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * Bash completion (in contrib/) did not complete the refs and remotes
+   correctly given "git pu<TAB>" when "pu" is aliased to "push".
+
+ * Some more Unicode code points, defined in Unicode 6.3 as having zero
+   width, have been taught to our display column counting logic.
+   (merge d813ab9 tb/unicode-6.3-zero-width later to maint).
+
+ * Some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on FreeBSD
+   (merge ff7a1c6 km/avoid-bs-in-shell-glob later to maint).
+   (merge 00764ca km/avoid-cp-a later to maint).
+
+ * "git update-ref --stdin" did not fail a request to create a ref
+   when the ref already existed.
+   (merge b9d56b5 mh/update-ref-batch-create-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --no-index -Mq a b" fell into an infinite loop.
+   (merge ad1c3fb jc/fix-diff-no-index-diff-opt-parse later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch --prune", when the right-hand side of multiple fetch
+   refspecs overlap (e.g. storing "refs/heads/*" to
+   "refs/remotes/origin/*", while storing "refs/frotz/*" to
+   "refs/remotes/origin/fr/*"), aggressively thought that lack of
+   "refs/heads/fr/otz" on the origin site meant we should remove
+   "refs/remotes/origin/fr/otz" from us, without checking their
+   "refs/frotz/otz" first.
+
+   Note that such a configuration is inherently unsafe (think what
+   should happen when "refs/heads/fr/otz" does appear on the origin
+   site), but that is not a reason not to be extra careful.
+   (merge e6f6371 cn/fetch-prune-overlapping-destination later to maint).
+
+ * "git status --porcelain --branch" showed its output with labels
+   "ahead/behind/gone" translated to the user's locale.
+   (merge 7a76c28 mm/status-porcelain-format-i18n-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A stray environment variable $prefix could have leaked into and
+   affected the behaviour of the "subtree" script (in contrib/).
+
+ * When it is not necessary to edit a commit log message (e.g. "git
+   commit -m" is given a message without specifying "-e"), we used to
+   disable the spawning of the editor by overriding GIT_EDITOR, but
+   this means all the uses of the editor, other than to edit the
+   commit log message, are also affected.
+   (merge b549be0 bp/commit-p-editor later to maint).
+
+ * "git mv" that moves a submodule forgot to adjust the array that
+   uses to keep track of which submodules were to be moved to update
+   its configuration.
+   (merge fb8a4e8 jk/mv-submodules-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Length limit for the pathname used when removing a path in a deep
+   subdirectory has been removed to avoid buffer overflows.
+   (merge 2f29e0c mh/remove-subtree-long-pathname-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The test helper lib-terminal always run an actual test_expect_*
+   when included, which screwed up with the use of skil-all that may
+   have to be done later.
+   (merge 7e27173 jk/lib-terminal-lazy later to maint).
+
+ * "git index-pack" used a wrong variable to name the keep-file in an
+   error message when the file cannot be written or closed.
+   (merge de983a0 nd/index-pack-error-message later to maint).
+
+ * "rebase -i" produced a broken insn sheet when the title of a commit
+   happened to contain '\n' (or ended with '\c') due to a careless use
+   of 'echo'.
+   (merge cb1aefd us/printf-not-echo later to maint).
+
+ * There were a few instances of 'git-foo' remaining in the
+   documentation that should have been spelled 'git foo'.
+   (merge 3c3e6f5 rr/doc-merge-strategies later to maint).
+
+ * Serving objects from a shallow repository needs to write a
+   new file to hold the temporary shallow boundaries, but it was not
+   cleaned when we exit due to die() or a signal.
+   (merge 7839632 jk/shallow-update-fix later to maint).
+
+ * When "git stash pop" stops after failing to apply the stash
+   (e.g. due to conflicting changes), the stash is not dropped. State
+   that explicitly in the output to let the users know.
+   (merge 2d4c993 jc/stash-pop-not-popped later to maint).
+
+ * The labels in "git status" output that describe the nature of
+   conflicts (e.g. "both deleted") were limited to 20 bytes, which was
+   too short for some l10n (e.g. fr).
+   (merge c7cb333 jn/wt-status later to maint).
+
+ * "git clean -d pathspec" did not use the given pathspec correctly
+   and ended up cleaning too much.
+   (merge 1f2e108 jk/clean-d-pathspec later to maint).
+
+ * "git difftool" misbehaved when the repository is bound to the
+   working tree with the ".git file" mechanism, where a textual file
+   ".git" tells us where it is.
+   (merge fcfec8b da/difftool-git-files later to maint).
+
+ * "git push" did not pay attention to "branch.*.pushremote" if it is
+   defined earlier than "remote.pushdefault"; the order of these two
+   variables in the configuration file should not matter, but it did
+   by mistake.
+   (merge 98b406f jk/remote-pushremote-config-reading later to maint).
+
+ * Code paths that parse timestamps in commit objects have been
+   tightened.
+   (merge f80d1f9 jk/commit-dates-parsing-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --external-diff" incorrectly fed the submodule directory
+   in the working tree to the external diff driver when it knew that it
+   is the same as one of the versions being compared.
+   (merge aba4727 tr/diff-submodule-no-reuse-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * "git reset" needs to refresh the index when working in a working
+   tree (it can also be used to match the index to the HEAD in an
+   otherwise bare repository), but it failed to set up the working
+   tree properly, causing GIT_WORK_TREE to be ignored.
+   (merge b7756d4 nd/reset-setup-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * "git check-attr" when working on a repository with a working tree
+   did not work well when the working tree was specified via the
+   "--work-tree" (and obviously with "--git-dir") option.
+   (merge cdbf623 jc/check-attr-honor-working-tree later to maint).
+
+ * "merge-recursive" was broken in 1.7.7 era and stopped working in
+   an empty (temporary) working tree, when there are renames
+   involved.  This has been corrected.
+   (merge 6e2068a bk/refresh-missing-ok-in-merge-recursive later to maint.)
+
+ * "git rev-parse" was loose in rejecting command-line arguments
+   that do not make sense, e.g. "--default" without the required
+   value for that option.
+   (merge a43219f ds/rev-parse-required-args later to maint.)
+
+ * "include.path" variable (or any variable that expects a path that
+   can use ~username expansion) in the configuration file is not a
+   boolean, but the code failed to check it.
+   (merge 67beb60 jk/config-path-include-fix later to maint.)
+
+ * Commands that take pathspecs on the command line misbehaved when
+   the pathspec is given as an absolute pathname (which is a
+   practice not particularly encouraged) that points at a symbolic
+   link in the working tree.
+   (merge 6127ff6 mw/symlinks later to maint.)
+
+ * "git diff --quiet -- pathspec1 pathspec2" sometimes did not return
+   the correct status value.
+   (merge f34b205 nd/diff-quiet-stat-dirty later to maint.)
+
+ * Attempting to deepen a shallow repository by fetching over smart
+   HTTP transport failed in the protocol exchange, when the no-done
+   extension was used.  The fetching side waited for the list of
+   shallow boundary commits after the sending side stopped talking to
+   it.
+   (merge 0232852 nd/http-fetch-shallow-fix later to maint.)
+
+ * Allow "git cmd path/", when the 'path' is where a submodule is
+   bound to the top-level working tree, to match 'path', despite the
+   extra and unnecessary trailing slash (such a slash is often
+   given by command-line completion).
+   (merge 2e70c01 nd/submodule-pathspec-ending-with-slash later to maint.)
+
+ * Documentation and in-code comments had many instances of mistaken
+   use of "nor", which have been corrected.
+   (merge 235e8d5 jl/nor-or-nand-and later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce5579db3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+Git v2.0.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * We used to unconditionally disable the pager in the pager process
+   we spawn to feed out output, but that prevented people who want to
+   run "less" within "less" from doing so.
+
+ * Tools that read diagnostic output in our standard error stream do
+   not want to see terminal control sequence (e.g. erase-to-eol).
+   Detect them by checking if the standard error stream is connected
+   to a tty.
+ * Reworded the error message given upon a failure to open an existing
+   loose object file due to e.g. permission issues; it was reported as
+   the object being corrupt, but that is not quite true.
+
+ * "git log -2master" is a common typo that shows two commits starting
+   from whichever random branch that is not 'master' that happens to
+   be checked out currently.
+
+ * The "%<(10,trunc)%s" pretty format specifier in the log family of
+   commands is used to truncate the string to a given length (e.g. 10
+   in the example) with padding to column-align the output, but did
+   not take into account that number of bytes and number of display
+   columns are different.
+
+ * The "mailmap.file" configuration option did not support the tilde
+   expansion (i.e. ~user/path and ~/path).
+
+ * The completion scripts (in contrib/) did not know about quite a few
+   options that are common between "git merge" and "git pull", and a
+   couple of options unique to "git merge".
+
+ * "--ignore-space-change" option of "git apply" ignored the spaces
+   at the beginning of line too aggressively, which is inconsistent
+   with the option of the same name "diff" and "git diff" have.
+
+ * "git blame" miscounted number of columns needed to show localized
+   timestamps, resulting in jaggy left-side-edge of the source code
+   lines in its output.
+
+ * "git blame" assigned the blame to the copy in the working-tree if
+   the repository is set to core.autocrlf=input and the file used CRLF
+   line endings.
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -C $commit" did not work when the
+   commit did not have any log message.
+
+ * "git diff --find-copies-harder" sometimes pretended as if the mode
+   bits have changed for paths that are marked with assume-unchanged
+   bit.
+
+ * "git format-patch" did not enforce the rule that the "--follow"
+   option from the log/diff family of commands must be used with
+   exactly one pathspec.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" was recently changed to run in the background to
+   give control back early to the end-user sitting in front of the
+   terminal, but it forgot that housekeeping involving reflogs should
+   be done without other processes competing for accesses to the refs.
+
+ * "git grep -O" to show the lines that hit in the pager did not work
+   well with case insensitive search.  We now spawn "less" with its
+   "-I" option when it is used as the pager (which is the default).
+
+ * We used to disable threaded "git index-pack" on platforms without
+   thread-safe pread(); use a different workaround for such
+   platforms to allow threaded "git index-pack".
+
+ * The error reporting from "git index-pack" has been improved to
+   distinguish missing objects from type errors.
+
+ * "git mailinfo" used to read beyond the end of header string while
+   parsing an incoming e-mail message to extract the patch.
+
+ * On a case insensitive filesystem, merge-recursive incorrectly
+   deleted the file that is to be renamed to a name that is the same
+   except for case differences.
+
+ * "git pack-objects" unnecessarily copied the previous contents when
+   extending the hashtable, even though it will populate the table
+   from scratch anyway.
+
+ * "git rerere forget" did not work well when merge.conflictstyle
+   was set to a non-default value.
+
+ * "git remote rm" and "git remote prune" can involve removing many
+   refs at once, which is not a very efficient thing to do when very
+   many refs exist in the packed-refs file.
+
+ * "git log --exclude=<glob> --all | git shortlog" worked as expected,
+   but "git shortlog --exclude=<glob> --all", which is supposed to be
+   identical to the above pipeline, was not accepted at the command
+   line argument parser level.
+
+ * The autostash mode of "git rebase -i" did not restore the dirty
+   working tree state if the user aborted the interactive rebase by
+   emptying the insn sheet.
+
+ * "git show -s" (i.e. show log message only) used to incorrectly emit
+   an extra blank line after a merge commit.
+
+ * "git status", even though it is a read-only operation, tries to
+   update the index with refreshed lstat(2) info to optimize future
+   accesses to the working tree opportunistically, but this could
+   race with a "read-write" operation that modify the index while it
+   is running.  Detect such a race and avoid overwriting the index.
+
+ * "git status" (and "git commit") behaved as if changes in a modified
+   submodule are not there if submodule.*.ignore configuration is set,
+   which was misleading.  The configuration is only to unclutter diff
+   output during the course of development, and should not to hide
+   changes in the "status" output to cause the users forget to commit
+   them.
+
+ * The mode to run tests with HTTP server tests disabled was broken.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e8321b2ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Git v2.0.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * Documentation for "git submodule sync" forgot to say that the subcommand
+   can take the "--recursive" option.
+
+ * Mishandling of patterns in .gitignore that has trailing SPs quoted
+   with backslashes (e.g. ones that end with "\ ") have been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Recent updates to "git repack" started to duplicate objects that
+   are in packfiles marked with .keep flag into the new packfile by
+   mistake.
+
+ * "git clone -b brefs/tags/bar" would have mistakenly thought we were
+   following a single tag, even though it was a name of the branch,
+   because it incorrectly used strstr().
+
+ * "%G" (nothing after G) is an invalid pretty format specifier, but
+   the parser did not notice it as garbage.
+
+ * Code to avoid adding the same alternate object store twice was
+   subtly broken for a long time, but nobody seems to have noticed.
+
+ * A handful of code paths had to read the commit object more than
+   once when showing header fields that are usually not parsed.  The
+   internal data structure to keep track of the contents of the commit
+   object has been updated to reduce the need for this double-reading,
+   and to allow the caller find the length of the object.
+
+ * During "git rebase --merge", a conflicted patch could not be
+   skipped with "--skip" if the next one also conflicted.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4047b46bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Git v2.0.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * An ancient rewrite passed a wrong pointer to a curl library
+   function in a rarely used code path.
+
+ * "filter-branch" left an empty single-parent commit that results when
+   all parents of a merge commit gets mapped to the same commit, even
+   under "--prune-empty".
+
+ * "log --show-signature" incorrectly decided the color to paint a
+   mergetag that was and was not correctly validated.
+
+ * "log --show-signature" did not pay attention to "--graph" option.
+
+Also a lot of fixes to the tests and some updates to the docs are
+included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e340921a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.0.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * An earlier update to v2.0.2 broken output from "git diff-tree",
+   which is fixed in this release.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a16f697e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v2.0.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.0.4
+------------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae4753728e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+Git v2.1 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+ * The default value we give to the environment variable LESS has been
+   changed from "FRSX" to "FRX", losing "S" (chop long lines instead
+   of wrapping).  Existing users who prefer not to see line-wrapped
+   output may want to set
+
+     $ git config core.pager "less -S"
+
+   to restore the traditional behaviour.  It is expected that people
+   find output from most subcommands easier to read with the new
+   default, except for "blame" which tends to produce really long
+   lines.  To override the new default only for "git blame", you can
+   do this:
+
+     $ git config pager.blame "less -S"
+
+ * A few disused directories in contrib/ have been retired.
+
+
+Updates since v2.0
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Since the very beginning of Git, we gave the LESS environment a
+   default value "FRSX" when we spawn "less" as the pager.  "S" (chop
+   long lines instead of wrapping) has been removed from this default
+   set of options, because it is more or less a personal taste thing,
+   as opposed to the others that have good justifications (i.e. "R" is
+   very much justified because many kinds of output we produce are
+   colored and "FX" is justified because output we produce is often
+   shorter than a page).
+
+ * The logic and data used to compute the display width needed for
+   UTF-8 strings have been updated to match Unicode 7.0 better.
+
+ * HTTP-based transports learned to better propagate the error messages from
+   the webserver to the client coming over the HTTP transport.
+
+ * The completion script for bash (in contrib/) has been updated to
+   better handle aliases that define a complex sequence of commands.
+
+ * The "core.preloadindex" configuration variable is enabled by default,
+   allowing modern platforms to take advantage of their
+   multiple cores.
+
+ * "git clone" applies the "if cloning from a local disk, physically
+   copy the repository using hardlinks, unless otherwise told not to with
+   --no-local" optimization when the url.*.insteadOf mechanism rewrites a
+   remote-repository "git clone $URL" into a
+   clone from a local disk.
+
+ * "git commit --date=<date>" option learned more
+   timestamp formats, including "--date=now".
+
+ * The `core.commentChar` configuration variable is used to specify a
+   custom comment character (other than the default "#") for
+   the commit message editor.  This can be set to `auto` to attempt to
+   choose a different character that does not conflict with any that
+   already starts a line in the message being edited, for cases like
+   "git commit --amend".
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned --signature-file=<file> to add the contents
+   of a file as a signature to the mail message it produces.
+
+ * "git grep" learned the grep.fullname configuration variable to force
+   "--full-name" to be the default.  This may cause regressions for
+   scripted users who do not expect this new behaviour.
+
+ * "git imap-send" learned to ask the credential helper for auth
+   material.
+
+ * "git log" and friends now understand the value "auto" for the
+   "log.decorate" configuration variable to enable the "--decorate"
+   option automatically when the output is sent to tty.
+
+ * "git merge" without an argument, even when there is an upstream
+   defined for the current branch, refused to run until
+   merge.defaultToUpstream is set to true.  Flip the default of that
+   configuration variable to true.
+
+ * "git mergetool" learned to drive the vimdiff3 backend.
+
+ * mergetool.prompt used to default to 'true', always asking "do you
+   really want to run the tool on this path?".  The default has been
+   changed to 'false'.  However, the prompt will still appear if
+   mergetool used its autodetection system to guess which tool to use.
+   Users who explicitly specify or configure a tool will no longer see
+   the prompt by default.
+
+   Strictly speaking, this is a backward incompatible change and
+   users need to explicitly set the variable to 'true' if they want
+   to be prompted to confirm running the tool on each path.
+
+ * "git replace" learned the "--edit" subcommand to create a
+   replacement by editing an existing object.
+
+ * "git replace" learned a "--graft" option to rewrite the parents of a
+   commit.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned "--to-cover" and "--cc-cover" options, to
+   tell it to copy To: and Cc: headers found in the first input file
+   when emitting later input files.
+
+ * "git svn" learned to cope with malformed timestamps with only one
+   digit in the hour part, e.g. 2014-01-07T5:01:02.048176Z, emitted
+   by some broken subversion server implementations.
+
+ * "git tag" when editing the tag message shows the name of the tag
+   being edited as a comment in the editor.
+
+ * "git tag" learned to pay attention to "tag.sort" configuration, to
+   be used as the default sort order when no --sort=<value> option
+   is given.
+
+ * A new "git verify-commit" command, to check GPG signatures in signed
+   commits, in a way similar to "git verify-tag" is used to check
+   signed tags, was added.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Build procedure for 'subtree' (in contrib/) has been cleaned up.
+
+ * Support for the profile-feedback build, which has
+   bit-rotted for quite a while, has been updated.
+
+ * An experimental format to use two files (the base file and
+   incremental changes relative to it) to represent the index has been
+   introduced; this may reduce I/O cost of rewriting a large index
+   when only small part of the working tree changes.
+
+ * Effort to shrink the size of patches Windows folks maintain on top
+   by upstreaming them continues.  More tests that are not applicable
+   to the Windows environment are identified and either skipped or
+   made more portable.
+
+ * Eradication of "test $condition -a $condition" from our scripts
+   continues.
+
+ * The `core.deltabasecachelimit` used to default to 16 MiB , but this
+   proved to be too small, and has been bumped to 96 MiB.
+
+ * "git blame" has been optimized greatly by reorganising the data
+   structure that is used to keep track of the work to be done.
+
+ * "git diff" that compares 3-or-more trees (e.g. parents and the
+   result of a merge) has been optimized.
+
+ * The API to update/delete references are being converted to handle
+   updates to multiple references in a transactional way.  As an
+   example, "update-ref --stdin [-z]" has been updated to use this
+   API.
+
+ * skip_prefix() and strip_suffix() API functions are used a lot more
+   widely throughout the codebase now.
+
+ * Parts of the test scripts can be skipped by using a range notation,
+   e.g. "sh t1234-test.sh --run='1-4 6 8-'" to omit test piece 5 and 7
+   and run everything else.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.0
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.0 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * We used to unconditionally disable the pager in the pager process
+   we spawn to feed out output, but that prevented people who want to
+   run "less" within "less" from doing so.
+   (merge c0459ca je/pager-do-not-recurse later to maint).
+
+ * Tools that read diagnostic output in our standard error stream do
+   not want to see terminal control sequence (e.g. erase-to-eol).
+   Detect them by checking if the standard error stream is connected
+   to a tty.
+   (merge 38de156 mn/sideband-no-ansi later to maint).
+
+ * Mishandling of patterns in .gitignore that have trailing SPs quoted
+   with backslashes (e.g. ones that end with "\ ") has been
+   corrected.
+   (merge 97c1364be6b pb/trim-trailing-spaces later to maint).
+
+ * Reworded the error message given upon a failure to open an existing
+   loose object file due to e.g. permission issues; it was reported as
+   the object being corrupt, but that is not quite true.
+   (merge d6c8a05 jk/report-fail-to-read-objects-better later to maint).
+
+ * "git log -2master" is a common typo that shows two commits starting
+   from whichever random branch that is not 'master' that happens to
+   be checked out currently.
+   (merge e3fa568 jc/revision-dash-count-parsing later to maint).
+
+ * Code to avoid adding the same alternate object store twice was
+   subtly broken for a long time, but nobody seems to have noticed.
+   (merge 80b4785 rs/fix-alt-odb-path-comparison later to maint).
+   (merge 539e750 ek/alt-odb-entry-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The "%<(10,trunc)%s" pretty format specifier in the log family of
+   commands is used to truncate the string to a given length (e.g. 10
+   in the example) with padding to column-align the output, but did
+   not take into account that number of bytes and number of display
+   columns are different.
+   (merge 7d50987 as/pretty-truncate later to maint).
+
+ * "%G" (nothing after G) is an invalid pretty format specifier, but
+   the parser did not notice it as garbage.
+   (merge 958b2eb jk/pretty-G-format-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * A handful of code paths had to read the commit object more than
+   once when showing header fields that are usually not parsed.  The
+   internal data structure to keep track of the contents of the commit
+   object has been updated to reduce the need for this double-reading,
+   and to allow the caller find the length of the object.
+   (merge 218aa3a jk/commit-buffer-length later to maint).
+
+ * The "mailmap.file" configuration option did not support tilde
+   expansion (i.e. ~user/path and ~/path).
+   (merge 9352fd5 ow/config-mailmap-pathname later to maint).
+
+ * The completion scripts (in contrib/) did not know about quite a few
+   options that are common between "git merge" and "git pull", and a
+   couple of options unique to "git merge".
+   (merge 8fee872 jk/complete-merge-pull later to maint).
+
+ * The unix-domain socket used by the sample credential cache daemon
+   tried to unlink an existing stale one at a wrong path, if the path
+   to the socket was given as an overlong path that does not fit in
+   the sun_path member of the sockaddr_un structure.
+   (merge 2869b3e rs/fix-unlink-unix-socket later to maint).
+
+ * An ancient rewrite passed a wrong pointer to a curl library
+   function in a rarely used code path.
+   (merge 479eaa8 ah/fix-http-push later to maint).
+
+ * "--ignore-space-change" option of "git apply" ignored the spaces
+   at the beginning of lines too aggressively, which is inconsistent
+   with the option of the same name that "diff" and "git diff" have.
+   (merge 14d3bb4 jc/apply-ignore-whitespace later to maint).
+
+ * "git blame" miscounted the number of columns needed to show localized
+   timestamps, resulting in a jaggy left-side-edge for the source code
+   lines in its output.
+   (merge dd75553 jx/blame-align-relative-time later to maint).
+
+ * "git blame" assigned the blame to the copy in the working-tree if
+   the repository is set to core.autocrlf=input and the file used CRLF
+   line endings.
+   (merge 4d4813a bc/blame-crlf-test later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone -b brefs/tags/bar" would have mistakenly thought we were
+   following a single tag, even though it was a name of the branch,
+   because it incorrectly used strstr().
+   (merge 60a5f5f jc/fix-clone-single-starting-at-a-tag later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -C $commit" did not work when the
+   commit did not have any log message.
+   (merge 076cbd6 jk/commit-C-pick-empty later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --find-copies-harder" sometimes pretended as if the mode
+   bits have changed for paths that are marked with the assume-unchanged
+   bit.
+   (merge 5304810 jk/diff-files-assume-unchanged later to maint).
+
+ * "filter-branch" left an empty single-parent commit that results when
+   all parents of a merge commit get mapped to the same commit, even
+   under "--prune-empty".
+   (merge 79bc4ef cb/filter-branch-prune-empty-degenerate-merges later to maint).
+
+ * "git format-patch" did not enforce the rule that the "--follow"
+   option from the log/diff family of commands must be used with
+   exactly one pathspec.
+   (merge dd63f16 jk/diff-follow-must-take-one-pathspec later to maint).
+
+ * "git gc --auto" was recently changed to run in the background to
+   give control back early to the end-user sitting in front of the
+   terminal, but it forgot that housekeeping involving reflogs should
+   be done without other processes competing for accesses to the refs.
+   (merge 62aad18 nd/daemonize-gc later to maint).
+
+ * "git grep -O" to show the lines that hit in the pager did not work
+   well with case insensitive search.  We now spawn "less" with its
+   "-I" option when it is used as the pager (which is the default).
+   (merge f7febbe sk/spawn-less-case-insensitively-from-grep-O-i later to maint).
+
+ * We used to disable threaded "git index-pack" on platforms without
+   thread-safe pread(); use a different workaround for such
+   platforms to allow threaded "git index-pack".
+   (merge 3953949 nd/index-pack-one-fd-per-thread later to maint).
+
+ * The error reporting from "git index-pack" has been improved to
+   distinguish missing objects from type errors.
+   (merge 77583e7 jk/index-pack-report-missing later to maint).
+
+ * "log --show-signature" incorrectly decided the color to paint a
+   mergetag that was and was not correctly validated.
+   (merge 42c55ce mg/fix-log-mergetag-color later to maint).
+
+ * "log --show-signature" did not pay attention to the "--graph" option.
+   (merge cf3983d zk/log-graph-showsig later to maint).
+
+ * "git mailinfo" used to read beyond the ends of header strings while
+   parsing an incoming e-mail message to extract the patch.
+   (merge b1a013d rs/mailinfo-header-cmp later to maint).
+
+ * On a case insensitive filesystem, merge-recursive incorrectly
+   deleted the file that is to be renamed to a name that is the same
+   except for case differences.
+   (merge baa37bf dt/merge-recursive-case-insensitive later to maint).
+
+ * Merging changes into a file that ends in an incomplete line made the
+   last line into a complete one, even when the other branch did not
+   change anything around the end of file.
+   (merge ba31180 mk/merge-incomplete-files later to maint).
+
+ * "git pack-objects" unnecessarily copied the previous contents when
+   extending the hashtable, even though it will populate the table
+   from scratch anyway.
+   (merge fb79947 rs/pack-objects-no-unnecessary-realloc later to maint).
+
+ * Recent updates to "git repack" started to duplicate objects that
+   are in packfiles marked with the .keep flag into the new packfile by
+   mistake.
+   (merge d078d85 jk/repack-pack-keep-objects later to maint).
+
+ * "git rerere forget" did not work well when merge.conflictstyle
+   was set to a non-default value.
+   (merge de3d8bb fc/rerere-conflict-style later to maint).
+
+ * "git remote rm" and "git remote prune" can involve removing many
+   refs at once, which is not a very efficient thing to do when very
+   many refs exist in the packed-refs file.
+   (merge e6bea66 jl/remote-rm-prune later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --exclude=<glob> --all | git shortlog" worked as expected,
+   but "git shortlog --exclude=<glob> --all", which is supposed to be
+   identical to the above pipeline, was not accepted at the command
+   line argument parser level.
+   (merge eb07774 jc/shortlog-ref-exclude later to maint).
+
+ * The autostash mode of "git rebase -i" did not restore the dirty
+   working tree state if the user aborted the interactive rebase by
+   emptying the insn sheet.
+   (merge ddb5432 rr/rebase-autostash-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --fork-point" did not filter out patch-identical
+   commits correctly.
+
+ * During "git rebase --merge", a conflicted patch could not be
+   skipped with "--skip" if the next one also conflicted.
+   (merge 95104c7 bc/fix-rebase-merge-skip later to maint).
+
+ * "git show -s" (i.e. show log message only) used to incorrectly emit
+   an extra blank line after a merge commit.
+   (merge ad2f725 mk/show-s-no-extra-blank-line-for-merges later to maint).
+
+ * "git status", even though it is a read-only operation, tries to
+   update the index with refreshed lstat(2) info to optimize future
+   accesses to the working tree opportunistically, but this could
+   race with a "read-write" operation that modifies the index while it
+   is running.  Detect such a race and avoid overwriting the index.
+   (merge 426ddee ym/fix-opportunistic-index-update-race later to maint).
+
+ * "git status" (and "git commit") behaved as if changes in a modified
+   submodule are not there if submodule.*.ignore configuration is set,
+   which was misleading.  The configuration is only to unclutter diff
+   output during the course of development, and not to hide
+   changes in the "status" output to cause the users forget to commit
+   them.
+   (merge c215d3d jl/status-added-submodule-is-never-ignored later to maint).
+
+ * Documentation for "git submodule sync" forgot to say that the subcommand
+   can take the "--recursive" option.
+   (merge 9393ae7 mc/doc-submodule-sync-recurse later to maint).
+
+ * "git update-index --cacheinfo" in 2.0 release crashed on a
+   malformed command line.
+   (merge c8e1ee4 jc/rev-parse-argh-dashed-multi-words later to maint).
+
+ * The mode to run tests with HTTP server tests disabled was broken.
+   (merge afa53fe na/no-http-test-in-the-middle later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..830fc3cc6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Git v2.1.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * Git 2.0 had a regression where "git fetch" into a shallowly
+   cloned repository from a repository with bitmap object index
+   enabled did not work correctly.  This has been corrected.
+
+ * Git 2.0 had a regression which broke (rarely used) "git diff-tree
+   -t".  This has been corrected.
+
+ * "git log --pretty/format=" with an empty format string did not
+   mean the more obvious "No output whatsoever" but "Use default
+   format", which was counterintuitive.  Now it means "nothing shown
+   for the log message part".
+
+ * "git -c section.var command" and "git -c section.var= command"
+   should pass the configuration differently (the former should be a
+   boolean true, the latter should be an empty string), but they
+   didn't work that way.  Now it does.
+
+ * Applying a patch not generated by Git in a subdirectory used to
+   check the whitespace breakage using the attributes for incorrect
+   paths. Also whitespace checks were performed even for paths
+   excluded via "git apply --exclude=<path>" mechanism.
+
+ * "git bundle create" with date-range specification were meant to
+   exclude tags outside the range, but it did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git add x" where x that used to be a directory has become a
+   symbolic link to a directory misbehaved.
+
+ * The prompt script checked $GIT_DIR/ref/stash file to see if there
+   is a stash, which was a no-no.
+
+ * "git checkout -m" did not switch to another branch while carrying
+   the local changes forward when a path was deleted from the index.
+
+ * With sufficiently long refnames, fast-import could have overflown
+   an on-stack buffer.
+
+ * After "pack-refs --prune" packed refs at the top-level, it failed
+   to prune them.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" triggered from "git fetch --quiet" was not quiet.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abc3b8928a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v2.1.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * "git push" over HTTP transport had an artificial limit on number of
+   refs that can be pushed imposed by the command line length.
+
+ * When receiving an invalid pack stream that records the same object
+   twice, multiple threads got confused due to a race.
+
+ * An attempt to remove the entire tree in the "git fast-import" input
+   stream caused it to misbehave.
+
+ * Reachability check (used in "git prune" and friends) did not add a
+   detached HEAD as a starting point to traverse objects still in use.
+
+ * "git config --add section.var val" used to lose existing
+   section.var whose value was an empty string.
+
+ * "git fsck" failed to report that it found corrupt objects via its
+   exit status in some cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acc9ebb886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Git v2.1.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * Some MUAs mangled a line in a message that begins with "From " to
+   ">From " when writing to a mailbox file and feeding such an input to
+   "git am" used to lose such a line.
+
+ * "git daemon" (with NO_IPV6 build configuration) used to incorrectly
+   use the hostname even when gethostbyname() reported that the given
+   hostname is not found.
+
+ * Newer versions of 'meld' breaks the auto-detection we use to see if
+   they are new enough to support the `--output` option.
+
+ * "git pack-objects" forgot to disable the codepath to generate
+   object recheability bitmap when it needs to split the resulting
+   pack.
+
+ * "gitweb" used deprecated CGI::startfrom, which was removed from
+   CGI.pm as of 4.04; use CGI::start_from instead.
+
+ * "git log" documentation had an example section marked up not
+   quite correctly, which passed AsciiDoc but failed with
+   AsciiDoctor.
+
+Also contains some documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d16e5f041f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v2.1.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.1.3
+------------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63499b7c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+Git 2.10 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+Updates since v2.9
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * "git pull --rebase --verify-signature" learned to warn the user
+   that "--verify-signature" is a no-op when rebasing.
+
+ * An upstream project can make a recommendation to shallowly clone
+   some submodules in the .gitmodules file it ships.
+
+ * "git worktree add" learned that '-' can be used as a short-hand for
+   "@{-1}", the previous branch.
+
+ * Update the funcname definition to support css files.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/) learned to complete "git
+   status" options.
+
+ * Messages that are generated by auto gc during "git push" on the
+   receiving end are now passed back to the sending end in such a way
+   that they are shown with "remote: " prefix to avoid confusing the
+   users.
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * "git fast-import" learned the same performance trick to avoid
+   creating too small a packfile as "git fetch" and "git push" have,
+   using *.unpackLimit configuration.
+
+ * When "git daemon" is run without --[init-]timeout specified, a
+   connection from a client that silently goes offline can hang around
+   for a long time, wasting resources.  The socket-level KEEPALIVE has
+   been enabled to allow the OS to notice such failed connections.
+   (merge a43b68a ew/daemon-socket-keepalive later to maint).
+
+ * "git upload-pack" command has been updated to use the parse-options
+   API.
+
+ * The "git apply" standalone program is being libified; this is the
+   first step to move many state variables into a structure that can
+   be explicitly (re)initialized to make the machinery callable more
+   than once.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.9
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.8 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * The commands in `git log` family take %C(auto) in a custom format
+   string.  This unconditionally turned the color on, ignoring
+   --no-color or with --color=auto when the output is not connected to
+   a tty; this was corrected to make the format truly behave as
+   "auto".
+   (merge b15a3e0 et/pretty-format-c-auto later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-list --count" whose walk-length is limited with "-n"
+   option did not work well with the counting optimized to look at the
+   bitmap index.
+   (merge fb85db8 jk/rev-list-count-with-bitmap later to maint).
+
+ * "git show -W" (extend hunks to cover the entire function, delimited
+   by lines that match the "funcname" pattern) used to show the entire
+   file when a change added an entire function at the end of the file,
+   which has been fixed.
+   (merge 6f8d9bc rs/xdiff-hunk-with-func-line later to maint).
+
+ * The documentation set has been updated so that literal commands,
+   configuration variables and environment variables are consistently
+   typeset in fixed-width font and bold in manpages.
+   (merge ae9f631 tr/doc-tt later to maint).
+
+ * "git svn propset" subcommand that was added in 2.3 days is
+   documented now.
+   (merge 19a7f24 ap/git-svn-propset-doc later to maint).
+
+ * The documentation tries to consistently spell "GPG"; when
+   referring to the specific program name, "gpg" is used.
+   (merge bc91316 dn/gpg-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git reflog" stopped upon seeing an entry that denotes a branch
+   creation event (aka "unborn"), which made it appear as if the
+   reflog was truncated.
+   (merge 71abeb7 sg/reflog-past-root later to maint).
+
+ * The git-prompt scriptlet (in contrib/) was not friendly with those
+   who uses "set -u", which has been fixed.
+   (merge 34d8f5a vs/prompt-avoid-unset-variable later to maint).
+
+ * compat/regex code did not cleanly compile.
+   (merge bd8f005 rj/compat-regex-size-max-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A codepath that used alloca(3) to place an unbounded amount of data
+   on the stack has been updated to avoid doing so.
+   (merge b8ba412 jk/avoid-unbounded-alloca later to maint).
+
+ * "git update-index --add --chmod=+x file" may be usable as an escape
+   hatch, but not a friendly thing to force for people who do need to
+   use it regularly.  "git add --chmod=+x file" can be used instead.
+   (merge 4e55ed3 et/add-chmod-x later to maint).
+
+ * Build improvements for gnome-keyring (in contrib/)
+   (merge 3cddb00 nb/gnome-keyring-build later to maint).
+
+ * "git status" used to say "working directory" when it meant "working
+   tree".
+   (merge 2a0e6cd lv/status-say-working-tree-not-directory later to maint).
+
+ * Comments about misbehaving FreeBSD shells have been clarified with
+   the version number (9.x and before are broken, newer ones are OK).
+   (merge 9b35cad em/newer-freebsd-shells-are-fine-with-returns later to maint).
+
+ * "git cherry-pick A" worked on an unborn branch, but "git
+   cherry-pick A..B" didn't.
+   (merge 0f974e2 mg/cherry-pick-multi-on-unborn later to maint).
+
+ * Other minor clean-ups and documentation updates
+   (merge 3a39f61 pc/occurred later to maint).
+   (merge 9e70233 jk/fetch-prune-doc later to maint).
+   (merge ed008d7 pb/strbuf-read-file-doc later to maint).
+   (merge 31da121 jc/deref-tag later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e98ecbcff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+Git v2.2 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.1
+------------------
+
+Ports
+
+ * Building on older MacOS X systems automatically sets
+   the necessary NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO build-time option.
+
+ * Building with NO_PTHREADS has been resurrected.
+
+ * Compilation options have been updated a bit to better support the
+   z/OS port.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * "git archive" learned to filter what gets archived with a pathspec.
+
+ * "git config --edit --global" starts from a skeletal per-user
+   configuration file contents, instead of a total blank, when the
+   user does not already have any global config.  This immediately
+   reduces the need to later ask "Have you forgotten to set
+   core.user?", and we can add more to the template as we gain
+   more experience.
+
+ * "git stash list -p" used to be almost always a no-op because each
+   stash entry is represented as a merge commit.  It learned to show
+   the difference between the base commit version and the working tree
+   version, which is in line with what "git stash show" gives.
+
+ * Sometimes users want to report a bug they experience on their
+   repository, but they are not at liberty to share the contents of
+   the repository.  "fast-export" was taught an "--anonymize" option
+   to replace blob contents, names of people, paths and log
+   messages with bland and simple strings to help them.
+
+ * "git difftool" learned an option to stop feeding paths to the
+   diff backend when it exits with a non-zero status.
+
+ * "git grep" learned to paint (or not paint) partial matches on
+   context lines when showing "grep -C<num>" output in color.
+
+ * "log --date=iso" uses a slight variant of the ISO 8601 format that is
+   more human readable.  A new "--date=iso-strict" option gives
+   datetime output that conforms more strictly.
+
+ * The logic "git prune" uses is more resilient against various corner
+   cases.
+
+ * A broken reimplementation of Git could write an invalid index that
+   records both stage #0 and higher-stage entries for the same path.
+   We now notice and reject such an index, as there is no sensible
+   fallback (we do not know if the broken tool wanted to resolve and
+   forgot to remove the higher-stage entries, or if it wanted to unresolve
+   and forgot to remove the stage #0 entry).
+
+ * The temporary files "git mergetool" uses are renamed to avoid too
+   many dots in them (e.g. a temporary file for "hello.c" used to be
+   named e.g. "hello.BASE.4321.c" but now uses underscore instead,
+   e.g. "hello_BASE_4321.c", to allow us to have multiple variants).
+
+ * The temporary files "git mergetool" uses can be placed in a newly
+   created temporary directory, instead of the current directory, by
+   setting the mergetool.writeToTemp configuration variable.
+
+ * "git mergetool" understands "--tool bc" now, as version 4 of
+   BeyondCompare can be driven the same way as its version 3 and it
+   feels awkward to say "--tool bc3" to run version 4.
+
+ * The "pre-receive" and "post-receive" hooks are no longer required
+   to consume their input fully (not following this requirement used
+   to result in intermittent errors in "git push").
+
+ * The pretty-format specifier "%d", which expands to " (tagname)"
+   for a tagged commit, gained a cousin "%D" that just gives the
+   "tagname" without frills.
+
+ * "git push" learned "--signed" push, that allows a push (i.e.
+   request to update the refs on the other side to point at a new
+   history, together with the transmission of necessary objects) to be
+   signed, so that it can be verified and audited, using the GPG
+   signature of the person who pushed, that the tips of branches at a
+   public repository really point the commits the pusher wanted to,
+   without having to "trust" the server.
+
+ * "git interpret-trailers" is a new filter to programmatically edit
+   the tail end of the commit log messages, e.g. "Signed-off-by:".
+
+ * "git help everyday" shows the "Everyday Git in 20 commands or so"
+   document, whose contents have been updated to match more modern
+   Git practice.
+
+ * On the "git svn" front, work progresses to reduce memory consumption and
+   to improve handling of mergeinfo.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The API to manipulate the "refs" has been restructured to make it
+   more transactional, with the eventual goal to allow all-or-none
+   atomic updates and migrating the storage to something other than
+   the traditional filesystem based one (e.g. databases).
+
+ * The lockfile API and its users have been cleaned up.
+
+ * We no longer attempt to keep track of individual dependencies to
+   the header files in the build procedure, relying instead on automated
+   dependency generation support from modern compilers.
+
+ * In tests, we have been using NOT_{MINGW,CYGWIN} test prerequisites
+   long before negated prerequisites e.g. !MINGW were invented.
+   The former has been converted to the latter to avoid confusion.
+
+ * Optimized looking up a remote's configuration in a repository with very many
+   remotes defined.
+
+ * There are cases where you lock and open to write a file, close it
+   to show the updated contents to an external processes, and then have
+   to update the file again while still holding the lock; now the
+   lockfile API has support for such an access pattern.
+
+ * The API to allocate the structure to keep track of commit
+   decoration has been updated to make it less cumbersome to use.
+
+ * An in-core caching layer to let us avoid reading the same
+   configuration files several times has been added.  A few commands
+   have been converted to use this subsystem.
+
+ * Various code paths have been cleaned up and simplified by using
+   the "strbuf", "starts_with()", and "skip_prefix()" APIs more.
+
+ * A few codepaths that died when large blobs that would not fit in
+   core are involved in their operation have been taught to punt
+   instead, by e.g. marking a too-large blob as not to be diffed.
+
+ * A few more code paths in "commit" and "checkout" have been taught
+   to repopulate the cache-tree in the index, to help speed up later
+   "write-tree" (used in "commit") and "diff-index --cached" (used in
+   "status").
+
+ * A common programming mistake to assign the same short option name
+   to two separate options is detected by the parse_options() API to help
+   developers.
+
+ * The code path to write out the packed-refs file has been optimized,
+   which especially matters in a repository with a large number of
+   refs.
+
+ * The check to see if a ref $F can be created by making sure no
+   existing ref has $F/ as its prefix has been optimized, which
+   especially matters in a repository with a large number of existing
+   refs.
+
+ * "git fsck" was taught to check the contents of tag objects a bit more.
+
+ * "git hash-object" was taught a "--literally" option to help
+   debugging.
+
+ * When running a required clean filter, we do not have to mmap the
+   original before feeding the filter.  Instead, stream the file
+   contents directly to the filter and process its output.
+
+ * The scripts in the test suite can be run with the "-x" option to show
+   a shell-trace of each command they run.
+
+ * The "run-command" API learned to manage the argv and environment
+   arrays for child process, alleviating the need for the callers to
+   allocate and deallocate them.
+
+ * Some people use AsciiDoctor, instead of AsciiDoc, to format our
+   documentation set; the documentation has been adjusted to be usable
+   by both, as AsciiDoctor is pickier than AsciiDoc about its input
+   mark-up.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.1
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.1 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git log --pretty/format=" with an empty format string did not
+   mean the more obvious "No output whatsoever" but "Use default
+   format", which was counterintuitive.
+
+ * "git -c section.var command" and "git -c section.var= command"
+   should pass the configuration value differently (the former should be a
+   boolean true, the latter should be an empty string).
+
+ * Applying a patch not generated by Git in a subdirectory used to
+   check for whitespace breakage using the attributes of incorrect
+   paths. Also whitespace checks were performed even for paths
+   excluded via the "git apply --exclude=<path>" mechanism.
+
+ * "git bundle create" with a date-range specification was meant to
+   exclude tags outside the range, but it didn't.
+
+ * "git add x" where x used to be a directory and is now a
+   symbolic link to a directory misbehaved.
+
+ * The prompt script checked the $GIT_DIR/ref/stash file to see if there
+   is a stash, which was a no-no.
+
+ * Pack-protocol documentation had a minor typo.
+
+ * "git checkout -m" did not switch to another branch while carrying
+   the local changes forward when a path was deleted from the index.
+
+ * "git daemon" (with NO_IPV6 build configuration) used to incorrectly
+   use the hostname even when gethostbyname() reported that the given
+   hostname is not found.
+   (merge 107efbe rs/daemon-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * With sufficiently long refnames, "git fast-import" could have
+   overflowed an on-stack buffer.
+
+ * After "pack-refs --prune" packed refs at the top-level, it failed
+   to prune them.
+
+ * Progress output from "git gc --auto" was visible in "git fetch -q".
+
+ * We used to pass -1000 to poll(2), expecting it to also mean "no
+   timeout", which should be spelled as -1.
+
+ * "git rebase" documentation was unclear that it is required to
+   specify on what <upstream> the rebase is to be done when telling it
+   to first check out <branch>.
+   (merge 95c6826 so/rebase-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git push" over HTTP transport had an artificial limit on the number of
+   refs that can be pushed, imposed by the command line length.
+   (merge 26be19b jk/send-pack-many-refspecs later to maint).
+
+ * When receiving an invalid pack stream that records the same object
+   twice, multiple threads got confused due to a race.
+   (merge ab791dd jk/index-pack-threading-races later to maint).
+
+ * An attempt to remove the entire tree in the "git fast-import" input
+   stream caused it to misbehave.
+   (merge 2668d69 mb/fast-import-delete-root later to maint).
+
+ * Reachability check (used in "git prune" and friends) did not add a
+   detached HEAD as a starting point to traverse objects still in use.
+   (merge c40fdd0 mk/reachable-protect-detached-head later to maint).
+
+ * "git config --add section.var val" when section.var already has an
+   empty-string value used to lose the empty-string value.
+   (merge c1063be ta/config-add-to-empty-or-true-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git fsck" failed to report that it found corrupt objects via its
+   exit status in some cases.
+   (merge 30d1038 jk/fsck-exit-code-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Use of the "--verbose" option used to break "git branch --merged".
+   (merge 12994dd jk/maint-branch-verbose-merged later to maint).
+
+ * Some MUAs mangle a line in a message that begins with "From " to
+   ">From " when writing to a mailbox file, and feeding such an input
+   to "git am" used to lose such a line.
+   (merge 85de86a jk/mbox-from-line later to maint).
+
+ * "rev-parse --verify --quiet $name" is meant to quietly exit with a
+   non-zero status when $name is not a valid object name, but still
+   gave error messages in some cases.
+
+ * A handful of C source files have been updated to include
+   "git-compat-util.h" as the first thing, to conform better to our
+   coding guidelines.
+   (merge 1c4b660 da/include-compat-util-first-in-c later to maint).
+
+ * The t7004 test, which tried to run Git with small stack space, has been
+   updated to use a bit larger stack to avoid false breakage on some
+   platforms.
+   (merge b9a1907 sk/tag-contains-wo-recursion later to maint).
+
+ * A few documentation pages had example sections marked up not quite
+   correctly, which passed AsciiDoc but failed with AsciiDoctor.
+   (merge c30c43c bc/asciidoc-pretty-formats-fix later to maint).
+   (merge f8a48af bc/asciidoc later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" used deprecated CGI::startfrom, which was removed from
+   CGI.pm as of 4.04; use CGI::start_from instead.
+   (merge 4750f4b rm/gitweb-start-form later to maint).
+
+ * Newer versions of 'meld' break the auto-detection we use to see if
+   they are new enough to support the `--output` option.
+   (merge b12d045 da/mergetool-meld later to maint).
+
+ * "git pack-objects" forgot to disable the codepath to generate the
+   object reachability bitmap when it needs to split the resulting
+   pack.
+   (merge 2113471 jk/pack-objects-no-bitmap-when-splitting later to maint).
+
+ * The code to use cache-tree trusted the on-disk data too much and
+   fell into an infinite loop upon seeing an incorrectly recorded
+   index file.
+   (merge 729dbbd jk/cache-tree-protect-from-broken-libgit2 later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" into a repository where branch B was deleted earlier,
+   back when it had reflog enabled, and then branch B/C is fetched
+   into it without reflog enabled, which is arguably an unlikely
+   corner case, unnecessarily failed.
+   (merge aae828b jk/fetch-reflog-df-conflict later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --first-parent -L..." used to crash.
+   (merge a8787c5 tm/line-log-first-parent later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5a3cd9e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v2.2.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.2
+----------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b19a35d94f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+Git v2.2.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.2.1
+------------------
+
+ * "git checkout $treeish $path", when $path in the index and the
+   working tree already matched what is in $treeish at the $path,
+   still overwrote the $path unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git config --get-color" did not parse its command line arguments
+   carefully.
+
+ * open() emulated on Windows platforms did not give EISDIR upon
+   an attempt to open a directory for writing.
+
+ * A few code paths used abs() when they should have used labs() on
+   long integers.
+
+ * "gitweb" used to depend on a behaviour recent CGI.pm deprecated.
+
+ * "git init" (hence "git clone") initialized the per-repository
+   configuration file .git/config with x-bit by mistake.
+
+ * Git 2.0 was supposed to make the "simple" mode for the default of
+   "git push", but it didn't.
+
+ * "Everyday" document had a broken link.
+
+ * The build procedure did not bother fixing perl and python scripts
+   when NO_PERL and NO_PYTHON build-time configuration changed.
+
+ * The code that reads the reflog from the newer to the older entries
+   did not handle an entry that crosses a boundary of block it uses to
+   read them correctly.
+
+ * "git apply" was described in the documentation to take --ignore-date
+   option, which it does not.
+
+ * Traditionally we tried to avoid interpreting date strings given by
+   the user as future dates, e.g. GIT_COMMITTER_DATE=2014-12-10 when
+   used early November 2014 was taken as "October 12, 2014" because it
+   is likely that a date in the future, December 10, is a mistake.
+   This heuristics has been loosened to allow people to express future
+   dates (most notably, --until=<date> may want to be far in the
+   future) and we no longer tiebreak by future-ness of the date when
+
+    (1) ISO-like format is used, and
+    (2) the string can make sense interpreted as both y-m-d and y-d-m.
+
+   Git may still have to use the heuristics to tiebreak between dd/mm/yy
+   and mm/dd/yy, though.
+
+ * The code to abbreviate an object name to its short unique prefix
+   has been optimized when no abbreviation was requested.
+
+ * "git add --ignore-errors ..." did not ignore an error to
+   give a file that did not exist.
+
+ * Git did not correctly read an overlong refname from a packed refs
+   file.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bfffa4106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v2.2.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.2.2
+------------------
+
+ * A handful of codepaths that used to use fixed-sized arrays to hold
+   pathnames have been corrected to use strbuf and other mechanisms to
+   allow longer pathnames without fearing overflows.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3c639c840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+Git v2.3 Release Notes
+======================
+
+This one ended up to be a release with lots of small corrections and
+improvements without big uncomfortably exciting features.  The recent
+security fix that went to 2.2.1 and older maintenance tracks is also
+contained in this update.
+
+
+Updates since v2.2
+------------------
+
+Ports
+
+ * Recent gcc toolchain on Cygwin started throwing compilation warning,
+   which has been squelched.
+
+ * A few updates to build on platforms that lack tv_nsec,
+   clock_gettime, CLOCK_MONOTONIC and HMAC_CTX_cleanup (e.g. older
+   RHEL) have been added.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * It was cumbersome to use "GIT_SSH" mechanism when the user wanted
+   to pass an extra set of arguments to the underlying ssh.  A new
+   environment variable GIT_SSH_COMMAND can be used for this.
+
+ * A request to store an empty note via "git notes" meant to remove
+   note from the object but with --allow-empty we will store a
+   (surprise!)  note that is empty.
+
+ * "git interpret-trailers" learned to properly handle the
+   "Conflicts:" block at the end.
+
+ * "git am" learned "--message-id" option to copy the message ID of
+   the incoming e-mail to the log message of resulting commit.
+
+ * "git clone --reference=<over there>" learned the "--dissociate"
+   option to go with it; it borrows objects from the reference object
+   store while cloning only to reduce network traffic and then
+   dissociates the resulting clone from the reference by performing
+   local copies of borrowed objects.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned "--transfer-encoding" option to force a
+   non-fault Content-Transfer-Encoding header (e.g. base64).
+
+ * "git send-email" normally identifies itself via X-Mailer: header in
+   the message it sends out.  A new command line flag --no-xmailer
+   allows the user to squelch the header.
+
+ * "git push" into a repository with a working tree normally refuses
+   to modify the branch that is checked out.  The command learned to
+   optionally do an equivalent of "git reset --hard" only when there
+   is no change to the working tree and the index instead, which would
+   be useful to "deploy" by pushing into a repository.
+
+ * "git new-workdir" (in contrib/) can be used to populate an empty
+   and existing directory now.
+
+ * Credential helpers are asked in turn until one of them give
+   positive response, which is cumbersome to turn off when you need to
+   run Git in an automated setting.  The credential helper interface
+   learned to allow a helper to say "stop, don't ask other helpers."
+   Also GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT environment can be set to false to disable
+   our built-in prompt mechanism for passwords.
+
+ * "git branch -d" (delete) and "git branch -m" (move) learned to
+   honor "-f" (force) flag; unlike many other subcommands, the way to
+   force these have been with separate "-D/-M" options, which was
+   inconsistent.
+
+ * "diff-highlight" filter (in contrib/) allows its color output to be
+   customized via configuration variables.
+
+ * "git imap-send" learned to take "-v" (verbose) and "-q" (quiet)
+   command line options.
+
+ * "git remote add $name $URL" is now allowed when "url.$URL.insteadOf"
+   is already defined.
+
+ * "git imap-send" now can be built to use cURL library to talk to
+   IMAP servers (if the library is recent enough, of course).
+   This allows you to use authenticate method other than CRAM-MD5,
+   among other things.
+
+ * "git imap-send" now allows GIT_CURL_VERBOSE environment variable to
+   control the verbosity when talking via the cURL library.
+
+ * The prompt script (in contrib/) learned to optionally hide prompt
+   when in an ignored directory by setting GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED
+   shell variable.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * Earlier we made "rev-list --object-edge" more aggressively list the
+   objects at the edge commits, in order to reduce number of objects　
+   fetched into a shallow repository, but the change affected cases
+   other than "fetching into a shallow repository" and made it
+   unusably slow (e.g. fetching into a normal repository should not
+   have to suffer the overhead from extra processing).  Limit it to a
+   more specific case by introducing --objects-edge-aggressive, a new
+   option to rev-list.
+
+ * Squelched useless compiler warnings on Mac OS X regarding the
+   crypto API.
+
+ * The procedure to generate unicode table has been simplified.
+
+ * Some filesystems assign filemodes in a strange way, fooling then
+   automatic "filemode trustability" check done during a new
+   repository creation.  The initialization codepath has been hardened
+   against this issue.
+
+ * The codepath in "git remote update --prune" to drop many refs has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The API into get_merge_bases*() family of functions was easy to
+   misuse, which has been corrected to make it harder to do so.
+
+ * Long overdue departure from the assumption that S_IFMT is shared by
+   everybody made in 2005, which was necessary to port to z/OS.
+
+ * "git push" and "git fetch" did not communicate an overlong refname
+   correctly.  Now it uses 64kB sideband to accommodate longer ones.
+
+ * Recent GPG changes the keyring format and drops support for RFC1991
+   formatted signatures, breaking our existing tests.
+
+ * "git-prompt" (in contrib/) used a variable from the global scope,
+   possibly contaminating end-user's namespace.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.2
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.2 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git http-push" over WebDAV (aka dumb http-push) was broken in
+   v2.2.2 when parsing a symbolic ref, resulting in a bogus request
+   that gets rejected by recent versions of cURL library.
+   (merge f6786c8 jk/http-push-symref-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The logic in "git bisect bad HEAD" etc. to avoid forcing the test
+   of the common ancestor of bad and good commits was broken.
+   (merge 07913d5 cc/bisect-rev-parsing later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout-index --temp=$target $path" did not work correctly
+   for paths outside the current subdirectory in the project.
+   (merge 74c4de5 es/checkout-index-temp later to maint).
+
+ * The report from "git checkout" on a branch that builds on another
+   local branch by setting its branch.*.merge to branch name (not a
+   full refname) incorrectly said that the upstream is gone.
+   (merge 05e7368 jc/checkout-local-track-report later to maint).
+
+ * With The git-prompt support (in contrib/), using the exit status of
+   the last command in the prompt, e.g.  PS1='$(__git_ps1) $? ', did
+   not work well, because the helper function stomped on the exit
+   status.
+   (merge 6babe76 tf/prompt-preserve-exit-status later to maint).
+
+ * Recent update to "git commit" broke amending an existing commit
+   with bogus author/committer lines without a valid e-mail address.
+   (merge c83a509 jk/commit-date-approxidate later to maint).
+
+ * The lockfile API used to get confused which file to clean up when
+   the process moved the $cwd after creating a lockfile.
+   (merge fa137f6 nd/lockfile-absolute later to maint).
+
+ * Traditionally we tried to avoid interpreting date strings given by
+   the user as future dates, e.g. GIT_COMMITTER_DATE=2014-12-10 when
+   used early November 2014 was taken as "October 12, 2014" because it
+   is likely that a date in the future, December 10, is a mistake.
+   This heuristics has been loosened to allow people to express future
+   dates (most notably, --until=<date> may want to be far in the
+   future) and we no longer tiebreak by future-ness of the date when
+
+    (1) ISO-like format is used, and
+    (2) the string can make sense interpreted as both y-m-d and y-d-m.
+
+   Git may still have to use the heuristics to tiebreak between dd/mm/yy
+   and mm/dd/yy, though.
+   (merge d372395 jk/approxidate-avoid-y-d-m-over-future-dates later to maint).
+
+ * Git did not correctly read an overlong refname from a packed refs
+   file.
+   (merge ea41783 jk/read-packed-refs-without-path-max later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply" was described in the documentation to take --ignore-date
+   option, which it does not.
+   (merge 0cef4e7 rw/apply-does-not-take-ignore-date later to maint).
+
+ * "git add -i" did not notice when the interactive command input
+   stream went away and kept asking the same question.
+   (merge a8bec7a jk/add-i-read-error later to maint).
+
+ * "git send-email" did not handle RFC 2047 encoded headers quite
+   right.
+   (merge ab47e2a rd/send-email-2047-fix later to maint).
+
+ * New tag object format validation added in 2.2 showed garbage after
+   a tagname it reported in its error message.
+   (merge a1e920a js/fsck-tag-validation later to maint).
+
+ * The code that reads the reflog from the newer to the older entries
+   did not handle an entry that crosses a boundary of block it uses to
+   read them correctly.
+   (merge 69216bf jk/for-each-reflog-ent-reverse later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff -B -M" after making a new copy B out of an existing file
+   A and then editing A extensively ought to report that B was created
+   by copying A and A was modified, which is what "git diff -C"
+   reports, but it instead said A was renamed to B and A was edited
+   heavily in place.  This was not just incoherent but also failed to
+   apply with "git apply".  The report has been corrected to match what
+   "git diff -C" produces for this case.
+   (merge 6936b58 jc/diff-b-m later to maint).
+
+ * In files we pre-populate for the user to edit with commented hints,
+   a line of hint that is indented with a tab used to show as '#' (or
+   any comment char), ' ' (space), and then the hint text that began
+   with the tab, which some editors flag as an indentation error (tab
+   following space).  We now omit the space after the comment char in
+   such a case.
+   (merge d55aeb7 jc/strbuf-add-lines-avoid-sp-ht-sequence later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-tree" does not support path selection based on negative
+   pathspecs, but did not error out when negative pathspecs are given.
+   (merge f1f6224 nd/ls-tree-pathspec later to maint).
+
+ * The function sometimes returned a non-freeable memory and some
+   other times returned a piece of memory that must be freed, leading
+   to inevitable leaks.
+   (merge 59362e5 jc/exec-cmd-system-path-leak-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The code to abbreviate an object name to its short unique prefix
+   has been optimized when no abbreviation was requested.
+   (merge 61e704e mh/find-uniq-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git add --ignore-errors ..." did not ignore an error to
+   give a file that did not exist.
+   (merge 1d31e5a mg/add-ignore-errors later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout $treeish $path", when $path in the index and the
+   working tree already matched what is in $treeish at the $path,
+   still overwrote the $path unnecessarily.
+   (merge c5326bd jk/checkout-from-tree later to maint).
+
+ * "git config --get-color" did not parse its command line arguments
+   carefully.
+   (merge cb35722 jk/colors-fix later to maint).
+
+ * open() emulated on Windows platforms did not give EISDIR upon
+   an attempt to open a directory for writing.
+   (merge ba6fad0 js/windows-open-eisdir-error later to maint).
+
+ * A few code paths used abs() when they should have used labs() on
+   long integers.
+   (merge 83915ba rs/maint-config-use-labs later to maint).
+   (merge 31a8aa1 rs/receive-pack-use-labs later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" used to depend on a behaviour recent CGI.pm deprecated.
+   (merge 13dbf46 jk/gitweb-with-newer-cgi-multi-param later to maint).
+
+ * "git init" (hence "git clone") initialized the per-repository
+   configuration file .git/config with x-bit by mistake.
+   (merge 1f32ecf mh/config-flip-xbit-back-after-checking later to maint).
+
+ * Recent update in Git 2.2 started creating objects/info/packs and
+   info/refs files with permission bits tighter than user's umask.
+   (merge d91175b jk/prune-packed-server-info later to maint).
+
+ * Git 2.0 was supposed to make the "simple" mode for the default of
+   "git push", but it didn't.
+   (merge 00a6fa0 jk/push-simple later to maint).
+
+ * "Everyday" document had a broken link.
+   (merge 366c8d4 po/everyday-doc later to maint).
+
+ * A few test fixes.
+   (merge 880ef58 jk/no-perl-tests later to maint).
+
+ * The build procedure did not bother fixing perl and python scripts
+   when NO_PERL and NO_PYTHON build-time configuration changed.
+   (merge ca2051d jk/rebuild-perl-scripts-with-no-perl-seting-change later to maint).
+
+ * The usage string of "git log" command was marked incorrectly for
+   l10n.
+   (merge e66dc0c km/log-usage-string-i18n later to maint).
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" mishandled --format="%(upstream:track)" when a
+   branch is marked to have forked from a non-existing branch.
+   (merge b6160d9 rc/for-each-ref-tracking later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf96186288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Git v2.3.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3
+----------------
+
+ * The interactive "show a list and let the user choose from it"
+   interface "add -i" used showed and prompted to the user even when
+   the candidate list was empty, against which the only "choice" the
+   user could have made was to choose nothing.
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" used to under-allocate the memory
+   when the fix resulted in a longer text than the original patch.
+
+ * "git log --help" used to show rev-list options that are irrelevant
+   to the "log" command.
+
+ * The error message from "git commit", when a non-existing author
+   name was given as value to the "--author=" parameter, has been
+   reworded to avoid misunderstanding.
+
+ * A broken pack .idx file in the receiving repository prevented the
+   dumb http transport from fetching a good copy of it from the other
+   side.
+
+ * The documentation incorrectly said that C(opy) and R(ename) are the
+   only ones that can be followed by the score number in the output in
+   the --raw format.
+
+ * Fix a misspelled conditional that is always true.
+
+ * Code to read branch name from various files in .git/ directory
+   would have misbehaved if the code to write them left an empty file.
+
+ * The "git push" documentation made the "--repo=<there>" option
+   easily misunderstood.
+
+ * After attempting and failing a password-less authentication
+   (e.g. kerberos), libcURL refuses to fall back to password based
+   Basic authentication without a bit of help/encouragement.
+
+ * Setting diff.submodule to 'log' made "git format-patch" produce
+   broken patches.
+
+ * "git rerere" (invoked internally from many mergy operations) did
+   not correctly signal errors when told to update the working tree
+   files and failed to do so for whatever reason.
+
+ * "git blame HEAD -- missing" failed to correctly say "HEAD" when it
+   tried to say "No such path 'missing' in HEAD".
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.10.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d425d814d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Git v2.3.10 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.9
+------------------
+
+ * xdiff code we use to generate diffs is not prepared to handle
+   extremely large files.  It uses "int" in many places, which can
+   overflow if we have a very large number of lines or even bytes in
+   our input files, for example.  Cap the input size to soemwhere
+   around 1GB for now.
+
+ * Some protocols (like git-remote-ext) can execute arbitrary code
+   found in the URL.  The URLs that submodules use may come from
+   arbitrary sources (e.g., .gitmodules files in a remote
+   repository), and can hurt those who blindly enable recursive
+   fetch.  Restrict the allowed protocols to well known and safe
+   ones.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93462e45c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+Git v2.3.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.1
+------------------
+
+ * "update-index --refresh" used to leak when an entry cannot be
+   refreshed for whatever reason.
+
+ * "git fast-import" used to crash when it could not close and
+   conclude the resulting packfile cleanly.
+
+ * "git blame" died, trying to free an uninitialized piece of memory.
+
+ * "git merge-file" did not work correctly in a subdirectory.
+
+ * "git submodule add" failed to squash "path/to/././submodule" to
+   "path/to/submodule".
+
+ * In v2.2.0, we broke "git prune" that runs in a repository that
+   borrows from an alternate object store.
+
+ * Certain older vintages of cURL give irregular output from
+   "curl-config --vernum", which confused our build system.
+
+ * An earlier workaround to squelch unhelpful deprecation warnings
+   from the compiler on Mac OSX unnecessarily set minimum required
+   version of the OS, which the user might want to raise (or lower)
+   for other reasons.
+
+ * Longstanding configuration variable naming rules has been added to
+   the documentation.
+
+ * The credential helper for Windows (in contrib/) used to mishandle
+   a user name with an at-sign in it.
+
+ * Older GnuPG implementations may not correctly import the keyring
+   material we prepare for the tests to use.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation that "remote.<nick>.pushURL" and
+   "remote.<nick>.URL" are there to name the same repository accessed
+   via different transports, not two separate repositories.
+
+ * The pack bitmap support did not build with older versions of GCC.
+
+ * Reading configuration from a blob object, when it ends with a lone
+   CR, use to confuse the configuration parser.
+
+ * We didn't format an integer that wouldn't fit in "int" but in
+   "uintmax_t" correctly.
+
+ * "git push --signed" gave an incorrectly worded error message when
+   the other side did not support the capability.
+
+ * "git fetch" over a remote-helper that cannot respond to "list"
+   command could not fetch from a symbolic reference e.g. HEAD.
+
+ * The insn sheet "git rebase -i" creates did not fully honor
+   core.abbrev settings.
+
+ * The tests that wanted to see that file becomes unreadable after
+   running "chmod a-r file", and the tests that wanted to make sure it
+   is not run as root, we used "can we write into the / directory?" as
+   a cheap substitute, but on some platforms that is not a good
+   heuristics.  The tests and their prerequisites have been updated to
+   check what they really require.
+
+ * The configuration variable 'mailinfo.scissors' was hard to
+   discover in the documentation.
+
+ * Correct a breakage to git-svn around v2.2 era that triggers
+   premature closing of FileHandle.
+
+ * Even though we officially haven't dropped Perl 5.8 support, the
+   Getopt::Long package that came with it does not support "--no-"
+   prefix to negate a boolean option; manually add support to help
+   people with older Getopt::Long package.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ef12644c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Git v2.3.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.2
+------------------
+
+ * A corrupt input to "git diff -M" used cause us to segfault.
+
+ * The borrowed code in kwset API did not follow our usual convention
+   to use "unsigned char" to store values that range from 0-255.
+
+ * Description given by "grep -h" for its --exclude-standard option
+   was phrased poorly.
+
+ * Documentaton for "git remote add" mentioned "--tags" and
+   "--no-tags" and it was not clear that fetch from the remote in
+   the future will use the default behaviour when neither is given
+   to override it.
+
+ * "git diff --shortstat --dirstat=changes" showed a dirstat based on
+   lines that was never asked by the end user in addition to the
+   dirstat that the user asked for.
+
+ * The interaction between "git submodule update" and the
+   submodule.*.update configuration was not clearly documented.
+
+ * "git apply" was not very careful about reading from, removing,
+   updating and creating paths outside the working tree (under
+   --index/--cached) or the current directory (when used as a
+   replacement for GNU patch).
+
+ * "git daemon" looked up the hostname even when "%CH" and "%IP"
+   interpolations are not requested, which was unnecessary.
+
+ * The "interpolated-path" option of "git daemon" inserted any string
+   client declared on the "host=" capability request without checking.
+   Sanitize and limit %H and %CH to a saner and a valid DNS name.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..094c7b853b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Git v2.3.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.3
+------------------
+
+ * The 'color.status.unmerged' configuration was not described.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not reset colors correctly around the
+   branch names.
+
+ * "git -C '' subcmd" refused to work in the current directory, unlike
+   "cd ''" which silently behaves as a no-op.
+
+ * "git imap-send" learned to optionally talk with an IMAP server via
+   libcURL; because there is no other option when Git is built with
+   NO_OPENSSL option, use that codepath by default under such
+   configuration.
+
+ * A workaround for certain build of GPG that triggered false breakage
+   in a test has been added.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" recently started to include the number of
+   commits in the insn sheet to be processed, but on a platform
+   that prepends leading whitespaces to "wc -l" output, the numbers
+   are shown with extra whitespaces that aren't necessary.
+
+ * We did not parse username followed by literal IPv6 address in SSH
+   transport URLs, e.g. ssh://user@[2001:db8::1]:22/repo.git
+   correctly.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b309db689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Git v2.3.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.4
+------------------
+
+ * The prompt script (in contrib/) did not show the untracked sign
+   when working in a subdirectory without any untracked files.
+
+ * Even though "git grep --quiet" is run merely to ask for the exit
+   status, we spawned the pager regardless.  Stop doing that.
+
+ * Recommend format-patch and send-email for those who want to submit
+   patches to this project.
+
+ * An failure early in the "git clone" that started creating the
+   working tree and repository could have resulted in some directories
+   and files left without getting cleaned up.
+
+ * "git fetch" that fetches a commit using the allow-tip-sha1-in-want
+   extension could have failed to fetch all the requested refs.
+
+ * The split-index mode introduced at v2.3.0-rc0~41 was broken in the
+   codepath to protect us against a broken reimplementation of Git
+   that writes an invalid index with duplicated index entries, etc.
+
+ * "git prune" used to largely ignore broken refs when deciding which
+   objects are still being used, which could spread an existing small
+   damage and make it a larger one.
+
+ * "git tag -h" used to show the "--column" and "--sort" options
+   that are about listing in a wrong section.
+
+ * The transfer.hiderefs support did not quite work for smart-http
+   transport.
+
+ * The code that reads from the ctags file in the completion script
+   (in contrib/) did not spell ${param/pattern/string} substitution
+   correctly, which happened to work with bash but not with zsh.
+
+ * The explanation on "rebase --preserve-merges", "pull --rebase=preserve",
+   and "push --force-with-lease" in the documentation was unclear.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..432f770ef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Git v2.3.6 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.5
+------------------
+
+ * "diff-highlight" (in contrib/) used to show byte-by-byte
+   differences, which meant that multi-byte characters can be chopped
+   in the middle.  It learned to pay attention to character boundaries
+   (assuming the UTF-8 payload).
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc95812cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Git v2.3.7 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.6
+------------------
+
+ * An earlier update to the parser that disects a URL broke an
+   address, followed by a colon, followed by an empty string (instead
+   of the port number), e.g. ssh://example.com:/path/to/repo.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/) contaminated global namespace
+   and clobbered on a shell variable $x.
+
+ * The "git push --signed" protocol extension did not limit what the
+   "nonce" that is a server-chosen string can contain or how long it
+   can be, which was unnecessarily lax.  Limit both the length and the
+   alphabet to a reasonably small space that can still have enough
+   entropy.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b67268a96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Git v2.3.8 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.7
+------------------
+
+ * The usual "git diff" when seeing a file turning into a directory
+   showed a patchset to remove the file and create all files in the
+   directory, but "git diff --no-index" simply refused to work.  Also,
+   when asked to compare a file and a directory, imitate POSIX "diff"
+   and compare the file with the file with the same name in the
+   directory, instead of refusing to run.
+
+ * The default $HOME/.gitconfig file created upon "git config --global"
+   that edits it had incorrectly spelled user.name and user.email
+   entries in it.
+
+ * "git commit --date=now" or anything that relies on approxidate lost
+   the daylight-saving-time offset.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.9.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.9.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a2ad3235a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v2.3.9 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.8
+------------------
+
+ * A handful of codepaths that used to use fixed-sized arrays to hold
+   pathnames have been corrected to use strbuf and other mechanisms to
+   allow longer pathnames without fearing overflows.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cde64be535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+Git 2.4 Release Notes
+=====================
+
+Backward compatibility warning(s)
+---------------------------------
+
+This release has a few changes in the user-visible output from
+Porcelain commands. These are not meant to be parsed by scripts, but
+users still may want to be aware of the changes:
+
+ * The output from "git log --decorate" (and, more generally, the "%d"
+   format specifier used in the "--format=<string>" parameter to the
+   "git log" family of commands) has changed. It used to list "HEAD"
+   just like other branches; e.g.,
+
+     $ git log --decorate -1 master
+     commit bdb0f6788fa5e3cacc4315e9ff318a27b2676ff4 (HEAD, master)
+     ...
+
+   This release changes the output slightly when HEAD refers to a
+   branch whose name is also shown in the output. The above is now
+   shown as:
+
+     $ git log --decorate -1 master
+     commit bdb0f6788fa5e3cacc4315e9ff318a27b2676ff4 (HEAD -> master)
+     ...
+
+ * The phrasing "git branch" uses to describe a detached HEAD has been
+   updated to agree with the phrasing used by "git status":
+
+    - When HEAD is at the same commit as when it was originally
+      detached, they now both show "detached at <commit object name>".
+
+    - When HEAD has moved since it was originally detached, they now
+      both show "detached from <commit object name>".
+
+   Previously, "git branch" always used "from".
+
+
+Updates since v2.3
+------------------
+
+Ports
+
+ * Our default I/O size (8 MiB) for large files was too large for some
+   platforms with smaller SSIZE_MAX, leading to read(2)/write(2)
+   failures.
+
+ * We did not check the curl library version before using the
+   CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH feature, which did not exist in older versions of
+   the library.
+
+ * We now detect number of CPUs on older BSD-derived systems.
+
+ * Portability fixes and workarounds for shell scripts have been added
+   to help BSD-derived systems.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * The command usage info strings given by "git cmd -h" and in
+   documentation have been tweaked for consistency.
+
+ * The "sync" subcommand of "git p4" now allows users to exclude
+   subdirectories like its "clone" subcommand does.
+
+ * "git log --invert-grep --grep=WIP" will show only commits that do
+   not have the string "WIP" in their messages.
+
+ * "git push" has been taught an "--atomic" option that makes a push
+   that updates more than one ref an "all-or-none" affair.
+
+ * Extending the "push to deploy" feature that was added in 2.3, the
+   behaviour of "git push" when updating the branch that is checked
+   out can now be tweaked by a "push-to-checkout" hook.
+
+ * HTTP-based transports now send Accept-Language when making
+   requests. The languages to accept are inferred from environment
+   variables on the client side (LANGUAGE, etc).
+
+ * "git send-email" used to accept a mistaken "y" (or "yes") as an
+   answer to "What encoding do you want to use [UTF-8]?" without
+   questioning. Now it asks for confirmation when the answer looks too
+   short to be a valid encoding name.
+
+ * When "git apply --whitespace=fix" fixed whitespace errors in the
+   common context lines, the command reports that it did so.
+
+ * "git status" now allows the "-v" option to be given twice, in which
+   case it also shows the differences in the working tree that are not
+   staged to be committed.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" used to clean up the log message even when it is
+   merely replaying an existing commit. It now replays the message
+   verbatim unless you are editing the message of the resulting
+   commit.
+
+ * "git archive" can now be told to set the 'text' attribute in the
+   resulting zip archive.
+
+ * Output from "git log --decorate" now distinguishes between a
+   detached HEAD vs. a HEAD that points at a branch.
+
+   This is a potentially backward-incompatible change; see above for
+   more information.
+
+ * When HEAD was detached when at commit xyz and hasn't been moved
+   since it was detached, "git status" would report "detached at xyz"
+   whereas "git branch" would report "detached from xyz". Now the
+   output of "git branch" agrees with that of "git status".
+
+   This is a potentially backward-incompatible change; see above for
+   more information.
+
+ * "git -C '' subcmd" now works in the current directory (analogously
+   to "cd ''") rather than dying with an error message.
+   (merge 6a536e2 kn/git-cd-to-empty later to maint).
+
+ * The versionsort.prereleaseSuffix configuration variable can be used
+   to specify that, for example, v1.0-pre1 comes before v1.0.
+
+ * A new "push.followTags" configuration turns the "--follow-tags"
+   option on by default for the "git push" command.
+
+ * "git log --graph --no-walk A B..." is a nonsensical combination of
+   options: "--no-walk" requests discrete points in the history, while
+   "--graph" asks to draw connections between these discrete points.
+   Forbid the use of these options together.
+
+ * "git rev-list --bisect --first-parent" does not work (yet) and can
+   even cause SEGV; forbid it. "git log --bisect --first-parent" would
+   not be useful until "git bisect --first-parent" materializes, so
+   also forbid it for now.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * Slightly change the implementation of the N_() macro to help us
+   detect mistakes.
+
+ * Restructure the implementation of "reflog expire" to fit better
+   with the recently updated reference API.
+
+ * The transport-helper did not pass transport options such as
+   verbosity, progress, cloning, etc. to import and export based
+   helpers, like it did for fetch and push based helpers, robbing them
+   of the chance to honor the wish of the end-users better.
+
+ * The tests that wanted to see that a file becomes unreadable after
+   running "chmod a-r file", and the tests that wanted to make sure
+   that they are not run as root, used "can we write into the /
+   directory?" as a cheap substitute. But on some platforms that is
+   not a good heuristic. The tests and their prerequisites have been
+   updated to check what they really require.
+   (merge f400e51 jk/sanity later to maint).
+
+ * Various issues around "reflog expire", e.g. using --updateref when
+   expiring a reflog for a symbolic reference, have been corrected
+   and/or made saner.
+
+ * The documentation for the strbuf API had been split between the API
+   documentation and the header file. Consolidate the documentation in
+   strbuf.h.
+
+ * The error handling functions and conventions are now documented in
+   the API manual (in api-error-handling.txt).
+
+ * Optimize gitattribute look-up, mostly useful in "git grep" on a
+   project that does not use many attributes, by avoiding it when we
+   (should) know that the attributes are not defined in the first
+   place.
+
+ * Typofix in comments.
+   (merge ef2956a ak/git-pm-typofix later to maint).
+
+ * Code clean-up.
+   (merge 0b868f0 sb/hex-object-name-is-at-most-41-bytes-long later to maint).
+   (merge 5d30851 dp/remove-duplicated-header-inclusion later to maint).
+
+ * Simplify the ref transaction API for verifying that "the ref should
+   be pointing at this object".
+
+ * Simplify the code in "git daemon" that parses out and holds
+   hostnames used in request interpolation.
+
+ * Restructure the "git push" codepath to make it easier to add new
+   configuration bits.
+
+ * The run-command interface made it easy to make a pipe for us to
+   read from a process, wait for the process to finish, and then
+   attempt to read its output. But this pattern can lead to deadlock.
+   So introduce a helper to do this correctly (i.e., first read, and
+   then wait the process to finish) and also add code to prevent such
+   abuse in the run-command helper.
+
+ * People often forget to chain the commands in their test together
+   with &&, letting a failure from an earlier command in the test go
+   unnoticed. The new GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT mechanism allows you to
+   catch such a mistake more easily.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.3
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.3 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git blame HEAD -- missing" failed to correctly say "HEAD" when it
+   tried to say "No such path 'missing' in HEAD".
+   (merge a46442f jk/blame-commit-label later to maint).
+
+ * "git rerere" (invoked internally from many mergy operations) did
+   not correctly signal errors when it attempted to update the working
+   tree files but failed for whatever reason.
+   (merge 89ea903 jn/rerere-fail-on-auto-update-failure later to maint).
+
+ * Setting diff.submodule to 'log' made "git format-patch" produce
+   broken patches.
+   (merge 339de50 dk/format-patch-ignore-diff-submodule later to maint).
+
+ * After attempting and failing a password-less authentication (e.g.,
+   Kerberos), libcURL refuses to fall back to password-based Basic
+   authentication without a bit of help/encouragement.
+   (merge 4dbe664 bc/http-fallback-to-password-after-krb-fails later to maint).
+
+ * The "git push" documentation for the "--repo=<there>" option was
+   easily misunderstood.
+   (merge 57b92a7 mg/push-repo-option-doc later to maint).
+
+ * Code to read a branch name from various files in the .git/
+   directory would have overrun array limits if asked to read an empty
+   file.
+   (merge 66ec904 jk/status-read-branch-name-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Remove a superfluous conditional that is always true.
+   (merge 94ee8e2 jk/remote-curl-an-array-in-struct-cannot-be-null later to maint).
+
+ * The "git diff --raw" documentation incorrectly implied that C(opy)
+   and R(ename) are the only statuses that can be followed by a score
+   number.
+   (merge ac1c2d9 jc/diff-format-doc later to maint).
+
+ * A broken pack .idx file in the receiving repository prevented the
+   dumb http transport from fetching a good copy of it from the other
+   side.
+   (merge 8b9c2dd jk/dumb-http-idx-fetch-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The error message from "git commit", when a non-existing author
+   name was given as value to the "--author=" parameter, has been
+   reworded to avoid misunderstanding.
+   (merge 1044b1f mg/commit-author-no-match-malformed-message later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --help" used to show rev-list options that are irrelevant
+   to the "log" command.
+   (merge 3cab02d jc/doc-log-rev-list-options later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" used to under-allocate memory when the
+   fix resulted in a longer text than the original patch.
+   (merge 407a792 jc/apply-ws-fix-expands later to maint).
+
+ * The interactive "show a list and let the user choose from it"
+   interface used by "git add -i" unnecessarily prompted the user even
+   when the candidate list was empty, against which the only "choice"
+   the user could have made was to choose nothing.
+   (merge a9c4641 ak/add-i-empty-candidates later to maint).
+
+ * The todo list created by "git rebase -i" did not fully honor
+   core.abbrev settings.
+   (merge edb72d5 ks/rebase-i-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" over a remote-helper that cannot respond to the "list"
+   command could not fetch from a symbolic reference (e.g., HEAD).
+   (merge 33cae54 mh/deref-symref-over-helper-transport later to maint).
+
+ * "git push --signed" gave an incorrectly worded error message when
+   the other side did not support the capability.
+
+ * The "git push --signed" protocol extension did not limit what the
+   "nonce" (a server-chosen string) could contain nor how long it
+   could be, which was unnecessarily lax. Limit both the length and
+   the alphabet to a reasonably small space that can still have enough
+   entropy.
+   (merge afcb6ee jc/push-cert later to maint).
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/) clobbered the shell variable $x
+   in the global shell namespace.
+   (merge 852ff1c ma/bash-completion-leaking-x later to maint).
+
+ * We incorrectly formatted a "uintmax_t" integer that doesn't fit in
+   "int".
+   (merge d306f3d jk/decimal-width-for-uintmax later to maint).
+
+ * The configuration parser used to be confused when reading
+   configuration from a blob object that ends with a lone CR.
+   (merge 1d0655c jk/config-no-ungetc-eof later to maint).
+
+ * The pack bitmap support did not build with older versions of GCC.
+   (merge bd4e882 jk/pack-bitmap later to maint).
+
+ * The documentation wasn't clear that "remote.<nick>.pushURL" and
+   "remote.<nick>.URL" are there to name the same repository accessed
+   via different transports, not two separate repositories.
+   (merge 697f652 jc/remote-set-url-doc later to maint).
+
+ * Older GnuPG implementations may not correctly import the keyring
+   material we prepare for the tests to use.
+   (merge 1f985d6 ch/new-gpg-drops-rfc-1991 later to maint).
+
+ * The credential helper for Windows (in contrib/) used to mishandle
+   user names that contain an at-sign.
+   (merge 13d261e av/wincred-with-at-in-username-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "diff-highlight" (in contrib/) used to show byte-by-byte
+   differences, which could cause multi-byte characters to be chopped
+   in the middle. It learned to pay attention to character boundaries
+   (assuming UTF-8).
+   (merge 8d00662 jk/colors later to maint).
+
+ * Document longstanding configuration variable naming rules in
+   CodingGuidelines.
+   (merge 35840a3 jc/conf-var-doc later to maint).
+
+ * An earlier workaround to squelch unhelpful deprecation warnings
+   from the compiler on OS X unnecessarily set a minimum required
+   version of the OS, which the user might want to raise (or lower)
+   for other reasons.
+   (merge 88c03eb es/squelch-openssl-warnings-on-macosx later to maint).
+
+ * Certain older vintages of cURL give irregular output from
+   "curl-config --vernum", which confused our build system.
+   (merge 3af6792 tc/curl-vernum-output-broken-in-7.11 later to maint).
+
+ * In v2.2.0, we broke "git prune" that runs in a repository that
+   borrows from an alternate object store.
+   (merge b0a4264 jk/prune-mtime later to maint).
+
+ * "git submodule add" failed to squash "path/to/././submodule" to
+   "path/to/submodule".
+   (merge 8196e72 ps/submodule-sanitize-path-upon-add later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-file" did not work correctly when invoked in a
+   subdirectory.
+   (merge 204a8ff ab/merge-file-prefix later to maint).
+
+ * "git blame" could die trying to free an uninitialized piece of
+   memory.
+   (merge e600592 es/blame-commit-info-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git fast-import" used to crash when it could not close and
+   finalize the resulting packfile cleanly.
+   (merge 5e915f3 jk/fast-import-die-nicely-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "update-index --refresh" used to leak memory when an entry could
+   not be refreshed for whatever reason.
+   (merge bc1c2ca sb/plug-leak-in-make-cache-entry later to maint).
+
+ * The "interpolated-path" option of "git daemon" inserted any string
+   the client declared on the "host=" capability request without
+   checking. Sanitize and limit %H and %CH to a saner and a valid DNS
+   name.
+   (merge b485373 jk/daemon-interpolate later to maint).
+
+ * "git daemon" unnecessarily looked up the hostname even when "%CH"
+   and "%IP" interpolations were not requested.
+   (merge dc8edc8 rs/daemon-interpolate later to maint).
+
+ * We relied on "--no-" prefix handling in Perl's Getopt::Long
+   package, even though that support didn't exist in Perl 5.8 (which
+   we still support). Manually add support to help people with older
+   Getopt::Long packages.
+   (merge f471494 km/send-email-getopt-long-workarounds later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply" was not very careful about reading from, removing,
+   updating and creating paths outside the working tree (under
+   --index/--cached) or the current directory (when used as a
+   replacement for GNU patch).
+   (merge e0d201b jc/apply-beyond-symlink later to maint).
+
+ * Correct a breakage in git-svn, introduced around the v2.2 era, that
+   can cause FileHandles to be closed prematurely.
+   (merge e426311 ew/svn-maint-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * We did not parse usernames followed by literal IPv6 addresses
+   correctly in SSH transport URLs; e.g.,
+   ssh://user@[2001:db8::1]:22/repo.git.
+   (merge 6b6c5f7 tb/connect-ipv6-parse-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The configuration variable 'mailinfo.scissors' was hard to
+   discover in the documentation.
+   (merge afb5de7 mm/am-c-doc later to maint).
+
+ * The interaction between "git submodule update" and the
+   submodule.*.update configuration was not clearly documented.
+   (merge 5c31acf ms/submodule-update-config-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --shortstat" used together with "--dirstat=changes" or
+   "--dirstat=files" incorrectly output dirstat information twice.
+   (merge ab27389 mk/diff-shortstat-dirstat-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The manpage for "git remote add" mentioned "--tags" and "--no-tags"
+   but did not explain what happens if neither option is provided.
+   (merge aaba0ab mg/doc-remote-tags-or-not later to maint).
+
+ * The description of "--exclude-standard option" in the output of
+   "git grep -h" was phrased poorly.
+   (merge 77fdb8a nd/grep-exclude-standard-help-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" recently started to include the number of commits
+   in the todo list, but that output included extraneous whitespace on
+   a platform that prepends leading whitespaces to its "wc -l" output.
+   (merge 2185d3b es/rebase-i-count-todo later to maint).
+
+ * The borrowed code in the kwset API did not follow our usual
+   convention to use "unsigned char" to store values that range from
+   0-255.
+   (merge 189c860 bw/kwset-use-unsigned later to maint).
+
+ * A corrupt input to "git diff -M" used to cause it to segfault.
+   (merge 4d6be03 jk/diffcore-rename-duplicate later to maint).
+
+ * Certain builds of GPG triggered false breakages in a test.
+   (merge 3f88c1b mg/verify-commit later to maint).
+
+ * "git imap-send" learned to optionally talk with an IMAP server via
+   libcURL. Because there is no other option when Git is built with
+   the NO_OPENSSL option, use libcURL by default in that case.
+   (merge dcd01ea km/imap-send-libcurl-options later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not reset colors correctly around the
+   branch names.
+   (merge 5ee8758 jc/decorate-leaky-separator-color later to maint).
+
+ * The code that reads from the ctags file in the completion script
+   (in contrib/) did not spell ${param/pattern/string} substitution
+   correctly, which happened to work with bash but not with zsh.
+   (merge db8d750 js/completion-ctags-pattern-substitution-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The transfer.hiderefs support did not quite work for smart-http
+   transport.
+   (merge 8ddf3ca jk/smart-http-hide-refs later to maint).
+
+ * In the "git tag -h" output, move the documentation for the
+   "--column" and "--sort" options to the "Tag listing options"
+   section.
+   (merge dd059c6 jk/tag-h-column-is-a-listing-option later to maint).
+
+ * "git prune" used to largely ignore broken refs when deciding which
+   objects are still being used, which could cause reference
+   corruption to lead to object loss.
+   (merge ea56c4e jk/prune-with-corrupt-refs later to maint).
+
+ * The split-index mode introduced in v2.3.0-rc0~41 was broken in the
+   codepath to protect us against a broken reimplementation of Git
+   that writes an invalid index with duplicated index entries, etc.
+   (merge 03f15a7 tg/fix-check-order-with-split-index later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch", when fetching a commit using the
+   allow-tip-sha1-in-want extension, could have failed to fetch all of
+   the requested refs.
+   (merge 32d0462 jk/fetch-pack later to maint).
+
+ * An failure early in the "git clone" that started creating the
+   working tree and repository could have resulted in the failure to
+   clean up some directories and files.
+   (merge 16eff6c jk/cleanup-failed-clone later to maint).
+
+ * Recommend format-patch and send-email for those who want to submit
+   patches to this project.
+   (merge b25c469 jc/submitting-patches-mention-send-email later to maint).
+
+ * Do not spawn the pager when "git grep" is run with "--quiet".
+   (merge c2048f0 ws/grep-quiet-no-pager later to maint).
+
+ * The prompt script (in contrib/) did not show the untracked sign
+   when working in a subdirectory without any untracked files.
+   (merge 9bdc517 ct/prompt-untracked-fix later to maint).
+
+ * An earlier update to the URL parser broke an address that contains
+   a colon but an empty string for the port number, like
+   ssh://example.com:/path/to/repo.
+   (merge 6b6c5f7 tb/connect-ipv6-parse-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Code cleanups and documentation updates.
+   (merge 2ce63e9 rs/simple-cleanups later to maint).
+   (merge 33baa69 rj/no-xopen-source-for-cygwin later to maint).
+   (merge 817d03e jc/diff-test-updates later to maint).
+   (merge eb32c66 ak/t5516-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge bcd57cb mr/doc-clean-f-f later to maint).
+   (merge 0d6accc mg/doc-status-color-slot later to maint).
+   (merge 53e53c7 sg/completion-remote later to maint).
+   (merge 8fa7975 ak/git-done-help-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 9a6f128 rs/deflate-init-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 6f75d45 rs/use-isxdigit later to maint).
+   (merge 376e4b3 jk/test-annoyances later to maint).
+   (merge 7032054 nd/doc-git-index-version later to maint).
+   (merge e869c5e tg/test-index-v4 later to maint).
+   (merge 599d223 jk/simplify-csum-file-sha1fd-check later to maint).
+   (merge 260d585 sg/completion-gitcomp-nl-for-refs later to maint).
+   (merge 777c55a jc/report-path-error-to-dir later to maint).
+   (merge fddfaf8 ph/push-doc-cas later to maint).
+   (merge d50d31e ss/pull-rebase-preserve later to maint).
+   (merge c8c3f1d pt/enter-repo-comment-fix later to maint).
+   (merge d7bfb9e jz/gitweb-conf-doc-fix later to maint).
+   (merge f907282 jk/cherry-pick-docfix later to maint).
+   (merge d3c0811 iu/fix-parse-options-h-comment later to maint).
+   (merge 6c3b2af jg/cguide-we-cannot-count later to maint).
+   (merge 2b8bd44 jk/pack-corruption-post-mortem later to maint).
+   (merge 9585cb8 jn/doc-fast-import-no-16-octopus-limit later to maint).
+   (merge 5dcd1b1 ps/grep-help-all-callback-arg later to maint).
+   (merge f1f4c84 va/fix-git-p4-tests later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a65a6c5829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Git v2.4.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4
+----------------
+
+ * The usual "git diff" when seeing a file turning into a directory
+   showed a patchset to remove the file and create all files in the
+   directory, but "git diff --no-index" simply refused to work.  Also,
+   when asked to compare a file and a directory, imitate POSIX "diff"
+   and compare the file with the file with the same name in the
+   directory, instead of refusing to run.
+
+ * The default $HOME/.gitconfig file created upon "git config --global"
+   that edits it had incorrectly spelled user.name and user.email
+   entries in it.
+
+ * "git commit --date=now" or anything that relies on approxidate lost
+   the daylight-saving-time offset.
+
+ * "git cat-file bl $blob" failed to barf even though there is no
+   object type that is "bl".
+
+ * Teach the codepaths that read .gitignore and .gitattributes files
+   that these files encoded in UTF-8 may have UTF-8 BOM marker at the
+   beginning; this makes it in line with what we do for configuration
+   files already.
+
+ * Access to objects in repositories that borrow from another one on a
+   slow NFS server unnecessarily got more expensive due to recent code
+   becoming more cautious in a naive way not to lose objects to pruning.
+
+ * We avoid setting core.worktree when the repository location is the
+   ".git" directory directly at the top level of the working tree, but
+   the code misdetected the case in which the working tree is at the
+   root level of the filesystem (which arguably is a silly thing to
+   do, but still valid).
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.10.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8621199bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Git v2.4.10 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.9
+------------------
+
+ * xdiff code we use to generate diffs is not prepared to handle
+   extremely large files.  It uses "int" in many places, which can
+   overflow if we have a very large number of lines or even bytes in
+   our input files, for example.  Cap the input size to soemwhere
+   around 1GB for now.
+
+ * Some protocols (like git-remote-ext) can execute arbitrary code
+   found in the URL.  The URLs that submodules use may come from
+   arbitrary sources (e.g., .gitmodules files in a remote
+   repository), and can hurt those who blindly enable recursive
+   fetch.  Restrict the allowed protocols to well known and safe
+   ones.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.11.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.11.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..723360295c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git v2.4.11 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.10
+-------------------
+
+ * Bugfix patches were backported from the 'master' front to plug heap
+   corruption holes, to catch integer overflow in the computation of
+   pathname lengths, and to get rid of the name_path API.  Both of
+   these would have resulted in writing over an under-allocated buffer
+   when formulating pathnames while tree traversal.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..250cdc423c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+Git v2.4.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.1
+------------------
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects $old --not --all" to see if everything that
+   is reachable from $old is already connected to the existing refs
+   was very inefficient.
+
+ * "hash-object --literally" introduced in v2.2 was not prepared to
+   take a really long object type name.
+
+ * "git rebase --quiet" was not quite quiet when there is nothing to
+   do.
+
+ * The completion for "log --decorate=" parameter value was incorrect.
+
+ * "filter-branch" corrupted commit log message that ends with an
+   incomplete line on platforms with some "sed" implementations that
+   munge such a line.  Work it around by avoiding to use "sed".
+
+ * "git daemon" fails to build from the source under NO_IPV6
+   configuration (regression in 2.4).
+
+ * "git stash pop/apply" forgot to make sure that not just the working
+   tree is clean but also the index is clean. The latter is important
+   as a stash application can conflict and the index will be used for
+   conflict resolution.
+
+ * We have prepended $GIT_EXEC_PATH and the path "git" is installed in
+   (typically "/usr/bin") to $PATH when invoking subprograms and hooks
+   for almost eternity, but the original use case the latter tried to
+   support was semi-bogus (i.e. install git to /opt/foo/git and run it
+   without having /opt/foo on $PATH), and more importantly it has
+   become less and less relevant as Git grew more mainstream (i.e. the
+   users would _want_ to have it on their $PATH).  Stop prepending the
+   path in which "git" is installed to users' $PATH, as that would
+   interfere the command search order people depend on (e.g. they may
+   not like versions of programs that are unrelated to Git in /usr/bin
+   and want to override them by having different ones in /usr/local/bin
+   and have the latter directory earlier in their $PATH).
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..914d2c1860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+Git v2.4.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.3
+------------------
+
+ * Error messages from "git branch" called remote-tracking branches as
+   "remote branches".
+
+ * "git rerere forget" in a repository without rerere enabled gave a
+   cryptic error message; it should be a silent no-op instead.
+
+ * "git pull --log" and "git pull --no-log" worked as expected, but
+   "git pull --log=20" did not.
+
+ * The pull.ff configuration was supposed to override the merge.ff
+   configuration, but it didn't.
+
+ * The code to read pack-bitmap wanted to allocate a few hundred
+   pointers to a structure, but by mistake allocated and leaked memory
+   enough to hold that many actual structures.  Correct the allocation
+   size and also have it on stack, as it is small enough.
+
+ * Various documentation mark-up fixes to make the output more
+   consistent in general and also make AsciiDoctor (an alternative
+   formatter) happier.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not diagnose extra parameters on the
+   command line.
+
+ * Multi-ref transaction support we merged a few releases ago
+   unnecessarily kept many file descriptors open, risking to fail with
+   resource exhaustion.
+
+ * The ref API did not handle cases where 'refs/heads/xyzzy/frotz' is
+   removed at the same time as 'refs/heads/xyzzy' is added (or vice
+   versa) very well.
+
+ * The "log --decorate" enhancement in Git 2.4 that shows the commit
+   at the tip of the current branch e.g. "HEAD -> master", did not
+   work with --decorate=full.
+
+ * There was a commented-out (instead of being marked to expect
+   failure) test that documented a breakage that was fixed since the
+   test was written; turn it into a proper test.
+
+ * core.excludesfile (defaulting to $XDG_HOME/git/ignore) is supposed
+   to be overridden by repository-specific .git/info/exclude file, but
+   the order was swapped from the beginning. This belatedly fixes it.
+
+ * The connection initiation code for "ssh" transport tried to absorb
+   differences between the stock "ssh" and Putty-supplied "plink" and
+   its derivatives, but the logic to tell that we are using "plink"
+   variants were too loose and falsely triggered when "plink" appeared
+   anywhere in the path (e.g. "/home/me/bin/uplink/ssh").
+
+ * "git rebase -i" moved the "current" command from "todo" to "done" a
+   bit too prematurely, losing a step when a "pick" did not even start.
+
+ * "git add -e" did not allow the user to abort the operation by
+   killing the editor.
+
+ * Git 2.4 broke setting verbosity and progress levels on "git clone"
+   with native transports.
+
+ * Some time ago, "git blame" (incorrectly) lost the convert_to_git()
+   call when synthesizing a fake "tip" commit that represents the
+   state in the working tree, which broke folks who record the history
+   with LF line ending to make their project portabile across
+   platforms while terminating lines in their working tree files with
+   CRLF for their platform.
+
+ * Code clean-up for xdg configuration path support.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1ccd001be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+Git v2.4.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.3
+------------------
+
+ * l10n updates for German.
+
+ * An earlier leakfix to bitmap testing code was incomplete.
+
+ * "git clean pathspec..." tried to lstat(2) and complain even for
+   paths outside the given pathspec.
+
+ * Communication between the HTTP server and http_backend process can
+   lead to a dead-lock when relaying a large ref negotiation request.
+   Diagnose the situation better, and mitigate it by reading such a
+   request first into core (to a reasonable limit).
+
+ * The clean/smudge interface did not work well when filtering an
+   empty contents (failed and then passed the empty input through).
+   It can be argued that a filter that produces anything but empty for
+   an empty input is nonsense, but if the user wants to do strange
+   things, then why not?
+
+ * Make "git stash something --help" error out, so that users can
+   safely say "git stash drop --help".
+
+ * Clarify that "log --raw" and "log --format=raw" are unrelated
+   concepts.
+
+ * Catch a programmer mistake to feed a pointer not an array to
+   ARRAY_SIZE() macro, by using a couple of GCC extensions.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..568297ccb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Git v2.4.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.4
+------------------
+
+ * The setup code used to die when core.bare and core.worktree are set
+   inconsistently, even for commands that do not need working tree.
+
+ * There was a dead code that used to handle "git pull --tags" and
+   show special-cased error message, which was made irrelevant when
+   the semantics of the option changed back in Git 1.9 days.
+
+ * "color.diff.plain" was a misnomer; give it 'color.diff.context' as
+   a more logical synonym.
+
+ * The configuration reader/writer uses mmap(2) interface to access
+   the files; when we find a directory, it barfed with "Out of memory?".
+
+ * Recent "git prune" traverses young unreachable objects to safekeep
+   old objects in the reachability chain from them, which sometimes
+   showed unnecessary error messages that are alarming.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" fired post-rewrite hook when it shouldn't (namely,
+   when it was told to stop sequencing with 'exec' insn).
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b53f353939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git v2.4.6 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.5
+------------------
+
+ * "git fetch --depth=<depth>" and "git clone --depth=<depth>" issued
+   a shallow transfer request even to an upload-pack that does not
+   support the capability.
+
+ * "git fsck" used to ignore missing or invalid objects recorded in reflog.
+
+ * The tcsh completion writes a bash scriptlet but that would have
+   failed for users with noclobber set.
+
+ * Recent Mac OS X updates breaks the logic to detect that the machine
+   is on the AC power in the sample pre-auto-gc script.
+
+ * "git format-patch --ignore-if-upstream A..B" did not like to be fed
+   tags as boundary commits.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3ac412b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Git v2.4.7 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.6
+------------------
+
+ * A minor regression to "git fsck" in v2.2 era was fixed; it
+   complained about a body-less tag object when it lacked a
+   separator empty line after its header to separate it with a
+   non-existent body.
+
+ * We used to ask libCURL to use the most secure authentication method
+   available when talking to an HTTP proxy only when we were told to
+   talk to one via configuration variables.  We now ask libCURL to
+   always use the most secure authentication method, because the user
+   can tell libCURL to use an HTTP proxy via an environment variable
+   without using configuration variables.
+
+ * When you say "!<ENTER>" while running say "git log", you'd confuse
+   yourself in the resulting shell, that may look as if you took
+   control back to the original shell you spawned "git log" from but
+   that isn't what is happening.  To that new shell, we leaked
+   GIT_PAGER_IN_USE environment variable that was meant as a local
+   communication between the original "Git" and subprocesses that was
+   spawned by it after we launched the pager, which caused many
+   "interesting" things to happen, e.g. "git diff | cat" still paints
+   its output in color by default.
+
+   Stop leaking that environment variable to the pager's half of the
+   fork; we only need it on "Git" side when we spawn the pager.
+
+ * Avoid possible ssize_t to int truncation.
+
+ * "git config" failed to update the configuration file when the
+   underlying filesystem is incapable of renaming a file that is still
+   open.
+
+ * A minor bugfix when pack bitmap is used with "rev-list --count".
+
+ * An ancient test framework enhancement to allow color was not
+   entirely correct; this makes it work even when tput needs to read
+   from the ~/.terminfo under the user's real HOME directory.
+
+ * Fix a small bug in our use of umask() return value.
+
+ * "git rebase" did not exit with failure when format-patch it invoked
+   failed for whatever reason.
+
+ * Disable "have we lost a race with competing repack?" check while
+   receiving a huge object transfer that runs index-pack.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad946b2673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Git v2.4.8 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.7
+------------------
+
+ * Abandoning an already applied change in "git rebase -i" with
+   "--continue" left CHERRY_PICK_HEAD and confused later steps.
+
+ * Various fixes around "git am" that applies a patch to a history
+   that is not there yet.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" reported "missing object" for 0{40} when it
+   encounters a broken ref.  The lack of object whose name is 0{40} is
+   not the problem; the ref being broken is.
+
+ * "git commit --cleanup=scissors" was not careful enough to protect
+   against getting fooled by a line that looked like scissors.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.9.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.9.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09af9ddbc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v2.4.9 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.4.9
+------------------
+
+ * A handful of codepaths that used to use fixed-sized arrays to hold
+   pathnames have been corrected to use strbuf and other mechanisms to
+   allow longer pathnames without fearing overflows.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87044504c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+Git 2.5 Release Notes
+=====================
+
+Updates since v2.4
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * The bash completion script (in contrib/) learned a few options that
+   "git revert" takes.
+
+ * Whitespace breakages in deleted and context lines can also be
+   painted in the output of "git diff" and friends with the new
+   --ws-error-highlight option.
+
+ * List of commands shown by "git help" are grouped along the workflow
+   elements to help early learners.
+
+ * "git p4" now detects the filetype (e.g. binary) correctly even when
+   the files are opened exclusively.
+
+ * git p4 attempts to better handle branches in Perforce.
+
+ * "git p4" learned "--changes-block-size <n>" to read the changes in
+   chunks from Perforce, instead of making one call to "p4 changes"
+   that may trigger "too many rows scanned" error from Perforce.
+
+ * More workaround for Perforce's row number limit in "git p4".
+
+ * Unlike "$EDITOR" and "$GIT_EDITOR" that can hold the path to the
+   command and initial options (e.g. "/path/to/emacs -nw"), 'git p4'
+   did not let the shell interpolate the contents of the environment
+   variable that name the editor "$P4EDITOR" (and "$EDITOR", too).
+   This release makes it in line with the rest of Git, as well as with
+   Perforce.
+
+ * A new short-hand <branch>@{push} denotes the remote-tracking branch
+   that tracks the branch at the remote the <branch> would be pushed
+   to.
+
+ * "git show-branch --topics HEAD" (with no other arguments) did not
+   do anything interesting.  Instead, contrast the given revision
+   against all the local branches by default.
+
+ * A replacement for contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir that does not
+   rely on symbolic links and make sharing of objects and refs safer
+   by making the borrowee and borrowers aware of each other.
+
+   Consider this as still an experimental feature; its UI is still
+   likely to change.
+
+ * Tweak the sample "store" backend of the credential helper to honor
+   XDG configuration file locations when specified.
+
+ * A heuristic we use to catch mistyped paths on the command line
+   "git <cmd> <revs> <pathspec>" is to make sure that all the non-rev
+   parameters in the later part of the command line are names of the
+   files in the working tree, but that means "git grep $str -- \*.c"
+   must always be disambiguated with "--", because nobody sane will
+   create a file whose name literally is asterisk-dot-see.  Loosen the
+   heuristic to declare that with a wildcard string the user likely
+   meant to give us a pathspec.
+
+ * "git merge FETCH_HEAD" learned that the previous "git fetch" could
+   be to create an Octopus merge, i.e. recording multiple branches
+   that are not marked as "not-for-merge"; this allows us to lose an
+   old style invocation "git merge <msg> HEAD $commits..." in the
+   implementation of "git pull" script; the old style syntax can now
+   be deprecated (but not removed yet).
+
+ * Filter scripts were run with SIGPIPE disabled on the Git side,
+   expecting that they may not read what Git feeds them to filter.
+   We however treated a filter that does not read its input fully
+   before exiting as an error.  We no longer do and ignore EPIPE
+   when writing to feed the filter scripts.
+
+   This changes semantics, but arguably in a good way.  If a filter
+   can produce its output without fully consuming its input using
+   whatever magic, we now let it do so, instead of diagnosing it
+   as a programming error.
+
+ * Instead of dying immediately upon failing to obtain a lock, the
+   locking (of refs etc) retries after a short while with backoff.
+
+ * Introduce http.<url>.SSLCipherList configuration variable to tweak
+   the list of cipher suite to be used with libcURL when talking with
+   https:// sites.
+
+ * "git subtree" script (in contrib/) used "echo -n" to produce
+   progress messages in a non-portable way.
+
+ * "git subtree" script (in contrib/) does not have --squash option
+   when pushing, but the documentation and help text pretended as if
+   it did.
+
+ * The Git subcommand completion (in contrib/) no longer lists credential
+   helpers among candidates; they are not something the end user would
+   invoke interactively.
+
+ * The index file can be taught with "update-index --untracked-cache"
+   to optionally remember already seen untracked files, in order to
+   speed up "git status" in a working tree with tons of cruft.
+
+ * "git mergetool" learned to drive WinMerge as a backend.
+
+ * "git upload-pack" that serves "git fetch" can be told to serve
+   commits that are not at the tip of any ref, as long as they are
+   reachable from a ref, with uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant
+   configuration variable.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch(-check)" learned the "--follow-symlinks"
+   option that follows an in-tree symbolic link when asked about an
+   object via extended SHA-1 syntax, e.g. HEAD:RelNotes that points at
+   Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt.  With the new option, the command
+   behaves as if HEAD:Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt was given as
+   input instead.
+
+   Consider this as still an experimental and incomplete feature:
+
+    - We may want to do the same for in-index objects, e.g.
+      asking for :RelNotes with this option should give
+      :Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt, too
+
+    - "git cat-file --follow-symlinks blob HEAD:RelNotes"
+      may also be something we want to allow in the future.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned the alias file format used by the sendmail
+   program (in a simplified form; we obviously do not feed pipes).
+
+ * Traditionally, external low-level 3-way merge drivers are expected
+   to produce their results based solely on the contents of the three
+   variants given in temporary files named by %O, %A and %B on their
+   command line.  Additionally allow them to look at the final path
+   (given by %P).
+
+ * "git blame" learned blame.showEmail configuration variable.
+
+ * "git apply" cannot diagnose a patch corruption when the breakage is
+   to mark the length of the hunk shorter than it really is on the
+   hunk header line "@@ -l,k +m,n @@"; one special case it could is
+   when the hunk becomes no-op (e.g. k == n == 2 for two-line context
+   patch output), and it learned to do so in this special case.
+
+ * Add the "--allow-unknown-type" option to "cat-file" to allow
+   inspecting loose objects of an experimental or a broken type.
+
+ * Many long-running operations show progress eye-candy, even when
+   they are later backgrounded.  Hide the eye-candy when the process
+   is sent to the background instead.
+   (merge a4fb76c lm/squelch-bg-progress later to maint).
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * "unsigned char [20]" used throughout the code to represent object
+   names are being converted into a semi-opaque "struct object_id".
+   This effort is expected to interfere with other topics in flight,
+   but hopefully will give us one extra level of abstraction in the
+   end, when completed.
+
+ * for_each_ref() callback functions were taught to name the objects
+   not with "unsigned char sha1[20]" but with "struct object_id".
+
+ * Catch a programmer mistake to feed a pointer not an array to
+   ARRAY_SIZE() macro, by using a couple of GCC extensions.
+
+ * Some error messages in "git config" were emitted without calling
+   the usual error() facility.
+
+ * When "add--interactive" splits a hunk into two overlapping hunks
+   and then let the user choose only one, it sometimes feeds an
+   incorrect patch text to "git apply".  Add tests to demonstrate
+   this.
+
+   I have a slight suspicion that this may be $gmane/87202 coming back
+   and biting us (I seem to have said "let's run with this and see
+   what happens" back then).
+
+ * More line-ending tests.
+
+ * An earlier rewrite to use strbuf_getwholeline() instead of fgets(3)
+   to read packed-refs file revealed that the former is unacceptably
+   inefficient.  It has been optimized by using getdelim(3) when
+   available.
+
+ * The refs API uses ref_lock struct which had its own "int fd", even
+   though the same file descriptor was in the lock struct it contains.
+   Clean-up the code to lose this redundant field.
+
+ * There was a dead code that used to handle "git pull --tags" and
+   show special-cased error message, which was made irrelevant when
+   the semantics of the option changed back in Git 1.9 days.
+   (merge 19d122b pt/pull-tags-error-diag later to maint).
+
+ * Help us to find broken test script that splits the body part of the
+   test by mistaken use of wrong kind of quotes.
+   (merge d93d5d5 jc/test-prereq-validate later to maint).
+
+ * Developer support to automatically detect broken &&-chain in the
+   test scripts is now turned on by default.
+   (merge 92b269f jk/test-chain-lint later to maint).
+
+ * Error reporting mechanism used in "refs" API has been made more
+   consistent.
+
+ * "git pull" has more test coverage now.
+
+ * "git pull" has become more aware of the options meant for
+   underlying "git fetch" and then learned to use parse-options
+   parser.
+
+ * Clarify in the Makefile a guideline to decide use of USE_NSEC.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.4
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.4 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * Git 2.4 broke setting verbosity and progress levels on "git clone"
+   with native transports.
+   (merge 822f0c4 mh/clone-verbosity-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git add -e" did not allow the user to abort the operation by
+   killing the editor.
+   (merge cb64800 jk/add-e-kill-editor later to maint).
+
+ * Memory usage of "git index-pack" has been trimmed by tens of
+   per-cent.
+   (merge f0e7f11 nd/slim-index-pack-memory-usage later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects $old --not --all" to see if everything that
+   is reachable from $old is already connected to the existing refs
+   was very inefficient.
+   (merge b6e8a3b jk/still-interesting later to maint).
+
+ * "hash-object --literally" introduced in v2.2 was not prepared to
+   take a really long object type name.
+   (merge 1427a7f jc/hash-object later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --quiet" was not quite quiet when there is nothing to
+   do.
+   (merge 22946a9 jk/rebase-quiet-noop later to maint).
+
+ * The completion for "log --decorate=" parameter value was incorrect.
+   (merge af16bda sg/complete-decorate-full-not-long later to maint).
+
+ * "filter-branch" corrupted commit log message that ends with an
+   incomplete line on platforms with some "sed" implementations that
+   munge such a line.  Work it around by avoiding to use "sed".
+   (merge df06201 jk/filter-branch-use-of-sed-on-incomplete-line later to maint).
+
+ * "git daemon" fails to build from the source under NO_IPV6
+   configuration (regression in 2.4).
+   (merge d358f77 jc/daemon-no-ipv6-for-2.4.1 later to maint).
+
+ * Some time ago, "git blame" (incorrectly) lost the convert_to_git()
+   call when synthesizing a fake "tip" commit that represents the
+   state in the working tree, which broke folks who record the history
+   with LF line ending to make their project portable across platforms
+   while terminating lines in their working tree files with CRLF for
+   their platform.
+   (merge 4bf256d tb/blame-resurrect-convert-to-git later to maint).
+
+ * We avoid setting core.worktree when the repository location is the
+   ".git" directory directly at the top level of the working tree, but
+   the code misdetected the case in which the working tree is at the
+   root level of the filesystem (which arguably is a silly thing to
+   do, but still valid).
+   (merge 84ccad8 jk/init-core-worktree-at-root later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --date=now" or anything that relies on approxidate lost
+   the daylight-saving-time offset.
+   (merge f6e6362 jc/epochtime-wo-tz later to maint).
+
+ * Access to objects in repositories that borrow from another one on a
+   slow NFS server unnecessarily got more expensive due to recent code
+   becoming more cautious in a naive way not to lose objects to pruning.
+   (merge ee1c6c3 jk/prune-mtime later to maint).
+
+ * The codepaths that read .gitignore and .gitattributes files have been
+   taught that these files encoded in UTF-8 may have UTF-8 BOM marker at
+   the beginning; this makes it in line with what we do for configuration
+   files already.
+   (merge 27547e5 cn/bom-in-gitignore later to maint).
+
+ * a few helper scripts in the test suite did not report errors
+   correctly.
+   (merge de248e9 ep/fix-test-lib-functions-report later to maint).
+
+ * The default $HOME/.gitconfig file created upon "git config --global"
+   that edits it had incorrectly spelled user.name and user.email
+   entries in it.
+   (merge 7e11052 oh/fix-config-default-user-name-section later to maint).
+
+ * "git cat-file bl $blob" failed to barf even though there is no
+   object type that is "bl".
+   (merge b7994af jk/type-from-string-gently later to maint).
+
+ * The usual "git diff" when seeing a file turning into a directory
+   showed a patchset to remove the file and create all files in the
+   directory, but "git diff --no-index" simply refused to work.  Also,
+   when asked to compare a file and a directory, imitate POSIX "diff"
+   and compare the file with the file with the same name in the
+   directory, instead of refusing to run.
+   (merge 0615173 jc/diff-no-index-d-f later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" moved the "current" command from "todo" to "done" a
+   bit too prematurely, losing a step when a "pick" did not even start.
+   (merge 8cbc57c ph/rebase-i-redo later to maint).
+
+ * The connection initiation code for "ssh" transport tried to absorb
+   differences between the stock "ssh" and Putty-supplied "plink" and
+   its derivatives, but the logic to tell that we are using "plink"
+   variants were too loose and falsely triggered when "plink" appeared
+   anywhere in the path (e.g. "/home/me/bin/uplink/ssh").
+   (merge baaf233 bc/connect-plink later to maint).
+
+ * We have prepended $GIT_EXEC_PATH and the path "git" is installed in
+   (typically "/usr/bin") to $PATH when invoking subprograms and hooks
+   for almost eternity, but the original use case the latter tried to
+   support was semi-bogus (i.e. install git to /opt/foo/git and run it
+   without having /opt/foo on $PATH), and more importantly it has
+   become less and less relevant as Git grew more mainstream (i.e. the
+   users would _want_ to have it on their $PATH).  Stop prepending the
+   path in which "git" is installed to users' $PATH, as that would
+   interfere the command search order people depend on (e.g. they may
+   not like versions of programs that are unrelated to Git in /usr/bin
+   and want to override them by having different ones in /usr/local/bin
+   and have the latter directory earlier in their $PATH).
+   (merge a0b4507 jk/git-no-more-argv0-path-munging later to maint).
+
+ * core.excludesfile (defaulting to $XDG_HOME/git/ignore) is supposed
+   to be overridden by repository-specific .git/info/exclude file, but
+   the order was swapped from the beginning. This belatedly fixes it.
+   (merge 099d2d8 jc/gitignore-precedence later to maint).
+
+ * There was a commented-out (instead of being marked to expect
+   failure) test that documented a breakage that was fixed since the
+   test was written; turn it into a proper test.
+   (merge 66d2e04 sb/t1020-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * The "log --decorate" enhancement in Git 2.4 that shows the commit
+   at the tip of the current branch e.g. "HEAD -> master", did not
+   work with --decorate=full.
+   (merge 429ad20 mg/log-decorate-HEAD later to maint).
+
+ * The ref API did not handle cases where 'refs/heads/xyzzy/frotz' is
+   removed at the same time as 'refs/heads/xyzzy' is added (or vice
+   versa) very well.
+   (merge c628edf mh/ref-directory-file later to maint).
+
+ * Multi-ref transaction support we merged a few releases ago
+   unnecessarily kept many file descriptors open, risking to fail with
+   resource exhaustion.  This is for 2.4.x track.
+   (merge 185ce3a mh/write-refs-sooner-2.4 later to maint).
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not diagnose extra parameters on the
+   command line.
+   (merge 7886cfa ps/bundle-verify-arg later to maint).
+
+ * Various documentation mark-up fixes to make the output more
+   consistent in general and also make AsciiDoctor (an alternative
+   formatter) happier.
+   (merge d0258b9 jk/asciidoc-markup-fix later to maint).
+   (merge ad3967a jk/stripspace-asciidoctor-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 975e382 ja/tutorial-asciidoctor-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The code to read pack-bitmap wanted to allocate a few hundred
+   pointers to a structure, but by mistake allocated and leaked memory
+   enough to hold that many actual structures.  Correct the allocation
+   size and also have it on stack, as it is small enough.
+   (merge 599dc76 rs/plug-leak-in-pack-bitmaps later to maint).
+
+ * The pull.ff configuration was supposed to override the merge.ff
+   configuration, but it didn't.
+   (merge db9bb28 pt/pull-ff-vs-merge-ff later to maint).
+
+ * "git pull --log" and "git pull --no-log" worked as expected, but
+   "git pull --log=20" did not.
+   (merge 5061a44 pt/pull-log-n later to maint).
+
+ * "git rerere forget" in a repository without rerere enabled gave a
+   cryptic error message; it should be a silent no-op instead.
+   (merge 0544574 jk/rerere-forget-check-enabled later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" fired post-rewrite hook when it shouldn't (namely,
+   when it was told to stop sequencing with 'exec' insn).
+   (merge 141ff8f mm/rebase-i-post-rewrite-exec later to maint).
+
+ * Clarify that "log --raw" and "log --format=raw" are unrelated
+   concepts.
+   (merge 92de921 mm/log-format-raw-doc later to maint).
+
+ * Make "git stash something --help" error out, so that users can
+   safely say "git stash drop --help".
+   (merge 5ba2831 jk/stash-options later to maint).
+
+ * The clean/smudge interface did not work well when filtering an
+   empty contents (failed and then passed the empty input through).
+   It can be argued that a filter that produces anything but empty for
+   an empty input is nonsense, but if the user wants to do strange
+   things, then why not?
+   (merge f6a1e1e jh/filter-empty-contents later to maint).
+
+ * Communication between the HTTP server and http_backend process can
+   lead to a dead-lock when relaying a large ref negotiation request.
+   Diagnose the situation better, and mitigate it by reading such a
+   request first into core (to a reasonable limit).
+   (merge 636614f jk/http-backend-deadlock later to maint).
+
+ * "git clean pathspec..." tried to lstat(2) and complain even for
+   paths outside the given pathspec.
+   (merge 838d6a9 dt/clean-pathspec-filter-then-lstat later to maint).
+
+ * Recent "git prune" traverses young unreachable objects to safekeep
+   old objects in the reachability chain from them, which sometimes
+   caused error messages that are unnecessarily alarming.
+   (merge ce4e7b2 jk/squelch-missing-link-warning-for-unreachable later to maint).
+
+ * The configuration reader/writer uses mmap(2) interface to access
+   the files; when we find a directory, it barfed with "Out of memory?".
+   (merge 9ca0aaf jk/diagnose-config-mmap-failure later to maint).
+
+ * "color.diff.plain" was a misnomer; give it 'color.diff.context' as
+   a more logical synonym.
+   (merge 8dbf3eb jk/color-diff-plain-is-context later to maint).
+
+ * The setup code used to die when core.bare and core.worktree are set
+   inconsistently, even for commands that do not need working tree.
+   (merge fada767 jk/die-on-bogus-worktree-late later to maint).
+
+ * Recent Mac OS X updates breaks the logic to detect that the machine
+   is on the AC power in the sample pre-auto-gc script.
+   (merge c54c7b3 pa/auto-gc-mac-osx later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --cleanup=scissors" was not careful enough to protect
+   against getting fooled by a line that looked like scissors.
+   (merge fbfa097 sg/commit-cleanup-scissors later to maint).
+
+ * "Have we lost a race with competing repack?" check was too
+   expensive, especially while receiving a huge object transfer
+   that runs index-pack (e.g. "clone" or "fetch").
+   (merge 0eeb077 jk/index-pack-reduce-recheck later to maint).
+
+ * The tcsh completion writes a bash scriptlet but that would have
+   failed for users with noclobber set.
+   (merge 0b1f688 af/tcsh-completion-noclobber later to maint).
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" reported "missing object" for 0{40} when it
+   encounters a broken ref.  The lack of object whose name is 0{40} is
+   not the problem; the ref being broken is.
+   (merge 501cf47 mh/reporting-broken-refs-from-for-each-ref later to maint).
+
+ * Various fixes around "git am" that applies a patch to a history
+   that is not there yet.
+   (merge 6ea3b67 pt/am-abort-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git fsck" used to ignore missing or invalid objects recorded in reflog.
+   (merge 19bf6c9 mh/fsck-reflog-entries later to maint).
+
+ * "git format-patch --ignore-if-upstream A..B" did not like to be fed
+   tags as boundary commits.
+   (merge 9b7a61d jc/do-not-feed-tags-to-clear-commit-marks later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch --depth=<depth>" and "git clone --depth=<depth>" issued
+   a shallow transfer request even to an upload-pack that does not
+   support the capability.
+   (merge eb86a50 me/fetch-into-shallow-safety later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase" did not exit with failure when format-patch it invoked
+   failed for whatever reason.
+   (merge 60d708b cb/rebase-am-exit-code later to maint).
+
+ * Fix a small bug in our use of umask() return value.
+   (merge 3096b2e jk/fix-refresh-utime later to maint).
+
+ * An ancient test framework enhancement to allow color was not
+   entirely correct; this makes it work even when tput needs to read
+   from the ~/.terminfo under the user's real HOME directory.
+   (merge d5c1b7c rh/test-color-avoid-terminfo-in-original-home later to maint).
+
+ * A minor bugfix when pack bitmap is used with "rev-list --count".
+   (merge c8a70d3 jk/rev-list-no-bitmap-while-pruning later to maint).
+
+ * "git config" failed to update the configuration file when the
+   underlying filesystem is incapable of renaming a file that is still
+   open.
+   (merge 7a64592 kb/config-unmap-before-renaming later to maint).
+
+ * Avoid possible ssize_t to int truncation.
+   (merge 6c8afe4 mh/strbuf-read-file-returns-ssize-t later to maint).
+
+ * When you say "!<ENTER>" while running say "git log", you'd confuse
+   yourself in the resulting shell, that may look as if you took
+   control back to the original shell you spawned "git log" from but
+   that isn't what is happening.  To that new shell, we leaked
+   GIT_PAGER_IN_USE environment variable that was meant as a local
+   communication between the original "Git" and subprocesses that was
+   spawned by it after we launched the pager, which caused many
+   "interesting" things to happen, e.g. "git diff | cat" still paints
+   its output in color by default.
+
+   Stop leaking that environment variable to the pager's half of the
+   fork; we only need it on "Git" side when we spawn the pager.
+   (merge 124b519 jc/unexport-git-pager-in-use-in-pager later to maint).
+
+ * Abandoning an already applied change in "git rebase -i" with
+   "--continue" left CHERRY_PICK_HEAD and confused later steps.
+   (merge 0e0aff4 js/rebase-i-clean-up-upon-continue-to-skip later to maint).
+
+ * We used to ask libCURL to use the most secure authentication method
+   available when talking to an HTTP proxy only when we were told to
+   talk to one via configuration variables.  We now ask libCURL to
+   always use the most secure authentication method, because the user
+   can tell libCURL to use an HTTP proxy via an environment variable
+   without using configuration variables.
+   (merge 5841520 et/http-proxyauth later to maint).
+
+ * A fix to a minor regression to "git fsck" in v2.2 era that started
+   complaining about a body-less tag object when it lacks a separator
+   empty line after its header to separate it with a non-existent body.
+   (merge 84d18c0 jc/fsck-retire-require-eoh later to maint).
+
+ * Code cleanups and documentation updates.
+   (merge 0269f96 mm/usage-log-l-can-take-regex later to maint).
+   (merge 64f2589 nd/t1509-chroot-test later to maint).
+   (merge d201a1e sb/test-bitmap-free-at-end later to maint).
+   (merge 05bfc7d sb/line-log-plug-pairdiff-leak later to maint).
+   (merge 846e5df pt/xdg-config-path later to maint).
+   (merge 1154aa4 jc/plug-fmt-merge-msg-leak later to maint).
+   (merge 319b678 jk/sha1-file-reduce-useless-warnings later to maint).
+   (merge 9a35c14 fg/document-commit-message-stripping later to maint).
+   (merge bbf431c ps/doc-packfile-vs-pack-file later to maint).
+   (merge 309a9e3 jk/skip-http-tests-under-no-curl later to maint).
+   (merge ccd593c dl/branch-error-message later to maint).
+   (merge 22570b6 rs/janitorial later to maint).
+   (merge 5c2a581 mc/commit-doc-grammofix later to maint).
+   (merge ce41720 ah/usage-strings later to maint).
+   (merge e6a268c sb/glossary-submodule later to maint).
+   (merge ec48a76 sb/submodule-doc-intro later to maint).
+   (merge 14f8b9b jk/clone-dissociate later to maint).
+   (merge 055c7e9 sb/pack-protocol-mention-smart-http later to maint).
+   (merge 7c37a5d jk/make-fix-dependencies later to maint).
+   (merge fc0aa39 sg/merge-summary-config later to maint).
+   (merge 329af6c pt/t0302-needs-sanity later to maint).
+   (merge d614f07 fk/doc-format-patch-vn later to maint).
+   (merge 72dbb36 sg/completion-commit-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge e654eb2 es/utf8-stupid-compiler-workaround later to maint).
+   (merge 34b935c es/osx-header-pollutes-mask-macro later to maint).
+   (merge ab7fade jc/prompt-document-ps1-state-separator later to maint).
+   (merge 25f600e mm/describe-doc later to maint).
+   (merge 83fe167 mm/branch-doc-updates later to maint).
+   (merge 75d2e5a ls/hint-rev-list-count later to maint).
+   (merge edc8f71 cb/subtree-tests-update later to maint).
+   (merge 5330e6e sb/p5310-and-chain later to maint).
+   (merge c4ac525 tb/checkout-doc later to maint).
+   (merge e479c5f jk/pretty-encoding-doc later to maint).
+   (merge 7e837c6 ss/clone-guess-dir-name-simplify later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b70553308a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+Git v2.5.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.5
+----------------
+
+ * Running an aliased command from a subdirectory when the .git thing
+   in the working tree is a gitfile pointing elsewhere did not work.
+
+ * Often a fast-import stream builds a new commit on top of the
+   previous commit it built, and it often unconditionally emits a
+   "from" command to specify the first parent, which can be omitted in
+   such a case.  This caused fast-import to forget the tree of the
+   previous commit and then re-read it from scratch, which was
+   inefficient.  Optimize for this common case.
+
+ * The "rev-parse --parseopt" mode parsed the option specification
+   and the argument hint in a strange way to allow '=' and other
+   special characters in the option name while forbidding them from
+   the argument hint.  This made it impossible to define an option
+   like "--pair <key>=<value>" with "pair=key=value" specification,
+   which instead would have defined a "--pair=key <value>" option.
+
+ * A "rebase" replays changes of the local branch on top of something
+   else, as such they are placed in stage #3 and referred to as
+   "theirs", while the changes in the new base, typically a foreign
+   work, are placed in stage #2 and referred to as "ours".  Clarify
+   the "checkout --ours/--theirs".
+
+ * An experimental "untracked cache" feature used uname(2) in a
+   slightly unportable way.
+
+ * "sparse checkout" misbehaved for a path that is excluded from the
+   checkout when switching between branches that differ at the path.
+
+ * The low-level "git send-pack" did not honor 'user.signingkey'
+   configuration variable when sending a signed-push.
+
+ * An attempt to delete a ref by pushing into a repository whose HEAD
+   symbolic reference points at an unborn branch that cannot be
+   created due to ref D/F conflict (e.g. refs/heads/a/b exists, HEAD
+   points at refs/heads/a) failed.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) depended on "git log" output to be
+   stable, which was a no-no.  Apply a workaround to force a
+   particular date format.
+
+ * "git clone $URL" in recent releases of Git contains a regression in
+   the code that invents a new repository name incorrectly based on
+   the $URL.  This has been corrected.
+   (merge db2e220 jk/guess-repo-name-regression-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Running tests with the "-x" option to make them verbose had some
+   unpleasant interactions with other features of the test suite.
+   (merge 9b5fe78 jk/test-with-x later to maint).
+
+ * "git pull" in recent releases of Git has a regression in the code
+   that allows custom path to the --upload-pack=<program>.  This has
+   been corrected.
+
+ * pipe() emulation used in Git for Windows looked at a wrong variable
+   when checking for an error from an _open_osfhandle() call.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f749398bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+Git v2.5.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.5.1
+------------------
+
+ * "git init empty && git -C empty log" said "bad default revision 'HEAD'",
+   which was found to be a bit confusing to new users.
+
+ * The "interpret-trailers" helper mistook a multi-paragraph title of
+   a commit log message with a colon in it as the end of the trailer
+   block.
+
+ * When re-priming the cache-tree opportunistically while committing
+   the in-core index as-is, we mistakenly invalidated the in-core
+   index too aggressively, causing the experimental split-index code
+   to unnecessarily rewrite the on-disk index file(s).
+
+ * "git archive" did not use zip64 extension when creating an archive
+   with more than 64k entries, which nobody should need, right ;-)?
+
+ * The code in "multiple-worktree" support that attempted to recover
+   from an inconsistent state updated an incorrect file.
+
+ * "git rev-list" does not take "--notes" option, but did not complain
+   when one is given.
+
+ * Because the configuration system does not allow "alias.0foo" and
+   "pager.0foo" as the configuration key, the user cannot use '0foo'
+   as a custom command name anyway, but "git 0foo" tried to look these
+   keys up and emitted useless warnings before saying '0foo is not a
+   git command'.  These warning messages have been squelched.
+
+ * We recently rewrote one of the build scripts in Perl, which made it
+   necessary to have Perl to build Git.  Reduced Perl dependency by
+   rewriting it again using sed.
+
+ * t1509 test that requires a dedicated VM environment had some
+   bitrot, which has been corrected.
+
+ * strbuf_read() used to have one extra iteration (and an unnecessary
+   strbuf_grow() of 8kB), which was eliminated.
+
+ * The codepath to produce error messages had a hard-coded limit to
+   the size of the message, primarily to avoid memory allocation while
+   calling die().
+
+ * When trying to see that an object does not exist, a state errno
+   leaked from our "first try to open a packfile with O_NOATIME and
+   then if it fails retry without it" logic on a system that refuses
+   O_NOATIME.  This confused us and caused us to die, saying that the
+   packfile is unreadable, when we should have just reported that the
+   object does not exist in that packfile to the caller.
+
+ * An off-by-one error made "git remote" to mishandle a remote with a
+   single letter nickname.
+
+ * A handful of codepaths that used to use fixed-sized arrays to hold
+   pathnames have been corrected to use strbuf and other mechanisms to
+   allow longer pathnames without fearing overflows.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1436857cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Git v2.5.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.5.2
+------------------
+
+ * The experimental untracked-cache feature were buggy when paths with
+   a few levels of subdirectories are involved.
+
+ * Recent versions of scripted "git am" has a performance regression
+   in "git am --skip" codepath, which no longer exists in the
+   built-in version on the 'master' front.  Fix the regression in
+   the last scripted version that appear in 2.5.x maintenance track
+   and older.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5e8477a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Git v2.5.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.5.4
+------------------
+
+ * xdiff code we use to generate diffs is not prepared to handle
+   extremely large files.  It uses "int" in many places, which can
+   overflow if we have a very large number of lines or even bytes in
+   our input files, for example.  Cap the input size to soemwhere
+   around 1GB for now.
+
+ * Some protocols (like git-remote-ext) can execute arbitrary code
+   found in the URL.  The URLs that submodules use may come from
+   arbitrary sources (e.g., .gitmodules files in a remote
+   repository), and can hurt those who blindly enable recursive
+   fetch.  Restrict the allowed protocols to well known and safe
+   ones.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37eae9a2d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git v2.5.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.5.4
+------------------
+
+ * Bugfix patches were backported from the 'master' front to plug heap
+   corruption holes, to catch integer overflow in the computation of
+   pathname lengths, and to get rid of the name_path API.  Both of
+   these would have resulted in writing over an under-allocated buffer
+   when formulating pathnames while tree traversal.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7288aaf716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+Git 2.6 Release Notes
+=====================
+
+Updates since v2.5
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * An asterisk as a substring (as opposed to the entirety) of a path
+   component for both side of a refspec, e.g.
+   "refs/heads/o*:refs/remotes/heads/i*", is now allowed.
+
+ * New userdiff pattern definition for fountain screenwriting markup
+   format has been added.
+
+ * "git log" and friends learned a new "--date=format:..." option to
+   format timestamps using system's strftime(3).
+
+ * "git fast-import" learned to respond to the get-mark command via
+   its cat-blob-fd interface.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned "drop commit-object-name subject" command
+   as another way to skip replaying of a commit.
+
+ * A new configuration variable can enable "--follow" automatically
+   when "git log" is run with one pathspec argument.
+
+ * "git status" learned to show a more detailed information regarding
+   the "rebase -i" session in progress.
+
+ * "git cat-file" learned "--batch-all-objects" option to enumerate all
+   available objects in the repository more quickly than "rev-list
+   --all --objects" (the output includes unreachable objects, though).
+
+ * "git fsck" learned to ignore errors on a set of known-to-be-bad
+   objects, and also allows the warning levels of various kinds of
+   non-critical breakages to be tweaked.
+
+ * "git rebase -i"'s list of todo is made configurable.
+
+ * "git send-email" now performs alias-expansion on names that are
+   given via --cccmd, etc.
+
+ * An environment variable GIT_REPLACE_REF_BASE tells Git to look into
+   refs hierarchy other than refs/replace/ for the object replacement
+   data.
+
+ * Allow untracked cache (experimental) to be used when sparse
+   checkout (experimental) is also in use.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" has been taught to pay attention to
+   rebase.autostash configuration.
+
+ * The command-line completion script (in contrib/) has been updated.
+
+ * A negative !ref entry in multi-value transfer.hideRefs
+   configuration can be used to say "don't hide this one".
+
+ * After "git am" without "-3" stops, running "git am -3" pays attention
+   to "-3" only for the patch that caused the original invocation
+   to stop.
+
+ * When linked worktree is used, simultaneous "notes merge" instances
+   for the same ref in refs/notes/* are prevented from stomping on
+   each other.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned a new option --smtp-auth to limit the SMTP
+   AUTH mechanisms to be used to a subset of what the system library
+   supports.
+
+ * A new configuration variable http.sslVersion can be used to specify
+   what specific version of SSL/TLS to use to make a connection.
+
+ * "git notes merge" can be told with "--strategy=<how>" option how to
+   automatically handle conflicts; this can now be configured by
+   setting notes.mergeStrategy configuration variable.
+
+ * "git log --cc" did not show any patch, even though most of the time
+   the user meant "git log --cc -p -m" to see patch output for commits
+   with a single parent, and combined diff for merge commits.  The
+   command is taught to DWIM "--cc" (without "--raw" and other forms
+   of output specification) to "--cc -p -m".
+
+ * "git config --list" output was hard to parse when values consist of
+   multiple lines.  "--name-only" option is added to help this.
+
+ * A handful of usability & cosmetic fixes to gitk and l10n updates.
+
+ * A completely empty e-mail address <> is now allowed in the authors
+   file used by git-svn, to match the way it accepts the output from
+   authors-prog.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * In preparation for allowing different "backends" to store the refs
+   in a way different from the traditional "one ref per file in
+   $GIT_DIR or in a $GIT_DIR/packed-refs file" filesystem storage,
+   direct filesystem access to ref-like things like CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
+   from scripts and programs has been reduced.
+
+ * Computation of untracked status indicator by bash prompt
+   script (in contrib/) has been optimized.
+
+ * Memory use reduction when commit-slab facility is used to annotate
+   sparsely (which is not recommended in the first place).
+
+ * Clean up refs API and make "git clone" less intimate with the
+   implementation detail.
+
+ * "git pull" was reimplemented in C.
+
+ * The packet tracing machinery allows to capture an incoming pack
+   data to a file for debugging.
+
+ * Move machinery to parse human-readable scaled numbers like 1k, 4M,
+   and 2G as an option parameter's value from pack-objects to
+   parse-options API, to make it available to other codepaths.
+
+ * "git verify-tag" and "git verify-commit" have been taught to share
+   more code, and then learned to optionally show the verification
+   message from the underlying GPG implementation.
+
+ * Various enhancements around "git am" reading patches generated by
+   foreign SCM have been made.
+
+ * Ref listing by "git branch -l" and "git tag -l" commands has
+   started to be rebuilt, based on the for-each-ref machinery.
+
+ * The code to perform multi-tree merges has been taught to repopulate
+   the cache-tree upon a successful merge into the index, so that
+   subsequent "diff-index --cached" (hence "status") and "write-tree"
+   (hence "commit") will go faster.
+
+   The same logic in "git checkout" may now be removed, but that is a
+   separate issue.
+
+ * Tests that assume how reflogs are represented on the filesystem too
+   much have been corrected.
+
+ * "git am" has been rewritten in "C".
+
+ * git_path() and mkpath() are handy helper functions but it is easy
+   to misuse, as the callers need to be careful to keep the number of
+   active results below 4.  Their uses have been reduced.
+
+ * The "lockfile" API has been rebuilt on top of a new "tempfile" API.
+
+ * To prepare for allowing a different "ref" backend to be plugged in
+   to the system, update_ref()/delete_ref() have been taught about
+   ref-like things like MERGE_HEAD that are per-worktree (they will
+   always be written to the filesystem inside $GIT_DIR).
+
+ * The gitmodules API that is accessed from the C code learned to
+   cache stuff lazily.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.5
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.5 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) depended on "git log" output to be
+   stable, which was a no-no.  Apply a workaround to force a
+   particular date format.
+   (merge e7aac44 da/subtree-date-confusion later to maint).
+
+ * An attempt to delete a ref by pushing into a repository whose HEAD
+   symbolic reference points at an unborn branch that cannot be
+   created due to ref D/F conflict (e.g. refs/heads/a/b exists, HEAD
+   points at refs/heads/a) failed.
+   (merge b112b14 jx/do-not-crash-receive-pack-wo-head later to maint).
+
+ * The low-level "git send-pack" did not honor 'user.signingkey'
+   configuration variable when sending a signed-push.
+   (merge d830d39 db/send-pack-user-signingkey later to maint).
+
+ * "sparse checkout" misbehaved for a path that is excluded from the
+   checkout when switching between branches that differ at the path.
+   (merge 7d78241 as/sparse-checkout-removal later to maint).
+
+ * An experimental "untracked cache" feature used uname(2) in a
+   slightly unportable way.
+   (merge 100e433 cb/uname-in-untracked later to maint).
+
+ * A "rebase" replays changes of the local branch on top of something
+   else, as such they are placed in stage #3 and referred to as
+   "theirs", while the changes in the new base, typically a foreign
+   work, are placed in stage #2 and referred to as "ours".  Clarify
+   the "checkout --ours/--theirs".
+   (merge f303016 se/doc-checkout-ours-theirs later to maint).
+
+ * The "rev-parse --parseopt" mode parsed the option specification
+   and the argument hint in a strange way to allow '=' and other
+   special characters in the option name while forbidding them from
+   the argument hint.  This made it impossible to define an option
+   like "--pair <key>=<value>" with "pair=key=value" specification,
+   which instead would have defined a "--pair=key <value>" option.
+   (merge 2d893df ib/scripted-parse-opt-better-hint-string later to maint).
+
+ * Often a fast-import stream builds a new commit on top of the
+   previous commit it built, and it often unconditionally emits a
+   "from" command to specify the first parent, which can be omitted in
+   such a case.  This caused fast-import to forget the tree of the
+   previous commit and then re-read it from scratch, which was
+   inefficient.  Optimize for this common case.
+   (merge 0df3245 mh/fast-import-optimize-current-from later to maint).
+
+ * Running an aliased command from a subdirectory when the .git thing
+   in the working tree is a gitfile pointing elsewhere did not work.
+   (merge d95138e nd/export-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * "Is this subdirectory a separate repository that should not be
+   touched?" check "git clean" was inefficient.  This was replaced
+   with a more optimized check.
+   (merge fbf2fec ee/clean-remove-dirs later to maint).
+
+ * The "new-worktree-mode" hack in "checkout" that was added in
+   nd/multiple-work-trees topic has been removed by updating the
+   implementation of new "worktree add".
+   (merge 65f9b75 es/worktree-add-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * Remove remaining cruft from  "git checkout --to", which
+   transitioned to "git worktree add".
+   (merge 114ff88 es/worktree-add later to maint).
+
+ * An off-by-one error made "git remote" to mishandle a remote with a
+   single letter nickname.
+   (merge bc598c3 mh/get-remote-group-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone $URL", when cloning from a site whose sole purpose is to
+   host a single repository (hence, no path after <scheme>://<site>/),
+   tried to use the site name as the new repository name, but did not
+   remove username or password when <site> part was of the form
+   <user>@<pass>:<host>.  The code is taught to redact these.
+   (merge adef956 ps/guess-repo-name-at-root later to maint).
+
+ * Running tests with the "-x" option to make them verbose had some
+   unpleasant interactions with other features of the test suite.
+   (merge 9b5fe78 jk/test-with-x later to maint).
+
+ * t1509 test that requires a dedicated VM environment had some
+   bitrot, which has been corrected.
+   (merge faacc5a ps/t1509-chroot-test-fixup later to maint).
+
+ * "git pull" in recent releases of Git has a regression in the code
+   that allows custom path to the --upload-pack=<program>.  This has
+   been corrected.
+
+   Note that this is irrelevant for 'master' with "git pull" rewritten
+   in C.
+   (merge 13e0e28 mm/pull-upload-pack later to maint).
+
+ * When trying to see that an object does not exist, a state errno
+   leaked from our "first try to open a packfile with O_NOATIME and
+   then if it fails retry without it" logic on a system that refuses
+   O_NOATIME.  This confused us and caused us to die, saying that the
+   packfile is unreadable, when we should have just reported that the
+   object does not exist in that packfile to the caller.
+   (merge dff6f28 cb/open-noatime-clear-errno later to maint).
+
+ * The codepath to produce error messages had a hard-coded limit to
+   the size of the message, primarily to avoid memory allocation while
+   calling die().
+   (merge f4c3edc jk/long-error-messages later to maint).
+
+ * strbuf_read() used to have one extra iteration (and an unnecessary
+   strbuf_grow() of 8kB), which was eliminated.
+   (merge 3ebbd00 jh/strbuf-read-use-read-in-full later to maint).
+
+ * We rewrote one of the build scripts in Perl but this reimplements
+   in Bourne shell.
+   (merge 57cee8a sg/help-group later to maint).
+
+ * The experimental untracked-cache feature were buggy when paths with
+   a few levels of subdirectories are involved.
+   (merge 73f9145 dt/untracked-subdir later to maint).
+
+ * "interpret-trailers" helper mistook a single-liner log message that
+   has a colon as the end of existing trailer.
+
+ * The "interpret-trailers" helper mistook a multi-paragraph title of
+   a commit log message with a colon in it as the end of the trailer
+   block.
+   (merge 5c99995 cc/trailers-corner-case-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git describe" without argument defaulted to describe the HEAD
+   commit, but "git describe --contains" didn't.  Arguably, in a
+   repository used for active development, such defaulting would not
+   be very useful as the tip of branch is typically not tagged, but it
+   is better to be consistent.
+   (merge 2bd0706 sg/describe-contains later to maint).
+
+ * The client side codepaths in "git push" have been cleaned up
+   and the user can request to perform an optional "signed push",
+   i.e. sign only when the other end accepts signed push.
+   (merge 68c757f db/push-sign-if-asked later to maint).
+
+ * Because the configuration system does not allow "alias.0foo" and
+   "pager.0foo" as the configuration key, the user cannot use '0foo'
+   as a custom command name anyway, but "git 0foo" tried to look these
+   keys up and emitted useless warnings before saying '0foo is not a
+   git command'.  These warning messages have been squelched.
+   (merge 9e9de18 jk/fix-alias-pager-config-key-warnings later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-list" does not take "--notes" option, but did not complain
+   when one is given.
+   (merge 2aea7a5 jk/rev-list-has-no-notes later to maint).
+
+ * When re-priming the cache-tree opportunistically while committing
+   the in-core index as-is, we mistakenly invalidated the in-core
+   index too aggressively, causing the experimental split-index code
+   to unnecessarily rewrite the on-disk index file(s).
+   (merge 475a344 dt/commit-preserve-base-index-upon-opportunistic-cache-tree-update later to maint).
+
+ * "git archive" did not use zip64 extension when creating an archive
+   with more than 64k entries, which nobody should need, right ;-)?
+   (merge 88329ca rs/archive-zip-many later to maint).
+
+ * The code in "multiple-worktree" support that attempted to recover
+   from an inconsistent state updated an incorrect file.
+   (merge 82fde87 nd/fixup-linked-gitdir later to maint).
+
+ * On case insensitive systems, "git p4" did not work well with client
+   specs.
+
+ * "git init empty && git -C empty log" said "bad default revision 'HEAD'",
+   which was found to be a bit confusing to new users.
+   (merge ce11360 jk/log-missing-default-HEAD later to maint).
+
+ * Recent versions of scripted "git am" has a performance regression in
+   "git am --skip" codepath, which no longer exists in the built-in
+   version on the 'master' front.  Fix the regression in the last
+   scripted version that appear in 2.5.x maintenance track and older.
+   (merge b9d6689 js/maint-am-skip-performance-regression later to maint).
+
+ * The branch descriptions that are set with "git branch --edit-description"
+   option were used in many places but they weren't clearly documented.
+   (merge 561d2b7 po/doc-branch-desc later to maint).
+
+ * Code cleanups and documentation updates.
+   (merge 1c601af es/doc-clean-outdated-tools later to maint).
+   (merge 3581304 kn/tag-doc-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 3a59e59 kb/i18n-doc later to maint).
+   (merge 45abdee sb/remove-unused-var-from-builtin-add later to maint).
+   (merge 14691e3 sb/parse-options-codeformat later to maint).
+   (merge 4a6ada3 ad/bisect-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge da4c5ad ta/docfix-index-format-tech later to maint).
+   (merge ae25fd3 sb/check-return-from-read-ref later to maint).
+   (merge b3325df nd/dwim-wildcards-as-pathspecs later to maint).
+   (merge 7aa9b9b sg/wt-status-header-inclusion later to maint).
+   (merge f04c690 as/docfix-reflog-expire-unreachable later to maint).
+   (merge 1269847 sg/t3020-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge 8b54c23 jc/calloc-pathspec later to maint).
+   (merge a6926b8 po/po-readme later to maint).
+   (merge 54d160e ss/fix-config-fd-leak later to maint).
+   (merge b80fa84 ah/submodule-typofix-in-error later to maint).
+   (merge 99885bc ah/reflog-typofix-in-error later to maint).
+   (merge 9476c2c ah/read-tree-usage-string later to maint).
+   (merge b8c1d27 ah/pack-objects-usage-strings later to maint).
+   (merge 486e1e1 br/svn-doc-include-paths-config later to maint).
+   (merge 1733ed3 ee/clean-test-fixes later to maint).
+   (merge 5fcadc3 gb/apply-comment-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge b894d3e mp/t7060-diff-index-test later to maint).
+   (merge d238710 as/config-doc-markup-fix later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e51363e3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Git v2.6.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.6
+----------------
+
+ * xdiff code we use to generate diffs is not prepared to handle
+   extremely large files.  It uses "int" in many places, which can
+   overflow if we have a very large number of lines or even bytes in
+   our input files, for example.  Cap the input size to soemwhere
+   around 1GB for now.
+
+ * Some protocols (like git-remote-ext) can execute arbitrary code
+   found in the URL.  The URLs that submodules use may come from
+   arbitrary sources (e.g., .gitmodules files in a remote
+   repository), and can hurt those who blindly enable recursive
+   fetch.  Restrict the allowed protocols to well known and safe
+   ones.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b65e35245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+Git v2.6.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.6.1
+------------------
+
+ * There were some classes of errors that "git fsck" diagnosed to its
+   standard error that did not cause it to exit with non-zero status.
+
+ * A test script for the HTTP service had a timing dependent bug,
+   which was fixed.
+
+ * Performance-measurement tests did not work without an installed Git.
+
+ * On a case insensitive filesystems, setting GIT_WORK_TREE variable
+   using a random cases that does not agree with what the filesystem
+   thinks confused Git that it wasn't inside the working tree.
+
+ * When "git am" was rewritten as a built-in, it stopped paying
+   attention to user.signingkey, which was fixed.
+
+ * After "git checkout --detach", "git status" reported a fairly
+   useless "HEAD detached at HEAD", instead of saying at which exact
+   commit.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" had a minor regression recently, which stopped
+   considering a line that begins with an indented '#' in its insn
+   sheet not a comment, which is now fixed.
+
+ * Description of the "log.follow" configuration variable in "git log"
+   documentation is now also copied to "git config" documentation.
+
+ * Allocation related functions and stdio are unsafe things to call
+   inside a signal handler, and indeed killing the pager can cause
+   glibc to deadlock waiting on allocation mutex as our signal handler
+   tries to free() some data structures in wait_for_pager().  Reduce
+   these unsafe calls.
+
+ * The way how --ref/--notes to specify the notes tree reference are
+   DWIMmed was not clearly documented.
+
+ * Customization to change the behaviour with "make -w" and "make -s"
+   in our Makefile was broken when they were used together.
+
+ * The Makefile always runs the library archiver with hardcoded "crs"
+   options, which was inconvenient for exotic platforms on which
+   people want to use programs with totally different set of command
+   line options.
+
+ * The ssh transport, just like any other transport over the network,
+   did not clear GIT_* environment variables, but it is possible to
+   use SendEnv and AcceptEnv to leak them to the remote invocation of
+   Git, which is not a good idea at all.  Explicitly clear them just
+   like we do for the local transport.
+
+ * "git blame --first-parent v1.0..v2.0" was not rejected but did not
+   limit the blame to commits on the first parent chain.
+
+ * Very small number of options take a parameter that is optional
+   (which is not a great UI element as they can only appear at the end
+   of the command line).  Add notice to documentation of each and
+   every one of them.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc6fe1711f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+Git v2.6.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.6.2
+------------------
+
+ * The error message from "git blame --contents --reverse" incorrectly
+   talked about "--contents --children".
+
+ * "git merge-file" tried to signal how many conflicts it found, which
+   obviously would not work well when there are too many of them.
+
+ * The name-hash subsystem that is used to cope with case insensitive
+   filesystems keeps track of directories and their on-filesystem
+   cases for all the paths in the index by holding a pointer to a
+   randomly chosen cache entry that is inside the directory (for its
+   ce->ce_name component).  This pointer was not updated even when the
+   cache entry was removed from the index, leading to use after free.
+   This was fixed by recording the path for each directory instead of
+   borrowing cache entries and restructuring the API somewhat.
+
+ * When the "git am" command was reimplemented in C, "git am -3" had a
+   small regression where it is aborted in its error handling codepath
+   when underlying merge-recursive failed in some ways.
+
+ * The synopsis text and the usage string of subcommands that read
+   list of things from the standard input are often shown as if they
+   only take input from a file on a filesystem, which was misleading.
+
+ * A couple of commands still showed "[options]" in their usage string
+   to note where options should come on their command line, but we
+   spell that "[<options>]" in most places these days.
+
+ * The submodule code has been taught to work better with separate
+   work trees created via "git worktree add".
+
+ * When "git gc --auto" is backgrounded, its diagnosis message is
+   lost.  It now is saved to a file in $GIT_DIR and is shown next time
+   the "gc --auto" is run.
+
+ * Work around "git p4" failing when the P4 depot records the contents
+   in UTF-16 without UTF-16 BOM.
+
+ * Recent update to "rebase -i" that tries to sanity check the edited
+   insn sheet before it uses it has become too picky on Windows where
+   CRLF left by the editor is turned into a trailing CR on the line
+   read via the "read" built-in command.
+
+ * "git clone --dissociate" runs a big "git repack" process at the
+   end, and it helps to close file descriptors that are open on the
+   packs and their idx files before doing so on filesystems that
+   cannot remove a file that is still open.
+
+ * Correct "git p4 --detect-labels" so that it does not fail to create
+   a tag that points at a commit that is also being imported.
+
+ * The internal stripspace() function has been moved to where it
+   logically belongs to, i.e. strbuf API, and the command line parser
+   of "git stripspace" has been updated to use the parse_options API.
+
+ * Prepare for Git on-disk repository representation to undergo
+   backward incompatible changes by introducing a new repository
+   format version "1", with an extension mechanism.
+
+ * "git gc" used to barf when a symbolic ref has gone dangling
+   (e.g. the branch that used to be your upstream's default when you
+   cloned from it is now gone, and you did "fetch --prune").
+
+ * The normalize_ceiling_entry() function does not muck with the end
+   of the path it accepts, and the real world callers do rely on that,
+   but a test insisted that the function drops a trailing slash.
+
+ * "git gc" is safe to run anytime only because it has the built-in
+   grace period to protect young objects.  In order to run with no
+   grace period, the user must make sure that the repository is
+   quiescent.
+
+ * A recent "filter-branch --msg-filter" broke skipping of the commit
+   object header, which is fixed.
+
+ * "git --literal-pathspecs add -u/-A" without any command line
+   argument misbehaved ever since Git 2.0.
+
+ * Merging a branch that removes a path and another that changes the
+   mode bits on the same path should have conflicted at the path, but
+   it didn't and silently favoured the removal.
+
+ * "git imap-send" did not compile well with older version of cURL library.
+
+ * The linkage order of libraries was wrong in places around libcurl.
+
+ * It was not possible to use a repository-lookalike created by "git
+   worktree add" as a local source of "git clone".
+
+ * When "git send-email" wanted to talk over Net::SMTP::SSL,
+   Net::Cmd::datasend() did not like to be fed too many bytes at the
+   same time and failed to send messages.  Send the payload one line
+   at a time to work around the problem.
+
+ * We peek objects from submodule's object store by linking it to the
+   list of alternate object databases, but the code to do so forgot to
+   correctly initialize the list.
+
+ * "git status --branch --short" accessed beyond the constant string
+   "HEAD", which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git daemon" uses "run_command()" without "finish_command()", so it
+   needs to release resources itself, which it forgot to do.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0256a2dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+Git v2.6.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.6.3
+------------------
+
+ * The "configure" script did not test for -lpthread correctly, which
+   upset some linkers.
+
+ * Add support for talking http/https over socks proxy.
+
+ * Portability fix for Windows, which may rewrite $SHELL variable using
+   non-POSIX paths.
+
+ * We now consistently allow all hooks to ignore their standard input,
+   rather than having git complain of SIGPIPE.
+
+ * Fix shell quoting in contrib script.
+
+ * Test portability fix for a topic in v2.6.1.
+
+ * Allow tilde-expansion in some http config variables.
+
+ * Give a useful special case "diff/show --word-diff-regex=." as an
+   example in the documentation.
+
+ * Fix for a corner case in filter-branch.
+
+ * Make git-p4 work on a detached head.
+
+ * Documentation clarification for "check-ignore" without "--verbose".
+
+ * Just like the working tree is cleaned up when the user cancelled
+   submission in P4Submit.applyCommit(), clean up the mess if "p4
+   submit" fails.
+
+ * Having a leftover .idx file without corresponding .pack file in
+   the repository hurts performance; "git gc" learned to prune them.
+
+ * The code to prepare the working tree side of temporary directory
+   for the "dir-diff" feature forgot that symbolic links need not be
+   copied (or symlinked) to the temporary area, as the code already
+   special cases and overwrites them.  Besides, it was wrong to try
+   computing the object name of the target of symbolic link, which may
+   not even exist or may be a directory.
+
+ * There was no way to defeat a configured rebase.autostash variable
+   from the command line, as "git rebase --no-autostash" was missing.
+
+ * Allow "git interpret-trailers" to run outside of a Git repository.
+
+ * Produce correct "dirty" marker for shell prompts, even when we
+   are on an orphan or an unborn branch.
+
+ * Some corner cases have been fixed in string-matching done in "git
+   status".
+
+ * Apple's common crypto implementation of SHA1_Update() does not take
+   more than 4GB at a time, and we now have a compile-time workaround
+   for it.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0924b62e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+Git v2.6.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.6.4
+------------------
+
+ * Because "test_when_finished" in our test framework queues the
+   clean-up tasks to be done in a shell variable, it should not be
+   used inside a subshell.  Add a mechanism to allow 'bash' to catch
+   such uses, and fix the ones that were found.
+
+ * Update "git subtree" (in contrib/) so that it can take whitespaces
+   in the pathnames, not only in the in-tree pathname but the name of
+   the directory that the repository is in.
+
+ * Cosmetic improvement to lock-file error messages.
+
+ * mark_tree_uninteresting() has code to handle the case where it gets
+   passed a NULL pointer in its 'tree' parameter, but the function had
+   'object = &tree->object' assignment before checking if tree is
+   NULL.  This gives a compiler an excuse to declare that tree will
+   never be NULL and apply a wrong optimization.  Avoid it.
+
+ * The helper used to iterate over loose object directories to prune
+   stale objects did not closedir() immediately when it is done with a
+   directory--a callback such as the one used for "git prune" may want
+   to do rmdir(), but it would fail on open directory on platforms
+   such as WinXP.
+
+ * "git p4" used to import Perforce CLs that touch only paths outside
+   the client spec as empty commits.  It has been corrected to ignore
+   them instead, with a new configuration git-p4.keepEmptyCommits as a
+   backward compatibility knob.
+
+ * The exit code of git-fsck did not reflect some types of errors
+   found in packed objects, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/) used to list "git column"
+   (which is not an end-user facing command) as one of the choices
+
+ * Improve error reporting when SMTP TLS fails.
+
+ * When getpwuid() on the system returned NULL (e.g. the user is not
+   in the /etc/passwd file or other uid-to-name mappings), the
+   codepath to find who the user is to record it in the reflog barfed
+   and died.  Loosen the check in this codepath, which already accepts
+   questionable ident string (e.g. host part of the e-mail address is
+   obviously bogus), and in general when we operate fmt_ident() function
+   in non-strict mode.
+
+ * "git symbolic-ref" forgot to report a failure with its exit status.
+
+ * History traversal with "git log --source" that starts with an
+   annotated tag failed to report the tag as "source", due to an
+   old regression in the command line parser back in v2.2 days.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code
+clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..023ad85ec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.6.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git v2.6.6 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.6.5
+------------------
+
+ * Bugfix patches were backported from the 'master' front to plug heap
+   corruption holes, to catch integer overflow in the computation of
+   pathname lengths, and to get rid of the name_path API.  Both of
+   these would have resulted in writing over an under-allocated buffer
+   when formulating pathnames while tree traversal.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..563dadc57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+Git 2.7 Release Notes
+=====================
+
+Updates since v2.6
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * The appearance of "gitk", particularly on high DPI monitors, have
+   been improved.  "gitk" also comes with an undated translation for
+   Swedish and Japanese.
+
+ * "git remote" learned "get-url" subcommand to show the URL for a
+   given remote name used for fetching and pushing.
+
+ * There was no way to defeat a configured rebase.autostash variable
+   from the command line, as "git rebase --no-autostash" was missing.
+
+ * "git log --date=local" used to only show the normal (default)
+   format in the local timezone.  The command learned to take 'local'
+   as an instruction to use the local timezone with other formats,
+
+ * The refs used during a "git bisect" session is now per-worktree so
+   that independent bisect sessions can be done in different worktrees
+   created with "git worktree add".
+
+ * Users who are too busy to type three extra keystrokes to ask for
+   "git stash show -p" can now set stash.showPatch configuration
+   variable to true to always see the actual patch, not just the list
+   of paths affected with feel for the extent of damage via diffstat.
+
+ * "quiltimport" allows to specify the series file by honoring the
+   $QUILT_SERIES environment and also --series command line option.
+
+ * The use of 'good/bad' in "git bisect" made it confusing to use when
+   hunting for a state change that is not a regression (e.g. bugfix).
+   The command learned 'old/new' and then allows the end user to
+   say e.g. "bisect start --term-old=fast --term-new=slow" to find a
+   performance regression.
+
+ * "git interpret-trailers" can now run outside of a Git repository.
+
+ * "git p4" learned to reencode the pathname it uses to communicate
+   with the p4 depot with a new option.
+
+ * Give progress meter to "git filter-branch".
+
+ * Allow a later "!/abc/def" to override an earlier "/abc" that
+   appears in the same .gitignore file to make it easier to express
+   "everything in /abc directory is ignored, except for ...".
+
+ * Teach "git p4" to send large blobs outside the repository by
+   talking to Git LFS.
+
+ * Prepare for Git on-disk repository representation to undergo
+   backward incompatible changes by introducing a new repository
+   format version "1", with an extension mechanism.
+
+ * "git worktree" learned a "list" subcommand.
+
+ * "git clone --dissociate" learned that it can be used even when
+   "--reference" was not used at the same time.
+
+ * "git blame" learnt to take "--first-parent" and "--reverse" at the
+   same time when it makes sense.
+
+ * "git checkout" did not follow the usual "--[no-]progress"
+   convention and implemented only "--quiet" that is essentially
+   a superset of "--no-progress".  Extend the command to support the
+   usual "--[no-]progress".
+
+ * The semantics of transfer.hideRefs configuration variable have been
+   extended to work better with the ref "namespace" feature that lets
+   you throw unrelated bunches of repositories in a single physical
+   repository and virtually serve them as separate ones.
+
+ * send-email config variables whose values are pathnames now go
+   through the ~username/ expansion.
+
+ * bash completion learnt to TAB-complete recipient addresses given
+   to send-email.
+
+ * The credential-cache daemon can be told to ignore SIGHUP to work
+   around issue when running Git from inside emacs.
+
+ * "git push" learned new configuration for doing "--recurse-submodules"
+   on each push.
+
+ * "format-patch" has learned a new option to zero-out the commit
+   object name on the mbox "From " line.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The infrastructure to rewrite "git submodule" in C is being built
+   incrementally.  Let's polish these early parts well enough and make
+   them graduate to 'next' and 'master', so that the more involved
+   follow-up can start cooking on a solid ground.
+
+ * Some features from "git tag -l" and "git branch -l" have been made
+   available to "git for-each-ref" so that eventually the unified
+   implementation can be shared across all three.  The version merged
+   to the 'master' branch earlier had a performance regression in "tag
+   --contains", which has since been corrected.
+
+ * Because "test_when_finished" in our test framework queues the
+   clean-up tasks to be done in a shell variable, it should not be
+   used inside a subshell.  Add a mechanism to allow 'bash' to catch
+   such uses, and fix the ones that were found.
+
+ * The debugging infrastructure for pkt-line based communication has
+   been improved to mark the side-band communication specifically.
+
+ * Update "git branch" that list existing branches, using the
+   ref-filter API that is shared with "git tag" and "git
+   for-each-ref".
+
+ * The test for various line-ending conversions has been enhanced.
+
+ * A few test scripts around "git p4" have been improved for
+   portability.
+
+ * Many allocations that is manually counted (correctly) that are
+   followed by strcpy/sprintf have been replaced with a less error
+   prone constructs such as xstrfmt.
+
+ * The internal stripspace() function has been moved to where it
+   logically belongs to, i.e. strbuf API, and the command line parser
+   of "git stripspace" has been updated to use the parse_options API.
+
+ * "git am" used to spawn "git mailinfo" via run_command() API once
+   per each patch, but learned to make a direct call to mailinfo()
+   instead.
+
+ * The implementation of "git mailinfo" was refactored so that a
+   mailinfo() function can be directly called from inside a process.
+
+ * With a "debug" helper, debugging of a single "git" invocation in
+   our test scripts has become a lot easier.
+
+ * The "configure" script did not test for -lpthread correctly, which
+   upset some linkers.
+
+ * Cross completed task off of subtree project's todo list.
+
+ * Test cleanups for the subtree project.
+
+ * Clean up style in an ancient test t9300.
+
+ * Work around some test flakiness with p4d.
+
+ * Fsck did not correctly detect a NUL-truncated header in a tag.
+
+ * Use a safer behavior when we hit errors verifying remote certificates.
+
+ * Speed up filter-branch for cases where we only care about rewriting
+   commits, not tree data.
+
+ * The parse-options API has been updated to make "-h" command line
+   option work more consistently in all commands.
+
+ * "git svn rebase/mkdirs" got optimized by keeping track of empty
+   directories better.
+
+ * Fix some racy client/server tests by treating SIGPIPE the same as a
+   normal non-zero exit.
+
+ * The necessary infrastructure to build topics using the free Travis
+   CI has been added. Developers forking from this topic (and enabling
+   Travis) can do their own builds, and we can turn on auto-builds for
+   git/git (including build-status for pull requests that people
+   open).
+
+ * The write(2) emulation for Windows learned to set errno to EPIPE
+   when necessary.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.6
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.6 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * Very small number of options take a parameter that is optional
+   (which is not a great UI element as they can only appear at the end
+   of the command line).  Add notice to documentation of each and
+   every one of them.
+
+ * "git blame --first-parent v1.0..v2.0" was not rejected but did not
+   limit the blame to commits on the first parent chain.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) now can take whitespaces in the
+   pathnames, not only in the in-tree pathname but the name of the
+   directory that the repository is in.
+
+ * The ssh transport, just like any other transport over the network,
+   did not clear GIT_* environment variables, but it is possible to
+   use SendEnv and AcceptEnv to leak them to the remote invocation of
+   Git, which is not a good idea at all.  Explicitly clear them just
+   like we do for the local transport.
+
+ * Correct "git p4 --detect-labels" so that it does not fail to create
+   a tag that points at a commit that is also being imported.
+
+ * The Makefile always runs the library archiver with hardcoded "crs"
+   options, which was inconvenient for exotic platforms on which
+   people want to use programs with totally different set of command
+   line options.
+
+ * Customization to change the behaviour with "make -w" and "make -s"
+   in our Makefile was broken when they were used together.
+
+ * Allocation related functions and stdio are unsafe things to call
+   inside a signal handler, and indeed killing the pager can cause
+   glibc to deadlock waiting on allocation mutex as our signal handler
+   tries to free() some data structures in wait_for_pager().  Reduce
+   these unsafe calls.
+
+ * The way how --ref/--notes to specify the notes tree reference are
+   DWIMmed was not clearly documented.
+
+ * "git gc" used to barf when a symbolic ref has gone dangling
+   (e.g. the branch that used to be your upstream's default when you
+   cloned from it is now gone, and you did "fetch --prune").
+
+ * "git clone --dissociate" runs a big "git repack" process at the
+   end, and it helps to close file descriptors that are open on the
+   packs and their idx files before doing so on filesystems that
+   cannot remove a file that is still open.
+
+ * Description of the "log.follow" configuration variable in "git log"
+   documentation is now also copied to "git config" documentation.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" had a minor regression recently, which stopped
+   considering a line that begins with an indented '#' in its insn
+   sheet not a comment. Further, the code was still too picky on
+   Windows where CRLF left by the editor is turned into a trailing CR
+   on the line read via the "read" built-in command of bash.  Both of
+   these issues are now fixed.
+
+ * After "git checkout --detach", "git status" reported a fairly
+   useless "HEAD detached at HEAD", instead of saying at which exact
+   commit.
+
+ * When "git send-email" wanted to talk over Net::SMTP::SSL,
+   Net::Cmd::datasend() did not like to be fed too many bytes at the
+   same time and failed to send messages.  Send the payload one line
+   at a time to work around the problem.
+
+ * When "git am" was rewritten as a built-in, it stopped paying
+   attention to user.signingkey, which was fixed.
+
+ * It was not possible to use a repository-lookalike created by "git
+   worktree add" as a local source of "git clone".
+
+ * On a case insensitive filesystems, setting GIT_WORK_TREE variable
+   using a random cases that does not agree with what the filesystem
+   thinks confused Git that it wasn't inside the working tree.
+
+ * Performance-measurement tests did not work without an installed Git.
+
+ * A test script for the HTTP service had a timing dependent bug,
+   which was fixed.
+
+ * There were some classes of errors that "git fsck" diagnosed to its
+   standard error that did not cause it to exit with non-zero status.
+
+ * Work around "git p4" failing when the P4 depot records the contents
+   in UTF-16 without UTF-16 BOM.
+
+ * When "git gc --auto" is backgrounded, its diagnosis message is
+   lost.  Save it to a file in $GIT_DIR and show it next time the "gc
+   --auto" is run.
+
+ * The submodule code has been taught to work better with separate
+   work trees created via "git worktree add".
+
+ * "git gc" is safe to run anytime only because it has the built-in
+   grace period to protect young objects.  In order to run with no
+   grace period, the user must make sure that the repository is
+   quiescent.
+
+ * A recent "filter-branch --msg-filter" broke skipping of the commit
+   object header, which is fixed.
+
+ * The normalize_ceiling_entry() function does not muck with the end
+   of the path it accepts, and the real world callers do rely on that,
+   but a test insisted that the function drops a trailing slash.
+
+ * A test for interaction between untracked cache and sparse checkout
+   added in Git 2.5 days were flaky.
+
+ * A couple of commands still showed "[options]" in their usage string
+   to note where options should come on their command line, but we
+   spell that "[<options>]" in most places these days.
+
+ * The synopsis text and the usage string of subcommands that read
+   list of things from the standard input are often shown as if they
+   only take input from a file on a filesystem, which was misleading.
+
+ * "git am -3" had a small regression where it is aborted in its error
+   handling codepath when underlying merge-recursive failed in certain
+   ways, as it assumed that the internal call to merge-recursive will
+   never die, which is not the case (yet).
+
+ * The linkage order of libraries was wrong in places around libcurl.
+
+ * The name-hash subsystem that is used to cope with case insensitive
+   filesystems keeps track of directories and their on-filesystem
+   cases for all the paths in the index by holding a pointer to a
+   randomly chosen cache entry that is inside the directory (for its
+   ce->ce_name component).  This pointer was not updated even when the
+   cache entry was removed from the index, leading to use after free.
+   This was fixed by recording the path for each directory instead of
+   borrowing cache entries and restructuring the API somewhat.
+
+ * "git merge-file" tried to signal how many conflicts it found, which
+   obviously would not work well when there are too many of them.
+
+ * The error message from "git blame --contents --reverse" incorrectly
+   talked about "--contents --children".
+
+ * "git imap-send" did not compile well with older version of cURL library.
+
+ * Merging a branch that removes a path and another that changes the
+   mode bits on the same path should have conflicted at the path, but
+   it didn't and silently favoured the removal.
+
+ * "git --literal-pathspecs add -u/-A" without any command line
+   argument misbehaved ever since Git 2.0.
+
+ * "git daemon" uses "run_command()" without "finish_command()", so it
+   needs to release resources itself, which it forgot to do.
+
+ * "git status --branch --short" accessed beyond the constant string
+   "HEAD", which has been corrected.
+
+ * We peek objects from submodule's object store by linking it to the
+   list of alternate object databases, but the code to do so forgot to
+   correctly initialize the list.
+
+ * The code to prepare the working tree side of temporary directory
+   for the "dir-diff" feature forgot that symbolic links need not be
+   copied (or symlinked) to the temporary area, as the code already
+   special cases and overwrites them.  Besides, it was wrong to try
+   computing the object name of the target of symbolic link, which may
+   not even exist or may be a directory.
+
+ * A Range: request can be responded with a full response and when
+   asked properly libcurl knows how to strip the result down to the
+   requested range.  However, we were hand-crafting a range request
+   and it did not kick in.
+
+ * Having a leftover .idx file without corresponding .pack file in
+   the repository hurts performance; "git gc" learned to prune them.
+
+ * Apple's common crypto implementation of SHA1_Update() does not take
+   more than 4GB at a time, and we now have a compile-time workaround
+   for it.
+
+ * Produce correct "dirty" marker for shell prompts, even when we
+   are on an orphan or an unborn branch.
+
+ * A build without NO_IPv6 used to use gethostbyname() when guessing
+   user's hostname, instead of getaddrinfo() that is used in other
+   codepaths in such a build.
+
+ * The exit code of git-fsck did not reflect some types of errors
+   found in packed objects, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The helper used to iterate over loose object directories to prune
+   stale objects did not closedir() immediately when it is done with a
+   directory--a callback such as the one used for "git prune" may want
+   to do rmdir(), but it would fail on open directory on platforms
+   such as WinXP.
+
+ * "git p4" used to import Perforce CLs that touch only paths outside
+   the client spec as empty commits.  It has been corrected to ignore
+   them instead, with a new configuration git-p4.keepEmptyCommits as a
+   backward compatibility knob.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/) used to list "git column"
+   (which is not an end-user facing command) as one of the choices
+   (merge 160fcdb sg/completion-no-column later to maint).
+
+ * The error reporting from "git send-email", when SMTP TLS fails, has
+   been improved.
+   (merge 9d60524 jk/send-email-ssl-errors later to maint).
+
+ * When getpwuid() on the system returned NULL (e.g. the user is not
+   in the /etc/passwd file or other uid-to-name mappings), the
+   codepath to find who the user is to record it in the reflog barfed
+   and died.  Loosen the check in this codepath, which already accepts
+   questionable ident string (e.g. host part of the e-mail address is
+   obviously bogus), and in general when we operate fmt_ident() function
+   in non-strict mode.
+   (merge 92bcbb9 jk/ident-loosen-getpwuid later to maint).
+
+ * "git symbolic-ref" forgot to report a failure with its exit status.
+   (merge f91b273 jk/symbolic-ref-maint later to maint).
+
+ * History traversal with "git log --source" that starts with an
+   annotated tag failed to report the tag as "source", due to an
+   old regression in the command line parser back in v2.2 days.
+   (merge 728350b jk/pending-keep-tag-name later to maint).
+
+ * "git p4" when interacting with multiple depots at the same time
+   used to incorrectly drop changes.
+
+ * Code clean-up, minor fixes etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6553d69e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+Git v2.7.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.7
+----------------
+
+ * An earlier change in 2.5.x-era broke users' hooks and aliases by
+   exporting GIT_WORK_TREE to point at the root of the working tree,
+   interfering when they tried to use a different working tree without
+   setting GIT_WORK_TREE environment themselves.
+
+ * The "exclude_list" structure has the usual "alloc, nr" pair of
+   fields to be used by ALLOC_GROW(), but clear_exclude_list() forgot
+   to reset 'alloc' to 0 when it cleared 'nr' to discard the managed
+   array.
+
+ * "git send-email" was confused by escaped quotes stored in the alias
+   files saved by "mutt", which has been corrected.
+
+ * A few unportable C construct have been spotted by clang compiler
+   and have been fixed.
+
+ * The documentation has been updated to hint the connection between
+   the '--signoff' option and DCO.
+
+ * "git reflog" incorrectly assumed that all objects that used to be
+   at the tip of a ref must be commits, which caused it to segfault.
+
+ * The ignore mechanism saw a few regressions around untracked file
+   listing and sparse checkout selection areas in 2.7.0; the change
+   that is responsible for the regression has been reverted.
+
+ * Some codepaths used fopen(3) when opening a fixed path in $GIT_DIR
+   (e.g. COMMIT_EDITMSG) that is meant to be left after the command is
+   done.  This however did not work well if the repository is set to
+   be shared with core.sharedRepository and the umask of the previous
+   user is tighter.  They have been made to work better by calling
+   unlink(2) and retrying after fopen(3) fails with EPERM.
+
+ * Asking gitweb for a nonexistent commit left a warning in the server
+   log.
+
+ * "git rebase", unlike all other callers of "gc --auto", did not
+   ignore the exit code from "gc --auto".
+
+ * Many codepaths that run "gc --auto" before exiting kept packfiles
+   mapped and left the file descriptors to them open, which was not
+   friendly to systems that cannot remove files that are open.  They
+   now close the packs before doing so.
+
+ * A recent optimization to filter-branch in v2.7.0 introduced a
+   regression when --prune-empty filter is used, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * The description for SANITY prerequisite the test suite uses has
+   been clarified both in the comment and in the implementation.
+
+ * "git tag" started listing a tag "foo" as "tags/foo" when a branch
+   named "foo" exists in the same repository; remove this unnecessary
+   disambiguation, which is a regression introduced in v2.7.0.
+
+ * The way "git svn" uses auth parameter was broken by Subversion
+   1.9.0 and later.
+
+ * The "split" subcommand of "git subtree" (in contrib/) incorrectly
+   skipped merges when it shouldn't, which was corrected.
+
+ * A few options of "git diff" did not work well when the command was
+   run from a subdirectory.
+
+ * dirname() emulation has been added, as Msys2 lacks it.
+
+ * The underlying machinery used by "ls-files -o" and other commands
+   have been taught not to create empty submodule ref cache for a
+   directory that is not a submodule.  This removes a ton of wasted
+   CPU cycles.
+
+ * Drop a few old "todo" items by deciding that the change one of them
+   suggests is not such a good idea, and doing the change the other
+   one suggested to do.
+
+ * Documentation for "git fetch --depth" has been updated for clarity.
+
+ * The command line completion learned a handful of additional options
+   and command specific syntax.
+
+Also includes a handful of documentation and test updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4feef76704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+Git v2.7.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.7.1
+------------------
+
+ * The low-level merge machinery has been taught to use CRLF line
+   termination when inserting conflict markers to merged contents that
+   are themselves CRLF line-terminated.
+
+ * "git worktree" had a broken code that attempted to auto-fix
+   possible inconsistency that results from end-users moving a
+   worktree to different places without telling Git (the original
+   repository needs to maintain backpointers to its worktrees, but
+   "mv" run by end-users who are not familiar with that fact will
+   obviously not adjust them), which actually made things worse
+   when triggered.
+
+ * "git push --force-with-lease" has been taught to report if the push
+   needed to force (or fast-forwarded).
+
+ * The emulated "yes" command used in our test scripts has been
+   tweaked not to spend too much time generating unnecessary output
+   that is not used, to help those who test on Windows where it would
+   not stop until it fills the pipe buffer due to lack of SIGPIPE.
+
+ * The vimdiff backend for "git mergetool" has been tweaked to arrange
+   and number buffers in the order that would match the expectation of
+   majority of people who read left to right, then top down and assign
+   buffers 1 2 3 4 "mentally" to local base remote merge windows based
+   on that order.
+
+ * The documentation for "git clean" has been corrected; it mentioned
+   that .git/modules/* are removed by giving two "-f", which has never
+   been the case.
+
+ * Paths that have been told the index about with "add -N" are not
+   quite yet in the index, but a few commands behaved as if they
+   already are in a harmful way.
+
+Also includes tiny documentation and test updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6adf038915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+Git v2.7.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.7.2
+------------------
+
+ * Traditionally, the tests that try commands that work on the
+   contents in the working tree were named with "worktree" in their
+   filenames, but with the recent addition of "git worktree"
+   subcommand, whose tests are also named similarly, it has become
+   harder to tell them apart.  The traditional tests have been renamed
+   to use "work-tree" instead in an attempt to differentiate them.
+
+ * Many codepaths forget to check return value from git_config_set();
+   the function is made to die() to make sure we do not proceed when
+   setting a configuration variable failed.
+
+ * Handling of errors while writing into our internal asynchronous
+   process has been made more robust, which reduces flakiness in our
+   tests.
+
+ * "git show 'HEAD:Foo[BAR]Baz'" did not interpret the argument as a
+   rev, i.e. the object named by the the pathname with wildcard
+   characters in a tree object.
+
+ * "git rev-parse --git-common-dir" used in the worktree feature
+   misbehaved when run from a subdirectory.
+
+ * The "v(iew)" subcommand of the interactive "git am -i" command was
+   broken in 2.6.0 timeframe when the command was rewritten in C.
+
+ * "git merge-tree" used to mishandle "both sides added" conflict with
+   its own "create a fake ancestor file that has the common parts of
+   what both sides have added and do a 3-way merge" logic; this has
+   been updated to use the usual "3-way merge with an empty blob as
+   the fake common ancestor file" approach used in the rest of the
+   system.
+
+ * The memory ownership rule of fill_textconv() API, which was a bit
+   tricky, has been documented a bit better.
+
+ * The documentation did not clearly state that the 'simple' mode is
+   now the default for "git push" when push.default configuration is
+   not set.
+
+ * Recent versions of GNU grep are pickier when their input contains
+   arbitrary binary data, which some of our tests uses.  Rewrite the
+   tests to sidestep the problem.
+
+ * A helper function "git submodule" uses since v2.7.0 to list the
+   modules that match the pathspec argument given to its subcommands
+   (e.g. "submodule add <repo> <path>") has been fixed.
+
+ * "git config section.var value" to set a value in per-repository
+   configuration file failed when it was run outside any repository,
+   but didn't say the reason correctly.
+
+ * The code to read the pack data using the offsets stored in the pack
+   idx file has been made more carefully check the validity of the
+   data in the idx.
+
+Also includes documentation and test updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..883ae896fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git v2.7.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.7.3
+------------------
+
+ * Bugfix patches were backported from the 'master' front to plug heap
+   corruption holes, to catch integer overflow in the computation of
+   pathname lengths, and to get rid of the name_path API.  Both of
+   these would have resulted in writing over an under-allocated buffer
+   when formulating pathnames while tree traversal.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25079710fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+Git 2.8 Release Notes
+=====================
+
+Backward compatibility note
+---------------------------
+
+The rsync:// transport has been removed.
+
+
+Updates since v2.7
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * It turns out "git clone" over rsync transport has been broken when
+   the source repository has packed references for a long time, and
+   nobody noticed nor complained about it.
+
+ * "push" learned that its "--delete" option can be shortened to
+   "-d", just like "branch --delete" and "branch -d" are the same
+   thing.
+
+ * "git blame" learned to produce the progress eye-candy when it takes
+   too much time before emitting the first line of the result.
+
+ * "git grep" can now be configured (or told from the command line)
+   how many threads to use when searching in the working tree files.
+
+ * Some "git notes" operations, e.g. "git log --notes=<note>", should
+   be able to read notes from any tree-ish that is shaped like a notes
+   tree, but the notes infrastructure required that the argument must
+   be a ref under refs/notes/.  Loosen it to require a valid ref only
+   when the operation would update the notes (in which case we must
+   have a place to store the updated notes tree, iow, a ref).
+
+ * "git grep" by default does not fall back to its "--no-index"
+   behavior outside a directory under Git's control (otherwise the
+   user may by mistake end up running a huge recursive search); with a
+   new configuration (set in $HOME/.gitconfig--by definition this
+   cannot be set in the config file per project), this safety can be
+   disabled.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" has been extended to allow invoking
+   "rebase -i".
+
+ * "git p4" learned to cope with the type of a file getting changed.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned to notice format.outputDirectory
+   configuration variable.  This allows "-o <dir>" option to be
+   omitted on the command line if you always use the same directory in
+   your workflow.
+
+ * "interpret-trailers" has been taught to optionally update a file in
+   place, instead of always writing the result to the standard output.
+
+ * Many commands that read files that are expected to contain text
+   that is generated (or can be edited) by the end user to control
+   their behavior (e.g. "git grep -f <filename>") have been updated
+   to be more tolerant to lines that are terminated with CRLF (they
+   used to treat such a line to contain payload that ends with CR,
+   which is usually not what the users expect).
+
+ * "git notes merge" used to limit the source of the merged notes tree
+   to somewhere under refs/notes/ hierarchy, which was too limiting
+   when inventing a workflow to exchange notes with remote
+   repositories using remote-tracking notes trees (located in e.g.
+   refs/remote-notes/ or somesuch).
+
+ * "git ls-files" learned a new "--eol" option to help diagnose
+   end-of-line problems.
+
+ * "ls-remote" learned an option to show which branch the remote
+   repository advertises as its primary by pointing its HEAD at.
+
+ * New http.proxyAuthMethod configuration variable can be used to
+   specify what authentication method to use, as a way to work around
+   proxies that do not give error response expected by libcurl when
+   CURLAUTH_ANY is used.  Also, the codepath for proxy authentication
+   has been taught to use credential API to store the authentication
+   material in user's keyrings.
+
+ * Update the untracked cache subsystem and change its primary UI from
+   "git update-index" to "git config".
+
+ * There were a few "now I am doing this thing" progress messages in
+   the TCP connection code that can be triggered by setting a verbose
+   option internally in the code, but "git fetch -v" and friends never
+   passed the verbose option down to that codepath.
+
+ * Clean/smudge filters defined in a configuration file of lower
+   precedence can now be overridden to be a pass-through no-op by
+   setting the variable to an empty string.
+
+ * A new "<branch>^{/!-<pattern>}" notation can be used to name a
+   commit that is reachable from <branch> that does not match the
+   given <pattern>.
+
+ * The "user.useConfigOnly" configuration variable can be used to
+   force the user to always set user.email & user.name configuration
+   variables, serving as a reminder for those who work on multiple
+   projects and do not want to put these in their $HOME/.gitconfig.
+
+ * "git fetch" and friends that make network connections can now be
+   told to only use ipv4 (or ipv6).
+
+ * Some authentication methods do not need username or password, but
+   libcurl needs some hint that it needs to perform authentication.
+   Supplying an empty username and password string is a valid way to
+   do so, but you can set the http.[<url>.]emptyAuth configuration
+   variable to achieve the same, if you find it cleaner.
+
+ * You can now set http.[<url>.]pinnedpubkey to specify the pinned
+   public key when building with recent enough versions of libcURL.
+
+ * The configuration system has been taught to phrase where it found a
+   bad configuration variable in a better way in its error messages.
+   "git config" learnt a new "--show-origin" option to indicate where
+   the values come from.
+
+ * The "credential-cache" daemon process used to run in whatever
+   directory it happened to start in, but this made umount(2)ing the
+   filesystem that houses the repository harder; now the process
+   chdir()s to the directory that house its own socket on startup.
+
+ * When "git submodule update" did not result in fetching the commit
+   object in the submodule that is referenced by the superproject, the
+   command learned to retry another fetch, specifically asking for
+   that commit that may not be connected to the refs it usually
+   fetches.
+
+ * "git merge-recursive" learned "--no-renames" option to disable its
+   rename detection logic.
+
+ * Across the transition at around Git version 2.0, the user used to
+   get a pretty loud warning when running "git push" without setting
+   push.default configuration variable.  We no longer warn because the
+   transition was completed a long time ago.
+
+ * README has been renamed to README.md and its contents got tweaked
+   slightly to make it easier on the eyes.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * Add a framework to spawn a group of processes in parallel, and use
+   it to run "git fetch --recurse-submodules" in parallel.
+
+ * A slight update to the Makefile to mark ".PHONY" targets as such
+   correctly.
+
+ * In-core storage of the reverse index for .pack files (which lets
+   you go from a pack offset to an object name) has been streamlined.
+
+ * d95138e6 (setup: set env $GIT_WORK_TREE when work tree is set, like
+   $GIT_DIR, 2015-06-26) attempted to work around a glitch in alias
+   handling by overwriting GIT_WORK_TREE environment variable to
+   affect subprocesses when set_git_work_tree() gets called, which
+   resulted in a rather unpleasant regression to "clone" and "init".
+   Try to address the same issue by always restoring the environment
+   and respawning the real underlying command when handling alias.
+
+ * The low-level code that is used to create symbolic references has
+   been updated to share more code with the code that deals with
+   normal references.
+
+ * strbuf_getline() and friends have been redefined to make it easier
+   to identify which callsite of (new) strbuf_getline_lf() should
+   allow and silently ignore carriage-return at the end of the line to
+   help users on DOSsy systems.
+
+ * "git shortlog" used to accumulate various pieces of information
+   regardless of what was asked to be shown in the final output.  It
+   has been optimized by noticing what need not to be collected
+   (e.g. there is no need to collect the log messages when showing
+   only the number of changes).
+
+ * "git checkout $branch" (and other operations that share the same
+   underlying machinery) has been optimized.
+
+ * Automated tests in Travis CI environment has been optimized by
+   persisting runtime statistics of previous "prove" run, executing
+   tests that take longer before other ones; this reduces the total
+   wallclock time.
+
+ * Test scripts have been updated to remove assumptions that are not
+   portable between Git for POSIX and Git for Windows, or to skip ones
+   with expectations that are not satisfiable on Git for Windows.
+
+ * Some calls to strcpy(3) triggers a false warning from static
+   analyzers that are less intelligent than humans, and reducing the
+   number of these false hits helps us notice real issues.  A few
+   calls to strcpy(3) in a couple of protrams that are already safe
+   has been rewritten to avoid false warnings.
+
+ * The "name_path" API was an attempt to reduce the need to construct
+   the full path out of a series of path components while walking a
+   tree hierarchy, but over time made less efficient because the path
+   needs to be flattened, e.g. to be compared with another path that
+   is already flat.  The API has been removed and its users have been
+   rewritten to simplify the overall code complexity.
+
+ * Help those who debug http(s) part of the system.
+   (merge 0054045 sp/remote-curl-ssl-strerror later to maint).
+
+ * The internal API to interact with "remote.*" configuration
+   variables has been streamlined.
+
+ * The ref-filter's format-parsing code has been refactored, in
+   preparation for "branch --format" and friends.
+
+ * Traditionally, the tests that try commands that work on the
+   contents in the working tree were named with "worktree" in their
+   filenames, but with the recent addition of "git worktree"
+   subcommand, whose tests are also named similarly, it has become
+   harder to tell them apart.  The traditional tests have been renamed
+   to use "work-tree" instead in an attempt to differentiate them.
+   (merge 5549029 mg/work-tree-tests later to maint).
+
+ * Many codepaths forget to check return value from git_config_set();
+   the function is made to die() to make sure we do not proceed when
+   setting a configuration variable failed.
+   (merge 3d18064 ps/config-error later to maint).
+
+ * Handling of errors while writing into our internal asynchronous
+   process has been made more robust, which reduces flakiness in our
+   tests.
+   (merge 43f3afc jk/epipe-in-async later to maint).
+
+ * There is a new DEVELOPER knob that enables many compiler warning
+   options in the Makefile.
+
+ * The way the test scripts configure the Apache web server has been
+   updated to work also for Apache 2.4 running on RedHat derived
+   distros.
+
+ * Out of maintenance gcc on OSX 10.6 fails to compile the code in
+   'master'; work it around by using clang by default on the platform.
+
+ * The "name_path" API was an attempt to reduce the need to construct
+   the full path out of a series of path components while walking a
+   tree hierarchy, but over time made less efficient because the path
+   needs to be flattened, e.g. to be compared with another path that
+   is already flat, in many cases.  The API has been removed and its
+   users have been rewritten to simplify the overall code complexity.
+   This incidentally also closes some heap-corruption holes.
+
+ * Recent versions of GNU grep is pickier than before to decide if a
+   file is "binary" and refuse to give line-oriented hits when we
+   expect it to, unless explicitly told with "-a" option.  As our
+   scripted Porcelains use sane_grep wrapper for line-oriented data,
+   even when the line may contain non-ASCII payload we took from
+   end-user data, use "grep -a" to implement sane_grep wrapper when
+   using an implementation of "grep" that takes the "-a" option.
+
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.7
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.7 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * An earlier change in 2.5.x-era broke users' hooks and aliases by
+   exporting GIT_WORK_TREE to point at the root of the working tree,
+   interfering when they tried to use a different working tree without
+   setting GIT_WORK_TREE environment themselves.
+
+ * The "exclude_list" structure has the usual "alloc, nr" pair of
+   fields to be used by ALLOC_GROW(), but clear_exclude_list() forgot
+   to reset 'alloc' to 0 when it cleared 'nr' to discard the managed
+   array.
+
+ * Paths that have been told the index about with "add -N" are not
+   quite yet in the index, but a few commands behaved as if they
+   already are in a harmful way.
+
+ * "git send-email" was confused by escaped quotes stored in the alias
+   files saved by "mutt", which has been corrected.
+
+ * A few non-portable C construct have been spotted by clang compiler
+   and have been fixed.
+
+ * The documentation has been updated to hint the connection between
+   the '--signoff' option and DCO.
+
+ * "git reflog" incorrectly assumed that all objects that used to be
+   at the tip of a ref must be commits, which caused it to segfault.
+
+ * The ignore mechanism saw a few regressions around untracked file
+   listing and sparse checkout selection areas in 2.7.0; the change
+   that is responsible for the regression has been reverted.
+
+ * Some codepaths used fopen(3) when opening a fixed path in $GIT_DIR
+   (e.g. COMMIT_EDITMSG) that is meant to be left after the command is
+   done.  This however did not work well if the repository is set to
+   be shared with core.sharedRepository and the umask of the previous
+   user is tighter.  They have been made to work better by calling
+   unlink(2) and retrying after fopen(3) fails with EPERM.
+
+ * Asking gitweb for a nonexistent commit left a warning in the server
+   log.
+
+   Somebody may want to follow this up with an additional test, perhaps?
+   IIRC, we do test that no Perl warnings are given to the server log,
+   so this should have been caught if our test coverage were good.
+
+ * "git rebase", unlike all other callers of "gc --auto", did not
+   ignore the exit code from "gc --auto".
+
+ * Many codepaths that run "gc --auto" before exiting kept packfiles
+   mapped and left the file descriptors to them open, which was not
+   friendly to systems that cannot remove files that are open.  They
+   now close the packs before doing so.
+
+ * A recent optimization to filter-branch in v2.7.0 introduced a
+   regression when --prune-empty filter is used, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * The description for SANITY prerequisite the test suite uses has
+   been clarified both in the comment and in the implementation.
+
+ * "git tag" started listing a tag "foo" as "tags/foo" when a branch
+   named "foo" exists in the same repository; remove this unnecessary
+   disambiguation, which is a regression introduced in v2.7.0.
+
+ * The way "git svn" uses auth parameter was broken by Subversion
+   1.9.0 and later.
+
+ * The "split" subcommand of "git subtree" (in contrib/) incorrectly
+   skipped merges when it shouldn't, which was corrected.
+
+ * A few options of "git diff" did not work well when the command was
+   run from a subdirectory.
+
+ * The command line completion learned a handful of additional options
+   and command specific syntax.
+
+ * dirname() emulation has been added, as Msys2 lacks it.
+
+ * The underlying machinery used by "ls-files -o" and other commands
+   has been taught not to create empty submodule ref cache for a
+   directory that is not a submodule.  This removes a ton of wasted
+   CPU cycles.
+
+ * "git worktree" had a broken code that attempted to auto-fix
+   possible inconsistency that results from end-users moving a
+   worktree to different places without telling Git (the original
+   repository needs to maintain back-pointers to its worktrees,
+   but "mv" run by end-users who are not familiar with that fact
+   will obviously not adjust them), which actually made things
+   worse when triggered.
+
+ * The low-level merge machinery has been taught to use CRLF line
+   termination when inserting conflict markers to merged contents that
+   are themselves CRLF line-terminated.
+
+ * "git push --force-with-lease" has been taught to report if the push
+   needed to force (or fast-forwarded).
+
+ * The emulated "yes" command used in our test scripts has been
+   tweaked not to spend too much time generating unnecessary output
+   that is not used, to help those who test on Windows where it would
+   not stop until it fills the pipe buffer due to lack of SIGPIPE.
+
+ * The documentation for "git clean" has been corrected; it mentioned
+   that .git/modules/* are removed by giving two "-f", which has never
+   been the case.
+
+ * The vimdiff backend for "git mergetool" has been tweaked to arrange
+   and number buffers in the order that would match the expectation of
+   majority of people who read left to right, then top down and assign
+   buffers 1 2 3 4 "mentally" to local base remote merge windows based
+   on that order.
+
+ * "git show 'HEAD:Foo[BAR]Baz'" did not interpret the argument as a
+   rev, i.e. the object named by the the pathname with wildcard
+   characters in a tree object.
+   (merge aac4fac nd/dwim-wildcards-as-pathspecs later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-parse --git-common-dir" used in the worktree feature
+   misbehaved when run from a subdirectory.
+   (merge 17f1365 nd/git-common-dir-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git worktree add -B <branchname>" did not work.
+
+ * The "v(iew)" subcommand of the interactive "git am -i" command was
+   broken in 2.6.0 timeframe when the command was rewritten in C.
+   (merge 708b8cc jc/am-i-v-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-tree" used to mishandle "both sides added" conflict with
+   its own "create a fake ancestor file that has the common parts of
+   what both sides have added and do a 3-way merge" logic; this has
+   been updated to use the usual "3-way merge with an empty blob as
+   the fake common ancestor file" approach used in the rest of the
+   system.
+   (merge 907681e jk/no-diff-emit-common later to maint).
+
+ * The memory ownership rule of fill_textconv() API, which was a bit
+   tricky, has been documented a bit better.
+   (merge a64e6a4 jk/more-comments-on-textconv later to maint).
+
+ * Update various codepaths to avoid manually-counted malloc().
+   (merge 08c95df jk/tighten-alloc later to maint).
+
+ * The documentation did not clearly state that the 'simple' mode is
+   now the default for "git push" when push.default configuration is
+   not set.
+   (merge f6b1fb3 mm/push-simple-doc later to maint).
+
+ * Recent versions of GNU grep are pickier when their input contains
+   arbitrary binary data, which some of our tests uses.  Rewrite the
+   tests to sidestep the problem.
+   (merge 3b1442d jk/grep-binary-workaround-in-test later to maint).
+
+ * A helper function "git submodule" uses since v2.7.0 to list the
+   modules that match the pathspec argument given to its subcommands
+   (e.g. "submodule add <repo> <path>") has been fixed.
+   (merge 2b56bb7 sb/submodule-module-list-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git config section.var value" to set a value in per-repository
+   configuration file failed when it was run outside any repository,
+   but didn't say the reason correctly.
+   (merge 638fa62 js/config-set-in-non-repository later to maint).
+
+ * The code to read the pack data using the offsets stored in the pack
+   idx file has been made more carefully check the validity of the
+   data in the idx.
+   (merge 7465feb jk/pack-idx-corruption-safety later to maint).
+
+ * Other minor clean-ups and documentation updates
+   (merge f459823 ak/extract-argv0-last-dir-sep later to maint).
+   (merge 63ca1c0 ak/git-strip-extension-from-dashed-command later to maint).
+   (merge 4867f11 ps/plug-xdl-merge-leak later to maint).
+   (merge 4938686 dt/initial-ref-xn-commit-doc later to maint).
+   (merge 9537f21 ma/update-hooks-sample-typofix later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef6d80b008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v2.8.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.8
+----------------
+
+ * "make rpmbuild" target was broken as its input, git.spec.in, was
+   not updated to match a file it describes that has been renamed
+   recently.  This has been fixed.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..447b1933a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+Git v2.8.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.8.1
+------------------
+
+ * The embedded args argv-array in the child process is used to build
+   the command line to run pack-objects instead of using a separate
+   array of strings.
+
+ * Bunch of tests on "git clone" has been renumbered for better
+   organization.
+
+ * The tests that involve running httpd leaked the system-wide
+   configuration in /etc/gitconfig to the tested environment.
+
+ * "index-pack --keep=<msg>" was broken since v2.1.0 timeframe.
+
+ * "git config --get-urlmatch", unlike other variants of the "git
+   config --get" family, did not signal error with its exit status
+   when there was no matching configuration.
+
+ * The "--local-env-vars" and "--resolve-git-dir" options of "git
+   rev-parse" failed to work outside a repository when the command's
+   option parsing was rewritten in 1.8.5 era.
+
+ * Fetching of history by naming a commit object name directly didn't
+   work across remote-curl transport.
+
+ * A small memory leak in an error codepath has been plugged in xdiff
+   code.
+
+ * strbuf_getwholeline() did not NUL-terminate the buffer on certain
+   corner cases in its error codepath.
+
+ * The startup_info data, which records if we are working inside a
+   repository (among other things), are now uniformly available to Git
+   subcommand implementations, and Git avoids attempting to touch
+   references when we are not in a repository.
+
+ * "git mergetool" did not work well with conflicts that both sides
+   deleted.
+
+ * "git send-email" had trouble parsing alias file in mailrc format
+   when lines in it had trailing whitespaces on them.
+
+ * When "git merge --squash" stopped due to conflict, the concluding
+   "git commit" failed to read in the SQUASH_MSG that shows the log
+   messages from all the squashed commits.
+
+ * "git merge FETCH_HEAD" dereferenced NULL pointer when merging
+   nothing into an unborn history (which is arguably unusual usage,
+   which perhaps was the reason why nobody noticed it).
+
+ * Build updates for MSVC.
+
+ * "git diff -M" used to work better when two originally identical
+   files A and B got renamed to X/A and X/B by pairing A to X/A and B
+   to X/B, but this was broken in the 2.0 timeframe.
+
+ * "git send-pack --all <there>" was broken when its command line
+   option parsing was written in the 2.6 timeframe.
+
+ * When running "git blame $path" with unnormalized data in the index
+   for the path, the data in the working tree was blamed, even though
+   "git add" would not have changed what is already in the index, due
+   to "safe crlf" that disables the line-end conversion.  It has been
+   corrected.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fedd9968e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+Git v2.8.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.8.2
+------------------
+
+ * "git send-email" now uses a more readable timestamps when
+   formulating a message ID.
+
+ * The repository set-up sequence has been streamlined (the biggest
+   change is that there is no longer git_config_early()), so that we
+   do not attempt to look into refs/* when we know we do not have a
+   Git repository.
+
+ * When "git worktree" feature is in use, "git branch -d" allowed
+   deletion of a branch that is checked out in another worktree
+
+ * When "git worktree" feature is in use, "git branch -m" renamed a
+   branch that is checked out in another worktree without adjusting
+   the HEAD symbolic ref for the worktree.
+
+ * "git format-patch --help" showed `-s` and `--no-patch` as if these
+   are valid options to the command.  We already hide `--patch` option
+   from the documentation, because format-patch is about showing the
+   diff, and the documentation now hides these options as well.
+
+ * A change back in version 2.7 to "git branch" broke display of a
+   symbolic ref in a non-standard place in the refs/ hierarchy (we
+   expect symbolic refs to appear in refs/remotes/*/HEAD to point at
+   the primary branch the remote has, and as .git/HEAD to point at the
+   branch we locally checked out).
+
+ * A partial rewrite of "git submodule" in the 2.7 timeframe changed
+   the way the gitdir: pointer in the submodules point at the real
+   repository location to use absolute paths by accident.  This has
+   been corrected.
+
+ * "git commit" misbehaved in a few minor ways when an empty message
+   is given via -m '', all of which has been corrected.
+
+ * Support for CRAM-MD5 authentication method in "git imap-send" did
+   not work well.
+
+ * The socks5:// proxy support added back in 2.6.4 days was not aware
+   that socks5h:// proxies behave differently.
+
+ * "git config" had a codepath that tried to pass a NULL to
+   printf("%s"), which nobody seems to have noticed.
+
+ * On Cygwin, object creation uses the "create a temporary and then
+   rename it to the final name" pattern, not "create a temporary,
+   hardlink it to the final name and then unlink the temporary"
+   pattern.
+
+   This is necessary to use Git on Windows shared directories, and is
+   already enabled for the MinGW and plain Windows builds.  It also
+   has been used in Cygwin packaged versions of Git for quite a while.
+   See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/291853
+   and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/275680.
+
+ * "git replace -e" did not honour "core.editor" configuration.
+
+ * Upcoming OpenSSL 1.1.0 will break compilation b updating a few APIs
+   we use in imap-send, which has been adjusted for the change.
+
+ * "git submodule" reports the paths of submodules the command
+   recurses into, but this was incorrect when the command was not run
+   from the root level of the superproject.
+
+ * The test scripts for "git p4" (but not "git p4" implementation
+   itself) has been updated so that they would work even on a system
+   where the installed version of Python is python 3.
+
+ * The "user.useConfigOnly" configuration variable makes it an error
+   if users do not explicitly set user.name and user.email.  However,
+   its check was not done early enough and allowed another error to
+   trigger, reporting that the default value we guessed from the
+   system setting was unusable.  This was a suboptimal end-user
+   experience as we want the users to set user.name/user.email without
+   relying on the auto-detection at all.
+
+ * "git mv old new" did not adjust the path for a submodule that lives
+   as a subdirectory inside old/ directory correctly.
+
+ * "git push" from a corrupt repository that attempts to push a large
+   number of refs deadlocked; the thread to relay rejection notices
+   for these ref updates blocked on writing them to the main thread,
+   after the main thread at the receiving end notices that the push
+   failed and decides not to read these notices and return a failure.
+
+ * A question by "git send-email" to ask the identity of the sender
+   has been updated.
+
+ * Recent update to Git LFS broke "git p4" by changing the output from
+   its "lfs pointer" subcommand.
+
+ * Some multi-byte encoding can have a backslash byte as a later part
+   of one letter, which would confuse "highlight" filter used in
+   gitweb.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4e2552836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+Git v2.8.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.8.3
+------------------
+
+ * Documentation for "git merge --verify-signatures" has been updated
+   to clarify that the signature of only the commit at the tip is
+   verified.  Also the phrasing used for signature and key validity is
+   adjusted to align with that used by OpenPGP.
+
+ * On Windows, .git and optionally any files whose name starts with a
+   dot are now marked as hidden, with a core.hideDotFiles knob to
+   customize this behaviour.
+
+ * Portability enhancement for "rebase -i" to help platforms whose
+   shell does not like "for i in <empty>" (which is not POSIX-kosher).
+
+ * "git fsck" learned to catch NUL byte in a commit object as
+   potential error and warn.
+
+ * CI test was taught to build documentation pages.
+
+ * Many 'linkgit:<git documentation page>' references were broken,
+   which are all fixed with this.
+
+ * "git describe --contains" often made a hard-to-justify choice of
+   tag to give name to a given commit, because it tried to come up
+   with a name with smallest number of hops from a tag, causing an old
+   commit whose close descendant that is recently tagged were not
+   described with respect to an old tag but with a newer tag.  It did
+   not help that its computation of "hop" count was further tweaked to
+   penalize being on a side branch of a merge.  The logic has been
+   updated to favor using the tag with the oldest tagger date, which
+   is a lot easier to explain to the end users: "We describe a commit
+   in terms of the (chronologically) oldest tag that contains the
+   commit."
+
+ * Running tests with '-x' option to trace the individual command
+   executions is a useful way to debug test scripts, but some tests
+   that capture the standard error stream and check what the command
+   said can be broken with the trace output mixed in.  When running
+   our tests under "bash", however, we can redirect the trace output
+   to another file descriptor to keep the standard error of programs
+   being tested intact.
+
+ * "http.cookieFile" configuration variable clearly wants a pathname,
+   but we forgot to treat it as such by e.g. applying tilde expansion.
+
+ * When de-initialising all submodules, "git submodule deinit" gave a
+   faulty recommendation to use "git submodule deinit .", which would
+   result in a strange error message in a pathological corner case.
+   This has been corrected to suggest "submodule deinit --all" instead.
+
+ * Many commands normalize command line arguments from NFD to NFC
+   variant of UTF-8 on OSX, but commands in the "diff" family did
+   not, causing "git diff $path" to complain that no such path is
+   known to Git.  They have been taught to do the normalization.
+
+ * A couple of bugs around core.autocrlf have been fixed.
+
+ * "git difftool" learned to handle unmerged paths correctly in
+   dir-diff mode.
+
+ * The "are we talking with TTY, doing an interactive session?"
+   detection has been updated to work better for "Git for Windows".
+
+
+Also contains other minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b61d36712f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+Git 2.9 Release Notes
+=====================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+The end-user facing Porcelain level commands in the "git diff" and
+"git log" family by default enable the rename detection; you can still
+use "diff.renames" configuration variable to disable this.
+
+Merging two branches that have no common ancestor with "git merge" is
+by default forbidden now to prevent creating such an unusual merge by
+mistake.
+
+The output formats of "git log" that indents the commit log message by
+4 spaces now expands HT in the log message by default.  You can use
+the "--no-expand-tabs" option to disable this.
+
+"git commit-tree" plumbing command required the user to always sign
+its result when the user sets the commit.gpgsign configuration
+variable, which was an ancient mistake, which this release corrects.
+A script that drives commit-tree, if it relies on this mistake, now
+needs to read commit.gpgsign and pass the -S option as necessary.
+
+
+Updates since v2.8
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Comes with git-multimail 1.3.1 (in contrib/).
+
+ * The end-user facing commands like "git diff" and "git log"
+   now enable the rename detection by default.
+
+ * The credential.helper configuration variable is cumulative and
+   there is no good way to override it from the command line.  As
+   a special case, giving an empty string as its value now serves
+   as the signal to clear the values specified in various files.
+
+ * A new "interactive.diffFilter" configuration can be used to
+   customize the diff shown in "git add -i" sessions.
+
+ * "git p4" now allows P4 author names to be mapped to Git author
+   names.
+
+ * "git rebase -x" can be used without passing "-i" option.
+
+ * "git -c credential.<var>=<value> submodule" can now be used to
+   propagate configuration variables related to credential helper
+   down to the submodules.
+
+ * "git tag" can create an annotated tag without explicitly given an
+   "-a" (or "-s") option (i.e. when a tag message is given).  A new
+   configuration variable, tag.forceSignAnnotated, can be used to tell
+   the command to create signed tag in such a situation.
+
+ * "git merge" used to allow merging two branches that have no common
+   base by default, which led to a brand new history of an existing
+   project created and then get pulled by an unsuspecting maintainer,
+   which allowed an unnecessary parallel history merged into the
+   existing project.  The command has been taught not to allow this by
+   default, with an escape hatch "--allow-unrelated-histories" option
+   to be used in a rare event that merges histories of two projects
+   that started their lives independently.
+
+ * "git pull" has been taught to pass the "--allow-unrelated-histories"
+   option to underlying "git merge".
+
+ * "git apply -v" learned to report paths in the patch that were
+   skipped via --include/--exclude mechanism or being outside the
+   current working directory.
+
+ * Shell completion (in contrib/) updates.
+
+ * The commit object name reported when "rebase -i" stops has been
+   shortened.
+
+ * "git worktree add" can be given "--no-checkout" option to only
+   create an empty worktree without checking out the files.
+
+ * "git mergetools" learned to drive ExamDiff.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option, so that
+   the rebase.autostash configuration variable set to true can be
+   overridden from the command line.
+
+ * When "git log" shows the log message indented by 4-spaces, the
+   remainder of a line after a HT does not align in the way the author
+   originally intended.  The command now expands tabs by default to help
+   such a case, and allows the users to override it with a new option,
+   "--no-expand-tabs".
+
+ * "git send-email" now uses a more readable timestamps when
+   formulating a message ID.
+
+ * "git rerere" can encounter two or more files with the same conflict
+   signature that have to be resolved in different ways, but there was
+   no way to record these separate resolutions.
+
+ * "git p4" learned to record P4 jobs in Git commit that imports from
+   the history in Perforce.
+
+ * "git describe --contains" often made a hard-to-justify choice of
+   tag to name a given commit, because it tried to come up
+   with a name with smallest number of hops from a tag, causing an old
+   commit whose close descendant that is recently tagged were not
+   described with respect to an old tag but with a newer tag.  It did
+   not help that its computation of "hop" count was further tweaked to
+   penalize being on a side branch of a merge.  The logic has been
+   updated to favor using the tag with the oldest tagger date, which
+   is a lot easier to explain to the end users: "We describe a commit
+   in terms of the (chronologically) oldest tag that contains the
+   commit."
+
+ * "git clone" learned the "--shallow-submodules" option.
+
+ * HTTP transport clients learned to throw extra HTTP headers at the
+   server, specified via http.extraHeader configuration variable.
+
+ * The "--compaction-heuristic" option to "git diff" family of
+   commands enables a heuristic to make the patch output more readable
+   by using a blank line as a strong hint that the contents before and
+   after it belong to logically separate units.  It is still
+   experimental.
+
+ * A new configuration variable core.hooksPath allows customizing
+   where the hook directory is.
+
+ * An earlier addition of "sanitize_submodule_env" with 14111fc4 (git:
+   submodule honor -c credential.* from command line, 2016-02-29)
+   turned out to be a convoluted no-op; implement what it wanted to do
+   correctly, and stop filtering settings given via "git -c var=val".
+
+ * "git commit --dry-run" reported "No, no, you cannot commit." in one
+   case where "git commit" would have allowed you to commit, and this
+   improves it a little bit ("git commit --dry-run --short" still does
+   not give you the correct answer, for example).  This is a stop-gap
+   measure in that "commit --short --dry-run" still gives an incorrect
+   result.
+
+ * The experimental "multiple worktree" feature gains more safety to
+   forbid operations on a branch that is checked out or being actively
+   worked on elsewhere, by noticing that e.g. it is being rebased.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned a new "--base" option to record what
+   (public, well-known) commit the original series was built on in
+   its output.
+
+ * "git commit" learned to pay attention to the "commit.verbose"
+   configuration variable and act as if the "--verbose" option
+   was given from the command line.
+
+ * Updated documentation gives hints to GMail users with two-factor
+   auth enabled that they need app-specific-password when using
+   "git send-email".
+
+ * The manpage output of our documentation did not render well in
+   terminal; typeset literals in bold by default to make them stand
+   out more.
+
+ * The mark-up in the top-level README.md file has been updated to
+   typeset CLI command names differently from the body text.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The embedded args argv-array in the child process is used to build
+   the command line to run pack-objects instead of using a separate
+   array of strings.
+
+ * A test for tags has been restructured so that more parts of it can
+   easily be run on a platform without a working GnuPG.
+
+ * The startup_info data, which records if we are working inside a
+   repository (among other things), are now uniformly available to Git
+   subcommand implementations, and Git avoids attempting to touch
+   references when we are not in a repository.
+
+ * The command line argument parser for "receive-pack" has been
+   rewritten to use parse-options.
+
+ * A major part of "git submodule update" has been ported to C to take
+   advantage of the recently added framework to run download tasks in
+   parallel.  Other updates to "git submodule" that move pieces of
+   logic to C continues.
+
+ * Rename bunch of tests on "git clone" for better organization.
+
+ * The tests that involve running httpd leaked the system-wide
+   configuration in /etc/gitconfig to the tested environment.
+
+ * Build updates for MSVC.
+
+ * The repository set-up sequence has been streamlined (the biggest
+   change is that there is no longer git_config_early()), so that we
+   do not attempt to look into refs/* when we know we do not have a
+   Git repository.
+
+ * Code restructuring around the "refs" API to prepare for pluggable
+   refs backends.
+
+ * Sources to many test helper binaries and the generated helpers
+   have been moved to t/helper/ subdirectory to reduce clutter at the
+   top level of the tree.
+
+ * Unify internal logic between "git tag -v" and "git verify-tag"
+   commands by making one directly call into the other.
+
+ * "merge-recursive" strategy incorrectly checked if a path that is
+   involved in its internal merge exists in the working tree.
+
+ * The test scripts for "git p4" (but not "git p4" implementation
+   itself) has been updated so that they would work even on a system
+   where the installed version of Python is python 3.
+
+ * As nobody maintains our in-tree git.spec.in and distros use their
+   own spec file, we stopped pretending that we support "make rpm".
+
+ * Move from "unsigned char[20]" to "struct object_id" continues.
+
+ * The code for warning_errno/die_errno has been refactored and a new
+   error_errno() reporting helper is introduced.
+   (merge 1da045f nd/error-errno later to maint).
+
+ * Running tests with '-x' option to trace the individual command
+   executions is a useful way to debug test scripts, but some tests
+   that capture the standard error stream and check what the command
+   said can be broken with the trace output mixed in.  When running
+   our tests under "bash", however, we can redirect the trace output
+   to another file descriptor to keep the standard error of programs
+   being tested intact.
+
+ * t0040 had too many unnecessary repetitions in its test data.  Teach
+   test-parse-options program so that a caller can tell what it
+   expects in its output, so that these repetitions can be cleaned up.
+
+ * Add perf test for "rebase -i".
+
+ * Common mistakes when writing gitlink: in our documentation are
+   found by "make check-docs".
+
+ * t9xxx series has been updated primarily for readability, while
+   fixing small bugs in it.  A few scripted Porcelain commands have
+   also been updated to fix possible bugs around their use of
+   "test -z" and "test -n".
+
+ * CI test was taught to run git-svn tests.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-all" has been sped up, by taking advantage
+   of the fact that it does not have to read a list of objects, in two
+   ways.
+
+ * test updates to make it more readable and maintainable.
+   (merge e6273f4 es/t1500-modernize later to maint).
+
+ * "make DEVELOPER=1" worked as expected; setting DEVELOPER=1 in
+   config.mak didn't.
+   (merge 51dd3e8 mm/makefile-developer-can-be-in-config-mak later to maint).
+
+ * The way how "submodule--helper list" signals unmatch error to its
+   callers has been updated.
+
+ * A bash-ism "local" has been removed from "git submodule" scripted
+   Porcelain.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.8
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.8 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git config --get-urlmatch", unlike other variants of the "git
+   config --get" family, did not signal error with its exit status
+   when there was no matching configuration.
+
+ * The "--local-env-vars" and "--resolve-git-dir" options of "git
+   rev-parse" failed to work outside a repository when the command's
+   option parsing was rewritten in 1.8.5 era.
+
+ * "git index-pack --keep[=<msg>] pack-$name.pack" simply did not work.
+
+ * Fetching of history by naming a commit object name directly didn't
+   work across remote-curl transport.
+
+ * A small memory leak in an error codepath has been plugged in xdiff
+   code.
+
+ * strbuf_getwholeline() did not NUL-terminate the buffer on certain
+   corner cases in its error codepath.
+
+ * "git mergetool" did not work well with conflicts that both sides
+   deleted.
+
+ * "git send-email" had trouble parsing alias file in mailrc format
+   when lines in it had trailing whitespaces on them.
+
+ * When "git merge --squash" stopped due to conflict, the concluding
+   "git commit" failed to read in the SQUASH_MSG that shows the log
+   messages from all the squashed commits.
+
+ * "git merge FETCH_HEAD" dereferenced NULL pointer when merging
+   nothing into an unborn history (which is arguably unusual usage,
+   which perhaps was the reason why nobody noticed it).
+
+ * When "git worktree" feature is in use, "git branch -d" allowed
+   deletion of a branch that is checked out in another worktree,
+   which was wrong.
+
+ * When "git worktree" feature is in use, "git branch -m" renamed a
+   branch that is checked out in another worktree without adjusting
+   the HEAD symbolic ref for the worktree.
+
+ * "git diff -M" used to work better when two originally identical
+   files A and B got renamed to X/A and X/B by pairing A to X/A and B
+   to X/B, but this was broken in the 2.0 timeframe.
+
+ * "git send-pack --all <there>" was broken when its command line
+   option parsing was written in the 2.6 timeframe.
+
+ * "git format-patch --help" showed `-s` and `--no-patch` as if these
+   are valid options to the command.  We already hide `--patch` option
+   from the documentation, because format-patch is about showing the
+   diff, and the documentation now hides these options as well.
+
+ * When running "git blame $path" with unnormalized data in the index
+   for the path, the data in the working tree was blamed, even though
+   "git add" would not have changed what is already in the index, due
+   to "safe crlf" that disables the line-end conversion.  It has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * A change back in version 2.7 to "git branch" broke display of a
+   symbolic ref in a non-standard place in the refs/ hierarchy (we
+   expect symbolic refs to appear in refs/remotes/*/HEAD to point at
+   the primary branch the remote has, and as .git/HEAD to point at the
+   branch we locally checked out).
+
+ * A partial rewrite of "git submodule" in the 2.7 timeframe changed
+   the way the gitdir: pointer in the submodules point at the real
+   repository location to use absolute paths by accident.  This has
+   been corrected.
+
+ * "git commit" misbehaved in a few minor ways when an empty message
+   is given via -m '', all of which has been corrected.
+
+ * Support for CRAM-MD5 authentication method in "git imap-send" did
+   not work well.
+
+ * Upcoming OpenSSL 1.1.0 will break compilation by updating a few API
+   elements we use in imap-send, which has been adjusted for the change.
+
+ * The socks5:// proxy support added back in 2.6.4 days was not aware
+   that socks5h:// proxies behave differently from socks5:// proxies.
+
+ * "git config" had a codepath that tried to pass a NULL to
+   printf("%s"), which nobody seems to have noticed.
+
+ * On Cygwin, object creation uses the "create a temporary and then
+   rename it to the final name" pattern, not "create a temporary,
+   hardlink it to the final name and then unlink the temporary"
+   pattern.
+
+   This is necessary to use Git on Windows shared directories, and is
+   already enabled for the MinGW and plain Windows builds.  It also
+   has been used in Cygwin packaged versions of Git for quite a while.
+   See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/291853
+
+ * "merge-octopus" strategy did not ensure that the index is clean
+   when merge begins.
+
+ * When "git merge" notices that the merge can be resolved purely at
+   the tree level (without having to merge blobs) and the resulting
+   tree happens to already exist in the object store, it forgot to
+   update the index, which left an inconsistent state that would
+   break later operations.
+
+ * "git submodule" reports the paths of submodules the command
+   recurses into, but these paths were incorrectly reported when
+   the command was not run from the root level of the superproject.
+
+ * The "user.useConfigOnly" configuration variable makes it an error
+   if users do not explicitly set user.name and user.email.  However,
+   its check was not done early enough and allowed another error to
+   trigger, reporting that the default value we guessed from the
+   system setting was unusable.  This was a suboptimal end-user
+   experience as we want the users to set user.name/user.email without
+   relying on the auto-detection at all.
+
+ * "git mv old new" did not adjust the path for a submodule that lives
+   as a subdirectory inside old/ directory correctly.
+
+ * "git replace -e" did not honour "core.editor" configuration.
+
+ * "git push" from a corrupt repository that attempts to push a large
+   number of refs deadlocked; the thread to relay rejection notices
+   for these ref updates blocked on writing them to the main thread,
+   after the main thread at the receiving end notices that the push
+   failed and decides not to read these notices and return a failure.
+
+ * mmap emulation on Windows has been optimized and work better without
+   consuming paging store when not needed.
+
+ * A question by "git send-email" to ask the identity of the sender
+   has been updated.
+
+ * UI consistency improvements for "git mergetool".
+
+ * "git rebase -m" could be asked to rebase an entire branch starting
+   from the root, but failed by assuming that there always is a parent
+   commit to the first commit on the branch.
+
+ * Fix a broken "p4 lfs" test.
+
+ * Recent update to Git LFS broke "git p4" by changing the output from
+   its "lfs pointer" subcommand.
+
+ * "git fetch" test t5510 was flaky while running a (forced) automagic
+   garbage collection.
+
+ * Documentation updates to help contributors setting up Travis CI
+   test for their patches.
+
+ * Some multi-byte encoding can have a backslash byte as a later part
+   of one letter, which would confuse "highlight" filter used in
+   gitweb.
+
+ * "git commit-tree" plumbing command required the user to always sign
+   its result when the user sets the commit.gpgsign configuration
+   variable, which was an ancient mistake.  Rework "git rebase" that
+   relied on this mistake so that it reads commit.gpgsign and pass (or
+   not pass) the -S option to "git commit-tree" to keep the end-user
+   expectation the same, while teaching "git commit-tree" to ignore
+   the configuration variable.  This will stop requiring the users to
+   sign commit objects used internally as an implementation detail of
+   "git stash".
+
+ * "http.cookieFile" configuration variable clearly wants a pathname,
+   but we forgot to treat it as such by e.g. applying tilde expansion.
+
+ * Consolidate description of tilde-expansion that is done to
+   configuration variables that take pathname to a single place.
+
+ * Correct faulty recommendation to use "git submodule deinit ." when
+   de-initialising all submodules, which would result in a strange
+   error message in a pathological corner case.
+
+ * Many 'linkgit:<git documentation page>' references were broken,
+   which are all fixed with this.
+
+ * "git rerere" can get confused by conflict markers deliberately left
+   by the inner merge step, because they are indistinguishable from
+   the real conflict markers left by the outermost merge which are
+   what the end user and "rerere" need to look at.  This was fixed by
+   making the conflict markers left by the inner merges a bit longer.
+   (merge 0f9fd5c jc/ll-merge-internal later to maint).
+
+ * CI test was taught to build documentation pages.
+
+ * "git fsck" learned to catch NUL byte in a commit object as
+   potential error and warn.
+
+ * Portability enhancement for "rebase -i" to help platforms whose
+   shell does not like "for i in <empty>" (which is not POSIX-kosher).
+
+ * On Windows, .git and optionally any files whose name starts with a
+   dot are now marked as hidden, with a core.hideDotFiles knob to
+   customize this behaviour.
+
+ * Documentation for "git merge --verify-signatures" has been updated
+   to clarify that the signature of only the commit at the tip is
+   verified.  Also the phrasing used for signature and key validity is
+   adjusted to align with that used by OpenPGP.
+
+ * A couple of bugs around core.autocrlf have been fixed.
+
+ * Many commands normalize command line arguments from NFD to NFC
+   variant of UTF-8 on OSX, but commands in the "diff" family did
+   not, causing "git diff $path" to complain that no such path is
+   known to Git.  They have been taught to do the normalization.
+
+ * "git difftool" learned to handle unmerged paths correctly in
+   dir-diff mode.
+
+ * The "are we talking with TTY, doing an interactive session?"
+   detection has been updated to work better for "Git for Windows".
+
+ * We forgot to add "git log --decorate=auto" to documentation when we
+   added the feature back in v2.1.0 timeframe.
+   (merge 462cbb4 rj/log-decorate-auto later to maint).
+
+ * "git fast-import --export-marks" would overwrite the existing marks
+   file even when it makes a dump from its custom die routine.
+   Prevent it from doing so when we have an import-marks file but
+   haven't finished reading it.
+   (merge f4beed6 fc/fast-import-broken-marks-file later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i", after it fails to auto-resolve the conflict, had
+   an unnecessary call to "git rerere" from its very early days, which
+   was spotted recently; the call has been removed.
+   (merge 7063693 js/rebase-i-dedup-call-to-rerere later to maint).
+
+ * Other minor clean-ups and documentation updates
+   (merge cd82b7a pa/cherry-pick-doc-typo later to maint).
+   (merge 2bb73ae rs/patch-id-use-skip-prefix later to maint).
+   (merge aa20cbc rs/apply-name-terminate later to maint).
+   (merge fe17fc0 jc/t2300-setup later to maint).
+   (merge e256eec jk/shell-portability later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed2bca038b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Git v2.9.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.9
+----------------
+
+ * When "git daemon" is run without --[init-]timeout specified, a
+   connection from a client that silently goes offline can hang around
+   for a long time, wasting resources.  The socket-level KEEPALIVE has
+   been enabled to allow the OS to notice such failed connections.
+
+ * The commands in `git log` family take %C(auto) in a custom format
+   string.  This unconditionally turned the color on, ignoring
+   --no-color or with --color=auto when the output is not connected to
+   a tty; this was corrected to make the format truly behave as
+   "auto".
+
+ * "git rev-list --count" whose walk-length is limited with "-n"
+   option did not work well with the counting optimized to look at the
+   bitmap index.
+
+ * "git show -W" (extend hunks to cover the entire function, delimited
+   by lines that match the "funcname" pattern) used to show the entire
+   file when a change added an entire function at the end of the file,
+   which has been fixed.
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 0dbf2c9843..e8ad978824 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -1,65 +1,5 @@
-Checklist (and a short version for the impatient):
-
-	Commits:
-
-	- make commits of logical units
-	- check for unnecessary whitespace with "git diff --check"
-	  before committing
-	- do not check in commented out code or unneeded files
-	- the first line of the commit message should be a short
-	  description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION
-	  in git-commit(1)), and should skip the full stop
-	- the body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
-	  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what
-	    is wrong with the current code without the change.
-	  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why
-	    the result with the change is better.
-	  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
-	- describe changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
-	  instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed
-	  xyzzy to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase
-	  to change its behaviour.
-	- try to make sure your explanation can be understood without
-	  external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
-	  archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
-	- add a "Signed-off-by: Your Name <you@example.com>" line to the
-	  commit message (or just use the option "-s" when committing)
-	  to confirm that you agree to the Developer's Certificate of Origin
-	- make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing
-	- make sure that the test suite passes after your commit
-
-	Patch:
-
-	- use "git format-patch -M" to create the patch
-	- do not PGP sign your patch
-	- do not attach your patch, but read in the mail
-	  body, unless you cannot teach your mailer to
-	  leave the formatting of the patch alone.
-	- be careful doing cut & paste into your mailer, not to
-	  corrupt whitespaces.
-	- provide additional information (which is unsuitable for
-	  the commit message) between the "---" and the diffstat
-	- if you change, add, or remove a command line option or
-	  make some other user interface change, the associated
-	  documentation should be updated as well.
-	- if your name is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
-	  you send off a message in the correct encoding.
-	- send the patch to the list (git@vger.kernel.org) and the
-	  maintainer (gitster@pobox.com) if (and only if) the patch
-	  is ready for inclusion. If you use git-send-email(1),
-	  please test it first by sending email to yourself.
-	- see below for instructions specific to your mailer
-
-Long version:
-
-I started reading over the SubmittingPatches document for Linux
-kernel, primarily because I wanted to have a document similar to
-it for the core GIT to make sure people understand what they are
-doing when they write "Signed-off-by" line.
-
-But the patch submission requirements are a lot more relaxed
-here on the technical/contents front, because the core GIT is
-thousand times smaller ;-).  So here is only the relevant bits.
+Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code
+to this software.
 
 (0) Decide what to base your work on.
 
@@ -86,6 +26,10 @@ change is relevant to.
    wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and
    rebase your work.
 
+ - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+   repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below).  Changes to
+   these parts should be based on their trees.
+
 To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent
 master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
 commit is the tip of the topic branch.
@@ -113,49 +57,112 @@ change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this
 differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things
 to have.
 
-Oh, another thing.  I am picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
+Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing.  See
+t/README for guidance.
+
+When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show
+the feature triggers the new behavior when it should, and to show the
+feature does not trigger when it shouldn't.  After any code change, make
+sure that the entire test suite passes.
+
+If you have an account at GitHub (and you can get one for free to work
+on open source projects), you can use their Travis CI integration to
+test your changes on Linux, Mac (and hopefully soon Windows).  See
+GitHub-Travis CI hints section for details.
+
+Do not forget to update the documentation to describe the updated
+behavior and make sure that the resulting documentation set formats
+well. It is currently a liberal mixture of US and UK English norms for
+spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate.  A huge patch that
+touches the files all over the place only to correct the inconsistency
+is not welcome, though.  Potential clashes with other changes that can
+result from such a patch are not worth it.  We prefer to gradually
+reconcile the inconsistencies in favor of US English, with small and
+easily digestible patches, as a side effect of doing some other real
+work in the vicinity (e.g. rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while
+turning en_UK spelling to en_US).  Obvious typographical fixes are much
+more welcomed ("teh -> "the"), preferably submitted as independent
+patches separate from other documentation changes.
+
+Oh, another thing.  We are picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
 changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped
 in templates/hooks--pre-commit.  To help ensure this does not happen,
 run git diff --check on your changes before you commit.
 
 
-(1a) Try to be nice to older C compilers
+(2) Describe your changes well.
+
+The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50
+characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and
+should skip the full stop.  It is also conventional in most cases to
+prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or
+identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g.
+
+  . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned
+  . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation
+
+If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the
+files you are modifying to see the current conventions.
+
+The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
 
-We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile
-git with. That means that you should not use C99 initializers, even
-if a lot of compilers grok it.
+  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong
+    with the current code without the change.
 
-Also, variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block
-(you can check this with gcc, using the -Wdeclaration-after-statement
-option).
+  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why the
+    result with the change is better.
 
-Another thing: NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0.
+  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
 
+Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
+instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy
+to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change
+its behaviour.  Try to make sure your explanation can be understood
+without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
+archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
 
-(2) Generate your patch using git tools out of your commits.
 
-git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
+(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.
+
+Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
 
 You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or
 "git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames.  The
 receiving end can handle them just fine.
 
-Please make sure your patch does not include any extra files
-which do not belong in a patch submission.  Make sure to review
+Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code,
+or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch
+is trying to achieve. Make sure to review
 your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy.  Before
 sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master"
 branch head.  If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch,
 that is fine, but please mark it as such.
 
 
-(3) Sending your patches.
+(4) Sending your patches.
+
+Learn to use format-patch and send-email if possible.  These commands
+are optimized for the workflow of sending patches, avoiding many ways
+your existing e-mail client that is optimized for "multipart/*" mime
+type e-mails to corrupt and render your patches unusable.
 
-People on the git mailing list need to be able to read and
+People on the Git mailing list need to be able to read and
 comment on the changes you are submitting.  It is important for
 a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard
 e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of
-your code.  For this reason, all patches should be submitted
-"inline".  WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
+your code.  For this reason, each patch should be submitted
+"inline" in a separate message.
+
+Multiple related patches should be grouped into their own e-mail
+thread to help readers find all parts of the series.  To that end,
+send them as replies to either an additional "cover letter" message
+(see below), the first patch, or the respective preceding patch.
+
+If your log message (including your name on the
+Signed-off-by line) is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
+you send off a message in the correct encoding.
+
+WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
 corrupting your patch.  Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can
 lose tabs that way if you are not careful.
 
@@ -179,7 +186,11 @@ message starts, you can put a "From: " line to name that person.
 
 You often want to add additional explanation about the patch,
 other than the commit message itself.  Place such "cover letter"
-material between the three dash lines and the diffstat.
+material between the three-dash line and the diffstat.  For
+patches requiring multiple iterations of review and discussion,
+an explanation of changes between each iteration can be kept in
+Git-notes and inserted automatically following the three-dash
+line via `git format-patch --notes`.
 
 Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not.
 Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable.  Do not let
@@ -207,23 +218,29 @@ patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message
 that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'.  That is
 not a text/plain, it's something else.
 
-Unless your patch is a very trivial and an obviously correct one,
-first send it with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
+Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
 people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from
 "git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to
-identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.  After the list
-reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the patch, re-send
-it with "To:" set to the maintainer and optionally "cc:" the list for
-inclusion.  Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:",
-"Reviewed-by:" and "Tested-by:" after your "Signed-off-by:" line as
-necessary.
+identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.
+
+After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the
+patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the
+list [*2*] for inclusion.
+
+Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and
+"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your
+patch.
 
+    [Addresses]
+     *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com
+     *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org
 
-(4) Sign your work
+
+(5) Sign your work
 
 To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the
 "sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches
-that are being emailed around.  Although core GIT is a lot
+that are being emailed around.  Although core Git is a lot
 smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it.
 
 The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for
@@ -251,17 +268,17 @@ pretty simple: if you can certify the below:
             person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
             it.
 
-	(d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
-	    are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
-	    personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
-	    maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
-	    this project or the open source license(s) involved.
+        (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+            are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+            personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+            maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+            this project or the open source license(s) involved.
 
 then you just add a line saying
 
-	Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
+        Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
 
-This line can be automatically added by git if you run the git-commit
+This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit
 command with the -s option.
 
 Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when
@@ -290,6 +307,26 @@ You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage
 such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:".
 
 ------------------------------------------------
+Subsystems with dedicated maintainers
+
+Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+repositories.
+
+ - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:
+
+        git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
+
+ - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project:
+
+        git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk
+
+ - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin:
+
+	https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/
+
+Patches to these parts should be based on their trees.
+
+------------------------------------------------
 An ideal patch flow
 
 Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer
@@ -314,7 +351,7 @@ suggests to the contributors:
      spend their time to improve your patch.  Go back to step (2).
 
  (4) The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is
-     good.  Send it to the list and cc the maintainer.
+     good.  Send it to the maintainer and cc the list.
 
  (5) A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to 'next',
      and cooked further and eventually graduates to 'master'.
@@ -334,10 +371,51 @@ Know the status of your patch after submission
   tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
   master).
 
-* Read the git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
+* Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
   entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving
   the status of various proposed changes.
 
+--------------------------------------------------
+GitHub-Travis CI hints
+
+With an account at GitHub (you can get one for free to work on open
+source projects), you can use Travis CI to test your changes on Linux,
+Mac (and hopefully soon Windows).  You can find a successful example
+test build here: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/builds/120473209
+
+Follow these steps for the initial setup:
+
+ (1) Fork https://github.com/git/git to your GitHub account.
+     You can find detailed instructions how to fork here:
+     https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/
+
+ (2) Open the Travis CI website: https://travis-ci.org
+
+ (3) Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button.
+
+ (4) Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account.
+     You can find more information about the required permissions here:
+     https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes
+
+ (5) Open your Travis CI profile page: https://travis-ci.org/profile
+
+ (6) Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork.
+
+After the initial setup, Travis CI will run whenever you push new changes
+to your fork of Git on GitHub.  You can monitor the test state of all your
+branches here: https://travis-ci.org/<Your GitHub handle>/git/branches
+
+If a branch did not pass all test cases then it is marked with a red
+cross.  In that case you can click on the failing Travis CI job and
+scroll all the way down in the log.  Find the line "<-- Click here to see
+detailed test output!" and click on the triangle next to the log line
+number to expand the detailed test output.  Here is such a failing
+example: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/jobs/122676187
+
+Fix the problem and push your fix to your Git fork.  This will trigger
+a new Travis CI build to ensure all tests pass.
+
+
 ------------------------------------------------
 MUA specific hints
 
diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
index aea8627be0..2c16c536ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 # Note, {0} is the manpage section, while {target} is the command.
 #
-# Show GIT link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
+# Show Git link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
 # the command.
 
 [macros]
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ ifndef::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
 # v1.72 breaks with this because it replaces dots not in roff requests.
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
 &#10;.ft C&#10;
 endif::doctype-manpage[]
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
 # The following two small workarounds insert a simple paragraph after screen
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 |
 </literallayout><simpara></simpara>
 {title#}</example>
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ endif::backend-docbook[]
 endif::doctype-manpage[]
 
 ifdef::backend-xhtml11[]
+[attributes]
+git-relative-html-prefix=
 [linkgit-inlinemacro]
-<a href="{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a>
+<a href="{git-relative-html-prefix}{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a>
 endif::backend-xhtml11[]
diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
index d4a51da464..02cb6845cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
@@ -4,33 +4,20 @@
 
 --root::
 	Do not treat root commits as boundaries.  This can also be
-	controlled via the `blame.showroot` config option.
+	controlled via the `blame.showRoot` config option.
 
 --show-stats::
 	Include additional statistics at the end of blame output.
 
 -L <start>,<end>::
-	Annotate only the given line range.  <start> and <end> can take
-	one of these forms:
-
-	- number
-+
-If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
-absolute line number (lines count from 1).
-+
-
-- /regex/
+-L :<funcname>::
+	Annotate only the given line range. May be specified multiple times.
+	Overlapping ranges are allowed.
 +
-This form will use the first line matching the given
-POSIX regex.  If <end> is a regex, it will search
-starting at the line given by <start>.
-+
-
-- +offset or -offset
-+
-This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
-of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
+<start> and <end> are optional. ``-L <start>'' or ``-L <start>,'' spans from
+<start> to end of file. ``-L ,<end>'' spans from start of file to <end>.
 +
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
 
 -l::
 	Show long rev (Default: off).
@@ -76,13 +63,19 @@ of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
 	`-` to make the command read from the standard input).
 
 --date <format>::
-	The value is one of the following alternatives:
-	{relative,local,default,iso,rfc,short}. If --date is not
+	Specifies the format used to output dates. If --date is not
 	provided, the value of the blame.date config variable is
 	used. If the blame.date config variable is also not set, the
-	iso format is used. For more information, See the discussion
+	iso format is used. For supported values, see the discussion
 	of the --date option at linkgit:git-log[1].
 
+--[no-]progress::
+	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
+	by default when it is attached to a terminal. This flag
+	enables progress reporting even if not attached to a
+	terminal. Can't use `--progress` together with `--porcelain`
+	or `--incremental`.
+
 -M|<num>|::
 	Detect moved or copied lines within a file. When a commit
 	moves or copies a block of lines (e.g. the original file
@@ -95,7 +88,7 @@ of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
 	running extra passes of inspection.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. The default value is 20.
 
@@ -110,7 +103,7 @@ commit. The default value is 20.
 	looks for copies from other files in any commit.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 between files for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than one
 `-C` options given, the <num> argument of the last `-C` will
diff --git a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
index 828ec62554..87437f8a95 100755
--- a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
+++ b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ while (<STDIN>) {
 		push @menu, $1;
 	}
 	s/\(\@pxref{\[(URLS|REMOTES)\]}\)//;
+	s/\@anchor\{[^{}]*\}//g;
 	print TMP;
 }
 close TMP;
diff --git a/Documentation/cmd-list.perl b/Documentation/cmd-list.perl
index 04f99778d8..5aa73cfe45 100755
--- a/Documentation/cmd-list.perl
+++ b/Documentation/cmd-list.perl
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ sub format_one {
 	}
 }
 
+while (<>) {
+	last if /^### command list/;
+}
+
 my %cmds = ();
 for (sort <>) {
 	next if /^#/;
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 6e63b5938f..e208af118d 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 CONFIGURATION FILE
 ------------------
 
-The git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
-the git command's behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
+The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
+the Git commands' behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
 is used to store the configuration for that repository, and
 `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
 fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
 can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
 
-The configuration variables are used by both the git plumbing
+The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing
 and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein
 the fully qualified variable name of the variable itself is the last
 dot-separated segment and the section name is everything before the last
-dot. The variable names are case-insensitive and only alphanumeric
-characters are allowed. Some variables may appear multiple times.
+dot. The variable names are case-insensitive, allow only alphanumeric
+characters and `-`, and must start with an alphabetic character.  Some
+variables may appear multiple times; we say then that the variable is
+multivalued.
 
 Syntax
 ~~~~~~
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ blank lines are ignored.
 
 The file consists of sections and variables.  A section begins with
 the name of the section in square brackets and continues until the next
-section begins.  Section names are not case sensitive.  Only alphanumeric
+section begins.  Section names are case-insensitive.  Only alphanumeric
 characters, `-` and `.` are allowed in section names.  Each variable
 must belong to some section, which means that there must be a section
 header before the first setting of a variable.
@@ -39,8 +41,8 @@ in the section header, like in the example below:
 --------
 
 Subsection names are case sensitive and can contain any characters except
-newline (doublequote `"` and backslash have to be escaped as `\"` and `\\`,
-respectively).  Section headers cannot span multiple
+newline (doublequote `"` and backslash can be included by escaping them
+as `\"` and `\\`, respectively).  Section headers cannot span multiple
 lines.  Variables may belong directly to a section or to a given subsection.
 You can have `[section]` if you have `[section "subsection"]`, but you
 don't need to.
@@ -52,37 +54,43 @@ restrictions as section names.
 
 All the other lines (and the remainder of the line after the section
 header) are recognized as setting variables, in the form
-'name = value'.  If there is no equal sign on the line, the entire line
-is taken as 'name' and the variable is recognized as boolean "true".
-The variable names are case-insensitive and only alphanumeric
-characters and `-` are allowed.  There can be more than one value
-for a given variable; we say then that variable is multivalued.
-
-Leading and trailing whitespace in a variable value is discarded.
-Internal whitespace within a variable value is retained verbatim.
-
-The values following the equals sign in variable assign are all either
-a string, an integer, or a boolean.  Boolean values may be given as yes/no,
-1/0, true/false or on/off.  Case is not significant in boolean values, when
-converting value to the canonical form using '--bool' type specifier;
-'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false".
-
-String values may be entirely or partially enclosed in double quotes.
-You need to enclose variable values in double quotes if you want to
-preserve leading or trailing whitespace, or if the variable value contains
-comment characters (i.e. it contains '#' or ';').
-Double quote `"` and backslash `\` characters in variable values must
-be escaped: use `\"` for `"` and `\\` for `\`.
+'name = value' (or just 'name', which is a short-hand to say that
+the variable is the boolean "true").
+The variable names are case-insensitive, allow only alphanumeric characters
+and `-`, and must start with an alphabetic character.
+
+A line that defines a value can be continued to the next line by
+ending it with a `\`; the backquote and the end-of-line are
+stripped.  Leading whitespaces after 'name =', the remainder of the
+line after the first comment character '#' or ';', and trailing
+whitespaces of the line are discarded unless they are enclosed in
+double quotes.  Internal whitespaces within the value are retained
+verbatim.
+
+Inside double quotes, double quote `"` and backslash `\` characters
+must be escaped: use `\"` for `"` and `\\` for `\`.
 
 The following escape sequences (beside `\"` and `\\`) are recognized:
 `\n` for newline character (NL), `\t` for horizontal tabulation (HT, TAB)
-and `\b` for backspace (BS).  No other char escape sequence, nor octal
-char sequences are valid.
+and `\b` for backspace (BS).  Other char escape sequences (including octal
+escape sequences) are invalid.
 
-Variable values ending in a `\` are continued on the next line in the
-customary UNIX fashion.
 
-Some variables may require a special value format.
+Includes
+~~~~~~~~
+
+You can include one config file from another by setting the special
+`include.path` variable to the name of the file to be included. The
+variable takes a pathname as its value, and is subject to tilde
+expansion.
+
+The
+included file is expanded immediately, as if its contents had been
+found at the location of the include directive. If the value of the
+`include.path` variable is a relative path, the path is considered to be
+relative to the configuration file in which the include directive was
+found.  See below for examples.
+
 
 Example
 ~~~~~~~
@@ -106,13 +114,84 @@ Example
 		gitProxy="ssh" for "kernel.org"
 		gitProxy=default-proxy ; for the rest
 
+	[include]
+		path = /path/to/foo.inc ; include by absolute path
+		path = foo ; expand "foo" relative to the current file
+		path = ~/foo ; expand "foo" in your `$HOME` directory
+
+
+Values
+~~~~~~
+
+Values of many variables are treated as a simple string, but there
+are variables that take values of specific types and there are rules
+as to how to spell them.
+
+boolean::
+
+       When a variable is said to take a boolean value, many
+       synonyms are accepted for 'true' and 'false'; these are all
+       case-insensitive.
+
+       true;; Boolean true can be spelled as `yes`, `on`, `true`,
+		or `1`.  Also, a variable defined without `= <value>`
+		is taken as true.
+
+       false;; Boolean false can be spelled as `no`, `off`,
+		`false`, or `0`.
++
+When converting value to the canonical form using '--bool' type
+specifier; 'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or
+"false" (spelled in lowercase).
+
+integer::
+       The value for many variables that specify various sizes can
+       be suffixed with `k`, `M`,... to mean "scale the number by
+       1024", "by 1024x1024", etc.
+
+color::
+       The value for a variables that takes a color is a list of
+       colors (at most two) and attributes (at most one), separated
+       by spaces.  The colors accepted are `normal`, `black`,
+       `red`, `green`, `yellow`, `blue`, `magenta`, `cyan` and
+       `white`; the attributes are `bold`, `dim`, `ul`, `blink` and
+       `reverse`.  The first color given is the foreground; the
+       second is the background.  The position of the attribute, if
+       any, doesn't matter. Attributes may be turned off specifically
+       by prefixing them with `no` (e.g., `noreverse`, `noul`, etc).
++
+Colors (foreground and background) may also be given as numbers between
+0 and 255; these use ANSI 256-color mode (but note that not all
+terminals may support this).  If your terminal supports it, you may also
+specify 24-bit RGB values as hex, like `#ff0ab3`.
++
+The attributes are meant to be reset at the beginning of each item
+in the colored output, so setting color.decorate.branch to `black`
+will paint that branch name in a plain `black`, even if the previous
+thing on the same output line (e.g. opening parenthesis before the
+list of branch names in `log --decorate` output) is set to be
+painted with `bold` or some other attribute.
+
+pathname::
+	A variable that takes a pathname value can be given a
+	string that begins with "`~/`" or "`~user/`", and the usual
+	tilde expansion happens to such a string: `~/`
+	is expanded to the value of `$HOME`, and `~user/` to the
+	specified user's home directory.
+
+
 Variables
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
 Note that this list is non-comprehensive and not necessarily complete.
 For command-specific variables, you will find a more detailed description
-in the appropriate manual page. You will find a description of non-core
-porcelain configuration variables in the respective porcelain documentation.
+in the appropriate manual page.
+
+Other git-related tools may and do use their own variables.  When
+inventing new variables for use in your own tool, make sure their
+names do not conflict with those that are used by Git itself and
+other popular tools, and describe them in your documentation.
+
 
 advice.*::
 	These variables control various optional help messages designed to
@@ -120,18 +199,47 @@ advice.*::
 	can tell Git that you do not need help by setting these to 'false':
 +
 --
-	pushNonFastForward::
-		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] refuses
-		non-fast-forward refs.
+	pushUpdateRejected::
+		Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable
+		'pushNonFFCurrent',
+		'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists',
+		'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce'
+		simultaneously.
+	pushNonFFCurrent::
+		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a
+		non-fast-forward update to the current branch.
+	pushNonFFMatching::
+		Advice shown when you ran linkgit:git-push[1] and pushed
+		'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or
+		specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and
+		it resulted in a non-fast-forward error.
+	pushAlreadyExists::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		does not qualify for fast-forwarding (e.g., a tag.)
+	pushFetchFirst::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object we do not have.
+	pushNeedsForce::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object that is not a commit-ish, or make the remote
+		ref point at an object that is not a commit-ish.
 	statusHints::
-		Directions on how to stage/unstage/add shown in the
-		output of linkgit:git-status[1] and the template shown
-		when writing commit messages.
+		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
+		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in
+		the template shown when writing commit messages in
+		linkgit:git-commit[1], and in the help message shown
+		by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when switching branch.
+	statusUoption::
+		Advise to consider using the `-u` option to linkgit:git-status[1]
+		when the command takes more than 2 seconds to enumerate untracked
+		files.
 	commitBeforeMerge::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
 		merge to avoid overwriting local changes.
 	resolveConflict::
-		Advices shown by various commands when conflicts
+		Advice shown by various commands when conflicts
 		prevent the operation from being performed.
 	implicitIdentity::
 		Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
@@ -141,40 +249,74 @@ advice.*::
 		Advice shown when you used linkgit:git-checkout[1] to
 		move to the detach HEAD state, to instruct how to create
 		a local branch after the fact.
+	amWorkDir::
+		Advice that shows the location of the patch file when
+		linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it.
+	rmHints::
+		In case of failure in the output of linkgit:git-rm[1],
+		show directions on how to proceed from the current state.
 --
 
 core.fileMode::
-	If false, the executable bit differences between the index and
-	the working tree are ignored; useful on broken filesystems like FAT.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
+	Tells Git if the executable bit of files in the working tree
+	is to be honored.
 +
-The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
-will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the
-repository is created.
-
-core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks::
-	This option is only used by Cygwin implementation of Git. If false,
-	the Cygwin stat() and lstat() functions are used. This may be useful
-	if your repository consists of a few separate directories joined in
-	one hierarchy using Cygwin mount. If true, Git uses native Win32 API
-	whenever it is possible and falls back to Cygwin functions only to
-	handle symbol links. The native mode is more than twice faster than
-	normal Cygwin l/stat() functions. True by default, unless core.filemode
-	is true, in which case ignoreCygwinFSTricks is ignored as Cygwin's
-	POSIX emulation is required to support core.filemode.
-
-core.ignorecase::
+Some filesystems lose the executable bit when a file that is
+marked as executable is checked out, or checks out an
+non-executable file with executable bit on.
+linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] probe the filesystem
+to see if it handles the executable bit correctly
+and this variable is automatically set as necessary.
++
+A repository, however, may be on a filesystem that handles
+the filemode correctly, and this variable is set to 'true'
+when created, but later may be made accessible from another
+environment that loses the filemode (e.g. exporting ext4 via
+CIFS mount, visiting a Cygwin created repository with
+Git for Windows or Eclipse).
+In such a case it may be necessary to set this variable to 'false'.
+See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
++
+The default is true (when core.filemode is not specified in the config file).
+
+core.hideDotFiles::
+	(Windows-only) If true, mark newly-created directories and files whose
+	name starts with a dot as hidden.  If 'dotGitOnly', only the `.git/`
+	directory is hidden, but no other files starting with a dot.  The
+	default mode is 'dotGitOnly'.
+
+core.ignoreCase::
 	If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable
-	git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
+	Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
 	like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds
-	"makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume
+	"makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume
 	it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
 	"Makefile".
 +
 The default is false, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
-will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository
+will probe and set core.ignoreCase true if appropriate when the repository
 is created.
 
+core.precomposeUnicode::
+	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git.
+	When core.precomposeUnicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition
+	of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository
+	between Mac OS and Linux or Windows.
+	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7).
+	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git,
+	which is backward compatible with older versions of Git.
+
+core.protectHFS::
+	If set to true, do not allow checkout of paths that would
+	be considered equivalent to `.git` on an HFS+ filesystem.
+	Defaults to `true` on Mac OS, and `false` elsewhere.
+
+core.protectNTFS::
+	If set to true, do not allow checkout of paths that would
+	cause problems with the NTFS filesystem, e.g. conflict with
+	8.3 "short" names.
+	Defaults to `true` on Windows, and `false` elsewhere.
+
 core.trustctime::
 	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
 	working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time
@@ -182,7 +324,22 @@ core.trustctime::
 	crawlers and some backup systems).
 	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
 
-core.quotepath::
+core.untrackedCache::
+	Determines what to do about the untracked cache feature of the
+	index. It will be kept, if this variable is unset or set to
+	`keep`. It will automatically be added if set to `true`. And
+	it will automatically be removed, if set to `false`. Before
+	setting it to `true`, you should check that mtime is working
+	properly on your system.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. `keep` by default.
+
+core.checkStat::
+	Determines which stat fields to match between the index
+	and work tree. The user can set this to 'default' or
+	'minimal'. Default (or explicitly 'default'), is to check
+	all fields, including the sub-second part of mtime and ctime.
+
+core.quotePath::
 	The commands that output paths (e.g. 'ls-files',
 	'diff'), when not given the `-z` option, will quote
 	"unusual" characters in the pathname by enclosing the
@@ -196,27 +353,27 @@ core.quotepath::
 
 core.eol::
 	Sets the line ending type to use in the working directory for
-	files that have the `text` property set.  Alternatives are
-	'lf', 'crlf' and 'native', which uses the platform's native
-	line ending.  The default value is `native`.  See
+	files that have the `text` property set when core.autocrlf is false.
+	Alternatives are 'lf', 'crlf' and 'native', which uses the platform's
+	native line ending.  The default value is `native`.  See
 	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for more information on end-of-line
 	conversion.
 
 core.safecrlf::
-	If true, makes git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
+	If true, makes Git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
 	end-of-line conversion is active.  Git will verify if a command
 	modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly.
 	For example, committing a file followed by checking out the
 	same file should yield the original file in the work tree.  If
 	this is not the case for the current setting of
-	`core.autocrlf`, git will reject the file.  The variable can
-	be set to "warn", in which case git will only warn about an
+	`core.autocrlf`, Git will reject the file.  The variable can
+	be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an
 	irreversible conversion but continue the operation.
 +
 CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
-When it is enabled, git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
+When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
 CRLF during checkout.  A file that contains a mixture of LF and
-CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git.  For text
+CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git.  For text
 files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
 such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
 But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
@@ -226,7 +383,7 @@ If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
 setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes.  Right
 after committing you still have the original file in your work
 tree and this file is not yet corrupted.  You can explicitly tell
-git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
+Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file
 appropriately.
 +
 Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
@@ -271,13 +428,13 @@ is created.
 core.gitProxy::
 	A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
 	of establishing direct connection to the remote server when
-	using the git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
+	using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
 	in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only
 	on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable
 	may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order;
 	the first match wins.
 +
-Can be overridden by the 'GIT_PROXY_COMMAND' environment variable
+Can be overridden by the `GIT_PROXY_COMMAND` environment variable
 (which always applies universally, without the special "for"
 handling).
 +
@@ -287,14 +444,19 @@ This is useful for excluding servers inside a firewall from
 proxy use, while defaulting to a common proxy for external domains.
 
 core.ignoreStat::
-	If true, commands which modify both the working tree and the index
-	will mark the updated paths with the "assume unchanged" bit in the
-	index. These marked files are then assumed to stay unchanged in the
-	working tree, until you mark them otherwise manually - Git will not
-	detect the file changes	by lstat() calls. This is useful on systems
-	where those are very slow, such as Microsoft Windows.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
-	False by default.
+	If true, Git will avoid using lstat() calls to detect if files have
+	changed by setting the "assume-unchanged" bit for those tracked files
+	which it has updated identically in both the index and working tree.
++
+When files are modified outside of Git, the user will need to stage
+the modified files explicitly (e.g. see 'Examples' section in
+linkgit:git-update-index[1]).
+Git will not normally detect changes to those files.
++
+This is useful on systems where lstat() calls are very slow, such as
+CIFS/Microsoft Windows.
++
+False by default.
 
 core.preferSymlinkRefs::
 	Instead of the default "symref" format for HEAD
@@ -316,8 +478,10 @@ false), while all other repositories are assumed to be bare (bare
 
 core.worktree::
 	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
-	This can be overridden by the GIT_WORK_TREE environment
-	variable and the '--work-tree' command line option.
+	If `GIT_COMMON_DIR` environment variable is set, core.worktree
+	is ignored and not used for determining the root of working tree.
+	This can be overridden by the `GIT_WORK_TREE` environment
+	variable and the '--work-tree' command-line option.
 	The value can be an absolute path or relative to the path to
 	the .git directory, which is either specified by --git-dir
 	or GIT_DIR, or automatically discovered.
@@ -330,7 +494,7 @@ Note that this variable is honored even when set in a configuration
 file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs
 from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
 core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
-misconfiguration.  Running git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
+misconfiguration.  Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
 still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
 confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a
 read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the
@@ -338,10 +502,10 @@ repository's usual working tree).
 
 core.logAllRefUpdates::
 	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
-	"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>", by appending the new and old
-	SHA1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
+	"`$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>`", by appending the new and old
+	SHA-1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
 	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
-	variable is set to true, missing "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>"
+	variable is set to true, missing "`$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>`"
 	file is automatically created for branch heads (i.e. under
 	refs/heads/), remote refs (i.e. under refs/remotes/),
 	note refs (i.e. under refs/notes/), and the symbolic ref HEAD.
@@ -362,7 +526,7 @@ core.sharedRepository::
 	several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are
 	group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the
 	repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being
-	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), git will use permissions
+	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), Git will use permissions
 	reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number,
 	files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override
 	user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override
@@ -373,17 +537,17 @@ core.sharedRepository::
 	See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default.
 
 core.warnAmbiguousRefs::
-	If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
-	and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default.
+	If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
+	and might match multiple refs in the repository. True by default.
 
 core.compression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
 	-1 is the zlib default. 0 means no compression,
 	and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being slowest.
 	If set, this provides a default to other compression variables,
-	such as 'core.loosecompression' and 'pack.compression'.
+	such as `core.looseCompression` and `pack.compression`.
 
-core.loosecompression::
+core.looseCompression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects that
 	are not in a pack file. -1 is the zlib default. 0 means no
 	compression, and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being
@@ -425,7 +589,7 @@ core.deltaBaseCacheLimit::
 	to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base
 	objects multiple times.
 +
-Default is 16 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
+Default is 96 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
 for all users/operating systems, except on the largest projects.
 You probably do not need to adjust this value.
 +
@@ -435,7 +599,8 @@ core.bigFileThreshold::
 	Files larger than this size are stored deflated, without
 	attempting delta compression.  Storing large files without
 	delta compression avoids excessive memory usage, at the
-	slight expense of increased disk usage.
+	slight expense of increased disk usage. Additionally files
+	larger than this size are always treated as binary.
 +
 Default is 512 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
 for most projects as source code and other text files can still
@@ -443,27 +608,47 @@ be delta compressed, but larger binary media files won't be.
 +
 Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
 
-core.excludesfile::
-	In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns
-	of files which are not meant to be tracked.  "{tilde}/" is expanded
-	to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the specified user's
-	home directory.  See linkgit:gitignore[5].
+core.excludesFile::
+	Specifies the pathname to the file that contains patterns to
+	describe paths that are not meant to be tracked, in addition
+	to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and '.git/info/exclude'.
+	Defaults to `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore`.
+	If `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` is either not set or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/ignore`
+	is used instead. See linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
-core.askpass::
+core.askPass::
 	Some commands (e.g. svn and http interfaces) that interactively
 	ask for a password can be told to use an external program given
-	via the value of this variable. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_ASKPASS'
+	via the value of this variable. Can be overridden by the `GIT_ASKPASS`
 	environment variable. If not set, fall back to the value of the
-	'SSH_ASKPASS' environment variable or, failing that, a simple password
+	`SSH_ASKPASS` environment variable or, failing that, a simple password
 	prompt. The external program shall be given a suitable prompt as
-	command line argument and write the password on its STDOUT.
+	command-line argument and write the password on its STDOUT.
 
-core.attributesfile::
+core.attributesFile::
 	In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes
+	'.git/info/attributes', Git looks into this file for attributes
 	(see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same
-	way as for `core.excludesfile`.
+	way as for `core.excludesFile`. Its default value is
+	`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes`. If `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` is either not
+	set or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/attributes` is used instead.
+
+core.hooksPath::
+	By default Git will look for your hooks in the
+	'$GIT_DIR/hooks' directory. Set this to different path,
+	e.g. '/etc/git/hooks', and Git will try to find your hooks in
+	that directory, e.g. '/etc/git/hooks/pre-receive' instead of
+	in '$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive'.
++
+The path can be either absolute or relative. A relative path is
+taken as relative to the directory where the hooks are run (see
+the "DESCRIPTION" section of linkgit:githooks[5]).
++
+This configuration variable is useful in cases where you'd like to
+centrally configure your Git hooks instead of configuring them on a
+per-repository basis, or as a more flexible and centralized
+alternative to having an `init.templateDir` where you've changed
+default hooks.
 
 core.editor::
 	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
@@ -471,29 +656,51 @@ core.editor::
 	variable when it is set, and the environment variable
 	`GIT_EDITOR` is not set.  See linkgit:git-var[1].
 
+core.commentChar::
+	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
+	messages consider a line that begins with this character
+	commented, and removes them after the editor returns
+	(default '#').
++
+If set to "auto", `git-commit` would select a character that is not
+the beginning character of any line in existing commit messages.
+
+core.packedRefsTimeout::
+	The length of time, in milliseconds, to retry when trying to
+	lock the `packed-refs` file. Value 0 means not to retry at
+	all; -1 means to try indefinitely. Default is 1000 (i.e.,
+	retry for 1 second).
+
 sequence.editor::
-	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase insn file.
+	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file.
 	The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used.
 	It can be overridden by the `GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR` environment variable.
 	When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead.
 
 core.pager::
-	The command that git will use to paginate output.  Can
-	be overridden with the `GIT_PAGER` environment
-	variable.  Note that git sets the `LESS` environment
-	variable to `FRSX` if it is unset when it runs the
-	pager.  One can change these settings by setting the
-	`LESS` variable to some other value.  Alternately,
-	these settings can be overridden on a project or
-	global basis by setting the `core.pager` option.
-	Setting `core.pager` has no affect on the `LESS`
-	environment variable behaviour above, so if you want
-	to override git's default settings this way, you need
-	to be explicit.  For example, to disable the S option
-	in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager`
-	to `less -+$LESS -FRX`.  This will be passed to the
-	shell by git, which will translate the final command to
-	`LESS=FRSX less -+FRSX -FRX`.
+	Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+	is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
+	is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
+	configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
+	compile time (usually 'less').
++
+When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRX`
+(if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at
+all).  If you want to selectively override Git's default setting
+for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -S`.  This will
+be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final
+command to `LESS=FRX less -S`. The environment does not set the
+`S` option but the command line does, instructing less to truncate
+long lines. Similarly, setting `core.pager` to `less -+F` will
+deactivate the `F` option specified by the environment from the
+command-line, deactivating the "quit if one screen" behavior of
+`less`.  One can specifically activate some flags for particular
+commands: for example, setting `pager.blame` to `less -S` enables
+line truncation only for `git blame`.
++
+Likewise, when the `LV` environment variable is unset, Git sets it
+to `-c`.  You can override this setting by exporting `LV` with
+another value or setting `core.pager` to `lv +c`.
 
 core.whitespace::
 	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
@@ -507,8 +714,9 @@ core.whitespace::
 * `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately
   before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an
   error (enabled by default).
-* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with 8 or more
-  space characters as an error (not enabled by default).
+* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with space
+  characters instead of the equivalent tabs as an error (not enabled by
+  default).
 * `tab-in-indent` treats a tab character in the initial indent part of
   the line as an error (not enabled by default).
 * `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error
@@ -520,10 +728,10 @@ core.whitespace::
   does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
   is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
 * `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this
-  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when git fixes `tab-in-indent`
+  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when Git fixes `tab-in-indent`
   errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
 
-core.fsyncobjectfiles::
+core.fsyncObjectFiles::
 	This boolean will enable 'fsync()' when writing object files.
 +
 This is a total waste of time and effort on a filesystem that orders
@@ -531,14 +739,14 @@ data writes properly, but can be useful for filesystems that do not use
 journalling (traditional UNIX filesystems) or that only journal metadata
 and not file contents (OS X's HFS+, or Linux ext3 with "data=writeback").
 
-core.preloadindex::
+core.preloadIndex::
 	Enable parallel index preload for operations like 'git diff'
 +
 This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially
 on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus
-relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', git will do the
+relatively high IO latencies.  When enabled, Git will do the
 index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing
-overlapping IO's.
+overlapping IO's.  Defaults to true.
 
 core.createObject::
 	You can set this to 'link', in which case a hardlink followed by
@@ -556,7 +764,7 @@ core.notesRef::
 	notes should be printed.
 +
 This setting defaults to "refs/notes/commits", and it can be overridden by
-the 'GIT_NOTES_REF' environment variable.  See linkgit:git-notes[1].
+the `GIT_NOTES_REF` environment variable.  See linkgit:git-notes[1].
 
 core.sparseCheckout::
 	Enable "sparse checkout" feature. See section "Sparse checkout" in
@@ -568,23 +776,22 @@ core.abbrev::
 	for abbreviated object names to stay unique for sufficiently long
 	time.
 
-add.ignore-errors::
 add.ignoreErrors::
+add.ignore-errors (deprecated)::
 	Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
 	added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the '--ignore-errors'
-	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  Older versions of git accept only
-	`add.ignore-errors`, which does not follow the usual naming
-	convention for configuration variables.  Newer versions of git
-	honor `add.ignoreErrors` as well.
+	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  `add.ignore-errors` is deprecated,
+	as it does not follow the usual naming convention for configuration
+	variables.
 
 alias.*::
 	Command aliases for the linkgit:git[1] command wrapper - e.g.
 	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
 	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
 	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
-	hide existing git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
+	hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
 	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
-	quote pair and a backslash can be used to quote them.
+	A quote pair or a backslash can be used to quote them.
 +
 If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point,
 it will be treated as a shell command.  For example, defining
@@ -593,7 +800,7 @@ it will be treated as a shell command.  For example, defining
 "gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD".  Note that shell commands will be
 executed from the top-level directory of a repository, which may
 not necessarily be the current directory.
-'GIT_PREFIX' is set as returned by running 'git rev-parse --show-prefix'
+`GIT_PREFIX` is set as returned by running 'git rev-parse --show-prefix'
 from the original current directory. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
 
 am.keepcr::
@@ -603,7 +810,15 @@ am.keepcr::
 	by giving '--no-keep-cr' from the command line.
 	See linkgit:git-am[1], linkgit:git-mailsplit[1].
 
-apply.ignorewhitespace::
+am.threeWay::
+	By default, `git am` will fail if the patch does not apply cleanly. When
+	set to true, this setting tells `git am` to fall back on 3-way merge if
+	the patch records the identity of blobs it is supposed to apply to and
+	we have those blobs available locally (equivalent to giving the `--3way`
+	option from the command line). Defaults to `false`.
+	See linkgit:git-am[1].
+
+apply.ignoreWhitespace::
 	When set to 'change', tells 'git apply' to ignore changes in
 	whitespace, in the same way as the '--ignore-space-change'
 	option.
@@ -615,7 +830,7 @@ apply.whitespace::
 	Tells 'git apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
 	as the '--whitespace' option. See linkgit:git-apply[1].
 
-branch.autosetupmerge::
+branch.autoSetupMerge::
 	Tells 'git branch' and 'git checkout' to set up new branches
 	so that linkgit:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from the
 	starting point branch. Note that even if this option is not set,
@@ -627,9 +842,9 @@ branch.autosetupmerge::
 	local branch or remote-tracking
 	branch. This option defaults to true.
 
-branch.autosetuprebase::
+branch.autoSetupRebase::
 	When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
-	that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set
+	that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set
 	up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
 	When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
 	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
@@ -638,14 +853,29 @@ branch.autosetuprebase::
 	remote-tracking branches.
 	When `always`, rebase will be set to true for all tracking
 	branches.
-	See "branch.autosetupmerge" for details on how to set up a
+	See "branch.autoSetupMerge" for details on how to set up a
 	branch to track another branch.
 	This option defaults to never.
 
 branch.<name>.remote::
-	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push' which
-	remote to fetch from/push to.  It defaults to `origin` if no remote is
-	configured. `origin` is also used if you are not on any branch.
+	When on branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push'
+	which remote to fetch from/push to.  The remote to push to
+	may be overridden with `remote.pushDefault` (for all branches).
+	The remote to push to, for the current branch, may be further
+	overridden by `branch.<name>.pushRemote`.  If no remote is
+	configured, or if you are not on any branch, it defaults to
+	`origin` for fetching and `remote.pushDefault` for pushing.
+	Additionally, `.` (a period) is the current local repository
+	(a dot-repository), see `branch.<name>.merge`'s final note below.
+
+branch.<name>.pushRemote::
+	When on branch <name>, it overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for
+	pushing.  It also overrides `remote.pushDefault` for pushing
+	from branch <name>.  When you pull from one place (e.g. your
+	upstream) and push to another place (e.g. your own publishing
+	repository), you would want to set `remote.pushDefault` to
+	specify the remote to push to for all branches, and use this
+	option to override it for a specific branch.
 
 branch.<name>.merge::
 	Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
@@ -662,10 +892,10 @@ branch.<name>.merge::
 	Specify multiple values to get an octopus merge.
 	If you wish to setup 'git pull' so that it merges into <name> from
 	another branch in the local repository, you can point
-	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the special setting
-	`.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
+	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the relative path
+	setting `.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
 
-branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
+branch.<name>.mergeOptions::
 	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
 	supported options are the same as those of linkgit:git-merge[1], but
 	option values containing whitespace characters are currently not
@@ -677,10 +907,22 @@ branch.<name>.rebase::
 	"git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non
 	branch-specific manner.
 +
+When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+by running 'git pull'.
++
+When the value is `interactive`, the rebase is run in interactive mode.
++
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
 
+branch.<name>.description::
+	Branch description, can be edited with
+	`git branch --edit-description`. Branch description is
+	automatically added in the format-patch cover letter or
+	request-pull summary.
+
 browser.<tool>.cmd::
 	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
 	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
@@ -692,8 +934,8 @@ browser.<tool>.path::
 	working repository in gitweb (see linkgit:git-instaweb[1]).
 
 clean.requireForce::
-	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f
-	or -n.   Defaults to true.
+	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f,
+	-i or -n.   Defaults to true.
 
 color.branch::
 	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
@@ -704,16 +946,9 @@ color.branch::
 color.branch.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
 	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
-	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/), `plain` (other
+	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/),
+	`upstream` (upstream tracking branch), `plain` (other
 	refs).
-+
-The value for these configuration variables is a list of colors (at most
-two) and attributes (at most one), separated by spaces.  The colors
-accepted are `normal`, `black`, `red`, `green`, `yellow`, `blue`,
-`magenta`, `cyan` and `white`; the attributes are `bold`, `dim`, `ul`,
-`blink` and `reverse`.  The first color given is the foreground; the
-second is the background.  The position of the attribute, if any,
-doesn't matter.
 
 color.diff::
 	Whether to use ANSI escape sequences to add color to patches.
@@ -723,18 +958,18 @@ color.diff::
 	commands will only use color when output is to the terminal.
 	Defaults to false.
 +
-This does not affect linkgit:git-format-patch[1] nor the
+This does not affect linkgit:git-format-patch[1] or the
 'git-diff-{asterisk}' plumbing commands.  Can be overridden on the
 command line with the `--color[=<when>]` option.
 
 color.diff.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for diff colorization.  `<slot>` specifies
 	which part of the patch to use the specified color, and is one
-	of `plain` (context text), `meta` (metainformation), `frag`
+	of `context` (context text - `plain` is a historical synonym),
+	`meta` (metainformation), `frag`
 	(hunk header), 'func' (function in hunk header), `old` (removed lines),
 	`new` (added lines), `commit` (commit headers), or `whitespace`
-	(highlighting whitespace errors). The values of these variables may be
-	specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
+	(highlighting whitespace errors).
 
 color.decorate.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for 'git log --decorate' output.  `<slot>` is one
@@ -760,34 +995,36 @@ color.grep.<slot>::
 `linenumber`;;
 	line number prefix (when using `-n`)
 `match`;;
-	matching text
+	matching text (same as setting `matchContext` and `matchSelected`)
+`matchContext`;;
+	matching text in context lines
+`matchSelected`;;
+	matching text in selected lines
 `selected`;;
 	non-matching text in selected lines
 `separator`;;
 	separators between fields on a line (`:`, `-`, and `=`)
 	and between hunks (`--`)
 --
-+
-The values of these variables may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
 
 color.interactive::
 	When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts
-	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive").
-	When false (or `never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use
-	colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false.
+	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive" and
+	"git-clean --interactive"). When false (or `never`), never.
+	When set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is
+	to the terminal. Defaults to false.
 
 color.interactive.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive'
-	output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` or `error`, for
-	four distinct types of normal output from interactive
-	commands.  The values of these variables may be specified as
-	in color.branch.<slot>.
+	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' and 'git clean
+	--interactive' output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help`
+	or `error`, for four distinct types of normal output from
+	interactive commands.
 
 color.pager::
 	A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in
 	use (default is true).
 
-color.showbranch::
+color.showBranch::
 	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
 	linkgit:git-show-branch[1]. May be set to `always`,
 	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
@@ -804,22 +1041,96 @@ color.status.<slot>::
 	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
 	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
 	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
-	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by git),
-	`branch` (the current branch), or
+	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by Git),
+	`branch` (the current branch),
 	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
-	to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in
-	color.branch.<slot>.
+	to red), or
+	`unmerged` (files which have unmerged changes).
 
 color.ui::
 	This variable determines the default value for variables such
 	as `color.diff` and `color.grep` that control the use of color
 	per command family. Its scope will expand as more commands learn
 	configuration to set a default for the `--color` option.  Set it
-	to `always` if you want all output not intended for machine
-	consumption to use color, to `true` or `auto` if you want such
-	output to use color when written to the terminal, or to `false` or
-	`never` if you prefer git commands not to use color unless enabled
-	explicitly with some other configuration or the `--color` option.
+	to `false` or `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use
+	color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration
+	or the `--color` option. Set it to `always` if you want all
+	output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to
+	`true` or `auto` (this is the default since Git 1.8.4) if you
+	want such output to use color when written to the terminal.
+
+column.ui::
+	Specify whether supported commands should output in columns.
+	This variable consists of a list of tokens separated by spaces
+	or commas:
++
+These options control when the feature should be enabled
+(defaults to 'never'):
++
+--
+`always`;;
+	always show in columns
+`never`;;
+	never show in columns
+`auto`;;
+	show in columns if the output is to the terminal
+--
++
+These options control layout (defaults to 'column').  Setting any
+of these implies 'always' if none of 'always', 'never', or 'auto' are
+specified.
++
+--
+`column`;;
+	fill columns before rows
+`row`;;
+	fill rows before columns
+`plain`;;
+	show in one column
+--
++
+Finally, these options can be combined with a layout option (defaults
+to 'nodense'):
++
+--
+`dense`;;
+	make unequal size columns to utilize more space
+`nodense`;;
+	make equal size columns
+--
+
+column.branch::
+	Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.clean::
+	Specify the layout when list items in `git clean -i`, which always
+	shows files and directories in columns. See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.status::
+	Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.tag::
+	Specify whether to output tag listing in `git tag` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
+
+commit.cleanup::
+	This setting overrides the default of the `--cleanup` option in
+	`git commit`. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for details. Changing the
+	default can be useful when you always want to keep lines that begin
+	with comment character `#` in your log message, in which case you
+	would do `git config commit.cleanup whitespace` (note that you will
+	have to remove the help lines that begin with `#` in the commit log
+	template yourself, if you do this).
+
+commit.gpgSign::
+
+	A boolean to specify whether all commits should be GPG signed.
+	Use of this option when doing operations such as rebase can
+	result in a large number of commits being signed. It may be
+	convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your GPG passphrase
+	several times.
 
 commit.status::
 	A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
@@ -827,15 +1138,19 @@ commit.status::
 	message.  Defaults to true.
 
 commit.template::
-	Specify a file to use as the template for new commit messages.
-	"{tilde}/" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the
-	specified user's home directory.
+	Specify the pathname of a file to use as the template for
+	new commit messages.
+
+commit.verbose::
+	A boolean or int to specify the level of verbose with `git commit`.
+	See linkgit:git-commit[1].
 
 credential.helper::
 	Specify an external helper to be called when a username or
 	password credential is needed; the helper may consult external
-	storage to avoid prompting the user for the credentials. See
-	linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for details.
+	storage to avoid prompting the user for the credentials. Note
+	that multiple helpers may be defined. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+	for details.
 
 credential.useHttpPath::
 	When acquiring credentials, consider the "path" component of an http
@@ -854,6 +1169,9 @@ credential.<url>.*::
 	example.com. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for details on how URLs are
 	matched.
 
+credentialCache.ignoreSIGHUP::
+	Tell git-credential-cache--daemon to ignore SIGHUP, instead of quitting.
+
 include::diff-config.txt[]
 
 difftool.<tool>.path::
@@ -871,11 +1189,14 @@ difftool.<tool>.cmd::
 difftool.prompt::
 	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
 
-diff.wordRegex::
-	A POSIX Extended Regular Expression used to determine what is a "word"
-	when performing word-by-word difference calculations.  Character
-	sequences that match the regular expression are "words", all other
-	characters are *ignorable* whitespace.
+fastimport.unpackLimit::
+	If the number of objects imported by linkgit:git-fast-import[1]
+	is below this limit, then the objects will be unpacked into
+	loose object files.  However if the number of imported objects
+	equals or exceeds this limit then the pack will be stored as a
+	pack.  Storing the pack from a fast-import can make the import
+	operation complete faster, especially on slow filesystems.  If
+	not set, the value of `transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
 
 fetch.recurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be either set to a boolean value or to 'on-demand'.
@@ -894,7 +1215,7 @@ fetch.fsckObjects::
 	is used instead.
 
 fetch.unpackLimit::
-	If the number of objects fetched over the git native
+	If the number of objects fetched over the Git native
 	transfer is below this
 	limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
 	files. However if the number of received objects equals or
@@ -904,6 +1225,10 @@ fetch.unpackLimit::
 	especially on slow filesystems.  If not set, the value of
 	`transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
 
+fetch.prune::
+	If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the `--prune`
+	option was given on the command line.  See also `remote.<name>.prune`.
+
 format.attach::
 	Enable multipart/mixed attachments as the default for
 	'format-patch'.  The value can also be a double quoted string
@@ -928,16 +1253,20 @@ format.cc::
 	by mail.  See the --to and --cc options in
 	linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
 
-format.subjectprefix::
+format.subjectPrefix::
 	The default for format-patch is to output files with the '[PATCH]'
 	subject prefix. Use this variable to change that prefix.
 
 format.signature::
 	The default for format-patch is to output a signature containing
-	the git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
+	the Git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
 	Set this variable to the empty string ("") to suppress
 	signature generation.
 
+format.signatureFile::
+	Works just like format.signature except the contents of the
+	file specified by this variable will be used as the signature.
+
 format.suffix::
 	The default for format-patch is to output files with the suffix
 	`.patch`. Use this variable to change that suffix (make sure to
@@ -953,17 +1282,30 @@ format.thread::
 	a boolean value, or `shallow` or `deep`.  `shallow` threading
 	makes every mail a reply to the head of the series,
 	where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
-	`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.
+	`--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.
 	`deep` threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
 	A true boolean value is the same as `shallow`, and a false
 	value disables threading.
 
-format.signoff::
-    A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
-    format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
-    patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
-    the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
-    Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+format.signOff::
+	A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
+	format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
+	patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
+	the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
+	Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+
+format.coverLetter::
+	A boolean that controls whether to generate a cover-letter when
+	format-patch is invoked, but in addition can be set to "auto", to
+	generate a cover-letter only when there's more than one patch.
+
+format.outputDirectory::
+	Set a custom directory to store the resulting files instead of the
+	current working directory.
+
+format.useAutoBase::
+	A boolean value which lets you enable the `--base=auto` option of
+	format-patch by default.
 
 filter.<driver>.clean::
 	The command which is used to convert the content of a worktree
@@ -975,6 +1317,30 @@ filter.<driver>.smudge::
 	object to a worktree file upon checkout.  See
 	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
+fsck.<msg-id>::
+	Allows overriding the message type (error, warn or ignore) of a
+	specific message ID such as `missingEmail`.
++
+For convenience, fsck prefixes the error/warning with the message ID,
+e.g.  "missingEmail: invalid author/committer line - missing email" means
+that setting `fsck.missingEmail = ignore` will hide that issue.
++
+This feature is intended to support working with legacy repositories
+which cannot be repaired without disruptive changes.
+
+fsck.skipList::
+	The path to a sorted list of object names (i.e. one SHA-1 per
+	line) that are known to be broken in a non-fatal way and should
+	be ignored. This feature is useful when an established project
+	should be accepted despite early commits containing errors that
+	can be safely ignored such as invalid committer email addresses.
+	Note: corrupt objects cannot be skipped with this setting.
+
+gc.aggressiveDepth::
+	The depth parameter used in the delta compression
+	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
+	to 250.
+
 gc.aggressiveWindow::
 	The window size parameter used in the delta compression
 	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
@@ -987,13 +1353,17 @@ gc.auto::
 	light-weight garbage collection from time to time.  The
 	default value is 6700.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
 
-gc.autopacklimit::
+gc.autoPackLimit::
 	When there are more than this many packs that are not
 	marked with `*.keep` file in the repository, `git gc
 	--auto` consolidates them into one larger pack.  The
 	default	value is 50.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
 
-gc.packrefs::
+gc.autoDetach::
+	Make `git gc --auto` return immediately and run in background
+	if the system supports it. Default is true.
+
+gc.packRefs::
 	Running `git pack-refs` in a repository renders it
 	unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb
 	transports such as HTTP.  This variable determines whether
@@ -1001,38 +1371,51 @@ gc.packrefs::
 	to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a
 	boolean value.  The default is `true`.
 
-gc.pruneexpire::
+gc.pruneExpire::
 	When 'git gc' is run, it will call 'prune --expire 2.weeks.ago'.
 	Override the grace period with this config variable.  The value
-	"now" may be used to disable this  grace period and always prune
-	unreachable objects immediately.
-
-gc.reflogexpire::
-gc.<pattern>.reflogexpire::
+	"now" may be used to disable this grace period and always prune
+	unreachable objects immediately, or "never" may be used to
+	suppress pruning.
+
+gc.worktreePruneExpire::
+	When 'git gc' is run, it calls
+	'git worktree prune --expire 3.months.ago'.
+	This config variable can be used to set a different grace
+	period. The value "now" may be used to disable the grace
+	period and prune `$GIT_DIR/worktrees` immediately, or "never"
+	may be used to suppress pruning.
+
+gc.reflogExpire::
+gc.<pattern>.reflogExpire::
 	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
-	this time; defaults to 90 days.  With "<pattern>" (e.g.
+	this time; defaults to 90 days. The value "now" expires all
+	entries immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration
+	altogether. With "<pattern>" (e.g.
 	"refs/stash") in the middle the setting applies only to
 	the refs that match the <pattern>.
 
-gc.reflogexpireunreachable::
-gc.<ref>.reflogexpireunreachable::
+gc.reflogExpireUnreachable::
+gc.<pattern>.reflogExpireUnreachable::
 	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
 	this time and are not reachable from the current tip;
-	defaults to 30 days.  With "<pattern>" (e.g. "refs/stash")
+	defaults to 30 days. The value "now" expires all entries
+	immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration altogether.
+	With "<pattern>" (e.g. "refs/stash")
 	in the middle, the setting applies only to the refs that
 	match the <pattern>.
 
-gc.rerereresolved::
+gc.rerereResolved::
 	Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
 	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
 	The default is 60 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
 
-gc.rerereunresolved::
+gc.rerereUnresolved::
 	Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
 	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
 	The default is 15 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
 
-gitcvs.commitmsgannotation::
+gitcvs.commitMsgAnnotation::
 	Append this string to each commit message. Set to empty string
 	to disable this feature. Defaults to "via git-CVS emulator".
 
@@ -1040,51 +1423,51 @@ gitcvs.enabled::
 	Whether the CVS server interface is enabled for this repository.
 	See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
 
-gitcvs.logfile::
+gitcvs.logFile::
 	Path to a log file where the CVS server interface well... logs
 	various stuff. See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
 
 gitcvs.usecrlfattr::
 	If true, the server will look up the end-of-line conversion
 	attributes for files to determine the '-k' modes to use. If
-	the attributes force git to treat a file as text,
+	the attributes force Git to treat a file as text,
 	the '-k' mode will be left blank so CVS clients will
 	treat it as text. If they suppress text conversion, the file
 	will be set with '-kb' mode, which suppresses any newline munging
 	the client might otherwise do. If the attributes do not allow
-	the file type to be determined, then 'gitcvs.allbinary' is
+	the file type to be determined, then `gitcvs.allBinary` is
 	used. See linkgit:gitattributes[5].
 
-gitcvs.allbinary::
-	This is used if 'gitcvs.usecrlfattr' does not resolve
+gitcvs.allBinary::
+	This is used if `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` does not resolve
 	the correct '-kb' mode to use. If true, all
 	unresolved files are sent to the client in
 	mode '-kb'. This causes the client to treat them
 	as binary files, which suppresses any newline munging it
 	otherwise might do. Alternatively, if it is set to "guess",
 	then the contents of the file are examined to decide if
-	it is binary, similar to 'core.autocrlf'.
+	it is binary, similar to `core.autocrlf`.
 
-gitcvs.dbname::
+gitcvs.dbName::
 	Database used by git-cvsserver to cache revision information
-	derived from the git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
+	derived from the Git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
 	used database driver, for SQLite (which is the default driver) this
 	is a filename. Supports variable substitution (see
 	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details). May not contain semicolons (`;`).
 	Default: '%Ggitcvs.%m.sqlite'
 
-gitcvs.dbdriver::
+gitcvs.dbDriver::
 	Used Perl DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
-        for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
+	for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
 	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with 'DBD::Pg', and
 	reported *not* to work with 'DBD::mysql'. Experimental feature.
 	May not contain double colons (`:`). Default: 'SQLite'.
 	See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
 
-gitcvs.dbuser, gitcvs.dbpass::
-	Database user and password. Only useful if setting 'gitcvs.dbdriver',
+gitcvs.dbUser, gitcvs.dbPass::
+	Database user and password. Only useful if setting `gitcvs.dbDriver`,
 	since SQLite has no concept of database users and/or passwords.
-	'gitcvs.dbuser' supports variable substitution (see
+	'gitcvs.dbUser' supports variable substitution (see
 	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details).
 
 gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix::
@@ -1094,8 +1477,8 @@ gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix::
 	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details).  Any non-alphabetic
 	characters will be replaced with underscores.
 
-All gitcvs variables except for 'gitcvs.usecrlfattr' and
-'gitcvs.allbinary' can also be specified as
+All gitcvs variables except for `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` and
+`gitcvs.allBinary` can also be specified as
 'gitcvs.<access_method>.<varname>' (where 'access_method'
 is one of "ext" and "pserver") to make them apply only for the given
 access method.
@@ -1113,24 +1496,55 @@ gitweb.highlight::
 gitweb.patches::
 gitweb.pickaxe::
 gitweb.remote_heads::
-gitweb.showsizes::
+gitweb.showSizes::
 gitweb.snapshot::
 	See linkgit:gitweb.conf[5] for description.
 
 grep.lineNumber::
 	If set to true, enable '-n' option by default.
 
-grep.extendedRegexp::
-	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default.
+grep.patternType::
+	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
+	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the '--basic-regexp', '--extended-regexp',
+	'--fixed-strings', or '--perl-regexp' option accordingly, while the
+	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
 
-gui.commitmsgwidth::
+grep.extendedRegexp::
+	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. This
+	option is ignored when the `grep.patternType` option is set to a value
+	other than 'default'.
+
+grep.threads::
+	Number of grep worker threads to use.
+	See `grep.threads` in linkgit:git-grep[1] for more information.
+
+grep.fallbackToNoIndex::
+	If set to true, fall back to git grep --no-index if git grep
+	is executed outside of a git repository.  Defaults to false.
+
+gpg.program::
+	Use this custom program instead of "`gpg`" found on `$PATH` when
+	making or verifying a PGP signature. The program must support the
+	same command-line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached
+	signature, "`gpg --verify $file - <$signature`" is run, and the
+	program is expected to signal a good signature by exiting with
+	code 0, and to generate an ASCII-armored detached signature, the
+	standard input of "`gpg -bsau $key`" is fed with the contents to be
+	signed, and the program is expected to send the result to its
+	standard output.
+
+gui.commitMsgWidth::
 	Defines how wide the commit message window is in the
 	linkgit:git-gui[1]. "75" is the default.
 
-gui.diffcontext::
+gui.diffContext::
 	Specifies how many context lines should be used in calls to diff
 	made by the linkgit:git-gui[1]. The default is "5".
 
+gui.displayUntracked::
+	Determines if linkgit:git-gui[1] shows untracked files
+	in the file list. The default is "true".
+
 gui.encoding::
 	Specifies the default encoding to use for displaying of
 	file contents in linkgit:git-gui[1] and linkgit:gitk[1].
@@ -1139,16 +1553,16 @@ gui.encoding::
 	If this option is not set, the tools default to the
 	locale encoding.
 
-gui.matchtrackingbranch::
+gui.matchTrackingBranch::
 	Determines if new branches created with linkgit:git-gui[1] should
 	default to tracking remote branches with matching names or
 	not. Default: "false".
 
-gui.newbranchtemplate::
+gui.newBranchTemplate::
 	Is used as suggested name when creating new branches using the
 	linkgit:git-gui[1].
 
-gui.pruneduringfetch::
+gui.pruneDuringFetch::
 	"true" if linkgit:git-gui[1] should prune remote-tracking branches when
 	performing a fetch. The default value is "false".
 
@@ -1156,17 +1570,17 @@ gui.trustmtime::
 	Determines if linkgit:git-gui[1] should trust the file modification
 	timestamp or not. By default the timestamps are not trusted.
 
-gui.spellingdictionary::
+gui.spellingDictionary::
 	Specifies the dictionary used for spell checking commit messages in
 	the linkgit:git-gui[1]. When set to "none" spell checking is turned
 	off.
 
-gui.fastcopyblame::
+gui.fastCopyBlame::
 	If true, 'git gui blame' uses `-C` instead of `-C -C` for original
 	location detection. It makes blame significantly faster on huge
 	repositories at the expense of less thorough copy detection.
 
-gui.copyblamethreshold::
+gui.copyBlameThreshold::
 	Specifies the threshold to use in 'git gui blame' original location
 	detection, measured in alphanumeric characters. See the
 	linkgit:git-blame[1] manual for more information on copy detection.
@@ -1182,40 +1596,40 @@ guitool.<name>.cmd::
 	of the linkgit:git-gui[1] `Tools` menu is invoked. This option is
 	mandatory for every tool. The command is executed from the root of
 	the working directory, and in the environment it receives the name of
-	the tool as 'GIT_GUITOOL', the name of the currently selected file as
+	the tool as `GIT_GUITOOL`, the name of the currently selected file as
 	'FILENAME', and the name of the current branch as 'CUR_BRANCH' (if
 	the head is detached, 'CUR_BRANCH' is empty).
 
-guitool.<name>.needsfile::
+guitool.<name>.needsFile::
 	Run the tool only if a diff is selected in the GUI. It guarantees
 	that 'FILENAME' is not empty.
 
-guitool.<name>.noconsole::
+guitool.<name>.noConsole::
 	Run the command silently, without creating a window to display its
 	output.
 
-guitool.<name>.norescan::
+guitool.<name>.noRescan::
 	Don't rescan the working directory for changes after the tool
 	finishes execution.
 
 guitool.<name>.confirm::
 	Show a confirmation dialog before actually running the tool.
 
-guitool.<name>.argprompt::
+guitool.<name>.argPrompt::
 	Request a string argument from the user, and pass it to the tool
-	through the 'ARGS' environment variable. Since requesting an
+	through the `ARGS` environment variable. Since requesting an
 	argument implies confirmation, the 'confirm' option has no effect
 	if this is enabled. If the option is set to 'true', 'yes', or '1',
 	the dialog uses a built-in generic prompt; otherwise the exact
 	value of the variable is used.
 
-guitool.<name>.revprompt::
+guitool.<name>.revPrompt::
 	Request a single valid revision from the user, and set the
-	'REVISION' environment variable. In other aspects this option
-	is similar to 'argprompt', and can be used together with it.
+	`REVISION` environment variable. In other aspects this option
+	is similar to 'argPrompt', and can be used together with it.
 
-guitool.<name>.revunmerged::
-	Show only unmerged branches in the 'revprompt' subdialog.
+guitool.<name>.revUnmerged::
+	Show only unmerged branches in the 'revPrompt' subdialog.
 	This is useful for tools similar to merge or rebase, but not
 	for things like checkout or reset.
 
@@ -1225,7 +1639,7 @@ guitool.<name>.title::
 
 guitool.<name>.prompt::
 	Specifies the general prompt string to display at the top of
-	the dialog, before subsections for 'argprompt' and 'revprompt'.
+	the dialog, before subsections for 'argPrompt' and 'revPrompt'.
 	The default value includes the actual command.
 
 help.browser::
@@ -1237,7 +1651,7 @@ help.format::
 	Values 'man', 'info', 'web' and 'html' are supported. 'man' is
 	the default. 'web' and 'html' are the same.
 
-help.autocorrect::
+help.autoCorrect::
 	Automatically correct and execute mistyped commands after
 	waiting for the given number of deciseconds (0.1 sec). If more
 	than one command can be deduced from the entered text, nothing
@@ -1246,53 +1660,154 @@ help.autocorrect::
 	value is 0 - the command will be just shown but not executed.
 	This is the default.
 
+help.htmlPath::
+	Specify the path where the HTML documentation resides. File system paths
+	and URLs are supported. HTML pages will be prefixed with this path when
+	help is displayed in the 'web' format. This defaults to the documentation
+	path of your Git installation.
+
 http.proxy::
-	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy'
-	environment variable (see linkgit:curl[1]).  This can be overridden
+	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy',
+	'https_proxy', and 'all_proxy' environment variables (see `curl(1)`). In
+	addition to the syntax understood by curl, it is possible to specify a
+	proxy string with a user name but no password, in which case git will
+	attempt to acquire one in the same way it does for other credentials. See
+	linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for more information. The syntax thus is
+	'[protocol://][user[:password]@]proxyhost[:port]'. This can be overridden
 	on a per-remote basis; see remote.<name>.proxy
 
-http.cookiefile::
-	File containing previously stored cookie lines which should be used
-	in the git http session, if they match the server. The file format
+http.proxyAuthMethod::
+	Set the method with which to authenticate against the HTTP proxy. This
+	only takes effect if the configured proxy string contains a user name part
+	(i.e. is of the form 'user@host' or 'user@host:port'). This can be
+	overridden on a per-remote basis; see `remote.<name>.proxyAuthMethod`.
+	Both can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_PROXY_AUTHMETHOD` environment
+	variable.  Possible values are:
++
+--
+* `anyauth` - Automatically pick a suitable authentication method. It is
+  assumed that the proxy answers an unauthenticated request with a 407
+  status code and one or more Proxy-authenticate headers with supported
+  authentication methods. This is the default.
+* `basic` - HTTP Basic authentication
+* `digest` - HTTP Digest authentication; this prevents the password from being
+  transmitted to the proxy in clear text
+* `negotiate` - GSS-Negotiate authentication (compare the --negotiate option
+  of `curl(1)`)
+* `ntlm` - NTLM authentication (compare the --ntlm option of `curl(1)`)
+--
+
+http.emptyAuth::
+	Attempt authentication without seeking a username or password.  This
+	can be used to attempt GSS-Negotiate authentication without specifying
+	a username in the URL, as libcurl normally requires a username for
+	authentication.
+
+http.extraHeader::
+	Pass an additional HTTP header when communicating with a server.  If
+	more than one such entry exists, all of them are added as extra
+	headers.  To allow overriding the settings inherited from the system
+	config, an empty value will reset the extra headers to the empty list.
+
+http.cookieFile::
+	The pathname of a file containing previously stored cookie lines,
+	which should be used
+	in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format
 	of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or
-	the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see linkgit:curl[1]).
-	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookiefile is only used as
-	input. No cookies will be stored in the file.
+	the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see `curl(1)`).
+	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookieFile is used only as
+	input unless http.saveCookies is set.
+
+http.saveCookies::
+	If set, store cookies received during requests to the file specified by
+	http.cookieFile. Has no effect if http.cookieFile is unset.
+
+http.sslVersion::
+	The SSL version to use when negotiating an SSL connection, if you
+	want to force the default.  The available and default version
+	depend on whether libcurl was built against NSS or OpenSSL and the
+	particular configuration of the crypto library in use. Internally
+	this sets the 'CURLOPT_SSL_VERSION' option; see the libcurl
+	documentation for more details on the format of this option and
+	for the ssl version supported. Actually the possible values of
+	this option are:
+
+	- sslv2
+	- sslv3
+	- tlsv1
+	- tlsv1.0
+	- tlsv1.1
+	- tlsv1.2
+
++
+Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_VERSION` environment variable.
+To force git to use libcurl's default ssl version and ignore any
+explicit http.sslversion option, set `GIT_SSL_VERSION` to the
+empty string.
+
+http.sslCipherList::
+  A list of SSL ciphers to use when negotiating an SSL connection.
+  The available ciphers depend on whether libcurl was built against
+  NSS or OpenSSL and the particular configuration of the crypto
+  library in use.  Internally this sets the 'CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST'
+  option; see the libcurl documentation for more details on the format
+  of this list.
++
+Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST` environment variable.
+To force git to use libcurl's default cipher list and ignore any
+explicit http.sslCipherList option, set `GIT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST` to the
+empty string.
 
 http.sslVerify::
 	Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
-	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY' environment
+	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY` environment
 	variable.
 
 http.sslCert::
 	File containing the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
-	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_SSL_CERT' environment
+	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_CERT` environment
 	variable.
 
 http.sslKey::
 	File containing the SSL private key when fetching or pushing
-	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_SSL_KEY' environment
+	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_KEY` environment
 	variable.
 
 http.sslCertPasswordProtected::
-	Enable git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
+	Enable Git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
 	OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the
 	certificate or private key is encrypted.  Can be overridden by the
-	'GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED' environment variable.
+	`GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED` environment variable.
 
 http.sslCAInfo::
 	File containing the certificates to verify the peer with when
 	fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the
-	'GIT_SSL_CAINFO' environment variable.
+	`GIT_SSL_CAINFO` environment variable.
 
 http.sslCAPath::
 	Path containing files with the CA certificates to verify the peer
 	with when fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden
-	by the 'GIT_SSL_CAPATH' environment variable.
+	by the `GIT_SSL_CAPATH` environment variable.
+
+http.pinnedpubkey::
+	Public key of the https service. It may either be the filename of
+	a PEM or DER encoded public key file or a string starting with
+	'sha256//' followed by the base64 encoded sha256 hash of the
+	public key. See also libcurl 'CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY'. git will
+	exit with an error if this option is set but not supported by
+	cURL.
+
+http.sslTry::
+	Attempt to use AUTH SSL/TLS and encrypted data transfers
+	when connecting via regular FTP protocol. This might be needed
+	if the FTP server requires it for security reasons or you wish
+	to connect securely whenever remote FTP server supports it.
+	Default is false since it might trigger certificate verification
+	errors on misconfigured servers.
 
 http.maxRequests::
 	How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
-	by the 'GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS' environment variable. Default is 5.
+	by the `GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS` environment variable. Default is 5.
 
 http.minSessions::
 	The number of curl sessions (counted across slots) to be kept across
@@ -1311,26 +1826,71 @@ http.postBuffer::
 http.lowSpeedLimit, http.lowSpeedTime::
 	If the HTTP transfer speed is less than 'http.lowSpeedLimit'
 	for longer than 'http.lowSpeedTime' seconds, the transfer is aborted.
-	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT' and
-	'GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_TIME' environment variables.
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT` and
+	`GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_TIME` environment variables.
 
 http.noEPSV::
 	A boolean which disables using of EPSV ftp command by curl.
 	This can helpful with some "poor" ftp servers which don't
-	support EPSV mode. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV'
+	support EPSV mode. Can be overridden by the `GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV`
 	environment variable. Default is false (curl will use EPSV).
 
-http.useragent::
+http.userAgent::
 	The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server.  The default
-	value represents the version of the client git such as git/1.7.1.
+	value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1.
 	This option allows you to override this value to a more common value
 	such as Mozilla/4.0.  This may be necessary, for instance, if
 	connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set
 	of common USER_AGENT strings (but not including those like git/1.7.1).
-	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT' environment variable.
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT` environment variable.
+
+http.<url>.*::
+	Any of the http.* options above can be applied selectively to some URLs.
+	For a config key to match a URL, each element of the config key is
+	compared to that of the URL, in the following order:
++
+--
+. Scheme (e.g., `https` in `https://example.com/`). This field
+  must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Host/domain name (e.g., `example.com` in `https://example.com/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Port number (e.g., `8080` in `http://example.com:8080/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+  Omitted port numbers are automatically converted to the correct
+  default for the scheme before matching.
+
+. Path (e.g., `repo.git` in `https://example.com/repo.git`). The
+  path field of the config key must match the path field of the URL
+  either exactly or as a prefix of slash-delimited path elements.  This means
+  a config key with path `foo/` matches URL path `foo/bar`.  A prefix can only
+  match on a slash (`/`) boundary.  Longer matches take precedence (so a config
+  key with path `foo/bar` is a better match to URL path `foo/bar` than a config
+  key with just path `foo/`).
+
+. User name (e.g., `user` in `https://user@example.com/repo.git`). If
+  the config key has a user name it must match the user name in the
+  URL exactly. If the config key does not have a user name, that
+  config key will match a URL with any user name (including none),
+  but at a lower precedence than a config key with a user name.
+--
++
+The list above is ordered by decreasing precedence; a URL that matches
+a config key's path is preferred to one that matches its user name. For example,
+if the URL is `https://user@example.com/foo/bar` a config key match of
+`https://example.com/foo` will be preferred over a config key match of
+`https://user@example.com`.
++
+All URLs are normalized before attempting any matching (the password part,
+if embedded in the URL, is always ignored for matching purposes) so that
+equivalent URLs that are simply spelled differently will match properly.
+Environment variable settings always override any matches.  The URLs that are
+matched against are those given directly to Git commands.  This means any URLs
+visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching.
 
 i18n.commitEncoding::
-	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself
+	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself
 	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
 	importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history
 	browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other
@@ -1344,7 +1904,11 @@ imap::
 	The configuration variables in the 'imap' section are described
 	in linkgit:git-imap-send[1].
 
-init.templatedir::
+index.version::
+	Specify the version with which new index files should be
+	initialized.  This does not affect existing repositories.
+
+init.templateDir::
 	Specify the directory from which templates will be copied.
 	(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].)
 
@@ -1360,7 +1924,7 @@ instaweb.local::
 	If true the web server started by linkgit:git-instaweb[1] will
 	be bound to the local IP (127.0.0.1).
 
-instaweb.modulepath::
+instaweb.modulePath::
 	The default module path for linkgit:git-instaweb[1] to use
 	instead of /usr/lib/apache2/modules.  Only used if httpd
 	is Apache.
@@ -1369,40 +1933,66 @@ instaweb.port::
 	The port number to bind the gitweb httpd to. See
 	linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
 
-interactive.singlekey::
+interactive.singleKey::
 	In interactive commands, allow the user to provide one-letter
 	input with a single key (i.e., without hitting enter).
-	Currently this is used by the `\--patch` mode of
+	Currently this is used by the `--patch` mode of
 	linkgit:git-add[1], linkgit:git-checkout[1], linkgit:git-commit[1],
 	linkgit:git-reset[1], and linkgit:git-stash[1]. Note that this
 	setting is silently ignored if portable keystroke input
-	is not available.
+	is not available; requires the Perl module Term::ReadKey.
+
+interactive.diffFilter::
+	When an interactive command (such as `git add --patch`) shows
+	a colorized diff, git will pipe the diff through the shell
+	command defined by this configuration variable. The command may
+	mark up the diff further for human consumption, provided that it
+	retains a one-to-one correspondence with the lines in the
+	original diff. Defaults to disabled (no filtering).
 
 log.abbrevCommit::
 	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
-	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `\--abbrev-commit`. You may
-	override this option with `\--no-abbrev-commit`.
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--abbrev-commit`. You may
+	override this option with `--no-abbrev-commit`.
 
 log.date::
 	Set the default date-time mode for the 'log' command.
 	Setting a value for log.date is similar to using 'git log''s
-	`\--date` option.  Possible values are `relative`, `local`,
-	`default`, `iso`, `rfc`, and `short`; see linkgit:git-log[1]
-	for details.
+	`--date` option.  See linkgit:git-log[1] for details.
 
 log.decorate::
 	Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown by the log
 	command. If 'short' is specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/',
 	'refs/tags/' and 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is
 	specified, the full ref name (including prefix) will be printed.
-	This is the same as the log commands '--decorate' option.
-
-log.showroot::
+	If 'auto' is specified, then if the output is going to a terminal,
+	the ref names are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref
+	names are shown. This is the same as the '--decorate' option
+	of the `git log`.
+
+log.follow::
+	If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
+	a single <path> is given.  This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
+	i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
+	on non-linear history.
+
+log.showRoot::
 	If true, the initial commit will be shown as a big creation event.
 	This is equivalent to a diff against an empty tree.
 	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
 	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
 
+log.mailmap::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--use-mailmap`.
+
+mailinfo.scissors::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-mailinfo[1] (and therefore
+	linkgit:git-am[1]) act by default as if the --scissors option
+	was provided on the command-line. When active, this features
+	removes everything from the message body before a scissors
+	line (i.e. consisting mainly of ">8", "8<" and "-").
+
 mailmap.file::
 	The location of an augmenting mailmap file. The default
 	mailmap, located in the root of the repository, is loaded
@@ -1411,6 +2001,14 @@ mailmap.file::
 	subdirectory, or somewhere outside of the repository itself.
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1].
 
+mailmap.blob::
+	Like `mailmap.file`, but consider the value as a reference to a
+	blob in the repository. If both `mailmap.file` and
+	`mailmap.blob` are given, both are parsed, with entries from
+	`mailmap.file` taking precedence. In a bare repository, this
+	defaults to `HEAD:.mailmap`. In a non-bare repository, it
+	defaults to empty.
+
 man.viewer::
 	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
 	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
@@ -1449,6 +2047,15 @@ mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode::
 	if the file has been updated, otherwise the user is prompted to
 	indicate the success of the merge.
 
+mergetool.meld.hasOutput::
+	Older versions of `meld` do not support the `--output` option.
+	Git will attempt to detect whether `meld` supports `--output`
+	by inspecting the output of `meld --help`.  Configuring
+	`mergetool.meld.hasOutput` will make Git skip these checks and
+	use the configured value instead.  Setting `mergetool.meld.hasOutput`
+	to `true` tells Git to unconditionally use the `--output` option,
+	and `false` avoids using `--output`.
+
 mergetool.keepBackup::
 	After performing a merge, the original file with conflict markers
 	can be saved as a file with a `.orig` extension.  If this variable
@@ -1456,15 +2063,33 @@ mergetool.keepBackup::
 	`true` (i.e. keep the backup files).
 
 mergetool.keepTemporaries::
-	When invoking a custom merge tool, git uses a set of temporary
+	When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary
 	files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this
 	variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be
 	preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has
 	exited. Defaults to `false`.
 
+mergetool.writeToTemp::
+	Git writes temporary 'BASE', 'LOCAL', and 'REMOTE' versions of
+	conflicting files in the worktree by default.  Git will attempt
+	to use a temporary directory for these files when set `true`.
+	Defaults to `false`.
+
 mergetool.prompt::
 	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program.
 
+notes.mergeStrategy::
+	Which merge strategy to choose by default when resolving notes
+	conflicts.  Must be one of `manual`, `ours`, `theirs`, `union`, or
+	`cat_sort_uniq`.  Defaults to `manual`.  See "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES"
+	section of linkgit:git-notes[1] for more information on each strategy.
+
+notes.<name>.mergeStrategy::
+	Which merge strategy to choose when doing a notes merge into
+	refs/notes/<name>.  This overrides the more general
+	"notes.mergeStrategy".  See the "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section in
+	linkgit:git-notes[1] for more information on the available strategies.
+
 notes.displayRef::
 	The (fully qualified) refname from which to show notes when
 	showing commit messages.  The value of this variable can be set
@@ -1484,7 +2109,7 @@ displayed.
 
 notes.rewrite.<command>::
 	When rewriting commits with <command> (currently `amend` or
-	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, git
+	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, Git
 	automatically copies your notes from the original to the
 	rewritten commit.  Defaults to `true`, but see
 	"notes.rewriteRef" below.
@@ -1493,8 +2118,8 @@ notes.rewriteMode::
 	When copying notes during a rewrite (see the
 	"notes.rewrite.<command>" option), determines what to do if
 	the target commit already has a note.  Must be one of
-	`overwrite`, `concatenate`, or `ignore`.  Defaults to
-	`concatenate`.
+	`overwrite`, `concatenate`, `cat_sort_uniq`, or `ignore`.
+	Defaults to `concatenate`.
 +
 This setting can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE`
 environment variable.
@@ -1522,10 +2147,11 @@ pack.depth::
 	maximum depth is given on the command line. Defaults to 50.
 
 pack.windowMemory::
-	The window memory size limit used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
-	when no limit is given on the command line.  The value can be
-	suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".  Defaults to 0, meaning no
-	limit.
+	The maximum size of memory that is consumed by each thread
+	in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] for pack window memory when
+	no limit is given on the command line.  The value can be
+	suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".  When left unconfigured (or
+	set explicitly to 0), there will be no limit.
 
 pack.compression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects
@@ -1564,7 +2190,7 @@ pack.threads::
 	warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
 	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window
 	is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 pack.indexVersion::
@@ -1576,29 +2202,52 @@ pack.indexVersion::
 	and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is
 	larger than 2 GB.
 +
-If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `{asterisk}.idx` file,
-cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync")
-that will copy both `{asterisk}.pack` file and corresponding `{asterisk}.idx` file from the
+If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
+cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http")
+that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the
 other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your
-older version of git. If the `{asterisk}.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
+older version of Git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
 you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate
-the `{asterisk}.idx` file.
+the `*.idx` file.
 
 pack.packSizeLimit::
 	The maximum size of a pack.  This setting only affects
 	packing to a file when repacking, i.e. the git:// protocol
-	is unaffected.  It can be overridden by the `\--max-pack-size`
-	option of linkgit:git-repack[1]. The minimum size allowed is
-	limited to 1 MiB. The default is unlimited.
+	is unaffected.  It can be overridden by the `--max-pack-size`
+	option of linkgit:git-repack[1].  Reaching this limit results
+	in the creation of multiple packfiles; which in turn prevents
+	bitmaps from being created.
+	The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
+	The default is unlimited.
 	Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are
 	supported.
 
+pack.useBitmaps::
+	When true, git will use pack bitmaps (if available) when packing
+	to stdout (e.g., during the server side of a fetch). Defaults to
+	true. You should not generally need to turn this off unless
+	you are debugging pack bitmaps.
+
+pack.writeBitmaps (deprecated)::
+	This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`.
+
+pack.writeBitmapHashCache::
+	When true, git will include a "hash cache" section in the bitmap
+	index (if one is written). This cache can be used to feed git's
+	delta heuristics, potentially leading to better deltas between
+	bitmapped and non-bitmapped objects (e.g., when serving a fetch
+	between an older, bitmapped pack and objects that have been
+	pushed since the last gc). The downside is that it consumes 4
+	bytes per object of disk space, and that JGit's bitmap
+	implementation does not understand it, causing it to complain if
+	Git and JGit are used on the same repository. Defaults to false.
+
 pager.<cmd>::
 	If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the
-	output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty.
+	output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty.
 	Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the
-	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `\--paginate`
-	or `\--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
+	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `--paginate`
+	or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
 	precedence over this option.  To disable pagination for all
 	commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`.
 
@@ -1606,18 +2255,34 @@ pretty.<name>::
 	Alias for a --pretty= format string, as specified in
 	linkgit:git-log[1]. Any aliases defined here can be used just
 	as the built-in pretty formats could. For example,
-	running `git config pretty.changelog "format:{asterisk} %H %s"`
+	running `git config pretty.changelog "format:* %H %s"`
 	would cause the invocation `git log --pretty=changelog`
-	to be equivalent to running `git log "--pretty=format:{asterisk} %H %s"`.
+	to be equivalent to running `git log "--pretty=format:* %H %s"`.
 	Note that an alias with the same name as a built-in format
 	will be silently ignored.
 
+pull.ff::
+	By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
+	a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the
+	tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`,
+	this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such
+	a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command
+	line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are
+	allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the
+	command line). This setting overrides `merge.ff` when pulling.
+
 pull.rebase::
 	When true, rebase branches on top of the fetched branch, instead
 	of merging the default branch from the default remote when "git
 	pull" is run. See "branch.<name>.rebase" for setting this on a
 	per-branch basis.
 +
+When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+by running 'git pull'.
++
+When the value is `interactive`, the rebase is run in interactive mode.
++
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
@@ -1630,31 +2295,148 @@ pull.twohead::
 	The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch.
 
 push.default::
-	Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given
-	on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and
-	no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command
-	line. Possible values are:
-+
-* `nothing` - do not push anything.
-* `matching` - push all matching branches.
-  All branches having the same name in both ends are considered to be
-  matching. This is the default.
-* `upstream` - push the current branch to its upstream branch.
-* `tracking` - deprecated synonym for `upstream`.
-* `current` - push the current branch to a branch of the same name.
+	Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is
+	explicitly given.  Different values are well-suited for
+	specific workflows; for instance, in a purely central workflow
+	(i.e. the fetch source is equal to the push destination),
+	`upstream` is probably what you want.  Possible values are:
++
+--
+
+* `nothing` - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is
+  explicitly given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
+  avoid mistakes by always being explicit.
+
+* `current` - push the current branch to update a branch with the same
+  name on the receiving end.  Works in both central and non-central
+  workflows.
+
+* `upstream` - push the current branch back to the branch whose
+  changes are usually integrated into the current branch (which is
+  called `@{upstream}`).  This mode only makes sense if you are
+  pushing to the same repository you would normally pull from
+  (i.e. central workflow).
+
+* `simple` - in centralized workflow, work like `upstream` with an
+  added safety to refuse to push if the upstream branch's name is
+  different from the local one.
++
+When pushing to a remote that is different from the remote you normally
+pull from, work as `current`.  This is the safest option and is suited
+for beginners.
++
+This mode has become the default in Git 2.0.
+
+* `matching` - push all branches having the same name on both ends.
+  This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of
+  branches that will be pushed out (e.g. if you always push 'maint'
+  and 'master' there and no other branches, the repository you push
+  to will have these two branches, and your local 'maint' and
+  'master' will be pushed there).
++
+To use this mode effectively, you have to make sure _all_ the
+branches you would push out are ready to be pushed out before
+running 'git push', as the whole point of this mode is to allow you
+to push all of the branches in one go.  If you usually finish work
+on only one branch and push out the result, while other branches are
+unfinished, this mode is not for you.  Also this mode is not
+suitable for pushing into a shared central repository, as other
+people may add new branches there, or update the tip of existing
+branches outside your control.
++
+This used to be the default, but not since Git 2.0 (`simple` is the
+new default).
+
+--
+
+push.followTags::
+	If set to true enable '--follow-tags' option by default.  You
+	may override this configuration at time of push by specifying
+	'--no-follow-tags'.
+
+push.gpgSign::
+	May be set to a boolean value, or the string 'if-asked'. A true
+	value causes all pushes to be GPG signed, as if '--signed' is
+	passed to linkgit:git-push[1]. The string 'if-asked' causes
+	pushes to be signed if the server supports it, as if
+	'--signed=if-asked' is passed to 'git push'. A false value may
+	override a value from a lower-priority config file. An explicit
+	command-line flag always overrides this config option.
+
+push.recurseSubmodules::
+	Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be pushed
+	are available on a remote-tracking branch. If the value is 'check'
+	then Git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in the
+	revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote of the
+	submodule. If any commits are missing, the push will be aborted and
+	exit with non-zero status. If the value is 'on-demand' then all
+	submodules that changed in the revisions to be pushed will be
+	pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary revisions
+	it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status. If the value
+	is 'no' then default behavior of ignoring submodules when pushing
+	is retained. You may override this configuration at time of push by
+	specifying '--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand|no'.
 
 rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.
 
-rebase.autosquash::
+rebase.autoSquash::
 	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
 
+rebase.autoStash::
+	When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash
+	before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation
+	ends.  This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.
+	However, use with care: the final stash application after a
+	successful rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+	Defaults to false.
+
+rebase.missingCommitsCheck::
+	If set to "warn", git rebase -i will print a warning if some
+	commits are removed (e.g. a line was deleted), however the
+	rebase will still proceed. If set to "error", it will print
+	the previous warning and stop the rebase, 'git rebase
+	--edit-todo' can then be used to correct the error. If set to
+	"ignore", no checking is done.
+	To drop a commit without warning or error, use the `drop`
+	command in the todo-list.
+	Defaults to "ignore".
+
+rebase.instructionFormat
+	A format string, as specified in linkgit:git-log[1], to be used for
+	the instruction list during an interactive rebase.  The format will automatically
+	have the long commit hash prepended to the format.
+
+receive.advertiseAtomic::
+	By default, git-receive-pack will advertise the atomic push
+	capability to its clients. If you don't want to this capability
+	to be advertised, set this variable to false.
+
 receive.autogc::
 	By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after
 	receiving data from git-push and updating refs.  You can stop
 	it by setting this variable to false.
 
+receive.certNonceSeed::
+	By setting this variable to a string, `git receive-pack`
+	will accept a `git push --signed` and verifies it by using
+	a "nonce" protected by HMAC using this string as a secret
+	key.
+
+receive.certNonceSlop::
+	When a `git push --signed` sent a push certificate with a
+	"nonce" that was issued by a receive-pack serving the same
+	repository within this many seconds, export the "nonce"
+	found in the certificate to `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE` to the
+	hooks (instead of what the receive-pack asked the sending
+	side to include).  This may allow writing checks in
+	`pre-receive` and `post-receive` a bit easier.  Instead of
+	checking `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP` environment variable
+	that records by how many seconds the nonce is stale to
+	decide if they want to accept the certificate, they only
+	can check `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS` is `OK`.
+
 receive.fsckObjects::
 	If it is set to true, git-receive-pack will check all received
 	objects. It will abort in the case of a malformed object or a
@@ -1662,6 +2444,28 @@ receive.fsckObjects::
 	Defaults to false. If not set, the value of `transfer.fsckObjects`
 	is used instead.
 
+receive.fsck.<msg-id>::
+	When `receive.fsckObjects` is set to true, errors can be switched
+	to warnings and vice versa by configuring the `receive.fsck.<msg-id>`
+	setting where the `<msg-id>` is the fsck message ID and the value
+	is one of `error`, `warn` or `ignore`. For convenience, fsck prefixes
+	the error/warning with the message ID, e.g. "missingEmail: invalid
+	author/committer line - missing email" means that setting
+	`receive.fsck.missingEmail = ignore` will hide that issue.
++
+This feature is intended to support working with legacy repositories
+which would not pass pushing when `receive.fsckObjects = true`, allowing
+the host to accept repositories with certain known issues but still catch
+other issues.
+
+receive.fsck.skipList::
+	The path to a sorted list of object names (i.e. one SHA-1 per
+	line) that are known to be broken in a non-fatal way and should
+	be ignored. This feature is useful when an established project
+	should be accepted despite early commits containing errors that
+	can be safely ignored such as invalid committer email addresses.
+	Note: corrupt objects cannot be skipped with this setting.
+
 receive.unpackLimit::
 	If the number of objects received in a push is below this
 	limit then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
@@ -1688,6 +2492,17 @@ receive.denyCurrentBranch::
 	print a warning of such a push to stderr, but allow the push to
 	proceed. If set to false or "ignore", allow such pushes with no
 	message. Defaults to "refuse".
++
+Another option is "updateInstead" which will update the working
+tree if pushing into the current branch.  This option is
+intended for synchronizing working directories when one side is not easily
+accessible via interactive ssh (e.g. a live web site, hence the requirement
+that the working directory be clean). This mode also comes in handy when
+developing inside a VM to test and fix code on different Operating Systems.
++
+By default, "updateInstead" will refuse the push if the working tree or
+the index have any difference from the HEAD, but the `push-to-checkout`
+hook can be used to customize this.  See linkgit:githooks[5].
 
 receive.denyNonFastForwards::
 	If set to true, git-receive-pack will deny a ref update which is
@@ -1695,10 +2510,25 @@ receive.denyNonFastForwards::
 	even if that push is forced. This configuration variable is
 	set when initializing a shared repository.
 
-receive.updateserverinfo::
+receive.hideRefs::
+	This variable is the same as `transfer.hideRefs`, but applies
+	only to `receive-pack` (and so affects pushes, but not fetches).
+	An attempt to update or delete a hidden ref by `git push` is
+	rejected.
+
+receive.updateServerInfo::
 	If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info
 	after receiving data from git-push and updating refs.
 
+receive.shallowUpdate::
+	If set to true, .git/shallow can be updated when new refs
+	require new shallow roots. Otherwise those refs are rejected.
+
+remote.pushDefault::
+	The remote to push to by default.  Overrides
+	`branch.<name>.remote` for all branches, and is overridden by
+	`branch.<name>.pushRemote` for specific branches.
+
 remote.<name>.url::
 	The URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
 	linkgit:git-push[1].
@@ -1711,6 +2541,11 @@ remote.<name>.proxy::
 	the proxy to use for that remote.  Set to the empty string to
 	disable proxying for that remote.
 
+remote.<name>.proxyAuthMethod::
+	For remotes that require curl (http, https and ftp), the method to use for
+	authenticating against the proxy in use (probably set in
+	`remote.<name>.proxy`). See `http.proxyAuthMethod`.
+
 remote.<name>.fetch::
 	The default set of "refspec" for linkgit:git-fetch[1]. See
 	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
@@ -1721,7 +2556,7 @@ remote.<name>.push::
 
 remote.<name>.mirror::
 	If true, pushing to this remote will automatically behave
-	as if the `\--mirror` option was given on the command line.
+	as if the `--mirror` option was given on the command line.
 
 remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate::
 	If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
@@ -1735,93 +2570,123 @@ remote.<name>.skipFetchAll::
 
 remote.<name>.receivepack::
 	The default program to execute on the remote side when pushing.  See
-	option \--receive-pack of linkgit:git-push[1].
+	option --receive-pack of linkgit:git-push[1].
 
 remote.<name>.uploadpack::
 	The default program to execute on the remote side when fetching.  See
-	option \--upload-pack of linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1].
+	option --upload-pack of linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1].
 
-remote.<name>.tagopt::
-	Setting this value to \--no-tags disables automatic tag following when
-	fetching from remote <name>. Setting it to \--tags will fetch every
+remote.<name>.tagOpt::
+	Setting this value to --no-tags disables automatic tag following when
+	fetching from remote <name>. Setting it to --tags will fetch every
 	tag from remote <name>, even if they are not reachable from remote
 	branch heads. Passing these flags directly to linkgit:git-fetch[1] can
-	override this setting. See options \--tags and \--no-tags of
+	override this setting. See options --tags and --no-tags of
 	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 remote.<name>.vcs::
-	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with
+	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with
 	the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
 
+remote.<name>.prune::
+	When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
+	remove any remote-tracking references that no longer exist on the
+	remote (as if the `--prune` option was given on the command line).
+	Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any.
+
 remotes.<group>::
 	The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
 	<group>".  See linkgit:git-remote[1].
 
-repack.usedeltabaseoffset::
+repack.useDeltaBaseOffset::
 	By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use
 	delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with
-	git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
+	Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
 	protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to
-	"false" and repack. Access from old git versions over the
+	"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the
 	native protocol are unaffected by this option.
 
-rerere.autoupdate::
+repack.packKeptObjects::
+	If set to true, makes `git repack` act as if
+	`--pack-kept-objects` was passed. See linkgit:git-repack[1] for
+	details. Defaults to `false` normally, but `true` if a bitmap
+	index is being written (either via `--write-bitmap-index` or
+	`repack.writeBitmaps`).
+
+repack.writeBitmaps::
+	When true, git will write a bitmap index when packing all
+	objects to disk (e.g., when `git repack -a` is run).  This
+	index can speed up the "counting objects" phase of subsequent
+	packs created for clones and fetches, at the cost of some disk
+	space and extra time spent on the initial repack.  This has
+	no effect if multiple packfiles are created.
+	Defaults to false.
+
+rerere.autoUpdate::
 	When set to true, `git-rerere` updates the index with the
 	resulting contents after it cleanly resolves conflicts using
 	previously recorded resolution.  Defaults to false.
 
 rerere.enabled::
 	Activate recording of resolved conflicts, so that identical
-	conflict hunks can be resolved automatically, should they
-	be encountered again.  linkgit:git-rerere[1] command is by
-	default enabled if you create `rr-cache` directory under
-	`$GIT_DIR`, but can be disabled by setting this option to false.
+	conflict hunks can be resolved automatically, should they be
+	encountered again.  By default, linkgit:git-rerere[1] is
+	enabled if there is an `rr-cache` directory under the
+	`$GIT_DIR`, e.g. if "rerere" was previously used in the
+	repository.
 
 sendemail.identity::
 	A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
 	'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
 	values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
-	the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
+	the value of `sendemail.identity`.
 
-sendemail.smtpencryption::
+sendemail.smtpEncryption::
 	See linkgit:git-send-email[1] for description.  Note that this
 	setting is not subject to the 'identity' mechanism.
 
-sendemail.smtpssl::
-	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpencryption = ssl'.
+sendemail.smtpssl (deprecated)::
+	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpEncryption = ssl'.
+
+sendemail.smtpsslcertpath::
+	Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file).
+	Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification.
 
 sendemail.<identity>.*::
 	Identity-specific versions of the 'sendemail.*' parameters
 	found below, taking precedence over those when the this
 	identity is selected, through command-line or
-	'sendemail.identity'.
+	`sendemail.identity`.
 
-sendemail.aliasesfile::
-sendemail.aliasfiletype::
+sendemail.aliasesFile::
+sendemail.aliasFileType::
+sendemail.annotate::
 sendemail.bcc::
 sendemail.cc::
-sendemail.cccmd::
-sendemail.chainreplyto::
+sendemail.ccCmd::
+sendemail.chainReplyTo::
 sendemail.confirm::
-sendemail.envelopesender::
+sendemail.envelopeSender::
 sendemail.from::
-sendemail.multiedit::
+sendemail.multiEdit::
 sendemail.signedoffbycc::
-sendemail.smtppass::
+sendemail.smtpPass::
 sendemail.suppresscc::
-sendemail.suppressfrom::
+sendemail.suppressFrom::
 sendemail.to::
-sendemail.smtpdomain::
-sendemail.smtpserver::
-sendemail.smtpserverport::
-sendemail.smtpserveroption::
-sendemail.smtpuser::
+sendemail.smtpDomain::
+sendemail.smtpServer::
+sendemail.smtpServerPort::
+sendemail.smtpServerOption::
+sendemail.smtpUser::
 sendemail.thread::
+sendemail.transferEncoding::
 sendemail.validate::
+sendemail.xmailer::
 	See linkgit:git-send-email[1] for description.
 
-sendemail.signedoffcc::
-	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.signedoffbycc'.
+sendemail.signedoffcc (deprecated)::
+	Deprecated alias for `sendemail.signedoffbycc`.
 
 showbranch.default::
 	The default set of branches for linkgit:git-show-branch[1].
@@ -1830,15 +2695,30 @@ showbranch.default::
 status.relativePaths::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the
 	current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths
-	relative to the repository root (this was the default for git
+	relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git
 	prior to v1.5.4).
 
+status.short::
+	Set to true to enable --short by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-short takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.branch::
+	Set to true to enable --branch by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-branch takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.displayCommentPrefix::
+	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will insert a comment
+	prefix before each output line (starting with
+	`core.commentChar`, i.e. `#` by default). This was the
+	behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous.
+	Defaults to false.
+
 status.showUntrackedFiles::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show
 	files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which
 	contain only untracked files, are shown with the directory name
 	only. Showing untracked files means that Git needs to lstat() all
-	all the files in the whole repository, which might be slow on some
+	the files in the whole repository, which might be slow on some
 	systems. So, this variable controls how the commands displays
 	the untracked files. Possible values are:
 +
@@ -1852,33 +2732,64 @@ If this variable is not specified, it defaults to 'normal'.
 This variable can be overridden with the -u|--untracked-files option
 of linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1].
 
-status.submodulesummary::
+status.submoduleSummary::
 	Defaults to false.
 	If this is set to a non zero number or true (identical to -1 or an
 	unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled and a
 	summary of commits for modified submodules will be shown (see
-	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+	that the summary output command will be suppressed for all
+	submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only
+	for those submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. The only
+	exception to that rule is that status and commit will show staged
+	submodule changes. To
+	also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use
+	the --ignore-submodules=dirty command-line option or the 'git
+	submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does
+	not honor these settings.
+
+stash.showPatch::
+	If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an
+	option will show the stash in patch form.  Defaults to false.
+	See description of 'show' command in linkgit:git-stash[1].
+
+stash.showStat::
+	If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an
+	option will show diffstat of the stash.  Defaults to true.
+	See description of 'show' command in linkgit:git-stash[1].
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
 submodule.<name>.url::
+	The path within this project and URL for a submodule. These
+	variables are initially populated by 'git submodule init'. See
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for
+	details.
+
 submodule.<name>.update::
-	The path within this project, URL, and the updating strategy
-	for a submodule.  These variables are initially populated
-	by 'git submodule init'; edit them to override the
-	URL and other values found in the `.gitmodules` file.  See
-	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
+	The default update procedure for a submodule. This variable
+	is populated by `git submodule init` from the
+	linkgit:gitmodules[5] file. See description of 'update'
+	command in linkgit:git-submodule[1].
+
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	The remote branch name for a submodule, used by `git submodule
+	update --remote`.  Set this option to override the value found in
+	the `.gitmodules` file.  See linkgit:git-submodule[1] and
+	linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
 
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
 	submodule. It can be overridden by using the --[no-]recurse-submodules
-	command line option to "git fetch" and "git pull".
+	command-line option to "git fetch" and "git pull".
 	This setting will override that from in the linkgit:gitmodules[5]
 	file.
 
 submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	Defines under what circumstances "git status" and the diff family show
 	a submodule as modified. When set to "all", it will never be considered
-	modified, "dirty" will ignore all changes to the submodules work tree and
+	modified (but it will nonetheless show up in the output of status and
+	commit when it has been staged), "dirty" will ignore all changes
+	to the submodules work tree and
 	takes only differences between the HEAD of the submodule and the commit
 	recorded in the superproject into account. "untracked" will additionally
 	let submodules with modified tracked files in their work tree show up.
@@ -1886,7 +2797,24 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	submodules that have untracked files in their work tree as changed.
 	This setting overrides any setting made in .gitmodules for this submodule,
 	both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-	"--ignore-submodules" option.
+	"--ignore-submodules" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+	affected by this setting.
+
+submodule.fetchJobs::
+	Specifies how many submodules are fetched/cloned at the same time.
+	A positive integer allows up to that number of submodules fetched
+	in parallel. A value of 0 will give some reasonable default.
+	If unset, it defaults to 1.
+
+tag.forceSignAnnotated::
+	A boolean to specify whether annotated tags created should be GPG signed.
+	If `--annotate` is specified on the command line, it takes
+	precedence over this option.
+
+tag.sort::
+	This variable controls the sort ordering of tags when displayed by
+	linkgit:git-tag[1]. Without the "--sort=<value>" option provided, the
+	value of this variable will be used as the default.
 
 tar.umask::
 	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
@@ -1900,18 +2828,92 @@ transfer.fsckObjects::
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	Defaults to false.
 
+transfer.hideRefs::
+	String(s) `receive-pack` and `upload-pack` use to decide which
+	refs to omit from their initial advertisements.  Use more than
+	one definition to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that is
+	under the hierarchies listed in the value of this variable is
+	excluded, and is hidden when responding to `git push` or `git
+	fetch`.  See `receive.hideRefs` and `uploadpack.hideRefs` for
+	program-specific versions of this config.
++
+You may also include a `!` in front of the ref name to negate the entry,
+explicitly exposing it, even if an earlier entry marked it as hidden.
+If you have multiple hideRefs values, later entries override earlier ones
+(and entries in more-specific config files override less-specific ones).
++
+If a namespace is in use, the namespace prefix is stripped from each
+reference before it is matched against `transfer.hiderefs` patterns.
+For example, if `refs/heads/master` is specified in `transfer.hideRefs` and
+the current namespace is `foo`, then `refs/namespaces/foo/refs/heads/master`
+is omitted from the advertisements but `refs/heads/master` and
+`refs/namespaces/bar/refs/heads/master` are still advertised as so-called
+"have" lines. In order to match refs before stripping, add a `^` in front of
+the ref name. If you combine `!` and `^`, `!` must be specified first.
+
 transfer.unpackLimit::
 	When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	The default value is 100.
 
+uploadarchive.allowUnreachable::
+	If true, allow clients to use `git archive --remote` to request
+	any tree, whether reachable from the ref tips or not. See the
+	discussion in the `SECURITY` section of
+	linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for more details. Defaults to
+	`false`.
+
+uploadpack.hideRefs::
+	This variable is the same as `transfer.hideRefs`, but applies
+	only to `upload-pack` (and so affects only fetches, not pushes).
+	An attempt to fetch a hidden ref by `git fetch` will fail.  See
+	also `uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant`.
+
+uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant::
+	When `uploadpack.hideRefs` is in effect, allow `upload-pack`
+	to accept a fetch request that asks for an object at the tip
+	of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected).
+	see also `uploadpack.hideRefs`.
+
+uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant::
+	Allow `upload-pack` to accept a fetch request that asks for an
+	object that is reachable from any ref tip. However, note that
+	calculating object reachability is computationally expensive.
+	Defaults to `false`.
+
+uploadpack.keepAlive::
+	When `upload-pack` has started `pack-objects`, there may be a
+	quiet period while `pack-objects` prepares the pack. Normally
+	it would output progress information, but if `--quiet` was used
+	for the fetch, `pack-objects` will output nothing at all until
+	the pack data begins. Some clients and networks may consider
+	the server to be hung and give up. Setting this option instructs
+	`upload-pack` to send an empty keepalive packet every
+	`uploadpack.keepAlive` seconds. Setting this option to 0
+	disables keepalive packets entirely. The default is 5 seconds.
+
+uploadpack.packObjectsHook::
+	If this option is set, when `upload-pack` would run
+	`git pack-objects` to create a packfile for a client, it will
+	run this shell command instead.  The `pack-objects` command and
+	arguments it _would_ have run (including the `git pack-objects`
+	at the beginning) are appended to the shell command. The stdin
+	and stdout of the hook are treated as if `pack-objects` itself
+	was run. I.e., `upload-pack` will feed input intended for
+	`pack-objects` to the hook, and expects a completed packfile on
+	stdout.
++
+Note that this configuration variable is ignored if it is seen in the
+repository-level config (this is a safety measure against fetching from
+untrusted repositories).
+
 url.<base>.insteadOf::
 	Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to
 	start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a
 	large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, and some users need to use different access
 	methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the
-	equivalent URLs and have git automatically rewrite the URL to
+	equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to
 	the best alternative for the particular user, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used.
@@ -1922,29 +2924,51 @@ url.<base>.pushInsteadOf::
 	resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves
 	a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature
-	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have git
+	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git
 	automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is
-	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, git will ignore this
+	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this
 	setting for that remote.
 
 user.email::
 	Your email address to be recorded in any newly created commits.
-	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL', 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL', and
-	'EMAIL' environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`, `GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`, and
+	`EMAIL` environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
 user.name::
 	Your full name to be recorded in any newly created commits.
-	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME' and 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_AUTHOR_NAME` and `GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`
 	environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
-user.signingkey::
-	If linkgit:git-tag[1] is not selecting the key you want it to
-	automatically when creating a signed tag, you can override the
-	default selection with this variable.  This option is passed
-	unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter, so you may specify a key
-	using any method that gpg supports.
+user.useConfigOnly::
+	Instruct Git to avoid trying to guess defaults for `user.email`
+	and `user.name`, and instead retrieve the values only from the
+	configuration. For example, if you have multiple email addresses
+	and would like to use a different one for each repository, then
+	with this configuration option set to `true` in the global config
+	along with a name, Git will prompt you to set up an email before
+	making new commits in a newly cloned repository.
+	Defaults to `false`.
+
+user.signingKey::
+	If linkgit:git-tag[1] or linkgit:git-commit[1] is not selecting the
+	key you want it to automatically when creating a signed tag or
+	commit, you can override the default selection with this variable.
+	This option is passed unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter,
+	so you may specify a key using any method that gpg supports.
+
+versionsort.prereleaseSuffix::
+	When version sort is used in linkgit:git-tag[1], prerelease
+	tags (e.g. "1.0-rc1") may appear after the main release
+	"1.0". By specifying the suffix "-rc" in this variable,
+	"1.0-rc1" will appear before "1.0".
++
+This variable can be specified multiple times, once per suffix. The
+order of suffixes in the config file determines the sorting order
+(e.g. if "-pre" appears before "-rc" in the config file then 1.0-preXX
+is sorted before 1.0-rcXX). The sorting order between different
+suffixes is undefined if they are in multiple config files.
 
 web.browser::
 	Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands.
diff --git a/Documentation/date-formats.txt b/Documentation/date-formats.txt
index c000f08a9d..35e8da2010 100644
--- a/Documentation/date-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/date-formats.txt
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 DATE FORMATS
 ------------
 
-The GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_DATE environment variables
+The `GIT_AUTHOR_DATE`, `GIT_COMMITTER_DATE` environment variables
 ifdef::git-commit[]
 and the `--date` option
 endif::git-commit[]
 support the following date formats:
 
 Git internal format::
-	It is `<unix timestamp> <timezone offset>`, where `<unix
+	It is `<unix timestamp> <time zone offset>`, where `<unix
 	timestamp>` is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.
-	`<timezone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
+	`<time zone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
 	For example CET (which is 2 hours ahead UTC) is `+0200`.
 
 RFC 2822::
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
index 1aed79e7dc..f1101c7b21 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-diff.autorefreshindex::
+diff.autoRefreshIndex::
 	When using 'git diff' to compare with work tree
 	files, do not consider stat-only change as changed.
 	Instead, silently run `git update-index --refresh` to
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
 and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
 `files,10,cumulative`.
 
+diff.statGraphWidth::
+	Limit the width of the graph part in --stat output. If set, applies
+	to all commands generating --stat output except format-patch.
+
+diff.context::
+	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the default
+	of 3. This value is overridden by the -U option.
+
 diff.external::
 	If this config variable is set, diff generation is not
 	performed using the internal diff machinery, but using the
@@ -65,9 +73,13 @@ diff.ignoreSubmodules::
 	Sets the default value of --ignore-submodules. Note that this
 	affects only 'git diff' Porcelain, and not lower level 'diff'
 	commands such as 'git diff-files'. 'git checkout' also honors
-	this setting when reporting uncommitted changes.
+	this setting when reporting uncommitted changes. Setting it to
+	'all' disables the submodule summary normally shown by 'git commit'
+	and 'git status' when `status.submoduleSummary` is set unless it is
+	overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command-line option.
+	The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting.
 
-diff.mnemonicprefix::
+diff.mnemonicPrefix::
 	If set, 'git diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the
 	standard "a/" and "b/" depending on what is being compared.  When
 	this configuration is in effect, reverse diff output also swaps
@@ -86,19 +98,41 @@ diff.mnemonicprefix::
 diff.noprefix::
 	If set, 'git diff' does not show any source or destination prefix.
 
+diff.orderFile::
+	File indicating how to order files within a diff, using
+	one shell glob pattern per line.
+	Can be overridden by the '-O' option to linkgit:git-diff[1].
+
 diff.renameLimit::
 	The number of files to consider when performing the copy/rename
 	detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'.
 
 diff.renames::
-	Tells git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
-	will enable basic rename detection.  If set to "copies" or
-	"copy", it will detect copies, as well.
+	Whether and how Git detects renames.  If set to "false",
+	rename detection is disabled. If set to "true", basic rename
+	detection is enabled.  If set to "copies" or "copy", Git will
+	detect copies, as well.  Defaults to true.  Note that this
+	affects only 'git diff' Porcelain like linkgit:git-diff[1] and
+	linkgit:git-log[1], and not lower level commands such as
+	linkgit:git-diff-files[1].
 
 diff.suppressBlankEmpty::
 	A boolean to inhibit the standard behavior of printing a space
 	before each empty output line. Defaults to false.
 
+diff.submodule::
+	Specify the format in which differences in submodules are
+	shown.  The "log" format lists the commits in the range like
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.  The "short" format
+	format just shows the names of the commits at the beginning
+	and end of the range.  Defaults to short.
+
+diff.wordRegex::
+	A POSIX Extended Regular Expression used to determine what is a "word"
+	when performing word-by-word difference calculations.  Character
+	sequences that match the regular expression are "words", all other
+	characters are *ignorable* whitespace.
+
 diff.<driver>.command::
 	The custom diff driver command.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5]
 	for details.
@@ -118,7 +152,7 @@ diff.<driver>.textconv::
 	conversion is used to generate a human-readable diff.  See
 	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
-diff.<driver>.wordregex::
+diff.<driver>.wordRegex::
 	The regular expression that the diff driver should use to
 	split words in a line.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for
 	details.
@@ -128,9 +162,32 @@ diff.<driver>.cachetextconv::
 	conversion outputs.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 diff.tool::
-	The diff tool to be used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].  This
-	option overrides `merge.tool`, and has the same valid built-in
-	values as `merge.tool` minus "tortoisemerge" and plus
-	"kompare".  Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool,
-	and there must be a corresponding `difftool.<tool>.cmd`
-	option.
+	Controls which diff tool is used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].
+	This variable overrides the value configured in `merge.tool`.
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool and requires
+	that a corresponding difftool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-diff.txt[]
+
+diff.compactionHeuristic::
+	Set this option to `true` to enable an experimental heuristic that
+	shifts the hunk boundary in an attempt to make the resulting
+	patch easier to read.
+
+diff.algorithm::
+	Choose a diff algorithm.  The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-format.txt b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
index 15c7e794f4..85b08909ce 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ be committed)
 
 Status letters C and R are always followed by a score (denoting the
 percentage of similarity between the source and target of the move or
-copy), and are the only ones to be so.
+copy).  Status letter M may be followed by a score (denoting the
+percentage of dissimilarity) for file rewrites.
 
 <sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
 and it is out of sync with the index.
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
index c57460c03d..c91afee21c 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ with a '-p' option, "git diff" without the '--raw' option, or
 "git log" with the "-p" option, they
 do not produce the output described above; instead they produce a
 patch file.  You can customize the creation of such patches via the
-GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and the GIT_DIFF_OPTS environment variables.
+`GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` and the `GIT_DIFF_OPTS` environment variables.
 
 What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional
 diff format:
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ combined diff format
 Any diff-generating command can take the `-c` or `--cc` option to
 produce a 'combined diff' when showing a merge. This is the default
 format when showing merges with linkgit:git-diff[1] or
-linkgit:git-show[1]. Note also that you can give the `-m' option to any
+linkgit:git-show[1]. Note also that you can give the `-m` option to any
 of these commands to force generation of diffs with individual parents
 of a merge.
 
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ added, from the point of view of that parent).
 In the above example output, the function signature was changed
 from both files (hence two `-` removals from both file1 and
 file2, plus `++` to mean one line that was added does not appear
-in either file1 nor file2).  Also eight other lines are the same
-from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `{plus}`).
+in either file1 or file2).  Also eight other lines are the same
+from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `+`).
 
 When shown by `git diff-tree -c`, it compares the parents of a
 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index 9f7cba2be6..d9ae681d8f 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,14 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 -u::
 --patch::
 	Generate patch (see section on generating patches).
-	{git-diff? This is the default.}
+ifdef::git-diff[]
+	This is the default.
+endif::git-diff[]
+
+-s::
+--no-patch::
+	Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like `git show` that
+	show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of `--patch`.
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 -U<n>::
@@ -36,8 +43,19 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 --raw::
-	Generate the raw format.
-	{git-diff-core? This is the default.}
+ifndef::git-log[]
+	Generate the diff in raw format.
+ifdef::git-diff-core[]
+	This is the default.
+endif::git-diff-core[]
+endif::git-log[]
+ifdef::git-log[]
+	For each commit, show a summary of changes using the raw diff
+	format. See the "RAW OUTPUT FORMAT" section of
+	linkgit:git-diff[1]. This is different from showing the log
+	itself in raw format, which you can achieve with
+	`--format=raw`.
+endif::git-log[]
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 ifndef::git-format-patch[]
@@ -45,6 +63,13 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	Synonym for `-p --raw`.
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
+--compaction-heuristic::
+--no-compaction-heuristic::
+	These are to help debugging and tuning an experimental
+	heuristic (which is off by default) that shifts the hunk
+	boundary in an attempt to make the resulting patch easier
+	to read.
+
 --minimal::
 	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
 	diff is produced.
@@ -52,20 +77,49 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 --patience::
 	Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
 
+--histogram::
+	Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
+
+--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}::
+	Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
+For instance, if you configured diff.algorithm variable to a
+non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
+have to use `--diff-algorithm=default` option.
+
 --stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]::
-	Generate a diffstat.  You can override the default
-	output width for 80-column terminal by `--stat=<width>`.
-	The width of the filename part can be controlled by
-	giving another width to it separated by a comma.
+	Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
+	will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
+	part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
+	if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
+	`<width>`. The width of the filename part can be limited by
+	giving another width `<name-width>` after a comma. The width
+	of the graph part can be limited by using
+	`--stat-graph-width=<width>` (affects all commands generating
+	a stat graph) or by setting `diff.statGraphWidth=<width>`
+	(does not affect `git format-patch`).
 	By giving a third parameter `<count>`, you can limit the
-	output to the first `<count>` lines, followed by
-	`...` if there are more.
+	output to the first `<count>` lines, followed by `...` if
+	there are more.
 +
 These parameters can also be set individually with `--stat-width=<width>`,
 `--stat-name-width=<name-width>` and `--stat-count=<count>`.
 
 --numstat::
-	Similar to `\--stat`, but shows number of added and
+	Similar to `--stat`, but shows number of added and
 	deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
 	abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly.  For
 	binary files, outputs two `-` instead of saying
@@ -156,16 +210,18 @@ any of those replacements occurred.
 	of the `--diff-filter` option on what the status letters mean.
 
 --submodule[=<format>]::
-	Chose the output format for submodule differences. <format> can be one of
-	'short' and 'log'. 'short' just shows pairs of commit names, this format
-	is used when this option is not given. 'log' is the default value for this
-	option and lists the commits in that commit range like the 'summary'
-	option of linkgit:git-submodule[1] does.
+	Specify how differences in submodules are shown.  When `--submodule`
+	or `--submodule=log` is given, the 'log' format is used.  This format lists
+	the commits in the range like linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.
+	Omitting the `--submodule` option or specifying `--submodule=short`,
+	uses the 'short' format. This format just shows the names of the commits
+	at the beginning and end of the range.  Can be tweaked via the
+	`diff.submodule` configuration variable.
 
 --color[=<when>]::
 	Show colored diff.
-	The value must be `always` (the default for `<when>`), `never`, or `auto`.
-	The default value is `never`.
+	`--color` (i.e. without '=<when>') is the same as `--color=always`.
+	'<when>' can be one of `always`, `never`, or `auto`.
 ifdef::git-diff[]
 	It can be changed by the `color.ui` and `color.diff`
 	configuration settings.
@@ -218,8 +274,11 @@ expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters.
 A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the
 newline.
 +
+For example, `--word-diff-regex=.` will treat each character as a word
+and, correspondingly, show differences character by character.
++
 The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
-linkgit:gitattributes[1] or linkgit:git-config[1].  Giving it explicitly
+linkgit:gitattributes[5] or linkgit:git-config[1].  Giving it explicitly
 overrides any diff driver or configuration setting.  Diff drivers
 override configuration settings.
 
@@ -234,14 +293,24 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 --check::
-	Warn if changes introduce whitespace errors.  What are
-	considered whitespace errors is controlled by `core.whitespace`
+	Warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors.
+	What are considered whitespace errors is controlled by `core.whitespace`
 	configuration.  By default, trailing whitespaces (including
 	lines that solely consist of whitespaces) and a space character
 	that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the
 	initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors.
 	Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible
 	with --exit-code.
+
+--ws-error-highlight=<kind>::
+	Highlight whitespace errors on lines specified by <kind>
+	in the color specified by `color.diff.whitespace`.  <kind>
+	is a comma separated list of `old`, `new`, `context`.  When
+	this option is not given, only whitespace errors in `new`
+	lines are highlighted.  E.g. `--ws-error-highlight=new,old`
+	highlights whitespace errors on both deleted and added lines.
+	`all` can be used as a short-hand for `old,new,context`.
+
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 --full-index::
@@ -272,7 +341,7 @@ few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
 single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
 everything new, and the number `m` controls this aspect of the -B
 option (defaults to 60%). `-B/70%` specifies that less than 30% of the
-original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total
+original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
 rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
 deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).
 +
@@ -296,9 +365,13 @@ ifdef::git-log[]
 endif::git-log[]
 	If `n` is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
 	index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
-	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means git should consider a
+	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means Git should consider a
 	delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
-	hasn't changed.
+	hasn't changed.  Without a `%` sign, the number is to be read as
+	a fraction, with a decimal point before it.  I.e., `-M5` becomes
+	0.5, and is thus the same as `-M50%`.  Similarly, `-M05` is
+	the same as `-M5%`.  To limit detection to exact renames, use
+	`-M100%`.  The default similarity index is 50%.
 
 -C[<n>]::
 --find-copies[=<n>]::
@@ -318,7 +391,7 @@ endif::git-log[]
 --irreversible-delete::
 	Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not
 	the diff between the preimage and `/dev/null`. The resulting patch
-	is not meant to be applied with `patch` nor `git apply`; this is
+	is not meant to be applied with `patch` or `git apply`; this is
 	solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the
 	text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lack
 	enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually,
@@ -348,14 +421,36 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
 
 -S<string>::
-	Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
-	<string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
-	appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in
-	linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.
+	Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
+	the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file.
+	Intended for the scripter's use.
++
+It is useful when you're looking for an exact block of code (like a
+struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first
+came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting
+block in the preimage back into `-S`, and keep going until you get the
+very first version of the block.
 
 -G<regex>::
-	Look for differences whose added or removed line matches
-	the given <regex>.
+	Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed
+	lines that match <regex>.
++
+To illustrate the difference between `-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex` and
+`-G<regex>`, consider a commit with the following diff in the same
+file:
++
+----
++    return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+...
+-    hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+----
++
+While `git log -G"regexec\(regexp"` will show this commit, `git log
+-S"regexec\(regexp" --pickaxe-regex` will not (because the number of
+occurrences of that string did not change).
++
+See the 'pickaxe' entry in linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more
+information.
 
 --pickaxe-all::
 	When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that
@@ -363,13 +458,16 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	in <string>.
 
 --pickaxe-regex::
-	Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
-	regex to match.
+	Treat the <string> given to `-S` as an extended POSIX regular
+	expression to match.
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 -O<orderfile>::
 	Output the patch in the order specified in the
 	<orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
+	This overrides the `diff.orderFile` configuration variable
+	(see linkgit:git-config[1]).  To cancel `diff.orderFile`,
+	use `-O/dev/null`.
 
 ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 -R::
@@ -404,6 +502,9 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 	differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
 	line has none.
 
+--ignore-blank-lines::
+	Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
+
 --inter-hunk-context=<lines>::
 	Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
 	of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
@@ -445,7 +546,7 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 --ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
 	Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
-	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default
+	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
 	Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
 	untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
 	in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txto b/Documentation/everyday.txto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae555bd47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/everyday.txto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So
+===================================
+
+This document has been moved to linkgit:giteveryday[7].
+
+Please let the owners of the referring site know so that they can update the
+link you clicked to get here.
+
+Thanks.
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 39d326abc6..b05a8341e8 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,25 @@
 	option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten.
 
 --depth=<depth>::
-	Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
-	`git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1])
-	by the specified number of commits.
+	Limit fetching to the specified number of commits from the tip of
+	each remote branch history. If fetching to a 'shallow' repository
+	created by `git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see
+	linkgit:git-clone[1]), deepen or shorten the history to the specified
+	number of commits. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.
+
+--unshallow::
+	If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow
+	repository to a complete one, removing all the limitations
+	imposed by shallow repositories.
++
+If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that
+the current repository has the same history as the source repository.
+
+--update-shallow::
+	By default when fetching from a shallow repository,
+	`git fetch` refuses refs that require updating
+	.git/shallow. This option updates .git/shallow and accept such
+	refs.
 
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 --dry-run::
@@ -36,34 +52,43 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 
 -p::
 --prune::
-	After fetching, remove any remote-tracking branches which
-	no longer exist	on the remote.
+	Before fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no
+	longer exist on the remote.  Tags are not subject to pruning
+	if they are fetched only because of the default tag
+	auto-following or due to a --tags option.  However, if tags
+	are fetched due to an explicit refspec (either on the command
+	line or in the remote configuration, for example if the remote
+	was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also
+	subject to pruning.
 endif::git-pull[]
 
-ifdef::git-pull[]
---no-tags::
-endif::git-pull[]
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 -n::
---no-tags::
 endif::git-pull[]
+--no-tags::
 	By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded
 	from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally.
 	This option disables this automatic tag following. The default
-	behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagopt
+	behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagOpt
 	setting. See linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 ifndef::git-pull[]
+--refmap=<refspec>::
+	When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the
+	specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the
+	refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of
+	`remote.*.fetch` configuration variables for the remote
+	repository.  See section on "Configured Remote-tracking
+	Branches" for details.
+
 -t::
 --tags::
-	Most of the tags are fetched automatically as branch
-	heads are downloaded, but tags that do not point at
-	objects reachable from the branch heads that are being
-	tracked will not be fetched by this mechanism.  This
-	flag lets all tags and their associated objects be
-	downloaded. The default behavior for a remote may be
-	specified with the remote.<name>.tagopt setting. See
-	linkgit:git-config[1].
+	Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags
+	`refs/tags/*` into local tags with the same name), in addition
+	to whatever else would otherwise be fetched.  Using this
+	option alone does not subject tags to pruning, even if --prune
+	is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the
+	destination of an explicit refspec; see '--prune').
 
 --recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
 	This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of
@@ -76,6 +101,13 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 	reference to a commit that isn't already in the local submodule
 	clone.
 
+-j::
+--jobs=<n>::
+	Number of parallel children to be used for fetching submodules.
+	Each will fetch from different submodules, such that fetching many
+	submodules will be faster. By default submodules will be fetched
+	one at a time.
+
 --no-recurse-submodules::
 	Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
 	using the '--recurse-submodules=no' option).
@@ -126,3 +158,11 @@ endif::git-pull[]
 	by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
 	is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
 	standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
+
+-4::
+--ipv4::
+	Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.
+
+-6::
+--ipv6::
+	Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.
diff --git a/Documentation/fmt-merge-msg-config.txt b/Documentation/fmt-merge-msg-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c73cfa90b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fmt-merge-msg-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+merge.branchdesc::
+	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with
+	the branch description text associated with them.  Defaults
+	to false.
+
+merge.log::
+	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with at
+	most the specified number of one-line descriptions from the
+	actual commits that are being merged.  Defaults to false, and
+	true is a synonym for 20.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt
index 9c1d395722..6a96a669c2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-add.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ git-add - Add file contents to the index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git add' [-n] [-v] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
-	  [--edit | -e] [--all | [--update | -u]] [--intent-to-add | -N]
-	  [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--]
-	  [<filepattern>...]
+'git add' [--verbose | -v] [--dry-run | -n] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
+	  [--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]]
+	  [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing]
+	  [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ remove paths that do not exist in the working tree anymore.
 
 The "index" holds a snapshot of the content of the working tree, and it
 is this snapshot that is taken as the contents of the next commit.  Thus
-after making any changes to the working directory, and before running
+after making any changes to the working tree, and before running
 the commit command, you must use the `add` command to add any new or
 modified files to the index.
 
@@ -49,12 +49,18 @@ commit.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<filepattern>...::
+<pathspec>...::
 	Files to add content from.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can
 	be given to add all matching files.  Also a
 	leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to add `dir/file1`
-	and `dir/file2`) can be given to add all files in the
-	directory, recursively.
+	and `dir/file2`) can be given to update the index to
+	match the current state of the directory as a whole (e.g.
+	specifying `dir` will record not just a file `dir/file1`
+	modified in the working tree, a file `dir/file2` added to
+	the working tree, but also a file `dir/file3` removed from
+	the working tree.  Note that older versions of Git used
+	to ignore removed files; use `--no-all` option if you want
+	to add modified or new files but ignore removed	ones.
 
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -87,7 +93,8 @@ This effectively runs `add --interactive`, but bypasses the
 initial command menu and directly jumps to the `patch` subcommand.
 See ``Interactive mode'' for details.
 
--e, \--edit::
+-e::
+--edit::
 	Open the diff vs. the index in an editor and let the user
 	edit it.  After the editor was closed, adjust the hunk headers
 	and apply the patch to the index.
@@ -100,23 +107,38 @@ apply to the index. See EDITING PATCHES below.
 
 -u::
 --update::
-	Only match <filepattern> against already tracked files in
-	the index rather than the working tree. That means that it
-	will never stage new files, but that it will stage modified
-	new contents of tracked files and that it will remove files
-	from the index if the corresponding files in the working tree
-	have been removed.
+	Update the index just where it already has an entry matching
+	<pathspec>.  This removes as well as modifies index entries to
+	match the working tree, but adds no new files.
 +
-If no <filepattern> is given, default to "."; in other words,
-update all tracked files in the current directory and its
-subdirectories.
+If no <pathspec> is given when `-u` option is used, all
+tracked files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions
+of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its
+subdirectories).
 
 -A::
 --all::
-	Like `-u`, but match <filepattern> against files in the
-	working tree in addition to the index. That means that it
-	will find new files as well as staging modified content and
-	removing files that are no longer in the working tree.
+--no-ignore-removal::
+	Update the index not only where the working tree has a file
+	matching <pathspec> but also where the index already has an
+	entry.	This adds, modifies, and removes index entries to
+	match the working tree.
++
+If no <pathspec> is given when `-A` option is used, all
+files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions
+of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its
+subdirectories).
+
+--no-all::
+--ignore-removal::
+	Update the index by adding new files that are unknown to the
+	index and files modified in the working tree, but ignore
+	files that have been removed from the working tree.  This
+	option is a no-op when no <pathspec> is used.
++
+This option is primarily to help users who are used to older
+versions of Git, whose "git add <pathspec>..." was a synonym
+for "git add --no-all <pathspec>...", i.e. ignored removed files.
 
 -N::
 --intent-to-add::
@@ -152,10 +174,10 @@ subdirectories.
 Configuration
 -------------
 
-The optional configuration variable `core.excludesfile` indicates a path to a
+The optional configuration variable `core.excludesFile` indicates a path to a
 file containing patterns of file names to exclude from git-add, similar to
 $GIT_DIR/info/exclude.  Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
-those in info/exclude.  See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5].
+those in info/exclude.  See linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
 
 EXAMPLES
@@ -279,9 +301,9 @@ patch::
 
        y - stage this hunk
        n - do not stage this hunk
-       q - quit; do not stage this hunk nor any of the remaining ones
+       q - quit; do not stage this hunk or any of the remaining ones
        a - stage this hunk and all later hunks in the file
-       d - do not stage this hunk nor any of the later hunks in the file
+       d - do not stage this hunk or any of the later hunks in the file
        g - select a hunk to go to
        / - search for a hunk matching the given regex
        j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
@@ -296,7 +318,7 @@ After deciding the fate for all hunks, if there is any hunk
 that was chosen, the index is updated with the selected hunks.
 +
 You can omit having to type return here, by setting the configuration
-variable `interactive.singlekey` to `true`.
+variable `interactive.singleKey` to `true`.
 
 diff::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
index 887466d777..6348c29fea 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-am.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ git-am - Apply a series of patches from a mailbox
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--keep-cr | --no-keep-cr] [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
-	 [--3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date]
+'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--[no-]keep-cr] [--[no-]utf8]
+	 [--[no-]3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date]
 	 [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
 	 [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>]
-	 [--exclude=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
-	 [--scissors | --no-scissors]
+	 [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
+	 [--[no-]scissors] [-S[<keyid>]] [--patch-format=<format>]
 	 [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
 'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 
@@ -35,13 +35,16 @@ OPTIONS
 --signoff::
 	Add a `Signed-off-by:` line to the commit message, using
 	the committer identity of yourself.
+	See the signoff option in linkgit:git-commit[1] for more information.
 
 -k::
 --keep::
 	Pass `-k` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
 
---keep-cr::
---no-keep-cr::
+--keep-non-patch::
+	Pass `-b` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
+
+--[no-]keep-cr::
 	With `--keep-cr`, call 'git mailsplit' (see linkgit:git-mailsplit[1])
 	with the same option, to prevent it from stripping CR at the end of
 	lines. `am.keepcr` configuration variable can be used to specify the
@@ -50,11 +53,23 @@ OPTIONS
 -c::
 --scissors::
 	Remove everything in body before a scissors line (see
-	linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
+	linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]). Can be activated by default using
+	the `mailinfo.scissors` configuration variable.
 
 --no-scissors::
 	Ignore scissors lines (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
 
+-m::
+--message-id::
+	Pass the `-m` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]),
+	so that the Message-ID header is added to the commit message.
+	The `am.messageid` configuration variable can be used to specify
+	the default behaviour.
+
+--no-message-id::
+	Do not add the Message-ID header to the commit message.
+	`no-message-id` is useful to override `am.messageid`.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Be quiet. Only print error messages.
@@ -76,12 +91,14 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 
 -3::
 --3way::
+--no-3way::
 	When the patch does not apply cleanly, fall back on
 	3-way merge if the patch records the identity of blobs
 	it is supposed to apply to and we have those blobs
-	available locally.
+	available locally. `--no-3way` can be used to override
+	am.threeWay configuration variable. For more information,
+	see am.threeWay in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
---ignore-date::
 --ignore-space-change::
 --ignore-whitespace::
 --whitespace=<option>::
@@ -89,11 +106,19 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 -p<n>::
 --directory=<dir>::
 --exclude=<path>::
+--include=<path>::
 --reject::
 	These flags are passed to the 'git apply' (see linkgit:git-apply[1])
 	program that applies
 	the patch.
 
+--patch-format::
+	By default the command will try to detect the patch format
+	automatically. This option allows the user to bypass the automatic
+	detection and specify the patch format that the patch(es) should be
+	interpreted as. Valid formats are mbox, mboxrd,
+	stgit, stgit-series and hg.
+
 -i::
 --interactive::
 	Run interactively.
@@ -116,6 +141,12 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 	Skip the current patch.  This is only meaningful when
 	restarting an aborted patch.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
+	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
+	stuck to the option without a space.
+
 --continue::
 -r::
 --resolved::
@@ -129,7 +160,7 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 --resolvemsg=<msg>::
 	When a patch failure occurs, <msg> will be printed
 	to the screen before exiting.  This overrides the
-	standard message informing you to use `--resolved`
+	standard message informing you to use `--continue`
 	or `--skip` to handle the failure.  This is solely
 	for internal use between 'git rebase' and 'git am'.
 
@@ -173,7 +204,7 @@ aborts in the middle.  You can recover from this in one of two ways:
 
 . hand resolve the conflict in the working directory, and update
   the index file to bring it into a state that the patch should
-  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--resolved' option.
+  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--continue' option.
 
 The command refuses to process new mailboxes until the current
 operation is finished, so if you decide to start over from scratch,
@@ -186,6 +217,11 @@ commits, like running 'git am' on the wrong branch or an error in the
 commits that is more easily fixed by changing the mailbox (e.g.
 errors in the "From:" lines).
 
+HOOKS
+-----
+This command can run `applypatch-msg`, `pre-applypatch`,
+and `post-applypatch` hooks.  See linkgit:githooks[5] for more
+information.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
index afd2c9ae59..8ddb207409 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
@@ -9,22 +9,24 @@ git-apply - Apply a patch to files and/or to the index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index]
+'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] [--3way]
 	  [--apply] [--no-add] [--build-fake-ancestor=<file>] [-R | --reverse]
 	  [--allow-binary-replacement | --binary] [--reject] [-z]
 	  [-p<n>] [-C<n>] [--inaccurate-eof] [--recount] [--cached]
-	  [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace ]
+	  [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
 	  [--whitespace=(nowarn|warn|fix|error|error-all)]
 	  [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--directory=<root>]
-	  [--verbose] [<patch>...]
+	  [--verbose] [--unsafe-paths] [<patch>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Reads the supplied diff output (i.e. "a patch") and applies it to files.
+When running from a subdirectory in a repository, patched paths
+outside the directory are ignored.
 With the `--index` option the patch is also applied to the index, and
 with the `--cached` option the patch is only applied to the index.
 Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files,
-and does not require them to be in a git repository.
+and does not require them to be in a Git repository.
 
 This command applies the patch but does not create a commit.  Use
 linkgit:git-am[1] to create commits from patches generated by
@@ -72,6 +74,15 @@ OPTIONS
 	cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index
 	without using the working tree. This implies `--index`.
 
+-3::
+--3way::
+	When the patch does not apply cleanly, fall back on 3-way merge if
+	the patch records the identity of blobs it is supposed to apply to,
+	and we have those blobs available locally, possibly leaving the
+	conflict markers in the files in the working tree for the user to
+	resolve.  This option implies the `--index` option, and is incompatible
+	with the `--reject` and the `--cached` options.
+
 --build-fake-ancestor=<file>::
 	Newer 'git diff' output has embedded 'index information'
 	for each blob to help identify the original version that
@@ -189,7 +200,7 @@ behavior:
 * `fix` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and applies the
   patch after fixing them (`strip` is a synonym --- the tool
   used to consider only trailing whitespace characters as errors, and the
-  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern gits do more).
+  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern Gits do more).
 * `error` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and refuses
   to apply the patch.
 * `error-all` is similar to `error` but shows all errors.
@@ -220,10 +231,20 @@ For example, a patch that talks about updating `a/git-gui.sh` to `b/git-gui.sh`
 can be applied to the file in the working tree `modules/git-gui/git-gui.sh` by
 running `git apply --directory=modules/git-gui`.
 
+--unsafe-paths::
+	By default, a patch that affects outside the working area
+	(either a Git controlled working tree, or the current working
+	directory when "git apply" is used as a replacement of GNU
+	patch) is rejected as a mistake (or a mischief).
++
+When `git apply` is used as a "better GNU patch", the user can pass
+the `--unsafe-paths` option to override this safety check.  This option
+has no effect when `--index` or `--cached` is in use.
+
 Configuration
 -------------
 
-apply.ignorewhitespace::
+apply.ignoreWhitespace::
 	Set to 'change' if you want changes in whitespace to be ignored by default.
 	Set to one of: no, none, never, false if you want changes in
 	whitespace to be significant.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
index f4504ba9bf..163b9f6f41 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-archimport(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into git
+git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into Git
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ directory. To follow the development of a project that uses Arch, rerun
 incremental imports.
 
 While 'git archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the
-archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names
-manually.  To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch>
+archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify Git branch names
+manually.  To do so, write a Git branch name after each <archive/branch>
 parameter, separated by a colon.  This way, you can shorten the Arch
-branch names and convert Arch jargon to git jargon, for example mapping a
+branch names and convert Arch jargon to Git jargon, for example mapping a
 "PROJECT{litdd}devo{litdd}VERSION" branch to "master".
 
-Associating multiple Arch branches to one git branch is possible; the
+Associating multiple Arch branches to one Git branch is possible; the
 result will make the most sense only if no commits are made to the first
 branch, after the second branch is created.  Still, this is useful to
 convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
 
 MERGES
 ------
-Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in git as well. git
+Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in Git as well. Git
 does not care much about tracking patches, and only considers a merge when a
 branch incorporates all the commits since the point they forked. The end result
-is that git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
+is that Git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
 import process does lose some patch-trading metadata.
 
 Fortunately, when you try and merge branches imported from Arch,
-git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
+Git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
 patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
index ac7006e640..cfa1e4ebe4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git archive' [--format=<fmt>] [--list] [--prefix=<prefix>/] [<extra>]
-	      [-o | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
+	      [-o <file> | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
 	      [--remote=<repo> [--exec=<git-upload-archive>]] <tree-ish>
 	      [<path>...]
 
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	Write the archive to <file> instead of stdout.
 
 --worktree-attributes::
-	Look for attributes in .gitattributes in working directory too.
+	Look for attributes in .gitattributes files in the working tree
+	as well (see <<ATTRIBUTES>>).
 
 <extra>::
 	This can be any options that the archiver backend understands.
@@ -64,7 +65,10 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --remote=<repo>::
 	Instead of making a tar archive from the local repository,
-	retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository.
+	retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository. Note that the
+	remote repository may place restrictions on which sha1
+	expressions may be allowed in `<tree-ish>`. See
+	linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for details.
 
 --exec=<git-upload-archive>::
 	Used with --remote to specify the path to the
@@ -120,6 +124,7 @@ tar.<format>.remote::
 	user-defined formats, but true for the "tar.gz" and "tgz"
 	formats.
 
+[[ATTRIBUTES]]
 ATTRIBUTES
 ----------
 
@@ -128,7 +133,7 @@ export-ignore::
 	added to archive files.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 export-subst::
-	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then git will
+	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then Git will
 	expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.
 	See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
@@ -160,7 +165,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 
 	Same as above, but the format is inferred from the output file.
 
-`git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0{caret}\{tree\} | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`::
+`git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0^{tree} | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`::
 
 	Create a compressed tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a
 	global extended pax header.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
index 8a2ba37904..e015f5b3cc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ developed and maintained during years or even tens of years by a lot
 of people. And as there are often many people who depend (sometimes
 critically) on such software, regressions are a really big problem.
 
-One such software is the linux kernel. And if we look at the linux
+One such software is the Linux kernel. And if we look at the Linux
 kernel, we can see that a lot of time and effort is spent to fight
 regressions. The release cycle start with a 2 weeks long merge
 window. Then the first release candidate (rc) version is tagged. And
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ regressions. And this time is more than 80% of the release cycle
 time. But this is not the end of the fight yet, as of course it
 continues after the release.
 
-And then this is what Ingo Molnar (a well known linux kernel
+And then this is what Ingo Molnar (a well known Linux kernel
 developer) says about his use of git bisect:
 
 _____________
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Note that the example that we will use is really a toy example, we
 will be looking for the first commit that has a version like
 "2.6.26-something", that is the commit that has a "SUBLEVEL = 26" line
 in the top level Makefile. This is a toy example because there are
-better ways to find this commit with git than using "git bisect" (for
+better ways to find this commit with Git than using "git bisect" (for
 example "git blame" or "git log -S<string>").
 
 Driving a bisection manually
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Date:   Sat May 3 11:59:44 2008 -0700
 
     Linux 2.6.26-rc1
 
-:100644 100644 5cf8258195331a4dbdddff08b8d68642638eea57 4492984efc09ab72ff6219a7bc21fb6a957c4cd5 M      Makefile
+:100644 100644 5cf82581... 4492984e... M      Makefile
 -------------
 
 At this point we can see what the commit does, check it out (if it's
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Date:   Sat May 3 11:59:44 2008 -0700
 
     Linux 2.6.26-rc1
 
-:100644 100644 5cf8258195331a4dbdddff08b8d68642638eea57 4492984efc09ab72ff6219a7bc21fb6a957c4cd5 M      Makefile
+:100644 100644 5cf82581... 4492984e... M      Makefile
 bisect run success
 -------------
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ skip" to do the same thing. (In fact the special exit code 125 makes
 
 Or if you want more control, you can inspect the current state using
 for example "git bisect visualize". It will launch gitk (or "git log"
-if the DISPLAY environment variable is not set) to help you find a
+if the `DISPLAY` environment variable is not set) to help you find a
 better bisection point.
 
 Either way, if you have a string of untestable commits, it might
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ So only the W and B commits will be kept. Because commits X and Y will
 have been removed by rules a) and b) respectively, and because commits
 G are removed by rule b) too.
 
-Note for git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
+Note for Git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
 given by:
 
 -------------
@@ -710,8 +710,8 @@ Skip algorithm discussed
 After step 7) (in the skip algorithm), we could check if the second
 commit has been skipped and return it if it is not the case. And in
 fact that was the algorithm we used from when "git bisect skip" was
-developed in git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
-git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
+developed in Git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
+Git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
 
 But Ingo Molnar and H. Peter Anvin (another well known linux kernel
 developer) both complained that sometimes the best bisection points
@@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@ And here is what Andreas said about this work-flow <<5>>:
 _____________
 To give some hard figures, we used to have an average report-to-fix
 cycle of 142.6 hours (according to our somewhat weird bug-tracker
-which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to git, we've
+which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to Git, we've
 lowered that to 16.2 hours. Primarily because we can stay on top of
 the bug fixing now, and because everyone's jockeying to get to fix
-bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let git find the bugs
+bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let Git find the bugs
 for us). Each new release results in ~40% fewer bugs (almost certainly
 due to how we now feel about writing tests).
 _____________
@@ -1228,9 +1228,9 @@ commits in already released history, for example to change the commit
 message or the author. And it can also be used instead of git "grafts"
 to link a repository with another old repository.
 
-In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the git community, so
-it is now in the "master" branch of git's git repository and it should
-be released in git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
+In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the Git community, so
+it is now in the "master" branch of Git's Git repository and it should
+be released in Git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
 
 One problem with "git replace" is that currently it stores all the
 replacements refs in "refs/replace/", but it would be perhaps better
@@ -1320,11 +1320,11 @@ So git bisect is unconditional goodness - and feel free to quote that
 ;-)
 _____________
 
-Acknowledgements
-----------------
+Acknowledgments
+---------------
 
 Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for
-reviewing the patches I sent to the git mailing list, for discussing
+reviewing the patches I sent to the Git mailing list, for discussing
 some ideas and helping me improve them, for improving "git bisect" a
 lot and for his awesome work in maintaining and developing Git.
 
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ Many thanks to Linus Torvalds for inventing, developing and
 evangelizing "git bisect", Git and Linux.
 
 Many thanks to the many other great people who helped one way or
-another when I worked on git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
+another when I worked on Git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
 Schindelin, H. Peter Anvin, Daniel Barkalow, Bill Lear, John Hawley,
 Shawn O. Pierce, Jeff King, Sam Vilain, Jon Seymour.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
index e4f46bc18d..d9f960b509 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-bisect(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-bisect - Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug
+git-bisect - Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -16,68 +16,83 @@ DESCRIPTION
 The command takes various subcommands, and different options depending
 on the subcommand:
 
- git bisect help
- git bisect start [--no-checkout] [<bad> [<good>...]] [--] [<paths>...]
- git bisect bad [<rev>]
- git bisect good [<rev>...]
+ git bisect start [--term-{old,good}=<term> --term-{new,bad}=<term>]
+		  [--no-checkout] [<bad> [<good>...]] [--] [<paths>...]
+ git bisect (bad|new) [<rev>]
+ git bisect (good|old) [<rev>...]
+ git bisect terms [--term-good | --term-bad]
  git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...]
  git bisect reset [<commit>]
  git bisect visualize
  git bisect replay <logfile>
  git bisect log
  git bisect run <cmd>...
+ git bisect help
 
-This command uses 'git rev-list --bisect' to help drive the
-binary search process to find which change introduced a bug, given an
-old "good" commit object name and a later "bad" commit object name.
-
-Getting help
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Use "git bisect" to get a short usage description, and "git bisect
-help" or "git bisect -h" to get a long usage description.
+This command uses a binary search algorithm to find which commit in
+your project's history introduced a bug. You use it by first telling
+it a "bad" commit that is known to contain the bug, and a "good"
+commit that is known to be before the bug was introduced. Then `git
+bisect` picks a commit between those two endpoints and asks you
+whether the selected commit is "good" or "bad". It continues narrowing
+down the range until it finds the exact commit that introduced the
+change.
+
+In fact, `git bisect` can be used to find the commit that changed
+*any* property of your project; e.g., the commit that fixed a bug, or
+the commit that caused a benchmark's performance to improve. To
+support this more general usage, the terms "old" and "new" can be used
+in place of "good" and "bad", or you can choose your own terms. See
+section "Alternate terms" below for more information.
 
 Basic bisect commands: start, bad, good
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Using the Linux kernel tree as an example, basic use of the bisect
-command is as follows:
+As an example, suppose you are trying to find the commit that broke a
+feature that was known to work in version `v2.6.13-rc2` of your
+project. You start a bisect session as follows:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect start
 $ git bisect bad                 # Current version is bad
-$ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2    # v2.6.13-rc2 was the last version
-                                 # tested that was good
+$ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2    # v2.6.13-rc2 is known to be good
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Once you have specified at least one bad and one good commit, `git
+bisect` selects a commit in the middle of that range of history,
+checks it out, and outputs something similar to the following:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this (roughly 10 steps)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-When you have specified at least one bad and one good version, the
-command bisects the revision tree and outputs something similar to
-the following:
+You should now compile the checked-out version and test it. If that
+version works correctly, type
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this
+$ git bisect good
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-The state in the middle of the set of revisions is then checked out.
-You would now compile that kernel and boot it. If the booted kernel
-works correctly, you would then issue the following command:
+If that version is broken, type
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-$ git bisect good			# this one is good
+$ git bisect bad
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-The output of this command would be something similar to the following:
+Then `git bisect` will respond with something like
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this
+Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this (roughly 9 steps)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You keep repeating this process, compiling the tree, testing it, and
-depending on whether it is good or bad issuing the command "git bisect good"
-or "git bisect bad" to ask for the next bisection.
+Keep repeating the process: compile the tree, test it, and depending
+on whether it is good or bad run `git bisect good` or `git bisect bad`
+to ask for the next commit that needs testing.
+
+Eventually there will be no more revisions left to inspect, and the
+command will print out a description of the first bad commit. The
+reference `refs/bisect/bad` will be left pointing at that commit.
 
-Eventually there will be no more revisions left to bisect, and you
-will have been left with the first bad kernel revision in "refs/bisect/bad".
 
 Bisect reset
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -100,9 +115,83 @@ instead:
 $ git bisect reset <commit>
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-For example, `git bisect reset HEAD` will leave you on the current
-bisection commit and avoid switching commits at all, while `git bisect
-reset bisect/bad` will check out the first bad revision.
+For example, `git bisect reset bisect/bad` will check out the first
+bad revision, while `git bisect reset HEAD` will leave you on the
+current bisection commit and avoid switching commits at all.
+
+
+Alternate terms
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Sometimes you are not looking for the commit that introduced a
+breakage, but rather for a commit that caused a change between some
+other "old" state and "new" state. For example, you might be looking
+for the commit that introduced a particular fix. Or you might be
+looking for the first commit in which the source-code filenames were
+finally all converted to your company's naming standard. Or whatever.
+
+In such cases it can be very confusing to use the terms "good" and
+"bad" to refer to "the state before the change" and "the state after
+the change". So instead, you can use the terms "old" and "new",
+respectively, in place of "good" and "bad". (But note that you cannot
+mix "good" and "bad" with "old" and "new" in a single session.)
+
+In this more general usage, you provide `git bisect` with a "new"
+commit has some property and an "old" commit that doesn't have that
+property. Each time `git bisect` checks out a commit, you test if that
+commit has the property. If it does, mark the commit as "new";
+otherwise, mark it as "old". When the bisection is done, `git bisect`
+will report which commit introduced the property.
+
+To use "old" and "new" instead of "good" and bad, you must run `git
+bisect start` without commits as argument and then run the following
+commands to add the commits:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+git bisect old [<rev>]
+------------------------------------------------
+
+to indicate that a commit was before the sought change, or
+
+------------------------------------------------
+git bisect new [<rev>...]
+------------------------------------------------
+
+to indicate that it was after.
+
+To get a reminder of the currently used terms, use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+git bisect terms
+------------------------------------------------
+
+You can get just the old (respectively new) term with `git bisect term
+--term-old` or `git bisect term --term-good`.
+
+If you would like to use your own terms instead of "bad"/"good" or
+"new"/"old", you can choose any names you like (except existing bisect
+subcommands like `reset`, `start`, ...) by starting the
+bisection using
+
+------------------------------------------------
+git bisect start --term-old <term-old> --term-new <term-new>
+------------------------------------------------
+
+For example, if you are looking for a commit that introduced a
+performance regression, you might use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+git bisect start --term-old fast --term-new slow
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Or if you are looking for the commit that fixed a bug, you might use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+git bisect start --term-new fixed --term-old broken
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Then, use `git bisect <term-old>` and `git bisect <term-new>` instead
+of `git bisect good` and `git bisect bad` to mark commits.
 
 Bisect visualize
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -116,8 +205,8 @@ $ git bisect visualize
 
 `view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`.
 
-If the 'DISPLAY' environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used
-instead.  You can also give command line options such as `-p` and
+If the `DISPLAY` environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used
+instead.  You can also give command-line options such as `-p` and
 `--stat`.
 
 ------------
@@ -147,17 +236,17 @@ $ git bisect replay that-file
 Avoiding testing a commit
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-If, in the middle of a bisect session, you know that the next suggested
-revision is not a good one to test (e.g. the change the commit
-introduces is known not to work in your environment and you know it
-does not have anything to do with the bug you are chasing), you may
-want to find a nearby commit and try that instead.
+If, in the middle of a bisect session, you know that the suggested
+revision is not a good one to test (e.g. it fails to build and you
+know that the failure does not have anything to do with the bug you
+are chasing), you can manually select a nearby commit and test that
+one instead.
 
 For example:
 
 ------------
 $ git bisect good/bad			# previous round was good or bad.
-Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this
+Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this (roughly 9 steps)
 $ git bisect visualize			# oops, that is uninteresting.
 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3		# try 3 revisions before what
 					# was suggested
@@ -167,20 +256,21 @@ Then compile and test the chosen revision, and afterwards mark
 the revision as good or bad in the usual manner.
 
 Bisect skip
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
+~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git
-to do it for you by issuing the command:
+Instead of choosing a nearby commit by yourself, you can ask Git to do
+it for you by issuing the command:
 
 ------------
 $ git bisect skip                 # Current version cannot be tested
 ------------
 
-But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
-a bad commit and one or more skipped commits.
+However, if you skip a commit adjacent to the one you are looking for,
+Git will be unable to tell exactly which of those commits was the
+first bad one.
 
-You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit,
-using the "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" notation. For example:
+You can also skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit,
+using range notation. For example:
 
 ------------
 $ git bisect skip v2.5..v2.6
@@ -196,8 +286,8 @@ would issue the command:
 $ git bisect skip v2.5 v2.5..v2.6
 ------------
 
-This tells the bisect process that the commits between `v2.5` included
-and `v2.6` included should be skipped.
+This tells the bisect process that the commits between `v2.5` and
+`v2.6` (inclusive) should be skipped.
 
 
 Cutting down bisection by giving more parameters to bisect start
@@ -231,23 +321,23 @@ or bad, you can bisect by issuing the command:
 $ git bisect run my_script arguments
 ------------
 
-Note that the script (`my_script` in the above example) should
-exit with code 0 if the current source code is good, and exit with a
-code between 1 and 127 (inclusive), except 125, if the current
-source code is bad.
+Note that the script (`my_script` in the above example) should exit
+with code 0 if the current source code is good/old, and exit with a
+code between 1 and 127 (inclusive), except 125, if the current source
+code is bad/new.
 
 Any other exit code will abort the bisect process. It should be noted
-that a program that terminates via "exit(-1)" leaves $? = 255, (see the
-exit(3) manual page), as the value is chopped with "& 0377".
+that a program that terminates via `exit(-1)` leaves $? = 255, (see the
+exit(3) manual page), as the value is chopped with `& 0377`.
 
 The special exit code 125 should be used when the current source code
 cannot be tested. If the script exits with this code, the current
 revision will be skipped (see `git bisect skip` above). 125 was chosen
 as the highest sensible value to use for this purpose, because 126 and 127
 are used by POSIX shells to signal specific error status (127 is for
-command not found, 126 is for command found but not executable---these
+command not found, 126 is for command found but not executable--these
 details do not matter, as they are normal errors in the script, as far as
-"bisect run" is concerned).
+`bisect run` is concerned).
 
 You may often find that during a bisect session you want to have
 temporary modifications (e.g. s/#define DEBUG 0/#define DEBUG 1/ in a
@@ -260,7 +350,7 @@ next revision to test, the script can apply the patch
 before compiling, run the real test, and afterwards decide if the
 revision (possibly with the needed patch) passed the test and then
 rewind the tree to the pristine state.  Finally the script should exit
-with the status of the real test to let the "git bisect run" command loop
+with the status of the real test to let the `git bisect run` command loop
 determine the eventual outcome of the bisect session.
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -284,6 +374,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD v1.2 --      # HEAD is bad, v1.2 is good
 $ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a test failure between origin and HEAD:
@@ -291,6 +382,7 @@ $ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD origin --    # HEAD is bad, origin is good
 $ git bisect run make test           # "make test" builds and tests
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a broken test case:
@@ -302,14 +394,15 @@ make || exit 125                     # this skips broken builds
 ~/check_test_case.sh                 # does the test case pass?
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run ~/test.sh
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
-Here we use a "test.sh" custom script. In this script, if "make"
+Here we use a `test.sh` custom script. In this script, if `make`
 fails, we skip the current commit.
-"check_test_case.sh" should "exit 0" if the test case passes,
-and "exit 1" otherwise.
+`check_test_case.sh` should `exit 0` if the test case passes,
+and `exit 1` otherwise.
 +
-It is safer if both "test.sh" and "check_test_case.sh" are
+It is safer if both `test.sh` and `check_test_case.sh` are
 outside the repository to prevent interactions between the bisect,
 make and test processes and the scripts.
 
@@ -351,6 +444,7 @@ use `git cherry-pick` instead of `git merge`.)
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run sh -c "make || exit 125; ~/check_test_case.sh"
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 This shows that you can do without a run script if you write the test
@@ -368,12 +462,33 @@ $ git bisect run sh -c '
 	rm -f tmp.$$
 	test $rc = 0'
 
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 In this case, when 'git bisect run' finishes, bisect/bad will refer to a commit that
 has at least one parent whose reachable graph is fully traversable in the sense
 required by 'git pack objects'.
 
+* Look for a fix instead of a regression in the code
++
+------------
+$ git bisect start
+$ git bisect new HEAD    # current commit is marked as new
+$ git bisect old HEAD~10 # the tenth commit from now is marked as old
+------------
++
+or:
+------------
+$ git bisect start --term-old broken --term-new fixed
+$ git bisect fixed
+$ git bisect broken HEAD~10
+------------
+
+Getting help
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Use `git bisect` to get a short usage description, and `git bisect
+help` or `git bisect -h` to get a long usage description.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
index 9516914236..ba5417567c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ git-blame - Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m]
-	    [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>] [--abbrev=<n>]
-	    [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
+'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental]
+	    [-L <range>] [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>]
+	    [--progress] [--abbrev=<n>] [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>]
+	    [--] <file>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -18,17 +19,25 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Annotates each line in the given file with information from the revision which
 last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision.
 
-The command can also limit the range of lines annotated.
+When specified one or more times, `-L` restricts annotation to the requested
+lines.
+
+The origin of lines is automatically followed across whole-file
+renames (currently there is no option to turn the rename-following
+off). To follow lines moved from one file to another, or to follow
+lines that were copied and pasted from another file, etc., see the
+`-C` and `-M` options.
 
 The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or
 replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe"
 interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.
 
-Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the
+Apart from supporting file annotation, Git also supports searching the
 development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it
 possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied
 between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for
-a text string in the diff. A small example:
+a text string in the diff. A small example of the pickaxe interface
+that searches for `blame_usage`:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --pretty=oneline -S'blame_usage'
@@ -68,6 +77,8 @@ include::blame-options.txt[]
 -e::
 --show-email::
 	Show the author email instead of author name (Default: off).
+	This can also be controlled via the `blame.showEmail` config
+	option.
 
 -w::
 	Ignore whitespace when comparing the parent's version and
@@ -96,7 +107,7 @@ This header line is followed by the following information
 at least once for each commit:
 
 - the author name ("author"), email ("author-mail"), time
-  ("author-time"), and timezone ("author-tz"); similarly
+  ("author-time"), and time zone ("author-tz"); similarly
   for committer.
 - the filename in the commit that the line is attributed to.
 - the first line of the commit log message ("summary").
@@ -124,7 +135,10 @@ SPECIFYING RANGES
 
 Unlike 'git blame' and 'git annotate' in older versions of git, the extent
 of the annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision
-ranges.  When you are interested in finding the origin for
+ranges. The `-L` option, which limits annotation to a range of lines, may be
+specified multiple times.
+
+When you are interested in finding the origin for
 lines 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use the `-L` option like so
 (they mean the same thing -- both ask for 21 lines starting at
 line 40):
@@ -160,7 +174,7 @@ introduced the file with:
 	git log --diff-filter=A --pretty=short -- foo
 
 and then annotate the change between the commit and its
-parents, using `commit{caret}!` notation:
+parents, using `commit^!` notation:
 
 	git blame -C -C -f $commit^! -- foo
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 0427e80a35..4a7037f1c8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -10,8 +10,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [-r | -a]
 	[--list] [-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
-	[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]
+	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column]
+	[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]] [--sort=<key>]
+	[--points-at <object>] [<pattern>...]
 'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
+'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
+'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
 'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
 'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>]
@@ -19,13 +23,15 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no arguments, existing branches are listed and the current branch will
-be highlighted with an asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking
-branches to be listed, and option `-a` shows both. This list mode is also
-activated by the `--list` option (see below).
-<pattern> restricts the output to matching branches, the pattern is a shell
-wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3))
-Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the tag is shown.
+If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
+branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
+asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
+and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>`
+is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
+matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
+it matches any of the patterns.  Note that when providing a
+`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted
+as branch creation.
 
 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
@@ -42,14 +48,15 @@ Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
 working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
 new branch.
 
-When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, git sets up the
-branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
+When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
+branch (specifically the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge`
+configuration entries) so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
 the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
-`branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
+`branch.autoSetupMerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
 overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
-changed later using `git branch --set-upstream`.
+changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`.
 
-With a '-m' or '-M' option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
+With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
 If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
 <newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
 renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename
@@ -59,7 +66,7 @@ With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted.  You may
 specify more than one branch for deletion.  If the branch currently
 has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.
 
-Use -r together with -d to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
+Use `-r` together with `-d` to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
 only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
 in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
 them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	`--track` or `--set-upstream`.
 
 -D::
-	Delete a branch irrespective of its merged status.
+	Shortcut for `--delete --force`.
 
 -l::
 --create-reflog::
@@ -89,13 +96,17 @@ OPTIONS
 --force::
 	Reset <branchname> to <startpoint> if <branchname> exists
 	already. Without `-f` 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch.
+	In combination with `-d` (or `--delete`), allow deleting the
+	branch irrespective of its merged status. In combination with
+	`-m` (or `--move`), allow renaming the branch even if the new
+	branch name already exists.
 
 -m::
 --move::
 	Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog.
 
 -M::
-	Move/rename a branch even if the new branch name already exists.
+	Shortcut for `--move --force`.
 
 --color[=<when>]::
 	Color branches to highlight current, local, and
@@ -107,6 +118,14 @@ OPTIONS
 	default to color output.
 	Same as `--color=never`.
 
+--column[=<options>]::
+--no-column::
+	Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable
+	column.branch for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
+	without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
++
+This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.
+
 -r::
 --remotes::
 	List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.
@@ -120,11 +139,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	use `git branch --list <pattern>` to list matching branches.
 
 -v::
+-vv::
 --verbose::
 	When in list mode,
 	show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
 	relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
-	the name of the upstream branch, as well.
+	the name of the upstream branch, as well (see also `git remote
+	show <remote>`).
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing
+	non-error messages.
 
 --abbrev=<length>::
 	Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing.
@@ -136,7 +162,8 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -t::
 --track::
-	When creating a new branch, set up configuration to mark the
+	When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and
+	`branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to mark the
 	start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
 	configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
 	two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
@@ -144,35 +171,48 @@ OPTIONS
 	upstream when the new branch is checked out.
 +
 This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
-Set the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you
+Set the branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable to `false` if you
 want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if '--no-track'
 were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
 start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
 
 --no-track::
 	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
-	branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
+	branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is true.
 
 --set-upstream::
-	If specified branch does not exist yet or if '--force' has been
-	given, acts exactly like '--track'. Otherwise sets up configuration
-	like '--track' would when creating the branch, except that where
+	If specified branch does not exist yet or if `--force` has been
+	given, acts exactly like `--track`. Otherwise sets up configuration
+	like `--track` would when creating the branch, except that where
 	branch points to is not changed.
 
+-u <upstream>::
+--set-upstream-to=<upstream>::
+	Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is
+	considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname>
+	is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.
+
+--unset-upstream::
+	Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch
+	is specified it defaults to the current branch.
+
 --edit-description::
 	Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
-	for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `request-pull`).
+	for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `format-patch`,
+	`request-pull`, and `merge` (if enabled)). Multi-line explanations
+	may be used.
 
---contains <commit>::
-	Only list branches which contain the specified commit.
+--contains [<commit>]::
+	Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
+	if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --no-merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 <branchname>::
 	The name of the branch to create or delete.
@@ -192,6 +232,19 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
 	The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for
 	<branchname> apply.
 
+--sort=<key>::
+	Sort based on the key given. Prefix `-` to sort in descending
+	order of the value. You may use the --sort=<key> option
+	multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
+	key. The keys supported are the same as those in `git
+	for-each-ref`. Sort order defaults to sorting based on the
+	full refname (including `refs/...` prefix). This lists
+	detached HEAD (if present) first, then local branches and
+	finally remote-tracking branches.
+
+
+--points-at <object>::
+	Only list branches of the given object.
 
 Examples
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
index 92b01ec25d..3a8120c3b3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
 Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
 machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
-be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
-ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used.  This command provides support for
+be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git,
+ssh, http) cannot be used.  This command provides support for
 'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
 in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
 another repository using 'git fetch' and 'git pull'
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ unbundle <file>::
 	A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
 	'git rev-list' (and containing a named ref, see SPECIFYING REFERENCES
 	below), that specifies the specific objects and references
-	to transport.  For example, `master{tilde}10..master` causes the
+	to transport.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
 	current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
 	added since its 10th ancestor commit.  There is no explicit
 	limit to the number of references and objects that may be
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ SPECIFYING REFERENCES
 
 'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by
 'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads.  References
-such as `master{tilde}1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
+such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
 defining the basis.  More than one reference may be packaged, and more
 than one basis can be specified.  The objects packaged are those not
 contained in the union of the given bases.  Each basis can be
-specified explicitly (e.g. `^master{tilde}10`), or implicitly (e.g.
-`master{tilde}10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
+specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g.
+`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
 
 It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
 It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
@@ -112,13 +112,12 @@ machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
 ----------------
 
-Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating
-the repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it
-were a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then
-pulling or fetching objects from the bundle:
+Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this
+bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can
+create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:
 
 ----------------
-machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
+machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
 ----------------
 
 This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
index 2fb95bbd19..eb3d6945a9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ git-cat-file - Provide content or type and size information for repository objec
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git cat-file' (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv ) <object>
-'git cat-file' (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>
+'git cat-file' (-t [--allow-unknown-type]| -s [--allow-unknown-type]| -e | -p | <type> | --textconv ) <object>
+'git cat-file' (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ object type, or '-s' is used to find the object size, or '--textconv' is used
 (which implies type "blob").
 
 In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on
-stdin, and the SHA1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
+stdin, and the SHA-1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -54,16 +54,93 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --textconv::
 	Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case,
-	<object> has be of the form <treeish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
+	<object> has be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
 	to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>.
 
 --batch::
-	Print the SHA1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on
-	stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+--batch=<format>::
+	Print object information and contents for each object provided
+	on stdin.  May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+	See the section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
 
 --batch-check::
-	Print the SHA1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not
-	be combined with any other options or arguments.
+--batch-check=<format>::
+	Print object information for each object provided on stdin.  May
+	not be combined with any other options or arguments.  See the
+	section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
+
+--batch-all-objects::
+	Instead of reading a list of objects on stdin, perform the
+	requested batch operation on all objects in the repository and
+	any alternate object stores (not just reachable objects).
+	Requires `--batch` or `--batch-check` be specified. Note that
+	the objects are visited in order sorted by their hashes.
+
+--buffer::
+	Normally batch output is flushed after each object is output, so
+	that a process can interactively read and write from
+	`cat-file`. With this option, the output uses normal stdio
+	buffering; this is much more efficient when invoking
+	`--batch-check` on a large number of objects.
+
+--allow-unknown-type::
+	Allow -s or -t to query broken/corrupt objects of unknown type.
+
+--follow-symlinks::
+	With --batch or --batch-check, follow symlinks inside the
+	repository when requesting objects with extended SHA-1
+	expressions of the form tree-ish:path-in-tree.  Instead of
+	providing output about the link itself, provide output about
+	the linked-to object.  If a symlink points outside the
+	tree-ish (e.g. a link to /foo or a root-level link to ../foo),
+	the portion of the link which is outside the tree will be
+	printed.
++
+This option does not (currently) work correctly when an object in the
+index is specified (e.g. `:link` instead of `HEAD:link`) rather than
+one in the tree.
++
+This option cannot (currently) be used unless `--batch` or
+`--batch-check` is used.
++
+For example, consider a git repository containing:
++
+--
+	f: a file containing "hello\n"
+	link: a symlink to f
+	dir/link: a symlink to ../f
+	plink: a symlink to ../f
+	alink: a symlink to /etc/passwd
+--
++
+For a regular file `f`, `echo HEAD:f | git cat-file --batch` would print
++
+--
+	ce013625030ba8dba906f756967f9e9ca394464a blob 6
+--
++
+And `echo HEAD:link | git cat-file --batch --follow-symlinks` would
+print the same thing, as would `HEAD:dir/link`, as they both point at
+`HEAD:f`.
++
+Without `--follow-symlinks`, these would print data about the symlink
+itself.  In the case of `HEAD:link`, you would see
++
+--
+	4d1ae35ba2c8ec712fa2a379db44ad639ca277bd blob 1
+--
++
+Both `plink` and `alink` point outside the tree, so they would
+respectively print:
++
+--
+	symlink 4
+	../f
+
+	symlink 11
+	/etc/passwd
+--
+
 
 OUTPUT
 ------
@@ -78,27 +155,127 @@ If '-p' is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed.
 If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object>
 will be returned.
 
-If '--batch' is specified, output of the following form is printed for each
-object specified on stdin:
+BATCH OUTPUT
+------------
+
+If `--batch` or `--batch-check` is given, `cat-file` will read objects
+from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. By default,
+the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to
+linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom
+`<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each
+object, with placeholders of the form `%(atom)` expanded, followed by a
+newline. The available atoms are:
+
+`objectname`::
+	The 40-hex object name of the object.
+
+`objecttype`::
+	The type of of the object (the same as `cat-file -t` reports).
+
+`objectsize`::
+	The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as `cat-file -s`
+	reports).
+
+`objectsize:disk`::
+	The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the
+	note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below.
+
+`deltabase`::
+	If the object is stored as a delta on-disk, this expands to the
+	40-hex sha1 of the delta base object. Otherwise, expands to the
+	null sha1 (40 zeroes). See `CAVEATS` below.
+
+`rest`::
+	If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split
+	at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that
+	whitespace are considered to be the object name; characters
+	after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the
+	line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom.
+
+If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname)
+%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`.
+
+If `--batch` is specified, the object information is followed by the
+object contents (consisting of `%(objectsize)` bytes), followed by a
+newline.
+
+For example, `--batch` without a custom format would produce:
 
 ------------
 <sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
 <contents> LF
 ------------
 
-If '--batch-check' is specified, output of the following form is printed for
-each object specified on stdin:
+Whereas `--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'` would produce:
 
 ------------
-<sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
+<sha1> SP <type> LF
+------------
+
+If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in
+the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print:
+
+------------
+<object> SP missing LF
 ------------
 
-For both '--batch' and '--batch-check', output of the following form is printed
-for each object specified on stdin that does not exist in the repository:
+If --follow-symlinks is used, and a symlink in the repository points
+outside the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format
+and print:
+
+------------
+symlink SP <size> LF
+<symlink> LF
+------------
+
+The symlink will either be absolute (beginning with a /), or relative
+to the tree root.  For instance, if dir/link points to ../../foo, then
+<symlink> will be ../foo.  <size> is the size of the symlink in bytes.
+
+If --follow-symlinks is used, the following error messages will be
+displayed:
 
 ------------
 <object> SP missing LF
 ------------
+is printed when the initial symlink requested does not exist.
+
+------------
+dangling SP <size> LF
+<object> LF
+------------
+is printed when the initial symlink exists, but something that
+it (transitive-of) points to does not.
+
+------------
+loop SP <size> LF
+<object> LF
+------------
+is printed for symlink loops (or any symlinks that
+require more than 40 link resolutions to resolve).
+
+------------
+notdir SP <size> LF
+<object> LF
+------------
+is printed when, during symlink resolution, a file is used as a
+directory name.
+
+CAVEATS
+-------
+
+Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
+should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are
+responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be
+much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the
+choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary
+and is subject to change during a repack.
+
+Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object
+database; in this case, it is undefined which copy's size or delta base
+will be reported.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
index 5abdbaa51c..aa3b2bf2fc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git check-attr' [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname...
-'git check-attr' --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>
+'git check-attr' --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -28,11 +28,13 @@ OPTIONS
 	Consider `.gitattributes` in the index only, ignoring the working tree.
 
 --stdin::
-	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
+	Read pathnames from the standard input, one per line,
+	instead of from the command-line.
 
 -z::
-	Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with a
-	NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable.
+	If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
 
 \--::
 	Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following
@@ -48,6 +50,10 @@ OUTPUT
 The output is of the form:
 <path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF
 
+unless `-z` is in effect, in which case NUL is used as delimiter:
+<path> NUL <attribute> NUL <info> NUL
+
+
 <path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute
 being queried and <info> can be either:
 
@@ -56,6 +62,11 @@ being queried and <info> can be either:
 'set';;		when the attribute is defined as true.
 <value>;;	when a value has been assigned to the attribute.
 
+Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in
+linkgit:git[1].  The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks
+caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output
+buffer.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..611754f10b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+git-check-ignore(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-ignore - Debug gitignore / exclude files
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-ignore' [options] pathname...
+'git check-ignore' [options] --stdin
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each pathname given via the command-line or from a file via
+`--stdin`, check whether the file is excluded by .gitignore (or other
+input files to the exclude mechanism) and output the path if it is
+excluded.
+
+By default, tracked files are not shown at all since they are not
+subject to exclude rules; but see `--no-index'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q, --quiet::
+	Don't output anything, just set exit status.  This is only
+	valid with a single pathname.
+
+-v, --verbose::
+	Also output details about the matching pattern (if any)
+	for each given pathname. For precedence rules within and
+	between exclude sources, see linkgit:gitignore[5].
+
+--stdin::
+	Read pathnames from the standard input, one per line,
+	instead of from the command-line.
+
+-z::
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable (see
+	below).  If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+
+-n, --non-matching::
+	Show given paths which don't match any pattern.	 This only
+	makes sense when `--verbose` is enabled, otherwise it would
+	not be possible to distinguish between paths which match a
+	pattern and those which don't.
+
+--no-index::
+	Don't look in the index when undertaking the checks. This can
+	be used to debug why a path became tracked by e.g. `git add .`
+	and was not ignored by the rules as expected by the user or when
+	developing patterns including negation to match a path previously
+	added with `git add -f`.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+By default, any of the given pathnames which match an ignore pattern
+will be output, one per line.  If no pattern matches a given path,
+nothing will be output for that path; this means that path will not be
+ignored.
+
+If `--verbose` is specified, the output is a series of lines of the form:
+
+<source> <COLON> <linenum> <COLON> <pattern> <HT> <pathname>
+
+<pathname> is the path of a file being queried, <pattern> is the
+matching pattern, <source> is the pattern's source file, and <linenum>
+is the line number of the pattern within that source.  If the pattern
+contained a `!` prefix or `/` suffix, it will be preserved in the
+output.  <source> will be an absolute path when referring to the file
+configured by `core.excludesFile`, or relative to the repository root
+when referring to `.git/info/exclude` or a per-directory exclude file.
+
+If `-z` is specified, the pathnames in the output are delimited by the
+null character; if `--verbose` is also specified then null characters
+are also used instead of colons and hard tabs:
+
+<source> <NULL> <linenum> <NULL> <pattern> <NULL> <pathname> <NULL>
+
+If `-n` or `--non-matching` are specified, non-matching pathnames will
+also be output, in which case all fields in each output record except
+for <pathname> will be empty.  This can be useful when running
+non-interactively, so that files can be incrementally streamed to
+STDIN of a long-running check-ignore process, and for each of these
+files, STDOUT will indicate whether that file matched a pattern or
+not.  (Without this option, it would be impossible to tell whether the
+absence of output for a given file meant that it didn't match any
+pattern, or that the output hadn't been generated yet.)
+
+Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in
+linkgit:git[1].  The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks
+caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output
+buffer.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+-----------
+
+0::
+	One or more of the provided paths is ignored.
+
+1::
+	None of the provided paths are ignored.
+
+128::
+	A fatal error was encountered.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+linkgit:git-config[1]
+linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39028ee1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+git-check-mailmap(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-mailmap - Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-mailmap' [options] <contact>...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' or ``$$<user@host>$$'' from the command-line
+or standard input (when using `--stdin`), look up the person's canonical name
+and email address (see "Mapping Authors" below). If found, print them;
+otherwise print the input as-is.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--stdin::
+	Read contacts, one per line, from the standard input after exhausting
+	contacts provided on the command-line.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+For each contact, a single line is output, terminated by a newline.  If the
+name is provided or known to the 'mailmap', ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is
+printed; otherwise only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed.
+
+
+MAPPING AUTHORS
+---------------
+
+include::mailmap.txt[]
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
index 103e7b128d..91a3622ee4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero
 status if it is not.
 
-A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags.  A
+A reference is used in Git to specify branches and tags.  A
 branch head is stored in the `refs/heads` hierarchy, while
 a tag is stored in the `refs/tags` hierarchy of the ref namespace
 (typically in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` and `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`
 directories or, as entries in file `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`
 if refs are packed by `git gc`).
 
-git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
+Git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory)
   grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose
   values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`,
-  caret `{caret}`, or colon `:` anywhere.
+  caret `^`, or colon `:` anywhere.
 
-. They cannot have question-mark `?`, asterisk `{asterisk}`, or open
+. They cannot have question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`, or open
   bracket `[` anywhere.  See the `--refspec-pattern` option below for
   an exception to this rule.
 
@@ -54,18 +54,20 @@ git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They cannot contain a sequence `@{`.
 
+. They cannot be the single character `@`.
+
 . They cannot contain a `\`.
 
 These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse
 reference names, pathname expansion by the shell when a reference name is used
-unquoted (by mistake), and also avoids ambiguities in certain
+unquoted (by mistake), and also avoid ambiguities in certain
 reference name expressions (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]):
 
 . A double-dot `..` is often used as in `ref1..ref2`, and in some
-  contexts this notation means `{caret}ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in
+  contexts this notation means `^ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in
   `ref1` and in `ref2`).
 
-. A tilde `~` and caret `{caret}` are used to introduce the postfix
+. A tilde `~` and caret `^` are used to introduce the postfix
   'nth parent' and 'peel onion' operation.
 
 . A colon `:` is used as in `srcref:dstref` to mean "use srcref\'s
@@ -83,8 +85,7 @@ typed the branch name.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---allow-onelevel::
---no-allow-onelevel::
+--[no-]allow-onelevel::
 	Controls whether one-level refnames are accepted (i.e.,
 	refnames that do not contain multiple `/`-separated
 	components).  The default is `--no-allow-onelevel`.
@@ -92,9 +93,9 @@ OPTIONS
 --refspec-pattern::
 	Interpret <refname> as a reference name pattern for a refspec
 	(as used with remote repositories).  If this option is
-	enabled, <refname> is allowed to contain a single `{asterisk}`
-	in place of a one full pathname component (e.g.,
-	`foo/{asterisk}/bar` but not `foo/bar{asterisk}`).
+	enabled, <refname> is allowed to contain a single `*`
+	in the refspec (e.g., `foo/bar*/baz` or `foo/bar*baz/`
+	but not `foo/bar*/baz*`).
 
 --normalize::
 	Normalize 'refname' by removing any leading slash (`/`)
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index c0a96e6c1e..5e5273e073 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ git-checkout(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-checkout - Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
+git-checkout - Switch branches or restore working tree files
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [<branch>]
-'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] [<commit>]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] --detach [<branch>]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] <commit>
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [[-b|-B|--orphan] <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
 'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
@@ -21,18 +22,34 @@ or the specified tree.  If no paths are given, 'git checkout' will
 also update `HEAD` to set the specified branch as the current
 branch.
 
-'git checkout' [<branch>]::
+'git checkout' <branch>::
+	To prepare for working on <branch>, switch to it by updating
+	the index and the files in the working tree, and by pointing
+	HEAD at the branch. Local modifications to the files in the
+	working tree are kept, so that they can be committed to the
+	<branch>.
++
+If <branch> is not found but there does exist a tracking branch in
+exactly one remote (call it <remote>) with a matching name, treat as
+equivalent to
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -b <branch> --track <remote>/<branch>
+------------
++
+You could omit <branch>, in which case the command degenerates to
+"check out the current branch", which is a glorified no-op with a
+rather expensive side-effects to show only the tracking information,
+if exists, for the current branch.
+
 'git checkout' -b|-B <new_branch> [<start point>]::
-'git checkout' [--detach] [<commit>]::
 
-	This form switches branches by updating the index, working
-	tree, and HEAD to reflect the specified branch or commit.
-+
-If `-b` is given, a new branch is created as if linkgit:git-branch[1]
-were called and then checked out; in this case you can
-use the `--track` or `--no-track` options, which will be passed to
-'git branch'.  As a convenience, `--track` without `-b` implies branch
-creation; see the description of `--track` below.
+	Specifying `-b` causes a new branch to be created as if
+	linkgit:git-branch[1] were called and then checked out.  In
+	this case you can use the `--track` or `--no-track` options,
+	which will be passed to 'git branch'.  As a convenience,
+	`--track` without `-b` implies branch creation; see the
+	description of `--track` below.
 +
 If `-B` is given, <new_branch> is created if it doesn't exist; otherwise, it
 is reset. This is the transactional equivalent of
@@ -45,6 +62,22 @@ $ git checkout <branch>
 that is to say, the branch is not reset/created unless "git checkout" is
 successful.
 
+'git checkout' --detach [<branch>]::
+'git checkout' [--detach] <commit>::
+
+	Prepare to work on top of <commit>, by detaching HEAD at it
+	(see "DETACHED HEAD" section), and updating the index and the
+	files in the working tree.  Local modifications to the files
+	in the working tree are kept, so that the resulting working
+	tree will be the state recorded in the commit plus the local
+	modifications.
++
+When the <commit> argument is a branch name, the `--detach` option can
+be used to detach HEAD at the tip of the branch (`git checkout
+<branch>` would check out that branch without detaching HEAD).
++
+Omitting <branch> detaches HEAD at the tip of the current branch.
+
 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...::
 
 	When <paths> or `--patch` are given, 'git checkout' does *not*
@@ -56,6 +89,10 @@ successful.
 	(i.e.  commit, tag or tree) to update the index for the given
 	paths before updating the working tree.
 +
+'git checkout' with <paths> or `--patch` is used to restore modified or
+deleted paths to their original contents from the index or replace paths
+with the contents from a named <tree-ish> (most often a commit-ish).
++
 The index may contain unmerged entries because of a previous failed merge.
 By default, if you try to check out such an entry from the index, the
 checkout operation will fail and nothing will be checked out.
@@ -70,6 +107,12 @@ OPTIONS
 --quiet::
 	Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
 
+--[no-]progress::
+	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
+	by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless `--quiet`
+	is specified. This flag enables progress reporting even if not
+	attached to a terminal, regardless of `--quiet`.
+
 -f::
 --force::
 	When switching branches, proceed even if the index or the
@@ -83,12 +126,27 @@ entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
 --theirs::
 	When checking out paths from the index, check out stage #2
 	('ours') or #3 ('theirs') for unmerged paths.
-
--b::
++
+Note that during `git rebase` and `git pull --rebase`, 'ours' and
+'theirs' may appear swapped; `--ours` gives the version from the
+branch the changes are rebased onto, while `--theirs` gives the
+version from the branch that holds your work that is being rebased.
++
+This is because `rebase` is used in a workflow that treats the
+history at the remote as the shared canonical one, and treats the
+work done on the branch you are rebasing as the third-party work to
+be integrated, and you are temporarily assuming the role of the
+keeper of the canonical history during the rebase.  As the keeper of
+the canonical history, you need to view the history from the remote
+as `ours` (i.e. "our shared canonical history"), while what you did
+on your side branch as `theirs` (i.e. "one contributor's work on top
+of it").
+
+-b <new_branch>::
 	Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
 	<start_point>; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 
--B::
+-B <new_branch>::
 	Creates the branch <new_branch> and start it at <start_point>;
 	if it already exists, then reset it to <start_point>. This is
 	equivalent to running "git branch" with "-f"; see
@@ -100,9 +158,9 @@ entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
 	"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 +
 If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
-derived from the remote-tracking branch.  If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
-is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
-next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
+derived from the remote-tracking branch, by looking at the local part of
+the refspec configured for the corresponding remote, and then stripping
+the initial part up to the "*".
 This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
 off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even
 "refs/remotes/origin/hack").  If the given name has no slash, or the above
@@ -111,7 +169,7 @@ explicitly give a name with '-b' in such a case.
 
 --no-track::
 	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
-	branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
+	branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is true.
 
 -l::
 	Create the new branch's reflog; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for
@@ -124,7 +182,7 @@ explicitly give a name with '-b' in such a case.
 	<commit> is not a branch name.  See the "DETACHED HEAD" section
 	below for details.
 
---orphan::
+--orphan <new_branch>::
 	Create a new 'orphan' branch, named <new_branch>, started from
 	<start_point> and switch to it.  The first commit made on this
 	new branch will have no parents and it will be the root of a new
@@ -149,6 +207,12 @@ branch by running "git rm -rf ." from the top level of the working tree.
 Afterwards you will be ready to prepare your new files, repopulating the
 working tree, by copying them from elsewhere, extracting a tarball, etc.
 
+--ignore-skip-worktree-bits::
+	In sparse checkout mode, `git checkout -- <paths>` would
+	update only entries matched by <paths> and sparse patterns
+	in $GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout. This option ignores
+	the sparse patterns and adds back any files in <paths>.
+
 -m::
 --merge::
 	When switching branches,
@@ -171,7 +235,7 @@ the conflicted merge in the specified paths.
 --conflict=<style>::
 	The same as --merge option above, but changes the way the
 	conflicting hunks are presented, overriding the
-	merge.conflictstyle configuration variable.  Possible values are
+	merge.conflictStyle configuration variable.  Possible values are
 	"merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is shown by
 	"merge" style, shows the original contents).
 
@@ -184,7 +248,13 @@ the conflicted merge in the specified paths.
 +
 This means that you can use `git checkout -p` to selectively discard
 edits from your current working tree. See the ``Interactive Mode''
-section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
+section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
+
+--ignore-other-worktrees::
+	`git checkout` refuses when the wanted ref is already checked
+	out by another worktree. This option makes it check the ref
+	out anyway. In other words, the ref can be held by more than one
+	worktree.
 
 <branch>::
 	Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that,
@@ -193,11 +263,11 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
 	commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on
 	any branch (see below for details).
 +
-As a special case, the `"@\{-N\}"` syntax for the N-th last branch
-checks out the branch (instead of detaching).  You may also specify
-`-` which is synonymous with `"@\{-1\}"`.
+As a special case, the `"@{-N}"` syntax for the N-th last branch/commit
+checks out branches (instead of detaching).  You may also specify
+`-` which is synonymous with `"@{-1}"`.
 +
-As a further special case, you may use `"A\...B"` as a shortcut for the
+As a further special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the
 merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You can
 leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to `HEAD`.
 
@@ -302,7 +372,7 @@ a---b---c---d  branch 'master' (refers to commit 'd')
   tag 'v2.0' (refers to commit 'b')
 ------------
 
-In fact, we can perform all the normal git operations. But, let's look
+In fact, we can perform all the normal Git operations. But, let's look
 at what happens when we then checkout master:
 
 ------------
@@ -319,7 +389,7 @@ a---b---c---d  branch 'master' (refers to commit 'd')
 
 It is important to realize that at this point nothing refers to commit
 'f'. Eventually commit 'f' (and by extension commit 'e') will be deleted
-by the routine git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
+by the routine Git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
 before that happens. If we have not yet moved away from commit 'f',
 any of these will create a reference to it:
 
@@ -367,6 +437,18 @@ $ git checkout hello.c            <3>
 <2> take a file out of another commit
 <3> restore hello.c from the index
 +
+If you want to check out _all_ C source files out of the index,
+you can say
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -- '*.c'
+------------
++
+Note the quotes around `*.c`.  The file `hello.c` will also be
+checked out, even though it is no longer in the working tree,
+because the file globbing is used to match entries in the index
+(not in the working tree by the shell).
++
 If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this
 step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
 You should instead write:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
index fed5097e00..c104a594af 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ git-cherry-pick - Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git cherry-pick' [--edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-x] [--ff] <commit>...
+'git cherry-pick' [--edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-x] [--ff]
+		  [-S[<keyid>]] <commit>...
 'git cherry-pick' --continue
 'git cherry-pick' --quit
 'git cherry-pick' --abort
@@ -47,7 +48,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 	Sets of commits can be passed but no traversal is done by
 	default, as if the '--no-walk' option was specified, see
-	linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
+	linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. Note that specifying a range will
+	feed all <commit>... arguments to a single revision walk
+	(see a later example that uses 'maint master..next').
 
 -e::
 --edit::
@@ -97,12 +100,44 @@ effect to your index in a row.
 -s::
 --signoff::
 	Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
+	See the signoff option in linkgit:git-commit[1] for more information.
+
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
+	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
+	stuck to the option without a space.
 
 --ff::
 	If the current HEAD is the same as the parent of the
 	cherry-pick'ed commit, then a fast forward to this commit will
 	be performed.
 
+--allow-empty::
+	By default, cherry-picking an empty commit will fail,
+	indicating that an explicit invocation of `git commit
+	--allow-empty` is required. This option overrides that
+	behavior, allowing empty commits to be preserved automatically
+	in a cherry-pick. Note that when "--ff" is in effect, empty
+	commits that meet the "fast-forward" requirement will be kept
+	even without this option.  Note also, that use of this option only
+	keeps commits that were initially empty (i.e. the commit recorded the
+	same tree as its parent).  Commits which are made empty due to a
+	previous commit are dropped.  To force the inclusion of those commits
+	use `--keep-redundant-commits`.
+
+--allow-empty-message::
+	By default, cherry-picking a commit with an empty message will fail.
+	This option overrides that behavior, allowing commits with empty
+	messages to be cherry picked.
+
+--keep-redundant-commits::
+	If a commit being cherry picked duplicates a commit already in the
+	current history, it will become empty.  By default these
+	redundant commits cause `cherry-pick` to stop so the user can
+	examine the commit. This option overrides that behavior and
+	creates an empty commit object.  Implies `--allow-empty`.
+
 --strategy=<strategy>::
 	Use the given merge strategy.  Should only be used once.
 	See the MERGE STRATEGIES section in linkgit:git-merge[1]
@@ -130,7 +165,16 @@ EXAMPLES
 	Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are ancestors
 	of master but not of HEAD to produce new commits.
 
-`git cherry-pick master{tilde}4 master{tilde}2`::
+`git cherry-pick maint next ^master`::
+`git cherry-pick maint master..next`::
+
+	Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are
+	ancestors of maint or next, but not master or any of its
+	ancestors.  Note that the latter does not mean `maint` and
+	everything between `master` and `next`; specifically,
+	`maint` will not be used if it is included in `master`.
+
+`git cherry-pick master~4 master~2`::
 
 	Apply the changes introduced by the fifth and third last
 	commits pointed to by master and create 2 new commits with
@@ -151,7 +195,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 	are in next but not HEAD to the current branch, creating a new
 	commit for each new change.
 
-`git rev-list --reverse master \-- README | git cherry-pick -n --stdin`::
+`git rev-list --reverse master -- README | git cherry-pick -n --stdin`::
 
 	Apply the changes introduced by all commits on the master
 	branch that touched README to the working tree and index,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
index f6c19c734d..0ea921a593 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-cherry(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-cherry - Find commits not merged upstream
+git-cherry - Find commits yet to be applied to upstream
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,47 +12,26 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-The changeset (or "diff") of each commit between the fork-point and <head>
-is compared against each commit between the fork-point and <upstream>.
-The commits are compared with their 'patch id', obtained from
-the 'git patch-id' program.
+Determine whether there are commits in `<head>..<upstream>` that are
+equivalent to those in the range `<limit>..<head>`.
 
-Every commit that doesn't exist in the <upstream> branch
-has its id (sha1) reported, prefixed by a symbol.  The ones that have
-equivalent change already
-in the <upstream> branch are prefixed with a minus (-) sign, and those
-that only exist in the <head> branch are prefixed with a plus (+) symbol:
-
-               __*__*__*__*__> <upstream>
-              /
-    fork-point
-              \__+__+__-__+__+__-__+__> <head>
-
-
-If a <limit> has been given then the commits along the <head> branch up
-to and including <limit> are not reported:
-
-               __*__*__*__*__> <upstream>
-              /
-    fork-point
-              \__*__*__<limit>__-__+__> <head>
-
-
-Because 'git cherry' compares the changeset rather than the commit id
-(sha1), you can use 'git cherry' to find out if a commit you made locally
-has been applied <upstream> under a different commit id.  For example,
-this will happen if you're feeding patches <upstream> via email rather
-than pushing or pulling commits directly.
+The equivalence test is based on the diff, after removing whitespace
+and line numbers.  git-cherry therefore detects when commits have been
+"copied" by means of linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1], linkgit:git-am[1] or
+linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
+Outputs the SHA1 of every commit in `<limit>..<head>`, prefixed with
+`-` for commits that have an equivalent in <upstream>, and `+` for
+commits that do not.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -v::
-	Verbose.
+	Show the commit subjects next to the SHA1s.
 
 <upstream>::
-	Upstream branch to compare against.
-	Defaults to the first tracked remote branch, if available.
+	Upstream branch to search for equivalent commits.
+	Defaults to the upstream branch of HEAD.
 
 <head>::
 	Working branch; defaults to HEAD.
@@ -60,6 +39,103 @@ OPTIONS
 <limit>::
 	Do not report commits up to (and including) limit.
 
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Patch workflows
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+git-cherry is frequently used in patch-based workflows (see
+linkgit:gitworkflows[7]) to determine if a series of patches has been
+applied by the upstream maintainer.  In such a workflow you might
+create and send a topic branch like this:
+
+------------
+$ git checkout -b topic origin/master
+# work and create some commits
+$ git format-patch origin/master
+$ git send-email ... 00*
+------------
+
+Later, you can see whether your changes have been applied by saying
+(still on `topic`):
+
+------------
+$ git fetch  # update your notion of origin/master
+$ git cherry -v
+------------
+
+Concrete example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In a situation where topic consisted of three commits, and the
+maintainer applied two of them, the situation might look like:
+
+------------
+$ git log --graph --oneline --decorate --boundary origin/master...topic
+* 7654321 (origin/master) upstream tip commit
+[... snip some other commits ...]
+* cccc111 cherry-pick of C
+* aaaa111 cherry-pick of A
+[... snip a lot more that has happened ...]
+| * cccc000 (topic) commit C
+| * bbbb000 commit B
+| * aaaa000 commit A
+|/
+o 1234567 branch point
+------------
+
+In such cases, git-cherry shows a concise summary of what has yet to
+be applied:
+
+------------
+$ git cherry origin/master topic
+- cccc000... commit C
++ bbbb000... commit B
+- aaaa000... commit A
+------------
+
+Here, we see that the commits A and C (marked with `-`) can be
+dropped from your `topic` branch when you rebase it on top of
+`origin/master`, while the commit B (marked with `+`) still needs to
+be kept so that it will be sent to be applied to `origin/master`.
+
+
+Using a limit
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The optional <limit> is useful in cases where your topic is based on
+other work that is not in upstream.  Expanding on the previous
+example, this might look like:
+
+------------
+$ git log --graph --oneline --decorate --boundary origin/master...topic
+* 7654321 (origin/master) upstream tip commit
+[... snip some other commits ...]
+* cccc111 cherry-pick of C
+* aaaa111 cherry-pick of A
+[... snip a lot more that has happened ...]
+| * cccc000 (topic) commit C
+| * bbbb000 commit B
+| * aaaa000 commit A
+| * 0000fff (base) unpublished stuff F
+[... snip ...]
+| * 0000aaa unpublished stuff A
+|/
+o 1234567 merge-base between upstream and topic
+------------
+
+By specifying `base` as the limit, you can avoid listing commits
+between `base` and `topic`:
+
+------------
+$ git cherry origin/master topic base
+- cccc000... commit C
++ bbbb000... commit B
+- aaaa000... commit A
+------------
+
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-patch-id[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
index 79fb984144..51a7e26a8e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-clean - Remove untracked files from the working tree
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
+'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not
 under version control, starting from the current directory.
 
-Normally, only files unknown to git are removed, but if the '-x'
+Normally, only files unknown to Git are removed, but if the '-x'
 option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for
 example, be useful to remove all build products.
 
@@ -27,14 +27,22 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -d::
 	Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files.
-	If an untracked directory is managed by a different git
+	If an untracked directory is managed by a different Git
 	repository, it is not removed by default.  Use -f option twice
 	if you really want to remove such a directory.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	If the git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
-	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
+	If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
+	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to delete files or directories
+	unless given -f, -n or -i. Git will refuse to delete directories
+	with .git sub directory or file unless a second -f
+	is given.
+
+-i::
+--interactive::
+	Show what would be done and clean files interactively. See
+	``Interactive mode'' for details.
 
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -60,9 +68,74 @@ OPTIONS
 	working directory to test a clean build.
 
 -X::
-	Remove only files ignored by git.  This may be useful to rebuild
+	Remove only files ignored by Git.  This may be useful to rebuild
 	everything from scratch, but keep manually created files.
 
+Interactive mode
+----------------
+When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the
+files and directories to be cleaned, and goes into its
+interactive command loop.
+
+The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and
+gives a prompt "What now> ".  In general, when the prompt ends
+with a single '>', you can pick only one of the choices given
+and type return, like this:
+
+------------
+    *** Commands ***
+	1: clean                2: filter by pattern    3: select by numbers
+	4: ask each             5: quit                 6: help
+    What now> 1
+------------
+
+You also could say `c` or `clean` above as long as the choice is unique.
+
+The main command loop has 6 subcommands.
+
+clean::
+
+   Start cleaning files and directories, and then quit.
+
+filter by pattern::
+
+   This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an
+   "Input ignore patterns>>" prompt. You can input space-separated
+   patterns to exclude files and directories from deletion.
+   E.g. "*.c *.h" will excludes files end with ".c" and ".h" from
+   deletion. When you are satisfied with the filtered result, press
+   ENTER (empty) back to the main menu.
+
+select by numbers::
+
+   This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an
+   "Select items to delete>>" prompt. When the prompt ends with double
+   '>>' like this, you can make more than one selection, concatenated
+   with whitespace or comma.  Also you can say ranges.  E.g. "2-5 7,9"
+   to choose 2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list.  If the second number in a
+   range is omitted, all remaining items are selected.  E.g. "7-" to
+   choose 7,8,9 from the list.  You can say '*' to choose everything.
+   Also when you are satisfied with the filtered result, press ENTER
+   (empty) back to the main menu.
+
+ask each::
+
+  This will start to clean, and you must confirm one by one in order
+  to delete items. Please note that this action is not as efficient
+  as the above two actions.
+
+quit::
+
+  This lets you quit without do cleaning.
+
+help::
+
+  Show brief usage of interactive git-clean.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index 4b8b26b75e..ec41d3d698 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
 	  [-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
 	  [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
-	  [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
-	  [--depth <depth>] [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
-	  [<directory>]
+	  [--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
+	  [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch]
+	  [--recursive | --recurse-submodules] [--[no-]shallow-submodules]
+	  [--jobs <n>] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -28,7 +29,8 @@ currently active branch.
 After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update
 all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without
 arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the
-current master branch, if any.
+current master branch, if any (this is untrue when "--single-branch"
+is given; see below).
 
 This default configuration is achieved by creating references to
 the remote branch heads under `refs/remotes/origin` and
@@ -41,22 +43,24 @@ OPTIONS
 --local::
 -l::
 	When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
-	this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
+	this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport
 	mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
 	HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
 	The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
-	to save space when possible.  This is now the default when
-	the source repository is specified with `/path/to/repo`
-	syntax, so it essentially is a no-op option.  To force
-	copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable
-	if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository),
-	but still avoid the usual "git aware" transport
-	mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
+	to save space when possible.
++
+If the repository is specified as a local path (e.g., `/path/to/repo`),
+this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op.  If the
+repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we
+never use the local optimizations).  Specifying `--no-local` will
+override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular
+Git transport instead.
 
 --no-hardlinks::
-	Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a
-	local filesystem by copying files under `.git/objects`
-	directory.
+	Force the cloning process from a repository on a local
+	filesystem to copy the files under the `.git/objects`
+	directory instead of using hardlinks. This may be desirable
+	if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository.
 
 --shared::
 -s::
@@ -69,9 +73,9 @@ OPTIONS
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
 repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
-other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
+other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
 source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
-These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
+These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`)
 which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
 If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
 then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
@@ -94,13 +98,24 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	require fewer objects to be copied from the repository
 	being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs.
 +
-*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option.
+*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option, and also the
+`--dissociate` option.
+
+--dissociate::
+	Borrow the objects from reference repositories specified
+	with the `--reference` options only to reduce network
+	transfer, and stop borrowing from them after a clone is made
+	by making necessary local copies of borrowed objects.  This
+	option can also be used when cloning locally from a
+	repository that already borrows objects from another
+	repository--the new repository will borrow objects from the
+	same repository, and this option can be used to stop the
+	borrowing.
 
 --quiet::
 -q::
 	Operate quietly.  Progress is not reported to the standard
-	error stream. This flag is also passed to the `rsync'
-	command when given.
+	error stream.
 
 --verbose::
 -v::
@@ -118,7 +133,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
 
 --bare::
-	Make a 'bare' GIT repository.  That is, instead of
+	Make a 'bare' Git repository.  That is, instead of
 	creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
 	files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
 	itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
@@ -148,6 +163,8 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
 	instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will
 	be checked out.
+	`--branch` can also take tags and detaches the HEAD at that commit
+	in the resulting repository.
 
 --upload-pack <upload-pack>::
 -u <upload-pack>::
@@ -172,12 +189,20 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 
 --depth <depth>::
 	Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the
-	specified number of revisions.  A shallow repository has a
-	number of limitations (you cannot clone or fetch from
-	it, nor push from nor into it), but is adequate if you
-	are only interested in the recent history of a large project
-	with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
-	as patches.
+	specified number of commits. Implies `--single-branch` unless
+	`--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the
+	tips of all branches. If you want to clone submodules shallowly,
+	also pass `--shallow-submodules`.
+
+--[no-]single-branch::
+	Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch,
+	either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary
+	branch remote's `HEAD` points at.
+	Further fetches into the resulting repository will only update the
+	remote-tracking branch for the branch this option was used for the
+	initial cloning.  If the HEAD at the remote did not point at any
+	branch when `--single-branch` clone was made, no remote-tracking
+	branch is created.
 
 --recursive::
 --recurse-submodules::
@@ -188,13 +213,20 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of
 	`--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given)
 
+--[no-]shallow-submodules::
+	All submodules which are cloned will be shallow with a depth of 1.
+
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 	Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed
 	to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory,
-	then make a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link to there.
-	The result is git repository can be separated from working
+	then make a filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there.
+	The result is Git repository can be separated from working
 	tree.
 
+-j <n>::
+--jobs <n>::
+	The number of submodules fetched at the same time.
+	Defaults to the `submodule.fetchJobs` option.
 
 <repository>::
 	The (possibly remote) repository to clone from.  See the
@@ -217,8 +249,8 @@ Examples
 * Clone from upstream:
 +
 ------------
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
-$ cd my2.6
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git my-linux
+$ cd my-linux
 $ make
 ------------
 
@@ -235,10 +267,10 @@ $ git show-branch
 * Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory:
 +
 ------------
-$ git clone --reference my2.6 \
-	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.7 \
-	my2.7
-$ cd my2.7
+$ git clone --reference /git/linux.git \
+	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git \
+	my-linux
+$ cd my-linux
 ------------
 
 
@@ -249,13 +281,6 @@ $ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git
 ------------
 
 
-* Create a repository on the kernel.org machine that borrows from Linus:
-+
-------------
-$ git clone --bare -l -s /pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6.git \
-    /pub/scm/.../me/subsys-2.6.git
-------------
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-column.txt b/Documentation/git-column.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03d18465d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-column.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+git-column(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-column - Display data in columns
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git column' [--command=<name>] [--[raw-]mode=<mode>] [--width=<width>]
+	     [--indent=<string>] [--nl=<string>] [--padding=<n>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This command formats its input into multiple columns.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--command=<name>::
+	Look up layout mode using configuration variable column.<name> and
+	column.ui.
+
+--mode=<mode>::
+	Specify layout mode. See configuration variable column.ui for option
+	syntax.
+
+--raw-mode=<n>::
+	Same as --mode but take mode encoded as a number. This is mainly used
+	by other commands that have already parsed layout mode.
+
+--width=<width>::
+	Specify the terminal width. By default 'git column' will detect the
+	terminal width, or fall back to 80 if it is unable to do so.
+
+--indent=<string>::
+	String to be printed at the beginning of each line.
+
+--nl=<N>::
+	String to be printed at the end of each line,
+	including newline character.
+
+--padding=<N>::
+	The number of spaces between columns. One space by default.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
index cfb9906bb5..cb69faab68 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ git-commit-tree - Create a new commit object
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...] < changelog
-'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [(-m <message>)...] [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...]
+'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [(-m <message>)...]
+		  [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working
 directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
 to get there.
 
-Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git
+Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git
 doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
 tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
 `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
@@ -45,13 +47,23 @@ OPTIONS
 	Each '-p' indicates the id of a parent commit object.
 
 -m <message>::
-	A paragraph in the commig log message. This can be given more than
+	A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than
 	once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph.
 
 -F <file>::
 	Read the commit log message from the given file. Use `-` to read
 	from the standard input.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
+	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
+	stuck to the option without a space.
+
+--no-gpg-sign::
+	Do not GPG-sign commit, to countermand a `--gpg-sign` option
+	given earlier on the command line.
+
 
 Commit Information
 ------------------
@@ -72,13 +84,13 @@ if set:
 	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
 	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-	EMAIL
 
 (nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
 
 In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
 is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
-present, system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
+present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
+system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
 from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
 that file does not exist).
 
@@ -88,15 +100,6 @@ for one to be entered and terminated with ^D.
 
 include::date-formats.txt[]
 
-Diagnostics
------------
-You don't exist. Go away!::
-    The passwd(5) gecos field couldn't be read
-Your parents must have hated you!::
-    The passwd(5) gecos field is longer than a giant static buffer.
-Your sysadmin must hate you!::
-    The passwd(5) name field is longer than a giant static buffer.
-
 Discussion
 ----------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index 5cc84a1391..e7049537d9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	   [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --fixup | --squash) <commit>]
 	   [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
 	   [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
-	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status]
-	   [-i | -o] [--] [<file>...]
+	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status]
+	   [-i | -o] [-S[<keyid>]] [--] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
 3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
    case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
    record the current content of the listed files (which must already
-   be known to git);
+   be known to Git);
 
 4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
    "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
 
 5. by using the --interactive or --patch switches with the 'commit' command
    to decide one by one which files or hunks should be part of the commit,
-   before finalizing the operation. See the ``Interactive Mode`` section of
+   before finalizing the operation. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of
    linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate these modes.
 
 The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --all::
 	Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
 	been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
-	told git about are not affected.
+	told Git about are not affected.
 
 -p::
 --patch::
@@ -94,19 +94,27 @@ OPTIONS
 --reset-author::
 	When used with -C/-c/--amend options, or when committing after a
 	a conflicting cherry-pick, declare that the authorship of the
-	resulting commit now belongs of the committer. This also renews
+	resulting commit now belongs to the committer. This also renews
 	the author timestamp.
 
 --short::
 	When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See
 	linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`.
 
+--branch::
+	Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format.
+
 --porcelain::
 	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready
 	format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies
 	`--dry-run`.
 
+--long::
+	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a the long-format.
+	Implies `--dry-run`.
+
 -z::
+--null::
 	When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate
 	entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no
 	format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format.
@@ -129,19 +137,28 @@ OPTIONS
 -m <msg>::
 --message=<msg>::
 	Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
+	If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
+	concatenated as separate paragraphs.
 
 -t <file>::
 --template=<file>::
-	Use the contents of the given file as the initial version
-	of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can
-	make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using
-	the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This
-	overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable.
+	When editing the commit message, start the editor with the
+	contents in the given file.  The `commit.template` configuration
+	variable is often used to give this option implicitly to the
+	command.  This mechanism can be used by projects that want to
+	guide participants with some hints on what to write in the message
+	in what order.  If the user exits the editor without editing the
+	message, the commit is aborted.  This has no effect when a message
+	is given by other means, e.g. with the `-m` or `-F` options.
 
 -s::
 --signoff::
 	Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit
-	log message.
+	log message.  The meaning of a signoff depends on the project,
+	but it typically certifies that committer has
+	the rights to submit this work under the same license and
+	agrees to a Developer Certificate of Origin
+	(see http://developercertificate.org/ for more information).
 
 -n::
 --no-verify::
@@ -161,31 +178,54 @@ OPTIONS
        linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
 --cleanup=<mode>::
-	This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
-	The  '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
-	and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
-	trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
-	only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
-	removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
-	'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
-	and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
+	This option determines how the supplied commit message should be
+	cleaned up before committing.  The '<mode>' can be `strip`,
+	`whitespace`, `verbatim`, `scissors` or `default`.
++
+--
+strip::
+	Strip leading and trailing empty lines, trailing whitespace,
+	commentary and collapse consecutive empty lines.
+whitespace::
+	Same as `strip` except #commentary is not removed.
+verbatim::
+	Do not change the message at all.
+scissors::
+	Same as `whitespace`, except that everything from (and
+	including) the line
+	"`# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------`"
+	is truncated if the message is to be edited. "`#`" can be
+	customized with core.commentChar.
+default::
+	Same as `strip` if the message is to be edited.
+	Otherwise `whitespace`.
+--
++
+The default can be changed by the `commit.cleanup` configuration
+variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 -e::
 --edit::
 	The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
-	`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
-	commit log message unmodified.  This option lets you
+	`-m`, and from commit object with `-C` are usually used as
+	the commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
 	further edit the message taken from these sources.
 
+--no-edit::
+	Use the selected commit message without launching an editor.
+	For example, `git commit --amend --no-edit` amends a commit
+	without changing its commit message.
+
 --amend::
-	Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
-	object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
-	(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
-	commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
-	tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
-	current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
-	the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
-	discarded.
+	Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new
+	commit. The recorded tree is prepared as usual (including
+	the effect of the `-i` and `-o` options and explicit
+	pathspec), and the message from the original commit is used
+	as the starting point, instead of an empty message, when no
+	other message is specified from the command line via options
+	such as `-m`, `-F`, `-c`, etc.  The new commit has the same
+	parents and author as the current one (the `--reset-author`
+	option can countermand this).
 +
 --
 It is a rough equivalent for:
@@ -202,6 +242,9 @@ You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you
 amend a commit that has already been published.  (See the "RECOVERING
 FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
 
+--no-post-rewrite::
+	Bypass the post-rewrite hook.
+
 -i::
 --include::
 	Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
@@ -211,9 +254,10 @@ FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
 
 -o::
 --only::
-	Make a commit only from the paths specified on the
+	Make a commit by taking the updated working tree contents
+	of the paths specified on the
 	command line, disregarding any contents that have been
-	staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of
+	staged for other paths. This is the default mode of operation of
 	'git commit' if any paths are given on the command line,
 	in which case this option can be omitted.
 	If this option is specified together with '--amend', then
@@ -242,8 +286,16 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 --verbose::
 	Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what
 	would be committed at the bottom of the commit message
-	template.  Note that this diff output doesn't have its
-	lines prefixed with '#'.
+	template to help the user describe the commit by reminding
+	what changes the commit has.
+	Note that this diff output doesn't have its
+	lines prefixed with '#'. This diff will not be a part
+	of the commit message. See the `commit.verbose` configuration
+	variable in linkgit:git-config[1].
++
+If specified twice, show in addition the unified diff between
+what would be committed and the worktree files, i.e. the unstaged
+changes to tracked files.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -265,6 +317,16 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the
 	default commit message.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
+	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
+	stuck to the option without a space.
+
+--no-gpg-sign::
+	Countermand `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable that is
+	set to force each and every commit to be signed.
+
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
@@ -284,7 +346,7 @@ When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
 your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
 called the "index" with 'git add'.  A file can be
 reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree,
-to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD \-- <file>`,
+to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`,
 which effectively reverts 'git add' and prevents the changes to
 this file from participating in the next commit.  After building
 the state to be committed incrementally with these commands,
@@ -378,16 +440,18 @@ DISCUSSION
 Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
-Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line
-on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body.
+The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated
+as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git.
+For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses
+the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.
 
 include::i18n.txt[]
 
 ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
 ---------------------------------------
 The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the
-GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
-VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that
+`GIT_EDITOR` environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
+`VISUAL` environment variable, or the `EDITOR` environment variable (in that
 order).  See linkgit:git-var[1] for details.
 
 HOOKS
@@ -396,6 +460,15 @@ This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`,
 and `post-commit` hooks.  See linkgit:githooks[5] for more
 information.
 
+FILES
+-----
+
+`$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG`::
+	This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress.
+	If `git commit` exits due to an error before creating a commit,
+	any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in
+	an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be
+	overwritten by the next invocation of `git commit`.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
index e7ecf5d803..a89c304916 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -9,17 +9,18 @@ git-config - Get and set repository or global options
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] --add name value
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] --replace-all name value [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] [--name-only] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-urlmatch name URL
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name
 'git config' [<file-option>] --remove-section name
-'git config' [<file-option>] [-z|--null] -l | --list
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] [--name-only] -l | --list
 'git config' [<file-option>] --get-color name [default]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]
 'git config' [<file-option>] -e | --edit
@@ -44,22 +45,26 @@ a "true" or "false" string for bool), or '--path', which does some
 path expansion (see '--path' below).  If no type specifier is passed, no
 checks or transformations are performed on the value.
 
-The file-option can be one of '--system', '--global' or '--file'
-which specify where the values will be read from or written to.
-The default is to assume the config file of the current repository,
-.git/config unless defined otherwise with GIT_DIR and GIT_CONFIG
-(see <<FILES>>).
+When reading, the values are read from the system, global and
+repository local configuration files by default, and options
+'--system', '--global', '--local' and '--file <filename>' can be
+used to tell the command to read from only that location (see <<FILES>>).
 
-This command will fail (with exit code ret) if:
+When writing, the new value is written to the repository local
+configuration file by default, and options '--system', '--global',
+'--file <filename>' can be used to tell the command to write to
+that location (you can say '--local' but that is the default).
 
-. The config file is invalid (ret=3),
-. can not write to the config file (ret=4),
-. no section or name was provided (ret=2),
-. the section or key is invalid (ret=1),
-. you try to unset an option which does not exist (ret=5),
-. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match (ret=5),
-. you try to use an invalid regexp (ret=6), or
-. you use '--global' option without $HOME being properly set (ret=128).
+This command will fail with non-zero status upon error.  Some exit
+codes are:
+
+- The section or key is invalid (ret=1),
+- no section or name was provided (ret=2),
+- the config file is invalid (ret=3),
+- the config file cannot be written (ret=4),
+- you try to unset an option which does not exist (ret=5),
+- you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match (ret=5), or
+- you try to use an invalid regexp (ret=6).
 
 On success, the command returns the exit code 0.
 
@@ -78,38 +83,67 @@ OPTIONS
 --get::
 	Get the value for a given key (optionally filtered by a regex
 	matching the value). Returns error code 1 if the key was not
-	found and error code 2 if multiple key values were found.
+	found and the last value if multiple key values were found.
 
 --get-all::
-	Like get, but does not fail if the number of values for the key
-	is not exactly one.
+	Like get, but returns all values for a multi-valued key.
 
 --get-regexp::
-	Like --get-all, but interprets the name as a regular expression.
-	Also outputs the key names.
+	Like --get-all, but interprets the name as a regular expression and
+	writes out the key names.  Regular expression matching is currently
+	case-sensitive and done against a canonicalized version of the key
+	in which section and variable names are lowercased, but subsection
+	names are not.
+
+--get-urlmatch name URL::
+	When given a two-part name section.key, the value for
+	section.<url>.key whose <url> part matches the best to the
+	given URL is returned (if no such key exists, the value for
+	section.key is used as a fallback).  When given just the
+	section as name, do so for all the keys in the section and
+	list them.  Returns error code 1 if no value is found.
 
 --global::
-	For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than
-	the repository .git/config.
+	For writing options: write to global `~/.gitconfig` file
+	rather than the repository `.git/config`, write to
+	`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` file if this file exists and the
+	`~/.gitconfig` file doesn't.
 +
-For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig rather than
-from all available files.
+For reading options: read only from global `~/.gitconfig` and from
+`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 --system::
-	For writing options: write to system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
-	rather than the repository .git/config.
+	For writing options: write to system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` rather than the repository
+	`.git/config`.
 +
-For reading options: read only from system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
+For reading options: read only from system-wide `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig`
 rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
+--local::
+	For writing options: write to the repository `.git/config` file.
+	This is	the default behavior.
++
+For reading options: read only from the repository `.git/config` rather than
+from all available files.
++
+See also <<FILES>>.
+
 -f config-file::
 --file config-file::
 	Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG.
 
+--blob blob::
+	Similar to '--file' but use the given blob instead of a file. E.g.
+	you can use 'master:.gitmodules' to read values from the file
+	'.gitmodules' in the master branch. See "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
+	section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for a more complete list of
+	ways to spell blob names.
+
 --remove-section::
 	Remove the given section from the configuration file.
 
@@ -124,7 +158,7 @@ See also <<FILES>>.
 
 -l::
 --list::
-	List all variables set in config file.
+	List all variables set in config file, along with their values.
 
 --bool::
 	'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false"
@@ -155,6 +189,16 @@ See also <<FILES>>.
 	output without getting confused e.g. by values that
 	contain line breaks.
 
+--name-only::
+	Output only the names of config variables for `--list` or
+	`--get-regexp`.
+
+--show-origin::
+	Augment the output of all queried config options with the
+	origin type (file, standard input, blob, command line) and
+	the actual origin (config file path, ref, or blob id if
+	applicable).
+
 --get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]::
 
 	Find the color setting for `name` (e.g. `color.diff`) and output
@@ -178,24 +222,36 @@ See also <<FILES>>.
 	Opens an editor to modify the specified config file; either
 	'--system', '--global', or repository (default).
 
+--[no-]includes::
+	Respect `include.*` directives in config files when looking up
+	values. Defaults to `off` when a specific file is given (e.g.,
+	using `--file`, `--global`, etc) and `on` when searching all
+	config files.
+
 [[FILES]]
 FILES
 -----
 
-If not set explicitly with '--file', there are three files where
+If not set explicitly with '--file', there are four files where
 'git config' will search for configuration options:
 
-$GIT_DIR/config::
-	Repository specific configuration file. (The filename is
-	of course relative to the repository root, not the working
-	directory.)
+$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
+	System-wide configuration file.
+
+$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config::
+	Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set
+	or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/config` will be used. Any single-valued
+	variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in
+	`~/.gitconfig`.  It is a good idea not to create this file if
+	you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this
+	file was added fairly recently.
 
 ~/.gitconfig::
 	User-specific configuration file. Also called "global"
 	configuration file.
 
-$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
-	System-wide configuration file.
+$GIT_DIR/config::
+	Repository specific configuration file.
 
 If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these
 files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration
@@ -203,13 +259,17 @@ file are not available they will be ignored. If the repository configuration
 file is not available or readable, 'git config' will exit with a non-zero
 error code. However, in neither case will an error message be issued.
 
+The files are read in the order given above, with last value found taking
+precedence over values read earlier.  When multiple values are taken then all
+values of a key from all files will be used.
+
 All writing options will per default write to the repository specific
 configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all'
 and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*.
 
-You can override these rules either by command line options or by environment
+You can override these rules either by command-line options or by environment
 variables. The '--global' and the '--system' options will limit the file used
-to the global or system-wide file respectively. The GIT_CONFIG environment
+to the global or system-wide file respectively. The `GIT_CONFIG` environment
 variable has a similar effect, but you can specify any filename you want.
 
 
@@ -221,6 +281,10 @@ GIT_CONFIG::
 	Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig. Using the
 	"--system" option forces this to $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
 
+GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig file. See linkgit:git[1] for details.
+
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 
@@ -248,9 +312,16 @@ Given a .git/config like this:
 
 	; Proxy settings
 	[core]
-		gitproxy="proxy-command" for kernel.org
+		gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org
 		gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest
 
+	; HTTP
+	[http]
+		sslVerify
+	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+		sslVerify = false
+		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+
 you can set the filemode to true with
 
 ------------
@@ -323,7 +394,7 @@ To actually match only values with an exclamation mark, you have to
 To add a new proxy, without altering any of the existing ones, use
 
 ------------
-% git config core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com'
+% git config --add core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com'
 ------------
 
 An example to use customized color from the configuration in your
@@ -336,6 +407,19 @@ RESET=$(git config --get-color "" "reset")
 echo "${WS}your whitespace color or blue reverse${RESET}"
 ------------
 
+For URLs in `https://weak.example.com`, `http.sslVerify` is set to
+false, while it is set to `true` for all others:
+
+------------
+% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://good.example.com
+true
+% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com
+false
+% git config --get-urlmatch http https://weak.example.com
+http.cookieFile /tmp/cookie.txt
+http.sslverify false
+------------
+
 include::config.txt[]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
index 23c80cea64..2ff35683e5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-count-objects - Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git count-objects' [-v]
+'git count-objects' [-v] [-H | --human-readable]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -20,11 +20,29 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -v::
 --verbose::
-	In addition to the number of loose objects and disk
-	space consumed, it reports the number of in-pack
-	objects, number of packs, disk space consumed by those packs,
-	and number of objects that can be removed by running
-	`git prune-packed`.
+	Report in more detail:
++
+count: the number of loose objects
++
+size: disk space consumed by loose objects, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+in-pack: the number of in-pack objects
++
+size-pack: disk space consumed by the packs, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+prune-packable: the number of loose objects that are also present in
+the packs. These objects could be pruned using `git prune-packed`.
++
+garbage: the number of files in object database that are neither valid loose
+objects nor valid packs
++
+size-garbage: disk space consumed by garbage files, in KiB (unless -H is
+specified)
+
+-H::
+--human-readable::
+
+Print sizes in human readable format
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
index 11edc5a173..7051c6bdf8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ git-credential-cache--daemon(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-cache--daemon - temporarily store user credentials in memory
+git-credential-cache--daemon - Temporarily store user credentials in memory
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-git credential-cache--daemon <socket>
+git credential-cache--daemon [--debug] <socket>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ for `git-credential-cache` clients. Clients may store and retrieve
 credentials. Each credential is held for a timeout specified by the
 client; once no credentials are held, the daemon exits.
 
+If the `--debug` option is specified, the daemon does not close its
+stderr stream, and may output extra diagnostics to it even after it has
+begun listening for clients.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
index f3d09c5d51..96208f822e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-credential-cache(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-cache - helper to temporarily store passwords in memory
+git-credential-cache - Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ git config credential.helper 'cache [options]'
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command caches credentials in memory for use by future git
+This command caches credentials in memory for use by future Git
 programs. The stored credentials never touch the disk, and are forgotten
 after a configurable timeout.  The cache is accessible over a Unix
 domain socket, restricted to the current user by filesystem permissions.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
-be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
+be used as a credential helper by other parts of Git. See
 linkgit:gitcredentials[7] or `EXAMPLES` below.
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	cache daemon if one is not started). Defaults to
 	`~/.git-credential-cache/socket`. If your home directory is on a
 	network-mounted filesystem, you may need to change this to a
-	local filesystem.
+	local filesystem. You must specify an absolute path.
 
 CONTROLLING THE DAEMON
 ----------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
index 31093467d1..e3c8f276b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-credential-store(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-store - helper to store credentials on disk
+git-credential-store - Helper to store credentials on disk
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ security tradeoff, try linkgit:git-credential-cache[1], or find a helper
 that integrates with secure storage provided by your operating system.
 
 This command stores credentials indefinitely on disk for use by future
-git programs.
+Git programs.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
 be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
@@ -29,12 +29,43 @@ linkgit:gitcredentials[7] or `EXAMPLES` below.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
---store=<path>::
+--file=<path>::
 
-	Use `<path>` to store credentials. The file will have its
+	Use `<path>` to lookup and store credentials. The file will have its
 	filesystem permissions set to prevent other users on the system
 	from reading it, but will not be encrypted or otherwise
-	protected. Defaults to `~/.git-credentials`.
+	protected. If not specified, credentials will be searched for from
+	`~/.git-credentials` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/credentials`, and
+	credentials will be written to `~/.git-credentials` if it exists, or
+	`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/credentials` if it exists and the former does
+	not. See also <<FILES>>.
+
+[[FILES]]
+FILES
+-----
+
+If not set explicitly with '--file', there are two files where
+git-credential-store will search for credentials in order of precedence:
+
+~/.git-credentials::
+	User-specific credentials file.
+
+$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/credentials::
+	Second user-specific credentials file. If '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME' is not set
+	or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/credentials` will be used. Any credentials
+	stored in this file will not be used if `~/.git-credentials` has a
+	matching credential as well. It is a good idea not to create this file
+	if you sometimes use older versions of Git that do not support it.
+
+For credential lookups, the files are read in the order given above, with the
+first matching credential found taking precedence over credentials found in
+files further down the list.
+
+Credential storage will by default write to the first existing file in the
+list. If none of these files exist, `~/.git-credentials` will be created and
+written to.
+
+When erasing credentials, matching credentials will be erased from all files.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -63,11 +94,11 @@ stored on its own line as a URL like:
 https://user:pass@example.com
 ------------------------------
 
-When git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
+When Git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
 credential-store will consider that context a pattern to match against
 each entry in the credentials file.  If the protocol, hostname, and
 username (if we already have one) match, then the password is returned
-to git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+to Git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
 for more information.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b211440373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+git-credential(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+------------------
+git credential <fill|approve|reject>
+------------------
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials
+from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
+usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
+interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
+credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
+interface models the internal C API; see
+link:technical/api-credentials.html[the Git credential API] for more
+background on the concepts.
+
+git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
+`fill`, `approve`, or `reject`) and reads a credential description
+on stdin (see <<IOFMT,INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT>>).
+
+If the action is `fill`, git-credential will attempt to add "username"
+and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files,
+by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the
+user. The username and password attributes of the credential
+description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes
+already provided.
+
+If the action is `approve`, git-credential will send the description
+to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential
+for later use.
+
+If the action is `reject`, git-credential will send the description to
+any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored
+credential matching the description.
+
+If the action is `approve` or `reject`, no output should be emitted.
+
+TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL
+-----------------------------
+
+An application using git-credential will typically use `git
+credential` following these steps:
+
+  1. Generate a credential description based on the context.
++
+For example, if we want a password for
+`https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following
+credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it
+tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the
+information it has):
+
+	 protocol=https
+	 host=example.com
+	 path=foo.git
+
+  2. Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this
+     description. This is done by running `git credential fill`,
+     feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete
+     credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the
+     login and password) will be produced on standard output, like:
+
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	username=bob
+	password=secr3t
++
+In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be
+repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential
+description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the
+protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false.
++
+If the `git credential` knew about the password, this step may
+not have involved the user actually typing this password (the
+user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead,
+or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already
+unlocked) before it returned `password=secr3t`.
+
+  3. Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and
+     password from step (2)), and see if it's accepted.
+
+  4. Report on the success or failure of the password. If the
+     credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then
+     it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell `git
+     credential` to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential
+     was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so
+     that `git credential` will ask for a new password in its next
+     invocation. In either case, `git credential` should be fed with
+     the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also
+     contain the ones provided in step (1)).
+
+[[IOFMT]]
+INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT
+-------------------
+
+`git credential` reads and/or writes (depending on the action used)
+credential information in its standard input/output. This information
+can correspond either to keys for which `git credential` will obtain
+the login/password information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the
+actual credential data to be obtained (login/password).
+
+The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one
+attribute per line. Each attribute is
+specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign,
+followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`,
+newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
+In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
+and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
+attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
+Git understands the following attributes:
+
+`protocol`::
+
+	The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
+	`https`).
+
+`host`::
+
+	The remote hostname for a network credential.
+
+`path`::
+
+	The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
+	accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
+	repository's path on the server.
+
+`username`::
+
+	The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
+	URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper).
+
+`password`::
+
+	The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored.
+
+`url`::
+
+	When this special attribute is read by `git credential`, the
+	value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts
+	were read (e.g., `url=https://example.com` would behave as if
+	`protocol=https` and `host=example.com` had been provided). This
+	can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves.  Note that any
+	components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
+	username in the example above) will be set to empty; if you want
+	to provide a URL and override some attributes, provide the URL
+	attribute first, followed by any overrides.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
index 7f79cec3f8..00154b6c85 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Exports a commit from GIT to a CVS checkout, making it easier
-to merge patches from a git repository into a CVS repository.
+Exports a commit from Git to a CVS checkout, making it easier
+to merge patches from a Git repository into a CVS repository.
 
 Specify the name of a CVS checkout using the -w switch or execute it
 from the root of the CVS working copy. In the latter case GIT_DIR must
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -w::
 	Specify the location of the CVS checkout to use for the export. This
 	option does not require GIT_DIR to be set before execution if the
-	current directory is within a git repository.  The default is the
+	current directory is within a Git repository.  The default is the
 	value of 'cvsexportcommit.cvsdir'.
 
 -W::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
index 6695ab3b4b..00a0679a28 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Imports a CVS repository into git. It will either create a new
+*WARNING:* `git cvsimport` uses cvsps version 2, which is considered
+deprecated; it does not work with cvsps version 3 and later.  If you are
+performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository consider using
+http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html[cvs2git] or
+https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs[parsecvs].
+
+Imports a CVS repository into Git. It will either create a new
 repository, or incrementally import into an existing one.
 
 Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by 'cvsps'.
@@ -59,18 +65,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	`CVS/Repository`.
 
 -C <target-dir>::
-        The git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
+	The Git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
         exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
 
 -r <remote>::
-	The git remote to import this CVS repository into.
+	The Git remote to import this CVS repository into.
 	Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch>
 	akin to the way 'git clone' uses 'origin' by default.
 
 -o <branch-for-HEAD>::
 	When no remote is specified (via -r) the 'HEAD' branch
-	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the git
-	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for git.
+	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the Git
+	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for Git.
 	When a remote is specified the 'HEAD' branch is named
 	remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git clone' behaviour.
 	Use this option if you want to import into a different
@@ -137,17 +143,19 @@ This option can be used several times to provide several detection regexes.
 -A <author-conv-file>::
 	CVS by default uses the Unix username when writing its
 	commit logs. Using this option and an author-conv-file
-	in this format
+	maps the name recorded in CVS to author name, e-mail and
+	optional time zone:
 +
 ---------
 	exon=Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>
-	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org>
+	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org> America/Chicago
 
 ---------
 +
 'git cvsimport' will make it appear as those authors had
 their GIT_AUTHOR_NAME and GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL set properly
-all along.
+all along.  If a time zone is specified, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE will
+have the corresponding offset applied.
 +
 For convenience, this data is saved to `$GIT_DIR/cvs-authors`
 each time the '-A' option is provided and read from that same
@@ -211,11 +219,9 @@ Problems related to tags:
 * Multiple tags on the same revision are not imported.
 
 If you suspect that any of these issues may apply to the repository you
-want to import consider using these alternative tools which proved to be
-more stable in practice:
+want to import, consider using cvs2git:
 
-* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://cvs2svn.tigris.org`
-* parsecvs, `http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~keithp/parsecvs`
+* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://subversion.apache.org/`
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index 827bc988ed..db4d7a917c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-cvsserver(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for git
+git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ unless '--export-all' was given, too.
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This application is a CVS emulation layer for git.
+This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git.
 
 It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented,
 and for those methods that are implemented,
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ plugin. Most functionality works fine with both of these clients.
 LIMITATIONS
 -----------
 
-CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform GIT merges.
+CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform Git merges.
 
-'git-cvsserver' maps GIT branches to CVS modules. This is very different
+'git-cvsserver' maps Git branches to CVS modules. This is very different
 from what most CVS users would expect since in CVS modules usually represent
 one or more directories.
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ to allow writes to, for example:
 	authdb = /etc/cvsserver/passwd
 
 ------
-The format of these files is username followed by the crypted password,
+The format of these files is username followed by the encrypted password,
 for example:
 
 ------
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Then provide your password via the pserver method, for example:
 ------
    cvs -d:pserver:someuser:somepassword <at> server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name>
 ------
-No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having GIT tools
+No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having Git tools
 in the PATH. If you have clients that do not accept the CVS_SERVER
 environment variable, you can rename 'git-cvsserver' to `cvs`.
 
@@ -154,15 +154,15 @@ with CVS_SERVER (and shouldn't) as 'git-shell' understands `cvs` to mean
    [gitcvs]
         enabled=1
         # optional for debugging
-        logfile=/path/to/logfile
+	logFile=/path/to/logfile
 
 ------
 Note: you need to ensure each user that is going to invoke 'git-cvsserver' has
 write access to the log file and to the database (see
 <<dbbackend,Database Backend>>. If you want to offer write access over
-SSH, the users of course also need write access to the git repository itself.
+SSH, the users of course also need write access to the Git repository itself.
 
-You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a git index
+You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a Git index
 file) for `cvs commit` to work. See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
 
 [[configaccessmethod]]
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
 3. If you didn't specify the CVSROOT/CVS_SERVER directly in the checkout command,
    automatically saving it in your 'CVS/Root' files, then you need to set them
    explicitly in your environment.  CVSROOT should be set as per normal, but the
-   directory should point at the appropriate git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
+   directory should point at the appropriate Git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
    _not_ restricted to 'git-shell', CVS_SERVER should be set to 'git-cvsserver'.
 +
 --
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
    shell is bash, .bashrc may be a reasonable alternative.
 
 5. Clients should now be able to check out the project. Use the CVS 'module'
-   name to indicate what GIT 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
+   name to indicate what Git 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
    name of your newly checked-out directory, unless you tell it otherwise with
    `-d <dir_name>`.  For example, this checks out 'master' branch to the
    `project-master` directory:
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
 Database Backend
 ----------------
 
-'git-cvsserver' uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to
+'git-cvsserver' uses one database per Git head (i.e. CVS module) to
 store information about the repository to maintain consistent
 CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be
 updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ the pserver method), 'git-cvsserver' should have write access to
 the database to work reliably (otherwise you need to make sure
 that the database is up-to-date any time 'git-cvsserver' is executed).
 
-By default it uses SQLite databases in the git directory, named
+By default it uses SQLite databases in the Git directory, named
 `gitcvs.<module_name>.sqlite`. Note that the SQLite backend creates
 temporary files in the same directory as the database file on
 write so it might not be enough to grant the users using
@@ -252,16 +252,16 @@ Configuring database backend
 
 'git-cvsserver' uses the Perl DBI module. Please also read
 its documentation if changing these variables, especially
-about `DBI\->connect()`.
+about `DBI->connect()`.
 
-gitcvs.dbname::
+gitcvs.dbName::
 	Database name. The exact meaning depends on the
 	selected database driver, for SQLite this is a filename.
 	Supports variable substitution (see below). May
 	not contain semicolons (`;`).
 	Default: '%Ggitcvs.%m.sqlite'
 
-gitcvs.dbdriver::
+gitcvs.dbDriver::
 	Used DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
 	for this here, but it might not work. cvsserver is tested
 	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with
@@ -271,12 +271,12 @@ gitcvs.dbdriver::
 	Default: 'SQLite'
 
 gitcvs.dbuser::
-	Database user. Only useful if setting `dbdriver`, since
+	Database user. Only useful if setting `dbDriver`, since
 	SQLite has no concept of database users. Supports variable
 	substitution (see below).
 
-gitcvs.dbpass::
-	Database password.  Only useful if setting `dbdriver`, since
+gitcvs.dbPass::
+	Database password.  Only useful if setting `dbDriver`, since
 	SQLite has no concept of database passwords.
 
 gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix::
@@ -288,17 +288,17 @@ All variables can also be set per access method, see <<configaccessmethod,above>
 
 Variable substitution
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-In `dbdriver` and `dbuser` you can use the following variables:
+In `dbDriver` and `dbUser` you can use the following variables:
 
 %G::
-	git directory name
+	Git directory name
 %g::
-	git directory name, where all characters except for
+	Git directory name, where all characters except for
 	alpha-numeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with
 	`_` (this should make it easier to use the directory
 	name in a filename if wanted)
 %m::
-	CVS module/git head name
+	CVS module/Git head name
 %a::
 	access method (one of "ext" or "pserver")
 %u::
@@ -359,6 +359,43 @@ Operations supported
 
 All the operations required for normal use are supported, including
 checkout, diff, status, update, log, add, remove, commit.
+
+Most CVS command arguments that read CVS tags or revision numbers
+(typically -r) work, and also support any git refspec
+(tag, branch, commit ID, etc).
+However, CVS revision numbers for non-default branches are not well
+emulated, and cvs log does not show tags or branches at
+all.  (Non-main-branch CVS revision numbers superficially resemble CVS
+revision numbers, but they actually encode a git commit ID directly,
+rather than represent the number of revisions since the branch point.)
+
+Note that there are two ways to checkout a particular branch.
+As described elsewhere on this page, the "module" parameter
+of cvs checkout is interpreted as a branch name, and it becomes
+the main branch.  It remains the main branch for a given sandbox
+even if you temporarily make another branch sticky with
+cvs update -r.  Alternatively, the -r argument can indicate
+some other branch to actually checkout, even though the module
+is still the "main" branch.  Tradeoffs (as currently
+implemented): Each new "module" creates a new database on disk with
+a history for the given module, and after the database is created,
+operations against that main branch are fast.  Or alternatively,
+-r doesn't take any extra disk space, but may be significantly slower for
+many operations, like cvs update.
+
+If you want to refer to a git refspec that has characters that are
+not allowed by CVS, you have two options.  First, it may just work
+to supply the git refspec directly to the appropriate CVS -r argument;
+some CVS clients don't seem to do much sanity checking of the argument.
+Second, if that fails, you can use a special character escape mechanism
+that only uses characters that are valid in CVS tags.  A sequence
+of 4 or 5 characters of the form (underscore (`"_"`), dash (`"-"`),
+one or two characters, and dash (`"-"`)) can encode various characters based
+on the one or two letters: `"s"` for slash (`"/"`), `"p"` for
+period (`"."`), `"u"` for underscore (`"_"`), or two hexadecimal digits
+for any byte value at all (typically an ASCII number, or perhaps a part
+of a UTF-8 encoded character).
+
 Legacy monitoring operations are not supported (edit, watch and related).
 Exports and tagging (tags and branches) are not supported at this stage.
 
@@ -376,16 +413,16 @@ about end-of-line conversion.
 
 Alternatively, if `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` config is not enabled
 or the attributes do not allow automatic detection for a filename, then
-the server uses the `gitcvs.allbinary` config for the default setting.
-If `gitcvs.allbinary` is set, then file not otherwise
+the server uses the `gitcvs.allBinary` config for the default setting.
+If `gitcvs.allBinary` is set, then file not otherwise
 specified will default to '-kb' mode. Otherwise the '-k' mode
-is left blank. But if `gitcvs.allbinary` is set to "guess", then
+is left blank. But if `gitcvs.allBinary` is set to "guess", then
 the correct '-k' mode will be guessed based on the contents of
 the file.
 
 For best consistency with 'cvs', it is probably best to override the
 defaults by setting `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` to true,
-and `gitcvs.allbinary` to "guess".
+and `gitcvs.allBinary` to "guess".
 
 Dependencies
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
index 31b28fc29f..dc20275825 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-daemon(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories
+git-daemon - A really simple server for Git repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,17 +16,20 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=<file>]
 	     [--enable=<service>] [--disable=<service>]
 	     [--allow-override=<service>] [--forbid-override=<service>]
-	     [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]
+	     [--access-hook=<path>] [--[no-]informative-errors]
+	     [--inetd |
+	      [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]
+	      [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]]
 	     [<directory>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A really simple TCP git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
+A really simple TCP Git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
 aka 9418.  It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve
 that service if it is enabled.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and
-it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
+it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
 for export this way (unless the '--export-all' parameter is specified). If you
 pass some directory paths as 'git daemon' arguments, you can further restrict
 the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ By default, only `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
 from 'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'.
 
 This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from
-git repositories.
+Git repositories.
 
 An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git archive'.
 
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --base-path=<path>::
 	Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path.
-	This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
+	This is sort of "Git root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
 	'--base-path=/srv/git' on example.com, then if you later try to pull
 	'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git daemon' will interpret the path
 	as '/srv/git/hello.git'.
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	whitelist.
 
 --export-all::
-	Allow pulling from all directories that look like GIT repositories
+	Allow pulling from all directories that look like Git repositories
 	(have the 'objects' and 'refs' subdirectories), even if they
 	do not have the 'git-daemon-export-ok' file.
 
@@ -146,6 +149,13 @@ OPTIONS
 Giving these options is an error when used with `--inetd`; use
 the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 'git daemon' if needed.
++
+Like many programs that switch user id, the daemon does not reset
+environment variables such as `$HOME` when it runs git programs,
+e.g. `upload-pack` and `receive-pack`. When using this option, you
+may also want to set and export `HOME` to point at the home
+directory of `<user>` before starting the daemon, and make sure any
+Git configuration files in that directory are readable by `<user>`.
 
 --enable=<service>::
 --disable=<service>::
@@ -159,10 +169,9 @@ the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 --forbid-override=<service>::
 	Allow/forbid overriding the site-wide default with per
 	repository configuration.  By default, all the services
-	are overridable.
+	may be overridden.
 
---informative-errors::
---no-informative-errors::
+--[no-]informative-errors::
 	When informative errors are turned on, git-daemon will report
 	more verbose errors to the client, differentiating conditions
 	like "no such repository" from "repository not exported". This
@@ -171,6 +180,21 @@ the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 	errors are not enabled, all errors report "access denied" to the
 	client. The default is --no-informative-errors.
 
+--access-hook=<path>::
+	Every time a client connects, first run an external command
+	specified by the <path> with service name (e.g. "upload-pack"),
+	path to the repository, hostname (%H), canonical hostname
+	(%CH), IP address (%IP), and TCP port (%P) as its command-line
+	arguments. The external command can decide to decline the
+	service by exiting with a non-zero status (or to allow it by
+	exiting with a zero status).  It can also look at the $REMOTE_ADDR
+	and `$REMOTE_PORT` environment variables to learn about the
+	requestor when making this decision.
++
+The external command can optionally write a single line to its
+standard output to be sent to the requestor as an error message when
+it declines the service.
+
 <directory>::
 	A directory to add to the whitelist of allowed directories. Unless
 	--strict-paths is specified this will also include subdirectories
@@ -180,7 +204,7 @@ SERVICES
 --------
 
 These services can be globally enabled/disabled using the
-command line options of this command.  If a finer-grained
+command-line options of this command.  If finer-grained
 control is desired (e.g. to allow 'git archive' to be run
 against only in a few selected repositories the daemon serves),
 the per-repository configuration file can be used to enable or
@@ -204,7 +228,7 @@ receive-pack::
 	can push anything into the repository, including removal
 	of refs).  This is solely meant for a closed LAN setting
 	where everybody is friendly.  This service can be
-	enabled by `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to
+	enabled by setting `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to
 	`true`.
 
 EXAMPLES
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
index 039cce2e98..c8f28c8c86 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ git-describe(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-describe - Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit
+git-describe - Describe a commit using the most recent tag reachable from it
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>...
+'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] [<commit-ish>...]
 'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ see the -a and -s options to linkgit:git-tag[1].
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<committish>...::
-	Committish object names to describe.
+<commit-ish>...::
+	Commit-ish object names to describe.  Defaults to HEAD if omitted.
 
 --dirty[=<mark>]::
 	Describe the working tree.
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --all::
 	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any ref
-	found in `.git/refs/`.  This option enables matching
+	found in `refs/` namespace.  This option enables matching
 	any known branch, remote-tracking branch, or lightweight tag.
 
 --tags::
 	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any tag
-	found in `.git/refs/tags`.  This option enables matching
+	found in `refs/tags` namespace.  This option enables matching
 	a lightweight (non-annotated) tag.
 
 --contains::
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --candidates=<n>::
 	Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as
-	candidates to describe the input committish consider
+	candidates to describe the input commit-ish consider
 	up to <n> candidates.  Increasing <n> above 10 will take
 	slightly longer but may produce a more accurate result.
 	An <n> of 0 will cause only exact matches to be output.
@@ -81,12 +81,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	that points at object deadbee....).
 
 --match <pattern>::
-	Only consider tags matching the given pattern (can be used to avoid
-	leaking private tags made from the repository).
+	Only consider tags matching the given `glob(7)` pattern,
+	excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.  This can be used to avoid
+	leaking private tags from the repository.
 
 --always::
 	Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback.
 
+--first-parent::
+	Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit.
+	This is useful when you wish to not match tags on branches merged
+	in the history of the target commit.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -131,7 +137,7 @@ closest tagname without any suffix:
 
 Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be
 longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your
-git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
+Git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
 975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not
 be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 
@@ -139,7 +145,7 @@ be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 SEARCH STRATEGY
 ---------------
 
-For each committish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
+For each commit-ish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
 a tag which tags exactly that commit.  Annotated tags will always
 be preferred over lightweight tags, and tags with newer dates will
 always be preferred over tags with older dates.  If an exact match
@@ -148,10 +154,12 @@ is found, its name will be output and searching will stop.
 If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back
 through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which
 has been tagged.  The ancestor's tag will be output along with an
-abbreviation of the input committish's SHA1.
+abbreviation of the input commit-ish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was
+specified then the walk will only consider the first parent of each
+commit.
 
 If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which
-has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be
+has the fewest commits different from the input commit-ish will be
 selected and output.  Here fewest commits different is defined as
 the number of commits which would be shown by `git log tag..input`
 will be the smallest number of commits possible.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
index c0b7c581ad..a86cf62e68 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-diff-index(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-diff-index - Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository
+git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree
-object with the content of the current index and, optionally
-ignoring the stat state of the file on disk.  When paths are
-specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
-entries in the index are compared.
+Compares the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object
+with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the
+corresponding paths in the index.  When <path> arguments are present,
+compares only paths matching those patterns.  Otherwise all tracked
+files are compared.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
index f8d0819113..bbab35fcaf 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
@@ -12,25 +12,31 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git diff' [options] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]
+'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>
 'git diff' [options] [--no-index] [--] <path> <path>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
-between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, or changes
-between two files on disk.
+between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes between
+two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk.
 
 'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
 
 	This form is to view the changes you made relative to
 	the index (staging area for the next commit).  In other
-	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell git to
+	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell Git to
 	further add to the index but you still haven't.  You can
 	stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1].
-+
-If exactly two paths are given and at least one points outside
-the current repository, 'git diff' will compare the two files /
-directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
+
+'git diff' --no-index [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This form is to compare the given two paths on the
+	filesystem.  You can omit the `--no-index` option when
+	running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and
+	at least one of the paths points outside the working tree,
+	or when running the command outside a working tree
+	controlled by Git.
 
 'git diff' [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
 
@@ -38,7 +44,7 @@ directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
 	commit relative to the named <commit>.  Typically you
 	would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you
 	do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD.
-	If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborned branches) and
+	If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborn branches) and
 	<commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes.
 	--staged is a synonym of --cached.
 
@@ -72,8 +78,7 @@ directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
 Just in case if you are doing something exotic, it should be
 noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
 in the last two forms that use ".." notations, can be any
-<tree>.  The third form ('git diff <commit> <commit>') can also
-be used to compare two <blob> objects.
+<tree>.
 
 For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
@@ -82,6 +87,11 @@ and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and
 "<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
 "SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 
+'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>::
+
+	This form is to view the differences between the raw
+	contents of two blob objects.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 :git-diff: 1
@@ -148,8 +158,8 @@ $ git diff --name-status                <2>
 $ git diff arch/i386 include/asm-i386   <3>
 ------------
 +
-<1> Show only modification, rename and copy, but not addition
-nor deletion.
+<1> Show only modification, rename, and copy, but not addition
+or deletion.
 <2> Show only names and the nature of change, but not actual
 diff output.
 <3> Limit diff output to named subtrees.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
index 19d473c070..333cf6ff91 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
@@ -12,13 +12,19 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
+'git difftool' is a Git command that allows you to compare and edit files
 between revisions using common diff tools.  'git difftool' is a frontend
 to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments. See
 linkgit:git-diff[1].
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+-d::
+--dir-diff::
+	Copy the modified files to a temporary location and perform
+	a directory diff on them. This mode never prompts before
+	launching the diff tool.
+
 -y::
 --no-prompt::
 	Do not prompt before launching a diff tool.
@@ -30,10 +36,9 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -t <tool>::
 --tool=<tool>::
-	Use the diff tool specified by <tool>.
-	Valid diff tools are:
-	araxis, bc3, diffuse, emerge, ecmerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3,
-	kompare, meld, opendiff, p4merge, tkdiff, vimdiff and xxdiff.
+	Use the diff tool specified by <tool>.  Valid values include
+	emerge, kompare, meld, and vimdiff. Run `git difftool --tool-help`
+	for the list of valid <tool> settings.
 +
 If a diff tool is not specified, 'git difftool'
 will use the configuration variable `diff.tool`.  If the
@@ -61,6 +66,18 @@ of the diff post-image.  `$MERGED` is the name of the file which is
 being compared. `$BASE` is provided for compatibility
 with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$MERGED`.
 
+--tool-help::
+	Print a list of diff tools that may be used with `--tool`.
+
+--[no-]symlinks::
+	'git difftool''s default behavior is create symlinks to the
+	working tree when run in `--dir-diff` mode and the right-hand
+	side of the comparison yields the same content as the file in
+	the working tree.
++
+Specifying `--no-symlinks` instructs 'git difftool' to create copies
+instead.  `--no-symlinks` is the default on Windows.
+
 -x <command>::
 --extcmd=<command>::
 	Specify a custom command for viewing diffs.
@@ -74,6 +91,15 @@ with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$MERGED`.
 	the default diff tool will be read from the configured
 	`diff.guitool` variable instead of `diff.tool`.
 
+--[no-]trust-exit-code::
+	'git-difftool' invokes a diff tool individually on each file.
+	Errors reported by the diff tool are ignored by default.
+	Use `--trust-exit-code` to make 'git-difftool' exit when an
+	invoked diff tool returns a non-zero exit code.
++
+'git-difftool' will forward the exit code of the invoked tool when
+'--trust-exit-code' is used.
+
 See linkgit:git-diff[1] for the full list of supported options.
 
 CONFIG VARIABLES
@@ -99,6 +125,11 @@ See the `--tool=<tool>` option above for more details.
 difftool.prompt::
 	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
 
+difftool.trustExitCode::
+	Exit difftool if the invoked diff tool returns a non-zero exit status.
++
+See the `--trust-exit-code` option above for more details.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-diff[1]::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
index f37eada63a..ed57c684db 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -27,15 +27,17 @@ OPTIONS
 	Insert 'progress' statements every <n> objects, to be shown by
 	'git fast-import' during import.
 
---signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|strip|abort)::
+--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|warn-strip|strip|abort)::
 	Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
 	after the export can change the tag names (which can also happen
 	when excluding revisions) the signatures will not match.
 +
 When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
-when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will be made
-unsigned, with 'verbatim', they will be silently exported
-and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a warning.
+when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will silently
+be made unsigned, with 'warn-strip' they will be made unsigned but a
+warning will be displayed, with 'verbatim', they will be silently
+exported and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a
+warning.
 
 --tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)::
 	Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
@@ -65,15 +67,17 @@ produced incorrect results if you gave these options.
 	have been completed, or to save the marks table across
 	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
 	at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
-	\--import-marks.
+	--import-marks.
+	The file will not be written if no new object has been
+	marked/exported.
 
 --import-marks=<file>::
 	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
 	<file>.  The input file must exist, must be readable, and
-	must use the same format as produced by \--export-marks.
+	must use the same format as produced by --export-marks.
 +
 Any commits that have already been marked will not be exported again.
-If the backend uses a similar \--import-marks file, this allows for
+If the backend uses a similar --import-marks file, this allows for
 incremental bidirectional exporting of the repository by keeping the
 marks the same across runs.
 
@@ -101,12 +105,21 @@ marks the same across runs.
 	in the commit (as opposed to just listing the files which are
 	different from the commit's first parent).
 
+--anonymize::
+	Anonymize the contents of the repository while still retaining
+	the shape of the history and stored tree.  See the section on
+	`ANONYMIZING` below.
+
+--refspec::
+	Apply the specified refspec to each ref exported. Multiple of them can
+	be specified.
+
 [<git-rev-list-args>...]::
-       A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
-       'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
-       to export.  For example, `master{tilde}10..master` causes the
-       current master reference to be exported along with all objects
-       added since its 10th ancestor commit.
+	A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
+	'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
+	to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
+	current master reference to be exported along with all objects
+	added since its 10th ancestor commit.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -133,13 +146,73 @@ referenced by that revision range contains the string
 'refs/heads/master'.
 
 
+ANONYMIZING
+-----------
+
+If the `--anonymize` option is given, git will attempt to remove all
+identifying information from the repository while still retaining enough
+of the original tree and history patterns to reproduce some bugs. The
+goal is that a git bug which is found on a private repository will
+persist in the anonymized repository, and the latter can be shared with
+git developers to help solve the bug.
+
+With this option, git will replace all refnames, paths, blob contents,
+commit and tag messages, names, and email addresses in the output with
+anonymized data.  Two instances of the same string will be replaced
+equivalently (e.g., two commits with the same author will have the same
+anonymized author in the output, but bear no resemblance to the original
+author string). The relationship between commits, branches, and tags is
+retained, as well as the commit timestamps (but the commit messages and
+refnames bear no resemblance to the originals). The relative makeup of
+the tree is retained (e.g., if you have a root tree with 10 files and 3
+trees, so will the output), but their names and the contents of the
+files will be replaced.
+
+If you think you have found a git bug, you can start by exporting an
+anonymized stream of the whole repository:
+
+---------------------------------------------------
+$ git fast-export --anonymize --all >anon-stream
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+Then confirm that the bug persists in a repository created from that
+stream (many bugs will not, as they really do depend on the exact
+repository contents):
+
+---------------------------------------------------
+$ git init anon-repo
+$ cd anon-repo
+$ git fast-import <../anon-stream
+$ ... test your bug ...
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+If the anonymized repository shows the bug, it may be worth sharing
+`anon-stream` along with a regular bug report. Note that the anonymized
+stream compresses very well, so gzipping it is encouraged. If you want
+to examine the stream to see that it does not contain any private data,
+you can peruse it directly before sending. You may also want to try:
+
+---------------------------------------------------
+$ perl -pe 's/\d+/X/g' <anon-stream | sort -u | less
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+which shows all of the unique lines (with numbers converted to "X", to
+collapse "User 0", "User 1", etc into "User X"). This produces a much
+smaller output, and it is usually easy to quickly confirm that there is
+no private data in the stream.
+
+
 Limitations
 -----------
 
 Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be
-able to export the linux-2.6.git repository completely, as it contains
+able to export the linux.git repository completely, as it contains
 a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.
 
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fast-import[1]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index ec6ef31197..644df993f9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -33,34 +33,46 @@ the frontend program in use.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---date-format=<fmt>::
-	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
-	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
-	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
-	are supported, and their syntax.
 
 --force::
 	Force updating modified existing branches, even if doing
 	so would cause commits to be lost (as the new commit does
 	not contain the old commit).
 
---max-pack-size=<n>::
-	Maximum size of each output packfile.
-	The default is unlimited.
+--quiet::
+	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
+	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
+	--stats.
 
---big-file-threshold=<n>::
-	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
-	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
-	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
-	with constrained memory.
+--stats::
+	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
+	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
+	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
+	is currently the default, but can be disabled with --quiet.
 
---depth=<n>::
-	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
-	Default is 10.
+Options for Frontends
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---active-branches=<n>::
-	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
-	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
+--cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
+	Write responses to `get-mark`, `cat-blob`, and `ls` queries to the
+	file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`.  Allows `progress`
+	output intended for the end-user to be separated from other
+	output.
+
+--date-format=<fmt>::
+	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
+	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
+	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
+	are supported, and their syntax.
+
+--done::
+	Terminate with error if there is no `done` command at the end of
+	the stream.  This option might be useful for detecting errors
+	that cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
+	write a stream.
+
+Locations of Marks Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --export-marks=<file>::
 	Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete.
@@ -69,12 +81,12 @@ OPTIONS
 	have been completed, or to save the marks table across
 	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
 	at checkpoint (or completion) the same path can also be
-	safely given to \--import-marks.
+	safely given to --import-marks.
 
 --import-marks=<file>::
 	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
 	<file>.  The input file must exist, must be readable, and
-	must use the same format as produced by \--export-marks.
+	must use the same format as produced by --export-marks.
 	Multiple options may be supplied to import more than one
 	set of marks.  If a mark is defined to different values,
 	the last file wins.
@@ -83,30 +95,33 @@ OPTIONS
 	Like --import-marks but instead of erroring out, silently
 	skips the file if it does not exist.
 
---relative-marks::
+--[no-]relative-marks::
 	After specifying --relative-marks the paths specified
 	with --import-marks= and --export-marks= are relative
 	to an internal directory in the current repository.
 	In git-fast-import this means that the paths are relative
 	to the .git/info/fast-import directory. However, other
 	importers may use a different location.
++
+Relative and non-relative marks may be combined by interweaving
+--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks= options.
 
---no-relative-marks::
-	Negates a previous --relative-marks. Allows for combining
-	relative and non-relative marks by interweaving
-	--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks=
-	options.
+Performance and Compression Tuning
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
-	Specify the file descriptor that will be written to
-	when the `cat-blob` command is encountered in the stream.
-	The default behaviour is to write to `stdout`.
+--active-branches=<n>::
+	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
+	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
 
---done::
-	Require a `done` command at the end of the stream.
-	This option might be useful for detecting errors that
-	cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
-	write a stream.
+--big-file-threshold=<n>::
+	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
+	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
+	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
+	with constrained memory.
+
+--depth=<n>::
+	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
+	Default is 10.
 
 --export-pack-edges=<file>::
 	After creating a packfile, print a line of data to
@@ -117,17 +132,12 @@ OPTIONS
 	as these commits can be used as edge points during calls
 	to 'git pack-objects'.
 
---quiet::
-	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
-	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
-	\--stats.
-
---stats::
-	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
-	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
-	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
-	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
+--max-pack-size=<n>::
+	Maximum size of each output packfile.
+	The default is unlimited.
 
+fastimport.unpackLimit::
+	See linkgit:git-config[1]
 
 Performance
 -----------
@@ -171,8 +181,8 @@ fast-forward update, fast-import will skip updating that ref and instead
 prints a warning message.  fast-import will always attempt to update all
 branch refs, and does not stop on the first failure.
 
-Branch updates can be forced with \--force, but it's recommended that
-this only be used on an otherwise quiet repository.  Using \--force
+Branch updates can be forced with --force, but it's recommended that
+this only be used on an otherwise quiet repository.  Using --force
 is not necessary for an initial import into an empty repository.
 
 
@@ -223,11 +233,11 @@ Date Formats
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The following date formats are supported.  A frontend should select
 the format it will use for this import by passing the format name
-in the \--date-format=<fmt> command line option.
+in the --date-format=<fmt> command-line option.
 
 `raw`::
 	This is the Git native format and is `<time> SP <offutc>`.
-	It is also fast-import's default format, if \--date-format was
+	It is also fast-import's default format, if --date-format was
 	not specified.
 +
 The time of the event is specified by `<time>` as the number of
@@ -243,7 +253,7 @@ advisement to help formatting routines display the timestamp.
 If the local offset is not available in the source material, use
 ``+0000'', or the most common local offset.  For example many
 organizations have a CVS repository which has only ever been accessed
-by users who are located in the same location and timezone.  In this
+by users who are located in the same location and time zone.  In this
 case a reasonable offset from UTC could be assumed.
 +
 Unlike the `rfc2822` format, this format is very strict.  Any
@@ -263,7 +273,7 @@ the malformed string.  There are also some types of malformed
 strings which Git will parse wrong, and yet consider valid.
 Seriously malformed strings will be rejected.
 +
-Unlike the `raw` format above, the timezone/UTC offset information
+Unlike the `raw` format above, the time zone/UTC offset information
 contained in an RFC 2822 date string is used to adjust the date
 value to UTC prior to storage.  Therefore it is important that
 this information be as accurate as possible.
@@ -279,13 +289,13 @@ format, or its format is easily convertible to it, as there is no
 ambiguity in parsing.
 
 `now`::
-	Always use the current time and timezone.  The literal
+	Always use the current time and time zone.  The literal
 	`now` must always be supplied for `<when>`.
 +
-This is a toy format.  The current time and timezone of this system
+This is a toy format.  The current time and time zone of this system
 is always copied into the identity string at the time it is being
 created by fast-import.  There is no way to specify a different time or
-timezone.
+time zone.
 +
 This particular format is supplied as it's short to implement and
 may be useful to a process that wants to create a new commit
@@ -340,7 +350,12 @@ and control the current import process.  More detailed discussion
 `done`::
 	Marks the end of the stream. This command is optional
 	unless the `done` feature was requested using the
-	`--done` command line option or `feature done` command.
+	`--done` command-line option or `feature done` command.
+
+`get-mark`::
+	Causes fast-import to print the SHA-1 corresponding to a mark
+	to the file descriptor set with `--cat-blob-fd`, or `stdout` if
+	unspecified.
 
 `cat-blob`::
 	Causes fast-import to print a blob in 'cat-file --batch'
@@ -353,8 +368,8 @@ and control the current import process.  More detailed discussion
 	`--cat-blob-fd` or `stdout` if unspecified.
 
 `feature`::
-	Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or
-	abort if it does not.
+	Enable the specified feature. This requires that fast-import
+	supports the specified feature, and aborts if it does not.
 
 `option`::
 	Specify any of the options listed under OPTIONS that do not
@@ -372,8 +387,8 @@ change to the project.
 	('author' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)?
 	'committer' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
-	('merge' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
+	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
 	LF?
 ....
@@ -422,14 +437,14 @@ they made it.
 
 Here `<name>` is the person's display name (for example
 ``Com M Itter'') and `<email>` is the person's email address
-(``cm@example.com'').  `LT` and `GT` are the literal less-than (\x3c)
+(``\cm@example.com'').  `LT` and `GT` are the literal less-than (\x3c)
 and greater-than (\x3e) symbols.  These are required to delimit
 the email address from the other fields in the line.  Note that
 `<name>` and `<email>` are free-form and may contain any sequence
 of bytes, except `LT`, `GT` and `LF`.  `<name>` is typically UTF-8 encoded.
 
 The time of the change is specified by `<when>` using the date format
-that was selected by the \--date-format=<fmt> command line option.
+that was selected by the --date-format=<fmt> command-line option.
 See ``Date Formats'' above for the set of supported formats, and
 their syntax.
 
@@ -437,7 +452,9 @@ their syntax.
 ^^^^^^
 The `from` command is used to specify the commit to initialize
 this branch from.  This revision will be the first ancestor of the
-new commit.
+new commit.  The state of the tree built at this commit will begin
+with the state at the `from` commit, and be altered by the content
+modifications in this commit.
 
 Omitting the `from` command in the first commit of a new branch
 will cause fast-import to create that commit with no ancestor. This
@@ -450,9 +467,9 @@ as the current commit on that branch is automatically assumed to
 be the first ancestor of the new commit.
 
 As `LF` is not valid in a Git refname or SHA-1 expression, no
-quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<committish>`.
+quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<commit-ish>`.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the following:
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the following:
 
 * The name of an existing branch already in fast-import's internal branch
   table.  If fast-import doesn't know the name, it's treated as a SHA-1
@@ -473,31 +490,32 @@ Marks must be declared (via `mark`) before they can be used.
 * Any valid Git SHA-1 expression that resolves to a commit.  See
   ``SPECIFYING REVISIONS'' in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for details.
 
+* The special null SHA-1 (40 zeros) specifies that the branch is to be
+  removed.
+
 The special case of restarting an incremental import from the
 current branch value should be written as:
 ----
 	from refs/heads/branch^0
 ----
-The `{caret}0` suffix is necessary as fast-import does not permit a branch to
+The `^0` suffix is necessary as fast-import does not permit a branch to
 start from itself, and the branch is created in memory before the
-`from` command is even read from the input.  Adding `{caret}0` will force
+`from` command is even read from the input.  Adding `^0` will force
 fast-import to resolve the commit through Git's revision parsing library,
 rather than its internal branch table, thereby loading in the
 existing value of the branch.
 
 `merge`
 ^^^^^^^
-Includes one additional ancestor commit.  If the `from` command is
+Includes one additional ancestor commit.  The additional ancestry
+link does not change the way the tree state is built at this commit.
+If the `from` command is
 omitted when creating a new branch, the first `merge` commit will be
 the first ancestor of the current commit, and the branch will start
 out with no files.  An unlimited number of `merge` commands per
 commit are permitted by fast-import, thereby establishing an n-way merge.
-However Git's other tools never create commits with more than 15
-additional ancestors (forming a 16-way merge).  For this reason
-it is suggested that frontends do not use more than 15 `merge`
-commands per commit; 16, if starting a new, empty branch.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
 also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `filemodify`
@@ -553,8 +571,12 @@ A `<path>` string must use UNIX-style directory separators (forward
 slash `/`), may contain any byte other than `LF`, and must not
 start with double quote (`"`).
 
-If an `LF` or double quote must be encoded into `<path>` shell-style
-quoting should be used, e.g. `"path/with\n and \" in it"`.
+A path can use C-style string quoting; this is accepted in all cases
+and mandatory if the filename starts with double quote or contains
+`LF`. In C-style quoting, the complete name should be surrounded with
+double quotes, and any `LF`, backslash, or double quote characters
+must be escaped by preceding them with a backslash (e.g.,
+`"path/with\n, \\ and \" in it"`).
 
 The value of `<path>` must be in canonical form. That is it must not:
 
@@ -585,7 +607,7 @@ be removed from the branch.
 See `filemodify` above for a detailed description of `<path>`.
 
 `filecopy`
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^
 Recursively copies an existing file or subdirectory to a different
 location within the branch.  The existing file or directory must
 exist.  If the destination exists it will be completely replaced
@@ -661,8 +683,8 @@ paths for a commit are encouraged to do so.
 `notemodify`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Included in a `commit` `<notes_ref>` command to add a new note
-annotating a `<committish>` or change this annotation contents.
-Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<committish>`
+annotating a `<commit-ish>` or change this annotation contents.
+Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<commit-ish>`
 path (maybe split into subdirectories). It's not advised to
 use any other commands to write to the `<notes_ref>` tree except
 `filedeleteall` to delete all existing notes in this tree.
@@ -675,7 +697,7 @@ External data format::
 	commit that is to be annotated.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP <dataref> SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP <dataref> SP <commit-ish> LF
 ....
 +
 Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
@@ -688,13 +710,13 @@ Inline data format::
 	command.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP 'inline' SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP 'inline' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	data
 ....
 +
 See below for a detailed description of the `data` command.
 
-In both formats `<committish>` is any of the commit specification
+In both formats `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification
 expressions also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `mark`
@@ -725,7 +747,7 @@ lightweight (non-annotated) tags see the `reset` command below.
 
 ....
 	'tag' SP <name> LF
-	'from' SP <committish> LF
+	'from' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
 ....
@@ -770,11 +792,11 @@ branch from an existing commit without creating a new commit.
 
 ....
 	'reset' SP <ref> LF
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	LF?
 ....
 
-For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<committish>` see above
+For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<commit-ish>` see above
 under `commit` and `from`.
 
 The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
@@ -873,7 +895,7 @@ save out all current branch refs, tags and marks.
 ....
 
 Note that fast-import automatically switches packfiles when the current
-packfile reaches \--max-pack-size, or 4 GiB, whichever limit is
+packfile reaches --max-pack-size, or 4 GiB, whichever limit is
 smaller.  During an automatic packfile switch fast-import does not update
 the branch refs, tags or marks.
 
@@ -915,6 +937,25 @@ Placing a `progress` command immediately after a `checkpoint` will
 inform the reader when the `checkpoint` has been completed and it
 can safely access the refs that fast-import updated.
 
+`get-mark`
+~~~~~~~~~~
+Causes fast-import to print the SHA-1 corresponding to a mark to
+stdout or to the file descriptor previously arranged with the
+`--cat-blob-fd` argument. The command otherwise has no impact on the
+current import; its purpose is to retrieve SHA-1s that later commits
+might want to refer to in their commit messages.
+
+....
+	'get-mark' SP ':' <idnum> LF
+....
+
+This command can be used anywhere in the stream that comments are
+accepted.  In particular, the `get-mark` command can be used in the
+middle of a commit but not in the middle of a `data` command.
+
+See ``Responses To Commands'' below for details about how to read
+this output safely.
+
 `cat-blob`
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 Causes fast-import to print a blob to a file descriptor previously
@@ -942,6 +983,9 @@ This command can be used anywhere in the stream that comments are
 accepted.  In particular, the `cat-blob` command can be used in the
 middle of a commit but not in the middle of a `data` command.
 
+See ``Responses To Commands'' below for details about how to read
+this output safely.
+
 `ls`
 ~~~~
 Prints information about the object at a path to a file descriptor
@@ -975,14 +1019,15 @@ Reading from a named tree::
 
 See `filemodify` above for a detailed description of `<path>`.
 
-Output uses the same format as `git ls-tree <tree> {litdd} <path>`:
+Output uses the same format as `git ls-tree <tree> -- <path>`:
 
 ====
 	<mode> SP ('blob' | 'tree' | 'commit') SP <dataref> HT <path> LF
 ====
 
 The <dataref> represents the blob, tree, or commit object at <path>
-and can be used in later 'cat-blob', 'filemodify', or 'ls' commands.
+and can be used in later 'get-mark', 'cat-blob', 'filemodify', or
+'ls' commands.
 
 If there is no file or subtree at that path, 'git fast-import' will
 instead report
@@ -991,6 +1036,9 @@ instead report
 	missing SP <path> LF
 ====
 
+See ``Responses To Commands'' below for details about how to read
+this output safely.
+
 `feature`
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or abort if
@@ -1021,9 +1069,11 @@ import-marks-if-exists::
 	"feature import-marks-if-exists" like a corresponding
 	command-line option silently skips a nonexistent file.
 
+get-mark::
 cat-blob::
 ls::
-	Require that the backend support the 'cat-blob' or 'ls' command.
+	Require that the backend support the 'get-mark', 'cat-blob',
+	or 'ls' command respectively.
 	Versions of fast-import not supporting the specified command
 	will exit with a message indicating so.
 	This lets the import error out early with a clear message,
@@ -1040,7 +1090,9 @@ done::
 	Error out if the stream ends without a 'done' command.
 	Without this feature, errors causing the frontend to end
 	abruptly at a convenient point in the stream can go
-	undetected.
+	undetected.  This may occur, for example, if an import
+	front end dies in mid-operation without emitting SIGTERM
+	or SIGKILL at its subordinate git fast-import instance.
 
 `option`
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -1061,7 +1113,7 @@ Option commands must be the first commands on the input (not counting
 feature commands), to give an option command after any non-option
 command is an error.
 
-The following commandline options change import semantics and may therefore
+The following command-line options change import semantics and may therefore
 not be passed as option:
 
 * date-format
@@ -1075,10 +1127,39 @@ not be passed as option:
 If the `done` feature is not in use, treated as if EOF was read.
 This can be used to tell fast-import to finish early.
 
-If the `--done` command line option or `feature done` command is
+If the `--done` command-line option or `feature done` command is
 in use, the `done` command is mandatory and marks the end of the
 stream.
 
+Responses To Commands
+---------------------
+New objects written by fast-import are not available immediately.
+Most fast-import commands have no visible effect until the next
+checkpoint (or completion).  The frontend can send commands to
+fill fast-import's input pipe without worrying about how quickly
+they will take effect, which improves performance by simplifying
+scheduling.
+
+For some frontends, though, it is useful to be able to read back
+data from the current repository as it is being updated (for
+example when the source material describes objects in terms of
+patches to be applied to previously imported objects).  This can
+be accomplished by connecting the frontend and fast-import via
+bidirectional pipes:
+
+====
+	mkfifo fast-import-output
+	frontend <fast-import-output |
+	git fast-import >fast-import-output
+====
+
+A frontend set up this way can use `progress`, `get-mark`, `ls`, and
+`cat-blob` commands to read information from the import in progress.
+
+To avoid deadlock, such frontends must completely consume any
+pending output from `progress`, `ls`, `get-mark`, and `cat-blob` before
+performing writes to fast-import that might block.
+
 Crash Reports
 -------------
 If fast-import is supplied invalid input it will terminate with a
@@ -1174,7 +1255,7 @@ users of fast-import, and are offered here as suggestions.
 Use One Mark Per Commit
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 When doing a repository conversion, use a unique mark per commit
-(`mark :<n>`) and supply the \--export-marks option on the command
+(`mark :<n>`) and supply the --export-marks option on the command
 line.  fast-import will dump a file which lists every mark and the Git
 object SHA-1 that corresponds to it.  If the frontend can tie
 the marks back to the source repository, it is easy to verify the
@@ -1239,7 +1320,7 @@ even for considerably large projects (100,000+ commits).
 
 However repacking the repository is necessary to improve data
 locality and access performance.  It can also take hours on extremely
-large projects (especially if -f and a large \--window parameter is
+large projects (especially if -f and a large --window parameter is
 used).  Since repacking is safe to run alongside readers and writers,
 run the repack in the background and let it finish when it finishes.
 There is no reason to wait to explore your new Git project!
@@ -1253,7 +1334,7 @@ Repacking Historical Data
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 If you are repacking very old imported data (e.g. older than the
 last year), consider expending some extra CPU time and supplying
-\--window=50 (or higher) when you run 'git repack'.
+--window=50 (or higher) when you run 'git repack'.
 This will take longer, but will also produce a smaller packfile.
 You only need to expend the effort once, and everyone using your
 project will benefit from the smaller repository.
@@ -1355,7 +1436,7 @@ branch, their in-memory storage size can grow to a considerable size
 fast-import automatically moves active branches to inactive status based on
 a simple least-recently-used algorithm.  The LRU chain is updated on
 each `commit` command.  The maximum number of active branches can be
-increased or decreased on the command line with \--active-branches=.
+increased or decreased on the command line with --active-branches=.
 
 per active tree
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -1385,6 +1466,10 @@ operator can use this facility to peek at the objects and refs from an
 import in progress, at the cost of some added running time and worse
 compression.
 
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fast-export[1]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
index ed1bdaacd1..239623cc24 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ git-fetch-pack - Receive missing objects from another repository
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]
+'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag]
+	[--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>]
+	[--depth=<n>] [--no-progress]
+	[-v] <repository> [<refs>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -32,6 +35,16 @@ OPTIONS
 --all::
 	Fetch all remote refs.
 
+--stdin::
+	Take the list of refs from stdin, one per line. If there
+	are refs specified on the command line in addition to this
+	option, then the refs from stdin are processed after those
+	on the command line.
++
+If '--stateless-rpc' is specified together with this option then
+the list of refs must be in packet format (pkt-line). Each ref must
+be in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Pass '-q' flag to 'git unpack-objects'; this makes the
@@ -67,29 +80,38 @@ OPTIONS
 	the things up in .bash_profile).
 
 --exec=<git-upload-pack>::
-	Same as \--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>.
+	Same as --upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>.
 
 --depth=<n>::
 	Limit fetching to ancestor-chains not longer than n.
+	'git-upload-pack' treats the special depth 2147483647 as
+	infinite even if there is an ancestor-chain that long.
 
 --no-progress::
 	Do not show the progress.
 
+--check-self-contained-and-connected::
+	Output "connectivity-ok" if the received pack is
+	self-contained and connected.
+
 -v::
 	Run verbosely.
 
-<host>::
-	A remote host that houses the repository.  When this
-	part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via
-	ssh.
-
-<directory>::
-	The repository to sync from.
+<repository>::
+	The URL to the remote repository.
 
 <refs>...::
 	The remote heads to update from. This is relative to
 	$GIT_DIR (e.g. "HEAD", "refs/heads/master").  When
 	unspecified, update from all heads the remote side has.
++
+If the remote has enabled the options `uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant` or
+`uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant`, they may alternatively be 40-hex
+sha1s present on the remote.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fetch[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
index b41d7c1de1..efe56e0808 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
@@ -17,26 +17,31 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Fetches named heads or tags from one or more other repositories,
-along with the objects necessary to complete them.
-
-The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored
-in `.git/FETCH_HEAD`.  This information is left for a later merge
-operation done by 'git merge'.
-
-When <refspec> stores the fetched result in remote-tracking branches,
-the tags that point at these branches are automatically
-followed.  This is done by first fetching from the remote using
-the given <refspec>s, and if the repository has objects that are
-pointed by remote tags that it does not yet have, then fetch
-those missing tags.  If the other end has tags that point at
-branches you are not interested in, you will not get them.
-
-'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository,
+Fetch branches and/or tags (collectively, "refs") from one or more
+other repositories, along with the objects necessary to complete their
+histories.  Remote-tracking branches are updated (see the description
+of <refspec> below for ways to control this behavior).
+
+By default, any tag that points into the histories being fetched is
+also fetched; the effect is to fetch tags that
+point at branches that you are interested in.  This default behavior
+can be changed by using the --tags or --no-tags options or by
+configuring remote.<name>.tagOpt.  By using a refspec that fetches tags
+explicitly, you can fetch tags that do not point into branches you
+are interested in as well.
+
+'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository or URL,
 or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and
 there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file.
 (See linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
+When no remote is specified, by default the `origin` remote will be used,
+unless there's an upstream branch configured for the current branch.
+
+The names of refs that are fetched, together with the object names
+they point at, are written to `.git/FETCH_HEAD`.  This information
+may be used by scripts or other git commands, such as linkgit:git-pull[1].
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 include::fetch-options.txt[]
@@ -46,6 +51,55 @@ include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
 
 
+CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES[[CRTB]]
+-------------------------------------------
+
+You often interact with the same remote repository by
+regularly and repeatedly fetching from it.  In order to keep track
+of the progress of such a remote repository, `git fetch` allows you
+to configure `remote.<repository>.fetch` configuration variables.
+
+Typically such a variable may look like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+[remote "origin"]
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This configuration is used in two ways:
+
+* When `git fetch` is run without specifying what branches
+  and/or tags to fetch on the command line, e.g. `git fetch origin`
+  or `git fetch`, `remote.<repository>.fetch` values are used as
+  the refspecs--they specify which refs to fetch and which local refs
+  to update.  The example above will fetch
+  all branches that exist in the `origin` (i.e. any ref that matches
+  the left-hand side of the value, `refs/heads/*`) and update the
+  corresponding remote-tracking branches in the `refs/remotes/origin/*`
+  hierarchy.
+
+* When `git fetch` is run with explicit branches and/or tags
+  to fetch on the command line, e.g. `git fetch origin master`, the
+  <refspec>s given on the command line determine what are to be
+  fetched (e.g. `master` in the example,
+  which is a short-hand for `master:`, which in turn means
+  "fetch the 'master' branch but I do not explicitly say what
+  remote-tracking branch to update with it from the command line"),
+  and the example command will
+  fetch _only_ the 'master' branch.  The `remote.<repository>.fetch`
+  values determine which
+  remote-tracking branch, if any, is updated.  When used in this
+  way, the `remote.<repository>.fetch` values do not have any
+  effect in deciding _what_ gets fetched (i.e. the values are not
+  used as refspecs when the command-line lists refspecs); they are
+  only used to decide _where_ the refs that are fetched are stored
+  by acting as a mapping.
+
+The latter use of the `remote.<repository>.fetch` values can be
+overridden by giving the `--refmap=<refspec>` parameter(s) on the
+command line.
+
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -73,6 +127,19 @@ the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
 The `pu` branch will be updated even if it is does not fast-forward,
 because it is prefixed with a plus sign; `tmp` will not be.
 
+* Peek at a remote's branch, without configuring the remote in your local
+repository:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git maint
+$ git log FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
++
+The first command fetches the `maint` branch from the repository at
+`git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git` and the second command uses
+`FETCH_HEAD` to examine the branch with linkgit:git-log[1].  The fetched
+objects will eventually be removed by git's built-in housekeeping (see
+linkgit:git-gc[1]).
 
 BUGS
 ----
@@ -80,7 +147,7 @@ Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
index 0f2f117383..bd560d38d9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Lets you rewrite git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
+Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
 in the <rev-list options>, applying custom filters on each revision.
 Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running
 a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit.
@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ The command will only rewrite the _positive_ refs mentioned in the
 command line (e.g. if you pass 'a..b', only 'b' will be rewritten).
 If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted without any
 changes, which would normally have no effect.  Nevertheless, this may be
-useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such,
+useful in the future for compensating for some Git bugs or such,
 therefore such a usage is permitted.
 
-*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` and `.git/refs/replace/`.
+*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` file and refs in
+the `refs/replace/` namespace.
 If you have any grafts or replacement refs defined, running this command
 will make them permanent.
 
@@ -60,11 +61,14 @@ Filters
 The filters are applied in the order as listed below.  The <command>
 argument is always evaluated in the shell context using the 'eval' command
 (with the notable exception of the commit filter, for technical reasons).
-Prior to that, the $GIT_COMMIT environment variable will be set to contain
+Prior to that, the `$GIT_COMMIT` environment variable will be set to contain
 the id of the commit being rewritten.  Also, GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL,
-and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are set according to the current commit.  The values
-of these variables after the filters have run, are used for the new commit.
+and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are taken from the current commit and exported to
+the environment, in order to affect the author and committer identities of
+the replacement commit created by linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] after the
+filters have run.
+
 If any evaluation of <command> returns a non-zero exit status, the whole
 operation will be aborted.
 
@@ -96,8 +100,8 @@ OPTIONS
 --index-filter <command>::
 	This is the filter for rewriting the index.  It is similar to the
 	tree filter but does not check out the tree, which makes it much
-	faster.  Frequently used with `git rm \--cached
-	\--ignore-unmatch ...`, see EXAMPLES below.  For hairy
+	faster.  Frequently used with `git rm --cached
+	--ignore-unmatch ...`, see EXAMPLES below.  For hairy
 	cases, see linkgit:git-update-index[1].
 
 --parent-filter <command>::
@@ -201,7 +205,7 @@ to other tags will be rewritten to point to the underlying commit.
 Remap to ancestor
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-By using linkgit:rev-list[1] arguments, e.g., path limiters, you can limit the
+By using linkgit:git-rev-list[1] arguments, e.g., path limiters, you can limit the
 set of revisions which get rewritten. However, positive refs on the command
 line are distinguished: we don't let them be excluded by such limiters. For
 this purpose, they are instead rewritten to point at the nearest ancestor that
@@ -222,11 +226,11 @@ However, if the file is absent from the tree of some commit,
 a simple `rm filename` will fail for that tree and commit.
 Thus you may instead want to use `rm -f filename` as the script.
 
-Using `\--index-filter` with 'git rm' yields a significantly faster
+Using `--index-filter` with 'git rm' yields a significantly faster
 version.  Like with using `rm filename`, `git rm --cached filename`
 will fail if the file is absent from the tree of a commit.  If you
 want to "completely forget" a file, it does not matter when it entered
-history, so we also add `\--ignore-unmatch`:
+history, so we also add `--ignore-unmatch`:
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 git filter-branch --index-filter 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch filename' HEAD
@@ -242,8 +246,8 @@ git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter foodir -- --all
 -------------------------------------------------------
 
 Thus you can, e.g., turn a library subdirectory into a repository of
-its own.  Note the `\--` that separates 'filter-branch' options from
-revision options, and the `\--all` to rewrite all branches and tags.
+its own.  Note the `--` that separates 'filter-branch' options from
+revision options, and the `--all` to rewrite all branches and tags.
 
 To set a commit (which typically is at the tip of another
 history) to be the parent of the current initial commit, in
@@ -303,6 +307,11 @@ committed a merge between P1 and P2, it will be propagated properly
 and all children of the merge will become merge commits with P1,P2
 as their parents instead of the merge commit.
 
+*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted
+by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
+to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
+interactive mode of 'git rebase'.
+
 You can rewrite the commit log messages using `--msg-filter`.  For
 example, 'git svn-id' strings in a repository created by 'git svn' can
 be removed this way:
@@ -313,11 +322,6 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter '
 '
 -------------------------------------------------------
 
-To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
-range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
-point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
-will print.
-
 If you need to add 'Acked-by' lines to, say, the last 10 commits (none
 of which is a merge), use this command:
 
@@ -328,11 +332,30 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter '
 ' HEAD~10..HEAD
 --------------------------------------------------------
 
-*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted
-by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
-to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
-interactive mode of 'git rebase'.
+The `--env-filter` option can be used to modify committer and/or author
+identity.  For example, if you found out that your commits have the wrong
+identity due to a misconfigured user.email, you can make a correction,
+before publishing the project, like this:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --env-filter '
+	if test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	fi
+	if test "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+	fi
+' -- --all
+--------------------------------------------------------
 
+To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
+range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
+point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
+will print.
 
 Consider this history:
 
@@ -370,24 +393,24 @@ git filter-branch --index-filter \
 Checklist for Shrinking a Repository
 ------------------------------------
 
-git-filter-branch is often used to get rid of a subset of files,
-usually with some combination of `\--index-filter` and
-`\--subdirectory-filter`.  People expect the resulting repository to
+git-filter-branch can be used to get rid of a subset of files,
+usually with some combination of `--index-filter` and
+`--subdirectory-filter`.  People expect the resulting repository to
 be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to
-actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your
+actually make it smaller, because Git tries hard not to lose your
 objects until you tell it to.  First make sure that:
 
 * You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was moved
-  over its lifetime.  `git log \--name-only \--follow \--all \--
-  filename` can help you find renames.
+  over its lifetime.  `git log --name-only --follow --all -- filename`
+  can help you find renames.
 
-* You really filtered all refs: use `\--tag-name-filter cat \--
-  \--all` when calling git-filter-branch.
+* You really filtered all refs: use `--tag-name-filter cat -- --all`
+  when calling git-filter-branch.
 
 Then there are two ways to get a smaller repository.  A safer way is
 to clone, that keeps your original intact.
 
-* Clone it with `git clone +++file:///path/to/repo+++`.  The clone
+* Clone it with `git clone file:///path/to/repo`.  The clone
   will not have the removed objects.  See linkgit:git-clone[1].  (Note
   that cloning with a plain path just hardlinks everything!)
 
@@ -397,14 +420,45 @@ approach, so *make a backup* or go back to cloning it.  You have been
 warned.
 
 * Remove the original refs backed up by git-filter-branch: say `git
-  for-each-ref \--format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs -n 1 git
+  for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs -n 1 git
   update-ref -d`.
 
-* Expire all reflogs with `git reflog expire \--expire=now \--all`.
+* Expire all reflogs with `git reflog expire --expire=now --all`.
 
-* Garbage collect all unreferenced objects with `git gc \--prune=now`
+* Garbage collect all unreferenced objects with `git gc --prune=now`
   (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support arguments to
-  `\--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead).
+  `--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead).
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+git-filter-branch allows you to make complex shell-scripted rewrites
+of your Git history, but you probably don't need this flexibility if
+you're simply _removing unwanted data_ like large files or passwords.
+For those operations you may want to consider
+http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/[The BFG Repo-Cleaner],
+a JVM-based alternative to git-filter-branch, typically at least
+10-50x faster for those use-cases, and with quite different
+characteristics:
+
+* Any particular version of a file is cleaned exactly _once_. The BFG,
+  unlike git-filter-branch, does not give you the opportunity to
+  handle a file differently based on where or when it was committed
+  within your history. This constraint gives the core performance
+  benefit of The BFG, and is well-suited to the task of cleansing bad
+  data - you don't care _where_ the bad data is, you just want it
+  _gone_.
+
+* By default The BFG takes full advantage of multi-core machines,
+  cleansing commit file-trees in parallel. git-filter-branch cleans
+  commits sequentially (i.e. in a single-threaded manner), though it
+  _is_ possible to write filters that include their own parallelism,
+  in the scripts executed against each commit.
+
+* The http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/#examples[command options]
+  are much more restrictive than git-filter branch, and dedicated just
+  to the tasks of removing unwanted data- e.g:
+  `--strip-blobs-bigger-than 1M`.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
index 32aff954a2..6526b178e8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-fmt-merge-msg - Produce a merge commit message
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git fmt-merge-msg' [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] <$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD
+'git fmt-merge-msg' [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log]
 'git fmt-merge-msg' [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] -F <file>
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being
 	merged.
 
---summary::
---no-summary::
+--[no-]summary::
 	Synonyms to --log and --no-log; these are deprecated and will be
 	removed in the future.
 
@@ -52,17 +51,24 @@ OPTIONS
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
-
-merge.log::
-	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with at
-	most the specified number of one-line descriptions from the
-	actual commits that are being merged.  Defaults to false, and
-	true is a synonym for 20.
+include::fmt-merge-msg-config.txt[]
 
 merge.summary::
 	Synonym to `merge.log`; this is deprecated and will be removed in
 	the future.
 
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+--
+$ git fetch origin master
+$ git fmt-merge-msg --log <$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD
+--
+
+Print a log message describing a merge of the "master" branch from
+the "origin" remote.
+
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-merge[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
index c872b883ba..d9d406dcfb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git for-each-ref' [--count=<count>] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
 		   [(--sort=<key>)...] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
+		   [--points-at <object>] [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]
+		   [--contains [<object>]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -62,6 +64,20 @@ OPTIONS
 	the specified host language.  This is meant to produce
 	a scriptlet that can directly be `eval`ed.
 
+--points-at <object>::
+	Only list refs which points at the given object.
+
+--merged [<object>]::
+	Only list refs whose tips are reachable from the
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+
+--no-merged [<object>]::
+	Only list refs whose tips are not reachable from the
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+
+--contains [<object>]::
+	Only list refs which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
+	specified).
 
 FIELD NAMES
 -----------
@@ -76,7 +92,11 @@ refname::
 	The name of the ref (the part after $GIT_DIR/).
 	For a non-ambiguous short name of the ref append `:short`.
 	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
-	abbreviation mode.
+	abbreviation mode. If `strip=<N>` is appended, strips `<N>`
+	slash-separated path components from the front of the refname
+	(e.g., `%(refname:strip=2)` turns `refs/tags/foo` into `foo`.
+	`<N>` must be a positive integer.  If a displayed ref has fewer
+	components than `<N>`, the command aborts with an error.
 
 objecttype::
 	The type of the object (`blob`, `tree`, `commit`, `tag`).
@@ -91,33 +111,75 @@ objectname::
 upstream::
 	The name of a local ref which can be considered ``upstream''
 	from the displayed ref. Respects `:short` in the same way as
-	`refname` above.
+	`refname` above.  Additionally respects `:track` to show
+	"[ahead N, behind M]" and `:trackshort` to show the terse
+	version: ">" (ahead), "<" (behind), "<>" (ahead and behind),
+	or "=" (in sync).  Has no effect if the ref does not have
+	tracking information associated with it.
+
+push::
+	The name of a local ref which represents the `@{push}` location
+	for the displayed ref. Respects `:short`, `:track`, and
+	`:trackshort` options as `upstream` does. Produces an empty
+	string if no `@{push}` ref is configured.
+
+HEAD::
+	'*' if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' '
+	otherwise.
+
+color::
+	Change output color.  Followed by `:<colorname>`, where names
+	are described in `color.branch.*`.
+
+align::
+	Left-, middle-, or right-align the content between
+	%(align:...) and %(end). The "align:" is followed by
+	`width=<width>` and `position=<position>` in any order
+	separated by a comma, where the `<position>` is either left,
+	right or middle, default being left and `<width>` is the total
+	length of the content with alignment. For brevity, the
+	"width=" and/or "position=" prefixes may be omitted, and bare
+	<width> and <position> used instead.  For instance,
+	`%(align:<width>,<position>)`. If the contents length is more
+	than the width then no alignment is performed. If used with
+	'--quote' everything in between %(align:...) and %(end) is
+	quoted, but if nested then only the topmost level performs
+	quoting.
 
 In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header
 field names (`tree`, `parent`, `object`, `type`, and `tag`) can
 be used to specify the value in the header field.
 
+For commit and tag objects, the special `creatordate` and `creator`
+fields will correspond to the appropriate date or name-email-date tuple
+from the `committer` or `tagger` fields depending on the object type.
+These are intended for working on a mix of annotated and lightweight tags.
+
 Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (`author`,
 `committer`, and `tagger`) can be suffixed with `name`, `email`,
 and `date` to extract the named component.
 
 The complete message in a commit and tag object is `contents`.
-Its first line is `contents:subject`, the remaining lines
-are `contents:body` and the optional GPG signature
-is `contents:signature`.
-
-For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric
-order (`objectsize`, `authordate`, `committerdate`, `taggerdate`).
+Its first line is `contents:subject`, where subject is the concatenation
+of all lines of the commit message up to the first blank line.  The next
+line is 'contents:body', where body is all of the lines after the first
+blank line.  The optional GPG signature is `contents:signature`.  The
+first `N` lines of the message is obtained using `contents:lines=N`.
+
+For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric order
+(`objectsize`, `authordate`, `committerdate`, `creatordate`, `taggerdate`).
 All other fields are used to sort in their byte-value order.
 
+There is also an option to sort by versions, this can be done by using
+the fieldname `version:refname` or its alias `v:refname`.
+
 In any case, a field name that refers to a field inapplicable to
 the object referred by the ref does not cause an error.  It
 returns an empty string instead.
 
 As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for
-the date by adding one of `:default`, `:relative`, `:short`, `:local`,
-`:iso8601` or `:rfc2822` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
-`%(taggerdate:relative)`.
+the date by adding `:` followed by date format name (see the
+values the `--date` option to linkgit:git-rev-list[1] takes).
 
 
 EXAMPLES
@@ -206,13 +268,9 @@ eval=`git for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \
 eval "$eval"
 ------------
 
-Author
-------
-Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.
-
-Documentation
--------------
-Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-show-ref[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
index 6ea9be775c..9624c84a65 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
 		   [(--attach|--inline)[=<boundary>] | --no-attach]
 		   [-s | --signoff]
 		   [--signature=<signature> | --no-signature]
+		   [--signature-file=<file>]
 		   [-n | --numbered | -N | --no-numbered]
 		   [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
 		   [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
 		   [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
-		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
+		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix] [(--reroll-count|-v) <n>]
 		   [--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>]
-		   [--cover-letter] [--quiet]
+		   [--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet] [--notes[=<ref>]]
 		   [<common diff options>]
 		   [ <since> | <revision range> ]
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.
 The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>.  To
 apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of
 history up until <commit>, use the '\--root' option: `git format-patch
-\--root <commit>`.  If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
+--root <commit>`.  If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
 can do this with `git format-patch -1 <commit>`.
 
 By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the
@@ -56,12 +57,19 @@ The names of the output files are printed to standard
 output, unless the `--stdout` option is specified.
 
 If `-o` is specified, output files are created in <dir>.  Otherwise
-they are created in the current working directory.
+they are created in the current working directory. The default path
+can be set with the `format.outputDirectory` configuration option.
+The `-o` option takes precedence over `format.outputDirectory`.
+To store patches in the current working directory even when
+`format.outputDirectory` points elsewhere, use `-o .`.
 
-By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] First Line" and
-the subject when multiple patches are output is "[PATCH n/m] First
-Line". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`.  To omit
-patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
+By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] " followed by
+the concatenation of lines from the commit message up to the first blank
+line (see the DISCUSSION section of linkgit:git-commit[1]).
+
+When multiple patches are output, the subject prefix will instead be
+"[PATCH n/m] ".  To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`.
+To omit patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
 
 If given `--thread`, `git-format-patch` will generate `In-Reply-To` and
 `References` headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear
@@ -105,6 +113,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
 --signoff::
 	Add `Signed-off-by:` line to the commit message, using
 	the committer identity of yourself.
+	See the signoff option in linkgit:git-commit[1] for more information.
 
 --stdout::
 	Print all commits to the standard output in mbox format,
@@ -134,12 +143,12 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
 The optional <style> argument can be either `shallow` or `deep`.
 'shallow' threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the
 series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
-`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.  'deep'
+`--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.  'deep'
 threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
 +
-The default is `--no-thread`, unless the 'format.thread' configuration
+The default is `--no-thread`, unless the `format.thread` configuration
 is set.  If `--thread` is specified without a style, it defaults to the
-style specified by 'format.thread' if any, or else `shallow`.
+style specified by `format.thread` if any, or else `shallow`.
 +
 Beware that the default for 'git send-email' is to thread emails
 itself.  If you want `git format-patch` to take care of threading, you
@@ -163,6 +172,15 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
 	combined with the `--numbered` option.
 
+-v <n>::
+--reroll-count=<n>::
+	Mark the series as the <n>-th iteration of the topic. The
+	output filenames have `v<n>` prepended to them, and the
+	subject prefix ("PATCH" by default, but configurable via the
+	`--subject-prefix` option) has ` v<n>` appended to it.  E.g.
+	`--reroll-count=4` may produce `v4-0001-add-makefile.patch`
+	file that has "Subject: [PATCH v4 1/20] Add makefile" in it.
+
 --to=<email>::
 	Add a `To:` header to the email headers. This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -175,6 +193,21 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	The negated form `--no-cc` discards all `Cc:` headers added so
 	far (from config or command line).
 
+--from::
+--from=<ident>::
+	Use `ident` in the `From:` header of each commit email. If the
+	author ident of the commit is not textually identical to the
+	provided `ident`, place a `From:` header in the body of the
+	message with the original author. If no `ident` is given, use
+	the committer ident.
++
+Note that this option is only useful if you are actually sending the
+emails and want to identify yourself as the sender, but retain the
+original author (and `git am` will correctly pick up the in-body
+header). Note also that `git send-email` already handles this
+transformation for you, and this option should not be used if you are
+feeding the result to `git send-email`.
+
 --add-header=<header>::
 	Add an arbitrary header to the email headers.  This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -183,17 +216,32 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	`Cc:`, and custom) headers added so far from config or command
 	line.
 
---cover-letter::
+--[no-]cover-letter::
 	In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
-	containing the shortlog and the overall diffstat.  You can
+	containing the branch description, shortlog and the overall diffstat.  You can
 	fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
 
+--notes[=<ref>]::
+	Append the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) for the commit
+	after the three-dash line.
++
+The expected use case of this is to write supporting explanation for
+the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper,
+and include it with the patch submission. While one can simply write
+these explanations after `format-patch` has run but before sending,
+keeping them as Git notes allows them to be maintained between versions
+of the patch series (but see the discussion of the `notes.rewrite`
+configuration options in linkgit:git-notes[1] to use this workflow).
+
 --[no]-signature=<signature>::
 	Add a signature to each message produced. Per RFC 3676 the signature
 	is separated from the body by a line with '-- ' on it. If the
-	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the git version
+	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the Git version
 	number.
 
+--signature-file=<file>::
+	Works just like --signature except the signature is read from a file.
+
 --suffix=.<sfx>::
 	Instead of using `.patch` as the suffix for generated
 	filenames, use specified suffix.  A common alternative is
@@ -203,6 +251,7 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 Note that the leading character does not have to be a dot; for example,
 you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`.
 
+-q::
 --quiet::
 	Do not print the names of the generated files to standard output.
 
@@ -212,6 +261,15 @@ you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`.
 	using this option cannot be applied properly, but they are
 	still useful for code review.
 
+--zero-commit::
+  Output an all-zero hash in each patch's From header instead
+  of the hash of the commit.
+
+--base=<commit>::
+	Record the base tree information to identify the state the
+	patch series applies to.  See the BASE TREE INFORMATION section
+	below for details.
+
 --root::
 	Treat the revision argument as a <revision range>, even if it
 	is just a single commit (that would normally be treated as a
@@ -229,13 +287,14 @@ attachments, and sign off patches with configuration variables.
 ------------
 [format]
 	headers = "Organization: git-foo\n"
-	subjectprefix = CHANGE
+	subjectPrefix = CHANGE
 	suffix = .txt
 	numbered = auto
 	to = <email>
 	cc = <email>
 	attach [ = mime-boundary-string ]
-	signoff = true
+	signOff = true
+	coverletter = auto
 ------------
 
 
@@ -365,7 +424,7 @@ Thunderbird
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag
 them as being 'format=flowed', both of which will make the
-resulting email unusable by git.
+resulting email unusable by Git.
 
 There are three different approaches: use an add-on to turn off line wraps,
 configure Thunderbird to not mangle patches, or use
@@ -397,7 +456,8 @@ Edit..Preferences..Composition, wrap plain text messages at 0
 In Thunderbird 3:
 Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor.  Search for
 "mail.wrap_long_lines".
-Toggle it to make sure it is set to `false`.
+Toggle it to make sure it is set to `false`. Also, search for
+"mailnews.wraplength" and set the value to 0.
 
 3. Disable the use of format=flowed:
 Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor.  Search for
@@ -465,6 +525,61 @@ This should help you to submit patches inline using KMail.
 5. Back in the compose window: add whatever other text you wish to the
    message, complete the addressing and subject fields, and press send.
 
+BASE TREE INFORMATION
+---------------------
+
+The base tree information block is used for maintainers or third party
+testers to know the exact state the patch series applies to. It consists
+of the 'base commit', which is a well-known commit that is part of the
+stable part of the project history everybody else works off of, and zero
+or more 'prerequisite patches', which are well-known patches in flight
+that is not yet part of the 'base commit' that need to be applied on top
+of 'base commit' in topological order before the patches can be applied.
+
+The 'base commit' is shown as "base-commit: " followed by the 40-hex of
+the commit object name.  A 'prerequisite patch' is shown as
+"prerequisite-patch-id: " followed by the 40-hex 'patch id', which can
+be obtained by passing the patch through the `git patch-id --stable`
+command.
+
+Imagine that on top of the public commit P, you applied well-known
+patches X, Y and Z from somebody else, and then built your three-patch
+series A, B, C, the history would be like:
+
+................................................
+---P---X---Y---Z---A---B---C
+................................................
+
+With `git format-patch --base=P -3 C` (or variants thereof, e.g. with
+`--cover-letter` of using `Z..C` instead of `-3 C` to specify the
+range), the base tree information block is shown at the end of the
+first message the command outputs (either the first patch, or the
+cover letter), like this:
+
+------------
+base-commit: P
+prerequisite-patch-id: X
+prerequisite-patch-id: Y
+prerequisite-patch-id: Z
+------------
+
+For non-linear topology, such as
+
+................................................
+---P---X---A---M---C
+    \         /
+     Y---Z---B
+................................................
+
+You can also use `git format-patch --base=P -3 C` to generate patches
+for A, B and C, and the identifiers for P, X, Y, Z are appended at the
+end of the first message.
+
+If set `--base=auto` in cmdline, it will track base commit automatically,
+the base commit will be the merge base of tip commit of the remote-tracking
+branch and revision-range specified in cmdline.
+For a local branch, you need to track a remote branch by `git branch
+--set-upstream-to` before using this option.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -501,8 +616,8 @@ $ git format-patch -M -B origin
 Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites
 intelligently to produce a renaming patch.  A renaming patch reduces
 the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review.
-Note that non-git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
-use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.
+Note that non-Git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
+use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch.
 
 * Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them
 as e-mailable patches:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
index 6c47395ad2..84ee92e158 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git fsck' [--tags] [--root] [--unreachable] [--cache] [--no-reflogs]
 	 [--[no-]full] [--strict] [--verbose] [--lost-found]
-	 [--[no-]progress] [<object>*]
+	 [--[no-]dangling] [--[no-]progress] [--connectivity-only] [<object>*]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,13 +23,17 @@ OPTIONS
 	An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.
 +
 If no objects are given, 'git fsck' defaults to using the
-index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
---no-reflogs is given) as heads.
+index file, all SHA-1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
+(unless --no-reflogs is given) as heads.
 
 --unreachable::
 	Print out objects that exist but that aren't reachable from any
 	of the reference nodes.
 
+--[no-]dangling::
+	Print objects that exist but that are never 'directly' used (default).
+	`--no-dangling` can be used to omit this information from the output.
+
 --root::
 	Report root nodes.
 
@@ -51,16 +55,21 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
 	($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate
 	object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
 	or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates,
-	and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
+	and in packed Git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
 	and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate
 	object pools.  This is now default; you can turn it off
 	with --no-full.
 
+--connectivity-only::
+	Check only the connectivity of tags, commits and tree objects. By
+	avoiding to unpack blobs, this speeds up the operation, at the
+	expense of missing corrupt objects or other problematic issues.
+
 --strict::
 	Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode
 	recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older
-	versions of git.  Existing repositories, including the
-	Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old
+	versions of Git.  Existing repositories, including the
+	Linux kernel, Git itself, and sparse repository have old
 	objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended
 	to check new projects with this flag.
 
@@ -73,8 +82,7 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
 	a blob, the contents are written into the file, rather than
 	its object name.
 
---progress::
---no-progress::
+--[no-]progress::
 	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by
 	default when it is attached to a terminal, unless
 	--no-progress or --verbose is specified. --progress forces
@@ -84,7 +92,7 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
-git-fsck tests SHA1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
+git-fsck tests SHA-1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
 of the resulting reachability and everything else. It prints out any
 corruption it finds (missing or bad objects), and if you use the
 '--unreachable' flag it will also print out objects that exist but that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
index 815afcb922..bed60f471c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune]
+'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -54,16 +54,20 @@ all loose objects are combined into a single pack using
 `git repack -d -l`.  Setting the value of `gc.auto` to 0
 disables automatic packing of loose objects.
 +
-If the number of packs exceeds the value of `gc.autopacklimit`,
+If the number of packs exceeds the value of `gc.autoPackLimit`,
 then existing packs (except those marked with a `.keep` file)
 are consolidated into a single pack by using the `-A` option of
-'git repack'. Setting `gc.autopacklimit` to 0 disables
+'git repack'. Setting `gc.autoPackLimit` to 0 disables
 automatic consolidation of packs.
 
 --prune=<date>::
 	Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago,
-	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).  This
-	option is on by default.
+	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).
+	--prune=all prunes loose objects regardless of their age (do
+	not use --prune=all unless you know exactly what you are doing.
+	Unless the repository is quiescent, you will lose newly created
+	objects that haven't been anchored with the refs and end up
+	corrupting your repository).  --prune is on by default.
 
 --no-prune::
 	Do not prune any loose objects.
@@ -71,20 +75,24 @@ automatic consolidation of packs.
 --quiet::
 	Suppress all progress reports.
 
+--force::
+	Force `git gc` to run even if there may be another `git gc`
+	instance running on this repository.
+
 Configuration
 -------------
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.reflogExpire' can be
+The optional configuration variable `gc.reflogExpire` can be
 set to indicate how long historical entries within each branch's
 reflog should remain available in this repository.  The setting is
 expressed as a length of time, for example '90 days' or '3 months'.
 It defaults to '90 days'.
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.reflogExpireUnreachable'
+The optional configuration variable `gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`
 can be set to indicate how long historical reflog entries which
 are not part of the current branch should remain available in
 this repository.  These types of entries are generally created as
-a result of using `git commit \--amend` or `git rebase` and are the
+a result of using `git commit --amend` or `git rebase` and are the
 commits prior to the amend or rebase occurring.  Since these changes
 are not part of the current project most users will want to expire
 them sooner.  This option defaults to '30 days'.
@@ -96,30 +104,33 @@ branches:
 ------------
 [gc "refs/remotes/*"]
 	reflogExpire = never
-	reflogexpireUnreachable = 3 days
+	reflogExpireUnreachable = 3 days
 ------------
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.rerereresolved' indicates
+The optional configuration variable `gc.rerereResolved` indicates
 how long records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
 kept.  This defaults to 60 days.
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.rerereunresolved' indicates
+The optional configuration variable `gc.rerereUnresolved` indicates
 how long records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
 kept.  This defaults to 15 days.
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.packrefs' determines if
+The optional configuration variable `gc.packRefs` determines if
 'git gc' runs 'git pack-refs'. This can be set to "notbare" to enable
 it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a boolean value.
 This defaults to true.
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.aggressiveWindow' controls how
+The optional configuration variable `gc.aggressiveWindow` controls how
 much time is spent optimizing the delta compression of the objects in
 the repository when the --aggressive option is specified.  The larger
 the value, the more time is spent optimizing the delta compression.  See
 the documentation for the --window' option in linkgit:git-repack[1] for
 more details.  This defaults to 250.
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.pruneExpire' controls how old
+Similarly, the optional configuration variable `gc.aggressiveDepth`
+controls --depth option in linkgit:git-repack[1]. This defaults to 250.
+
+The optional configuration variable `gc.pruneExpire` controls how old
 the unreferenced loose objects have to be before they are pruned.  The
 default is "2 weeks ago".
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-get-tar-commit-id.txt b/Documentation/git-get-tar-commit-id.txt
index 1e2a20dd26..ac44d85b0b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-get-tar-commit-id.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-get-tar-commit-id.txt
@@ -9,17 +9,19 @@ git-get-tar-commit-id - Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-arch
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git get-tar-commit-id' < <tarfile>
+'git get-tar-commit-id'
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Acts as a filter, extracting the commit ID stored in archives created by
-'git archive'.  It reads only the first 1024 bytes of input, thus its
-runtime is not influenced by the size of <tarfile> very much.
+
+Read a tar archive created by 'git archive' from the standard input
+and extract the commit ID stored in it.  It reads only the first
+1024 bytes of input, thus its runtime is not influenced by the size
+of the tar archive very much.
 
 If no commit ID is found, 'git get-tar-commit-id' quietly exists with a
-return code of 1.  This can happen if <tarfile> had not been created
+return code of 1.  This can happen if the archive had not been created
 using 'git archive' or if the first parameter of 'git archive' had been
 a tree ID instead of a commit ID or tag.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
index 15d6711d46..40cfe37d00 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-grep - Print lines matching a pattern
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git grep' [-a | --text] [-I] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp]
+'git grep' [-a | --text] [-I] [--textconv] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp]
 	   [-v | --invert-match] [-h|-H] [--full-name]
 	   [-E | --extended-regexp] [-G | --basic-regexp]
 	   [-P | --perl-regexp]
@@ -20,16 +20,21 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	   [-c | --count] [--all-match] [-q | --quiet]
 	   [--max-depth <depth>]
 	   [--color[=<when>] | --no-color]
+	   [--break] [--heading] [-p | --show-function]
 	   [-A <post-context>] [-B <pre-context>] [-C <context>]
+	   [-W | --function-context]
+	   [--threads <num>]
 	   [-f <file>] [-e] <pattern>
 	   [--and|--or|--not|(|)|-e <pattern>...]
-	   [ [--exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
+	   [ [--[no-]exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
 	   [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Look for specified patterns in the tracked files in the work tree, blobs
-registered in the index file, or blobs in given tree objects.
+registered in the index file, or blobs in given tree objects.  Patterns
+are lists of one or more search expressions separated by newline
+characters.  An empty string as search expression matches all lines.
 
 
 CONFIGURATION
@@ -38,8 +43,27 @@ CONFIGURATION
 grep.lineNumber::
 	If set to true, enable '-n' option by default.
 
+grep.patternType::
+	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
+	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the '--basic-regexp', '--extended-regexp',
+	'--fixed-strings', or '--perl-regexp' option accordingly, while the
+	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
+
 grep.extendedRegexp::
-	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default.
+	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. This
+	option is ignored when the `grep.patternType` option is set to a value
+	other than 'default'.
+
+grep.threads::
+	Number of grep worker threads to use.  If unset (or set to 0),
+	8 threads are used by default (for now).
+
+grep.fullName::
+	If set to true, enable '--full-name' option by default.
+
+grep.fallbackToNoIndex::
+	If set to true, fall back to git grep --no-index if git grep
+	is executed outside of a git repository.  Defaults to false.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -49,7 +73,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	blobs registered in the index file.
 
 --no-index::
-	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by git.
+	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by Git.
 
 --untracked::
 	In addition to searching in the tracked files in the working
@@ -68,6 +92,13 @@ OPTIONS
 --text::
 	Process binary files as if they were text.
 
+--textconv::
+	Honor textconv filter settings.
+
+--no-textconv::
+	Do not honor textconv filter settings.
+	This is the default.
+
 -i::
 --ignore-case::
 	Ignore case differences between the patterns and the
@@ -79,6 +110,9 @@ OPTIONS
 --max-depth <depth>::
 	For each <pathspec> given on command line, descend at most <depth>
 	levels of directories. A negative value means no limit.
+	This option is ignored if <pathspec> contains active wildcards.
+	In other words if "a*" matches a directory named "a*",
+	"*" is matched literally so --max-depth is still effective.
 
 -w::
 --word-regexp::
@@ -135,12 +169,15 @@ OPTIONS
 	For better compatibility with 'git diff', `--name-only` is a
 	synonym for `--files-with-matches`.
 
--O [<pager>]::
---open-files-in-pager [<pager>]::
+-O[<pager>]::
+--open-files-in-pager[=<pager>]::
 	Open the matching files in the pager (not the output of 'grep').
 	If the pager happens to be "less" or "vi", and the user
 	specified only one pattern, the first file is positioned at
-	the first match automatically.
+	the first match automatically. The `pager` argument is
+	optional; if specified, it must be stuck to the option
+	without a space. If `pager` is unspecified, the default pager
+	will be used (see `core.pager` in linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 -z::
 --null::
@@ -199,6 +236,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	effectively showing the whole function in which the match was
 	found.
 
+--threads <num>::
+	Number of grep worker threads to use.
+	See `grep.threads` in 'CONFIGURATION' for more information.
+
 -f <file>::
 	Read patterns from <file>, one per line.
 
@@ -242,11 +283,11 @@ OPTIONS
 Examples
 --------
 
-`git grep {apostrophe}time_t{apostrophe} \-- {apostrophe}*.[ch]{apostrophe}`::
+`git grep 'time_t' -- '*.[ch]'`::
 	Looks for `time_t` in all tracked .c and .h files in the working
 	directory and its subdirectories.
 
-`git grep -e {apostrophe}#define{apostrophe} --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)`::
+`git grep -e '#define' --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)`::
 	Looks for a line that has `#define` and either `MAX_PATH` or
 	`PATH_MAX`.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gui.txt b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
index 0041994443..8144527ae0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gui.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Examples
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gitk[1]::
-	The git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
+	The Git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
 	and file differences.  gitk is the utility started by
 	'git gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
index 4b0a502e8e..814e74406a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ git-hash-object - Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git hash-object' [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>...
-'git hash-object' [-t <type>] [-w] --stdin-paths [--no-filters] < <list-of-paths>
+'git hash-object' [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin [--literally]] [--] <file>...
+'git hash-object' [-t <type>] [-w] --stdin-paths [--no-filters]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -35,12 +35,13 @@ OPTIONS
 	Read the object from standard input instead of from a file.
 
 --stdin-paths::
-	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
+	Read file names from the standard input, one per line, instead
+	of from the command-line.
 
 --path::
 	Hash object as it were located at the given path. The location of
 	file does not directly influence on the hash value, but path is
-	used to determine what git filters should be applied to the object
+	used to determine what Git filters should be applied to the object
 	before it can be placed to the object database, and, as result of
 	applying filters, the actual blob put into the object database may
 	differ from the given file. This option is mainly useful for hashing
@@ -51,7 +52,13 @@ OPTIONS
 	Hash the contents as is, ignoring any input filter that would
 	have been chosen by the attributes mechanism, including the end-of-line
 	conversion. If the file is read from standard input then this
-	is always implied, unless the --path option is given.
+	is always implied, unless the `--path` option is given.
+
+--literally::
+	Allow `--stdin` to hash any garbage into a loose object which might not
+	otherwise pass standard object parsing or git-fsck checks. Useful for
+	stress-testing Git itself or reproducing characteristics of corrupt or
+	bogus objects encountered in the wild.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt
index 9e0b3f6811..338b8d61ce 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-help.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt
@@ -3,36 +3,50 @@ git-help(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-help - display help information about git
+git-help - Display help information about Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git help' [-a|--all|-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND]
+'git help' [-a|--all] [-g|--guide]
+	   [-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND|GUIDE]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the 'git'
-command and a list of the most commonly used git commands are printed
+With no options and no COMMAND or GUIDE given, the synopsis of the 'git'
+command and a list of the most commonly used Git commands are printed
 on the standard output.
 
-If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, then all available commands are
+If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, all available commands are
 printed on the standard output.
 
-If a git command is named, a manual page for that command is brought
-up. The 'man' program is used by default for this purpose, but this
-can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.
+If the option '--guide' or '-g' is given, a list of the useful
+Git guides is also printed on the standard output.
+
+If a command, or a guide, is given, a manual page for that command or
+guide is brought up. The 'man' program is used by default for this
+purpose, but this can be overridden by other options or configuration
+variables.
 
 Note that `git --help ...` is identical to `git help ...` because the
 former is internally converted into the latter.
 
+To display the linkgit:git[1] man page, use `git help git`.
+
+This page can be displayed with 'git help help' or `git help --help`
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -a::
 --all::
 	Prints all the available commands on the standard output. This
-	option supersedes any other option.
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
+
+-g::
+--guides::
+	Prints a list of useful guides on the standard output. This
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
 
 -i::
 --info::
@@ -43,10 +57,10 @@ OPTIONS
 --man::
 	Display manual page for the command in the 'man' format. This
 	option may be used to override a value set in the
-	'help.format' configuration variable.
+	`help.format` configuration variable.
 +
 By default the 'man' program will be used to display the manual page,
-but the 'man.viewer' configuration variable may be used to choose
+but the `man.viewer` configuration variable may be used to choose
 other display programs (see below).
 
 -w::
@@ -55,7 +69,7 @@ other display programs (see below).
 	format. A web browser will be used for that purpose.
 +
 The web browser can be specified using the configuration variable
-'help.browser', or 'web.browser' if the former is not set. If none of
+`help.browser`, or `web.browser` if the former is not set. If none of
 these config variables is set, the 'git web{litdd}browse' helper script
 (called by 'git help') will pick a suitable default. See
 linkgit:git-web{litdd}browse[1] for more information about this.
@@ -66,9 +80,9 @@ CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
 help.format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-If no command line option is passed, the 'help.format' configuration
+If no command-line option is passed, the `help.format` configuration
 variable will be checked. The following values are supported for this
-variable; they make 'git help' behave as their corresponding command
+variable; they make 'git help' behave as their corresponding command-
 line option:
 
 * "man" corresponds to '-m|--man',
@@ -78,16 +92,16 @@ line option:
 help.browser, web.browser and browser.<tool>.path
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The 'help.browser', 'web.browser' and 'browser.<tool>.path' will also
-be checked if the 'web' format is chosen (either by command line
+The `help.browser`, `web.browser` and `browser.<tool>.path` will also
+be checked if the 'web' format is chosen (either by command-line
 option or configuration variable). See '-w|--web' in the OPTIONS
 section above and linkgit:git-web{litdd}browse[1].
 
 man.viewer
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The 'man.viewer' config variable will be checked if the 'man' format
-is chosen. The following values are currently supported:
+The `man.viewer` configuration variable will be checked if the 'man'
+format is chosen. The following values are currently supported:
 
 * "man": use the 'man' program as usual,
 * "woman": use 'emacsclient' to launch the "woman" mode in emacs
@@ -96,9 +110,9 @@ is chosen. The following values are currently supported:
 tab (see 'Note about konqueror' below).
 
 Values for other tools can be used if there is a corresponding
-'man.<tool>.cmd' configuration entry (see below).
+`man.<tool>.cmd` configuration entry (see below).
 
-Multiple values may be given to the 'man.viewer' configuration
+Multiple values may be given to the `man.viewer` configuration
 variable. Their corresponding programs will be tried in the order
 listed in the configuration file.
 
@@ -110,18 +124,18 @@ For example, this configuration:
 		viewer = woman
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-will try to use konqueror first. But this may fail (for example if
+will try to use konqueror first. But this may fail (for example, if
 DISPLAY is not set) and in that case emacs' woman mode will be tried.
 
 If everything fails, or if no viewer is configured, the viewer specified
-in the GIT_MAN_VIEWER environment variable will be tried.  If that
+in the `GIT_MAN_VIEWER` environment variable will be tried.  If that
 fails too, the 'man' program will be tried anyway.
 
 man.<tool>.path
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can explicitly provide a full path to your preferred man viewer by
-setting the configuration variable 'man.<tool>.path'. For example, you
+setting the configuration variable `man.<tool>.path`. For example, you
 can configure the absolute path to konqueror by setting
 'man.konqueror.path'. Otherwise, 'git help' assumes the tool is
 available in PATH.
@@ -129,9 +143,9 @@ available in PATH.
 man.<tool>.cmd
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-When the man viewer, specified by the 'man.viewer' configuration
+When the man viewer, specified by the `man.viewer` configuration
 variables, is not among the supported ones, then the corresponding
-'man.<tool>.cmd' configuration variable will be looked up. If this
+`man.<tool>.cmd` configuration variable will be looked up. If this
 variable exists then the specified tool will be treated as a custom
 command and a shell eval will be used to run the command with the man
 page passed as arguments.
@@ -139,7 +153,7 @@ page passed as arguments.
 Note about konqueror
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-When 'konqueror' is specified in the 'man.viewer' configuration
+When 'konqueror' is specified in the `man.viewer` configuration
 variable, we launch 'kfmclient' to try to open the man page on an
 already opened konqueror in a new tab if possible.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
index f4e0741c11..bb0db195ce 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
 pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file
-"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory
+"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory
 that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
-GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).
+`GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL` environmental variable is set).
 
 By default, only the `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
 'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients, which are invoked from
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ automatically by the web server.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
-All of the following examples map 'http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git'
-to '/var/www/git/foo/bar.git'.
+All of the following examples map `http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git`
+to `/var/www/git/foo/bar.git`.
 
 Apache 2.x::
 	Ensure mod_cgi, mod_alias, and mod_env are enabled, set
@@ -80,7 +80,30 @@ ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
 To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
-require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
+require authorization for both the initial ref advertisement (which we
+detect as a push via the service parameter in the query string), and the
+receive-pack invocation itself:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/git/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<LocationMatch "^/git/">
+	Order Deny,Allow
+	Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "Git Access"
+	Require group committers
+	Satisfy Any
+	...
+</LocationMatch>
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+If you do not have `mod_rewrite` available to match against the query
+string, it is sufficient to just protect `git-receive-pack` itself,
+like:
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 <LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
@@ -91,6 +114,15 @@ require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
 </LocationMatch>
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
+In this mode, the server will not request authentication until the
+client actually starts the object negotiation phase of the push, rather
+than during the initial contact.  For this reason, you must also enable
+the `http.receivepack` config option in any repositories that should
+accept a push. The default behavior, if `http.receivepack` is not set,
+is to reject any pushes by unauthenticated users; the initial request
+will therefore report `403 Forbidden` to the client, without even giving
+an opportunity for authentication.
++
 To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
 directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
 +
@@ -158,10 +190,58 @@ ScriptAliasMatch \
 ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
+Lighttpd::
+	Ensure that `mod_cgi`, `mod_alias`, `mod_auth`, `mod_setenv` are
+	loaded, then set `GIT_PROJECT_ROOT` appropriately and redirect
+	all requests to the CGI:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+alias.url += ( "/git" => "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend" )
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git" {
+	cgi.assign = ("" => "")
+	setenv.add-environment = (
+		"GIT_PROJECT_ROOT" => "/var/www/git",
+		"GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL" => ""
+	)
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["querystring"] =~ "service=git-receive-pack" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+where `git-auth.conf` looks something like:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+auth.require = (
+	"/" => (
+		"method" => "basic",
+		"realm" => "Git Access",
+		"require" => "valid-user"
+	       )
+)
+# ...and set up auth.backend here
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To require authentication for both reads and writes:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/private" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
-'git http-backend' relies upon the CGI environment variables set
+'git http-backend' relies upon the `CGI` environment variables set
 by the invoking web server, including:
 
 * PATH_INFO (if GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is set, otherwise PATH_TRANSLATED)
@@ -171,26 +251,27 @@ by the invoking web server, including:
 * QUERY_STRING
 * REQUEST_METHOD
 
-The GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable may be passed to
+The `GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL` environmental variable may be passed to
 'git-http-backend' to bypass the check for the "git-daemon-export-ok"
 file in each repository before allowing export of that repository.
 
+The `GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUEST_BUFFER` environment variable (or the
+`http.maxRequestBuffer` config variable) may be set to change the
+largest ref negotiation request that git will handle during a fetch; any
+fetch requiring a larger buffer will not succeed.  This value should not
+normally need to be changed, but may be helpful if you are fetching from
+a repository with an extremely large number of refs.  The value can be
+specified with a unit (e.g., `100M` for 100 megabytes). The default is
+10 megabytes.
+
 The backend process sets GIT_COMMITTER_NAME to '$REMOTE_USER' and
 GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL to '$\{REMOTE_USER}@http.$\{REMOTE_ADDR\}',
 ensuring that any reflogs created by 'git-receive-pack' contain some
 identifying information of the remote user who performed the push.
 
-All CGI environment variables are available to each of the hooks
+All `CGI` environment variables are available to each of the hooks
 invoked by the 'git-receive-pack'.
 
-Author
-------
-Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
-
-Documentation
---------------
-Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
index 070cd1e6ed..21a33d2c41 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-http-fetch(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-http-fetch - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP
+git-http-fetch - Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP.
+Downloads a remote Git repository via HTTP.
 
 *NOTE*: use of this command without -a is deprecated.  The -a
 behaviour will become the default in a future release.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
index 875d2831a5..5d1e4c80cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-imap-send - Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git imap-send'
+'git imap-send' [-v] [-q] [--[no-]curl]
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -26,6 +26,28 @@ Typical usage is something like:
 git format-patch --signoff --stdout --attach origin | git imap-send
 
 
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Be verbose.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Be quiet.
+
+--curl::
+	Use libcurl to communicate with the IMAP server, unless tunneling
+	into it.  Ignored if Git was built without the USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+	option set.
+
+--no-curl::
+	Talk to the IMAP server using git's own IMAP routines instead of
+	using libcurl.  Ignored if Git was built with the NO_OPENSSL option
+	set.
+
+
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
@@ -38,18 +60,17 @@ Variables
 imap.folder::
 	The folder to drop the mails into, which is typically the Drafts
 	folder. For example: "INBOX.Drafts", "INBOX/Drafts" or
-	"[Gmail]/Drafts". Required to use imap-send.
+	"[Gmail]/Drafts". Required.
 
 imap.tunnel::
 	Command used to setup a tunnel to the IMAP server through which
 	commands will be piped instead of using a direct network connection
-	to the server. Required when imap.host is not set to use imap-send.
+	to the server. Required when imap.host is not set.
 
 imap.host::
 	A URL identifying the server. Use a `imap://` prefix for non-secure
 	connections and a `imaps://` prefix for secure connections.
-	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set, but required to use imap-send
-	otherwise.
+	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set, but required otherwise.
 
 imap.user::
 	The username to use when logging in to the server.
@@ -76,7 +97,10 @@ imap.preformattedHTML::
 
 imap.authMethod::
 	Specify authenticate method for authentication with IMAP server.
-	Current supported method is 'CRAM-MD5' only.
+	If Git was built with the NO_CURL option, or if your curl version is older
+	than 7.34.0, or if you're running git-imap-send with the `--no-curl`
+	option, the only supported method is 'CRAM-MD5'. If this is not set
+	then 'git imap-send' uses the basic IMAP plaintext LOGIN command.
 
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -97,7 +121,7 @@ Using direct mode:
     host = imap://imap.example.com
     user = bob
     pass = p4ssw0rd
-..........................
+.........................
 
 Using direct mode with SSL:
 
@@ -109,7 +133,7 @@ Using direct mode with SSL:
     pass = p4ssw0rd
     port = 123
     sslverify = false
-..........................
+.........................
 
 
 EXAMPLE
diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
index 909687fed4..7a4e055520 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and
 builds a pack index file (.idx) for it.  The packed archive
 together with the pack index can then be placed in the
-objects/pack/ directory of a git repository.
+objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin
 	instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If
 	<pack-file> is not specified, the pack is written to
-	objects/pack/ directory of the current git repository with
+	objects/pack/ directory of the current Git repository with
 	a default name determined from the pack content.  If
 	<pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to
 	prevent a race condition between this process and
@@ -74,12 +74,25 @@ OPTIONS
 --strict::
 	Die, if the pack contains broken objects or links.
 
+--check-self-contained-and-connected::
+	Die if the pack contains broken links. For internal use only.
+
+--threads=<n>::
+	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when resolving
+	deltas. This requires that index-pack be compiled with
+	pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning.
+	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
+	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search
+	window is however multiplied by the number of threads.
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	and use maximum 3 threads.
+
 
 Note
 ----
 
 Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted
-and the SHA1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
+and the SHA-1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
 also used then this is prefixed by either "pack\t", or "keep\t" if a
 new .keep file was successfully created. This is useful to remove a
 .keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git repack'
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
index a21e346789..648a6cd78a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-init-db(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init-db - Creates an empty git repository
+git-init-db - Creates an empty Git repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
index 9ac2bbaa56..9d27197de8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-init(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one
+git-init - Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command creates an empty git repository - basically a `.git`
+This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a `.git`
 directory with subdirectories for `objects`, `refs/heads`,
 `refs/tags`, and template files.  An initial `HEAD` file that
 references the HEAD of the master branch is also created.
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ OPTIONS
 -q::
 --quiet::
 
-Only print error and warning messages, all other output will be suppressed.
+Only print error and warning messages; all other output will be suppressed.
 
 --bare::
 
-Create a bare repository. If GIT_DIR environment is not set, it is set to the
+Create a bare repository. If `GIT_DIR` environment is not set, it is set to the
 current working directory.
 
 --template=<template_directory>::
@@ -57,89 +57,101 @@ DIRECTORY" section below.)
 
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 
-Instead of initializing the repository where it is supposed to be,
-place a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link there, pointing to the
-specified git path, and initialize a git repository at the path. The
-result is git repository can be separated from working tree. If this
-is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified
-path.
+Instead of initializing the repository as a directory to either `$GIT_DIR` or
+`./.git/`, create a text file there containing the path to the actual
+repository.  This file acts as filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to the
+repository.
++
+If this is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified path.
 
 --shared[=(false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody|0xxx)]::
 
-Specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
+Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
 allows users belonging to the same group to push into that
 repository.  When specified, the config variable "core.sharedRepository" is
 set so that files and directories under `$GIT_DIR` are created with the
-requested permissions.  When not specified, git will use permissions reported
+requested permissions.  When not specified, Git will use permissions reported
 by umask(2).
-
++
 The option can have the following values, defaulting to 'group' if no value
 is given:
++
+--
+'umask' (or 'false')::
+
+Use permissions reported by umask(2). The default, when `--shared` is not
+specified.
 
- - 'umask' (or 'false'): Use permissions reported by umask(2). The default,
-   when `--shared` is not specified.
+'group' (or 'true')::
 
- - 'group' (or 'true'): Make the repository group-writable, (and g+sx, since
-   the git group may be not the primary group of all users).
-   This is used to loosen the permissions of an otherwise safe umask(2) value.
-   Note that the umask still applies to the other permission bits (e.g. if
-   umask is '0022', using 'group' will not remove read privileges from other
-   (non-group) users). See '0xxx' for how to exactly specify the repository
-   permissions.
+Make the repository group-writable, (and g+sx, since the git group may be not
+the primary group of all users). This is used to loosen the permissions of an
+otherwise safe umask(2) value. Note that the umask still applies to the other
+permission bits (e.g. if umask is '0022', using 'group' will not remove read
+privileges from other (non-group) users). See '0xxx' for how to exactly specify
+the repository permissions.
 
- - 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'): Same as 'group', but make the repository
-   readable by all users.
+'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody')::
 
- - '0xxx': '0xxx' is an octal number and each file will have mode '0xxx'.
-   '0xxx' will override users' umask(2) value (and not only loosen permissions
-   as 'group' and 'all' does). '0640' will create a repository which is
-   group-readable, but not group-writable or accessible to others. '0660' will
-   create a repo that is readable and writable to the current user and group,
-   but inaccessible to others.
+Same as 'group', but make the repository readable by all users.
 
-By default, the configuration flag receive.denyNonFastForwards is enabled
+'0xxx'::
+
+'0xxx' is an octal number and each file will have mode '0xxx'. '0xxx' will
+override users' umask(2) value (and not only loosen permissions as 'group' and
+'all' does). '0640' will create a repository which is group-readable, but not
+group-writable or accessible to others. '0660' will create a repo that is
+readable and writable to the current user and group, but inaccessible to others.
+--
+
+By default, the configuration flag `receive.denyNonFastForwards` is enabled
 in shared repositories, so that you cannot force a non fast-forwarding push
 into it.
 
-If you name a (possibly non-existent) directory at the end of the command
-line, the command is run inside the directory (possibly after creating it).
+If you provide a 'directory', the command is run inside it. If this directory
+does not exist, it will be created.
 
 --
 
-
 TEMPLATE DIRECTORY
 ------------------
 
 The template directory contains files and directories that will be copied to
 the `$GIT_DIR` after it is created.
 
-The template directory used will (in order):
+The template directory will be one of the following (in order):
+
+ - the argument given with the `--template` option;
+
+ - the contents of the `$GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR` environment variable;
 
- - The argument given with the `--template` option.
+ - the `init.templateDir` configuration variable; or
 
- - The contents of the `$GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR` environment variable.
+ - the default template directory: `/usr/share/git-core/templates`.
 
- - The `init.templatedir` configuration variable.
+The default template directory includes some directory structure, suggested
+"exclude patterns" (see linkgit:gitignore[5]), and sample hook files.
 
- - The default template directory: `/usr/share/git-core/templates`.
+The sample hooks are all disabled by default, To enable one of the
+sample hooks rename it by removing its `.sample` suffix.
 
-The default template directory includes some directory structure, some
-suggested "exclude patterns", and copies of sample "hook" files.
-The suggested patterns and hook files are all modifiable and extensible.
+See linkgit:githooks[5] for more general info on hook execution.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
-Start a new git repository for an existing code base::
+Start a new Git repository for an existing code base::
 +
 ----------------
 $ cd /path/to/my/codebase
 $ git init      <1>
 $ git add .     <2>
+$ git commit    <3>
 ----------------
 +
-<1> prepare /path/to/my/codebase/.git directory
-<2> add all existing file to the index
+<1> Create a /path/to/my/codebase/.git directory.
+<2> Add all existing files to the index.
+<3> Record the pristine state as the first commit in the history.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt b/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
index f3eef510f2..e8ecdbf927 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ You may specify configuration in your .git/config
 	httpd = apache2 -f
 	port = 4321
 	browser = konqueror
-	modulepath = /usr/lib/apache2/modules
+	modulePath = /usr/lib/apache2/modules
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-If the configuration variable 'instaweb.browser' is not set,
-'web.browser' will be used instead if it is defined. See
+If the configuration variable `instaweb.browser` is not set,
+`web.browser` will be used instead if it is defined. See
 linkgit:git-web{litdd}browse[1] for more information about this.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a77b901f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+git-interpret-trailers(1)
+=========================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-interpret-trailers - help add structured information into commit messages
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git interpret-trailers' [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Help adding 'trailers' lines, that look similar to RFC 822 e-mail
+headers, at the end of the otherwise free-form part of a commit
+message.
+
+This command reads some patches or commit messages from either the
+<file> arguments or the standard input if no <file> is specified. Then
+this command applies the arguments passed using the `--trailer`
+option, if any, to the commit message part of each input file. The
+result is emitted on the standard output.
+
+Some configuration variables control the way the `--trailer` arguments
+are applied to each commit message and the way any existing trailer in
+the commit message is changed. They also make it possible to
+automatically add some trailers.
+
+By default, a '<token>=<value>' or '<token>:<value>' argument given
+using `--trailer` will be appended after the existing trailers only if
+the last trailer has a different (<token>, <value>) pair (or if there
+is no existing trailer). The <token> and <value> parts will be trimmed
+to remove starting and trailing whitespace, and the resulting trimmed
+<token> and <value> will appear in the message like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+token: value
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This means that the trimmed <token> and <value> will be separated by
+`': '` (one colon followed by one space).
+
+By default the new trailer will appear at the end of all the existing
+trailers. If there is no existing trailer, the new trailer will appear
+after the commit message part of the output, and, if there is no line
+with only spaces at the end of the commit message part, one blank line
+will be added before the new trailer.
+
+Existing trailers are extracted from the input message by looking for
+a group of one or more lines that contain a colon (by default), where
+the group is preceded by one or more empty (or whitespace-only) lines.
+The group must either be at the end of the message or be the last
+non-whitespace lines before a line that starts with '---'. Such three
+minus signs start the patch part of the message.
+
+When reading trailers, there can be whitespaces before and after the
+token, the separator and the value. There can also be whitespaces
+inside the token and the value.
+
+Note that 'trailers' do not follow and are not intended to follow many
+rules for RFC 822 headers. For example they do not follow the line
+folding rules, the encoding rules and probably many other rules.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--in-place::
+	Edit the files in place.
+
+--trim-empty::
+	If the <value> part of any trailer contains only whitespace,
+	the whole trailer will be removed from the resulting message.
+	This applies to existing trailers as well as new trailers.
+
+--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>]::
+	Specify a (<token>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a
+	trailer to the input messages. See the description of this
+	command.
+
+CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+-----------------------
+
+trailer.separators::
+	This option tells which characters are recognized as trailer
+	separators. By default only ':' is recognized as a trailer
+	separator, except that '=' is always accepted on the command
+	line for compatibility with other git commands.
++
+The first character given by this option will be the default character
+used when another separator is not specified in the config for this
+trailer.
++
+For example, if the value for this option is "%=$", then only lines
+using the format '<token><sep><value>' with <sep> containing '%', '='
+or '$' and then spaces will be considered trailers. And '%' will be
+the default separator used, so by default trailers will appear like:
+'<token>% <value>' (one percent sign and one space will appear between
+the token and the value).
+
+trailer.where::
+	This option tells where a new trailer will be added.
++
+This can be `end`, which is the default, `start`, `after` or `before`.
++
+If it is `end`, then each new trailer will appear at the end of the
+existing trailers.
++
+If it is `start`, then each new trailer will appear at the start,
+instead of the end, of the existing trailers.
++
+If it is `after`, then each new trailer will appear just after the
+last trailer with the same <token>.
++
+If it is `before`, then each new trailer will appear just before the
+first trailer with the same <token>.
+
+trailer.ifexists::
+	This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
+	performed when there is already at least one trailer with the
+	same <token> in the message.
++
+The valid values for this option are: `addIfDifferentNeighbor` (this
+is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `overwrite` or `doNothing`.
++
+With `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, a new trailer will be added only if no
+trailer with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is above or below the line
+where the new trailer will be added.
++
+With `addIfDifferent`, a new trailer will be added only if no trailer
+with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is already in the message.
++
+With `add`, a new trailer will be added, even if some trailers with
+the same (<token>, <value>) pair are already in the message.
++
+With `replace`, an existing trailer with the same <token> will be
+deleted and the new trailer will be added. The deleted trailer will be
+the closest one (with the same <token>) to the place where the new one
+will be added.
++
+With `doNothing`, nothing will be done; that is no new trailer will be
+added if there is already one with the same <token> in the message.
+
+trailer.ifmissing::
+	This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
+	performed when there is not yet any trailer with the same
+	<token> in the message.
++
+The valid values for this option are: `add` (this is the default) and
+`doNothing`.
++
+With `add`, a new trailer will be added.
++
+With `doNothing`, nothing will be done.
+
+trailer.<token>.key::
+	This `key` will be used instead of <token> in the trailer. At
+	the end of this key, a separator can appear and then some
+	space characters. By default the only valid separator is ':',
+	but this can be changed using the `trailer.separators` config
+	variable.
++
+If there is a separator, then the key will be used instead of both the
+<token> and the default separator when adding the trailer.
+
+trailer.<token>.where::
+	This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.where'
+	configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
+	that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
+
+trailer.<token>.ifexist::
+	This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifexist'
+	configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
+	that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
+
+trailer.<token>.ifmissing::
+	This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifmissing'
+	configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
+	that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
+
+trailer.<token>.command::
+	This option can be used to specify a shell command that will
+	be called to automatically add or modify a trailer with the
+	specified <token>.
++
+When this option is specified, the behavior is as if a special
+'<token>=<value>' argument were added at the beginning of the command
+line, where <value> is taken to be the standard output of the
+specified command with any leading and trailing whitespace trimmed
+off.
++
+If the command contains the `$ARG` string, this string will be
+replaced with the <value> part of an existing trailer with the same
+<token>, if any, before the command is launched.
++
+If some '<token>=<value>' arguments are also passed on the command
+line, when a 'trailer.<token>.command' is configured, the command will
+also be executed for each of these arguments. And the <value> part of
+these arguments, if any, will be used to replace the `$ARG` string in
+the command.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Configure a 'sign' trailer with a 'Signed-off-by' key, and then
+  add two of these trailers to a message:
++
+------------
+$ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by"
+$ cat msg.txt
+subject
+
+message
+$ cat msg.txt | git interpret-trailers --trailer 'sign: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'sign: Bob <bob@example.com>'
+subject
+
+message
+
+Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
+------------
+
+* Use the '--in-place' option to edit a message file in place:
++
+------------
+$ cat msg.txt
+subject
+
+message
+
+Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
+$ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>' --in-place msg.txt
+$ cat msg.txt
+subject
+
+message
+
+Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
+Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
+------------
+
+* Extract the last commit as a patch, and add a 'Cc' and a
+  'Reviewed-by' trailer to it:
++
+------------
+$ git format-patch -1
+0001-foo.patch
+$ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Cc: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'Reviewed-by: Bob <bob@example.com>' 0001-foo.patch >0001-bar.patch
+------------
+
+* Configure a 'sign' trailer with a command to automatically add a
+  'Signed-off-by: ' with the author information only if there is no
+  'Signed-off-by: ' already, and show how it works:
++
+------------
+$ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: "
+$ git config trailer.sign.ifmissing add
+$ git config trailer.sign.ifexists doNothing
+$ git config trailer.sign.command 'echo "$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>"'
+$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
+> EOF
+
+Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
+$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
+> Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
+> EOF
+
+Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
+------------
+
+* Configure a 'fix' trailer with a key that contains a '#' and no
+  space after this character, and show how it works:
++
+------------
+$ git config trailer.separators ":#"
+$ git config trailer.fix.key "Fix #"
+$ echo "subject" | git interpret-trailers --trailer fix=42
+subject
+
+Fix #42
+------------
+
+* Configure a 'see' trailer with a command to show the subject of a
+  commit that is related, and show how it works:
++
+------------
+$ git config trailer.see.key "See-also: "
+$ git config trailer.see.ifExists "replace"
+$ git config trailer.see.ifMissing "doNothing"
+$ git config trailer.see.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG"
+$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
+> subject
+> 
+> message
+> 
+> see: HEAD~2
+> EOF
+subject
+
+message
+
+See-also: fe3187489d69c4 (subject of related commit)
+------------
+
+* Configure a commit template with some trailers with empty values
+  (using sed to show and keep the trailing spaces at the end of the
+  trailers), then configure a commit-msg hook that uses
+  'git interpret-trailers' to remove trailers with empty values and
+  to add a 'git-version' trailer:
++
+------------
+$ sed -e 's/ Z$/ /' >commit_template.txt <<EOF
+> ***subject***
+> 
+> ***message***
+> 
+> Fixes: Z
+> Cc: Z
+> Reviewed-by: Z
+> Signed-off-by: Z
+> EOF
+$ git config commit.template commit_template.txt
+$ cat >.git/hooks/commit-msg <<EOF
+> #!/bin/sh
+> git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "git-version: \$(git describe)" "\$1" > "\$1.new"
+> mv "\$1.new" "\$1"
+> EOF
+$ chmod +x .git/hooks/commit-msg
+------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-commit[1], linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
index 249fc878ec..4a6c47f843 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-log.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -9,79 +9,94 @@ git-log - Show commit logs
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git log' [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[\--] <path>...]
+'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Shows the commit logs.
 
-The command takes options applicable to the 'git rev-list'
+The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
-the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the changes
+the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
 each commit introduces are shown.
 
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
--<n>::
-	Limits the number of commits to show.
-	Note that this is a commit limiting option, see below.
-
-<since>..<until>::
-	Show only commits between the named two commits.  When
-	either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to
-	`HEAD`, i.e. the tip of the current branch.
-	For a more complete list of ways to spell <since>
-	and <until>, see linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
-
 --follow::
 	Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
 	(works only for a single file).
 
 --no-decorate::
---decorate[=short|full|no]::
+--decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
 	Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
 	specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
 	'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
-	full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. The default option
-	is 'short'.
+	full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
+	specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
+	are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
+	shown. The default option is 'short'.
 
 --source::
 	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
 	commit was reached.
 
+--use-mailmap::
+	Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
+	addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
+	linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+
 --full-diff::
-	Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that
+	Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
 	touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
 	paths.  With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
 	the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
 	commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
 +
 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
-produced by --stat etc.
+produced by `--stat`, etc.
 
 --log-size::
-	Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended
-	mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If git is unable to
-	produce a valid value size is set to zero.
-	Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown
-	its size is not included.
+	Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
+	where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
+	Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
+	output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
+
+-L <start>,<end>:<file>::
+-L :<funcname>:<file>::
+	Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
+	(or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>.  You may
+	not give any pathspec limiters.  This is currently limited to
+	a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
+	give zero or one positive revision arguments.
+	You can specify this option more than once.
++
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
+
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 
 [\--] <path>...::
 	Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
-	that match the specified paths came to be.  See "History
-	Simplification" below for details and other simplification
+	that match the specified paths came to be.  See 'History
+	Simplification' below for details and other simplification
 	modes.
 +
-To prevent confusion with options and branch names, paths may need to
-be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from options or refnames.
+Paths may need to be prefixed with ``\-- '' to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
 
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
-Common diff options
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
 -------------------
 
 :git-log: 1
@@ -89,7 +104,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
 
 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
 
-Examples
+EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git log --no-merges`::
 
@@ -98,12 +113,12 @@ Examples
 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
 
 	Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
-	in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+	in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
 
-`git log --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk`::
+`git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
 
 	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
-	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
+	The ``--'' is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
 	'gitk'
 
 `git log --name-status release..test`::
@@ -112,9 +127,9 @@ Examples
 	in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
 	each commit modifies.
 
-`git log --follow builtin-rev-list.c`::
+`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
 
-	Shows the commits that changed builtin-rev-list.c, including
+	Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
 	those commits that occurred before the file was given its
 	present name.
 
@@ -132,30 +147,38 @@ Examples
 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
 
 	Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
-	"main branch" perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
+	``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
 	branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
 	This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
 	topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
 
+`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
 
-Discussion
+	Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
+	over time.
+
+`git log -3`::
+
+	Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
+
+DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
 include::i18n.txt[]
 
-Configuration
+CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
 for settings related to diff generation.
 
 format.pretty::
-	Default for the `--format` option.  (See "PRETTY FORMATS" above.)
-	Defaults to "medium".
+	Default for the `--format` option.  (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
+	Defaults to `medium`.
 
 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
-	Encoding to use when displaying logs.  (See "Discussion", above.)
-	Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, UTF-8
+	Encoding to use when displaying logs.  (See 'Discussion' above.)
+	Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
 	otherwise.
 
 log.date::
@@ -163,19 +186,25 @@ log.date::
 	`--date` option.)  Defaults to "default", which means to write
 	dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
 
-log.showroot::
-	If `false`, 'git log' and related commands will not treat the
+log.follow::
+	If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
+	a single <path> is given.  This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
+	i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
+	on non-linear history.
+
+log.showRoot::
+	If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
 	initial commit as a big creation event.  Any root commits in
 	`git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
 	The default is `true`.
 
-mailmap.file::
+mailmap.*::
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
 
 notes.displayRef::
 	Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
-	or 'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit
-	messages with the 'log' family of commands.  See
+	or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
+	messages with the `log` family of commands.  See
 	linkgit:git-notes[1].
 +
 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
@@ -183,7 +212,7 @@ multiple times.  A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
 +
 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
-overridden by the 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF' environment variable,
+overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c406a11001..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-git-lost-found(1)
-=================
-
-NAME
-----
-git-lost-found - Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git lost-found'
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-
-*NOTE*: this command is deprecated.  Use linkgit:git-fsck[1] with
-the option '--lost-found' instead.
-
-Finds dangling commits and tags from the object database, and
-creates refs to them in the .git/lost-found/ directory.  Commits and
-tags that dereference to commits are stored in .git/lost-found/commit,
-and other objects are stored in .git/lost-found/other.
-
-
-OUTPUT
-------
-Prints to standard output the object names and one-line descriptions
-of any commits or tags found.
-
-EXAMPLE
--------
-
-Suppose you run 'git tag -f' and mistype the tag to overwrite.
-The ref to your tag is overwritten, but until you run 'git
-prune', the tag itself is still there.
-
-------------
-$ git lost-found
-[1ef2b196d909eed523d4f3c9bf54b78cdd6843c6] GIT 0.99.9c
-...
-------------
-
-Also you can use gitk to browse how any tags found relate to each
-other.
-
-------------
-$ gitk $(cd .git/lost-found/commit && echo ??*)
-------------
-
-After making sure you know which the object is the tag you are looking
-for, you can reconnect it to your regular .git/refs hierarchy.
-
-------------
-$ git cat-file -t 1ef2b196
-tag
-$ git cat-file tag 1ef2b196
-object fa41bbce8e38c67a218415de6cfa510c7e50032a
-type commit
-tag v0.99.9c
-tagger Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> 1131059594 -0800
-
-GIT 0.99.9c
-
-This contains the following changes from the "master" branch, since
-...
-$ git update-ref refs/tags/not-lost-anymore 1ef2b196
-$ git rev-parse not-lost-anymore
-1ef2b196d909eed523d4f3c9bf54b78cdd6843c6
-------------
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
index 4b28292811..75c3f4157d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git ls-files' [-z] [-t] [-v]
 		(--[cached|deleted|others|ignored|stage|unmerged|killed|modified])*
 		(-[c|d|o|i|s|u|k|m])*
+		[--eol]
 		[-x <pattern>|--exclude=<pattern>]
 		[-X <file>|--exclude-from=<file>]
 		[--exclude-per-directory=<file>]
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	directory and its subdirectories in <file>.
 
 --exclude-standard::
-	Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
+	Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
 	in each directory, and the user's global exclusion file.
 
 --error-unmatch::
@@ -147,6 +148,24 @@ a space) at the start of each line:
 	possible for manual inspection; the exact format may change at
 	any time.
 
+--eol::
+	Show <eolinfo> and <eolattr> of files.
+	<eolinfo> is the file content identification used by Git when
+	the "text" attribute is "auto" (or not set and core.autocrlf is not false).
+	<eolinfo> is either "-text", "none", "lf", "crlf", "mixed" or "".
++
+"" means the file is not a regular file, it is not in the index or
+not accessible in the working tree.
++
+<eolattr> is the attribute that is used when checking out or committing,
+it is either "", "-text", "text", "text=auto", "text eol=lf", "text eol=crlf".
+Note: Currently Git does not support "text=auto eol=lf" or "text=auto eol=crlf",
+that may change in the future.
++
+Both the <eolinfo> in the index ("i/<eolinfo>")
+and in the working tree ("w/<eolinfo>") are shown for regular files,
+followed by the  ("attr/<eolattr>").
+
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
@@ -161,10 +180,13 @@ which case it outputs:
 
         [<tag> ]<mode> <object> <stage> <file>
 
+'git ls-files --eol' will show
+	i/<eolinfo><SPACES>w/<eolinfo><SPACES>attr/<eolattr><SPACE*><TAB><file>
+
 'git ls-files --unmerged' and 'git ls-files --stage' can be used to examine
 detailed information on unmerged paths.
 
-For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
+For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA-1 pair,
 the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3.  This information can be used by
 the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
@@ -185,15 +207,15 @@ specifies the format of exclude patterns.
 
 These exclude patterns come from these places, in order:
 
-  1. The command line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a
+  1. The command-line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a
      single pattern.  Patterns are ordered in the same order
      they appear in the command line.
 
-  2. The command line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a
+  2. The command-line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a
      file containing a list of patterns.  Patterns are ordered
      in the same order they appear in the file.
 
-  3. The command line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
+  3. The command-line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
      a name of the file in each directory 'git ls-files'
      examines, normally `.gitignore`.  Files in deeper
      directories take precedence.  Patterns are ordered in the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
index 7a9b86a58a..5f2628c8f8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ git-ls-remote - List references in a remote repository
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git ls-remote' [--heads] [--tags]  [-u <exec> | --upload-pack <exec>]
-	      [--exit-code] <repository> [<refs>...]
+'git ls-remote' [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]
+	      [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]
+	      [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -29,7 +30,13 @@ OPTIONS
 	both, references stored in refs/heads and refs/tags are
 	displayed.
 
--u <exec>::
+--refs::
+	Do not show peeled tags or pseudorefs like HEAD	in the output.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Do not print remote URL to stderr.
+
 --upload-pack=<exec>::
 	Specify the full path of 'git-upload-pack' on the remote
 	host. This allows listing references from repositories accessed via
@@ -42,10 +49,21 @@ OPTIONS
 	it successfully talked with the remote repository, whether it
 	found any matching refs.
 
+--get-url::
+	Expand the URL of the given remote repository taking into account any
+	"url.<base>.insteadOf" config setting (See linkgit:git-config[1]) and
+	exit without talking to the remote.
+
+--symref::
+	In addition to the object pointed by it, show the underlying
+	ref pointed by it when showing a symbolic ref.  Currently,
+	upload-pack only shows the symref HEAD, so it will be the only
+	one shown by ls-remote.
+
 <repository>::
-	Location of the repository.  The shorthand defined in
-	$GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in
-	the local repository.
+	The "remote" repository to query.  This parameter can be
+	either a URL or the name of a remote (see the GIT URLS and
+	REMOTES sections of linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
 
 <refs>...::
 	When unspecified, all references, after filtering done
@@ -65,9 +83,8 @@ EXAMPLES
 	$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc
 	5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740	refs/heads/master
 	c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/pu
-	b1d096f2926c4e37c9c0b6a7bf2119bedaa277cb	refs/heads/rc
-	$ echo http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git >.git/branches/public
-	$ git ls-remote --tags public v\*
+	$ git remote add korg http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
+	$ git ls-remote --tags korg v\*
 	d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
 	f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
 	c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
index 51dc325748..3bbc731f67 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-mailinfo - Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors] <msg> <patch>
+'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--[no-]scissors] <msg> <patch>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -25,13 +25,24 @@ command directly.  See linkgit:git-am[1] instead.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -k::
-	Usually the program 'cleans up' the Subject: header line
-	to extract the title line for the commit log message,
-	among which (1) remove 'Re:' or 're:', (2) leading
-	whitespaces, (3) '[' up to ']', typically '[PATCH]', and
-	then prepends "[PATCH] ".  This flag forbids this
-	munging, and is most useful when used to read back
-	'git format-patch -k' output.
+	Usually the program removes email cruft from the Subject:
+	header line to extract the title line for the commit log
+	message.  This option prevents this munging, and is most
+	useful when used to read back 'git format-patch -k' output.
++
+Specifically, the following are removed until none of them remain:
++
+--
+*	Leading and trailing whitespace.
+
+*	Leading `Re:`, `re:`, and `:`.
+
+*	Leading bracketed strings (between `[` and `]`, usually
+	`[PATCH]`).
+--
++
+Finally, runs of whitespace are normalized to a single ASCII space
+character.
 
 -b::
 	When -k is not in effect, all leading strings bracketed with '['
@@ -55,6 +66,11 @@ conversion, even with this flag.
 -n::
 	Disable all charset re-coding of the metadata.
 
+-m::
+--message-id::
+	Copy the Message-ID header at the end of the commit message.  This
+	is useful in order to associate commits with mailing list discussions.
+
 --scissors::
 	Remove everything in body before a scissors line.  A line that
 	mainly consists of scissors (either ">8" or "8<") and perforation
@@ -69,7 +85,7 @@ with comments and suggestions on the message you are responding to, and to
 conclude it with a patch submission, separating the discussion and the
 beginning of the proposed commit log message with a scissors line.
 +
-This can enabled by default with the configuration option mailinfo.scissors.
+This can be enabled by default with the configuration option mailinfo.scissors.
 
 --no-scissors::
 	Ignore scissors lines. Useful for overriding mailinfo.scissors settings.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mailsplit.txt b/Documentation/git-mailsplit.txt
index 4d1b871d96..e3b2a88c4b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mailsplit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mailsplit.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ git-mailsplit - Simple UNIX mbox splitter program
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mailsplit' [-b] [-f<nn>] [-d<prec>] [--keep-cr] -o<directory> [--] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]
+'git mailsplit' [-b] [-f<nn>] [-d<prec>] [--keep-cr] [--mboxrd]
+		-o<directory> [--] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -47,6 +48,10 @@ OPTIONS
 --keep-cr::
 	Do not remove `\r` from lines ending with `\r\n`.
 
+--mboxrd::
+	Input is of the "mboxrd" format and "^>+From " line escaping is
+	reversed.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
index b295bf8330..808426faac 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...
 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>...
+'git merge-base' --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>
 'git merge-base' --independent <commit>...
+'git merge-base' --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,8 +25,8 @@ that does not have any better common ancestor is a 'best common
 ancestor', i.e. a 'merge base'.  Note that there can be more than one
 merge base for a pair of commits.
 
-OPERATION MODE
---------------
+OPERATION MODES
+---------------
 
 As the most common special case, specifying only two commits on the
 command line means computing the merge base between the given two commits.
@@ -50,6 +52,20 @@ from linkgit:git-show-branch[1] when used with the `--merge-base` option.
 	from any other.  This mimics the behavior of 'git show-branch
 	--independent'.
 
+--is-ancestor::
+	Check if the first <commit> is an ancestor of the second <commit>,
+	and exit with status 0 if true, or with status 1 if not.
+	Errors are signaled by a non-zero status that is not 1.
+
+--fork-point::
+	Find the point at which a branch (or any history that leads
+	to <commit>) forked from another branch (or any reference)
+	<ref>. This does not just look for the common ancestor of
+	the two commits, but also takes into account the reflog of
+	<ref> to see if the history leading to <commit> forked from
+	an earlier incarnation of the branch <ref> (see discussion
+	on this mode below).
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -a::
@@ -110,6 +126,52 @@ both '1' and '2' are merge-bases of A and B.  Neither one is better than
 the other (both are 'best' merge bases).  When the `--all` option is not given,
 it is unspecified which best one is output.
 
+A common idiom to check "fast-forward-ness" between two commits A
+and B is (or at least used to be) to compute the merge base between
+A and B, and check if it is the same as A, in which case, A is an
+ancestor of B.  You will see this idiom used often in older scripts.
+
+	A=$(git rev-parse --verify A)
+	if test "$A" = "$(git merge-base A B)"
+	then
+		... A is an ancestor of B ...
+	fi
+
+In modern git, you can say this in a more direct way:
+
+	if git merge-base --is-ancestor A B
+	then
+		... A is an ancestor of B ...
+	fi
+
+instead.
+
+Discussion on fork-point mode
+-----------------------------
+
+After working on the `topic` branch created with `git checkout -b
+topic origin/master`, the history of remote-tracking branch
+`origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a
+history of this shape:
+
+			 o---B1
+			/
+	---o---o---B2--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
+		\
+		 B3
+		  \
+		   Derived (topic)
+
+where `origin/master` used to point at commits B3, B2, B1 and now it
+points at B, and your `topic` branch was started on top of it back
+when `origin/master` was at B3. This mode uses the reflog of
+`origin/master` to find B3 as the fork point, so that the `topic`
+can be rebased on top of the updated `origin/master` by:
+
+    $ fork_point=$(git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic)
+    $ git rebase --onto origin/master $fork_point topic
+
+
 See also
 --------
 linkgit:git-rev-list[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
index d7db2a3737..f856032613 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git merge-file' [-L <current-name> [-L <base-name> [-L <other-name>]]]
 	[--ours|--theirs|--union] [-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet] [--marker-size=<n>]
-	<current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
+	[--[no-]diff3] <current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ lines from `<other-file>`, or lines from both respectively.  The length of the
 conflict markers can be given with the `--marker-size` option.
 
 The exit value of this program is negative on error, and the number of
-conflicts otherwise. If the merge was clean, the exit value is 0.
+conflicts otherwise (truncated to 127 if there are more than that many
+conflicts). If the merge was clean, the exit value is 0.
 
 'git merge-file' is designed to be a minimal clone of RCS 'merge'; that is, it
 implements all of RCS 'merge''s functionality which is needed by
@@ -66,6 +67,9 @@ OPTIONS
 -q::
 	Quiet; do not warn about conflicts.
 
+--diff3::
+	Show conflicts in "diff3" style.
+
 --ours::
 --theirs::
 --union::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
index e0df1b3340..02676fb391 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This looks up the <file>(s) in the index and, if there are any merge
-entries, passes the SHA1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
+entries, passes the SHA-1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
 argument if no file), and <file> as argument 4.  File modes for the three
 files are passed as arguments 5, 6 and 7.
 
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ If 'git merge-index' is called with multiple <file>s (or -a) then it
 processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit
 code.
 
-Typically this is run with a script calling git's imitation of
+Typically this is run with a script calling Git's imitation of
 the 'merge' command from the RCS package.
 
 A sample script called 'git merge-one-file' is included in the
 distribution.
 
-ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the
+ALERT ALERT ALERT! The Git "merge object order" is different from the
 RCS 'merge' program merge object order. In the above ordering, the
 original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program
 'merge' is to have the original in the middle. Don't ask me why.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
index c5f84b6495..58731c1942 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads three treeish, and output trivial merge results and
+Reads three tree-ish, and output trivial merge results and
 conflicting stages to the standard output.  This is similar to
 what three-way 'git read-tree -m' does, but instead of storing the
 results in the index, the command outputs the entries to the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index e2e6aba17e..b758d5556c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ git-merge - Join two or more development histories together
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash]
-	[-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>]
+'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [--[no-]edit]
+	[-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<keyid>]]
+	[--[no-]allow-unrelated-histories]
 	[--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] [<commit>...]
 'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>...
 'git merge' --abort
@@ -56,8 +57,8 @@ especially if those changes were further modified after the merge
 was started), 'git merge --abort' will in some cases be unable to
 reconstruct the original (pre-merge) changes. Therefore:
 
-*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with uncommitted changes is
-discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that is hard to
+*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with non-trivial uncommitted changes is
+discouraged: while possible, it may leave you in a state that is hard to
 back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
 
@@ -65,6 +66,12 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 include::merge-options.txt[]
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign the resulting merge commit. The `keyid` argument is
+	optional and defaults to the committer identity; if specified,
+	it must be stuck to the option without a space.
+
 -m <msg>::
 	Set the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in
 	case one is created).
@@ -74,10 +81,9 @@ will be appended to the specified message.
 +
 The 'git fmt-merge-msg' command can be
 used to give a good default for automated 'git merge'
-invocations.
+invocations. The automated message can include the branch description.
 
---rerere-autoupdate::
---no-rerere-autoupdate::
+--[no-]rerere-autoupdate::
 	Allow the rerere mechanism to update the index with the
 	result of auto-conflict resolution if possible.
 
@@ -98,10 +104,13 @@ commit or stash your changes before running 'git merge'.
 	Specifying more than one commit will create a merge with
 	more than two parents (affectionately called an Octopus merge).
 +
-If no commit is given from the command line, and if `merge.defaultToUpstream`
-configuration variable is set, merge the remote tracking branches
-that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream.
+If no commit is given from the command line, merge the remote-tracking
+branches that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream.
 See also the configuration section of this manual page.
++
+When `FETCH_HEAD` (and no other commit) is specified, the branches
+recorded in the `.git/FETCH_HEAD` file by the previous invocation
+of `git fetch` for merging are merged to the current branch.
 
 
 PRE-MERGE CHECKS
@@ -170,6 +179,30 @@ happens:
 If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
 want to start over, you can recover with `git merge --abort`.
 
+MERGING TAG
+-----------
+
+When merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag, Git always
+creates a merge commit even if a fast-forward merge is possible, and
+the commit message template is prepared with the tag message.
+Additionally, if the tag is signed, the signature check is reported
+as a comment in the message template. See also linkgit:git-tag[1].
+
+When you want to just integrate with the work leading to the commit
+that happens to be tagged, e.g. synchronizing with an upstream
+release point, you may not want to make an unnecessary merge commit.
+
+In such a case, you can "unwrap" the tag yourself before feeding it
+to `git merge`, or pass `--ff-only` when you do not have any work on
+your own. e.g.
+
+----
+git fetch origin
+git merge v1.2.3^0
+git merge --ff-only v1.2.3
+----
+
+
 HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
 ---------------------------
 
@@ -178,10 +211,10 @@ of the merge.  Among the changes made to the common ancestor's version,
 non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the
 other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the
 final result verbatim.  When both sides made changes to the same area,
-however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
+however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
 resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area.
 
-By default, git uses the same style as that is used by "merge" program
+By default, Git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program
 from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this:
 
 ------------
@@ -206,7 +239,7 @@ Barbie's remark on your side.  The only thing you can tell is that your
 side wants to say it is hard and you'd prefer to go shopping, while the
 other side wants to claim it is easy.
 
-An alternative style can be used by setting the "merge.conflictstyle"
+An alternative style can be used by setting the "merge.conflictStyle"
 configuration variable to "diff3".  In "diff3" style, the above conflict
 may look like this:
 
@@ -303,7 +336,7 @@ CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 include::merge-config.txt[]
 
-branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
+branch.<name>.mergeOptions::
 	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
 	supported options are the same as those of 'git merge', but option
 	values containing whitespace characters are currently not supported.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
index f98a41b87c..055550b2bc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-mergetool{litdd}lib(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-mergetool--lib - Common git merge tool shell scriptlets
+git-mergetool--lib - Common Git merge tool shell scriptlets
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.
 
 The 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up functions for working
-with git merge tools.
+with Git merge tools.
 
 Before sourcing 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib', your script must set `TOOL_MODE`
 to define the operation mode for the functions listed below.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
index 2a49de7cfe..e846c2ed7f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-mergetool - Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [<file>...]
+'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y | --[no-]prompt] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ OPTIONS
 -t <tool>::
 --tool=<tool>::
 	Use the merge resolution program specified by <tool>.
-	Valid merge tools are:
-	araxis, bc3, diffuse, ecmerge, emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3,
-	meld, opendiff, p4merge, tkdiff, tortoisemerge, vimdiff and xxdiff.
+	Valid values include emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3,
+	meld, vimdiff, and tortoisemerge. Run `git mergetool --tool-help`
+	for the list of valid <tool> settings.
 +
 If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git mergetool'
 will use the configuration variable `merge.tool`.  If the
@@ -64,15 +64,20 @@ variable `mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode` can be set to `true`.
 Otherwise, 'git mergetool' will prompt the user to indicate the
 success of the resolution after the custom tool has exited.
 
+--tool-help::
+	Print a list of merge tools that may be used with `--tool`.
+
 -y::
 --no-prompt::
 	Don't prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution
 	program.
+	This is the default if the merge resolution program is
+	explicitly specified with the `--tool` option or with the
+	`merge.tool` configuration variable.
 
 --prompt::
-	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program.
-	This is the default behaviour; the option is provided to
-	override any configuration settings.
+	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program
+	to give the user a chance to skip the path.
 
 TEMPORARY FILES
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
index 65e167a5c5..fa6a756123 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-mktag - Creates a tag object
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mktag' < signature_file
+'git mktag'
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ The output is the new tag's <object> identifier.
 
 Tag Format
 ----------
-A tag signature file has a very simple fixed format: four lines of
+A tag signature file, to be fed to this command's standard input,
+has a very simple fixed format: four lines of
 
   object <sha1>
   type <typename>
@@ -28,9 +29,9 @@ A tag signature file has a very simple fixed format: four lines of
   tagger <tagger>
 
 followed by some 'optional' free-form message (some tags created
-by older git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
+by older Git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
 exists, is separated by a blank line from the header.  The
-message part may contain a signature that git itself doesn't
+message part may contain a signature that Git itself doesn't
 care about, but that can be verified with gpg.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
index e3c8448614..e4531325cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mv.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This script is used to move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
+Move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
 
  git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> <destination>
  git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> ... <destination directory>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -k::
         Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error
 	condition. An error happens when a source is neither existing nor
-        controlled by GIT, or when it would overwrite an existing
+	controlled by Git, or when it would overwrite an existing
         file unless '-f' is given.
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -44,6 +44,26 @@ OPTIONS
 --verbose::
 	Report the names of files as they are moved.
 
+SUBMODULES
+----------
+Moving a submodule using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will update the gitfile and
+core.worktree setting to make the submodule work in the new location.
+It also will attempt to update the submodule.<name>.path setting in
+the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and stage that file (unless -n is used).
+
+BUGS
+----
+Each time a superproject update moves a populated submodule (e.g. when
+switching between commits before and after the move) a stale submodule
+checkout will remain in the old location and an empty directory will
+appear in the new location. To populate the submodule again in the new
+location the user will have to run "git submodule update"
+afterwards. Removing the old directory is only safe when it uses a
+gitfile, as otherwise the history of the submodule will be deleted
+too. Both steps will be obsolete when recursive submodule update has
+been implemented.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
index ad1d1468c9..ca28fb8e2a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git name-rev' [--tags] [--refs=<pattern>]
-	       ( --all | --stdin | <committish>... )
+	       ( --all | --stdin | <commit-ish>... )
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -25,14 +25,17 @@ OPTIONS
 	Do not use branch names, but only tags to name the commits
 
 --refs=<pattern>::
-	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.
+	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.  The pattern
+	can be one of branch name, tag name or fully qualified ref name.
 
 --all::
 	List all commits reachable from all refs
 
 --stdin::
-	Read from stdin, append "(<rev_name>)" to all sha1's of nameable
-	commits, and pass to stdout
+	Transform stdin by substituting all the 40-character SHA-1
+	hexes (say $hex) with "$hex ($rev_name)".  When used with
+	--name-only, substitute with "$rev_name", omitting $hex
+	altogether.  Intended for the scripter's use.
 
 --name-only::
 	Instead of printing both the SHA-1 and the name, print only
diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
index e8319eac69..02a10bc3b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git notes' [list [<object>]]
-'git notes' add [-f] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
+'git notes' add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
 'git notes' copy [-f] ( --stdin | <from-object> <to-object> )
-'git notes' append [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
-'git notes' edit [<object>]
+'git notes' append [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
+'git notes' edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]
 'git notes' show [<object>]
-'git notes' merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>
+'git notes' merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes-ref>
 'git notes' merge --commit [-v | -q]
 'git notes' merge --abort [-v | -q]
 'git notes' remove [--ignore-missing] [--stdin] [<object>...]
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ message stored in the commit object, the notes are indented like the
 message, after an unindented line saying "Notes (<refname>):" (or
 "Notes:" for `refs/notes/commits`).
 
+Notes can also be added to patches prepared with `git format-patch` by
+using the `--notes` option. Such notes are added as a patch commentary
+after a three dash separator line.
+
 To change which notes are shown by 'git log', see the
 "notes.displayRef" configuration in linkgit:git-log[1].
 
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ copy::
 	second object). This subcommand is equivalent to:
 	`git notes add [-f] -C $(git notes list <from-object>) <to-object>`
 +
-In `\--stdin` mode, take lines in the format
+In `--stdin` mode, take lines in the format
 +
 ----------
 <from-object> SP <to-object> [ SP <rest> ] LF
@@ -97,7 +101,7 @@ merge::
 	any) into the current notes ref (called "local").
 +
 If conflicts arise and a strategy for automatically resolving
-conflicting notes (see the -s/--strategy option) is not given,
+conflicting notes (see the "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section) is not given,
 the "manual" resolver is used. This resolver checks out the
 conflicting notes in a special worktree (`.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE`),
 and instructs the user to manually resolve the conflicts there.
@@ -151,10 +155,16 @@ OPTIONS
 	Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
 	the user can further edit the note message.
 
+--allow-empty::
+	Allow an empty note object to be stored. The default behavior is
+	to automatically remove empty notes.
+
 --ref <ref>::
 	Manipulate the notes tree in <ref>.  This overrides
-	'GIT_NOTES_REF' and the "core.notesRef" configuration.  The ref
-	is taken to be in `refs/notes/` if it is not qualified.
+	`GIT_NOTES_REF` and the "core.notesRef" configuration.  The ref
+	specifies the full refname when it begins with `refs/notes/`; when it
+	begins with `notes/`, `refs/` and otherwise `refs/notes/` is prefixed
+	to form a full name of the ref.
 
 --ignore-missing::
 	Do not consider it an error to request removing notes from an
@@ -175,6 +185,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	When merging notes, resolve notes conflicts using the given
 	strategy. The following strategies are recognized: "manual"
 	(default), "ours", "theirs", "union" and "cat_sort_uniq".
+	This option overrides the "notes.mergeStrategy" configuration setting.
 	See the "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section below for more
 	information on each notes merge strategy.
 
@@ -239,6 +250,9 @@ When done, the user can either finalize the merge with
 'git notes merge --commit', or abort the merge with
 'git notes merge --abort'.
 
+Users may select an automated merge strategy from among the following using
+either -s/--strategy option or configuring notes.mergeStrategy accordingly:
+
 "ours" automatically resolves conflicting notes in favor of the local
 version (i.e. the current notes ref).
 
@@ -283,7 +297,7 @@ arbitrary files using 'git hash-object':
 ------------
 $ cc *.c
 $ blob=$(git hash-object -w a.out)
-$ git notes --ref=built add -C "$blob" HEAD
+$ git notes --ref=built add --allow-empty -C "$blob" HEAD
 ------------
 
 (You cannot simply use `git notes --ref=built add -F a.out HEAD`
@@ -302,13 +316,27 @@ core.notesRef::
 	This setting can be overridden through the environment and
 	command line.
 
+notes.mergeStrategy::
+	Which merge strategy to choose by default when resolving notes
+	conflicts.  Must be one of `manual`, `ours`, `theirs`, `union`, or
+	`cat_sort_uniq`.  Defaults to `manual`.  See "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES"
+	section above for more information on each strategy.
++
+This setting can be overridden by passing the `--strategy` option.
+
+notes.<name>.mergeStrategy::
+	Which merge strategy to choose when doing a notes merge into
+	refs/notes/<name>.  This overrides the more general
+	"notes.mergeStrategy".  See the "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section above
+	for more information on each available strategy.
+
 notes.displayRef::
 	Which ref (or refs, if a glob or specified more than once), in
 	addition to the default set by `core.notesRef` or
-	'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit
+	`GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
 	messages with the 'git log' family of commands.
 	This setting can be overridden on the command line or by the
-	'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF' environment variable.
+	`GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable.
 	See linkgit:git-log[1].
 
 notes.rewrite.<command>::
@@ -317,13 +345,14 @@ notes.rewrite.<command>::
 	notes from the original to the rewritten commit.  Defaults to
 	`true`.  See also "`notes.rewriteRef`" below.
 +
-This setting can be overridden by the 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF'
+This setting can be overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF`
 environment variable.
 
 notes.rewriteMode::
 	When copying notes during a rewrite, what to do if the target
 	commit already has a note.  Must be one of `overwrite`,
-	`concatenate`, and `ignore`.  Defaults to `concatenate`.
+	`concatenate`, `cat_sort_uniq`, or `ignore`.  Defaults to
+	`concatenate`.
 +
 This setting can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE`
 environment variable.
@@ -337,33 +366,33 @@ notes.rewriteRef::
 Does not have a default value; you must configure this variable to
 enable note rewriting.
 +
-Can be overridden with the 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF' environment variable.
+Can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF` environment variable.
 
 
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
 
-'GIT_NOTES_REF'::
+`GIT_NOTES_REF`::
 	Which ref to manipulate notes from, instead of `refs/notes/commits`.
 	This overrides the `core.notesRef` setting.
 
-'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF'::
+`GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF`::
 	Colon-delimited list of refs or globs indicating which refs,
 	in addition to the default from `core.notesRef` or
-	'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit
+	`GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
 	messages.
 	This overrides the `notes.displayRef` setting.
 +
 A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist, but a glob that
 does not match any refs is silently ignored.
 
-'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE'::
+`GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE`::
 	When copying notes during a rewrite, what to do if the target
 	commit already has a note.
-	Must be one of `overwrite`, `concatenate`, and `ignore`.
+	Must be one of `overwrite`, `concatenate`, `cat_sort_uniq`, or `ignore`.
 	This overrides the `core.rewriteMode` setting.
 
-'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF'::
+`GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF`::
 	When rewriting commits, which notes to copy from the original
 	to the rewritten commit.  Must be a colon-delimited list of
 	refs or globs.
@@ -371,16 +400,6 @@ does not match any refs is silently ignored.
 If not set in the environment, the list of notes to copy depends
 on the `notes.rewrite.<command>` and `notes.rewriteRef` settings.
 
-
-Author
-------
-Written by Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> and
-Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
-
-Documentation
--------------
-Documentation by Johannes Schindelin and Johan Herland
-
 GIT
 ---
-Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d4f1519e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,637 @@
+git-p4(1)
+=========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-p4 - Import from and submit to Perforce repositories
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git p4 clone' [<sync options>] [<clone options>] <p4 depot path>...
+'git p4 sync' [<sync options>] [<p4 depot path>...]
+'git p4 rebase'
+'git p4 submit' [<submit options>] [<master branch name>]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This command provides a way to interact with p4 repositories
+using Git.
+
+Create a new Git repository from an existing p4 repository using
+'git p4 clone', giving it one or more p4 depot paths.  Incorporate
+new commits from p4 changes with 'git p4 sync'.  The 'sync' command
+is also used to include new branches from other p4 depot paths.
+Submit Git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
+'git p4 rebase' does a sync plus rebases the current branch onto
+the updated p4 remote branch.
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+* Clone a repository:
++
+------------
+$ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
+------------
+
+* Do some work in the newly created Git repository:
++
+------------
+$ cd project
+$ vi foo.h
+$ git commit -a -m "edited foo.h"
+------------
+
+* Update the Git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
+  work on top:
++
+------------
+$ git p4 rebase
+------------
+
+* Submit your commits back to p4:
++
+------------
+$ git p4 submit
+------------
+
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+
+Clone
+~~~~~
+Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new Git directory
+from an existing p4 repository:
+------------
+$ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
+------------
+This:
+
+1.   Creates an empty Git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
++
+2.   Imports the full contents of the head revision from the given p4
+depot path into a single commit in the Git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
++
+3.   Creates a local branch, 'master' from this remote and checks it out.
+
+To reproduce the entire p4 history in Git, use the '@all' modifier on
+the depot path:
+------------
+$ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all
+------------
+
+
+Sync
+~~~~
+As development continues in the p4 repository, those changes can
+be included in the Git repository using:
+------------
+$ git p4 sync
+------------
+This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as Git commits.
+
+P4 repositories can be added to an existing Git repository using
+'git p4 sync' too:
+------------
+$ mkdir repo-git
+$ cd repo-git
+$ git init
+$ git p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot
+------------
+This imports the specified depot into
+'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing Git repository.  The
+'--branch' option can be used to specify a different branch to
+be used for the p4 content.
+
+If a Git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
+will be fetched and consulted first during a 'git p4 sync'.  Since
+importing directly from p4 is considerably slower than pulling changes
+from a Git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+
+If there are multiple branches, doing 'git p4 sync' will automatically
+use the "BRANCH DETECTION" algorithm to try to partition new changes
+into the right branch.  This can be overridden with the '--branch'
+option to specify just a single branch to update.
+
+
+Rebase
+~~~~~~
+A common working pattern is to fetch the latest changes from the p4 depot
+and merge them with local uncommitted changes.  Often, the p4 repository
+is the ultimate location for all code, thus a rebase workflow makes
+sense.  This command does 'git p4 sync' followed by 'git rebase' to move
+local commits on top of updated p4 changes.
+------------
+$ git p4 rebase
+------------
+
+
+Submit
+~~~~~~
+Submitting changes from a Git repository back to the p4 repository
+requires a separate p4 client workspace.  This should be specified
+using the `P4CLIENT` environment variable or the Git configuration
+variable 'git-p4.client'.  The p4 client must exist, but the client root
+will be created and populated if it does not already exist.
+
+To submit all changes that are in the current Git branch but not in
+the 'p4/master' branch, use:
+------------
+$ git p4 submit
+------------
+
+To specify a branch other than the current one, use:
+------------
+$ git p4 submit topicbranch
+------------
+
+The upstream reference is generally 'refs/remotes/p4/master', but can
+be overridden using the '--origin=' command-line option.
+
+The p4 changes will be created as the user invoking 'git p4 submit'. The
+'--preserve-user' option will cause ownership to be modified
+according to the author of the Git commit.  This option requires admin
+privileges in p4, which can be granted using 'p4 protect'.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+General options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+All commands except clone accept these options.
+
+--git-dir <dir>::
+	Set the `GIT_DIR` environment variable.  See linkgit:git[1].
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Provide more progress information.
+
+Sync options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+These options can be used in the initial 'clone' as well as in
+subsequent 'sync' operations.
+
+--branch <ref>::
+	Import changes into <ref> instead of refs/remotes/p4/master.
+	If <ref> starts with refs/, it is used as is.  Otherwise, if
+	it does not start with p4/, that prefix is added.
++
+By default a <ref> not starting with refs/ is treated as the
+name of a remote-tracking branch (under refs/remotes/).  This
+behavior can be modified using the --import-local option.
++
+The default <ref> is "master".
++
+This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing
+Git repository:
++
+----
+    $ git init
+    $ git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/proj2 //depot/proj2
+----
+
+--detect-branches::
+	Use the branch detection algorithm to find new paths in p4.  It is
+	documented below in "BRANCH DETECTION".
+
+--changesfile <file>::
+	Import exactly the p4 change numbers listed in 'file', one per
+	line.  Normally, 'git p4' inspects the current p4 repository
+	state and detects the changes it should import.
+
+--silent::
+	Do not print any progress information.
+
+--detect-labels::
+	Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add
+	them as tags in Git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels
+	associated with new changelists. Deprecated.
+
+--import-labels::
+	Import labels from p4 into Git.
+
+--import-local::
+	By default, p4 branches are stored in 'refs/remotes/p4/',
+	where they will be treated as remote-tracking branches by
+	linkgit:git-branch[1] and other commands.  This option instead
+	puts p4 branches in 'refs/heads/p4/'.  Note that future
+	sync operations must specify '--import-local' as well so that
+	they can find the p4 branches in refs/heads.
+
+--max-changes <n>::
+	Import at most 'n' changes, rather than the entire range of
+	changes included in the given revision specifier. A typical
+	usage would be use '@all' as the revision specifier, but then
+	to use '--max-changes 1000' to import only the last 1000
+	revisions rather than the entire revision history.
+
+--changes-block-size <n>::
+	The internal block size to use when converting a revision
+	specifier such as '@all' into a list of specific change
+	numbers. Instead of using a single call to 'p4 changes' to
+	find the full list of changes for the conversion, there are a
+	sequence of calls to 'p4 changes -m', each of which requests
+	one block of changes of the given size. The default block size
+	is 500, which should usually be suitable.
+
+--keep-path::
+	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to Git, by
+	default, involves removing the entire depot path.  With this
+	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in Git.  For example,
+	path '//depot/main/foo/bar.c', when imported from
+	'//depot/main/', becomes 'foo/bar.c'.  With '--keep-path', the
+	Git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
+
+--use-client-spec::
+	Use a client spec to find the list of interesting files in p4.
+	See the "CLIENT SPEC" section below.
+
+-/ <path>::
+	Exclude selected depot paths when cloning or syncing.
+
+Clone options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+These options can be used in an initial 'clone', along with the 'sync'
+options described above.
+
+--destination <directory>::
+	Where to create the Git repository.  If not provided, the last
+	component in the p4 depot path is used to create a new
+	directory.
+
+--bare::
+	Perform a bare clone.  See linkgit:git-clone[1].
+
+Submit options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior.
+
+--origin <commit>::
+	Upstream location from which commits are identified to submit to
+	p4.  By default, this is the most recent p4 commit reachable
+	from 'HEAD'.
+
+-M::
+	Detect renames.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  Renames will be
+	represented in p4 using explicit 'move' operations.  There
+	is no corresponding option to detect copies, but there are
+	variables for both moves and copies.
+
+--preserve-user::
+	Re-author p4 changes before submitting to p4.  This option
+	requires p4 admin privileges.
+
+--export-labels::
+	Export tags from Git as p4 labels. Tags found in Git are applied
+	to the perforce working directory.
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change
+	state in Git or p4.
+
+--prepare-p4-only::
+	Apply a commit to the p4 workspace, opening, adding and deleting
+	files in p4 as for a normal submit operation.  Do not issue the
+	final "p4 submit", but instead print a message about how to
+	submit manually or revert.  This option always stops after the
+	first (oldest) commit.  Git tags are not exported to p4.
+
+--conflict=(ask|skip|quit)::
+	Conflicts can occur when applying a commit to p4.  When this
+	happens, the default behavior ("ask") is to prompt whether to
+	skip this commit and continue, or quit.  This option can be used
+	to bypass the prompt, causing conflicting commits to be automatically
+	skipped, or to quit trying to apply commits, without prompting.
+
+--branch <branch>::
+	After submitting, sync this named branch instead of the default
+	p4/master.  See the "Sync options" section above for more
+	information.
+
+Rebase options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior.
+
+--import-labels::
+	Import p4 labels.
+
+DEPOT PATH SYNTAX
+-----------------
+The p4 depot path argument to 'git p4 sync' and 'git p4 clone' can
+be one or more space-separated p4 depot paths, with an optional
+p4 revision specifier on the end:
+
+"//depot/my/project"::
+    Import one commit with all files in the '#head' change under that tree.
+
+"//depot/my/project@all"::
+    Import one commit for each change in the history of that depot path.
+
+"//depot/my/project@1,6"::
+    Import only changes 1 through 6.
+
+"//depot/proj1@all //depot/proj2@all"::
+    Import all changes from both named depot paths into a single
+    repository.  Only files below these directories are included.
+    There is not a subdirectory in Git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
+    You must use the '--destination' option when specifying more
+    than one depot path.  The revision specifier must be specified
+    identically on each depot path.  If there are files in the
+    depot paths with the same name, the path with the most recently
+    updated version of the file is the one that appears in Git.
+
+See 'p4 help revisions' for the full syntax of p4 revision specifiers.
+
+
+CLIENT SPEC
+-----------
+The p4 client specification is maintained with the 'p4 client' command
+and contains among other fields, a View that specifies how the depot
+is mapped into the client repository.  The 'clone' and 'sync' commands
+can consult the client spec when given the '--use-client-spec' option or
+when the useClientSpec variable is true.  After 'git p4 clone', the
+useClientSpec variable is automatically set in the repository
+configuration file.  This allows future 'git p4 submit' commands to
+work properly; the submit command looks only at the variable and does
+not have a command-line option.
+
+The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  'git p4'
+knows only a subset of the view syntax.  It understands multi-line
+mappings, overlays with '+', exclusions with '-' and double-quotes
+around whitespace.  Of the possible wildcards, 'git p4' only handles
+'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  'git p4' will complain
+if it encounters an unhandled wildcard.
+
+Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist.  If multiple depot
+paths map through overlays to the same location in the repository,
+'git p4' can choose the wrong one.  This is hard to solve without
+dedicating a client spec just for 'git p4'.
+
+The name of the client can be given to 'git p4' in multiple ways.  The
+variable 'git-p4.client' takes precedence if it exists.  Otherwise,
+normal p4 mechanisms of determining the client are used:  environment
+variable P4CLIENT, a file referenced by P4CONFIG, or the local host name.
+
+
+BRANCH DETECTION
+----------------
+P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as Git.  Instead,
+p4 organizes its content as a directory tree, where by convention
+different logical branches are in different locations in the tree.
+The 'p4 branch' command is used to maintain mappings between
+different areas in the tree, and indicate related content.  'git p4'
+can use these mappings to determine branch relationships.
+
+If you have a repository where all the branches of interest exist as
+subdirectories of a single depot path, you can use '--detect-branches'
+when cloning or syncing to have 'git p4' automatically find
+subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in Git.
+
+For example, if the P4 repository structure is:
+----
+//depot/main/...
+//depot/branch1/...
+----
+
+And "p4 branch -o branch1" shows a View line that looks like:
+----
+//depot/main/... //depot/branch1/...
+----
+
+Then this 'git p4 clone' command:
+----
+git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all
+----
+produces a separate branch in 'refs/remotes/p4/' for //depot/main,
+called 'master', and one for //depot/branch1 called 'depot/branch1'.
+
+However, it is not necessary to create branches in p4 to be able to use
+them like branches.  Because it is difficult to infer branch
+relationships automatically, a Git configuration setting
+'git-p4.branchList' can be used to explicitly identify branch
+relationships.  It is a list of "source:destination" pairs, like a
+simple p4 branch specification, where the "source" and "destination" are
+the path elements in the p4 repository.  The example above relied on the
+presence of the p4 branch.  Without p4 branches, the same result will
+occur with:
+----
+git init depot
+cd depot
+git config git-p4.branchList main:branch1
+git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all .
+----
+
+
+PERFORMANCE
+-----------
+The fast-import mechanism used by 'git p4' creates one pack file for
+each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, Git garbage compression
+(linkgit:git-gc[1]) automatically compresses these to fewer pack files,
+but explicit invocation of 'git repack -adf' may improve performance.
+
+
+CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+-----------------------
+The following config settings can be used to modify 'git p4' behavior.
+They all are in the 'git-p4' section.
+
+General variables
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+git-p4.user::
+	User specified as an option to all p4 commands, with '-u <user>'.
+	The environment variable 'P4USER' can be used instead.
+
+git-p4.password::
+	Password specified as an option to all p4 commands, with
+	'-P <password>'.
+	The environment variable 'P4PASS' can be used instead.
+
+git-p4.port::
+	Port specified as an option to all p4 commands, with
+	'-p <port>'.
+	The environment variable 'P4PORT' can be used instead.
+
+git-p4.host::
+	Host specified as an option to all p4 commands, with
+	'-h <host>'.
+	The environment variable 'P4HOST' can be used instead.
+
+git-p4.client::
+	Client specified as an option to all p4 commands, with
+	'-c <client>', including the client spec.
+
+Clone and sync variables
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+git-p4.syncFromOrigin::
+	Because importing commits from other Git repositories is much faster
+	than importing them from p4, a mechanism exists to find p4 changes
+	first in Git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
+	those will be fetched and used when syncing from p4.  This
+	variable can be set to 'false' to disable this behavior.
+
+git-p4.branchUser::
+	One phase in branch detection involves looking at p4 branches
+	to find new ones to import.  By default, all branches are
+	inspected.  This option limits the search to just those owned
+	by the single user named in the variable.
+
+git-p4.branchList::
+	List of branches to be imported when branch detection is
+	enabled.  Each entry should be a pair of branch names separated
+	by a colon (:).  This example declares that both branchA and
+	branchB were created from main:
++
+-------------
+git config       git-p4.branchList main:branchA
+git config --add git-p4.branchList main:branchB
+-------------
+
+git-p4.ignoredP4Labels::
+	List of p4 labels to ignore. This is built automatically as
+	unimportable labels are discovered.
+
+git-p4.importLabels::
+	Import p4 labels into git, as per --import-labels.
+
+git-p4.labelImportRegexp::
+	Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be imported. The
+	default value is '[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'.
+
+git-p4.useClientSpec::
+	Specify that the p4 client spec should be used to identify p4
+	depot paths of interest.  This is equivalent to specifying the
+	option '--use-client-spec'.  See the "CLIENT SPEC" section above.
+	This variable is a boolean, not the name of a p4 client.
+
+git-p4.pathEncoding::
+	Perforce keeps the encoding of a path as given by the originating OS.
+	Git expects paths encoded as UTF-8. Use this config to tell git-p4
+	what encoding Perforce had used for the paths. This encoding is used
+	to transcode the paths to UTF-8. As an example, Perforce on Windows
+	often uses "cp1252" to encode path names.
+
+git-p4.largeFileSystem::
+	Specify the system that is used for large (binary) files. Please note
+	that large file systems do not support the 'git p4 submit' command.
+	Only Git LFS is implemented right now (see https://git-lfs.github.com/
+	for more information). Download and install the Git LFS command line
+	extension to use this option and configure it like this:
++
+-------------
+git config       git-p4.largeFileSystem GitLFS
+-------------
+
+git-p4.largeFileExtensions::
+	All files matching a file extension in the list will be processed
+	by the large file system. Do not prefix the extensions with '.'.
+
+git-p4.largeFileThreshold::
+	All files with an uncompressed size exceeding the threshold will be
+	processed by the large file system. By default the threshold is
+	defined in bytes. Add the suffix k, m, or g to change the unit.
+
+git-p4.largeFileCompressedThreshold::
+	All files with a compressed size exceeding the threshold will be
+	processed by the large file system. This option might slow down
+	your clone/sync process. By default the threshold is defined in
+	bytes. Add the suffix k, m, or g to change the unit.
+
+git-p4.largeFilePush::
+	Boolean variable which defines if large files are automatically
+	pushed to a server.
+
+git-p4.keepEmptyCommits::
+	A changelist that contains only excluded files will be imported
+	as an empty commit if this boolean option is set to true.
+
+git-p4.mapUser::
+	Map a P4 user to a name and email address in Git. Use a string
+	with the following format to create a mapping:
++
+-------------
+git config --add git-p4.mapUser "p4user = First Last <mail@address.com>"
+-------------
++
+A mapping will override any user information from P4. Mappings for
+multiple P4 user can be defined.
+
+Submit variables
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+git-p4.detectRenames::
+	Detect renames.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  This can be true,
+	false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -M'.
+
+git-p4.detectCopies::
+	Detect copies.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  This can be true,
+	false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -C'.
+
+git-p4.detectCopiesHarder::
+	Detect copies harder.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  A boolean.
+
+git-p4.preserveUser::
+	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the Git author,
+	regardless of who invokes 'git p4 submit'.
+
+git-p4.allowMissingP4Users::
+	When 'preserveUser' is true, 'git p4' normally dies if it
+	cannot find an author in the p4 user map.  This setting
+	submits the change regardless.
+
+git-p4.skipSubmitEdit::
+	The submit process invokes the editor before each p4 change
+	is submitted.  If this setting is true, though, the editing
+	step is skipped.
+
+git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck::
+	After editing the p4 change message, 'git p4' makes sure that
+	the description really was changed by looking at the file
+	modification time.  This option disables that test.
+
+git-p4.allowSubmit::
+	By default, any branch can be used as the source for a 'git p4
+	submit' operation.  This configuration variable, if set, permits only
+	the named branches to be used as submit sources.  Branch names
+	must be the short names (no "refs/heads/"), and should be
+	separated by commas (","), with no spaces.
+
+git-p4.skipUserNameCheck::
+	If the user running 'git p4 submit' does not exist in the p4
+	user map, 'git p4' exits.  This option can be used to force
+	submission regardless.
+
+git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup::
+	If enabled, 'git p4 submit' will attempt to cleanup RCS keywords
+	($Header$, etc). These would otherwise cause merge conflicts and prevent
+	the submit going ahead. This option should be considered experimental at
+	present.
+
+git-p4.exportLabels::
+	Export Git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels.
+
+git-p4.labelExportRegexp::
+	Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be exported. The
+	default value is '[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'.
+
+git-p4.conflict::
+	Specify submit behavior when a conflict with p4 is found, as per
+	--conflict.  The default behavior is 'ask'.
+
+IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
+----------------------
+* Changesets from p4 are imported using Git fast-import.
+* Cloning or syncing does not require a p4 client; file contents are
+  collected using 'p4 print'.
+* Submitting requires a p4 client, which is not in the same location
+  as the Git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
+  this p4 client and submitted from there.
+* Each commit imported by 'git p4' has a line at the end of the log
+  message indicating the p4 depot location and change number.  This
+  line is used by later 'git p4 sync' operations to know which p4
+  changes are new.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
index 20c8551d6a..19cdcd0341 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	[--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
 	[--local] [--incremental] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
 	[--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--stdout | base-name]
-	[--keep-true-parents] < object-list
+	[--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] < object-list
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ A pack index file (.idx) is generated for fast, random access to the
 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
-enables git to read from the pack archive.
+enables Git to read from the pack archive.
 
 The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
@@ -50,9 +50,8 @@ base-name::
 	Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
 	<base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
 	When this option is used, the two files are written in
-	<base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA1> is a hash
-	of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
-	based on the pack content, and written to the standard
+	<base-name>-<SHA-1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA-1> is a hash
+	based on the pack content and is written to the standard
 	output of the command.
 
 --stdout::
@@ -65,6 +64,8 @@ base-name::
 	the same way as 'git rev-list' with the `--objects` flag
 	uses its `commit` arguments to build the list of objects it
 	outputs.  The objects on the resulting list are packed.
+	Besides revisions, `--not` or `--shallow <SHA-1>` lines are
+	also accepted.
 
 --unpacked::
 	This implies `--revs`.  When processing the list of
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ base-name::
 --include-tag::
 	Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
 	reference was included in the resulting packfile.  This
-	can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
+	can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients.
 
 --window=<n>::
 --depth=<n>::
@@ -109,7 +110,8 @@ base-name::
 --max-pack-size=<n>::
 	Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
 	"k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
-	If specified,  multiple packfiles may be created.
+	If specified, multiple packfiles may be created, which also
+	prevents the creation of a bitmap index.
 	The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
 	`pack.packSizeLimit` is set.
 
@@ -185,14 +187,19 @@ base-name::
 	option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
 +
 Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
-required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it
+required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it
 self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
 (see linkgit:git-index-pack[1]) to restore the self-contained property.
 
+--shallow::
+	Optimize a pack that will be provided to a client with a shallow
+	repository.  This option, combined with --thin, can result in a
+	smaller pack at the cost of speed.
+
 --delta-base-offset::
 	A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as
 	either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
-	stream, but ancient versions of git don't understand the
+	stream, but ancient versions of Git don't understand the
 	latter.  By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
 	former format for better compatibility.  This option
 	allows the command to use the latter format for
@@ -202,7 +209,7 @@ self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
 +
 Note: Porcelain commands such as `git gc` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]),
 `git repack` (see linkgit:git-repack[1]) pass this option by default
-in modern git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
+in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
 So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
 
 --threads=<n>::
@@ -212,7 +219,7 @@ So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
 	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
 	The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
 	however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
index a3c6677bfa..154081f2de 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
 Traditionally, tips of branches and tags (collectively known as
-'refs') were stored one file per ref under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
+'refs') were stored one file per ref in a (sub)directory
+under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
 directory.  While many branch tips tend to be updated often,
 most tags and some branch tips are never updated.  When a
 repository has hundreds or thousands of tags, this
@@ -22,17 +23,18 @@ one-file-per-ref format both wastes storage and hurts
 performance.
 
 This command is used to solve the storage and performance
-problem by stashing the refs in a single file,
+problem by storing the refs in a single file,
 `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`.  When a ref is missing from the
-traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy, it is looked up in this
+traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy, it is looked
+up in this
 file and used if found.
 
 Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under
-`$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy.
+`$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy.
 
 A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many
-refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and
-occasionally run `git pack-refs \--prune`.  Tags are by
+refs is to pack its refs with `--all` once, and
+occasionally run `git pack-refs`.  Tags are by
 definition stationary and are not expected to change.  Branch
 heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but
 only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked,
@@ -57,6 +59,15 @@ a repository with many branches of historical interests.
 The command usually removes loose refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
 hierarchy after packing them.  This option tells it not to.
 
+
+BUGS
+----
+
+Older documentation written before the packed-refs mechanism was
+introduced may still say things like ".git/refs/heads/<branch> file
+exists" when it means "branch <branch> exists".
+
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
index 90268f02e7..cf71fba1c0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,16 @@ git-patch-id - Compute unique ID for a patch
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git patch-id' < <patch>
+'git patch-id' [--stable | --unstable]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
-whitespace and line numbers ignored.  As such, it's "reasonably stable", but at
-the same time also reasonably unique, i.e., two patches that have the same "patch
-ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
+Read a patch from the standard input and compute the patch ID for it.
+
+A "patch ID" is nothing but a sum of SHA-1 of the file diffs associated with a
+patch, with whitespace and line numbers ignored.  As such, it's "reasonably
+stable", but at the same time also reasonably unique, i.e., two patches that
+have the same "patch ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
 
 IOW, you can use this thing to look for likely duplicate commits.
 
@@ -27,6 +29,33 @@ This can be used to make a mapping from patch ID to commit ID.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+--stable::
+	Use a "stable" sum of hashes as the patch ID. With this option:
+	 - Reordering file diffs that make up a patch does not affect the ID.
+	   In particular, two patches produced by comparing the same two trees
+	   with two different settings for "-O<orderfile>" result in the same
+	   patch ID signature, thereby allowing the computed result to be used
+	   as a key to index some meta-information about the change between
+	   the two trees;
+
+	 - Result is different from the value produced by git 1.9 and older
+	   or produced when an "unstable" hash (see --unstable below) is
+	   configured - even when used on a diff output taken without any use
+	   of "-O<orderfile>", thereby making existing databases storing such
+	   "unstable" or historical patch-ids unusable.
+
+	This is the default if patchid.stable is set to true.
+
+--unstable::
+	Use an "unstable" hash as the patch ID. With this option,
+	the result produced is compatible with the patch-id value produced
+	by git 1.9 and older.  Users with pre-existing databases storing
+	patch-ids produced by git 1.9 and older (who do not deal with reordered
+	patches) may want to use this option.
+
+	This is the default.
+
 <patch>::
 	The diff to create the ID of.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 87ea3fb054..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-git-peek-remote(1)
-==================
-
-NAME
-----
-git-peek-remote - List the references in a remote repository
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git peek-remote' [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [<host>:]<directory>
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-This command is deprecated; use 'git ls-remote' instead.
-
-OPTIONS
--------
---upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>::
-	Use this to specify the path to 'git-upload-pack' on the
-	remote side, if it is not found on your $PATH. Some
-	installations of sshd ignores the user's environment
-	setup scripts for login shells (e.g. .bash_profile) and
-	your privately installed git may not be found on the system
-	default $PATH.  Another workaround suggested is to set
-	up your $PATH in ".bashrc", but this flag is for people
-	who do not want to pay the overhead for non-interactive
-	shells, but prefer having a lean .bashrc file (they set most of
-	the things up in .bash_profile).
-
-<host>::
-	A remote host that houses the repository.  When this
-	part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via
-	ssh.
-
-<directory>::
-	The repository to sync from.
-
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
index 80dc022ede..9fed59a317 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 git-prune-packed(1)
-=====================
+===================
 
 NAME
 ----
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIR` for all objects that currently
+This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY` for all objects that currently
 exist in a pack file as well as the independent object directories.
 
 All such extra objects are removed.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
index 80d01b0571..7a493c80f7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ objects unreachable from any of these head objects from the object database.
 In addition, it
 prunes the unpacked objects that are also found in packs by
 running 'git prune-packed'.
+It also removes entries from .git/shallow that are not reachable by
+any ref.
 
 Note that unreachable, packed objects will remain.  If this is
 not desired, see linkgit:git-repack[1].
@@ -54,12 +56,12 @@ OPTIONS
 EXAMPLE
 -------
 
-To prune objects not used by your repository nor another that
+To prune objects not used by your repository or another that
 borrows from your repository via its
 `.git/objects/info/alternates`:
 
 ------------
-$ git prune $(cd ../another && $(git rev-parse --all))
+$ git prune $(cd ../another && git rev-parse --all)
 ------------
 
 Notes
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
index 0f18ec891a..d033b258e5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-pull(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
+git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
 	  A---B---C master on origin
 	 /
     D---E---F---G master
+	^
+	origin/master in your repository
 ------------
 
 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
 
 ------------
-	  A---B---C remotes/origin/master
+	  A---B---C origin/master
 	 /         \
     D---E---F---G---H master
 ------------
@@ -59,8 +61,8 @@ and a log message from the user describing the changes.
 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
 are presented and handled.
 
-In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
-`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull'
+In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
+`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
@@ -72,9 +74,6 @@ pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
-Options meant for 'git pull' itself and the underlying 'git merge'
-must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
-
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
 	This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
 	be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
 	That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
-	commits, a feature git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
+	commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
 	merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
 	has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
 	merge result.
@@ -97,20 +96,28 @@ must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
 Options related to merging
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-include::merge-options.txt[]
-
 :git-pull: 1
 
---rebase::
-	Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after
-	fetching.  If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to
-	the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last
-	fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing
-	non-local changes.
+include::merge-options.txt[]
+
+-r::
+--rebase[=false|true|preserve|interactive]::
+	When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
+	branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
+	corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
+	was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
+	to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
 +
-See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in
+When set to preserve, rebase with the `--preserve-merges` option passed
+to `git rebase` so that locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
++
+When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
++
+When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase.
++
+See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in
 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
-`{litdd}rebase` instead of merging.
+`--rebase` instead of merging.
 +
 [NOTE]
 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
@@ -121,6 +128,15 @@ unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
 --no-rebase::
 	Override earlier --rebase.
 
+--autostash::
+--no-autostash::
+	Before starting rebase, stash local modifications away (see
+	linkgit:git-stash[1]) if needed, and apply the stash when
+	done. `--no-autostash` is useful to override the `rebase.autoStash`
+	configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
++
+This option is only valid when "--rebase" is used.
+
 Options related to fetching
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -217,7 +233,7 @@ $ git merge origin/next
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 
-If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
+If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
 
 
@@ -227,7 +243,7 @@ Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index aede48877f..19f46b64d3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,12 @@ git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
-	   [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
-	   [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
+'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [--atomic] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
+	   [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-d | --delete] [--prune] [-v | --verbose]
+	   [-u | --set-upstream]
+	   [--[no-]signed|--sign=(true|false|if-asked)]
+	   [--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]]]
+	   [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,6 +26,24 @@ You can make interesting things happen to a repository
 every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there.  See
 documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].
 
+When the command line does not specify where to push with the
+`<repository>` argument, `branch.*.remote` configuration for the
+current branch is consulted to determine where to push.  If the
+configuration is missing, it defaults to 'origin'.
+
+When the command line does not specify what to push with `<refspec>...`
+arguments or `--all`, `--mirror`, `--tags` options, the command finds
+the default `<refspec>` by consulting `remote.*.push` configuration,
+and if it is not found, honors `push.default` configuration to decide
+what to push (See linkgit:git-config[1] for the meaning of `push.default`).
+
+When neither the command-line nor the configuration specify what to
+push, the default behavior is used, which corresponds to the `simple`
+value for `push.default`: the current branch is pushed to the
+corresponding upstream branch, but as a safety measure, the push is
+aborted if the upstream branch does not have the same name as the
+local one.
+
 
 OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
 ------------------
@@ -33,11 +54,10 @@ OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
 	of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
 
 <refspec>...::
+	Specify what destination ref to update with what source object.
 	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
-	`{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+	`+`, followed by the source object <src>, followed
 	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
-	It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
-	in the remote repository is to be updated.
 +
 The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
 it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
@@ -45,14 +65,20 @@ it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
 +
 The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
 push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
-be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
-updated.
+be named.
+If `git push [<repository>]` without any `<refspec>` argument is set to
+update some ref at the destination with `<src>` with
+`remote.<repository>.push` configuration variable, `:<dst>` part can
+be omitted--such a push will update a ref that `<src>` normally updates
+without any `<refspec>` on the command line.  Otherwise, missing
+`:<dst>` means to update the same ref as the `<src>`.
 +
 The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
-on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
-update can fast-forward <dst>.  By having the optional leading `{plus}`,
-you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
-fast-forward.  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
+on the remote side.  By default this is only allowed if <dst> is not
+a tag (annotated or lightweight), and then only if it can fast-forward
+<dst>.  By having the optional leading `+`, you can tell Git to update
+the <dst> ref even if it is not allowed by default (e.g., it is not a
+fast-forward.)  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
 EXAMPLES below for details.
 +
 `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
@@ -60,16 +86,22 @@ EXAMPLES below for details.
 Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
 the remote repository.
 +
-The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
-directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
+The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
+directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
 the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
-already exists on the remote side.  This is the default operation mode
-if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
-nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
+already exists on the remote side.
 
 --all::
-	Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
-	refs under `refs/heads/` be pushed.
+	Push all branches (i.e. refs under `refs/heads/`); cannot be
+	used with other <refspec>.
+
+--prune::
+	Remove remote branches that don't have a local counterpart. For example
+	a remote branch `tmp` will be removed if a local branch with the same
+	name doesn't exist any more. This also respects refspecs, e.g.
+	`git push --prune remote refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*` would
+	make sure that remote `refs/tmp/foo` will be removed if `refs/heads/foo`
+	doesn't exist.
 
 --mirror::
 	Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
@@ -100,6 +132,30 @@ nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
 	addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
 	line.
 
+--follow-tags::
+	Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,
+	and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing
+	from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are
+	reachable from the refs being pushed.  This can also be specified
+	with configuration variable `push.followTags`.  For more
+	information, see `push.followTags` in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+--[no-]signed::
+--sign=(true|false|if-asked)::
+	GPG-sign the push request to update refs on the receiving
+	side, to allow it to be checked by the hooks and/or be
+	logged.  If `false` or `--no-signed`, no signing will be
+	attempted.  If `true` or `--signed`, the push will fail if the
+	server does not support signed pushes.  If set to `if-asked`,
+	sign if and only if the server supports signed pushes.  The push
+	will also fail if the actual call to `gpg --sign` fails.  See
+	linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for the details on the receiving end.
+
+--[no-]atomic::
+	Use an atomic transaction on the remote side if available.
+	Either all refs are updated, or on error, no refs are updated.
+	If the server does not support atomic pushes the push will fail.
+
 --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
 --exec=<git-receive-pack>::
 	Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
@@ -107,40 +163,86 @@ nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
 	repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
 	a directory on the default $PATH.
 
+--[no-]force-with-lease::
+--force-with-lease=<refname>::
+--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>::
+	Usually, "git push" refuses to update a remote ref that is
+	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
++
+This option overrides this restriction if the current value of the
+remote ref is the expected value.  "git push" fails otherwise.
++
+Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published.
+You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to
+replace the history you originally published with the rebased history.
+If somebody else built on top of your original history while you are
+rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with her
+commit, and blindly pushing with `--force` will lose her work.
++
+This option allows you to say that you expect the history you are
+updating is what you rebased and want to replace. If the remote ref
+still points at the commit you specified, you can be sure that no
+other people did anything to the ref. It is like taking a "lease" on
+the ref without explicitly locking it, and the remote ref is updated
+only if the "lease" is still valid.
++
+`--force-with-lease` alone, without specifying the details, will protect
+all remote refs that are going to be updated by requiring their
+current value to be the same as the remote-tracking branch we have
+for them.
++
+`--force-with-lease=<refname>`, without specifying the expected value, will
+protect the named ref (alone), if it is going to be updated, by
+requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking
+branch we have for it.
++
+`--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` will protect the named ref (alone),
+if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be
+the same as the specified value <expect> (which is allowed to be
+different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname,
+or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when
+this form is used).
++
+Note that all forms other than `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`
+that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are
+still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain experience
+with this feature.
++
+"--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous --force-with-lease on the
+command line.
+
 -f::
 --force::
 	Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
 	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
-	This flag disables the check.  This can cause the
-	remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
-
---repo=<repository>::
-	This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
-	passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git push' derives the
-	remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
-	branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
-	the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
-	can be used to override the name "origin". In other words,
-	the difference between these two commands
+	Also, when `--force-with-lease` option is used, the command refuses
+	to update a remote ref whose current value does not match
+	what is expected.
 +
---------------------------
-git push public         #1
-git push --repo=public  #2
---------------------------
+This flag disables these checks, and can cause the remote repository
+to lose commits; use it with care.
 +
-is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
-only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
-useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
+Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence
+using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with multiple push
+destinations configured with `remote.*.push` may overwrite refs
+other than the current branch (including local refs that are
+strictly behind their remote counterpart).  To force a push to only
+one branch, use a `+` in front of the refspec to push (e.g `git push
+origin +master` to force a push to the `master` branch). See the
+`<refspec>...` section above for details.
+
+--repo=<repository>::
+	This option is equivalent to the <repository> argument. If both
+	are specified, the command-line argument takes precedence.
 
 -u::
 --set-upstream::
 	For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add
 	upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
 	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
-	see 'branch.<name>.merge' in linkgit:git-config[1].
+	see `branch.<name>.merge` in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
---thin::
---no-thin::
+--[no-]thin::
 	These options are passed to linkgit:git-send-pack[1]. A thin transfer
 	significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
 	receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
@@ -162,11 +264,33 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
 	is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
 	standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
 
---recurse-submodules=check::
-	Check whether all submodule commits used by the revisions to be
-	pushed are available on a remote tracking branch. Otherwise the
-	push will be aborted and the command will exit with non-zero status.
-
+--no-recurse-submodules::
+--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand|no::
+	May be used to make sure all submodule commits used by the
+	revisions to be pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch.
+	If 'check' is used Git will verify that all submodule commits that
+	changed in the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one
+	remote of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will
+	be aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'on-demand' is used
+	all submodules that changed in the revisions to be pushed will be
+	pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary revisions
+	it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status. A value of
+	'no' or using '--no-recurse-submodules' can be used to override the
+	push.recurseSubmodules configuration variable when no submodule
+	recursion is required.
+
+--[no-]verify::
+	Toggle the pre-push hook (see linkgit:githooks[5]).  The
+	default is --verify, giving the hook a chance to prevent the
+	push.  With --no-verify, the hook is bypassed completely.
+
+-4::
+--ipv4::
+	Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.
+
+-6::
+--ipv6::
+	Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.
 
 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
 
@@ -174,7 +298,7 @@ OUTPUT
 ------
 
 The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
-section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
+section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either
 locally or via ssh).
 
 The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
@@ -196,7 +320,7 @@ option is used.
 flag::
 	A single character indicating the status of the ref:
 (space);; for a successfully pushed fast-forward;
-`{plus}`;; for a successful forced update;
+`+`;; for a successful forced update;
 `-`;; for a successfully deleted ref;
 `*`;; for a successfully pushed new ref;
 `!`;; for a ref that was rejected or failed to push; and
@@ -206,7 +330,7 @@ summary::
 	For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
 	values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
 	`git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and
-	`<old>\...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates).
+	`<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates).
 +
 For a failed update, more details are given:
 +
@@ -269,7 +393,8 @@ leading to commit A.  The history looks like this:
 ----------------
 
 Further suppose that the other person already pushed changes leading to A
-back to the original repository you two obtained the original commit X.
+back to the original repository from which you two obtained the original
+commit X.
 
 The push done by the other person updated the branch that used to point at
 commit X to point at commit A.  It is a fast-forward.
@@ -282,7 +407,7 @@ will now start building on top of B.
 The command by default does not allow an update that is not a fast-forward
 to prevent such loss of history.
 
-If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) nor the work by
+If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) or the work by
 the other person (history from X to A), you would need to first fetch the
 history from the repository, create a history that contains changes done
 by both parties, and push the result back.
@@ -339,11 +464,14 @@ Examples
 	configured for the current branch).
 
 `git push origin`::
-	Without additional configuration, works like
-	`git push origin :`.
+	Without additional configuration, pushes the current branch to
+	the configured upstream (`remote.origin.merge` configuration
+	variable) if it has the same name as the current branch, and
+	errors out without pushing otherwise.
 +
 The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be
-configured by setting the `push` option of the remote.
+configured by setting the `push` option of the remote, or the `push.default`
+configuration variable.
 +
 For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin`
 use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`.  Any valid <refspec> (like
@@ -366,11 +494,23 @@ the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
 	A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
 	remote.
 
-`git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev`::
+`git push mothership master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev`::
 	Use the source ref that matches `master` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
 	to update the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most probably
-	`refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `origin` repository, then
+	`refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `mothership` repository;
 	do the same for `dev` and `satellite/dev`.
++
+This is to emulate `git fetch` run on the `mothership` using `git
+push` that is run in the opposite direction in order to integrate
+the work done on `satellite`, and is often necessary when you can
+only make connection in one way (i.e. satellite can ssh into
+mothership but mothership cannot initiate connection to satellite
+because the latter is behind a firewall or does not run sshd).
++
+After running this `git push` on the `satellite` machine, you would
+ssh into the `mothership` and run `git merge` there to complete the
+emulation of `git pull` that were run on `mothership` to pull changes
+made on `satellite`.
 
 `git push origin HEAD:master`::
 	Push the current branch to the remote ref matching `master` in the
@@ -388,7 +528,7 @@ the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
 	Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository
 	(e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it.
 
-`git push origin {plus}dev:master`::
+`git push origin +dev:master`::
 	Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch,
 	allowing non-fast-forward updates.  *This can leave unreferenced
 	commits dangling in the origin repository.*  Consider the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
index 7f112f3dcd..8cf952b4de 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 git-quiltimport(1)
-================
+==================
 
 NAME
 ----
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git quiltimport' [--dry-run | -n] [--author <author>] [--patches <dir>]
+		[--series <file>]
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Applies a quilt patchset onto the current git branch, preserving
+Applies a quilt patchset onto the current Git branch, preserving
 the patch boundaries, patch order, and patch descriptions present
 in the quilt patchset.
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ the patch description is displayed and the user is asked to
 interactively enter the author of the patch.
 
 If a subject is not found in the patch description the patch name is
-preserved as the 1 line subject in the git description.
+preserved as the 1 line subject in the Git description.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -42,11 +43,17 @@ OPTIONS
 	information can be found in the patch description.
 
 --patches <dir>::
-	The directory to find the quilt patches and the
-	quilt series file.
+	The directory to find the quilt patches.
 +
 The default for the patch directory is patches
-or the value of the $QUILT_PATCHES environment
+or the value of the `$QUILT_PATCHES` environment
+variable.
+
+--series <file>::
+	The quilt series file.
++
+The default for the series file is <patches>/series
+or the value of the `$QUILT_SERIES` environment
 variable.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
index 5375549820..fa1d557e5b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -n::
 --dry-run::
 	Check if the command would error out, without updating the index
-	nor the files in the working tree for real.
+	or the files in the working tree for real.
 
 -v::
 	Show the progress of checking files out.
@@ -83,11 +83,10 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --prefix=<prefix>/::
 	Keep the current index contents, and read the contents
-	of the named tree-ish under the directory at `<prefix>`. The
-	original index file cannot have anything at the path
-	`<prefix>` itself, nor anything in the `<prefix>/`
-	directory.  Note that the `<prefix>/` value must end
-	with a slash.
+	of the named tree-ish under the directory at `<prefix>`.
+	The command will refuse to overwrite entries that already
+	existed in the original index file. Note that the `<prefix>/`
+	value must end with a slash.
 
 --exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>::
 	When running the command with `-u` and `-m` options, the
@@ -284,7 +283,7 @@ merge. The different stages represent the "result tree" (stage 0, aka
 you are trying to merge (stage 2 and 3 respectively).
 
 The order of stages 1, 2 and 3 (hence the order of three
-<tree-ish> command line arguments) are significant when you
+<tree-ish> command-line arguments) are significant when you
 start a 3-way merge with an index file that is already
 populated.  Here is an outline of how the algorithm works:
 
@@ -342,7 +341,7 @@ since you pulled from him:
 
 ----------------
 $ git fetch git://.... linus
-$ LT=`cat .git/FETCH_HEAD`
+$ LT=`git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD`
 ----------------
 
 Your work tree is still based on your HEAD ($JC), but you have
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index 504945c691..0387b40e0a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ git-rebase(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-rebase - Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head
+git-rebase - Reapply commits on top of another base tip
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--onto <newbase>]
-	[<upstream>] [<branch>]
-'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] --onto <newbase>
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
+	[<upstream> [<branch>]]
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
 	--root [<branch>]
-'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort
+'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort | --edit-todo
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -21,15 +21,17 @@ If <branch> is specified, 'git rebase' will perform an automatic
 it remains on the current branch.
 
 If <upstream> is not specified, the upstream configured in
-branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options will be used; see
-linkgit:git-config[1] for details.  If you are currently not on any
-branch or if the current branch does not have a configured upstream,
-the rebase will abort.
+branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options will be used (see
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details) and the `--fork-point` option is
+assumed.  If you are currently not on any branch or if the current
+branch does not have a configured upstream, the rebase will abort.
 
 All changes made by commits in the current branch but that are not
 in <upstream> are saved to a temporary area.  This is the same set
-of commits that would be shown by `git log <upstream>..HEAD` (or
-`git log HEAD`, if --root is specified).
+of commits that would be shown by `git log <upstream>..HEAD`; or by
+`git log 'fork_point'..HEAD`, if `--fork-point` is active (see the
+description on `--fork-point` below); or by `git log HEAD`, if the
+`--root` option is specified.
 
 The current branch is reset to <upstream>, or <newbase> if the
 --onto option was supplied.  This has the exact same effect as
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ remain the checked-out branch.
 If the upstream branch already contains a change you have made (e.g.,
 because you mailed a patch which was applied upstream), then that commit
 will be skipped. For example, running `git rebase master` on the
-following history (in which A' and A introduce the same set of changes,
+following history (in which `A'` and `A` introduce the same set of changes,
 but have different committer information):
 
 ------------
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ parameter can be any valid commit-ish.
 In case of conflict, 'git rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit
 and leave conflict markers in the tree.  You can use 'git diff' to locate
 the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict.  For each
-file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved,
+file you edit, you need to tell Git that the conflict has been resolved,
 typically this would be done with
 
 
@@ -205,12 +207,24 @@ rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.
 
-rebase.autosquash::
+rebase.autoSquash::
 	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
 
+rebase.autoStash::
+	If set to true enable '--autostash' option by default.
+
+rebase.missingCommitsCheck::
+	If set to "warn", print warnings about removed commits in
+	interactive mode. If set to "error", print the warnings and
+	stop the rebase. If set to "ignore", no checking is
+	done. "ignore" by default.
+
+rebase.instructionFormat::
+	Custom commit list format to use during an '--interactive' rebase.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<newbase>::
+--onto <newbase>::
 	Starting point at which to create the new commits. If the
 	--onto option is not specified, the starting point is
 	<upstream>.  May be any valid commit, and not just an
@@ -238,9 +252,16 @@ leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD.
 	will be reset to where it was when the rebase operation was
 	started.
 
+--keep-empty::
+	Keep the commits that do not change anything from its
+	parents in the result.
+
 --skip::
 	Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch.
 
+--edit-todo::
+	Edit the todo list during an interactive rebase.
+
 -m::
 --merge::
 	Use merging strategies to rebase.  When the recursive (default) merge
@@ -267,9 +288,15 @@ which makes little sense.
 -X <strategy-option>::
 --strategy-option=<strategy-option>::
 	Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy.
-	This implies `\--merge` and, if no strategy has been
+	This implies `--merge` and, if no strategy has been
 	specified, `-s recursive`.  Note the reversal of 'ours' and
-	'theirs' as noted in above for the `-m` option.
+	'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option.
+
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
+	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
+	stuck to the option without a space.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -302,17 +329,29 @@ which makes little sense.
 
 -f::
 --force-rebase::
-	Force the rebase even if the current branch is a descendant
-	of the commit you are rebasing onto.  Normally non-interactive rebase will
-	exit with the message "Current branch is up to date" in such a
-	situation.
-	Incompatible with the --interactive option.
+	Force a rebase even if the current branch is up-to-date and
+	the command without `--force` would return without doing anything.
 +
 You may find this (or --no-ff with an interactive rebase) helpful after
 reverting a topic branch merge, as this option recreates the topic branch with
 fresh commits so it can be remerged successfully without needing to "revert
 the reversion" (see the
-link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+
+--fork-point::
+--no-fork-point::
+	Use reflog to find a better common ancestor between <upstream>
+	and <branch> when calculating which commits have been
+	introduced by <branch>.
++
+When --fork-point is active, 'fork_point' will be used instead of
+<upstream> to calculate the set of commits to rebase, where
+'fork_point' is the result of `git merge-base --fork-point <upstream>
+<branch>` command (see linkgit:git-merge-base[1]).  If 'fork_point'
+ends up being empty, the <upstream> will be used as a fallback.
++
+If either <upstream> or --root is given on the command line, then the
+default is `--no-fork-point`, otherwise the default is `--fork-point`.
 
 --ignore-whitespace::
 --whitespace=<option>::
@@ -331,23 +370,51 @@ link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
 	Make a list of the commits which are about to be rebased.  Let the
 	user edit that list before rebasing.  This mode can also be used to
 	split commits (see SPLITTING COMMITS below).
++
+The commit list format can be changed by setting the configuration option
+rebase.instructionFormat.  A customized instruction format will automatically
+have the long commit hash prepended to the format.
 
 -p::
 --preserve-merges::
-	Instead of ignoring merges, try to recreate them.
+	Recreate merge commits instead of flattening the history by replaying
+	commits a merge commit introduces. Merge conflict resolutions or manual
+	amendments to merge commits are not preserved.
 +
 This uses the `--interactive` machinery internally, but combining it
 with the `--interactive` option explicitly is generally not a good
 idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below).
 
+-x <cmd>::
+--exec <cmd>::
+	Append "exec <cmd>" after each line creating a commit in the
+	final history. <cmd> will be interpreted as one or more shell
+	commands.
++
+You may execute several commands by either using one instance of `--exec`
+with several commands:
++
+	git rebase -i --exec "cmd1 && cmd2 && ..."
++
+or by giving more than one `--exec`:
++
+	git rebase -i --exec "cmd1" --exec "cmd2" --exec ...
++
+If `--autosquash` is used, "exec" lines will not be appended for
+the intermediate commits, and will only appear at the end of each
+squash/fixup series.
++
+This uses the `--interactive` machinery internally, but it can be run
+without an explicit `--interactive`.
 
 --root::
 	Rebase all commits reachable from <branch>, instead of
 	limiting them with an <upstream>.  This allows you to rebase
-	the root commit(s) on a branch.  Must be used with --onto, and
+	the root commit(s) on a branch.  When used with --onto, it
 	will skip changes already contained in <newbase> (instead of
-	<upstream>).  When used together with --preserve-merges, 'all'
-	root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent
+	<upstream>) whereas without --onto it will operate on every change.
+	When used together with both --onto and --preserve-merges,
+	'all' root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent
 	instead.
 
 --autosquash::
@@ -357,14 +424,24 @@ idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below).
 	the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i
 	so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after the
 	commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved
-	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).
+	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).  Ignores subsequent
+	"fixup! " or "squash! " after the first, in case you referred to an
+	earlier fixup/squash with `git commit --fixup/--squash`.
 +
 This option is only valid when the '--interactive' option is used.
 +
 If the '--autosquash' option is enabled by default using the
-configuration variable `rebase.autosquash`, this option can be
+configuration variable `rebase.autoSquash`, this option can be
 used to override and disable this setting.
 
+--autostash::
+--no-autostash::
+	Automatically create a temporary stash before the operation
+	begins, and apply it after the operation ends.  This means
+	that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.  However, use
+	with care: the final stash application after a successful
+	rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+
 --no-ff::
 	With --interactive, cherry-pick all rebased commits instead of
 	fast-forwarding over the unchanged ones.  This ensures that the
@@ -375,7 +452,7 @@ Without --interactive, this is a synonym for --force-rebase.
 You may find this helpful after reverting a topic branch merge, as this option
 recreates the topic branch with fresh commits so it can be remerged
 successfully without needing to "revert the reversion" (see the
-link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
 
 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
 
@@ -409,10 +486,13 @@ The interactive mode is meant for this type of workflow:
 
 where point 2. consists of several instances of
 
-a. regular use
+a) regular use
+
  1. finish something worthy of a commit
  2. commit
-b. independent fixup
+
+b) independent fixup
+
  1. realize that something does not work
  2. fix that
  3. commit it
@@ -450,6 +530,9 @@ rebasing.
 If you just want to edit the commit message for a commit, replace the
 command "pick" with the command "reword".
 
+To drop a commit, replace the command "pick" with "drop", or just
+delete the matching line.
+
 If you want to fold two or more commits into one, replace the command
 "pick" for the second and subsequent commits with "squash" or "fixup".
 If the commits had different authors, the folded commit will be
@@ -514,6 +597,24 @@ in `$SHELL`, or the default shell if `$SHELL` is not set), so you can
 use shell features (like "cd", ">", ";" ...). The command is run from
 the root of the working tree.
 
+----------------------------------
+$ git rebase -i --exec "make test"
+----------------------------------
+
+This command lets you check that intermediate commits are compilable.
+The todo list becomes like that:
+
+--------------------
+pick 5928aea one
+exec make test
+pick 04d0fda two
+exec make test
+pick ba46169 three
+exec make test
+pick f4593f9 four
+exec make test
+--------------------
+
 SPLITTING COMMITS
 -----------------
 
@@ -608,8 +709,8 @@ Easy case: The changes are literally the same.::
 Hard case: The changes are not the same.::
 
 	This happens if the 'subsystem' rebase had conflicts, or used
-	`\--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or
-	if the upstream used one of `commit \--amend`, `reset`, or
+	`--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or
+	if the upstream used one of `commit --amend`, `reset`, or
 	`filter-branch`.
 
 
@@ -645,7 +746,7 @@ correspond to the ones before the rebase.
 NOTE: While an "easy case recovery" sometimes appears to be successful
       even in the hard case, it may have unintended consequences.  For
       example, a commit that was removed via `git rebase
-      \--interactive` will be **resurrected**!
+      --interactive` will be **resurrected**!
 
 The idea is to manually tell 'git rebase' "where the old 'subsystem'
 ended and your 'topic' began", that is, what the old merge-base
@@ -653,7 +754,7 @@ between them was.  You will have to find a way to name the last commit
 of the old 'subsystem', for example:
 
 * With the 'subsystem' reflog: after 'git fetch', the old tip of
-  'subsystem' is at `subsystem@\{1}`.  Subsequent fetches will
+  'subsystem' is at `subsystem@{1}`.  Subsequent fetches will
   increase the number.  (See linkgit:git-reflog[1].)
 
 * Relative to the tip of 'topic': knowing that your 'topic' has three
diff --git a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
index b1f7dc643a..000ee8dba2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
@@ -53,6 +53,56 @@ the update.  Refs to be created will have sha1-old equal to 0\{40},
 while refs to be deleted will have sha1-new equal to 0\{40}, otherwise
 sha1-old and sha1-new should be valid objects in the repository.
 
+When accepting a signed push (see linkgit:git-push[1]), the signed
+push certificate is stored in a blob and an environment variable
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT` can be consulted for its object name.  See the
+description of `post-receive` hook for an example.  In addition, the
+certificate is verified using GPG and the result is exported with
+the following environment variables:
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER`::
+	The name and the e-mail address of the owner of the key that
+	signed the push certificate.
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY`::
+	The GPG key ID of the key that signed the push certificate.
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS`::
+	The status of GPG verification of the push certificate,
+	using the same mnemonic as used in `%G?` format of `git log`
+	family of commands (see linkgit:git-log[1]).
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE`::
+	The nonce string the process asked the signer to include
+	in the push certificate.  If this does not match the value
+	recorded on the "nonce" header in the push certificate, it
+	may indicate that the certificate is a valid one that is
+	being replayed from a separate "git push" session.
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS`::
+`UNSOLICITED`;;
+	"git push --signed" sent a nonce when we did not ask it to
+	send one.
+`MISSING`;;
+	"git push --signed" did not send any nonce header.
+`BAD`;;
+	"git push --signed" sent a bogus nonce.
+`OK`;;
+	"git push --signed" sent the nonce we asked it to send.
+`SLOP`;;
+	"git push --signed" sent a nonce different from what we
+	asked it to send now, but in a previous session.  See
+	`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP` environment variable.
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP`::
+	"git push --signed" sent a nonce different from what we
+	asked it to send now, but in a different session whose
+	starting time is different by this many seconds from the
+	current session.  Only meaningful when
+	`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS` says `SLOP`.
+	Also read about `receive.certNonceSlop` variable in
+	linkgit:git-config[1].
+
 This hook is called before any refname is updated and before any
 fast-forward checks are performed.
 
@@ -101,9 +151,14 @@ the update.  Refs that were created will have sha1-old equal to
 0\{40}, otherwise sha1-old and sha1-new should be valid objects in
 the repository.
 
+The `GIT_PUSH_CERT*` environment variables can be inspected, just as
+in `pre-receive` hook, after accepting a signed push.
+
 Using this hook, it is easy to generate mails describing the updates
 to the repository.  This example script sends one mail message per
-ref listing the commits pushed to the repository:
+ref listing the commits pushed to the repository, and logs the push
+certificates of signed pushes with good signatures to a logger
+service:
 
 	#!/bin/sh
 	# mail out commit update information.
@@ -119,6 +174,14 @@ ref listing the commits pushed to the repository:
 		fi |
 		mail -s "Changes to ref $ref" commit-list@mydomain
 	done
+	# log signed push certificate, if any
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}" && test ${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS} = G
+	then
+		(
+			echo expected nonce is ${GIT_PUSH_NONCE}
+			git cat-file blob ${GIT_PUSH_CERT}
+		) | mail -s "push certificate from $GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER" push-log@mydomain
+	fi
 	exit 0
 
 The exit code from this hook invocation is ignored, however a
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
index 976dc14937..44c736f1a8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
@@ -17,80 +17,117 @@ The command takes various subcommands, and different options
 depending on the subcommand:
 
 [verse]
-'git reflog expire' [--dry-run] [--stale-fix] [--verbose]
-	[--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--all] <refs>...
-'git reflog delete' ref@\{specifier\}...
 'git reflog' ['show'] [log-options] [<ref>]
+'git reflog expire' [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>]
+	[--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix]
+	[--dry-run] [--verbose] [--all | <refs>...]
+'git reflog delete' [--rewrite] [--updateref]
+	[--dry-run] [--verbose] ref@\{specifier\}...
+'git reflog exists' <ref>
+
+Reference logs, or "reflogs", record when the tips of branches and
+other references were updated in the local repository. Reflogs are
+useful in various Git commands, to specify the old value of a
+reference. For example, `HEAD@{2}` means "where HEAD used to be two
+moves ago", `master@{one.week.ago}` means "where master used to point
+to one week ago in this local repository", and so on. See
+linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for more details.
+
+This command manages the information recorded in the reflogs.
+
+The "show" subcommand (which is also the default, in the absence of
+any subcommands) shows the log of the reference provided in the
+command-line (or `HEAD`, by default). The reflog covers all recent
+actions, and in addition the `HEAD` reflog records branch switching.
+`git reflog show` is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit
+--pretty=oneline`; see linkgit:git-log[1] for more information.
+
+The "expire" subcommand prunes older reflog entries. Entries older
+than `expire` time, or entries older than `expire-unreachable` time
+and not reachable from the current tip, are removed from the reflog.
+This is typically not used directly by end users -- instead, see
+linkgit:git-gc[1].
+
+The "delete" subcommand deletes single entries from the reflog. Its
+argument must be an _exact_ entry (e.g. "`git reflog delete
+master@{2}`"). This subcommand is also typically not used directly by
+end users.
+
+The "exists" subcommand checks whether a ref has a reflog.  It exits
+with zero status if the reflog exists, and non-zero status if it does
+not.
 
-Reflog is a mechanism to record when the tip of branches are
-updated.  This command is to manage the information recorded in it.
-
-The subcommand "expire" is used to prune older reflog entries.
-Entries older than `expire` time, or entries older than
-`expire-unreachable` time and not reachable from the current
-tip, are removed from the reflog.  This is typically not used
-directly by the end users -- instead, see linkgit:git-gc[1].
-
-The subcommand "show" (which is also the default, in the absence of any
-subcommands) will take all the normal log options, and show the log of
-the reference provided in the command-line (or `HEAD`, by default).
-The reflog will cover all recent actions (HEAD reflog records branch switching
-as well).  It is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline`;
-see linkgit:git-log[1].
+OPTIONS
+-------
 
-The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value
-of a reference. For example, `HEAD@\{2\}` means "where HEAD used to be
-two moves ago", `master@\{one.week.ago\}` means "where master used to
-point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for
-more details.
+Options for `show`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-To delete single entries from the reflog, use the subcommand "delete"
-and specify the _exact_ entry (e.g. "`git reflog delete master@\{2\}`").
+`git reflog show` accepts any of the options accepted by `git log`.
 
 
-OPTIONS
--------
+Options for `expire`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---stale-fix::
-	This revamps the logic -- the definition of "broken commit"
-	becomes: a commit that is not reachable from any of the refs and
-	there is a missing object among the commit, tree, or blob
-	objects reachable from it that is not reachable from any of the
-	refs.
-+
-This computation involves traversing all the reachable objects, i.e. it
-has the same cost as 'git prune'.  Fortunately, once this is run, we
-should not have to ever worry about missing objects, because the current
-prune and pack-objects know about reflogs and protect objects referred by
-them.
+--all::
+	Process the reflogs of all references.
 
 --expire=<time>::
-	Entries older than this time are pruned.  Without the
-	option it is taken from configuration `gc.reflogExpire`,
-	which in turn defaults to 90 days.
+	Prune entries older than the specified time. If this option is
+	not specified, the expiration time is taken from the
+	configuration setting `gc.reflogExpire`, which in turn
+	defaults to 90 days. `--expire=all` prunes entries regardless
+	of their age; `--expire=never` turns off pruning of reachable
+	entries (but see `--expire-unreachable`).
 
 --expire-unreachable=<time>::
-	Entries older than this time and not reachable from
-	the current tip of the branch are pruned.  Without the
-	option it is taken from configuration
-	`gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`, which in turn defaults to
-	30 days.
-
---all::
-	Instead of listing <refs> explicitly, prune all refs.
+	Prune entries older than `<time>` that are not reachable from
+	the current tip of the branch. If this option is not
+	specified, the expiration time is taken from the configuration
+	setting `gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`, which in turn defaults
+	to 30 days. `--expire-unreachable=all` prunes unreachable
+	entries regardless of their age; `--expire-unreachable=never`
+	turns off early pruning of unreachable entries (but see
+	`--expire`).
 
 --updateref::
-	Update the ref with the sha1 of the top reflog entry (i.e.
-	<ref>@\{0\}) after expiring or deleting.
+	Update the reference to the value of the top reflog entry (i.e.
+	<ref>@\{0\}) if the previous top entry was pruned.  (This
+	option is ignored for symbolic references.)
 
 --rewrite::
-	While expiring or deleting, adjust each reflog entry to ensure
-	that the `old` sha1 field points to the `new` sha1 field of the
-	previous entry.
+	If a reflog entry's predecessor is pruned, adjust its "old"
+	SHA-1 to be equal to the "new" SHA-1 field of the entry that
+	now precedes it.
+
+--stale-fix::
+	Prune any reflog entries that point to "broken commits". A
+	broken commit is a commit that is not reachable from any of
+	the reference tips and that refers, directly or indirectly, to
+	a missing commit, tree, or blob object.
++
+This computation involves traversing all the reachable objects, i.e. it
+has the same cost as 'git prune'.  It is primarily intended to fix
+corruption caused by garbage collecting using older versions of Git,
+which didn't protect objects referred to by reflogs.
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Do not actually prune any entries; just show what would have
+	been pruned.
 
 --verbose::
 	Print extra information on screen.
 
+
+Options for `delete`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`git reflog delete` accepts options `--updateref`, `--rewrite`, `-n`,
+`--dry-run`, and `--verbose`, with the same meanings as when they are
+used with `expire`.
+
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
index 8a8e1d775d..b25d0b5996 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ git remote add <nick> "ext::<command>[ <arguments>...]"
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This remote helper uses the specified '<command>' to connect
-to a remote git server.
+to a remote Git server.
 
 Data written to stdin of the specified '<command>' is assumed
 to be sent to a git:// server, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ The following sequences have a special meaning:
 
 '%s'::
 	Replaced with name (receive-pack, upload-pack, or
-	upload-archive) of the service git wants to invoke.
+	upload-archive) of the service Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%S'::
 	Replaced with long name (git-receive-pack,
 	git-upload-pack, or git-upload-archive) of the service
-	git wants to invoke.
+	Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%G' (must be the first characters in an argument)::
 	This argument will not be passed to '<command>'. Instead, it
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX::
 
 EXAMPLES:
 ---------
-This remote helper is transparently used by git when
+This remote helper is transparently used by Git when
 you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>",
 , "git push <URL>" or "git remote add <nick> <URL>", where <URL>
 begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 	edit .ssh/config.
 
 "ext::socat -t3600 - ABSTRACT-CONNECT:/git-server %G/somerepo"::
-	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessable over
+	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessible over
 	git protocol at abstract namespace address /git-server.
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo"::
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 	Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the
 	helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for the
 	remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo% with% spaces %Vfoo"::
 	Represents a repository with path '/repo with spaces' accessed
 	using the helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for
 	the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-ssl foo.example /bar"::
@@ -116,10 +116,9 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 	determined by the helper using environment variables (see
 	above).
 
-Documentation
---------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the git list
-<git@vger.kernel.org>
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
index f095d57d09..e700bafa47 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote git server.
+This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote Git server.
 This is not meant for end users but for programs and scripts calling git
 fetch, push or archive.
 
 If only <infd> is given, it is assumed to be a bidirectional socket connected
-to remote git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
+to remote Git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
 git-upload-achive). If both <infd> and <outfd> are given, they are assumed
-to be pipes connected to a remote git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
+to be pipes connected to a remote Git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
 and <outfd> being the outbound pipe.
 
 It is assumed that any handshaking procedures have already been completed
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ EXAMPLES
 `git push fd::7,8/bar master`::
 	Same as above.
 
-Documentation
---------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49233f5d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+git-remote-helpers
+==================
+
+This document has been moved to linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1].
+
+Please let the owners of the referring site know so that they can update the
+link you clicked to get here.
+
+Thanks.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
index 2a67d456a3..f791d73c05 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ testcase for the remote-helper functionality, and as an example to
 show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
 
 The best way to learn more is to read the comments and source code in
-'git-remote-testgit.py'.
+'git-remote-testgit'.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1]
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
index 5a8c5061f3..1d7eceaa93 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
 git-remote(1)
-============
+=============
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-remote - manage set of tracked repositories
+git-remote - Manage set of tracked repositories
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose]
-'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
+'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--[no-]tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
 'git remote rename' <old> <new>
-'git remote rm' <name>
-'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)
-'git remote set-branches' <name> [--add] <branch>...
+'git remote remove' <name>
+'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)
+'git remote set-branches' [--add] <name> <branch>...
+'git remote get-url' [--push] [--all] <name>
 'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]
 'git remote set-url --add' [--push] <name> <newurl>
 'git remote set-url --delete' [--push] <name> <url>
-'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>
-'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>
+'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>...
+'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>...
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'update' [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -58,6 +59,9 @@ remote repository.
 With `--no-tags` option, `git fetch <name>` does not import tags from
 the remote repository.
 +
+By default, only tags on fetched branches are imported
+(see linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
++
 With `-t <branch>` option, instead of the default glob
 refspec for the remote to track all branches under
 the `refs/remotes/<name>/` namespace, a refspec to track only `<branch>`
@@ -67,14 +71,14 @@ multiple branches without grabbing all branches.
 With `-m <master>` option, a symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set
 up to point at remote's `<master>` branch. See also the set-head command.
 +
-When a fetch mirror is created with `\--mirror=fetch`, the refs will not
+When a fetch mirror is created with `--mirror=fetch`, the refs will not
 be stored in the 'refs/remotes/' namespace, but rather everything in
 'refs/' on the remote will be directly mirrored into 'refs/' in the
 local repository. This option only makes sense in bare repositories,
 because a fetch would overwrite any local commits.
 +
-When a push mirror is created with `\--mirror=push`, then `git push`
-will always behave as if `\--mirror` was passed.
+When a push mirror is created with `--mirror=push`, then `git push`
+will always behave as if `--mirror` was passed.
 
 'rename'::
 
@@ -85,6 +89,7 @@ In case <old> and <new> are the same, and <old> is a file under
 `$GIT_DIR/remotes` or `$GIT_DIR/branches`, the remote is converted to
 the configuration file format.
 
+'remove'::
 'rm'::
 
 Remove the remote named <name>. All remote-tracking branches and
@@ -100,9 +105,9 @@ branch. For example, if the default branch for `origin` is set to
 `master`, then `origin` may be specified wherever you would normally
 specify `origin/master`.
 +
-With `-d`, the symbolic ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted.
+With `-d` or `--delete`, the symbolic ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted.
 +
-With `-a`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then the
+With `-a` or `--auto`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then the
 symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set to the same branch. e.g., if the remote
 `HEAD` is pointed at `next`, "`git remote set-head origin -a`" will set
 the symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to `refs/remotes/origin/next`. This will
@@ -127,19 +132,36 @@ The named branches will be interpreted as if specified with the
 With `--add`, instead of replacing the list of currently tracked
 branches, adds to that list.
 
+'get-url'::
+
+Retrieves the URLs for a remote. Configurations for `insteadOf` and
+`pushInsteadOf` are expanded here. By default, only the first URL is listed.
++
+With '--push', push URLs are queried rather than fetch URLs.
++
+With '--all', all URLs for the remote will be listed.
+
 'set-url'::
 
-Changes URL remote points to. Sets first URL remote points to matching
+Changes URLs for the remote. Sets first URL for remote <name> that matches
 regex <oldurl> (first URL if no <oldurl> is given) to <newurl>. If
-<oldurl> doesn't match any URL, error occurs and nothing is changed.
+<oldurl> doesn't match any URL, an error occurs and nothing is changed.
 +
 With '--push', push URLs are manipulated instead of fetch URLs.
 +
-With '--add', instead of changing some URL, new URL is added.
+With '--add', instead of changing existing URLs, new URL is added.
++
+With '--delete', instead of changing existing URLs, all URLs matching
+regex <url> are deleted for remote <name>.  Trying to delete all
+non-push URLs is an error.
 +
-With '--delete', instead of changing some URL, all URLs matching
-regex <url> are deleted. Trying to delete all non-push URLs is an
-error.
+Note that the push URL and the fetch URL, even though they can
+be set differently, must still refer to the same place.  What you
+pushed to the push URL should be what you would see if you
+immediately fetched from the fetch URL.  If you are trying to
+fetch from one place (e.g. your upstream) and push to another (e.g.
+your publishing repository), use two separate remotes.
+
 
 'show'::
 
@@ -186,18 +208,25 @@ Examples
 $ git remote
 origin
 $ git branch -r
-origin/master
-$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/linux/nfs-2.6.git
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git
 $ git remote
-linux-nfs
 origin
-$ git fetch
-* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
-  commit: bf81b46
+staging
+$ git fetch staging
+...
+From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
+ * [new branch]      master     -> staging/master
+ * [new branch]      staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus
+ * [new branch]      staging-next -> staging/staging-next
 $ git branch -r
-origin/master
-linux-nfs/master
-$ git checkout -b nfs linux-nfs/master
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  staging/master
+  staging/staging-linus
+  staging/staging-next
+$ git checkout -b staging staging/master
 ...
 ------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt
index 40af321153..b58b6b5972 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-repack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ git-repack - Pack unpacked objects in a repository
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
+'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This script is used to combine all objects that do not currently
+This command is used to combine all objects that do not currently
 reside in a "pack", into a pack.  It can also be used to re-organize
 existing packs into a single, more efficient pack.
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Especially useful when packing a repository that is used
 	for private development. Use
 	with '-d'.  This will clean up the objects that `git prune`
-	leaves behind, but `git fsck --full` shows as
+	leaves behind, but `git fsck --full --dangling` shows as
 	dangling.
 +
 Note that users fetching over dumb protocols will have to fetch the
@@ -106,10 +106,40 @@ other objects in that pack they already have locally.
 --max-pack-size=<n>::
 	Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
 	"k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
-	If specified,  multiple packfiles may be created.
+	If specified, multiple packfiles may be created, which also
+	prevents the creation of a bitmap index.
 	The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
 	`pack.packSizeLimit` is set.
 
+-b::
+--write-bitmap-index::
+	Write a reachability bitmap index as part of the repack. This
+	only makes sense when used with `-a` or `-A`, as the bitmaps
+	must be able to refer to all reachable objects. This option
+	overrides the setting of `repack.writeBitmaps`.  This option
+	has no effect if multiple packfiles are created.
+
+--pack-kept-objects::
+	Include objects in `.keep` files when repacking.  Note that we
+	still do not delete `.keep` packs after `pack-objects` finishes.
+	This means that we may duplicate objects, but this makes the
+	option safe to use when there are concurrent pushes or fetches.
+	This option is generally only useful if you are writing bitmaps
+	with `-b` or `repack.writeBitmaps`, as it ensures that the
+	bitmapped packfile has the necessary objects.
+
+--unpack-unreachable=<when>::
+	When loosening unreachable objects, do not bother loosening any
+	objects older than `<when>`. This can be used to optimize out
+	the write of any objects that would be immediately pruned by
+	a follow-up `git prune`.
+
+-k::
+--keep-unreachable::
+	When used with `-ad`, any unreachable objects from existing
+	packs will be appended to the end of the packfile instead of
+	being removed. In addition, any unreachable loose objects will
+	be packed (and their loose counterparts removed).
 
 Configuration
 -------------
@@ -118,7 +148,7 @@ By default, the command passes `--delta-base-offset` option to
 'git pack-objects'; this typically results in slightly smaller packs,
 but the generated packs are incompatible with versions of Git older than
 version 1.4.4. If you need to share your repository with such ancient Git
-versions, either directly or via the dumb http or rsync protocol, then you
+versions, either directly or via the dumb http protocol, then you
 need to set the configuration variable `repack.UseDeltaBaseOffset` to
 "false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol
 is unaffected by this option as the conversion is performed on the fly
diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
index 17df525275..e5c57ae6ef 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
@@ -9,21 +9,28 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git replace' [-f] <object> <replacement>
+'git replace' [-f] --edit <object>
+'git replace' [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]
 'git replace' -d <object>...
-'git replace' -l [<pattern>]
+'git replace' [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Adds a 'replace' reference in `.git/refs/replace/`
+Adds a 'replace' reference in `refs/replace/` namespace.
 
-The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is
-replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the
+The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the object that is
+replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the
 replacement object.
 
-Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist in
-`.git/refs/replace/` directory.
+The replaced object and the replacement object must be of the same type.
+This restriction can be bypassed using `-f`.
 
-Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands
+Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist.
+
+There is no other restriction on the replaced and replacement objects.
+Merge commits can be replaced by non-merge commits and vice versa.
+
+Replacement references will be used by default by all Git commands
 except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and
 fsck).
 
@@ -44,24 +51,85 @@ $ git cat-file commit foo
 
 shows information about commit 'bar'.
 
-The 'GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS' environment variable can be set to
+The `GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS` environment variable can be set to
 achieve the same effect as the `--no-replace-objects` option.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -f::
+--force::
 	If an existing replace ref for the same object exists, it will
 	be overwritten (instead of failing).
 
 -d::
+--delete::
 	Delete existing replace refs for the given objects.
 
+--edit <object>::
+	Edit an object's content interactively. The existing content
+	for <object> is pretty-printed into a temporary file, an
+	editor is launched on the file, and the result is parsed to
+	create a new object of the same type as <object>. A
+	replacement ref is then created to replace <object> with the
+	newly created object. See linkgit:git-var[1] for details about
+	how the editor will be chosen.
+
+--raw::
+	When editing, provide the raw object contents rather than
+	pretty-printed ones. Currently this only affects trees, which
+	will be shown in their binary form. This is harder to work with,
+	but can help when repairing a tree that is so corrupted it
+	cannot be pretty-printed. Note that you may need to configure
+	your editor to cleanly read and write binary data.
+
+--graft <commit> [<parent>...]::
+	Create a graft commit. A new commit is created with the same
+	content as <commit> except that its parents will be
+	[<parent>...] instead of <commit>'s parents. A replacement ref
+	is then created to replace <commit> with the newly created
+	commit. See contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh for an
+	example script based on this option that can convert grafts to
+	replace refs.
+
 -l <pattern>::
+--list <pattern>::
 	List replace refs for objects that match the given pattern (or
 	all if no pattern is given).
 	Typing "git replace" without arguments, also lists all replace
 	refs.
 
+--format=<format>::
+	When listing, use the specified <format>, which can be one of
+	'short', 'medium' and 'long'. When omitted, the format
+	defaults to 'short'.
+
+FORMATS
+-------
+
+The following format are available:
+
+* 'short':
+	<replaced sha1>
+* 'medium':
+	<replaced sha1> -> <replacement sha1>
+* 'long':
+	<replaced sha1> (<replaced type>) -> <replacement sha1> (<replacement type>)
+
+CREATING REPLACEMENT OBJECTS
+----------------------------
+
+linkgit:git-filter-branch[1], linkgit:git-hash-object[1] and
+linkgit:git-rebase[1], among other git commands, can be used to create
+replacement objects from existing objects. The `--edit` option can
+also be used with 'git replace' to create a replacement object by
+editing an existing object.
+
+If you want to replace many blobs, trees or commits that are part of a
+string of commits, you may just want to create a replacement string of
+commits and then only replace the commit at the tip of the target
+string of commits with the commit at the tip of the replacement string
+of commits.
+
 BUGS
 ----
 Comparing blobs or trees that have been replaced with those that
@@ -70,14 +138,17 @@ go back to a replaced commit will move the branch to the replacement
 commit instead of the replaced commit.
 
 There may be other problems when using 'git rev-list' related to
-pending objects. And of course things may break if an object of one
-type is replaced by an object of another type (for example a blob
-replaced by a commit).
+pending objects.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
+linkgit:git-hash-object[1]
+linkgit:git-filter-branch[1]
+linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 linkgit:git-tag[1]
 linkgit:git-branch[1]
+linkgit:git-commit[1]
+linkgit:git-var[1]
 linkgit:git[1]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt b/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ec115b9e0..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-git-repo-config(1)
-==================
-
-NAME
-----
-git-repo-config - Get and set repository or global options
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git repo-config' ...
-
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-
-This is a synonym for linkgit:git-config[1].  Please refer to the
-documentation of that command.
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt
index b99681ce85..c32cb0bea1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt
@@ -13,22 +13,66 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Summarizes the changes between two commits to the standard output, and includes
-the given URL in the generated summary.
+Generate a request asking your upstream project to pull changes into
+their tree.  The request, printed to the standard output,
+begins with the branch description, summarizes
+the changes and indicates from where they can be pulled.
+
+The upstream project is expected to have the commit named by
+`<start>` and the output asks it to integrate the changes you made
+since that commit, up to the commit named by `<end>`, by visiting
+the repository named by `<url>`.
+
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -p::
-	Show patch text
+	Include patch text in the output.
 
 <start>::
-	Commit to start at.
+	Commit to start at.  This names a commit that is already in
+	the upstream history.
 
 <url>::
-	URL to include in the summary.
+	The repository URL to be pulled from.
 
 <end>::
-	Commit to end at; defaults to HEAD.
+	Commit to end at (defaults to HEAD).  This names the commit
+	at the tip of the history you are asking to be pulled.
++
+When the repository named by `<url>` has the commit at a tip of a
+ref that is different from the ref you have locally, you can use the
+`<local>:<remote>` syntax, to have its local name, a colon `:`, and
+its remote name.
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+Imagine that you built your work on your `master` branch on top of
+the `v1.0` release, and want it to be integrated to the project.
+First you push that change to your public repository for others to
+see:
+
+	git push https://git.ko.xz/project master
+
+Then, you run this command:
+
+	git request-pull v1.0 https://git.ko.xz/project master
+
+which will produce a request to the upstream, summarizing the
+changes between the `v1.0` release and your `master`, to pull it
+from your public repository.
+
+If you pushed your change to a branch whose name is different from
+the one you have locally, e.g.
+
+	git push https://git.ko.xz/project master:for-linus
+
+then you can ask that to be pulled with
+
+	git request-pull v1.0 https://git.ko.xz/project master:for-linus
+
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
index a6253ba617..9ee083c415 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-rerere - Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rerere' ['clear'|'forget' <pathspec>|'diff'|'status'|'gc']
+'git rerere' ['clear'|'forget' <pathspec>|'diff'|'remaining'|'status'|'gc']
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -37,34 +37,39 @@ its working state.
 
 'clear'::
 
-This resets the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to be
+Reset the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to be
 aborted.  Calling 'git am [--skip|--abort]' or 'git rebase [--skip|--abort]'
 will automatically invoke this command.
 
 'forget' <pathspec>::
 
-This resets the conflict resolutions which rerere has recorded for the current
+Reset the conflict resolutions which rerere has recorded for the current
 conflict in <pathspec>.
 
 'diff'::
 
-This displays diffs for the current state of the resolution.  It is
+Display diffs for the current state of the resolution.  It is
 useful for tracking what has changed while the user is resolving
 conflicts.  Additional arguments are passed directly to the system
 'diff' command installed in PATH.
 
 'status'::
 
-Like 'diff', but this only prints the filenames that will be tracked
-for resolutions.
+Print paths with conflicts whose merge resolution rerere will record.
+
+'remaining'::
+
+Print paths with conflicts that have not been autoresolved by rerere.
+This includes paths whose resolutions cannot be tracked by rerere,
+such as conflicting submodules.
 
 'gc'::
 
-This prunes records of conflicted merges that
+Prune records of conflicted merges that
 occurred a long time ago.  By default, unresolved conflicts older
 than 15 days and resolved conflicts older than 60
 days are pruned.  These defaults are controlled via the
-`gc.rerereunresolved` and `gc.rerereresolved` configuration
+`gc.rerereUnresolved` and `gc.rerereResolved` configuration
 variables respectively.
 
 
@@ -96,15 +101,15 @@ One way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch:
 
 The commits marked with `*` touch the same area in the same
 file; you need to resolve the conflicts when creating the commit
-marked with `{plus}`.  Then you can test the result to make sure your
+marked with `+`.  Then you can test the result to make sure your
 work-in-progress still works with what is in the latest master.
 
 After this test merge, there are two ways to continue your work
 on the topic.  The easiest is to build on top of the test merge
-commit `{plus}`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally
+commit `+`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally
 ready, pull the topic branch into master, and/or ask the
 upstream to pull from you.  By that time, however, the master or
-the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `{plus}`,
+the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `+`,
 in which case the final commit graph would look like this:
 
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index b674866e6d..25432d9257 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
-'git reset' (--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep) [-q] [<commit>]
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
+'git reset' [--soft | --mixed [-N] | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-In the first and second form, copy entries from <commit> to the index.
+In the first and second form, copy entries from <tree-ish> to the index.
 In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to <commit>, optionally
-modifying index and working tree to match.  The <commit> defaults to HEAD
-in all forms.
+modifying index and working tree to match.  The <tree-ish>/<commit> defaults
+to HEAD in all forms.
 
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...::
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...::
 	This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
-	state at <commit>.  (It does not affect the working tree, nor
+	state at <tree-ish>.  (It does not affect the working tree or
 	the current branch.)
 +
 This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
@@ -34,24 +34,24 @@ Alternatively, using linkgit:git-checkout[1] and specifying a commit, you
 can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
 working tree in one go.
 
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]::
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]::
 	Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
-	and <commit> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
+	and <tree-ish> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
 	in reverse to the index.
 +
 This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e.
 you can use it to selectively reset hunks. See the ``Interactive Mode''
-section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
+section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
 
-'git reset' --<mode> [<commit>]::
+'git reset' [<mode>] [<commit>]::
 	This form resets the current branch head to <commit> and
 	possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of <commit>) and
-	the working tree depending on <mode>, which
-	must be one of the following:
+	the working tree depending on <mode>. If <mode> is omitted,
+	defaults to "--mixed". The <mode> must be one of the following:
 +
 --
 --soft::
-	Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all (but
+	Does not touch the index file or the working tree at all (but
 	resets the head to <commit>, just like all modes do). This leaves
 	all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as 'git status'
 	would put it.
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
 	Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
 	are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
 	been updated. This is the default action.
++
+If `-N` is specified, removed paths are marked as intent-to-add (see
+linkgit:git-add[1]).
 
 --hard::
 	Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the
@@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ and changes with these files are distracting.
 <2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
 <3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
 not match the HEAD commit).  But you know the pull you are going
-to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
+to make does not affect frotz.c or filfre.c, so you revert the
 index changes for these two files.  Your changes in working tree
 remain there.
 <4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
index 38fafcaa6b..ef22f1775b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -9,52 +9,55 @@ git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rev-list' [ \--max-count=<number> ]
-	     [ \--skip=<number> ]
-	     [ \--max-age=<timestamp> ]
-	     [ \--min-age=<timestamp> ]
-	     [ \--sparse ]
-	     [ \--merges ]
-	     [ \--no-merges ]
-	     [ \--min-parents=<number> ]
-	     [ \--no-min-parents ]
-	     [ \--max-parents=<number> ]
-	     [ \--no-max-parents ]
-	     [ \--first-parent ]
-	     [ \--remove-empty ]
-	     [ \--full-history ]
-	     [ \--not ]
-	     [ \--all ]
-	     [ \--branches[=<pattern>] ]
-	     [ \--tags[=<pattern>] ]
-	     [ \--remotes[=<pattern>] ]
-	     [ \--glob=<glob-pattern> ]
-	     [ \--ignore-missing ]
-	     [ \--stdin ]
-	     [ \--quiet ]
-	     [ \--topo-order ]
-	     [ \--parents ]
-	     [ \--timestamp ]
-	     [ \--left-right ]
-	     [ \--left-only ]
-	     [ \--right-only ]
-	     [ \--cherry-mark ]
-	     [ \--cherry-pick ]
-	     [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
-	     [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
-	     [ \--regexp-ignore-case | -i ]
-	     [ \--extended-regexp | -E ]
-	     [ \--fixed-strings | -F ]
-	     [ \--date=(local|relative|default|iso|rfc|short) ]
-	     [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
-	     [ \--pretty | \--header ]
-	     [ \--bisect ]
-	     [ \--bisect-vars ]
-	     [ \--bisect-all ]
-	     [ \--merge ]
-	     [ \--reverse ]
-	     [ \--walk-reflogs ]
-	     [ \--no-walk ] [ \--do-walk ]
+'git rev-list' [ --max-count=<number> ]
+	     [ --skip=<number> ]
+	     [ --max-age=<timestamp> ]
+	     [ --min-age=<timestamp> ]
+	     [ --sparse ]
+	     [ --merges ]
+	     [ --no-merges ]
+	     [ --min-parents=<number> ]
+	     [ --no-min-parents ]
+	     [ --max-parents=<number> ]
+	     [ --no-max-parents ]
+	     [ --first-parent ]
+	     [ --remove-empty ]
+	     [ --full-history ]
+	     [ --not ]
+	     [ --all ]
+	     [ --branches[=<pattern>] ]
+	     [ --tags[=<pattern>] ]
+	     [ --remotes[=<pattern>] ]
+	     [ --glob=<glob-pattern> ]
+	     [ --ignore-missing ]
+	     [ --stdin ]
+	     [ --quiet ]
+	     [ --topo-order ]
+	     [ --parents ]
+	     [ --timestamp ]
+	     [ --left-right ]
+	     [ --left-only ]
+	     [ --right-only ]
+	     [ --cherry-mark ]
+	     [ --cherry-pick ]
+	     [ --encoding=<encoding> ]
+	     [ --(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
+	     [ --regexp-ignore-case | -i ]
+	     [ --extended-regexp | -E ]
+	     [ --fixed-strings | -F ]
+	     [ --date=<format>]
+	     [ [ --objects | --objects-edge | --objects-edge-aggressive ]
+	       [ --unpacked ] ]
+	     [ --pretty | --header ]
+	     [ --bisect ]
+	     [ --bisect-vars ]
+	     [ --bisect-all ]
+	     [ --merge ]
+	     [ --reverse ]
+	     [ --walk-reflogs ]
+	     [ --no-walk ] [ --do-walk ]
+	     [ --count ]
+	     [ --use-bitmap-index ]
 	     <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ between the two operands.  The following two commands are equivalent:
 	$ git rev-list A...B
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-'rev-list' is a very essential git command, since it
+'rev-list' is a very essential Git command, since it
 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
 used by commands as different as 'git bisect' and
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
index 8023dc086d..b6c6326cdc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
+Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
 meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
 and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
@@ -24,9 +24,23 @@ distinguish between them.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+Operation Modes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each of these options must appear first on the command line.
+
 --parseopt::
 	Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
 
+--sq-quote::
+	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
+	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
+	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+
+Options for --parseopt
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 --keep-dashdash::
 	Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
 	out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
@@ -36,10 +50,12 @@ OPTIONS
 	the first non-option argument.  This can be used to parse sub-commands
 	that take options themselves.
 
---sq-quote::
-	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
-	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
-	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+--stuck-long::
+	Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Output the options in their
+	long form if available, and with their arguments stuck.
+
+Options for Filtering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --revs-only::
 	Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
@@ -55,19 +71,50 @@ OPTIONS
 --no-flags::
 	Do not output flag parameters.
 
+Options for Output
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 --default <arg>::
 	If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
 	instead.
 
+--prefix <arg>::
+	Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>`
+	subdirectory of the working tree.  Any relative filenames are
+	resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed
+	in that form.
++
+This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory
+so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the
+repository.  For example:
++
+----
+prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
+eval "set -- $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" "$@")"
+----
+
 --verify::
-	The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
-	object name.  Otherwise barf and abort.
+	Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
+	can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
+	access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
+	output; otherwise, error out.
++
+If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
+your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
+you require, you can add the `^{type}` peeling operator to the parameter.
+For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
+names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
+annotated tag that points at a commit).  To make sure that `$VAR`
+names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
+can be used.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
 	message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
 	instead exit with non-zero status silently.
+	SHA-1s for valid object names are printed to stdout on success.
 
 --sq::
 	Usually the output is made one line per flag and
@@ -83,23 +130,32 @@ OPTIONS
 	strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
 	one.
 
+--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
+	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
+	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
+	abbreviation mode.
+
+--short::
+--short=number::
+	Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to
+	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
+	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+
 --symbolic::
-	Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
+	Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
 	possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
 	form as close to the original input as possible.
 
 --symbolic-full-name::
-	This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that
+	This is similar to --symbolic, but it omits input that
 	are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
 	explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
 	want to name the "master" branch when there is an
 	unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
 	refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
 
---abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
-	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
-	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
-	abbreviation mode.
+Options for Objects
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --all::
 	Show all refs found in `refs/`.
@@ -113,37 +169,56 @@ OPTIONS
 +
 If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
 shown.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
-`{asterisk}`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by
-appending `/{asterisk}`.
+`*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`.
 
 --glob=pattern::
 	Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
 	the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
 	prepended.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing
-	character (`?`, `{asterisk}`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
-	match by appending `/{asterisk}`.
+	character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
+	match by appending `/*`.
+
+--exclude=<glob-pattern>::
+	Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`,
+	`--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise
+	consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
+	up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or
+	`--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear
+	accumulated patterns).
++
+The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or
+`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`,
+respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob`
+or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given
+explicitly.
 
---show-toplevel::
-	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+--disambiguate=<prefix>::
+	Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
+	The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
+	avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
+	mistake.
 
---show-prefix::
-	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
-	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
-	directory.
+Options for Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---show-cdup::
-	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
-	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
-	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+--local-env-vars::
+	List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
+	repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
+	Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
+	even if they are set.
 
 --git-dir::
 	Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
-	the .git directory, relative to the current directory.
+	the .git directory. The path shown, when relative, is
+	relative to the current working directory.
 +
 If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
-is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree
+is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
 print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 
+--git-common-dir::
+	Show `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` if defined, else `$GIT_DIR`.
+
 --is-inside-git-dir::
 	When the current working directory is below the repository
 	directory print "true", otherwise "false".
@@ -155,17 +230,38 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 --is-bare-repository::
 	When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
 
---local-env-vars::
-	List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
-	repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
-	Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
-	even if they are set.
+--resolve-git-dir <path>::
+	Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
+	points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
+	repository.  If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
+	to the real repository is printed.
+
+--git-path <path>::
+	Resolve "$GIT_DIR/<path>" and takes other path relocation
+	variables such as $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY,
+	$GIT_INDEX_FILE... into account. For example, if
+	$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY is set to /foo/bar then "git rev-parse
+	--git-path objects/abc" returns /foo/bar/abc.
 
---short::
---short=number::
-	Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
-	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
-	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+--show-cdup::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
+	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+
+--show-prefix::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
+	directory.
+
+--show-toplevel::
+	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+
+--shared-index-path::
+	Show the path to the shared index file in split index mode, or
+	empty if not in split-index mode.
+
+Other Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --since=datestring::
 --after=datestring::
@@ -180,10 +276,6 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 <args>...::
 	Flags and parameters to be parsed.
 
---resolve-git-dir <path>::
-	Check if <path> is a valid git-dir or a git-file pointing to a valid
-	git-dir. If <path> is a valid git-dir the resolved path to git-dir will
-	be printed.
 
 include::revisions.txt[]
 
@@ -207,26 +299,28 @@ Input Format
 
 'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
 separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
-(should be more than one) are used for the usage.
+(should be one or more) are used for the usage.
 The lines after the separator describe the options.
 
 Each line of options has this format:
 
 ------------
-<opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
+<opt-spec><flags>*<arg-hint>? SP+ help LF
 ------------
 
-`<opt_spec>`::
+`<opt-spec>`::
 	its format is the short option character, then the long option name
 	separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
-	is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
-	`<opt_spec>`.
+	is necessary. May not contain any of the `<flags>` characters.
+	`h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are examples of correct `<opt-spec>`.
 
 `<flags>`::
 	`<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
 	* Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
 
-	* Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged).
+	* Use `?` to mean that the option takes an optional argument. You
+	  probably want to use the `--stuck-long` mode to be able to
+	  unambiguously parse the optional argument.
 
 	* Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
 	  generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
@@ -234,6 +328,12 @@ Each line of options has this format:
 
 	* Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
 
+`<arg-hint>`::
+	`<arg-hint>`, if specified, is used as a name of the argument in the
+	help output, for options that take arguments. `<arg-hint>` is
+	terminated by the first whitespace.  It is customary to use a
+	dash to separate words in a multi-word argument hint.
+
 The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
 as the help associated to the option.
 
@@ -254,6 +354,8 @@ h,help    show the help
 
 foo       some nifty option --foo
 bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
+baz=arg   another cool option --baz with a named argument
+qux?path  qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself
 
   An option group Header
 C?        option C with an optional argument"
@@ -261,6 +363,28 @@ C?        option C with an optional argument"
 eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
 ------------
 
+
+Usage text
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When `"$@"` is `-h` or `--help` in the above example, the following
+usage text would be shown:
+
+------------
+usage: some-command [options] <args>...
+
+    some-command does foo and bar!
+
+    -h, --help            show the help
+    --foo                 some nifty option --foo
+    --bar ...             some cool option --bar with an argument
+    --baz <arg>           another cool option --baz with a named argument
+    --qux[=<path>]        qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself
+
+An option group Header
+    -C[...]               option C with an optional argument
+------------
+
 SQ-QUOTE
 --------
 
@@ -300,12 +424,12 @@ $ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
 * Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
 +
 ------------
-$ git rev-parse --verify $REV
+$ git rev-parse --verify $REV^{commit}
 ------------
 +
 This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
 
-* Same as above:
+* Similar to above:
 +
 ------------
 $ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
index b699a3458e..573616a04a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-revert - Revert some existing commits
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git revert' [--edit | --no-edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>...
+'git revert' [--[no-]edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-S[<keyid>]] <commit>...
 'git revert' --continue
 'git revert' --quit
 'git revert' --abort
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ throw away all uncommitted changes in your working directory, you
 should see linkgit:git-reset[1], particularly the '--hard' option.  If
 you want to extract specific files as they were in another commit, you
 should see linkgit:git-checkout[1], specifically the `git checkout
-<commit> \-- <filename>` syntax.  Take care with these alternatives as
+<commit> -- <filename>` syntax.  Take care with these alternatives as
 both will discard uncommitted changes in your working directory.
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ brought in by the merge.  As a result, later merges will only bring in tree
 changes introduced by commits that are not ancestors of the previously
 reverted merge.  This may or may not be what you want.
 +
-See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
+See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
 more details.
 
 --no-edit::
@@ -80,9 +80,16 @@ more details.
 This is useful when reverting more than one commits'
 effect to your index in a row.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
+	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
+	stuck to the option without a space.
+
 -s::
 --signoff::
 	Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
+	See the signoff option in linkgit:git-commit[1] for more information.
 
 --strategy=<strategy>::
 	Use the given merge strategy.  Should only be used once.
@@ -105,7 +112,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 	Revert the changes specified by the fourth last commit in HEAD
 	and create a new commit with the reverted changes.
 
-`git revert -n master{tilde}5..master{tilde}2`::
+`git revert -n master~5..master~2`::
 
 	Revert the changes done by commits from the fifth last commit
 	in master (included) to the third last commit in master
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
index 665ad4ddab..f1efc116eb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 <file>...::
 	Files to remove.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to
-	remove all matching files.  If you want git to expand
+	remove all matching files.  If you want Git to expand
 	file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them.
 	A leading directory name
 	(e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be
@@ -74,13 +74,12 @@ DISCUSSION
 
 The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames,
 file glob patterns, or leading directory names.  The command
-removes only the paths that are known to git.  Giving the name of
-a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file.
+removes only the paths that are known to Git.  Giving the name of
+a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file.
 
 File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given
 two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
-using `git rm {apostrophe}d{asterisk}{apostrophe}` and
-`git rm {apostrophe}d/{asterisk}{apostrophe}`, as the former will
+using `git rm 'd*'` and `git rm 'd/*'`, as the former will
 also remove all of directory `d2`.
 
 REMOVING FILES THAT HAVE DISAPPEARED FROM THE FILESYSTEM
@@ -135,6 +134,27 @@ use the following command:
 git diff --name-only --diff-filter=D -z | xargs -0 git rm --cached
 ----------------
 
+SUBMODULES
+----------
+Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work
+tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the
+superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it)
+still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced
+or not - to protect the submodule's history. If it exists the
+submodule.<name> section in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file will also
+be removed and that file will be staged (unless --cached or -n are used).
+
+A submodule is considered up-to-date when the HEAD is the same as
+recorded in the index, no tracked files are modified and no untracked
+files that aren't ignored are present in the submodules work tree.
+Ignored files are deemed expendable and won't stop a submodule's work
+tree from being removed.
+
+If you only want to remove the local checkout of a submodule from your
+work tree without committing the removal,
+use linkgit:git-submodule[1] `deinit` instead.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git rm Documentation/\*.txt`::
@@ -142,7 +162,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 	`Documentation` directory and any of its subdirectories.
 +
 Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this
-example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
+example; this lets Git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
 of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
 
 `git rm -f git-*.sh`::
@@ -150,6 +170,15 @@ of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
 	(i.e. you are listing the files explicitly), it
 	does not remove `subdir/git-foo.sh`.
 
+BUGS
+----
+Each time a superproject update removes a populated submodule
+(e.g. when switching between commits before and after the removal) a
+stale submodule checkout will remain in the old location. Removing the
+old directory is only safe when it uses a gitfile, as otherwise the
+history of the submodule will be deleted too. This step will be
+obsolete when recursive submodule update has been implemented.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-add[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index 327233c85b..d0b38b4b10 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
+'git send-email' --dump-aliases
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ files in the directory), or directly as a revision list.  In the
 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
 be passed to git send-email.
 
-The header of the email is configurable by command line options.  If not
+The header of the email is configurable via command-line options.  If not
 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
 
@@ -45,20 +46,21 @@ Composing
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
 --annotate::
-	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
-	CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
+	of `sendemail.annotate`. See the CONFIGURATION section for
+	`sendemail.multiEdit`.
 
---bcc=<address>::
+--bcc=<address>,...::
 	Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
-	'sendemail.bcc'.
+	`sendemail.bcc`.
 +
-The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
+This option may be specified multiple times.
 
---cc=<address>::
+--cc=<address>,...::
 	Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
-	Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
+	Default is the value of `sendemail.cc`.
 +
-The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
+This option may be specified multiple times.
 
 --compose::
 	Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
@@ -67,17 +69,17 @@ The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
-(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
+(or Git: prefixed) lines, the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
 +
 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
 +
-See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+See the CONFIGURATION section for `sendemail.multiEdit`.
 
 --from=<address>::
 	Specify the sender of the emails.  If not specified on the command line,
-	the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used.  If
-	neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
+	the value of the `sendemail.from` configuration option is used.  If
+	neither the command-line option nor `sendemail.from` are set, then the
 	user will be prompted for the value.  The default for the prompt will be
 	the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
 	set, as returned by "git var -l".
@@ -109,13 +111,13 @@ is not set, this will be prompted for.
 	Only necessary if --compose is also set.  If --compose
 	is not set, this will be prompted for.
 
---to=<address>::
+--to=<address>,...::
 	Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
 	will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
-	value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
+	value of the `sendemail.to` configuration value; if that is unspecified,
 	and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
 +
-The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
+This option may be specified multiple times.
 
 --8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
 	When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
@@ -126,6 +128,25 @@ The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
 +
 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
 
+--compose-encoding=<encoding>::
+	Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
+	'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
+
+--transfer-encoding=(7bit|8bit|quoted-printable|base64)::
+	Specify the transfer encoding to be used to send the message over SMTP.
+	7bit will fail upon encountering a non-ASCII message.  quoted-printable
+	can be useful when the repository contains files that contain carriage
+	returns, but makes the raw patch email file (as saved from a MUA) much
+	harder to inspect manually.  base64 is even more fool proof, but also
+	even more opaque.  Default is the value of the `sendemail.transferEncoding`
+	configuration value; if that is unspecified, git will use 8bit and not
+	add a Content-Transfer-Encoding header.
+
+--xmailer::
+--no-xmailer::
+	Add (or prevent adding) the "X-Mailer:" header.  By default,
+	the header is added, but it can be turned off by setting the
+	`sendemail.xmailer` configuration variable to `false`.
 
 Sending
 ~~~~~~~
@@ -136,39 +157,52 @@ Sending
 	subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
 	value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
 	suitable privileges for the -f parameter.  Default is the value of the
-	'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
+	`sendemail.envelopeSender` configuration variable; if that is
 	unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
 
 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
 	Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'.  Any other
 	value reverts to plain SMTP.  Default is the value of
-	'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
+	`sendemail.smtpEncryption`.
 
 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
 	Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
 	HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server.  Some servers require the
 	FQDN to match your IP address.  If not set, git send-email attempts
 	to determine your FQDN automatically.  Default is the value of
-	'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
+	`sendemail.smtpDomain`.
+
+--smtp-auth=<mechanisms>::
+	Whitespace-separated list of allowed SMTP-AUTH mechanisms. This setting
+	forces using only the listed mechanisms. Example:
++
+------
+$ git send-email --smtp-auth="PLAIN LOGIN GSSAPI" ...
+------
++
+If at least one of the specified mechanisms matches the ones advertised by the
+SMTP server and if it is supported by the utilized SASL library, the mechanism
+is used for authentication. If neither 'sendemail.smtpAuth' nor '--smtp-auth'
+is specified, all mechanisms supported by the SASL library can be used.
 
 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
 	Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
 	argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
-	the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
+	the password. Default is the value of `sendemail.smtpPass`,
 	however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
 +
 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
-'--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
-specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
-user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
+'--smtp-user' or a `sendemail.smtpUser`), but no password has been
+specified (with '--smtp-pass' or `sendemail.smtpPass`), then
+a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
 
 --smtp-server=<host>::
 	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
 	`smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address).  Alternatively it can
 	specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
 	the program must support the `-i` option.  Default value can
-	be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
+	be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServer` configuration
 	option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
 	`/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
 	`localhost` otherwise.
@@ -179,11 +213,11 @@ user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
 	submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
 	symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
 	are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
-	'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
+	`sendemail.smtpServerPort` configuration variable.
 
 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
 	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
-	Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
+	Default value can be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServerOption`
 	configuration option.
 +
 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
@@ -193,11 +227,26 @@ must be used for each option.
 --smtp-ssl::
 	Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
 
+--smtp-ssl-cert-path::
+	Path to a store of trusted CA certificates for SMTP SSL/TLS
+	certificate validation (either a directory that has been processed
+	by 'c_rehash', or a single file containing one or more PEM format
+	certificates concatenated together: see verify(1) -CAfile and
+	-CApath for more information on these). Set it to an empty string
+	to disable certificate verification. Defaults to the value of the
+	`sendemail.smtpsslcertpath` configuration variable, if set, or the
+	backing SSL library's compiled-in default otherwise (which should
+	be the best choice on most platforms).
+
 --smtp-user=<user>::
-	Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
-	if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
+	Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of `sendemail.smtpUser`;
+	if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or `sendemail.smtpUser`),
 	then authentication is not attempted.
 
+--smtp-debug=0|1::
+	Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP
+	commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS
+	connection and authentication problems.
 
 Automating
 ~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -212,27 +261,39 @@ Automating
 	Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
 	should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
 	Output of this command must be single email address per line.
-	Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
+	Default is the value of `sendemail.ccCmd` configuration value.
 
 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
 	If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
 	email sent.  If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
 	the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent.  When using
 	this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
-	entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
+	entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the `sendemail.chainReplyTo`
 	configuration variable can be used to enable it.
 
 --identity=<identity>::
 	A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
 	'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
 	values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
-	the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
+	the value of `sendemail.identity`.
 
 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
 	If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
-	cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
+	cc list. Default is the value of `sendemail.signedoffbycc` configuration
 	value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
 
+--[no-]cc-cover::
+	If this is set, emails found in Cc: headers in the first patch of
+	the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list
+	for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccover'
+	configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-cc-cover.
+
+--[no-]to-cover::
+	If this is set, emails found in To: headers in the first patch of
+	the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list
+	for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocover'
+	configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-to-cover.
+
 --suppress-cc=<category>::
 	Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
 	auto-cc of:
@@ -251,13 +312,13 @@ Automating
 - 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
 --
 +
-Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
+Default is the value of `sendemail.suppresscc` configuration value; if
 that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
 specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
 
 --[no-]suppress-from::
 	If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
-	Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
+	Default is the value of `sendemail.suppressFrom` configuration
 	value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
 
 --[no-]thread::
@@ -269,7 +330,7 @@ specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
 +
 If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
 (unless specified with --in-reply-to).  Default is the value of the
-'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
+`sendemail.thread` configuration value; if that is unspecified,
 default to --thread.
 +
 It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
@@ -294,7 +355,7 @@ Administering
 - 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
 --
 +
-Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
+Default is the value of `sendemail.confirm` configuration value; if that
 is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
 have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
 
@@ -320,25 +381,52 @@ have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
 			is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
 --
 +
-Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
+Default is the value of `sendemail.validate`; if this is not set,
 default to '--validate'.
 
 --force::
 	Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
 
 
+Information
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--dump-aliases::
+	Instead of the normal operation, dump the shorthand alias names from
+	the configured alias file(s), one per line in alphabetical order. Note,
+	this only includes the alias name and not its expanded email addresses.
+	See 'sendemail.aliasesfile' for more information about aliases.
+
+
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
-sendemail.aliasesfile::
+sendemail.aliasesFile::
 	To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
-	email aliases files.  You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
+	email aliases files.  You must also supply `sendemail.aliasFileType`.
 
-sendemail.aliasfiletype::
-	Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
-	one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
+sendemail.aliasFileType::
+	Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesFile. Must be
+	one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus', or 'sendmail'.
++
+What an alias file in each format looks like can be found in
+the documentation of the email program of the same name. The
+differences and limitations from the standard formats are
+described below:
++
+--
+sendmail;;
+*	Quoted aliases and quoted addresses are not supported: lines that
+	contain a `"` symbol are ignored.
+*	Redirection to a file (`/path/name`) or pipe (`|command`) is not
+	supported.
+*	File inclusion (`:include: /path/name`) is not supported.
+*	Warnings are printed on the standard error output for any
+	explicitly unsupported constructs, and any other lines that are not
+	recognized by the parser.
+--
 
-sendemail.multiedit::
+sendemail.multiEdit::
 	If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
 	files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
 	summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
@@ -357,10 +445,23 @@ To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
 
 	[sendemail]
-		smtpencryption = tls
-		smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
-		smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
-		smtpserverport = 587
+		smtpEncryption = tls
+		smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
+		smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
+		smtpServerPort = 587
+
+If you have multifactor authentication setup on your gmail account, you will
+need to generate an app-specific password for use with 'git send-email'. Visit
+https://security.google.com/settings/security/apppasswords to setup an
+app-specific password.  Once setup, you can store it with the credentials
+helper:
+
+	$ git credential fill
+	protocol=smtp
+	host=smtp.gmail.com
+	username=youname@gmail.com
+	password=app-password
+
 
 Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
 following commands:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
index bd3eaa69bf..6aa91e830c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@ git-send-pack(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-send-pack - Push objects over git protocol to another repository
+git-send-pack - Push objects over Git protocol to another repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git send-pack' [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]
+'git send-pack' [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
+		[--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic]
+		[--[no-]signed|--sign=(true|false|if-asked)]
+		[<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -29,12 +32,22 @@ OPTIONS
 	a directory on the default $PATH.
 
 --exec=<git-receive-pack>::
-	Same as \--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>.
+	Same as --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>.
 
 --all::
 	Instead of explicitly specifying which refs to update,
 	update all heads that locally exist.
 
+--stdin::
+	Take the list of refs from stdin, one per line. If there
+	are refs specified on the command line in addition to this
+	option, then the refs from stdin are processed after those
+	on the command line.
++
+If '--stateless-rpc' is specified together with this option then
+the list of refs must be in packet format (pkt-line). Each ref must
+be in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet.
+
 --dry-run::
 	Do everything except actually send the updates.
 
@@ -52,6 +65,22 @@ OPTIONS
 	Send a "thin" pack, which records objects in deltified form based
 	on objects not included in the pack to reduce network traffic.
 
+--atomic::
+	Use an atomic transaction for updating the refs. If any of the refs
+	fails to update then the entire push will fail without changing any
+	refs.
+
+--[no-]signed::
+--sign=(true|false|if-asked)::
+	GPG-sign the push request to update refs on the receiving
+	side, to allow it to be checked by the hooks and/or be
+	logged.  If `false` or `--no-signed`, no signing will be
+	attempted.  If `true` or `--signed`, the push will fail if the
+	server does not support signed pushes.  If set to `if-asked`,
+	sign if and only if the server supports signed pushes.  The push
+	will also fail if the actual call to `gpg --sign` fails.  See
+	linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for the details on the receiving end.
+
 <host>::
 	A remote host to house the repository.  When this
 	part is specified, 'git-receive-pack' is invoked via
@@ -77,7 +106,8 @@ this flag.
 Without '--all' and without any '<ref>', the heads that exist
 both on the local side and on the remote side are updated.
 
-When one or more '<ref>' are specified explicitly, it can be either a
+When one or more '<ref>' are specified explicitly (whether on the
+command line or via `--stdin`), it can be either a
 single pattern, or a pair of such pattern separated by a colon
 ":" (this means that a ref name cannot have a colon in it).  A
 single pattern '<name>' is just a shorthand for '<name>:<name>'.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt
index 5c3ec327bb..2ffaf9392e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ plumbing scripts and/or are writing new ones.
 'git sh-i18n{litdd}envsubst' is Git's stripped-down copy of the GNU
 `envsubst(1)` program that comes with the GNU gettext package. It's
 used internally by linkgit:git-sh-i18n[1] to interpolate the variables
-passed to the the `eval_gettext` function.
+passed to the `eval_gettext` function.
 
 No promises are made about the interface, or that this
 program won't disappear without warning in the next version
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
index a2f346ca71..8632612c31 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-sh-setup(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-sh-setup - Common git shell script setup code
+git-sh-setup - Common Git shell script setup code
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.
 
 The 'git sh-setup' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up some variables pointing at
-the normal git directories and a few helper shell functions.
+the normal Git directories and a few helper shell functions.
 
 Before sourcing it, your script should set up a few variables;
 `USAGE` (and `LONG_USAGE`, if any) is used to define message
@@ -41,9 +41,11 @@ usage::
 	die with the usage message.
 
 set_reflog_action::
-	set the message that will be recorded to describe the
-	end-user action in the reflog, when the script updates a
-	ref.
+	Set `GIT_REFLOG_ACTION` environment to a given string (typically
+	the name of the program) unless it is already set.  Whenever
+	the script runs a `git` command that updates refs, a reflog
+	entry is created using the value of this string to leave the
+	record of what command updated the ref.
 
 git_editor::
 	runs an editor of user's choice (GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, VISUAL or
@@ -68,10 +70,26 @@ require_work_tree_exists::
 	cd_to_toplevel, which is impossible to do if there is no
 	working tree.
 
+require_clean_work_tree <action> [<hint>]::
+	checks that the working tree and index associated with the
+	repository have no uncommitted changes to tracked files.
+	Otherwise it emits an error message of the form `Cannot
+	<action>: <reason>. <hint>`, and dies.  Example:
++
+----------------
+require_clean_work_tree rebase "Please commit or stash them."
+----------------
+
 get_author_ident_from_commit::
 	outputs code for use with eval to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL and GIT_AUTHOR_DATE variables for a given commit.
 
+create_virtual_base::
+	modifies the first file so only lines in common with the
+	second file remain. If there is insufficient common material,
+	then the first file is left empty. The result is suitable
+	as a virtual base input for a 3-way merge.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
index 9b9250600f..e4bdd2235c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shell.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
@@ -9,25 +9,81 @@ git-shell - Restricted login shell for Git-only SSH access
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git shell' [-c <command> <argument>]
+'chsh' -s $(command -v git-shell) <user>
+'git clone' <user>`@localhost:/path/to/repo.git`
+'ssh' <user>`@localhost`
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-A login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access. When
-'-c' is given, the program executes <command> non-interactively;
-<command> can be one of 'git receive-pack', 'git upload-pack', 'git
-upload-archive', 'cvs server', or a command in COMMAND_DIR. The shell
-is started in interactive mode when no arguments are given; in this
-case, COMMAND_DIR must exist, and any of the executables in it can be
-invoked.
+This is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access.
+It permits execution only of server-side Git commands implementing the
+pull/push functionality, plus custom commands present in a subdirectory
+named `git-shell-commands` in the user's home directory.
 
-'cvs server' is a special command which executes git-cvsserver.
+COMMANDS
+--------
+
+'git shell' accepts the following commands after the '-c' option:
+
+'git receive-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-archive <argument>'::
+	Call the corresponding server-side command to support
+	the client's 'git push', 'git fetch', or 'git archive --remote'
+	request.
+'cvs server'::
+	Imitate a CVS server.  See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell' will
+also handle other, custom commands by running
+"`git-shell-commands/<command> <arguments>`" from the user's home
+directory.
+
+INTERACTIVE USE
+---------------
+
+By default, the commands above can be executed only with the '-c'
+option; the shell is not interactive.
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell'
+can also be run interactively (with no arguments).  If a `help`
+command is present in the `git-shell-commands` directory, it is
+run to provide the user with an overview of allowed actions.  Then a
+"git> " prompt is presented at which one can enter any of the
+commands from the `git-shell-commands` directory, or `exit` to close
+the connection.
 
-COMMAND_DIR is the path "$HOME/git-shell-commands". The user must have
-read and execute permissions to the directory in order to execute the
-programs in it. The programs are executed with a cwd of $HOME, and
-<argument> is parsed as a command-line string.
+Generally this mode is used as an administrative interface to allow
+users to list repositories they have access to, create, delete, or
+rename repositories, or change repository descriptions and
+permissions.
+
+If a `no-interactive-login` command exists, then it is run and the
+interactive shell is aborted.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+To disable interactive logins, displaying a greeting instead:
+
+----------------
+$ chsh -s /usr/bin/git-shell
+$ mkdir $HOME/git-shell-commands
+$ cat >$HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+printf '%s\n' "Hi $USER! You've successfully authenticated, but I do not"
+printf '%s\n' "provide interactive shell access."
+exit 128
+EOF
+$ chmod +x $HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login
+----------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+ssh(1),
+linkgit:git-daemon[1],
+contrib/git-shell-commands/README
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
index ff3755b4c7..31af7f2736 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@ git-shortlog - Summarize 'git log' output
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [-h] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w]
-'git shortlog' [-n|--numbered] [-s|--summary] [-e|--email] [-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]] <commit>...
+git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [<options>]
+'git shortlog' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Summarizes 'git log' output in a format suitable for inclusion
-in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and
-the first line of the commit message will be shown.
+in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and title.
 
 Additionally, "[PATCH]" will be stripped from the commit description.
 
@@ -27,10 +26,6 @@ reference to the current repository.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
--h::
---help::
-	Print a short usage message and exit.
-
 -n::
 --numbered::
 	Sort output according to the number of commits per author instead
@@ -47,7 +42,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --format[=<format>]::
 	Instead of the commit subject, use some other information to
 	describe each commit.  '<format>' can be any string accepted
-	by the `--format` option of 'git log', such as '{asterisk} [%h] %s'.
+	by the `--format` option of 'git log', such as '* [%h] %s'.
 	(See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section of linkgit:git-log[1].)
 
 	Each pretty-printed commit will be rewrapped before it is shown.
@@ -57,7 +52,25 @@ OPTIONS
 	line of each entry is indented by `indent1` spaces, and the second
 	and subsequent lines are indented by `indent2` spaces. `width`,
 	`indent1`, and `indent2` default to 76, 6 and 9 respectively.
-
++
+If width is `0` (zero) then indent the lines of the output without wrapping
+them.
+
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges"
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
+
+[\--] <path>...::
+	Consider only commits that are enough to explain how the files
+	that match the specified paths came to be.
++
+Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 MAPPING AUTHORS
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
index a8e77b5350..b91d4e545b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ and/or refs/tags) semi-visually.
 It cannot show more than 29 branches and commits at a time.
 
 It uses `showbranch.default` multi-valued configuration items if
-no <rev> nor <glob> is given on the command line.
+no <rev> or <glob> is given on the command line.
 
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 <rev>::
-	Arbitrary extended SHA1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
+	Arbitrary extended SHA-1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
 	that typically names a branch head or a tag.
 
 <glob>::
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ displayed, indented N places.  If a commit is on the I-th
 branch, the I-th indentation character shows a `+` sign;
 otherwise it shows a space.  Merge commits are denoted by
 a `-` sign.  Each commit shows a short name that
-can be used as an extended SHA1 to name that commit.
+can be used as an extended SHA-1 to name that commit.
 
 The following example shows three branches, "master", "fixes"
 and "mhf":
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
index 2dcbbb2454..a8a9509e0e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
@@ -9,17 +9,18 @@ git-show-index - Show packed archive index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git show-index' < idx-file
+'git show-index'
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with
-'git pack-objects' command, and dumps its contents.
+Read the idx file for a Git packfile created with
+'git pack-objects' command from the standard input, and
+dump its contents.
 
 The information it outputs is subset of what you can get from
 'git verify-pack -v'; this command only shows the packfile
-offset and SHA1 of each object.
+offset and SHA-1 of each object.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
index 3c45895299..3a32451984 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git show-ref' [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference]
 	     [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags]
 	     [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]
-'git show-ref' --exclude-existing[=<pattern>] < ref-list
+'git show-ref' --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ commit IDs. Results can be filtered using a pattern and tags can be
 dereferenced into object IDs. Additionally, it can be used to test whether a
 particular ref exists.
 
-The --exclude-existing form is a filter that does the inverse, it shows the
-refs from stdin that don't exist in the local repository.
+By default, shows the tags, heads, and remote refs.
+
+The --exclude-existing form is a filter that does the inverse. It reads
+refs from stdin, one ref per line, and shows those that don't exist in
+the local repository.
 
 Use of this utility is encouraged in favor of directly accessing files under
 the `.git` directory.
@@ -32,26 +35,26 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --head::
 
-	Show the HEAD reference.
+	Show the HEAD reference, even if it would normally be filtered out.
 
 --tags::
 --heads::
 
-	Limit to only "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These
-	options are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored
-	in "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
+	Limit to "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These options
+	are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored in
+	"refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
 
 -d::
 --dereference::
 
-	Dereference tags into object IDs as well. They will be shown with "^{}"
+	Dereference tags into object IDs as well. They will be shown with "{caret}{}"
 	appended.
 
 -s::
 --hash[=<n>]::
 
-	Only show the SHA1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
-	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA1.
+	Only show the SHA-1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
+	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA-1.
 
 --verify::
 
@@ -73,9 +76,9 @@ OPTIONS
 --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]::
 
 	Make 'git show-ref' act as a filter that reads refs from stdin of the
-	form "^(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:{backslash}{caret}\{\})?$"
+	form "`^(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:\^{})?$`"
 	and performs the following actions on each:
-	(1) strip "^{}" at the end of line if any;
+	(1) strip "{caret}{}" at the end of line if any;
 	(2) ignore if pattern is provided and does not head-match refname;
 	(3) warn if refname is not a well-formed refname and skip;
 	(4) ignore if refname is a ref that exists in the local repository;
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Show references matching one or more patterns. Patterns are matched from
 	the end of the full name, and only complete parts are matched, e.g.
 	'master' matches 'refs/heads/master', 'refs/remotes/origin/master',
-	'refs/tags/jedi/master' but not 'refs/heads/mymaster' nor
+	'refs/tags/jedi/master' but not 'refs/heads/mymaster' or
 	'refs/remotes/master/jedi'.
 
 OUTPUT
@@ -173,6 +176,7 @@ FILES
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
+linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1],
 linkgit:git-ls-remote[1],
 linkgit:git-update-ref[1],
 linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt
index 1e38819e67..82a4125a2d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ presents the merge commit in a special format as produced by
 For tags, it shows the tag message and the referenced objects.
 
 For trees, it shows the names (equivalent to 'git ls-tree'
-with \--name-only).
+with --name-only).
 
 For plain blobs, it shows the plain contents.
 
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ include::pretty-options.txt[]
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
 
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
+-------------------
+
+:git-log: 1
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
+
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -52,10 +61,10 @@ EXAMPLES
 	Shows the tag `v1.0.0`, along with the object the tags
 	points at.
 
-`git show v1.0.0^\{tree\}`::
+`git show v1.0.0^{tree}`::
 	Shows the tree pointed to by the tag `v1.0.0`.
 
-`git show -s --format=%s v1.0.0^\{commit\}`::
+`git show -s --format=%s v1.0.0^{commit}`::
 	Shows the subject of the commit pointed to by the
 	tag `v1.0.0`.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stage.txt b/Documentation/git-stage.txt
index ba3fe0d7f5..25bcda936d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stage.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stage.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 git-stage(1)
-==============
+============
 
 NAME
 ----
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
index 43af38aa4b..92df596e5f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
-'git stash' [save [--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
+'git stash' [save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
 	     [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]]
 'git stash' clear
-'git stash' create
+'git stash' create [<message>]
+'git stash' store [-m|--message <message>] [-q|--quiet] <commit>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -36,14 +37,14 @@ you create one.
 
 The latest stash you created is stored in `refs/stash`; older
 stashes are found in the reflog of this reference and can be named using
-the usual reflog syntax (e.g. `stash@\{0}` is the most recently
-created stash, `stash@\{1}` is the one before it, `stash@\{2.hours.ago}`
+the usual reflog syntax (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the most recently
+created stash, `stash@{1}` is the one before it, `stash@{2.hours.ago}`
 is also possible).
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
-save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
+save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
 
 	Save your local modifications to a new 'stash', and run `git reset
 	--hard` to revert them.  The <message> part is optional and gives
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state
 of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you
 selected interactively.  The selected changes are then rolled back
 from your worktree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of
-linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
+linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
 +
 The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
 `--no-keep-index` to override this.
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
 list [<options>]::
 
 	List the stashes that you currently have.  Each 'stash' is listed
-	with its name (e.g. `stash@\{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@\{1}` is
+	with its name (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@{1}` is
 	the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the
 	stash was made, and a short description of the commit the stash was
 	based on.
@@ -93,7 +94,9 @@ show [<stash>]::
 	stashed state and its original parent. When no `<stash>` is given,
 	shows the latest one. By default, the command shows the diffstat, but
 	it will accept any format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show
-	-p stash@\{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form).
+	-p stash@{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form).
+	You can use stash.showStat and/or stash.showPatch config variables
+	to change the default behavior.
 
 pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
@@ -111,8 +114,8 @@ tree's changes, but also the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you
 have conflicts (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no
 longer apply the changes as they were originally).
 +
-When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@\{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must
-be a reference of the form `stash@\{<revision>}`.
+When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must
+be a reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
@@ -143,15 +146,23 @@ clear::
 drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
 	Remove a single stashed state from the stash list. When no `<stash>`
-	is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@\{0}`, otherwise
-	`<stash>` must a valid stash log reference of the form
-	`stash@\{<revision>}`.
+	is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise
+	`<stash>` must be a valid stash log reference of the form
+	`stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 create::
 
 	Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its
 	object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace.
+	This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is probably not
+	the command you want to use; see "save" above.
 
+store::
+
+	Store a given stash created via 'git stash create' (which is a
+	dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash
+	reflog.  This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is
+	probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above.
 
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index 3d51717bbe..e1e8f57cdd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Displays paths that have differences between the index file and the
 current HEAD commit, paths that have differences between the working
 tree and the index file, and paths in the working tree that are not
-tracked by git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
+tracked by Git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
 are what you _would_ commit by running `git commit`; the second and
 third are what you _could_ commit by running 'git add' before running
 `git commit`.
@@ -35,23 +35,44 @@ OPTIONS
 --porcelain::
 	Give the output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts.
 	This is similar to the short output, but will remain stable
-	across git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
+	across Git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
 	below for details.
 
+--long::
+	Give the output in the long-format. This is the default.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	In addition to the names of files that have been changed, also
+	show the textual changes that are staged to be committed
+	(i.e., like the output of `git diff --cached`). If `-v` is specified
+	twice, then also show the changes in the working tree that
+	have not yet been staged (i.e., like the output of `git diff`).
+
 -u[<mode>]::
 --untracked-files[=<mode>]::
 	Show untracked files.
 +
-The mode parameter is optional (defaults to 'all'), and is used to
-specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the
-default is 'normal', i.e. show untracked files and directories.
+The mode parameter is used to specify the handling of untracked files.
+It is optional: it defaults to 'all', and if specified, it must be
+stuck to the option (e.g. `-uno`, but not `-u no`).
 +
 The possible options are:
 +
-	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
-	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files.
+	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories.
 	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
 +
+When `-u` option is not used, untracked files and directories are
+shown (i.e. the same as specifying `normal`), to help you avoid
+forgetting to add newly created files.  Because it takes extra work
+to find untracked files in the filesystem, this mode may take some
+time in a large working tree.
+Consider enabling untracked cache and split index if supported (see
+`git update-index --untracked-cache` and `git update-index
+--split-index`), Otherwise you can use `no` to have `git status`
+return more quickly without showing untracked files.
++
 The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles
 configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -68,7 +89,7 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 	only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was
 	the behavior before 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules
 	(and suppresses the output of submodule summaries when the config option
-	`status.submodulesummary` is set).
+	`status.submoduleSummary` is set).
 
 --ignored::
 	Show ignored files as well.
@@ -77,16 +98,23 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 	Terminate entries with NUL, instead of LF.  This implies
 	the `--porcelain` output format if no other format is given.
 
+--column[=<options>]::
+--no-column::
+	Display untracked files in columns. See configuration variable
+	column.status for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
+	without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never'
+	respectively.
+
 
 OUTPUT
 ------
 The output from this command is designed to be used as a commit
-template comment, and all the output lines are prefixed with '#'.
+template comment.
 The default, long format, is designed to be human readable,
 verbose and descriptive.  Its contents and format are subject to change
 at any time.
 
-The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other git commands, are
+The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other Git commands, are
 made relative to the current directory if you are working in a
 subdirectory (this is on purpose, to help cutting and pasting). See
 the status.relativePaths config option below.
@@ -98,18 +126,18 @@ In the short-format, the status of each path is shown as
 
 	XY PATH1 -> PATH2
 
-where `PATH1` is the path in the `HEAD`, and the ` \-> PATH2` part is
+where `PATH1` is the path in the `HEAD`, and the " `-> PATH2`" part is
 shown only when `PATH1` corresponds to a different path in the
-index/worktree (i.e. the file is renamed). The 'XY' is a two-letter
+index/worktree (i.e. the file is renamed). The `XY` is a two-letter
 status code.
 
-The fields (including the `\->`) are separated from each other by a
+The fields (including the `->`) are separated from each other by a
 single space. If a filename contains whitespace or other nonprintable
 characters, that field will be quoted in the manner of a C string
 literal: surrounded by ASCII double quote (34) characters, and with
 interior special characters backslash-escaped.
 
-For paths with merge conflicts, `X` and 'Y' show the modification
+For paths with merge conflicts, `X` and `Y` show the modification
 states of each side of the merge. For paths that do not have merge
 conflicts, `X` shows the status of the index, and `Y` shows the status
 of the work tree.  For untracked paths, `XY` are `??`.  Other status
@@ -158,7 +186,7 @@ Porcelain Format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The porcelain format is similar to the short format, but is guaranteed
-not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between git versions or
+not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between Git versions or
 based on user configuration. This makes it ideal for parsing by scripts.
 The description of the short format above also describes the porcelain
 format, with a few exceptions:
@@ -177,7 +205,7 @@ order is reversed (e.g 'from \-> to' becomes 'to from'). Second, a NUL
 and the terminating newline (but a space still separates the status
 field from the first filename).  Third, filenames containing special
 characters are not specially formatted; no quoting or
-backslash-escaping is performed. Fourth, there is no branch line.
+backslash-escaping is performed.
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
@@ -191,10 +219,16 @@ If the config variable `status.relativePaths` is set to false, then all
 paths shown are relative to the repository root, not to the current
 directory.
 
-If `status.submodulesummary` is set to a non zero number or true (identical
+If `status.submoduleSummary` is set to a non zero number or true (identical
 to -1 or an unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled for
 the long format and a summary of commits for modified submodules will be
-shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+that the summary output from the status command will be suppressed for all
+submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only for those
+submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To also view the summary for
+ignored submodules you can either use the --ignore-submodules=dirty command
+line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar
+output but does not honor these settings.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
index a80d94650d..2438f76da0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ git-stripspace - Remove unnecessary whitespace
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git stripspace' [-s | --strip-comments] < input
+'git stripspace' [-s | --strip-comments]
+'git stripspace' [-c | --comment-lines]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Clean the input in the manner used by 'git' for text such as commit
-messages, notes, tags and branch descriptions.
+Read text, such as commit messages, notes, tags and branch
+descriptions, from the standard input and clean it in the manner
+used by Git.
 
 With no arguments, this will:
 
@@ -35,14 +37,20 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -s::
 --strip-comments::
-	Skip and remove all lines starting with '#'.
+	Skip and remove all lines starting with comment character (default '#').
+
+-c::
+--comment-lines::
+	Prepend comment character and blank to each line. Lines will automatically
+	be terminated with a newline. On empty lines, only the comment character
+	will be prepended.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
 Given the following noisy input with '$' indicating the end of a line:
 
---------
+---------
 |A brief introduction   $
 |   $
 |$
@@ -58,7 +66,7 @@ Given the following noisy input with '$' indicating the end of a line:
 
 Use 'git stripspace' with no arguments to obtain:
 
---------
+---------
 |A brief introduction$
 |$
 |A new paragraph$
@@ -72,7 +80,7 @@ Use 'git stripspace' with no arguments to obtain:
 
 Use 'git stripspace --strip-comments' to obtain:
 
---------
+---------
 |A brief introduction$
 |$
 |A new paragraph$
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
index 6ec3fef079..bf3bb372ee 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -9,26 +9,46 @@ git-submodule - Initialize, update or inspect submodules
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>]
+	      [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] (--all|[--] <path>...)
+'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch]
+	      [--[no-]recommend-shallow] [-f|--force] [--rebase|--merge]
+	      [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--recursive]
+	      [--jobs <n>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>]
 	      [commit] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
-'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Submodules allow foreign repositories to be embedded within
-a dedicated subdirectory of the source tree, always pointed
-at a particular commit.
+Inspects, updates and manages submodules.
 
-They are not to be confused with remotes, which are meant mainly
-for branches of the same project; submodules are meant for
+A submodule allows you to keep another Git repository in a subdirectory
+of your repository. The other repository has its own history, which does not
+interfere with the history of the current repository. This can be used to
+have external dependencies such as third party libraries for example.
+
+When cloning or pulling a repository containing submodules however,
+these will not be checked out by default; the 'init' and 'update'
+subcommands will maintain submodules checked out and at
+appropriate revision in your working tree.
+
+Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry
+in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object
+within the inner repository that is completely separate.
+A record in the `.gitmodules` (see linkgit:gitmodules[5]) file at the
+root of the source tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and
+describes the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
+The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your
+local repository configuration (see 'submodule init').
+
+Submodules are not to be confused with remotes, which are other
+repositories of the same project; submodules are meant for
 different projects you would like to make part of your source tree,
 while the history of the two projects still stays completely
 independent and you cannot modify the contents of the submodule
@@ -40,29 +60,6 @@ instead of treating the other project as a submodule. Directories
 that come from both projects can be cloned and checked out as a whole
 if you choose to go that route.
 
-Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry
-in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object
-within the inner repository that is completely separate.
-A record in the `.gitmodules` file at the root of the source
-tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and describes
-the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
-The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your
-local repository configuration (see 'submodule init').
-
-This command will manage the tree entries and contents of the
-gitmodules file for you, as well as inspect the status of your
-submodules and update them.
-When adding a new submodule to the tree, the 'add' subcommand
-is to be used.  However, when pulling a tree containing submodules,
-these will not be checked out by default;
-the 'init' and 'update' subcommands will maintain submodules
-checked out and at appropriate revision in your working tree.
-You can briefly inspect the up-to-date status of your submodules
-using the 'status' subcommand and get a detailed overview of the
-difference between the index and checkouts using the 'summary'
-subcommand.
-
-
 COMMANDS
 --------
 add::
@@ -75,18 +72,25 @@ argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule
 to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
 "humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
 "/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
+The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its
+configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name.
 +
 <repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
 This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
 or ../), the location relative to the superproject's origin
-repository. If the superproject doesn't have an origin configured
+repository (Please note that to specify a repository 'foo.git'
+which is located right next to a superproject 'bar.git', you'll
+have to use '../foo.git' instead of './foo.git' - as one might expect
+when following the rules for relative URLs - because the evaluation
+of relative URLs in Git is identical to that of relative directories).
+If the superproject doesn't have an origin configured
 the superproject is its own authoritative upstream and the current
 working directory is used instead.
 +
 <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
 exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
 submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
-exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added
+exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added
 to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
 to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
 the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
@@ -107,7 +111,6 @@ status::
 	initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
 	does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
 	repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
-	This command is the default command for 'git submodule'.
 +
 If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into nested
 submodules, and show their status as well.
@@ -118,8 +121,10 @@ linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that information
 too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree).
 
 init::
-	Initialize the submodules, i.e. register each submodule name
-	and url found in .gitmodules into .git/config.
+	Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were
+	added and committed elsewhere) by copying submodule
+	names and urls from .gitmodules to .git/config.
+	Optional <path> arguments limit which submodules will be initialized.
 	It will also copy the value of `submodule.$name.update` into
 	.git/config.
 	The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
@@ -130,24 +135,68 @@ init::
 	the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
 	any submodule locations.
 
+deinit::
+	Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole
+	`submodule.$name` section from .git/config together with their work
+	tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach`
+	and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until
+	they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to
+	have a local checkout of the submodule in your working tree anymore. If
+	you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
+	that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead.
++
+When the command is run without pathspec, it errors out,
+instead of deinit-ing everything, to prevent mistakes.
++
+If `--force` is specified, the submodule's working tree will
+be removed even if it contains local modifications.
+
 update::
-	Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
-	checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository.
-	This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or
-	`--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to
-	`rebase`, `merge` or `none`.
 +
+--
+Update the registered submodules to match what the superproject
+expects by cloning missing submodules and updating the working tree of
+the submodules. The "updating" can be done in several ways depending
+on command line options and the value of `submodule.<name>.update`
+configuration variable. Supported update procedures are:
+
+	checkout;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be
+	    checked out in the submodule on a detached HEAD. This is
+	    done when `--checkout` option is given, or no option is
+	    given, and `submodule.<name>.update` is unset, or if it is
+	    set to 'checkout'.
++
+If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using
+`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified
+in the index of the containing repository already matches the commit
+checked out in the submodule.
+
+	rebase;; the current branch of the submodule will be rebased
+	    onto the commit recorded in the superproject. This is done
+	    when `--rebase` option is given, or no option is given, and
+	    `submodule.<name>.update` is set to 'rebase'.
+
+	merge;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be merged
+	    into the current branch in the submodule. This is done
+	    when `--merge` option is given, or no option is given, and
+	    `submodule.<name>.update` is set to 'merge'.
+
+	custom command;; arbitrary shell command that takes a single
+	    argument (the sha1 of the commit recorded in the
+	    superproject) is executed. This is done when no option is
+	    given, and `submodule.<name>.update` has the form of
+	    '!command'.
+
+When no option is given and `submodule.<name>.update` is set to 'none',
+the submodule is not updated.
+
 If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
 setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
 submodule with the `--init` option.
-+
+
 If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
 registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
-+
-If the configuration key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `none` the
-submodule with name `$name` will not be updated by default. This can be
-overriden by adding `--checkout` to the command.
-
+--
 summary::
 	Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
 	working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
@@ -185,13 +234,16 @@ commit for each submodule.
 sync::
 	Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting
 	to the value specified in .gitmodules. It will only affect those
-	submodules which already have an url entry in .git/config (that is the
+	submodules which already have a URL entry in .git/config (that is the
 	case when they are initialized or freshly added). This is useful when
 	submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local
 	repositories accordingly.
 +
 "git submodule sync" synchronizes all submodules while
 "git submodule sync \-- A" synchronizes submodule "A" only.
++
+If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
+registered submodules, and sync any nested submodules within.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -199,16 +251,28 @@ OPTIONS
 --quiet::
 	Only print error messages.
 
+--all::
+	This option is only valid for the deinit command. Unregister all
+	submodules in the working tree.
+
 -b::
 --branch::
 	Branch of repository to add as submodule.
+	The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<name>.branch` in
+	`.gitmodules` for `update --remote`.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	This option is only valid for add and update commands.
+	This option is only valid for add, deinit and update commands.
 	When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
-	When running update, throw away local changes in submodules when
-	switching to a different commit.
+	When running deinit the submodule working trees will be removed even
+	if they contain local changes.
+	When running update (only effective with the checkout procedure),
+	throw away local changes in submodules when switching to a
+	different commit; and always run a checkout operation in the
+	submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the
+	containing repository matches the commit checked out in the
+	submodule.
 
 --cached::
 	This option is only valid for status and summary commands.  These
@@ -228,11 +292,51 @@ OPTIONS
 	(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
 	size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
 
+--remote::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.  Instead of using
+	the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
+	status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch.  The remote used
+	is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
+	The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
+	be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
+	either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
+	precedence).
++
+This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
+`--rebase`, etc.).  The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
+For example, `submodule update --remote --merge` will merge upstream
+submodule changes into the submodules, while `submodule update
+--merge` will merge superproject gitlink changes into the submodules.
++
+In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
+fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
+SHA-1.  If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update
+--remote --no-fetch`.
++
+Use this option to integrate changes from the upstream subproject with
+your submodule's current HEAD.  Alternatively, you can run `git pull`
+from the submodule, which is equivalent except for the remote branch
+name: `update --remote` uses the default upstream repository and
+`submodule.<name>.branch`, while `git pull` uses the submodule's
+`branch.<name>.merge`.  Prefer `submodule.<name>.branch` if you want
+to distribute the default upstream branch with the superproject and
+`branch.<name>.merge` if you want a more native feel while working in
+the submodule itself.
+
 -N::
 --no-fetch::
 	This option is only valid for the update command.
 	Don't fetch new objects from the remote site.
 
+--checkout::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.
+	Checkout the commit recorded in the superproject on a detached HEAD
+	in the submodule. This is the default behavior, the main use of
+	this option is to override `submodule.$name.update` when set to
+	a value other than `checkout`.
+	If the key `submodule.$name.update` is either not explicitly set or
+	set to `checkout`, this option is implicit.
+
 --merge::
 	This option is only valid for the update command.
 	Merge the commit recorded in the superproject into the current branch
@@ -257,6 +361,11 @@ OPTIONS
 	Initialize all submodules for which "git submodule init" has not been
 	called so far before updating.
 
+--name::
+	This option is only valid for the add command. It sets the submodule's
+	name to the given string instead of defaulting to its path. The name
+	must be valid as a directory name and may not end with a '/'.
+
 --reference <repository>::
 	This option is only valid for add and update commands.  These
 	commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
@@ -266,11 +375,28 @@ OPTIONS
 for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully.
 
 --recursive::
-	This option is only valid for foreach, update and status commands.
+	This option is only valid for foreach, update, status and sync commands.
 	Traverse submodules recursively. The operation is performed not
 	only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
 	in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
 
+--depth::
+	This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow'
+	clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions.
+	See linkgit:git-clone[1]
+
+--[no-]recommend-shallow::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.
+	The initial clone of a submodule will use the recommended
+	`submodule.<name>.shallow` as provided by the .gitmodules file
+	by default. To ignore the suggestions use `--no-recommend-shallow`.
+
+-j <n>::
+--jobs <n>::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.
+	Clone new submodules in parallel with as many jobs.
+	Defaults to the `submodule.fetchJobs` option.
+
 <path>...::
 	Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
 	to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index 34ee785064..698a6685f6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-svn(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git
+git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
-It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git
+'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and Git.
+It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a Git
 repository.
 
 'git svn' can track a standard Subversion repository,
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ following the common "trunk/branches/tags" layout, with the --stdlayout option.
 It can also follow branches and tags in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options
 (see options to 'init' below, and also the 'clone' command).
 
-Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the git
+Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the Git
 repository can be updated from Subversion by the 'fetch' command and
-Subversion updated from git by the 'dcommit' command.
+Subversion updated from Git by the 'dcommit' command.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
 
 'init'::
-	Initializes an empty git repository with additional
+	Initializes an empty Git repository with additional
 	metadata directories for 'git svn'.  The Subversion URL
 	may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
 	URL arguments to -T/-t/-b.  Optionally, the target
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ COMMANDS
 --username=<user>;;
 	For transports that SVN handles authentication for (http,
 	https, and plain svn), specify the username.  For other
-	transports (eg svn+ssh://), you must include the username in
-	the URL, eg svn+ssh://foo@svn.bar.com/project
+	transports (e.g. `svn+ssh://`), you must include the username in
+	the URL, e.g. `svn+ssh://foo@svn.bar.com/project`
 --prefix=<prefix>;;
 	This allows one to specify a prefix which is prepended
 	to the names of remotes if trunk/branches/tags are
@@ -79,12 +79,30 @@ COMMANDS
 	trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the
 	argument if that is what you want.  If --branches/-b is
 	specified, the prefix must include a trailing slash.
-	Setting a prefix is useful if you wish to track multiple
-	projects that share a common repository.
+	Setting a prefix (with a trailing slash) is strongly
+	encouraged in any case, as your SVN-tracking refs will
+	then be located at "refs/remotes/$prefix/*", which is
+	compatible with Git's own remote-tracking ref layout
+	(refs/remotes/$remote/*). Setting a prefix is also useful
+	if you wish to track multiple projects that share a common
+	repository.
+	By default, the prefix is set to 'origin/'.
++
+NOTE: Before Git v2.0, the default prefix was "" (no prefix). This
+meant that SVN-tracking refs were put at "refs/remotes/*", which is
+incompatible with how Git's own remote-tracking refs are organized.
+If you still want the old default, you can get it by passing
+`--prefix ""` on the command line (`--prefix=""` may not work if
+your Perl's Getopt::Long is < v2.37).
+
 --ignore-paths=<regex>;;
 	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
 	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
 	of '--ignore-paths'.
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
+	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
+	of '--include-paths'.
 --no-minimize-url;;
 	When tracking multiple directories (using --stdlayout,
 	--branches, or --tags options), git svn will attempt to connect
@@ -100,19 +118,22 @@ COMMANDS
 'fetch'::
 	Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are
 	tracking.  The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the
-	.git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line
-	argument.
+	$GIT_DIR/config file may be specified as an optional
+	command-line argument.
++
+This automatically updates the rev_map if needed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
 
 --localtime;;
-	Store Git commit times in the local timezone instead of UTC.  This
+	Store Git commit times in the local time zone instead of UTC.  This
 	makes 'git log' (even without --date=local) show the same times
-	that `svn log` would in the local timezone.
+	that `svn log` would in the local time zone.
 +
 This doesn't interfere with interoperating with the Subversion
 repository you cloned from, but if you wish for your local Git
 repository to be able to interoperate with someone else's local Git
 repository, either don't use this option or you should both use it in
-the same local timezone.
+the same local time zone.
 
 --parent;;
 	Fetch only from the SVN parent of the current HEAD.
@@ -127,8 +148,8 @@ the same local timezone.
 [verse]
 config key: svn-remote.<name>.ignore-paths
 +
-If the ignore-paths config key is set and the command line option is
-also given, both regular expressions will be used.
+If the ignore-paths configuration key is set, and the command-line
+option is also given, both regular expressions will be used.
 +
 Examples:
 +
@@ -146,6 +167,24 @@ Skip "branches" and "tags" of first level directories;;
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --
 
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	This allows one to specify a Perl regular expression that will
+	cause the inclusion of only matching paths from checkout from SVN.
+	The '--include-paths' option should match for every 'fetch'
+	(including automatic fetches due to 'clone', 'dcommit',
+	'rebase', etc) on a given repository. '--ignore-paths' takes
+	precedence over '--include-paths'.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn-remote.<name>.include-paths
+
+--log-window-size=<n>;;
+	Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history.
+	The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger
+	values may be needed for 'clone'/'fetch' to complete in reasonable
+	time. But overly large values may lead to higher memory usage and
+	request timeouts.
+
 'clone'::
 	Runs 'init' and 'fetch'.  It will automatically create a
 	directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it;
@@ -182,6 +221,9 @@ accept.  However, '--fetch-all' only fetches from the current
 +
 Like 'git rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean
 and have no uncommitted changes.
++
+This automatically updates the rev_map if needed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
 
 -l;;
 --local;;
@@ -189,18 +231,16 @@ and have no uncommitted changes.
 	last fetched commit from the upstream SVN.
 
 'dcommit'::
-	Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN
+	Commit each diff from the current branch directly to the SVN
 	repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
 	not there is a diff between SVN and head).  This will create
-	a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
-	It is recommended that you run 'git svn' fetch and rebase (not
-	pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the
-	SVN repository.
-	An optional revision or branch argument may be specified, and
-	causes 'git svn' to do all work on that revision/branch
-	instead of HEAD.
-	This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces
-	cleaner, more linear history.
+	a revision in SVN for each commit in Git.
++
+When an optional Git branch name (or a Git commit object name)
+is specified as an argument, the subcommand works on the specified
+branch, not on the current branch.
++
+Use of 'dcommit' is preferred to 'set-tree' (below).
 +
 --no-rebase;;
 	After committing, do not rebase or reset.
@@ -215,6 +255,10 @@ and have no uncommitted changes.
 config key: svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
 config key: svn.commiturl (overwrites all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl options)
 +
+Note that the SVN URL of the commiturl config key includes the SVN branch.
+If you rather want to set the commit URL for an entire SVN repository use
+svn-remote.<name>.pushurl instead.
++
 Using this option for any other purpose (don't ask) is very strongly
 discouraged.
 
@@ -238,9 +282,9 @@ first have already been pushed into SVN.
 	Ask the user to confirm that a patch set should actually be sent to SVN.
 	For each patch, one may answer "yes" (accept this patch), "no" (discard this
 	patch), "all" (accept all patches), or "quit".
-	+
-	'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer if "no" or "quit", without
-	commiting anything to SVN.
++
+'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer is "no" or "quit", without
+committing anything to SVN.
 
 'branch'::
 	Create a branch in the SVN repository.
@@ -254,13 +298,15 @@ first have already been pushed into SVN.
 	Create a tag by using the tags_subdir instead of the branches_subdir
 	specified during git svn init.
 
--d;;
---destination;;
+-d<path>;;
+--destination=<path>;;
+
 	If more than one --branches (or --tags) option was given to the 'init'
 	or 'clone' command, you must provide the location of the branch (or
-	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  The value of this
-	option must match one of the paths specified by a --branches (or
-	--tags) option.  You can see these paths with the commands
+	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  <path> specifies which
+	path to use to create the branch or tag and should match the pattern
+	on the left-hand side of one of the configured branches or tags
+	refspecs.  You can see these refspecs with the commands
 +
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.branches
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.tags
@@ -281,6 +327,11 @@ where <name> is the name of the SVN repository as specified by the -R option to
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
 +
 
+--parents;;
+	Create parent folders. This parameter is equivalent to the parameter
+	--parents on svn cp commands and is useful for non-standard repository
+	layouts.
+
 'tag'::
 	Create a tag in the SVN repository. This is a shorthand for
 	'branch -t'.
@@ -311,7 +362,7 @@ New features:
 +
 --
 --show-commit;;
-	shows the git commit sha1, as well
+	shows the Git commit sha1, as well
 --oneline;;
 	our version of --pretty=oneline
 --
@@ -323,24 +374,36 @@ environment). This command has the same behaviour.
 Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 
 'blame'::
-       Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The
-       output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of
-       `svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command,
-       local uncommitted changes in the working tree are ignored;
-       the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown
-       arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'.
+	Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The
+	output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of
+	`svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command,
+	local uncommitted changes in the working tree are ignored;
+	the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown
+	arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'.
 +
 --git-format;;
 	Produce output in the same format as 'git blame', but with
-	SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode,
+	SVN revision numbers instead of Git commit hashes. In this mode,
 	changes that haven't been committed to SVN (including local
 	working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0.
 
 'find-rev'::
 	When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the
-	corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
+	corresponding Git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
 	tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched).  When given a
 	tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number.
++
+-B;;
+--before;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision, instead find
+	the commit corresponding to the state of the SVN repository (on the
+	current branch) at the specified revision.
++
+-A;;
+--after;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision; if there is
+	not an exact match return the closest match searching forward in the
+	history.
 
 'set-tree'::
 	You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
@@ -363,7 +426,7 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 	the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
 
 'mkdirs'::
-	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track
+	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core Git cannot track
 	based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files.
 	Empty directories are automatically recreated when using
 	"git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended
@@ -396,13 +459,27 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 	Gets the Subversion property given as the first argument, for a
 	file.  A specific revision can be specified with -r/--revision.
 
+'propset'::
+	Sets the Subversion property given as the first argument, to the
+	value given as the second argument for the file given as the
+	third argument.
++
+Example:
++
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+git svn propset svn:keywords "FreeBSD=%H" devel/py-tipper/Makefile
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+This will set the property 'svn:keywords' to 'FreeBSD=%H' for the file
+'devel/py-tipper/Makefile'.
+
 'show-externals'::
 	Shows the Subversion externals.  Use -r/--revision to specify a
 	specific revision.
 
 'gc'::
-	Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files in .git/svn
-	and remove $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>index files in .git/svn.
+	Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files and remove
+	$GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/index files.
 
 'reset'::
 	Undoes the effects of 'fetch' back to the specified revision.
@@ -415,9 +492,10 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 	file cannot be ignored forever (with --ignore-paths) the only
 	way to repair the repo is to use 'reset'.
 +
-Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed.  Follow 'reset'
-with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to move local
-branches onto the new tree.
+Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
+Follow 'reset' with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to
+move local branches onto the new tree.
 
 -r <n>;;
 --revision=<n>;;
@@ -495,9 +573,9 @@ order.  Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
 +
 Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
 behind.  SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
-removed by default if there are no files left in them.  git
+removed by default if there are no files left in them.  Git
 cannot version empty directories.  Enabling this flag will make
-the commit to SVN act like git.
+the commit to SVN act like Git.
 +
 [verse]
 config key: svn.rmdir
@@ -553,25 +631,12 @@ config key: svn.authorsfile
 	Make 'git svn' less verbose. Specify a second time to make it
 	even less verbose.
 
---repack[=<n>]::
---repack-flags=<flags>::
-	These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches with
-	many revisions.
-+
---repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions
-to fetch before repacking.  This defaults to repacking every
-1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified.
-+
---repack-flags are passed directly to 'git repack'.
-+
-[verse]
-config key: svn.repack
-config key: svn.repackflags
-
 -m::
 --merge::
 -s<strategy>::
 --strategy=<strategy>::
+-p::
+--preserve-merges::
 	These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands.
 +
 Passed directly to 'git rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a
@@ -582,7 +647,7 @@ Passed directly to 'git rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a
 	This can be used with the 'dcommit', 'rebase', 'branch' and
 	'tag' commands.
 +
-For 'dcommit', print out the series of git arguments that would show
+For 'dcommit', print out the series of Git arguments that would show
 which diffs would be committed to SVN.
 +
 For 'rebase', display the local branch associated with the upstream svn
@@ -593,14 +658,14 @@ For 'branch' and 'tag', display the urls that will be used for copying when
 creating the branch or tag.
 
 --use-log-author::
-	When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
+	When retrieving svn commits into Git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
 	'dcommit' operations), look for the first `From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line
 	in the log message and use that as the author string.
 --add-author-from::
-	When committing to svn from git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
+	When committing to svn from Git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
 	operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a
 	`From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line, append a `From:` line based on the
-	git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
+	Git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
 	will retrieve a valid author string for all commits.
 
 
@@ -621,10 +686,19 @@ ADVANCED OPTIONS
 	Default: "svn"
 
 --follow-parent::
+	This option is only relevant if we are tracking branches (using
+	one of the repository layout options --trunk, --tags,
+	--branches, --stdlayout). For each tracked branch, try to find
+	out where its revision was copied from, and set
+	a suitable parent in the first Git commit for the branch.
 	This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
-	that has been moved around within the repository, or if we
-	started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was
-	descended from. This feature is enabled by default, use
+	that has been moved around within the repository.  If this
+	feature is disabled, the branches created by 'git svn' will all
+	be linear and not share any history, meaning that there will be
+	no information on where branches were branched off or merged.
+	However, following long/convoluted histories can take a long
+	time, so disabling this feature may speed up the cloning
+	process. This feature is enabled by default, use
 	--no-follow-parent to disable it.
 +
 [verse]
@@ -639,7 +713,7 @@ svn-remote.<name>.noMetadata::
 +
 This option can only be used for one-shot imports as 'git svn'
 will not be able to fetch again without metadata. Additionally,
-if you lose your .git/svn/**/.rev_map.* files, 'git svn' will not
+if you lose your '$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' files, 'git svn' will not
 be able to rebuild them.
 +
 The 'git svn log' command will not work on repositories using
@@ -648,7 +722,7 @@ option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.
 +
 This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down
 old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug
-reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to git
+reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git
 and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider
 linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] instead.  filter-branch also allows
 reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship
@@ -688,7 +762,7 @@ svn-remote.<name>.rewriteUUID::
 
 svn-remote.<name>.pushurl::
 
-	Similar to git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
+	Similar to Git's `remote.<name>.pushurl`, this key is designed
 	to be used in cases where 'url' points to an SVN repository
 	via a read-only transport, to provide an alternate read/write
 	transport. It is assumed that both keys point to the same
@@ -732,7 +806,8 @@ for rewriteRoot and rewriteUUID which can be used together.
 BASIC EXAMPLES
 --------------
 
-Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
+Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project
+(ignoring tags and branches):
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Clone a repo (like git clone):
@@ -741,15 +816,15 @@ Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
 	cd trunk
 # You should be on master branch, double-check with 'git branch'
 	git branch
-# Do some work and commit locally to git:
+# Do some work and commit locally to Git:
 	git commit ...
 # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
 # latest changes in SVN:
 	git svn rebase
-# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
+# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using Git) to SVN,
 # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
 	git svn dcommit
-# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
+# Append svn:ignore settings to the default Git exclude file:
 	git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -757,15 +832,17 @@ Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project
 (complete with a trunk, tags and branches):
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Clone a repo (like git clone):
-	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T trunk -b branches -t tags
+# Clone a repo with standard SVN directory layout (like git clone):
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project --stdlayout --prefix svn/
+# Or, if the repo uses a non-standard directory layout:
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T tr -b branch -t tag --prefix svn/
 # View all branches and tags you have cloned:
 	git branch -r
 # Create a new branch in SVN
-    git svn branch waldo
+	git svn branch waldo
 # Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk'
 # with the appropriate name):
-	git reset --hard remotes/trunk
+	git reset --hard svn/trunk
 # You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time.  The usage
 # of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be the same as above.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -779,7 +856,7 @@ have each person clone that repository with 'git clone':
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Do the initial import on a server
-	ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project
+	ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project [options...]"
 # Clone locally - make sure the refs/remotes/ space matches the server
 	mkdir project
 	cd project
@@ -787,31 +864,33 @@ have each person clone that repository with 'git clone':
 	git remote add origin server:/pub/project
 	git config --replace-all remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*'
 	git fetch
-# Prevent fetch/pull from remote git server in the future,
+# Prevent fetch/pull from remote Git server in the future,
 # we only want to use git svn for future updates
 	git config --remove-section remote.origin
 # Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched
 	git checkout -b master FETCH_HEAD
-# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and -T/-b/-t options as were used on server)
-	git svn init http://svn.example.com/project
+# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and
+# --stdlayout/-T/-b/-t/--prefix options as were used on server)
+	git svn init http://svn.example.com/project [options...]
 # Pull the latest changes from Subversion
 	git svn rebase
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE
 ---------------------
-
-Originally, 'git svn' recommended that the 'remotes/git-svn' branch be
-pulled or merged from.  This is because the author favored
+Prefer to use 'git svn rebase' or 'git rebase', rather than
+'git pull' or 'git merge' to synchronize unintegrated commits with a 'git svn'
+branch. Doing so will keep the history of unintegrated commits linear with
+respect to the upstream SVN repository and allow the use of the preferred
+'git svn dcommit' subcommand to push unintegrated commits back into SVN.
+
+Originally, 'git svn' recommended that developers pulled or merged from
+the 'git svn' branch.  This was because the author favored
 `git svn set-tree B` to commit a single head rather than the
-`git svn set-tree A..B` notation to commit multiple commits.
-
-If you use `git svn set-tree A..B` to commit several diffs and you do
-not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should
-use `git svn rebase` to update your work branch instead of `git pull` or
-`git merge`.  `pull`/`merge` can cause non-linear history to be flattened
-when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing
-previous commits in SVN.
+`git svn set-tree A..B` notation to commit multiple commits. Use of
+'git pull' or 'git merge' with `git svn set-tree A..B` will cause non-linear
+history to be flattened when committing into SVN and this can lead to merge
+commits unexpectedly reversing previous commits in SVN.
 
 MERGE TRACKING
 --------------
@@ -819,22 +898,68 @@ While 'git svn' can track
 copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a
 standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened
 inside git back upstream to SVN users.  Therefore it is advised that
-users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease
+users keep history as linear as possible inside Git to ease
 compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below).
 
+HANDLING OF SVN BRANCHES
+------------------------
+If 'git svn' is configured to fetch branches (and --follow-branches
+is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple Git branches for one
+SVN branch, where the additional branches have names of the form
+'branchname@nnn' (with nnn an SVN revision number).  These additional
+branches are created if 'git svn' cannot find a parent commit for the
+first commit in an SVN branch, to connect the branch to the history of
+the other branches.
+
+Normally, the first commit in an SVN branch consists
+of a copy operation. 'git svn' will read this commit to get the SVN
+revision the branch was created from. It will then try to find the
+Git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the
+parent of the branch. However, it is possible that there is no suitable
+Git commit to serve as parent.  This will happen, among other reasons,
+if the SVN branch is a copy of a revision that was not fetched by 'git
+svn' (e.g. because it is an old revision that was skipped with
+'--revision'), or if in SVN a directory was copied that is not tracked
+by 'git svn' (such as a branch that is not tracked at all, or a
+subdirectory of a tracked branch). In these cases, 'git svn' will still
+create a Git branch, but instead of using an existing Git commit as the
+parent of the branch, it will read the SVN history of the directory the
+branch was copied from and create appropriate Git commits.  This is
+indicated by the message "Initializing parent: <branchname>".
+
+Additionally, it will create a special branch named
+'<branchname>@<SVN-Revision>', where <SVN-Revision> is the SVN revision
+number the branch was copied from.  This branch will point to the newly
+created parent commit of the branch.  If in SVN the branch was deleted
+and later recreated from a different version, there will be multiple
+such branches with an '@'.
+
+Note that this may mean that multiple Git commits are created for a
+single SVN revision.
+
+An example: in an SVN repository with a standard
+trunk/tags/branches layout, a directory trunk/sub is created in r.100.
+In r.200, trunk/sub is branched by copying it to branches/. 'git svn
+clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new Git
+commits for r.100 through r.199 and use these as the history of branch
+'sub'. Thus there will be two Git commits for each revision from r.100
+to r.199 (one containing trunk/, one containing trunk/sub/). Finally,
+it will create a branch 'sub@200' pointing to the new parent commit of
+branch 'sub' (i.e. the commit for r.200 and trunk/sub/).
+
 CAVEATS
 -------
 
 For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with Subversion,
 it is recommended that all 'git svn' users clone, fetch and dcommit
 directly from the SVN server, and avoid all 'git clone'/'pull'/'merge'/'push'
-operations between git repositories and branches.  The recommended
-method of exchanging code between git branches and users is
+operations between Git repositories and branches.  The recommended
+method of exchanging code between Git branches and users is
 'git format-patch' and 'git am', or just 'dcommit'ing to the SVN repository.
 
 Running 'git merge' or 'git pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you
 plan to 'dcommit' from because Subversion users cannot see any
-merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch
+merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a Git branch
 that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong
 branch.
 
@@ -853,7 +978,7 @@ any 'git svn' metadata, or config.  So repositories created and managed with
 using 'git svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done
 at all.
 
-Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you 'git push' to
+Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any Git branches you 'git push' to
 before 'dcommit' on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref
 on the remote repository.  This is generally considered bad practice,
 see the linkgit:git-push[1] documentation for details.
@@ -863,12 +988,27 @@ already dcommitted.  It is considered bad practice to --amend commits
 you've already pushed to a remote repository for other users, and
 dcommit with SVN is analogous to that.
 
+When cloning an SVN repository, if none of the options for describing
+the repository layout is used (--trunk, --tags, --branches,
+--stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a Git repository with
+completely linear history, where branches and tags appear as separate
+directories in the working copy.  While this is the easiest way to get a
+copy of a complete repository, for projects with many branches it will
+lead to a working copy many times larger than just the trunk. Thus for
+projects using the standard directory structure (trunk/branches/tags),
+it is recommended to clone with option '--stdlayout'. If the project
+uses a non-standard structure, and/or if branches and tags are not
+required, it is easiest to only clone one directory (typically trunk),
+without giving any repository layout options.  If the full history with
+branches and tags is required, the options '--trunk' / '--branches' /
+'--tags' must be used.
+
 When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically
 handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have
 the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name).  In these cases,
-use 'init' to set up your git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
-the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with
-different name spaces.  For example:
+use 'init' to set up your Git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
+the $GIT_DIR/config file so that the branches and tags are associated
+with different name spaces.  For example:
 
 	branches = stable/*:refs/remotes/svn/stable/*
 	branches = debug/*:refs/remotes/svn/debug/*
@@ -879,18 +1019,24 @@ BUGS
 We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable.  Any unhandled
 properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
 
-Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
+Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not
 tracked when committing to SVN.  I do not plan on adding support for
 this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
-the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
+the possible corner cases (Git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
 renamed and copied files is fully supported if they're similar enough
-for git to detect them.
+for Git to detect them.
+
+In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag
+(because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a
+branch). When cloning an SVN repository, 'git svn' cannot know if such a
+commit to a tag will happen in the future. Thus it acts conservatively
+and imports all SVN tags as branches, prefixing the tag name with 'tags/'.
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
 'git svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
-repository .git/config file.  It is similar the core git
+repository $GIT_DIR/config file.  It is similar the core Git
 [remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
 arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
 and 'tags' keys.  Since some SVN repositories are oddly
@@ -902,6 +1048,8 @@ listed below are allowed:
 	url = http://server.org/svn
 	fetch = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
 	branches = branches/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	branches = branches/release_*:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/release_*
+	branches = branches/re*se:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
 	tags = tags/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -912,6 +1060,16 @@ independent path component (surrounded by '/' or EOL).   This
 type of configuration is not automatically created by 'init' and
 should be manually entered with a text-editor or using 'git config'.
 
+Also note that only one asterisk is allowed per word. For example:
+
+	branches = branches/re*se:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+
+will match branches 'release', 'rese', 're123se', however
+
+	branches = branches/re*s*e:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+
+will produce an error.
+
 It is also possible to fetch a subset of branches or tags by using a
 comma-separated list of names within braces. For example:
 
@@ -919,14 +1077,46 @@ comma-separated list of names within braces. For example:
 [svn-remote "huge-project"]
 	url = http://server.org/svn
 	fetch = trunk/src:refs/remotes/trunk
-	branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/branches/*
-	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/tags/*
+	branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Multiple fetch, branches, and tags keys are supported:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[svn-remote "messy-repo"]
+	url = http://server.org/svn
+	fetch = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
+	fetch = branches/demos/june-project-a-demo:refs/remotes/project-a/demos/june-demo
+	branches = branches/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	branches = branches/demos/2011/*:refs/remotes/project-a/2011-demos/*
+	tags = tags/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Creating a branch in such a configuration requires disambiguating which
+location to use using the -d or --destination flag:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git svn branch -d branches/server release-2-3-0
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Note that git-svn keeps track of the highest revision in which a branch
 or tag has appeared. If the subset of branches or tags is changed after
-fetching, then .git/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove (or
-reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate.
+fetching, then $GIT_DIR/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove
+(or reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate.
+
+FILES
+-----
+$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*::
+	Mapping between Subversion revision numbers and Git commit
+	names.  In a repository where the noMetadata option is not set,
+	this can be rebuilt from the git-svn-id: lines that are at the
+	end of every commit (see the 'svn.noMetadata' section above for
+	details).
++
+'git svn fetch' and 'git svn rebase' automatically update the rev_map
+if it is missing or not up to date.  'git svn reset' automatically
+rewinds it.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
index a45d4c4f29..ef68ad2b71 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ git-symbolic-ref(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-symbolic-ref - Read and modify symbolic refs
+git-symbolic-ref - Read, modify and delete symbolic refs
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git symbolic-ref' [-q] [-m <reason>] <name> [<ref>]
+'git symbolic-ref' [-m <reason>] <name> <ref>
+'git symbolic-ref' [-q] [--short] <name>
+'git symbolic-ref' --delete [-q] <name>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -20,6 +22,9 @@ argument to see which branch your working tree is on.
 Given two arguments, creates or updates a symbolic ref <name> to
 point at the given branch <ref>.
 
+Given `--delete` and an additional argument, deletes the given
+symbolic ref.
+
 A symbolic ref is a regular file that stores a string that
 begins with `ref: refs/`.  For example, your `.git/HEAD` is
 a regular file whose contents is `ref: refs/heads/master`.
@@ -27,12 +32,20 @@ a regular file whose contents is `ref: refs/heads/master`.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
+-d::
+--delete::
+	Delete the symbolic ref <name>.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Do not issue an error message if the <name> is not a
 	symbolic ref but a detached HEAD; instead exit with
 	non-zero status silently.
 
+--short::
+	When showing the value of <name> as a symbolic ref, try to shorten the
+	value, e.g. from `refs/heads/master` to `master`.
+
 -m::
 	Update the reflog for <name> with <reason>.  This is valid only
 	when creating or updating a symbolic ref.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 622a019eb0..6b89393746 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -9,36 +9,50 @@ git-tag - Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>]
+'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <keyid>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>]
 	<tagname> [<commit> | <object>]
 'git tag' -d <tagname>...
-'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [<pattern>...]
+'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]
+	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--create-reflog] [--sort=<key>]
+	[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]
 'git tag' -v <tagname>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Add a tag reference in `.git/refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given
+Add a tag reference in `refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given
 to delete, list or verify tags.
 
-Unless `-f` is given, the tag to be created must not yet exist in the
-`.git/refs/tags/` directory.
+Unless `-f` is given, the named tag must not yet exist.
 
-If one of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>` is passed, the command
+If one of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <keyid>` is passed, the command
 creates a 'tag' object, and requires a tag message.  Unless
 `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given, an editor is started for the user to type
 in the tag message.
 
-If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <key-id>`
+If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <keyid>`
 are absent, `-a` is implied.
 
-Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA1 object name of the commit object is
+Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA-1 object name of the commit object is
 created (i.e. a lightweight tag).
 
 A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u
-<key-id>` is used.  When `-u <key-id>` is not used, the
+<keyid>` is used.  When `-u <keyid>` is not used, the
 committer identity for the current user is used to find the
-GnuPG key for signing.
+GnuPG key for signing. 	The configuration variable `gpg.program`
+is used to specify custom GnuPG binary.
+
+Tag objects (created with `-a`, `-s`, or `-u`) are called "annotated"
+tags; they contain a creation date, the tagger name and e-mail, a
+tagging message, and an optional GnuPG signature. Whereas a
+"lightweight" tag is simply a name for an object (usually a commit
+object).
+
+Annotated tags are meant for release while lightweight tags are meant
+for private or temporary object labels. For this reason, some git
+commands for naming objects (like `git describe`) will ignore
+lightweight tags by default.
+
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -48,11 +62,11 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -s::
 --sign::
-	Make a GPG-signed tag, using the default e-mail address's key
+	Make a GPG-signed tag, using the default e-mail address's key.
 
--u <key-id>::
---local-user=<key-id>::
-	Make a GPG-signed tag, using the given key
+-u <keyid>::
+--local-user=<keyid>::
+	Make a GPG-signed tag, using the given key.
 
 -f::
 --force::
@@ -64,7 +78,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -v::
 --verify::
-	Verify the gpg signature of the given tag names.
+	Verify the GPG signature of the given tag names.
 
 -n<num>::
 	<num> specifies how many lines from the annotation, if any,
@@ -81,22 +95,47 @@ OPTIONS
 	using fnmatch(3)).  Multiple patterns may be given; if any of
 	them matches, the tag is shown.
 
---contains <commit>::
-	Only list tags which contain the specified commit.
+--sort=<key>::
+	Sort based on the key given.  Prefix `-` to sort in
+	descending order of the value. You may use the --sort=<key> option
+	multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
+	key. Also supports "version:refname" or "v:refname" (tag
+	names are treated as versions). The "version:refname" sort
+	order can also be affected by the
+	"versionsort.prereleaseSuffix" configuration variable.
+	The keys supported are the same as those in `git for-each-ref`.
+	Sort order defaults to the value configured for the `tag.sort`
+	variable if it exists, or lexicographic order otherwise. See
+	linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+--column[=<options>]::
+--no-column::
+	Display tag listing in columns. See configuration variable
+	column.tag for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
+	without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
++
+This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
+
+--contains [<commit>]::
+	Only list tags which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
+	specified).
+
+--points-at <object>::
+	Only list tags of the given object.
 
 -m <msg>::
 --message=<msg>::
 	Use the given tag message (instead of prompting).
 	If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
 	concatenated as separate paragraphs.
-	Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
+	Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <keyid>`
 	is given.
 
 -F <file>::
 --file=<file>::
 	Take the tag message from the given file.  Use '-' to
 	read the message from the standard input.
-	Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
+	Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <keyid>`
 	is given.
 
 --cleanup=<mode>::
@@ -106,22 +145,41 @@ OPTIONS
 	all, 'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines and
 	'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
 
+--create-reflog::
+	Create a reflog for the tag.
+
 <tagname>::
 	The name of the tag to create, delete, or describe.
 	The new tag name must pass all checks defined by
 	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].  Some of these checks
 	may restrict the characters allowed in a tag name.
 
+<commit>::
+<object>::
+	The object that the new tag will refer to, usually a commit.
+	Defaults to HEAD.
+
+<format>::
+	A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from the object
+	pointed at by a ref being shown.  The format is the same as
+	that of linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1].  When unspecified,
+	defaults to `%(refname:strip=2)`.
+
+--[no-]merged [<commit>]::
+	Only list tags whose tips are reachable, or not reachable
+	if '--no-merged' is used, from the specified commit ('HEAD'
+	if not specified).
+
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 By default, 'git tag' in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
-committer identity (of the form "Your Name <your@email.address>") to
+committer identity (of the form `Your Name <your@email.address>`) to
 find a key.  If you want to use a different default key, you can specify
 it in the repository configuration as follows:
 
 -------------------------------------
 [user]
-    signingkey = <gpg-key-id>
+    signingKey = <gpg-keyid>
 -------------------------------------
 
 
@@ -228,7 +286,7 @@ $ git pull git://git..../proj.git master
 In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow the other
 person's tags.
 
-One important aspect of git is its distributed nature, which
+One important aspect of Git is its distributed nature, which
 largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or
 "downstream" in the system.  On the face of it, the above
 example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
@@ -279,6 +337,7 @@ include::date-formats.txt[]
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].
+linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 346e7a2079..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-git-tar-tree(1)
-===============
-
-NAME
-----
-git-tar-tree - Create a tar archive of the files in the named tree object
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git tar-tree' [--remote=<repo>] <tree-ish> [ <base> ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-THIS COMMAND IS DEPRECATED.  Use 'git archive' with `--format=tar`
-option instead (and move the <base> argument to `--prefix=base/`).
-
-Creates a tar archive containing the tree structure for the named tree.
-When <base> is specified it is added as a leading path to the files in the
-generated tar archive.
-
-'git tar-tree' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when given
-a commit ID or tag ID.  In the first case the current time is used as
-modification time of each file in the archive.  In the latter case the
-commit time as recorded in the referenced commit object is used instead.
-Additionally the commit ID is stored in a global extended pax header.
-It can be extracted using 'git get-tar-commit-id'.
-
-OPTIONS
--------
-
-<tree-ish>::
-	The tree or commit to produce tar archive for.  If it is
-	the object name of a commit object.
-
-<base>::
-	Leading path to the files in the resulting tar archive.
-
---remote=<repo>::
-	Instead of making a tar archive from local repository,
-	retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository.
-
-CONFIGURATION
--------------
-
-tar.umask::
-	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
-	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
-	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
-	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) for
-	details.
-
-EXAMPLES
---------
-`git tar-tree HEAD junk | (cd /var/tmp/ && tar xf -)`::
-
-	Create a tar archive that contains the contents of the
-	latest commit on the current branch, and extracts it in
-	`/var/tmp/junk` directory.
-
-`git tar-tree v1.4.0 git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`::
-
-	Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release.
-
-`git tar-tree v1.4.0{caret}\{tree\} git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`::
-
-	Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a
-	global extended pax header.
-
-`git tar-tree --remote=example.com:git.git v1.4.0 >git-1.4.0.tar`::
-
-	Get a tarball v1.4.0 from example.com.
-
-`git tar-tree HEAD:Documentation/ git-docs > git-1.4.0-docs.tar`::
-
-	Put everything in the current head's Documentation/ directory
-	into 'git-1.4.0-docs.tar', with the prefix 'git-docs/'.
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tools.txt b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
index a96403cb8c..2f4ff50156 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tools.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
@@ -1,118 +1,10 @@
-A short git tools survey
-========================
+Git Tools
+=========
 
+When Git was young, people looking for third-party Git-related tools came
+to the Git project itself to find them, thus a list of such tools was
+maintained here. These days, however, search engines fill that role much
+more efficiently, so this manually-maintained list has been retired.
 
-Introduction
-------------
-
-Apart from git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
-you may want to look.
-
-This document presents a brief summary of each tool and the corresponding
-link.
-
-
-Alternative/Augmentative Porcelains
------------------------------------
-
-   - *Cogito* (http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/cogito/)
-
-   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the git tree history
-   storage system. It aims at seamless user interface and ease of use,
-   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core GIT
-   itself and indeed many other version control systems.
-
-   Cogito is no longer maintained as most of its functionality
-   is now in core GIT.
-
-
-   - *pg* (http://www.spearce.org/category/projects/scm/pg/)
-
-   pg is a shell script wrapper around GIT to help the user manage a set of
-   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGIT, but it does have a
-   slightly different feature set.
-
-
-   - *StGit* (http://www.procode.org/stgit/)
-
-   Stacked GIT provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
-   GIT environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of GIT
-   until they get merged upstream.
-
-
-History Viewers
----------------
-
-   - *gitk* (shipped with git-core)
-
-   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of GIT repositories easily.
-
-
-   - *gitview*  (contrib/)
-
-   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for git
-
-
-   - *gitweb* (shipped with git-core)
-
-   GITweb provides full-fledged web interface for GIT repositories.
-
-
-   - *qgit* (http://digilander.libero.it/mcostalba/)
-
-   QGit is a git/StGIT GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
-   to browse history and directory tree, view annotated files, commit
-   changes cherry picking single files or applying patches.
-   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the git
-   viewers and commit tools.
-
-   - *tig* (http://jonas.nitro.dk/tig/)
-
-   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple git repository browser
-   written using ncurses. Basically, it just acts as a front-end
-   for git-log and git-show/git-diff. Additionally, you can also
-   use it as a pager for git commands.
-
-
-Foreign SCM interface
----------------------
-
-   - *git-svn* (shipped with git-core)
-
-   git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
-   branch and git.
-
-
-   - *quilt2git / git2quilt* (http://home-tj.org/wiki/index.php/Misc)
-
-   These utilities convert patch series in a quilt repository and commit
-   series in git back and forth.
-
-
-   - *hg-to-git* (contrib/)
-
-   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a git one, and
-   preserves the full branch history in the process. hg-to-git can
-   also be used in an incremental way to keep the git repository
-   in sync with the master Mercurial repository.
-
-
-Others
-------
-
-   - *(h)gct* (http://www.cyd.liu.se/users/~freku045/gct/)
-
-   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for git and
-   Mercurial (hg). It allows the user to view diffs, select which files
-   to committed (or ignored / reverted) write commit messages and
-   perform the commit itself.
-
-   - *git.el* (contrib/)
-
-   This is an Emacs interface for git. The user interface is modeled on
-   pcl-cvs. It has been developed on Emacs 21 and will probably need some
-   tweaking to work on XEmacs.
-
-
-http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/InterfacesFrontendsAndTools has more
-comprehensive list.
+See also the `contrib/` area, and the Git wiki:
+http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/InterfacesFrontendsAndTools
diff --git a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
index ff23494e70..3e887d1610 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-unpack-objects - Unpack objects from a packed archive
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] <pack-file
+'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict]
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ the objects contained within and writing them into the repository in
 "loose" (one object per file) format.
 
 Objects that already exist in the repository will *not* be unpacked
-from the pack-file.  Therefore, nothing will be unpacked if you use
-this command on a pack-file that exists within the target repository.
+from the packfile.  Therefore, nothing will be unpacked if you use
+this command on a packfile that exists within the target repository.
 
 See linkgit:git-repack[1] for options to generate
 new packs and replace existing ones.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
index a3081f4e23..c6cbed189c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
@@ -12,14 +12,16 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git update-index'
 	     [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
 	     [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
-	     [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
+	     [(--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<file>)...]
 	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
-	     [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
-	     [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
+	     [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
+	     [--[no-]skip-worktree]
 	     [--ignore-submodules]
+	     [--[no-]split-index]
+	     [--[no-|test-|force-]untracked-cache]
 	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
 	     [--info-only] [--index-info]
-	     [-z] [--stdin]
+	     [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
 	     [--verbose]
 	     [--] [<file>...]
 
@@ -68,8 +70,12 @@ OPTIONS
 --ignore-missing::
 	Ignores missing files during a --refresh
 
+--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<path>::
 --cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
-	Directly insert the specified info into the index.
+	Directly insert the specified info into the index.  For
+	backward compatibility, you can also give these three
+	arguments as three separate parameters, but new users are
+	encouraged to use a single-parameter form.
 
 --index-info::
         Read index information from stdin.
@@ -77,22 +83,19 @@ OPTIONS
 --chmod=(+|-)x::
         Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
 
---assume-unchanged::
---no-assume-unchanged::
-	When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
-	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, these options
-	set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
-	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
-	checking the working tree files for possible
-	modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
-	tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
+--[no-]assume-unchanged::
+	When this flag is specified, the object names recorded
+	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, this option
+	sets/unsets the "assume unchanged" bit for the
+	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, the user
+	promises not to change the file and allows Git to assume
+	that the working tree file matches what is recorded in
+	the index.  If you want to change the working tree file,
+	you need to unset the bit to tell Git.  This is
 	sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
 	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
 	(e.g. cifs).
 +
-This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism
-to ignore uncommitted changes in tracked files (akin to what
-`.gitignore` does for untracked files).
 Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
 in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
 thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
@@ -102,8 +105,7 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually.
 	Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
 	without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
 
---skip-worktree::
---no-skip-worktree::
+--[no-]skip-worktree::
 	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
 	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
@@ -143,10 +145,60 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually.
 --verbose::
         Report what is being added and removed from index.
 
+--index-version <n>::
+	Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
+	Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2
+	or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as
+	`git add -N`.
++
+Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index
+size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load
+time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in in 1.8.0 in
+October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2
+may not support it yet.
+
 -z::
 	Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
 	separated with NUL character instead of LF.
 
+--split-index::
+--no-split-index::
+	Enable or disable split index mode. If enabled, the index is
+	split into two files, $GIT_DIR/index and $GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>.
+	Changes are accumulated in $GIT_DIR/index while the shared
+	index file contains all index entries stays unchanged. If
+	split-index mode is already enabled and `--split-index` is
+	given again, all changes in $GIT_DIR/index are pushed back to
+	the shared index file. This mode is designed for very large
+	indexes that take a significant amount of time to read or write.
+
+--untracked-cache::
+--no-untracked-cache::
+	Enable or disable untracked cache feature. Please use
+	`--test-untracked-cache` before enabling it.
++
+These options take effect whatever the value of the `core.untrackedCache`
+configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning is
+emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as the
+configured value will take effect next time the index is read and this
+will remove the intended effect of the option.
+
+--test-untracked-cache::
+	Only perform tests on the working directory to make sure
+	untracked cache can be used. You have to manually enable
+	untracked cache using `--untracked-cache` or
+	`--force-untracked-cache` or the `core.untrackedCache`
+	configuration variable afterwards if you really want to use
+	it. If a test fails the exit code is 1 and a message
+	explains what is not working as needed, otherwise the exit
+	code is 0 and OK is printed.
+
+--force-untracked-cache::
+	Same as `--untracked-cache`. Provided for backwards
+	compatibility with older versions of Git where
+	`--untracked-cache` used to imply `--test-untracked-cache` but
+	this option would enable the extension unconditionally.
+
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
@@ -177,7 +229,7 @@ merging.
 To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:
 
 ----------------
-$ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path
+$ git update-index --cacheinfo <mode>,<sha1>,<path>
 ----------------
 
 '--info-only' is used to register files without placing them in the object
@@ -235,7 +287,7 @@ $ git update-index --index-info
 ------------
 
 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
-path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
+path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
 for that path.  After the above, we would end up with this:
 
@@ -249,18 +301,18 @@ $ git ls-files -s
 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
 ------------------------------
 
-Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
+Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an
 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
 the index file.  Unfortunately, some filesystems have
 inefficient `lstat(2)`.  If your filesystem is one of them, you
 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
-cause git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
-path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
-see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
+cause Git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
+path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to
+see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and
 assume it has *not* changed.  When you make changes to working
-tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
+tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping
 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
 
 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
@@ -270,7 +322,7 @@ have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
 
 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  When
 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
-paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
+paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
 unchanged".  Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
@@ -336,6 +388,37 @@ Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
 different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes
 precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.
 
+Untracked cache
+---------------
+
+This cache is meant to speed up commands that involve determining
+untracked files such as `git status`.
+
+This feature works by recording the mtime of the working tree
+directories and then omitting reading directories and stat calls
+against files in those directories whose mtime hasn't changed. For
+this to work the underlying operating system and file system must
+change the `st_mtime` field of directories if files in the directory
+are added, modified or deleted.
+
+You can test whether the filesystem supports that with the
+`--test-untracked-cache` option. The `--untracked-cache` option used
+to implicitly perform that test in older versions of Git, but that's
+no longer the case.
+
+If you want to enable (or disable) this feature, it is easier to use
+the `core.untrackedCache` configuration variable (see
+linkgit:git-config[1]) than using the `--untracked-cache` option to
+`git update-index` in each repository, especially if you want to do so
+across all repositories you use, because you can set the configuration
+variable to `true` (or `false`) in your `$HOME/.gitconfig` just once
+and have it affect all repositories you touch.
+
+When the `core.untrackedCache` configuration variable is changed, the
+untracked cache is added to or removed from the index the next time a
+command reads the index; while when `--[no-|force-]untracked-cache`
+are used, the untracked cache is immediately added to or removed from
+the index.
 
 Configuration
 -------------
@@ -361,6 +444,9 @@ It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
 something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
 ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
+The untracked cache extension can be enabled by the
+`core.untrackedCache` configuration variable (see
+linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
index d377a35243..969bfab2ab 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-update-ref - Update the object name stored in a ref safely
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>])
+'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] [--create-reflog] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>] | --stdin [-z])
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -58,6 +58,67 @@ archive by creating a symlink tree).
 With `-d` flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it
 still contains <oldvalue>.
 
+With `--stdin`, update-ref reads instructions from standard input and
+performs all modifications together.  Specify commands of the form:
+
+	update SP <ref> SP <newvalue> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	create SP <ref> SP <newvalue> LF
+	delete SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	verify SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	option SP <opt> LF
+
+With `--create-reflog`, update-ref will create a reflog for each ref
+even if one would not ordinarily be created.
+
+Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source
+code; i.e., surrounded by double-quotes and with backslash escapes.
+Use 40 "0" characters or the empty string to specify a zero value.  To
+specify a missing value, omit the value and its preceding SP entirely.
+
+Alternatively, use `-z` to specify in NUL-terminated format, without
+quoting:
+
+	update SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	create SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL
+	delete SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	option SP <opt> NUL
+
+In this format, use 40 "0" to specify a zero value, and use the empty
+string to specify a missing value.
+
+In either format, values can be specified in any form that Git
+recognizes as an object name.  Commands in any other format or a
+repeated <ref> produce an error.  Command meanings are:
+
+update::
+	Set <ref> to <newvalue> after verifying <oldvalue>, if given.
+	Specify a zero <newvalue> to ensure the ref does not exist
+	after the update and/or a zero <oldvalue> to make sure the
+	ref does not exist before the update.
+
+create::
+	Create <ref> with <newvalue> after verifying it does not
+	exist.  The given <newvalue> may not be zero.
+
+delete::
+	Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <oldvalue>, if
+	given.  If given, <oldvalue> may not be zero.
+
+verify::
+	Verify <ref> against <oldvalue> but do not change it.  If
+	<oldvalue> zero or missing, the ref must not exist.
+
+option::
+	Modify behavior of the next command naming a <ref>.
+	The only valid option is `no-deref` to avoid dereferencing
+	a symbolic ref.
+
+If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s
+simultaneously, all modifications are performed.  Otherwise, no
+modifications are performed.  Note that while each individual
+<ref> is updated or deleted atomically, a concurrent reader may
+still see a subset of the modifications.
 
 Logging Updates
 ---------------
@@ -73,7 +134,7 @@ in ref value.  Log lines are formatted as:
 Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously
 stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of
 <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer's name, email address
-and date in the standard GIT committer ident format.
+and date in the standard Git committer ident format.
 
 Optionally with -m:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
index 4d52d3833a..fba0f1c1b2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 git-upload-archive(1)
-====================
+=====================
 
 NAME
 ----
@@ -14,12 +14,44 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Invoked by 'git archive --remote' and sends a generated archive to the
-other end over the git protocol.
+other end over the Git protocol.
 
 This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.  The UI
 for the protocol is on the 'git archive' side, and the program pair
 is meant to be used to get an archive from a remote repository.
 
+SECURITY
+--------
+
+In order to protect the privacy of objects that have been removed from
+history but may not yet have been pruned, `git-upload-archive` avoids
+serving archives for commits and trees that are not reachable from the
+repository's refs.  However, because calculating object reachability is
+computationally expensive, `git-upload-archive` implements a stricter
+but easier-to-check set of rules:
+
+  1. Clients may request a commit or tree that is pointed to directly by
+     a ref. E.g., `git archive --remote=origin v1.0`.
+
+  2. Clients may request a sub-tree within a commit or tree using the
+     `ref:path` syntax. E.g., `git archive --remote=origin v1.0:Documentation`.
+
+  3. Clients may _not_ use other sha1 expressions, even if the end
+     result is reachable. E.g., neither a relative commit like `master^`
+     nor a literal sha1 like `abcd1234` is allowed, even if the result
+     is reachable from the refs.
+
+Note that rule 3 disallows many cases that do not have any privacy
+implications. These rules are subject to change in future versions of
+git, and the server accessed by `git archive --remote` may or may not
+follow these exact rules.
+
+If the config option `uploadArchive.allowUnreachable` is true, these
+rules are ignored, and clients may use arbitrary sha1 expressions.
+This is useful if you do not care about the privacy of unreachable
+objects, or if your object database is already publicly available for
+access via non-smart-http.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 <directory>::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
index 71f16083d6..822ad593af 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ git-upload-pack - Send objects packed back to git-fetch-pack
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git-upload-pack' [--strict] [--timeout=<n>] <directory>
-
+'git-upload-pack' [--[no-]strict] [--timeout=<n>] [--stateless-rpc]
+		  [--advertise-refs] <directory>
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Invoked by 'git fetch-pack', learns what
@@ -25,12 +25,22 @@ repository.  For push operations, see 'git send-pack'.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
---strict::
-	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no git directory.
+--[no-]strict::
+	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no Git directory.
 
 --timeout=<n>::
 	Interrupt transfer after <n> seconds of inactivity.
 
+--stateless-rpc::
+	Perform only a single read-write cycle with stdin and stdout.
+	This fits with the HTTP POST request processing model where
+	a program may read the request, write a response, and must exit.
+
+--advertise-refs::
+	Only the initial ref advertisement is output, and the program exits
+	immediately. This fits with the HTTP GET request model, where
+	no request content is received but a response must be produced.
+
 <directory>::
 	The repository to sync from.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-var.txt b/Documentation/git-var.txt
index 5317cc2474..44ff9541df 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-var.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-var.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-var(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-var - Show a git logical variable
+git-var - Show a Git logical variable
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Prints a git logical variable.
+Prints a Git logical variable.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -l::
 	Cause the logical variables to be listed. In addition, all the
-	variables of the git configuration file .git/config are listed
+	variables of the Git configuration file .git/config are listed
 	as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality
 	is deprecated in favor of `git config -l`.)
 
@@ -35,30 +35,29 @@ GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT::
     The author of a piece of code.
 
 GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT::
-    The person who put a piece of code into git.
+    The person who put a piece of code into Git.
 
 GIT_EDITOR::
-    Text editor for use by git commands.  The value is meant to be
+    Text editor for use by Git commands.  The value is meant to be
     interpreted by the shell when it is used.  Examples: `~/bin/vi`,
     `$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE`, `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe"
     --nofork`.  The order of preference is the `$GIT_EDITOR`
     environment variable, then `core.editor` configuration, then
-    `$VISUAL`, then `$EDITOR`, and then finally 'vi'.
+    `$VISUAL`, then `$EDITOR`, and then the default chosen at compile
+    time, which is usually 'vi'.
+ifdef::git-default-editor[]
+    The build you are using chose '{git-default-editor}' as the default.
+endif::git-default-editor[]
 
 GIT_PAGER::
-    Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+    Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
     is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
     is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
-    configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then finally 'less'.
-
-Diagnostics
------------
-You don't exist. Go away!::
-    The passwd(5) gecos field couldn't be read
-Your parents must have hated you!::
-    The passwd(5) gecos field is longer than a giant static buffer.
-Your sysadmin must hate you!::
-    The passwd(5) name field is longer than a giant static buffer.
+    configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
+    compile time (usually 'less').
+ifdef::git-default-pager[]
+    The build you are using chose '{git-default-pager}' as the default.
+endif::git-default-pager[]
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-commit.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92097f6673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-commit.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+git-verify-commit(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-verify-commit - Check the GPG signature of commits
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git verify-commit' <commit>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Validates the GPG signature created by 'git commit -S'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--raw::
+	Print the raw gpg status output to standard error instead of the normal
+	human-readable output.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Print the contents of the commit object before validating it.
+
+<commit>...::
+	SHA-1 identifiers of Git commit objects.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
index cd230769fd..61ca6d04c2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-verify-pack(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-verify-pack - Validate packed git archive files
+git-verify-pack - Validate packed Git archive files
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with the
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with the
 'git pack-objects' command and verifies idx file and the
 corresponding pack file.
 
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ OUTPUT FORMAT
 -------------
 When specifying the -v option the format used is:
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile
 
 for objects that are not deltified in the pack, and
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA1
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA-1
 
 for objects that are deltified.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
index 5ff76e892a..d590edcebd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
@@ -16,12 +16,16 @@ Validates the gpg signature created by 'git tag'.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+--raw::
+	Print the raw gpg status output to standard error instead of the normal
+	human-readable output.
+
 -v::
 --verbose::
 	Print the contents of the tag object before validating it.
 
 <tag>...::
-	SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects.
+	SHA-1 identifiers of Git tag objects.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
index c2bc87bc61..7daa28fd94 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-web{litdd}browse(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-web--browse - git helper script to launch a web browser
+git-web--browse - Git helper script to launch a web browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ The following browsers (or commands) are currently supported:
 * dillo
 * open (this is the default under Mac OS X GUI)
 * start (this is the default under MinGW)
+* cygstart (this is the default under Cygwin)
+* xdg-open
 
 Custom commands may also be specified.
 
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -c <conf.var>::
 --config=<conf.var>::
-	CONF.VAR is looked up in the git config files. If it's set,
+	CONF.VAR is looked up in the Git config files. If it's set,
 	then its value specifies the browser that should be used.
 
 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
@@ -60,14 +62,14 @@ CONF.VAR (from -c option) and web.browser
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The web browser can be specified using a configuration variable passed
-with the -c (or --config) command line option, or the 'web.browser'
+with the -c (or --config) command-line option, or the `web.browser`
 configuration variable if the former is not used.
 
 browser.<tool>.path
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can explicitly provide a full path to your preferred browser by
-setting the configuration variable 'browser.<tool>.path'. For example,
+setting the configuration variable `browser.<tool>.path`. For example,
 you can configure the absolute path to firefox by setting
 'browser.firefox.path'. Otherwise, 'git web{litdd}browse' assumes the tool
 is available in PATH.
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ browser.<tool>.cmd
 
 When the browser, specified by options or configuration variables, is
 not among the supported ones, then the corresponding
-'browser.<tool>.cmd' configuration variable will be looked up. If this
+`browser.<tool>.cmd` configuration variable will be looked up. If this
 variable exists then 'git web{litdd}browse' will treat the specified tool
 as a custom command and will use a shell eval to run the command with
 the URLs passed as arguments.
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ the URLs passed as arguments.
 Note about konqueror
 --------------------
 
-When 'konqueror' is specified by a command line option or a
+When 'konqueror' is specified by a command-line option or a
 configuration variable, we launch 'kfmclient' to try to open the HTML
 man page on an already opened konqueror in a new tab if possible.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
index 76c7f7eec5..8b63ceb00e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
@@ -13,43 +13,17 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
-command internally invokes 'git rev-list' piped to
-'git diff-tree', and takes command line options for both of
-these commands.
 
-This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.
+Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.
 
+New users are encouraged to use linkgit:git-log[1] instead.  The
+`whatchanged` command is essentially the same as linkgit:git-log[1]
+but defaults to show the raw format diff output and to skip merges.
 
-OPTIONS
--------
--p::
-	Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
-	output format that is useful only to tell the changed
-	paths and their nature of changes.
+The command is kept primarily for historical reasons; fingers of
+many people who learned Git long before `git log` was invented by
+reading Linux kernel mailing list are trained to type it.
 
--<n>::
-	Limit output to <n> commits.
-
-<since>..<until>::
-	Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
-	exclusive, top inclusive).
-
--r::
-	Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
-	not just the top level.
-
--m::
-	By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
-	With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
-	of its parents.
-+
-However, it is not very useful in general, although it
-*is* useful on a file-by-file basis.
-
-include::pretty-options.txt[]
-
-include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
 Examples
 --------
@@ -58,7 +32,7 @@ Examples
 	Show as patches the commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed
 	any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
 
-`git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk`::
+`git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
 
 	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
 	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c4cfb0885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+git-worktree(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-worktree - Manage multiple working trees
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<branch>]
+'git worktree list' [--porcelain]
+'git worktree prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Manage multiple working trees attached to the same repository.
+
+A git repository can support multiple working trees, allowing you to check
+out more than one branch at a time.  With `git worktree add` a new working
+tree is associated with the repository.  This new working tree is called a
+"linked working tree" as opposed to the "main working tree" prepared by "git
+init" or "git clone".  A repository has one main working tree (if it's not a
+bare repository) and zero or more linked working trees.
+
+When you are done with a linked working tree you can simply delete it.
+The working tree's administrative files in the repository (see
+"DETAILS" below) will eventually be removed automatically (see
+`gc.worktreePruneExpire` in linkgit:git-config[1]), or you can run
+`git worktree prune` in the main or any linked working tree to
+clean up any stale administrative files.
+
+If you move a linked working tree, you need to manually update the
+administrative files so that they do not get pruned automatically. See
+section "DETAILS" for more information.
+
+If a linked working tree is stored on a portable device or network share
+which is not always mounted, you can prevent its administrative files from
+being pruned by creating a file named 'locked' alongside the other
+administrative files, optionally containing a plain text reason that
+pruning should be suppressed. See section "DETAILS" for more information.
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+add <path> [<branch>]::
+
+Create `<path>` and checkout `<branch>` into it. The new working directory
+is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except working
+directory specific files such as HEAD, index, etc. `-` may also be
+specified as `<branch>`; it is synonymous with `@{-1}`.
++
+If `<branch>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detached` used,
+then, as a convenience, a new branch based at HEAD is created automatically,
+as if `-b $(basename <path>)` was specified.
+
+list::
+
+List details of each worktree.  The main worktree is listed first, followed by
+each of the linked worktrees.  The output details include if the worktree is
+bare, the revision currently checked out, and the branch currently checked out
+(or 'detached HEAD' if none).
+
+prune::
+
+Prune working tree information in $GIT_DIR/worktrees.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	By default, `add` refuses to create a new working tree when `<branch>`
+	is already checked out by another working tree. This option overrides
+	that safeguard.
+
+-b <new-branch>::
+-B <new-branch>::
+	With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at
+	`<branch>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new working tree.
+	If `<branch>` is omitted, it defaults to HEAD.
+	By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already
+	exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to
+	`<branch>`.
+
+--detach::
+	With `add`, detach HEAD in the new working tree. See "DETACHED HEAD"
+	in linkgit:git-checkout[1].
+
+--[no-]checkout::
+	By default, `add` checks out `<branch>`, however, `--no-checkout` can
+	be used to suppress checkout in order to make customizations,
+	such as configuring sparse-checkout. See "Sparse checkout"
+	in linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	With `prune`, do not remove anything; just report what it would
+	remove.
+
+--porcelain::
+	With `list`, output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts.
+	This format will remain stable across Git versions and regardless of user
+	configuration.  See below for details.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	With `prune`, report all removals.
+
+--expire <time>::
+	With `prune`, only expire unused working trees older than <time>.
+
+DETAILS
+-------
+Each linked working tree has a private sub-directory in the repository's
+$GIT_DIR/worktrees directory.  The private sub-directory's name is usually
+the base name of the linked working tree's path, possibly appended with a
+number to make it unique.  For example, when `$GIT_DIR=/path/main/.git` the
+command `git worktree add /path/other/test-next next` creates the linked
+working tree in `/path/other/test-next` and also creates a
+`$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next` directory (or `$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next1`
+if `test-next` is already taken).
+
+Within a linked working tree, $GIT_DIR is set to point to this private
+directory (e.g. `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` in the example) and
+$GIT_COMMON_DIR is set to point back to the main working tree's $GIT_DIR
+(e.g. `/path/main/.git`). These settings are made in a `.git` file located at
+the top directory of the linked working tree.
+
+Path resolution via `git rev-parse --git-path` uses either
+$GIT_DIR or $GIT_COMMON_DIR depending on the path. For example, in the
+linked working tree `git rev-parse --git-path HEAD` returns
+`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/HEAD` (not
+`/path/other/test-next/.git/HEAD` or `/path/main/.git/HEAD`) while `git
+rev-parse --git-path refs/heads/master` uses
+$GIT_COMMON_DIR and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`,
+since refs are shared across all working trees.
+
+See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for more information. The rule of
+thumb is do not make any assumption about whether a path belongs to
+$GIT_DIR or $GIT_COMMON_DIR when you need to directly access something
+inside $GIT_DIR. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path.
+
+If you move a linked working tree, you need to update the 'gitdir' file
+in the entry's directory. For example, if a linked working tree is moved
+to `/newpath/test-next` and its `.git` file points to
+`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next`, then update
+`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/gitdir` to reference `/newpath/test-next`
+instead.
+
+To prevent a $GIT_DIR/worktrees entry from being pruned (which
+can be useful in some situations, such as when the
+entry's working tree is stored on a portable device), add a file named
+'locked' to the entry's directory. The file contains the reason in
+plain text. For example, if a linked working tree's `.git` file points
+to `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` then a file named
+`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/locked` will prevent the
+`test-next` entry from being pruned.  See
+linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for details.
+
+LIST OUTPUT FORMAT
+------------------
+The worktree list command has two output formats.  The default format shows the
+details on a single line with columns.  For example:
+
+------------
+S git worktree list
+/path/to/bare-source            (bare)
+/path/to/linked-worktree        abcd1234 [master]
+/path/to/other-linked-worktree  1234abc  (detached HEAD)
+------------
+
+Porcelain Format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The porcelain format has a line per attribute.  Attributes are listed with a
+label and value separated by a single space.  Boolean attributes (like 'bare'
+and 'detached') are listed as a label only, and are only present if and only
+if the value is true.  An empty line indicates the end of a worktree.  For
+example:
+
+------------
+S git worktree list --porcelain
+worktree /path/to/bare-source
+bare
+
+worktree /path/to/linked-worktree
+HEAD abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234
+branch refs/heads/master
+
+worktree /path/to/other-linked-worktree
+HEAD 1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234a
+detached
+
+------------
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+You are in the middle of a refactoring session and your boss comes in and
+demands that you fix something immediately. You might typically use
+linkgit:git-stash[1] to store your changes away temporarily, however, your
+working tree is in such a state of disarray (with new, moved, and removed
+files, and other bits and pieces strewn around) that you don't want to risk
+disturbing any of it. Instead, you create a temporary linked working tree to
+make the emergency fix, remove it when done, and then resume your earlier
+refactoring session.
+
+------------
+$ git worktree add -b emergency-fix ../temp master
+$ pushd ../temp
+# ... hack hack hack ...
+$ git commit -a -m 'emergency fix for boss'
+$ popd
+$ rm -rf ../temp
+$ git worktree prune
+------------
+
+BUGS
+----
+Multiple checkout in general is still experimental, and the support
+for submodules is incomplete. It is NOT recommended to make multiple
+checkouts of a superproject.
+
+git-worktree could provide more automation for tasks currently
+performed manually, such as:
+
+- `remove` to remove a linked working tree and its administrative files (and
+  warn if the working tree is dirty)
+- `mv` to move or rename a working tree and update its administrative files
+- `lock` to prevent automatic pruning of administrative files (for instance,
+  for a working tree on a portable device)
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index da7d48787e..ca611c9f86 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ git - the stupid content tracker
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
+'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
+    [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
     [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
     [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
-    [-c <name>=<value>]
-    [--help] <command> [<args>]
+    <command> [<args>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -22,36 +22,254 @@ unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
 and full access to internals.
 
 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
-"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command.  CVS users may
-also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].  See
-the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
-introduction.
+linkgit:giteveryday[7] for a useful minimum set of
+commands.  The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more
+in-depth introduction.
 
-The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
-as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
+page to learn what commands Git offers.  You can learn more about
+individual Git commands with "git help command".  linkgit:gitcli[7]
+manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax.
 
-Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
-documentation can be viewed at
-`http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
+Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation
+can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`.
 
 ifdef::stalenotes[]
 [NOTE]
 ============
 
 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
-unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
+unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master'
 branch of the `git.git` repository.
 Documentation for older releases are available here:
 
-* link:v1.7.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8]
+* link:v2.9.0/git.html[documentation for release 2.9]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.9.0.txt[2.9].
+
+* link:v2.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.8.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.8.4.txt[2.8.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.8.3.txt[2.8.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.8.2.txt[2.8.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.8.1.txt[2.8.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.8.0.txt[2.8].
+
+* link:v2.7.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.7.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.7.3.txt[2.7.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.7.2.txt[2.7.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.7.1.txt[2.7.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.7.0.txt[2.7].
+
+* link:v2.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 2.6.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.6.6.txt[2.6.6],
+  link:RelNotes/2.6.5.txt[2.6.5],
+  link:RelNotes/2.6.4.txt[2.6.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.6.3.txt[2.6.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.6.2.txt[2.6.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.6.1.txt[2.6.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.6.0.txt[2.6].
+
+* link:v2.5.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.5.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.5.5.txt[2.5.5],
+  link:RelNotes/2.5.4.txt[2.5.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.5.3.txt[2.5.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.5.2.txt[2.5.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.5.1.txt[2.5.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.5.0.txt[2.5].
+
+* link:v2.4.11/git.html[documentation for release 2.4.11]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.11.txt[2.4.11],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.10.txt[2.4.10],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.9.txt[2.4.9],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.8.txt[2.4.8],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.7.txt[2.4.7],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.6.txt[2.4.6],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.5.txt[2.4.5],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.4.txt[2.4.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.3.txt[2.4.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.2.txt[2.4.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.1.txt[2.4.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.4.0.txt[2.4].
+
+* link:v2.3.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.10]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.10.txt[2.3.10],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.9.txt[2.3.9],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.8.txt[2.3.8],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.7.txt[2.3.7],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.6.txt[2.3.6],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.4.txt[2.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3].
+
+* link:v2.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.2.3.txt[2.2.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2].
+
+* link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1].
+
+* link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0].
+
+* link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0].
+
+* link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt[1.8.5.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5].
+
+* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4].
+
+* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
+
+* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
+
+* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
+
+* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0].
+
+* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12].
+
+* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11].
+
+* link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10].
+
+* link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
+
+* link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
 
-* link:v1.7.7.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.5]
+* link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
@@ -59,9 +277,10 @@ Documentation for older releases are available here:
   link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
 
-* link:v1.7.6.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.5]
+* link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
@@ -290,12 +509,12 @@ endif::stalenotes[]
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --version::
-	Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
+	Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
 
 --help::
 	Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
 	commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
-	available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
+	available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
 	option will bring up the manual page for that command.
 +
 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
@@ -303,29 +522,48 @@ displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
 help ...`.
 
+-C <path>::
+	Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
+	directory.  When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
+	non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
+	<path>`.
++
+This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
+`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
+made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For
+example the following invocations are equivalent:
+
+    git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
+    git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status
+
 -c <name>=<value>::
 	Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
 	given will override values from configuration files.
 	The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
 	'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
++
+Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets
+`foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a
+config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c
+foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string.
 
 --exec-path[=<path>]::
-	Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
+	Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
 	This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
 	environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
 	the current setting and then exit.
 
 --html-path::
-	Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
+	Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
 	documentation is installed and exit.
 
 --man-path::
 	Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
-	this version of git and exit.
+	this version of Git and exit.
 
 --info-path::
 	Print the path where the Info files documenting this
-	version of git are installed and exit.
+	version of Git are installed and exit.
 
 -p::
 --paginate::
@@ -335,11 +573,11 @@ help ...`.
 	below).
 
 --no-pager::
-	Do not pipe git output into a pager.
+	Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 
 --git-dir=<path>::
 	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
-	setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
+	setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute
 	path or relative path to current working directory.
 
 --work-tree=<path>::
@@ -351,7 +589,7 @@ help ...`.
 	more detailed discussion).
 
 --namespace=<path>::
-	Set the git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
+	Set the Git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
 	details.  Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
 	variable.
 
@@ -361,32 +599,34 @@ help ...`.
 	directory.
 
 --no-replace-objects::
-	Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
+	Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
 	linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
 
+--literal-pathspecs::
+	Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
+	This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
+	variable to `1`.
 
-FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
----------------------
+--glob-pathspecs::
+	Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling
+	globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+	magic ":(literal)"
 
-See the references above to get started using git.  The following is
-probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
+--noglob-pathspecs::
+	Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling
+	globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+	magic ":(glob)"
 
-The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
-user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
-introductions to the underlying git architecture.
-
-See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
-
-See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
-examples.
-
-The internals are documented in the
-link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
+--icase-pathspecs::
+	Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
 
 GIT COMMANDS
 ------------
 
-We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
+We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
 ("plumbing") commands.
 
 High-level commands (porcelain)
@@ -423,7 +663,7 @@ include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
 Low-level commands (plumbing)
 -----------------------------
 
-Although git includes its
+Although Git includes its
 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
 development of alternative porcelains.  Developers of such porcelains
 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
@@ -481,10 +721,9 @@ include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
 Configuration Mechanism
 -----------------------
 
-Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
-is used to hold per-repository configuration options.  It is a
-simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
-people.  Here is an example:
+Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
+repository and are per user.  Such a configuration file may look
+like this:
 
 ------------
 #
@@ -499,13 +738,13 @@ people.  Here is an example:
 ; user identity
 [user]
 	name = "Junio C Hamano"
-	email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+	email = "gitster@pobox.com"
 
 ------------
 
 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
 their operation accordingly.  See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
-list.
+list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
 
 
 Identifier Terminology
@@ -544,7 +783,7 @@ Identifier Terminology
 
 Symbolic Identifiers
 --------------------
-Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
+Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
 symbolic notation:
 
 HEAD::
@@ -580,90 +819,111 @@ Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 Environment Variables
 ---------------------
-Various git commands use the following environment variables:
+Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
 
-The git Repository
+The Git Repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
+These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
-git so take care if using Cogito etc.
+Git so take care if using a foreign front-end.
 
-'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
+`GIT_INDEX_FILE`::
 	This environment allows the specification of an alternate
 	index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
 	is used.
 
-'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
+`GIT_INDEX_VERSION`::
+	This environment variable allows the specification of an index
+	version for new repositories.  It won't affect existing index
+	files.  By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See
+	linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information.
+
+`GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`::
 	If the object storage directory is specified via this
 	environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
 	underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
 	directory is used.
 
-'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
-	Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
+`GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES`::
+	Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
 	archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
 	specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
-	of git object directories which can be used to search for git
+	of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
 	objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
 
-'GIT_DIR'::
-	If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
+`GIT_DIR`::
+	If the `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it
 	specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
 	for the base of the repository.
+	The '--git-dir' command-line option also sets this value.
 
-'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
-	Set the path to the working tree.  The value will not be
-	used in combination with repositories found automatically in
-	a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
-	This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
+`GIT_WORK_TREE`::
+	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
+	This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command-line
 	option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
 
-'GIT_NAMESPACE'::
-	Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
+`GIT_NAMESPACE`::
+	Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
 	The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
 
-'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
-	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
-	If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
-	up into while looking for a repository directory.
-	It will not exclude the current working directory or
-	a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
-	(Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
-
-'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
+`GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`::
+	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.  If
+	set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
+	into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
+	excluding slow-loading network directories).  It will not
+	exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
+	command line or in the environment.  Normally, Git has to read
+	the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
+	might be present in order to compare them with the current
+	directory.  However, if even this access is slow, you
+	can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
+	subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
+	e.g.,
+	`GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink`.
+
+`GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM`::
 	When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
-	directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
+	directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
 	directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
 	does not cross filesystem boundaries.  This environment variable
-	can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
-	boundaries.  Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
-	an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
+	can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
+	boundaries.  Like `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`, this will not affect
+	an explicit repository directory set via `GIT_DIR` or on the
 	command line.
 
-git Commits
+`GIT_COMMON_DIR`::
+	If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are
+	normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path
+	instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are
+	taken from $GIT_DIR. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] and
+	linkgit:git-worktree[1] for
+	details. This variable has lower precedence than other path
+	variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY...
+
+Git Commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
-'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
-'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
-'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
-'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
-'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
-'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
+`GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`::
+`GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`::
+`GIT_AUTHOR_DATE`::
+`GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`::
+`GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`::
+`GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`::
 'EMAIL'::
 	see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
 
-git Diffs
+Git Diffs
 ~~~~~~~~~
-'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
+`GIT_DIFF_OPTS`::
 	Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
 	number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
 	This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
-	value passed on the git diff command line.
+	value passed on the Git diff command line.
 
-'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
-	When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
+`GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF`::
+	When the environment variable `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is set, the
 	program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
 	described above.  For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
-        'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
+	`GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 7 parameters:
 
 	path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
 +
@@ -671,86 +931,242 @@ where:
 
 	<old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
                          contents of <old|new>,
-	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
+	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
 	<old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
 +
 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
-index).  'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
-temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
+index).  `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` should not worry about unlinking the
+temporary file --- it is removed when `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` exits.
 +
-For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
+For a path that is unmerged, `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 1
 parameter, <path>.
++
+For each path `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called, two environment variables,
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER` and `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL` are set.
+
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER`::
+	A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
+
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL`::
+	The total number of paths.
 
 other
 ~~~~~
-'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
+`GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY`::
 	A number controlling the amount of output shown by
 	the recursive merge strategy.  Overrides merge.verbosity.
 	See linkgit:git-merge[1]
 
-'GIT_PAGER'::
+`GIT_PAGER`::
 	This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
-	to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
+	to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
 	a pager.  See also the `core.pager` option in
 	linkgit:git-config[1].
 
-'GIT_SSH'::
-	If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
-	and 'git push' will use this command instead
-	of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
-	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
-	the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
-	shell command to execute on that remote system.
+`GIT_EDITOR`::
+	This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
+	It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
+	an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
+	and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+`GIT_SSH`::
+`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`::
+	If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'
+	and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'
+	when they need to connect to a remote system.
+	The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the
+	'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell
+	command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by
+	'-p' (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies
+	something other than the default SSH port.
 +
-To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
-you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
-then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
+`$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted
+by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
+`$GIT_SSH` on the other hand must be just the path to a program
+(which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are
+needed).
 +
 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
 personal `.ssh/config` file.  Please consult your ssh documentation
 for further details.
 
-'GIT_ASKPASS'::
-	If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
+`GIT_ASKPASS`::
+	If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
 	acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
-	will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
-	and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
+	will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument
+	and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the `core.askPass`
 	option in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
-'GIT_FLUSH'::
+`GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT`::
+	If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt
+	on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
+
+`GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.  This environment variable can
+	be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
+	predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
+	temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
+	waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
+
+`GIT_FLUSH`::
 	If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
 	as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
-	and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
-	after each commit-oriented record have been flushed.   If this
+	'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
+	force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
+	flushed. If this
 	variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
 	using completely buffered I/O.   If this environment variable is
-	not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+	not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
 	based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
 
-'GIT_TRACE'::
-	If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
-	is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
-	stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
-	execution and external command execution.
-	If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
-	and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
-	value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
-	trace messages into this file descriptor.
-	Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
-	(starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
-	as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
-	into it.
+`GIT_TRACE`::
+	Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in
+	command execution and external command execution.
++
+If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
+is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
+stderr.
++
+If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
+and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
+value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
+trace messages into this file descriptor.
++
+Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
+(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
+as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
+into it.
++
+Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
+"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`::
+	Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
+	access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
+	recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
+	pack-related performance problems.
+	See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PACKET`::
+	Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a
+	given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation
+	or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet
+	starting with "PACK" (but see `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE` below).
+	See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE`::
+	Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a
+	given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is
+	verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost
+	certainly want to direct into a file (e.g.,
+	`GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack`) rather than displaying it on
+	the terminal or mixing it with other trace output.
++
+Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side
+of clones and fetches.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`::
+	Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution
+	time of each Git command.
+	See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_SETUP`::
+	Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
+	working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
+	See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW`::
+	Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /
+	cloning of shallow repositories.
+	See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_CURL`::
+	Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,
+	including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.
+	This is similar to doing curl `--trace-ascii` on the command line.
+	This option overrides setting the `GIT_CURL_VERBOSE` environment
+	variable.
+	See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
+	running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
+	for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
+	glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
+	literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
+	`git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
+
+`GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS`::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
+
+`GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS`::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
+
+`GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS`::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as case-insensitive.
+
+`GIT_REFLOG_ACTION`::
+	When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
+	track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
+	typically the name of the high-level command that updated
+	the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
+	A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
+	helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this
+	variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
+	end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
+
+`GIT_REF_PARANOIA`::
+	If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating
+	over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this
+	does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and
+	abort some operations in the presence of broken refs. Git sets
+	this variable automatically when performing destructive
+	operations like linkgit:git-prune[1]. You should not need to set
+	it yourself unless you want to be paranoid about making sure
+	an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are
+	cloning a repository to make a backup).
+
+`GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL`::
+	If set, provide a colon-separated list of protocols which are
+	allowed to be used with fetch/push/clone. This is useful to
+	restrict recursive submodule initialization from an untrusted
+	repository. Any protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e.,
+	this is a whitelist, not a blacklist). If the variable is not
+	set at all, all protocols are enabled.  The protocol names
+	currently used by git are:
+
+	  - `file`: any local file-based path (including `file://` URLs,
+	    or local paths)
+
+	  - `git`: the anonymous git protocol over a direct TCP
+	    connection (or proxy, if configured)
+
+	  - `ssh`: git over ssh (including `host:path` syntax,
+	    `ssh://`, etc).
+
+	  - `http`: git over http, both "smart http" and "dumb http".
+	    Note that this does _not_ include `https`; if you want both,
+	    you should specify both as `http:https`.
+
+	  - any external helpers are named by their protocol (e.g., use
+	    `hg` to allow the `git-remote-hg` helper)
+
 
 Discussion[[Discussion]]
 ------------------------
 
 More detail on the following is available from the
-link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
 
-A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
 subdirectory at the top level.  The .git directory contains, among other
 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
@@ -767,7 +1183,7 @@ The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
 represents an immediately preceding step.  Commits with more than one
 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
 
-All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
+All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
 written as a string of 40 hex digits.  Such names are globally unique.
 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
 just that commit.  A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
@@ -777,9 +1193,9 @@ When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
 
 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history.  A ref
-may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
-with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
-recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA1 names of
+may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA-1 names of
 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`.  A special ref named
 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
 
@@ -796,12 +1212,37 @@ The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
 for a given pathname.  These stages are used to hold the various
 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
 
+FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
+---------------------
+
+See the references in the "description" section to get started
+using Git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
+for a first-time user.
+
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
+introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
+
+See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
+
+See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
+examples.
+
+The internals are documented in the
+link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
+
+Users migrating from CVS may also want to
+read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
+
 Authors
 -------
 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
-C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
-<git@vger.kernel.org>. For a more complete list of contributors, see
-http://git-scm.com/about. If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
+C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>.  http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary
+gives you a more complete list of contributors.
+
+If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
 the authors for specific parts of the project.
 
@@ -815,7 +1256,7 @@ subscribed to the list to send a message there.
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index a85b187e04..8882a3e914 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ When more than one pattern matches the path, a later line
 overrides an earlier line.  This overriding is done per
 attribute.  The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
 same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
+Unlike `.gitignore`, negative patterns are forbidden.
 
-When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
+When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, Git
 consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
 precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
 path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
@@ -66,6 +67,11 @@ is from the path in question, the lower its precedence). Finally
 global and system-wide files are considered (they have the lowest
 precedence).
 
+When the `.gitattributes` file is missing from the work tree, the
+path in the index is used as a fall-back.  During checkout process,
+`.gitattributes` in the index is used and then the file in the
+working tree is used as a fall-back.
+
 If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign
 attributes to files that are particular to
 one user's workflow for that repository), then
@@ -74,7 +80,9 @@ Attributes which should be version-controlled and distributed to other
 repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into
 `.gitattributes` files. Attributes that should affect all repositories
 for a single user should be placed in a file specified by the
-`core.attributesfile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+`core.attributesFile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead.
 Attributes for all users on a system should be placed in the
 `$(prefix)/etc/gitattributes` file.
 
@@ -86,7 +94,7 @@ the name of the attribute prefixed with an exclamation point `!`.
 EFFECTS
 -------
 
-Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning
+Certain operations by Git can be influenced by assigning
 particular attributes to a path.  Currently, the following
 operations are attributes-aware.
 
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ Checking-out and checking-in
 These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
 repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
 such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run.  They also affect how
-git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
+Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
 repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'.
 
 `text`
@@ -116,22 +124,22 @@ Set::
 
 Unset::
 
-	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells git not to
+	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells Git not to
 	attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout.
 
 Set to string value "auto"::
 
 	When `text` is set to "auto", the path is marked for automatic
-	end-of-line normalization.  If git decides that the content is
+	end-of-line normalization.  If Git decides that the content is
 	text, its line endings are normalized to LF on checkin.
 
 Unspecified::
 
-	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, git uses the
+	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, Git uses the
 	`core.autocrlf` configuration variable to determine if the
 	file should be converted.
 
-Any other value causes git to act as if `text` has been left
+Any other value causes Git to act as if `text` has been left
 unspecified.
 
 `eol`
@@ -143,13 +151,13 @@ content checks, effectively setting the `text` attribute.
 
 Set to string value "crlf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings for this
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings for this
 	file on checkin and convert them to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
 Set to string value "lf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings to LF on
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings to LF on
 	checkin and prevents conversion to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
@@ -168,11 +176,11 @@ crlf=input	eol=lf
 End-of-line conversion
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-While git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
+While Git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
 normalize line endings to LF in the repository and, optionally, to
 convert them to CRLF when files are checked out.
 
-Here is an example that will make git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
+Here is an example that will make Git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
 files, ensure that .vcproj files have CRLF and .sh files have LF in
 the working directory, and prevent .jpg files from being normalized
 regardless of their content.
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@ regardless of their content.
 
 Other source code management systems normalize all text files in their
 repositories, and there are two ways to enable similar automatic
-normalization in git.
+normalization in Git.
 
 If you simply want to have CRLF line endings in your working directory
 regardless of the repository you are working with, you can set the
@@ -211,9 +219,9 @@ attribute to "auto" for _all_ files.
 *	text=auto
 ------------------------
 
-This ensures that all files that git considers to be text will have
+This ensures that all files that Git considers to be text will have
 normalized (LF) line endings in the repository.  The `core.eol`
-configuration variable controls which line endings git will use for
+configuration variable controls which line endings Git will use for
 normalized files in your working directory; the default is to use the
 native line ending for your platform, or CRLF if `core.autocrlf` is
 set.
@@ -226,7 +234,7 @@ directory:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "* text=auto" >>.gitattributes
-$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force git to
+$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force Git to
 $ git reset         # re-scan the working directory
 $ git status        # Show files that will be normalized
 $ git add -u
@@ -241,17 +249,17 @@ unset their `text` attribute before running 'git add -u'.
 manual.pdf	-text
 ------------------------
 
-Conversely, text files that git does not detect can have normalization
+Conversely, text files that Git does not detect can have normalization
 enabled manually.
 
 ------------------------
 weirdchars.txt	text
 ------------------------
 
-If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if
+If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", Git verifies if
 the conversion is reversible for the current setting of
-`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", git rejects irreversible
-conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts
+`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", Git rejects irreversible
+conversions; for "warn", Git only prints a warning but accepts
 an irreversible conversion.  The safety triggers to prevent such
 a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a
 few exceptions.  Even though...
@@ -272,7 +280,7 @@ few exceptions.  Even though...
 `ident`
 ^^^^^^^
 
-When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces
+When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, Git replaces
 `$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the
 40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar
 sign `$` upon checkout.  Any byte sequence that begins with
@@ -294,16 +302,27 @@ output is used to update the worktree file.  Similarly, the
 `clean` command is used to convert the contents of worktree file
 upon checkin.
 
-A missing filter driver definition in the config is not an error
-but makes the filter a no-op passthru.
+One use of the content filtering is to massage the content into a shape
+that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and the user to use.
+For this mode of operation, the key phrase here is "more convenient" and
+not "turning something unusable into usable".  In other words, the intent
+is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition, or does not have
+the appropriate filter program, the project should still be usable.
+
+Another use of the content filtering is to store the content that cannot
+be directly used in the repository (e.g. a UUID that refers to the true
+content stored outside Git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
+usable form upon checkout (e.g. download the external content, or decrypt
+the encrypted content).
+
+These two filters behave differently, and by default, a filter is taken as
+the former, massaging the contents into more convenient shape.  A missing
+filter driver definition in the config, or a filter driver that exits with
+a non-zero status, is not an error but makes the filter a no-op passthru.
 
-The content filtering is done to massage the content into a
-shape that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and
-the user to use.  The key phrase here is "more convenient" and not
-"turning something unusable into usable".  In other words, the
-intent is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition,
-or does not have the appropriate filter program, the project
-should still be usable.
+You can declare that a filter turns a content that by itself is unusable
+into a usable content by setting the filter.<driver>.required configuration
+variable to `true`.
 
 For example, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `filter`
 attribute for paths.
@@ -335,6 +354,16 @@ input that is already correctly indented.  In this case, the lack of a
 smudge filter means that the clean filter _must_ accept its own output
 without modifying it.
 
+If a filter _must_ succeed in order to make the stored contents usable,
+you can declare that the filter is `required`, in the configuration:
+
+------------------------
+[filter "crypt"]
+	clean = openssl enc ...
+	smudge = openssl enc -d ...
+	required
+------------------------
+
 Sequence "%f" on the filter command line is replaced with the name of
 the file the filter is working on.  A filter might use this in keyword
 substitution.  For example:
@@ -368,7 +397,7 @@ clean/smudge filter or text/eol/ident attributes, merging anything
 where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge
 conflicts.
 
-To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a
+To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, Git can be told to run a
 virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when
 resolving a three-way merge by setting the `merge.renormalize`
 configuration variable.  This prevents changes caused by check-in
@@ -388,11 +417,11 @@ Generating diff text
 `diff`
 ^^^^^^
 
-The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular
-files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
+The attribute `diff` affects how Git generates diffs for particular
+files. It can tell Git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
 or to treat the path as a binary file.  It can also affect what line is
-shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an
-external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary
+shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell Git to use an
+external command to generate the diff, or ask Git to convert binary
 files to a text format before generating the diff.
 
 Set::
@@ -411,8 +440,8 @@ Unspecified::
 
 	A path to which the `diff` attribute is unspecified
 	first gets its contents inspected, and if it looks like
-	text, it is treated as text.  Otherwise it would
-	generate `Binary files differ`.
+	text and is smaller than core.bigFileThreshold, it is treated
+	as text. Otherwise it would generate `Binary files differ`.
 
 String::
 
@@ -420,7 +449,7 @@ String::
 	specify one or more options, as described in the following
 	section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined
 	by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the
-	git config file.
+	Git config file.
 
 
 Defining an external diff driver
@@ -438,7 +467,7 @@ To define an external diff driver `jcdiff`, add a section to your
 	command = j-c-diff
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
+When Git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
 attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified
 with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7
 parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called.
@@ -488,14 +517,20 @@ configuration file (you still need to enable this with the
 attribute mechanism, via `.gitattributes`).  The following built in
 patterns are available:
 
+- `ada` suitable for source code in the Ada language.
+
 - `bibtex` suitable for files with BibTeX coded references.
 
 - `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages.
 
 - `csharp` suitable for source code in the C# language.
 
+- `css` suitable for cascading style sheets.
+
 - `fortran` suitable for source code in the Fortran language.
 
+- `fountain` suitable for Fountain documents.
+
 - `html` suitable for HTML/XHTML documents.
 
 - `java` suitable for source code in the Java language.
@@ -575,7 +610,7 @@ should generate it separately and send it as a comment _in
 addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send.
 
 Because text conversion can be slow, especially when doing a
-large number of them with `git log -p`, git provides a mechanism
+large number of them with `git log -p`, Git provides a mechanism
 to cache the output and use it in future diffs.  To enable
 caching, set the "cachetextconv" variable in your diff driver's
 config. For example:
@@ -588,7 +623,7 @@ config. For example:
 
 This will cache the result of running "exif" on each blob
 indefinitely. If you change the textconv config variable for a
-diff driver, git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
+diff driver, Git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
 and re-run the textconv filter. If you want to invalidate the
 cache manually (e.g., because your version of "exif" was updated
 and now produces better output), you can remove the cache
@@ -609,7 +644,7 @@ output to resemble unified diff. You are free to locate and report
 changes in the most appropriate way for your data format.
 
 A textconv, by comparison, is much more limiting. You provide a
-transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and git
+transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and Git
 uses its regular diff tools to generate the output. There are several
 advantages to choosing this method:
 
@@ -619,7 +654,7 @@ advantages to choosing this method:
    odt2txt).
 
 2. Git diff features. By performing only the transformation step
-   yourself, you can still utilize many of git's diff features,
+   yourself, you can still utilize many of Git's diff features,
    including colorization, word-diff, and combined diffs for merges.
 
 3. Caching. Textconv caching can speed up repeated diffs, such as those
@@ -634,7 +669,7 @@ data by examining the beginning of the contents. However, sometimes you
 may want to override its decision, either because a blob contains binary
 data later in the file, or because the content, while technically
 composed of text characters, is opaque to a human reader. For example,
-many postscript files contain only ascii characters, but produce noisy
+many postscript files contain only ASCII characters, but produce noisy
 and meaningless diffs.
 
 The simplest way to mark a file as binary is to unset the diff
@@ -644,12 +679,12 @@ attribute in the `.gitattributes` file:
 *.ps -diff
 ------------------------
 
-This will cause git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
+This will cause Git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
 patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff.
 
 However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For
 example, you might want to use `textconv` to convert postscript files to
-an ascii representation for human viewing, but otherwise treat them as
+an ASCII representation for human viewing, but otherwise treat them as
 binary files. You cannot specify both `-diff` and `diff=ps` attributes.
 The solution is to use the `diff.*.binary` config option:
 
@@ -743,7 +778,7 @@ To define a custom merge driver `filfre`, add a section to your
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 [merge "filfre"]
 	name = feel-free merge driver
-	driver = filfre %O %A %B
+	driver = filfre %O %A %B %L %P
 	recursive = binary
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -769,6 +804,9 @@ merge between common ancestors, when there are more than one.
 When left unspecified, the driver itself is used for both
 internal merge and the final merge.
 
+The merge driver can learn the pathname in which the merged result
+will be stored via placeholder `%P`.
+
 
 `conflict-marker-size`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -800,7 +838,7 @@ control per path.
 
 Set::
 
-	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
+	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to Git.
 	The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace`
 	configuration variable.
 
@@ -832,7 +870,7 @@ archive files.
 `export-subst`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand
+If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then Git will expand
 several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.  The
 expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if
 linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
@@ -899,12 +937,15 @@ state.
 DEFINING MACRO ATTRIBUTES
 -------------------------
 
-Custom macro attributes can be defined only in the `.gitattributes`
-file at the toplevel (i.e. not in any subdirectory).  The built-in
-macro attribute "binary" is equivalent to:
+Custom macro attributes can be defined only in top-level gitattributes
+files (`$GIT_DIR/info/attributes`, the `.gitattributes` file at the
+top level of the working tree, or the global or system-wide
+gitattributes files), not in `.gitattributes` files in working tree
+subdirectories.  The built-in macro attribute "binary" is equivalent
+to:
 
 ------------
-[attr]binary -diff -text
+[attr]binary -diff -merge -text
 ------------
 
 
@@ -930,7 +971,7 @@ abc	-foo -bar
 the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows:
 
 1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same
-   directory as the path in question), git finds that the first
+   directory as the path in question), Git finds that the first
    line matches.  `merge` attribute is set.  It also finds that
    the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar`
    are unset.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
index f734f97b8e..dfe7d83727 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcli(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcli - git command line interface and conventions
+gitcli - Git command-line interface and conventions
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ gitcli
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This manual describes the convention used throughout git CLI.
+This manual describes the convention used throughout Git CLI.
 
 Many commands take revisions (most often "commits", but sometimes
 "tree-ish", depending on the context and command) and paths as their
@@ -25,74 +25,104 @@ arguments.  Here are the rules:
    are paths.
 
  * When an argument can be misunderstood as either a revision or a path,
-   they can be disambiguated by placing `\--` between them.
-   E.g. `git diff \-- HEAD` is, "I have a file called HEAD in my work
+   they can be disambiguated by placing `--` between them.
+   E.g. `git diff -- HEAD` is, "I have a file called HEAD in my work
    tree.  Please show changes between the version I staged in the index
-   and what I have in the work tree for that file". not "show difference
+   and what I have in the work tree for that file", not "show difference
    between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole".  You can say
-   `git diff HEAD \--` to ask for the latter.
+   `git diff HEAD --` to ask for the latter.
 
- * Without disambiguating `\--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
+ * Without disambiguating `--`, Git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
    out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous.  E.g. if you have a
    file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and
-   you have to say either `git diff HEAD \--` or `git diff \-- HEAD` to
+   you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to
    disambiguate.
-
++
 When writing a script that is expected to handle random user-input, it is
 a good practice to make it explicit which arguments are which by placing
-disambiguating `\--` at appropriate places.
+disambiguating `--` at appropriate places.
+
+ * Many commands allow wildcards in paths, but you need to protect
+   them from getting globbed by the shell.  These two mean different
+   things:
++
+--------------------------------
+$ git checkout -- *.c
+$ git checkout -- \*.c
+--------------------------------
++
+The former lets your shell expand the fileglob, and you are asking
+the dot-C files in your working tree to be overwritten with the version
+in the index.  The latter passes the `*.c` to Git, and you are asking
+the paths in the index that match the pattern to be checked out to your
+working tree.  After running `git add hello.c; rm hello.c`, you will _not_
+see `hello.c` in your working tree with the former, but with the latter
+you will.
+
+ * Just as the filesystem '.' (period) refers to the current directory,
+   using a '.' as a repository name in Git (a dot-repository) is a relative
+   path and means your current repository.
 
 Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are
-scripting git:
+scripting Git:
 
- * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that
+ * it's preferred to use the non-dashed form of Git commands, which means that
    you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`.
 
  * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b`
    to `git foo -ab`, the latter may not even work).
 
- * when a command line option takes an argument, use the 'sticked' form.  In
+ * when a command-line option takes an argument, use the 'stuck' form.  In
    other words, write `git foo -oArg` instead of `git foo -o Arg` for short
    options, and `git foo --long-opt=Arg` instead of `git foo --long-opt Arg`
    for long options.  An option that takes optional option-argument must be
-   written in the 'sticked' form.
+   written in the 'stuck' form.
 
  * when you give a revision parameter to a command, make sure the parameter is
    not ambiguous with a name of a file in the work tree.  E.g. do not write
    `git log -1 HEAD` but write `git log -1 HEAD --`; the former will not work
    if you happen to have a file called `HEAD` in the work tree.
 
+ * many commands allow a long option `--option` to be abbreviated
+   only to their unique prefix (e.g. if there is no other option
+   whose name begins with `opt`, you may be able to spell `--opt` to
+   invoke the `--option` flag), but you should fully spell them out
+   when writing your scripts; later versions of Git may introduce a
+   new option whose name shares the same prefix, e.g. `--optimize`,
+   to make a short prefix that used to be unique no longer unique.
+
 
 ENHANCED OPTION PARSER
 ----------------------
-From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the
+From the Git 1.5.4 series and further, many Git commands (not all of them at the
 time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser.
 
-Here is an exhaustive list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
+Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
 
 
 Magic Options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Commands which have the enhanced option parser activated all understand a
-couple of magic command line options:
+couple of magic command-line options:
 
 -h::
 	gives a pretty printed usage of the command.
 +
 ---------------------------------------------
 $ git describe -h
-usage: git describe [options] <committish>*
+usage: git describe [options] <commit-ish>*
+   or: git describe [options] --dirty
 
     --contains            find the tag that comes after the commit
     --debug               debug search strategy on stderr
-    --all                 use any ref in .git/refs
-    --tags                use any tag in .git/refs/tags
-    --abbrev [<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
-    --candidates <n>      consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)
+    --all                 use any ref
+    --tags                use any tag, even unannotated
+    --long                always use long format
+    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
 ---------------------------------------------
 
 --help-all::
-	Some git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
+	Some Git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
 	are deprecated, and such options are hidden from the default usage. This
 	option gives the full list of options.
 
@@ -112,6 +142,16 @@ options. This means that you can for example use `git rm -rf` or
 `git clean -fdx`.
 
 
+Abbreviating long options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Commands that support the enhanced option parser accepts unique
+prefix of a long option as if it is fully spelled out, but use this
+with a caution.  For example, `git commit --amen` behaves as if you
+typed `git commit --amend`, but that is true only until a later version
+of Git introduces another option that shares the same prefix,
+e.g. `git commit --amenity` option.
+
+
 Separating argument from the option
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can write the mandatory option parameter to an option as a separate
@@ -125,7 +165,7 @@ $ git foo -o Arg
 ----------------------------
 
 However, this is *NOT* allowed for switches with an optional value, where the
-'sticked' form must be used:
+'stuck' form must be used:
 ----------------------------
 $ git describe --abbrev HEAD     # correct
 $ git describe --abbrev=10 HEAD  # correct
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
index c27d086f68..15b3bfa8db 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcore-tutorial(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcore-tutorial - A git core tutorial for developers
+gitcore-tutorial - A Git core tutorial for developers
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ git *
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git commands to set up and
-work with a git repository.
+This tutorial explains how to use the "core" Git commands to set up and
+work with a Git repository.
 
-If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer
-to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to GIT" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
-link:user-manual.html[the GIT User Manual].
+If you just need to use Git as a revision control system you may prefer
+to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to Git" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
+link:user-manual.html[the Git User Manual].
 
 However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if
-you want to understand git's internals.
+you want to understand Git's internals.
 
-The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
+The core Git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
 interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the
 plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the
 plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing.
@@ -40,19 +40,19 @@ Deeper technical details are often marked as Notes, which you can
 skip on your first reading.
 
 
-Creating a git repository
+Creating a Git repository
 -------------------------
 
-Creating a new git repository couldn't be easier: all git repositories start
+Creating a new Git repository couldn't be easier: all Git repositories start
 out empty, and the only thing you need to do is find yourself a
 subdirectory that you want to use as a working tree - either an empty
 one for a totally new project, or an existing working tree that you want
-to import into git.
+to import into Git.
 
 For our first example, we're going to start a totally new repository from
 scratch, with no pre-existing files, and we'll call it 'git-tutorial'.
 To start up, create a subdirectory for it, change into that
-subdirectory, and initialize the git infrastructure with 'git init':
+subdirectory, and initialize the Git infrastructure with 'git init':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ mkdir git-tutorial
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ $ cd git-tutorial
 $ git init
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-to which git will reply
+to which Git will reply
 
 ----------------
 Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
 ----------------
 
-which is just git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
+which is just Git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
 strange, and that it will have created a local `.git` directory setup for
 your new project. You will now have a `.git` directory, and you can
 inspect that with 'ls'. For your new empty project, it should show you
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ start out expecting to work on the `master` branch.
 
 However, this is only a convention, and you can name your branches
 anything you want, and don't have to ever even 'have' a `master`
-branch. A number of the git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
+branch. A number of the Git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
 valid, though.
 
 [NOTE]
-An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA1 hash, aka 'object name',
+An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA-1 hash, aka 'object name',
 and a reference to an object is always the 40-byte hex
-representation of that SHA1 name. The files in the `refs`
+representation of that SHA-1 name. The files in the `refs`
 subdirectory are expected to contain these hex references
 (usually with a final `\n` at the end), and you should thus
 expect to see a number of 41-byte files containing these
@@ -119,18 +119,18 @@ populating your tree.
 An advanced user may want to take a look at linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
 after finishing this tutorial.
 
-You have now created your first git repository. Of course, since it's
+You have now created your first Git repository. Of course, since it's
 empty, that's not very useful, so let's start populating it with data.
 
 
-Populating a git repository
+Populating a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
 We'll keep this simple and stupid, so we'll start off with populating a
 few trivial files just to get a feel for it.
 
 Start off with just creating any random files that you want to maintain
-in your git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
+in your Git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
 get a feel for how this works:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ but to actually check in your hard work, you will have to go through two steps:
 
  - commit that index file as an object.
 
-The first step is trivial: when you want to tell git about any changes
+The first step is trivial: when you want to tell Git about any changes
 to your working tree, you use the 'git update-index' program. That
 program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but
 to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index
 (or remove existing ones) unless you explicitly tell it that you're
-adding a new entry with the `\--add` flag (or removing an entry with the
-`\--remove`) flag.
+adding a new entry with the `--add` flag (or removing an entry with the
+`--remove`) flag.
 
 So to populate the index with the two files you just created, you can do
 
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ So to populate the index with the two files you just created, you can do
 $ git update-index --add hello example
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you have now told git to track those two files.
+and you have now told Git to track those two files.
 
 In fact, as you did that, if you now look into your object directory,
-you'll notice that git will have added two new objects to the object
+you'll notice that Git will have added two new objects to the object
 database. If you did exactly the steps above, you should now be able to do
 
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ $ git cat-file -t 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238
 ----------------
 
 where the `-t` tells 'git cat-file' to tell you what the "type" of the
-object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
+object is. Git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
 regular file), and you can see the contents with
 
 ----------------
@@ -214,28 +214,28 @@ Anyway, as we mentioned previously, you normally never actually take a
 look at the objects themselves, and typing long 40-character hex
 names is not something you'd normally want to do. The above digression
 was just to show that 'git update-index' did something magical, and
-actually saved away the contents of your files into the git object
+actually saved away the contents of your files into the Git object
 database.
 
 Updating the index did something else too: it created a `.git/index`
 file. This is the index that describes your current working tree, and
 something you should be very aware of. Again, you normally never worry
 about the index file itself, but you should be aware of the fact that
-you have not actually really "checked in" your files into git so far,
-you've only *told* git about them.
+you have not actually really "checked in" your files into Git so far,
+you've only *told* Git about them.
 
-However, since git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
-most basic git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
+However, since Git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
+most basic Git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
 
-In particular, let's not even check in the two files into git yet, we'll
+In particular, let's not even check in the two files into Git yet, we'll
 start off by adding another line to `hello` first:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you can now, since you told git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
-git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
+and you can now, since you told Git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
+Git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
 'git diff-files' command:
 
 ------------
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ index 557db03..263414f 100644
 @@ -1 +1,2 @@
  Hello World
 +It's a new day for git
-----
+------------
 
 i.e. the diff of the change we caused by adding another line to `hello`.
 
@@ -282,11 +282,11 @@ index 557db03..263414f 100644
 ------------
 
 
-Committing git state
+Committing Git state
 --------------------
 
-Now, we want to go to the next stage in git, which is to take the files
-that git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
+Now, we want to go to the next stage in Git, which is to take the files
+that Git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
 that in two phases: creating a 'tree' object, and committing that 'tree'
 object as a 'commit' object together with an explanation of what the
 tree was all about, along with information of how we came to that state.
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ There are no options or other input: `git write-tree` will take the
 current index state, and write an object that describes that whole
 index. In other words, we're now tying together all the different
 filenames with their contents (and their permissions), and we're
-creating the equivalent of a git "directory" object:
+creating the equivalent of a Git "directory" object:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git write-tree
@@ -399,10 +399,10 @@ $ git diff HEAD
 which ends up doing the above for you.
 
 In other words, 'git diff-index' normally compares a tree against the
-working tree, but when given the `\--cached` flag, it is told to
+working tree, but when given the `--cached` flag, it is told to
 instead compare against just the index cache contents, and ignore the
 current working tree state entirely. Since we just wrote the index
-file to HEAD, doing `git diff-index \--cached -p HEAD` should thus return
+file to HEAD, doing `git diff-index --cached -p HEAD` should thus return
 an empty set of differences, and that's exactly what it does.
 
 [NOTE]
@@ -411,13 +411,13 @@ an empty set of differences, and that's exactly what it does.
 comparisons, and saying that it compares a tree against the working
 tree is thus not strictly accurate. In particular, the list of
 files to compare (the "meta-data") *always* comes from the index file,
-regardless of whether the `\--cached` flag is used or not. The `\--cached`
+regardless of whether the `--cached` flag is used or not. The `--cached`
 flag really only determines whether the file *contents* to be compared
 come from the working tree or not.
 
-This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply
+This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that Git simply
 never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about
-explicitly. git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
+explicitly. Git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
 expects you to tell it what the files are, and that's what the index
 is there for.
 ================
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ update the index cache:
 $ git update-index hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(note how we didn't need the `\--add` flag this time, since git knew
+(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since Git knew
 about the file already).
 
 Note what happens to the different 'git diff-{asterisk}' versions here.
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ this point (you can continue to edit things and update the index), you
 can just leave an empty message. Otherwise `git commit` will commit
 the change for you.
 
-You've now made your first real git commit. And if you're interested in
+You've now made your first real Git commit. And if you're interested in
 looking at what `git commit` really does, feel free to investigate:
 it's a few very simple shell scripts to generate the helpful (?) commit
 message headers, and a few one-liners that actually do the
@@ -534,48 +534,15 @@ all, but just show the actual commit message.
 
 In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a
 list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of
-changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is
-included with git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent
-activities.
-
-To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you
-can do
-
-----------------
-$ git log
-----------------
-
-which shows just the log messages, or if we want to see the log together
-with the associated patches use the more complex (and much more
-powerful)
-
-----------------
-$ git whatchanged -p
-----------------
-
-and you will see exactly what has changed in the repository over its
-short history.
-
-[NOTE]
-When using the above two commands, the initial commit will be shown.
-If this is a problem because it is huge, you can hide it by setting
-the log.showroot configuration variable to false. Having this, you
-can still show it for each command just adding the `\--root` option,
-which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands.
-
-With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and
-can explore on your own.
-
-[NOTE]
-Most likely, you are not directly using the core
-git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm'
-and `git-commit'.
+changes.  You can emulate `git log`, `git log -p`, etc. with a trivial
+script that pipes the output of `git rev-list` to `git diff-tree --stdin`,
+which was exactly how early versions of `git log` were implemented.
 
 
 Tagging a version
 -----------------
 
-In git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
+In Git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
 
 A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put
 it in the `.git/refs/tags/` subdirectory instead of calling it a `head`.
@@ -598,7 +565,7 @@ obviously be an empty diff, but if you continue to develop and commit
 stuff, you can use your tag as an "anchor-point" to see what has changed
 since you tagged it.
 
-An "annotated tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a
+An "annotated tag" is actually a real Git object, and contains not only a
 pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and
 message, along with optionally a PGP signature that says that yes,
 you really did
@@ -623,17 +590,17 @@ name for the state at that point.
 Copying repositories
 --------------------
 
-git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
+Git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
 Unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of
-"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally *is* the
-working tree, with the local git information hidden in the `.git`
+"repository" and "working tree". A Git repository normally *is* the
+working tree, with the local Git information hidden in the `.git`
 subdirectory. There is nothing else. What you see is what you got.
 
 [NOTE]
-You can tell git to split the git internal information from
+You can tell Git to split the Git internal information from
 the directory that it tracks, but we'll ignore that for now: it's not
 how normal projects work, and it's really only meant for special uses.
-So the mental model of "the git information is always tied directly to
+So the mental model of "the Git information is always tied directly to
 the working tree that it describes" may not be technically 100%
 accurate, but it's a good model for all normal use.
 
@@ -649,13 +616,13 @@ $ rm -rf git-tutorial
 and it will be gone. There's no external repository, and there's no
 history outside the project you created.
 
- - if you want to move or duplicate a git repository, you can do so. There
+ - if you want to move or duplicate a Git repository, you can do so. There
    is 'git clone' command, but if all you want to do is just to
    create a copy of your repository (with all the full history that
    went along with it), you can do so with a regular
    `cp -a git-tutorial new-git-tutorial`.
 +
-Note that when you've moved or copied a git repository, your git index
+Note that when you've moved or copied a Git repository, your Git index
 file (which caches various information, notably some of the "stat"
 information for the files involved) will likely need to be refreshed.
 So after you do a `cp -a` to create a new copy, you'll want to do
@@ -667,7 +634,7 @@ $ git update-index --refresh
 in the new repository to make sure that the index file is up-to-date.
 
 Note that the second point is true even across machines. You can
-duplicate a remote git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
+duplicate a remote Git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
 'scp', 'rsync' or 'wget'.
 
 When copying a remote repository, you'll want to at a minimum update the
@@ -694,23 +661,23 @@ The above can also be written as simply
 $ git reset
 ----------------
 
-and in fact a lot of the common git command combinations can be scripted
+and in fact a lot of the common Git command combinations can be scripted
 with the `git xyz` interfaces.  You can learn things by just looking
 at what the various git scripts do.  For example, `git reset` used to be
 the above two lines implemented in 'git reset', but some things like
 'git status' and 'git commit' are slightly more complex scripts around
-the basic git commands.
+the basic Git commands.
 
 Many (most?) public remote repositories will not contain any of
 the checked out files or even an index file, and will *only* contain the
-actual core git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
-`.git` subdirectory, but has all the git files directly in the
+actual core Git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
+`.git` subdirectory, but has all the Git files directly in the
 repository.
 
-To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" git repository, you'd
+To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" Git repository, you'd
 first create your own subdirectory for the project, and then copy the
 raw repository contents into the `.git` directory. For example, to
-create your own copy of the git repository, you'd do the following
+create your own copy of the Git repository, you'd do the following
 
 ----------------
 $ mkdir my-git
@@ -725,7 +692,7 @@ $ git read-tree HEAD
 ----------------
 
 to populate the index. However, now you have populated the index, and
-you have all the git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
+you have all the Git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
 actually have any of the working tree files to work on. To get
 those, you'd check them out with
 
@@ -743,7 +710,7 @@ files).
 Again, this can all be simplified with
 
 ----------------
-$ git clone rsync://rsync.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/ my-git
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/ my-git
 $ cd my-git
 $ git checkout
 ----------------
@@ -757,13 +724,13 @@ repository, and checked it out.
 Creating a new branch
 ---------------------
 
-Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git
+Branches in Git are really nothing more than pointers into the Git
 object database from within the `.git/refs/` subdirectory, and as we
 already discussed, the `HEAD` branch is nothing but a symlink to one of
 these object pointers.
 
 You can at any time create a new branch by just picking an arbitrary
-point in the project history, and just writing the SHA1 name of that
+point in the project history, and just writing the SHA-1 name of that
 object into a file under `.git/refs/heads/`. You can use any filename you
 want (and indeed, subdirectories), but the convention is that the
 "normal" branch is called `master`. That's just a convention, though,
@@ -849,7 +816,7 @@ $ git commit -m "Some work." -i hello
 Here, we just added another line to `hello`, and we used a shorthand for
 doing both `git update-index hello` and `git commit` by just giving the
 filename directly to `git commit`, with an `-i` flag (it tells
-git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
+Git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
 the index file so far when making the commit).  The `-m` flag is to give the
 commit log message from the command line.
 
@@ -881,7 +848,7 @@ helps you view what's going on:
 $ gitk --all
 ----------------
 
-will show you graphically both of your branches (that's what the `\--all`
+will show you graphically both of your branches (that's what the `--all`
 means: normally it will just show you your current `HEAD`) and their
 histories. You can also see exactly how they came to be from a common
 source.
@@ -900,7 +867,7 @@ where the first argument is going to be used as the commit message if
 the merge can be resolved automatically.
 
 Now, in this case we've intentionally created a situation where the
-merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so git will do as much
+merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so Git will do as much
 of it as it can automatically (which in this case is just merge the `example`
 file, which had no differences in the `mybranch` branch), and say:
 
@@ -935,11 +902,11 @@ which will very loudly warn you that you're now committing a merge
 (which is correct, so never mind), and you can write a small merge
 message about your adventures in 'git merge'-land.
 
-After you're done, start up `gitk \--all` to see graphically what the
+After you're done, start up `gitk --all` to see graphically what the
 history looks like. Notice that `mybranch` still exists, and you can
 switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The
 `mybranch` branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it
-from the `master` branch, git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
+from the `master` branch, Git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
 have to do _that_ merge again.
 
 Another useful tool, especially if you do not always work in X-Window
@@ -956,13 +923,12 @@ $ git show-branch --topo-order --more=1 master mybranch
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 The first two lines indicate that it is showing the two branches
-and the first line of the commit log message from their
-top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on `master` branch
-(notice the asterisk `{asterisk}` character), and the first column for
-the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the
+with the titles of their top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on
+`master` branch (notice the asterisk `*` character), and the first
+column for the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the
 `master` branch, and the second column for the `mybranch`
-branch. Three commits are shown along with their log messages.
-All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`{asterisk}`
+branch. Three commits are shown along with their titles.
+All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`*`
 shows an ordinary commit on the current branch, `-` is a merge commit), which
 means they are now part of the `master` branch. Only the "Some
 work" commit has the plus `+` character in the second column,
@@ -1002,9 +968,9 @@ would be different)
 ----------------
 Updating from ae3a2da... to a80b4aa....
 Fast-forward (no commit created; -m option ignored)
- example |    1 +
- hello   |    1 +
- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ example | 1 +
+ hello   | 1 +
+ 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
 ----------------
 
 Because your branch did not contain anything more than what had
@@ -1013,7 +979,7 @@ not actually do a merge. Instead, it just updated the top of
 the tree of your branch to that of the `master` branch. This is
 often called 'fast-forward' merge.
 
-You can run `gitk \--all` again to see how the commit ancestry
+You can run `gitk --all` again to see how the commit ancestry
 looks like, or run 'show-branch', which tells you this.
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -1029,7 +995,7 @@ Merging external work
 ---------------------
 
 It's usually much more common that you merge with somebody else than
-merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that git
+merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that Git
 makes that very easy too, and in fact, it's not that different from
 doing a 'git merge'. In fact, a remote merge ends up being nothing
 more than "fetch the work from a remote repository into a temporary tag"
@@ -1045,20 +1011,6 @@ $ git fetch <remote-repository>
 One of the following transports can be used to name the
 repository to download from:
 
-Rsync::
-	`rsync://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
-+
-Rsync transport is usable for both uploading and downloading,
-but is completely unaware of what git does, and can produce
-unexpected results when you download from the public repository
-while the repository owner is uploading into it via `rsync`
-transport.  Most notably, it could update the files under
-`refs/` which holds the object name of the topmost commits
-before uploading the files in `objects/` -- the downloader would
-obtain head commit object name while that object itself is still
-not available in the repository.  For this reason, it is
-considered deprecated.
-
 SSH::
 	`remote.machine:/path/to/repo.git/` or
 +
@@ -1069,7 +1021,7 @@ and requires you to have a log-in privilege over `ssh` to the
 remote machine.  It finds out the set of objects the other side
 lacks by exchanging the head commits both ends have and
 transfers (close to) minimum set of objects.  It is by far the
-most efficient way to exchange git objects between repositories.
+most efficient way to exchange Git objects between repositories.
 
 Local directory::
 	`/path/to/repo.git/`
@@ -1078,7 +1030,7 @@ This transport is the same as SSH transport but uses 'sh' to run
 both ends on the local machine instead of running other end on
 the remote machine via 'ssh'.
 
-git Native::
+Git Native::
 	`git://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
 +
 This transport was designed for anonymous downloading.  Like SSH
@@ -1100,8 +1052,8 @@ necessary objects.  Because of this behavior, they are
 sometimes also called 'commit walkers'.
 +
 The 'commit walkers' are sometimes also called 'dumb
-transports', because they do not require any git aware smart
-server like git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
+transports', because they do not require any Git aware smart
+server like Git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
 that does not even support directory index would suffice.  But
 you must prepare your repository with 'git update-server-info'
 to help dumb transport downloaders.
@@ -1234,7 +1186,7 @@ file (the first tree goes to stage 1, the second to stage 2,
 etc.).  After reading three trees into three stages, the paths
 that are the same in all three stages are 'collapsed' into stage
 0.  Also paths that are the same in two of three stages are
-collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA1 from either stage 2 or
+collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA-1 from either stage 2 or
 stage 3, whichever is different from stage 1 (i.e. only one side
 changed from the common ancestor).
 
@@ -1257,7 +1209,7 @@ this 'collapsing' tends to trivially merge most of the paths
 fairly quickly, leaving only a handful of real changes in non-zero
 stages.
 
-To look at only non-zero stages, use `\--unmerged` flag:
+To look at only non-zero stages, use `--unmerged` flag:
 
 ------------
 $ git ls-files --unmerged
@@ -1322,7 +1274,7 @@ update the public repository from it. This is often called
 
 [NOTE]
 This public repository could further be mirrored, and that is
-how git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
+how Git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
 
 Publishing the changes from your local (private) repository to
 your remote (public) repository requires a write privilege on
@@ -1341,7 +1293,7 @@ done only once.
 on the remote machine. The communication between the two over
 the network internally uses an SSH connection.
 
-Your private repository's git directory is usually `.git`, but
+Your private repository's Git directory is usually `.git`, but
 your public repository is often named after the project name,
 i.e. `<project>.git`. Let's create such a public repository for
 project `my-git`. After logging into the remote machine, create
@@ -1351,7 +1303,7 @@ an empty directory:
 $ mkdir my-git.git
 ------------
 
-Then, make that directory into a git repository by running
+Then, make that directory into a Git repository by running
 'git init', but this time, since its name is not the usual
 `.git`, we do things slightly differently:
 
@@ -1390,7 +1342,7 @@ This synchronizes your public repository to match the named
 branch head (i.e. `master` in this case) and objects reachable
 from them in your current repository.
 
-As a real example, this is how I update my public git
+As a real example, this is how I update my public Git
 repository. Kernel.org mirror network takes care of the
 propagation to other publicly visible machines:
 
@@ -1403,9 +1355,9 @@ Packing your repository
 -----------------------
 
 Earlier, we saw that one file under `.git/objects/??/` directory
-is stored for each git object you create. This representation
+is stored for each Git object you create. This representation
 is efficient to create atomically and safely, but
-not so convenient to transport over the network. Since git objects are
+not so convenient to transport over the network. Since Git objects are
 immutable once they are created, there is a way to optimize the
 storage by "packing them together". The command
 
@@ -1420,7 +1372,7 @@ packed, and stores the packed file in `.git/objects/pack`
 directory.
 
 [NOTE]
-You will see two files, `pack-{asterisk}.pack` and `pack-{asterisk}.idx`,
+You will see two files, `pack-*.pack` and `pack-*.idx`,
 in `.git/objects/pack` directory. They are closely related to
 each other, and if you ever copy them by hand to a different
 repository for whatever reason, you should make sure you copy
@@ -1464,7 +1416,7 @@ while, depending on how active your project is.
 
 When a repository is synchronized via `git push` and `git pull`
 objects packed in the source repository are usually stored
-unpacked in the destination, unless rsync transport is used.
+unpacked in the destination.
 While this allows you to use different packing strategies on
 both ends, it also means you may need to repack both
 repositories every once in a while.
@@ -1473,14 +1425,14 @@ repositories every once in a while.
 Working with Others
 -------------------
 
-Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often
+Although Git is a truly distributed system, it is often
 convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy
 of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There
 is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in
-link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
+http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
 
 It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*.
-There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of
+There is nothing fundamental in Git that enforces the "chain of
 patch flow" this hierarchy implies. You do not have to pull
 from only one remote repository.
 
@@ -1593,7 +1545,7 @@ Working with Others, Shared Repository Style
 
 If you are coming from CVS background, the style of cooperation
 suggested in the previous section may be new to you. You do not
-have to worry. git supports "shared public repository" style of
+have to worry. Git supports "shared public repository" style of
 cooperation you are probably more familiar with as well.
 
 See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for the details.
@@ -1603,7 +1555,7 @@ Bundling your work together
 
 It is likely that you will be working on more than one thing at
 a time.  It is easy to manage those more-or-less independent tasks
-using branches with git.
+using branches with Git.
 
 We have already seen how branches work previously,
 with "fun and work" example using two branches.  The idea is the
@@ -1701,7 +1653,7 @@ linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
index 066f825f2e..f3a75d1ce1 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcredentials(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to git
+gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform
 operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password
 in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes
-the mechanisms git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
+the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
 features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.
 
 REQUESTING CREDENTIALS
 ----------------------
 
-Without any credential helpers defined, git will try the following
+Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following
 strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
 
 1. If the `GIT_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, the program
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
    to the program on the command line, and the user's input is read
    from its standard output.
 
-2. Otherwise, if the `core.askpass` configuration variable is set, its
+2. Otherwise, if the `core.askPass` configuration variable is set, its
    value is used as above.
 
 3. Otherwise, if the `SSH_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, its
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config:
 	username = me
 ---------------------------------------
 
-Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which git can
+Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can
 request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure
 storage provided by the OS or other programs.
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ store::
 You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for
 `credential-*` in the output of `git help -a`, and consult the
 documentation of individual helpers.  Once you have selected a helper,
-you can tell git to use it by putting its name into the
+you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the
 credential.helper variable.
 
 1. Find a helper.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ credential-foo
 $ git help credential-foo
 -------------------------------------------
 
-3. Tell git to use it.
+3. Tell Git to use it.
 +
 -------------------------------------------
 $ git config --global credential.helper foo
@@ -103,9 +103,14 @@ $ git config --global credential.helper foo
 
 If there are multiple instances of the `credential.helper` configuration
 variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username,
-password, or nothing. Once git has acquired both a username and a
+password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a
 password, no more helpers will be tried.
 
+If `credential.helper` is configured to the empty string, this resets
+the helper list to empty (so you may override a helper set by a
+lower-priority config file by configuring the empty-string helper,
+followed by whatever set of helpers you would like).
+
 
 CREDENTIAL CONTEXTS
 -------------------
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context
 is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any
 helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.
 
-For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When git
+For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When Git
 looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will
 consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the
 pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:
@@ -133,18 +138,18 @@ context would not match:
 	username = foo
 --------------------------------------
 
-because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; git
+because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git
 compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
 the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not
-match: git compares the protocols exactly.
+match: Git compares the protocols exactly.
 
 
 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
 ---------------------
 
 Options for a credential context can be configured either in
-`credential.\*` (which applies to all credentials), or
-`credential.<url>.\*`, where <url> matches the context as described
+`credential.*` (which applies to all credentials), or
+`credential.<url>.*`, where <url> matches the context as described
 above.
 
 The following options are available in either location:
@@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ username::
 
 useHttpPath::
 
-	By default, git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
+	By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
 	to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential
 	stored for `https://example.com/foo.git` will also be used for
 	`https://example.com/bar.git`. If you do want to distinguish these
@@ -175,7 +180,7 @@ CUSTOM HELPERS
 --------------
 
 You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
-which you keep credentials. See the documentation for git's
+which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's
 link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
index aeb0cdc973..b06e852a85 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcvs-migration(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcvs-migration - git for CVS users
+gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ important than any other.  However, you can emulate the CVS model by
 designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
 this document explains how to do that.
 
-Some basic familiarity with git is required. Having gone through
+Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
 linkgit:gittutorial[7] and
 linkgit:gitglossary[7] should be sufficient.
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ other than `master`.
 Setting Up a Shared Repository
 ------------------------------
 
-We assume you have already created a git repository for your project,
+We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
 possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
 linkgit:gittutorial[7]), or imported from an already existing CVS
 repository (see the next section).
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository.  One
 easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
 machine where the repository is hosted.  If you don't want to give them a
 full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
-users to do git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
+users to do Git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
 
 Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
 writable by that group:
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Importing a CVS archive
 -----------------------
 
 First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from
-link:http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/[http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/] and make
+http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/[http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/] and make
 sure it is in your path.  Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory
 of the project you are interested in and run linkgit:git-cvsimport[1]:
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ of the project you are interested in and run linkgit:git-cvsimport[1]:
 $ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module>
 -------------------------------------------
 
-This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
+This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
 <destination>, which will be created if necessary.
 
 The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file.  Reportedly
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
 medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
 Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.
 
-The main trunk is stored in the git branch named `origin`, and additional
-CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names.  The most
+The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named `origin`, and additional
+CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names.  The most
 recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the `master`
 branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.
 
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@ points.  You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
 repository to a mailing list.  See linkgit:githooks[5].
 
 You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks.  See
-link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using
+link:howto/update-hook-example.html[Controlling access to branches using
 update hooks].
 
-Providing CVS Access to a git Repository
+Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository
 ----------------------------------------
 
-It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so
+It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
 that developers can still use CVS; see linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for
 details.
 
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ Alternative Development Models
 ------------------------------
 
 CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
-a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with git.
-However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models,
+a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with Git.
+However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
 and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
 fit for your project.
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
index 370624c171..c579593e55 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ The 'git diff-{asterisk}' family works by first comparing two sets of
 files:
 
  - 'git diff-index' compares contents of a "tree" object and the
-   working directory (when '\--cached' flag is not used) or a
-   "tree" object and the index file (when '\--cached' flag is
+   working directory (when '--cached' flag is not used) or a
+   "tree" object and the index file (when '--cached' flag is
    used);
 
  - 'git diff-files' compares contents of the index file and the
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ it changes it to:
 For the purpose of breaking a filepair, diffcore-break examines
 the extent of changes between the contents of the files before
 and after modification (i.e. the contents that have "bcd1234..."
-and "0123456..." as their SHA1 content ID, in the above
+and "0123456..." as their SHA-1 content ID, in the above
 example).  The amount of deletion of original contents and
 insertion of new material are added together, and if it exceeds
 the "break score", the filepair is broken into two.  The break
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ merges these filepairs and creates:
 
 When the "-C" option is used, the original contents of modified files,
 and deleted files (and also unmodified files, if the
-"\--find-copies-harder" option is used) are considered as candidates
+"--find-copies-harder" option is used) are considered as candidates
 of the source files in rename/copy operation.  If the input were like
 these filepairs, that talk about a modified file fileY and a newly
 created file file0:
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ a similarity score different from the default of 50% by giving a
 number after the "-M" or "-C" option (e.g. "-M8" to tell it to use
 8/10 = 80%).
 
-Note.  When the "-C" option is used with `\--find-copies-harder`
+Note.  When the "-C" option is used with `--find-copies-harder`
 option, 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands feed unmodified filepairs to
 diffcore mechanism as well as modified ones.  This lets the copy
 detector consider unmodified files as copy source candidates at
-the expense of making it slower.  Without `\--find-copies-harder`,
+the expense of making it slower.  Without `--find-copies-harder`,
 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands can detect copies only if the file that was
 copied happened to have been modified in the same changeset.
 
@@ -222,26 +222,35 @@ version prefixed with '+'.
 diffcore-pickaxe: For Detecting Addition/Deletion of Specified String
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-This transformation is used to find filepairs that represent
-changes that touch a specified string, and is controlled by the
--S option and the `\--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-{asterisk}'
-commands.
-
-When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are
-filepairs whose "result" side and whose "origin" side have
-different number of specified string.  Such a filepair represents
-"the string appeared in this changeset".  It also checks for the
-opposite case that loses the specified string.
-
-When `\--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves
-only such filepairs that touch the specified string in its
-output.  When `\--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all
-filepairs intact if there is such a filepair, or makes the
-output empty otherwise.  The latter behaviour is designed to
-make reviewing of the changes in the context of the whole
+This transformation limits the set of filepairs to those that change
+specified strings between the preimage and the postimage in a certain
+way.  -S<block of text> and -G<regular expression> options are used to
+specify different ways these strings are sought.
+
+"-S<block of text>" detects filepairs whose preimage and postimage
+have different number of occurrences of the specified block of text.
+By definition, it will not detect in-file moves.  Also, when a
+changeset moves a file wholesale without affecting the interesting
+string, diffcore-rename kicks in as usual, and `-S` omits the filepair
+(since the number of occurrences of that string didn't change in that
+rename-detected filepair).  When used with `--pickaxe-regex`, treat
+the <block of text> as an extended POSIX regular expression to match,
+instead of a literal string.
+
+"-G<regular expression>" (mnemonic: grep) detects filepairs whose
+textual diff has an added or a deleted line that matches the given
+regular expression.  This means that it will detect in-file (or what
+rename-detection considers the same file) moves, which is noise.  The
+implementation runs diff twice and greps, and this can be quite
+expensive.
+
+When `-S` or `-G` are used without `--pickaxe-all`, only filepairs
+that match their respective criterion are kept in the output.  When
+`--pickaxe-all` is used, if even one filepair matches their respective
+criterion in a changeset, the entire changeset is kept.  This behavior
+is designed to make reviewing changes in the context of the whole
 changeset easier.
 
-
 diffcore-order: For Sorting the Output Based on Filenames
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -254,7 +263,7 @@ pattern.  Filepairs that match a glob pattern on an earlier line
 in the file are output before ones that match a later line, and
 filepairs that do not match any glob pattern are output last.
 
-As an example, a typical orderfile for the core git probably
+As an example, a typical orderfile for the core Git probably
 would look like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/giteveryday.txt
index ae413e52a5..35473ad02f 100644
--- a/Documentation/everyday.txt
+++ b/Documentation/giteveryday.txt
@@ -1,22 +1,37 @@
-Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So
-===================================
+giteveryday(7)
+==============
 
-<<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential for
-anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone.
+NAME
+----
+giteveryday - A useful minimum set of commands for Everyday Git
 
-If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
-the <<Individual Developer (Participant)>> section as well.
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
 
-People who play the <<Integrator>> role need to learn some more
-commands in addition to the above.
+Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So
 
-<<Repository Administration>> commands are for system
-administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
-of git repositories.
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
 
+Git users can broadly be grouped into four categories for the purposes of
+describing here a small set of useful command for everyday Git.
 
-Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+*	<<STANDALONE,Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential
+	for anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone.
+
+*	If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
+	the <<PARTICIPANT,Individual Developer (Participant)>> section as well.
+
+*	People who play the <<INTEGRATOR,Integrator>> role need to learn some
+	more commands in addition to the above.
+
+*	<<ADMINISTRATION,Repository Administration>> commands are for system
+	administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
+	of Git repositories.
+
+
+Individual Developer (Standalone)[[STANDALONE]]
+-----------------------------------------------
 
 A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
 other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the
@@ -24,8 +39,6 @@ following commands.
 
   * linkgit:git-init[1] to create a new repository.
 
-  * linkgit:git-show-branch[1] to see where you are.
-
   * linkgit:git-log[1] to see what happened.
 
   * linkgit:git-checkout[1] and linkgit:git-branch[1] to switch
@@ -45,7 +58,7 @@ following commands.
 
   * linkgit:git-rebase[1] to maintain topic branches.
 
-  * linkgit:git-tag[1] to mark known point.
+  * linkgit:git-tag[1] to mark a known point.
 
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -75,37 +88,34 @@ $ edit/compile/test
 $ git diff HEAD <4>
 $ git commit -a -s <5>
 $ edit/compile/test
-$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <6>
-$ edit/compile/test
-$ git diff ORIG_HEAD <7>
-$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <8>
-$ git checkout master <9>
-$ git merge alsa-audio <10>
-$ git log --since='3 days ago' <11>
-$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <12>
+$ git diff HEAD^ <6>
+$ git commit -a --amend <7>
+$ git checkout master <8>
+$ git merge alsa-audio <9>
+$ git log --since='3 days ago' <10>
+$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <11>
 ------------
 +
 <1> create a new topic branch.
 <2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`.
-<3> you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and
+<3> you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and
 modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later.
 <4> to see what changes you are committing.
-<5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off.
-<6> take the last commit back, keeping what is in the working tree.
-<7> look at the changes since the premature commit we took back.
-<8> redo the commit undone in the previous step, using the message
-you originally wrote.
-<9> switch to the master branch.
-<10> merge a topic branch into your master branch.
-<11> review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
-combined and include `\--max-count=10` (show 10 commits),
-`\--until=2005-12-10`, etc.
-<12> view only the changes that touch what's in `curses/`
+<5> commit everything, as you have tested, with your sign-off.
+<6> look at all your changes including the previous commit.
+<7> amend the previous commit, adding all your new changes,
+using your original message.
+<8> switch to the master branch.
+<9> merge a topic branch into your master branch.
+<10> review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
+combined and include `-10` (to show up to 10 commits),
+`--until=2005-12-10`, etc.
+<11> view only the changes that touch what's in `curses/`
 directory, since `v2.43` tag.
 
 
-Individual Developer (Participant)[[Individual Developer (Participant)]]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Individual Developer (Participant)[[PARTICIPANT]]
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to
 learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in
@@ -123,6 +133,13 @@ addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.
   * linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to prepare e-mail submission, if
     you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.
 
+  * linkgit:git-send-email[1] to send your e-mail submission without
+    corruption by your MUA.
+
+  * linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to create a summary of changes
+    for your upstream to pull.
+
+
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -131,28 +148,34 @@ Clone the upstream and work on it.  Feed changes to upstream.::
 ------------
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
 $ cd my2.6
-$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <1>
-$ git format-patch origin <2>
-$ git pull <3>
-$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <4>
-$ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <5>
-$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <6>
-$ git gc <7>
-$ git fetch --tags <8>
+$ git checkout -b mine master <1>
+$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <2>
+$ git format-patch master <3>
+$ git send-email --to="person <email@example.com>" 00*.patch <4>
+$ git checkout master <5>
+$ git pull <6>
+$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <7>
+$ git ls-remote --heads http://git.kernel.org/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git <8>
+$ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <9>
+$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <10>
+$ git gc <11>
 ------------
 +
-<1> repeat as needed.
-<2> extract patches from your branch for e-mail submission.
-<3> `git pull` fetches from `origin` by default and merges into the
+<1> checkout a new branch `mine` from master.
+<2> repeat as needed.
+<3> extract patches from your branch, relative to master,
+<4> and email them.
+<5> return to `master`, ready to see what's new
+<6> `git pull` fetches from `origin` by default and merges into the
 current branch.
-<4> immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream
+<7> immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream
 since last time we checked, only in the
 area we are interested in.
-<5> fetch from a specific branch from a specific repository and merge.
-<6> revert the pull.
-<7> garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.
-<8> from time to time, obtain official tags from the `origin`
-and store them under `.git/refs/tags/`.
+<8> check the branch names in an external repository (if not known).
+<9> fetch from a specific branch `ALL` from a specific repository
+and merge it.
+<10> revert the pull.
+<11> garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.
 
 
 Push into another repository.::
@@ -166,7 +189,7 @@ remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
 branch.master.remote origin
 branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
 satellite$ git config remote.origin.push \
-           master:refs/remotes/satellite/master <3>
+	   +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/satellite/* <3>
 satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit
 satellite$ git push origin <4>
 
@@ -181,11 +204,12 @@ machine.
 <2> clone sets these configuration variables by default.
 It arranges `git pull` to fetch and store the branches of mothership
 machine to local `remotes/origin/*` remote-tracking branches.
-<3> arrange `git push` to push local `master` branch to
-`remotes/satellite/master` branch of the mothership machine.
-<4> push will stash our work away on `remotes/satellite/master`
-remote-tracking branch on the mothership machine.  You could use this
-as a back-up method.
+<3> arrange `git push` to push all local branches to
+their corresponding branch of the mothership machine.
+<4> push will stash all our work away on `remotes/satellite/*`
+remote-tracking branches on the mothership machine.  You could use this
+as a back-up method. Likewise, you can pretend that mothership
+"fetched" from you (useful when access is one sided).
 <5> on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite
 machine into the master branch.
 
@@ -195,17 +219,22 @@ Branch off of a specific tag.::
 $ git checkout -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
 $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a
 $ git checkout master
-$ git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 |
-  git am -3 -k <2>
+$ git cherry-pick v2.6.14..private2.6.14 <2>
 ------------
 +
 <1> create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind)
 tag.
 <2> forward port all changes in `private2.6.14` branch to `master` branch
-without a formal "merging".
+without a formal "merging". Or longhand +
+`git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 |
+  git am -3 -k`
 
+An alternate participant submission mechanism is using the
+`git request-pull` or pull-request mechanisms (e.g as used on
+GitHub (www.github.com) to notify your upstream of your
+contribution.
 
-Integrator[[Integrator]]
+Integrator[[INTEGRATOR]]
 ------------------------
 
 A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group
@@ -213,6 +242,13 @@ project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates
 them and publishes the result for others to use, using these
 commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.
 
+This section can also be used by those who respond to `git
+request-pull` or pull-request on GitHub (www.github.com) to
+integrate the work of others into their history. An sub-area
+lieutenant for a repository will act both as a participant and
+as an integrator.
+
+
   * linkgit:git-am[1] to apply patches e-mailed in from your
     contributors.
 
@@ -229,19 +265,19 @@ commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
 
-My typical GIT day.::
+A typical integrator's Git day.::
 +
 ------------
 $ git status <1>
-$ git show-branch <2>
+$ git branch --no-merged master <2>
 $ mailx <3>
 & s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply
 & s 7 8 ./+hold-linus
 & q
 $ git checkout -b topic/one master
-$ git am -3 -i -s -u ./+to-apply <4>
+$ git am -3 -i -s ./+to-apply <4>
 $ compile/test
-$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s -u ./+hold-linus <5>
+$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s ./+hold-linus <5>
 $ git checkout topic/one && git rebase master <6>
 $ git checkout pu && git reset --hard next <7>
 $ git merge topic/one topic/two && git merge hold/linus <8>
@@ -249,51 +285,51 @@ $ git checkout maint
 $ git cherry-pick master~4 <9>
 $ compile/test
 $ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <10>
-$ git fetch ko && git show-branch master maint 'tags/ko-*' <11>
-$ git push ko <12>
-$ git push ko v0.99.9x <13>
+$ git fetch ko && for branch in master maint next pu <11>
+    do
+	git show-branch ko/$branch $branch <12>
+    done
+$ git push --follow-tags ko <13>
 ------------
 +
-<1> see what I was in the middle of doing, if any.
-<2> see what topic branches I have and think about how ready
-they are.
+<1> see what you were in the middle of doing, if anything.
+<2> see which branches haven't been merged into `master` yet.
+Likewise for any other integration branches e.g. `maint`, `next`
+and `pu` (potential updates).
 <3> read mails, save ones that are applicable, and save others
-that are not quite ready.
-<4> apply them, interactively, with my sign-offs.
-<5> create topic branch as needed and apply, again with my
-sign-offs.
+that are not quite ready (other mail readers are available).
+<4> apply them, interactively, with your sign-offs.
+<5> create topic branch as needed and apply, again with sign-offs.
 <6> rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the
-master, nor exposed as a part of a stable branch.
+master or exposed as a part of a stable branch.
 <7> restart `pu` every time from the next.
 <8> and bundle topic branches still cooking.
 <9> backport a critical fix.
 <10> create a signed tag.
-<11> make sure I did not accidentally rewind master beyond what I
-already pushed out.  `ko` shorthand points at the repository I have
-at kernel.org, and looks like this:
+<11> make sure master was not accidentally rewound beyond that
+already pushed out.  `ko` shorthand points at the Git maintainer's
+repository at kernel.org, and looks like this:
 +
 ------------
-$ cat .git/remotes/ko
-URL: kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
-Pull: master:refs/tags/ko-master
-Pull: next:refs/tags/ko-next
-Pull: maint:refs/tags/ko-maint
-Push: master
-Push: next
-Push: +pu
-Push: maint
+(in .git/config)
+[remote "ko"]
+	url = kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
+	fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/ko/*
+	push = refs/heads/master
+	push = refs/heads/next
+	push = +refs/heads/pu
+	push = refs/heads/maint
 ------------
 +
-In the output from `git show-branch`, `master` should have
-everything `ko-master` has, and `next` should have
-everything `ko-next` has.
-
-<12> push out the bleeding edge.
-<13> push the tag out, too.
+<12> In the output from `git show-branch`, `master` should have
+everything `ko/master` has, and `next` should have
+everything `ko/next` has, etc.
+<13> push out the bleeding edge, together with new tags that point
+into the pushed history.
 
 
-Repository Administration[[Repository Administration]]
-------------------------------------------------------
+Repository Administration[[ADMINISTRATION]]
+-------------------------------------------
 
 A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up
 and maintain access to the repository by developers.
@@ -304,9 +340,19 @@ and maintain access to the repository by developers.
   * linkgit:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell'
     for shared central repository users.
 
-link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[update hook howto] has a good
+  * linkgit:git-http-backend[1] provides a server side implementation
+    of Git-over-HTTP ("Smart http") allowing both fetch and push services.
+
+  * linkgit:gitweb[1] provides a web front-end to Git repositories,
+    which can be set-up using the linkgit:git-instaweb[1] script.
+
+link:howto/update-hook-example.html[update hook howto] has a good
 example of managing a shared central repository.
 
+In addition there are a number of other widely deployed hosting, browsing
+and reviewing solutions such as:
+
+  * gitolite, gerrit code review, cgit and others.
 
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -332,25 +378,28 @@ Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.::
 ------------
 $ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
 # default: off
-# description: The git server offers access to git repositories
+# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories
 service git
 {
-        disable = no
-        type            = UNLISTED
-        port            = 9418
-        socket_type     = stream
-        wait            = no
-        user            = nobody
-        server          = /usr/bin/git-daemon
-        server_args     = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
-        log_on_failure  += USERID
+	disable = no
+	type            = UNLISTED
+	port            = 9418
+	socket_type     = stream
+	wait            = no
+	user            = nobody
+	server          = /usr/bin/git-daemon
+	server_args     = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
+	log_on_failure  += USERID
 }
 ------------
 +
 Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system.
 Others might be different.
 
-Give push/pull only access to developers.::
+Give push/pull only access to developers using git-over-ssh.::
+
+e.g. those using:
+`$ git push/pull ssh://host.xz/pub/scm/project`
 +
 ------------
 $ grep git /etc/passwd <1>
@@ -363,8 +412,8 @@ $ grep git /etc/shells <2>
 ------------
 +
 <1> log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not
-allow anything but `git push` and `git pull`.  The users should
-get an ssh access to the machine.
+allow anything but `git push` and `git pull`.  The users require
+ssh access to the machine.
 <2> in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used
 as the login shell.
 
@@ -401,13 +450,6 @@ for branch policy control.
 david is the release manager and is the only person who can
 create and push version tags.
 
-HTTP server to support dumb protocol transfer.::
-+
-------------
-dev$ git update-server-info <1>
-dev$ ftp user@isp.example.com <2>
-ftp> cp -r .git /home/user/myproject.git
-------------
-+
-<1> make sure your info/refs and objects/info/packs are up-to-date
-<2> upload to public HTTP server hosted by your ISP.
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
index d77a45aed6..212e254adc 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitglossary(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitglossary - A GIT Glossary
+gitglossary - A Git Glossary
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ SEE ALSO
 linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
index 28edefa202..d82e912e55 100644
--- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -3,28 +3,39 @@ githooks(5)
 
 NAME
 ----
-githooks - Hooks used by git
+githooks - Hooks used by Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-$GIT_DIR/hooks/*
+$GIT_DIR/hooks/* (or \`git config core.hooksPath`/*)
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Hooks are little scripts you can place in `$GIT_DIR/hooks`
-directory to trigger action at certain points.  When
-'git init' is run, a handful of example hooks are copied into the
-`hooks` directory of the new repository, but by default they are
-all disabled.  To enable a hook, rename it by removing its `.sample`
-suffix.
+Hooks are programs you can place in a hooks directory to trigger
+actions at certain points in git's execution. Hooks that don't have
+the executable bit set are ignored.
 
-NOTE: It is also a requirement for a given hook to be executable.
-However - in a freshly initialized repository - the `.sample` files are
-executable by default.
+By default the hooks directory is `$GIT_DIR/hooks`, but that can be
+changed via the `core.hooksPath` configuration variable (see
+linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
-This document describes the currently defined hooks.
+Before Git invokes a hook, it changes its working directory to either
+the root of the working tree in a non-bare repository, or to the
+$GIT_DIR in a bare repository.
+
+Hooks can get their arguments via the environment, command-line
+arguments, and stdin. See the documentation for each hook below for
+details.
+
+'git init' may copy hooks to the new repository, depending on its
+configuration. See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section in
+linkgit:git-init[1] for details. When the rest of this document refers
+to "default hooks" it's talking about the default template shipped
+with Git.
+
+The currently supported hooks are described below.
 
 HOOKS
 -----
@@ -32,15 +43,15 @@ HOOKS
 applypatch-msg
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This hook is invoked by 'git am' script.  It takes a single
+This hook is invoked by 'git am'.  It takes a single
 parameter, the name of the file that holds the proposed commit
-log message.  Exiting with non-zero status causes
-'git am' to abort before applying the patch.
+log message.  Exiting with a non-zero status causes 'git am' to abort
+before applying the patch.
 
 The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can
 be used to normalize the message into some project standard
-format (if the project has one). It can also be used to refuse
-the commit after inspecting the message file.
+format. It can also be used to refuse the commit after inspecting
+the message file.
 
 The default 'applypatch-msg' hook, when enabled, runs the
 'commit-msg' hook, if the latter is enabled.
@@ -73,10 +84,10 @@ pre-commit
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed
-with `\--no-verify` option.  It takes no parameter, and is
+with the `--no-verify` option.  It takes no parameters, and is
 invoked before obtaining the proposed commit log message and
-making a commit.  Exiting with non-zero status from this script
-causes the 'git commit' to abort.
+making a commit.  Exiting with a non-zero status from this script
+causes the 'git commit' command to abort before creating a commit.
 
 The default 'pre-commit' hook, when enabled, catches introduction
 of lines with trailing whitespaces and aborts the commit when
@@ -99,31 +110,31 @@ given); `template` (if a `-t` option was given or the
 configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the
 commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash`
 (if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by
-a commit SHA1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `\--amend` option was given).
+a commit SHA-1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
 
 If the exit status is non-zero, 'git commit' will abort.
 
 The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, and
-it is not suppressed by the `\--no-verify` option.  A non-zero exit
+it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option.  A non-zero exit
 means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit.  It should not
 be used as replacement for pre-commit hook.
 
-The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with git comments
+The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with Git comments
 out the `Conflicts:` part of a merge's commit message.
 
 commit-msg
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed
-with `\--no-verify` option.  It takes a single parameter, the
+with the `--no-verify` option.  It takes a single parameter, the
 name of the file that holds the proposed commit log message.
-Exiting with non-zero status causes the 'git commit' to
+Exiting with a non-zero status causes the 'git commit' to
 abort.
 
-The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can
-be used to normalize the message into some project standard
-format (if the project has one). It can also be used to refuse
-the commit after inspecting the message file.
+The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can be used
+to normalize the message into some project standard format. It
+can also be used to refuse the commit after inspecting the message
+file.
 
 The default 'commit-msg' hook, when enabled, detects duplicate
 "Signed-off-by" lines, and aborts the commit if one is found.
@@ -131,8 +142,8 @@ The default 'commit-msg' hook, when enabled, detects duplicate
 post-commit
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This hook is invoked by 'git commit'.  It takes no
-parameter, and is invoked after a commit is made.
+This hook is invoked by 'git commit'. It takes no parameters, and is
+invoked after a commit is made.
 
 This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
 the outcome of 'git commit'.
@@ -140,9 +151,11 @@ the outcome of 'git commit'.
 pre-rebase
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a branch
-from getting rebased.
-
+This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a
+branch from getting rebased.  The hook may be called with one or
+two parameters.  The first parameter is the upstream from which
+the series was forked.  The second parameter is the branch being
+rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch.
 
 post-checkout
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -173,9 +186,38 @@ if the merge failed due to conflicts.
 
 This hook can be used in conjunction with a corresponding pre-commit hook to
 save and restore any form of metadata associated with the working tree
-(eg: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc).  See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
+(e.g.: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc).  See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
 for an example of how to do this.
 
+pre-push
+~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is called by 'git push' and can be used to prevent a push from taking
+place.  The hook is called with two parameters which provide the name and
+location of the destination remote, if a named remote is not being used both
+values will be the same.
+
+Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook's standard
+input with lines of the form:
+
+  <local ref> SP <local sha1> SP <remote ref> SP <remote sha1> LF
+
+For instance, if the command +git push origin master:foreign+ were run the
+hook would receive a line like the following:
+
+  refs/heads/master 67890 refs/heads/foreign 12345
+
+although the full, 40-character SHA-1s would be supplied.  If the foreign ref
+does not yet exist the `<remote SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If a ref is to be
+deleted, the `<local ref>` will be supplied as `(delete)` and the `<local
+SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If the local commit was specified by something other
+than a name which could be expanded (such as `HEAD~`, or a SHA-1) it will be
+supplied as it was originally given.
+
+If this hook exits with a non-zero status, 'git push' will abort without
+pushing anything.  Information about why the push is rejected may be sent
+to the user by writing to standard error.
+
 [[pre-receive]]
 pre-receive
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -220,7 +262,7 @@ three parameters:
 
  - the name of the ref being updated,
  - the old object name stored in the ref,
- - and the new objectname to be stored in the ref.
+ - and the new object name to be stored in the ref.
 
 A zero exit from the update hook allows the ref to be updated.
 Exiting with a non-zero status prevents 'git-receive-pack'
@@ -236,9 +278,11 @@ does not know the entire set of branches, so it would end up
 firing one e-mail per ref when used naively, though.  The
 <<post-receive,'post-receive'>> hook is more suited to that.
 
-Another use suggested on the mailing list is to use this hook to
-implement access control which is finer grained than the one
-based on filesystem group.
+In an environment that restricts the users' access only to git
+commands over the wire, this hook can be used to implement access
+control without relying on filesystem ownership and group
+membership. See linkgit:git-shell[1] for how you might use the login
+shell to restrict the user's access to only git commands.
 
 Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
 'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
@@ -275,7 +319,7 @@ for the user.
 
 The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is
 a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks`
-directory in git distribution, which implements sending commit
+directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit
 emails.
 
 [[post-update]]
@@ -303,13 +347,43 @@ them.
 When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs
 'git update-server-info' to keep the information used by dumb
 transports (e.g., HTTP) up-to-date.  If you are publishing
-a git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
+a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
 probably enable this hook.
 
 Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
 'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
 for the user.
 
+push-to-checkout
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
+which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository, when
+the push tries to update the branch that is currently checked out
+and the `receive.denyCurrentBranch` configuration variable is set to
+`updateInstead`.  Such a push by default is refused if the working
+tree and the index of the remote repository has any difference from
+the currently checked out commit; when both the working tree and the
+index match the current commit, they are updated to match the newly
+pushed tip of the branch.  This hook is to be used to override the
+default behaviour.
+
+The hook receives the commit with which the tip of the current
+branch is going to be updated.  It can exit with a non-zero status
+to refuse the push (when it does so, it must not modify the index or
+the working tree).  Or it can make any necessary changes to the
+working tree and to the index to bring them to the desired state
+when the tip of the current branch is updated to the new commit, and
+exit with a zero status.
+
+For example, the hook can simply run `git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"`
+in order to emulate 'git fetch' that is run in the reverse direction
+with `git push`, as the two-tree form of `read-tree -u -m` is
+essentially the same as `git checkout` that switches branches while
+keeping the local changes in the working tree that do not interfere
+with the difference between the branches.
+
+
 pre-auto-gc
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -336,7 +410,7 @@ preceding SP is also omitted.  Currently, no commands pass any
 'extra-info'.
 
 The hook always runs after the automatic note copying (see
-"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt) has happened, and
+"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config[1]) has happened, and
 thus has access to these notes.
 
 The following command-specific comments apply:
diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
index 2e7328b830..63260f0056 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
+$HOME/.config/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
 A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
-git should ignore.
-Files already tracked by git are not affected; see the NOTES
+Git should ignore.
+Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
 below for details.
 
 Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
-When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
+When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
 `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
 order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
 precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
@@ -38,24 +38,32 @@ precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
  * Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
 
  * Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
-   variable 'core.excludesfile'.
+   variable `core.excludesFile`.
 
 Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
-be used. Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
-other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
-to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. Patterns which are
-specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
-with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
-the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
-the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.  Patterns which a user wants git to
-ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
-the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
-`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`.
-
-The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
+be used.
+
+ * Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
+   other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
+   to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file.
+
+ * Patterns which are
+   specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
+   with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
+   the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
+   the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.
+
+ * Patterns which a user wants Git to
+   ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
+   the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
+   `core.excludesFile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is
+   $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
+   empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.
+
+The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
 `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
-files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level git
+files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level Git
 tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
 use patterns from the sources specified above.
 
@@ -66,26 +74,35 @@ PATTERN FORMAT
    for readability.
 
  - A line starting with # serves as a comment.
+   Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns
+   that begin with a hash.
 
- - An optional prefix '!' which negates the pattern; any
+ - Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash
+   ("`\`").
+
+ - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any
    matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
-   included again.  If a negated pattern matches, this will
-   override lower precedence patterns sources.
+   included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent
+   directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn't list excluded
+   directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained
+   files have no effect, no matter where they are defined.
+   Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns
+   that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`".
 
  - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
    purpose of the following description, but it would only find
    a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
    directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
    regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
-   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
+   with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).
 
- - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
+ - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', Git treats it as
    a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
    pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file
    (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
    `.gitignore` file).
 
- - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
+ - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
    for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
    wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
    For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
@@ -96,14 +113,30 @@ PATTERN FORMAT
    For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
    "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
 
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "`abc`", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
+
 NOTES
 -----
 
 The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
-not tracked by git remain untracked.
-
-To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked,
-use 'git update-index {litdd}assume-unchanged'.
+not tracked by Git remain untracked.
 
 To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use
 'git rm --cached'.
@@ -148,13 +181,27 @@ Another example:
     $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
 --------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
+The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
 `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
 
+Example to exclude everything except a specific directory `foo/bar`
+(note the `/*` - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude
+everything within `foo/bar`):
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+    $ cat .gitignore
+    # exclude everything except directory foo/bar
+    /*
+    !/foo
+    /foo/*
+    !/foo/bar
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-rm[1], linkgit:git-update-index[1],
-linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
+linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5],
+linkgit:git-check-ignore[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt
index a17a354936..6ade002176 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitk.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ gitk(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitk - The git repository browser
+gitk - The Git repository browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'gitk' [<option>...] [<revs>] [--] [<path>...]
+'gitk' [<options>] [<revision range>] [\--] [<path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -16,21 +16,38 @@ Displays changes in a repository or a selected set of commits. This includes
 visualizing the commit graph, showing information related to each commit, and
 the files in the trees of each revision.
 
-Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk
-and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main
-git repository.
-
 OPTIONS
 -------
-To control which revisions to show, the command takes options applicable to
-the 'git rev-list' command (see linkgit:git-rev-list[1]).
-This manual page describes only the most
-frequently used options.
 
--n <number>::
---max-count=<number>::
+To control which revisions to show, gitk supports most options
+applicable to the 'git rev-list' command.  It also supports a few
+options applicable to the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the
+changes each commit introduces are shown.  Finally, it supports some
+gitk-specific options.
+
+gitk generally only understands options with arguments in the
+'sticked' form (see linkgit:gitcli[7]) due to limitations in the
+command-line parser.
+
+rev-list options and arguments
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.  See
+linkgit:git-rev-list[1] for a complete list.
+
+--all::
+
+	Show all refs (branches, tags, etc.).
+
+--branches[=<pattern>]::
+--tags[=<pattern>]::
+--remotes[=<pattern>]::
 
-	Limits the number of commits to show.
+	Pretend as if all the branches (tags, remote branches, resp.)
+	are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>'
+	is given, limit refs to ones matching given shell glob. If
+	pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the
+	end is implied.
 
 --since=<date>::
 
@@ -40,9 +57,9 @@ frequently used options.
 
 	Show commits older than a specific date.
 
---all::
+--date-order::
 
-	Show all branches.
+	Sort commits by date when possible.
 
 --merge::
 
@@ -51,19 +68,53 @@ frequently used options.
 	that modify the conflicted files and do not exist on all the heads
 	being merged.
 
---argscmd=<command>::
-	Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the list of
-	<revs> to show.  The command is expected to print on its standard
-	output a list of additional revs to be shown, one per line.
-	Use this instead of explicitly specifying <revs> if the set of
-	commits to show may vary between refreshes.
+--left-right::
 
---select-commit=<ref>::
+	Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable
+	from.  Commits from the left side are prefixed with a `<`
+	symbol and those from the right with a `>` symbol.
 
-	Automatically select the specified commit after loading the graph.
-	Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'.
+--full-history::
+
+	When filtering history with '<path>...', does not prune some
+	history.  (See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1]
+	for a more detailed explanation.)
+
+--simplify-merges::
+
+	Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless
+	merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
+	commits contributing to this merge.  (See "History
+	simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more detailed
+	explanation.)
+
+--ancestry-path::
 
-<revs>::
+	When given a range of commits to display
+	(e.g. 'commit1..commit2' or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only
+	display commits that exist directly on the ancestry chain
+	between the 'commit1' and 'commit2', i.e. commits that are
+	both descendants of 'commit1', and ancestors of 'commit2'.
+	(See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more
+	detailed explanation.)
+
+-L<start>,<end>:<file>::
+-L:<funcname>:<file>::
+
+	Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
+	(or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>.  You may
+	not give any pathspec limiters.  This is currently limited to
+	a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
+	give zero or one positive revision arguments.
+	You can specify this option more than once.
++
+*Note:* gitk (unlike linkgit:git-log[1]) currently only understands
+this option if you specify it "glued together" with its argument.  Do
+*not* put a space after `-L`.
++
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
+
+<revision range>::
 
 	Limit the revisions to show. This can be either a single revision
 	meaning show from the given revision and back, or it can be a range in
@@ -78,6 +129,23 @@ frequently used options.
 	avoid ambiguity with respect to revision names use "--" to separate the paths
 	from any preceding options.
 
+gitk-specific options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--argscmd=<command>::
+
+	Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the revision
+	range to show.  The command is expected to print on its
+	standard output a list of additional revisions to be shown,
+	one per line.  Use this instead of explicitly specifying a
+	'<revision range>' if the set of commits to show may vary
+	between refreshes.
+
+--select-commit=<ref>::
+
+	Select the specified commit after loading the graph.
+	Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'.
+
 Examples
 --------
 gitk v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi::
@@ -98,8 +166,21 @@ gitk --max-count=100 --all \-- Makefile::
 
 Files
 -----
-Gitk creates the .gitk file in your $HOME directory to store preferences
-such as display options, font, and colors.
+User configuration and preferences are stored at:
+
+* '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/gitk' if it exists, otherwise
+* '$HOME/.gitk' if it exists
+
+If neither of the above exist then '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/gitk' is created and
+used by default. If '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME' is not set it defaults to
+'$HOME/.config' in all cases.
+
+History
+-------
+Gitk was the first graphical repository browser. It's written in
+tcl/tk and started off in a separate repository but was later merged
+into the main Git repository.
+
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
@@ -108,10 +189,10 @@ SEE ALSO
 
 'gitview(1)'::
 	A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It's based on
-	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository.
+	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the Git repository.
 
 'tig(1)'::
-	A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written
+	A minimal repository browser and Git tool output highlighter written
 	in C using Ncurses.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index 4040941e55..ac70eca321 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -13,36 +13,45 @@ $GIT_WORK_DIR/.gitmodules
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a git
+The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a Git
 working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements
 of linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 The file contains one subsection per submodule, and the subsection value
-is the name of the submodule. Each submodule section also contains the
+is the name of the submodule. The name is set to the path where the
+submodule has been added unless it was customized with the '--name'
+option of 'git submodule add'. Each submodule section also contains the
 following required keys:
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
-	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the git
+	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the Git
 	working tree, where the submodule is expected to be checked out.
 	The path name must not end with a `/`. All submodule paths must
 	be unique within the .gitmodules file.
 
 submodule.<name>.url::
-	Defines an url from where the submodule repository can be cloned.
+	Defines a URL from which the submodule repository can be cloned.
 	This may be either an absolute URL ready to be passed to
 	linkgit:git-clone[1] or (if it begins with ./ or ../) a location
 	relative to the superproject's origin repository.
 
+In addition, there are a number of optional keys:
+
 submodule.<name>.update::
-	Defines what to do when the submodule is updated by the superproject.
-	If 'checkout' (the default), the new commit specified in the
-	superproject will be checked out in the submodule on a detached HEAD.
-	If 'rebase', the current branch of the submodule will be rebased onto
-	the commit specified in the superproject. If 'merge', the commit
-	specified in the superproject will be merged into the current branch
-	in the submodule.
-	This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given
-	the '--merge' or '--rebase' options.
+	Defines the default update procedure for the named submodule,
+	i.e. how the submodule is updated by "git submodule update"
+	command in the superproject. This is only used by `git
+	submodule init` to initialize the configuration variable of
+	the same name. Allowed values here are 'checkout', 'rebase',
+	'merge' or 'none'. See description of 'update' command in
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] for their meaning. Note that the
+	'!command' form is intentionally ignored here for security
+	reasons.
+
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	A remote branch name for tracking updates in the upstream submodule.
+	If the option is not specified, it defaults to 'master'.  See the
+	`--remote` documentation in linkgit:git-submodule[1] for details.
 
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
@@ -55,7 +64,9 @@ submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	Defines under what circumstances "git status" and the diff family show
 	a submodule as modified. When set to "all", it will never be considered
-	modified, "dirty" will ignore all changes to the submodules work tree and
+	modified (but will nonetheless show up in the output of status and
+	commit when it has been staged), "dirty" will ignore all changes
+	to the submodules work tree and
 	takes only differences between the HEAD of the submodule and the commit
 	recorded in the superproject into account. "untracked" will additionally
 	let submodules with modified tracked files in their work tree show up.
@@ -65,7 +76,8 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	the superproject, the setting there will override the one found in
 	.gitmodules.
 	Both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-	"--ignore-submodule" option.
+	"--ignore-submodule" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+	affected by this setting.
 
 
 EXAMPLES
@@ -84,7 +96,7 @@ Consider the following .gitmodules file:
 
 This defines two submodules, `libfoo` and `libbar`. These are expected to
 be checked out in the paths 'include/foo' and 'include/bar', and for both
-submodules an url is specified which can be used for cloning the submodules.
+submodules a URL is specified which can be used for cloning the submodules.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
index c6713cf5d7..7685e3651a 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ prevent duplication between new objects added to the repositories
 without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do.
 
 To specify a namespace, set the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment variable to
-the namespace.  For each ref namespace, git stores the corresponding
+the namespace.  For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding
 refs in a directory under `refs/namespaces/`.  For example,
 `GIT_NAMESPACE=foo` will store refs under `refs/namespaces/foo/`.  You
 can also specify namespaces via the `--namespace` option to
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
index 674797cd83..1e8659492f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-git-remote-helpers(1)
-=====================
+gitremote-helpers(1)
+====================
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-remote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
+gitremote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
 Remote helper programs are normally not used directly by end users,
-but they are invoked by git when it needs to interact with remote
-repositories git does not support natively.  A given helper will
-implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When git
+but they are invoked by Git when it needs to interact with remote
+repositories Git does not support natively.  A given helper will
+implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When Git
 needs to interact with a repository using a remote helper, it spawns
 the helper as an independent process, sends commands to the helper's
 standard input, and expects results from the helper's standard
 output. Because a remote helper runs as an independent process from
-git, there is no need to re-link git to add a new helper, nor any
-need to link the helper with the implementation of git.
+Git, there is no need to re-link Git to add a new helper, nor any
+need to link the helper with the implementation of Git.
 
-Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which git
+Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which Git
 uses to determine what other commands the helper will accept.  Those
 other commands can be used to discover and update remote refs,
 transport objects between the object database and the remote repository,
@@ -35,6 +35,37 @@ transport protocols, such as 'git-remote-http', 'git-remote-https',
 'git-remote-ftp' and 'git-remote-ftps'. They implement the capabilities
 'fetch', 'option', and 'push'.
 
+INVOCATION
+----------
+
+Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two
+arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in Git;
+it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second
+argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form
+'<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible.
+The `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set up for the remote helper
+and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from
+which directory to invoke auxiliary Git commands.
+
+When Git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
+'<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it
+automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as
+the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the
+command line, the first argument is the same as the second, and if it
+is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name
+of that remote.
+
+A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs Git to
+invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second
+argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line,
+the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a
+configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.
+
+Additionally, when a configured remote has `remote.<name>.vcs` set to
+'<transport>', Git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
+'<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is
+`remote.<name>.url`; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.
+
 INPUT FORMAT
 ------------
 
@@ -54,56 +85,20 @@ Capabilities
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Each remote helper is expected to support only a subset of commands.
-The operations a helper supports are declared to git in the response
+The operations a helper supports are declared to Git in the response
 to the `capabilities` command (see COMMANDS, below).
 
-'option'::
-	For specifying settings like `verbosity` (how much output to
-	write to stderr) and `depth` (how much history is wanted in the
-	case of a shallow clone) that affect how other commands are
-	carried out.
-
-'connect'::
-	For fetching and pushing using git's native packfile protocol
-	that requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
-
-'push'::
-	For listing remote refs and pushing specified objects from the
-	local object store to remote refs.
-
-'fetch'::
-	For listing remote refs and fetching the associated history to
-	the local object store.
-
-'import'::
-	For listing remote refs and fetching the associated history as
-	a fast-import stream.
-
-'refspec' <refspec>::
-	This modifies the 'import' capability, allowing the produced
-	fast-import stream to modify refs in a private namespace
-	instead of writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly.
-	It is recommended that all importers providing the 'import'
-	capability use this.
-+
-A helper advertising the capability
-`refspec refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/svn/origin/branches/{asterisk}`
-is saying that, when it is asked to `import refs/heads/topic`, the
-stream it outputs will update the `refs/svn/origin/branches/topic`
-ref.
-+
-This capability can be advertised multiple times.  The first
-applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
-advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
-the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
-there is an implied `refspec {asterisk}:{asterisk}`.
+In the following, we list all defined capabilities and for
+each we list which commands a helper with that capability
+must provide.
 
 Capabilities for Pushing
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 'connect'::
 	Can attempt to connect to 'git receive-pack' (for pushing),
-	'git upload-pack', etc for communication using the
-	packfile protocol.
+	'git upload-pack', etc for communication using
+	git's native packfile protocol. This
+	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
 +
 Supported commands: 'connect'.
 
@@ -113,16 +108,31 @@ Supported commands: 'connect'.
 +
 Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'push'.
 
-If a helper advertises both 'connect' and 'push', git will use
-'connect' if possible and fall back to 'push' if the helper requests
-so when connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
+'export'::
+	Can discover remote refs and push specified objects from a
+	fast-import stream to remote refs.
++
+Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'export'.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
+fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
+connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
+When choosing between 'push' and 'export', Git prefers 'push'.
+Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
+
+'no-private-update'::
+	When using the 'refspec' capability, git normally updates the
+	private ref on successful push. This update is disabled when
+	the remote-helper declares the capability 'no-private-update'.
+
 
 Capabilities for Fetching
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 'connect'::
 	Can try to connect to 'git upload-pack' (for fetching),
 	'git receive-pack', etc for communication using the
-	packfile protocol.
+	Git's native packfile protocol. This
+	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
 +
 Supported commands: 'connect'.
 
@@ -138,57 +148,81 @@ Supported commands: 'list', 'fetch'.
 +
 Supported commands: 'list', 'import'.
 
-If a helper advertises 'connect', git will use it if possible and
+'check-connectivity'::
+	Can guarantee that when a clone is requested, the received
+	pack is self contained and is connected.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
 fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
 connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
-When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', git prefers 'fetch'.
+When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', Git prefers 'fetch'.
 Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
 
+Miscellaneous capabilities
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+'option'::
+	For specifying settings like `verbosity` (how much output to
+	write to stderr) and `depth` (how much history is wanted in the
+	case of a shallow clone) that affect how other commands are
+	carried out.
+
 'refspec' <refspec>::
-	This modifies the 'import' capability.
+	For remote helpers that implement 'import' or 'export', this capability
+	allows the refs to be constrained to a private namespace, instead of
+	writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly.
+	It is recommended that all importers providing the 'import'
+	capability use this. It's mandatory for 'export'.
 +
-A helper advertising
-`refspec refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/svn/origin/branches/{asterisk}`
-in its capabilities is saying that, when it handles
-`import refs/heads/topic`, the stream it outputs will update the
-`refs/svn/origin/branches/topic` ref.
+A helper advertising the capability
+`refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*`
+is saying that, when it is asked to `import refs/heads/topic`, the
+stream it outputs will update the `refs/svn/origin/branches/topic`
+ref.
 +
 This capability can be advertised multiple times.  The first
 applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
 advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
 the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
-there is an implied `refspec {asterisk}:{asterisk}`.
-
-INVOCATION
-----------
-
-Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two
-arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in git;
-it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second
-argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form
-'<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible.
-The 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set up for the remote helper
-and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from
-which directory to invoke auxiliary git commands.
+there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
++
+When writing remote-helpers for decentralized version control
+systems, it is advised to keep a local copy of the repository to
+interact with, and to let the private namespace refs point to this
+local repository, while the refs/remotes namespace is used to track
+the remote repository.
 
-When git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
-'<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it
-automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as
-the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the
-command line, the first argument is the same as the second, and if it
-is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name
-of that remote.
+'bidi-import'::
+	This modifies the 'import' capability.
+	The fast-import commands 'cat-blob' and 'ls' can be used by remote-helpers
+	to retrieve information about blobs and trees that already exist in
+	fast-import's memory. This requires a channel from fast-import to the
+	remote-helper.
+	If it is advertised in addition to "import", Git establishes a pipe from
+	fast-import to the remote-helper's stdin.
+	It follows that Git and fast-import are both connected to the
+	remote-helper's stdin. Because Git can send multiple commands to
+	the remote-helper it is required that helpers that use 'bidi-import'
+	buffer all 'import' commands of a batch before sending data to fast-import.
+	This is to prevent mixing commands and fast-import responses on the
+	helper's stdin.
+
+'export-marks' <file>::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to dump the
+	internal marks table to <file> when complete. For details,
+	read up on '--export-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
+
+'import-marks' <file>::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to load the
+	marks specified in <file> before processing any input. For details,
+	read up on '--import-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
+
+'signed-tags'::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to pass
+	'--signed-tags=verbatim' to linkgit:git-fast-export[1].  In the
+	absence of this capability, Git will use '--signed-tags=warn-strip'.
 
-A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs git to
-invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second
-argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line,
-the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a
-configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.
 
-Additionally, when a configured remote has 'remote.<name>.vcs' set to
-'<transport>', git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
-'<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is
-'remote.<name>.url'; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
@@ -198,9 +232,11 @@ Commands are given by the caller on the helper's standard input, one per line.
 'capabilities'::
 	Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending
 	with a blank line. Each capability may be preceded with '*',
-	which marks them mandatory for git version using the remote
-	helper to understand (unknown mandatory capability is fatal
-	error).
+	which marks them mandatory for Git versions using the remote
+	helper to understand. Any unknown mandatory capability is a
+	fatal error.
++
+Support for this command is mandatory.
 
 'list'::
 	Lists the refs, one per line, in the format "<value> <name>
@@ -210,9 +246,20 @@ Commands are given by the caller on the helper's standard input, one per line.
 	the name; unrecognized attributes are ignored. The list ends
 	with a blank line.
 +
-If 'push' is supported this may be called as 'list for-push'
-to obtain the current refs prior to sending one or more 'push'
-commands to the helper.
+See REF LIST ATTRIBUTES for a list of currently defined attributes.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "fetch" or "import" capability.
+
+'list for-push'::
+	Similar to 'list', except that it is used if and only if
+	the caller wants to the resulting ref list to prepare
+	push commands.
+	A helper supporting both push and fetch can use this
+	to distinguish for which operation the output of 'list'
+	is going to be used, possibly reducing the amount
+	of work that needs to be performed.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "push" or "export" capability.
 
 'option' <name> <value>::
 	Sets the transport helper option <name> to <value>.  Outputs a
@@ -222,6 +269,8 @@ commands to the helper.
 	for it).  Options should be set before other commands,
 	and may influence the behavior of those commands.
 +
+See OPTIONS for a list of currently defined options.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
 
 'fetch' <sha1> <name>::
@@ -230,12 +279,15 @@ Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
 	per line, terminated with a blank line.
 	Outputs a single blank line when all fetch commands in the
 	same batch are complete. Only objects which were reported
-	in the ref list with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
+	in the output of 'list' with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
 +
 Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under
 GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be
 suitably updated.
 +
+If option 'check-connectivity' is requested, the helper must output
+'connectivity-ok' if the clone is self-contained and connected.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "fetch" capability.
 
 'push' +<src>:<dst>::
@@ -286,8 +338,29 @@ terminated with a blank line. For each batch of 'import', the remote
 helper should produce a fast-import stream terminated by a 'done'
 command.
 +
+Note that if the 'bidi-import' capability is used the complete batch
+sequence has to be buffered before starting to send data to fast-import
+to prevent mixing of commands and fast-import responses on the helper's
+stdin.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "import" capability.
 
+'export'::
+	Instructs the remote helper that any subsequent input is
+	part of a fast-import stream (generated by 'git fast-export')
+	containing objects which should be pushed to the remote.
++
+Especially useful for interoperability with a foreign versioning
+system.
++
+The 'export-marks' and 'import-marks' capabilities, if specified,
+affect this command in so far as they are passed on to 'git
+fast-export', which then will load/store a table of marks for
+local objects. This can be used to implement for incremental
+operations.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "export" capability.
+
 'connect' <service>::
 	Connects to given service. Standard input and standard output
 	of helper are connected to specified service (git prefix is
@@ -313,10 +386,9 @@ capabilities reported by the helper.
 REF LIST ATTRIBUTES
 -------------------
 
-'for-push'::
-	The caller wants to use the ref list to prepare push
-	commands.  A helper might chose to acquire the ref list by
-	opening a different type of connection to the destination.
+The 'list' command produces a list of refs in which each ref
+may be followed by a list of attributes. The following ref list
+attributes are defined.
 
 'unchanged'::
 	This ref is unchanged since the last import or fetch, although
@@ -324,6 +396,10 @@ REF LIST ATTRIBUTES
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+The following options are defined and (under suitable circumstances)
+set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability.
+
 'option verbosity' <n>::
 	Changes the verbosity of messages displayed by the helper.
 	A value of 0 for <n> means that processes operate
@@ -332,14 +408,14 @@ OPTIONS
 	of <n> correspond to the number of -v flags passed on the
 	command line.
 
-'option progress' \{'true'|'false'\}::
+'option progress' {'true'|'false'}::
 	Enables (or disables) progress messages displayed by the
 	transport helper during a command.
 
 'option depth' <depth>::
 	Deepens the history of a shallow repository.
 
-'option followtags' \{'true'|'false'\}::
+'option followtags' {'true'|'false'}::
 	If enabled the helper should automatically fetch annotated
 	tag objects if the object the tag points at was transferred
 	during the fetch command.  If the tag is not fetched by
@@ -347,7 +423,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	ask for the tag specifically.  Some helpers may be able to
 	use this option to avoid a second network connection.
 
-'option dry-run' \{'true'|'false'\}:
+'option dry-run' {'true'|'false'}:
 	If true, pretend the operation completed successfully,
 	but don't actually change any repository data.	For most
 	helpers this only applies to the 'push', if supported.
@@ -358,12 +434,35 @@ OPTIONS
 	must not rely on this option being set before
 	connect request occurs.
 
+'option check-connectivity' {'true'|'false'}::
+	Request the helper to check connectivity of a clone.
+
+'option force' {'true'|'false'}::
+	Request the helper to perform a force update.  Defaults to
+	'false'.
+
+'option cloning {'true'|'false'}::
+	Notify the helper this is a clone request (i.e. the current
+	repository is guaranteed empty).
+
+'option update-shallow {'true'|'false'}::
+	Allow to extend .git/shallow if the new refs require it.
+
+'option pushcert {'true'|'false'}::
+	GPG sign pushes.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-remote[1]
 
+linkgit:git-remote-ext[1]
+
+linkgit:git-remote-fd[1]
+
 linkgit:git-remote-testgit[1]
 
+linkgit:git-fast-import[1]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 5c891f1169..577ee844e0 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -12,12 +12,24 @@ $GIT_DIR/*
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
-directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
-`<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
-also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
-ASCII file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
-real git repository).
+A Git repository comes in two different flavours:
+
+ * a `.git` directory at the root of the working tree;
+
+ * a `<project>.git` directory that is a 'bare' repository
+   (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for
+   exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching
+   from it.
+
+*Note*: Also you can have a plain text file `.git` at the root of
+your working tree, containing `gitdir: <path>` to point at the real
+directory that has the repository.  This mechanism is often used for
+a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the
+containing superproject to `git checkout` a branch that does not
+have the submodule.  The `checkout` has to remove the entire
+submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository.
+
+These things may exist in a Git repository.
 
 objects::
 	Object store associated with this repository.  Usually
@@ -34,6 +46,9 @@ of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for
 use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as
 `objects/info/alternates` points at the object stores it
 borrows from.
++
+This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
+"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/objects" will be used instead.
 
 objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]::
 	A newly created object is stored in its own file.
@@ -80,7 +95,8 @@ refs::
 	References are stored in subdirectories of this
 	directory.  The 'git prune' command knows to preserve
 	objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
-	its subdirectories.
+	its subdirectories. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR
+	is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/refs" will be used instead.
 
 refs/heads/`name`::
 	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name`
@@ -93,16 +109,23 @@ refs/remotes/`name`::
 	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
 	from a remote repository.
 
+refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`::
+	records the SHA-1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
+	This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
+	maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged
+	between repositories while grafts are not.
+
 packed-refs::
 	records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
 	and friends record in a more efficient way.  See
-	linkgit:git-pack-refs[1].
+	linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]. This file is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR
+	is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/packed-refs" will be used instead.
 
 HEAD::
 	A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
 	describing the currently active branch.  It does not mean
 	much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
-	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository
+	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid Git repository
 	*must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
 	guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
 	(usually 'master').  It is legal if the named branch
@@ -115,6 +138,11 @@ being a symref to point at the current branch.  Such a state
 is often called 'detached HEAD.'  See linkgit:git-checkout[1]
 for details.
 
+config::
+	Repository specific configuration file. This file is ignored
+	if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/config" will be
+	used instead.
+
 branches::
 	A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
 	to specify a URL to 'git fetch', 'git pull' and 'git push'.
@@ -122,24 +150,34 @@ branches::
 	'name' can be given to these commands in place of
 	'repository' argument.  See the REMOTES section in
 	linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details.  This mechanism is legacy
-	and not likely to be found in modern repositories.
+	and not likely to be found in modern repositories. This
+	directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
+	"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/branches" will be used instead.
+
 
 hooks::
-	Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
+	Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git
 	commands.  A handful of sample hooks are installed when
 	'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by
 	default.  To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be
 	removed from the filename by renaming.
 	Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about
-	each hook.
+	each hook. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set
+	and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/hooks" will be used instead.
+
 
 index::
 	The current index file for the repository.  It is
 	usually not found in a bare repository.
 
+sharedindex.<SHA-1>::
+	The shared index part, to be referenced by $GIT_DIR/index and
+	other temporary index files. Only valid in split index mode.
+
 info::
 	Additional information about the repository is recorded
-	in this directory.
+	in this directory. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR
+	is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/index" will be used instead.
 
 info/refs::
 	This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are
@@ -158,25 +196,36 @@ info/grafts::
 	per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
 	listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
 	by a space and terminated by a newline.
++
+Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
+transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1]
+for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.
 
 info/exclude::
 	This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
 	exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
 	ignore file.  'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and
-	'git clean' look at it but the core git commands do not look
+	'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look
 	at it.  See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
+info/sparse-checkout::
+	This file stores sparse checkout patterns.
+	See also: linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
 remotes::
 	Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use
 	when interacting with remote repositories via 'git fetch',
 	'git pull' and 'git push' commands.  See the REMOTES section
 	in linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details.  This mechanism is legacy
-	and not likely to be found in modern repositories.
+	and not likely to be found in modern repositories. This
+	directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
+	"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/remotes" will be used instead.
 
 logs::
-	Records of changes made to refs are stored in this
-	directory.  See linkgit:git-update-ref[1]
-	for more information.
+	Records of changes made to refs are stored in this directory.
+	See linkgit:git-update-ref[1] for more information. This
+	directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
+	"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/logs" will be used instead.
 
 logs/refs/heads/`name`::
 	Records all changes made to the branch tip named `name`.
@@ -187,7 +236,45 @@ logs/refs/tags/`name`::
 shallow::
 	This is similar to `info/grafts` but is internally used
 	and maintained by shallow clone mechanism.  See `--depth`
-	option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+	option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1]. This
+	file is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
+	"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/shallow" will be used instead.
+
+commondir::
+	If this file exists, $GIT_COMMON_DIR (see linkgit:git[1]) will
+	be set to the path specified in this file if it is not
+	explicitly set. If the specified path is relative, it is
+	relative to $GIT_DIR. The repository with commondir is
+	incomplete without the repository pointed by "commondir".
+
+modules::
+	Contains the git-repositories of the submodules.
+
+worktrees::
+	Contains administrative data for linked
+	working trees. Each subdirectory contains the working tree-related
+	part of a linked working tree. This directory is ignored if
+	$GIT_COMMON_DIR is set, in which case
+	"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees" will be used instead.
+
+worktrees/<id>/gitdir::
+	A text file containing the absolute path back to the .git file
+	that points to here. This is used to check if the linked
+	repository has been manually removed and there is no need to
+	keep this directory any more. The mtime of this file should be
+	updated every time the linked repository is accessed.
+
+worktrees/<id>/locked::
+	If this file exists, the linked working tree may be on a
+	portable device and not available. The presence of this file
+	prevents `worktrees/<id>` from being pruned either automatically
+	or manually by `git worktree prune`. The file may contain a string
+	explaining why the repository is locked.
+
+worktrees/<id>/link::
+	If this file exists, it is a hard link to the linked .git
+	file. It is used to detect if the linked repository is
+	manually removed.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
index fc4789f98e..e903eb7860 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 gitrevisions(7)
-================
+===============
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for git
+gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
index f1e4422acc..30d2119565 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gittutorial-2(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to git: part two
+gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to Git: part two
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
 You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7] before reading this tutorial.
 
 The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of
-git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
+Git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
 provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest
-of the git documentation.
+of the Git documentation.
 
-The git object database
+The Git object database
 -----------------------
 
 Let's start a new project and create a small amount of history:
@@ -34,33 +34,33 @@ $ echo 'hello world' > file.txt
 $ git add .
 $ git commit -a -m "initial commit"
 [master (root-commit) 54196cc] initial commit
- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
  create mode 100644 file.txt
 $ echo 'hello world!' >file.txt
 $ git commit -a -m "add emphasis"
 [master c4d59f3] add emphasis
- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+ 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-What are the 7 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with?
+What are the 7 digits of hex that Git responded to the commit with?
 
 We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this.
-It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under
-a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA1 hash of the object's
-contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store
-the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1
-name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since
+It turns out that every object in the Git history is stored under
+a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA-1 hash of the object's
+contents; among other things, this ensures that Git will never store
+the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA-1
+name), and that the contents of a Git object will never change (since
 that would change the object's name as well). The 7 char hex strings
 here are simply the abbreviation of such 40 character long strings.
 Abbreviations can be used everywhere where the 40 character strings
 can be used, so long as they are unambiguous.
 
 It is expected that the content of the commit object you created while
-following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than
+following the example above generates a different SHA-1 hash than
 the one shown above because the commit object records the time when
 it was created and the name of the person performing the commit.
 
-We can ask git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
+We can ask Git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
 command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those
 from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few
 characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits:
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ A tree can refer to one or more "blob" objects, each corresponding to
 a file.  In addition, a tree can also refer to other tree objects,
 thus creating a directory hierarchy.  You can examine the contents of
 any tree using ls-tree (remember that a long enough initial portion
-of the SHA1 will also work):
+of the SHA-1 will also work):
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git ls-tree 92b8b694
 100644 blob 3b18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad    file.txt
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA1 hash is a
+Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA-1 hash is a
 reference to that file's data:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ $ git cat-file blob 3b18e512
 hello world
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in
+Note that this is the old file data; so the object that Git named in
 its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the
 directory state that was recorded by the first commit.
 
-All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git
+All of these objects are stored under their SHA-1 names inside the Git
 directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ ref: refs/heads/master
 
 As you can see, this tells us which branch we're currently on, and it
 tells us this by naming a file under the .git directory, which itself
-contains a SHA1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
+contains a SHA-1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
 examine with cat-file:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Besides blobs, trees, and commits, the only remaining type of object
 is a "tag", which we won't discuss here; refer to linkgit:git-tag[1]
 for details.
 
-So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a
+So now we know how Git uses the object database to represent a
 project's history:
 
   * "commit" objects refer to "tree" objects representing the
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ project's history:
 
 Note, by the way, that lots of commands take a tree as an argument.
 But as we can see above, a tree can be referred to in many different
-ways--by the SHA1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
+ways--by the SHA-1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
 refers to the tree, by the name of a branch whose head refers to that
 tree, etc.--and most such commands can accept any of these names.
 
@@ -368,17 +368,18 @@ situation:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#       new file: closing.txt
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#
-#       modified: file.txt
-#
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   closing.txt
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   file.txt
+
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 Since the current state of closing.txt is cached in the index file,
@@ -403,21 +404,21 @@ What next?
 
 At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man
 pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be
-with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git].  You
+with the commands mentioned in linkgit:giteveryday[7].  You
 should be able to find any unknown jargon in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more
-comprehensive introduction to git.
+comprehensive introduction to Git.
 
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] explains how to
-import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a
+import a CVS repository into Git, and shows how to use Git in a
 CVS-like way.
 
-For some interesting examples of git use, see the
+For some interesting examples of Git use, see the
 link:howto-index.html[howtos].
 
-For git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
-into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for
+For Git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
+into detail on the lower-level Git mechanisms involved in, for
 example, creating a new commit.
 
 SEE ALSO
@@ -427,7 +428,7 @@ linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
 linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
index dee050567e..b3b58d324e 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gittutorial(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
+gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ git *
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to import a new project into git, make
+This tutorial explains how to import a new project into Git, make
 changes to it, and share changes with other developers.
 
-If you are instead primarily interested in using git to fetch a project,
+If you are instead primarily interested in using Git to fetch a project,
 for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with
 the first two chapters of link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual].
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ $ git help log
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git with your name and
+It is a good idea to introduce yourself to Git with your name and
 public email address before doing any operation.  The easiest
 way to do so is:
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Importing a new project
 -----------------------
 
 Assume you have a tarball project.tar.gz with your initial work.  You
-can place it under git revision control as follows.
+can place it under Git revision control as follows.
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ tar xzf project.tar.gz
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
 You've now initialized the working directory--you may notice a new
 directory created, named ".git".
 
-Next, tell git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
+Next, tell Git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
 current directory (note the '.'), with 'git add':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git add .
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which git calls
+This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which Git calls
 the "index".  You can permanently store the contents of the index in the
 repository with 'git commit':
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ $ git commit
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 This will prompt you for a commit message.  You've now stored the first
-version of your project in git.
+version of your project in Git.
 
 Making changes
 --------------
@@ -107,14 +107,15 @@ summary of the situation with 'git status':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   file1
-#	modified:   file2
-#	modified:   file3
-#
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   file1
+	modified:   file2
+	modified:   file3
+
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 If you need to make any further adjustments, do so now, and then add any
@@ -139,9 +140,11 @@ them to the index, and commit, all in one step.
 A note on commit messages: Though not required, it's a good idea to
 begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character)
 line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more
-thorough description.  Tools that turn commits into email, for
-example, use the first line on the Subject: line and the rest of the
-commit in the body.
+thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit
+message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
+rest of the commit in the body.
 
 Git tracks content not files
 ----------------------------
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ $ git log --stat --summary
 Managing branches
 -----------------
 
-A single git repository can maintain multiple branches of
+A single Git repository can maintain multiple branches of
 development.  To create a new branch named "experimental", use
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -274,10 +277,10 @@ $ git branch -D crazy-idea
 Branches are cheap and easy, so this is a good way to try something
 out.
 
-Using git for collaboration
+Using Git for collaboration
 ---------------------------
 
-Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a git repository in
+Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a Git repository in
 /home/alice/project, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the
 same machine, wants to contribute.
 
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@ Note that in general, Alice would want her local changes committed before
 initiating this "pull".  If Bob's work conflicts with what Alice did since
 their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to
 resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the
-conflict resolution process (git will still perform the fetch but will
+conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will
 refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in
 some way and pull again when this happens).
 
@@ -420,7 +423,7 @@ bob$ git pull
 -------------------------------------
 
 Note that he doesn't need to give the path to Alice's repository;
-when Bob cloned Alice's repository, git stored the location of her
+when Bob cloned Alice's repository, Git stored the location of her
 repository in the repository configuration, and that location is
 used for pulls:
 
@@ -448,7 +451,7 @@ perform clones and pulls using the ssh protocol:
 bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
 -------------------------------------
 
-Alternatively, git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
+Alternatively, Git has a native protocol, or can use http;
 see linkgit:git-pull[1] for details.
 
 Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository
@@ -516,7 +519,7 @@ share this name with other people (for example, to identify a release
 version), you should create a "tag" object, and perhaps sign it; see
 linkgit:git-tag[1] for details.
 
-Any git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
+Any Git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
 names.  For example:
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -552,9 +555,9 @@ files it manages in your current directory.  So
 $ git grep "hello"
 -------------------------------------
 
-is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by git.
+is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by Git.
 
-Many git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
+Many Git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
 in a number of ways.  Here are some examples with 'git log':
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -590,7 +593,7 @@ then merged back together, the order in which 'git log' presents
 those commits is meaningless.
 
 Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel,
-or git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
+or Git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
 visualizing their history.  For example,
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -621,7 +624,7 @@ Next Steps
 
 This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision
 control for your projects.  However, to fully understand the depth
-and power of git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
+and power of Git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
 is based:
 
   * The object database is the rather elegant system used to
@@ -634,7 +637,7 @@ is based:
 
 Part two of this tutorial explains the object
 database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you'll
-need to make the most of git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
+need to make the most of Git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
 
 If you don't want to continue with that right away, a few other
 digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
@@ -654,7 +657,7 @@ digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
   * linkgit:gitworkflows[7]: Gives an overview of recommended
     workflows.
 
-  * link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT with 20 Commands Or So]
+  * linkgit:giteveryday[7]: Everyday Git with 20 Commands Or So.
 
   * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git for CVS users.
 
@@ -666,7 +669,7 @@ linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
 linkgit:gitworkflows[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
index 7aba497b74..a79e350246 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitweb.conf(5)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitweb.conf - Gitweb (git web interface) configuration file
+gitweb.conf - Gitweb (Git web interface) configuration file
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ stops declaring it.
 You can include other configuration file using read_config_file()
 subroutine.  For example, one might want to put gitweb configuration
 related to access control for viewing repositories via Gitolite (one
-of git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
+of Git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
 '/etc/gitweb-gitolite.conf'.  To include it, put
 
 --------------------------------------------------
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ and installing gitweb.
 Location of repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The configuration variables described below control how gitweb finds
-git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
+Git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
 
 See also "Repositories" and later subsections in linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ will fall back to scanning the `$projectroot` directory for repositories.
 
 $project_maxdepth::
 	If `$projects_list` variable is unset, gitweb will recursively
-	scan filesystem for git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
+	scan filesystem for Git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
 	is used to limit traversing depth, relative to `$projectroot`
 	(starting point); it means that directories which are further
 	from `$projectroot` than `$project_maxdepth` will be skipped.
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";
 +
 If not set (default), it means that this feature is disabled.
 +
-See also more involved example in "Controlling access to git repositories"
+See also more involved example in "Controlling access to Git repositories"
 subsection on linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
 $strict_export::
@@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ The values of these variables are paths on the filesystem.
 
 $GIT::
 	Core git executable to use.  By default set to `$GIT_BINDIR/git`, which
-	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use git installed
+	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use Git installed
 	from a binary package, you should usually set this to "/usr/bin/git".
 	This can just be "git" if your web server has a sensible PATH; from
 	security point of view it is better to use absolute path to git binary.
-	If you have multiple git versions installed it can be used to choose
+	If you have multiple Git versions installed it can be used to choose
 	which one to use.  Must be (correctly) set for gitweb to be able to
 	work.
 
 $mimetypes_file::
 	File to use for (filename extension based) guessing of MIME types before
 	trying '/etc/mime.types'.  *NOTE* that this path, if relative, is taken
-	as relative to the current git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
+	as relative to the current Git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
 	only '/etc/mime.types' is used (if present on filesystem).  If no mimetypes
 	file is found, mimetype guessing based on extension of file is disabled.
 	Unset by default.
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ $highlight_bin::
 	By default set to 'highlight'; set it to full path to highlight
 	executable if it is not installed on your web server's PATH.
 	Note that 'highlight' feature must be set for gitweb to actually
-	use syntax hightlighting.
+	use syntax highlighting.
 +
 *NOTE*: if you want to add support for new file type (supported by
 "highlight" but not used by gitweb), you need to modify `%highlight_ext`
@@ -336,15 +336,33 @@ $home_link_str::
 	used as the first component of gitweb's "breadcrumb trail":
 	`<home link> / <project> / <action>`.  Can be set at build time using
 	the `GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR` variable.  By default it is set to "projects",
-	as this link leads to the list of projects.  Other popular choice it to
-	set it to the name of site.
+	as this link leads to the list of projects.  Another popular choice is to
+	set it to the name of site.  Note that it is treated as raw HTML so it
+	should not be set from untrusted sources.
+
+@extra_breadcrumbs::
+	Additional links to be added to the start of the breadcrumb trail before
+	the home link, to pages that are logically "above" the gitweb projects
+	list, such as the organization and department which host the gitweb
+	server. Each element of the list is a reference to an array, in which
+	element 0 is the link text (equivalent to `$home_link_str`) and element
+	1 is the target URL (equivalent to `$home_link`).
++
+For example, the following setting produces a breadcrumb trail like
+"home / dev / projects / ..." where "projects" is the home link.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    our @extra_breadcrumbs = (
+      [ 'home' => 'https://www.example.org/' ],
+      [ 'dev'  => 'https://dev.example.org/' ],
+    );
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 $logo_url::
 $logo_label::
 	URI and label (title) for the Git logo link (or your site logo,
 	if you chose to use different logo image). By default, these both
-	refer to git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
-	to git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
+	refer to Git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
+	to Git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
 
 
 Changing gitweb's look
@@ -358,7 +376,7 @@ $site_name::
 	Name of your site or organization, to appear in page titles.  Set it
 	to something descriptive for clearer bookmarks etc.  If this variable
 	is not set or is, then gitweb uses the value of the `SERVER_NAME`
-	CGI environment variable, setting site name to "$SERVER_NAME Git",
+	`CGI` environment variable, setting site name to "$SERVER_NAME Git",
 	or "Untitled Git" if this variable is not set (e.g. if running gitweb
 	as standalone script).
 +
@@ -436,7 +454,7 @@ $fallback_encoding::
 	detection.
 +
 *Note* that rename and especially copy detection can be quite
-CPU-intensive.  Note also that non git tools can have problems with
+CPU-intensive.  Note also that non Git tools can have problems with
 patches generated with options mentioned above, especially when they
 involve file copies (\'-C') or criss-cross renames (\'-B').
 
@@ -451,7 +469,7 @@ looks does contain variables configuring administrative side of gitweb
 affects how "summary" pages look like, or load limiting).
 
 @git_base_url_list::
-	List of git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
+	List of Git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
 	describing from where to fetch a project, which are shown on
 	project summary page.  The full fetch URL is "`$git_base_url/$project`",
 	for each element of this list. You can set up multiple base URLs
@@ -464,12 +482,12 @@ project config.  Per-repository configuration takes precedence over value
 composed from `@git_base_url_list` elements and project name.
 +
 You can setup one single value (single entry/item in this list) at build
-time by setting the `GITWEB_BASE_URL` built-time configuration variable.
+time by setting the `GITWEB_BASE_URL` build-time configuration variable.
 By default it is set to (), i.e. an empty list.  This means that gitweb
 would not try to create project URL (to fetch) from project name.
 
 $projects_list_group_categories::
-	Whether to enables the grouping of projects by category on the project
+	Whether to enable the grouping of projects by category on the project
 	list page. The category of a project is determined by the
 	`$GIT_DIR/category` file or the `gitweb.category` variable in each
 	repository's configuration.  Disabled by default (set to 0).
@@ -499,6 +517,13 @@ $maxload::
 Set `$maxload` to undefined value (`undef`) to turn this feature off.
 The default value is 300.
 
+$omit_age_column::
+	If true, omit the column with date of the most current commit on the
+	projects list page. It can save a bit of I/O and a fork per repository.
+
+$omit_owner::
+	If true prevents displaying information about repository owner.
+
 $per_request_config::
 	If this is set to code reference, it will be run once for each request.
 	You can	set parts of configuration that change per session this way.
@@ -605,13 +630,13 @@ need to set this element to empty list i.e. `[]`.
 
 override::
 	If this field has a true value then the given feature is
-	overriddable, which means that it can be configured
+	overridable, which means that it can be configured
 	(or enabled/disabled) on a per-repository basis.
 +
 Usually given "<feature>" is configurable via the `gitweb.<feature>`
-config variable in the per-repository git configuration file.
+config variable in the per-repository Git configuration file.
 +
-*Note* that no feature is overriddable by default.
+*Note* that no feature is overridable by default.
 
 sub::
 	Internal detail of implementation.  What is important is that
@@ -681,7 +706,7 @@ show-sizes::
 	I/O.  Enabled by default.
 +
 This feature can be configured on a per-repository basis via
-repository's `gitweb.showsizes` configuration variable (boolean).
+repository's `gitweb.showSizes` configuration variable (boolean).
 
 patches::
 	Enable and configure "patches" view, which displays list of commits in email
@@ -749,14 +774,14 @@ Project specific override is not supported.
 forks::
 	If this feature is enabled, gitweb considers projects in
 	subdirectories of project root (basename) to be forks of existing
-	projects.  For each project `$projname.git`, projects in the
-	`$projname/` directory and its subdirectories will not be
-	shown in the main projects list.  Instead, a \'+' mark is shown
-	next to `$projname`, which links to a "forks" view that lists all
-	the forks (all projects in `$projname/` subdirectory).  Additionally
+	projects.  For each project +$projname.git+, projects in the
+	+$projname/+ directory and its subdirectories will not be
+	shown in the main projects list.  Instead, a \'\+' mark is shown
+	next to +$projname+, which links to a "forks" view that lists all
+	the forks (all projects in +$projname/+ subdirectory).  Additionally
 	a "forks" view for a project is linked from project summary page.
 +
-If the project list is taken from a file (`$projects_list` points to a
+If the project list is taken from a file (+$projects_list+ points to a
 file), forks are only recognized if they are listed after the main project
 in that file.
 +
@@ -775,7 +800,7 @@ filesystem (i.e. "$projectroot/$project"), `%h` to the current hash
 (\'hb' gitweb parameter); `%%` expands to \'%'.
 +
 For example, at the time this page was written, the http://repo.or.cz[]
-git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
+Git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
 (using the third party tool *git-browser*):
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -789,26 +814,26 @@ This adds a link titled "graphiclog" after the "summary" link, leading to
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
 timed::
-	Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands it took to
+	Enable displaying how much time and how many Git commands it took to
 	generate and display each page in the page footer (at the bottom of
 	page).  For example the footer might contain: "This page took 6.53325
-	seconds and 13 git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
+	seconds and 13 Git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
 +
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
 javascript-timezone::
-	Enable and configure the ability to change a common timezone for dates
+	Enable and configure the ability to change a common time zone for dates
 	in gitweb output via JavaScript.  Dates in gitweb output include
 	authordate and committerdate in "commit", "commitdiff" and "log"
 	views, and taggerdate in "tag" view.  Enabled by default.
 +
-The value is a list of three values: a default timezone (for if the client
-hasn't selected some other timezone and saved it in a cookie), a name of cookie
-where to store selected timezone, and a CSS class used to mark up
+The value is a list of three values: a default time zone (for if the client
+hasn't selected some other time zone and saved it in a cookie), a name of cookie
+where to store selected time zone, and a CSS class used to mark up
 dates for manipulation.  If you want to turn this feature off, set "default"
 to empty list: `[]`.
 +
-Typical gitweb config files will only change starting (default) timezone,
+Typical gitweb config files will only change starting (default) time zone,
 and leave other elements at their default values:
 +
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -818,12 +843,49 @@ $feature{'javascript-timezone'}{'default'}[0] = "utc";
 The example configuration presented here is guaranteed to be backwards
 and forward compatible.
 +
-Timezone values can be "local" (for local timezone that browser uses), "utc"
+Time zone values can be "local" (for local time zone that browser uses), "utc"
 (what gitweb uses when JavaScript or this feature is disabled), or numerical
-timezones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200".
+time zones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200".
 +
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
+extra-branch-refs::
+	List of additional directories under "refs" which are going to
+	be used as branch refs. For example if you have a gerrit setup
+	where all branches under refs/heads/ are official,
+	push-after-review ones and branches under refs/sandbox/,
+	refs/wip and refs/other are user ones where permissions are
+	much wider, then you might want to set this variable as
+	follows:
++
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'default'} =
+	['sandbox', 'wip', 'other'];
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+This feature can be configured on per-repository basis after setting
+$feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'override'} to true, via repository's
+`gitweb.extraBranchRefs` configuration variable, which contains a
+space separated list of refs. An example:
++
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[gitweb]
+	extraBranchRefs = sandbox wip other
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+The gitweb.extraBranchRefs is actually a multi-valued configuration
+variable, so following example is also correct and the result is the
+same as of the snippet above:
++
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[gitweb]
+	extraBranchRefs = sandbox
+	extraBranchRefs = wip other
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+It is an error to specify a ref that does not pass "git check-ref-format"
+scrutiny. Duplicated values are filtered.
+
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -842,7 +904,7 @@ the following in your GITWEB_CONFIG file:
 	$feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 1;
 
 If you allow overriding for the snapshot feature, you can specify which
-snapshot formats are globally disabled. You can also add any command line
+snapshot formats are globally disabled. You can also add any command-line
 options you want (such as setting the compression level). For instance, you
 can disable Zip compressed snapshots and set *gzip*(1) to run at level 6 by
 adding the following lines to your gitweb configuration file:
@@ -850,6 +912,13 @@ adding the following lines to your gitweb configuration file:
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'zip'}{'disabled'} = 1;
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'tgz'}{'compressor'} = ['gzip','-6'];
 
+BUGS
+----
+Debugging would be easier if the fallback configuration file
+(`/etc/gitweb.conf`) and environment variable to override its location
+('GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM') had names reflecting their "fallback" role.
+The current names are kept to avoid breaking working setups.
+
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
 The location of per-instance and system-wide configuration files can be
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
index 605a085326..96156e5e1f 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ gitweb - Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a git repository.
+To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a Git repository.
 This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to
 gitweb.
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Gitweb provides a web interface to git repositories.  It's features include:
+Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories.  Its features include:
 
 * Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root.
 * Browsing every revision of the repository.
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ our $projectroot = '/path/to/parent/directory';
 The default value for `$projectroot` is '/pub/git'.  You can change it during
 building gitweb via `GITWEB_PROJECTROOT` build configuration variable.
 
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
 to gitweb.  The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the
-`$projectroot` directory for git repositories (for object databases to be
+`$projectroot` directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be
 more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited
 to showing "bare" repositories).
 
-The name of repository in gitweb is path to it's `$GIT_DIR` (it's object
+The name of the repository in gitweb is the path to its `$GIT_DIR` (its object
 database) relative to `$projectroot`.  Therefore the repository $repo can be
 found at "$projectroot/$repo".
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ separator (rules for Perl's "`split(" ", $line)`").
 
 * Fields use modified URI encoding, defined in RFC 3986, section 2.1
 (Percent-Encoding), or rather "Query string encoding" (see
-link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding[]), the difference
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding[]), the difference
 being that SP (" ") can be encoded as "{plus}" (and therefore "{plus}" has to be
 also percent-encoded).
 +
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ foo/bar.git   O+W+Ner+<owner@example.org>
 
 
 By default this file controls only which projects are *visible* on projects
-list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized git
+list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git
 repositories won't be displayed by gitweb).  Even if a project is not
 visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting
 a gitweb URL.  By setting `$strict_export` configuration variable (see
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ as projects list file, which means that you can set `$projects_list` to its
 filename.
 
 
-Controlling access to git repositories
+Controlling access to Git repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
 available to gitweb.  You can however configure how gitweb controls access
 to repositories.
 
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@ $export_auth_hook = sub {
 Per-repository gitweb configuration
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file
-in the 'GIT_DIR' of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
-variable (in 'GIT_DIR/config', see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+in the `GIT_DIR` of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
+variable (in `GIT_DIR/config`, see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 You can use the following files in repository:
 
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ repositories, you can configure Apache like this:
 
 The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
 '/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`,
-both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
+both as clonable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
 start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all`
 then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path.
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ $projectroot = $ENV{'GITWEB_PROJECTROOT'} || "/pub/git";
 referenced by `$per_request_config`;
 
 These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (`<user>`) of
-the server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in
+the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in
 '~/public_git/' with the following url:
 
   http://git.example.org/~<user>/
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ The additional AliasMatch makes it so that
 
   http://git.example.com/project.git
 
-will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can be
+will give raw access to the project's Git dir (so that the project can be
 cloned), while
 
   http://git.example.com/project
diff --git a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
index 5e4f362ff8..f16c414ea7 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitworkflows(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with git
+gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ To achieve this, try to split your work into small steps from the very
 beginning. It is always easier to squash a few commits together than
 to split one big commit into several.  Don't be afraid of making too
 small or imperfect steps along the way. You can always go back later
-and edit the commits with `git rebase \--interactive` before you
-publish them.  You can use `git stash save \--keep-index` to run the
+and edit the commits with `git rebase --interactive` before you
+publish them.  You can use `git stash save --keep-index` to run the
 test suite independent of other uncommitted changes; see the EXAMPLES
 section of linkgit:git-stash[1].
 
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@ tag to the tip of 'master' indicating the release version:
 .Release tagging
 [caption="Recipe: "]
 =====================================
-`git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
+`git tag -s -m "Git X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
 =====================================
 
-You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see
+You need to push the new tag to a public Git server (see
 "DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to
 others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a
 post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
index 3595b586bc..8ad29e61a9 100644
--- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 [[def_alternate_object_database]]alternate object database::
 	Via the alternates mechanism, a <<def_repository,repository>>
 	can inherit part of its <<def_object_database,object database>>
-	from another object database, which is called "alternate".
+	from another object database, which is called an "alternate".
 
 [[def_bare_repository]]bare repository::
 	A bare repository is normally an appropriately
 	named <<def_directory,directory>> with a `.git` suffix that does not
 	have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under
-	revision control. That is, all of the `git`
+	revision control. That is, all of the Git
 	administrative and control files that would normally be present in the
 	hidden `.git` sub-directory are directly present in the
 	`repository.git` directory instead,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> on a branch is referred to as the tip of
 	that branch.  The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch
 	<<def_head,head>>, which moves forward as additional development
-	is done on the branch.  A single git
+	is done on the branch.  A single Git
 	<<def_repository,repository>> can track an arbitrary number of
 	branches, but your <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is
 	associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out"
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> could be one of its <<def_parent,parents>>).
 
 [[def_changeset]]changeset::
-	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since git does not
+	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since Git does not
 	store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term
-	"changesets" with git.
+	"changesets" with Git.
 
 [[def_checkout]]checkout::
 	The action of updating all or part of the
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 [[def_cherry-picking]]cherry-picking::
 	In <<def_SCM,SCM>> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of
 	changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them
-	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is
+	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is
 	performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced
 	by an existing <<def_commit,commit>> and to record it based on the tip
 	of the current <<def_branch,branch>> as a new commit.
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@
 
 [[def_commit]]commit::
 	As a noun: A single point in the
-	git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
+	Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
 	set of interrelated commits.  The word "commit" is often
-	used by git in the same places other revision control systems
+	used by Git in the same places other revision control systems
 	use the words "revision" or "version".  Also used as a short
 	hand for <<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
 +
 As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's
-state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
+state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
 state of the <<def_index,index>> and advancing <<def_HEAD,HEAD>>
 to point at the new commit.
 
@@ -82,8 +82,20 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
 	revision.
 
-[[def_core_git]]core git::
-	Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited
+[[def_commit-ish]]commit-ish (also committish)::
+	A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> or an
+	<<def_object,object>> that can be recursively dereferenced to
+	a commit object.
+	The following are all commit-ishes:
+	a commit object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a commit
+	object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a
+	commit object,
+	etc.
+
+[[def_core_git]]core Git::
+	Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
 	source code management tools.
 
 [[def_DAG]]DAG::
@@ -100,12 +112,22 @@ to point at the new commit.
 
 [[def_detached_HEAD]]detached HEAD::
 	Normally the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> stores the name of a
-	<<def_branch,branch>>.  However, git also allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>>
-	an arbitrary <<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
-	particular branch.  In this case HEAD is said to be "detached".
-
-[[def_dircache]]dircache::
-	You are *waaaaay* behind. See <<def_index,index>>.
+	<<def_branch,branch>>, and commands that operate on the
+	history HEAD represents operate on the history leading to the
+	tip of the branch the HEAD points at.  However, Git also
+	allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>> an arbitrary
+	<<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
+	particular branch.  The HEAD in such a state is called
+	"detached".
++
+Note that commands that operate on the history of the current branch
+(e.g. `git commit` to build a new history on top of it) still work
+while the HEAD is detached. They update the HEAD to point at the tip
+of the updated history without affecting any branch.  Commands that
+update or inquire information _about_ the current branch (e.g. `git
+branch --set-upstream-to` that sets what remote-tracking branch the
+current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no
+(real) current branch to ask about in this state.
 
 [[def_directory]]directory::
 	The list you get with "ls" :-)
@@ -115,11 +137,6 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	it contains modifications which have not been <<def_commit,committed>> to the current
 	<<def_branch,branch>>.
 
-[[def_ent]]ent::
-	Favorite synonym to "<<def_tree-ish,tree-ish>>" by some total geeks. See
-	`http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth)` for an in-depth
-	explanation. Avoid this term, not to confuse people.
-
 [[def_evil_merge]]evil merge::
 	An evil merge is a <<def_merge,merge>> that introduces changes that
 	do not appear in any <<def_parent,parent>>.
@@ -128,7 +145,7 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	A fast-forward is a special type of <<def_merge,merge>> where you have a
 	<<def_revision,revision>> and you are "merging" another
 	<<def_branch,branch>>'s changes that happen to be a descendant of what
-	you have. In such these cases, you do not make a new <<def_merge,merge>>
+	you have. In such a case, you do not make a new <<def_merge,merge>>
 	<<def_commit,commit>> but instead just update to his
 	revision. This will happen frequently on a
 	<<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branch>> of a remote
@@ -142,22 +159,30 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	and to get them, too.  See also linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_file_system]]file system::
-	Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system,
+	Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system,
 	i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the
-	efficiency and speed of git.
+	efficiency and speed of Git.
 
-[[def_git_archive]]git archive::
+[[def_git_archive]]Git archive::
 	Synonym for <<def_repository,repository>> (for arch people).
 
+[[def_gitfile]]gitfile::
+	A plain file `.git` at the root of a working tree that
+	points at the directory that is the real repository.
+
 [[def_grafts]]grafts::
 	Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined
 	together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way
-	you can make git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
+	you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
 	is different from what was recorded when the commit was
 	created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file.
++
+Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
+transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1]
+for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.
 
 [[def_hash]]hash::
-	In git's context, synonym to <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+	In Git's context, synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_head]]head::
 	A <<def_ref,named reference>> to the <<def_commit,commit>> at the tip of a
@@ -177,14 +202,14 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	A synonym for <<def_head,head>>.
 
 [[def_hook]]hook::
-	During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made
+	During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made
 	to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or
 	checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified
 	and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the
 	operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the
 	`$GIT_DIR/hooks/` directory, and are enabled by simply
 	removing the `.sample` suffix from the filename. In earlier versions
-	of git you had to make them executable.
+	of Git you had to make them executable.
 
 [[def_index]]index::
 	A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored
@@ -201,7 +226,7 @@ to point at the new commit.
 
 [[def_master]]master::
 	The default development <<def_branch,branch>>. Whenever you
-	create a git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
+	create a Git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
 	"master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
 	cases, this contains the local development, though that is
 	purely by convention and is not required.
@@ -228,8 +253,8 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 "merge".
 
 [[def_object]]object::
-	The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the
-	<<def_SHA1,SHA1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
+	The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the
+	<<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
 	object can not be changed.
 
 [[def_object_database]]object database::
@@ -241,10 +266,9 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_object_name]]object name::
-	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>. The <<def_hash,hash>>
-	of the object's contents using the Secure Hash Algorithm
-	1 and usually represented by the 40 character hexadecimal encoding of
-	the <<def_hash,hash>> of the object.
+	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>.  The
+	object name is usually represented by a 40 character
+	hexadecimal string.  Also colloquially called <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>.
 
 [[def_object_type]]object type::
 	One of the identifiers "<<def_commit_object,commit>>",
@@ -253,14 +277,13 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	<<def_object,object>>.
 
 [[def_octopus]]octopus::
-	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>. Also denotes an
-	intelligent predator.
+	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>.
 
 [[def_origin]]origin::
 	The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have
 	at least one upstream project which they track. By default
 	'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates
-	will be fetched into remote <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
+	will be fetched into <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
 	origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using
 	`git branch -r`.
 
@@ -274,7 +297,7 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	pack.
 
 [[def_pathspec]]pathspec::
-       Pattern used to specify paths.
+	Pattern used to limit paths in Git commands.
 +
 Pathspecs are used on the command line of "git ls-files", "git
 ls-tree", "git add", "git grep", "git diff", "git checkout",
@@ -283,6 +306,8 @@ limit the scope of operations to some subset of the tree or
 worktree.  See the documentation of each command for whether
 paths are relative to the current directory or toplevel.  The
 pathspec syntax is as follows:
++
+--
 
 * any path matches itself
 * the pathspec up to the last slash represents a
@@ -292,41 +317,78 @@ pathspec syntax is as follows:
   of the pathname.  Paths relative to the directory
   prefix will be matched against that pattern using fnmatch(3);
   in particular, '*' and '?' _can_ match directory separators.
+
+--
 +
 For example, Documentation/*.jpg will match all .jpg files
 in the Documentation subtree,
 including Documentation/chapter_1/figure_1.jpg.
-
 +
 A pathspec that begins with a colon `:` has special meaning.  In the
 short form, the leading colon `:` is followed by zero or more "magic
 signature" letters (which optionally is terminated by another colon `:`),
-and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path. The optional
-colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be omitted if the pattern
-begins with a character that cannot be a "magic signature" and is not a
-colon.
+and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path.
+The "magic signature" consists of ASCII symbols that are neither
+alphanumeric, glob, regex special characters nor colon.
+The optional colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be
+omitted if the pattern begins with a character that does not belong to
+"magic signature" symbol set and is not a colon.
 +
 In the long form, the leading colon `:` is followed by a open
 parenthesis `(`, a comma-separated list of zero or more "magic words",
 and a close parentheses `)`, and the remainder is the pattern to match
 against the path.
 +
-The "magic signature" consists of an ASCII symbol that is not
-alphanumeric.
+A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
+should not be combined with other pathspec.
 +
 --
-top `/`;;
-	The magic word `top` (mnemonic: `/`) makes the pattern match
-	from the root of the working tree, even when you are running
-	the command from inside a subdirectory.
---
+top;;
+	The magic word `top` (magic signature: `/`) makes the pattern
+	match from the root of the working tree, even when you are
+	running the command from inside a subdirectory.
+
+literal;;
+	Wildcards in the pattern such as `*` or `?` are treated
+	as literal characters.
+
+icase;;
+	Case insensitive match.
+
+glob;;
+	Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for
+	consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
+	wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
+	For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
+	"Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
+	or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".
 +
-Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as the "magic signature",
-but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later
-versions of git.
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
 +
-A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
-should not be combined with other pathspec.
+Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic.
+
+exclude;;
+	After a path matches any non-exclude pathspec, it will be run
+	through all exclude pathspec (magic signature: `!`). If it
+	matches, the path is ignored.
+--
 
 [[def_parent]]parent::
 	A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> contains a (possibly empty) list
@@ -341,14 +403,36 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	particular line of text. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
 
 [[def_plumbing]]plumbing::
-	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core git>>.
+	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core Git>>.
 
 [[def_porcelain]]porcelain::
 	Cute name for programs and program suites depending on
-	<<def_core_git,core git>>, presenting a high level access to
-	core git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
+	<<def_core_git,core Git>>, presenting a high level access to
+	core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
 	interface than the <<def_plumbing,plumbing>>.
 
+[[def_per_worktree_ref]]per-worktree ref::
+	Refs that are per-<<def_working_tree,worktree>>, rather than
+	global.  This is presently only <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> and any refs
+	that start with `refs/bisect/`, but might later include other
+	unusual refs.
+
+[[def_pseudoref]]pseudoref::
+	Pseudorefs are a class of files under `$GIT_DIR` which behave
+	like refs for the purposes of rev-parse, but which are treated
+	specially by git.  Pseudorefs both have names that are all-caps,
+	and always start with a line consisting of a
+	<<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> followed by whitespace.  So, HEAD is not a
+	pseudoref, because it is sometimes a symbolic ref.  They might
+	optionally contain some additional data.  `MERGE_HEAD` and
+	`CHERRY_PICK_HEAD` are examples.  Unlike
+	<<def_per_worktree_ref,per-worktree refs>>, these files cannot
+	be symbolic refs, and never have reflogs.  They also cannot be
+	updated through the normal ref update machinery.  Instead,
+	they are updated by directly writing to the files.  However,
+	they can be read as if they were refs, so `git rev-parse
+	MERGE_HEAD` will work.
+
 [[def_pull]]pull::
 	Pulling a <<def_branch,branch>> means to <<def_fetch,fetch>> it and
 	<<def_merge,merge>> it.  See also linkgit:git-pull[1].
@@ -381,10 +465,20 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	to the result.
 
 [[def_ref]]ref::
-	A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA1>> or a name that
-	denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. They may be stored in
-	a file under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` directory, or
-	in the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
+	A name that begins with `refs/` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
+	that points to an <<def_object_name,object name>> or another
+	ref (the latter is called a <<def_symref,symbolic ref>>).
+	For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used
+	as an argument to a Git command; see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]
+	for details.
+	Refs are stored in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
++
+The ref namespace is hierarchical.
+Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes (e.g. the
+`refs/heads/` hierarchy is used to represent local branches).
++
+There are a few special-purpose refs that do not begin with `refs/`.
+The most notable example is `HEAD`.
 
 [[def_reflog]]reflog::
 	A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref.  In other words,
@@ -395,23 +489,21 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 [[def_refspec]]refspec::
 	A "refspec" is used by <<def_fetch,fetch>> and
 	<<def_push,push>> to describe the mapping between remote
-	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref. They are combined with a colon in
-	the format <src>:<dst>, preceded by an optional plus sign, +.
-	For example: `git fetch $URL
-	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin` means "grab the master
-	<<def_branch,branch>> <<def_head,head>> from the $URL and store
-	it as my origin branch head". And `git push
-	$URL refs/heads/master:refs/heads/to-upstream` means "publish my
-	master branch head as to-upstream branch at $URL". See also
-	linkgit:git-push[1].
+	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref.
+
+[[def_remote]]remote repository::
+	A <<def_repository,repository>> which is used to track the same
+	project but resides somewhere else. To communicate with remotes,
+	see <<def_fetch,fetch>> or <<def_push,push>>.
 
 [[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from
-	another <<def_repository,repository>>. A remote-tracking
-	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits
-	made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be
-	identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull:
-	<<def_refspec,refspec>>.
+	A <<def_ref,ref>> that is used to follow changes from another
+	<<def_repository,repository>>. It typically looks like
+	'refs/remotes/foo/bar' (indicating that it tracks a branch named
+	'bar' in a remote named 'foo'), and matches the right-hand-side of
+	a configured fetch <<def_refspec,refspec>>. A remote-tracking
+	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local
+	commits made to it.
 
 [[def_repository]]repository::
 	A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an
@@ -426,9 +518,7 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	<<def_merge,merge>> left behind.
 
 [[def_revision]]revision::
-	A particular state of files and directories which was stored in the
-	<<def_object_database,object database>>. It is referenced by a
-	<<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
+	Synonym for <<def_commit,commit>> (the noun).
 
 [[def_rewind]]rewind::
 	To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the
@@ -437,13 +527,19 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 [[def_SCM]]SCM::
 	Source code management (tool).
 
-[[def_SHA1]]SHA1::
-	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+[[def_SHA1]]SHA-1::
+	"Secure Hash Algorithm 1"; a cryptographic hash function.
+	In the context of Git used as a synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+
+[[def_shallow_clone]]shallow clone::
+	Mostly a synonym to <<def_shallow_repository,shallow repository>>
+	but the phrase makes it more explicit that it was created by
+	running `git clone --depth=...` command.
 
 [[def_shallow_repository]]shallow repository::
 	A shallow <<def_repository,repository>> has an incomplete
 	history some of whose <<def_commit,commits>> have <<def_parent,parents>> cauterized away (in other
-	words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
+	words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
 	parents, even though they are recorded in the <<def_commit_object,commit
 	object>>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the
 	recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the
@@ -451,8 +547,19 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	is created by giving the `--depth` option to linkgit:git-clone[1], and
 	its history can be later deepened with linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
+[[def_submodule]]submodule::
+	A <<def_repository,repository>> that holds the history of a
+	separate project inside another repository (the latter of
+	which is called <<def_superproject, superproject>>).
+
+[[def_superproject]]superproject::
+	A <<def_repository,repository>> that references repositories
+	of other projects in its working tree as <<def_submodule,submodules>>.
+	The superproject knows about the names of (but does not hold
+	copies of) commit objects of the contained submodules.
+
 [[def_symref]]symref::
-	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA1>>
+	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>
 	id itself, it is of the format 'ref: refs/some/thing' and when
 	referenced, it recursively dereferences to this reference.
 	'<<def_HEAD,HEAD>>' is a prime example of a symref. Symbolic
@@ -464,9 +571,9 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a
 	<<def_tag_object,tag>> or a <<def_commit_object,commit object>>).
 	In contrast to a <<def_head,head>>, a tag is not updated by
-	the `commit` command. A git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
+	the `commit` command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
 	tag (which would be called an <<def_object_type,object type>>
-	in git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
+	in Git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
 	point in the commit ancestry <<def_chain,chain>>.
 
 [[def_tag_object]]tag object::
@@ -476,7 +583,7 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".
 
 [[def_topic_branch]]topic branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
+	A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
 	identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy
 	and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches
 	that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
@@ -492,10 +599,19 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
 	<<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>.
 
-[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish::
-	A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to either a <<def_commit_object,commit
-	object>>, a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>, or a <<def_tag_object,tag
-	object>> pointing to a tag or commit or tree object.
+[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish (also treeish)::
+	A <<def_tree_object,tree object>> or an <<def_object,object>>
+	that can be recursively dereferenced to a tree object.
+	Dereferencing a <<def_commit_object,commit object>> yields the
+	tree object corresponding to the <<def_revision,revision>>'s
+	top <<def_directory,directory>>.
+	The following are all tree-ishes:
+	a <<def_commit-ish,commit-ish>>,
+	a tree object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a tree object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree
+	object,
+	etc.
 
 [[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index::
 	An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged
diff --git a/Documentation/howto-index.sh b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
index 34aa30c5b9..167b363668 100755
--- a/Documentation/howto-index.sh
+++ b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 cat <<\EOF
-GIT Howto Index
+Git Howto Index
 ===============
 
 Here is a collection of mailing list postings made by various
-people describing how they use git in their workflow.
+people describing how they use Git in their workflow.
 
 EOF
 
 for txt
 do
-	title=`expr "$txt" : '.*/\(.*\)\.txt$'`
-	from=`sed -ne '
+	title=$(expr "$txt" : '.*/\(.*\)\.txt$')
+	from=$(sed -ne '
 	/^$/q
 	/^From:[ 	]/{
 		s///
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ do
 		s/^/by /
 		p
 	}
-	' "$txt"`
+	' "$txt")
 
-	abstract=`sed -ne '
+	abstract=$(sed -ne '
 	/^Abstract:[ 	]/{
 		s/^[^ 	]*//
 		x
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ do
 		x
 		p
 		q
-	}' "$txt"`
+	}' "$txt")
 
 	if grep 'Content-type: text/asciidoc' >/dev/null $txt
 	then
-		file=`expr "$txt" : '\(.*\)\.txt$'`.html
+		file=$(expr "$txt" : '\(.*\)\.txt$').html
 	else
 		file="$txt"
 	fi
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.txt b/Documentation/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35d48ef714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+Date: Wed, 07 May 2014 13:15:39 -0700
+Subject: Beginner question on "Pull is mostly evil"
+Abstract: This how-to explains a method for keeping a
+ project's history correct when using git pull.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+Keep authoritative canonical history correct with git pull
+==========================================================
+
+Sometimes a new project integrator will end up with project history
+that appears to be "backwards" from what other project developers
+expect. This howto presents a suggested integration workflow for
+maintaining a central repository.
+
+Suppose that that central repository has this history:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A
+------------
+
+which ends at commit `A` (time flows from left to right and each node
+in the graph is a commit, lines between them indicating parent-child
+relationship).
+
+Then you clone it and work on your own commits, which leads you to
+have this history in *your* repository:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---B---C
+------------
+
+Imagine your coworker did the same and built on top of `A` in *his*
+repository in the meantime, and then pushed it to the
+central repository:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z
+------------
+
+Now, if you `git push` at this point, because your history that leads
+to `C` lacks `X`, `Y` and `Z`, it will fail.  You need to somehow make
+the tip of your history a descendant of `Z`.
+
+One suggested way to solve the problem is "fetch and then merge", aka
+`git pull`. When you fetch, your repository will have a history like
+this:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---B---C
+		\
+		 X---Y---Z
+------------
+
+Once you run merge after that, while still on *your* branch, i.e. `C`,
+you will create a merge `M` and make the history look like this:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---B---C---M
+		\         /
+		 X---Y---Z
+------------
+
+`M` is a descendant of `Z`, so you can push to update the central
+repository.  Such a merge `M` does not lose any commit in both
+histories, so in that sense it may not be wrong, but when people want
+to talk about "the authoritative canonical history that is shared
+among the project participants", i.e. "the trunk", they often view
+it as "commits you see by following the first-parent chain", and use
+this command to view it:
+
+------------
+    $ git log --first-parent
+------------
+
+For all other people who observed the central repository after your
+coworker pushed `Z` but before you pushed `M`, the commit on the trunk
+used to be `o-o-A-X-Y-Z`.  But because you made `M` while you were on
+`C`, `M`'s first parent is `C`, so by pushing `M` to advance the
+central repository, you made `X-Y-Z` a side branch, not on the trunk.
+
+You would rather want to have a history of this shape:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z---M'
+		\             /
+		 B-----------C
+------------
+
+so that in the first-parent chain, it is clear that the project first
+did `X` and then `Y` and then `Z` and merged a change that consists of
+two commits `B` and `C` that achieves a single goal.  You may have
+worked on fixing the bug #12345 with these two patches, and the merge
+`M'` with swapped parents can say in its log message "Merge
+fix-bug-12345". Having a way to tell `git pull` to create a merge
+but record the parents in reverse order may be a way to do so.
+
+Note that I said "achieves a single goal" above, because this is
+important.  "Swapping the merge order" only covers a special case
+where the project does not care too much about having unrelated
+things done on a single merge but cares a lot about first-parent
+chain.
+
+There are multiple schools of thought about the "trunk" management.
+
+ 1. Some projects want to keep a completely linear history without any
+    merges.  Obviously, swapping the merge order would not match their
+    taste.  You would need to flatten your history on top of the
+    updated upstream to result in a history of this shape instead:
++
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z---B---C
+------------
++
+with `git pull --rebase` or something.
+
+ 2. Some projects tolerate merges in their history, but do not worry
+    too much about the first-parent order, and allow fast-forward
+    merges.  To them, swapping the merge order does not hurt, but
+    it is unnecessary.
+
+ 3. Some projects want each commit on the "trunk" to do one single
+    thing.  The output of `git log --first-parent` in such a project
+    would show either a merge of a side branch that completes a single
+    theme, or a single commit that completes a single theme by itself.
+    If your two commits `B` and `C` (or they may even be two groups of
+    commits) were solving two independent issues, then the merge `M'`
+    we made in the earlier example by swapping the merge order is
+    still not up to the project standard.  It merges two unrelated
+    efforts `B` and `C` at the same time.
+
+For projects in the last category (Git itself is one of them),
+individual developers would want to prepare a history more like
+this:
+
+------------
+		 C0--C1--C2     topic-c
+		/
+    ---o---o---A                master
+		\
+		 B0--B1--B2     topic-b
+------------
+
+That is, keeping separate topics on separate branches, perhaps like
+so:
+
+------------
+    $ git clone $URL work && cd work
+    $ git checkout -b topic-b master
+    $ ... work to create B0, B1 and B2 to complete one theme
+    $ git checkout -b topic-c master
+    $ ... same for the theme of topic-c
+------------
+
+And then
+
+------------
+    $ git checkout master
+    $ git pull --ff-only
+------------
+
+would grab `X`, `Y` and `Z` from the upstream and advance your master
+branch:
+
+------------
+		 C0--C1--C2     topic-c
+		/
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z    master
+		\
+		 B0--B1--B2     topic-b
+------------
+
+And then you would merge these two branches separately:
+
+------------
+    $ git merge topic-b
+    $ git merge topic-c
+------------
+
+to result in
+
+------------
+		 C0--C1---------C2
+		/                 \
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z---M---N
+		\             /
+		 B0--B1-----B2
+------------
+
+and push it back to the central repository.
+
+It is very much possible that while you are merging topic-b and
+topic-c, somebody again advanced the history in the central repository
+to put `W` on top of `Z`, and make your `git push` fail.
+
+In such a case, you would rewind to discard `M` and `N`, update the
+tip of your 'master' again and redo the two merges:
+
+------------
+    $ git reset --hard origin/master
+    $ git pull --ff-only
+    $ git merge topic-b
+    $ git merge topic-c
+------------
+
+The procedure will result in a history that looks like this:
+
+------------
+		 C0--C1--------------C2
+		/                     \
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z---W---M'--N'
+		\                 /
+		 B0--B1---------B2
+------------
+
+See also http://git-blame.blogspot.com/2013/09/fun-with-first-parent-history.html
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
index 8823a37067..ca4378740c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
@@ -1,53 +1,64 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:32:55 -0800
 Subject: Addendum to "MaintNotes"
-Abstract: Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
+Abstract: Imagine that Git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
  neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the
  hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to
  step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
-The maintainer's git time is spent on three activities.
+How to maintain Git
+===================
 
- - Communication (60%)
+Activities
+----------
+
+The maintainer's Git time is spent on three activities.
+
+ - Communication (45%)
 
    Mailing list discussions on general design, fielding user
    questions, diagnosing bug reports; reviewing, commenting on,
    suggesting alternatives to, and rejecting patches.
 
- - Integration (30%)
+ - Integration (50%)
 
    Applying new patches from the contributors while spotting and
    correcting minor mistakes, shuffling the integration and
    testing branches, pushing the results out, cutting the
    releases, and making announcements.
 
- - Own development (10%)
+ - Own development (5%)
 
    Scratching my own itch and sending proposed patch series out.
 
+The Policy
+----------
+
 The policy on Integration is informally mentioned in "A Note
 from the maintainer" message, which is periodically posted to
 this mailing list after each feature release is made.
 
-The policy.
-
- - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant to
+ - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.0 and are meant to
    contain bugfixes and enhancements in any area, including
    functionality, performance and usability, without regression.
 
- - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z.W and are meant
-   to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.Z feature
-   release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.Z.V (V < W).
+ - One release cycle for a feature release is expected to last for
+   eight to ten weeks.
+
+ - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant
+   to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.0 feature
+   release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.W (W < Z).
 
  - 'master' branch is used to prepare for the next feature
    release. In other words, at some point, the tip of 'master'
-   branch is tagged with vX.Y.Z.
+   branch is tagged with vX.Y.0.
 
  - 'maint' branch is used to prepare for the next maintenance
-   release.  After the feature release vX.Y.Z is made, the tip
+   release.  After the feature release vX.Y.0 is made, the tip
    of 'maint' branch is set to that release, and bugfixes will
    accumulate on the branch, and at some point, the tip of the
-   branch is tagged with vX.Y.Z.1, vX.Y.Z.2, and so on.
+   branch is tagged with vX.Y.1, vX.Y.2, and so on.
 
  - 'next' branch is used to publish changes (both enhancements
    and fixes) that (1) have worthwhile goal, (2) are in a fairly
@@ -58,12 +69,15 @@ The policy.
  - 'pu' branch is used to publish other proposed changes that do
    not yet pass the criteria set for 'next'.
 
- - The tips of 'master', 'maint' and 'next' branches will always
-   fast-forward, to allow people to build their own
-   customization on top of them.
+ - The tips of 'master' and 'maint' branches will not be rewound to
+   allow people to build their own customization on top of them.
+   Early in a new development cycle, 'next' is rewound to the tip of
+   'master' once, but otherwise it will not be rewound until the end
+   of the cycle.
 
- - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint', 'next' contains all
-   of 'master' and 'pu' contains all of 'next'.
+ - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint' and 'next' contains all
+   of 'master'.  'pu' contains all the topics merged to 'next', but
+   is rebuilt directly on 'master'.
 
  - The tip of 'master' is meant to be more stable than any
    tagged releases, and the users are encouraged to follow it.
@@ -72,15 +86,27 @@ The policy.
    users are encouraged to test it so that regressions and bugs
    are found before new topics are merged to 'master'.
 
+Note that before v1.9.0 release, the version numbers used to be
+structured slightly differently.  vX.Y.Z were feature releases while
+vX.Y.Z.W were maintenance releases for vX.Y.Z.
+
 
-A typical git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
+A Typical Git Day
+-----------------
+
+A typical Git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
 by doing the following:
 
- - Scan mailing list and #git channel log.  Respond with review
-   comments, suggestions etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially
-   usable patches from the mailing list.  Patches about a single
-   topic go to one mailbox (I read my mail in Gnus, and type
-   \C-o to save/append messages in files in mbox format).
+ - Scan mailing list.  Respond with review comments, suggestions
+   etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially usable patches from the
+   mailing list.  Patches about a single topic go to one mailbox (I
+   read my mail in Gnus, and type \C-o to save/append messages in
+   files in mbox format).
+
+ - Write his own patches to address issues raised on the list but
+   nobody has stepped up solving.  Send it out just like other
+   contributors do, and pick them up just like patches from other
+   contributors (see above).
 
  - Review the patches in the saved mailboxes.  Edit proposed log
    message for typofixes and clarifications, and add Acks
@@ -96,40 +122,32 @@ by doing the following:
    - Obviously correct fixes that pertain to the tip of 'master'
      are directly applied to 'master'.
 
+   - Other topics are not handled in this step.
+
    This step is done with "git am".
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
      $ make test
 
- - Merge downwards (maint->master):
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
+   In practice, almost no patch directly goes to 'master' or
+   'maint'.
 
  - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" message, review the
-   topics scheduled for merging upwards (topic->master and
-   topic->maint), and merge.
+   topics ready for merging (topic->master and topic->maint).  Use
+   "Meta/cook -w" script (where Meta/ contains a checkout of the
+   'todo' branch) to aid this step.
+
+   And perform the merge.  Use "Meta/Reintegrate -e" script (see
+   later) to aid this step.
+
+     $ Meta/cook -w last-issue-of-whats-cooking.mbox
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate -e ;# "git merge ai/topic"
      $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. ;# final review
      $ git diff ORIG_HEAD..   ;# final review
      $ make test              ;# final review
-     $ git branch -d ai/topic ;# or "git branch -d ai/maint-topic"
-
- - Merge downwards (maint->master) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
-
- - Merge downwards (master->next) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge master
-     $ make test
 
  - Handle the remaining patches:
 
@@ -138,9 +156,9 @@ by doing the following:
      and not in 'master') is applied to a new topic branch that
      is forked from the tip of 'master'.  This includes both
      enhancements and unobvious fixes to 'master'.  A topic
-     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is typically
-     author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name of the
-     topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
+     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is two-letter string
+     named after author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name
+     of the topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
 
    - An unobvious fix meant for 'maint' is applied to a new
      topic branch that is forked from the tip of 'maint'.  The
@@ -158,7 +176,8 @@ by doing the following:
 
    The above except the "replacement" are all done with:
 
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git checkout ai/topic ;# or "git checkout -b ai/topic master"
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
 
    while patch replacement is often done by:
 
@@ -166,93 +185,170 @@ by doing the following:
 
    then replace some parts with the new patch, and reapplying:
 
+     $ git checkout ai/topic
      $ git reset --hard ai/topic~$n
-     $ git am -3 -s 000*.txt
+     $ git am -sc3 -s 000*.txt
 
    The full test suite is always run for 'maint' and 'master'
    after patch application; for topic branches the tests are run
    as time permits.
 
- - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
-   existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
-
-   This step is helped with Meta/cook script (where Meta/ contains
-   a checkout of the 'todo' branch).
+ - Merge maint to master as needed:
 
- - Merge topics to 'next'.  For each branch whose tip is not
-   merged to 'next', one of three things can happen:
+     $ git checkout master
+     $ git merge maint
+     $ make test
 
-   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next:
+ - Merge master to next as needed:
 
      $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ git merge master
      $ make test
 
+ - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" again and see if topics
+   that are ready to be merged to 'next' are still in good shape
+   (e.g. has there any new issue identified on the list with the
+   series?)
+
+ - Prepare 'jch' branch, which is used to represent somewhere
+   between 'master' and 'pu' and often is slightly ahead of 'next'.
+
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-jch.sh
+
+   The result is a script that lists topics to be merged in order to
+   rebuild 'pu' as the input to Meta/Reintegrate script.  Remove
+   later topics that should not be in 'jch' yet.  Add a line that
+   consists of '### match next' before the name of the first topic
+   in the output that should be in 'jch' but not in 'next' yet.
+
+ - Now we are ready to start merging topics to 'next'.  For each
+   branch whose tip is not merged to 'next', one of three things can
+   happen:
+
+   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next;
    - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are
-     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next:
+     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next;
+   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+
+   This step is aided with Meta/redo-jch.sh script created earlier.
+   If a topic that was already in 'next' gained a patch, the script
+   would list it as "ai/topic~1".  To include the new patch to the
+   updated 'next', drop the "~1" part; to keep it excluded, do not
+   touch the line.  If a topic that was not in 'next' should be
+   merged to 'next', add it at the end of the list.  Then:
+
+     $ git checkout -B jch master
+     $ Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1
+
+   to rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch.  "-c1" tells the script
+   to stop merging at the first line that begins with '###'
+   (i.e. the "### match next" line you added earlier).
+
+   At this point, build-test the result.  It may reveal semantic
+   conflicts (e.g. a topic renamed a variable, another added a new
+   reference to the variable under its old name), in which case
+   prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see appendix), and
+   rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch, starting at the tip of
+   'master'.
+
+   Then do the same to 'next'
 
      $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic~2   ;# the tip two are dubious
-     $ make test
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1 -e
 
-   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+   The "-e" option allows the merge message that comes from the
+   history of the topic and the comments in the "What's cooking" to
+   be edited.  The resulting tree should match 'jch' as the same set
+   of topics are merged on 'master'; otherwise there is a mismerge.
+   Investigate why and do not proceed until the mismerge is found
+   and rectified.
 
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Optionally rebase topics that do not have any commit
-   in next yet, when they can take advantage of low-level framework
-   change that is merged to 'master' already.
+     $ git diff jch next
 
-     $ git rebase master ai/topic
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-jch.sh script with
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/git-topic.perl script to
-   identify which topic is rebaseable.  There also is a
-   pre-rebase hook to make sure that topics that are already in
-   'next' are not rebased beyond the merged commit.
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -u
 
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Rebuild "pu" to merge the tips of topics not in 'next'.
+   This removes topics listed in the script that have already been
+   merged to 'master'.  This may lose '### match next' marker;
+   add it again to the appropriate place when it happens.
 
-     $ git checkout pu
-     $ git reset --hard next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# repeat for all remaining topics
-     $ make test
+ - Rebuild 'pu'.
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/PU script
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-pu.sh
 
- - Push four integration branches to a private repository at
-   k.org and run "make test" on all of them.
+   Edit the result by adding new topics that are not still in 'pu'
+   in the script.  Then
 
- - Push four integration branches to /pub/scm/git/git.git at
-   k.org.  This triggers its post-update hook which:
+     $ git checkout -B pu jch
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh
 
-    (1) runs "git pull" in $HOME/git-doc/ repository to pull
-        'master' just pushed out;
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-pu.sh script with
 
-    (2) runs "make doc" in $HOME/git-doc/, install the generated
-        documentation in staging areas, which are separate
-        repositories that have html and man branches checked
-        out.
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh -u
 
-    (3) runs "git commit" in the staging areas, and run "git
-        push" back to /pub/scm/git/git.git/ to update the html
-        and man branches.
+   Double check by running
 
-    (4) installs generated documentation to /pub/software/scm/git/docs/
-        to be viewed from http://www.kernel.org/
+     $ git branch --no-merged pu
 
- - Fetch html and man branches back from k.org, and push four
-   integration branches and the two documentation branches to
-   repo.or.cz and other mirrors.
+   to see there is no unexpected leftover topics.
 
+   At this point, build-test the result for semantic conflicts, and
+   if there are, prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see
+   appendix), and rebuild the 'pu' branch from scratch, starting at
+   the tip of 'jch'.
+
+ - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
+   existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
+
+   This step is helped with Meta/cook script.
+
+     $ Meta/cook
+
+   This script inspects the history between master..pu, finds tips
+   of topic branches, compares what it found with the current
+   contents in Meta/whats-cooking.txt, and updates that file.
+   Topics not listed in the file but are found in master..pu are
+   added to the "New topics" section, topics listed in the file that
+   are no longer found in master..pu are moved to the "Graduated to
+   master" section, and topics whose commits changed their states
+   (e.g. used to be only in 'pu', now merged to 'next') are updated
+   with change markers "<<" and ">>".
+
+   Look for lines enclosed in "<<" and ">>"; they hold contents from
+   old file that are replaced by this integration round.  After
+   verifying them, remove the old part.  Review the description for
+   each topic and update its doneness and plan as needed.  To review
+   the updated plan, run
+
+     $ Meta/cook -w
+
+   which will pick up comments given to the topics, such as "Will
+   merge to 'next'", etc. (see Meta/cook script to learn what kind
+   of phrases are supported).
+
+ - Compile, test and install all four (five) integration branches;
+   Meta/Dothem script may aid this step.
+
+ - Format documentation if the 'master' branch was updated;
+   Meta/dodoc.sh script may aid this step.
+
+ - Push the integration branches out to public places; Meta/pushall
+   script may aid this step.
+
+Observations
+------------
 
 Some observations to be made.
 
- * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with
-   other topics cooking in 'next'.  Until it matures, none part
-   of it is merged to 'master'.
+ * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with other
+   topics cooking first in 'pu', then in 'jch' and then in 'next'.
+   Until it matures, no part of it is merged to 'master'.
 
  * A topic already in 'next' can get fixes while still in
    'next'.  Such a topic will have many merges to 'next' (in
    other words, "git log --first-parent next" will show many
-   "Merge ai/topic to next" for the same topic.
+   "Merge branch 'ai/topic' to next" for the same topic.
 
  * An unobvious fix for 'maint' is cooked in 'next' and then
    merged to 'master' to make extra sure it is Ok and then
@@ -274,3 +370,80 @@ Some observations to be made.
  * Being in the 'next' branch is not a guarantee for a topic to
    be included in the next feature release.  Being in the
    'master' branch typically is.
+
+
+Appendix
+--------
+
+Preparing a "merge-fix"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A merge of two topics may not textually conflict but still have
+conflict at the semantic level. A classic example is for one topic
+to rename an variable and all its uses, while another topic adds a
+new use of the variable under its old name. When these two topics
+are merged together, the reference to the variable newly added by
+the latter topic will still use the old name in the result.
+
+The Meta/Reintegrate script that is used by redo-jch and redo-pu
+scripts implements a crude but usable way to work this issue around.
+When the script merges branch $X, it checks if "refs/merge-fix/$X"
+exists, and if so, the effect of it is squashed into the result of
+the mechanical merge.  In other words,
+
+     $ echo $X | Meta/Reintegrate
+
+is roughly equivalent to this sequence:
+
+     $ git merge --rerere-autoupdate $X
+     $ git commit
+     $ git cherry-pick -n refs/merge-fix/$X
+     $ git commit --amend
+
+The goal of this "prepare a merge-fix" step is to come up with a
+commit that can be squashed into a result of mechanical merge to
+correct semantic conflicts.
+
+After finding that the result of merging branch "ai/topic" to an
+integration branch had such a semantic conflict, say pu~4, check the
+problematic merge out on a detached HEAD, edit the working tree to
+fix the semantic conflict, and make a separate commit to record the
+fix-up:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~4
+     $ git show -s --pretty=%s ;# double check
+     Merge branch 'ai/topic' to pu
+     $ edit
+     $ git commit -m 'merge-fix/ai/topic' -a
+
+Then make a reference "refs/merge-fix/ai/topic" to point at this
+result:
+
+     $ git update-ref refs/merge-fix/ai/topic HEAD
+
+Then double check the result by asking Meta/Reintegrate to redo the
+merge:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~5 ;# the parent of the problem merge
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate
+     $ git diff pu~4
+
+This time, because you prepared refs/merge-fix/ai/topic, the
+resulting merge should have been tweaked to include the fix for the
+semantic conflict.
+
+Note that this assumes that the order in which conflicting branches
+are merged does not change.  If the reason why merging ai/topic
+branch needs this merge-fix is because another branch merged earlier
+to the integration branch changed the underlying assumption ai/topic
+branch made (e.g. ai/topic branch added a site to refer to a
+variable, while the other branch renamed that variable and adjusted
+existing use sites), and if you changed redo-jch (or redo-pu) script
+to merge ai/topic branch before the other branch, then the above
+merge-fix should not be applied while merging ai/topic, but should
+instead be applied while merging the other branch.  You would need
+to move the fix to apply to the other branch, perhaps like this:
+
+      $ mf=refs/merge-fix
+      $ git update-ref $mf/$the_other_branch $mf/ai/topic
+      $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d772bd927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+From: Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+Abstract: This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
+ commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to integrate new subcommands
+================================
+
+This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
+commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+
+Runtime environment
+-------------------
+
+Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec
+path, normally /usr/lib/git-core.  The git executable itself is a
+thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by
+passing command-line arguments to them.
+
+(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper
+will look in the rest of your $PATH for it.  Thus, it's possible
+to write local Git extensions that don't live in system space.)
+
+Implementation languages
+------------------------
+
+Most subcommands are written in C or shell.  A few are written in
+Perl.
+
+While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability,
+these specific scripting languages are also acceptable.  We won't
+accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don't want
+to broaden the Git suite's required dependencies.  Import utilities,
+surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the
+Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk),
+but they should not be used for core functions.
+
+This may change in the future.  Especially Python is not allowed in
+core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows
+installer before we can be confident people in that environment
+won't experience an unacceptably large loss of capability.
+
+C commands are normally written as single modules, named after the
+command, that link a collection of functions called libgit.  Thus,
+your command 'git-foo' would normally be implemented as a single
+"git-foo.c" (or "builtin/foo.c" if it is to be linked to the main
+binary); this organization makes it easy for people reading the code
+to find things.
+
+See the CodingGuidelines document for other guidance on what we consider
+good practice in C and shell, and api-builtin.txt for the support
+functions available to built-in commands written in C.
+
+What every extension command needs
+----------------------------------
+
+You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help
+followed by your subcommand name will display).  Be aware that there is
+a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use.  It's
+often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the
+text content.
+
+You must have a test, written to report in TAP (Test Anything Protocol).
+Tests are executables (usually shell scripts) that live in the 't'
+subdirectory of the tree.  Each test name begins with 't' and a sequence
+number that controls where in the test sequence it will be executed;
+conventionally the rest of the name stem is that of the command
+being tested.
+
+Read the file t/README to learn more about the conventions to be used
+in writing tests, and the test support library.
+
+Integrating a command
+---------------------
+
+Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new
+subcommand into the Git tree.
+
+1. Don't forget to sign off your patch!
+
+2. Append your command name to one of the variables BUILTIN_OBJS,
+EXTRA_PROGRAMS, SCRIPT_SH, SCRIPT_PERL or SCRIPT_PYTHON.
+
+3. Drop its test in the t directory.
+
+4. If your command is implemented in an interpreted language with a
+p-code intermediate form, make sure .gitignore in the main directory
+includes a pattern entry that ignores such files.  Python .pyc and
+.pyo files will already be covered.
+
+5. If your command has any dependency on a particular version of
+your language, document it in the INSTALL file.
+
+6. There is a file command-list.txt in the distribution main directory
+that categorizes commands by type, so they can be listed in appropriate
+subsections in the documentation's summary command list.  Add an entry
+for yours.  To understand the categories, look at git-commands.txt
+in the main directory.  If the new command is part of the typical Git
+workflow and you believe it common enough to be mentioned in 'git help',
+map this command to a common group in the column [common].
+
+7. Give the maintainer one paragraph to include in the RelNotes file
+to describe the new feature; a good place to do so is in the cover
+letter [PATCH 0/n].
+
+That's all there is to it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
index 74a1c0c4ba..02cb5f758d 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ Cc:	Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>, Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
 Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree
 Date:	Sun, 14 Aug 2005 18:37:39 -0700
 Abstract: In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the
- public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates
+ public "pu" branch using the core Git tools when he updates
  the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works.  Also discussed
  is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches
  upstream.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
+How to rebase from an internal branch
+=====================================
+
+--------------------------------------
 Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> writes:
 
 > Dear diary, on Sun, Aug 14, 2005 at 09:57:13AM CEST, I got a letter
@@ -19,13 +24,14 @@ Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> writes:
 >> > branch to the real branches.
 >>
 > Actually, wouldn't this be also precisely for what StGIT is intended to?
+--------------------------------------
 
 Exactly my feeling.  I was sort of waiting for Catalin to speak
 up.  With its basing philosophical ancestry on quilt, this is
 the kind of task StGIT is designed to do.
 
 I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core
-GIT tools.
+Git tools.
 
 I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I
 wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of
@@ -90,7 +96,7 @@ you ran fsck-cache, which is normal.  After testing "pu", you
 can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits.
 
 While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how
-to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools.
+to do cherrypicking using only the core Git tools.
 
 Let's go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.
 
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@ You fetch from upstream, but not merge.
     $ git fetch upstream
 
 This leaves the updated upstream head in .git/FETCH_HEAD but
-does not touch your .git/HEAD nor .git/refs/heads/master.
+does not touch your .git/HEAD or .git/refs/heads/master.
 You run "git rebase" now.
 
     $ git rebase FETCH_HEAD master
@@ -156,8 +162,3 @@ you continue on starting from the new "master" head, which is
 the #1' commit.
 
 -jc
-
--
-To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe git" in
-the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
-More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
index 48c67568d3..25378f68d3 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
@@ -3,19 +3,23 @@ Message-ID: <7vy86o6usx.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2005 18:19:10 -0700
 Abstract: In this how-to article, JC talks about how he
- uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page
+ uses the post-update hook to automate Git documentation page
  shown at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to rebuild from update hook
+===============================
 
 The pages under http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/
 are built from Documentation/ directory of the git.git project
 and needed to be kept up-to-date.  The www.kernel.org/ servers
 are mirrored and I was told that the origin of the mirror is on
 the machine $some.kernel.org, on which I was given an account
-when I took over git maintainership from Linus.
+when I took over Git maintainership from Linus.
 
 The directories relevant to this how-to are these two:
 
-    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public git repository.
+    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public Git repository.
     /pub/software/scm/git/docs/	The HTML documentation page.
 
 So I made a repository to generate the documentation under my
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ script:
     EOF
 
 Initially I used to run this by hand whenever I push into the
-public git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
+public Git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
 day.  The current round uses the post-update hook mechanism,
 like this:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
index 323b513ed0..1b3b188d3c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
@@ -3,18 +3,24 @@ From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 Subject: corrupt object on git-gc
 Abstract: Some tricks to reconstruct blob objects in order to fix
  a corrupted repository.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
+How to recover a corrupted blob object
+======================================
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 On Fri, 9 Nov 2007, Yossi Leybovich wrote:
 >
 > Did not help still the repository look for this object?
 > Any one know how can I track this object and understand which file is it
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
-So exactly *because* the SHA1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
+So exactly *because* the SHA-1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
 itself doesn't actually tell you anything, in order to fix a corrupt
 object you basically have to find the "original source" for it.
 
 The easiest way to do that is almost always to have backups, and find the
-same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and git makes
+same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and Git makes
 it pretty easy (if nothing else, just clone the repository somewhere else,
 and make sure that you do *not* use a hard-linked clone, and preferably
 not the same disk/machine).
@@ -31,19 +37,23 @@ original object, so right now the corrupt object is useless, but it's very
 interesting for the future, in the hope that you can re-create a
 non-corrupt version.
 
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 So:
 
 > ib]$ mv .git/objects/4b/9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 ../
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 This is the right thing to do, although it's usually best to save it under
-it's full SHA1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
+it's full SHA-1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
 
 Let's see what that tells us:
 
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 > ib]$ git-fsck --full
 > broken link from    tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
 >              to    blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
 > missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 Ok, I removed the "dangling commit" messages, because they are just
 messages about the fact that you probably have rebased etc, so they're not
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@ working tree, in which case fixing this problem is really simple, just do
 
 	git hash-object -w my-magic-file
 
-again, and if it outputs the missing SHA1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
+again, and if it outputs the missing SHA-1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
 
 But that's the really lucky case, so let's assume that it was some older
 version that was broken. How do you tell which version it was?
@@ -124,7 +134,7 @@ and your repository is good again!
 	git log --raw --all
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you - Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 Trying to recreate trees and especially commits is *much* harder. So you
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c4cd0915f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2013 04:34:01 -0400
+From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
+Subject: pack corruption post-mortem
+Abstract: Recovering a corrupted object when no good copy is available.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to recover an object from scratch
+=====================================
+
+I was recently presented with a repository with a corrupted packfile,
+and was asked if the data was recoverable. This post-mortem describes
+the steps I took to investigate and fix the problem. I thought others
+might find the process interesting, and it might help somebody in the
+same situation.
+
+********************************
+Note: In this case, no good copy of the repository was available. For
+the much easier case where you can get the corrupted object from
+elsewhere, see link:recover-corrupted-blob-object.html[this howto].
+********************************
+
+I started with an fsck, which found a problem with exactly one object
+(I've used $pack and $obj below to keep the output readable, and also
+because I'll refer to them later):
+
+-----------
+    $ git fsck
+    error: $pack SHA1 checksum mismatch
+    error: index CRC mismatch for object $obj from $pack at offset 51653873
+    error: inflate: data stream error (incorrect data check)
+    error: cannot unpack $obj from $pack at offset 51653873
+-----------
+
+The pack checksum failing means a byte is munged somewhere, and it is
+presumably in the object mentioned (since both the index checksum and
+zlib were failing).
+
+Reading the zlib source code, I found that "incorrect data check" means
+that the adler-32 checksum at the end of the zlib data did not match the
+inflated data. So stepping the data through zlib would not help, as it
+did not fail until the very end, when we realize the CRC does not match.
+The problematic bytes could be anywhere in the object data.
+
+The first thing I did was pull the broken data out of the packfile. I
+needed to know how big the object was, which I found out with:
+
+------------
+    $ git show-index <$idx | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort -n | grep -A1 51653873
+    51653873
+    51664736
+------------
+
+Show-index gives us the list of objects and their offsets. We throw away
+everything but the offsets, and then sort them so that our interesting
+offset (which we got from the fsck output above) is followed immediately
+by the offset of the next object. Now we know that the object data is
+10863 bytes long, and we can grab it with:
+
+------------
+  dd if=$pack of=object bs=1 skip=51653873 count=10863
+------------
+
+I inspected a hexdump of the data, looking for any obvious bogosity
+(e.g., a 4K run of zeroes would be a good sign of filesystem
+corruption). But everything looked pretty reasonable.
+
+Note that the "object" file isn't fit for feeding straight to zlib; it
+has the git packed object header, which is variable-length. We want to
+strip that off so we can start playing with the zlib data directly. You
+can either work your way through it manually (the format is described in
+link:../technical/pack-format.html[Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt]),
+or you can walk through it in a debugger. I did the latter, creating a
+valid pack like:
+
+------------
+    # pack magic and version
+    printf 'PACK\0\0\0\2' >tmp.pack
+    # pack has one object
+    printf '\0\0\0\1' >>tmp.pack
+    # now add our object data
+    cat object >>tmp.pack
+    # and then append the pack trailer
+    /path/to/git.git/test-sha1 -b <tmp.pack >trailer
+    cat trailer >>tmp.pack
+------------
+
+and then running "git index-pack tmp.pack" in the debugger (stop at
+unpack_raw_entry). Doing this, I found that there were 3 bytes of header
+(and the header itself had a sane type and size). So I stripped those
+off with:
+
+------------
+    dd if=object of=zlib bs=1 skip=3
+------------
+
+I ran the result through zlib's inflate using a custom C program. And
+while it did report the error, I did get the right number of output
+bytes (i.e., it matched git's size header that we decoded above). But
+feeding the result back to "git hash-object" didn't produce the same
+sha1. So there were some wrong bytes, but I didn't know which. The file
+happened to be C source code, so I hoped I could notice something
+obviously wrong with it, but I didn't. I even got it to compile!
+
+I also tried comparing it to other versions of the same path in the
+repository, hoping that there would be some part of the diff that didn't
+make sense. Unfortunately, this happened to be the only revision of this
+particular file in the repository, so I had nothing to compare against.
+
+So I took a different approach. Working under the guess that the
+corruption was limited to a single byte, I wrote a program to munge each
+byte individually, and try inflating the result. Since the object was
+only 10K compressed, that worked out to about 2.5M attempts, which took
+a few minutes.
+
+The program I used is here:
+
+----------------------------------------------
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+static int try_zlib(unsigned char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/* make this absurdly large so we don't have to loop */
+	static unsigned char out[1024*1024];
+	z_stream z;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&z, 0, sizeof(z));
+	inflateInit(&z);
+
+	z.next_in = buf;
+	z.avail_in = len;
+	z.next_out = out;
+	z.avail_out = sizeof(out);
+
+	ret = inflate(&z, 0);
+	inflateEnd(&z);
+	return ret >= 0;
+}
+
+/* eye candy */
+static int counter = 0;
+static void progress(int sig)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "\r%d", counter);
+	alarm(1);
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	/* oversized so we can read the whole buffer in */
+	unsigned char buf[1024*1024];
+	int len;
+	unsigned i, j;
+
+	signal(SIGALRM, progress);
+	alarm(1);
+
+	len = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		unsigned char c = buf[i];
+		for (j = 0; j <= 0xff; j++) {
+			buf[i] = j;
+
+			counter++;
+			if (try_zlib(buf, len))
+				printf("i=%d, j=%x\n", i, j);
+		}
+		buf[i] = c;
+	}
+
+	alarm(0);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+----------------------------------------------
+
+I compiled and ran with:
+
+-------
+  gcc -Wall -Werror -O3 munge.c -o munge -lz
+  ./munge <zlib
+-------
+
+
+There were a few false positives early on (if you write "no data" in the
+zlib header, zlib thinks it's just fine :) ). But I got a hit about
+halfway through:
+
+-------
+  i=5642, j=c7
+-------
+
+I let it run to completion, and got a few more hits at the end (where it
+was munging the CRC to match our broken data). So there was a good
+chance this middle hit was the source of the problem.
+
+I confirmed by tweaking the byte in a hex editor, zlib inflating the
+result (no errors!), and then piping the output into "git hash-object",
+which reported the sha1 of the broken object. Success!
+
+I fixed the packfile itself with:
+
+-------
+  chmod +w $pack
+  printf '\xc7' | dd of=$pack bs=1 seek=51659518 conv=notrunc
+  chmod -w $pack
+-------
+
+The `\xc7` comes from the replacement byte our "munge" program found.
+The offset 51659518 is derived by taking the original object offset
+(51653873), adding the replacement offset found by "munge" (5642), and
+then adding back in the 3 bytes of git header we stripped.
+
+After that, "git fsck" ran clean.
+
+As for the corruption itself, I was lucky that it was indeed a single
+byte. In fact, it turned out to be a single bit. The byte 0xc7 was
+corrupted to 0xc5. So presumably it was caused by faulty hardware, or a
+cosmic ray.
+
+And the aborted attempt to look at the inflated output to see what was
+wrong? I could have looked forever and never found it. Here's the diff
+between what the corrupted data inflates to, versus the real data:
+
+--------------
+  -       cp = strtok (arg, "+");
+  +       cp = strtok (arg, ".");
+--------------
+
+It tweaked one byte and still ended up as valid, readable C that just
+happened to do something totally different! One takeaway is that on a
+less unlucky day, looking at the zlib output might have actually been
+helpful, as most random changes would actually break the C code.
+
+But more importantly, git's hashing and checksumming noticed a problem
+that easily could have gone undetected in another system. The result
+still compiled, but would have caused an interesting bug (that would
+have been blamed on some random commit).
+
+
+The adventure continues...
+--------------------------
+
+I ended up doing this again! Same entity, new hardware. The assumption
+at this point is that the old disk corrupted the packfile, and then the
+corruption was migrated to the new hardware (because it was done by
+rsync or similar, and no fsck was done at the time of migration).
+
+This time, the affected blob was over 20 megabytes, which was far too
+large to do a brute-force on. I followed the instructions above to
+create the `zlib` file. I then used the `inflate` program below to pull
+the corrupted data from that. Examining that output gave me a hint about
+where in the file the corruption was. But now I was working with the
+file itself, not the zlib contents. So knowing the sha1 of the object
+and the approximate area of the corruption, I used the `sha1-munge`
+program below to brute-force the correct byte.
+
+Here's the inflate program (it's essentially `gunzip` but without the
+`.gz` header processing):
+
+--------------------------
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <zlib.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	/*
+	 * oversized so we can read the whole buffer in;
+	 * this could actually be switched to streaming
+	 * to avoid any memory limitations
+	 */
+	static unsigned char buf[25 * 1024 * 1024];
+	static unsigned char out[25 * 1024 * 1024];
+	int len;
+	z_stream z;
+	int ret;
+
+	len = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	memset(&z, 0, sizeof(z));
+	inflateInit(&z);
+
+	z.next_in = buf;
+	z.avail_in = len;
+	z.next_out = out;
+	z.avail_out = sizeof(out);
+
+	ret = inflate(&z, 0);
+	if (ret != Z_OK && ret != Z_STREAM_END)
+		fprintf(stderr, "initial inflate failed (%d)\n", ret);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "outputting %lu bytes", z.total_out);
+	fwrite(out, 1, z.total_out, stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+--------------------------
+
+And here is the `sha1-munge` program:
+
+--------------------------
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <openssl/sha.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* eye candy */
+static int counter = 0;
+static void progress(int sig)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "\r%d", counter);
+	alarm(1);
+}
+
+static const signed char hexval_table[256] = {
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 00-07 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 08-0f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 10-17 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 18-1f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 20-27 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 28-2f */
+	  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,		/* 30-37 */
+	  8,  9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 38-3f */
+	 -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,		/* 40-47 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 48-4f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 50-57 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 58-5f */
+	 -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,		/* 60-67 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 68-67 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 70-77 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 78-7f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 80-87 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 88-8f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 90-97 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 98-9f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* a0-a7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* a8-af */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* b0-b7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* b8-bf */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* c0-c7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* c8-cf */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* d0-d7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* d8-df */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* e0-e7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* e8-ef */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* f0-f7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* f8-ff */
+};
+
+static inline unsigned int hexval(unsigned char c)
+{
+return hexval_table[c];
+}
+
+static int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+		unsigned int val;
+		/*
+		 * hex[1]=='\0' is caught when val is checked below,
+		 * but if hex[0] is NUL we have to avoid reading
+		 * past the end of the string:
+		 */
+		if (!hex[0])
+			return -1;
+		val = (hexval(hex[0]) << 4) | hexval(hex[1]);
+		if (val & ~0xff)
+			return -1;
+		*sha1++ = val;
+		hex += 2;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	/* oversized so we can read the whole buffer in */
+	static unsigned char buf[25 * 1024 * 1024];
+	char header[32];
+	int header_len;
+	unsigned char have[20], want[20];
+	int start, len;
+	SHA_CTX orig;
+	unsigned i, j;
+
+	if (!argv[1] || get_sha1_hex(argv[1], want)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: sha1-munge <sha1> [start] <file.in\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (argv[2])
+		start = atoi(argv[2]);
+	else
+		start = 0;
+
+	len = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	header_len = sprintf(header, "blob %d", len) + 1;
+	fprintf(stderr, "using header: %s\n", header);
+
+	/*
+	 * We keep a running sha1 so that if you are munging
+	 * near the end of the file, we do not have to re-sha1
+	 * the unchanged earlier bytes
+	 */
+	SHA1_Init(&orig);
+	SHA1_Update(&orig, header, header_len);
+	if (start)
+		SHA1_Update(&orig, buf, start);
+
+	signal(SIGALRM, progress);
+	alarm(1);
+
+	for (i = start; i < len; i++) {
+		unsigned char c;
+		SHA_CTX x;
+
+#if 0
+		/*
+		 * deletion -- this would not actually work in practice,
+		 * I think, because we've already committed to a
+		 * particular size in the header. Ditto for addition
+		 * below. In those cases, you'd have to do the whole
+		 * sha1 from scratch, or possibly keep three running
+		 * "orig" sha1 computations going.
+		 */
+		memcpy(&x, &orig, sizeof(x));
+		SHA1_Update(&x, buf + i + 1, len - i - 1);
+		SHA1_Final(have, &x);
+		if (!memcmp(have, want, 20))
+			printf("i=%d, deletion\n", i);
+#endif
+
+		/*
+		 * replacement -- note that this tries each of the 256
+		 * possible bytes. If you suspect a single-bit flip,
+		 * it would be much shorter to just try the 8
+		 * bit-flipped variants.
+		 */
+		c = buf[i];
+		for (j = 0; j <= 0xff; j++) {
+			buf[i] = j;
+
+			memcpy(&x, &orig, sizeof(x));
+			SHA1_Update(&x, buf + i, len - i);
+			SHA1_Final(have, &x);
+			if (!memcmp(have, want, 20))
+				printf("i=%d, j=%02x\n", i, j);
+		}
+		buf[i] = c;
+
+#if 0
+		/* addition */
+		for (j = 0; j <= 0xff; j++) {
+			unsigned char extra = j;
+			memcpy(&x, &orig, sizeof(x));
+			SHA1_Update(&x, &extra, 1);
+			SHA1_Update(&x, buf + i, len - i);
+			SHA1_Final(have, &x);
+			if (!memcmp(have, want, 20))
+				printf("i=%d, addition=%02x", i, j);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		SHA1_Update(&orig, buf + i, 1);
+		counter++;
+	}
+
+	alarm(0);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\r%d\n", counter);
+	return 0;
+}
+--------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
index 6fd711996a..462255ed5d 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ Abstract: Sometimes a branch that was already merged to the mainline
  after the offending branch is fixed.
 Message-ID: <7vocz8a6zk.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org>
 References: <alpine.LFD.2.00.0812181949450.14014@localhost.localdomain>
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to revert a faulty merge
+============================
 
 Alan <alan@clueserver.org> said:
 
@@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ where A and B are on the side development that was not so good, M is the
 merge that brings these premature changes into the mainline, x are changes
 unrelated to what the side branch did and already made on the mainline,
 and W is the "revert of the merge M" (doesn't W look M upside down?).
-IOW, "diff W^..W" is similar to "diff -R M^..M".
+IOW, `"diff W^..W"` is similar to `"diff -R M^..M"`.
 
 Such a "revert" of a merge can be made with:
 
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ where C and D are to fix what was broken in A and B, and you may already
 have some other changes on the mainline after W.
 
 If you merge the updated side branch (with D at its tip), none of the
-changes made in A nor B will be in the result, because they were reverted
+changes made in A or B will be in the result, because they were reverted
 by W.  That is what Alan saw.
 
 Linus explains the situation:
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ with:
     $ git revert W
 
 This history would (ignoring possible conflicts between what W and W..Y
-changed) be equivalent to not having W nor Y at all in the history:
+changed) be equivalent to not having W or Y at all in the history:
 
  ---o---o---o---M---x---x-------x----
 	       /
@@ -117,9 +121,9 @@ If you reverted the revert in such a case as in the previous example:
        ---A---B                   A'--B'--C'
 
 where Y is the revert of W, A' and B' are rerolled A and B, and there may
-also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch.  "diff Y^..Y" is similar
-to "diff -R W^..W" (which in turn means it is similar to "diff M^..M"),
-and "diff A'^..C'" by definition would be similar but different from that,
+also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch.  `"diff Y^..Y"` is similar
+to `"diff -R W^..W"` (which in turn means it is similar to `"diff M^..M"`),
+and `"diff A'^..C'"` by definition would be similar but different from that,
 because it is a rerolled series of the earlier change.  There will be a
 lot of overlapping changes that result in conflicts.  So do not do "revert
 of revert" blindly without thinking..
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ merged. So it's debugging hell, because now you don't have lots of small
 changes that you can try to pinpoint which _part_ of it changes.
 
 But does it all work? Sure it does. You can revert a merge, and from a
-purely technical angle, git did it very naturally and had no real
+purely technical angle, Git did it very naturally and had no real
 troubles. It just considered it a change from "state before merge" to
 "state after merge", and that was it. Nothing complicated, nothing odd,
 nothing really dangerous. Git will do it without even thinking about it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
index 093c656048..149508e13b 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ Date: Mon, 29 Aug 2005 21:39:02 -0700
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 Message-ID: <7voe7g3uop.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
 
-Reverting an existing commit
-============================
+How to revert an existing commit
+================================
 
 One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to
-break building GIT with GCC 2.95.  While they were well intentioned
+break building Git with GCC 2.95.  While they were well-intentioned
 portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also
 important.  Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master'
-branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core GIT tools and
+branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core Git tools and
 barebone Porcelain.
 
 First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ $ make clean test ;# make sure it did not cause other breakage.
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 Everything is in the good order.  I do not need the temporary branch
-nor tag anymore, so remove them:
+or tag anymore, so remove them:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ rm -f .git/refs/tags/pu-anchor
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ git pull . master
 Packing 0 objects
 Unpacking 0 objects
 
-* committish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
+* commit-ish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
 Trying to merge e3a693c... into 8c1f5f0... using 10d781b...
 Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f
  cache.h        |    8 ++++----
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
index 6d3eb8ed00..bd1027433b 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Subject: Separating topic branches
 Abstract: In this article, JC describes how to separate topic branches.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to separate topic branches
+==============================
 
 This text was originally a footnote to a discussion about the
 behaviour of the git diff commands.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
index 622ee5c8dd..f44e5e9458 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 From: Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger@nospam.com>
-Subject: Setting up a git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
+Subject: Setting up a Git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
 Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2006 22:00:26 +0200
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to setup Git server over http
+=================================
+
+NOTE: This document is from 2006.  A lot has happened since then, and this
+document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable.
+Almost everyone else should instead look at linkgit:git-http-backend[1].
 
 Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
 themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat's dream Debian, it is
@@ -40,20 +48,20 @@ What's needed:
 
 - have permissions to chown a directory
 
-- have git installed on the client, and
+- have Git installed on the client, and
 
-- either have git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
+- either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
   the client.
 
 In effect, this means you're going to be root, or that you're using a
 preconfigured WebDAV server.
 
 
-Step 1: setup a bare GIT repository
+Step 1: setup a bare Git repository
 -----------------------------------
 
-At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a GIT
-repository. So we have to do that at the server side with git. Another
+At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
+repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
 option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
 it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
 is not installed on the server).
@@ -77,8 +85,8 @@ Initialize a bare repository
     $ git --bare init
 
 
-Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use "grep ^User
-httpd.conf" and "grep ^Group httpd.conf" to find out:
+Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use `"grep ^User
+httpd.conf"` and `"grep ^Group httpd.conf"` to find out:
 
     $ chown -R www.www .
 
@@ -173,7 +181,7 @@ On Debian:
 
    Most tests should pass.
 
-A command line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
+A command-line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
 example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://..." or
 "webdavs://...".
 
@@ -185,7 +193,7 @@ http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git [x] Open as webfolder -> login .
 Step 3: setup the client
 ------------------------
 
-Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your git was built with
+Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
 libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command 'git http-push' with
 no argument should display a usage message.
 
@@ -264,7 +272,7 @@ Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.
 
   On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.
 
-If you access HTTPS locations, git may fail verifying the SSL
+If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
 certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
 help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
index b7f8d416d6..a5193b1e5c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ Message-ID: <7vfypumlu3.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
 Abstract: An example hooks/update script is presented to
  implement repository maintenance policies, such as who can push
  into which branch and who can make a tag.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to use the update hook
+==========================
 
 When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
 git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
@@ -32,8 +36,7 @@ like this as your hooks/update script.
 [jc: editorial note.  This is a much improved version by Carl
 since I posted the original outline]
 
--- >8 -- beginning of script -- >8 --
-
+----------------------------------------------------
 #!/bin/bash
 
 umask 002
@@ -111,12 +114,12 @@ then
 
       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
       for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
-	info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
-	matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
-	if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
-	then
-	  grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
-	fi
+        info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
+        matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
+        if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
+        then
+          grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
+        fi
       done
       deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
     done
@@ -149,13 +152,13 @@ then
 
       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
       for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
-	for groupname in $groups; do
-	  info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
-	  matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
-	  if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
-	  then
-	    grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
-	  fi
+        for groupname in $groups; do
+          info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
+          matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
+          if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
+          then
+            grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
+          fi
         done
       done
       deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
@@ -169,24 +172,21 @@ then
 fi
 
 deny >/dev/null "There are no more rules to check.  Denying access"
-
--- >8 -- end of script -- >8 --
+----------------------------------------------------
 
 This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
 allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
 whom.  The format of each file would look like this:
 
-        refs/heads/master	junio
-	+refs/heads/pu		junio
-        refs/heads/cogito$	pasky
-        refs/heads/bw/.*	linus
-        refs/heads/tmp/.*	.*
-        refs/tags/v[0-9].*	junio
+    refs/heads/master   junio
+    +refs/heads/pu      junio
+    refs/heads/cogito$  pasky
+    refs/heads/bw/.*    linus
+    refs/heads/tmp/.*   .*
+    refs/tags/v[0-9].*  junio
 
 With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
 or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
 do master and pu branches and make versioned tags.  And anybody
 can do tmp/blah branches. The '+' sign at the pu record means
 that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.
-
-------------
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
index 4e2f75cb61..7af2e52cf3 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
 How to use git-daemon
+=====================
 
 Git can be run in inetd mode and in stand alone mode. But all you want is
-let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a git server
+let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a Git server
 real quick, right?
 
 Note that git-daemon is not really chatty at the moment, especially when
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt
index 2933056120..1ae8d1214e 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ What you want is the 'subtree' merge strategy, which helps you in such a
 situation.
 
 In this example, let's say you have the repository at `/path/to/B` (but
-it can be an URL as well, if you want). You want to merge the 'master'
+it can be a URL as well, if you want). You want to merge the 'master'
 branch of that repository to the `dir-B` subdirectory in your current
 branch.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbf040eda8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+Date: Tue, 17 Jan 2011 13:00:00 -0800
+Subject: Using signed tag in pull requests
+Abstract: Beginning v1.7.9, a contributor can push a signed tag to her
+ publishing repository and ask her integrator to pull it. This assures the
+ integrator that the pulled history is authentic and allows others to
+ later validate it.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to use a signed tag in pull requests
+========================================
+
+A typical distributed workflow using Git is for a contributor to fork a
+project, build on it, publish the result to her public repository, and ask
+the "upstream" person (often the owner of the project where she forked
+from) to pull from her public repository. Requesting such a "pull" is made
+easy by the `git request-pull` command.
+
+Earlier, a typical pull request may have started like this:
+
+------------
+ The following changes since commit 406da78032179...:
+
+   Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
+
+ are available in the Git repository at:
+
+   example.com:/git/froboz.git for-xyzzy
+------------
+
+followed by a shortlog of the changes and a diffstat.
+
+The request was for a branch name (e.g. `for-xyzzy`) in the public
+repository of the contributor, and even though it stated where the
+contributor forked her work from, the message did not say anything about
+the commit to expect at the tip of the for-xyzzy branch. If the site that
+hosts the public repository of the contributor cannot be fully trusted, it
+was unnecessarily hard to make sure what was pulled by the integrator was
+genuinely what the contributor had produced for the project. Also there
+was no easy way for third-party auditors to later verify the resulting
+history.
+
+Starting from Git release v1.7.9, a contributor can add a signed tag to
+the commit at the tip of the history and ask the integrator to pull that
+signed tag. When the integrator runs `git pull`, the signed tag is
+automatically verified to assure that the history is not tampered with.
+In addition, the resulting merge commit records the content of the signed
+tag, so that other people can verify that the branch merged by the
+integrator was signed by the contributor, without fetching the signed tag
+used to validate the pull request separately and keeping it in the refs
+namespace.
+
+This document describes the workflow between the contributor and the
+integrator, using Git v1.7.9 or later.
+
+
+A contributor or a lieutenant
+-----------------------------
+
+After preparing her work to be pulled, the contributor uses `git tag -s`
+to create a signed tag:
+
+------------
+ $ git checkout work
+ $ ... "git pull" from sublieutenants, "git commit" your own work ...
+ $ git tag -s -m "Completed frotz feature" frotz-for-xyzzy work
+------------
+
+Note that this example uses the `-m` option to create a signed tag with
+just a one-liner message, but this is for illustration purposes only. It
+is advisable to compose a well-written explanation of what the topic does
+to justify why it is worthwhile for the integrator to pull it, as this
+message will eventually become part of the final history after the
+integrator responds to the pull request (as we will see later).
+
+Then she pushes the tag out to her public repository:
+
+------------
+ $ git push example.com:/git/froboz.git/ +frotz-for-xyzzy
+------------
+
+There is no need to push the `work` branch or anything else.
+
+Note that the above command line used a plus sign at the beginning of
+`+frotz-for-xyzzy` to allow forcing the update of a tag, as the same
+contributor may want to reuse a signed tag with the same name after the
+previous pull request has already been responded to.
+
+The contributor then prepares a message to request a "pull":
+
+------------
+ $ git request-pull v3.2 example.com:/git/froboz.git/ frotz-for-xyzzy >msg.txt
+------------
+
+The arguments are:
+
+. the version of the integrator's commit the contributor based her work on;
+. the URL of the repository, to which the contributor has pushed what she
+  wants to get pulled; and
+. the name of the tag the contributor wants to get pulled (earlier, she could
+  write only a branch name here).
+
+The resulting msg.txt file begins like so:
+
+------------
+ The following changes since commit 406da78032179...:
+
+   Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
+
+ are available in the Git repository at:
+
+   example.com:/git/froboz.git tags/frotz-for-xyzzy
+
+ for you to fetch changes up to 703f05ad5835c...:
+
+   Add tests and documentation for frotz (2011-12-02 10:02:52 -0800)
+
+ -----------------------------------------------
+ Completed frotz feature
+ -----------------------------------------------
+------------
+
+followed by a shortlog of the changes and a diffstat.  Comparing this with
+the earlier illustration of the output from the traditional `git request-pull`
+command, the reader should notice that:
+
+. The tip commit to expect is shown to the integrator; and
+. The signed tag message is shown prominently between the dashed lines
+  before the shortlog.
+
+The latter is why the contributor would want to justify why pulling her
+work is worthwhile when creating the signed tag.  The contributor then
+opens her favorite MUA, reads msg.txt, edits and sends it to her upstream
+integrator.
+
+
+Integrator
+----------
+
+After receiving such a pull request message, the integrator fetches and
+integrates the tag named in the request, with:
+
+------------
+ $ git pull example.com:/git/froboz.git/ tags/frotz-for-xyzzy
+------------
+
+This operation will always open an editor to allow the integrator to fine
+tune the commit log message when merging a signed tag.  Also, pulling a
+signed tag will always create a merge commit even when the integrator does
+not have any new commit since the contributor's work forked (i.e. 'fast
+forward'), so that the integrator can properly explain what the merge is
+about and why it was made.
+
+In the editor, the integrator will see something like this:
+
+------------
+ Merge tag 'frotz-for-xyzzy' of example.com:/git/froboz.git/
+
+ Completed frotz feature
+ # gpg: Signature made Fri 02 Dec 2011 10:03:01 AM PST using RSA key ID 96AFE6CB
+ # gpg: Good signature from "Con Tributor <nitfol@example.com>"
+------------
+
+Notice that the message recorded in the signed tag "Completed frotz
+feature" appears here, and again that is why it is important for the
+contributor to explain her work well when creating the signed tag.
+
+As usual, the lines commented with `#` are stripped out. The resulting
+commit records the signed tag used for this validation in a hidden field
+so that it can later be used by others to audit the history. There is no
+need for the integrator to keep a separate copy of the tag in his
+repository (i.e. `git tag -l` won't list the `frotz-for-xyzzy` tag in the
+above example), and there is no need to publish the tag to his public
+repository, either.
+
+After the integrator responds to the pull request and her work becomes
+part of the permanent history, the contributor can remove the tag from
+her public repository, if she chooses, in order to keep the tag namespace
+of her public repository clean, with:
+
+------------
+ $ git push example.com:/git/froboz.git :frotz-for-xyzzy
+------------
+
+
+Auditors
+--------
+
+The `--show-signature` option can be given to `git log` or `git show` and
+shows the verification status of the embedded signed tag in merge commits
+created when the integrator responded to a pull request of a signed tag.
+
+A typical output from `git show --show-signature` may look like this:
+
+------------
+ $ git show --show-signature
+ commit 02306ef6a3498a39118aef9df7975bdb50091585
+ merged tag 'frotz-for-xyzzy'
+ gpg: Signature made Fri 06 Jan 2012 12:41:49 PM PST using RSA key ID 96AFE6CB
+ gpg: Good signature from "Con Tributor <nitfol@example.com>"
+ Merge: 406da78 703f05a
+ Author: Inte Grator <xyzzy@example.com>
+ Date:   Tue Jan 17 13:49:41 2012 -0800
+
+     Merge tag 'frotz-for-xyzzy' of example.com:/git/froboz.git/
+
+     Completed frotz feature
+
+     * tag 'frotz-for-xyzzy' (100 commits)
+       Add tests and documentation for frotz
+       ...
+------------
+
+There is no need for the auditor to explicitly fetch the contributor's
+signature, or to even be aware of what tag(s) the contributor and integrator
+used to communicate the signature.  All the required information is recorded
+as part of the merge commit.
diff --git a/Documentation/i18n.txt b/Documentation/i18n.txt
index 625d3154ea..2dd79db5cb 100644
--- a/Documentation/i18n.txt
+++ b/Documentation/i18n.txt
@@ -1,23 +1,36 @@
-At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
-
- - The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects
-   are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes.
-   What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared
-   with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
-   to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts.  There is no such
-   thing as pathname encoding translation.
+Git is to some extent character encoding agnostic.
 
  - The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences
    of bytes.  There is no encoding translation at the core
    level.
 
- - The commit log messages are uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL
-   bytes.
+ - Path names are encoded in UTF-8 normalization form C. This
+   applies to tree objects, the index file, ref names, as well as
+   path names in command line arguments, environment variables
+   and config files (`.git/config` (see linkgit:git-config[1]),
+   linkgit:gitignore[5], linkgit:gitattributes[5] and
+   linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
++
+Note that Git at the core level treats path names simply as
+sequences of non-NUL bytes, there are no path name encoding
+conversions (except on Mac and Windows). Therefore, using
+non-ASCII path names will mostly work even on platforms and file
+systems that use legacy extended ASCII encodings. However,
+repositories created on such systems will not work properly on
+UTF-8-based systems (e.g. Linux, Mac, Windows) and vice versa.
+Additionally, many Git-based tools simply assume path names to
+be UTF-8 and will fail to display other encodings correctly.
+
+ - Commit log messages are typically encoded in UTF-8, but other
+   extended ASCII encodings are also supported. This includes
+   ISO-8859-x, CP125x and many others, but _not_ UTF-16/32,
+   EBCDIC and CJK multi-byte encodings (GBK, Shift-JIS, Big5,
+   EUC-x, CP9xx etc.).
 
 Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
-in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to
+in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
 force UTF-8 on projects.  If all participants of a particular
-project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git
+project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
 does not forbid it.  However, there are a few things to keep in
 mind.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh b/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh
index 76d69a907b..ed8b4ff3e5 100755
--- a/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh
+++ b/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh
@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ do
 	else
 		echo >&2 "# install $h $T/$h"
 		rm -f "$T/$h"
-		mkdir -p `dirname "$T/$h"`
+		mkdir -p $(dirname "$T/$h")
 		cp "$h" "$T/$h"
 	fi
 done
-strip_leading=`echo "$T/" | sed -e 's|.|.|g'`
+strip_leading=$(echo "$T/" | sed -e 's|.|.|g')
 for th in \
 	"$T"/*.html "$T"/*.txt \
 	"$T"/howto/*.txt "$T"/howto/*.html \
 	"$T"/technical/*.txt "$T"/technical/*.html
 do
-	h=`expr "$th" : "$strip_leading"'\(.*\)'`
+	h=$(expr "$th" : "$strip_leading"'\(.*\)')
 	case "$h" in
 	RelNotes-*.txt | index.html) continue ;;
 	esac
diff --git a/Documentation/line-range-format.txt b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..829676ff98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<start> and <end> can take one of these forms:
+
+- number
++
+If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
+absolute line number (lines count from 1).
++
+
+- /regex/
++
+This form will use the first line matching the given
+POSIX regex. If <start> is a regex, it will search from the end of
+the previous `-L` range, if any, otherwise from the start of file.
+If <start> is ``^/regex/'', it will search from the start of file.
+If <end> is a regex, it will search
+starting at the line given by <start>.
++
+
+- +offset or -offset
++
+This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
+of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
+
++
+If ``:<funcname>'' is given in place of <start> and <end>, it is a
+regular expression that denotes the range from the first funcname line
+that matches <funcname>, up to the next funcname line. ``:<funcname>''
+searches from the end of the previous `-L` range, if any, otherwise
+from the start of file. ``^:<funcname>'' searches from the start of
+file.
diff --git a/Documentation/lint-gitlink.perl b/Documentation/lint-gitlink.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..476cc30b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/lint-gitlink.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use File::Find;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+my $basedir = ".";
+GetOptions("basedir=s" => \$basedir)
+	or die("Cannot parse command line arguments\n");
+
+my $found_errors = 0;
+
+sub report {
+	my ($where, $what, $error) = @_;
+	print "$where: $error: $what\n";
+	$found_errors = 1;
+}
+
+sub grab_section {
+	my ($page) = @_;
+	open my $fh, "<", "$basedir/$page.txt";
+	my $firstline = <$fh>;
+	chomp $firstline;
+	close $fh;
+	my ($section) = ($firstline =~ /.*\((\d)\)$/);
+	return $section;
+}
+
+sub lint {
+	my ($file) = @_;
+	open my $fh, "<", $file
+		or return;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		my $where = "$file:$.";
+		while (s/linkgit:((.*?)\[(\d)\])//) {
+			my ($target, $page, $section) = ($1, $2, $3);
+
+			# De-AsciiDoc
+			$page =~ s/{litdd}/--/g;
+
+			if ($page !~ /^git/) {
+				report($where, $target, "nongit link");
+				next;
+			}
+			if (! -f "$basedir/$page.txt") {
+				report($where, $target, "no such source");
+				next;
+			}
+			$real_section = grab_section($page);
+			if ($real_section != $section) {
+				report($where, $target,
+					"wrong section (should be $real_section)");
+				next;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	close $fh;
+}
+
+sub lint_it {
+	lint($File::Find::name) if -f && /\.txt$/;
+}
+
+if (!@ARGV) {
+	find({ wanted => \&lint_it, no_chdir => 1 }, $basedir);
+} else {
+	for (@ARGV) {
+		lint($_);
+	}
+}
+
+exit $found_errors;
diff --git a/Documentation/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
index 288f04e70c..4a8c276529 100644
--- a/Documentation/mailmap.txt
+++ b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 If the file `.mailmap` exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at
-the location pointed to by the mailmap.file configuration option, it
+the location pointed to by the mailmap.file or mailmap.blob
+configuration options, it
 is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to
 canonical real names and email addresses.
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ Jane Doe         <jane@desktop.(none)>
 Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com>
 ------------
 
-Note how there is no need for an entry for <jane@laptop.(none)>, because the
+Note how there is no need for an entry for `<jane@laptop.(none)>`, because the
 real name of that author is already correct.
 
 Example 2: Your repository contains commits from the following
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
index 861bd6f553..df3ea3779b 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-merge.conflictstyle::
+merge.conflictStyle::
 	Specify the style in which conflicted hunks are written out to
 	working tree files upon merge.  The default is "merge", which
 	shows a `<<<<<<<` conflict marker, changes made by one side,
@@ -9,28 +9,24 @@ merge.conflictstyle::
 merge.defaultToUpstream::
 	If merge is called without any commit argument, merge the upstream
 	branches configured for the current branch by using their last
-	observed values stored in their remote tracking branches.
+	observed values stored in their remote-tracking branches.
 	The values of the `branch.<current branch>.merge` that name the
 	branches at the remote named by `branch.<current branch>.remote`
 	are consulted, and then they are mapped via `remote.<remote>.fetch`
-	to their corresponding remote tracking branches, and the tips of
+	to their corresponding remote-tracking branches, and the tips of
 	these tracking branches are merged.
 
 merge.ff::
-	By default, git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
+	By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
 	a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the
 	tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`,
-	this variable tells git to create an extra merge commit in such
+	this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such
 	a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command
 	line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are
 	allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the
 	command line).
 
-merge.log::
-	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with at
-	most the specified number of one-line descriptions from the
-	actual commits that are being merged.  Defaults to false, and
-	true is a synonym for 20.
+include::fmt-merge-msg-config.txt[]
 
 merge.renameLimit::
 	The number of files to consider when performing rename detection
@@ -38,10 +34,10 @@ merge.renameLimit::
 	diff.renameLimit.
 
 merge.renormalize::
-	Tell git that canonical representation of files in the
+	Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the
 	repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier commits record
 	text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line
-	endings).  In such a repository, git can convert the data
+	endings).  In such a repository, Git can convert the data
 	recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a
 	merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts.  For more information,
 	see section "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout
@@ -52,12 +48,12 @@ merge.stat::
 	at the end of the merge.  True by default.
 
 merge.tool::
-	Controls which merge resolution program is used by
-	linkgit:git-mergetool[1].  Valid built-in values are: "araxis",
-	"bc3", "diffuse", "ecmerge", "emerge", "gvimdiff", "kdiff3", "meld",
-	"opendiff", "p4merge", "tkdiff", "tortoisemerge", "vimdiff"
-	and "xxdiff".  Any other value is treated is custom merge tool
-	and there must be a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd option.
+	Controls which merge tool is used by linkgit:git-mergetool[1].
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom merge tool and requires
+	that a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-merge.txt[]
 
 merge.verbosity::
 	Controls the amount of output shown by the recursive merge
@@ -65,7 +61,7 @@ merge.verbosity::
 	message if conflicts were detected. Level 1 outputs only
 	conflicts, 2 outputs conflicts and file changes.  Level 5 and
 	above outputs debugging information.  The default is level 2.
-	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY' environment variable.
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY` environment variable.
 
 merge.<driver>.name::
 	Defines a human-readable name for a custom low-level
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
index 1a5c12e317..5b4a62e936 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -9,17 +9,38 @@ inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing.
 
 --edit::
 -e::
-	Invoke editor before committing successful merge to further
-	edit the default merge message.
+--no-edit::
+	Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to
+	further edit the auto-generated merge message, so that the user
+	can explain and justify the merge. The `--no-edit` option can be
+	used to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally
+	discouraged).
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+The `--edit` (or `-e`) option is still useful if you are
+giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line
+and want to edit it in the editor.
+endif::git-pull[]
++
+Older scripts may depend on the historical behaviour of not allowing the
+user to edit the merge log message. They will see an editor opened when
+they run `git merge`. To make it easier to adjust such scripts to the
+updated behaviour, the environment variable `GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT` can be
+set to `no` at the beginning of them.
 
 --ff::
+	When the merge resolves as a fast-forward, only update the branch
+	pointer, without creating a merge commit.  This is the default
+	behavior.
+
 --no-ff::
-	Do not generate a merge commit if the merge resolved as
-	a fast-forward, only update the branch pointer. This is
-	the default behavior of git-merge.
-+
-With --no-ff Generate a merge commit even if the merge
-resolved as a fast-forward.
+	Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a
+	fast-forward.  This is the default behaviour when merging an
+	annotated (and possibly signed) tag.
+
+--ff-only::
+	Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
+	current `HEAD` is already up-to-date or the merge can be
+	resolved as a fast-forward.
 
 --log[=<n>]::
 --no-log::
@@ -42,23 +63,17 @@ merge.
 
 --squash::
 --no-squash::
-	Produce the working tree and index state as if a real
-	merge happened (except for the merge information),
-	but do not actually make a commit or
-	move the `HEAD`, nor record `$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD` to
-	cause the next `git commit` command to create a merge
-	commit.  This allows you to create a single commit on
-	top of the current branch whose effect is the same as
-	merging another branch (or more in case of an octopus).
+	Produce the working tree and index state as if a real merge
+	happened (except for the merge information), but do not actually
+	make a commit, move the `HEAD`, or record `$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD`
+	(to cause the next `git commit` command to create a merge
+	commit).  This allows you to create a single commit on top of
+	the current branch whose effect is the same as merging another
+	branch (or more in case of an octopus).
 +
 With --no-squash perform the merge and commit the result. This
 option can be used to override --squash.
 
---ff-only::
-	Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
-	current `HEAD` is already up-to-date or the merge can be
-	resolved as a fast-forward.
-
 -s <strategy>::
 --strategy=<strategy>::
 	Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than
@@ -72,6 +87,14 @@ option can be used to override --squash.
 	Pass merge strategy specific option through to the merge
 	strategy.
 
+--verify-signatures::
+--no-verify-signatures::
+	Verify that the tip commit of the side branch being merged is
+	signed with a valid key, i.e. a key that has a valid uid: in the
+	default trust model, this means the signing key has been signed by
+	a trusted key.  If the tip commit of the side branch is not signed
+	with a valid key, the merge is aborted.
+
 --summary::
 --no-summary::
 	Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be
@@ -94,3 +117,11 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 	reporting.
 
 endif::git-pull[]
+
+--allow-unrelated-histories::
+	By default, `git merge` command refuses to merge histories
+	that do not share a common ancestor.  This option can be
+	used to override this safety when merging histories of two
+	projects that started their lives independently. As that is
+	a very rare occasion, no configuration variable to enable
+	this by default exists and will not be added.
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index 595a3cf1a7..2eb92b9327 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 MERGE STRATEGIES
 ----------------
 
-The merge mechanism ('git-merge' and 'git-pull' commands) allows the
+The merge mechanism (`git merge` and `git pull` commands) allows the
 backend 'merge strategies' to be chosen with `-s` option.  Some strategies
 can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving `-X<option>`
-arguments to 'git-merge' and/or 'git-pull'.
+arguments to `git merge` and/or `git pull`.
 
 resolve::
 	This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ recursive::
 	merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as
 	the reference tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been
 	reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without
-	causing mis-merges by tests done on actual merge commits
+	causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits
 	taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history.
 	Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving
 	renames.  This is the default merge strategy when
@@ -32,13 +32,14 @@ ours;;
 	This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by
 	favoring 'our' version.  Changes from the other tree that do not
 	conflict with our side are reflected to the merge result.
+	For a binary file, the entire contents are taken from our side.
 +
 This should not be confused with the 'ours' merge strategy, which does not
 even look at what the other tree contains at all.  It discards everything
 the other tree did, declaring 'our' history contains all that happened in it.
 
 theirs;;
-	This is opposite of 'ours'.
+	This is the opposite of 'ours'.
 
 patience;;
 	With this option, 'merge-recursive' spends a little extra time
@@ -47,6 +48,12 @@ patience;;
 	this when the branches to be merged have diverged wildly.
 	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--patience`.
 
+diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
+	Tells 'merge-recursive' to use a different diff algorithm, which
+	can help avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching
+	lines (such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
+	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.
+
 ignore-space-change;;
 ignore-all-space;;
 ignore-space-at-eol;;
@@ -74,9 +81,17 @@ no-renormalize;;
 	Disables the `renormalize` option.  This overrides the
 	`merge.renormalize` configuration variable.
 
+no-renames;;
+	Turn off rename detection.
+	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--no-renames`.
+
+find-renames[=<n>];;
+	Turn on rename detection, optionally setting the similarity
+	threshold.  This is the default.
+	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--find-renames`.
+
 rename-threshold=<n>;;
-	Controls the similarity threshold used for rename detection.
-	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `-M`.
+	Deprecated synonym for `find-renames=<n>`.
 
 subtree[=<path>];;
 	This option is a more advanced form of 'subtree' strategy, where
@@ -106,3 +121,11 @@ subtree::
 	match the tree structure of A, instead of reading the trees at
 	the same level. This adjustment is also done to the common
 	ancestor tree.
+
+With the strategies that use 3-way merge (including the default, 'recursive'),
+if a change is made on both branches, but later reverted on one of the
+branches, that change will be present in the merged result; some people find
+this behavior confusing.  It occurs because only the heads and the merge base
+are considered when performing a merge, not the individual commits.  The merge
+algorithm therefore considers the reverted change as no change at all, and
+substitutes the changed version instead.
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
index 880b6f2e6f..29b19b992f 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -75,11 +75,14 @@ This is designed to be as compact as possible.
 * 'raw'
 +
 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
-stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
+stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA-1s are
 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
-true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
-simplification into account.
+true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
+simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
+commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
+`git log --raw`. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
+use `--no-abbrev`.
 
 * 'format:<string>'
 +
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ would show something like this:
 The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
 The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
 
---------
+-------
 +
 The placeholders are:
 
@@ -106,56 +109,92 @@ The placeholders are:
 - '%P': parent hashes
 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
 - '%an': author name
-- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
+  or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ae': author email
-- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
 - '%ar': author date, relative
 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
-- '%ai': author date, ISO 8601 format
+- '%ai': author date, ISO 8601-like format
+- '%aI': author date, strict ISO 8601 format
 - '%cn': committer name
-- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ce': committer email
-- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
-- '%cd': committer date
+- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cd': committer date (format respects --date= option)
 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
 - '%cr': committer date, relative
 - '%ct': committer date, UNIX timestamp
-- '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601 format
+- '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601-like format
+- '%cI': committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
 - '%d': ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
+- '%D': ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
 - '%e': encoding
 - '%s': subject
 - '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
 - '%b': body
 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
+ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 - '%N': commit notes
-- '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@\{1\}`
-- '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@\{1\}`
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+- '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
+- '%G?': show "G" for a good (valid) signature, "B" for a bad signature,
+  "U" for a good signature with unknown validity and "N" for no signature
+- '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
+- '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
+- '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}`
+- '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@{1}`
 - '%gn': reflog identity name
-- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ge': reflog identity email
-- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%gs': reflog subject
 - '%Cred': switch color to red
 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
 - '%Creset': reset color
-- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
+- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option;
+  adding `auto,` at the beginning will emit color only when colors are
+  enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and
+  respecting the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a
+  terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring
+  on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.
 - '%m': left, right or boundary mark
 - '%n': newline
 - '%%': a raw '%'
 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
   linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+- '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
+  least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
+  Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
+  or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
+  Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
+- '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
+  columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
+- '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding spaces on the left
+- '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
+  respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
+  than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
+- '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
 
 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
-`git log -g`). The `%d` placeholder will use the "short" decoration
-format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command line.
+`git log -g`). The `%d` and `%D` placeholders will use the "short"
+decoration format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command
+line.
 
-If you add a `{plus}` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
+If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
index 2a3dc8664f..e44fc8f738 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@
 
 	Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
 	where '<format>' can be one of 'oneline', 'short', 'medium',
-	'full', 'fuller', 'email', 'raw' and 'format:<string>'.  See
-	the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
-	format.  When omitted, the format defaults to 'medium'.
+	'full', 'fuller', 'email', 'raw', 'format:<string>'
+	and 'tformat:<string>'.  When '<format>' is none of the above,
+	and has '%placeholder' in it, it acts as if
+	'--pretty=tformat:<format>' were given.
++
+See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
+format.  When '=<format>' part is omitted, it defaults to 'medium'.
 +
 Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
 configuration (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
@@ -22,33 +26,52 @@ people using 80-column terminals.
 --no-abbrev-commit::
 	Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates
 	`--abbrev-commit` and those options which imply it such as
-	"--oneline". It also overrides the 'log.abbrevCommit' variable.
+	"--oneline". It also overrides the `log.abbrevCommit` variable.
 
 --oneline::
 	This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
 	used together.
 
---encoding[=<encoding>]::
+--encoding=<encoding>::
 	The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
 	in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
 	command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
 	preferred by the user.  For non plumbing commands this
-	defaults to UTF-8.
+	defaults to UTF-8. Note that if an object claims to be encoded
+	in `X` and we are outputting in `X`, we will output the object
+	verbatim; this means that invalid sequences in the original
+	commit may be copied to the output.
+
+--expand-tabs=<n>::
+--expand-tabs::
+--no-expand-tabs::
+	Perform a tab expansion (replace each tab with enough spaces
+	to fill to the next display column that is multiple of '<n>')
+	in the log message before showing it in the output.
+	`--expand-tabs` is a short-hand for `--expand-tabs=8`, and
+	`--no-expand-tabs` is a short-hand for `--expand-tabs=0`,
+	which disables tab expansion.
++
+By default, tabs are expanded in pretty formats that indent the log
+message by 4 spaces (i.e.  'medium', which is the default, 'full',
+and 'fuller').
 
---notes[=<ref>]::
+ifndef::git-rev-list[]
+--notes[=<treeish>]::
 	Show the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) that annotate the
 	commit, when showing the commit log message.  This is the default
 	for `git log`, `git show` and `git whatchanged` commands when
-	there is no `--pretty`, `--format` nor `--oneline` option given
+	there is no `--pretty`, `--format`, or `--oneline` option given
 	on the command line.
 +
 By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the
-'core.notesRef' and 'notes.displayRef' variables (or corresponding
+`core.notesRef` and `notes.displayRef` variables (or corresponding
 environment overrides). See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.
 +
-With an optional '<ref>' argument, show this notes ref instead of the
-default notes ref(s). The ref is taken to be in `refs/notes/` if it
-is not qualified.
+With an optional '<treeish>' argument, use the treeish to find the notes
+to display.  The treeish can specify the full refname when it begins
+with `refs/notes/`; when it begins with `notes/`, `refs/` and otherwise
+`refs/notes/` is prefixed to form a full name of the ref.
 +
 Multiple --notes options can be combined to control which notes are
 being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
@@ -62,7 +85,12 @@ being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
 	"--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes
 	from "refs/notes/bar".
 
---show-notes[=<ref>]::
+--show-notes[=<treeish>]::
 --[no-]standard-notes::
 	These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
 	options instead.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+--show-signature::
+	Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature
+	to `gpg --verify` and show the output.
diff --git a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index beba065252..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,675 +0,0 @@
-gittutorial(7)
-==============
-
-NOME
-----
-gittutorial - Um tutorial de introdução ao git (para versão 1.5.1 ou mais nova)
-
-SINOPSE
---------
-git *
-
-DESCRIÇÃO
------------
-
-Este tutorial explica como importar um novo projeto para o git,
-adicionar mudanças a ele, e compartilhar mudanças com outros
-desenvolvedores.
-
-Se, ao invés disso, você está interessado primariamente em usar git para
-obter um projeto, por exemplo, para testar a última versão, você pode
-preferir começar com os primeiros dois capítulos de
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário Git].
-
-Primeiro, note que você pode obter documentação para um comando como
-`git log --graph` com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ man git-log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-ou:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git help log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com a última forma, você pode usar o visualizador de manual de sua
-escolha; veja linkgit:git-help[1] para maior informação.
-
-É uma boa idéia informar ao git seu nome e endereço público de email
-antes de fazer qualquer operação. A maneira mais fácil de fazê-lo é:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git config --global user.name "Seu Nome Vem Aqui"
-$ git config --global user.email voce@seudominio.exemplo.com
-------------------------------------------------
-
-
-Importando um novo projeto
------------------------
-
-Assuma que você tem um tarball project.tar.gz com seu trabalho inicial.
-Você pode colocá-lo sob controle de revisão git da seguinte forma:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
-$ cd project
-$ git init
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Git irá responder
-
-------------------------------------------------
-Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Agora que você iniciou seu diretório de trabalho, você deve ter notado que um
-novo diretório foi criado com o nome de ".git".
-
-A seguir, diga ao git para gravar um instantâneo do conteúdo de todos os
-arquivos sob o diretório atual (note o '.'), com 'git-add':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add .
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este instantâneo está agora armazenado em uma área temporária que o git
-chama de "index" ou índice. Você pode armazenar permanentemente o
-conteúdo do índice no repositório com 'git-commit':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto vai te pedir por uma mensagem de commit. Você agora gravou sua
-primeira versão de seu projeto no git.
-
-Fazendo mudanças
---------------
-
-Modifique alguns arquivos, e, então, adicione seu conteúdo atualizado ao
-índice:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add file1 file2 file3
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Você está agora pronto para fazer o commit. Você pode ver o que está
-para ser gravado usando 'git-diff' com a opção --cached:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --cached
-------------------------------------------------
-
-(Sem --cached, o comando 'git-diff' irá te mostrar quaisquer mudanças
-que você tenha feito mas ainda não adicionou ao índice.) Você também
-pode obter um breve sumário da situação com 'git-status':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   file1
-#	modified:   file2
-#	modified:   file3
-#
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você precisar fazer qualquer outro ajuste, faça-o agora, e, então,
-adicione qualquer conteúdo modificado ao índice. Finalmente, grave suas
-mudanças com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Ao executar esse comando, ele irá te pedir uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança,
-e, então, irá gravar a nova versão do projeto.
-
-Alternativamente, ao invés de executar 'git-add' antes, você pode usar
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-o que irá automaticamente notar quaisquer arquivos modificados (mas não
-novos), adicioná-los ao índices, e gravar, tudo em um único passo.
-
-Uma nota em mensagens de commit: Apesar de não ser exigido, é uma boa
-idéia começar a mensagem com uma simples e curta (menos de 50
-caracteres) linha sumarizando a mudança, seguida de uma linha em branco
-e, então, uma descrição mais detalhada. Ferramentas que transformam
-commits em email, por exemplo, usam a primeira linha no campo de
-cabeçalho "Subject:" e o resto no corpo.
-
-Git rastreia conteúdo, não arquivos
-----------------------------
-
-Muitos sistemas de controle de revisão provêem um comando `add` que diz
-ao sistema para começar a rastrear mudanças em um novo arquivo. O
-comando `add` do git faz algo mais simples e mais poderoso: 'git-add' é
-usado tanto para arquivos novos e arquivos recentemente modificados, e
-em ambos os casos, ele tira o instantâneo dos arquivos dados e armazena
-o conteúdo no índice, pronto para inclusão do próximo commit.
-
-Visualizando a história do projeto
------------------------
-
-Em qualquer ponto você pode visualizar a história das suas mudanças
-usando
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você também quiser ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Geralmente, uma visão geral da mudança é útil para ter a sensação de
-cada passo
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --stat --summary
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Gerenciando "branches"/ramos
------------------
-
-Um simples repositório git pode manter múltiplos ramos de
-desenvolvimento. Para criar um novo ramo chamado "experimental", use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você executar agora
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch
-------------------------------------------------
-
-você vai obter uma lista de todos os ramos existentes:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-  experimental
-* master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-O ramo "experimental" é o que você acaba de criar, e o ramo "master" é o
-ramo padrão que foi criado pra você automaticamente. O asterisco marca
-o ramo em que você está atualmente; digite
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-para mudar para o ramo experimental. Agora edite um arquivo, grave a
-mudança, e mude de volta para o ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edita arquivo)
-$ git commit -a
-$ git checkout master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Verifique que a mudança que você fez não está mais visível, já que ela
-foi feita no ramo experimental e você está de volta ao ramo master.
-
-Você pode fazer uma mudança diferente no ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edit file)
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-neste ponto, os dois ramos divergiram, com diferentes mudanças feitas em
-cada um. Para unificar as mudanças feitas no experimental para o
-master, execute
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git merge experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se as mudanças não conflitarem, estará pronto. Se existirem conflitos,
-marcadores serão deixados nos arquivos problemáticos exibindo o
-conflito;
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai exibir isto. Após você editar os arquivos para resolver os
-conflitos,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-irá gravar o resultado da unificação. Finalmente,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai mostrar uma bela representação gráfica da história resultante.
-
-Neste ponto você pode remover seu ramo experimental com
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch -d experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este comando garante que as mudanças no ramo experimental já estão no
-ramo atual.
-
-Se você desenvolve em um ramo ideia-louca, e se arrepende, você pode
-sempre remover o ramo com
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git branch -D ideia-louca
--------------------------------------
-
-Ramos são baratos e fáceis, então isto é uma boa maneira de experimentar
-alguma coisa.
-
-Usando git para colaboração
----------------------------
-
-Suponha que Alice começou um novo projeto com um repositório git em
-/home/alice/project, e que Bob, que tem um diretório home na mesma
-máquina, quer contribuir.
-
-Bob começa com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone /home/alice/project myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isso cria um novo diretório "myrepo" contendo um clone do repositório de
-Alice. O clone está no mesmo pé que o projeto original, possuindo sua
-própria cópia da história do projeto original.
-
-Bob então faz algumas mudanças e as grava:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(editar arquivos)
-bob$ git commit -a
-(repetir conforme necessário)
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Quanto está pronto, ele diz a Alice para puxar as mudanças do
-repositório em /home/bob/myrepo. Ela o faz com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ cd /home/alice/project
-alice$ git pull /home/bob/myrepo master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto unifica as mudanças do ramo "master" do Bob ao ramo atual de Alice.
-Se Alice fez suas próprias mudanças no intervalo, ela, então, pode
-precisar corrigir manualmente quaisquer conflitos. (Note que o argumento
-"master" no comando acima é, de fato, desnecessário, já que é o padrão.)
-
-O comando "pull" executa, então, duas operações: ele obtém mudanças de
-um ramo remoto, e, então, as unifica no ramo atual.
-
-Note que, em geral, Alice gostaria que suas mudanças locais fossem
-gravadas antes de iniciar este "pull". Se o trabalho de Bob conflita
-com o que Alice fez desde que suas histórias se ramificaram, Alice irá
-usar seu diretório de trabalho e o índice para resolver conflitos, e
-mudanças locais existentes irão interferir com o processo de resolução
-de conflitos (git ainda irá realizar a obtenção mas irá se recusar a
-unificar --- Alice terá que se livrar de suas mudanças locais de alguma
-forma e puxar de novo quando isso acontecer).
-
-Alice pode espiar o que Bob fez sem unificar primeiro, usando o comando
-"fetch"; isto permite Alice inspecionar o que Bob fez, usando um símbolo
-especial "FETCH_HEAD", com o fim de determinar se ele tem alguma coisa
-que vale puxar, assim:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master
-alice$ git log -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Esta operação é segura mesmo se Alice tem mudanças locais não gravadas.
-A notação de intervalo "HEAD..FETCH_HEAD" significa mostrar tudo que é
-alcançável de FETCH_HEAD mas exclua tudo o que é alcançável de HEAD.
-Alice já sabe tudo que leva a seu estado atual (HEAD), e revisa o que Bob
-tem em seu estado (FETCH_HEAD) que ela ainda não viu com esse comando.
-
-Se Alice quer visualizar o que Bob fez desde que suas histórias se
-ramificaram, ela pode disparar o seguinte comando:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto usa a mesma notação de intervalo que vimos antes com 'git log'.
-
-Alice pode querer ver o que ambos fizeram desde que ramificaram. Ela
-pode usar a forma com três pontos ao invés da forma com dois pontos:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD...FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto significa "mostre tudo que é alcançável de qualquer um deles, mas
-exclua tudo que é alcançável a partir de ambos".
-
-Por favor, note que essas notações de intervalo podem ser usadas tanto
-com gitk quanto com "git log".
-
-Após inspecionar o que Bob fez, se não há nada urgente, Alice pode
-decidir continuar trabalhando sem puxar de Bob. Se a história de Bob
-tem alguma coisa que Alice precisa imediatamente, Alice pode optar por
-separar seu trabalho em progresso primeiro, fazer um "pull", e, então,
-finalmente, retomar seu trabalho em progresso em cima da história
-resultante.
-
-Quando você está trabalhando em um pequeno grupo unido, não é incomum
-interagir com o mesmo repositório várias e várias vezes. Definindo um
-repositório remoto antes de tudo, você pode fazê-lo mais facilmente:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com isso, Alice pode executar a primeira parte da operação "pull" usando
-o comando 'git-fetch' sem unificar suas mudanças com seu próprio ramo,
-usando:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch bob
--------------------------------------
-
-Diferente da forma longa, quando Alice obteve de Bob usando um
-repositório remoto antes definido com 'git-remote', o que foi obtido é
-armazenado em um ramo remoto, neste caso `bob/master`. Então, após isso:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git log -p master..bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-mostra uma lista de todas as mudanças que Bob fez desde que ramificou do
-ramo master de Alice.
-
-Após examinar essas mudanças, Alice pode unificá-las em seu ramo master:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git merge bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Esse `merge` pode também ser feito puxando de seu próprio ramo remoto,
-assim:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que 'git pull' sempre unifica ao ramo atual, independente do que
-mais foi passado na linha de comando.
-
-Depois, Bob pode atualizar seu repositório com as últimas mudanças de
-Alice, usando
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git pull
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que ele não precisa dar o caminho do repositório de Alice; quando
-Bob clonou seu repositório, o git armazenou a localização de seu
-repositório na configuração do mesmo, e essa localização é usada
-para puxar:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git config --get remote.origin.url
-/home/alice/project
--------------------------------------
-
-(A configuração completa criada por 'git-clone' é visível usando `git
-config -l`, e a página de manual linkgit:git-config[1] explica o
-significado de cada opção.)
-
-Git também mantém uma cópia limpa do ramo master de Alice sob o nome
-"origin/master":
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git branch -r
-  origin/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Se Bob decidir depois em trabalhar em um host diferente, ele ainda pode
-executar clones e puxar usando o protocolo ssh:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
--------------------------------------
-
-Alternativamente, o git tem um protocolo nativo, ou pode usar rsync ou
-http; veja linkgit:git-pull[1] para detalhes.
-
-Git pode também ser usado em um modo parecido com CVS, com um
-repositório central para o qual vários usuários empurram modificações;
-veja linkgit:git-push[1] e linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
-
-Explorando história
------------------
-
-A história no git é representada como uma série de commits
-interrelacionados. Nós já vimos que o comando 'git-log' pode listar
-esses commits. Note que a primeira linha de cada entrada no log também
-dá o nome para o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log
-commit c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
-Author: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
-Date:   Tue May 16 17:18:22 2006 -0700
-
-    merge-base: Clarify the comments on post processing.
--------------------------------------
-
-Nós podemos dar este nome ao 'git-show' para ver os detalhes sobre este
-commit.
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
--------------------------------------
-
-Mas há outras formas de se referir aos commits. Você pode usar qualquer
-parte inicial do nome que seja longo o bastante para identificar
-unicamente o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39c	# os primeiros caracteres do nome são o bastante
-			# usualmente
-$ git show HEAD		# a ponta do ramo atual
-$ git show experimental	# a ponta do ramo "experimental"
--------------------------------------
-
-Todo commit normalmente tem um commit "pai" que aponta para o estado
-anterior do projeto:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^  # para ver o pai de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD^^ # para ver o avô de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD~4 # para ver o trisavô de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que commits de unificação podem ter mais de um pai:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^1 # mostra o primeiro pai de HEAD (o mesmo que HEAD^)
-$ git show HEAD^2 # mostra o segundo pai de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar aos commits nomes à sua escolha; após executar
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git tag v2.5 1b2e1d63ff
--------------------------------------
-
-você pode se referir a 1b2e1d63ff pelo nome "v2.5". Se você pretende
-compartilhar esse nome com outras pessoas (por exemplo, para identificar
-uma versão de lançamento), você deveria criar um objeto "tag", e talvez
-assiná-lo; veja linkgit:git-tag[1] para detalhes.
-
-Qualquer comando git que precise conhecer um commit pode receber
-quaisquer desses nomes. Por exemplo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5 HEAD	 # compara o HEAD atual com v2.5
-$ git branch stable v2.5 # inicia um novo ramo chamado "stable" baseado
-			 # em v2.5
-$ git reset --hard HEAD^ # reseta seu ramo atual e seu diretório de
-			 # trabalho a seu estado em HEAD^
--------------------------------------
-
-Seja cuidadoso com o último comando: além de perder quaisquer mudanças
-em seu diretório de trabalho, ele também remove todos os commits
-posteriores desse ramo. Se esse ramo é o único ramo contendo esses
-commits, eles serão perdidos. Também, não use 'git-reset' num ramo
-publicamente visível de onde outros desenvolvedores puxam, já que vai
-forçar unificações desnecessárias para que outros desenvolvedores limpem
-a história. Se você precisa desfazer mudanças que você empurrou, use
-'git-revert' no lugar.
-
-O comando 'git-grep' pode buscar strings em qualquer versão de seu
-projeto, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello" v2.5
--------------------------------------
-
-procura por todas as ocorrências de "hello" em v2.5.
-
-Se você deixar de fora o nome do commit, 'git-grep' irá procurar
-quaisquer dos arquivos que ele gerencia no diretório corrente. Então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello"
--------------------------------------
-
-é uma forma rápida de buscar somente os arquivos que são rastreados pelo
-git.
-
-Muitos comandos git também recebem um conjunto de commits, o que pode
-ser especificado de várias formas. Aqui estão alguns exemplos com 'git-log':
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log v2.5..v2.6            # commits entre v2.5 e v2.6
-$ git log v2.5..                # commits desde v2.5
-$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits das últimas 2 semanas
-$ git log v2.5.. Makefile       # commits desde v2.5 que modificam
-				# Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar ao 'git-log' um "intervalo" de commits onde o
-primeiro não é necessariamente um ancestral do segundo; por exemplo, se
-as pontas dos ramos "stable" e "master" divergiram de um commit
-comum algum tempo atrás, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log stable..master
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar os commits feitos no ramo "master" mas não no ramo
-"stable", enquanto
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log master..stable
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar a lista de commits feitos no ramo "stable" mas não no ramo
-"master".
-
-O comando 'git-log' tem uma fraqueza: ele precisa mostrar os commits em
-uma lista. Quando a história tem linhas de desenvolvimento que
-divergiram e então foram unificadas novamente, a ordem em que 'git-log'
-apresenta essas mudanças é irrelevante.
-
-A maioria dos projetos com múltiplos contribuidores (como o kernel
-Linux, ou o próprio git) tem unificações frequentes, e 'gitk' faz um
-trabalho melhor de visualizar sua história. Por exemplo,
-
--------------------------------------
-$ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" drivers/
--------------------------------------
-
-permite a você navegar em quaisquer commits desde as últimas duas semanas
-de commits que modificaram arquivos sob o diretório "drivers". (Nota:
-você pode ajustar as fontes do gitk segurando a tecla control enquanto
-pressiona "-" ou "+".)
-
-Finalmente, a maioria dos comandos que recebem nomes de arquivo permitirão
-também, opcionalmente, preceder qualquer nome de arquivo por um
-commit, para especificar uma versão particular do arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5:Makefile HEAD:Makefile.in
--------------------------------------
-
-Você pode usar 'git-show' para ver tal arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show v2.5:Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Próximos passos
-----------
-
-Este tutorial deve ser o bastante para operar controle de revisão
-distribuído básico para seus projetos. No entanto, para entender
-plenamente a profundidade e o poder do git você precisa entender duas
-idéias simples nas quais ele se baseia:
-
-  * A base de objetos é um sistema bem elegante usado para armazenar a
-    história de seu projeto--arquivos, diretórios, e commits.
-
-  * O arquivo de índice é um cache do estado de uma árvore de diretório,
-    usado para criar commits, restaurar diretórios de trabalho, e
-    armazenar as várias árvores envolvidas em uma unificação.
-
-A parte dois deste tutorial explica a base de objetos, o arquivo de
-índice, e algumas outras coisinhas que você vai precisar pra usar o
-máximo do git. Você pode encontrá-la em linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
-
-Se você não quiser continuar com o tutorial agora nesse momento, algumas
-outras digressões que podem ser interessantes neste ponto são:
-
-  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-am[1]: Estes convertem
-    séries de commits em patches para email, e vice-versa, úteis para
-    projetos como o kernel Linux que dependem fortemente de patches
-    enviados por email.
-
-  * linkgit:git-bisect[1]: Quando há uma regressão em seu projeto, uma
-    forma de rastrear um bug é procurando pela história para encontrar o
-    commit culpado. Git bisect pode ajudar a executar uma busca binária
-    por esse commit. Ele é inteligente o bastante para executar uma
-    busca próxima da ótima mesmo no caso de uma história complexa
-    não-linear com muitos ramos unificados.
-
-  * link:everyday.html[GIT diariamente com 20 e tantos comandos]
-
-  * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git para usuários de CVS.
-
-VEJA TAMBÉM
---------
-linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
-linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
-linkgit:gitglossary[7],
-linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[git diariamente],
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário git]
-
-GIT
----
-Parte da suite linkgit:git[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
index 5dd6e5a0c7..1ebbf1d738 100644
--- a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
@@ -12,9 +12,23 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 endif::git-pull[]
 
 <refspec>::
-	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
-	`{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
-	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
+	Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update.
+	When no <refspec>s appear on the command line, the refs to fetch
+	are read from `remote.<repository>.fetch` variables instead
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+	(see <<CRTB,CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES>> below).
+endif::git-pull[]
+ifdef::git-pull[]
+	(see linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
+endif::git-pull[]
++
+The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
+`+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
+The colon can be omitted when <dst> is empty.
++
+`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
+it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
 +
 The remote ref that matches <src>
 is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local
@@ -24,50 +38,34 @@ is updated even if it does not result in a fast-forward
 update.
 +
 [NOTE]
-If the remote branch from which you want to pull is
-modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and
-rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with
-an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail.
-It is under these conditions that you would want to use
-the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will
-be needed.  There is currently no easy way to determine
-or declare that a branch will be made available in a
-repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
+When the remote branch you want to fetch is known to
+be rewound and rebased regularly, it is expected that
+its new tip will not be descendant of its previous tip
+(as stored in your remote-tracking branch the last time
+you fetched).  You would want
+to use the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates
+will be needed for such branches.  There is no way to
+determine or declare that a branch will be made available
+in a repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
 must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.
-+
-[NOTE]
-You never do your own development on branches that appear
-on the right hand side of a <refspec> colon on `Pull:` lines;
-they are to be updated by 'git fetch'.  If you intend to do
-development derived from a remote branch `B`, have a `Pull:`
-line to track it (i.e. `Pull: B:remote-B`), and have a separate
-branch `my-B` to do your development on top of it.  The latter
-is created by `git branch my-B remote-B` (or its equivalent `git
-checkout -b my-B remote-B`).  Run `git fetch` to keep track of
-the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new
-on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with
-`git pull . remote-B`, while you are on `my-B` branch.
+ifdef::git-pull[]
 +
 [NOTE]
 There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec>
 directly on 'git pull' command line and having multiple
-`Pull:` <refspec> lines for a <repository> and running
+`remote.<repository>.fetch` entries in your configuration
+for a <repository> and running a
 'git pull' command without any explicit <refspec> parameters.
-<refspec> listed explicitly on the command line are always
+<refspec>s listed explicitly on the command line are always
 merged into the current branch after fetching.  In other words,
-if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making
-an Octopus.  While 'git pull' run without any explicit <refspec>
-parameter takes default <refspec>s from `Pull:` lines, it
-merges only the first <refspec> found into the current branch,
-after fetching all the remote refs.  This is because making an
+if you list more than one remote ref, 'git pull' will create
+an Octopus merge.  On the other hand, if you do not list any
+explicit <refspec> parameter on the command line, 'git pull'
+will fetch all the <refspec>s it finds in the
+`remote.<repository>.fetch` configuration and merge
+only the first <refspec> found into the current branch.
+This is because making an
 Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
 of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one
 is often useful.
-+
-Some short-cut notations are also supported.
-+
-* `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
-  it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
-* A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to
-  <ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current
-  branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally
+endif::git-pull[]
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index 39e6207269..4f009d4424 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -3,79 +3,105 @@ Commit Limiting
 
 Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
 special notations explained in the description, additional commit
-limiting may be applied. Note that they are applied before commit
-ordering and formatting options, such as '--reverse'.
+limiting may be applied.
+
+Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g.
+`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it
+with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message
+has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted.
+
+Note that these are applied before commit
+ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`.
 
 --
 
--n 'number'::
+-<number>::
+-n <number>::
 --max-count=<number>::
-
 	Limit the number of commits to output.
 
 --skip=<number>::
-
 	Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
 
 --since=<date>::
 --after=<date>::
-
 	Show commits more recent than a specific date.
 
 --until=<date>::
 --before=<date>::
-
 	Show commits older than a specific date.
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --max-age=<timestamp>::
 --min-age=<timestamp>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to specified time range.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --author=<pattern>::
 --committer=<pattern>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
-	header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression).
+	header lines that match the specified pattern (regular
+	expression).  With more than one `--author=<pattern>`,
+	commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are
+	chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`).
+
+--grep-reflog=<pattern>::
+	Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that
+	match the specified pattern (regular expression). With
+	more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message
+	matches any of the given patterns are chosen.  It is an
+	error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use.
 
 --grep=<pattern>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
-	matches the specified pattern (regular expression).
+	matches the specified pattern (regular expression).  With
+	more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message
+	matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see
+	`--all-match`).
+ifndef::git-rev-list[]
++
+When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes is
+matched as if it were part of the log message.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --all-match::
-	Limit the commits output to ones that match all given --grep,
-	--author and --committer instead of ones that match at least one.
+	Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`,
+	instead of ones that match at least one.
+
+--invert-grep::
+	Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not
+	match the pattern specified with `--grep=<pattern>`.
 
 -i::
 --regexp-ignore-case::
+	Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter
+	case.
 
-	Match the regexp limiting patterns without regard to letters case.
+--basic-regexp::
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions;
+	this is the default.
 
 -E::
 --extended-regexp::
-
 	Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions
 	instead of the default basic regular expressions.
 
 -F::
 --fixed-strings::
-
 	Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret
 	pattern as a regular expression).
 
---remove-empty::
+--perl-regexp::
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions.
+	Requires libpcre to be compiled in.
 
+--remove-empty::
 	Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
 
 --merges::
-
 	Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`.
 
 --no-merges::
-
 	Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is
 	exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`.
 
@@ -83,8 +109,7 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 --max-parents=<number>::
 --no-min-parents::
 --no-max-parents::
-
-	Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many
+	Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent
 	commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`,
 	`--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`.  `--max-parents=0`
 	gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges.
@@ -100,61 +125,73 @@ parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit).
 	because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about
 	adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and
 	this option allows you to ignore the individual commits
-	brought in to your history by such a merge.
+	brought in to your history by such a merge. Cannot be
+	combined with --bisect.
 
 --not::
-
 	Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
-	for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
+	for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`.
 
 --all::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/` are listed on the
 	command line as '<commit>'.
 
 --branches[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
 	branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?',
-	'*', or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+	'{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
 --tags[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
-	tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '*',
-	or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+	tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}',
+	or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
 --remotes[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
 	remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
-	If pattern lacks '?', '*', or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+	If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
 --glob=<glob-pattern>::
 	Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob '<glob-pattern>'
 	are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. Leading 'refs/',
-	is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '*',
-	or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+	is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}',
+	or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
---ignore-missing::
+--exclude=<glob-pattern>::
+
+	Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`,
+	`--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise
+	consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
+	up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or
+	`--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear
+	accumulated patterns).
++
+The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or
+`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`,
+respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob`
+or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given
+explicitly.
+
+--reflog::
+	Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the
+	command line as `<commit>`.
 
+--ignore-missing::
 	Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if
 	the bad input was not given.
 
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 --bisect::
-
 	Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad`
 	was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good
 	bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command
-	line.
+	line. Cannot be combined with --first-parent.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --stdin::
-
 	In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
 	line, read them from the standard input. If a '--' separator is
 	seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the
@@ -162,48 +199,43 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --quiet::
-
 	Don't print anything to standard output.  This form
 	is primarily meant to allow the caller to
 	test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully
 	connected (or not).  It is faster than redirecting stdout
-	to /dev/null as the output does not have to be formatted.
+	to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --cherry-mark::
-
 	Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits
 	with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`.
 
 --cherry-pick::
-
 	Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
-	another commit on the "other side" when the set of
+	another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of
 	commits are limited with symmetric difference.
 +
 For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way
 to list all commits on only one side of them is with
 `--left-right` (see the example below in the description of
-the `--left-right` option).  It however shows the commits that were cherry-picked
-from the other branch (for example, "3rd on b" may be cherry-picked
-from branch A).  With this option, such pairs of commits are
+the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were
+cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be
+cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are
 excluded from the output.
 
 --left-only::
 --right-only::
-
 	List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric range,
 	i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by
 	`--left-right`.
 +
 For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those
 commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in
-`A`. In other words, this lists the `{plus}` commits from `git cherry A B`.
+`A`. In other words, this lists the `+` commits from `git cherry A B`.
 More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact
 list.
 
 --cherry::
-
 	A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to
 	limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that
 	have been applied to the other side of a forked history with
@@ -212,32 +244,37 @@ list.
 
 -g::
 --walk-reflogs::
-
 	Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
 	reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
 	When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
 	exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
-	nor 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used).
+	and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used).
 +
-With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
+With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons),
 this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
 taken from the reflog.  By default, 'commit@\{Nth}' notation is
 used in the output.  When the starting commit is specified as
 'commit@\{now}', output also uses 'commit@\{timestamp}' notation
-instead.  Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
+instead.  Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is
 prefixed with this information on the same line.
-This option cannot be combined with '\--reverse'.
+This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`.
 See also linkgit:git-reflog[1].
 
 --merge::
-
 	After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
 	conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
 
 --boundary::
+	Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are
+	prefixed with `-`.
 
-	Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
-	not shown.
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--use-bitmap-index::
+
+	Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if
+	one is available). Note that when traversing with `--objects`,
+	trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --
 
@@ -252,11 +289,9 @@ is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history.
 The following options select the commits to be shown:
 
 <paths>::
-
 	Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected.
 
 --simplify-by-decoration::
-
 	Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected.
 
 Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.
@@ -264,33 +299,27 @@ Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.
 The following options affect the way the simplification is performed:
 
 Default mode::
-
 	Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the
 	final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side
 	branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches
 	with the same content)
 
 --full-history::
-
 	Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history.
 
 --dense::
-
 	Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a
 	meaningful history.
 
 --sparse::
-
 	All commits in the simplified history are shown.
 
 --simplify-merges::
-
-	Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless
+	Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless
 	merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
 	commits contributing to this merge.
 
 --ancestry-path::
-
 	When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2'
 	or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist
 	directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and
@@ -307,43 +336,45 @@ In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to
 illustrate the differences between simplification settings.  We assume
 that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	  .-A---M---N---O---P
-	 /     /   /   /   /
-	I     B   C   D   E
-	 \   /   /   /   /
-	  `-------------'
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
+	 /     /   /   /   /   /
+	I     B   C   D   E   Y
+	 \   /   /   /   /   /
+	  `-------------'   X
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-The horizontal line of history A---P is taken to be the first parent of
+The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of
 each merge.  The commits are:
 
 * `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents
-  "asdf", and a file `quux` exists with contents "quux".  Initial
+  ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial
   commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME.
 
-* In `A`, `foo` contains just "foo".
+* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''.
 
 * `B` contains the same change as `A`.  Its merge `M` is trivial and
   hence TREESAME to all parents.
 
-* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to "foobar",
+* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'',
   so it is not TREESAME to any parent.
 
-* `D` sets `foo` to "baz".  Its merge `O` combines the strings from
-  `N` and `D` to "foobarbaz"; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
+* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from
+  `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
+
+* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the
+  strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`.
 
-* `E` changes `quux` to "xyzzy", and its merge `P` combines the
-  strings to "quux xyzzy".  Despite appearing interesting, `P` is
-  TREESAME to all parents.
+* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y`
+  modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and
+  `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`.
 
-'rev-list' walks backwards through history, including or excluding
-commits based on whether '\--full-history' and/or parent rewriting
-(via '\--parents' or '\--children') are used.  The following settings
+`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding
+commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting
+(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings
 are available.
 
 Default mode::
-
 	Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent
-	(though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below).  If the
+	(though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below).  If the
 	commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow
 	only that parent.  (Even if there are several TREESAME
 	parents, follow only one of them.)  Otherwise, follow all
@@ -362,12 +393,11 @@ available, removed `B` from consideration entirely.  `C` was
 considered via `N`, but is TREESAME.  Root commits are compared to an
 empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME.
 +
-Parent/child relations are only visible with --parents, but that does
+Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does
 not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the
 parent lines.
 
 --full-history without parent rewriting::
-
 	This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow
 	all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them.
 	Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are
@@ -375,10 +405,10 @@ parent lines.
 	the example, we get
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	I  A  B  N  D  O
+	I  A  B  N  D  O  P  Q
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-`P` and `M` were excluded because they are TREESAME to a parent.  `E`,
+`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents.  `E`,
 `C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others
 do not appear.
 +
@@ -387,47 +417,43 @@ about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show
 them disconnected.
 
 --full-history with parent rewriting::
-
 	Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME
-	(though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below).
+	(though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below).
 +
 Merges are always included.  However, their parent list is rewritten:
 Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included
 themselves.  This results in
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	  .-A---M---N---O---P
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
 	 /     /   /   /   /
 	I     B   /   D   /
 	 \   /   /   /   /
 	  `-------------'
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-Compare to '\--full-history' without rewriting above.  Note that `E`
+Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above.  Note that `E`
 was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was
 rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`.  The same happened for `C` and
-`N`.  Note also that `P` was included despite being TREESAME.
+`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`.
 
 In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME
 affects inclusion:
 
 --dense::
-
 	Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME
 	to any parent.
 
 --sparse::
-
 	All commits that are walked are included.
 +
-Note that without '\--full-history', this still simplifies merges: if
+Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if
 one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other
 sides of the merge are never walked.
 
 --simplify-merges::
-
 	First, build a history graph in the same way that
-	'\--full-history' with parent rewriting does (see above).
+	`--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above).
 +
 Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final
 history according to the following rules:
@@ -436,8 +462,9 @@ history according to the following rules:
 * Set `C'` to `C`.
 +
 * Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`.  In
-  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents, and
-  remove duplicates.
+  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are
+  root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care
+  to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to.
 +
 * If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has
   zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains.
@@ -445,7 +472,7 @@ history according to the following rules:
 --
 +
 The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
-'\--full-history' with parent rewriting.  The example turns into:
+`--full-history` with parent rewriting.  The example turns into:
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	  .-A---M---N---O
@@ -455,7 +482,7 @@ The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
 	  `---------'
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '\--full-history':
+Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`:
 +
 --
 * `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the
@@ -463,16 +490,19 @@ Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '\--full-history':
 +
 * `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed.  `P` was then
   removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.
++
+* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it
+  was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one
+  parent and is TREESAME.
 --
 
 Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available:
 
 --ancestry-path::
-
 	Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry
-	chain between the "from" and "to" commits in the given commit
-	range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the "to"
-	commit, and descendants of the "from" commit.
+	chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit
+	range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to''
+	commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit.
 +
 As an example use case, consider the following commit history:
 +
@@ -487,14 +517,14 @@ As an example use case, consider the following commit history:
 A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`,
 but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see
 what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense
-that "what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`". The result in this
+that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this
 example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself,
 of course).
 +
 When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the
 bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view
 only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e.
-excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the '\--ancestry-path'
+excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path`
 option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in:
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -505,7 +535,7 @@ option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in:
 				L--M
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The '\--simplify-by-decoration' option allows you to view only the
+The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the
 big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits
 that are not referenced by tags.  Commits are marked as !TREESAME
 (in other words, kept after history simplification rules described
@@ -518,50 +548,47 @@ Bisection Helpers
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --bisect::
-
-Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
-included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
-`refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it
-exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are
-added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
-are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if
-
+	Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
+	included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
+	`refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it
+	exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are
+	added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
+	are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if
++
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	$ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
++
 outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
-
++
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	$ git rev-list foo ^midpoint
 	$ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
++
 would be of roughly the same length.  Finding the change which
 introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
 generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
-one.
+one. Cannot be combined with --first-parent.
 
 --bisect-vars::
-
-This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in
-`refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs
-text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
-name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
-expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested
-to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if
-`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected
-number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to
-`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
-`bisect_all`.
+	This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in
+	`refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs
+	text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
+	name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
+	expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested
+	to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if
+	`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected
+	number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to
+	`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
+	`bisect_all`.
 
 --bisect-all::
-
-This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
-commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
-commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest
-from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
-`--bisect`.)
+	This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
+	commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
+	commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest
+	from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
+	`--bisect`.)
 +
 This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to
 test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they
@@ -578,54 +605,87 @@ Commit Ordering
 
 By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
 
---topo-order::
+--date-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
+	otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order.
 
-	This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
-	descendant commits are shown before their parents).
+--author-date-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
+	otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order.
 
---date-order::
+--topo-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and
+	avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history
+	intermixed.
++
+For example, in a commit history like this:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-	This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
-	parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
-	are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
+    ---1----2----4----7
+	\	       \
+	 3----5----6----8---
 
---reverse::
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git
+rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the
+timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.
++
+With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5
+3 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to
+avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed
+together.
 
+--reverse::
 	Output the commits in reverse order.
-	Cannot be combined with '\--walk-reflogs'.
+	Cannot be combined with `--walk-reflogs`.
 
 Object Traversal
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
+These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.
 
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --objects::
-
 	Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
-	commits.  '--objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
+	commits.  `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me
 	all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
-	object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
+	object _bar_ but not _foo_''.
 
 --objects-edge::
-
-	Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
-	commits prefixed with a "-" character.  This is used by
-	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
+	Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded
+	commits prefixed with a ``-'' character.  This is used by
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build a ``thin'' pack, which records
 	objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
 	excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
 
---unpacked::
+--objects-edge-aggressive::
+	Similar to `--objects-edge`, but it tries harder to find excluded
+	commits at the cost of increased time.  This is used instead of
+	`--objects-edge` to build ``thin'' packs for shallow repositories.
 
-	Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
-	in packs.
+--indexed-objects::
+	Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed
+	on the command line.  Note that you probably want to use
+	`--objects`, too.
 
---no-walk::
+--unpacked::
+	Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not
+	in packs.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
 
-	Only show the given revs, but do not traverse their ancestors.
+--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]::
+	Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors.
+	This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument
+	`unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were
+	given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument
+	was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order
+	by commit time.
+	Cannot be combined with `--graph`.
 
 --do-walk::
-
-	Overrides a previous --no-walk.
+	Overrides a previous `--no-walk`.
 
 Commit Formatting
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -639,46 +699,64 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 include::pretty-options.txt[]
 
 --relative-date::
-
 	Synonym for `--date=relative`.
 
---date=(relative|local|default|iso|rfc|short|raw)::
-
+--date=<format>::
 	Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
-	as when using "--pretty". `log.date` config variable sets a default
-	value for log command's --date option.
+	as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default
+	value for the log command's `--date` option. By default, dates
+	are shown in the original time zone (either committer's or
+	author's). If `-local` is appended to the format (e.g.,
+	`iso-local`), the user's local time zone is used instead.
 +
 `--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time,
-e.g. "2 hours ago".
+e.g. ``2 hours ago''. The `-local` option cannot be used with
+`--raw` or `--relative`.
 +
-`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local timezone.
+`--date=local` is an alias for `--date=default-local`.
 +
-`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in ISO 8601 format.
+`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format.
+The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are:
+
+	- a space instead of the `T` date/time delimiter
+	- a space between time and time zone
+	- no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone
+
++
+`--date=iso-strict` (or `--date=iso8601-strict`) shows timestamps in strict
+ISO 8601 format.
 +
 `--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
-format, often found in E-mail messages.
+format, often found in email messages.
++
+`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
 +
-`--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
+`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format.
 +
-`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format.
+`--date=format:...` feeds the format `...` to your system `strftime`.
+Use `--date=format:%c` to show the date in your system locale's
+preferred format.  See the `strftime` manual for a complete list of
+format placeholders. When using `-local`, the correct syntax is
+`--date=format-local:...`.
 +
-`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
-(either committer's or author's).
+`--date=default` is the default format, and is similar to
+`--date=rfc2822`, with a few exceptions:
+
+	- there is no comma after the day-of-week
+
+	- the time zone is omitted when the local time zone is used
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --header::
-
 	Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
 	separated with a NUL character.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --parents::
-
 	Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent...").
 	Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 
 --children::
-
 	Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child...").
 	Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 
@@ -688,7 +766,6 @@ ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --left-right::
-
 	Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
 	Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
 	the right with `>`.  If combined with `--boundary`, those
@@ -718,39 +795,44 @@ you would get an output like this:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 --graph::
-
 	Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
 	on the left hand side of the output.  This may cause extra lines
 	to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
 	to be drawn properly.
+	Cannot be combined with `--no-walk`.
 +
 This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 +
-This implies the '--topo-order' option by default, but the
-'--date-order' option may also be specified.
+This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the
+`--date-order` option may also be specified.
+
+--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]::
+	When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened
+	which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits
+	do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier
+	in between them in that case. If `<barrier>` is specified, it
+	is the string that will be shown instead of the default one.
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --count::
 	Print a number stating how many commits would have been
 	listed, and suppress all other output.  When used together
-	with '--left-right', instead print the counts for left and
+	with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and
 	right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with
-	'--cherry-mark', omit patch equivalent commits from these
+	`--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these
 	counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated
 	by a tab.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
-
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 Diff Formatting
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
+Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output.
 Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
 options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
 
 -c::
-
 	With this option, diff output for a merge commit
 	shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
 	simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
@@ -758,29 +840,22 @@ options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
 	which were modified from all parents.
 
 --cc::
-
-	This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
+	This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the
 	patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
 	the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
 	one of them without modification.
 
 -m::
-
 	This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like
 	regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry
 	and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against
-	the first parent is shown when '--first-parent' option is given;
+	the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given;
 	in that case, the output represents the changes the merge
 	brought _into_ the then-current branch.
 
 -r::
-
 	Show recursive diffs.
 
 -t::
-
-	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
-
--s::
-	Suppress diff output.
+	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
index b290b617d4..19314e3b7f 100644
--- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ SPECIFYING REVISIONS
 --------------------
 
 A revision parameter '<rev>' typically, but not necessarily, names a
-commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA1'
+commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA-1'
 syntax.  Here are various ways to spell object names.  The
 ones listed near the end of this list name trees and
 blobs contained in a commit.
 
 '<sha1>', e.g. 'dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735', 'dae86e'::
-  The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
+  The full SHA-1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
   a leading substring that is unique within the repository.
   E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
   name the same commit object if there is no other object in
@@ -23,23 +23,23 @@ blobs contained in a commit.
   A symbolic ref name.  E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
   object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'.  If you
   happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can
-  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
-  When ambiguous, a '<name>' is disambiguated by taking the
+  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell Git which one you mean.
+  When ambiguous, a '<refname>' is disambiguated by taking the
   first match in the following rules:
 
-  . If '$GIT_DIR/<name>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
+  . If '$GIT_DIR/<refname>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
     useful only for 'HEAD', 'FETCH_HEAD', 'ORIG_HEAD', 'MERGE_HEAD'
     and 'CHERRY_PICK_HEAD');
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/<refname>' if it exists;
 
   . otherwise, 'refs/tags/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD' if it exists.
+  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>/HEAD' if it exists.
 +
 'HEAD' names the commit on which you based the changes in the working tree.
 'FETCH_HEAD' records the branch which you fetched from a remote repository
@@ -55,12 +55,17 @@ when you run `git cherry-pick`.
 +
 Note that any of the 'refs/*' cases above may come either from
 the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
+While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is preferred as
+some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8.
 
-'<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}'::
+'@'::
+  '@' alone is a shortcut for 'HEAD'.
+
+'<refname>@{<date>}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@{5 minutes ago}'::
   A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
   enclosed in a brace
-  pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
-  second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') specifies the value
+  pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
+  second ago}' or '{1979-02-26 18:30:00}') specifies the value
   of the ref at a prior point in time.  This suffix may only be
   used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
   existing log ('$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>'). Note that this looks up the state
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
   'master' branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during
   certain times, see '--since' and '--until'.
 
-'<refname>@\{<n>\}', e.g. 'master@\{1\}'::
+'<refname>@{<n>}', e.g. 'master@\{1\}'::
   A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
   enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') specifies
   the n-th prior value of that ref.  For example 'master@\{1\}'
@@ -77,19 +82,46 @@ the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
   immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
   log ('$GIT_DIR/logs/<refname>').
 
-'@\{<n>\}', e.g. '@\{1\}'::
+'@{<n>}', e.g. '@\{1\}'::
   You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
   reflog entry of the current branch. For example, if you are on
   branch 'blabla' then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
 
-'@\{-<n>\}', e.g. '@\{-1\}'::
-  The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
+'@{-<n>}', e.g. '@{-1}'::
+  The construct '@{-<n>}' means the <n>th branch/commit checked out
   before the current one.
 
-'<refname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
-  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form '<refname>@\{u\}') refers to
-  the branch the ref is set to build on top of.  A missing ref defaults
-  to the current branch.
+'<branchname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
+  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a branchname (short form '<branchname>@\{u\}')
+  refers to the branch that the branch specified by branchname is set to build on
+  top of (configured with `branch.<name>.remote` and
+  `branch.<name>.merge`).  A missing branchname defaults to the
+  current one.
+
+'<branchname>@\{push\}', e.g. 'master@\{push\}', '@\{push\}'::
+  The suffix '@\{push}' reports the branch "where we would push to" if
+  `git push` were run while `branchname` was checked out (or the current
+  'HEAD' if no branchname is specified). Since our push destination is
+  in a remote repository, of course, we report the local tracking branch
+  that corresponds to that branch (i.e., something in 'refs/remotes/').
++
+Here's an example to make it more clear:
++
+------------------------------
+$ git config push.default current
+$ git config remote.pushdefault myfork
+$ git checkout -b mybranch origin/master
+
+$ git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name @{upstream}
+refs/remotes/origin/master
+
+$ git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name @{push}
+refs/remotes/myfork/mybranch
+------------------------------
++
+Note in the example that we set up a triangular workflow, where we pull
+from one location and push to another. In a non-triangular workflow,
+'@\{push}' is the same as '@\{upstream}', and there is no need for it.
 
 '<rev>{caret}', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}, v1.5.1{caret}0'::
   A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
@@ -101,27 +133,39 @@ the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
 
 '<rev>{tilde}<n>', e.g. 'master{tilde}3'::
   A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
-  object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
+  object that is the <n>th generation ancestor of the named
   commit object, following only the first parents.  I.e. '<rev>{tilde}3' is
   equivalent to '<rev>{caret}{caret}{caret}' which is equivalent to
   '<rev>{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1'.  See below for an illustration of
   the usage of this form.
 
-'<rev>{caret}\{<type>\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}'::
+'<rev>{caret}{<type>}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
-  brace pair means the object
-  could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
-  object of that type is found or the object cannot be
-  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).  '<rev>{caret}0'
+  brace pair means dereference the object at '<rev>' recursively until
+  an object of type '<type>' is found or the object cannot be
+  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).
+  For example, if '<rev>' is a commit-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'
+  describes the corresponding commit object.
+  Similarly, if '<rev>' is a tree-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{tree\}'
+  describes the corresponding tree object.
+  '<rev>{caret}0'
   is a short-hand for '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'.
++
+'rev{caret}\{object\}' can be used to make sure 'rev' names an
+object that exists, without requiring 'rev' to be a tag, and
+without dereferencing 'rev'; because a tag is already an object,
+it does not have to be dereferenced even once to get to an object.
++
+'rev{caret}\{tag\}' can be used to ensure that 'rev' identifies an
+existing tag object.
 
-'<rev>{caret}\{\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{\}'::
+'<rev>{caret}{}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}{}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
   means the object could be a tag,
   and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
   found.
 
-'<rev>{caret}\{/<text>\}', e.g. 'HEAD^{/fix nasty bug}'::
+'<rev>{caret}{/<text>}', e.g. 'HEAD^{/fix nasty bug}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter, followed by a brace
   pair that contains a text led by a slash,
   is the same as the ':/fix nasty bug' syntax below except that
@@ -132,11 +176,12 @@ the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
   A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text, names
   a commit whose commit message matches the specified regular expression.
   This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
-  reachable from any ref.  If the commit message starts with a
-  '!' you have to repeat that;  the special sequence ':/!',
-  followed by something else than '!', is reserved for now.
-  The regular expression can match any part of the commit message. To
-  match messages starting with a string, one can use e.g. ':/^foo'.
+  reachable from any ref. The regular expression can match any part of the
+  commit message. To match messages starting with a string, one can use
+  e.g. ':/^foo'. The special sequence ':/!' is reserved for modifiers to what
+  is matched. ':/!-foo' performs a negative match, while ':/!!foo' matches a
+  literal '!' character, followed by 'foo'. Any other sequence beginning with
+  ':/!' is reserved for now.
 
 '<rev>:<path>', e.g. 'HEAD:README', ':README', 'master:./README'::
   A suffix ':' followed by a path names the blob or tree
@@ -213,18 +258,58 @@ of 'r1' and 'r2' and is defined as
 It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
 'r1' or 'r2' but not from both.
 
+In these two shorthands, you can omit one end and let it default to HEAD.
+For example, 'origin..' is a shorthand for 'origin..HEAD' and asks "What
+did I do since I forked from the origin branch?"  Similarly, '..origin'
+is a shorthand for 'HEAD..origin' and asks "What did the origin do since
+I forked from them?"  Note that '..' would mean 'HEAD..HEAD' which is an
+empty range that is both reachable and unreachable from HEAD.
+
 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
 and its parent commits exist.  The 'r1{caret}@' notation means all
 parents of 'r1'.  'r1{caret}!' includes commit 'r1' but excludes
 all of its parents.
 
+To summarize:
+
+'<rev>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of)
+	<rev>.
+
+'{caret}<rev>'::
+	Exclude commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of)
+	<rev>.
+
+'<rev1>..<rev2>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from <rev2> but exclude
+	those that are reachable from <rev1>.  When either <rev1> or
+	<rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
+
+'<rev1>\...<rev2>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from either <rev1> or
+	<rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both.  When
+	either <rev1> or <rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
+
+'<rev>{caret}@', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}@'::
+  A suffix '{caret}' followed by an at sign is the same as listing
+  all parents of '<rev>' (meaning, include anything reachable from
+  its parents, but not the commit itself).
+
+'<rev>{caret}!', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}!'::
+  A suffix '{caret}' followed by an exclamation mark is the same
+  as giving commit '<rev>' and then all its parents prefixed with
+  '{caret}' to exclude them (and their ancestors).
+
 Here are a handful of examples:
 
    D                G H D
    D F              G H I J D F
    ^G D             H D
    ^D B             E I J F B
+   B..C             C
    B...C            G H D E B C
    ^D B C           E I J F B C
+   C                I J F C
    C^@              I J F
+   C^!              C
    F^! D            G H D F
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
index 43dbe09f73..5a59b54844 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ Dynamically growing an array using realloc() is error prone and boring.
 
 Define your array with:
 
-* a pointer (`ary`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`;
+* a pointer (`item`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`
+  (although please name the variable based on its contents, not on its
+  type);
 
 * an integer variable (`alloc`) that keeps track of how big the current
   allocation is, initialized to `0`;
@@ -13,22 +15,25 @@ Define your array with:
 * another integer variable (`nr`) to keep track of how many elements the
   array currently has, initialized to `0`.
 
-Then before adding `n`th element to the array, call `ALLOC_GROW(ary, n,
+Then before adding `n`th element to the item, call `ALLOC_GROW(item, n,
 alloc)`.  This ensures that the array can hold at least `n` elements by
 calling `realloc(3)` and adjusting `alloc` variable.
 
 ------------
-sometype *ary;
+sometype *item;
 size_t nr;
 size_t alloc
 
 for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	if (we like ary[i] already)
+	if (we like item[i] already)
 		return;
 
 /* we did not like any existing one, so add one */
-ALLOC_GROW(ary, nr + 1, alloc);
-ary[nr++] = value you like;
+ALLOC_GROW(item, nr + 1, alloc);
+item[nr++] = value you like;
 ------------
 
 You are responsible for updating the `nr` variable.
+
+If you need to specify the number of elements to allocate explicitly
+then use the macro `REALLOC_ARRAY(item, alloc)` instead of `ALLOC_GROW`.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
index 49b3d52952..cfc063018c 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
@@ -37,10 +37,29 @@ Functions
 `argv_array_push`::
 	Push a copy of a string onto the end of the array.
 
+`argv_array_pushl`::
+	Push a list of strings onto the end of the array. The arguments
+	should be a list of `const char *` strings, terminated by a NULL
+	argument.
+
 `argv_array_pushf`::
 	Format a string and push it onto the end of the array. This is a
 	convenience wrapper combining `strbuf_addf` and `argv_array_push`.
 
+`argv_array_pushv`::
+	Push a null-terminated array of strings onto the end of the array.
+
+`argv_array_pop`::
+	Remove the final element from the array. If there are no
+	elements in the array, do nothing.
+
 `argv_array_clear`::
 	Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
 	initial, empty state.
+
+`argv_array_detach`::
+	Disconnect the `argv` member from the `argv_array` struct and
+	return it. The caller is responsible for freeing the memory used
+	by the array, and by the strings it references. After detaching,
+	the `argv_array` is in a reinitialized state and can be pushed
+	into again.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
index b0cafe87be..22a39b9299 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Adding a new built-in
 ---------------------
 
 There are 4 things to do to add a built-in command implementation to
-git:
+Git:
 
 . Define the implementation of the built-in command `foo` with
   signature:
@@ -14,19 +14,22 @@ git:
 
 . Add the external declaration for the function to `builtin.h`.
 
-. Add the command to `commands[]` table in `handle_internal_command()`,
-  defined in `git.c`.  The entry should look like:
+. Add the command to the `commands[]` table defined in `git.c`.
+  The entry should look like:
 
 	{ "foo", cmd_foo, <options> },
 +
 where options is the bitwise-or of:
 
 `RUN_SETUP`::
+	If there is not a Git directory to work on, abort.  If there
+	is a work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was
+	invoked in a subdirectory.  If there is no work tree, no
+	chdir() is done.
 
-	Make sure there is a git directory to work on, and if there is a
-	work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked
-	in a subdirectory.  If there is no work tree, no chdir() is
-	done.
+`RUN_SETUP_GENTLY`::
+	If there is a Git directory, chdir as per RUN_SETUP, otherwise,
+	don't chdir anywhere.
 
 `USE_PAGER`::
 
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ where options is the bitwise-or of:
 	on bare repositories.
 	This only makes sense when `RUN_SETUP` is also set.
 
-. Add `builtin-foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
+. Add `builtin/foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
 
 Additionally, if `foo` is a new command, there are 3 more things to do:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20741f345e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+config API
+==========
+
+The config API gives callers a way to access Git configuration files
+(and files which have the same syntax). See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
+discussion of the config file syntax.
+
+General Usage
+-------------
+
+Config files are parsed linearly, and each variable found is passed to a
+caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible
+for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore
+some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed
+several times during the run of a Git program, with different callbacks
+picking out different variables useful to themselves.
+
+A config callback function takes three parameters:
+
+- the name of the parsed variable. This is in canonical "flat" form: the
+  section, subsection, and variable segments will be separated by dots,
+  and the section and variable segments will be all lowercase. E.g.,
+  `core.ignorecase`, `diff.SomeType.textconv`.
+
+- the value of the found variable, as a string. If the variable had no
+  value specified, the value will be NULL (typically this means it
+  should be interpreted as boolean true).
+
+- a void pointer passed in by the caller of the config API; this can
+  contain callback-specific data
+
+A config callback should return 0 for success, or -1 if the variable
+could not be parsed properly.
+
+Basic Config Querying
+---------------------
+
+Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files
+that Git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
+call `git_config` with a callback function and void data pointer.
+
+`git_config` will read all config sources in order of increasing
+priority. Thus a callback should typically overwrite previously-seen
+entries with new ones (e.g., if both the user-wide `~/.gitconfig` and
+repo-specific `.git/config` contain `color.ui`, the config machinery
+will first feed the user-wide one to the callback, and then the
+repo-specific one; by overwriting, the higher-priority repo-specific
+value is left at the end).
+
+The `git_config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config
+while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should
+almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up
+configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like
+`git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup
+process. It takes two extra parameters:
+
+`filename`::
+If this parameter is non-NULL, it specifies the name of a file to
+parse for configuration, rather than looking in the usual files. Regular
+`git_config` defaults to `NULL`.
+
+`respect_includes`::
+Specify whether include directives should be followed in parsed files.
+Regular `git_config` defaults to `1`.
+
+Reading Specific Files
+----------------------
+
+To read a specific file in git-config format, use
+`git_config_from_file`. This takes the same callback and data parameters
+as `git_config`.
+
+Querying For Specific Variables
+-------------------------------
+
+For programs wanting to query for specific variables in a non-callback
+manner, the config API provides two functions `git_config_get_value`
+and `git_config_get_value_multi`. They both read values from an internal
+cache generated previously from reading the config files.
+
+`int git_config_get_value(const char *key, const char **value)`::
+
+	Finds the highest-priority value for the configuration variable `key`,
+	stores the pointer to it in `value` and returns 0. When the
+	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without touching
+	`value`. The caller should not free or modify `value`, as it is owned
+	by the cache.
+
+`const struct string_list *git_config_get_value_multi(const char *key)`::
+
+	Finds and returns the value list, sorted in order of increasing priority
+	for the configuration variable `key`. When the configuration variable
+	`key` is not found, returns NULL. The caller should not free or modify
+	the returned pointer, as it is owned by the cache.
+
+`void git_config_clear(void)`::
+
+	Resets and invalidates the config cache.
+
+The config API also provides type specific API functions which do conversion
+as well as retrieval for the queried variable, including:
+
+`int git_config_get_int(const char *key, int *dest)`::
+
+	Finds and parses the value to an integer for the configuration variable
+	`key`. Dies on error; otherwise, stores the value of the parsed integer in
+	`dest` and returns 0. When the configuration variable `key` is not found,
+	returns 1 without touching `dest`.
+
+`int git_config_get_ulong(const char *key, unsigned long *dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_int` but for unsigned longs.
+
+`int git_config_get_bool(const char *key, int *dest)`::
+
+	Finds and parses the value into a boolean value, for the configuration
+	variable `key` respecting keywords like "true" and "false". Integer
+	values are converted into true/false values (when they are non-zero or
+	zero, respectively). Other values cause a die(). If parsing is successful,
+	stores the value of the parsed result in `dest` and returns 0. When the
+	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without touching
+	`dest`.
+
+`int git_config_get_bool_or_int(const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_bool`, except that integers are copied as-is,
+	and `is_bool` flag is unset.
+
+`int git_config_get_maybe_bool(const char *key, int *dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_bool`, except that it returns -1 on error
+	rather than dying.
+
+`int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest)`::
+
+	Allocates and copies the retrieved string into the `dest` parameter for
+	the configuration variable `key`; if NULL string is given, prints an
+	error message and returns -1. When the configuration variable `key` is
+	not found, returns 1 without touching `dest`.
+
+`int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_string_const`, except that retrieved value
+	copied into the `dest` parameter is a mutable string.
+
+`int git_config_get_pathname(const char *key, const char **dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_string`, but expands `~` or `~user` into
+	the user's home directory when found at the beginning of the path.
+
+`git_die_config(const char *key, const char *err, ...)`::
+
+	First prints the error message specified by the caller in `err` and then
+	dies printing the line number and the file name of the highest priority
+	value for the configuration variable `key`.
+
+`void git_die_config_linenr(const char *key, const char *filename, int linenr)`::
+
+	Helper function which formats the die error message according to the
+	parameters entered. Used by `git_die_config()`. It can be used by callers
+	handling `git_config_get_value_multi()` to print the correct error message
+	for the desired value.
+
+See test-config.c for usage examples.
+
+Value Parsing Helpers
+---------------------
+
+To aid in parsing string values, the config API provides callbacks with
+a number of helper functions, including:
+
+`git_config_int`::
+Parse the string to an integer, including unit factors. Dies on error;
+otherwise, returns the parsed result.
+
+`git_config_ulong`::
+Identical to `git_config_int`, but for unsigned longs.
+
+`git_config_bool`::
+Parse a string into a boolean value, respecting keywords like "true" and
+"false". Integer values are converted into true/false values (when they
+are non-zero or zero, respectively). Other values cause a die(). If
+parsing is successful, the return value is the result.
+
+`git_config_bool_or_int`::
+Same as `git_config_bool`, except that integers are returned as-is, and
+an `is_bool` flag is unset.
+
+`git_config_maybe_bool`::
+Same as `git_config_bool`, except that it returns -1 on error rather
+than dying.
+
+`git_config_string`::
+Allocates and copies the value string into the `dest` parameter; if no
+string is given, prints an error message and returns -1.
+
+`git_config_pathname`::
+Similar to `git_config_string`, but expands `~` or `~user` into the
+user's home directory when found at the beginning of the path.
+
+Include Directives
+------------------
+
+By default, the config parser does not respect include directives.
+However, a caller can use the special `git_config_include` wrapper
+callback to support them. To do so, you simply wrap your "real" callback
+function and data pointer in a `struct config_include_data`, and pass
+the wrapper to the regular config-reading functions. For example:
+
+-------------------------------------------
+int read_file_with_include(const char *file, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	struct config_include_data inc = CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT;
+	inc.fn = fn;
+	inc.data = data;
+	return git_config_from_file(git_config_include, file, &inc);
+}
+-------------------------------------------
+
+`git_config` respects includes automatically. The lower-level
+`git_config_from_file` does not.
+
+Custom Configsets
+-----------------
+
+A `config_set` can be used to construct an in-memory cache for
+config-like files that the caller specifies (i.e., files like `.gitmodules`,
+`~/.gitconfig` etc.). For example,
+
+---------------------------------------
+struct config_set gm_config;
+git_configset_init(&gm_config);
+int b;
+/* we add config files to the config_set */
+git_configset_add_file(&gm_config, ".gitmodules");
+git_configset_add_file(&gm_config, ".gitmodules_alt");
+
+if (!git_configset_get_bool(gm_config, "submodule.frotz.ignore", &b)) {
+	/* hack hack hack */
+}
+
+/* when we are done with the configset */
+git_configset_clear(&gm_config);
+----------------------------------------
+
+Configset API provides functions for the above mentioned work flow, including:
+
+`void git_configset_init(struct config_set *cs)`::
+
+	Initializes the config_set `cs`.
+
+`int git_configset_add_file(struct config_set *cs, const char *filename)`::
+
+	Parses the file and adds the variable-value pairs to the `config_set`,
+	dies if there is an error in parsing the file. Returns 0 on success, or
+	-1 if the file does not exist or is inaccessible. The user has to decide
+	if he wants to free the incomplete configset or continue using it when
+	the function returns -1.
+
+`int git_configset_get_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **value)`::
+
+	Finds the highest-priority value for the configuration variable `key`
+	and config set `cs`, stores the pointer to it in `value` and returns 0.
+	When the configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without
+	touching `value`. The caller should not free or modify `value`, as it
+	is owned by the cache.
+
+`const struct string_list *git_configset_get_value_multi(struct config_set *cs, const char *key)`::
+
+	Finds and returns the value list, sorted in order of increasing priority
+	for the configuration variable `key` and config set `cs`. When the
+	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns NULL. The caller
+	should not free or modify the returned pointer, as it is owned by the cache.
+
+`void git_configset_clear(struct config_set *cs)`::
+
+	Clears `config_set` structure, removes all saved variable-value pairs.
+
+In addition to above functions, the `config_set` API provides type specific
+functions in the vein of `git_config_get_int` and family but with an extra
+parameter, pointer to struct `config_set`.
+They all behave similarly to the `git_config_get*()` family described in
+"Querying For Specific Variables" above.
+
+Writing Config Files
+--------------------
+
+Git gives multiple entry points in the Config API to write config values to
+files namely `git_config_set_in_file` and `git_config_set`, which write to
+a specific config file or to `.git/config` respectively. They both take a
+key/value pair as parameter.
+In the end they both call `git_config_set_multivar_in_file` which takes four
+parameters:
+
+- the name of the file, as a string, to which key/value pairs will be written.
+
+- the name of key, as a string. This is in canonical "flat" form: the section,
+  subsection, and variable segments will be separated by dots, and the section
+  and variable segments will be all lowercase.
+  E.g., `core.ignorecase`, `diff.SomeType.textconv`.
+
+- the value of the variable, as a string. If value is equal to NULL, it will
+  remove the matching key from the config file.
+
+- the value regex, as a string. It will disregard key/value pairs where value
+  does not match.
+
+- a multi_replace value, as an int. If value is equal to zero, nothing or only
+  one matching key/value is replaced, else all matching key/values (regardless
+  how many) are removed, before the new pair is written.
+
+It returns 0 on success.
+
+Also, there are functions `git_config_rename_section` and
+`git_config_rename_section_in_file` with parameters `old_name` and `new_name`
+for renaming or removing sections in the config files. If NULL is passed
+through `new_name` parameter, the section will be removed from the config file.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
index 21ca6a2553..75368f26ca 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
@@ -6,8 +6,52 @@ password credentials from the user (even though credentials in the wider
 world can take many forms, in this document the word "credential" always
 refers to a username and password pair).
 
+This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential
+subsystem provides to the rest of Git, and the protocol that Git uses to
+communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are
+writing Git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
+the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see
+the section on "Credential Helpers" below.
+
+Typical setup
+-------------
+
+------------
++-----------------------+
+| Git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
+|                       |        authentication
+|.......................|
+| C credential API      |--- prompt ---> User
++-----------------------+
+	^      |
+	| pipe |
+	|      v
++-----------------------+
+| Git credential helper |
++-----------------------+
+------------
+
+The Git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
+credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The
+API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or
+"git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a
+store. If the credential helper cannot find the information, the C API
+will prompt the user. Then, the caller of the API takes care of
+contacting the server, and does the actual authentication.
+
+C API
+-----
+
+The credential C API is meant to be called by Git code which needs to
+acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object
+representing a single credential and provides three basic operations:
+fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user),
+approve (mark a credential as successfully used so that it can be stored
+for later use), and reject (mark a credential as unsuccessful so that it
+can be erased from any persistent storage).
+
 Data Structures
----------------
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 `struct credential`::
 
@@ -21,14 +65,17 @@ Data Structures
 The `helpers` member of the struct is a `string_list` of helpers.  Each
 string specifies an external helper which will be run, in order, to
 either acquire or store credentials. See the section on credential
-helpers below.
+helpers below. This list is filled-in by the API functions
+according to the corresponding configuration variables before
+consulting helpers, so there usually is no need for a caller to
+modify the helpers field at all.
 +
 This struct should always be initialized with `CREDENTIAL_INIT` or
 `credential_init`.
 
 
 Functions
----------
+~~~~~~~~~
 
 `credential_init`::
 
@@ -72,7 +119,7 @@ Functions
 	Parse a URL into broken-down credential fields.
 
 Example
--------
+~~~~~~~
 
 The example below shows how the functions of the credential API could be
 used to login to a fictitious "foo" service on a remote host:
@@ -113,7 +160,7 @@ int foo_login(struct foo_connection *f)
 		break;
 	default:
 		/*
-		 * Some other error occured. We don't know if the
+		 * Some other error occurred. We don't know if the
 		 * credential is good or bad, so report nothing to the
 		 * credential subsystem.
 		 */
@@ -130,13 +177,15 @@ int foo_login(struct foo_connection *f)
 Credential Helpers
 ------------------
 
-Credential helpers are programs executed by git to fetch or save
+Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save
 credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply
-longer than a single git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
+longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
 in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).
 
-Each helper is specified by a single string. The string is transformed
-by git into a command to be executed using these rules:
+Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration
+variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using
+these rules:
 
   1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell
      snippet, and everything after the "!" becomes the command.
@@ -192,47 +241,17 @@ appended to its command line, which is one of:
 	Remove a matching credential, if any, from the helper's storage.
 
 The details of the credential will be provided on the helper's stdin
-stream. The credential is split into a set of named attributes.
-Attributes are provided to the helper, one per line. Each attribute is
-specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign,
-followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`,
-newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
-In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
-and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
-attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
-
-Git will send the following attributes (but may not send all of
-them for a given credential; for example, a `host` attribute makes no
-sense when dealing with a non-network protocol):
-
-`protocol`::
-
-	The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
-	`https`).
-
-`host`::
-
-	The remote hostname for a network credential.
-
-`path`::
-
-	The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
-	accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
-	repository's path on the server.
-
-`username`::
-
-	The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
-	URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper).
-
-`password`::
-
-	The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored.
+stream. The exact format is the same as the input/output format of the
+`git credential` plumbing command (see the section `INPUT/OUTPUT
+FORMAT` in linkgit:git-credential[1] for a detailed specification).
 
 For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes
 on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or
 even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided
-attributes will overwrite those already known about by git.
+attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git.  If a helper
+outputs a `quit` attribute with a value of `true` or `1`, no further
+helpers will be consulted, nor will the user be prompted (if no
+credential has been provided, the operation will then fail).
 
 For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored.
 If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
@@ -243,3 +262,10 @@ request.
 If a helper receives any other operation, it should silently ignore the
 request. This leaves room for future operations to be added (older
 helpers will just ignore the new requests).
+
+See also
+--------
+
+linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+
+linkgit:git-config[1] (See configuration variables `credential.*`)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
index 2d2ebc04b7..8b001de0db 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ Calling sequence
 
 * Call `diff_setup_done()`; this inspects the options set up so far for
   internal consistency and make necessary tweaking to it (e.g. if
-  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on).
+  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on);
+  the callback set_default in diff_options can be used to tweak this more.
 
 * As you find different pairs of files, call `diff_change()` to feed
   modified files, `diff_addremove()` to feed created or deleted files,
@@ -115,6 +116,13 @@ Notable members are:
 	operation, but some do not have anything to do with the diffcore
 	library.
 
+`touched_flags`::
+	Records whether a flag has been changed due to user request
+	(rather than just set/unset by default).
+
+`set_default`::
+	Callback which allows tweaking the options in diff_setup_done().
+
 BINARY, TEXT;;
 	Affects the way how a file that is seemingly binary is treated.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
index add6f435b5..7f8e78d916 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
@@ -9,37 +9,51 @@ Data structure
 --------------
 
 `struct dir_struct` structure is used to pass directory traversal
-options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  The notable
-options are:
+options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  A single
+`struct dir_struct` is used regardless of whether or not the traversal
+recursively descends into subdirectories.
+
+The notable options are:
 
 `exclude_per_dir`::
 
 	The name of the file to be read in each directory for excluded
 	files (typically `.gitignore`).
 
-`collect_ignored`::
+`flags`::
+
+	A bit-field of options (the `*IGNORED*` flags are mutually exclusive):
+
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`:::
+
+	Return just ignored files in `entries[]`, not untracked files.
+
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`:::
 
-	Include paths that are to be excluded in the result.
+	Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in `ignored[]`
+	in addition to untracked files in `entries[]`.
 
-`show_ignored`::
+`DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED`:::
 
-	The traversal is for finding just ignored files, not unignored
-	files.
+	Special mode for git-add. Return ignored files in `ignored[]` and
+	untracked files in `entries[]`. Only returns ignored files that match
+	pathspec exactly (no wildcards). Does not recurse into ignored
+	directories.
 
-`show_other_directories`::
+`DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Include a directory that is not tracked.
 
-`hide_empty_directories`::
+`DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Do not include a directory that is not tracked and is empty.
 
-`no_gitlinks`::
+`DIR_NO_GITLINKS`:::
 
-	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a git
+	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a Git
 	directory.  Otherwise it is shown as a directory.
 
-The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
+The result of the enumeration is left in these fields:
 
 `entries[]`::
 
@@ -54,6 +68,14 @@ The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
 
 	Internal use; keeps track of allocation of `entries[]` array.
 
+`ignored[]`::
+
+	An array of `struct dir_entry`, used for ignored paths with the
+	`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` and `DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED` flags.
+
+`ignored_nr`::
+
+	The number of members in `ignored[]` array.
 
 Calling sequence
 ----------------
@@ -64,11 +86,13 @@ marked. If you to exclude files, make sure you have loaded index first.
 * Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` and clear it with `memset(&dir, 0,
   sizeof(dir))`.
 
-* Call `add_exclude()` to add single exclude pattern,
-  `add_excludes_from_file()` to add patterns from a file
-  (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
-  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set up
-  the standard set of exclude settings.
+* To add single exclude pattern, call `add_exclude_list()` and then
+  `add_exclude()`.
+
+* To add patterns from a file (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), call
+  `add_excludes_from_file()` , and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
+  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set
+  up the standard set of exclude settings.
 
 * Set options described in the Data Structure section above.
 
@@ -76,4 +100,6 @@ marked. If you to exclude files, make sure you have loaded index first.
 
 * Use `dir.entries[]`.
 
+* Call `clear_directory()` when none of the contained elements are no longer in use.
+
 (JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-error-handling.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-error-handling.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ceeedd485c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-error-handling.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+Error reporting in git
+======================
+
+`die`, `usage`, `error`, and `warning` report errors of various
+kinds.
+
+- `die` is for fatal application errors.  It prints a message to
+  the user and exits with status 128.
+
+- `usage` is for errors in command line usage.  After printing its
+  message, it exits with status 129.  (See also `usage_with_options`
+  in the link:api-parse-options.html[parse-options API].)
+
+- `error` is for non-fatal library errors.  It prints a message
+  to the user and returns -1 for convenience in signaling the error
+  to the caller.
+
+- `warning` is for reporting situations that probably should not
+  occur but which the user (and Git) can continue to work around
+  without running into too many problems.  Like `error`, it
+  returns -1 after reporting the situation to the caller.
+
+Customizable error handlers
+---------------------------
+
+The default behavior of `die` and `error` is to write a message to
+stderr and then exit or return as appropriate.  This behavior can be
+overridden using `set_die_routine` and `set_error_routine`.  For
+example, "git daemon" uses set_die_routine to write the reason `die`
+was called to syslog before exiting.
+
+Library errors
+--------------
+
+Functions return a negative integer on error.  Details beyond that
+vary from function to function:
+
+- Some functions return -1 for all errors.  Others return a more
+  specific value depending on how the caller might want to react
+  to the error.
+
+- Some functions report the error to stderr with `error`,
+  while others leave that for the caller to do.
+
+- errno is not meaningful on return from most functions (except
+  for thin wrappers for system calls).
+
+Check the function's API documentation to be sure.
+
+Caller-handled errors
+---------------------
+
+An increasing number of functions take a parameter 'struct strbuf *err'.
+On error, such functions append a message about what went wrong to the
+'err' strbuf.  The message is meant to be complete enough to be passed
+to `die` or `error` as-is.  For example:
+
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+The 'err' parameter will be untouched if no error occurred, so multiple
+function calls can be chained:
+
+	t = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!t ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(t, "HEAD", ..., &err) ||
+	    ret_transaction_commit(t, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+The 'err' parameter must be a pointer to a valid strbuf.  To silence
+a message, pass a strbuf that is explicitly ignored:
+
+	if (thing_that_can_fail_in_an_ignorable_way(..., &err))
+		/* This failure is okay. */
+		strbuf_reset(&err);
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
index ce363b6305..2602668677 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static void setup_check(void)
 		The attribute is Unset, by listing the name of the
 		attribute prefixed with a dash - for the path.
 	} else if (ATTR_UNSET(value)) {
-		The attribute is not set nor unset for the path.
+		The attribute is neither set nor unset for the path.
 	} else if (!strcmp(value, "input")) {
 		If none of ATTR_TRUE(), ATTR_FALSE(), or ATTR_UNSET() is
 		true, the value is a string set in the gitattributes
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e5061e0677..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-hash API
-========
-
-The hash API is a collection of simple hash table functions. Users are expected
-to implement their own hashing.
-
-Data Structures
----------------
-
-`struct hash_table`::
-
-	The hash table structure. The `array` member points to the hash table
-	entries. The `size` member counts the total number of valid and invalid
-	entries in the table. The `nr` member keeps track of the number of
-	valid entries.
-
-`struct hash_table_entry`::
-
-	An opaque structure representing an entry in the hash table. The `hash`
-	member is the entry's hash key and the `ptr` member is the entry's
-	value.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-`init_hash`::
-
-	Initialize the hash table.
-
-`free_hash`::
-
-	Release memory associated with the hash table.
-
-`insert_hash`::
-
-	Insert a pointer into the hash table. If an entry with that hash
-	already exists, a pointer to the existing entry's value is returned.
-	Otherwise NULL is returned.  This allows callers to implement
-	chaining, etc.
-
-`lookup_hash`::
-
-	Lookup an entry in the hash table. If an entry with that hash exists
-	the entry's value is returned. Otherwise NULL is returned.
-
-`for_each_hash`::
-
-	Call a function for each entry in the hash table. The function is
-	expected to take the entry's value as its only argument and return an
-	int. If the function returns a negative int the loop is aborted
-	immediately.  Otherwise, the return value is accumulated and the sum
-	returned upon completion of the loop.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad7a5bddd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+hashmap API
+===========
+
+The hashmap API is a generic implementation of hash-based key-value mappings.
+
+Data Structures
+---------------
+
+`struct hashmap`::
+
+	The hash table structure. Members can be used as follows, but should
+	not be modified directly:
++
+The `size` member keeps track of the total number of entries (0 means the
+hashmap is empty).
++
+`tablesize` is the allocated size of the hash table. A non-0 value indicates
+that the hashmap is initialized. It may also be useful for statistical purposes
+(i.e. `size / tablesize` is the current load factor).
++
+`cmpfn` stores the comparison function specified in `hashmap_init()`. In
+advanced scenarios, it may be useful to change this, e.g. to switch between
+case-sensitive and case-insensitive lookup.
+
+`struct hashmap_entry`::
+
+	An opaque structure representing an entry in the hash table, which must
+	be used as first member of user data structures. Ideally it should be
+	followed by an int-sized member to prevent unused memory on 64-bit
+	systems due to alignment.
++
+The `hash` member is the entry's hash code and the `next` member points to the
+next entry in case of collisions (i.e. if multiple entries map to the same
+bucket).
+
+`struct hashmap_iter`::
+
+	An iterator structure, to be used with hashmap_iter_* functions.
+
+Types
+-----
+
+`int (*hashmap_cmp_fn)(const void *entry, const void *entry_or_key, const void *keydata)`::
+
+	User-supplied function to test two hashmap entries for equality. Shall
+	return 0 if the entries are equal.
++
+This function is always called with non-NULL `entry` / `entry_or_key`
+parameters that have the same hash code. When looking up an entry, the `key`
+and `keydata` parameters to hashmap_get and hashmap_remove are always passed
+as second and third argument, respectively. Otherwise, `keydata` is NULL.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+`unsigned int strhash(const char *buf)`::
+`unsigned int strihash(const char *buf)`::
+`unsigned int memhash(const void *buf, size_t len)`::
+`unsigned int memihash(const void *buf, size_t len)`::
+
+	Ready-to-use hash functions for strings, using the FNV-1 algorithm (see
+	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv).
++
+`strhash` and `strihash` take 0-terminated strings, while `memhash` and
+`memihash` operate on arbitrary-length memory.
++
+`strihash` and `memihash` are case insensitive versions.
+
+`unsigned int sha1hash(const unsigned char *sha1)`::
+
+	Converts a cryptographic hash (e.g. SHA-1) into an int-sized hash code
+	for use in hash tables. Cryptographic hashes are supposed to have
+	uniform distribution, so in contrast to `memhash()`, this just copies
+	the first `sizeof(int)` bytes without shuffling any bits. Note that
+	the results will be different on big-endian and little-endian
+	platforms, so they should not be stored or transferred over the net.
+
+`void hashmap_init(struct hashmap *map, hashmap_cmp_fn equals_function, size_t initial_size)`::
+
+	Initializes a hashmap structure.
++
+`map` is the hashmap to initialize.
++
+The `equals_function` can be specified to compare two entries for equality.
+If NULL, entries are considered equal if their hash codes are equal.
++
+If the total number of entries is known in advance, the `initial_size`
+parameter may be used to preallocate a sufficiently large table and thus
+prevent expensive resizing. If 0, the table is dynamically resized.
+
+`void hashmap_free(struct hashmap *map, int free_entries)`::
+
+	Frees a hashmap structure and allocated memory.
++
+`map` is the hashmap to free.
++
+If `free_entries` is true, each hashmap_entry in the map is freed as well
+(using stdlib's free()).
+
+`void hashmap_entry_init(void *entry, unsigned int hash)`::
+
+	Initializes a hashmap_entry structure.
++
+`entry` points to the entry to initialize.
++
+`hash` is the hash code of the entry.
+
+`void *hashmap_get(const struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)`::
+
+	Returns the hashmap entry for the specified key, or NULL if not found.
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`key` is a hashmap_entry structure (or user data structure that starts with
+hashmap_entry) that has at least been initialized with the proper hash code
+(via `hashmap_entry_init`).
++
+If an entry with matching hash code is found, `key` and `keydata` are passed
+to `hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key.
+
+`void *hashmap_get_from_hash(const struct hashmap *map, unsigned int hash, const void *keydata)`::
+
+	Returns the hashmap entry for the specified hash code and key data,
+	or NULL if not found.
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`hash` is the hash code of the entry to look up.
++
+If an entry with matching hash code is found, `keydata` is passed to
+`hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key. The
+`entry_or_key` parameter points to a bogus hashmap_entry structure that
+should not be used in the comparison.
+
+`void *hashmap_get_next(const struct hashmap *map, const void *entry)`::
+
+	Returns the next equal hashmap entry, or NULL if not found. This can be
+	used to iterate over duplicate entries (see `hashmap_add`).
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`entry` is the hashmap_entry to start the search from, obtained via a previous
+call to `hashmap_get` or `hashmap_get_next`.
+
+`void hashmap_add(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)`::
+
+	Adds a hashmap entry. This allows to add duplicate entries (i.e.
+	separate values with the same key according to hashmap_cmp_fn).
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`entry` is the entry to add.
+
+`void *hashmap_put(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)`::
+
+	Adds or replaces a hashmap entry. If the hashmap contains duplicate
+	entries equal to the specified entry, only one of them will be replaced.
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`entry` is the entry to add or replace.
++
+Returns the replaced entry, or NULL if not found (i.e. the entry was added).
+
+`void *hashmap_remove(struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)`::
+
+	Removes a hashmap entry matching the specified key. If the hashmap
+	contains duplicate entries equal to the specified key, only one of
+	them will be removed.
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`key` is a hashmap_entry structure (or user data structure that starts with
+hashmap_entry) that has at least been initialized with the proper hash code
+(via `hashmap_entry_init`).
++
+If an entry with matching hash code is found, `key` and `keydata` are
+passed to `hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key.
++
+Returns the removed entry, or NULL if not found.
+
+`void hashmap_iter_init(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)`::
+`void *hashmap_iter_next(struct hashmap_iter *iter)`::
+`void *hashmap_iter_first(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)`::
+
+	Used to iterate over all entries of a hashmap.
++
+`hashmap_iter_init` initializes a `hashmap_iter` structure.
++
+`hashmap_iter_next` returns the next hashmap_entry, or NULL if there are no
+more entries.
++
+`hashmap_iter_first` is a combination of both (i.e. initializes the iterator
+and returns the first entry, if any).
+
+`const char *strintern(const char *string)`::
+`const void *memintern(const void *data, size_t len)`::
+
+	Returns the unique, interned version of the specified string or data,
+	similar to the `String.intern` API in Java and .NET, respectively.
+	Interned strings remain valid for the entire lifetime of the process.
++
+Can be used as `[x]strdup()` or `xmemdupz` replacement, except that interned
+strings / data must not be modified or freed.
++
+Interned strings are best used for short strings with high probability of
+duplicates.
++
+Uses a hashmap to store the pool of interned strings.
+
+Usage example
+-------------
+
+Here's a simple usage example that maps long keys to double values.
+------------
+struct hashmap map;
+
+struct long2double {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent; /* must be the first member! */
+	long key;
+	double value;
+};
+
+static int long2double_cmp(const struct long2double *e1, const struct long2double *e2, const void *unused)
+{
+	return !(e1->key == e2->key);
+}
+
+void long2double_init(void)
+{
+	hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) long2double_cmp, 0);
+}
+
+void long2double_free(void)
+{
+	hashmap_free(&map, 1);
+}
+
+static struct long2double *find_entry(long key)
+{
+	struct long2double k;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&k, memhash(&key, sizeof(long)));
+	k.key = key;
+	return hashmap_get(&map, &k, NULL);
+}
+
+double get_value(long key)
+{
+	struct long2double *e = find_entry(key);
+	return e ? e->value : 0;
+}
+
+void set_value(long key, double value)
+{
+	struct long2double *e = find_entry(key);
+	if (!e) {
+		e = malloc(sizeof(struct long2double));
+		hashmap_entry_init(e, memhash(&key, sizeof(long)));
+		e->key = key;
+		hashmap_add(&map, e);
+	}
+	e->value = value;
+}
+------------
+
+Using variable-sized keys
+-------------------------
+
+The `hashmap_entry_get` and `hashmap_entry_remove` functions expect an ordinary
+`hashmap_entry` structure as key to find the correct entry. If the key data is
+variable-sized (e.g. a FLEX_ARRAY string) or quite large, it is undesirable
+to create a full-fledged entry structure on the heap and copy all the key data
+into the structure.
+
+In this case, the `keydata` parameter can be used to pass
+variable-sized key data directly to the comparison function, and the `key`
+parameter can be a stripped-down, fixed size entry structure allocated on the
+stack.
+
+See test-hashmap.c for an example using arbitrary-length strings as keys.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
index d6fc90ac7e..18142b6d29 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ The following utility functions are wrappers around `graph_next_line()` and
 They can all be called with a NULL graph argument, in which case no graph
 output will be printed.
 
-* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` until it returns non-zero.
-  This prints all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this
-  commit.  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain
-  a terminating newline.  This should not be called if the commit line has
-  already been printed, or it will loop forever.
+* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` and
+  `graph_is_commit_finished()` until one of them return non-zero.  This prints
+  all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this commit.
+  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain a
+  terminating newline.
 
 * `graph_show_oneline()` calls `graph_next_line()` and prints the result to
   stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
index af7cc2e395..eda8c195c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT API Documents
+Git API Documents
 =================
 
-GIT has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
+Git has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
 documents them.
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -11,5 +11,3 @@ documents them.
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // table of contents end
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-2007-11-24
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index dd894043ae..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-lockfile API
-============
-
-The lockfile API serves two purposes:
-
-* Mutual exclusion.  When we write out a new index file, first
-  we create a new file `$GIT_DIR/index.lock`, write the new
-  contents into it, and rename it to the final destination
-  `$GIT_DIR/index`.  We try to create the `$GIT_DIR/index.lock`
-  file with O_EXCL so that we can notice and fail when somebody
-  else is already trying to update the index file.
-
-* Automatic cruft removal.  After we create the "lock" file, we
-  may decide to `die()`, and we would want to make sure that we
-  remove the file that has not been committed to its final
-  destination.  This is done by remembering the lockfiles we
-  created in a linked list and cleaning them up from an
-  `atexit(3)` handler.  Outstanding lockfiles are also removed
-  when the program dies on a signal.
-
-
-The functions
--------------
-
-hold_lock_file_for_update::
-
-	Take a pointer to `struct lock_file`, the filename of
-	the final destination (e.g. `$GIT_DIR/index`) and a flag
-	`die_on_error`.  Attempt to create a lockfile for the
-	destination and return the file descriptor for writing
-	to the file.  If `die_on_error` flag is true, it dies if
-	a lock is already taken for the file; otherwise it
-	returns a negative integer to the caller on failure.
-
-commit_lock_file::
-
-	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
-	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
-	close the file descriptor and rename the lockfile to its
-	final destination.  Returns 0 upon success, a negative
-	value on failure to close(2) or rename(2).
-
-rollback_lock_file::
-
-	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
-	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
-	close the file descriptor and remove the lockfile.
-
-close_lock_file::
-	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
-	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
-	and close the file descriptor.  Returns 0 upon success,
-	a negative value on failure to close(2).
-
-Because the structure is used in an `atexit(3)` handler, its
-storage has to stay throughout the life of the program.  It
-cannot be an auto variable allocated on the stack.
-
-Call `commit_lock_file()` or `rollback_lock_file()` when you are
-done writing to the file descriptor.  If you do not call either
-and simply `exit(3)` from the program, an `atexit(3)` handler
-will close and remove the lockfile.
-
-If you need to close the file descriptor you obtained from
-`hold_lock_file_for_update` function yourself, do so by calling
-`close_lock_file()`.  You should never call `close(2)` yourself!
-Otherwise the `struct
-lock_file` structure still remembers that the file descriptor
-needs to be closed, and a later call to `commit_lock_file()` or
-`rollback_lock_file()` will result in duplicate calls to
-`close(2)`.  Worse yet, if you `close(2)`, open another file
-descriptor for completely different purpose, and then call
-`commit_lock_file()` or `rollback_lock_file()`, they may close
-that unrelated file descriptor.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
index 4b92514f60..27bd701c0d 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 parse-options API
 =================
 
-The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in git
+The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in Git
 and to provide a usage help with consistent look.
 
 Basics
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ that allow to change the behavior of a command.
 * There are basically two forms of options:
   'Short options' consist of one dash (`-`) and one alphanumeric
   character.
-  'Long options' begin with two dashes (`\--`) and some
+  'Long options' begin with two dashes (`--`) and some
   alphanumeric characters.
 
 * Options are case-sensitive.
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ that allow to change the behavior of a command.
 
 The parse-options API allows:
 
-* 'sticked' and 'separate form' of options with arguments.
-  `-oArg` is sticked, `-o Arg` is separate form.
-  `\--option=Arg` is sticked, `\--option Arg` is separate form.
+* 'stuck' and 'separate form' of options with arguments.
+  `-oArg` is stuck, `-o Arg` is separate form.
+  `--option=Arg` is stuck, `--option Arg` is separate form.
 
 * Long options may be 'abbreviated', as long as the abbreviation
   is unambiguous.
@@ -39,11 +39,14 @@ The parse-options API allows:
 * Short options may be bundled, e.g. `-a -b` can be specified as `-ab`.
 
 * Boolean long options can be 'negated' (or 'unset') by prepending
-  `no-`, e.g. `\--no-abbrev` instead of `\--abbrev`.
+  `no-`, e.g. `--no-abbrev` instead of `--abbrev`. Conversely,
+  options that begin with `no-` can be 'negated' by removing it.
+  Other long options can be unset (e.g., set string to NULL, set
+  integer to 0) by prepending `no-`.
 
-* Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `\--`
-  option, e.g. `-a -b \--option \-- \--this-is-a-file` indicates that
-  `\--this-is-a-file` must not be processed as an option.
+* Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `--`
+  option, e.g. `-a -b --option -- --this-is-a-file` indicates that
+  `--this-is-a-file` must not be processed as an option.
 
 Steps to parse options
 ----------------------
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ before the full parser, which in turn shows the full help message.
 Flags are the bitwise-or of:
 
 `PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH`::
-	Keep the `\--` that usually separates options from
+	Keep the `--` that usually separates options from
 	non-option arguments.
 
 `PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION`::
@@ -113,22 +116,22 @@ say `static struct option builtin_add_options[]`.
 There are some macros to easily define options:
 
 `OPT__ABBREV(&int_var)`::
-	Add `\--abbrev[=<n>]`.
+	Add `--abbrev[=<n>]`.
 
 `OPT__COLOR(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `\--color[=<when>]` and `--no-color`.
+	Add `--color[=<when>]` and `--no-color`.
 
 `OPT__DRY_RUN(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `-n, \--dry-run`.
+	Add `-n, --dry-run`.
 
 `OPT__FORCE(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `-f, \--force`.
+	Add `-f, --force`.
 
 `OPT__QUIET(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `-q, \--quiet`.
+	Add `-q, --quiet`.
 
 `OPT__VERBOSE(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `-v, \--verbose`.
+	Add `-v, --verbose`.
 
 `OPT_GROUP(description)`::
 	Start an option group. `description` is a short string that
@@ -141,8 +144,12 @@ There are some macros to easily define options:
 
 `OPT_COUNTUP(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
 	Introduce a count-up option.
-	`int_var` is incremented on each use of `--option`, and
-	reset to zero with `--no-option`.
+	Each use of `--option` increments `int_var`, starting from zero
+	(even if initially negative), and `--no-option` resets it to
+	zero. To determine if `--option` or `--no-option` was encountered at
+	all, initialize `int_var` to a negative value, and if it is still
+	negative after parse_options(), then neither `--option` nor
+	`--no-option` was seen.
 
 `OPT_BIT(short, long, &int_var, description, mask)`::
 	Introduce a boolean option.
@@ -157,10 +164,6 @@ There are some macros to easily define options:
 	`int_var` is set to `integer` with `--option`, and
 	reset to zero with `--no-option`.
 
-`OPT_SET_PTR(short, long, &ptr_var, description, ptr)`::
-	Introduce a boolean option.
-	If used, set `ptr_var` to `ptr`.
-
 `OPT_STRING(short, long, &str_var, arg_str, description)`::
 	Introduce an option with string argument.
 	The string argument is put into `str_var`.
@@ -169,10 +172,20 @@ There are some macros to easily define options:
 	Introduce an option with integer argument.
 	The integer is put into `int_var`.
 
+`OPT_MAGNITUDE(short, long, &unsigned_long_var, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with a size argument. The argument must be a
+	non-negative integer and may include a suffix of 'k', 'm' or 'g' to
+	scale the provided value by 1024, 1024^2 or 1024^3 respectively.
+	The scaled value is put into `unsigned_long_var`.
+
 `OPT_DATE(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
 	Introduce an option with date argument, see `approxidate()`.
 	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
 
+`OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with expiry date argument, see `parse_expiry_date()`.
+	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
+
 `OPT_CALLBACK(short, long, &var, arg_str, description, func_ptr)`::
 	Introduce an option with argument.
 	The argument will be fed into the function given by `func_ptr`
@@ -209,16 +222,36 @@ There are some macros to easily define options:
 	Use it to hide deprecated options that are still to be recognized
 	and ignored silently.
 
+`OPT_PASSTHRU(short, long, &char_var, arg_str, description, flags)`::
+	Introduce an option that will be reconstructed into a char* string,
+	which must be initialized to NULL. This is useful when you need to
+	pass the command-line option to another command. Any previous value
+	will be overwritten, so this should only be used for options where
+	the last one specified on the command line wins.
+
+`OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(short, long, &argv_array_var, arg_str, description, flags)`::
+	Introduce an option where all instances of it on the command-line will
+	be reconstructed into an argv_array. This is useful when you need to
+	pass the command-line option, which can be specified multiple times,
+	to another command.
+
+`OPT_CMDMODE(short, long, &int_var, description, enum_val)`::
+	Define an "operation mode" option, only one of which in the same
+	group of "operating mode" options that share the same `int_var`
+	can be given by the user. `enum_val` is set to `int_var` when the
+	option is used, but an error is reported if other "operating mode"
+	option has already set its value to the same `int_var`.
+
 
 The last element of the array must be `OPT_END()`.
 
 If not stated otherwise, interpret the arguments as follows:
 
 * `short` is a character for the short option
-  (e.g. `{apostrophe}e{apostrophe}` for `-e`, use `0` to omit),
+  (e.g. `'e'` for `-e`, use `0` to omit),
 
 * `long` is a string for the long option
-  (e.g. `"example"` for `\--example`, use `NULL` to omit),
+  (e.g. `"example"` for `--example`, use `NULL` to omit),
 
 * `int_var` is an integer variable,
 
@@ -242,10 +275,10 @@ The function must be defined in this form:
 The callback mechanism is as follows:
 
 * Inside `func`, the only interesting member of the structure
-  given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt\->value`.
-  `\*opt\->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you
+  given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt->value`.
+  `*opt->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you
   use `OPT_CALLBACK()`.
-  For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt\->value = 42;` to get 42
+  For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt->value = 42;` to get 42
   into an `unsigned long` variable.
 
 * Return value `0` indicates success and non-zero return
@@ -268,10 +301,10 @@ Examples
 --------
 
 See `test-parse-options.c` and
-`builtin-add.c`,
-`builtin-clone.c`,
-`builtin-commit.c`,
-`builtin-fetch.c`,
-`builtin-fsck.c`,
-`builtin-rm.c`
+`builtin/add.c`,
+`builtin/clone.c`,
+`builtin/commit.c`,
+`builtin/fetch.c`,
+`builtin/fsck.c`,
+`builtin/rm.c`
 for real-world examples.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
index dbbea95db7..37379d8337 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Iteration of refs is done by using an iterate function which will call a
 callback function for every ref. The callback function has this
 signature:
 
-	int handle_one_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	int handle_one_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
 			   int flags, void *cb_data);
 
 There are different kinds of iterate functions which all take a
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Iteration functions
 * `head_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_ref_in_submodule()`, `for_each_tag_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_branch_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_remote_ref_submodule()`
-  do the same as the functions descibed above but for a specified
+  do the same as the functions described above but for a specified
   submodule.
 
 * `for_each_rawref()` can be used to learn about broken ref and symref.
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ submodules object database. You can do this by a code-snippet like
 this:
 
 	const char *path = "path/to/submodule"
-	if (!add_submodule_odb(path))
+	if (add_submodule_odb(path))
 		die("Error submodule '%s' not populated.", path);
 
-`add_submodule_odb()` will return an non-zero value on success. If you
+`add_submodule_odb()` will return zero on success. If you
 do not do this you will get an error for each ref that it does not point
 to a valid object.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
index c54b17db69..f10941b2e8 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Remotes configuration API
 
 The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to
 remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically
-and currently used by git, and presents the information in a uniform
+and currently used by Git, and presents the information in a uniform
 fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any
 configuration, giving them just the default information.
 
@@ -45,12 +45,16 @@ struct remote
 `receivepack`, `uploadpack`::
 
 	The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for
-	git-native protocols.
+	Git-native protocols.
 
 `http_proxy`::
 
 	The proxy to use for curl (http, https, ftp, etc.) URLs.
 
+`http_proxy_authmethod`::
+
+	The method used for authenticating against `http_proxy`.
+
 struct remotes can be found by name with remote_get(), and iterated
 through with for_each_remote(). remote_get(NULL) will return the
 default remote, given the current branch and configuration.
@@ -58,16 +62,16 @@ default remote, given the current branch and configuration.
 struct refspec
 --------------
 
-A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec. If it
-will force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true. If it is a
-pattern (sides end with '*') pattern is true. src and dest are the two
-sides (if a pattern, only the part outside of the wildcards); if there
-is only one side, it is src, and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are
-empty (i.e., the refspec either starts or ends with ':'), the
-corresponding side is "".
+A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec.  If it
+will force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true.  If it is a
+pattern (sides end with '*') pattern is true.  src and dest are the
+two sides (including '*' characters if present); if there is only one
+side, it is src, and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are empty (i.e.,
+the refspec either starts or ends with ':'), the corresponding side is
+"".
 
-This parsing can be done to an array of strings to give an array of
-struct refpsecs with parse_ref_spec().
+An array of strings can be parsed into an array of struct refspecs
+using parse_fetch_refspec() or parse_push_refspec().
 
 remote_find_tracking(), given a remote and a struct refspec with
 either src or dst filled out, will fill out the other such that the
@@ -97,10 +101,6 @@ It contains:
 
 	The name of the remote listed in the configuration.
 
-`remote`::
-
-	The struct remote for that remote.
-
 `merge_name`::
 
 	An array of the "merge" lines in the configuration.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
index 996da0503a..55b878ade8 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ function.
 	returning a `struct commit *` each time you call it. The end of the
 	revision list is indicated by returning a NULL pointer.
 
+`reset_revision_walk`::
+
+	Reset the flags used by the revision walking api. You can use
+	this to do multiple sequential revision walks.
+
 Data structures
 ---------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
index f18b4f4817..8bf3e37f53 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ produces in the caller in order to process it.
 Functions
 ---------
 
+`child_process_init`::
+
+	Initialize a struct child_process variable.
+
 `start_command`::
 
 	Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a `struct child_process`
@@ -42,6 +46,13 @@ Functions
 	The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
 	corresponds to the member .env.
 
+`child_process_clear`::
+
+	Release the memory associated with the struct child_process.
+	Most users of the run-command API don't need to call this
+	function explicitly because `start_command` invokes it on
+	failure and `finish_command` calls it automatically already.
+
 The functions above do the following:
 
 . If a system call failed, errno is set and -1 is returned. A diagnostic
@@ -55,10 +66,8 @@ The functions above do the following:
   non-zero.
 
 . If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
-  signal number - 128, ie. it is negative and so indicates an unusual
-  condition; a diagnostic is printed. This return value can be passed to
-  exit(2), which will report the same code to the parent process that a
-  POSIX shell's $? would report for a program that died from the signal.
+  signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell's $? would
+  report.  A diagnostic is printed.
 
 
 `start_async`::
@@ -98,8 +107,8 @@ command to run in a sub-process.
 
 The caller:
 
-1. allocates and clears (memset(&chld, 0, sizeof(chld));) a
-   struct child_process variable;
+1. allocates and clears (using child_process_init() or
+   CHILD_PROCESS_INIT) a struct child_process variable;
 2. initializes the members;
 3. calls start_command();
 4. processes the data;
@@ -111,6 +120,13 @@ terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
 without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
 the command name without the 'git-' prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.
 
+Note that the ownership of the memory pointed to by .argv stays with the
+caller, but it should survive until `finish_command` completes. If the
+.argv member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the .args
+`argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but you must use exactly
+one). The memory in .args will be cleaned up automatically during
+`finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
+
 The members .in, .out, .err are used to redirect stdin, stdout,
 stderr as follows:
 
@@ -160,6 +176,11 @@ string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
 . If the string does not contain '=', it names an environment
   variable that will be removed from the child process's environment.
 
+If the .env member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the
+.env_array `argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but not both).
+The memory in .env_array will be cleaned up automatically during
+`finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
+
 To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
 specify it in the .dir member.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
index 4f63a04d7d..540e455689 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,42 @@ Talk about
 * is_inside_git_dir()
 * is_inside_work_tree()
 * setup_work_tree()
-* get_pathspec()
 
 (Dscho)
+
+Pathspec
+--------
+
+See glossary-context.txt for the syntax of pathspec. In memory, a
+pathspec set is represented by "struct pathspec" and is prepared by
+parse_pathspec(). This function takes several arguments:
+
+- magic_mask specifies what features that are NOT supported by the
+  following code. If a user attempts to use such a feature,
+  parse_pathspec() can reject it early.
+
+- flags specifies other things that the caller wants parse_pathspec to
+  perform.
+
+- prefix and args come from cmd_* functions
+
+get_pathspec() is obsolete and should never be used in new code.
+
+parse_pathspec() helps catch unsupported features and reject them
+politely. At a lower level, different pathspec-related functions may
+not support the same set of features. Such pathspec-sensitive
+functions are guarded with GUARD_PATHSPEC(), which will die in an
+unfriendly way when an unsupported feature is requested.
+
+The command designers are supposed to make sure that GUARD_PATHSPEC()
+never dies. They have to make sure all unsupported features are caught
+by parse_pathspec(), not by GUARD_PATHSPEC. grepping GUARD_PATHSPEC()
+should give the designers all pathspec-sensitive codepaths and what
+features they support.
+
+A similar process is applied when a new pathspec magic is added. The
+designer lifts the GUARD_PATHSPEC restriction in the functions that
+support the new magic. At the same time (s)he has to make sure this
+new feature will be caught at parse_pathspec() in commands that cannot
+handle the new magic in some cases. grepping parse_pathspec() should
+help.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
index 4a4bae8109..3e75497a37 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 sha1-array API
 ==============
 
-The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA1
+The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA-1
 identifiers. The emphasis is on storage and processing efficiency,
 making them suitable for large lists. Note that the ordering of items is
 not preserved over some operations.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Data Structures
 
 `struct sha1_array`::
 
-	A single array of SHA1 hashes. This should be initialized by
+	A single array of SHA-1 hashes. This should be initialized by
 	assignment from `SHA1_ARRAY_INIT`.  The `sha1` member contains
 	the actual data. The `nr` member contains the number of items in
 	the set.  The `alloc` and `sorted` members are used internally,
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@ Functions
 	the array (but note that some operations below may lose this
 	ordering).
 
-`sha1_array_sort`::
-	Sort the elements in the array.
-
 `sha1_array_lookup`::
 	Perform a binary search of the array for a specific sha1.
 	If found, returns the offset (in number of elements) of the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index afe2759951..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-strbuf API
-==========
-
-strbuf's are meant to be used with all the usual C string and memory
-APIs. Given that the length of the buffer is known, it's often better to
-use the mem* functions than a str* one (memchr vs. strchr e.g.).
-Though, one has to be careful about the fact that str* functions often
-stop on NULs and that strbufs may have embedded NULs.
-
-An strbuf is NUL terminated for convenience, but no function in the
-strbuf API actually relies on the string being free of NULs.
-
-strbufs has some invariants that are very important to keep in mind:
-
-. The `buf` member is never NULL, so it can be used in any usual C
-string operations safely. strbuf's _have_ to be initialized either by
-`strbuf_init()` or by `= STRBUF_INIT` before the invariants, though.
-+
-Do *not* assume anything on what `buf` really is (e.g. if it is
-allocated memory or not), use `strbuf_detach()` to unwrap a memory
-buffer from its strbuf shell in a safe way. That is the sole supported
-way. This will give you a malloced buffer that you can later `free()`.
-+
-However, it is totally safe to modify anything in the string pointed by
-the `buf` member, between the indices `0` and `len-1` (inclusive).
-
-. The `buf` member is a byte array that has at least `len + 1` bytes
-  allocated. The extra byte is used to store a `'\0'`, allowing the
-  `buf` member to be a valid C-string. Every strbuf function ensure this
-  invariant is preserved.
-+
-NOTE: It is OK to "play" with the buffer directly if you work it this
-      way:
-+
-----
-strbuf_grow(sb, SOME_SIZE); <1>
-strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + SOME_OTHER_SIZE);
-----
-<1> Here, the memory array starting at `sb->buf`, and of length
-`strbuf_avail(sb)` is all yours, and you can be sure that
-`strbuf_avail(sb)` is at least `SOME_SIZE`.
-+
-NOTE: `SOME_OTHER_SIZE` must be smaller or equal to `strbuf_avail(sb)`.
-+
-Doing so is safe, though if it has to be done in many places, adding the
-missing API to the strbuf module is the way to go.
-+
-WARNING: Do _not_ assume that the area that is yours is of size `alloc
-- 1` even if it's true in the current implementation. Alloc is somehow a
-"private" member that should not be messed with. Use `strbuf_avail()`
-instead.
-
-Data structures
----------------
-
-* `struct strbuf`
-
-This is the string buffer structure. The `len` member can be used to
-determine the current length of the string, and `buf` member provides access to
-the string itself.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-* Life cycle
-
-`strbuf_init`::
-
-	Initialize the structure. The second parameter can be zero or a bigger
-	number to allocate memory, in case you want to prevent further reallocs.
-
-`strbuf_release`::
-
-	Release a string buffer and the memory it used. You should not use the
-	string buffer after using this function, unless you initialize it again.
-
-`strbuf_detach`::
-
-	Detach the string from the strbuf and returns it; you now own the
-	storage the string occupies and it is your responsibility from then on
-	to release it with `free(3)` when you are done with it.
-
-`strbuf_attach`::
-
-	Attach a string to a buffer. You should specify the string to attach,
-	the current length of the string and the amount of allocated memory.
-	The amount must be larger than the string length, because the string you
-	pass is supposed to be a NUL-terminated string.  This string _must_ be
-	malloc()ed, and after attaching, the pointer cannot be relied upon
-	anymore, and neither be free()d directly.
-
-`strbuf_swap`::
-
-	Swap the contents of two string buffers.
-
-* Related to the size of the buffer
-
-`strbuf_avail`::
-
-	Determine the amount of allocated but unused memory.
-
-`strbuf_grow`::
-
-	Ensure that at least this amount of unused memory is available after
-	`len`. This is used when you know a typical size for what you will add
-	and want to avoid repetitive automatic resizing of the underlying buffer.
-	This is never a needed operation, but can be critical for performance in
-	some cases.
-
-`strbuf_setlen`::
-
-	Set the length of the buffer to a given value. This function does *not*
-	allocate new memory, so you should not perform a `strbuf_setlen()` to a
-	length that is larger than `len + strbuf_avail()`. `strbuf_setlen()` is
-	just meant as a 'please fix invariants from this strbuf I just messed
-	with'.
-
-`strbuf_reset`::
-
-	Empty the buffer by setting the size of it to zero.
-
-* Related to the contents of the buffer
-
-`strbuf_rtrim`::
-
-	Strip whitespace from the end of a string.
-
-`strbuf_cmp`::
-
-	Compare two buffers. Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater
-	than zero if the first buffer is found, respectively, to be less than,
-	to match, or be greater than the second buffer.
-
-* Adding data to the buffer
-
-NOTE: All of the functions in this section will grow the buffer as necessary.
-If they fail for some reason other than memory shortage and the buffer hadn't
-been allocated before (i.e. the `struct strbuf` was set to `STRBUF_INIT`),
-then they will free() it.
-
-`strbuf_addch`::
-
-	Add a single character to the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_insert`::
-
-	Insert data to the given position of the buffer. The remaining contents
-	will be shifted, not overwritten.
-
-`strbuf_remove`::
-
-	Remove given amount of data from a given position of the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_splice`::
-
-	Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
-	data.
-
-`strbuf_add`::
-
-	Add data of given length to the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_addstr`::
-
-Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer.
-+
-NOTE: This function will *always* be implemented as an inline or a macro
-that expands to:
-+
-----
-strbuf_add(..., s, strlen(s));
-----
-+
-Meaning that this is efficient to write things like:
-+
-----
-strbuf_addstr(sb, "immediate string");
-----
-
-`strbuf_addbuf`::
-
-	Copy the contents of an other buffer at the end of the current one.
-
-`strbuf_adddup`::
-
-	Copy part of the buffer from a given position till a given length to the
-	end of the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_expand`::
-
-	This function can be used to expand a format string containing
-	placeholders. To that end, it parses the string and calls the specified
-	function for every percent sign found.
-+
-The callback function is given a pointer to the character after the `%`
-and a pointer to the struct strbuf.  It is expected to add the expanded
-version of the placeholder to the strbuf, e.g. to add a newline
-character if the letter `n` appears after a `%`.  The function returns
-the length of the placeholder recognized and `strbuf_expand()` skips
-over it.
-+
-The format `%%` is automatically expanded to a single `%` as a quoting
-mechanism; callers do not need to handle the `%` placeholder themselves,
-and the callback function will not be invoked for this placeholder.
-+
-All other characters (non-percent and not skipped ones) are copied
-verbatim to the strbuf.  If the callback returned zero, meaning that the
-placeholder is unknown, then the percent sign is copied, too.
-+
-In order to facilitate caching and to make it possible to give
-parameters to the callback, `strbuf_expand()` passes a context pointer,
-which can be used by the programmer of the callback as she sees fit.
-
-`strbuf_expand_dict_cb`::
-
-	Used as callback for `strbuf_expand()`, expects an array of
-	struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry as context, i.e. pairs of
-	placeholder and replacement string.  The array needs to be
-	terminated by an entry with placeholder set to NULL.
-
-`strbuf_addbuf_percentquote`::
-
-	Append the contents of one strbuf to another, quoting any
-	percent signs ("%") into double-percents ("%%") in the
-	destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
-	strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
-
-`strbuf_addf`::
-
-	Add a formatted string to the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_fread`::
-
-	Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
-+
-NOTE: The buffer is rewound if the read fails. If -1 is returned,
-`errno` must be consulted, like you would do for `read(3)`.
-`strbuf_read()`, `strbuf_read_file()` and `strbuf_getline()` has the
-same behaviour as well.
-
-`strbuf_read`::
-
-	Read the contents of a given file descriptor. The third argument can be
-	used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
-
-`strbuf_read_file`::
-
-	Read the contents of a file, specified by its path. The third argument
-	can be used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
-
-`strbuf_readlink`::
-
-	Read the target of a symbolic link, specified by its path.  The third
-	argument can be used to give a hint about the size, to avoid reallocs.
-
-`strbuf_getline`::
-
-	Read a line from a FILE* pointer. The second argument specifies the line
-	terminator character, typically `'\n'`.
-
-`stripspace`::
-
-	Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
-	comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
-
-`launch_editor`::
-
-	Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
-	with the file's contents upon the user completing their editing. The
-	third argument can be used to set the environment which the editor is
-	run in. If the buffer is NULL the editor is launched as usual but the
-	file's contents are not read into the buffer upon completion.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
index ce24eb96f5..c08402b12e 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 string-list API
 ===============
 
-The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle sorted
-and unsorted string lists.
+The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle
+sorted and unsorted string lists.  A "sorted" list is one whose
+entries are sorted by string value in `strcmp()` order.
 
 The 'string_list' struct used to be called 'path_list', but was renamed
 because it is not specific to paths.
@@ -20,27 +21,34 @@ If you need something advanced, you can manually malloc() the `items`
 member (you need this if you add things later) and you should set the
 `nr` and `alloc` members in that case, too.
 
-. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append` or
-  `string_list_insert`.
+. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append`,
+  `string_list_append_nodup`, `string_list_insert`,
+  `string_list_split`, and/or `string_list_split_in_place`.
 
 . Can check if a string is in the list using `string_list_has_string` or
   `unsorted_string_list_has_string` and get it from the list using
   `string_list_lookup` for sorted lists.
 
-. Can sort an unsorted list using `sort_string_list`.
+. Can sort an unsorted list using `string_list_sort`.
+
+. Can remove duplicate items from a sorted list using
+  `string_list_remove_duplicates`.
 
 . Can remove individual items of an unsorted list using
   `unsorted_string_list_delete_item`.
 
+. Can remove items not matching a criterion from a sorted or unsorted
+  list using `filter_string_list`, or remove empty strings using
+  `string_list_remove_empty_items`.
+
 . Finally it should free the list using `string_list_clear`.
 
 Example:
 
 ----
-struct string_list list;
+struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 int i;
 
-memset(&list, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
 string_list_append(&list, "foo");
 string_list_append(&list, "bar");
 for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
@@ -60,6 +68,25 @@ Functions
 
 * General ones (works with sorted and unsorted lists as well)
 
+`string_list_init`::
+
+	Initialize the members of the string_list, set `strdup_strings`
+	member according to the value of the second parameter.
+
+`filter_string_list`::
+
+	Apply a function to each item in a list, retaining only the
+	items for which the function returns true.  If free_util is
+	true, call free() on the util members of any items that have
+	to be deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are
+	retained.
+
+`string_list_remove_empty_items`::
+
+	Remove any empty strings from the list.  If free_util is true,
+	call free() on the util members of any items that have to be
+	deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
+
 `print_string_list`::
 
 	Dump a string_list to stdout, useful mainly for debugging purposes. It
@@ -83,7 +110,9 @@ Functions
 
 	Insert a new element to the string_list. The returned pointer can be
 	handy if you want to write something to the `util` pointer of the
-	string_list_item containing the just added string.
+	string_list_item containing the just added string. If the given
+	string already exists the insertion will be skipped and the
+	pointer to the existing item returned.
 +
 Since this function uses xrealloc() (which die()s if it fails) if the
 list needs to grow, it is safe not to check the pointer. I.e. you may
@@ -94,15 +123,32 @@ write `string_list_insert(...)->util = ...;`.
 	Look up a given string in the string_list, returning the containing
 	string_list_item. If the string is not found, NULL is returned.
 
+`string_list_remove_duplicates`::
+
+	Remove all but the first of consecutive entries that have the
+	same string value.  If free_util is true, call free() on the
+	util members of any items that have to be deleted.
+
 * Functions for unsorted lists only
 
 `string_list_append`::
 
-	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.
+	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.  If
+	`strdup_string` is set, then the string argument is copied;
+	otherwise the new `string_list_entry` refers to the input
+	string.
+
+`string_list_append_nodup`::
+
+	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.  The new
+	`string_list_entry` always refers to the input string, even if
+	`strdup_string` is set.  This function can be used to hand
+	ownership of a malloc()ed string to a `string_list` that has
+	`strdup_string` set.
 
-`sort_string_list`::
+`string_list_sort`::
 
-	Make an unsorted list sorted.
+	Sort the list's entries by string value in `strcmp()` order.
 
 `unsorted_string_list_has_string`::
 
@@ -122,6 +168,25 @@ counterpart for sorted lists, which performs a binary search.
 	is set. The third parameter controls if the `util` pointer of the
 	items should be freed or not.
 
+`string_list_split`::
+`string_list_split_in_place`::
+
+	Split a string into substrings on a delimiter character and
+	append the substrings to a `string_list`.  If `maxsplit` is
+	non-negative, then split at most `maxsplit` times.  Return the
+	number of substrings appended to the list.
++
+`string_list_split` requires a `string_list` that has `strdup_strings`
+set to true; it leaves the input string untouched and makes copies of
+the substrings in newly-allocated memory.
+`string_list_split_in_place` requires a `string_list` that has
+`strdup_strings` set to false; it splits the input string in place,
+overwriting the delimiter characters with NULs and creating new
+string_list_items that point into the original string (the original
+string must therefore not be modified or freed while the `string_list`
+is in use).
+
+
 Data structures
 ---------------
 
@@ -140,3 +205,5 @@ Represents the list itself.
   You should not tamper with it.
 . Setting the `strdup_strings` member to 1 will strdup() the strings
   before adding them, see above.
+. The `compare_strings_fn` member is used to specify a custom compare
+  function, otherwise `strcmp()` is used as the default function.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-submodule-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-submodule-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..941fa178dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-submodule-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+submodule config cache API
+==========================
+
+The submodule config cache API allows to read submodule
+configurations/information from specified revisions. Internally
+information is lazily read into a cache that is used to avoid
+unnecessary parsing of the same .gitmodule files. Lookups can be done by
+submodule path or name.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+To initialize the cache with configurations from the worktree the caller
+typically first calls `gitmodules_config()` to read values from the
+worktree .gitmodules and then to overlay the local git config values
+`parse_submodule_config_option()` from the config parsing
+infrastructure.
+
+The caller can look up information about submodules by using the
+`submodule_from_path()` or `submodule_from_name()` functions. They return
+a `struct submodule` which contains the values. The API automatically
+initializes and allocates the needed infrastructure on-demand. If the
+caller does only want to lookup values from revisions the initialization
+can be skipped.
+
+If the internal cache might grow too big or when the caller is done with
+the API, all internally cached values can be freed with submodule_free().
+
+Data Structures
+---------------
+
+`struct submodule`::
+
+	This structure is used to return the information about one
+	submodule for a certain revision. It is returned by the lookup
+	functions.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+`void submodule_free()`::
+
+	Use these to free the internally cached values.
+
+`int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)`::
+
+	Can be passed to the config parsing infrastructure to parse
+	local (worktree) submodule configurations.
+
+`const struct submodule *submodule_from_path(const unsigned char *commit_sha1, const char *path)`::
+
+	Lookup values for one submodule by its commit_sha1 and path.
+
+`const struct submodule *submodule_from_name(const unsigned char *commit_sha1, const char *name)`::
+
+	The same as above but lookup by name.
+
+If given the null_sha1 as commit_sha1 the local configuration of a
+submodule will be returned (e.g. consolidated values from local git
+configuration and the .gitmodules file in the worktree).
+
+For an example usage see test-submodule-config.c.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fadb5979c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+trace API
+=========
+
+The trace API can be used to print debug messages to stderr or a file. Trace
+code is inactive unless explicitly enabled by setting `GIT_TRACE*` environment
+variables.
+
+The trace implementation automatically adds `timestamp file:line ... \n` to
+all trace messages. E.g.:
+
+------------
+23:59:59.123456 git.c:312               trace: built-in: git 'foo'
+00:00:00.000001 builtin/foo.c:99        foo: some message
+------------
+
+Data Structures
+---------------
+
+`struct trace_key`::
+
+	Defines a trace key (or category). The default (for API functions that
+	don't take a key) is `GIT_TRACE`.
++
+E.g. to define a trace key controlled by environment variable `GIT_TRACE_FOO`:
++
+------------
+static struct trace_key trace_foo = TRACE_KEY_INIT(FOO);
+
+static void trace_print_foo(const char *message)
+{
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_foo, "%s", message);
+}
+------------
++
+Note: don't use `const` as the trace implementation stores internal state in
+the `trace_key` structure.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+`int trace_want(struct trace_key *key)`::
+
+	Checks whether the trace key is enabled. Used to prevent expensive
+	string formatting before calling one of the printing APIs.
+
+`void trace_disable(struct trace_key *key)`::
+
+	Disables tracing for the specified key, even if the environment
+	variable was set.
+
+`void trace_printf(const char *format, ...)`::
+`void trace_printf_key(struct trace_key *key, const char *format, ...)`::
+
+	Prints a formatted message, similar to printf.
+
+`void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...)``::
+
+	Prints a formatted message, followed by a quoted list of arguments.
+
+`void trace_strbuf(struct trace_key *key, const struct strbuf *data)`::
+
+	Prints the strbuf, without additional formatting (i.e. doesn't
+	choke on `%` or even `\0`).
+
+`uint64_t getnanotime(void)`::
+
+	Returns nanoseconds since the epoch (01/01/1970), typically used
+	for performance measurements.
++
+Currently there are high precision timer implementations for Linux (using
+`clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)`) and Windows (`QueryPerformanceCounter`).
+Other platforms use `gettimeofday` as time source.
+
+`void trace_performance(uint64_t nanos, const char *format, ...)`::
+`void trace_performance_since(uint64_t start, const char *format, ...)`::
+
+	Prints the elapsed time (in nanoseconds), or elapsed time since
+	`start`, followed by a formatted message. Enabled via environment
+	variable `GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`. Used for manual profiling, e.g.:
++
+------------
+uint64_t start = getnanotime();
+/* code section to measure */
+trace_performance_since(start, "foobar");
+------------
++
+------------
+uint64_t t = 0;
+for (;;) {
+	/* ignore */
+	t -= getnanotime();
+	/* code section to measure */
+	t += getnanotime();
+	/* ignore */
+}
+trace_performance(t, "frotz");
+------------
+
+Bugs & Caveats
+--------------
+
+GIT_TRACE_* environment variables can be used to tell Git to show
+trace output to its standard error stream. Git can often spawn a pager
+internally to run its subcommand and send its standard output and
+standard error to it.
+
+Because GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE trace is generated only at the very end
+of the program with atexit(), which happens after the pager exits, it
+would not work well if you send its log to the standard error output
+and let Git spawn the pager at the same time.
+
+As a work around, you can for example use '--no-pager', or set
+GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE to another file descriptor which is redirected
+to stderr, or set GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE to a file specified by its
+absolute path.
+
+For example instead of the following command which by default may not
+print any performance information:
+
+------------
+GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=2 git log -1
+------------
+
+you may want to use:
+
+------------
+GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=2 git --no-pager log -1
+------------
+
+or:
+
+------------
+GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=3 3>&2 git log -1
+------------
+
+or:
+
+------------
+GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=/path/to/log/file git log -1
+------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8c18a0f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+GIT bitmap v1 format
+====================
+
+	- A header appears at the beginning:
+
+		4-byte signature: {'B', 'I', 'T', 'M'}
+
+		2-byte version number (network byte order)
+			The current implementation only supports version 1
+			of the bitmap index (the same one as JGit).
+
+		2-byte flags (network byte order)
+
+			The following flags are supported:
+
+			- BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG (0x1) REQUIRED
+			This flag must always be present. It implies that the bitmap
+			index has been generated for a packfile with full closure
+			(i.e. where every single object in the packfile can find
+			 its parent links inside the same packfile). This is a
+			requirement for the bitmap index format, also present in JGit,
+			that greatly reduces the complexity of the implementation.
+
+			- BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE (0x4)
+			If present, the end of the bitmap file contains
+			`N` 32-bit name-hash values, one per object in the
+			pack. The format and meaning of the name-hash is
+			described below.
+
+		4-byte entry count (network byte order)
+
+			The total count of entries (bitmapped commits) in this bitmap index.
+
+		20-byte checksum
+
+			The SHA1 checksum of the pack this bitmap index belongs to.
+
+	- 4 EWAH bitmaps that act as type indexes
+
+		Type indexes are serialized after the hash cache in the shape
+		of four EWAH bitmaps stored consecutively (see Appendix A for
+		the serialization format of an EWAH bitmap).
+
+		There is a bitmap for each Git object type, stored in the following
+		order:
+
+			- Commits
+			- Trees
+			- Blobs
+			- Tags
+
+		In each bitmap, the `n`th bit is set to true if the `n`th object
+		in the packfile is of that type.
+
+		The obvious consequence is that the OR of all 4 bitmaps will result
+		in a full set (all bits set), and the AND of all 4 bitmaps will
+		result in an empty bitmap (no bits set).
+
+	- N entries with compressed bitmaps, one for each indexed commit
+
+		Where `N` is the total amount of entries in this bitmap index.
+		Each entry contains the following:
+
+		- 4-byte object position (network byte order)
+			The position **in the index for the packfile** where the
+			bitmap for this commit is found.
+
+		- 1-byte XOR-offset
+			The xor offset used to compress this bitmap. For an entry
+			in position `x`, a XOR offset of `y` means that the actual
+			bitmap representing this commit is composed by XORing the
+			bitmap for this entry with the bitmap in entry `x-y` (i.e.
+			the bitmap `y` entries before this one).
+
+			Note that this compression can be recursive. In order to
+			XOR this entry with a previous one, the previous entry needs
+			to be decompressed first, and so on.
+
+			The hard-limit for this offset is 160 (an entry can only be
+			xor'ed against one of the 160 entries preceding it). This
+			number is always positive, and hence entries are always xor'ed
+			with **previous** bitmaps, not bitmaps that will come afterwards
+			in the index.
+
+		- 1-byte flags for this bitmap
+			At the moment the only available flag is `0x1`, which hints
+			that this bitmap can be re-used when rebuilding bitmap indexes
+			for the repository.
+
+		- The compressed bitmap itself, see Appendix A.
+
+== Appendix A: Serialization format for an EWAH bitmap
+
+Ewah bitmaps are serialized in the same protocol as the JAVAEWAH
+library, making them backwards compatible with the JGit
+implementation:
+
+	- 4-byte number of bits of the resulting UNCOMPRESSED bitmap
+
+	- 4-byte number of words of the COMPRESSED bitmap, when stored
+
+	- N x 8-byte words, as specified by the previous field
+
+		This is the actual content of the compressed bitmap.
+
+	- 4-byte position of the current RLW for the compressed
+		bitmap
+
+All words are stored in network byte order for their corresponding
+sizes.
+
+The compressed bitmap is stored in a form of run-length encoding, as
+follows.  It consists of a concatenation of an arbitrary number of
+chunks.  Each chunk consists of one or more 64-bit words
+
+     H  L_1  L_2  L_3 .... L_M
+
+H is called RLW (run length word).  It consists of (from lower to higher
+order bits):
+
+     - 1 bit: the repeated bit B
+
+     - 32 bits: repetition count K (unsigned)
+
+     - 31 bits: literal word count M (unsigned)
+
+The bitstream represented by the above chunk is then:
+
+     - K repetitions of B
+
+     - The bits stored in `L_1` through `L_M`.  Within a word, bits at
+       lower order come earlier in the stream than those at higher
+       order.
+
+The next word after `L_M` (if any) must again be a RLW, for the next
+chunk.  For efficient appending to the bitstream, the EWAH stores a
+pointer to the last RLW in the stream.
+
+
+== Appendix B: Optional Bitmap Sections
+
+These sections may or may not be present in the `.bitmap` file; their
+presence is indicated by the header flags section described above.
+
+Name-hash cache
+---------------
+
+If the BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE flag is set, the end of the bitmap contains
+a cache of 32-bit values, one per object in the pack. The value at
+position `i` is the hash of the pathname at which the `i`th object
+(counting in index order) in the pack can be found.  This can be fed
+into the delta heuristics to compare objects with similar pathnames.
+
+The hash algorithm used is:
+
+    hash = 0;
+    while ((c = *name++))
+	    if (!isspace(c))
+		    hash = (hash >> 2) + (c << 24);
+
+Note that this hashing scheme is tied to the BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE flag.
+If implementations want to choose a different hashing scheme, they are
+free to do so, but MUST allocate a new header flag (because comparing
+hashes made under two different schemes would be pointless).
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c561bdd92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+HTTP transfer protocols
+=======================
+
+Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols.  A "dumb" protocol
+which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the
+connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI
+(or server module).  This document describes both protocols.
+
+As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb"
+protocol URLs to smart URLs.  This permits all users to have the
+same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most
+efficient transport available to them.
+
+
+URL Format
+----------
+
+URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP
+URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form:
+
+  http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart>
+
+Within this documentation the placeholder `$GIT_URL` will stand for
+the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user.
+
+Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching `$GIT_URL`, as
+both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate
+by appending additional path components onto the end of the user
+supplied `$GIT_URL` string.
+
+An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git
+  URL request:  http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355
+
+An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=
+  URL request:  http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=/info/refs&service=git-receive-pack
+
+An example of a request to a submodule:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git
+  URL request:  http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs
+
+Clients MUST strip a trailing `/`, if present, from the user supplied
+`$GIT_URL` string to prevent empty path tokens (`//`) from appearing
+in any URL sent to a server.  Compatible clients MUST expand
+`$GIT_URL/info/refs` as `foo/info/refs` and not `foo//info/refs`.
+
+
+Authentication
+--------------
+
+Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required
+to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the
+HTTP server software.
+
+Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components
+server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within
+their HTTP server to control repository access.
+
+Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2617.
+Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the
+HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software.
+
+Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of
+authentication or access control.
+
+Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based
+authentication, such as Digest authentication.
+
+
+SSL
+---
+
+Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect
+passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication.
+
+
+Session State
+-------------
+
+The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless
+from the perspective of the HTTP server side.  All state MUST be
+retained and managed by the client process.  This permits simple
+round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to
+worry about state management.
+
+Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in
+order to function correctly.
+
+Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly.
+Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing
+as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1).  Servers SHOULD ignore any
+cookies sent by a client.
+
+
+General Request Processing
+--------------------------
+
+Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed
+by both client and server.  This includes (but is not necessarily
+limited to):
+
+If there is no repository at `$GIT_URL`, or the resource pointed to by a
+location matching `$GIT_URL` does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond
+with `200 OK` response.  A server SHOULD respond with
+`404 Not Found`, `410 Gone`, or any other suitable HTTP status code
+which does not imply the resource exists as requested.
+
+If there is a repository at `$GIT_URL`, but access is not currently
+permitted, the server MUST respond with the `403 Forbidden` HTTP
+status code.
+
+Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
+Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
+bodies.
+
+Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
+Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
+bodies.
+
+Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers.
+
+Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since
+and/or If-None-Match request headers.
+
+Servers MAY return `304 Not Modified` if the relevant headers appear
+in the request and the entity has not changed.  Clients MUST treat
+`304 Not Modified` identical to `200 OK` by reusing the cached entity.
+
+Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the
+Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching.  Clients and
+servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls.
+
+
+Discovering References
+----------------------
+
+All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by
+discovering the references available on the remote repository.
+
+Dumb Clients
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover
+references by making a request for the special info/refs file of
+the repository.
+
+Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a `GET` request to `$GIT_URL/info/refs`,
+without any search/query parameters.
+
+   C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S:
+   S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31	refs/heads/maint
+   S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355	refs/heads/master
+   S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115	refs/tags/v1.0
+   S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c	refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+
+The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be
+`text/plain; charset=utf-8`, but MAY be any content type.
+Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type.
+Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with
+`application/x-git-`.
+
+Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the
+returned entity.
+
+When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP
+status code.  Valid responses are `200 OK`, or `304 Not Modified`.
+
+The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing
+each ref and its known value.  The file SHOULD be sorted by name
+according to the C locale ordering.  The file SHOULD NOT include
+the default ref named `HEAD`.
+
+  info_refs   =  *( ref_record )
+  ref_record  =  any_ref / peeled_ref
+
+  any_ref     =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
+  peeled_ref  =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
+		 obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF
+
+Smart Clients
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the
+"smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making
+a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository.
+
+The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter,
+`service=$servicename`, where `$servicename` MUST be the service
+name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation.
+The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters.
+
+   C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
+
+dumb server reply:
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S:
+   S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31	refs/heads/maint
+   S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355	refs/heads/master
+   S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115	refs/tags/v1.0
+   S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c	refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+
+smart server reply:
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n
+   S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n
+   S: 0042d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n
+   S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n
+   S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n
+
+Dumb Server Response
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format.
+
+See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed
+description of the dumb server response.
+
+Smart Server Response
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the
+requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator,
+the server MUST respond with the `403 Forbidden` HTTP status code.
+
+Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply
+format for the requested service name.
+
+Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the
+returned entity.
+
+The Content-Type MUST be `application/x-$servicename-advertisement`.
+Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content
+type is returned.  When falling back to the dumb protocol clients
+SHOULD NOT make an additional request to `$GIT_URL/info/refs`, but
+instead SHOULD use the response already in hand.  Clients MUST NOT
+continue if they do not support the dumb protocol.
+
+Clients MUST validate the status code is either `200 OK` or
+`304 Not Modified`.
+
+Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity
+matches the regex `^[0-9a-f]{4}#`.  If this test fails, clients
+MUST NOT continue.
+
+Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line
+records.
+
+Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is `# service=$servicename`.
+Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value.
+Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line.
+Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line.
+
+Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic `0000` end
+pkt-line marker.
+
+The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
+its known value.  The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to
+the C locale ordering.  The stream SHOULD include the default ref
+named `HEAD` as the first ref.  The stream MUST include capability
+declarations behind a NUL on the first ref.
+
+  smart_reply     =  PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF)
+		     ref_list
+		     "0000"
+  ref_list        =  empty_list / non_empty_list
+
+  empty_list      =  PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF)
+
+  non_empty_list  =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF)
+		     *ref_record
+
+  cap-list        =  capability *(SP capability)
+  capability      =  1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
+  LC_ALPHA        =  %x61-7A
+
+  ref_record      =  any_ref / peeled_ref
+  any_ref         =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
+  peeled_ref      =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
+		     PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF
+
+
+Smart Service git-upload-pack
+------------------------------
+This service reads from the repository pointed to by `$GIT_URL`.
+
+Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
+`$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack`.
+
+   C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
+   C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
+   C:
+   C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n
+   C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n
+   C: 0000
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: ....ACK %s, continue
+   S: ....NAK
+
+Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
+Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
+to prevent caching of the response.
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
+
+Clients MUST send at least one "want" command in the request body.
+Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a "want" command which did not
+appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the
+server advertises capability `allow-tip-sha1-in-want` or
+`allow-reachable-sha1-in-want`.
+
+  compute_request   =  want_list
+		       have_list
+		       request_end
+  request_end       =  "0000" / "done"
+
+  want_list         =  PKT-LINE(want NUL cap_list LF)
+		       *(want_pkt)
+  want_pkt          =  PKT-LINE(want LF)
+  want              =  "want" SP id
+  cap_list          =  *(SP capability) SP
+
+  have_list         =  *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF)
+
+TODO: Document this further.
+
+The Negotiation Algorithm
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows
+(C = client, S = server):
+
+'init step:'
+
+C: Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs.
+
+C: Place any object seen into set `advertised`.
+
+C: Build an empty set, `common`, to hold the objects that are later
+   determined to be on both ends.
+
+C: Build a set, `want`, of the objects from `advertised` the client
+   wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery.
+
+C: Start a queue, `c_pending`, ordered by commit time (popping newest
+   first).  Add all client refs.  When a commit is popped from
+   the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back.
+   Commits MUST only enter the queue once.
+
+'one compute step:'
+
+C: Send one `$GIT_URL/git-upload-pack` request:
+
+   C: 0032want <want #1>...............................
+   C: 0032want <want #2>...............................
+   ....
+   C: 0032have <common #1>.............................
+   C: 0032have <common #2>.............................
+   ....
+   C: 0032have <have #1>...............................
+   C: 0032have <have #2>...............................
+   ....
+   C: 0000
+
+The stream is organized into "commands", with each command
+appearing by itself in a pkt-line.  Within a command line,
+the text leading up to the first space is the command name,
+and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value.
+Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of
+the pkt-line value.
+
+Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear
+at all in the request stream:
+
+* "want"
+* "have"
+
+The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush (`0000`).
+
+A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted
+SHA-1 as its value.  Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending
+multiple commands.
+
+The `have` list is created by popping the first 32 commits
+from `c_pending`.  Less can be supplied if `c_pending` empties.
+
+If the client has sent 256 "have" commits and has not yet
+received one of those back from `s_common`, or the client has
+emptied `c_pending` it SHOULD include a "done" command to let
+the server know it won't proceed:
+
+   C: 0009done
+
+S: Parse the git-upload-pack request:
+
+Verify all objects in `want` are directly reachable from refs.
+
+The server MAY walk backwards through history or through
+the reflog to permit slightly stale requests.
+
+If no "want" objects are received, send an error:
+TODO: Define error if no "want" lines are requested.
+
+If any "want" object is not reachable, send an error:
+TODO: Define error if an invalid "want" is requested.
+
+Create an empty list, `s_common`.
+
+If "have" was sent:
+
+Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client.
+
+For each object, if the server has the object reachable from
+a ref, add it to `s_common`.  If a commit is added to `s_common`,
+do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in `have`.
+
+S: Send the git-upload-pack response:
+
+If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the
+request ends with "done", it replies with the pack.
+TODO: Document the pack based response
+
+   S: PACK...
+
+The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported
+by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into
+stream 1.  Progress messages from the server side MAY appear
+in stream 2.
+
+Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least
+one path from every "want" to at least one "common" object.
+
+If the server needs more information, it replies with a
+status continue response:
+TODO: Document the non-pack response
+
+C: Parse the upload-pack response:
+   TODO: Document parsing response
+
+'Do another compute step.'
+
+
+Smart Service git-receive-pack
+------------------------------
+This service reads from the repository pointed to by `$GIT_URL`.
+
+Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
+`$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack`.
+
+   C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0
+   C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request
+   C:
+   C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status
+   C: 0000
+   C: PACK....
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: ....
+
+Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
+Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
+to prevent caching of the response.
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
+
+Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body.
+Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send
+the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id.
+
+  update_request  =  command_list
+		     "PACK" <binary data>
+
+  command_list    =  PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF)
+		     *(command_pkt)
+  command_pkt     =  PKT-LINE(command LF)
+  cap_list        =  *(SP capability) SP
+
+  command         =  create / delete / update
+  create          =  zero-id SP new_id SP name
+  delete          =  old_id SP zero-id SP name
+  update          =  old_id SP new_id SP name
+
+TODO: Document this further.
+
+
+References
+----------
+
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt[RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)]
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1]
+link:technical/pack-protocol.html
+link:technical/protocol-capabilities.html
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
index 8930b3fabc..ade0b0c445 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT index format
+Git index format
 ================
 
-= The git index file has the following format
+== The Git index file has the following format
 
   All binary numbers are in network byte order. Version 2 is described
   here unless stated otherwise.
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ GIT index format
        The signature is { 'D', 'I', 'R', 'C' } (stands for "dircache")
 
      4-byte version number:
-       The current supported versions are 2 and 3.
+       The current supported versions are 2, 3 and 4.
 
      32-bit number of index entries.
 
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ GIT index format
    - Extensions
 
      Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can
-     be ignored if GIT does not understand them.
+     be ignored if Git does not understand them.
 
-     GIT currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
+     Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
 
      4-byte extension signature. If the first byte is 'A'..'Z' the
      extension is optional and can be ignored.
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ GIT index format
     12-bit name length if the length is less than 0xFFF; otherwise 0xFFF
     is stored in this field.
 
-  (Version 3) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the "extended flag"
-  above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
+  (Version 3 or later) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the
+  "extended flag" above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
 
     1-bit reserved for future
 
@@ -113,9 +113,25 @@ GIT index format
     are encoded in 7-bit ASCII and the encoding cannot contain a NUL
     byte (iow, this is a UNIX pathname).
 
+  (Version 4) In version 4, the entry path name is prefix-compressed
+    relative to the path name for the previous entry (the very first
+    entry is encoded as if the path name for the previous entry is an
+    empty string).  At the beginning of an entry, an integer N in the
+    variable width encoding (the same encoding as the offset is encoded
+    for OFS_DELTA pack entries; see pack-format.txt) is stored, followed
+    by a NUL-terminated string S.  Removing N bytes from the end of the
+    path name for the previous entry, and replacing it with the string S
+    yields the path name for this entry.
+
   1-8 nul bytes as necessary to pad the entry to a multiple of eight bytes
   while keeping the name NUL-terminated.
 
+  (Version 4) In version 4, the padding after the pathname does not
+  exist.
+
+  Interpretation of index entries in split index mode is completely
+  different. See below for details.
+
 == Extensions
 
 === Cached tree
@@ -148,12 +164,13 @@ GIT index format
     this span of index as a tree.
 
   An entry can be in an invalidated state and is represented by having
-  -1 in the entry_count field. In this case, there is no object name
-  and the next entry starts immediately after the newline.
+  a negative number in the entry_count field. In this case, there is no
+  object name and the next entry starts immediately after the newline.
+  When writing an invalid entry, -1 should always be used as entry_count.
 
   The entries are written out in the top-down, depth-first order.  The
   first entry represents the root level of the repository, followed by the
-  first subtree---let's call this A---of the root level (with its name
+  first subtree--let's call this A--of the root level (with its name
   relative to the root level), followed by the first subtree of A (with
   its name relative to A), ...
 
@@ -161,7 +178,7 @@ GIT index format
 
   A conflict is represented in the index as a set of higher stage entries.
   When a conflict is resolved (e.g. with "git add path"), these higher
-  stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resoluton
+  stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resolution
   is added.
 
   When these higher stage entries are removed, they are saved in the
@@ -184,3 +201,97 @@ GIT index format
   - At most three 160-bit object names of the entry in stages from 1 to 3
     (nothing is written for a missing stage).
 
+=== Split index
+
+  In split index mode, the majority of index entries could be stored
+  in a separate file. This extension records the changes to be made on
+  top of that to produce the final index.
+
+  The signature for this extension is { 'l', 'i', 'n', 'k' }.
+
+  The extension consists of:
+
+  - 160-bit SHA-1 of the shared index file. The shared index file path
+    is $GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>. If all 160 bits are zero, the
+    index does not require a shared index file.
+
+  - An ewah-encoded delete bitmap, each bit represents an entry in the
+    shared index. If a bit is set, its corresponding entry in the
+    shared index will be removed from the final index.  Note, because
+    a delete operation changes index entry positions, but we do need
+    original positions in replace phase, it's best to just mark
+    entries for removal, then do a mass deletion after replacement.
+
+  - An ewah-encoded replace bitmap, each bit represents an entry in
+    the shared index. If a bit is set, its corresponding entry in the
+    shared index will be replaced with an entry in this index
+    file. All replaced entries are stored in sorted order in this
+    index. The first "1" bit in the replace bitmap corresponds to the
+    first index entry, the second "1" bit to the second entry and so
+    on. Replaced entries may have empty path names to save space.
+
+  The remaining index entries after replaced ones will be added to the
+  final index. These added entries are also sorted by entry name then
+  stage.
+
+== Untracked cache
+
+  Untracked cache saves the untracked file list and necessary data to
+  verify the cache. The signature for this extension is { 'U', 'N',
+  'T', 'R' }.
+
+  The extension starts with
+
+  - A sequence of NUL-terminated strings, preceded by the size of the
+    sequence in variable width encoding. Each string describes the
+    environment where the cache can be used.
+
+  - Stat data of $GIT_DIR/info/exclude. See "Index entry" section from
+    ctime field until "file size".
+
+  - Stat data of core.excludesfile
+
+  - 32-bit dir_flags (see struct dir_struct)
+
+  - 160-bit SHA-1 of $GIT_DIR/info/exclude. Null SHA-1 means the file
+    does not exist.
+
+  - 160-bit SHA-1 of core.excludesfile. Null SHA-1 means the file does
+    not exist.
+
+  - NUL-terminated string of per-dir exclude file name. This usually
+    is ".gitignore".
+
+  - The number of following directory blocks, variable width
+    encoding. If this number is zero, the extension ends here with a
+    following NUL.
+
+  - A number of directory blocks in depth-first-search order, each
+    consists of
+
+    - The number of untracked entries, variable width encoding.
+
+    - The number of sub-directory blocks, variable width encoding.
+
+    - The directory name terminated by NUL.
+
+    - A number of untracked file/dir names terminated by NUL.
+
+The remaining data of each directory block is grouped by type:
+
+  - An ewah bitmap, the n-th bit marks whether the n-th directory has
+    valid untracked cache entries.
+
+  - An ewah bitmap, the n-th bit records "check-only" bit of
+    read_directory_recursive() for the n-th directory.
+
+  - An ewah bitmap, the n-th bit indicates whether SHA-1 and stat data
+    is valid for the n-th directory and exists in the next data.
+
+  - An array of stat data. The n-th data corresponds with the n-th
+    "one" bit in the previous ewah bitmap.
+
+  - An array of SHA-1. The n-th SHA-1 corresponds with the n-th "one" bit
+    in the previous ewah bitmap.
+
+  - One NUL.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
index 1803e64e46..8e5bf60be3 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT pack format
+Git pack format
 ===============
 
-= pack-*.pack files have the following format:
+== pack-*.pack files have the following format:
 
    - A header appears at the beginning and consists of the following:
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ GIT pack format
          The signature is: {'P', 'A', 'C', 'K'}
 
      4-byte version number (network byte order):
-         GIT currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
+	 Git currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
          generates version 2 only.
 
      4-byte number of objects contained in the pack (network byte order)
@@ -26,15 +26,17 @@ GIT pack format
 
      (deltified representation)
      n-byte type and length (3-bit type, (n-1)*7+4-bit length)
-     20-byte base object name
+     20-byte base object name if OBJ_REF_DELTA or a negative relative
+	 offset from the delta object's position in the pack if this
+	 is an OBJ_OFS_DELTA object
      compressed delta data
 
      Observation: length of each object is encoded in a variable
      length format and is not constrained to 32-bit or anything.
 
-  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA1 checksum of all of the above.
+  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA-1 checksum of all of the above.
 
-= Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
+== Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
 
   - The header consists of 256 4-byte network byte order
     integers.  N-th entry of this table records the number of
@@ -53,10 +55,10 @@ GIT pack format
 
   - The file is concluded with a trailer:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
 
 Pack Idx file:
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
         If it is not DELTA, then deflated bytes (the size above
 		is the size before compression).
 	If it is REF_DELTA, then
-	  20-byte base object name SHA1 (the size above is the
+	  20-byte base object name SHA-1 (the size above is the
 		size of the delta data that follows).
           delta data, deflated.
 	If it is OFS_DELTA, then
@@ -123,8 +125,8 @@ Pack file entry: <+
 
 
 
-= Version 2 pack-*.idx files support packs larger than 4 GiB, and
-  have some other reorganizations.  They have the format:
+== Version 2 pack-*.idx files support packs larger than 4 GiB, and
+   have some other reorganizations.  They have the format:
 
   - A 4-byte magic number '\377tOc' which is an unreasonable
     fanout[0] value.
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
 
   - A 256-entry fan-out table just like v1.
 
-  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA1 object names.  These are
+  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA-1 object names.  These are
     packed together without offset values to reduce the cache
     footprint of the binary search for a specific object name.
 
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
 
   - The same trailer as a v1 pack file:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
index 103eb5d989..95a07db6e8 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-        Concerning Git's Packing Heuristics
-        ===================================
+Concerning Git's Packing Heuristics
+===================================
 
         Oh, here's a really stupid question:
 
                   Where do I go
                to learn the details
-	    of git's packing heuristics?
+	    of Git's packing heuristics?
 
 Be careful what you ask!
 
-Followers of the git, please open the git IRC Log and turn to
+Followers of the Git, please open the Git IRC Log and turn to
 February 10, 2006.
 
 It's a rare occasion, and we are joined by the King Git Himself,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ and seeks enlightenment.  Others are present, but silent.
 Let's listen in!
 
     <njs`> Oh, here's a really stupid question -- where do I go to
-        learn the details of git's packing heuristics?  google avails
+	learn the details of Git's packing heuristics?  google avails
         me not, reading the source didn't help a lot, and wading
         through the whole mailing list seems less efficient than any
         of that.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Ah!  Modesty after all.
 
     <linus> njs, I don't think the docs exist. That's something where
 	 I don't think anybody else than me even really got involved.
-	 Most of the rest of git others have been busy with (especially
+	 Most of the rest of Git others have been busy with (especially
 	 Junio), but packing nobody touched after I did it.
 
 It's cryptic, yet vague.  Linus in style for sure.  Wise men
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Bait...
 
 And switch.  That ought to do it!
 
-    <linus> Remember: git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
+    <linus> Remember: Git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
         - generate a list of all objects
         - sort the list according to magic heuristics
         - walk the list, using a sliding window, seeing if an object
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Ah, grasshopper!  And thus the enlightenment begins anew.
 
     <linus> The "magic" is actually in theory totally arbitrary.
         ANY order will give you a working pack, but no, it's not
-        ordered by SHA1.
+	ordered by SHA-1.
 
         Before talking about the ordering for the sliding delta
         window, let's talk about the recency order. That's more
@@ -366,12 +366,6 @@ been detailed!
 
     <linus> Yes, we always write out most recent first
 
-For the other record:
-
-    <pasky> njs`: http://pastebin.com/547965
-
-The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time.
-
     <njs`> And, yeah, I got the part about deeper-in-history stuff
         having worse IO characteristics, one sort of doesn't care.
 
@@ -382,7 +376,7 @@ The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time.
     <njs`> (if only it happened more...)
 
     <linus> Anyway, the pack-file could easily be denser still, but
-        because it's used both for streaming (the git protocol) and
+	because it's used both for streaming (the Git protocol) and
         for on-disk, it has a few pessimizations.
 
 Actually, it is a made-up word. But it is a made-up word being
@@ -432,12 +426,12 @@ Gasp!  OK, saved.  That's a fair Engineering trade off.  Close call!
 In fact, Linus reflects on some Basic Engineering Fundamentals,
 design options, etc.
 
-    <linus> More importantly, they allow git to still _conceptually_
+    <linus> More importantly, they allow Git to still _conceptually_
         never deal with deltas at all, and be a "whole object" store.
 
         Which has some problems (we discussed bad huge-file
-        behaviour on the git lists the other day), but it does mean
-        that the basic git concepts are really really simple and
+	behaviour on the Git lists the other day), but it does mean
+	that the basic Git concepts are really really simple and
         straightforward.
 
         It's all been quite stable.
@@ -461,6 +455,6 @@ Nuff said.
     <njs`> :-)
 
     <njs`> appreciate the infodump, I really was failing to find the
-        details on git packs :-)
+	details on Git packs :-)
 
 And now you know the rest of the story.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
index 546980c0a4..8b36343802 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 Packfile transfer protocols
 ===========================
 
-Git supports transferring data in packfiles over the ssh://, git:// and
+Git supports transferring data in packfiles over the ssh://, git://, http:// and
 file:// transports.  There exist two sets of protocols, one for pushing
 data from a client to a server and another for fetching data from a
-server to a client.  All three transports (ssh, git, file) use the same
-protocol to transfer data.
+server to a client.  The three transports (ssh, git, file) use the same
+protocol to transfer data. http is documented in http-protocol.txt.
 
 The processes invoked in the canonical Git implementation are 'upload-pack'
 on the server side and 'fetch-pack' on the client side for fetching data;
@@ -14,6 +14,14 @@ data.  The protocol functions to have a server tell a client what is
 currently on the server, then for the two to negotiate the smallest amount
 of data to send in order to fully update one or the other.
 
+pkt-line Format
+---------------
+
+The descriptions below build on the pkt-line format described in
+protocol-common.txt. When the grammar indicate `PKT-LINE(...)`, unless
+otherwise noted the usual pkt-line LF rules apply: the sender SHOULD
+include a LF, but the receiver MUST NOT complain if it is not present.
+
 Transports
 ----------
 There are three transports over which the packfile protocol is
@@ -117,7 +125,7 @@ A few things to remember here:
 - The repository path is always quoted with single quotes.
 
 Fetching Data From a Server
-===========================
+---------------------------
 
 When one Git repository wants to get data that a second repository
 has, the first can 'fetch' from the second.  This operation determines
@@ -134,7 +142,8 @@ with the object name that each reference currently points to.
 
    $ echo -e -n "0039git-upload-pack /schacon/gitbook.git\0host=example.com\0" |
       nc -v example.com 9418
-   00887217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 HEAD\0multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag
+   00887217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 HEAD\0multi_ack thin-pack
+		side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag
    00441d3fcd5ced445d1abc402225c0b8a1299641f497 refs/heads/integration
    003f7217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 refs/heads/master
    003cb88d2441cac0977faf98efc80305012112238d9d refs/tags/v0.9
@@ -142,9 +151,6 @@ with the object name that each reference currently points to.
    003fe92df48743b7bc7d26bcaabfddde0a1e20cae47c refs/tags/v1.0^{}
    0000
 
-Server SHOULD terminate each non-flush line using LF ("\n") terminator;
-client MUST NOT complain if there is no terminator.
-
 The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
 its current value.  The stream MUST be sorted by name according to
 the C locale ordering.
@@ -160,18 +166,21 @@ MUST peel the ref if it's an annotated tag.
 
 ----
   advertised-refs  =  (no-refs / list-of-refs)
+		      *shallow
 		      flush-pkt
 
   no-refs          =  PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}"
-		      NUL capability-list LF)
+		      NUL capability-list)
 
   list-of-refs     =  first-ref *other-ref
   first-ref        =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP refname
-		      NUL capability-list LF)
+		      NUL capability-list)
 
   other-ref        =  PKT-LINE(other-tip / other-peeled)
-  other-tip        =  obj-id SP refname LF
-  other-peeled     =  obj-id SP refname "^{}" LF
+  other-tip        =  obj-id SP refname
+  other-peeled     =  obj-id SP refname "^{}"
+
+  shallow          =  PKT-LINE("shallow" SP obj-id)
 
   capability-list  =  capability *(SP capability)
   capability       =  1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
@@ -208,12 +217,12 @@ out of what the server said it could do with the first 'want' line.
   want-list         =  first-want
 		       *additional-want
 
-  shallow-line      =  PKT_LINE("shallow" SP obj-id)
+  shallow-line      =  PKT-LINE("shallow" SP obj-id)
 
-  depth-request     =  PKT_LINE("deepen" SP depth)
+  depth-request     =  PKT-LINE("deepen" SP depth)
 
-  first-want        =  PKT-LINE("want" SP obj-id SP capability-list LF)
-  additional-want   =  PKT-LINE("want" SP obj-id LF)
+  first-want        =  PKT-LINE("want" SP obj-id SP capability-list)
+  additional-want   =  PKT-LINE("want" SP obj-id)
 
   depth             =  1*DIGIT
 ----
@@ -227,17 +236,16 @@ obtained through ref discovery.
 The client MUST write all obj-ids which it only has shallow copies
 of (meaning that it does not have the parents of a commit) as
 'shallow' lines so that the server is aware of the limitations of
-the client's history. Clients MUST NOT mention an obj-id which
-it does not know exists on the server.
+the client's history.
 
 The client now sends the maximum commit history depth it wants for
 this transaction, which is the number of commits it wants from the
 tip of the history, if any, as a 'deepen' line.  A depth of 0 is the
 same as not making a depth request. The client does not want to receive
-any commits beyond this depth, nor objects needed only to complete
-those commits. Commits whose parents are not received as a result are
-defined as shallow and marked as such in the server. This information
-is sent back to the client in the next step.
+any commits beyond this depth, nor does it want objects needed only to
+complete those commits. Commits whose parents are not received as a
+result are defined as shallow and marked as such in the server. This
+information is sent back to the client in the next step.
 
 Once all the 'want's and 'shallow's (and optional 'deepen') are
 transferred, clients MUST send a flush-pkt, to tell the server side
@@ -259,8 +267,10 @@ a positive depth, this step is skipped.
 ----
 
 If the client has requested a positive depth, the server will compute
-the set of commits which are no deeper than the desired depth, starting
-at the client's wants. The server writes 'shallow' lines for each
+the set of commits which are no deeper than the desired depth. The set
+of commits start at the client's wants.
+
+The server writes 'shallow' lines for each
 commit whose parents will not be sent as a result. The server writes
 an 'unshallow' line for each commit which the client has indicated is
 shallow, but is no longer shallow at the currently requested depth
@@ -279,7 +289,7 @@ so that there is always a block of 32 "in-flight on the wire" at a time.
 		       compute-end
 
   have-list         =  *have-line
-  have-line         =  PKT-LINE("have" SP obj-id LF)
+  have-line         =  PKT-LINE("have" SP obj-id)
   compute-end       =  flush-pkt / PKT-LINE("done")
 ----
 
@@ -333,7 +343,8 @@ during a prior round.  This helps to ensure that at least one common
 ancestor is found before we give up entirely.
 
 Once the 'done' line is read from the client, the server will either
-send a final 'ACK obj-id' or it will send a 'NAK'. The server only sends
+send a final 'ACK obj-id' or it will send a 'NAK'. 'obj-id' is the object
+name of the last commit determined to be common. The server only sends
 ACK after 'done' if there is at least one common base and multi_ack or
 multi_ack_detailed is enabled. The server always sends NAK after 'done'
 if there is no common base found.
@@ -342,16 +353,16 @@ Then the server will start sending its packfile data.
 
 ----
   server-response = *ack_multi ack / nak
-  ack_multi       = PKT-LINE("ACK" SP obj-id ack_status LF)
+  ack_multi       = PKT-LINE("ACK" SP obj-id ack_status)
   ack_status      = "continue" / "common" / "ready"
-  ack             = PKT-LINE("ACK SP obj-id LF)
-  nak             = PKT-LINE("NAK" LF)
+  ack             = PKT-LINE("ACK" SP obj-id)
+  nak             = PKT-LINE("NAK")
 ----
 
 A simple clone may look like this (with no 'have' lines):
 
 ----
-   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\0multi_ack \
+   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d multi_ack \
      side-band-64k ofs-delta\n
    C: 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe\n
    C: 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a\n
@@ -367,7 +378,7 @@ A simple clone may look like this (with no 'have' lines):
 An incremental update (fetch) response might look like this:
 
 ----
-   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\0multi_ack \
+   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d multi_ack \
      side-band-64k ofs-delta\n
    C: 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe\n
    C: 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a\n
@@ -419,7 +430,7 @@ entire packfile without multiplexing.
 
 
 Pushing Data To a Server
-========================
+------------------------
 
 Pushing data to a server will invoke the 'receive-pack' process on the
 server, which will allow the client to tell it which references it should
@@ -459,10 +470,12 @@ contain all the objects that the server will need to complete the new
 references.
 
 ----
-  update-request    =  command-list [pack-file]
+  update-request    =  *shallow ( command-list | push-cert ) [packfile]
 
-  command-list      =  PKT-LINE(command NUL capability-list LF)
-		       *PKT-LINE(command LF)
+  shallow           =  PKT-LINE("shallow" SP obj-id)
+
+  command-list      =  PKT-LINE(command NUL capability-list)
+		       *PKT-LINE(command)
 		       flush-pkt
 
   command           =  create / delete / update
@@ -473,17 +486,32 @@ references.
   old-id            =  obj-id
   new-id            =  obj-id
 
-  pack-file         = "PACK" 28*(OCTET)
+  push-cert         = PKT-LINE("push-cert" NUL capability-list LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("certificate version 0.1" LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("pusher" SP ident LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("pushee" SP url LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("nonce" SP nonce LF)
+		      PKT-LINE(LF)
+		      *PKT-LINE(command LF)
+		      *PKT-LINE(gpg-signature-lines LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("push-cert-end" LF)
+
+  packfile          = "PACK" 28*(OCTET)
 ----
 
 If the receiving end does not support delete-refs, the sending end MUST
 NOT ask for delete command.
 
-The pack-file MUST NOT be sent if the only command used is 'delete'.
+If the receiving end does not support push-cert, the sending end
+MUST NOT send a push-cert command.  When a push-cert command is
+sent, command-list MUST NOT be sent; the commands recorded in the
+push certificate is used instead.
+
+The packfile MUST NOT be sent if the only command used is 'delete'.
 
-A pack-file MUST be sent if either create or update command is used,
+A packfile MUST be sent if either create or update command is used,
 even if the server already has all the necessary objects.  In this
-case the client MUST send an empty pack-file.   The only time this
+case the client MUST send an empty packfile.   The only time this
 is likely to happen is if the client is creating
 a new branch or a tag that points to an existing obj-id.
 
@@ -493,6 +521,35 @@ was being processed (the obj-id is still the same as the old-id), and
 it will run any update hooks to make sure that the update is acceptable.
 If all of that is fine, the server will then update the references.
 
+Push Certificate
+----------------
+
+A push certificate begins with a set of header lines.  After the
+header and an empty line, the protocol commands follow, one per
+line. Note that the trailing LF in push-cert PKT-LINEs is _not_
+optional; it must be present.
+
+Currently, the following header fields are defined:
+
+`pusher` ident::
+	Identify the GPG key in "Human Readable Name <email@address>"
+	format.
+
+`pushee` url::
+	The repository URL (anonymized, if the URL contains
+	authentication material) the user who ran `git push`
+	intended to push into.
+
+`nonce` nonce::
+	The 'nonce' string the receiving repository asked the
+	pushing user to include in the certificate, to prevent
+	replay attacks.
+
+The GPG signature lines are a detached signature for the contents
+recorded in the push certificate before the signature block begins.
+The detached signature is used to certify that the commands were
+given by the pusher, who must be the signer.
+
 Report Status
 -------------
 
@@ -509,12 +566,12 @@ update was successful, or 'ng [refname] [error]' if the update was not.
 		      1*(command-status)
 		      flush-pkt
 
-  unpack-status     = PKT-LINE("unpack" SP unpack-result LF)
+  unpack-status     = PKT-LINE("unpack" SP unpack-result)
   unpack-result     = "ok" / error-msg
 
   command-status    = command-ok / command-fail
-  command-ok        = PKT-LINE("ok" SP refname LF)
-  command-fail      = PKT-LINE("ng" SP refname SP error-msg LF)
+  command-ok        = PKT-LINE("ok" SP refname)
+  command-fail      = PKT-LINE("ng" SP refname SP error-msg)
 
   error-msg         = 1*(OCTECT) ; where not "ok"
 ----
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
index b15517fa06..eaab6b4ac7 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@ was sent.  Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested
 and server advertised.  As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
 NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.
 
-The 'report-status' and 'delete-refs' capabilities are sent and
-recognized by the receive-pack (push to server) process.
+The 'atomic', 'report-status', 'delete-refs', 'quiet', and 'push-cert'
+capabilities are sent and recognized by the receive-pack (push to server)
+process.
 
-The 'ofs-delta' capability is sent and recognized by both upload-pack
-and receive-pack protocols.
+The 'ofs-delta' and 'side-band-64k' capabilities are sent and recognized
+by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols.  The 'agent' capability
+may optionally be sent in both protocols.
 
 All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch
 from server) process.
@@ -68,17 +70,50 @@ ends.
 Without multi_ack the client would have sent that c-b-a chain anyway,
 interleaved with S-R-Q.
 
+multi_ack_detailed
+------------------
+This is an extension of multi_ack that permits client to better
+understand the server's in-memory state. See pack-protocol.txt,
+section "Packfile Negotiation" for more information.
+
+no-done
+-------
+This capability should only be used with the smart HTTP protocol. If
+multi_ack_detailed and no-done are both present, then the sender is
+free to immediately send a pack following its first "ACK obj-id ready"
+message.
+
+Without no-done in the smart HTTP protocol, the server session would
+end and the client has to make another trip to send "done" before
+the server can send the pack. no-done removes the last round and
+thus slightly reduces latency.
+
 thin-pack
 ---------
 
-This capability means that the server can send a 'thin' pack, a pack
-which does not contain base objects; if those base objects are available
-on client side. Client requests 'thin-pack' capability when it
-understands how to "thicken" it by adding required delta bases making
-it self-contained.
+A thin pack is one with deltas which reference base objects not
+contained within the pack (but are known to exist at the receiving
+end). This can reduce the network traffic significantly, but it
+requires the receiving end to know how to "thicken" these packs by
+adding the missing bases to the pack.
+
+The upload-pack server advertises 'thin-pack' when it can generate
+and send a thin pack. A client requests the 'thin-pack' capability
+when it understands how to "thicken" it, notifying the server that
+it can receive such a pack. A client MUST NOT request the
+'thin-pack' capability if it cannot turn a thin pack into a
+self-contained pack.
 
-Client MUST NOT request 'thin-pack' capability if it cannot turn a thin
-pack into a self-contained pack.
+Receive-pack, on the other hand, is assumed by default to be able to
+handle thin packs, but can ask the client not to use the feature by
+advertising the 'no-thin' capability. A client MUST NOT send a thin
+pack if the server advertises the 'no-thin' capability.
+
+The reasons for this asymmetry are historical. The receive-pack
+program did not exist until after the invention of thin packs, so
+historically the reference implementation of receive-pack always
+understood thin packs. Adding 'no-thin' later allowed receive-pack
+to disable the feature in a backwards-compatible manner.
 
 
 side-band, side-band-64k
@@ -123,6 +158,20 @@ Server can send, and client understand PACKv2 with delta referring to
 its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id.  That is, they can
 send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.
 
+agent
+-----
+
+The server may optionally send a capability of the form `agent=X` to
+notify the client that the server is running version `X`. The client may
+optionally return its own agent string by responding with an `agent=Y`
+capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the
+agent capability). The `X` and `Y` strings may contain any printable
+ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and
+are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The
+agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging
+purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programmatically assume the presence
+or absence of particular features.
+
 shallow
 -------
 
@@ -168,7 +217,7 @@ of whether or not there are tags available.
 report-status
 -------------
 
-The upload-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
+The receive-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
 which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after
 a packfile upload and reference update.  If the pushing client requests
 this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server
@@ -185,3 +234,44 @@ it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target
 value of a reference update.  It is not sent back by the client, it
 simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values
 to delete references.
+
+quiet
+-----
+
+If the receive-pack server advertises the 'quiet' capability, it is
+capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may
+be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should
+respond with the 'quiet' capability to suppress server-side progress
+reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed
+(e.g., via `push -q`, or if stderr does not go to a tty).
+
+atomic
+------
+
+If the server sends the 'atomic' capability it is capable of accepting
+atomic pushes. If the pushing client requests this capability, the server
+will update the refs in one atomic transaction. Either all refs are
+updated or none.
+
+allow-tip-sha1-in-want
+----------------------
+
+If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
+send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
+advertised by upload-pack.
+
+allow-reachable-sha1-in-want
+----------------------------
+
+If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
+send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
+advertised by upload-pack.
+
+push-cert=<nonce>
+-----------------
+
+The receive-pack server that advertises this capability is willing
+to accept a signed push certificate, and asks the <nonce> to be
+included in the push certificate.  A send-pack client MUST NOT
+send a push-cert packet unless the receive-pack server advertises
+this capability.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt
index d30a1b9510..bf30167ae3 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ More specifically, they:
 
 . They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose
   values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`,
-  caret `{caret}`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`,
+  caret `^`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`,
   or open bracket `[` anywhere.
 
-. They cannot end with a slash `/` nor a dot `.`.
+. They cannot end with a slash `/` or a dot `.`.
 
 . They cannot end with the sequence `.lock`.
 
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@ A pkt-line MAY contain binary data, so implementors MUST ensure
 pkt-line parsing/formatting routines are 8-bit clean.
 
 A non-binary line SHOULD BE terminated by an LF, which if present
-MUST be included in the total length.
+MUST be included in the total length. Receivers MUST treat pkt-lines
+with non-binary data the same whether or not they contain the trailing
+LF (stripping the LF if present, and not complaining when it is
+missing).
 
 The maximum length of a pkt-line's data component is 65520 bytes.
 Implementations MUST NOT send pkt-line whose length exceeds 65524
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
index 53aa0c82c2..4a8be4d144 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-Use of index and Racy git problem
+Use of index and Racy Git problem
 =================================
 
 Background
 ----------
 
-The index is one of the most important data structures in git.
+The index is one of the most important data structures in Git.
 It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of
 paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to
 write out the next tree object to be committed.  The state is
 "virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and
 often does not, match the files in the working tree.
 
-There are cases git needs to examine the differences between the
+There are cases Git needs to examine the differences between the
 virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the
 working tree.  The most obvious case is when the user asks `git
 diff` (or its low level implementation, `git diff-files`) or
-`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, git internally checks
+`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, Git internally checks
 if the files in the working tree are different from what are
 recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them
 during patch application, switching branches, and merging.
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ In order to speed up this comparison between the files in the
 working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the
 information obtained from the filesystem via `lstat(2)` system
 call when they were last updated.  When checking if they differ,
-git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
+Git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
 with this information (this is what was originally done by the
 `ce_match_stat()` function, but the current code does it in
 `ce_match_stat_basic()` function).  If some of these "cached
-stat information" fields do not match, git can tell that the
+stat information" fields do not match, Git can tell that the
 files are modified without even looking at their contents.
 
 Note: not all members in `struct stat` obtained via `lstat(2)`
 are used for this comparison.  For example, `st_atime` obviously
-is not useful.  Currently, git compares the file type (regular
+is not useful.  Currently, Git compares the file type (regular
 files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular
 files) from `st_mode` member, `st_mtime` and `st_ctime`
 timestamps, `st_uid`, `st_gid`, `st_ino`, and `st_size` members.
@@ -41,15 +41,19 @@ With a `USE_STDEV` compile-time option, `st_dev` is also
 compared, but this is not enabled by default because this member
 is not stable on network filesystems.  With `USE_NSEC`
 compile-time option, `st_mtim.tv_nsec` and `st_ctim.tv_nsec`
-members are also compared, but this is not enabled by default
+members are also compared. On Linux, this is not enabled by default
 because in-core timestamps can have finer granularity than
 on-disk timestamps, resulting in meaningless changes when an
 inode is evicted from the inode cache.  See commit 8ce13b0
 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git
-([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems,
-2005-01-04).
-
-Racy git
+([PATCH] Sync in core time granularity with filesystems,
+2005-01-04). This patch is included in kernel 2.6.11 and newer, but
+only fixes the issue for file systems with exactly 1 ns or 1 s
+resolution. Other file systems are still broken in current Linux
+kernels (e.g. CEPH, CIFS, NTFS, UDF), see
+https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/6/9/714
+
+Racy Git
 --------
 
 There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the
@@ -67,13 +71,13 @@ timestamp does not change, after this sequence, the cached stat
 information the index entry records still exactly match what you
 would see in the filesystem, even though the file `foo` is now
 different.
-This way, git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
+This way, Git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
 are unmodified even though they actually are.  This is called
-the "racy git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
+the "racy Git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
 that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem
 are called "racily clean".
 
-To avoid this problem, git does two things:
+To avoid this problem, Git does two things:
 
 . When the cached stat information says the file has not been
   modified, and the `st_mtime` is the same as (or newer than)
@@ -116,7 +120,7 @@ timestamp comparison check done with the former logic anymore.
 The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for `foo`
 would never match with the file in the working tree, so later
 checks by `ce_match_stat_basic()` would report that the index entry
-does not match the file and git does not have to fall back on more
+does not match the file and Git does not have to fall back on more
 expensive `ce_modified_check_fs()`.
 
 
@@ -135,9 +139,9 @@ them, and give the same timestamp to the index file:
   $ git ls-files | git update-index --stdin
   $ touch -r .datestamp .git/index
 
-This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux-2.6
-project, for example, there are over 20,000 files in the working
-tree.  On my Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
+This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux project, for
+example, there are over 20,000 files in the working tree.  On my
+Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
 
   $ /usr/bin/time git diff-files
   1.68user 0.54system 0:02.22elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
@@ -159,7 +163,7 @@ of the cached stat information.
 Avoiding runtime penalty
 ------------------------
 
-In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 git used
+In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 Git used
 to have a code that made sure the index file
 got timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when
 there are many young files with the same timestamp as the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/repository-version.txt b/Documentation/technical/repository-version.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00ad37986e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/repository-version.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+Git Repository Format Versions
+==============================
+
+Every git repository is marked with a numeric version in the
+`core.repositoryformatversion` key of its `config` file. This version
+specifies the rules for operating on the on-disk repository data. An
+implementation of git which does not understand a particular version
+advertised by an on-disk repository MUST NOT operate on that repository;
+doing so risks not only producing wrong results, but actually losing
+data.
+
+Because of this rule, version bumps should be kept to an absolute
+minimum. Instead, we generally prefer these strategies:
+
+  - bumping format version numbers of individual data files (e.g.,
+    index, packfiles, etc). This restricts the incompatibilities only to
+    those files.
+
+  - introducing new data that gracefully degrades when used by older
+    clients (e.g., pack bitmap files are ignored by older clients, which
+    simply do not take advantage of the optimization they provide).
+
+A whole-repository format version bump should only be part of a change
+that cannot be independently versioned. For instance, if one were to
+change the reachability rules for objects, or the rules for locking
+refs, that would require a bump of the repository format version.
+
+Note that this applies only to accessing the repository's disk contents
+directly. An older client which understands only format `0` may still
+connect via `git://` to a repository using format `1`, as long as the
+server process understands format `1`.
+
+The preferred strategy for rolling out a version bump (whether whole
+repository or for a single file) is to teach git to read the new format,
+and allow writing the new format with a config switch or command line
+option (for experimentation or for those who do not care about backwards
+compatibility with older gits). Then after a long period to allow the
+reading capability to become common, we may switch to writing the new
+format by default.
+
+The currently defined format versions are:
+
+Version `0`
+-----------
+
+This is the format defined by the initial version of git, including but
+not limited to the format of the repository directory, the repository
+configuration file, and the object and ref storage. Specifying the
+complete behavior of git is beyond the scope of this document.
+
+Version `1`
+-----------
+
+This format is identical to version `0`, with the following exceptions:
+
+  1. When reading the `core.repositoryformatversion` variable, a git
+     implementation which supports version 1 MUST also read any
+     configuration keys found in the `extensions` section of the
+     configuration file.
+
+  2. If a version-1 repository specifies any `extensions.*` keys that
+     the running git has not implemented, the operation MUST NOT
+     proceed. Similarly, if the value of any known key is not understood
+     by the implementation, the operation MUST NOT proceed.
+
+Note that if no extensions are specified in the config file, then
+`core.repositoryformatversion` SHOULD be set to `0` (setting it to `1`
+provides no benefit, and makes the repository incompatible with older
+implementations of git).
+
+This document will serve as the master list for extensions. Any
+implementation wishing to define a new extension should make a note of
+it here, in order to claim the name.
+
+The defined extensions are:
+
+`noop`
+~~~~~~
+
+This extension does not change git's behavior at all. It is useful only
+for testing format-1 compatibility.
+
+`preciousObjects`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When the config key `extensions.preciousObjects` is set to `true`,
+objects in the repository MUST NOT be deleted (e.g., by `git-prune` or
+`git repack -d`).
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt b/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
index 681efe4219..9b5a0bc186 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-git-send-pack
-=============
+Git-send-pack internals
+=======================
 
 Overall operation
 -----------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
index 559263af48..5183b15422 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
-Def.: Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
+Shallow commits
+===============
+
+.Definition
+*********************************************************
+Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
 repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that
 these commits have no parents.
+*********************************************************
 
-The basic idea is to write the SHA1s of shallow commits into
+The basic idea is to write the SHA-1s of shallow commits into
 $GIT_DIR/shallow, and handle its contents like the contents
 of $GIT_DIR/info/grafts (with the difference that shallow
 cannot contain parent information).
@@ -12,7 +18,7 @@ even the config, since the user should not touch that file
 at all (even throughout development of the shallow clone, it
 was never manually edited!).
 
-Each line contains exactly one SHA1. When read, a commit_graft
+Each line contains exactly one SHA-1. When read, a commit_graft
 will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
 to discern from user provided grafts.
 
@@ -47,3 +53,6 @@ It also writes an appropriate $GIT_DIR/shallow.
 You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
 repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
 20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.
+
+The special depth 2147483647 (or 0x7fffffff, the largest positive
+number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/signature-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/signature-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c9406a56a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/signature-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+Git signature format
+====================
+
+== Overview
+
+Git uses cryptographic signatures in various places, currently objects (tags,
+commits, mergetags) and transactions (pushes). In every case, the command which
+is about to create an object or transaction determines a payload from that,
+calls gpg to obtain a detached signature for the payload (`gpg -bsa`) and
+embeds the signature into the object or transaction.
+
+Signatures always begin with `-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----`
+and end with `-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----`, unless gpg is told to
+produce RFC1991 signatures which use `MESSAGE` instead of `SIGNATURE`.
+
+The signed payload and the way the signature is embedded depends
+on the type of the object resp. transaction.
+
+== Tag signatures
+
+- created by: `git tag -s`
+- payload: annotated tag object
+- embedding: append the signature to the unsigned tag object
+- example: tag `signedtag` with subject `signed tag`
+
+----
+object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
+type commit
+tag signedtag
+tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000
+
+signed tag
+
+signed tag message body
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+Version: GnuPG v1
+
+iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn
+rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh
+8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods
+q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0
+rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x
+lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E=
+=jpXa
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
+----
+
+- verify with: `git verify-tag [-v]` or `git tag -v`
+
+----
+gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
+gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
+gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
+gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
+Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
+object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
+type commit
+tag signedtag
+tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000
+
+signed tag
+
+signed tag message body
+----
+
+== Commit signatures
+
+- created by: `git commit -S`
+- payload: commit object
+- embedding: header entry `gpgsig`
+  (content is preceded by a space)
+- example: commit with subject `signed commit`
+
+----
+tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332
+parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465981137 +0000
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981137 +0000
+gpgsig -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+ Version: GnuPG v1
+
+ iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRjRAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJ3IwIAIY4SA6GxY3BjL60YyvsJPh/
+ HRCJwH+w7wt3Yc/9/bW2F+gF72kdHOOs2jfv+OZhq0q4OAN6fvVSczISY/82LpS7
+ DVdMQj2/YcHDT4xrDNBnXnviDO9G7am/9OE77kEbXrp7QPxvhjkicHNwy2rEflAA
+ zn075rtEERDHr8nRYiDh8eVrefSO7D+bdQ7gv+7GsYMsd2auJWi1dHOSfTr9HIF4
+ HJhWXT9d2f8W+diRYXGh4X0wYiGg6na/soXc+vdtDYBzIxanRqjg8jCAeo1eOTk1
+ EdTwhcTZlI0x5pvJ3H0+4hA2jtldVtmPM4OTB0cTrEWBad7XV6YgiyuII73Ve3I=
+ =jKHM
+ -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+signed commit
+
+signed commit message body
+----
+
+- verify with: `git verify-commit [-v]` (or `git show --show-signature`)
+
+----
+gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:58:57 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
+gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
+gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
+gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
+Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
+tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332
+parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465981137 +0000
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981137 +0000
+
+signed commit
+
+signed commit message body
+----
+
+== Mergetag signatures
+
+- created by: `git merge` on signed tag
+- payload/embedding: the whole signed tag object is embedded into
+  the (merge) commit object as header entry `mergetag`
+- example: merge of the signed tag `signedtag` as above
+
+----
+tree c7b1cff039a93f3600a1d18b82d26688668c7dea
+parent c33429be94b5f2d3ee9b0adad223f877f174b05d
+parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465982009 +0000
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465982009 +0000
+mergetag object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
+ type commit
+ tag signedtag
+ tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000
+
+ signed tag
+
+ signed tag message body
+ -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+ Version: GnuPG v1
+
+ iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn
+ rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh
+ 8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods
+ q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0
+ rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x
+ lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E=
+ =jpXa
+ -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream
+
+signed tag
+
+signed tag message body
+
+# gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
+# gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
+# gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
+# gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
+# Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
+----
+
+- verify with: verification is embedded in merge commit message by default,
+  alternatively with `git show --show-signature`:
+
+----
+commit 9863f0c76ff78712b6800e199a46aa56afbcbd49
+merged tag 'signedtag'
+gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
+gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
+gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
+gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
+Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
+Merge: c33429b 04b8717
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Wed Jun 15 09:13:29 2016 +0000
+
+    Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream
+
+    signed tag
+
+    signed tag message body
+
+    # gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
+    # gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
+    # gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
+    # gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
+    # Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
+----
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt b/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
index 24c84100b0..c79d4a7c47 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
@@ -74,24 +74,24 @@ For multiple ancestors, a '+' means that this case applies even if
 only one ancestor or remote fits; a '^' means all of the ancestors
 must be the same.
 
-case  ancest    head    remote    result
-----------------------------------------
-1     (empty)+  (empty) (empty)   (empty)
-2ALT  (empty)+  *empty* remote    remote
-2     (empty)^  (empty) remote    no merge
-3ALT  (empty)+  head    *empty*   head
-3     (empty)^  head    (empty)   no merge
-4     (empty)^  head    remote    no merge
-5ALT  *         head    head      head
-6     ancest+   (empty) (empty)   no merge
-8     ancest^   (empty) ancest    no merge
-7     ancest+   (empty) remote    no merge
-10    ancest^   ancest  (empty)   no merge
-9     ancest+   head    (empty)   no merge
-16    anc1/anc2 anc1    anc2      no merge
-13    ancest+   head    ancest    head
-14    ancest+   ancest  remote    remote
-11    ancest+   head    remote    no merge
+ case  ancest    head    remote    result
+ ----------------------------------------
+ 1     (empty)+  (empty) (empty)   (empty)
+ 2ALT  (empty)+  *empty* remote    remote
+ 2     (empty)^  (empty) remote    no merge
+ 3ALT  (empty)+  head    *empty*   head
+ 3     (empty)^  head    (empty)   no merge
+ 4     (empty)^  head    remote    no merge
+ 5ALT  *         head    head      head
+ 6     ancest+   (empty) (empty)   no merge
+ 8     ancest^   (empty) ancest    no merge
+ 7     ancest+   (empty) remote    no merge
+ 10    ancest^   ancest  (empty)   no merge
+ 9     ancest+   head    (empty)   no merge
+ 16    anc1/anc2 anc1    anc2      no merge
+ 13    ancest+   head    ancest    head
+ 14    ancest+   ancest  remote    remote
+ 11    ancest+   head    remote    no merge
 
 Only #2ALT and #3ALT use *empty*, because these are the only cases
 where there can be conflicts that didn't exist before. Note that we
diff --git a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
index 00f7e79c44..bd184cd653 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ REMOTES[[REMOTES]]
 The name of one of the following can be used instead
 of a URL as `<repository>` argument:
 
-* a remote in the git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
+* a remote in the Git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/branches` directory.
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ The `<pushurl>` is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults
 to `<url>`.
 
 Named file in `$GIT_DIR/remotes`
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can choose to provide the name of a
 file in `$GIT_DIR/remotes`.  The URL
diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt
index 289019478d..b05da95788 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls.txt
@@ -6,30 +6,41 @@ address of the remote server, and the path to the repository.
 Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
 absent.
 
-Git natively supports ssh, git, http, https, ftp, ftps, and rsync
-protocols. The following syntaxes may be used with them:
+Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp,
+and ftps can be used for fetching, but this is inefficient and
+deprecated; do not use it).
+
+The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and
+should be used with caution on unsecured networks.
+
+The following syntaxes may be used with them:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - http{startsb}s{endsb}://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - ftp{startsb}s{endsb}://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
-- rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
 
 An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:
 
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
 
+This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the
+first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a
+colon. For example the local path `foo:bar` could be specified as an
+absolute path or `./foo:bar` to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh
+url.
+
 The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 
-For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following
+For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
 syntaxes may be used:
 
 - /path/to/repo.git/
-- file:///path/to/repo.git/
+- \file:///path/to/repo.git/
 
 ifndef::git-clone[]
 These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
@@ -42,7 +53,7 @@ These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except the former implies
 --local option.
 endif::git-clone[]
 
-When git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
+When Git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
 attempts to use the 'remote-<transport>' remote helper, if one
 exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
 may be used:
@@ -51,7 +62,7 @@ may be used:
 
 where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
 URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
-invoked. See linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1] for details.
+invoked. See linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1] for details.
 
 If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
 you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.conf b/Documentation/user-manual.conf
index 339b30919e..d87294de2f 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.conf
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.conf
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ifdef::backend-docbook[]
 # "unbreak" docbook-xsl v1.68 for manpages. v1.69 works with or without this.
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 |
 </literallayout>
 {title#}</example>
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
index f13a846131..5e07454572 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-Git User's Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)
-______________________________________________
-
+Git User Manual
+===============
 
 Git is a fast distributed revision control system.
 
 This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
-command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git.
+command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.
 
 <<repositories-and-branches>> and <<exploring-git-history>> explain how
 to fetch and study a project using git--read these chapters to learn how
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ Further chapters cover more specialized topics.
 
 Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man
 pages, or linkgit:git-help[1] command.  For example, for the command
-"git clone <repo>", you can either use:
+`git clone <repo>`, you can either use:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ man git-clone
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ $ git help clone
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of git commands,
+See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of Git commands,
 without any explanation.
 
 Finally, see <<todo>> for ways that you can help make this manual more
@@ -46,10 +45,10 @@ Repositories and Branches
 =========================
 
 [[how-to-get-a-git-repository]]
-How to get a git repository
+How to get a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
-It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you
+It will be useful to have a Git repository to experiment with as you
 read this manual.
 
 The best way to get one is by using the linkgit:git-clone[1] command to
@@ -57,20 +56,20 @@ download a copy of an existing repository.  If you don't already have a
 project in mind, here are some interesting examples:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-	# git itself (approx. 10MB download):
+	# Git itself (approx. 40MB download):
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
-	# the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download):
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
+	# the Linux kernel (approx. 640MB download):
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you
 will only need to clone once.
 
-The clone command creates a new directory named after the project ("git"
-or "linux-2.6" in the examples above).  After you cd into this
+The clone command creates a new directory named after the project
+(`git` or `linux` in the examples above).  After you cd into this
 directory, you will see that it contains a copy of the project files,
 called the <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, together with a special
-top-level directory named ".git", which contains all the information
+top-level directory named `.git`, which contains all the information
 about the history of the project.
 
 [[how-to-check-out]]
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ How to check out a different version of a project
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection
 of files.  It stores the history as a compressed collection of
-interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In git each such
+interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In Git each such
 version is called a <<def_commit,commit>>.
 
 Those snapshots aren't necessarily all arranged in a single line from
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ oldest to newest; instead, work may simultaneously proceed along
 parallel lines of development, called <<def_branch,branches>>, which may
 merge and diverge.
 
-A single git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
+A single Git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
 does this by keeping a list of <<def_head,heads>> which reference the
 latest commit on each branch; the linkgit:git-branch[1] command shows
 you the list of branch heads:
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ As you can see, a commit shows who made the latest change, what they
 did, and why.
 
 Every commit has a 40-hexdigit id, sometimes called the "object name" or the
-"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the "git show" output.  You can usually
+"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the `git show` output.  You can usually
 refer to a commit by a shorter name, such as a tag or a branch name, but this
 longer name can also be useful.  Most importantly, it is a globally unique
 name for this commit: so if you tell somebody else the object name (for
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ has that commit at all).  Since the object name is computed as a hash over the
 contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change
 without its name also changing.
 
-In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in git
+In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in Git
 history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object
 with a name that is a hash of its contents.
 
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ parent commit which shows what happened before this commit.
 Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the
 beginning of the project.
 
-However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of
+However, the commits do not form a simple list; Git allows lines of
 development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two
 lines of development reconverge is called a "merge".  The commit
 representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with
@@ -219,8 +218,8 @@ each parent representing the most recent commit on one of the lines
 of development leading to that point.
 
 The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1]
-command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge
-commits will help understand how the git organizes history.
+command; running gitk now on a Git repository and looking for merge
+commits will help understand how Git organizes history.
 
 In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y
 if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y.  Equivalently, you could say
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ leading from commit Y to commit X.
 Understanding history: History diagrams
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one
+We will sometimes represent Git history using diagrams like the one
 below.  Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with
 lines drawn with - / and \.  Time goes left to right:
 
@@ -268,35 +267,31 @@ Manipulating branches
 Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's
 a summary of the commands:
 
-git branch::
-	list all branches
-git branch <branch>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing the same
-	point in history as the current branch
-git branch <branch> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing
-	<start-point>, which may be specified any way you like,
-	including using a branch name or a tag name
-git branch -d <branch>::
-	delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting
-	points to a commit which is not reachable from the current
-	branch, this command will fail with a warning.
-git branch -D <branch>::
-	even if the branch points to a commit not reachable
-	from the current branch, you may know that that commit
-	is still reachable from some other branch or tag.  In that
-	case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete
-	the branch.
-git checkout <branch>::
-	make the current branch <branch>, updating the working
-	directory to reflect the version referenced by <branch>
-git checkout -b <new> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch <new> referencing <start-point>, and
+`git branch`::
+	list all branches.
+`git branch <branch>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing the same
+	point in history as the current branch.
+`git branch <branch> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing
+	`<start-point>`, which may be specified any way you like,
+	including using a branch name or a tag name.
+`git branch -d <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>`; if the branch is not fully
+	merged in its upstream branch or contained in the current branch,
+	this command will fail with a warning.
+`git branch -D <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>` irrespective of its merged status.
+`git checkout <branch>`::
+	make the current branch `<branch>`, updating the working
+	directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>`.
+`git checkout -b <new> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch `<new>` referencing `<start-point>`, and
 	check it out.
 
 The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current
-branch.  In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to
-remember which branch is current:
+branch.  In fact, Git uses a file named `HEAD` in the `.git` directory
+to remember which branch is current:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/HEAD
@@ -313,10 +308,17 @@ referenced by a tag:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout v2.6.17
-Note: moving to "v2.6.17" which isn't a local branch
-If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
-(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
-  git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
+Note: checking out 'v2.6.17'.
+
+You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
+changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
+state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
+
+If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
+do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+
+  git checkout -b new_branch_name
+
 HEAD is now at 427abfa... Linux v2.6.17
 ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@ and git branch shows that you are no longer on a branch:
 $ cat .git/HEAD
 427abfa28afedffadfca9dd8b067eb6d36bac53f
 $ git branch
-* (no branch)
+* (detached from v2.6.17)
   master
 ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ of the HEAD in the repository that you cloned from.  That repository
 may also have had other branches, though, and your local repository
 keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, called
 remote-tracking branches, which you
-can view using the "-r" option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
+can view using the `-r` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
@@ -364,7 +366,7 @@ In this example, "origin" is called a remote repository, or "remote"
 for short. The branches of this repository are called "remote
 branches" from our point of view. The remote-tracking branches listed
 above were created based on the remote branches at clone time and will
-be updated by "git fetch" (hence "git pull") and "git push". See
+be updated by `git fetch` (hence `git pull`) and `git push`. See
 <<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch>> for details.
 
 You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches
@@ -374,10 +376,10 @@ on a branch of your own, just as you would for a tag:
 $ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also check out "origin/todo" directly to examine it or
+You can also check out `origin/todo` directly to examine it or
 write a one-off patch.  See <<detached-head,detached head>>.
 
-Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default
+Note that the name "origin" is just the name that Git uses by default
 to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
 
 [[how-git-stores-references]]
@@ -386,17 +388,17 @@ Naming branches, tags, and other references
 
 Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to
 commits.  All references are named with a slash-separated path name
-starting with "refs"; the names we've been using so far are actually
+starting with `refs`; the names we've been using so far are actually
 shorthand:
 
-	- The branch "test" is short for "refs/heads/test".
-	- The tag "v2.6.18" is short for "refs/tags/v2.6.18".
-	- "origin/master" is short for "refs/remotes/origin/master".
+	- The branch `test` is short for `refs/heads/test`.
+	- The tag `v2.6.18` is short for `refs/tags/v2.6.18`.
+	- `origin/master` is short for `refs/remotes/origin/master`.
 
 The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever
 exists a tag and a branch with the same name.
 
-(Newly created refs are actually stored in the .git/refs directory,
+(Newly created refs are actually stored in the `.git/refs` directory,
 under the path given by their name.  However, for efficiency reasons
 they may also be packed together in a single file; see
 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]).
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ As another useful shortcut, the "HEAD" of a repository can be referred
 to just using the name of that repository.  So, for example, "origin"
 is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
 
-For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
+For the complete list of paths which Git checks for references, and
 the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
 references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
 REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
@@ -414,12 +416,11 @@ REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 Updating a repository with git fetch
 ------------------------------------
 
-Eventually the developer cloned from will do additional work in her
-repository, creating new commits and advancing the branches to point
-at the new commits.
+After you clone a repository and commit a few changes of your own, you
+may wish to check the original repository for updates.
 
-The command "git fetch", with no arguments, will update all of the
-remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in her
+The `git-fetch` command, with no arguments, will update all of the
+remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in the original
 repository.  It will not touch any of your own branches--not even the
 "master" branch that was created for you on clone.
 
@@ -431,43 +432,49 @@ You can also track branches from repositories other than the one you
 cloned from, using linkgit:git-remote[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
-$ git fetch linux-nfs
-* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
-  commit: bf81b46
+$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git
+$ git fetch staging
+...
+From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
+ * [new branch]      master     -> staging/master
+ * [new branch]      staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus
+ * [new branch]      staging-next -> staging/staging-next
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 New remote-tracking branches will be stored under the shorthand name
-that you gave "git remote add", in this case linux-nfs:
+that you gave `git remote add`, in this case `staging`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
-linux-nfs/master
-origin/master
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  staging/master
+  staging/staging-linus
+  staging/staging-next
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the remote-tracking branches for the
-named <remote> will be updated.
+If you run `git fetch <remote>` later, the remote-tracking branches
+for the named `<remote>` will be updated.
 
-If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added
+If you examine the file `.git/config`, you will see that Git has added
 a new stanza:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/config
 ...
-[remote "linux-nfs"]
-	url = git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
-	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/linux-nfs/*
+[remote "staging"]
+	url = git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/staging/*
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-This is what causes git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
-or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a
+This is what causes Git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
+or delete these configuration options by editing `.git/config` with a
 text editor.  (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
 linkgit:git-config[1] for details.)
 
 [[exploring-git-history]]
-Exploring git history
+Exploring Git history
 =====================
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a
@@ -499,7 +506,7 @@ Bisecting: 3537 revisions left to test after this
 [65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that git has
+If you run `git branch` at this point, you'll see that Git has
 temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any
 branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934...) that
 is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it,
@@ -511,7 +518,7 @@ Bisecting: 1769 revisions left to test after this
 [7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling git at each
+checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling Git at each
 stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice
 that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in
 half each time.
@@ -545,24 +552,24 @@ id, and check it out with:
 $ git reset --hard fb47ddb2db...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then test, run "bisect good" or "bisect bad" as appropriate, and
+then test, run `bisect good` or `bisect bad` as appropriate, and
 continue.
 
-Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard
-fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip
+Instead of `git bisect visualize` and then `git reset --hard
+fb47ddb2db...`, you might just want to tell Git that you want to skip
 the current commit:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect skip
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first
+In this case, though, Git may not eventually be able to tell the first
 bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit.
 
 There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a
 test script that can tell a good from a bad commit. See
-linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other "git
-bisect" features.
+linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other `git
+bisect` features.
 
 [[naming-commits]]
 Naming commits
@@ -591,7 +598,7 @@ $ git show HEAD~4   # the great-great-grandparent
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Recall that merge commits may have more than one parent; by default,
-^ and ~ follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
+`^` and `~` follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
 also choose:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -640,7 +647,7 @@ running
 $ git tag stable-1 1b2e1d63ff
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
+You can use `stable-1` to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
 
 This creates a "lightweight" tag.  If you would also like to include a
 comment with the tag, and possibly sign it cryptographically, then you
@@ -669,7 +676,7 @@ $ git log -S'foo()'	# commits which add or remove any file data
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 And of course you can combine all of these; the following finds
-commits since v2.5 which touch the Makefile or any file under fs:
+commits since v2.5 which touch the `Makefile` or any file under `fs`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/
@@ -681,11 +688,11 @@ You can also ask git log to show patches:
 $ git log -p
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the "--pretty" option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
+See the `--pretty` option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
 display options.
 
 Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works
-backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain
+backwards through the parents; however, since Git history can contain
 multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that
 commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.
 
@@ -732,7 +739,7 @@ $ git show v2.5:fs/locks.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it
-may be any path to a file tracked by git.
+may be any path to a file tracked by Git.
 
 [[history-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -742,8 +749,8 @@ Examples
 Counting the number of commits on a branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on "mybranch"
-since it diverged from "origin":
+Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on `mybranch`
+since it diverged from `origin`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --pretty=oneline origin..mybranch | wc -l
@@ -780,9 +787,9 @@ $ git rev-list master
 e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you could recall that the ... operator selects all commits
-contained reachable from either one reference or the other but not
-both: so
+Or you could recall that the `...` operator selects all commits
+reachable from either one reference or the other but not
+both; so
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log origin...master
@@ -808,7 +815,7 @@ You could just visually inspect the commits since e05db0fd:
 $ gitk e05db0fd..
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
+or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
 name based on any tag it finds pointing to one of the commit's
 descendants:
 
@@ -852,8 +859,8 @@ because it outputs only commits that are not reachable from v1.5.0-rc1.
 
 As yet another alternative, the linkgit:git-show-branch[1] command lists
 the commits reachable from its arguments with a display on the left-hand
-side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.  So,
-you can run something like
+side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.
+So, if you run something like
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show-branch e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc0 v1.5.0-rc1 v1.5.0-rc2
@@ -865,22 +872,22 @@ available
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then search for a line that looks like
+then a line like
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 + ++ [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if
 available
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Which shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1, and
-from v1.5.0-rc2, but not from v1.5.0-rc0.
+shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1,
+and from v1.5.0-rc2, and not from v1.5.0-rc0.
 
 [[showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch]]
 Showing commits unique to a given branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Suppose you would like to see all the commits reachable from the branch
-head named "master" but not from any other head in your repository.
+head named `master` but not from any other head in your repository.
 
 We can list all the heads in this repository with
 linkgit:git-show-ref[1]:
@@ -894,7 +901,7 @@ a07157ac624b2524a059a3414e99f6f44bebc1e7 refs/heads/master
 1e87486ae06626c2f31eaa63d26fc0fd646c8af2 refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-We can get just the branch-head names, and remove "master", with
+We can get just the branch-head names, and remove `master`, with
 the help of the standard utilities cut and grep:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -931,11 +938,20 @@ The linkgit:git-archive[1] command can create a tar or zip archive from
 any version of a project; for example:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+$ git archive -o latest.tar.gz --prefix=project/ HEAD
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will use HEAD to produce a tar archive in which each filename is
-preceded by "project/".
+will use HEAD to produce a gzipped tar archive in which each filename
+is preceded by `project/`.  The output file format is inferred from
+the output file extension if possible, see linkgit:git-archive[1] for
+details.
+
+Versions of Git older than 1.7.7 don't know about the `tar.gz` format,
+you'll need to use gzip explicitly:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 If you're releasing a new version of a software project, you may want
 to simultaneously make a changelog to include in the release
@@ -984,16 +1000,23 @@ student.  The linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-diff-tree[1], and
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful.
 
 [[Developing-With-git]]
-Developing with git
+Developing with Git
 ===================
 
 [[telling-git-your-name]]
-Telling git your name
+Telling Git your name
 ---------------------
 
-Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git.  The
-easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a
-file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
+Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to Git.
+The easiest way to do so is to use linkgit:git-config[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global user.name 'Your Name Comes Here'
+$ git config --global user.email 'you@yourdomain.example.com'
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Which will add the following to a file named `.gitconfig` in your
+home directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 [user]
@@ -1001,8 +1024,9 @@ file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
 	email = you@yourdomain.example.com
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details on the configuration file.)
+See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
+details on the configuration file.  The file is plain text, so you can
+also edit it with your favorite editor.
 
 
 [[creating-a-new-repository]]
@@ -1035,35 +1059,29 @@ Creating a new commit takes three steps:
 
 	1. Making some changes to the working directory using your
 	   favorite editor.
-	2. Telling git about your changes.
-	3. Creating the commit using the content you told git about
+	2. Telling Git about your changes.
+	3. Creating the commit using the content you told Git about
 	   in step 2.
 
 In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many
 times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed
-at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
+at step 3, Git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
 special staging area called "the index."
 
 At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to
-that of the HEAD.  The command "git diff --cached", which shows
+that of the HEAD.  The command `git diff --cached`, which shows
 the difference between the HEAD and the index, should therefore
 produce no output at that point.
 
 Modifying the index is easy:
 
-To update the index with the new contents of a modified file, use
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git add path/to/file
--------------------------------------------------
-
-To add the contents of a new file to the index, use
+To update the index with the contents of a new or modified file, use
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git add path/to/file
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-To remove a file from the index and from the working tree,
+To remove a file from the index and from the working tree, use
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git rm path/to/file
@@ -1084,7 +1102,7 @@ $ git diff
 
 shows the difference between the working tree and the index file.
 
-Note that "git add" always adds just the current contents of a file
+Note that `git add` always adds just the current contents of a file
 to the index; further changes to the same file will be ignored unless
 you run `git add` on the file again.
 
@@ -1094,7 +1112,7 @@ When you're ready, just run
 $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
+and Git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
 commit.  Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1136,24 +1154,28 @@ Creating good commit messages
 Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough
-description.  Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use
-the first line on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the
-body.
+description.  The text up to the first blank line in a commit
+message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
+rest of the commit in the body.
+
 
 [[ignoring-files]]
 Ignoring files
 --------------
 
-A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git.
+A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with Git.
 This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary
-backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git
+backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with Git
 is just a matter of 'not' calling `git add` on them. But it quickly becomes
 annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make
 `git add .` practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of
 `git status`.
 
-You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore
-in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as:
+You can tell Git to ignore certain files by creating a file called
+`.gitignore` in the top level of your working directory, with contents
+such as:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 # Lines starting with '#' are considered comments.
@@ -1177,10 +1199,10 @@ for other users who clone your repository.
 
 If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories
 (instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put
-them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file
-specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.  Some git
-commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line.
-See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
+them in a file in your repository named `.git/info/exclude`, or in any
+file specified by the `core.excludesFile` configuration variable.
+Some Git commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the
+command line.  See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
 
 [[how-to-merge]]
 How to merge
@@ -1193,10 +1215,10 @@ linkgit:git-merge[1]:
 $ git merge branchname
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-merges the development in the branch "branchname" into the current
+merges the development in the branch `branchname` into the current
 branch.
 
-A merge is made by combining the changes made in "branchname" and the
+A merge is made by combining the changes made in `branchname` and the
 changes made up to the latest commit in your current branch since
 their histories forked. The work tree is overwritten by the result of
 the merge when this combining is done cleanly, or overwritten by a
@@ -1224,7 +1246,7 @@ Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
 
 Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after
 you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index
-with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when
+with the contents and run Git commit, as you normally would when
 creating a new file.
 
 If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it
@@ -1235,7 +1257,7 @@ one to the top of the other branch.
 Resolving a merge
 -----------------
 
-When a merge isn't resolved automatically, git leaves the index and
+When a merge isn't resolved automatically, Git leaves the index and
 the working tree in a special state that gives you all the
 information you need to help resolve the merge.
 
@@ -1271,14 +1293,14 @@ some information about the merge.  Normally you can just use this
 default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of
 your own if desired.
 
-The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But git
+The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But Git
 also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:
 
 [[conflict-resolution]]
 Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are
+All of the changes that Git was able to merge automatically are
 already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only
 the conflicts.  It uses an unusual syntax:
 
@@ -1318,7 +1340,7 @@ that part is not conflicting and is not shown.  Same for stage 3).
 
 The diff above shows the differences between the working-tree version of
 file.txt and the stage 2 and stage 3 versions.  So instead of preceding
-each line by a single "+" or "-", it now uses two columns: the first
+each line by a single `+` or `-`, it now uses two columns: the first
 column is used for differences between the first parent and the working
 directory copy, and the second for differences between the second parent
 and the working directory copy.  (See the "COMBINED DIFF FORMAT" section
@@ -1409,11 +1431,11 @@ differently.  Normally, a merge results in a merge commit, with two
 parents, one pointing at each of the two lines of development that
 were merged.
 
-However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every
-commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git
-just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved
-forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new
-commits being created.
+However, if the current branch is an ancestor of the other--so every commit
+present in the current branch is already contained in the other branch--then Git
+just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved forward
+to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new commits being
+created.
 
 [[fixing-mistakes]]
 Fixing mistakes
@@ -1436,7 +1458,7 @@ fundamentally different ways to fix the problem:
 
 	2. You can go back and modify the old commit.  You should
 	never do this if you have already made the history public;
-	git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
+	Git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
 	change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from
 	a branch that has had its history changed.
 
@@ -1461,7 +1483,7 @@ You can also revert an earlier change, for example, the next-to-last:
 $ git revert HEAD^
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
+In this case Git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
 intact any changes made since then.  If more recent changes overlap
 with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix
 conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge,
@@ -1469,7 +1491,7 @@ resolving a merge>>.
 
 [[fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history]]
 Fixing a mistake by rewriting history
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 If the problematic commit is the most recent commit, and you have not
 yet made that commit public, then you may just
@@ -1558,18 +1580,12 @@ $ git stash pop
 Ensuring good performance
 -------------------------
 
-On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
-information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.
-
-This compression is not performed automatically.  Therefore you
-should occasionally run linkgit:git-gc[1]:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git gc
--------------------------------------------------
-
-to recompress the archive.  This can be very time-consuming, so
-you may prefer to run `git gc` when you are not doing other work.
+On large repositories, Git depends on compression to keep the history
+information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.  Some
+Git commands may automatically run linkgit:git-gc[1], so you don't
+have to worry about running it manually.  However, compressing a large
+repository may take a while, so you may want to call `gc` explicitly
+to avoid automatic compression kicking in when it is not convenient.
 
 
 [[ensuring-reliability]]
@@ -1582,7 +1598,7 @@ Checking the repository for corruption
 
 The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command runs a number of self-consistency checks
 on the repository, and reports on any problems.  This may take some
-time.  The most common warning by far is about "dangling" objects:
+time.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git fsck
@@ -1597,9 +1613,11 @@ dangling tree b24c2473f1fd3d91352a624795be026d64c8841f
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Dangling objects are not a problem.  At worst they may take up a little
-extra disk space.  They can sometimes provide a last-resort method for
-recovering lost work--see <<dangling-objects>> for details.
+You will see informational messages on dangling objects. They are objects
+that still exist in the repository but are no longer referenced by any of
+your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with `gc`.
+You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still
+view real errors.
 
 [[recovering-lost-changes]]
 Recovering lost changes
@@ -1609,11 +1627,11 @@ Recovering lost changes
 Reflogs
 ^^^^^^^
 
-Say you modify a branch with `linkgit:git-reset[1] --hard`, and then
-realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
-history.
+Say you modify a branch with <<fixing-mistakes,`git reset --hard`>>,
+and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to
+that point in history.
 
-Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
+Fortunately, Git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
 previous values of each branch.  So in this case you can still find the
 old history using, for example,
 
@@ -1622,8 +1640,8 @@ $ git log master@{1}
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the
-"master" branch head.  This syntax can be used with any git command
-that accepts a commit, not just with git log.  Some other examples:
+`master` branch head.  This syntax can be used with any Git command
+that accepts a commit, not just with `git log`.  Some other examples:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show master@{2}		# See where the branch pointed 2,
@@ -1648,7 +1666,7 @@ pruned.  See linkgit:git-reflog[1] and linkgit:git-gc[1] to learn
 how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for details.
 
-Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history.
+Note that the reflog history is very different from normal Git history.
 While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the
 same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about
 how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.
@@ -1727,8 +1745,8 @@ one step:
 $ git pull origin master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then this branch has been
-configured by "git clone" to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
+In fact, if you have `master` checked out, then this branch has been
+configured by `git clone` to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
 origin repository.  So often you can
 accomplish the above with just a simple
 
@@ -1743,11 +1761,11 @@ the current branch.
 More generally, a branch that is created from a remote-tracking branch
 will pull
 by default from that branch.  See the descriptions of the
-branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
+`branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge` options in
 linkgit:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
 linkgit:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
 
-In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
+In addition to saving you keystrokes, `git pull` also helps you by
 producing a default commit message documenting the branch and
 repository that you pulled from.
 
@@ -1755,7 +1773,7 @@ repository that you pulled from.
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; instead, your branch will just be
 updated to point to the latest commit from the upstream branch.)
 
-The `git pull` command can also be given "." as the "remote" repository,
+The `git pull` command can also be given `.` as the "remote" repository,
 in which case it just merges in a branch from the current repository; so
 the commands
 
@@ -1764,7 +1782,7 @@ $ git pull . branch
 $ git merge branch
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-are roughly equivalent.  The former is actually very commonly used.
+are roughly equivalent.
 
 [[submitting-patches]]
 Submitting patches to a project
@@ -1780,13 +1798,20 @@ $ git format-patch origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 will produce a numbered series of files in the current directory, one
-for each patch in the current branch but not in origin/HEAD.
+for each patch in the current branch but not in `origin/HEAD`.
+
+`git format-patch` can include an initial "cover letter". You can insert
+commentary on individual patches after the three dash line which
+`format-patch` places after the commit message but before the patch
+itself.  If you use `git notes` to track your cover letter material,
+`git format-patch --notes` will include the commit's notes in a similar
+manner.
 
 You can then import these into your mail client and send them by
 hand.  However, if you have a lot to send at once, you may prefer to
 use the linkgit:git-send-email[1] script to automate the process.
-Consult the mailing list for your project first to determine how they
-prefer such patches be handled.
+Consult the mailing list for your project first to determine
+their requirements for submitting patches.
 
 [[importing-patches]]
 Importing patches to a project
@@ -1795,7 +1820,7 @@ Importing patches to a project
 Git also provides a tool called linkgit:git-am[1] (am stands for
 "apply mailbox"), for importing such an emailed series of patches.
 Just save all of the patch-containing messages, in order, into a
-single mailbox file, say "patches.mbox", then run
+single mailbox file, say `patches.mbox`, then run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git am -3 patches.mbox
@@ -1803,18 +1828,18 @@ $ git am -3 patches.mbox
 
 Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it
 will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in
-"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The "-3" option tells
-git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
+"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The `-3` option tells
+Git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
 leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.)
 
 Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict
 resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git am --resolved
+$ git am --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
+and Git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
 remaining patches from the mailbox.
 
 The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in
@@ -1822,7 +1847,7 @@ the original mailbox, with authorship and commit log message each
 taken from the message containing each patch.
 
 [[public-repositories]]
-Public git repositories
+Public Git repositories
 -----------------------
 
 Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer
@@ -1879,7 +1904,7 @@ We explain how to do this in the following sections.
 Setting up a public repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Assume your personal repository is in the directory ~/proj.  We
+Assume your personal repository is in the directory `~/proj`.  We
 first create a new clone of the repository and tell `git daemon` that it
 is meant to be public:
 
@@ -1889,28 +1914,28 @@ $ touch proj.git/git-daemon-export-ok
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 The resulting directory proj.git contains a "bare" git repository--it is
-just the contents of the ".git" directory, without any files checked out
+just the contents of the `.git` directory, without any files checked out
 around it.
 
-Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the
+Next, copy `proj.git` to the server where you plan to host the
 public repository.  You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
 convenient.
 
 [[exporting-via-git]]
-Exporting a git repository via the git protocol
+Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This is the preferred method.
 
 If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
-directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear
-at.  You can then skip to the section
+directory to put the repository in, and what `git://` URL it will
+appear at.  You can then skip to the section
 "<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
 repository>>", below.
 
 Otherwise, all you need to do is start linkgit:git-daemon[1]; it will
 listen on port 9418.  By default, it will allow access to any directory
-that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file
+that looks like a Git directory and contains the magic file
 git-daemon-export-ok.  Passing some directory paths as `git daemon`
 arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths.
 
@@ -1919,13 +1944,13 @@ linkgit:git-daemon[1] man page for details.  (See especially the
 examples section.)
 
 [[exporting-via-http]]
-Exporting a git repository via http
+Exporting a git repository via HTTP
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
-host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.
+The Git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
+host with a web server set up, HTTP exports may be simpler to set up.
 
-All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in
+All you need to do is place the newly created bare Git repository in
 a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some
 adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:
 
@@ -1939,7 +1964,7 @@ $ mv hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update
 (For an explanation of the last two lines, see
 linkgit:git-update-server-info[1] and linkgit:githooks[5].)
 
-Advertise the URL of proj.git.  Anybody else should then be able to
+Advertise the URL of `proj.git`.  Anybody else should then be able to
 clone or pull from that URL, for example with a command line like:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1947,9 +1972,9 @@ $ git clone http://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 (See also
-link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt[setup-git-server-over-http]
+link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html[setup-git-server-over-http]
 for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also
-allows pushing over http.)
+allows pushing over HTTP.)
 
 [[pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository]]
 Pushing changes to a public repository
@@ -1962,8 +1987,8 @@ access, which you will need to update the public repository with the
 latest changes created in your private repository.
 
 The simplest way to do this is using linkgit:git-push[1] and ssh; to
-update the remote branch named "master" with the latest state of your
-branch named "master", run
+update the remote branch named `master` with the latest state of your
+branch named `master`, run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master:master
@@ -1979,31 +2004,37 @@ As with `git fetch`, `git push` will complain if this does not result in a
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; see the following section for details on
 handling this case.
 
-Note that the target of a "push" is normally a
+Note that the target of a `push` is normally a
 <<def_bare_repository,bare>> repository.  You can also push to a
-repository that has a checked-out working tree, but the working tree
-will not be updated by the push.  This may lead to unexpected results if
-the branch you push to is the currently checked-out branch!
+repository that has a checked-out working tree, but a push to update the
+currently checked-out branch is denied by default to prevent confusion.
+See the description of the receive.denyCurrentBranch option
+in linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 As with `git fetch`, you may also set up configuration options to
-save typing; so, for example, after
+save typing; so, for example:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git remote add public-repo ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ cat >>.git/config <<EOF
 [remote "public-repo"]
-	url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
-EOF
+	url = yourserver.com:proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-you should be able to perform the above push with just
+which lets you do the same push with just
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push public-repo master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the explanations of the remote.<name>.url, branch.<name>.remote,
-and remote.<name>.push options in linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details.
+See the explanations of the `remote.<name>.url`,
+`branch.<name>.remote`, and `remote.<name>.push` options in
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 [[forcing-push]]
 What to do when a push fails
@@ -2034,6 +2065,13 @@ branch name with a plus sign:
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the
+`-f` flag to force the remote update, as in:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push -f ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
 Normally whenever a branch head in a public repository is modified, it
 is modified to point to a descendant of the commit that it pointed to
 before.  By forcing a push in this situation, you break that convention.
@@ -2061,9 +2099,9 @@ all push to and pull from a single shared repository.  See
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for instructions on how to
 set this up.
 
-However, while there is nothing wrong with git's support for shared
+However, while there is nothing wrong with Git's support for shared
 repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended,
-simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports--by
+simply because the mode of collaboration that Git supports--by
 exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories--has so many
 advantages over the central shared repository:
 
@@ -2087,8 +2125,37 @@ Allowing web browsing of a repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your
-project's files and history without having to install git; see the file
-gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
+project's revisions, file contents and logs without having to install
+Git. Features like RSS/Atom feeds and blame/annotation details may
+optionally be enabled.
+
+The linkgit:git-instaweb[1] command provides a simple way to start
+browsing the repository using gitweb. The default server when using
+instaweb is lighttpd.
+
+See the file gitweb/INSTALL in the Git source tree and
+linkgit:gitweb[1] for instructions on details setting up a permanent
+installation with a CGI or Perl capable server.
+
+[[how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history]]
+How to get a Git repository with minimal history
+------------------------------------------------
+
+A <<def_shallow_clone,shallow clone>>, with its truncated
+history, is useful when one is interested only in recent history
+of a project and getting full history from the upstream is
+expensive.
+
+A <<def_shallow_clone,shallow clone>> is created by specifying
+the linkgit:git-clone[1] `--depth` switch. The depth can later be
+changed with the linkgit:git-fetch[1] `--depth` switch, or full
+history restored with `--unshallow`.
+
+Merging inside a <<def_shallow_clone,shallow clone>> will work as long
+as a merge base is in the recent history.
+Otherwise, it will be like merging unrelated histories and may
+have to result in huge conflicts.  This limitation may make such
+a repository unsuitable to be used in merge based workflows.
 
 [[sharing-development-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -2098,7 +2165,7 @@ Examples
 Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the
+This describes how Tony Luck uses Git in his role as maintainer of the
 IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.
 
 He uses two public branches:
@@ -2119,7 +2186,7 @@ To set this up, first create your work tree by cloning Linus's public
 tree:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git work
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git work
 $ cd work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2131,7 +2198,7 @@ linkgit:git-fetch[1] to keep them up-to-date; see
 
 Now create the branches in which you are going to work; these start out
 at the current tip of origin/master branch, and should be set up (using
-the --track option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
+the `--track` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
 Linus by default.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2148,9 +2215,9 @@ $ git checkout release && git pull
 
 Important note!  If you have any local changes in these branches, then
 this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local
-changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
+changes Git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
 the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid
-doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits
+doing this capriciously in the `release` branch, as these noisy commits
 will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull
 from the release branch.
 
@@ -2161,7 +2228,7 @@ make it easy to push both branches to your public tree.  (See
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >> .git/config <<EOF
 [remote "mytree"]
-	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git
+	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux.git
 	push = release
 	push = test
 EOF
@@ -2192,7 +2259,7 @@ patches), and create a new branch from a recent stable tag of
 Linus's branch. Picking a stable base for your branch will:
 1) help you: by avoiding inclusion of unrelated and perhaps lightly
 tested changes
-2) help future bug hunters that use "git bisect" to find problems
+2) help future bug hunters that use `git bisect` to find problems
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
@@ -2206,23 +2273,23 @@ commit to this branch.
 $ ... patch ... test  ... commit [ ... patch ... test ... commit ]*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-When you are happy with the state of this change, you can pull it into the
+When you are happy with the state of this change, you can merge it into the
 "test" branch in preparation to make it public:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout test && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git checkout test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you
 spent a while on this step and had also pulled new versions from upstream.
 
-Some time later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
-same branch into the "release" tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
+Sometime later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
+same branch into the `release` tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
 see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch.  It
-means that the patches can be moved into the "release" tree in any order.
+means that the patches can be moved into the `release` tree in any order.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout release && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git checkout release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the
@@ -2252,7 +2319,7 @@ If it has been merged, then there will be no output.)
 
 Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
 then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
-"origin/master" branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
+`origin/master` branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
 You detect this when the output from:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2267,27 +2334,23 @@ $ git branch -d branchname
 
 Some changes are so trivial that it is not necessary to create a separate
 branch and then merge into each of the test and release branches.  For
-these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then
-merge that into the "test" branch.
-
-To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please
-pull" request to Linus you can use:
+these changes, just apply directly to the `release` branch, and then
+merge that into the `test` branch.
 
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --stat origin..release
--------------------------------------------------
-
-and
+After pushing your work to `mytree`, you can use
+linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to prepare a "please pull" request message
+to send to Linus:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog
+$ git push mytree
+$ git request-pull origin mytree release
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== update script ====
-# Update a branch in my GIT tree.  If the branch to be updated
+# Update a branch in my Git tree.  If the branch to be updated
 # is origin, then pull from kernel.org.  Otherwise merge
 # origin/master branch into test|release branch
 
@@ -2305,7 +2368,7 @@ origin)
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	echo "Usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 	;;
 esac
@@ -2319,7 +2382,7 @@ pname=$0
 
 usage()
 {
-	echo "Usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 }
 
@@ -2345,7 +2408,7 @@ esac
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== status script ====
-# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree
+# report on status of my ia64 Git tree
 
 gb=$(tput setab 2)
 rb=$(tput setab 1)
@@ -2401,7 +2464,7 @@ Rewriting history and maintaining patch series
 
 Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or
 replaced.  Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will
-cause git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
+cause Git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
 
 However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this
 assumption.
@@ -2443,8 +2506,8 @@ you are rewriting history.
 Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase
 --------------------------------------------------
 
-Suppose that you create a branch "mywork" on a remote-tracking branch
-"origin", and create some commits on top of it:
+Suppose that you create a branch `mywork` on a remote-tracking branch
+`origin`, and create some commits on top of it:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b mywork origin
@@ -2456,7 +2519,7 @@ $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You have performed no merges into mywork, so it is just a simple linear
-sequence of patches on top of "origin":
+sequence of patches on top of `origin`:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O <-- origin
@@ -2465,7 +2528,7 @@ sequence of patches on top of "origin":
 ................................................
 
 Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
-"origin" has advanced:
+`origin` has advanced:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
@@ -2473,7 +2536,7 @@ Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
          a--b--c <-- mywork
 ................................................
 
-At this point, you could use "pull" to merge your changes back in;
+At this point, you could use `pull` to merge your changes back in;
 the result would create a new merge commit, like this:
 
 ................................................
@@ -2492,7 +2555,7 @@ $ git rebase origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This will remove each of your commits from mywork, temporarily saving
-them as patches (in a directory named ".git/rebase-apply"), update mywork to
+them as patches (in a directory named `.git/rebase-apply`), update mywork to
 point at the latest version of origin, then apply each of the saved
 patches to the new mywork.  The result will look like:
 
@@ -2512,7 +2575,7 @@ running `git commit`, just run
 $ git rebase --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
+and Git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
 
 At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and
 return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
@@ -2521,6 +2584,12 @@ return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
 $ git rebase --abort
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+If you need to reorder or edit a number of commits in a branch, it may
+be easier to use `git rebase -i`, which allows you to reorder and
+squash commits, as well as marking them for individual editing during
+the rebase.  See <<interactive-rebase>> for details, and
+<<reordering-patch-series>> for alternatives.
+
 [[rewriting-one-commit]]
 Rewriting a single commit
 -------------------------
@@ -2534,72 +2603,89 @@ $ git commit --amend
 
 which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
 changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
+This is useful for fixing typos in your last commit, or for adjusting
+the patch contents of a poorly staged commit.
 
-You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
-replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
-intervening changes on top of it.  First, tag the problematic commit
-with
+If you need to amend commits from deeper in your history, you can
+use <<interactive-rebase,interactive rebase's `edit` instruction>>.
 
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag bad mywork~5
--------------------------------------------------
-
-(Either gitk or `git log` may be useful for finding the commit.)
+[[reordering-patch-series]]
+Reordering or selecting from a patch series
+-------------------------------------------
 
-Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
-on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
-branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
+Sometimes you want to edit a commit deeper in your history.  One
+approach is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of patches
+and then reset the state to before the patches:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout bad
-$ # make changes here and update the index
-$ git commit --amend
-$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
+$ git format-patch origin
+$ git reset --hard origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
-patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit.  You can
-then clean up with
+Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as needed before applying
+them again with linkgit:git-am[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag -d bad
+$ git am *.patch
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really
-"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
-new commits having new object names.
+[[interactive-rebase]]
+Using interactive rebases
+-------------------------
 
-[[reordering-patch-series]]
-Reordering or selecting from a patch series
--------------------------------------------
+You can also edit a patch series with an interactive rebase.  This is
+the same as <<reordering-patch-series,reordering a patch series using
+`format-patch`>>, so use whichever interface you like best.
 
-Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
-allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
-new commit that records it.  So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
-series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
+Rebase your current HEAD on the last commit you want to retain as-is.
+For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, use:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
-$ gitk origin..mywork &
+$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
-applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
-cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `git commit --amend`.
-The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
-individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
-right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
-
-Another technique is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of
-patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
+This will open your editor with a list of steps to be taken to perform
+your rebase.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git format-patch origin
-$ git reset --hard origin
--------------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee The oneline of this commit
+pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+...
 
-Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
-them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
+# Rebase c0ffeee..deadbee onto c0ffeee
+#
+# Commands:
+#  p, pick = use commit
+#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+#
+# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+#
+# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+#
+# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+#
+# Note that empty commits are commented out
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+As explained in the comments, you can reorder commits, squash them
+together, edit commit messages, etc. by editing the list.  Once you
+are satisfied, save the list and close your editor, and the rebase
+will begin.
+
+The rebase will stop where `pick` has been replaced with `edit` or
+when a step in the list fails to mechanically resolve conflicts and
+needs your help.  When you are done editing and/or resolving conflicts
+you can continue with `git rebase --continue`.  If you decide that
+things are getting too hairy, you can always bail out with `git rebase
+--abort`.  Even after the rebase is complete, you can still recover
+the original branch by using the <<reflogs,reflog>>.
+
+For a more detailed discussion of the procedure and additional tips,
+see the "INTERACTIVE MODE" section of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
 [[patch-series-tools]]
 Other tools
@@ -2646,7 +2732,7 @@ Git has no way of knowing that the new head is an updated version of
 the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if
 two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads
 in parallel.  At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head
-in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
+in to their branch, Git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
 new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the
 new.  The results are likely to be unexpected.
 
@@ -2719,7 +2805,7 @@ linear history:
 Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*,
 and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.
 
-Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when
+Partly for this reason, many experienced Git users, even when
 working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history
 linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before
 publishing.
@@ -2740,10 +2826,10 @@ arbitrary name:
 $ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the
-repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells git
-to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to
-store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work.
+The first argument, `origin`, just tells Git to fetch from the
+repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells Git
+to fetch the branch named `todo` from the remote repository, and to
+store it locally under the name `refs/heads/my-todo-work`.
 
 You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
 
@@ -2751,8 +2837,8 @@ You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:example-master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will create a new branch named "example-master" and store in it the
-branch named "master" from the repository at the given URL.  If you
+will create a new branch named `example-master` and store in it the
+branch named `master` from the repository at the given URL.  If you
 already have a branch named example-master, it will attempt to
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> to the commit given by example.com's
 master branch.  In more detail:
@@ -2761,7 +2847,7 @@ master branch.  In more detail:
 git fetch and fast-forwards
 ---------------------------
 
-In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, "git fetch"
+In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, `git fetch`
 checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote
 branch is a descendant of the most recent commit on your copy of the
 branch before updating your copy of the branch to point at the new
@@ -2787,11 +2873,11 @@ resulting in a situation like:
             o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
 ................................................
 
-In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.
+In this case, `git fetch` will fail, and print out a warning.
 
-In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as
+In that case, you can still force Git to update to the new head, as
 described in the following section.  However, note that in the
-situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b",
+situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled `a` and `b`,
 unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to
 them.
 
@@ -2806,7 +2892,7 @@ descendant of the old head, you may force the update with:
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Note the addition of the "+" sign.  Alternatively, you can use the "-f"
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the `-f`
 flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2820,9 +2906,9 @@ may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.
 Configuring remote-tracking branches
 ------------------------------------
 
-We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the
+We saw above that `origin` is just a shortcut to refer to the
 repository that you originally cloned from.  This information is
-stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using
+stored in Git configuration variables, which you can see using
 linkgit:git-config[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2838,48 +2924,34 @@ branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master
 
 If there are other repositories that you also use frequently, you can
 create similar configuration options to save typing; for example,
-after
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.url git://example.com/proj.git
+$ git remote add example git://example.com/proj.git
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then the following two commands will do the same thing:
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+[remote "example"]
+	url = git://example.com/proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Even better, if you add one more option:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch master:refs/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
+Also note that the above configuration can be performed by directly
+editing the file `.git/config` instead of using linkgit:git-remote[1].
 
-then the following commands will all do the same thing:
+After configuring the remote, the following three commands will do the
+same thing:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
+$ git fetch example +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 $ git fetch example
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also add a "+" to force the update each time:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:ref/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly
-throwing away commits on 'example/master'.
-
-Also note that all of the above configuration can be performed by
-directly editing the file .git/config instead of using
-linkgit:git-config[1].
-
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details on the configuration
-options mentioned above.
+options mentioned above and linkgit:git-fetch[1] for more details on
+the refspec syntax.
 
 
 [[git-concepts]]
@@ -2888,7 +2960,7 @@ Git concepts
 
 Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas.  While it
 is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find
-git much more intuitive if you do.
+Git much more intuitive if you do.
 
 We start with the most important, the  <<def_object_database,object
 database>> and the <<def_index,index>>.
@@ -2943,7 +3015,7 @@ Commit Object
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The "commit" object links a physical state of a tree with a description
-of how we got there and why.  Use the --pretty=raw option to
+of how we got there and why.  Use the `--pretty=raw` option to
 linkgit:git-show[1] or linkgit:git-log[1] to examine your favorite
 commit:
 
@@ -2964,7 +3036,7 @@ As you can see, a commit is defined by:
 
 - a tree: The SHA-1 name of a tree object (as defined below), representing
   the contents of a directory at a certain point in time.
-- parent(s): The SHA-1 name of some number of commits which represent the
+- parent(s): The SHA-1 name(s) of some number of commits which represent the
   immediately previous step(s) in the history of the project.  The
   example above has one parent; merge commits may have more than
   one.  A commit with no parents is called a "root" commit, and
@@ -2982,10 +3054,10 @@ As you can see, a commit is defined by:
 Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what
 actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents
 of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with
-its parents.  In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames
+its parents.  In particular, Git does not attempt to record file renames
 explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same
 file data at changing paths suggests a rename.  (See, for example, the
--M option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
+`-M` option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
 
 A commit is usually created by linkgit:git-commit[1], which creates a
 commit whose parent is normally the current HEAD, and whose tree is
@@ -3021,14 +3093,14 @@ another tree, representing the contents of a subdirectory.  Since trees
 and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA-1 hash of their
 contents, two trees have the same SHA-1 name if and only if their
 contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories)
-are identical.  This allows git to quickly determine the differences
+are identical.  This allows Git to quickly determine the differences
 between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with
 identical object names.
 
 (Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as
 entries.  See <<submodules>> for documentation.)
 
-Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays
+Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: Git actually only pays
 attention to the executable bit.
 
 [[blob-object]]
@@ -3036,7 +3108,7 @@ Blob Object
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can use linkgit:git-show[1] to examine the contents of a blob; take,
-for example, the blob in the entry for "COPYING" from the tree above:
+for example, the blob in the entry for `COPYING` from the tree above:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git show 6ff87c4664
@@ -3089,7 +3161,7 @@ sending out a single email that tells the people the name (SHA-1 hash)
 of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something
 like GPG/PGP.
 
-To assist in this, git also provides the tag object...
+To assist in this, Git also provides the tag object...
 
 [[tag-object]]
 Tag Object
@@ -3119,14 +3191,14 @@ nLE/L9aUXdWeTFPron96DLA=
 See the linkgit:git-tag[1] command to learn how to create and verify tag
 objects.  (Note that linkgit:git-tag[1] can also be used to create
 "lightweight tags", which are not tag objects at all, but just simple
-references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").
+references whose names begin with `refs/tags/`).
 
 [[pack-files]]
-How git stores objects efficiently: pack files
+How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the
-object's SHA-1 hash (stored in .git/objects).
+object's SHA-1 hash (stored in `.git/objects`).
 
 Unfortunately this system becomes inefficient once a project has a
 lot of objects.  Try this on an old project:
@@ -3140,26 +3212,24 @@ The first number is the number of objects which are kept in
 individual files.  The second is the amount of space taken up by
 those "loose" objects.
 
-You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in
+You can save space and make Git faster by moving these loose objects in
 to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient
 compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be
-found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt].
+found in link:technical/pack-format.html[pack format].
 
 To put the loose objects into a pack, just run git repack:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git repack
-Generating pack...
-Done counting 6020 objects.
-Deltifying 6020 objects.
- 100% (6020/6020) done
-Writing 6020 objects.
- 100% (6020/6020) done
-Total 6020, written 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
-Pack pack-3e54ad29d5b2e05838c75df582c65257b8d08e1c created.
+Counting objects: 6020, done.
+Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
+Compressing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done.
+Writing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done.
+Total 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can then run
+This creates a single "pack file" in .git/objects/pack/
+containing all currently unpacked objects.  You can then run
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git prune
@@ -3167,9 +3237,9 @@ $ git prune
 
 to remove any of the "loose" objects that are now contained in the
 pack.  This will also remove any unreferenced objects (which may be
-created when, for example, you use "git reset" to remove a commit).
+created when, for example, you use `git reset` to remove a commit).
 You can verify that the loose objects are gone by looking at the
-.git/objects directory or by running
+`.git/objects` directory or by running
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git count-objects
@@ -3196,7 +3266,7 @@ branch still exists, as does everything it pointed to. The branch
 pointer itself just doesn't, since you replaced it with another one.
 
 There are also other situations that cause dangling objects. For
-example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a "git add" of a
+example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a `git add` of a
 file, but then, before you actually committed it and made it part of the
 bigger picture, you changed something else in that file and committed
 that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
@@ -3239,14 +3309,14 @@ $ git show <dangling-blob/tree-sha-goes-here>
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 to show what the contents of the blob were (or, for a tree, basically
-what the "ls" for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
+what the `ls` for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
 of what the operation was that left that dangling object.
 
 Usually, dangling blobs and trees aren't very interesting. They're
 almost always the result of either being a half-way mergebase (the blob
 will often even have the conflict markers from a merge in it, if you
 have had conflicting merges that you fixed up by hand), or simply
-because you interrupted a "git fetch" with ^C or something like that,
+because you interrupted a `git fetch` with ^C or something like that,
 leaving _some_ of the new objects in the object database, but just
 dangling and useless.
 
@@ -3257,28 +3327,22 @@ state, you can just prune all unreachable objects:
 $ git prune
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and they'll be gone. But you should only run "git prune" on a quiescent
+and they'll be gone. (You should only run `git prune` on a quiescent
 repository--it's kind of like doing a filesystem fsck recovery: you
 don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted.
-
-(The same is true of "git fsck" itself, btw, but since
-`git fsck` never actually *changes* the repository, it just reports
-on what it found, `git fsck` itself is never 'dangerous' to run.
-Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause
-confusing and scary messages, but it won't actually do anything bad. In
-contrast, running "git prune" while somebody is actively changing the
-repository is a *BAD* idea).
+`git prune` is designed not to cause any harm in such cases of concurrent
+accesses to a repository but you might receive confusing or scary messages.)
 
 [[recovering-from-repository-corruption]]
 Recovering from repository corruption
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
-the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
+By design, Git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
+the absence of bugs in Git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
 operating system errors could corrupt data.
 
 The first defense against such problems is backups.  You can back up a
-git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
+Git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
 mechanism.
 
 As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt
@@ -3295,19 +3359,16 @@ it is with linkgit:git-fsck[1]; this may be time-consuming.
 Assume the output looks like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-$ git fsck --full
+$ git fsck --full --no-dangling
 broken link from    tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
               to    blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
 missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(Typically there will be some "dangling object" messages too, but they
-aren't interesting.)
-
 Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6
 points to it.  If you could find just one copy of that missing blob
 object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into
-.git/objects/4b/9458b3... and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
+`.git/objects/4b/9458b3...` and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
 still examine the tree that pointed to it with linkgit:git-ls-tree[1],
 which might output something like:
 
@@ -3322,10 +3383,10 @@ $ git ls-tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 So now you know that the missing blob was the data for a file named
-"myfile".  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
-say it's in "somedirectory".  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
+`myfile`.  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
+say it's in `somedirectory`.  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
 the same as the copy you have checked out in your working tree at
-"somedirectory/myfile"; you can test whether that's right with
+`somedirectory/myfile`; you can test whether that's right with
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -3364,8 +3425,8 @@ Date:
 :100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M somedirectory/myfile
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-This tells you that the immediately preceding version of the file was
-"newsha", and that the immediately following version was "oldsha".
+This tells you that the immediately following version of the file was
+"newsha", and that the immediately preceding version was "oldsha".
 You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha
 to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha.
 
@@ -3380,21 +3441,21 @@ $ git hash-object -w <recreated-file>
 
 and your repository is good again!
 
-(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a
+(Btw, you could have ignored the `fsck`, and started with doing a
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --raw --all
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you--Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 [[the-index]]
 The index
------------
+---------
 
-The index is a binary file (generally kept in .git/index) containing a
+The index is a binary file (generally kept in `.git/index`) containing a
 sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA-1 of a blob
 object; linkgit:git-ls-files[1] can show you the contents of the index:
 
@@ -3429,7 +3490,7 @@ It does this by storing some additional data for each entry (such as
 the last modified time).  This data is not displayed above, and is not
 stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine
 quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was
-stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the
+stored in the index, and thus save Git from having to read all of the
 data from such files to look for changes.
 
 3. It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts
@@ -3493,7 +3554,7 @@ with Git 1.5.2 can look up the submodule commits in the repository and
 manually check them out; earlier versions won't recognize the submodules at
 all.
 
-To see how submodule support works, create (for example) four example
+To see how submodule support works, create four example
 repositories that can be used later as a submodule:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -3534,7 +3595,7 @@ $ ls -a
 
 The `git submodule add <repo> <path>` command does a couple of things:
 
-- It clones the submodule from <repo> to the given <path> under the
+- It clones the submodule from `<repo>` to the given `<path>` under the
   current directory and by default checks out the master branch.
 - It adds the submodule's clone path to the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and
   adds this file to the index, ready to be committed.
@@ -3595,7 +3656,7 @@ working on a branch.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch
-* (no branch)
+* (detached from d266b98)
   master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3660,13 +3721,13 @@ Did you forget to 'git add'?
 Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In older git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
+In older Git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
 files in a submodule, which silently leads to similar problems as not pushing
-the submodule changes. Starting with git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff"
+the submodule changes. Starting with Git 1.7.0 both `git status` and `git diff`
 in the superproject show submodules as modified when they contain new or
-modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. "git
-diff" will also add a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating patch
-output or used with the --submodule option:
+modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. `git
+diff` will also add a `-dirty` to the work tree side when generating patch
+output or used with the `--submodule` option:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git diff
@@ -3702,15 +3763,17 @@ module a
 
 NOTE: The changes are still visible in the submodule's reflog.
 
-This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.
+If you have uncommitted changes in your submodule working tree, `git
+submodule update` will not overwrite them.  Instead, you get the usual
+warning about not being able switch from a dirty branch.
 
 [[low-level-operations]]
-Low-level git operations
+Low-level Git operations
 ========================
 
 Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell
-scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands.  These can still
-be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to
+scripts using a smaller core of low-level Git commands.  These can still
+be useful when doing unusual things with Git, or just as a way to
 understand its inner workings.
 
 [[object-manipulation]]
@@ -3741,7 +3804,7 @@ between the working tree, the index, and the object database.  Git
 provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps
 individually.
 
-Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
+Generally, all Git operations work on the index file. Some operations
 work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
 index), but most operations move data between the index file and either
 the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main
@@ -3760,11 +3823,11 @@ like so:
 $ git update-index filename
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc, the command
+but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc., the command
 will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries,
 i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.
 
-To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
+To tell Git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
 longer exist, or that new files should be added, you
 should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively.
 
@@ -3840,7 +3903,7 @@ or, if you want to check out all of the index, use `-a`.
 
 NOTE! `git checkout-index` normally refuses to overwrite old files, so
 if you have an old version of the tree already checked out, you will
-need to use the "-f" flag ('before' the "-a" flag or the filename) to
+need to use the `-f` flag ('before' the `-a` flag or the filename) to
 'force' the checkout.
 
 
@@ -3851,7 +3914,7 @@ from one representation to the other:
 Tying it all together
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-To commit a tree you have instantiated with "git write-tree", you'd
+To commit a tree you have instantiated with `git write-tree`, you'd
 create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history
 behind it--most notably the "parent" commits that preceded it in
 history.
@@ -3863,7 +3926,7 @@ fact that such a commit brings together ("merges") two or more
 previous states represented by other commits.
 
 In other words, while a "tree" represents a particular directory state
-of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in "time",
+of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in time,
 and explains how we got there.
 
 You create a commit object by giving it the tree that describes the
@@ -3878,13 +3941,12 @@ redirection from a pipe or file, or by just typing it at the tty).
 
 `git commit-tree` will return the name of the object that represents
 that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally,
-you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you
+you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while Git doesn't care where you
 save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the
 result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see
 what the last committed state was.
 
-Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
-various pieces fit together.
+Here is a picture that illustrates how various pieces fit together:
 
 ------------
 
@@ -3963,27 +4025,26 @@ to see what the top commit was.
 Merging multiple trees
 ----------------------
 
-Git helps you do a three-way merge, which you can expand to n-way by
-repeating the merge procedure arbitrary times until you finally
-"commit" the state.  The normal situation is that you'd only do one
-three-way merge (two parents), and commit it, but if you like to, you
-can do multiple parents in one go.
+Git can help you perform a three-way merge, which can in turn be
+used for a many-way merge by repeating the merge procedure several
+times.  The usual situation is that you only do one three-way merge
+(reconciling two lines of history) and commit the result, but if
+you like to, you can merge several branches in one go.
 
-To do a three-way merge, you need the two sets of "commit" objects
-that you want to merge, use those to find the closest common parent (a
-third "commit" object), and then use those commit objects to find the
-state of the directory ("tree" object) at these points.
+To perform a three-way merge, you start with the two commits you
+want to merge, find their closest common parent (a third commit),
+and compare the trees corresponding to these three commits.
 
-To get the "base" for the merge, you first look up the common parent
-of two commits with
+To get the "base" for the merge, look up the common parent of two
+commits:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git merge-base <commit1> <commit2>
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-which will return you the commit they are both based on.  You should
-now look up the "tree" objects of those commits, which you can easily
-do with (for example)
+This prints the name of a commit they are both based on. You should
+now look up the tree objects of those commits, which you can easily
+do with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git cat-file commit <commitname> | head -1
@@ -4035,19 +4096,19 @@ $ git ls-files --unmerged
 
 Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with
 the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the
-filename.  The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it
-came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD`
-tree, and stage3 `$target` tree.
+filename.  The 'stage number' is Git's way to say which tree it
+came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to
+the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree.
 
 Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside
 `git read-tree -m`.  For example, if the file did not change
-from `$orig` to `HEAD` nor `$target`, or if the file changed
+from `$orig` to `HEAD` or `$target`, or if the file changed
 from `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` the same way,
 obviously the final outcome is what is in `HEAD`.  What the
 above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from
 `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way.
 You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge
-program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on
+program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or Git's own merge-file, on
 the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -4059,7 +4120,7 @@ $ git merge-file hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3
 
 This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along
 with conflict markers if there are conflicts.  After verifying
-the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final
+the merge result makes sense, you can tell Git what the final
 merge result for this file is by:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -4068,11 +4129,11 @@ $ git update-index hello.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running `git update-index` for
-that path tells git to mark the path resolved.
+that path tells Git to mark the path resolved.
 
-The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level,
+The above is the description of a Git merge at the lowest level,
 to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood.
-In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
+In practice, nobody, not even Git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
 for this.  There is a `git merge-index` program that extracts the
 stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:
 
@@ -4083,11 +4144,11 @@ $ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c
 and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented with.
 
 [[hacking-git]]
-Hacking git
+Hacking Git
 ===========
 
-This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which
-probably only git developers need to understand.
+This chapter covers internal details of the Git implementation which
+probably only Git developers need to understand.
 
 [[object-details]]
 Object storage format
@@ -4105,15 +4166,14 @@ about the data in the object.  It's worth noting that the SHA-1 hash
 that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
 plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
 for 'file'.
-(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
-was the SHA-1 of the 'compressed' object.)
 
 As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
 independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
 be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
 file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
-forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
-size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
+forms a sequence of
+`<ascii type without space> + <space> + <ascii decimal size> +
+<byte\0> + <binary object data>`.
 
 The structured objects can further have their structure and
 connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
@@ -4135,7 +4195,7 @@ A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:
 $ git checkout e83c5163
 ----------------------------------------------------
 
-The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has
+The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has
 today, but is small enough to read in one sitting.
 
 Note that terminology has changed since that revision.  For example, the
@@ -4199,30 +4259,31 @@ Most of what `git rev-list` did is contained in `revision.c` and
 controls how and what revisions are walked, and more.
 
 The original job of `git rev-parse` is now taken by the function
-`setup_revisions()`, which parses the revisions and the common command line
+`setup_revisions()`, which parses the revisions and the common command-line
 options for the revision walker. This information is stored in the struct
-`rev_info` for later consumption. You can do your own command line option
+`rev_info` for later consumption. You can do your own command-line option
 parsing after calling `setup_revisions()`. After that, you have to call
 `prepare_revision_walk()` for initialization, and then you can get the
 commits one by one with the function `get_revision()`.
 
 If you are interested in more details of the revision walking process,
 just have a look at the first implementation of `cmd_log()`; call
-`git show v1.3.0{tilde}155^2{tilde}4` and scroll down to that function (note that you
+`git show v1.3.0~155^2~4` and scroll down to that function (note that you
 no longer need to call `setup_pager()` directly).
 
 Nowadays, `git log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the
 command `git`.  The source side of a builtin is
 
-- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin-<bla>.c`,
-  and declared in `builtin.h`,
+- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin/<bla.c>`
+  (note that older versions of Git used to have it in `builtin-<bla>.c`
+  instead), and declared in `builtin.h`.
 
 - an entry in the `commands[]` array in `git.c`, and
 
 - an entry in `BUILTIN_OBJECTS` in the `Makefile`.
 
 Sometimes, more than one builtin is contained in one source file.  For
-example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin-log.c`,
+example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin/log.c`,
 since they share quite a bit of code.  In that case, the commands which are
 _not_ named like the `.c` file in which they live have to be listed in
 `BUILT_INS` in the `Makefile`.
@@ -4245,10 +4306,10 @@ For the sake of clarity, let's stay with `git cat-file`, because it
 - is plumbing, and
 
 - was around even in the initial commit (it literally went only through
-  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin-cat-file.c`
+  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin/cat-file.c`
   when made a builtin, and then saw less than 10 versions).
 
-So, look into `builtin-cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
+So, look into `builtin/cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
 it does.
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -4271,9 +4332,9 @@ Two things are interesting here:
   negative numbers in case of different errors--and 0 on success.
 
 - the variable `sha1` in the function signature of `get_sha1()` is `unsigned
-  char {asterisk}`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned
+  char *`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned
   char[20]`.  This variable will contain the 160-bit SHA-1 of the given
-  commit.  Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char {asterisk}`, it
+  commit.  Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char *`, it
   is the binary representation, as opposed to the ASCII representation in
   hex characters, which is passed as `char *`.
 
@@ -4289,7 +4350,7 @@ Now, for the meat:
 This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of
 object).  To know how the function `read_object_with_reference()` actually
 works, find the source code for it (something like `git grep
-read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the git repository), and read
+read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the Git repository), and read
 the source.
 
 To find out how the result can be used, just read on in `cmd_cat_file()`:
@@ -4324,7 +4385,7 @@ Another example: Find out what to do in order to make some script a
 builtin:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin-*.c
+$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin/*.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You see, Git is actually the best tool to find out about the source of Git
@@ -4470,7 +4531,7 @@ $ git bisect bad		# if this revision is bad.
 Making changes
 --------------
 
-Make sure git knows who to blame:
+Make sure Git knows who to blame:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
@@ -4520,7 +4581,7 @@ $ git format-patch origin..HEAD # format a patch for each commit
 $ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
 -----------------------------------------------
 
-Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the
+Fetch a branch in a different Git repository, then merge into the
 current branch:
 
 -----------------------------------------------
@@ -4581,7 +4642,7 @@ The basic requirements:
 
 - It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone
   intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without
-  any special knowledge of git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
+  any special knowledge of Git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
   should be specifically mentioned as they arise.
 - Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task
   they explain how to do, in language that requires no more knowledge
@@ -4592,10 +4653,10 @@ Think about how to create a clear chapter dependency graph that will
 allow people to get to important topics without necessarily reading
 everything in between.
 
-Scan Documentation/ for other stuff left out; in particular:
+Scan `Documentation/` for other stuff left out; in particular:
 
 - howto's
-- some of technical/?
+- some of `technical/`?
 - hooks
 - list of commands in linkgit:git[1]
 
@@ -4604,27 +4665,19 @@ Scan email archives for other stuff left out
 Scan man pages to see if any assume more background than this manual
 provides.
 
-Simplify beginning by suggesting disconnected head instead of
-temporary branch creation?
-
 Add more good examples.  Entire sections of just cookbook examples
 might be a good idea; maybe make an "advanced examples" section a
 standard end-of-chapter section?
 
 Include cross-references to the glossary, where appropriate.
 
-Document shallow clones?  See draft 1.5.0 release notes for some
-documentation.
-
 Add a section on working with other version control systems, including
 CVS, Subversion, and just imports of series of release tarballs.
 
-More details on gitweb?
-
 Write a chapter on using plumbing and writing scripts.
 
 Alternates, clone -reference, etc.
 
 More on recovery from repository corruption.  See:
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
+	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
+	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index e18a30a16a..0fe02a6ce2 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=v1.7.8.GIT
+DEF_VER=v2.9.0.GIT
 
 LF='
 '
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ LF='
 if test -f version
 then
 	VN=$(cat version) || VN="$DEF_VER"
-elif test -d .git -o -f .git &&
-	VN=$(git describe --match "v[0-9]*" --abbrev=4 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
+elif test -d ${GIT_DIR:-.git} -o -f .git &&
+	VN=$(git describe --match "v[0-9]*" --abbrev=7 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
 	case "$VN" in
 	*$LF*) (exit 1) ;;
 	v[0-9]*)
@@ -38,5 +38,3 @@ test "$VN" = "$VC" || {
 	echo >&2 "GIT_VERSION = $VN"
 	echo "GIT_VERSION = $VN" >$GVF
 }
-
-
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
index 8120641a51..ffb071e9f0 100644
--- a/INSTALL
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -28,16 +28,35 @@ set up install paths (via config.mak.autogen), so you can write instead
 If you're willing to trade off (much) longer build time for a later
 faster git you can also do a profile feedback build with
 
-	$ make profile-all
-	# make prefix=... install
+	$ make prefix=/usr profile
+	# make prefix=/usr PROFILE=BUILD install
 
 This will run the complete test suite as training workload and then
 rebuild git with the generated profile feedback. This results in a git
 which is a few percent faster on CPU intensive workloads.  This
 may be a good tradeoff for distribution packagers.
 
-Note that the profile feedback build stage currently generates
-a lot of additional compiler warnings.
+Alternatively you can run profile feedback only with the git benchmark
+suite. This runs significantly faster than the full test suite, but
+has less coverage:
+
+	$ make prefix=/usr profile-fast
+	# make prefix=/usr PROFILE=BUILD install
+
+Or if you just want to install a profile-optimized version of git into
+your home directory, you could run:
+
+	$ make profile-install
+
+or
+	$ make profile-fast-install
+
+As a caveat: a profile-optimized build takes a *lot* longer since the
+git tree must be built twice, and in order for the profiling
+measurements to work properly, ccache must be disabled and the test
+suite has to be run using only a single CPU.  In addition, the profile
+feedback build stage currently generates a lot of additional compiler
+warnings.
 
 Issues of note:
 
@@ -83,20 +102,27 @@ Issues of note:
 	- "Perl" version 5.8 or later is needed to use some of the
 	  features (e.g. preparing a partial commit using "git add -i/-p",
 	  interacting with svn repositories with "git svn").  If you can
-	  live without these, use NO_PERL.
+	  live without these, use NO_PERL.  Note that recent releases of
+	  Redhat/Fedora are reported to ship Perl binary package with some
+	  core modules stripped away (see http://lwn.net/Articles/477234/),
+	  so you might need to install additional packages other than Perl
+	  itself, e.g. Time::HiRes.
 
-	- "openssl" library is used by git-imap-send to use IMAP over SSL.
-	  If you don't need it, use NO_OPENSSL.
+	- git-imap-send needs the OpenSSL library to talk IMAP over SSL if
+	  you are using libcurl older than 7.34.0.  Otherwise you can use
+	  NO_OPENSSL without losing git-imap-send.
 
-	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use it's own
+	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use its own
 	  library (inspired by Mozilla's) with either NO_OPENSSL or
 	  BLK_SHA1.  Also included is a version optimized for PowerPC
 	  (PPC_SHA1).
 
-	- "libcurl" library is used by git-http-fetch and git-fetch.  You
-	  might also want the "curl" executable for debugging purposes.
-	  If you do not use http:// or https:// repositories, you do not
-	  have to have them (use NO_CURL).
+	- "libcurl" library is used by git-http-fetch, git-fetch, and, if
+	  the curl version >= 7.34.0, for git-imap-send.  You might also
+	  want the "curl" executable for debugging purposes. If you do not
+	  use http:// or https:// repositories, and do not want to put
+	  patches into an IMAP mailbox, you do not have to have them
+	  (use NO_CURL).
 
 	- "expat" library; git-http-push uses it for remote lock
 	  management over DAV.  Similar to "curl" above, this is optional
@@ -118,6 +144,10 @@ Issues of note:
 	  use English. Under autoconf the configure script will do this
 	  automatically if it can't find libintl on the system.
 
+	- Python version 2.4 or later (but not 3.x, which is not
+	  supported by Perforce) is needed to use the git-p4 interface
+	  to Perforce.
+
  - Some platform specific issues are dealt with Makefile rules,
    but depending on your specific installation, you may not
    have all the libraries/tools needed, or you may have
@@ -145,11 +175,9 @@ Issues of note:
    makeinfo and docbook2X.  Version 0.8.3 is known to work.
 
    Building and installing the pdf file additionally requires
-   dblatex.  Version 0.2.7 with asciidoc >= 8.2.7 is known to work.
+   dblatex.  Version >= 0.2.7 is known to work.
 
-   The documentation is written for AsciiDoc 7, but by default
-   uses some compatibility wrappers to work on AsciiDoc 8. If you have
-   AsciiDoc 7, try "make ASCIIDOC7=YesPlease".
+   All formats require at least asciidoc 8.4.1.
 
    There are also "make quick-install-doc", "make quick-install-man"
    and "make quick-install-html" which install preformatted man pages
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index a782409306..de5a030256 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ all::
 # Define INLINE to a suitable substitute (such as '__inline' or '') if git
 # fails to compile with errors about undefined inline functions or similar.
 #
-# Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if your are on a system which snprintf()
+# Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if you are on a system which snprintf()
 # or vsnprintf() return -1 instead of number of characters which would
 # have been written to the final string if enough space had been available.
 #
-# Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if your are on a system which succeeds
+# Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if you are on a system which succeeds
 # when attempting to read from an fopen'ed directory.
 #
 # Define NO_OPENSSL environment variable if you do not have OpenSSL.
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ all::
 # Define LIBPCREDIR=/foo/bar if your libpcre header and library files are in
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 #
+# Define HAVE_ALLOCA_H if you have working alloca(3) defined in that header.
+#
 # Define NO_CURL if you do not have libcurl installed.  git-http-fetch and
 # git-http-push are not built, and you cannot use http:// and https://
 # transports (neither smart nor dumb).
@@ -37,22 +39,35 @@ all::
 # Define CURLDIR=/foo/bar if your curl header and library files are in
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 #
+# Define CURL_CONFIG to curl's configuration program that prints information
+# about the library (e.g., its version number).  The default is 'curl-config'.
+#
 # Define NO_EXPAT if you do not have expat installed.  git-http-push is
 # not built, and you cannot push using http:// and https:// transports (dumb).
 #
 # Define EXPATDIR=/foo/bar if your expat header and library files are in
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 #
+# Define EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H if you have an old version of expat (e.g.,
+# 1.1 or 1.2) that provides xmlparse.h instead of expat.h.
+#
 # Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
 # A translated Git requires GNU libintl or another gettext implementation,
 # plus libintl-perl at runtime.
 #
+# Define USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME and set it to 'fallthrough', if you don't trust
+# the installed gettext translation of the shell scripts output.
+#
 # Define HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H if you haven't set NO_GETTEXT and you can't
 # trust the langinfo.h's nl_langinfo(CODESET) function to return the
 # current character set. GNU and Solaris have a nl_langinfo(CODESET),
 # FreeBSD can use either, but MinGW and some others need to use
 # libcharset.h's locale_charset() instead.
 #
+# Define CHARSET_LIB to the library you need to link with in order to
+# use locale_charset() function.  On some platforms this needs to set to
+# -lcharset, on others to -liconv .
+#
 # Define LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL if your gettext implementation doesn't
 # need -lintl when linking.
 #
@@ -62,15 +77,17 @@ all::
 # Define HAVE_PATHS_H if you have paths.h and want to use the default PATH
 # it specifies.
 #
-# Define NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT if you don't have d_ino in your struct dirent.
-#
 # Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
 # d_type in struct dirent (Cygwin 1.5, fixed in Cygwin 1.7).
 #
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h and need it for strcasecmp.
+#
 # Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
 #
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 #
+# Define NO_GETPAGESIZE if you don't have getpagesize.
+#
 # Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have both strtoimax and strtoumax in the
@@ -83,14 +100,9 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_MKDTEMP if you don't have mkdtemp in the C library.
 #
-# Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
+# Define MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH if your mkdir() can't deal with trailing slash.
 #
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r in the C library.
-#
-# Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch in the C library.
-#
-# Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
-# FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
+# Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
 #
 # Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
 # in the C library.
@@ -120,13 +132,20 @@ all::
 # specify your own (or DarwinPort's) include directories and
 # library directories by defining CFLAGS and LDFLAGS appropriately.
 #
-# Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable if you want the C version
-# of the SHA1 that assumes you can do unaligned 32-bit loads and
-# have a fast htonl() function.
+# Define NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X
+# and do not want to use Apple's CommonCrypto library.  This allows you
+# to provide your own OpenSSL library, for example from MacPorts.
+#
+# Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable to make use of the bundled
+# optimized C SHA1 routine.
 #
 # Define PPC_SHA1 environment variable when running make to make use of
 # a bundled SHA1 routine optimized for PowerPC.
 #
+# Define SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE to limit the amount of data that will be hashed
+# in one call to the platform's SHA1_Update(). e.g. APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+# wants 'SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE=1024L*1024L*1024L' defined.
+#
 # Define NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL if you need -lcrypto when using -lssl (Darwin).
 #
 # Define NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO if you need -lssl when using -lcrypto (Darwin).
@@ -137,6 +156,12 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin).
 #
+# Define NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV if you need libintl before libiconv.
+#
+# Define NO_INTPTR_T if you don't have intptr_t or uintptr_t.
+#
+# Define NO_UINTMAX_T if you don't have uintmax_t.
+#
 # Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
 # Patrick Mauritz).
 #
@@ -146,17 +171,35 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
 #
+# Define NO_SYS_POLL_H if you don't have sys/poll.h.
+#
+# Define NO_POLL if you do not have or don't want to use poll().
+# This also implies NO_SYS_POLL_H.
+#
+# Define NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H if you need to include sys/param.h to compile,
+# *PLEASE* REPORT to git@vger.kernel.org if your platform needs this;
+# we want to know more about the issue.
+#
 # Define NO_PTHREADS if you do not have or do not want to use Pthreads.
 #
 # Define NO_PREAD if you have a problem with pread() system call (e.g.
 # cygwin1.dll before v1.5.22).
 #
+# Define NO_SETITIMER if you don't have setitimer()
+#
+# Define NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL if you don't have struct itimerval
+# This also implies NO_SETITIMER
+#
 # Define NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY if accessing objects in pack files is
 # generally faster on your platform than accessing the working directory.
 #
 # Define NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE if your filesystem may claim to support
 # the executable mode bit, but doesn't really do so.
 #
+# Define NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION if your OS strays from the typical file type
+# bits in mode values (e.g. z/OS defines I_SFMT to 0xFF000000 as opposed to the
+# usual 0xF000).
+#
 # Define NO_IPV6 if you lack IPv6 support and getaddrinfo().
 #
 # Define NO_UNIX_SOCKETS if your system does not offer unix sockets.
@@ -179,10 +222,11 @@ all::
 # as the compiler can crash (http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=49299)
 #
 # Define USE_NSEC below if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes
-# and ctimes. Note that you need recent glibc (at least 2.2.4) for this, and
-# it will BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely
-# randomly break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second
-# times (my ext3 doesn't).
+# and ctimes. Note that you need recent glibc (at least 2.2.4) for this. On
+# Linux, kernel 2.6.11 or newer is required for reliable sub-second file times
+# on file systems with exactly 1 ns or 1 s resolution. If you intend to use Git
+# on other file systems (e.g. CEPH, CIFS, NTFS, UDF), don't enable USE_NSEC. See
+# Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt for details.
 #
 # Define USE_ST_TIMESPEC if your "struct stat" uses "st_ctimespec" instead of
 # "st_ctim"
@@ -196,8 +240,6 @@ all::
 # Define NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT if your platform does not have st_blocks
 # field that counts the on-disk footprint in 512-byte blocks.
 #
-# Define ASCIIDOC7 if you want to format documentation with AsciiDoc 7
-#
 # Define DOCBOOK_XSL_172 if you want to format man pages with DocBook XSL v1.72
 # (not v1.73 or v1.71).
 #
@@ -208,15 +250,23 @@ all::
 # apostrophes to be ASCII so that cut&pasting examples to the shell
 # will work.
 #
+# Define PERL_PATH to the path of your Perl binary (usually /usr/bin/perl).
+#
 # Define NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER if you cannot use Makefiles generated by perl's
 # MakeMaker (e.g. using ActiveState under Cygwin).
 #
 # Define NO_PERL if you do not want Perl scripts or libraries at all.
 #
+# Define PYTHON_PATH to the path of your Python binary (often /usr/bin/python
+# but /usr/bin/python2.7 on some platforms).
+#
 # Define NO_PYTHON if you do not want Python scripts or libraries at all.
 #
 # Define NO_TCLTK if you do not want Tcl/Tk GUI.
 #
+# Define SANE_TEXT_GREP to "-a" if you use recent versions of GNU grep
+# and egrep that are pickier when their input contains non-ASCII data.
+#
 # The TCL_PATH variable governs the location of the Tcl interpreter
 # used to optimize git-gui for your system.  Only used if NO_TCLTK
 # is not set.  Defaults to the bare 'tclsh'.
@@ -240,6 +290,9 @@ all::
 # Define NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS if you plan to distribute the installed
 # programs as a tar, where bin/ and libexec/ might be on different file systems.
 #
+# Define NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS if you prefer to use either symbolic links or
+# copies to install built-in git commands e.g. git-cat-file.
+#
 # Define USE_NED_ALLOCATOR if you want to replace the platforms default
 # memory allocators with the nedmalloc allocator written by Niall Douglas.
 #
@@ -277,80 +330,118 @@ all::
 # dependency rules.  The default is "auto", which means to use computed header
 # dependencies if your compiler is detected to support it.
 #
-# Define CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES to check for problems in the hard-coded
-# dependency rules.
-#
 # Define NATIVE_CRLF if your platform uses CRLF for line endings.
+#
+# Define XDL_FAST_HASH to use an alternative line-hashing method in
+# the diff algorithm.  It gives a nice speedup if your processor has
+# fast unaligned word loads.  Does NOT work on big-endian systems!
+# Enabled by default on x86_64.
+#
+# Define GIT_USER_AGENT if you want to change how git identifies itself during
+# network interactions.  The default is "git/$(GIT_VERSION)".
+#
+# Define DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT to "man", "info" or "html"
+# (defaults to "man") if you want to have a different default when
+# "git help" is called without a parameter specifying the format.
+#
+# Define TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION to 2, 3 or 4 to run the test suite
+# with a different indexfile format version.  If it isn't set the index
+# file format used is index-v[23].
+#
+# Define GMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS if your gmtime() function does not
+# return NULL when it receives a bogus time_t.
+#
+# Define HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME if your platform has clock_gettime in librt.
+#
+# Define HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC if your platform has CLOCK_MONOTONIC in librt.
+#
+# Define USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N to "yes" if your compiler happily
+# compiles the following initialization:
+#
+#   static const char s[] = ("FOO");
+#
+# and define it to "no" if you need to remove the parentheses () around the
+# constant.  The default is "auto", which means to use parentheses if your
+# compiler is detected to support it.
+#
+# Define HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL if your platform has a BSD-compatible sysctl function.
+#
+# Define HAVE_GETDELIM if your system has the getdelim() function.
 
 GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
 	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
 -include GIT-VERSION-FILE
 
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-
-ifdef MSVC
-	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
-	uname_S := Windows
-	uname_O := Windows
-endif
-
 # CFLAGS and LDFLAGS are for the users to override from the command line.
 
 CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
+DEVELOPER_CFLAGS = -Werror \
+	-Wdeclaration-after-statement \
+	-Wno-format-zero-length \
+	-Wold-style-definition \
+	-Woverflow \
+	-Wpointer-arith \
+	-Wstrict-prototypes \
+	-Wunused \
+	-Wvla
 LDFLAGS =
 ALL_CFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
 ALL_LDFLAGS = $(LDFLAGS)
 STRIP ?= strip
 
+# Create as necessary, replace existing, make ranlib unneeded.
+ARFLAGS = rcs
+
 # Among the variables below, these:
 #   gitexecdir
 #   template_dir
-#   mandir
-#   infodir
-#   htmldir
 #   sysconfdir
 # can be specified as a relative path some/where/else;
 # this is interpreted as relative to $(prefix) and "git" at
 # runtime figures out where they are based on the path to the executable.
+# Additionally, the following will be treated as relative by "git" if they
+# begin with "$(prefix)/":
+#   mandir
+#   infodir
+#   htmldir
 # This can help installing the suite in a relocatable way.
 
 prefix = $(HOME)
 bindir_relative = bin
 bindir = $(prefix)/$(bindir_relative)
-mandir = share/man
-infodir = share/info
+mandir = $(prefix)/share/man
+infodir = $(prefix)/share/info
 gitexecdir = libexec/git-core
 mergetoolsdir = $(gitexecdir)/mergetools
 sharedir = $(prefix)/share
 gitwebdir = $(sharedir)/gitweb
 localedir = $(sharedir)/locale
 template_dir = share/git-core/templates
-htmldir = share/doc/git-doc
+htmldir = $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
 ETC_GITCONFIG = $(sysconfdir)/gitconfig
 ETC_GITATTRIBUTES = $(sysconfdir)/gitattributes
 lib = lib
-# DESTDIR=
+# DESTDIR =
 pathsep = :
 
+mandir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(mandir))
+infodir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(infodir))
+htmldir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(htmldir))
+
 export prefix bindir sharedir sysconfdir gitwebdir localedir
 
-CC = gcc
+CC = cc
 AR = ar
 RM = rm -f
 DIFF = diff
 TAR = tar
 FIND = find
 INSTALL = install
-RPMBUILD = rpmbuild
 TCL_PATH = tclsh
 TCLTK_PATH = wish
 XGETTEXT = xgettext
 MSGFMT = msgfmt
+CURL_CONFIG = curl-config
 PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
 PTHREAD_CFLAGS =
 GCOV = gcov
@@ -374,8 +465,10 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS =
 BUILT_INS =
 COMPAT_CFLAGS =
 COMPAT_OBJS =
+XDIFF_OBJS =
+VCSSVN_OBJS =
+GENERATED_H =
 EXTRA_CPPFLAGS =
-LIB_H =
 LIB_OBJS =
 PROGRAM_OBJS =
 PROGRAMS =
@@ -391,19 +484,16 @@ TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X =
 # interactive shell sessions without exporting it.
 unexport CDPATH
 
-SCRIPT_SH += git-am.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-bisect.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-difftool--helper.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-filter-branch.sh
-SCRIPT_SH += git-lost-found.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-octopus.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-one-file.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-resolve.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-mergetool.sh
-SCRIPT_SH += git-pull.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-quiltimport.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-rebase.sh
-SCRIPT_SH += git-repack.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-remote-testgit.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-request-pull.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-stash.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-submodule.sh
@@ -427,11 +517,46 @@ SCRIPT_PERL += git-relink.perl
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-send-email.perl
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-svn.perl
 
-SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-remote-testgit.py
-
-SCRIPTS = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)) \
+SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-p4.py
+
+NO_INSTALL += git-remote-testgit
+
+# Generated files for scripts
+SCRIPT_SH_GEN = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH))
+SCRIPT_PERL_GEN = $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN = $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON))
+
+SCRIPT_SH_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_SH_GEN))
+SCRIPT_PERL_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN))
+
+# Individual rules to allow e.g.
+# "make -C ../.. SCRIPT_PERL=contrib/foo/bar.perl build-perl-script"
+# from subdirectories like contrib/*/
+.PHONY: build-perl-script build-sh-script build-python-script
+build-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+build-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+build-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+.PHONY: install-perl-script install-sh-script install-python-script
+install-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+
+.PHONY: clean-perl-script clean-sh-script clean-python-script
+clean-sh-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+clean-perl-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+clean-python-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+SCRIPTS = $(SCRIPT_SH_INS) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PERL_INS) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS) \
 	  git-instaweb
 
 ETAGS_TARGET = TAGS
@@ -442,42 +567,57 @@ EXTRA_PROGRAMS =
 # ... and all the rest that could be moved out of bindir to gitexecdir
 PROGRAMS += $(EXTRA_PROGRAMS)
 
+PROGRAM_OBJS += credential-store.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += daemon.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += fast-import.o
+PROGRAM_OBJS += http-backend.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += imap-send.o
+PROGRAM_OBJS += sh-i18n--envsubst.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += shell.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += show-index.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += upload-pack.o
-PROGRAM_OBJS += http-backend.o
-PROGRAM_OBJS += sh-i18n--envsubst.o
-PROGRAM_OBJS += credential-store.o
+PROGRAM_OBJS += remote-testsvn.o
+
+# Binary suffix, set to .exe for Windows builds
+X =
 
 PROGRAMS += $(patsubst %.o,git-%$X,$(PROGRAM_OBJS))
 
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-chmtime
-TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-credential
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-ctype
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-config
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-date
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-delta
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-dump-cache-tree
-TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-scrap-cache-tree
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-dump-split-index
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-dump-untracked-cache
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-fake-ssh
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-genrandom
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-hashmap
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-index-version
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-line-buffer
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-match-trees
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-mergesort
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-mktemp
-TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-obj-pool
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-parse-options
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-path-utils
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-prio-queue
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-read-cache
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-regex
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-revision-walking
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-run-command
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-scrap-cache-tree
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sha1
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sha1-array
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sigchain
-TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-string-pool
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-string-list
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-submodule-config
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-subprocess
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-svn-fe
-TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-treap
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-urlmatch-normalization
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-wildmatch
 
-TEST_PROGRAMS = $(patsubst %,%$X,$(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
+TEST_PROGRAMS = $(patsubst %,t/helper/%$X,$(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
 # List built-in command $C whose implementation cmd_$C() is not in
 # builtin/$C.o but is linked in as part of some other command.
@@ -487,11 +627,8 @@ BUILT_INS += git-cherry$X
 BUILT_INS += git-cherry-pick$X
 BUILT_INS += git-format-patch$X
 BUILT_INS += git-fsck-objects$X
-BUILT_INS += git-get-tar-commit-id$X
 BUILT_INS += git-init$X
 BUILT_INS += git-merge-subtree$X
-BUILT_INS += git-peek-remote$X
-BUILT_INS += git-repo-config$X
 BUILT_INS += git-show$X
 BUILT_INS += git-stage$X
 BUILT_INS += git-status$X
@@ -527,95 +664,17 @@ endif
 export PERL_PATH
 export PYTHON_PATH
 
-LIB_FILE=libgit.a
-XDIFF_LIB=xdiff/lib.a
-VCSSVN_LIB=vcs-svn/lib.a
-
-LIB_H += advice.h
-LIB_H += archive.h
-LIB_H += argv-array.h
-LIB_H += attr.h
-LIB_H += blob.h
-LIB_H += builtin.h
-LIB_H += bulk-checkin.h
-LIB_H += cache.h
-LIB_H += cache-tree.h
-LIB_H += color.h
-LIB_H += commit.h
-LIB_H += compat/bswap.h
-LIB_H += compat/cygwin.h
-LIB_H += compat/mingw.h
-LIB_H += compat/obstack.h
-LIB_H += compat/terminal.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/pthread.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/syslog.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/poll.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/dirent.h
-LIB_H += connected.h
-LIB_H += convert.h
-LIB_H += credential.h
-LIB_H += csum-file.h
-LIB_H += decorate.h
-LIB_H += delta.h
-LIB_H += diffcore.h
-LIB_H += diff.h
-LIB_H += dir.h
-LIB_H += exec_cmd.h
-LIB_H += fmt-merge-msg.h
-LIB_H += fsck.h
-LIB_H += gettext.h
-LIB_H += git-compat-util.h
-LIB_H += gpg-interface.h
-LIB_H += graph.h
-LIB_H += grep.h
-LIB_H += hash.h
-LIB_H += help.h
-LIB_H += kwset.h
-LIB_H += levenshtein.h
-LIB_H += list-objects.h
-LIB_H += ll-merge.h
-LIB_H += log-tree.h
-LIB_H += mailmap.h
-LIB_H += merge-file.h
-LIB_H += merge-recursive.h
-LIB_H += notes.h
-LIB_H += notes-cache.h
-LIB_H += notes-merge.h
-LIB_H += object.h
-LIB_H += pack.h
-LIB_H += pack-refs.h
-LIB_H += pack-revindex.h
-LIB_H += parse-options.h
-LIB_H += patch-ids.h
-LIB_H += pkt-line.h
-LIB_H += progress.h
-LIB_H += prompt.h
-LIB_H += quote.h
-LIB_H += reflog-walk.h
-LIB_H += refs.h
-LIB_H += remote.h
-LIB_H += rerere.h
-LIB_H += resolve-undo.h
-LIB_H += revision.h
-LIB_H += run-command.h
-LIB_H += sequencer.h
-LIB_H += sha1-array.h
-LIB_H += sha1-lookup.h
-LIB_H += sideband.h
-LIB_H += sigchain.h
-LIB_H += strbuf.h
-LIB_H += streaming.h
-LIB_H += string-list.h
-LIB_H += submodule.h
-LIB_H += tag.h
-LIB_H += transport.h
-LIB_H += tree.h
-LIB_H += tree-walk.h
-LIB_H += unpack-trees.h
-LIB_H += userdiff.h
-LIB_H += utf8.h
-LIB_H += xdiff-interface.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
+LIB_FILE = libgit.a
+XDIFF_LIB = xdiff/lib.a
+VCSSVN_LIB = vcs-svn/lib.a
+
+GENERATED_H += common-cmds.h
+
+LIB_H = $(shell $(FIND) . \
+	-name .git -prune -o \
+	-name t -prune -o \
+	-name Documentation -prune -o \
+	-name '*.h' -print)
 
 LIB_OBJS += abspath.o
 LIB_OBJS += advice.o
@@ -634,6 +693,7 @@ LIB_OBJS += bulk-checkin.o
 LIB_OBJS += bundle.o
 LIB_OBJS += cache-tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += color.o
+LIB_OBJS += column.o
 LIB_OBJS += combine-diff.o
 LIB_OBJS += commit.o
 LIB_OBJS += compat/obstack.o
@@ -661,33 +721,46 @@ LIB_OBJS += dir.o
 LIB_OBJS += editor.o
 LIB_OBJS += entry.o
 LIB_OBJS += environment.o
+LIB_OBJS += ewah/bitmap.o
+LIB_OBJS += ewah/ewah_bitmap.o
+LIB_OBJS += ewah/ewah_io.o
+LIB_OBJS += ewah/ewah_rlw.o
 LIB_OBJS += exec_cmd.o
+LIB_OBJS += fetch-pack.o
 LIB_OBJS += fsck.o
-LIB_OBJS += gpg-interface.o
 LIB_OBJS += gettext.o
+LIB_OBJS += gpg-interface.o
 LIB_OBJS += graph.o
 LIB_OBJS += grep.o
-LIB_OBJS += hash.o
+LIB_OBJS += hashmap.o
 LIB_OBJS += help.o
 LIB_OBJS += hex.o
 LIB_OBJS += ident.o
 LIB_OBJS += kwset.o
 LIB_OBJS += levenshtein.o
+LIB_OBJS += line-log.o
+LIB_OBJS += line-range.o
 LIB_OBJS += list-objects.o
 LIB_OBJS += ll-merge.o
 LIB_OBJS += lockfile.o
 LIB_OBJS += log-tree.o
+LIB_OBJS += mailinfo.o
 LIB_OBJS += mailmap.o
 LIB_OBJS += match-trees.o
-LIB_OBJS += merge-file.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge-blobs.o
 LIB_OBJS += merge-recursive.o
+LIB_OBJS += mergesort.o
 LIB_OBJS += name-hash.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-cache.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += notes-utils.o
 LIB_OBJS += object.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-bitmap.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-bitmap-write.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-check.o
-LIB_OBJS += pack-refs.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-objects.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-revindex.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-write.o
 LIB_OBJS += pager.o
@@ -696,9 +769,11 @@ LIB_OBJS += parse-options-cb.o
 LIB_OBJS += patch-delta.o
 LIB_OBJS += patch-ids.o
 LIB_OBJS += path.o
+LIB_OBJS += pathspec.o
 LIB_OBJS += pkt-line.o
 LIB_OBJS += preload-index.o
 LIB_OBJS += pretty.o
+LIB_OBJS += prio-queue.o
 LIB_OBJS += progress.o
 LIB_OBJS += prompt.o
 LIB_OBJS += quote.o
@@ -706,15 +781,18 @@ LIB_OBJS += reachable.o
 LIB_OBJS += read-cache.o
 LIB_OBJS += reflog-walk.o
 LIB_OBJS += refs.o
+LIB_OBJS += refs/files-backend.o
+LIB_OBJS += ref-filter.o
 LIB_OBJS += remote.o
 LIB_OBJS += replace_object.o
 LIB_OBJS += rerere.o
 LIB_OBJS += resolve-undo.o
 LIB_OBJS += revision.o
 LIB_OBJS += run-command.o
+LIB_OBJS += send-pack.o
+LIB_OBJS += sequencer.o
 LIB_OBJS += server-info.o
 LIB_OBJS += setup.o
-LIB_OBJS += sequencer.o
 LIB_OBJS += sha1-array.o
 LIB_OBJS += sha1-lookup.o
 LIB_OBJS += sha1_file.o
@@ -722,13 +800,17 @@ LIB_OBJS += sha1_name.o
 LIB_OBJS += shallow.o
 LIB_OBJS += sideband.o
 LIB_OBJS += sigchain.o
+LIB_OBJS += split-index.o
 LIB_OBJS += strbuf.o
 LIB_OBJS += streaming.o
 LIB_OBJS += string-list.o
 LIB_OBJS += submodule.o
+LIB_OBJS += submodule-config.o
 LIB_OBJS += symlinks.o
 LIB_OBJS += tag.o
+LIB_OBJS += tempfile.o
 LIB_OBJS += trace.o
+LIB_OBJS += trailer.o
 LIB_OBJS += transport.o
 LIB_OBJS += transport-helper.o
 LIB_OBJS += tree-diff.o
@@ -736,10 +818,16 @@ LIB_OBJS += tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += tree-walk.o
 LIB_OBJS += unpack-trees.o
 LIB_OBJS += url.o
+LIB_OBJS += urlmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += usage.o
 LIB_OBJS += userdiff.o
 LIB_OBJS += utf8.o
+LIB_OBJS += varint.o
+LIB_OBJS += version.o
+LIB_OBJS += versioncmp.o
 LIB_OBJS += walker.o
+LIB_OBJS += wildmatch.o
+LIB_OBJS += worktree.o
 LIB_OBJS += wrapper.o
 LIB_OBJS += write_or_die.o
 LIB_OBJS += ws.o
@@ -748,6 +836,7 @@ LIB_OBJS += xdiff-interface.o
 LIB_OBJS += zlib.o
 
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/add.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/am.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/annotate.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/apply.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/archive.o
@@ -757,15 +846,19 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/branch.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/bundle.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/cat-file.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-attr.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ignore.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-mailmap.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ref-format.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout-index.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/clean.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/clone.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/column.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/commit-tree.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/commit.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/config.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/count-objects.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/credential.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/describe.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/diff-files.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/diff-index.o
@@ -778,11 +871,13 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/fmt-merge-msg.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/for-each-ref.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/fsck.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/gc.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/get-tar-commit-id.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/grep.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/hash-object.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/help.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/index-pack.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/init-db.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/interpret-trailers.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/log.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/ls-files.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/ls-remote.o
@@ -807,6 +902,7 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/pack-refs.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/patch-id.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/prune-packed.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/prune.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/pull.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/push.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/read-tree.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/receive-pack.o
@@ -814,6 +910,7 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/reflog.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote-ext.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote-fd.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/repack.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/replace.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/rerere.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/reset.o
@@ -826,9 +923,9 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/shortlog.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/show-branch.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/show-ref.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/stripspace.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/submodule--helper.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/symbolic-ref.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/tag.o
-BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/tar-tree.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/unpack-file.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/unpack-objects.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/update-index.o
@@ -836,460 +933,25 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/update-ref.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/update-server-info.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/upload-archive.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/var.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/verify-commit.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/verify-pack.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/verify-tag.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/worktree.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/write-tree.o
 
 GITLIBS = $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB)
 EXTLIBS =
 
-#
-# Platform specific tweaks
-#
-
-# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
-# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
-# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
-
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
-	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
-	SOCKLEN_T = int
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
-	CC = cc
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
-		CFLAGS = -O2
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
-		CC = cc
-		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	endif
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	endif
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
-	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
-		SOCKLEN_T = int
-		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
-		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
-	TAR = gtar
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
-		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	# There are conflicting reports about this.
-	# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
-	# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	X = .exe
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/cygwin.o
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
-		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	endif
-	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
-		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	endif
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
-	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV=YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
-		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
-	else
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
-		INLINE=''
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
-	# GNU/Hurd
-	NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
-	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH=/usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
-	INLINE = __inline
-	NO_IPV6=YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
-		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
-		INLINE =
-		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
-		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
-	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
-
-	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
-	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
-	CFLAGS =
-	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
-	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/poll.o compat/win32/dirent.o
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
-	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	lib =
-ifndef DEBUG
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
-	AR += -LTCG
-else
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
-endif
-	X = .exe
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
-	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_RESOLV =
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL =
-	NO_EXPAT =
-endif
-ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
-	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/poll.o compat/win32/dirent.o
-	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	X = .exe
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
-	htmldir=doc/git/html/
-	prefix =
-	INSTALL = /bin/install
-	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
-	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
-	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
-else
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-endif
-endif
+GIT_USER_AGENT = git/$(GIT_VERSION)
 
+include config.mak.uname
 -include config.mak.autogen
 -include config.mak
 
+ifdef DEVELOPER
+CFLAGS += $(DEVELOPER_CFLAGS)
+endif
+
 ifndef sysconfdir
 ifeq ($(prefix),/usr)
 sysconfdir = /etc
@@ -1298,18 +960,14 @@ sysconfdir = etc
 endif
 endif
 
-ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = no
-USE_COMPUTED_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES =
-endif
-
 ifndef COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = auto
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES),auto)
 dep_check = $(shell $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) \
-	-c -MF /dev/null -MMD -MP -x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
+	-c -MF /dev/null -MQ /dev/null -MMD -MP \
+	-x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
 	echo $$?)
 ifeq ($(dep_check),0)
 override COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = yes
@@ -1343,6 +1001,14 @@ ifneq (,$(SOCKLEN_T))
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Dsocklen_t=$(SOCKLEN_T)
 endif
 
+ifeq (yes,$(USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N))
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUSE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N=1
+else
+ifeq (no,$(USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N))
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUSE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N=0
+endif
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
 	ifndef NO_FINK
 		ifeq ($(shell test -d /sw/lib && echo y),y)
@@ -1356,6 +1022,11 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
 			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/opt/local/lib
 		endif
 	endif
+	ifndef NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+		APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+		COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DAPPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	endif
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
 	PTHREAD_LIBS =
 endif
 
@@ -1383,6 +1054,13 @@ ifdef USE_LIBPCRE
 	EXTLIBS += -lpcre
 endif
 
+ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
+endif
+
+IMAP_SEND_BUILDDEPS =
+IMAP_SEND_LDFLAGS =
+
 ifdef NO_CURL
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_CURL
 	REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY =
@@ -1397,7 +1075,7 @@ else
 		CURL_LIBCURL = -lcurl
 	endif
 	ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL
-		CURL_LIBCURL +=	-lssl
+		CURL_LIBCURL += -lssl
 		ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
 			CURL_LIBCURL += -lcrypto
 		endif
@@ -1411,12 +1089,21 @@ else
 	REMOTE_CURL_NAMES = $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY) $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES)
 	PROGRAM_OBJS += http-fetch.o
 	PROGRAMS += $(REMOTE_CURL_NAMES)
-	curl_check := $(shell (echo 070908; curl-config --vernum) | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
+	curl_check := $(shell (echo 070908; $(CURL_CONFIG) --vernum | sed -e '/^70[BC]/s/^/0/') 2>/dev/null | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
 	ifeq "$(curl_check)" "070908"
 		ifndef NO_EXPAT
 			PROGRAM_OBJS += http-push.o
 		endif
 	endif
+	curl_check := $(shell (echo 072200; $(CURL_CONFIG) --vernum | sed -e '/^70[BC]/s/^/0/') 2>/dev/null | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
+	ifeq "$(curl_check)" "072200"
+		USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifdef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUSE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+		IMAP_SEND_BUILDDEPS = http.o
+		IMAP_SEND_LDFLAGS += $(CURL_LIBCURL)
+	endif
 	ifndef NO_EXPAT
 		ifdef EXPATDIR
 			BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(EXPATDIR)/include
@@ -1424,8 +1111,12 @@ else
 		else
 			EXPAT_LIBEXPAT = -lexpat
 		endif
+		ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+			BASIC_CFLAGS += -DEXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+		endif
 	endif
 endif
+IMAP_SEND_LDFLAGS += $(OPENSSL_LINK) $(OPENSSL_LIBSSL) $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
 
 ifdef ZLIB_PATH
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(ZLIB_PATH)/include
@@ -1457,6 +1148,9 @@ ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO
 else
 	LIB_4_CRYPTO = $(OPENSSL_LINK) -lcrypto
 endif
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	LIB_4_CRYPTO += -framework Security -framework CoreFoundation
+endif
 endif
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
 	ifdef ICONVDIR
@@ -1465,6 +1159,9 @@ ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
 	else
 		ICONV_LINK =
 	endif
+	ifdef NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV
+		ICONV_LINK += -lintl
+	endif
 	EXTLIBS += $(ICONV_LINK) -liconv
 endif
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBGEN
@@ -1487,8 +1184,8 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT
 endif
-ifdef NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
+ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
 endif
 ifdef NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
@@ -1521,6 +1218,12 @@ ifdef GETTEXT_POISON
 endif
 ifdef NO_GETTEXT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_GETTEXT
+	USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME ?= fallthrough
+endif
+ifdef NO_POLL
+	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_POLL -Icompat/poll
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/poll/poll.o
 endif
 ifdef NO_STRCASESTR
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRCASESTR
@@ -1537,21 +1240,6 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_STRTOULL
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOULL
 endif
-ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strtok_r.o
-endif
-ifdef NO_FNMATCH
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
-else
-ifdef NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
-endif
-endif
 ifdef NO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/setenv.o
@@ -1560,6 +1248,10 @@ ifdef NO_MKDTEMP
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MKDTEMP
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mkdtemp.o
 endif
+ifdef MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DMKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mkdir.o
+endif
 ifdef NO_MKSTEMPS
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MKSTEMPS
 endif
@@ -1573,6 +1265,9 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_SYS_POLL_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYS_POLL_H
 endif
+ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+endif
 ifdef NO_INTTYPES_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTTYPES_H
 endif
@@ -1591,6 +1286,13 @@ endif
 ifdef OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DOBJECT_CREATION_MODE=1
 endif
+ifdef NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+	NO_SETITIMER = YesPlease
+endif
+ifdef NO_SETITIMER
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETITIMER
+endif
 ifdef NO_PREAD
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_PREAD
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/pread.o
@@ -1601,9 +1303,16 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE
 endif
+ifdef NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/stat.o
+endif
 ifdef NO_IPV6
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_IPV6
 endif
+ifdef NO_INTPTR_T
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTPTR_T
+endif
 ifdef NO_UINTMAX_T
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Duintmax_t=uint32_t
 endif
@@ -1624,7 +1333,6 @@ ifdef NO_INET_PTON
 endif
 ifndef NO_UNIX_SOCKETS
 	LIB_OBJS += unix-socket.o
-	LIB_H += unix-socket.h
 	PROGRAM_OBJS += credential-cache.o
 	PROGRAM_OBJS += credential-cache--daemon.o
 endif
@@ -1645,20 +1353,33 @@ ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_POSIX_GOODIES
 endif
 
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	# Apple CommonCrypto requires chunking
+	SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE = 1024L*1024L*1024L
+endif
+
 ifdef BLK_SHA1
 	SHA1_HEADER = "block-sha1/sha1.h"
 	LIB_OBJS += block-sha1/sha1.o
-	LIB_H += block-sha1/sha1.h
 else
 ifdef PPC_SHA1
 	SHA1_HEADER = "ppc/sha1.h"
 	LIB_OBJS += ppc/sha1.o ppc/sha1ppc.o
-	LIB_H += ppc/sha1.h
+else
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DCOMMON_DIGEST_FOR_OPENSSL
+	SHA1_HEADER = <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
 else
 	SHA1_HEADER = <openssl/sha.h>
 	EXTLIBS += $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
 endif
 endif
+endif
+
+ifdef SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE
+	LIB_OBJS += compat/sha1-chunked.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DSHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE="$(SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE)"
+endif
 ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 	export NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 endif
@@ -1670,6 +1391,9 @@ ifdef NO_MEMMEM
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MEMMEM
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/memmem.o
 endif
+ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_GETPAGESIZE
+endif
 ifdef INTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DINTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/qsort.o
@@ -1692,6 +1416,11 @@ endif
 
 ifdef HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_LIBCHARSET_H
+	EXTLIBS += $(CHARSET_LIB)
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRINGS_H
 endif
 
 ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
@@ -1708,6 +1437,9 @@ ifdef NO_REGEX
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/regex
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/regex/regex.o
 endif
+ifdef NATIVE_CRLF
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNATIVE_CRLF
+endif
 
 ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
        COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/nedmalloc
@@ -1722,28 +1454,54 @@ ifndef NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS
 	MSGFMT += --check --statistics
 endif
 
+ifneq (,$(XDL_FAST_HASH))
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DXDL_FAST_HASH
+endif
+
+ifdef GMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/gmtime.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DGMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+	EXTLIBS += -lrt
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_BSD_SYSCTL
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_GETDELIM
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_GETDELIM
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(TCLTK_PATH),)
-NO_TCLTK=NoThanks
+NO_TCLTK = NoThanks
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PERL_PATH),)
-NO_PERL=NoThanks
+NO_PERL = NoThanks
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PYTHON_PATH),)
-NO_PYTHON=NoThanks
+NO_PYTHON = NoThanks
 endif
 
 QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
 QUIET_SUBDIR1  =
 
-ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),w),w)
+ifneq ($(findstring w,$(MAKEFLAGS)),w)
 PRINT_DIR = --no-print-directory
 else # "make -w"
 NO_SUBDIR = :
 endif
 
-ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),s),s)
+ifneq ($(findstring s,$(MAKEFLAGS)),s)
 ifndef V
 	QUIET_CC       = @echo '   ' CC $@;
 	QUIET_AR       = @echo '   ' AR $@;
@@ -1755,6 +1513,7 @@ ifndef V
 	QUIET_MSGFMT   = @echo '   ' MSGFMT $@;
 	QUIET_GCOV     = @echo '   ' GCOV $@;
 	QUIET_SP       = @echo '   ' SP $<;
+	QUIET_RC       = @echo '   ' RC $@;
 	QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +@subdir=
 	QUIET_SUBDIR1  = ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
 			 $(MAKE) $(PRINT_DIR) -C $$subdir
@@ -1764,8 +1523,28 @@ ifndef V
 endif
 endif
 
-ifdef ASCIIDOC7
-	export ASCIIDOC7
+ifdef NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS
+	export NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS
+endif
+
+### profile feedback build
+#
+
+# Can adjust this to be a global directory if you want to do extended
+# data gathering
+PROFILE_DIR := $(CURDIR)
+
+ifeq ("$(PROFILE)","GEN")
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -fprofile-generate=$(PROFILE_DIR) -DNO_NORETURN=1
+	EXTLIBS += -lgcov
+	export CCACHE_DISABLE = t
+	V = 1
+else
+ifneq ("$(PROFILE)","")
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -fprofile-use=$(PROFILE_DIR) -fprofile-correction -DNO_NORETURN=1
+	export CCACHE_DISABLE = t
+	V = 1
+endif
 endif
 
 # Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
@@ -1777,12 +1556,12 @@ ETC_GITATTRIBUTES_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES))
 DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 bindir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir_relative))
-mandir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir))
-infodir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir))
+mandir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir_relative))
+infodir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir_relative))
 localedir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(localedir))
 gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
 template_dir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(template_dir))
-htmldir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir))
+htmldir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir_relative))
 prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
 gitwebdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitwebdir))
 
@@ -1791,6 +1570,7 @@ PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
 PYTHON_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PYTHON_PATH))
 TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
 DIFF_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DIFF))
+PERLLIB_EXTRA_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERLLIB_EXTRA))
 
 LIBS = $(GITLIBS) $(EXTLIBS)
 
@@ -1814,6 +1594,25 @@ DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ))
 BASIC_CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_PAGER='$(DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ_SQ)'
 endif
 
+ifdef SHELL_PATH
+SHELL_PATH_CQ = "$(subst ",\",$(subst \,\\,$(SHELL_PATH)))"
+SHELL_PATH_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH_CQ))
+
+BASIC_CFLAGS += -DSHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_CQ_SQ)'
+endif
+
+GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(GIT_USER_AGENT))
+GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ = "$(subst ",\",$(subst \,\\,$(GIT_USER_AGENT)))"
+GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ))
+GIT-USER-AGENT: FORCE
+	@if test x'$(GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ)' != x"`cat GIT-USER-AGENT 2>/dev/null`"; then \
+		echo '$(GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ)' >GIT-USER-AGENT; \
+	fi
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT
+BASIC_CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT='"$(DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT)"'
+endif
+
 ALL_CFLAGS += $(BASIC_CFLAGS)
 ALL_LDFLAGS += $(BASIC_LDFLAGS)
 
@@ -1824,7 +1623,29 @@ export DIFF TAR INSTALL DESTDIR SHELL_PATH
 
 SHELL = $(SHELL_PATH)
 
-all:: shell_compatibility_test $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) $(OTHER_PROGRAMS) GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+all:: shell_compatibility_test
+
+ifeq "$(PROFILE)" "BUILD"
+all:: profile
+endif
+
+profile:: profile-clean
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN all
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN -j1 test
+	@if test -n "$$GIT_PERF_REPO" || test -d .git; then \
+		$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN -j1 perf; \
+	else \
+		echo "Skipping profile of perf tests..."; \
+	fi
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=USE all
+
+profile-fast: profile-clean
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN all
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN -j1 perf
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=USE all
+
+
+all:: $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) $(OTHER_PROGRAMS) GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
 ifneq (,$X)
 	$(QUIET_BUILT_IN)$(foreach p,$(patsubst %$X,%,$(filter %$X,$(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(BUILT_INS) git$X)), test -d '$p' -o '$p' -ef '$p$X' || $(RM) '$p';)
 endif
@@ -1837,9 +1658,6 @@ endif
 ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' localedir='$(localedir_SQ)' all
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)git_remote_helpers $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' all
-endif
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)templates $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) SHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)'
 
 please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell:
@@ -1848,67 +1666,137 @@ please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell:
 shell_compatibility_test: please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
 
 strip: $(PROGRAMS) git$X
-	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $(PROGRAMS) git$X
-
-git.o: common-cmds.h
-git.sp git.s git.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DGIT_VERSION='"$(GIT_VERSION)"' \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $^
+
+### Target-specific flags and dependencies
+
+# The generic compilation pattern rule and automatically
+# computed header dependencies (falling back to a dependency on
+# LIB_H) are enough to describe how most targets should be built,
+# but some targets are special enough to need something a little
+# different.
+#
+# - When a source file "foo.c" #includes a generated header file,
+#   we need to list that dependency for the "foo.o" target.
+#
+#   We also list it from other targets that are built from foo.c
+#   like "foo.sp" and "foo.s", even though that is easy to forget
+#   to do because the generated header is already present around
+#   after a regular build attempt.
+#
+# - Some code depends on configuration kept in makefile
+#   variables. The target-specific variable EXTRA_CPPFLAGS can
+#   be used to convey that information to the C preprocessor
+#   using -D options.
+#
+#   The "foo.o" target should have a corresponding dependency on
+#   a file that changes when the value of the makefile variable
+#   changes.  For example, targets making use of the
+#   $(GIT_VERSION) variable depend on GIT-VERSION-FILE.
+#
+#   Technically the ".sp" and ".s" targets do not need this
+#   dependency because they are force-built, but they get the
+#   same dependency for consistency. This way, you do not have to
+#   know how each target is implemented. And it means the
+#   dependencies here will not need to change if the force-build
+#   details change some day.
+
+git.sp git.s git.o: GIT-PREFIX
+git.sp git.s git.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
 
 git$X: git.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(GITLIBS)
-	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ git.o \
-		$(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) git.o \
+		$(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(LIBS)
 
-help.sp help.o: common-cmds.h
+help.sp help.s help.o: common-cmds.h
 
-builtin/help.sp builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h
+builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h GIT-PREFIX
 builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
+
+version.sp version.s version.o: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-USER-AGENT
+version.sp version.s version.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
+	'-DGIT_VERSION="$(GIT_VERSION)"' \
+	'-DGIT_USER_AGENT=$(GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ_SQ)'
 
 $(BUILT_INS): git$X
 	$(QUIET_BUILT_IN)$(RM) $@ && \
-	ln git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
-	ln -s git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
-	cp git$X $@
+	ln $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	ln -s $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	cp $< $@
 
-common-cmds.h: ./generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt
+common-cmds.h: generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt
 
 common-cmds.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git-*.txt)
-	$(QUIET_GEN)./generate-cmdlist.sh > $@+ && mv $@+ $@
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(SHELL_PATH) ./generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt >$@+ && mv $@+ $@
 
+SCRIPT_DEFINES = $(SHELL_PATH_SQ):$(DIFF_SQ):$(GIT_VERSION):\
+	$(localedir_SQ):$(NO_CURL):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME):$(SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ):\
+	$(gitwebdir_SQ):$(PERL_PATH_SQ):$(SANE_TEXT_GREP)
 define cmd_munge_script
 $(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@SHELL_PATH@|$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@@DIFF@@|$(DIFF_SQ)|' \
-    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
     -e 's|@@LOCALEDIR@@|$(localedir_SQ)|g' \
     -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
+    -e 's/@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@/$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)/g' \
     -e $(BROKEN_PATH_FIX) \
+    -e 's|@@GITWEBDIR@@|$(gitwebdir_SQ)|g' \
+    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
+    -e 's|@@SANE_TEXT_GREP@@|$(SANE_TEXT_GREP)|g' \
     $@.sh >$@+
 endef
 
-$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) : % : %.sh
+GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(SCRIPT_DEFINES)'; \
+	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
+            fi
+
+
+$(SCRIPT_SH_GEN) : % : %.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
-$(SCRIPT_LIB) : % : %.sh
+$(SCRIPT_LIB) : % : %.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+git.res: git.rc GIT-VERSION-FILE
+	$(QUIET_RC)$(RC) \
+	  $(join -DMAJOR= -DMINOR=, $(wordlist 1,2,$(subst -, ,$(subst ., ,$(GIT_VERSION))))) \
+	  -DGIT_VERSION="\\\"$(GIT_VERSION)\\\"" $< -o $@
+
+# This makes sure we depend on the NO_PERL setting itself.
+$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN): GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+
 ifndef NO_PERL
-$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): perl/perl.mak
+$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN): perl/perl.mak
+
+perl/perl.mak: perl/PM.stamp
+
+perl/PM.stamp: FORCE
+	@$(FIND) perl -type f -name '*.pm' | sort >$@+ && \
+	{ cmp $@+ $@ >/dev/null 2>/dev/null || mv $@+ $@; } && \
+	$(RM) $@+
 
-perl/perl.mak: GIT-CFLAGS perl/Makefile perl/Makefile.PL
+perl/perl.mak: GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX perl/Makefile perl/Makefile.PL
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' $(@F)
 
-$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): % : %.perl
+PERL_DEFINES = $(PERL_PATH_SQ):$(PERLLIB_EXTRA_SQ)
+$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN): % : %.perl perl/perl.mak GIT-PERL-DEFINES GIT-VERSION-FILE
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C perl -s --no-print-directory instlibdir` && \
+	INSTLIBDIR_EXTRA='$(PERLLIB_EXTRA_SQ)' && \
+	INSTLIBDIR="$$INSTLIBDIR$${INSTLIBDIR_EXTRA:+:$$INSTLIBDIR_EXTRA}" && \
 	sed -e '1{' \
 	    -e '	s|#!.*perl|#!$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e '	h' \
@@ -1917,27 +1805,28 @@ $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): % : %.perl
 	    -e '	x' \
 	    -e '}' \
 	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $@.perl >$@+ && \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+GIT-PERL-DEFINES: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(PERL_DEFINES)'; \
+	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new perl-specific parameters"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
+	    fi
+
 
 .PHONY: gitweb
 gitweb:
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)gitweb $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) all
 
-git-instaweb: git-instaweb.sh gitweb
-	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
-	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
-	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
-	    -e 's|@@GITWEBDIR@@|$(gitwebdir_SQ)|g' \
-	    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
-	    $@.sh > $@+ && \
+git-instaweb: git-instaweb.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 else # NO_PERL
-$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) git-instaweb: % : unimplemented.sh
+$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN) git-instaweb: % : unimplemented.sh
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e 's|@@REASON@@|NO_PERL=$(NO_PERL)|g' \
@@ -1946,21 +1835,19 @@ $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) git-instaweb: % : unimplemented.sh
 	mv $@+ $@
 endif # NO_PERL
 
+# This makes sure we depend on the NO_PYTHON setting itself.
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+
 ifndef NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): GIT-CFLAGS
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : %.py
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX GIT-PYTHON-VARS
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): % : %.py
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
-	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers -s \
-		--no-print-directory prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' \
-		instlibdir` && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*python|#!$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)|' \
-	    -e 's|\(os\.getenv("GITPYTHONLIB"\)[^)]*)|\1,"@@INSTLIBDIR@@")|' \
-	    -e 's|@@INSTLIBDIR@@|'"$$INSTLIBDIR"'|g' \
-	    $@.py >$@+ && \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 else # NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : unimplemented.sh
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): % : unimplemented.sh
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e 's|@@REASON@@|NO_PYTHON=$(NO_PYTHON)|g' \
@@ -1969,32 +1856,56 @@ $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : unimplemented.sh
 	mv $@+ $@
 endif # NO_PYTHON
 
-configure: configure.ac
-	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $<+ && \
-	sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $< > $<+ && \
-	autoconf -o $@ $<+ && \
-	$(RM) $<+
-
-# These can record GIT_VERSION
-git.o git.spec \
-	$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
-	$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
-	: GIT-VERSION-FILE
-
-TEST_OBJS := $(patsubst test-%$X,test-%.o,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
-GIT_OBJS := $(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(PROGRAM_OBJS) $(TEST_OBJS) \
+CONFIGURE_RECIPE = $(RM) configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+			configure.ac >configure.ac+ && \
+		   autoconf -o configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   $(RM) configure.ac+
+
+configure: configure.ac GIT-VERSION-FILE
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE)
+
+ifdef AUTOCONFIGURED
+# We avoid depending on 'configure' here, because it gets rebuilt
+# every time GIT-VERSION-FILE is modified, only to update the embedded
+# version number string, which config.status does not care about.  We
+# do want to recheck when the platform/environment detection logic
+# changes, hence this depends on configure.ac.
+config.status: configure.ac
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE) && \
+	if test -f config.status; then \
+	  ./config.status --recheck; \
+	else \
+	  ./configure; \
+	fi
+reconfigure config.mak.autogen: config.status
+	$(QUIET_GEN)./config.status
+.PHONY: reconfigure # This is a convenience target.
+endif
+
+XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xdiffi.o
+XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xprepare.o
+XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xutils.o
+XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xemit.o
+XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xmerge.o
+XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xpatience.o
+XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xhistogram.o
+
+VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/line_buffer.o
+VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/sliding_window.o
+VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/repo_tree.o
+VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/fast_export.o
+VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/svndiff.o
+VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/svndump.o
+
+TEST_OBJS := $(patsubst %$X,%.o,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
+OBJECTS := $(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(PROGRAM_OBJS) $(TEST_OBJS) \
+	$(XDIFF_OBJS) \
+	$(VCSSVN_OBJS) \
 	git.o
 ifndef NO_CURL
-	GIT_OBJS += http.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o
+	OBJECTS += http.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o
 endif
-XDIFF_OBJS = xdiff/xdiffi.o xdiff/xprepare.o xdiff/xutils.o xdiff/xemit.o \
-	xdiff/xmerge.o xdiff/xpatience.o xdiff/xhistogram.o
-VCSSVN_OBJS = vcs-svn/string_pool.o vcs-svn/line_buffer.o \
-	vcs-svn/repo_tree.o vcs-svn/fast_export.o vcs-svn/svndump.o
-VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS = test-obj-pool.o test-string-pool.o \
-	test-line-buffer.o test-treap.o
-OBJECTS := $(GIT_OBJS) $(XDIFF_OBJS) $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
 
 dep_files := $(foreach f,$(OBJECTS),$(dir $f).depend/$(notdir $f).d)
 dep_dirs := $(addsuffix .depend,$(sort $(dir $(OBJECTS))))
@@ -2005,30 +1916,14 @@ $(dep_dirs):
 
 missing_dep_dirs := $(filter-out $(wildcard $(dep_dirs)),$(dep_dirs))
 dep_file = $(dir $@).depend/$(notdir $@).d
-dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MMD -MP
-ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-$(error cannot compute header dependencies outside a normal build. \
-Please unset CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES and try again)
-endif
+dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MQ $@ -MMD -MP
 endif
 
 ifneq ($(COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES),yes)
-ifndef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 dep_dirs =
 missing_dep_dirs =
 dep_args =
 endif
-endif
-
-ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-ifndef PRINT_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-missing_deps = $(filter-out $(notdir $^), \
-	$(notdir $(shell $(MAKE) -s $@ \
-		CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES=YesPlease \
-		USE_COMPUTED_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES=YesPlease \
-		PRINT_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES=YesPlease)))
-endif
-endif
 
 ASM_SRC := $(wildcard $(OBJECTS:o=S))
 ASM_OBJ := $(ASM_SRC:S=o)
@@ -2036,48 +1931,13 @@ C_OBJ := $(filter-out $(ASM_OBJ),$(OBJECTS))
 
 .SUFFIXES:
 
-ifdef PRINT_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-$(C_OBJ): %.o: %.c FORCE
-	echo $^
-$(ASM_OBJ): %.o: %.S FORCE
-	echo $^
-
-ifndef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-$(error cannot print header dependencies during a normal build. \
-Please set CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES and try again)
-endif
-endif
-
-ifndef PRINT_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-$(C_OBJ): %.o: %.c $(dep_files) FORCE
-	@set -e; echo CHECK $@; \
-	missing_deps="$(missing_deps)"; \
-	if test "$$missing_deps"; \
-	then \
-		echo missing dependencies: $$missing_deps; \
-		false; \
-	fi
-$(ASM_OBJ): %.o: %.S $(dep_files) FORCE
-	@set -e; echo CHECK $@; \
-	missing_deps="$(missing_deps)"; \
-	if test "$$missing_deps"; \
-	then \
-		echo missing dependencies: $$missing_deps; \
-		false; \
-	fi
-endif
-endif
-
-ifndef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 $(C_OBJ): %.o: %.c GIT-CFLAGS $(missing_dep_dirs)
 	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $*.o -c $(dep_args) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
 $(ASM_OBJ): %.o: %.S GIT-CFLAGS $(missing_dep_dirs)
 	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $*.o -c $(dep_args) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
-endif
 
 %.s: %.c GIT-CFLAGS FORCE
-	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
+	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $@ -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
 
 ifdef USE_COMPUTED_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 # Take advantage of gcc's on-the-fly dependency generation
@@ -2093,56 +1953,34 @@ else
 # Dependencies on automatically generated headers such as common-cmds.h
 # should _not_ be included here, since they are necessary even when
 # building an object for the first time.
-#
-# XXX. Please check occasionally that these include all dependencies
-# gcc detects!
-
-$(GIT_OBJS): $(LIB_H)
-builtin/branch.o builtin/checkout.o builtin/clone.o builtin/reset.o branch.o transport.o: branch.h
-builtin/bundle.o bundle.o transport.o: bundle.h
-builtin/bisect--helper.o builtin/rev-list.o bisect.o: bisect.h
-builtin/clone.o builtin/fetch-pack.o transport.o: fetch-pack.h
-builtin/grep.o builtin/pack-objects.o transport-helper.o thread-utils.o: thread-utils.h
-builtin/send-pack.o transport.o: send-pack.h
-builtin/log.o builtin/shortlog.o: shortlog.h
-builtin/prune.o builtin/reflog.o reachable.o: reachable.h
-builtin/commit.o builtin/revert.o wt-status.o: wt-status.h
-builtin/tar-tree.o archive-tar.o: tar.h
-connect.o transport.o url.o http-backend.o: url.h
-http-fetch.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o transport.o walker.o: walker.h
-http.o http-walker.o http-push.o http-fetch.o remote-curl.o: http.h url.h
-
-xdiff-interface.o $(XDIFF_OBJS): \
-	xdiff/xinclude.h xdiff/xmacros.h xdiff/xdiff.h xdiff/xtypes.h \
-	xdiff/xutils.h xdiff/xprepare.h xdiff/xdiffi.h xdiff/xemit.h
-
-$(VCSSVN_OBJS) $(VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS): $(LIB_H) \
-	vcs-svn/obj_pool.h vcs-svn/trp.h vcs-svn/string_pool.h \
-	vcs-svn/line_buffer.h vcs-svn/repo_tree.h vcs-svn/fast_export.h \
-	vcs-svn/svndump.h
 
-test-svn-fe.o: vcs-svn/svndump.h
+$(OBJECTS): $(LIB_H)
 endif
 
+exec_cmd.sp exec_cmd.s exec_cmd.o: GIT-PREFIX
 exec_cmd.sp exec_cmd.s exec_cmd.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	'-DGIT_EXEC_PATH="$(gitexecdir_SQ)"' \
 	'-DBINDIR="$(bindir_relative_SQ)"' \
 	'-DPREFIX="$(prefix_SQ)"'
 
+builtin/init-db.sp builtin/init-db.s builtin/init-db.o: GIT-PREFIX
 builtin/init-db.sp builtin/init-db.s builtin/init-db.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DDEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='"$(template_dir_SQ)"'
 
+config.sp config.s config.o: GIT-PREFIX
 config.sp config.s config.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DETC_GITCONFIG='"$(ETC_GITCONFIG_SQ)"'
 
+attr.sp attr.s attr.o: GIT-PREFIX
 attr.sp attr.s attr.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DETC_GITATTRIBUTES='"$(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES_SQ)"'
 
+gettext.sp gettext.s gettext.o: GIT-PREFIX
 gettext.sp gettext.s gettext.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DGIT_LOCALE_PATH='"$(localedir_SQ)"'
 
-http.sp http.s http.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	-DGIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT='"git/$(GIT_VERSION)"'
+http-push.sp http.sp http-walker.sp remote-curl.sp imap-send.sp: SPARSE_FLAGS += \
+	-DCURL_DISABLE_TYPECHECK
 
 ifdef NO_EXPAT
 http-walker.sp http-walker.s http-walker.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DNO_EXPAT
@@ -2156,21 +1994,26 @@ endif
 ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
 compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.sp compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DNDEBUG -DOVERRIDE_STRDUP -DREPLACE_SYSTEM_ALLOCATOR
+compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.sp: SPARSE_FLAGS += -Wno-non-pointer-null
 endif
 
 git-%$X: %.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(LIBS)
 
-git-imap-send$X: imap-send.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
+git-imap-send$X: imap-send.o $(IMAP_SEND_BUILDDEPS) GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
-		$(LIBS) $(OPENSSL_LINK) $(OPENSSL_LIBSSL) $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
+		$(LIBS) $(IMAP_SEND_LDFLAGS)
 
-git-http-fetch$X: revision.o http.o http-walker.o http-fetch.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
+git-http-fetch$X: http.o http-walker.o http-fetch.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
-		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL)
-git-http-push$X: revision.o http.o http-push.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
+		$(CURL_LIBCURL) $(LIBS)
+git-http-push$X: http.o http-push.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
-		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
+		$(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT) $(LIBS)
+
+git-remote-testsvn$X: remote-testsvn.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(LIBS) \
+	$(VCSSVN_LIB)
 
 $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES): $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY)
 	$(QUIET_LNCP)$(RM) $@ && \
@@ -2180,17 +2023,20 @@ $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES): $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY)
 
 $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY): remote-curl.o http.o http-walker.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
-		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
+		$(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT) $(LIBS)
 
 $(LIB_FILE): $(LIB_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(LIB_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
 
 $(XDIFF_LIB): $(XDIFF_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(XDIFF_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
 
 $(VCSSVN_LIB): $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
+
+export DEFAULT_EDITOR DEFAULT_PAGER
 
+.PHONY: doc man html info pdf
 doc:
 	$(MAKE) -C Documentation all
 
@@ -2208,16 +2054,17 @@ pdf:
 
 XGETTEXT_FLAGS = \
 	--force-po \
-	--add-comments \
+	--add-comments=TRANSLATORS: \
 	--msgid-bugs-address="Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>" \
 	--from-code=UTF-8
 XGETTEXT_FLAGS_C = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=C \
 	--keyword=_ --keyword=N_ --keyword="Q_:1,2"
-XGETTEXT_FLAGS_SH = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=Shell
+XGETTEXT_FLAGS_SH = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=Shell \
+	--keyword=gettextln --keyword=eval_gettextln
 XGETTEXT_FLAGS_PERL = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --keyword=__ --language=Perl
-LOCALIZED_C := $(C_OBJ:o=c)
-LOCALIZED_SH := $(SCRIPT_SH)
-LOCALIZED_PERL := $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+LOCALIZED_C = $(C_OBJ:o=c) $(LIB_H) $(GENERATED_H)
+LOCALIZED_SH = $(SCRIPT_SH) git-parse-remote.sh
+LOCALIZED_PERL = $(SCRIPT_PERL)
 
 ifdef XGETTEXT_INCLUDE_TESTS
 LOCALIZED_C += t/t0200/test.c
@@ -2225,7 +2072,7 @@ LOCALIZED_SH += t/t0200/test.sh
 LOCALIZED_PERL += t/t0200/test.perl
 endif
 
-po/git.pot: $(LOCALIZED_C)
+po/git.pot: $(GENERATED_H) FORCE
 	$(QUIET_XGETTEXT)$(XGETTEXT) -o$@+ $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS_C) $(LOCALIZED_C)
 	$(QUIET_XGETTEXT)$(XGETTEXT) -o$@+ --join-existing $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS_SH) \
 		$(LOCALIZED_SH)
@@ -2233,6 +2080,7 @@ po/git.pot: $(LOCALIZED_C)
 		$(LOCALIZED_PERL)
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+.PHONY: pot
 pot: po/git.pot
 
 POFILES := $(wildcard po/*.po)
@@ -2262,14 +2110,22 @@ cscope:
 	$(FIND_SOURCE_FILES) | xargs cscope -b
 
 ### Detect prefix changes
-TRACK_CFLAGS = $(CC):$(subst ','\'',$(ALL_CFLAGS)):\
-             $(bindir_SQ):$(gitexecdir_SQ):$(template_dir_SQ):$(prefix_SQ):\
-             $(localedir_SQ)
+TRACK_PREFIX = $(bindir_SQ):$(gitexecdir_SQ):$(template_dir_SQ):$(prefix_SQ):\
+		$(localedir_SQ)
+
+GIT-PREFIX: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_PREFIX)'; \
+	if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-PREFIX 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new prefix flags"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-PREFIX; \
+	fi
+
+TRACK_CFLAGS = $(CC):$(subst ','\'',$(ALL_CFLAGS)):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)
 
 GIT-CFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_CFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-CFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new build flags or prefix"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new build flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-CFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2278,7 +2134,7 @@ TRACK_LDFLAGS = $(subst ','\'',$(ALL_LDFLAGS))
 GIT-LDFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_LDFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-LDFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new link flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new link flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-LDFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2286,33 +2142,56 @@ GIT-LDFLAGS: FORCE
 # that runs GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS, and then again to protect it
 # and the first level quoting from the shell that runs "echo".
 GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS: FORCE
-	@echo SHELL_PATH=\''$(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH_SQ))'\' >$@
-	@echo PERL_PATH=\''$(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH_SQ))'\' >>$@
-	@echo DIFF=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(DIFF)))'\' >>$@
-	@echo PYTHON_PATH=\''$(subst ','\'',$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ))'\' >>$@
-	@echo TAR=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TAR)))'\' >>$@
-	@echo NO_CURL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_CURL)))'\' >>$@
-	@echo USE_LIBPCRE=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(USE_LIBPCRE)))'\' >>$@
-	@echo NO_PERL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PERL)))'\' >>$@
-	@echo NO_PYTHON=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PYTHON)))'\' >>$@
+	@echo SHELL_PATH=\''$(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH_SQ))'\' >$@+
+	@echo PERL_PATH=\''$(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH_SQ))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo DIFF=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(DIFF)))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo PYTHON_PATH=\''$(subst ','\'',$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo TAR=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TAR)))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo NO_CURL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_CURL)))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo NO_EXPAT=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_EXPAT)))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo USE_LIBPCRE=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(USE_LIBPCRE)))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo NO_PERL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PERL)))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo NO_PYTHON=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PYTHON)))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo NO_UNIX_SOCKETS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_UNIX_SOCKETS)))'\' >>$@+
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+	@echo TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)))'\' >>$@+
+endif
+ifdef GIT_TEST_OPTS
+	@echo GIT_TEST_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_TEST_OPTS)))'\' >>$@+
+endif
 ifdef GIT_TEST_CMP
-	@echo GIT_TEST_CMP=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_TEST_CMP)))'\' >>$@
+	@echo GIT_TEST_CMP=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_TEST_CMP)))'\' >>$@+
 endif
 ifdef GIT_TEST_CMP_USE_COPIED_CONTEXT
-	@echo GIT_TEST_CMP_USE_COPIED_CONTEXT=YesPlease >>$@
+	@echo GIT_TEST_CMP_USE_COPIED_CONTEXT=YesPlease >>$@+
+endif
+	@echo NO_GETTEXT=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_GETTEXT)))'\' >>$@+
+	@echo GETTEXT_POISON=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GETTEXT_POISON)))'\' >>$@+
+ifdef GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT
+	@echo GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT)))'\' >>$@+
+endif
+ifdef GIT_PERF_REPO
+	@echo GIT_PERF_REPO=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_PERF_REPO)))'\' >>$@+
+endif
+ifdef GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO
+	@echo GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO)))'\' >>$@+
 endif
-	@echo NO_GETTEXT=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_GETTEXT)))'\' >>$@
-	@echo GETTEXT_POISON=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GETTEXT_POISON)))'\' >>$@
-	@echo NO_UNIX_SOCKETS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_UNIX_SOCKETS)))'\' >>$@
+ifdef GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS
+	@echo GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS)))'\' >>$@+
+endif
+ifdef TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION
+	@echo TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION)))'\' >>$@+
+endif
+	@if cmp $@+ $@ >/dev/null 2>&1; then $(RM) $@+; else mv $@+ $@; fi
 
-### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
-ifndef NO_TCLTK
-TRACK_VARS = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+### Detect Python interpreter path changes
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+TRACK_PYTHON = $(subst ','\'',-DPYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)')
 
-GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
-	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
+GIT-PYTHON-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_PYTHON)'; \
 	    if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new Python interpreter location"; \
 		echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
             fi
 endif
@@ -2320,12 +2199,13 @@ endif
 test_bindir_programs := $(patsubst %,bin-wrappers/%,$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X) $(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X) $(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
 all:: $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(test_bindir_programs)
+all:: $(NO_INSTALL)
 
 bin-wrappers/%: wrap-for-bin.sh
 	@mkdir -p bin-wrappers
 	$(QUIET_GEN)sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	     -e 's|@@BUILD_DIR@@|$(shell pwd)|' \
-	     -e 's|@@PROG@@|$(@F)|' < $< > $@ && \
+	     -e 's|@@PROG@@|$(patsubst test-%,t/helper/test-%,$(@F))|' < $< > $@ && \
 	chmod +x $@
 
 # GNU make supports exporting all variables by "export" without parameters.
@@ -2333,33 +2213,37 @@ bin-wrappers/%: wrap-for-bin.sh
 # with that.
 
 export NO_SVN_TESTS
+export TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK
 
 ### Testing rules
 
 test: all
 	$(MAKE) -C t/ all
 
-test-ctype$X: ctype.o
+perf: all
+	$(MAKE) -C t/perf/ all
 
-test-date$X: date.o ctype.o
+.PHONY: test perf
 
-test-delta$X: diff-delta.o patch-delta.o
+t/helper/test-ctype$X: ctype.o
 
-test-line-buffer$X: vcs-svn/lib.a
+t/helper/test-date$X: date.o ctype.o
 
-test-parse-options$X: parse-options.o parse-options-cb.o
+t/helper/test-delta$X: diff-delta.o patch-delta.o
 
-test-string-pool$X: vcs-svn/lib.a
+t/helper/test-line-buffer$X: vcs-svn/lib.a
 
-test-svn-fe$X: vcs-svn/lib.a
+t/helper/test-parse-options$X: parse-options.o parse-options-cb.o
+
+t/helper/test-svn-fe$X: vcs-svn/lib.a
 
 .PRECIOUS: $(TEST_OBJS)
 
-test-%$X: test-%.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
+t/helper/test-%$X: t/helper/test-%.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(filter %.a,$^) $(LIBS)
 
-check-sha1:: test-sha1$X
-	./test-sha1.sh
+check-sha1:: t/helper/test-sha1$X
+	t/helper/test-sha1.sh
 
 SP_OBJ = $(patsubst %.o,%.sp,$(C_OBJ))
 
@@ -2373,16 +2257,13 @@ sparse: $(SP_OBJ)
 check: common-cmds.h
 	@if sparse; \
 	then \
-		echo 2>&1 "Use 'make sparse' instead"; \
+		echo >&2 "Use 'make sparse' instead"; \
 		$(MAKE) --no-print-directory sparse; \
 	else \
-		echo 2>&1 "Did you mean 'make test'?"; \
+		echo >&2 "Did you mean 'make test'?"; \
 		exit 1; \
 	fi
 
-remove-dashes:
-	./fixup-builtins $(BUILT_INS) $(PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPTS)
-
 ### Installation rules
 
 ifneq ($(filter /%,$(firstword $(template_dir))),)
@@ -2409,6 +2290,13 @@ mergetools_instdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mergetools_instdir))
 
 install_bindir_programs := $(patsubst %,%$X,$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X)) $(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X)
 
+.PHONY: profile-install profile-fast-install
+profile-install: profile
+	$(MAKE) install
+
+profile-fast-install: profile-fast
+	$(MAKE) install
+
 install: all
 	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
 	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
@@ -2427,9 +2315,6 @@ ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(MAKE) -C perl prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb install
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
-endif
 ifndef NO_TCLTK
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git install
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui gitexecdir='$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)' install
@@ -2443,19 +2328,21 @@ endif
 	{ test "$$bindir/" = "$$execdir/" || \
 	  for p in git$X $(filter $(install_bindir_programs),$(ALL_PROGRAMS)); do \
 		$(RM) "$$execdir/$$p" && \
-		test -z "$(NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS)" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS)$(NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS)" && \
 		ln "$$bindir/$$p" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		cp "$$bindir/$$p" "$$execdir/$$p" || exit; \
 	  done; \
 	} && \
 	for p in $(filter $(install_bindir_programs),$(BUILT_INS)); do \
 		$(RM) "$$bindir/$$p" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS)" && \
 		ln "$$bindir/git$X" "$$bindir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		ln -s "git$X" "$$bindir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		cp "$$bindir/git$X" "$$bindir/$$p" || exit; \
 	done && \
 	for p in $(BUILT_INS); do \
 		$(RM) "$$execdir/$$p" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS)" && \
 		ln "$$execdir/git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		ln -s "git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		cp "$$execdir/git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" || exit; \
@@ -2463,12 +2350,15 @@ endif
 	remote_curl_aliases="$(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES)" && \
 	for p in $$remote_curl_aliases; do \
 		$(RM) "$$execdir/$$p" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS)" && \
 		ln "$$execdir/git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		ln -s "git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		cp "$$execdir/git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" || exit; \
 	done && \
 	./check_bindir "z$$bindir" "z$$execdir" "$$bindir/git-add$X"
 
+.PHONY: install-gitweb install-doc install-man install-html install-info install-pdf
+.PHONY: quick-install-doc quick-install-man quick-install-html
 install-gitweb:
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb install
 
@@ -2500,34 +2390,29 @@ quick-install-html:
 
 ### Maintainer's dist rules
 
-git.spec: git.spec.in
-	sed -e 's/@@VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' < $< > $@+
-	mv $@+ $@
-
-GIT_TARNAME=git-$(GIT_VERSION)
-dist: git.spec git-archive$(X) configure
+GIT_TARNAME = git-$(GIT_VERSION)
+dist: git-archive$(X) configure
 	./git-archive --format=tar \
 		--prefix=$(GIT_TARNAME)/ HEAD^{tree} > $(GIT_TARNAME).tar
 	@mkdir -p $(GIT_TARNAME)
-	@cp git.spec configure $(GIT_TARNAME)
+	@cp configure $(GIT_TARNAME)
 	@echo $(GIT_VERSION) > $(GIT_TARNAME)/version
 	@$(MAKE) -C git-gui TARDIR=../$(GIT_TARNAME)/git-gui dist-version
 	$(TAR) rf $(GIT_TARNAME).tar \
-		$(GIT_TARNAME)/git.spec \
 		$(GIT_TARNAME)/configure \
 		$(GIT_TARNAME)/version \
 		$(GIT_TARNAME)/git-gui/version
 	@$(RM) -r $(GIT_TARNAME)
 	gzip -f -9 $(GIT_TARNAME).tar
 
-rpm: dist
-	$(RPMBUILD) \
-		--define "_source_filedigest_algorithm md5" \
-		--define "_binary_filedigest_algorithm md5" \
-		-ta $(GIT_TARNAME).tar.gz
+rpm::
+	@echo >&2 "Use distro packaged sources to run rpmbuild"
+	@false
+.PHONY: rpm
 
 htmldocs = git-htmldocs-$(GIT_VERSION)
 manpages = git-manpages-$(GIT_VERSION)
+.PHONY: dist-doc distclean
 dist-doc:
 	$(RM) -r .doc-tmp-dir
 	mkdir .doc-tmp-dir
@@ -2550,19 +2435,23 @@ dist-doc:
 
 distclean: clean
 	$(RM) configure
-	$(RM) po/git.pot
+	$(RM) config.log config.status config.cache
+	$(RM) config.mak.autogen config.mak.append
+	$(RM) -r autom4te.cache
+
+profile-clean:
+	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
+	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
 
-clean:
-	$(RM) *.o block-sha1/*.o ppc/*.o compat/*.o compat/*/*.o xdiff/*.o vcs-svn/*.o \
-		builtin/*.o $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
+clean: profile-clean coverage-clean
+	$(RM) *.res
+	$(RM) $(OBJECTS)
+	$(RM) $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
 	$(RM) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git$X
-	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
-	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers
-	$(RM) -r $(dep_dirs)
+	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(NO_INSTALL)
+	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers $(dep_dirs)
 	$(RM) -r po/build/
 	$(RM) *.spec *.pyc *.pyo */*.pyc */*.pyo common-cmds.h $(ETAGS_TARGET) tags cscope*
-	$(RM) -r autom4te.cache
-	$(RM) config.log config.mak.autogen config.mak.append config.status config.cache
 	$(RM) -r $(GIT_TARNAME) .doc-tmp-dir
 	$(RM) $(GIT_TARNAME).tar.gz git-core_$(GIT_VERSION)-*.tar.gz
 	$(RM) $(htmldocs).tar.gz $(manpages).tar.gz
@@ -2571,25 +2460,32 @@ ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb clean
 	$(MAKE) -C perl clean
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers clean
-endif
 	$(MAKE) -C templates/ clean
 	$(MAKE) -C t/ clean
 ifndef NO_TCLTK
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git clean
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui clean
 endif
-	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-GUI-VARS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	$(RM) GIT-USER-AGENT GIT-PREFIX
+	$(RM) GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES GIT-PERL-DEFINES GIT-PYTHON-VARS
 
-.PHONY: all install clean strip
+.PHONY: all install profile-clean clean strip
 .PHONY: shell_compatibility_test please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
 .PHONY: FORCE cscope
 
 ### Check documentation
 #
+ALL_COMMANDS = $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS)
+ALL_COMMANDS += git
+ALL_COMMANDS += gitk
+ALL_COMMANDS += gitweb
+ALL_COMMANDS += git-gui git-citool
+
+.PHONY: check-docs
 check-docs::
-	@(for v in $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git gitk; \
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation lint-docs
+	@(for v in $(ALL_COMMANDS); \
 	do \
 		case "$$v" in \
 		git-merge-octopus | git-merge-ours | git-merge-recursive | \
@@ -2600,7 +2496,7 @@ check-docs::
 		esac ; \
 		test -f "Documentation/$$v.txt" || \
 		echo "no doc: $$v"; \
-		sed -e '/^#/d' command-list.txt | \
+		sed -e '1,/^### command list/d' -e '/^#/d' command-list.txt | \
 		grep -q "^$$v[ 	]" || \
 		case "$$v" in \
 		git) ;; \
@@ -2608,38 +2504,17 @@ check-docs::
 		esac ; \
 	done; \
 	( \
-		sed -e '/^#/d' \
+		sed -e '1,/^### command list/d' \
+		    -e '/^#/d' \
 		    -e 's/[ 	].*//' \
 		    -e 's/^/listed /' command-list.txt; \
-		ls -1 Documentation/git*txt | \
+		$(MAKE) -C Documentation print-man1 | \
+		grep '\.txt$$' | \
 		sed -e 's|Documentation/|documented |' \
 		    -e 's/\.txt//'; \
 	) | while read how cmd; \
 	do \
-		case "$$how,$$cmd" in \
-		*,git-citool | \
-		*,git-gui | \
-		*,git-help | \
-		documented,gitattributes | \
-		documented,gitignore | \
-		documented,gitmodules | \
-		documented,gitcli | \
-		documented,git-tools | \
-		documented,gitcore-tutorial | \
-		documented,gitcvs-migration | \
-		documented,gitdiffcore | \
-		documented,gitglossary | \
-		documented,githooks | \
-		documented,gitrepository-layout | \
-		documented,gitrevisions | \
-		documented,gittutorial | \
-		documented,gittutorial-2 | \
-		documented,git-bisect-lk2009 | \
-		documented,git-remote-helpers | \
-		documented,gitworkflows | \
-		sentinel,not,matching,is,ok ) continue ;; \
-		esac; \
-		case " $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git gitk " in \
+		case " $(ALL_COMMANDS) " in \
 		*" $$cmd "*)	;; \
 		*) echo "removed but $$how: $$cmd" ;; \
 		esac; \
@@ -2652,29 +2527,35 @@ check-builtins::
 
 ### Test suite coverage testing
 #
-.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-build coverage-report
+.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-compile coverage-test coverage-report
+.PHONY: coverage-untested-functions cover_db cover_db_html
+.PHONY: coverage-clean-results
 
 coverage:
-	$(MAKE) coverage-build
-	$(MAKE) coverage-report
+	$(MAKE) coverage-test
+	$(MAKE) coverage-untested-functions
 
 object_dirs := $(sort $(dir $(OBJECTS)))
-coverage-clean:
+coverage-clean-results:
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcov,$(object_dirs))
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(object_dirs))
-	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
 	$(RM) coverage-untested-functions
 	$(RM) -r cover_db/
 	$(RM) -r cover_db_html/
 
+coverage-clean: coverage-clean-results
+	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
+
 COVERAGE_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -O0 -ftest-coverage -fprofile-arcs
 COVERAGE_LDFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)  -O0 -lgcov
 GCOVFLAGS = --preserve-paths --branch-probabilities --all-blocks
 
-coverage-build: coverage-clean
+coverage-compile:
 	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" all
+
+coverage-test: coverage-clean-results coverage-compile
 	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" \
-		-j1 test
+		DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=test -j1 test
 
 coverage-report:
 	$(QUIET_GCOV)for dir in $(object_dirs); do \
@@ -2692,18 +2573,3 @@ cover_db: coverage-report
 cover_db_html: cover_db
 	cover -report html -outputdir cover_db_html cover_db
 
-### profile feedback build
-#
-.PHONY: profile-all profile-clean
-
-PROFILE_GEN_CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS) -fprofile-generate -DNO_NORETURN=1
-PROFILE_USE_CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS) -fprofile-use -fprofile-correction -DNO_NORETURN=1
-
-profile-clean:
-	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(object_dirs))
-	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
-
-profile-all: profile-clean
-	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(PROFILE_GEN_CFLAGS)" all
-	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(PROFILE_GEN_CFLAGS)" -j1 test
-	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(PROFILE_USE_CFLAGS)" all
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd8a918a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+Git - fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
+=========================================================
+
+Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
+unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
+and full access to internals.
+
+Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public
+License version 2 (some parts of it are under different licenses,
+compatible with the GPLv2). It was originally written by Linus
+Torvalds with help of a group of hackers around the net.
+
+Please read the file [INSTALL][] for installation instructions.
+
+Many Git online resources are accessible from http://git-scm.com/
+including full documentation and Git related tools.
+
+See [Documentation/gittutorial.txt][] to get started, then see
+[Documentation/giteveryday.txt][] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
+Documentation/git-<commandname>.txt for documentation of each command.
+If git has been correctly installed, then the tutorial can also be
+read with `man gittutorial` or `git help tutorial`, and the
+documentation of each command with `man git-<commandname>` or `git help
+<commandname>`.
+
+CVS users may also want to read [Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt][]
+(`man gitcvs-migration` or `git help cvs-migration` if git is
+installed).
+
+The user discussion and development of Git take place on the Git
+mailing list -- everyone is welcome to post bug reports, feature
+requests, comments and patches to git@vger.kernel.org (read
+[Documentation/SubmittingPatches][] for instructions on patch submission).
+To subscribe to the list, send an email with just "subscribe git" in
+the body to majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are
+available at http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/,
+http://marc.info/?l=git and other archival sites.
+
+The maintainer frequently sends the "What's cooking" reports that
+list the current status of various development topics to the mailing
+list.  The discussion following them give a good reference for
+project status, development direction and remaining tasks.
+
+The name "git" was given by Linus Torvalds when he wrote the very
+first version. He described the tool as "the stupid content tracker"
+and the name as (depending on your mood):
+
+ - random three-letter combination that is pronounceable, and not
+   actually used by any common UNIX command.  The fact that it is a
+   mispronunciation of "get" may or may not be relevant.
+ - stupid. contemptible and despicable. simple. Take your pick from the
+   dictionary of slang.
+ - "global information tracker": you're in a good mood, and it actually
+   works for you. Angels sing, and a light suddenly fills the room.
+ - "goddamn idiotic truckload of sh*t": when it breaks
+
+[INSTALL]: INSTALL
+[Documentation/gittutorial.txt]: Documentation/gittutorial.txt
+[Documentation/giteveryday.txt]: Documentation/giteveryday.txt
+[Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt]: Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
+[Documentation/SubmittingPatches]: Documentation/SubmittingPatches
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index 766bbaf8f5..62615ffa4e 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.0.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/abspath.c b/abspath.c
index f04ac18e33..2825de8591 100644
--- a/abspath.c
+++ b/abspath.c
@@ -15,129 +15,141 @@ int is_directory(const char *path)
 #define MAXDEPTH 5
 
 /*
- * Use this to get the real path, i.e. resolve links. If you want an
- * absolute path but don't mind links, use absolute_path.
+ * Return the real path (i.e., absolute path, with symlinks resolved
+ * and extra slashes removed) equivalent to the specified path.  (If
+ * you want an absolute path but don't mind links, use
+ * absolute_path().)  The return value is a pointer to a static
+ * buffer.
+ *
+ * The input and all intermediate paths must be shorter than MAX_PATH.
+ * The directory part of path (i.e., everything up to the last
+ * dir_sep) must denote a valid, existing directory, but the last
+ * component need not exist.  If die_on_error is set, then die with an
+ * informative error message if there is a problem.  Otherwise, return
+ * NULL on errors (without generating any output).
  *
  * If path is our buffer, then return path, as it's already what the
  * user wants.
  */
-const char *real_path(const char *path)
+static const char *real_path_internal(const char *path, int die_on_error)
 {
-	static char bufs[2][PATH_MAX + 1], *buf = bufs[0], *next_buf = bufs[1];
-	char cwd[1024] = "";
-	int buf_index = 1;
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *retval = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have to temporarily chdir(), store the original CWD
+	 * here so that we can chdir() back to it at the end of the
+	 * function:
+	 */
+	struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
 	char *last_elem = NULL;
 	struct stat st;
 
 	/* We've already done it */
-	if (path == buf || path == next_buf)
+	if (path == sb.buf)
 		return path;
 
-	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
-		die ("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+	if (!*path) {
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+		else
+			goto error_out;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb, path);
 
 	while (depth--) {
-		if (!is_directory(buf)) {
-			char *last_slash = find_last_dir_sep(buf);
+		if (!is_directory(sb.buf)) {
+			char *last_slash = find_last_dir_sep(sb.buf);
 			if (last_slash) {
-				*last_slash = '\0';
 				last_elem = xstrdup(last_slash + 1);
+				strbuf_setlen(&sb, last_slash - sb.buf + 1);
 			} else {
-				last_elem = xstrdup(buf);
-				*buf = '\0';
+				last_elem = xmemdupz(sb.buf, sb.len);
+				strbuf_reset(&sb);
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (*buf) {
-			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-				die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+		if (sb.len) {
+			if (!cwd.len && strbuf_getcwd(&cwd)) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 
-			if (chdir(buf))
-				die_errno ("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+			if (chdir(sb.buf)) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not switch to '%s'",
+						  sb.buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+		}
+		if (strbuf_getcwd(&sb)) {
+			if (die_on_error)
+				die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+			else
+				goto error_out;
 		}
-		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX))
-			die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
 
 		if (last_elem) {
-			size_t len = strlen(buf);
-			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX)
-				die ("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
-						buf, last_elem);
-			if (len && !is_dir_sep(buf[len-1]))
-				buf[len++] = '/';
-			strcpy(buf + len, last_elem);
+			if (sb.len && !is_dir_sep(sb.buf[sb.len - 1]))
+				strbuf_addch(&sb, '/');
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, last_elem);
 			free(last_elem);
 			last_elem = NULL;
 		}
 
-		if (!lstat(buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
-			ssize_t len = readlink(buf, next_buf, PATH_MAX);
-			if (len < 0)
-				die_errno ("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
-			if (PATH_MAX <= len)
-				die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
-			next_buf[len] = '\0';
-			buf = next_buf;
-			buf_index = 1 - buf_index;
-			next_buf = bufs[buf_index];
+		if (!lstat(sb.buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+			struct strbuf next_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			ssize_t len = strbuf_readlink(&next_sb, sb.buf, 0);
+			if (len < 0) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Invalid symlink '%s'",
+						  sb.buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+			strbuf_swap(&sb, &next_sb);
+			strbuf_release(&next_sb);
 		} else
 			break;
 	}
 
-	if (*cwd && chdir(cwd))
-		die_errno ("Could not change back to '%s'", cwd);
+	retval = sb.buf;
+error_out:
+	free(last_elem);
+	if (cwd.len && chdir(cwd.buf))
+		die_errno("Could not change back to '%s'", cwd.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&cwd);
 
-	return buf;
+	return retval;
 }
 
-static const char *get_pwd_cwd(void)
+const char *real_path(const char *path)
 {
-	static char cwd[PATH_MAX + 1];
-	char *pwd;
-	struct stat cwd_stat, pwd_stat;
-	if (getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX) == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-	pwd = getenv("PWD");
-	if (pwd && strcmp(pwd, cwd)) {
-		stat(cwd, &cwd_stat);
-		if ((cwd_stat.st_dev || cwd_stat.st_ino) &&
-		    !stat(pwd, &pwd_stat) &&
-		    pwd_stat.st_dev == cwd_stat.st_dev &&
-		    pwd_stat.st_ino == cwd_stat.st_ino) {
-			strlcpy(cwd, pwd, PATH_MAX);
-		}
-	}
-	return cwd;
+	return real_path_internal(path, 1);
+}
+
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path)
+{
+	return real_path_internal(path, 0);
 }
 
 /*
  * Use this to get an absolute path from a relative one. If you want
  * to resolve links, you should use real_path.
- *
- * If the path is already absolute, then return path. As the user is
- * never meant to free the return value, we're safe.
  */
 const char *absolute_path(const char *path)
 {
-	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
-
-	if (is_absolute_path(path)) {
-		if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
-			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
-	} else {
-		size_t len;
-		const char *fmt;
-		const char *cwd = get_pwd_cwd();
-		if (!cwd)
-			die_errno("Cannot determine the current working directory");
-		len = strlen(cwd);
-		fmt = (len > 0 && is_dir_sep(cwd[len-1])) ? "%s%s" : "%s/%s";
-		if (snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, fmt, cwd, path) >= PATH_MAX)
-			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
-	}
-	return buf;
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&sb, path);
+	return sb.buf;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -147,23 +159,22 @@ const char *absolute_path(const char *path)
  */
 const char *prefix_filename(const char *pfx, int pfx_len, const char *arg)
 {
-	static char path[PATH_MAX];
-#ifndef WIN32
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	if (!pfx_len || is_absolute_path(arg))
 		return arg;
-	memcpy(path, pfx, pfx_len);
-	strcpy(path + pfx_len, arg);
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	strbuf_add(&path, pfx, pfx_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, arg);
 #else
-	char *p;
 	/* don't add prefix to absolute paths, but still replace '\' by '/' */
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
 	if (is_absolute_path(arg))
 		pfx_len = 0;
 	else if (pfx_len)
-		memcpy(path, pfx, pfx_len);
-	strcpy(path + pfx_len, arg);
-	for (p = path + pfx_len; *p; p++)
-		if (*p == '\\')
-			*p = '/';
+		strbuf_add(&path, pfx, pfx_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, arg);
+	convert_slashes(path.buf + pfx_len);
 #endif
-	return path;
+	return path.buf;
 }
diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
index e02e632df3..4dc5cf10a8 100644
--- a/advice.c
+++ b/advice.c
@@ -1,38 +1,72 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int advice_push_nonfastforward = 1;
+int advice_push_update_rejected = 1;
+int advice_push_non_ff_current = 1;
+int advice_push_non_ff_matching = 1;
+int advice_push_already_exists = 1;
+int advice_push_fetch_first = 1;
+int advice_push_needs_force = 1;
 int advice_status_hints = 1;
+int advice_status_u_option = 1;
 int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
 int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
 int advice_implicit_identity = 1;
 int advice_detached_head = 1;
+int advice_set_upstream_failure = 1;
+int advice_object_name_warning = 1;
+int advice_rm_hints = 1;
 
 static struct {
 	const char *name;
 	int *preference;
 } advice_config[] = {
-	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_nonfastforward },
+	{ "pushupdaterejected", &advice_push_update_rejected },
+	{ "pushnonffcurrent", &advice_push_non_ff_current },
+	{ "pushnonffmatching", &advice_push_non_ff_matching },
+	{ "pushalreadyexists", &advice_push_already_exists },
+	{ "pushfetchfirst", &advice_push_fetch_first },
+	{ "pushneedsforce", &advice_push_needs_force },
 	{ "statushints", &advice_status_hints },
+	{ "statusuoption", &advice_status_u_option },
 	{ "commitbeforemerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
 	{ "resolveconflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },
 	{ "implicitidentity", &advice_implicit_identity },
 	{ "detachedhead", &advice_detached_head },
+	{ "setupstreamfailure", &advice_set_upstream_failure },
+	{ "objectnamewarning", &advice_object_name_warning },
+	{ "rmhints", &advice_rm_hints },
+
+	/* make this an alias for backward compatibility */
+	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_update_rejected }
 };
 
 void advise(const char *advice, ...)
 {
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	va_list params;
+	const char *cp, *np;
 
 	va_start(params, advice);
-	vreportf("hint: ", advice, params);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, advice, params);
 	va_end(params);
+
+	for (cp = buf.buf; *cp; cp = np) {
+		np = strchrnul(cp, '\n');
+		fprintf(stderr,	_("hint: %.*s\n"), (int)(np - cp), cp);
+		if (*np)
+			np++;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
 int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	const char *k = skip_prefix(var, "advice.");
+	const char *k;
 	int i;
 
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, "advice.", &k))
+		return 0;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(advice_config); i++) {
 		if (strcmp(k, advice_config[i].name))
 			continue;
@@ -45,17 +79,14 @@ int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 int error_resolve_conflict(const char *me)
 {
-	error("'%s' is not possible because you have unmerged files.", me);
-	if (advice_resolve_conflict) {
+	error("%s is not possible because you have unmerged files.", me);
+	if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 		/*
 		 * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 		 * other commands doing a merge do.
 		 */
-		advise("Fix them up in the work tree,");
-		advise("and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as");
-		advise("appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,");
-		advise("or use 'git commit -a'.");
-	}
+		advise(_("Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+			 "as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."));
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -64,3 +95,25 @@ void NORETURN die_resolve_conflict(const char *me)
 	error_resolve_conflict(me);
 	die("Exiting because of an unresolved conflict.");
 }
+
+void NORETURN die_conclude_merge(void)
+{
+	error(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."));
+	if (advice_resolve_conflict)
+		advise(_("Please, commit your changes before merging."));
+	die(_("Exiting because of unfinished merge."));
+}
+
+void detach_advice(const char *new_name)
+{
+	const char fmt[] =
+	"Note: checking out '%s'.\n\n"
+	"You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental\n"
+	"changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this\n"
+	"state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.\n\n"
+	"If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may\n"
+	"do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:\n\n"
+	"  git checkout -b <new-branch-name>\n\n";
+
+	fprintf(stderr, fmt, new_name);
+}
diff --git a/advice.h b/advice.h
index e5d0af782b..b341a55ce7 100644
--- a/advice.h
+++ b/advice.h
@@ -3,16 +3,28 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 
-extern int advice_push_nonfastforward;
+extern int advice_push_update_rejected;
+extern int advice_push_non_ff_current;
+extern int advice_push_non_ff_matching;
+extern int advice_push_already_exists;
+extern int advice_push_fetch_first;
+extern int advice_push_needs_force;
 extern int advice_status_hints;
+extern int advice_status_u_option;
 extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
 extern int advice_resolve_conflict;
 extern int advice_implicit_identity;
 extern int advice_detached_head;
+extern int advice_set_upstream_failure;
+extern int advice_object_name_warning;
+extern int advice_rm_hints;
 
 int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 void advise(const char *advice, ...);
 int error_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
 extern void NORETURN die_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
+void NORETURN die_conclude_merge(void);
+void detach_advice(const char *new_name);
 
 #endif /* ADVICE_H */
diff --git a/alias.c b/alias.c
index eb9f08b912..3b90397a99 100644
--- a/alias.c
+++ b/alias.c
@@ -1,25 +1,14 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-static const char *alias_key;
-static char *alias_val;
-
-static int alias_lookup_cb(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
-{
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "alias.") && !strcmp(k+6, alias_key)) {
-		if (!v)
-			return config_error_nonbool(k);
-		alias_val = xstrdup(v);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 char *alias_lookup(const char *alias)
 {
-	alias_key = alias;
-	alias_val = NULL;
-	git_config(alias_lookup_cb, NULL);
-	return alias_val;
+	char *v = NULL;
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&key, "alias.%s", alias);
+	if (git_config_key_is_valid(key.buf))
+		git_config_get_string(key.buf, &v);
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+	return v;
 }
 
 #define SPLIT_CMDLINE_BAD_ENDING 1
@@ -34,7 +23,7 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 	int src, dst, count = 0, size = 16;
 	char quoted = 0;
 
-	*argv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * size);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(*argv, size);
 
 	/* split alias_string */
 	(*argv)[count++] = cmdline;
@@ -45,7 +34,7 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 			while (cmdline[++src]
 					&& isspace(cmdline[src]))
 				; /* skip */
-			ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
+			ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count + 1, size);
 			(*argv)[count++] = cmdline + dst;
 		} else if (!quoted && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 			quoted = c;
@@ -76,12 +65,13 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 		return -SPLIT_CMDLINE_UNCLOSED_QUOTE;
 	}
 
-	ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
+	ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count + 1, size);
 	(*argv)[count] = NULL;
 
 	return count;
 }
 
-const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int split_cmdline_errno) {
-	return split_cmdline_errors[-split_cmdline_errno-1];
+const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int split_cmdline_errno)
+{
+	return split_cmdline_errors[-split_cmdline_errno - 1];
 }
diff --git a/alloc.c b/alloc.c
index aeae55c976..12afadfacd 100644
--- a/alloc.c
+++ b/alloc.c
@@ -18,25 +18,6 @@
 
 #define BLOCKING 1024
 
-#define DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(name, type)				\
-static unsigned int name##_allocs;				\
-void *alloc_##name##_node(void)					\
-{								\
-	static int nr;						\
-	static type *block;					\
-	void *ret;						\
-								\
-	if (!nr) {						\
-		nr = BLOCKING;					\
-		block = xmalloc(BLOCKING * sizeof(type));	\
-	}							\
-	nr--;							\
-	name##_allocs++;					\
-	ret = block++;						\
-	memset(ret, 0, sizeof(type));				\
-	return ret;						\
-}
-
 union any_object {
 	struct object object;
 	struct blob blob;
@@ -45,11 +26,75 @@ union any_object {
 	struct tag tag;
 };
 
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(blob, struct blob)
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(tree, struct tree)
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(commit, struct commit)
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(tag, struct tag)
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(object, union any_object)
+struct alloc_state {
+	int count; /* total number of nodes allocated */
+	int nr;    /* number of nodes left in current allocation */
+	void *p;   /* first free node in current allocation */
+};
+
+static inline void *alloc_node(struct alloc_state *s, size_t node_size)
+{
+	void *ret;
+
+	if (!s->nr) {
+		s->nr = BLOCKING;
+		s->p = xmalloc(BLOCKING * node_size);
+	}
+	s->nr--;
+	s->count++;
+	ret = s->p;
+	s->p = (char *)s->p + node_size;
+	memset(ret, 0, node_size);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state blob_state;
+void *alloc_blob_node(void)
+{
+	struct blob *b = alloc_node(&blob_state, sizeof(struct blob));
+	b->object.type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	return b;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state tree_state;
+void *alloc_tree_node(void)
+{
+	struct tree *t = alloc_node(&tree_state, sizeof(struct tree));
+	t->object.type = OBJ_TREE;
+	return t;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state tag_state;
+void *alloc_tag_node(void)
+{
+	struct tag *t = alloc_node(&tag_state, sizeof(struct tag));
+	t->object.type = OBJ_TAG;
+	return t;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state object_state;
+void *alloc_object_node(void)
+{
+	struct object *obj = alloc_node(&object_state, sizeof(union any_object));
+	obj->type = OBJ_NONE;
+	return obj;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state commit_state;
+
+unsigned int alloc_commit_index(void)
+{
+	static unsigned int count;
+	return count++;
+}
+
+void *alloc_commit_node(void)
+{
+	struct commit *c = alloc_node(&commit_state, sizeof(struct commit));
+	c->object.type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+	c->index = alloc_commit_index();
+	return c;
+}
 
 static void report(const char *name, unsigned int count, size_t size)
 {
@@ -57,13 +102,14 @@ static void report(const char *name, unsigned int count, size_t size)
 			name, count, (uintmax_t) size);
 }
 
-#define REPORT(name)	\
-    report(#name, name##_allocs, name##_allocs*sizeof(struct name) >> 10)
+#define REPORT(name, type)	\
+    report(#name, name##_state.count, name##_state.count * sizeof(type) >> 10)
 
 void alloc_report(void)
 {
-	REPORT(blob);
-	REPORT(tree);
-	REPORT(commit);
-	REPORT(tag);
+	REPORT(blob, struct blob);
+	REPORT(tree, struct tree);
+	REPORT(commit, struct commit);
+	REPORT(tag, struct tag);
+	REPORT(object, union any_object);
 }
diff --git a/archive-tar.c b/archive-tar.c
index 20af0051a3..cb99df2814 100644
--- a/archive-tar.c
+++ b/archive-tar.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "tar.h"
 #include "archive.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 
 #define RECORDSIZE	(512)
@@ -30,10 +31,9 @@ static void write_if_needed(void)
  * queues up writes, so that all our write(2) calls write exactly one
  * full block; pads writes to RECORDSIZE
  */
-static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
+static void do_write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
 {
 	const char *buf = data;
-	unsigned long tail;
 
 	if (offset) {
 		unsigned long chunk = BLOCKSIZE - offset;
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
 		memcpy(block + offset, buf, size);
 		offset += size;
 	}
+}
+
+static void finish_record(void)
+{
+	unsigned long tail;
 	tail = offset % RECORDSIZE;
 	if (tail)  {
 		memset(block + offset, 0, RECORDSIZE - tail);
@@ -62,6 +67,12 @@ static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
 	write_if_needed();
 }
 
+static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
+{
+	do_write_blocked(data, size);
+	finish_record();
+}
+
 /*
  * The end of tar archives is marked by 2*512 nul bytes and after that
  * follows the rest of the block (if any).
@@ -78,6 +89,33 @@ static void write_trailer(void)
 }
 
 /*
+ * queues up writes, so that all our write(2) calls write exactly one
+ * full block; pads writes to RECORDSIZE
+ */
+static int stream_blocked(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct git_istream *st;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	char buf[BLOCKSIZE];
+	ssize_t readlen;
+
+	st = open_istream(sha1, &type, &sz, NULL);
+	if (!st)
+		return error("cannot stream blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	for (;;) {
+		readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (readlen <= 0)
+			break;
+		do_write_blocked(buf, readlen);
+	}
+	close_istream(st);
+	if (!readlen)
+		finish_record();
+	return readlen;
+}
+
+/*
  * pax extended header records have the format "%u %s=%s\n".  %u contains
  * the size of the whole string (including the %u), the first %s is the
  * keyword, the second one is the value.  This function constructs such a
@@ -101,13 +139,13 @@ static void strbuf_append_ext_header(struct strbuf *sb, const char *keyword,
 
 static unsigned int ustar_header_chksum(const struct ustar_header *header)
 {
-	char *p = (char *)header;
+	const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)header;
 	unsigned int chksum = 0;
-	while (p < header->chksum)
+	while (p < (const unsigned char *)header->chksum)
 		chksum += *p++;
 	chksum += sizeof(header->chksum) * ' ';
 	p += sizeof(header->chksum);
-	while (p < (char *)header + sizeof(struct ustar_header))
+	while (p < (const unsigned char *)header + sizeof(struct ustar_header))
 		chksum += *p++;
 	return chksum;
 }
@@ -115,6 +153,8 @@ static unsigned int ustar_header_chksum(const struct ustar_header *header)
 static size_t get_path_prefix(const char *path, size_t pathlen, size_t maxlen)
 {
 	size_t i = pathlen;
+	if (i > 1 && path[i - 1] == '/')
+		i--;
 	if (i > maxlen)
 		i = maxlen;
 	do {
@@ -123,91 +163,129 @@ static size_t get_path_prefix(const char *path, size_t pathlen, size_t maxlen)
 	return i;
 }
 
+static void prepare_header(struct archiver_args *args,
+			   struct ustar_header *header,
+			   unsigned int mode, unsigned long size)
+{
+	xsnprintf(header->mode, sizeof(header->mode), "%07o", mode & 07777);
+	xsnprintf(header->size, sizeof(header->size), "%011lo", S_ISREG(mode) ? size : 0);
+	xsnprintf(header->mtime, sizeof(header->mtime), "%011lo", (unsigned long) args->time);
+
+	xsnprintf(header->uid, sizeof(header->uid), "%07o", 0);
+	xsnprintf(header->gid, sizeof(header->gid), "%07o", 0);
+	strlcpy(header->uname, "root", sizeof(header->uname));
+	strlcpy(header->gname, "root", sizeof(header->gname));
+	xsnprintf(header->devmajor, sizeof(header->devmajor), "%07o", 0);
+	xsnprintf(header->devminor, sizeof(header->devminor), "%07o", 0);
+
+	memcpy(header->magic, "ustar", 6);
+	memcpy(header->version, "00", 2);
+
+	xsnprintf(header->chksum, sizeof(header->chksum), "%07o", ustar_header_chksum(header));
+}
+
+static int write_extended_header(struct archiver_args *args,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1,
+				 const void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct ustar_header header;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
+	*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_EXT_HEADER;
+	mode = 0100666;
+	xsnprintf(header.name, sizeof(header.name), "%s.paxheader", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	prepare_header(args, &header, mode, size);
+	write_blocked(&header, sizeof(header));
+	write_blocked(buffer, size);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int write_tar_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen,
-		unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   const char *path, size_t pathlen,
+			   unsigned int mode)
 {
 	struct ustar_header header;
 	struct strbuf ext_header = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned int old_mode = mode;
+	unsigned long size;
+	void *buffer;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
 
-	if (!sha1) {
-		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
-		mode = 0100666;
-		strcpy(header.name, "pax_global_header");
-	} else if (!path) {
-		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_EXT_HEADER;
-		mode = 0100666;
-		sprintf(header.name, "%s.paxheader", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_DIR;
+		mode = (mode | 0777) & ~tar_umask;
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_LNK;
+		mode |= 0777;
+	} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_REG;
+		mode = (mode | ((mode & 0100) ? 0777 : 0666)) & ~tar_umask;
 	} else {
-		if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_DIR;
-			mode = (mode | 0777) & ~tar_umask;
-		} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
-			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_LNK;
-			mode |= 0777;
-		} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
-			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_REG;
-			mode = (mode | ((mode & 0100) ? 0777 : 0666)) & ~tar_umask;
+		return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)",
+			     mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	if (pathlen > sizeof(header.name)) {
+		size_t plen = get_path_prefix(path, pathlen,
+					      sizeof(header.prefix));
+		size_t rest = pathlen - plen - 1;
+		if (plen > 0 && rest <= sizeof(header.name)) {
+			memcpy(header.prefix, path, plen);
+			memcpy(header.name, path + plen + 1, rest);
 		} else {
-			return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)",
-					mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			xsnprintf(header.name, sizeof(header.name), "%s.data",
+				  sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "path",
+						 path, pathlen);
 		}
-		if (pathlen > sizeof(header.name)) {
-			size_t plen = get_path_prefix(path, pathlen,
-					sizeof(header.prefix));
-			size_t rest = pathlen - plen - 1;
-			if (plen > 0 && rest <= sizeof(header.name)) {
-				memcpy(header.prefix, path, plen);
-				memcpy(header.name, path + plen + 1, rest);
-			} else {
-				sprintf(header.name, "%s.data",
-				        sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-				strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "path",
-						path, pathlen);
-			}
-		} else
-			memcpy(header.name, path, pathlen);
+	} else
+		memcpy(header.name, path, pathlen);
+
+	if (S_ISREG(mode) && !args->convert &&
+	    sha1_object_info(sha1, &size) == OBJ_BLOB &&
+	    size > big_file_threshold)
+		buffer = NULL;
+	else if (S_ISLNK(mode) || S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		buffer = sha1_file_to_archive(args, path, sha1, old_mode, &type, &size);
+		if (!buffer)
+			return error("cannot read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else {
+		buffer = NULL;
+		size = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (S_ISLNK(mode) && buffer) {
+	if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 		if (size > sizeof(header.linkname)) {
-			sprintf(header.linkname, "see %s.paxheader",
-			        sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			xsnprintf(header.linkname, sizeof(header.linkname),
+				  "see %s.paxheader", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 			strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "linkpath",
 			                         buffer, size);
 		} else
 			memcpy(header.linkname, buffer, size);
 	}
 
-	sprintf(header.mode, "%07o", mode & 07777);
-	sprintf(header.size, "%011lo", S_ISREG(mode) ? size : 0);
-	sprintf(header.mtime, "%011lo", (unsigned long) args->time);
-
-	sprintf(header.uid, "%07o", 0);
-	sprintf(header.gid, "%07o", 0);
-	strlcpy(header.uname, "root", sizeof(header.uname));
-	strlcpy(header.gname, "root", sizeof(header.gname));
-	sprintf(header.devmajor, "%07o", 0);
-	sprintf(header.devminor, "%07o", 0);
-
-	memcpy(header.magic, "ustar", 6);
-	memcpy(header.version, "00", 2);
-
-	sprintf(header.chksum, "%07o", ustar_header_chksum(&header));
+	prepare_header(args, &header, mode, size);
 
 	if (ext_header.len > 0) {
-		err = write_tar_entry(args, sha1, NULL, 0, 0, ext_header.buf,
-				ext_header.len);
-		if (err)
+		err = write_extended_header(args, sha1, ext_header.buf,
+					    ext_header.len);
+		if (err) {
+			free(buffer);
 			return err;
+		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&ext_header);
 	write_blocked(&header, sizeof(header));
-	if (S_ISREG(mode) && buffer && size > 0)
-		write_blocked(buffer, size);
+	if (S_ISREG(mode) && size > 0) {
+		if (buffer)
+			write_blocked(buffer, size);
+		else
+			err = stream_blocked(sha1);
+	}
+	free(buffer);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -215,11 +293,18 @@ static int write_global_extended_header(struct archiver_args *args)
 {
 	const unsigned char *sha1 = args->commit_sha1;
 	struct strbuf ext_header = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int err;
+	struct ustar_header header;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "comment", sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
-	err = write_tar_entry(args, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, ext_header.buf,
-			ext_header.len);
+	memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
+	*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
+	mode = 0100666;
+	xsnprintf(header.name, sizeof(header.name), "pax_global_header");
+	prepare_header(args, &header, mode, ext_header.len);
+	write_blocked(&header, sizeof(header));
+	write_blocked(ext_header.buf, ext_header.len);
 	strbuf_release(&ext_header);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -242,20 +327,12 @@ static struct archiver *find_tar_filter(const char *name, int len)
 static int tar_filter_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	struct archiver *ar;
-	const char *dot;
 	const char *name;
 	const char *type;
 	int namelen;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "tar."))
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "tar", &name, &namelen, &type) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 9)
-		return 0;
-
-	name = var + 4;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	type = dot + 1;
 
 	ar = find_tar_filter(name, namelen);
 	if (!ar) {
@@ -318,7 +395,7 @@ static int write_tar_filter_archive(const struct archiver *ar,
 				    struct archiver_args *args)
 {
 	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct child_process filter;
+	struct child_process filter = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[2];
 	int r;
 
@@ -329,7 +406,6 @@ static int write_tar_filter_archive(const struct archiver *ar,
 	if (args->compression_level >= 0)
 		strbuf_addf(&cmd, " -%d", args->compression_level);
 
-	memset(&filter, 0, sizeof(filter));
 	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
 	argv[1] = NULL;
 	filter.argv = argv;
diff --git a/archive-zip.c b/archive-zip.c
index 02d1f3787a..9db47357b0 100644
--- a/archive-zip.c
+++ b/archive-zip.c
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "archive.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
 
 static int zip_date;
 static int zip_time;
@@ -12,9 +16,13 @@ static unsigned int zip_dir_size;
 
 static unsigned int zip_offset;
 static unsigned int zip_dir_offset;
-static unsigned int zip_dir_entries;
+static uint64_t zip_dir_entries;
+
+static unsigned int max_creator_version;
 
 #define ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE	(1024 * 1024)
+#define ZIP_STREAM	(1 <<  3)
+#define ZIP_UTF8	(1 << 11)
 
 struct zip_local_header {
 	unsigned char magic[4];
@@ -31,6 +39,14 @@ struct zip_local_header {
 	unsigned char _end[1];
 };
 
+struct zip_data_desc {
+	unsigned char magic[4];
+	unsigned char crc32[4];
+	unsigned char compressed_size[4];
+	unsigned char size[4];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
 struct zip_dir_header {
 	unsigned char magic[4];
 	unsigned char creator_version[2];
@@ -64,14 +80,54 @@ struct zip_dir_trailer {
 	unsigned char _end[1];
 };
 
+struct zip_extra_mtime {
+	unsigned char magic[2];
+	unsigned char extra_size[2];
+	unsigned char flags[1];
+	unsigned char mtime[4];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
+struct zip64_dir_trailer {
+	unsigned char magic[4];
+	unsigned char record_size[8];
+	unsigned char creator_version[2];
+	unsigned char version[2];
+	unsigned char disk[4];
+	unsigned char directory_start_disk[4];
+	unsigned char entries_on_this_disk[8];
+	unsigned char entries[8];
+	unsigned char size[8];
+	unsigned char offset[8];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
+struct zip64_dir_trailer_locator {
+	unsigned char magic[4];
+	unsigned char disk[4];
+	unsigned char offset[8];
+	unsigned char number_of_disks[4];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
 /*
  * On ARM, padding is added at the end of the struct, so a simple
  * sizeof(struct ...) reports two bytes more than the payload size
  * we're interested in.
  */
 #define ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_local_header, _end)
+#define ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_data_desc, _end)
 #define ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_dir_header, _end)
 #define ZIP_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_dir_trailer, _end)
+#define ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_extra_mtime, _end)
+#define ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_PAYLOAD_SIZE \
+	(ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE - offsetof(struct zip_extra_mtime, flags))
+#define ZIP64_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip64_dir_trailer, _end)
+#define ZIP64_DIR_TRAILER_RECORD_SIZE \
+	(ZIP64_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE - \
+	 offsetof(struct zip64_dir_trailer, creator_version))
+#define ZIP64_DIR_TRAILER_LOCATOR_SIZE \
+	offsetof(struct zip64_dir_trailer_locator, _end)
 
 static void copy_le16(unsigned char *dest, unsigned int n)
 {
@@ -87,16 +143,41 @@ static void copy_le32(unsigned char *dest, unsigned int n)
 	dest[3] = 0xff & (n >> 030);
 }
 
-static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
-		int compression_level, unsigned long *compressed_size)
+static void copy_le64(unsigned char *dest, uint64_t n)
+{
+	dest[0] = 0xff & n;
+	dest[1] = 0xff & (n >> 010);
+	dest[2] = 0xff & (n >> 020);
+	dest[3] = 0xff & (n >> 030);
+	dest[4] = 0xff & (n >> 040);
+	dest[5] = 0xff & (n >> 050);
+	dest[6] = 0xff & (n >> 060);
+	dest[7] = 0xff & (n >> 070);
+}
+
+static uint64_t clamp_max(uint64_t n, uint64_t max, int *clamped)
+{
+	if (n <= max)
+		return n;
+	*clamped = 1;
+	return max;
+}
+
+static void copy_le16_clamp(unsigned char *dest, uint64_t n, int *clamped)
+{
+	copy_le16(dest, clamp_max(n, 0xffff, clamped));
+}
+
+static void *zlib_deflate_raw(void *data, unsigned long size,
+			      int compression_level,
+			      unsigned long *compressed_size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
 	unsigned long maxsize;
 	void *buffer;
 	int result;
 
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
-	git_deflate_init(&stream, compression_level);
+	git_deflate_init_raw(&stream, compression_level);
 	maxsize = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 	buffer = xmalloc(maxsize);
 
@@ -120,23 +201,94 @@ static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
 	return buffer;
 }
 
+static void write_zip_data_desc(unsigned long size,
+				unsigned long compressed_size,
+				unsigned long crc)
+{
+	struct zip_data_desc trailer;
+
+	copy_le32(trailer.magic, 0x08074b50);
+	copy_le32(trailer.crc32, crc);
+	copy_le32(trailer.compressed_size, compressed_size);
+	copy_le32(trailer.size, size);
+	write_or_die(1, &trailer, ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE);
+}
+
+static void set_zip_dir_data_desc(struct zip_dir_header *header,
+				  unsigned long size,
+				  unsigned long compressed_size,
+				  unsigned long crc)
+{
+	copy_le32(header->crc32, crc);
+	copy_le32(header->compressed_size, compressed_size);
+	copy_le32(header->size, size);
+}
+
+static void set_zip_header_data_desc(struct zip_local_header *header,
+				     unsigned long size,
+				     unsigned long compressed_size,
+				     unsigned long crc)
+{
+	copy_le32(header->crc32, crc);
+	copy_le32(header->compressed_size, compressed_size);
+	copy_le32(header->size, size);
+}
+
+static int has_only_ascii(const char *s)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		int c = *s++;
+		if (c == '\0')
+			return 1;
+		if (!isascii(c))
+			return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int entry_is_binary(const char *path, const void *buffer, size_t size)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *driver = userdiff_find_by_path(path);
+	if (!driver)
+		driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
+	if (driver->binary != -1)
+		return driver->binary;
+	return buffer_is_binary(buffer, size);
+}
+
+#define STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE (1024 * 16)
+
 static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen,
-		unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   const char *path, size_t pathlen,
+			   unsigned int mode)
 {
 	struct zip_local_header header;
 	struct zip_dir_header dirent;
+	struct zip_extra_mtime extra;
 	unsigned long attr2;
 	unsigned long compressed_size;
-	unsigned long uncompressed_size;
 	unsigned long crc;
 	unsigned long direntsize;
 	int method;
 	unsigned char *out;
 	void *deflated = NULL;
+	void *buffer;
+	struct git_istream *stream = NULL;
+	unsigned long flags = 0;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int is_binary = -1;
+	const char *path_without_prefix = path + args->baselen;
+	unsigned int creator_version = 0;
 
 	crc = crc32(0, NULL, 0);
 
+	if (!has_only_ascii(path)) {
+		if (is_utf8(path))
+			flags |= ZIP_UTF8;
+		else
+			warning("Path is not valid UTF-8: %s", path);
+	}
+
 	if (pathlen > 0xffff) {
 		return error("path too long (%d chars, SHA1: %s): %s",
 				(int)pathlen, sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
@@ -146,110 +298,251 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 		method = 0;
 		attr2 = 16;
 		out = NULL;
-		uncompressed_size = 0;
+		size = 0;
 		compressed_size = 0;
+		buffer = NULL;
 	} else if (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
+
 		method = 0;
 		attr2 = S_ISLNK(mode) ? ((mode | 0777) << 16) :
 			(mode & 0111) ? ((mode) << 16) : 0;
-		if (S_ISREG(mode) && args->compression_level != 0)
+		if (S_ISLNK(mode) || (mode & 0111))
+			creator_version = 0x0317;
+		if (S_ISREG(mode) && args->compression_level != 0 && size > 0)
 			method = 8;
-		crc = crc32(crc, buffer, size);
-		out = buffer;
-		uncompressed_size = size;
-		compressed_size = size;
+
+		if (S_ISREG(mode) && type == OBJ_BLOB && !args->convert &&
+		    size > big_file_threshold) {
+			stream = open_istream(sha1, &type, &size, NULL);
+			if (!stream)
+				return error("cannot stream blob %s",
+					     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			flags |= ZIP_STREAM;
+			out = buffer = NULL;
+		} else {
+			buffer = sha1_file_to_archive(args, path, sha1, mode,
+						      &type, &size);
+			if (!buffer)
+				return error("cannot read %s",
+					     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			crc = crc32(crc, buffer, size);
+			is_binary = entry_is_binary(path_without_prefix,
+						    buffer, size);
+			out = buffer;
+		}
+		compressed_size = (method == 0) ? size : 0;
 	} else {
 		return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)", mode,
 				sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 
-	if (method == 8) {
-		deflated = zlib_deflate(buffer, size, args->compression_level,
-				&compressed_size);
-		if (deflated && compressed_size - 6 < size) {
-			/* ZLIB --> raw compressed data (see RFC 1950) */
-			/* CMF and FLG ... */
-			out = (unsigned char *)deflated + 2;
-			compressed_size -= 6;	/* ... and ADLER32 */
-		} else {
+	if (creator_version > max_creator_version)
+		max_creator_version = creator_version;
+
+	if (buffer && method == 8) {
+		out = deflated = zlib_deflate_raw(buffer, size,
+						  args->compression_level,
+						  &compressed_size);
+		if (!out || compressed_size >= size) {
+			out = buffer;
 			method = 0;
 			compressed_size = size;
 		}
 	}
 
+	copy_le16(extra.magic, 0x5455);
+	copy_le16(extra.extra_size, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+	extra.flags[0] = 1;	/* just mtime */
+	copy_le32(extra.mtime, args->time);
+
 	/* make sure we have enough free space in the dictionary */
-	direntsize = ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE + pathlen;
+	direntsize = ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE + pathlen + ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
 	while (zip_dir_size < zip_dir_offset + direntsize) {
 		zip_dir_size += ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE;
 		zip_dir = xrealloc(zip_dir, zip_dir_size);
 	}
 
 	copy_le32(dirent.magic, 0x02014b50);
-	copy_le16(dirent.creator_version,
-		S_ISLNK(mode) || (S_ISREG(mode) && (mode & 0111)) ? 0x0317 : 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.creator_version, creator_version);
 	copy_le16(dirent.version, 10);
-	copy_le16(dirent.flags, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.flags, flags);
 	copy_le16(dirent.compression_method, method);
 	copy_le16(dirent.mtime, zip_time);
 	copy_le16(dirent.mdate, zip_date);
-	copy_le32(dirent.crc32, crc);
-	copy_le32(dirent.compressed_size, compressed_size);
-	copy_le32(dirent.size, uncompressed_size);
+	set_zip_dir_data_desc(&dirent, size, compressed_size, crc);
 	copy_le16(dirent.filename_length, pathlen);
-	copy_le16(dirent.extra_length, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.extra_length, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
 	copy_le16(dirent.comment_length, 0);
 	copy_le16(dirent.disk, 0);
-	copy_le16(dirent.attr1, 0);
 	copy_le32(dirent.attr2, attr2);
 	copy_le32(dirent.offset, zip_offset);
-	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, &dirent, ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE);
-	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE;
-	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, path, pathlen);
-	zip_dir_offset += pathlen;
-	zip_dir_entries++;
 
 	copy_le32(header.magic, 0x04034b50);
 	copy_le16(header.version, 10);
-	copy_le16(header.flags, 0);
+	copy_le16(header.flags, flags);
 	copy_le16(header.compression_method, method);
 	copy_le16(header.mtime, zip_time);
 	copy_le16(header.mdate, zip_date);
-	copy_le32(header.crc32, crc);
-	copy_le32(header.compressed_size, compressed_size);
-	copy_le32(header.size, uncompressed_size);
+	set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, size, compressed_size, crc);
 	copy_le16(header.filename_length, pathlen);
-	copy_le16(header.extra_length, 0);
+	copy_le16(header.extra_length, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
 	write_or_die(1, &header, ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE);
 	zip_offset += ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE;
 	write_or_die(1, path, pathlen);
 	zip_offset += pathlen;
-	if (compressed_size > 0) {
+	write_or_die(1, &extra, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
+	zip_offset += ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
+	if (stream && method == 0) {
+		unsigned char buf[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE];
+		ssize_t readlen;
+
+		for (;;) {
+			readlen = read_istream(stream, buf, sizeof(buf));
+			if (readlen <= 0)
+				break;
+			crc = crc32(crc, buf, readlen);
+			if (is_binary == -1)
+				is_binary = entry_is_binary(path_without_prefix,
+							    buf, readlen);
+			write_or_die(1, buf, readlen);
+		}
+		close_istream(stream);
+		if (readlen)
+			return readlen;
+
+		compressed_size = size;
+		zip_offset += compressed_size;
+
+		write_zip_data_desc(size, compressed_size, crc);
+		zip_offset += ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE;
+
+		set_zip_dir_data_desc(&dirent, size, compressed_size, crc);
+	} else if (stream && method == 8) {
+		unsigned char buf[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE];
+		ssize_t readlen;
+		git_zstream zstream;
+		int result;
+		size_t out_len;
+		unsigned char compressed[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE * 2];
+
+		git_deflate_init_raw(&zstream, args->compression_level);
+
+		compressed_size = 0;
+		zstream.next_out = compressed;
+		zstream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
+
+		for (;;) {
+			readlen = read_istream(stream, buf, sizeof(buf));
+			if (readlen <= 0)
+				break;
+			crc = crc32(crc, buf, readlen);
+			if (is_binary == -1)
+				is_binary = entry_is_binary(path_without_prefix,
+							    buf, readlen);
+
+			zstream.next_in = buf;
+			zstream.avail_in = readlen;
+			result = git_deflate(&zstream, 0);
+			if (result != Z_OK)
+				die("deflate error (%d)", result);
+			out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
+
+			if (out_len > 0) {
+				write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
+				compressed_size += out_len;
+				zstream.next_out = compressed;
+				zstream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
+			}
+
+		}
+		close_istream(stream);
+		if (readlen)
+			return readlen;
+
+		zstream.next_in = buf;
+		zstream.avail_in = 0;
+		result = git_deflate(&zstream, Z_FINISH);
+		if (result != Z_STREAM_END)
+			die("deflate error (%d)", result);
+
+		git_deflate_end(&zstream);
+		out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
+		write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
+		compressed_size += out_len;
+		zip_offset += compressed_size;
+
+		write_zip_data_desc(size, compressed_size, crc);
+		zip_offset += ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE;
+
+		set_zip_dir_data_desc(&dirent, size, compressed_size, crc);
+	} else if (compressed_size > 0) {
 		write_or_die(1, out, compressed_size);
 		zip_offset += compressed_size;
 	}
 
 	free(deflated);
+	free(buffer);
+
+	copy_le16(dirent.attr1, !is_binary);
+
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, &dirent, ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE);
+	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE;
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, path, pathlen);
+	zip_dir_offset += pathlen;
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, &extra, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
+	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
+	zip_dir_entries++;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void write_zip64_trailer(void)
+{
+	struct zip64_dir_trailer trailer64;
+	struct zip64_dir_trailer_locator locator64;
+
+	copy_le32(trailer64.magic, 0x06064b50);
+	copy_le64(trailer64.record_size, ZIP64_DIR_TRAILER_RECORD_SIZE);
+	copy_le16(trailer64.creator_version, max_creator_version);
+	copy_le16(trailer64.version, 45);
+	copy_le32(trailer64.disk, 0);
+	copy_le32(trailer64.directory_start_disk, 0);
+	copy_le64(trailer64.entries_on_this_disk, zip_dir_entries);
+	copy_le64(trailer64.entries, zip_dir_entries);
+	copy_le64(trailer64.size, zip_dir_offset);
+	copy_le64(trailer64.offset, zip_offset);
+
+	copy_le32(locator64.magic, 0x07064b50);
+	copy_le32(locator64.disk, 0);
+	copy_le64(locator64.offset, zip_offset + zip_dir_offset);
+	copy_le32(locator64.number_of_disks, 1);
+
+	write_or_die(1, &trailer64, ZIP64_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE);
+	write_or_die(1, &locator64, ZIP64_DIR_TRAILER_LOCATOR_SIZE);
+}
+
 static void write_zip_trailer(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct zip_dir_trailer trailer;
+	int clamped = 0;
 
 	copy_le32(trailer.magic, 0x06054b50);
 	copy_le16(trailer.disk, 0);
 	copy_le16(trailer.directory_start_disk, 0);
-	copy_le16(trailer.entries_on_this_disk, zip_dir_entries);
-	copy_le16(trailer.entries, zip_dir_entries);
+	copy_le16_clamp(trailer.entries_on_this_disk, zip_dir_entries,
+			&clamped);
+	copy_le16_clamp(trailer.entries, zip_dir_entries, &clamped);
 	copy_le32(trailer.size, zip_dir_offset);
 	copy_le32(trailer.offset, zip_offset);
-	copy_le16(trailer.comment_length, sha1 ? 40 : 0);
+	copy_le16(trailer.comment_length, sha1 ? GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ : 0);
 
 	write_or_die(1, zip_dir, zip_dir_offset);
+	if (clamped)
+		write_zip64_trailer();
 	write_or_die(1, &trailer, ZIP_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE);
 	if (sha1)
-		write_or_die(1, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+		write_or_die(1, sha1_to_hex(sha1), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ);
 }
 
 static void dos_time(time_t *time, int *dos_date, int *dos_time)
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index 164bbd014a..42df9748d6 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "attr.h"
 #include "archive.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 static char const * const archive_usage[] = {
-	"git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
-	"git archive --list",
-	"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
-	"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list",
+	N_("git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
+	N_("git archive --list"),
+	N_("git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
+	N_("git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const struct archiver **archivers;
 static int nr_archivers;
 static int alloc_archivers;
+static int remote_allow_unreachable;
 
 void register_archiver(struct archiver *ar)
 {
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ static void format_subst(const struct commit *commit,
 	char *to_free = NULL;
 	struct strbuf fmt = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
-	ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+	ctx.date_mode.type = DATE_NORMAL;
 	ctx.abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
 
 	if (src == buf->buf)
@@ -59,12 +62,15 @@ static void format_subst(const struct commit *commit,
 	free(to_free);
 }
 
-static void *sha1_file_to_archive(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		unsigned int mode, enum object_type *type,
-		unsigned long *sizep, const struct commit *commit)
+void *sha1_file_to_archive(const struct archiver_args *args,
+			   const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   unsigned int mode, enum object_type *type,
+			   unsigned long *sizep)
 {
 	void *buffer;
+	const struct commit *commit = args->convert ? args->commit : NULL;
 
+	path += args->baselen;
 	buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, type, sizep);
 	if (buffer && S_ISREG(mode)) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -94,9 +100,19 @@ static void setup_archive_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
 	check[1].attr = attr_export_subst;
 }
 
+struct directory {
+	struct directory *up;
+	struct object_id oid;
+	int baselen, len;
+	unsigned mode;
+	int stage;
+	char path[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
 struct archiver_context {
 	struct archiver_args *args;
 	write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry;
+	struct directory *bottom;
 };
 
 static int write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
@@ -109,45 +125,105 @@ static int write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
 	write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry = c->write_entry;
 	struct git_attr_check check[2];
 	const char *path_without_prefix;
-	int convert = 0;
 	int err;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
-	void *buffer;
 
+	args->convert = 0;
 	strbuf_reset(&path);
 	strbuf_grow(&path, PATH_MAX);
 	strbuf_add(&path, args->base, args->baselen);
 	strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(&path, filename);
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 	path_without_prefix = path.buf + args->baselen;
 
 	setup_archive_check(check);
 	if (!git_check_attr(path_without_prefix, ARRAY_SIZE(check), check)) {
 		if (ATTR_TRUE(check[0].value))
 			return 0;
-		convert = ATTR_TRUE(check[1].value);
+		args->convert = ATTR_TRUE(check[1].value);
 	}
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 		if (args->verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
-		err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode, NULL, 0);
+		err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 		return (S_ISDIR(mode) ? READ_TREE_RECURSIVE : 0);
 	}
 
-	buffer = sha1_file_to_archive(path_without_prefix, sha1, mode,
-			&type, &size, convert ? args->commit : NULL);
-	if (!buffer)
-		return error("cannot read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (args->verbose)
 		fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
-	err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode, buffer, size);
-	free(buffer);
-	return err;
+	return write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode);
+}
+
+static int write_archive_entry_buf(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
+		const char *filename, unsigned mode, int stage,
+		void *context)
+{
+	return write_archive_entry(sha1, base->buf, base->len,
+				     filename, mode, stage, context);
+}
+
+static void queue_directory(const unsigned char *sha1,
+		struct strbuf *base, const char *filename,
+		unsigned mode, int stage, struct archiver_context *c)
+{
+	struct directory *d;
+	size_t len = st_add4(base->len, 1, strlen(filename), 1);
+	d = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(*d), len));
+	d->up	   = c->bottom;
+	d->baselen = base->len;
+	d->mode	   = mode;
+	d->stage   = stage;
+	c->bottom  = d;
+	d->len = xsnprintf(d->path, len, "%.*s%s/", (int)base->len, base->buf, filename);
+	hashcpy(d->oid.hash, sha1);
+}
+
+static int write_directory(struct archiver_context *c)
+{
+	struct directory *d = c->bottom;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!d)
+		return 0;
+	c->bottom = d->up;
+	d->path[d->len - 1] = '\0'; /* no trailing slash */
+	ret =
+		write_directory(c) ||
+		write_archive_entry(d->oid.hash, d->path, d->baselen,
+				    d->path + d->baselen, d->mode,
+				    d->stage, c) != READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+	free(d);
+	return ret ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int queue_or_write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
+		struct strbuf *base, const char *filename,
+		unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+{
+	struct archiver_context *c = context;
+
+	while (c->bottom &&
+	       !(base->len >= c->bottom->len &&
+		 !strncmp(base->buf, c->bottom->path, c->bottom->len))) {
+		struct directory *next = c->bottom->up;
+		free(c->bottom);
+		c->bottom = next;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		queue_directory(sha1, base, filename,
+				mode, stage, c);
+		return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+	}
+
+	if (write_directory(c))
+		return -1;
+	return write_archive_entry(sha1, base->buf, base->len, filename, mode,
+				   stage, context);
 }
 
 int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
@@ -156,7 +232,6 @@ int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
 	struct archiver_context context;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	struct tree_desc t;
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int err;
 
 	if (args->baselen > 0 && args->base[args->baselen - 1] == '/') {
@@ -166,12 +241,13 @@ int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
 			len--;
 		if (args->verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)len, args->base);
-		err = write_entry(args, args->tree->object.sha1, args->base,
-				len, 040777, NULL, 0);
+		err = write_entry(args, args->tree->object.oid.hash, args->base,
+				  len, 040777);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 	}
 
+	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
 	context.args = args;
 	context.write_entry = write_entry;
 
@@ -191,12 +267,18 @@ int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
 		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_INDEX, &the_index);
 	}
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, args->pathspec);
-	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec,
-				  write_archive_entry, &context);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
+	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, &args->pathspec,
+				  args->pathspec.has_wildcard ?
+				  queue_or_write_archive_entry :
+				  write_archive_entry_buf,
+				  &context);
 	if (err == READ_TREE_RECURSIVE)
 		err = 0;
+	while (context.bottom) {
+		struct directory *next = context.bottom->up;
+		free(context.bottom);
+		context.bottom = next;
+	}
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -214,11 +296,20 @@ static const struct archiver *lookup_archiver(const char *name)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int reject_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
-			int baselen, const char *filename, unsigned mode,
+static int reject_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
+			const char *filename, unsigned mode,
 			int stage, void *context)
 {
-	return -1;
+	int ret = -1;
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addbuf(&sb, base);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, filename);
+		if (!match_pathspec(context, sb.buf, sb.len, 0, NULL, 1))
+			ret = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+	}
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int path_exists(struct tree *tree, const char *path)
@@ -227,20 +318,30 @@ static int path_exists(struct tree *tree, const char *path)
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int ret;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
-	ret = read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec, reject_entry, NULL);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, 0, "", paths);
+	pathspec.recursive = 1;
+	ret = read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec,
+				  reject_entry, &pathspec);
+	clear_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	return ret != 0;
 }
 
 static void parse_pathspec_arg(const char **pathspec,
 		struct archiver_args *ar_args)
 {
-	ar_args->pathspec = pathspec = get_pathspec("", pathspec);
+	/*
+	 * must be consistent with parse_pathspec in path_exists()
+	 * Also if pathspec patterns are dependent, we're in big
+	 * trouble as we test each one separately
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&ar_args->pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       "", pathspec);
+	ar_args->pathspec.recursive = 1;
 	if (pathspec) {
 		while (*pathspec) {
-			if (!path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
-				die("path not found: %s", *pathspec);
+			if (**pathspec && !path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
+				die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"), *pathspec);
 			pathspec++;
 		}
 	}
@@ -255,44 +356,46 @@ static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
 	time_t archive_time;
 	struct tree *tree;
 	const struct commit *commit;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 
 	/* Remotes are only allowed to fetch actual refs */
-	if (remote) {
+	if (remote && !remote_allow_unreachable) {
 		char *ref = NULL;
-		if (!dwim_ref(name, strlen(name), sha1, &ref))
-			die("no such ref: %s", name);
+		const char *colon = strchrnul(name, ':');
+		int refnamelen = colon - name;
+
+		if (!dwim_ref(name, refnamelen, oid.hash, &ref))
+			die("no such ref: %.*s", refnamelen, name);
 		free(ref);
 	}
-	else {
-		if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
-			die("Not a valid object name");
-	}
 
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (get_sha1(name, oid.hash))
+		die("Not a valid object name");
+
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid.hash, 1);
 	if (commit) {
-		commit_sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+		commit_sha1 = commit->object.oid.hash;
 		archive_time = commit->date;
 	} else {
 		commit_sha1 = NULL;
 		archive_time = time(NULL);
 	}
 
-	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(oid.hash);
 	if (tree == NULL)
 		die("not a tree object");
 
 	if (prefix) {
-		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+		struct object_id tree_oid;
 		unsigned int mode;
 		int err;
 
-		err = get_tree_entry(tree->object.sha1, prefix,
-				     tree_sha1, &mode);
+		err = get_tree_entry(tree->object.oid.hash, prefix,
+				     tree_oid.hash, &mode);
 		if (err || !S_ISDIR(mode))
 			die("current working directory is untracked");
 
-		tree = parse_tree_indirect(tree_sha1);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(tree_oid.hash);
 	}
 	ar_args->tree = tree;
 	ar_args->commit_sha1 = commit_sha1;
@@ -323,16 +426,16 @@ static int parse_archive_args(int argc, const char **argv,
 	int worktree_attributes = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, "fmt", "archive format"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &base, "prefix",
-			"prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"),
-		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, "file",
-			"write the archive to this file"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, N_("fmt"), N_("archive format")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &base, N_("prefix"),
+			N_("prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive")),
+		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, N_("file"),
+			N_("write the archive to this file")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "worktree-attributes", &worktree_attributes,
-			"read .gitattributes in working directory"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report archived files on stderr"),
-		OPT__COMPR('0', &compression_level, "store only", 0),
-		OPT__COMPR('1', &compression_level, "compress faster", 1),
+			N_("read .gitattributes in working directory")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report archived files on stderr")),
+		OPT__COMPR('0', &compression_level, N_("store only"), 0),
+		OPT__COMPR('1', &compression_level, N_("compress faster"), 1),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('2', &compression_level, 2),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('3', &compression_level, 3),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('4', &compression_level, 4),
@@ -340,15 +443,15 @@ static int parse_archive_args(int argc, const char **argv,
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('6', &compression_level, 6),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('7', &compression_level, 7),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('8', &compression_level, 8),
-		OPT__COMPR('9', &compression_level, "compress better", 9),
+		OPT__COMPR('9', &compression_level, N_("compress better"), 9),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		OPT_BOOL('l', "list", &list,
-			"list supported archive formats"),
+			N_("list supported archive formats")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, "repo",
-			"retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, "cmd",
-			"path to the remote git-upload-archive command"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, N_("repo"),
+			N_("retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, N_("command"),
+			N_("path to the remote git-upload-archive command")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -410,7 +513,9 @@ int write_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	if (setup_prefix && prefix == NULL)
 		prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 
+	git_config_get_bool("uploadarchive.allowunreachable", &remote_allow_unreachable);
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
 	init_tar_archiver();
 	init_zip_archiver();
 
@@ -439,7 +544,7 @@ static int match_extension(const char *filename, const char *ext)
 	 * prefix is non-empty (k.e., we don't match .tar.gz with no actual
 	 * filename).
 	 */
-	if (prefixlen < 2 || filename[prefixlen-1] != '.')
+	if (prefixlen < 2 || filename[prefixlen - 1] != '.')
 		return 0;
 	return !strcmp(filename + prefixlen, ext);
 }
diff --git a/archive.h b/archive.h
index 2b0884f1ef..4a791e1fed 100644
--- a/archive.h
+++ b/archive.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef ARCHIVE_H
 #define ARCHIVE_H
 
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
 struct archiver_args {
 	const char *base;
 	size_t baselen;
@@ -8,9 +10,10 @@ struct archiver_args {
 	const unsigned char *commit_sha1;
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	time_t time;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	unsigned int verbose : 1;
 	unsigned int worktree_attributes : 1;
+	unsigned int convert : 1;
 	int compression_level;
 };
 
@@ -27,11 +30,18 @@ extern void register_archiver(struct archiver *);
 extern void init_tar_archiver(void);
 extern void init_zip_archiver(void);
 
-typedef int (*write_archive_entry_fn_t)(struct archiver_args *args, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen, unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
+typedef int (*write_archive_entry_fn_t)(struct archiver_args *args,
+					const unsigned char *sha1,
+					const char *path, size_t pathlen,
+					unsigned int mode);
 
 extern int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args, write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry);
 extern int write_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int setup_prefix, const char *name_hint, int remote);
 
 const char *archive_format_from_filename(const char *filename);
+extern void *sha1_file_to_archive(const struct archiver_args *args,
+				  const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  unsigned int mode, enum object_type *type,
+				  unsigned long *sizep);
 
 #endif	/* ARCHIVE_H */
diff --git a/argv-array.c b/argv-array.c
index a4e04201e6..5d370fa336 100644
--- a/argv-array.c
+++ b/argv-array.c
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 #include "argv-array.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
-static const char *empty_argv_storage = NULL;
-const char **empty_argv = &empty_argv_storage;
+const char *empty_argv[] = { NULL };
 
 void argv_array_init(struct argv_array *array)
 {
@@ -39,13 +38,50 @@ void argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *array, const char *fmt, ...)
 	argv_array_push_nodup(array, strbuf_detach(&v, NULL));
 }
 
+void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *array, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	const char *arg;
+
+	va_start(ap, array);
+	while((arg = va_arg(ap, const char *)))
+		argv_array_push(array, arg);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+void argv_array_pushv(struct argv_array *array, const char **argv)
+{
+	for (; *argv; argv++)
+		argv_array_push(array, *argv);
+}
+
+void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *array)
+{
+	if (!array->argc)
+		return;
+	free((char *)array->argv[array->argc - 1]);
+	array->argv[array->argc - 1] = NULL;
+	array->argc--;
+}
+
 void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *array)
 {
 	if (array->argv != empty_argv) {
 		int i;
 		for (i = 0; i < array->argc; i++)
-			free((char **)array->argv[i]);
+			free((char *)array->argv[i]);
 		free(array->argv);
 	}
 	argv_array_init(array);
 }
+
+const char **argv_array_detach(struct argv_array *array)
+{
+	if (array->argv == empty_argv)
+		return xcalloc(1, sizeof(const char *));
+	else {
+		const char **ret = array->argv;
+		argv_array_init(array);
+		return ret;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/argv-array.h b/argv-array.h
index 74dd2b1bc0..29056e49a1 100644
--- a/argv-array.h
+++ b/argv-array.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef ARGV_ARRAY_H
 #define ARGV_ARRAY_H
 
-extern const char **empty_argv;
+extern const char *empty_argv[];
 
 struct argv_array {
 	const char **argv;
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ void argv_array_init(struct argv_array *);
 void argv_array_push(struct argv_array *, const char *);
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 void argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *, const char *fmt, ...);
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *, ...);
+void argv_array_pushv(struct argv_array *, const char **);
+void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *);
 void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *);
+const char **argv_array_detach(struct argv_array *);
 
 #endif /* ARGV_ARRAY_H */
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 76b079f0f5..eec5d7d15a 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "attr.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 const char git_attr__true[] = "(builtin)true";
 const char git_attr__false[] = "\0(builtin)false";
@@ -32,9 +33,12 @@ struct git_attr {
 	struct git_attr *next;
 	unsigned h;
 	int attr_nr;
+	int maybe_macro;
+	int maybe_real;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 static int attr_nr;
+static int cannot_trust_maybe_real;
 
 static struct git_attr_check *check_all_attr;
 static struct git_attr *(git_attr_hash[HASHSIZE]);
@@ -89,16 +93,15 @@ static struct git_attr *git_attr_internal(const char *name, int len)
 	if (invalid_attr_name(name, len))
 		return NULL;
 
-	a = xmalloc(sizeof(*a) + len + 1);
-	memcpy(a->name, name, len);
-	a->name[len] = 0;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(a, name, name, len);
 	a->h = hval;
 	a->next = git_attr_hash[pos];
 	a->attr_nr = attr_nr++;
+	a->maybe_macro = 0;
+	a->maybe_real = 0;
 	git_attr_hash[pos] = a;
 
-	check_all_attr = xrealloc(check_all_attr,
-				  sizeof(*check_all_attr) * attr_nr);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(check_all_attr, attr_nr);
 	check_all_attr[a->attr_nr].attr = a;
 	check_all_attr[a->attr_nr].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
 	return a;
@@ -115,6 +118,13 @@ struct attr_state {
 	const char *setto;
 };
 
+struct pattern {
+	const char *pattern;
+	int patternlen;
+	int nowildcardlen;
+	unsigned flags;		/* EXC_FLAG_* */
+};
+
 /*
  * One rule, as from a .gitattributes file.
  *
@@ -131,7 +141,7 @@ struct attr_state {
  */
 struct match_attr {
 	union {
-		char *pattern;
+		struct pattern pat;
 		struct git_attr *attr;
 	} u;
 	char is_macro;
@@ -204,7 +214,7 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 	name = cp;
 	namelen = strcspn(name, blank);
 	if (strlen(ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX) < namelen &&
-	    !prefixcmp(name, ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX)) {
+	    starts_with(name, ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX)) {
 		if (!macro_ok) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s not allowed: %s:%d\n",
 				name, src, lineno);
@@ -238,12 +248,22 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 		      sizeof(*res) +
 		      sizeof(struct attr_state) * num_attr +
 		      (is_macro ? 0 : namelen + 1));
-	if (is_macro)
+	if (is_macro) {
 		res->u.attr = git_attr_internal(name, namelen);
-	else {
-		res->u.pattern = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
-		memcpy(res->u.pattern, name, namelen);
-		res->u.pattern[namelen] = 0;
+		res->u.attr->maybe_macro = 1;
+	} else {
+		char *p = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
+		memcpy(p, name, namelen);
+		res->u.pat.pattern = p;
+		parse_exclude_pattern(&res->u.pat.pattern,
+				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
+				      &res->u.pat.flags,
+				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
+			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
+			return NULL;
+		}
 	}
 	res->is_macro = is_macro;
 	res->num_attr = num_attr;
@@ -251,6 +271,10 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 	/* Second pass to fill the attr_states */
 	for (cp = states, i = 0; *cp; i++) {
 		cp = parse_attr(src, lineno, cp, &(res->state[i]));
+		if (!is_macro)
+			res->state[i].attr->maybe_real = 1;
+		if (res->state[i].attr->maybe_macro)
+			cannot_trust_maybe_real = 1;
 	}
 
 	return res;
@@ -270,13 +294,14 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
  * (reading the file from top to bottom), .gitattribute of the root
  * directory (again, reading the file from top to bottom) down to the
  * current directory, and then scan the list backwards to find the first match.
- * This is exactly the same as what excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
+ * This is exactly the same as what is_excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
  * .gitignore
  */
 
 static struct attr_stack {
 	struct attr_stack *prev;
 	char *origin;
+	size_t originlen;
 	unsigned num_matches;
 	unsigned alloc;
 	struct match_attr **attrs;
@@ -301,11 +326,12 @@ static void free_attr_elem(struct attr_stack *e)
 		}
 		free(a);
 	}
+	free(e->attrs);
 	free(e);
 }
 
 static const char *builtin_attr[] = {
-	"[attr]binary -diff -text",
+	"[attr]binary -diff -merge -text",
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -320,12 +346,7 @@ static void handle_attr_line(struct attr_stack *res,
 	a = parse_attr_line(line, src, lineno, macro_ok);
 	if (!a)
 		return;
-	if (res->alloc <= res->num_matches) {
-		res->alloc = alloc_nr(res->num_matches);
-		res->attrs = xrealloc(res->attrs,
-				      sizeof(struct match_attr *) *
-				      res->alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(res->attrs, res->num_matches + 1, res->alloc);
 	res->attrs[res->num_matches++] = a;
 }
 
@@ -351,55 +372,29 @@ static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_file(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 	char buf[2048];
 	int lineno = 0;
 
-	if (!fp)
+	if (!fp) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
+			warn_on_inaccessible(path);
 		return NULL;
+	}
 	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
-	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp))
-		handle_attr_line(res, buf, path, ++lineno, macro_ok);
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+		char *bufp = buf;
+		if (!lineno)
+			skip_utf8_bom(&bufp, strlen(bufp));
+		handle_attr_line(res, bufp, path, ++lineno, macro_ok);
+	}
 	fclose(fp);
 	return res;
 }
 
-static void *read_index_data(const char *path)
-{
-	int pos, len;
-	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
-	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = use_index ? use_index : &the_index;
-
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return data;
-}
-
 static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_index(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *res;
 	char *buf, *sp;
 	int lineno = 0;
 
-	buf = read_index_data(path);
+	buf = read_blob_data_from_index(use_index ? use_index : &the_index, path, NULL);
 	if (!buf)
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -493,63 +488,63 @@ static int git_attr_system(void)
 	return !git_env_bool("GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM", 0);
 }
 
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_info_attributes, INFOATTRIBUTES_FILE)
+
 static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
 {
-	if (!attr_stack) {
-		struct attr_stack *elem;
+	struct attr_stack *elem;
 
-		elem = read_attr_from_array(builtin_attr);
-		elem->origin = NULL;
-		elem->prev = attr_stack;
-		attr_stack = elem;
+	if (attr_stack)
+		return;
 
-		if (git_attr_system()) {
-			elem = read_attr_from_file(git_etc_gitattributes(), 1);
-			if (elem) {
-				elem->origin = NULL;
-				elem->prev = attr_stack;
-				attr_stack = elem;
-			}
-		}
+	elem = read_attr_from_array(builtin_attr);
+	elem->origin = NULL;
+	elem->prev = attr_stack;
+	attr_stack = elem;
 
-		if (git_attributes_file) {
-			elem = read_attr_from_file(git_attributes_file, 1);
-			if (elem) {
-				elem->origin = NULL;
-				elem->prev = attr_stack;
-				attr_stack = elem;
-			}
+	if (git_attr_system()) {
+		elem = read_attr_from_file(git_etc_gitattributes(), 1);
+		if (elem) {
+			elem->origin = NULL;
+			elem->prev = attr_stack;
+			attr_stack = elem;
 		}
+	}
 
-		if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
-			elem = read_attr(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE, 1);
-			elem->origin = xstrdup("");
+	if (!git_attributes_file)
+		git_attributes_file = xdg_config_home("attributes");
+	if (git_attributes_file) {
+		elem = read_attr_from_file(git_attributes_file, 1);
+		if (elem) {
+			elem->origin = NULL;
 			elem->prev = attr_stack;
 			attr_stack = elem;
-			debug_push(elem);
 		}
+	}
 
-		elem = read_attr_from_file(git_path(INFOATTRIBUTES_FILE), 1);
-		if (!elem)
-			elem = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*elem));
-		elem->origin = NULL;
+	if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
+		elem = read_attr(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE, 1);
+		elem->origin = xstrdup("");
+		elem->originlen = 0;
 		elem->prev = attr_stack;
 		attr_stack = elem;
+		debug_push(elem);
 	}
+
+	elem = read_attr_from_file(git_path_info_attributes(), 1);
+	if (!elem)
+		elem = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*elem));
+	elem->origin = NULL;
+	elem->prev = attr_stack;
+	attr_stack = elem;
 }
 
-static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
+static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path, int dirlen)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *elem, *info;
-	int dirlen, len;
+	int len;
 	const char *cp;
 
-	cp = strrchr(path, '/');
-	if (!cp)
-		dirlen = 0;
-	else
-		dirlen = cp - path;
-
 	/*
 	 * At the bottom of the attribute stack is the built-in
 	 * set of attribute definitions, followed by the contents
@@ -575,14 +570,17 @@ static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
 
 	/*
 	 * Pop the ones from directories that are not the prefix of
-	 * the path we are checking.
+	 * the path we are checking. Break out of the loop when we see
+	 * the root one (whose origin is an empty string "") or the builtin
+	 * one (whose origin is NULL) without popping it.
 	 */
-	while (attr_stack && attr_stack->origin) {
+	while (attr_stack->origin) {
 		int namelen = strlen(attr_stack->origin);
 
 		elem = attr_stack;
 		if (namelen <= dirlen &&
-		    !strncmp(elem->origin, path, namelen))
+		    !strncmp(elem->origin, path, namelen) &&
+		    (!namelen || path[namelen] == '/'))
 			break;
 
 		debug_pop(elem);
@@ -594,8 +592,15 @@ static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
 	 * Read from parent directories and push them down
 	 */
 	if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
+		/*
+		 * bootstrap_attr_stack() should have added, and the
+		 * above loop should have stopped before popping, the
+		 * root element whose attr_stack->origin is set to an
+		 * empty string.
+		 */
 		struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+		assert(attr_stack->origin);
 		while (1) {
 			len = strlen(attr_stack->origin);
 			if (dirlen <= len)
@@ -608,7 +613,7 @@ static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
 			strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, GITATTRIBUTES_FILE);
 			elem = read_attr(pathbuf.buf, 0);
 			strbuf_setlen(&pathbuf, cp - path);
-			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, NULL);
+			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, &elem->originlen);
 			elem->prev = attr_stack;
 			attr_stack = elem;
 			debug_push(elem);
@@ -625,28 +630,26 @@ static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
 }
 
 static int path_matches(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
-			const char *pattern,
+			int basename_offset,
+			const struct pattern *pat,
 			const char *base, int baselen)
 {
-	if (!strchr(pattern, '/')) {
-		/* match basename */
-		const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
-		basename = basename ? basename + 1 : pathname;
-		return (fnmatch_icase(pattern, basename, 0) == 0);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
-	 * in front of it.
-	 */
-	if (*pattern == '/')
-		pattern++;
-	if (pathlen < baselen ||
-	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
-	    strncmp(pathname, base, baselen))
+	const char *pattern = pat->pattern;
+	int prefix = pat->nowildcardlen;
+	int isdir = (pathlen && pathname[pathlen - 1] == '/');
+
+	if ((pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) && !isdir)
 		return 0;
-	if (baselen != 0)
-		baselen++;
-	return fnmatch_icase(pattern, pathname + baselen, FNM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+
+	if (pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+		return match_basename(pathname + basename_offset,
+				      pathlen - basename_offset - isdir,
+				      pattern, prefix,
+				      pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
+	}
+	return match_pathname(pathname, pathlen - isdir,
+			      base, baselen,
+			      pattern, prefix, pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
 }
 
 static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem);
@@ -663,7 +666,7 @@ static int fill_one(const char *what, struct match_attr *a, int rem)
 
 		if (*n == ATTR__UNKNOWN) {
 			debug_set(what,
-				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pattern,
+				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pat.pattern,
 				  attr, v);
 			*n = v;
 			rem--;
@@ -673,7 +676,8 @@ static int fill_one(const char *what, struct match_attr *a, int rem)
 	return rem;
 }
 
-static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
+static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, int basename_offset,
+		struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *base = stk->origin ? stk->origin : "";
@@ -682,20 +686,21 @@ static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
 		struct match_attr *a = stk->attrs[i];
 		if (a->is_macro)
 			continue;
-		if (path_matches(path, pathlen,
-				 a->u.pattern, base, strlen(base)))
+		if (path_matches(path, pathlen, basename_offset,
+				 &a->u.pat, base, stk->originlen))
 			rem = fill_one("fill", a, rem);
 	}
 	return rem;
 }
 
-static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem)
+static int macroexpand_one(int nr, int rem)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *stk;
 	struct match_attr *a = NULL;
 	int i;
 
-	if (check_all_attr[attr_nr].value != ATTR__TRUE)
+	if (check_all_attr[nr].value != ATTR__TRUE ||
+	    !check_all_attr[nr].attr->maybe_macro)
 		return rem;
 
 	for (stk = attr_stack; !a && stk; stk = stk->prev)
@@ -703,7 +708,7 @@ static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem)
 			struct match_attr *ma = stk->attrs[i];
 			if (!ma->is_macro)
 				continue;
-			if (ma->u.attr->attr_nr == attr_nr)
+			if (ma->u.attr->attr_nr == nr)
 				a = ma;
 		}
 
@@ -714,29 +719,59 @@ static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem)
 }
 
 /*
- * Collect all attributes for path into the array pointed to by
- * check_all_attr.
+ * Collect attributes for path into the array pointed to by
+ * check_all_attr. If num is non-zero, only attributes in check[] are
+ * collected. Otherwise all attributes are collected.
  */
-static void collect_all_attrs(const char *path)
+static void collect_some_attrs(const char *path, int num,
+			       struct git_attr_check *check)
+
 {
 	struct attr_stack *stk;
-	int i, pathlen, rem;
+	int i, pathlen, rem, dirlen;
+	const char *cp, *last_slash = NULL;
+	int basename_offset;
 
-	prepare_attr_stack(path);
+	for (cp = path; *cp; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '/' && cp[1])
+			last_slash = cp;
+	}
+	pathlen = cp - path;
+	if (last_slash) {
+		basename_offset = last_slash + 1 - path;
+		dirlen = last_slash - path;
+	} else {
+		basename_offset = 0;
+		dirlen = 0;
+	}
+
+	prepare_attr_stack(path, dirlen);
 	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++)
 		check_all_attr[i].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
+	if (num && !cannot_trust_maybe_real) {
+		rem = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+			if (!check[i].attr->maybe_real) {
+				struct git_attr_check *c;
+				c = check_all_attr + check[i].attr->attr_nr;
+				c->value = ATTR__UNSET;
+				rem++;
+			}
+		}
+		if (rem == num)
+			return;
+	}
 
-	pathlen = strlen(path);
 	rem = attr_nr;
 	for (stk = attr_stack; 0 < rem && stk; stk = stk->prev)
-		rem = fill(path, pathlen, stk, rem);
+		rem = fill(path, pathlen, basename_offset, stk, rem);
 }
 
 int git_check_attr(const char *path, int num, struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	collect_all_attrs(path);
+	collect_some_attrs(path, num, check);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
 		const char *value = check_all_attr[check[i].attr->attr_nr].value;
@@ -752,7 +787,7 @@ int git_all_attrs(const char *path, int *num, struct git_attr_check **check)
 {
 	int i, count, j;
 
-	collect_all_attrs(path);
+	collect_some_attrs(path, 0, NULL);
 
 	/* Count the number of attributes that are set. */
 	count = 0;
@@ -762,7 +797,7 @@ int git_all_attrs(const char *path, int *num, struct git_attr_check **check)
 			++count;
 	}
 	*num = count;
-	*check = xmalloc(sizeof(**check) * count);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(*check, count);
 	j = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++) {
 		const char *value = check_all_attr[i].value;
diff --git a/attr.h b/attr.h
index eb8ca0d7c0..8b08d33af8 100644
--- a/attr.h
+++ b/attr.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ int git_check_attr(const char *path, int, struct git_attr_check *);
 
 /*
  * Retrieve all attributes that apply to the specified path.  *num
- * will be set the the number of attributes on the path; **check will
+ * will be set to the number of attributes on the path; **check will
  * be set to point at a newly-allocated array of git_attr_check
  * objects describing the attributes and their values.  *check must be
  * free()ed by the caller.
diff --git a/base85.c b/base85.c
index 781b5754f0..5ca601ee14 100644
--- a/base85.c
+++ b/base85.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ int decode_85(char *dst, const char *buffer, int len)
 {
 	prep_base85();
 
-	say2("decode 85 <%.*s>", len/4*5, buffer);
+	say2("decode 85 <%.*s>", len / 4 * 5, buffer);
 	while (len) {
 		unsigned acc = 0;
 		int de, cnt = 4;
diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
index 6e186e29cc..dc13319c20 100644
--- a/bisect.c
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@
 static struct sha1_array good_revs;
 static struct sha1_array skipped_revs;
 
-static const unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
+static struct object_id *current_bad_oid;
 
 static const char *argv_checkout[] = {"checkout", "-q", NULL, "--", NULL};
 static const char *argv_show_branch[] = {"show-branch", NULL, NULL};
-static const char *argv_update_ref[] = {"update-ref", "--no-deref", "BISECT_HEAD", NULL, NULL};
 
-/* bits #0-15 in revision.h */
+static const char *term_bad;
+static const char *term_good;
 
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define COUNTED		(1u<<16)
 
 /*
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ static int compare_commit_dist(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 	b = (struct commit_dist *)b_;
 	if (a->distance != b->distance)
 		return b->distance - a->distance; /* desc sort */
-	return hashcmp(a->commit->object.sha1, b->commit->object.sha1);
+	return oidcmp(&a->commit->object.oid, &b->commit->object.oid);
 }
 
 static struct commit_list *best_bisection_sorted(struct commit_list *list, int nr)
@@ -216,11 +217,12 @@ static struct commit_list *best_bisection_sorted(struct commit_list *list, int n
 	}
 	qsort(array, cnt, sizeof(*array), compare_commit_dist);
 	for (p = list, i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
-		struct name_decoration *r = xmalloc(sizeof(*r) + 100);
+		char buf[100]; /* enough for dist=%d */
 		struct object *obj = &(array[i].commit->object);
 
-		sprintf(r->name, "dist=%d", array[i].distance);
-		r->next = add_decoration(&name_decoration, obj, r);
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "dist=%d", array[i].distance);
+		add_name_decoration(DECORATION_NONE, buf, obj);
+
 		p->item = array[i].commit;
 		p = p->next;
 	}
@@ -400,17 +402,24 @@ struct commit_list *find_bisection(struct commit_list *list,
 	return best;
 }
 
-static int register_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+static int register_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
 			int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(refname, "bad")) {
-		current_bad_sha1 = sha1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "good-")) {
-		sha1_array_append(&good_revs, sha1);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "skip-")) {
-		sha1_array_append(&skipped_revs, sha1);
+	struct strbuf good_prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addstr(&good_prefix, term_good);
+	strbuf_addstr(&good_prefix, "-");
+
+	if (!strcmp(refname, term_bad)) {
+		current_bad_oid = xmalloc(sizeof(*current_bad_oid));
+		oidcpy(current_bad_oid, oid);
+	} else if (starts_with(refname, good_prefix.buf)) {
+		sha1_array_append(&good_revs, oid->hash);
+	} else if (starts_with(refname, "skip-")) {
+		sha1_array_append(&skipped_revs, oid->hash);
 	}
 
+	strbuf_release(&good_prefix);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -419,16 +428,19 @@ static int read_bisect_refs(void)
 	return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/", register_ref, NULL);
 }
 
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_names, "BISECT_NAMES")
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_expected_rev, "BISECT_EXPECTED_REV")
+
 static void read_bisect_paths(struct argv_array *array)
 {
 	struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_NAMES");
+	const char *filename = git_path_bisect_names();
 	FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
 
 	if (!fp)
 		die_errno("Could not open file '%s'", filename);
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&str, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp) != EOF) {
 		strbuf_trim(&str);
 		if (sq_dequote_to_argv_array(str.buf, array))
 			die("Badly quoted content in file '%s': %s",
@@ -488,7 +500,7 @@ struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
 		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
 		list->next = NULL;
 		if (0 <= sha1_array_lookup(&skipped_revs,
-					   list->item->object.sha1)) {
+					   list->item->object.oid.hash)) {
 			if (skipped_first && !*skipped_first)
 				*skipped_first = 1;
 			/* Move current to tried list */
@@ -525,9 +537,9 @@ struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
  * is increased by one between each call, but that should not matter
  * for this application.
  */
-static int get_prn(int count) {
+static unsigned get_prn(unsigned count) {
 	count = count * 1103515245 + 12345;
-	return ((unsigned)(count/65536) % PRN_MODULO);
+	return (count/65536) % PRN_MODULO;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,7 +575,7 @@ static struct commit_list *skip_away(struct commit_list *list, int count)
 
 	for (i = 0; cur; cur = cur->next, i++) {
 		if (i == index) {
-			if (hashcmp(cur->item->object.sha1, current_bad_sha1))
+			if (oidcmp(&cur->item->object.oid, current_bad_oid))
 				return cur;
 			if (previous)
 				return previous;
@@ -606,7 +618,7 @@ static void bisect_rev_setup(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix,
 
 	/* rev_argv.argv[0] will be ignored by setup_revisions */
 	argv_array_push(&rev_argv, "bisect_rev_setup");
-	argv_array_pushf(&rev_argv, bad_format, sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1));
+	argv_array_pushf(&rev_argv, bad_format, oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid));
 	for (i = 0; i < good_revs.nr; i++)
 		argv_array_pushf(&rev_argv, good_format,
 				 sha1_to_hex(good_revs.sha1[i]));
@@ -623,27 +635,27 @@ static void bisect_common(struct rev_info *revs)
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	if (revs->tree_objects)
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs->commits, revs, NULL);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs, NULL);
 }
 
 static void exit_if_skipped_commits(struct commit_list *tried,
-				    const unsigned char *bad)
+				    const struct object_id *bad)
 {
 	if (!tried)
 		return;
 
 	printf("There are only 'skip'ped commits left to test.\n"
-	       "The first bad commit could be any of:\n");
+	       "The first %s commit could be any of:\n", term_bad);
 	print_commit_list(tried, "%s\n", "%s\n");
 	if (bad)
-		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(bad));
+		printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(bad));
 	printf("We cannot bisect more!\n");
 	exit(2);
 }
 
-static int is_expected_rev(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int is_expected_rev(const struct object_id *oid)
 {
-	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_EXPECTED_REV");
+	const char *filename = git_path_bisect_expected_rev();
 	struct stat st;
 	struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
 	FILE *fp;
@@ -656,8 +668,8 @@ static int is_expected_rev(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!fp)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (strbuf_getline(&str, fp, '\n') != EOF)
-		res = !strcmp(str.buf, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp) != EOF)
+		res = !strcmp(str.buf, oid_to_hex(oid));
 
 	strbuf_release(&str);
 	fclose(fp);
@@ -665,36 +677,18 @@ static int is_expected_rev(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return res;
 }
 
-static void mark_expected_rev(char *bisect_rev_hex)
+static int bisect_checkout(const unsigned char *bisect_rev, int no_checkout)
 {
-	int len = strlen(bisect_rev_hex);
-	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_EXPECTED_REV");
-	int fd = open(filename, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
+	char bisect_rev_hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
 
-	if (fd < 0)
-		die_errno("could not create file '%s'", filename);
-
-	bisect_rev_hex[len] = '\n';
-	write_or_die(fd, bisect_rev_hex, len + 1);
-	bisect_rev_hex[len] = '\0';
-
-	if (close(fd) < 0)
-		die("closing file %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
-}
-
-static int bisect_checkout(char *bisect_rev_hex, int no_checkout)
-{
-	int res;
-
-	mark_expected_rev(bisect_rev_hex);
+	memcpy(bisect_rev_hex, sha1_to_hex(bisect_rev), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1);
+	update_ref(NULL, "BISECT_EXPECTED_REV", bisect_rev, NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 
 	argv_checkout[2] = bisect_rev_hex;
 	if (no_checkout) {
-		argv_update_ref[3] = bisect_rev_hex;
-		if (run_command_v_opt(argv_update_ref, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-			die("update-ref --no-deref HEAD failed on %s",
-			    bisect_rev_hex);
+		update_ref(NULL, "BISECT_HEAD", bisect_rev, NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 	} else {
+		int res;
 		res = run_command_v_opt(argv_checkout, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 		if (res)
 			exit(res);
@@ -714,11 +708,11 @@ static struct commit *get_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 static struct commit **get_bad_and_good_commits(int *rev_nr)
 {
-	int len = 1 + good_revs.nr;
-	struct commit **rev = xmalloc(len * sizeof(*rev));
+	struct commit **rev;
 	int i, n = 0;
 
-	rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(current_bad_sha1);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(rev, 1 + good_revs.nr);
+	rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(current_bad_oid->hash);
 	for (i = 0; i < good_revs.nr; i++)
 		rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(good_revs.sha1[i]);
 	*rev_nr = n;
@@ -728,45 +722,56 @@ static struct commit **get_bad_and_good_commits(int *rev_nr)
 
 static void handle_bad_merge_base(void)
 {
-	if (is_expected_rev(current_bad_sha1)) {
-		char *bad_hex = sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1);
+	if (is_expected_rev(current_bad_oid)) {
+		char *bad_hex = oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid);
 		char *good_hex = join_sha1_array_hex(&good_revs, ' ');
-
-		fprintf(stderr, "The merge base %s is bad.\n"
-			"This means the bug has been fixed "
-			"between %s and [%s].\n",
-			bad_hex, bad_hex, good_hex);
-
+		if (!strcmp(term_bad, "bad") && !strcmp(term_good, "good")) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "The merge base %s is bad.\n"
+				"This means the bug has been fixed "
+				"between %s and [%s].\n",
+				bad_hex, bad_hex, good_hex);
+		} else if (!strcmp(term_bad, "new") && !strcmp(term_good, "old")) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "The merge base %s is new.\n"
+				"The property has changed "
+				"between %s and [%s].\n",
+				bad_hex, bad_hex, good_hex);
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "The merge base %s is %s.\n"
+				"This means the first '%s' commit is "
+				"between %s and [%s].\n",
+				bad_hex, term_bad, term_good, bad_hex, good_hex);
+		}
 		exit(3);
 	}
 
-	fprintf(stderr, "Some good revs are not ancestor of the bad rev.\n"
+	fprintf(stderr, "Some %s revs are not ancestor of the %s rev.\n"
 		"git bisect cannot work properly in this case.\n"
-		"Maybe you mistake good and bad revs?\n");
+		"Maybe you mistook %s and %s revs?\n",
+		term_good, term_bad, term_good, term_bad);
 	exit(1);
 }
 
 static void handle_skipped_merge_base(const unsigned char *mb)
 {
 	char *mb_hex = sha1_to_hex(mb);
-	char *bad_hex = sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1);
+	char *bad_hex = sha1_to_hex(current_bad_oid->hash);
 	char *good_hex = join_sha1_array_hex(&good_revs, ' ');
 
 	warning("the merge base between %s and [%s] "
 		"must be skipped.\n"
-		"So we cannot be sure the first bad commit is "
+		"So we cannot be sure the first %s commit is "
 		"between %s and %s.\n"
 		"We continue anyway.",
-		bad_hex, good_hex, mb_hex, bad_hex);
+		bad_hex, good_hex, term_bad, mb_hex, bad_hex);
 	free(good_hex);
 }
 
 /*
- * "check_merge_bases" checks that merge bases are not "bad".
+ * "check_merge_bases" checks that merge bases are not "bad" (or "new").
  *
- * - If one is "bad", it means the user assumed something wrong
+ * - If one is "bad" (or "new"), it means the user assumed something wrong
  * and we must exit with a non 0 error code.
- * - If one is "good", that's good, we have nothing to do.
+ * - If one is "good" (or "old"), that's good, we have nothing to do.
  * - If one is "skipped", we can't know but we should warn.
  * - If we don't know, we should check it out and ask the user to test.
  */
@@ -776,11 +781,11 @@ static void check_merge_bases(int no_checkout)
 	int rev_nr;
 	struct commit **rev = get_bad_and_good_commits(&rev_nr);
 
-	result = get_merge_bases_many(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1, 0);
+	result = get_merge_bases_many(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1);
 
 	for (; result; result = result->next) {
-		const unsigned char *mb = result->item->object.sha1;
-		if (!hashcmp(mb, current_bad_sha1)) {
+		const unsigned char *mb = result->item->object.oid.hash;
+		if (!hashcmp(mb, current_bad_oid->hash)) {
 			handle_bad_merge_base();
 		} else if (0 <= sha1_array_lookup(&good_revs, mb)) {
 			continue;
@@ -788,7 +793,7 @@ static void check_merge_bases(int no_checkout)
 			handle_skipped_merge_base(mb);
 		} else {
 			printf("Bisecting: a merge base must be tested\n");
-			exit(bisect_checkout(sha1_to_hex(mb), no_checkout));
+			exit(bisect_checkout(mb, no_checkout));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -833,20 +838,20 @@ static int check_ancestors(const char *prefix)
  */
 static void check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 {
-	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK");
+	char *filename = git_pathdup("BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK");
 	struct stat st;
 	int fd;
 
-	if (!current_bad_sha1)
-		die("a bad revision is needed");
+	if (!current_bad_oid)
+		die("a %s revision is needed", term_bad);
 
 	/* Check if file BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK exists. */
 	if (!stat(filename, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-		return;
+		goto done;
 
 	/* Bisecting with no good rev is ok. */
 	if (good_revs.nr == 0)
-		return;
+		goto done;
 
 	/* Check if all good revs are ancestor of the bad rev. */
 	if (check_ancestors(prefix))
@@ -855,10 +860,12 @@ static void check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 	/* Create file BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK. */
 	fd = open(filename, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
 	if (fd < 0)
-		warning("could not create file '%s': %s",
-			filename, strerror(errno));
+		warning_errno("could not create file '%s'",
+			      filename);
 	else
 		close(fd);
+ done:
+	free(filename);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -883,10 +890,40 @@ static void show_diff_tree(const char *prefix, struct commit *commit)
 	if (!opt.diffopt.output_format)
 		opt.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
 
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &opt, NULL);
 	log_tree_commit(&opt, commit);
 }
 
 /*
+ * The terms used for this bisect session are stored in BISECT_TERMS.
+ * We read them and store them to adapt the messages accordingly.
+ * Default is bad/good.
+ */
+void read_bisect_terms(const char **read_bad, const char **read_good)
+{
+	struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_TERMS");
+	FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
+
+	if (!fp) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT) {
+			*read_bad = "bad";
+			*read_good = "good";
+			return;
+		} else {
+			die_errno("could not read file '%s'", filename);
+		}
+	} else {
+		strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp);
+		*read_bad = strbuf_detach(&str, NULL);
+		strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp);
+		*read_good = strbuf_detach(&str, NULL);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&str);
+	fclose(fp);
+}
+
+/*
  * We use the convention that exiting with an exit code 10 means that
  * the bisection process finished successfully.
  * In this case the calling shell script should exit 0.
@@ -900,8 +937,8 @@ int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 	struct commit_list *tried;
 	int reaches = 0, all = 0, nr, steps;
 	const unsigned char *bisect_rev;
-	char bisect_rev_hex[41];
 
+	read_bisect_terms(&term_bad, &term_good);
 	if (read_bisect_refs())
 		die("reading bisect refs failed");
 
@@ -923,8 +960,10 @@ int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 		 */
 		exit_if_skipped_commits(tried, NULL);
 
-		printf("%s was both good and bad\n",
-		       sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1));
+		printf("%s was both %s and %s\n",
+		       oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid),
+		       term_good,
+		       term_bad);
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -934,12 +973,12 @@ int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 		exit(4);
 	}
 
-	bisect_rev = revs.commits->item->object.sha1;
-	memcpy(bisect_rev_hex, sha1_to_hex(bisect_rev), 41);
+	bisect_rev = revs.commits->item->object.oid.hash;
 
-	if (!hashcmp(bisect_rev, current_bad_sha1)) {
-		exit_if_skipped_commits(tried, current_bad_sha1);
-		printf("%s is the first bad commit\n", bisect_rev_hex);
+	if (!hashcmp(bisect_rev, current_bad_oid->hash)) {
+		exit_if_skipped_commits(tried, current_bad_oid);
+		printf("%s is the first %s commit\n", sha1_to_hex(bisect_rev),
+			term_bad);
 		show_diff_tree(prefix, revs.commits->item);
 		/* This means the bisection process succeeded. */
 		exit(10);
@@ -951,6 +990,44 @@ int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 	       "(roughly %d step%s)\n", nr, (nr == 1 ? "" : "s"),
 	       steps, (steps == 1 ? "" : "s"));
 
-	return bisect_checkout(bisect_rev_hex, no_checkout);
+	return bisect_checkout(bisect_rev, no_checkout);
 }
 
+static inline int log2i(int n)
+{
+	int log2 = 0;
+
+	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
+		log2++;
+
+	return log2;
+}
+
+static inline int exp2i(int n)
+{
+	return 1 << n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
+ *
+ * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
+ * n - 1 steps left looks like:
+ *
+ * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
+ *
+ * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
+ */
+int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
+{
+	int n, x, e;
+
+	if (all < 3)
+		return 0;
+
+	n = log2i(all);
+	e = exp2i(n);
+	x = all - e;
+
+	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
+}
diff --git a/bisect.h b/bisect.h
index 22f2e4db2d..acd12ef802 100644
--- a/bisect.h
+++ b/bisect.h
@@ -11,17 +11,12 @@ extern struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
 					  int *count,
 					  int *skipped_first);
 
-extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
-			      const char *format_cur,
-			      const char *format_last);
-
-/* bisect_show_flags flags in struct rev_list_info */
 #define BISECT_SHOW_ALL		(1<<0)
-#define BISECT_SHOW_TRIED	(1<<1)
+#define REV_LIST_QUIET		(1<<1)
 
 struct rev_list_info {
 	struct rev_info *revs;
-	int bisect_show_flags;
+	int flags;
 	int show_timestamp;
 	int hdr_termination;
 	const char *header_prefix;
@@ -31,4 +26,6 @@ extern int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout);
 
 extern int estimate_bisect_steps(int all);
 
+extern void read_bisect_terms(const char **bad, const char **good);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/blob.c b/blob.c
index ae320bd8fa..1fcb8e44b0 100644
--- a/blob.c
+++ b/blob.c
@@ -7,15 +7,8 @@ struct blob *lookup_blob(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_BLOB, alloc_blob_node());
-	if (!obj->type)
-		obj->type = OBJ_BLOB;
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		error("Object %s is a %s, not a blob",
-		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return (struct blob *) obj;
+		return create_object(sha1, alloc_blob_node());
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_BLOB, 0);
 }
 
 int parse_blob_buffer(struct blob *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
diff --git a/block-sha1/sha1.c b/block-sha1/sha1.c
index c0054a0b0a..22b125cf8c 100644
--- a/block-sha1/sha1.c
+++ b/block-sha1/sha1.c
@@ -62,38 +62,6 @@
   #define setW(x, val) (W(x) = (val))
 #endif
 
-/*
- * Performance might be improved if the CPU architecture is OK with
- * unaligned 32-bit loads and a fast ntohl() is available.
- * Otherwise fall back to byte loads and shifts which is portable,
- * and is faster on architectures with memory alignment issues.
- */
-
-#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || \
-    defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64) || \
-    defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || \
-    defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__) || \
-    defined(__s390__) || defined(__s390x__)
-
-#define get_be32(p)	ntohl(*(unsigned int *)(p))
-#define put_be32(p, v)	do { *(unsigned int *)(p) = htonl(v); } while (0)
-
-#else
-
-#define get_be32(p)	( \
-	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) << 24) | \
-	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) << 16) | \
-	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) <<  8) | \
-	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) <<  0) )
-#define put_be32(p, v)	do { \
-	unsigned int __v = (v); \
-	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) = __v >> 24; \
-	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) = __v >> 16; \
-	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) = __v >>  8; \
-	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) = __v >>  0; } while (0)
-
-#endif
-
 /* This "rolls" over the 512-bit array */
 #define W(x) (array[(x)&15])
 
@@ -101,8 +69,8 @@
  * Where do we get the source from? The first 16 iterations get it from
  * the input data, the next mix it from the 512-bit array.
  */
-#define SHA_SRC(t) get_be32(data + t)
-#define SHA_MIX(t) SHA_ROL(W(t+13) ^ W(t+8) ^ W(t+2) ^ W(t), 1)
+#define SHA_SRC(t) get_be32((unsigned char *) block + (t)*4)
+#define SHA_MIX(t) SHA_ROL(W((t)+13) ^ W((t)+8) ^ W((t)+2) ^ W(t), 1);
 
 #define SHA_ROUND(t, input, fn, constant, A, B, C, D, E) do { \
 	unsigned int TEMP = input(t); setW(t, TEMP); \
@@ -115,7 +83,7 @@
 #define T_40_59(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, ((B&C)+(D&(B^C))) , 0x8f1bbcdc, A, B, C, D, E )
 #define T_60_79(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, (B^C^D) ,  0xca62c1d6, A, B, C, D, E )
 
-static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const unsigned int *data)
+static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const void *block)
 {
 	unsigned int A,B,C,D,E;
 	unsigned int array[16];
@@ -126,7 +94,7 @@ static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const unsigned int *data)
 	D = ctx->H[3];
 	E = ctx->H[4];
 
-	/* Round 1 - iterations 0-16 take their input from 'data' */
+	/* Round 1 - iterations 0-16 take their input from 'block' */
 	T_0_15( 0, A, B, C, D, E);
 	T_0_15( 1, E, A, B, C, D);
 	T_0_15( 2, D, E, A, B, C);
@@ -274,10 +242,10 @@ void blk_SHA1_Final(unsigned char hashout[20], blk_SHA_CTX *ctx)
 	padlen[1] = htonl((uint32_t)(ctx->size << 3));
 
 	i = ctx->size & 63;
-	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, pad, 1+ (63 & (55 - i)));
+	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, pad, 1 + (63 & (55 - i)));
 	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, padlen, 8);
 
 	/* Output hash */
 	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-		put_be32(hashout + i*4, ctx->H[i]);
+		put_be32(hashout + i * 4, ctx->H[i]);
 }
diff --git a/block-sha1/sha1.h b/block-sha1/sha1.h
index b864df623e..4df6747752 100644
--- a/block-sha1/sha1.h
+++ b/block-sha1/sha1.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ void blk_SHA1_Init(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx);
 void blk_SHA1_Update(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const void *dataIn, unsigned long len);
 void blk_SHA1_Final(unsigned char hashout[20], blk_SHA_CTX *ctx);
 
-#define git_SHA_CTX	blk_SHA_CTX
-#define git_SHA1_Init	blk_SHA1_Init
-#define git_SHA1_Update	blk_SHA1_Update
-#define git_SHA1_Final	blk_SHA1_Final
+#define platform_SHA_CTX	blk_SHA_CTX
+#define platform_SHA1_Init	blk_SHA1_Init
+#define platform_SHA1_Update	blk_SHA1_Update
+#define platform_SHA1_Final	blk_SHA1_Final
diff --git a/branch.c b/branch.c
index 9971820a18..a5a8dcbd0e 100644
--- a/branch.c
+++ b/branch.c
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "commit.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
 
 struct tracking {
 	struct refspec spec;
@@ -47,52 +49,81 @@ static int should_setup_rebase(const char *origin)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, const char *remote)
+static const char tracking_advice[] =
+N_("\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\".");
+
+int install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, const char *remote)
 {
-	const char *shortname = remote + 11;
-	int remote_is_branch = !prefixcmp(remote, "refs/heads/");
+	const char *shortname = NULL;
 	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int rebasing = should_setup_rebase(origin);
 
-	if (remote_is_branch
+	if (skip_prefix(remote, "refs/heads/", &shortname)
 	    && !strcmp(local, shortname)
 	    && !origin) {
-		warning("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream.",
+		warning(_("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."),
 			local);
-		return;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&key, "branch.%s.remote", local);
-	git_config_set(key.buf, origin ? origin : ".");
+	if (git_config_set_gently(key.buf, origin ? origin : ".") < 0)
+		goto out_err;
 
 	strbuf_reset(&key);
 	strbuf_addf(&key, "branch.%s.merge", local);
-	git_config_set(key.buf, remote);
+	if (git_config_set_gently(key.buf, remote) < 0)
+		goto out_err;
 
 	if (rebasing) {
 		strbuf_reset(&key);
 		strbuf_addf(&key, "branch.%s.rebase", local);
-		git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
+		if (git_config_set_gently(key.buf, "true") < 0)
+			goto out_err;
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&key);
 
 	if (flag & BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE) {
-		strbuf_reset(&key);
-
-		strbuf_addstr(&key, origin ? "remote" : "local");
-
-		/* Are we tracking a proper "branch"? */
-		if (remote_is_branch) {
-			strbuf_addf(&key, " branch %s", shortname);
+		if (shortname) {
+			if (origin)
+				printf_ln(rebasing ?
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing.") :
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."),
+					  local, shortname, origin);
+			else
+				printf_ln(rebasing ?
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing.") :
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."),
+					  local, shortname);
+		} else {
 			if (origin)
-				strbuf_addf(&key, " from %s", origin);
+				printf_ln(rebasing ?
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing.") :
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."),
+					  local, remote);
+			else
+				printf_ln(rebasing ?
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing.") :
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."),
+					  local, remote);
 		}
-		else
-			strbuf_addf(&key, " ref %s", remote);
-		printf("Branch %s set up to track %s%s.\n",
-		       local, key.buf,
-		       rebasing ? " by rebasing" : "");
 	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_err:
 	strbuf_release(&key);
+	error(_("Unable to write upstream branch configuration"));
+
+	advise(_(tracking_advice),
+	       origin ? origin : "",
+	       origin ? "/" : "",
+	       shortname ? shortname : remote);
+
+	return -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100,19 +131,16 @@ void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, cons
  * to infer the settings for branch.<new_ref>.{remote,merge} from the
  * config.
  */
-static int setup_tracking(const char *new_ref, const char *orig_ref,
-                          enum branch_track track)
+static void setup_tracking(const char *new_ref, const char *orig_ref,
+			   enum branch_track track, int quiet)
 {
 	struct tracking tracking;
-
-	if (strlen(new_ref) > 1024 - 7 - 7 - 1)
-		return error("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s",
-				new_ref);
+	int config_flags = quiet ? 0 : BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE;
 
 	memset(&tracking, 0, sizeof(tracking));
 	tracking.spec.dst = (char *)orig_ref;
 	if (for_each_remote(find_tracked_branch, &tracking))
-		return 1;
+		return;
 
 	if (!tracking.matches)
 		switch (track) {
@@ -121,47 +149,31 @@ static int setup_tracking(const char *new_ref, const char *orig_ref,
 		case BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE:
 			break;
 		default:
-			return 1;
+			return;
 		}
 
 	if (tracking.matches > 1)
-		return error("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s",
-				orig_ref);
+		die(_("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"),
+		    orig_ref);
 
-	install_branch_config(BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE, new_ref, tracking.remote,
-			      tracking.src ? tracking.src : orig_ref);
+	if (install_branch_config(config_flags, new_ref, tracking.remote,
+			      tracking.src ? tracking.src : orig_ref) < 0)
+		exit(-1);
 
 	free(tracking.src);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-struct branch_desc_cb {
-	const char *config_name;
-	const char *value;
-};
-
-static int read_branch_desc_cb(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	struct branch_desc_cb *desc = cb;
-	if (strcmp(desc->config_name, var))
-		return 0;
-	free((char *)desc->value);
-	return git_config_string(&desc->value, var, value);
 }
 
 int read_branch_desc(struct strbuf *buf, const char *branch_name)
 {
-	struct branch_desc_cb cb;
+	char *v = NULL;
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "branch.%s.description", branch_name);
-	cb.config_name = name.buf;
-	cb.value = NULL;
-	if (git_config(read_branch_desc_cb, &cb) < 0) {
+	if (git_config_get_string(name.buf, &v)) {
 		strbuf_release(&name);
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (cb.value)
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, cb.value);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, v);
+	free(v);
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -170,30 +182,57 @@ int validate_new_branchname(const char *name, struct strbuf *ref,
 			    int force, int attr_only)
 {
 	if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(ref, name))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid branch name.", name);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid branch name."), name);
 
 	if (!ref_exists(ref->buf))
 		return 0;
 	else if (!force && !attr_only)
-		die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+		die(_("A branch named '%s' already exists."), ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
 
 	if (!attr_only) {
 		const char *head;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-		head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+		head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
 		if (!is_bare_repository() && head && !strcmp(head, ref->buf))
-			die("Cannot force update the current branch.");
+			die(_("Cannot force update the current branch."));
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int check_tracking_branch(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char *tracking_branch = cb_data;
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.dst = tracking_branch;
+	return !remote_find_tracking(remote, &query);
+}
+
+static int validate_remote_tracking_branch(char *ref)
+{
+	return !for_each_remote(check_tracking_branch, ref);
+}
+
+static const char upstream_not_branch[] =
+N_("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch.");
+static const char upstream_missing[] =
+N_("the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist");
+static const char upstream_advice[] =
+N_("\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push.");
+
 void create_branch(const char *head,
 		   const char *name, const char *start_name,
 		   int force, int reflog, int clobber_head,
-		   enum branch_track track)
+		   int quiet, enum branch_track track)
 {
-	struct ref_lock *lock = NULL;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char *real_ref, msg[PATH_MAX + 20];
@@ -215,42 +254,42 @@ void create_branch(const char *head,
 	}
 
 	real_ref = NULL;
-	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1))
-		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1)) {
+		if (explicit_tracking) {
+			if (advice_set_upstream_failure) {
+				error(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+				advise(_(upstream_advice));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			die(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+		}
+		die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'."), start_name);
+	}
 
 	switch (dwim_ref(start_name, strlen(start_name), sha1, &real_ref)) {
 	case 0:
 		/* Not branching from any existing branch */
 		if (explicit_tracking)
-			die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+			die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 		break;
 	case 1:
 		/* Unique completion -- good, only if it is a real branch */
-		if (prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
-		    prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
+		if (!starts_with(real_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
+		    validate_remote_tracking_branch(real_ref)) {
 			if (explicit_tracking)
-				die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+				die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 			else
 				real_ref = NULL;
 		}
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Ambiguous object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Ambiguous object name: '%s'."), start_name);
 		break;
 	}
 
 	if ((commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) == NULL)
-		die("Not a valid branch point: '%s'.", start_name);
-	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
-
-	if (!dont_change_ref) {
-		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, NULL, 0);
-		if (!lock)
-			die_errno("Failed to lock ref for update");
-	}
-
-	if (reflog)
-		log_all_ref_updates = 1;
+		die(_("Not a valid branch point: '%s'."), start_name);
+	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.oid.hash);
 
 	if (forcing)
 		snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, "branch: Reset to %s",
@@ -259,12 +298,26 @@ void create_branch(const char *head,
 		snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, "branch: Created from %s",
 			 start_name);
 
-	if (real_ref && track)
-		setup_tracking(ref.buf+11, real_ref, track);
+	if (reflog)
+		log_all_ref_updates = 1;
 
-	if (!dont_change_ref)
-		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg) < 0)
-			die_errno("Failed to write ref");
+	if (!dont_change_ref) {
+		struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction ||
+		    ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref.buf,
+					   sha1, forcing ? NULL : null_sha1,
+					   0, msg, &err) ||
+		    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+			die("%s", err.buf);
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+	}
+
+	if (real_ref && track)
+		setup_tracking(ref.buf + 11, real_ref, track, quiet);
 
 	strbuf_release(&ref);
 	free(real_ref);
@@ -272,11 +325,47 @@ void create_branch(const char *head,
 
 void remove_branch_state(void)
 {
-	unlink(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
-	unlink(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_RR"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
-	unlink(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"));
+	unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head());
+	unlink(git_path_revert_head());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_head());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_rr());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_msg());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_mode());
+	unlink(git_path_squash_msg());
+}
+
+void die_if_checked_out(const char *branch, int ignore_current_worktree)
+{
+	const struct worktree *wt;
+
+	wt = find_shared_symref("HEAD", branch);
+	if (!wt || (ignore_current_worktree && wt->is_current))
+		return;
+	skip_prefix(branch, "refs/heads/", &branch);
+	die(_("'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"),
+	    branch, wt->path);
+}
+
+int replace_each_worktree_head_symref(const char *oldref, const char *newref)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct worktree **worktrees = get_worktrees();
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; worktrees[i]; i++) {
+		if (worktrees[i]->is_detached)
+			continue;
+		if (strcmp(oldref, worktrees[i]->head_ref))
+			continue;
+
+		if (set_worktree_head_symref(get_worktree_git_dir(worktrees[i]),
+					     newref)) {
+			ret = -1;
+			error(_("HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"),
+			      worktrees[i]->path);
+		}
+	}
+
+	free_worktrees(worktrees);
+	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/branch.h b/branch.h
index b99c5a369e..b2f9649332 100644
--- a/branch.h
+++ b/branch.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  */
 void create_branch(const char *head, const char *name, const char *start_name,
 		   int force, int reflog,
-		   int clobber_head, enum branch_track track);
+		   int clobber_head, int quiet, enum branch_track track);
 
 /*
  * Validates that the requested branch may be created, returning the
@@ -43,13 +43,28 @@ void remove_branch_state(void);
 /*
  * Configure local branch "local" as downstream to branch "remote"
  * from remote "origin".  Used by git branch --set-upstream.
+ * Returns 0 on success.
  */
 #define BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE 01
-extern void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, const char *remote);
+extern int install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, const char *remote);
 
 /*
  * Read branch description
  */
 extern int read_branch_desc(struct strbuf *, const char *branch_name);
 
+/*
+ * Check if a branch is checked out in the main worktree or any linked
+ * worktree and die (with a message describing its checkout location) if
+ * it is.
+ */
+extern void die_if_checked_out(const char *branch, int ignore_current_worktree);
+
+/*
+ * Update all per-worktree HEADs pointing at the old ref to point the new ref.
+ * This will be used when renaming a branch. Returns 0 if successful, non-zero
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+extern int replace_each_worktree_head_symref(const char *oldref, const char *newref);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index 857b9c8aa8..6b95006a0a 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -5,46 +5,32 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
-#include "notes.h"
 
 #define DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN 20
 
-extern const char git_version_string[];
 extern const char git_usage_string[];
 extern const char git_more_info_string[];
 
+#define PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN 01
+#define PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE 02
+
 extern void prune_packed_objects(int);
 
 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts {
-	unsigned add_title:1;
+	unsigned add_title:1,
+		credit_people:1;
 	int shortlog_len;
 };
 
 extern int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 			 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *);
-extern void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
-
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
-	struct notes_tree **trees;
-	const char *cmd;
-	int enabled;
-	combine_notes_fn combine;
-	struct string_list *refs;
-	int refs_from_env;
-	int mode_from_env;
-};
-
-combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v);
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
-int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
-			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
-void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c);
 
-extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
+extern int textconv_object(const char *path, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid, char **buf, unsigned long *buf_size);
 
-extern int textconv_object(const char *path, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, char **buf, unsigned long *buf_size);
+extern int is_builtin(const char *s);
 
 extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_am(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -56,15 +42,19 @@ extern int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_mailmap(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_column(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_credential(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -82,9 +72,9 @@ extern int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix
 extern int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_http_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_interpret_trailers(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -107,9 +97,9 @@ extern int cmd_notes(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_pack_redundant(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_patch_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_pickaxe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_pull(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -117,7 +107,7 @@ extern int cmd_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote_ext(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote_fd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_repo_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -130,6 +120,7 @@ extern int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_show_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_submodule__helper(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -140,11 +131,12 @@ extern int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_update_server_info(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_upload_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_upload_tar(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_var(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_verify_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_verify_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_worktree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_verify_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_show_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index 1c42900ff8..b1dddb4ac6 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
@@ -14,16 +16,17 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_add_usage[] = {
-	"git add [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 static int patch_interactive, add_interactive, edit_interactive;
 static int take_worktree_changes;
 
 struct update_callback_data {
-	int flags;
+	int flags, force_mode;
 	int add_errors;
 };
 
@@ -62,7 +65,8 @@ static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			die(_("unexpected diff status %c"), p->status);
 		case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
 		case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
-			if (add_file_to_index(&the_index, path, data->flags)) {
+			if (add_file_to_index(&the_index, path,
+					data->flags, data->force_mode)) {
 				if (!(data->flags & ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS))
 					die(_("updating files failed"));
 				data->add_errors++;
@@ -80,190 +84,106 @@ static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 	}
 }
 
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags)
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+	int flags, int force_mode)
 {
 	struct update_callback_data data;
 	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.flags = flags;
+	data.force_mode = force_mode;
+
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
+	if (pathspec)
+		copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = update_callback;
-	data.flags = flags;
-	data.add_errors = 0;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = &data;
 	rev.max_count = 0; /* do not compare unmerged paths with stage #2 */
 	run_diff_files(&rev, DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED);
 	return !!data.add_errors;
 }
 
-static void fill_pathspec_matches(const char **pathspec, char *seen, int specs)
-{
-	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
-
-	/*
-	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
-	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
-	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
-	 * anything.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++)
-		if (!seen[i])
-			num_unmatched++;
-	if (!num_unmatched)
-		return;
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
-	}
-}
-
-static char *find_used_pathspec(const char **pathspec)
+static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, struct pathspec *pathspec, int prefix)
 {
 	char *seen;
 	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i];  i++)
-		; /* just counting */
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, i);
-	return seen;
-}
-
-static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec, int prefix)
-{
-	char *seen;
-	int i, specs;
 	struct dir_entry **src, **dst;
 
-	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
 
 	src = dst = dir->entries;
 	i = dir->nr;
 	while (--i >= 0) {
 		struct dir_entry *entry = *src++;
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, entry->name, entry->len,
-				   prefix, seen))
+		if (dir_path_match(entry, pathspec, prefix, seen))
 			*dst++ = entry;
 	}
 	dir->nr = dst - dir->entries;
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, specs);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen);
 	return seen;
 }
 
-static void treat_gitlinks(const char **pathspec)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec)
-		return;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
-			int len = ce_namelen(ce), j;
-			for (j = 0; pathspec[j]; j++) {
-				int len2 = strlen(pathspec[j]);
-				if (len2 <= len || pathspec[j][len] != '/' ||
-				    memcmp(ce->name, pathspec[j], len))
-					continue;
-				if (len2 == len + 1)
-					/* strip trailing slash */
-					pathspec[j] = xstrndup(ce->name, len);
-				else
-					die (_("Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
-						pathspec[j], len, ce->name);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static void refresh(int verbose, const char **pathspec)
+static void refresh(int verbose, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	char *seen;
-	int i, specs;
+	int i;
 
-	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
 	refresh_index(&the_index, verbose ? REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN : REFRESH_QUIET,
 		      pathspec, seen, _("Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"));
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
 		if (!seen[i])
-			die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"), pathspec[i]);
+			die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
+			    pathspec->items[i].match);
 	}
         free(seen);
 }
 
-static const char **validate_pathspec(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	if (pathspec) {
-		const char **p;
-		for (p = pathspec; *p; p++) {
-			if (has_symlink_leading_path(*p, strlen(*p))) {
-				int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-				die(_("'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), *p + len);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return pathspec;
-}
-
 int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
-			const char **pathspec)
+			const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	int status, ac, pc = 0;
-	const char **args;
-
-	if (pathspec)
-		while (pathspec[pc])
-			pc++;
+	int status, i;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
-	args = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), (pc + 5));
-	ac = 0;
-	args[ac++] = "add--interactive";
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "add--interactive");
 	if (patch_mode)
-		args[ac++] = patch_mode;
+		argv_array_push(&argv, patch_mode);
 	if (revision)
-		args[ac++] = revision;
-	args[ac++] = "--";
-	if (pc) {
-		memcpy(&(args[ac]), pathspec, sizeof(const char *) * pc);
-		ac += pc;
-	}
-	args[ac] = NULL;
-
-	status = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	free(args);
+		argv_array_push(&argv, revision);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--");
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
+		/* pass original pathspec, to be re-parsed */
+		argv_array_push(&argv, pathspec->items[i].original);
+
+	status = run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 	return status;
 }
 
 int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch)
 {
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	if (argc) {
-		pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
-		if (!pathspec)
-			return -1;
-	}
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	return run_add_interactive(NULL,
 				   patch ? "--patch" : NULL,
-				   pathspec);
+				   &pathspec);
 }
 
 static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	char *file = xstrdup(git_path("ADD_EDIT.patch"));
+	char *file = git_pathdup("ADD_EDIT.patch");
 	const char *apply_argv[] = { "apply", "--recount", "--cached",
 		NULL, NULL };
-	struct child_process child;
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	int out;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -273,35 +193,38 @@ static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die (_("Could not read the index"));
+		die(_("Could not read the index"));
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diffopt.context = 7;
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644);
+	rev.diffopt.use_color = 0;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
+	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0666);
 	if (out < 0)
-		die (_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
+		die(_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
 	rev.diffopt.file = xfdopen(out, "w");
 	rev.diffopt.close_file = 1;
 	if (run_diff_files(&rev, 0))
-		die (_("Could not write patch"));
+		die(_("Could not write patch"));
 
-	launch_editor(file, NULL, NULL);
+	if (launch_editor(file, NULL, NULL))
+		die(_("editing patch failed"));
 
 	if (stat(file, &st))
 		die_errno(_("Could not stat '%s'"), file);
 	if (!st.st_size)
 		die(_("Empty patch. Aborted."));
 
-	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
 	child.git_cmd = 1;
 	child.argv = apply_argv;
 	if (run_command(&child))
-		die (_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
+		die(_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
 
 	unlink(file);
+	free(file);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -310,23 +233,41 @@ static struct lock_file lock_file;
 static const char ignore_error[] =
 N_("The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n");
 
-static int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, ignored_too = 0, refresh_only = 0;
-static int ignore_add_errors, addremove, intent_to_add, ignore_missing = 0;
+static int verbose, show_only, ignored_too, refresh_only;
+static int ignore_add_errors, intent_to_add, ignore_missing;
+
+#define ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT 1
+static int addremove = ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT;
+static int addremove_explicit = -1; /* unspecified */
+
+static char *chmod_arg;
+
+static int ignore_removal_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	/* if we are told to ignore, we are not adding removals */
+	*(int *)opt->value = !unset ? 0 : 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static struct option builtin_add_options[] = {
-	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 	OPT_GROUP(""),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, "interactive picking"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "select hunks interactively"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, "edit current diff and apply"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, "allow adding otherwise ignored files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, "update tracked files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, "record only the fact that the path will be added later"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "all", &addremove, "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, "don't add, only refresh the index"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"),
+	OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, N_("interactive picking")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, N_("edit current diff and apply")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, N_("allow adding otherwise ignored files")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, N_("update tracked files")),
+	OPT_BOOL('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, N_("record only the fact that the path will be added later")),
+	OPT_BOOL('A', "all", &addremove_explicit, N_("add changes from all tracked and untracked files")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-removal", &addremove_explicit,
+	  NULL /* takes no arguments */,
+	  N_("ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"),
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, ignore_removal_cb },
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, N_("don't add, only refresh the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, N_("just skip files which cannot be added because of errors")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, N_("check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run")),
+	OPT_STRING( 0 , "chmod", &chmod_arg, N_("(+/-)x"), N_("override the executable bit of the listed files")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -340,7 +281,7 @@ static int add_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
-static int add_files(struct dir_struct *dir, int flags)
+static int add_files(struct dir_struct *dir, int flags, int force_mode)
 {
 	int i, exit_status = 0;
 
@@ -349,11 +290,12 @@ static int add_files(struct dir_struct *dir, int flags)
 		for (i = 0; i < dir->ignored_nr; i++)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", dir->ignored[i]->name);
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"));
-		die(_("no files added"));
+		exit_status = 1;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++)
-		if (add_file_to_cache(dir->entries[i]->name, flags)) {
+		if (add_file_to_index(&the_index, dir->entries[i]->name,
+				flags, force_mode)) {
 			if (!ignore_add_errors)
 				die(_("adding files failed"));
 			exit_status = 1;
@@ -364,10 +306,9 @@ static int add_files(struct dir_struct *dir, int flags)
 int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int exit_status = 0;
-	int newfd;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
-	int flags;
+	int flags, force_mode;
 	int add_new_files;
 	int require_pathspec;
 	char *seen = NULL;
@@ -386,20 +327,34 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc--;
 	argv++;
 
+	if (0 <= addremove_explicit)
+		addremove = addremove_explicit;
+	else if (take_worktree_changes && ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT)
+		addremove = 0; /* "-u" was given but not "-A" */
+
 	if (addremove && take_worktree_changes)
 		die(_("-A and -u are mutually incompatible"));
+
+	if (!take_worktree_changes && addremove_explicit < 0 && argc)
+		/* Turn "git add pathspec..." to "git add -A pathspec..." */
+		addremove = 1;
+
 	if (!show_only && ignore_missing)
 		die(_("Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"));
-	if ((addremove || take_worktree_changes) && !argc) {
-		static const char *here[2] = { ".", NULL };
-		argc = 1;
-		argv = here;
-	}
+
+	if (!chmod_arg)
+		force_mode = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(chmod_arg, "-x"))
+		force_mode = 0666;
+	else if (!strcmp(chmod_arg, "+x"))
+		force_mode = 0777;
+	else
+		die(_("--chmod param '%s' must be either -x or +x"), chmod_arg);
 
 	add_new_files = !take_worktree_changes && !refresh_only;
-	require_pathspec = !take_worktree_changes;
+	require_pathspec = !(take_worktree_changes || (0 < addremove_explicit));
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 
 	flags = ((verbose ? ADD_CACHE_VERBOSE : 0) |
 		 (show_only ? ADD_CACHE_PRETEND : 0) |
@@ -413,11 +368,19 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"));
 		return 0;
 	}
-	pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
-	treat_gitlinks(pathspec);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the "pathspec '%s' did not match any files" block
+	 * below before enabling new magic.
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	if (add_new_files) {
 		int baselen;
@@ -430,30 +393,47 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 
 		/* This picks up the paths that are not tracked */
-		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
-		if (pathspec)
-			seen = prune_directory(&dir, pathspec, baselen);
+		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, &pathspec);
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			seen = prune_directory(&dir, &pathspec, baselen);
 	}
 
 	if (refresh_only) {
-		refresh(verbose, pathspec);
+		refresh(verbose, &pathspec);
 		goto finish;
 	}
 
-	if (pathspec) {
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
 		int i;
+
 		if (!seen)
-			seen = find_used_pathspec(pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; pathspec[i]; i++) {
-			if (!seen[i] && pathspec[i][0]
-			    && !file_exists(pathspec[i])) {
+			seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(&pathspec);
+
+		/*
+		 * file_exists() assumes exact match
+		 */
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(&pathspec,
+			       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+			       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+			       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+			       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+			const char *path = pathspec.items[i].match;
+			if (pathspec.items[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+				continue;
+			if (!seen[i] && path[0] &&
+			    ((pathspec.items[i].magic &
+			      (PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE)) ||
+			     !file_exists(path))) {
 				if (ignore_missing) {
 					int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
-					if (excluded(&dir, pathspec[i], &dtype))
-						dir_add_ignored(&dir, pathspec[i], strlen(pathspec[i]));
+					if (is_excluded(&dir, path, &dtype))
+						dir_add_ignored(&dir, path, pathspec.items[i].len);
 				} else
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
-					    pathspec[i]);
+					    pathspec.items[i].original);
 			}
 		}
 		free(seen);
@@ -461,17 +441,16 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	plug_bulk_checkin();
 
-	exit_status |= add_files_to_cache(prefix, pathspec, flags);
+	exit_status |= add_files_to_cache(prefix, &pathspec, flags, force_mode);
 
 	if (add_new_files)
-		exit_status |= add_files(&dir, flags);
+		exit_status |= add_files(&dir, flags, force_mode);
 
 	unplug_bulk_checkin();
 
- finish:
+finish:
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/am.c b/builtin/am.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5da5fe090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/am.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2436 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git am"
+ *
+ * Based on git-am.sh by Junio C Hamano.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "merge-recursive.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
+#include "prompt.h"
+#include "mailinfo.h"
+
+/**
+ * Returns 1 if the file is empty or does not exist, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int is_empty_file(const char *filename)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (stat(filename, &st) < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 1;
+		die_errno(_("could not stat %s"), filename);
+	}
+
+	return !st.st_size;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the length of the first line of msg.
+ */
+static int linelen(const char *msg)
+{
+	return strchrnul(msg, '\n') - msg;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if `str` consists of only whitespace, false otherwise.
+ */
+static int str_isspace(const char *str)
+{
+	for (; *str; str++)
+		if (!isspace(*str))
+			return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+enum patch_format {
+	PATCH_FORMAT_UNKNOWN = 0,
+	PATCH_FORMAT_MBOX,
+	PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT,
+	PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT_SERIES,
+	PATCH_FORMAT_HG,
+	PATCH_FORMAT_MBOXRD
+};
+
+enum keep_type {
+	KEEP_FALSE = 0,
+	KEEP_TRUE,      /* pass -k flag to git-mailinfo */
+	KEEP_NON_PATCH  /* pass -b flag to git-mailinfo */
+};
+
+enum scissors_type {
+	SCISSORS_UNSET = -1,
+	SCISSORS_FALSE = 0,  /* pass --no-scissors to git-mailinfo */
+	SCISSORS_TRUE        /* pass --scissors to git-mailinfo */
+};
+
+enum signoff_type {
+	SIGNOFF_FALSE = 0,
+	SIGNOFF_TRUE = 1,
+	SIGNOFF_EXPLICIT /* --signoff was set on the command-line */
+};
+
+struct am_state {
+	/* state directory path */
+	char *dir;
+
+	/* current and last patch numbers, 1-indexed */
+	int cur;
+	int last;
+
+	/* commit metadata and message */
+	char *author_name;
+	char *author_email;
+	char *author_date;
+	char *msg;
+	size_t msg_len;
+
+	/* when --rebasing, records the original commit the patch came from */
+	unsigned char orig_commit[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	/* number of digits in patch filename */
+	int prec;
+
+	/* various operating modes and command line options */
+	int interactive;
+	int threeway;
+	int quiet;
+	int signoff; /* enum signoff_type */
+	int utf8;
+	int keep; /* enum keep_type */
+	int message_id;
+	int scissors; /* enum scissors_type */
+	struct argv_array git_apply_opts;
+	const char *resolvemsg;
+	int committer_date_is_author_date;
+	int ignore_date;
+	int allow_rerere_autoupdate;
+	const char *sign_commit;
+	int rebasing;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initializes am_state with the default values. The state directory is set to
+ * dir.
+ */
+static void am_state_init(struct am_state *state, const char *dir)
+{
+	int gpgsign;
+
+	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
+
+	assert(dir);
+	state->dir = xstrdup(dir);
+
+	state->prec = 4;
+
+	git_config_get_bool("am.threeway", &state->threeway);
+
+	state->utf8 = 1;
+
+	git_config_get_bool("am.messageid", &state->message_id);
+
+	state->scissors = SCISSORS_UNSET;
+
+	argv_array_init(&state->git_apply_opts);
+
+	if (!git_config_get_bool("commit.gpgsign", &gpgsign))
+		state->sign_commit = gpgsign ? "" : NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Releases memory allocated by an am_state.
+ */
+static void am_state_release(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	free(state->dir);
+	free(state->author_name);
+	free(state->author_email);
+	free(state->author_date);
+	free(state->msg);
+	argv_array_clear(&state->git_apply_opts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns path relative to the am_state directory.
+ */
+static inline const char *am_path(const struct am_state *state, const char *path)
+{
+	return mkpath("%s/%s", state->dir, path);
+}
+
+/**
+ * For convenience to call write_file()
+ */
+static int write_state_text(const struct am_state *state,
+			    const char *name, const char *string)
+{
+	return write_file(am_path(state, name), "%s", string);
+}
+
+static int write_state_count(const struct am_state *state,
+			     const char *name, int value)
+{
+	return write_file(am_path(state, name), "%d", value);
+}
+
+static int write_state_bool(const struct am_state *state,
+			    const char *name, int value)
+{
+	return write_state_text(state, name, value ? "t" : "f");
+}
+
+/**
+ * If state->quiet is false, calls fprintf(fp, fmt, ...), and appends a newline
+ * at the end.
+ */
+static void say(const struct am_state *state, FILE *fp, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	if (!state->quiet) {
+		vfprintf(fp, fmt, ap);
+		putc('\n', fp);
+	}
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns 1 if there is an am session in progress, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int am_in_progress(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (lstat(state->dir, &st) < 0 || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+		return 0;
+	if (lstat(am_path(state, "last"), &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return 0;
+	if (lstat(am_path(state, "next"), &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads the contents of `file` in the `state` directory into `sb`. Returns the
+ * number of bytes read on success, -1 if the file does not exist. If `trim` is
+ * set, trailing whitespace will be removed.
+ */
+static int read_state_file(struct strbuf *sb, const struct am_state *state,
+			const char *file, int trim)
+{
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+
+	if (strbuf_read_file(sb, am_path(state, file), 0) >= 0) {
+		if (trim)
+			strbuf_trim(sb);
+
+		return sb->len;
+	}
+
+	if (errno == ENOENT)
+		return -1;
+
+	die_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), am_path(state, file));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads a KEY=VALUE shell variable assignment from `fp`, returning the VALUE
+ * as a newly-allocated string. VALUE must be a quoted string, and the KEY must
+ * match `key`. Returns NULL on failure.
+ *
+ * This is used by read_author_script() to read the GIT_AUTHOR_* variables from
+ * the author-script.
+ */
+static char *read_shell_var(FILE *fp, const char *key)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *str;
+
+	if (strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, fp))
+		goto fail;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(sb.buf, key, &str))
+		goto fail;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(str, "=", &str))
+		goto fail;
+
+	strbuf_remove(&sb, 0, str - sb.buf);
+
+	str = sq_dequote(sb.buf);
+	if (!str)
+		goto fail;
+
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+
+fail:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads and parses the state directory's "author-script" file, and sets
+ * state->author_name, state->author_email and state->author_date accordingly.
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 if the file could not be parsed.
+ *
+ * The author script is of the format:
+ *
+ *	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='$author_name'
+ *	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='$author_email'
+ *	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='$author_date'
+ *
+ * where $author_name, $author_email and $author_date are quoted. We are strict
+ * with our parsing, as the file was meant to be eval'd in the old git-am.sh
+ * script, and thus if the file differs from what this function expects, it is
+ * better to bail out than to do something that the user does not expect.
+ */
+static int read_author_script(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	const char *filename = am_path(state, "author-script");
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	assert(!state->author_name);
+	assert(!state->author_email);
+	assert(!state->author_date);
+
+	fp = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (!fp) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), filename);
+	}
+
+	state->author_name = read_shell_var(fp, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME");
+	if (!state->author_name) {
+		fclose(fp);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	state->author_email = read_shell_var(fp, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL");
+	if (!state->author_email) {
+		fclose(fp);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	state->author_date = read_shell_var(fp, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE");
+	if (!state->author_date) {
+		fclose(fp);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (fgetc(fp) != EOF) {
+		fclose(fp);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	fclose(fp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Saves state->author_name, state->author_email and state->author_date in the
+ * state directory's "author-script" file.
+ */
+static void write_author_script(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=");
+	sq_quote_buf(&sb, state->author_name);
+	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=");
+	sq_quote_buf(&sb, state->author_email);
+	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=");
+	sq_quote_buf(&sb, state->author_date);
+	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+
+	write_state_text(state, "author-script", sb.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads the commit message from the state directory's "final-commit" file,
+ * setting state->msg to its contents and state->msg_len to the length of its
+ * contents in bytes.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 if the file does not exist.
+ */
+static int read_commit_msg(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	assert(!state->msg);
+
+	if (read_state_file(&sb, state, "final-commit", 0) < 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	state->msg = strbuf_detach(&sb, &state->msg_len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Saves state->msg in the state directory's "final-commit" file.
+ */
+static void write_commit_msg(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	int fd;
+	const char *filename = am_path(state, "final-commit");
+
+	fd = xopen(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
+	if (write_in_full(fd, state->msg, state->msg_len) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not write to %s"), filename);
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Loads state from disk.
+ */
+static void am_load(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (read_state_file(&sb, state, "next", 1) < 0)
+		die("BUG: state file 'next' does not exist");
+	state->cur = strtol(sb.buf, NULL, 10);
+
+	if (read_state_file(&sb, state, "last", 1) < 0)
+		die("BUG: state file 'last' does not exist");
+	state->last = strtol(sb.buf, NULL, 10);
+
+	if (read_author_script(state) < 0)
+		die(_("could not parse author script"));
+
+	read_commit_msg(state);
+
+	if (read_state_file(&sb, state, "original-commit", 1) < 0)
+		hashclr(state->orig_commit);
+	else if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, state->orig_commit) < 0)
+		die(_("could not parse %s"), am_path(state, "original-commit"));
+
+	read_state_file(&sb, state, "threeway", 1);
+	state->threeway = !strcmp(sb.buf, "t");
+
+	read_state_file(&sb, state, "quiet", 1);
+	state->quiet = !strcmp(sb.buf, "t");
+
+	read_state_file(&sb, state, "sign", 1);
+	state->signoff = !strcmp(sb.buf, "t");
+
+	read_state_file(&sb, state, "utf8", 1);
+	state->utf8 = !strcmp(sb.buf, "t");
+
+	read_state_file(&sb, state, "keep", 1);
+	if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "t"))
+		state->keep = KEEP_TRUE;
+	else if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "b"))
+		state->keep = KEEP_NON_PATCH;
+	else
+		state->keep = KEEP_FALSE;
+
+	read_state_file(&sb, state, "messageid", 1);
+	state->message_id = !strcmp(sb.buf, "t");
+
+	read_state_file(&sb, state, "scissors", 1);
+	if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "t"))
+		state->scissors = SCISSORS_TRUE;
+	else if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "f"))
+		state->scissors = SCISSORS_FALSE;
+	else
+		state->scissors = SCISSORS_UNSET;
+
+	read_state_file(&sb, state, "apply-opt", 1);
+	argv_array_clear(&state->git_apply_opts);
+	if (sq_dequote_to_argv_array(sb.buf, &state->git_apply_opts) < 0)
+		die(_("could not parse %s"), am_path(state, "apply-opt"));
+
+	state->rebasing = !!file_exists(am_path(state, "rebasing"));
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes the am_state directory, forcefully terminating the current am
+ * session.
+ */
+static void am_destroy(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb, state->dir);
+	remove_dir_recursively(&sb, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runs applypatch-msg hook. Returns its exit code.
+ */
+static int run_applypatch_msg_hook(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	assert(state->msg);
+	ret = run_hook_le(NULL, "applypatch-msg", am_path(state, "final-commit"), NULL);
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		free(state->msg);
+		state->msg = NULL;
+		if (read_commit_msg(state) < 0)
+			die(_("'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"),
+				am_path(state, "final-commit"));
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runs post-rewrite hook. Returns it exit code.
+ */
+static int run_post_rewrite_hook(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *hook = find_hook("post-rewrite");
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!hook)
+		return 0;
+
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, hook);
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "rebase");
+
+	cp.in = xopen(am_path(state, "rewritten"), O_RDONLY);
+	cp.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+
+	ret = run_command(&cp);
+
+	close(cp.in);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads the state directory's "rewritten" file, and copies notes from the old
+ * commits listed in the file to their rewritten commits.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int copy_notes_for_rebase(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *invalid_line = _("Malformed input line: '%s'.");
+	const char *msg = "Notes added by 'git rebase'";
+	FILE *fp;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	assert(state->rebasing);
+
+	c = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite("rebase");
+	if (!c)
+		return 0;
+
+	fp = xfopen(am_path(state, "rewritten"), "r");
+
+	while (!strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, fp)) {
+		unsigned char from_obj[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], to_obj[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+		if (sb.len != GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ * 2 + 1) {
+			ret = error(invalid_line, sb.buf);
+			goto finish;
+		}
+
+		if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, from_obj)) {
+			ret = error(invalid_line, sb.buf);
+			goto finish;
+		}
+
+		if (sb.buf[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ] != ' ') {
+			ret = error(invalid_line, sb.buf);
+			goto finish;
+		}
+
+		if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1, to_obj)) {
+			ret = error(invalid_line, sb.buf);
+			goto finish;
+		}
+
+		if (copy_note_for_rewrite(c, from_obj, to_obj))
+			ret = error(_("Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"),
+					sha1_to_hex(from_obj), sha1_to_hex(to_obj));
+	}
+
+finish:
+	finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c, msg);
+	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the file looks like a piece of RFC2822 mail by grabbing all
+ * non-indented lines and checking if they look like they begin with valid
+ * header field names.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the file looks like a piece of mail, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int is_mail(FILE *fp)
+{
+	const char *header_regex = "^[!-9;-~]+:";
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	regex_t regex;
+	int ret = 1;
+
+	if (fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_SET))
+		die_errno(_("fseek failed"));
+
+	if (regcomp(&regex, header_regex, REG_NOSUB | REG_EXTENDED))
+		die("invalid pattern: %s", header_regex);
+
+	while (!strbuf_getline(&sb, fp)) {
+		if (!sb.len)
+			break; /* End of header */
+
+		/* Ignore indented folded lines */
+		if (*sb.buf == '\t' || *sb.buf == ' ')
+			continue;
+
+		/* It's a header if it matches header_regex */
+		if (regexec(&regex, sb.buf, 0, NULL, 0)) {
+			ret = 0;
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+done:
+	regfree(&regex);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attempts to detect the patch_format of the patches contained in `paths`,
+ * returning the PATCH_FORMAT_* enum value. Returns PATCH_FORMAT_UNKNOWN if
+ * detection fails.
+ */
+static int detect_patch_format(const char **paths)
+{
+	enum patch_format ret = PATCH_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
+	struct strbuf l1 = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf l2 = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf l3 = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	/*
+	 * We default to mbox format if input is from stdin and for directories
+	 */
+	if (!*paths || !strcmp(*paths, "-") || is_directory(*paths))
+		return PATCH_FORMAT_MBOX;
+
+	/*
+	 * Otherwise, check the first few lines of the first patch, starting
+	 * from the first non-blank line, to try to detect its format.
+	 */
+
+	fp = xfopen(*paths, "r");
+
+	while (!strbuf_getline(&l1, fp)) {
+		if (l1.len)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (starts_with(l1.buf, "From ") || starts_with(l1.buf, "From: ")) {
+		ret = PATCH_FORMAT_MBOX;
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	if (starts_with(l1.buf, "# This series applies on GIT commit")) {
+		ret = PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT_SERIES;
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(l1.buf, "# HG changeset patch")) {
+		ret = PATCH_FORMAT_HG;
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&l2);
+	strbuf_getline(&l2, fp);
+	strbuf_reset(&l3);
+	strbuf_getline(&l3, fp);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the second line is empty and the third is a From, Author or Date
+	 * entry, this is likely an StGit patch.
+	 */
+	if (l1.len && !l2.len &&
+		(starts_with(l3.buf, "From:") ||
+		 starts_with(l3.buf, "Author:") ||
+		 starts_with(l3.buf, "Date:"))) {
+		ret = PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT;
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	if (l1.len && is_mail(fp)) {
+		ret = PATCH_FORMAT_MBOX;
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+done:
+	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&l1);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Splits out individual email patches from `paths`, where each path is either
+ * a mbox file or a Maildir. Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int split_mail_mbox(struct am_state *state, const char **paths,
+				int keep_cr, int mboxrd)
+{
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf last = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "mailsplit");
+	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "-d%d", state->prec);
+	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "-o%s", state->dir);
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-b");
+	if (keep_cr)
+		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--keep-cr");
+	if (mboxrd)
+		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--mboxrd");
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--");
+	argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, paths);
+
+	if (capture_command(&cp, &last, 8))
+		return -1;
+
+	state->cur = 1;
+	state->last = strtol(last.buf, NULL, 10);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Callback signature for split_mail_conv(). The foreign patch should be
+ * read from `in`, and the converted patch (in RFC2822 mail format) should be
+ * written to `out`. Return 0 on success, or -1 on failure.
+ */
+typedef int (*mail_conv_fn)(FILE *out, FILE *in, int keep_cr);
+
+/**
+ * Calls `fn` for each file in `paths` to convert the foreign patch to the
+ * RFC2822 mail format suitable for parsing with git-mailinfo.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int split_mail_conv(mail_conv_fn fn, struct am_state *state,
+			const char **paths, int keep_cr)
+{
+	static const char *stdin_only[] = {"-", NULL};
+	int i;
+
+	if (!*paths)
+		paths = stdin_only;
+
+	for (i = 0; *paths; paths++, i++) {
+		FILE *in, *out;
+		const char *mail;
+		int ret;
+
+		if (!strcmp(*paths, "-"))
+			in = stdin;
+		else
+			in = fopen(*paths, "r");
+
+		if (!in)
+			return error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"),
+					   *paths);
+
+		mail = mkpath("%s/%0*d", state->dir, state->prec, i + 1);
+
+		out = fopen(mail, "w");
+		if (!out)
+			return error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for writing"),
+					   mail);
+
+		ret = fn(out, in, keep_cr);
+
+		fclose(out);
+		fclose(in);
+
+		if (ret)
+			return error(_("could not parse patch '%s'"), *paths);
+	}
+
+	state->cur = 1;
+	state->last = i;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A split_mail_conv() callback that converts an StGit patch to an RFC2822
+ * message suitable for parsing with git-mailinfo.
+ */
+static int stgit_patch_to_mail(FILE *out, FILE *in, int keep_cr)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int subject_printed = 0;
+
+	while (!strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, in)) {
+		const char *str;
+
+		if (str_isspace(sb.buf))
+			continue;
+		else if (skip_prefix(sb.buf, "Author:", &str))
+			fprintf(out, "From:%s\n", str);
+		else if (starts_with(sb.buf, "From") || starts_with(sb.buf, "Date"))
+			fprintf(out, "%s\n", sb.buf);
+		else if (!subject_printed) {
+			fprintf(out, "Subject: %s\n", sb.buf);
+			subject_printed = 1;
+		} else {
+			fprintf(out, "\n%s\n", sb.buf);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	while (strbuf_fread(&sb, 8192, in) > 0) {
+		fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, out);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function only supports a single StGit series file in `paths`.
+ *
+ * Given an StGit series file, converts the StGit patches in the series into
+ * RFC2822 messages suitable for parsing with git-mailinfo, and queues them in
+ * the state directory.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int split_mail_stgit_series(struct am_state *state, const char **paths,
+					int keep_cr)
+{
+	const char *series_dir;
+	char *series_dir_buf;
+	FILE *fp;
+	struct argv_array patches = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!paths[0] || paths[1])
+		return error(_("Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"));
+
+	series_dir_buf = xstrdup(*paths);
+	series_dir = dirname(series_dir_buf);
+
+	fp = fopen(*paths, "r");
+	if (!fp)
+		return error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), *paths);
+
+	while (!strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, fp)) {
+		if (*sb.buf == '#')
+			continue; /* skip comment lines */
+
+		argv_array_push(&patches, mkpath("%s/%s", series_dir, sb.buf));
+	}
+
+	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	free(series_dir_buf);
+
+	ret = split_mail_conv(stgit_patch_to_mail, state, patches.argv, keep_cr);
+
+	argv_array_clear(&patches);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A split_patches_conv() callback that converts a mercurial patch to a RFC2822
+ * message suitable for parsing with git-mailinfo.
+ */
+static int hg_patch_to_mail(FILE *out, FILE *in, int keep_cr)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	while (!strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, in)) {
+		const char *str;
+
+		if (skip_prefix(sb.buf, "# User ", &str))
+			fprintf(out, "From: %s\n", str);
+		else if (skip_prefix(sb.buf, "# Date ", &str)) {
+			unsigned long timestamp;
+			long tz, tz2;
+			char *end;
+
+			errno = 0;
+			timestamp = strtoul(str, &end, 10);
+			if (errno)
+				return error(_("invalid timestamp"));
+
+			if (!skip_prefix(end, " ", &str))
+				return error(_("invalid Date line"));
+
+			errno = 0;
+			tz = strtol(str, &end, 10);
+			if (errno)
+				return error(_("invalid timezone offset"));
+
+			if (*end)
+				return error(_("invalid Date line"));
+
+			/*
+			 * mercurial's timezone is in seconds west of UTC,
+			 * however git's timezone is in hours + minutes east of
+			 * UTC. Convert it.
+			 */
+			tz2 = labs(tz) / 3600 * 100 + labs(tz) % 3600 / 60;
+			if (tz > 0)
+				tz2 = -tz2;
+
+			fprintf(out, "Date: %s\n", show_date(timestamp, tz2, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
+		} else if (starts_with(sb.buf, "# ")) {
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			fprintf(out, "\n%s\n", sb.buf);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	while (strbuf_fread(&sb, 8192, in) > 0) {
+		fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, out);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Splits a list of files/directories into individual email patches. Each path
+ * in `paths` must be a file/directory that is formatted according to
+ * `patch_format`.
+ *
+ * Once split out, the individual email patches will be stored in the state
+ * directory, with each patch's filename being its index, padded to state->prec
+ * digits.
+ *
+ * state->cur will be set to the index of the first mail, and state->last will
+ * be set to the index of the last mail.
+ *
+ * Set keep_cr to 0 to convert all lines ending with \r\n to end with \n, 1
+ * to disable this behavior, -1 to use the default configured setting.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int split_mail(struct am_state *state, enum patch_format patch_format,
+			const char **paths, int keep_cr)
+{
+	if (keep_cr < 0) {
+		keep_cr = 0;
+		git_config_get_bool("am.keepcr", &keep_cr);
+	}
+
+	switch (patch_format) {
+	case PATCH_FORMAT_MBOX:
+		return split_mail_mbox(state, paths, keep_cr, 0);
+	case PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT:
+		return split_mail_conv(stgit_patch_to_mail, state, paths, keep_cr);
+	case PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT_SERIES:
+		return split_mail_stgit_series(state, paths, keep_cr);
+	case PATCH_FORMAT_HG:
+		return split_mail_conv(hg_patch_to_mail, state, paths, keep_cr);
+	case PATCH_FORMAT_MBOXRD:
+		return split_mail_mbox(state, paths, keep_cr, 1);
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid patch_format");
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Setup a new am session for applying patches
+ */
+static void am_setup(struct am_state *state, enum patch_format patch_format,
+			const char **paths, int keep_cr)
+{
+	unsigned char curr_head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	const char *str;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!patch_format)
+		patch_format = detect_patch_format(paths);
+
+	if (!patch_format) {
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Patch format detection failed."));
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
+	if (mkdir(state->dir, 0777) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+		die_errno(_("failed to create directory '%s'"), state->dir);
+
+	if (split_mail(state, patch_format, paths, keep_cr) < 0) {
+		am_destroy(state);
+		die(_("Failed to split patches."));
+	}
+
+	if (state->rebasing)
+		state->threeway = 1;
+
+	write_state_bool(state, "threeway", state->threeway);
+	write_state_bool(state, "quiet", state->quiet);
+	write_state_bool(state, "sign", state->signoff);
+	write_state_bool(state, "utf8", state->utf8);
+
+	switch (state->keep) {
+	case KEEP_FALSE:
+		str = "f";
+		break;
+	case KEEP_TRUE:
+		str = "t";
+		break;
+	case KEEP_NON_PATCH:
+		str = "b";
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid value for state->keep");
+	}
+
+	write_state_text(state, "keep", str);
+	write_state_bool(state, "messageid", state->message_id);
+
+	switch (state->scissors) {
+	case SCISSORS_UNSET:
+		str = "";
+		break;
+	case SCISSORS_FALSE:
+		str = "f";
+		break;
+	case SCISSORS_TRUE:
+		str = "t";
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid value for state->scissors");
+	}
+	write_state_text(state, "scissors", str);
+
+	sq_quote_argv(&sb, state->git_apply_opts.argv, 0);
+	write_state_text(state, "apply-opt", sb.buf);
+
+	if (state->rebasing)
+		write_state_text(state, "rebasing", "");
+	else
+		write_state_text(state, "applying", "");
+
+	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", curr_head)) {
+		write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", sha1_to_hex(curr_head));
+		if (!state->rebasing)
+			update_ref("am", "ORIG_HEAD", curr_head, NULL, 0,
+					UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+	} else {
+		write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", "");
+		if (!state->rebasing)
+			delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", NULL, 0);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * NOTE: Since the "next" and "last" files determine if an am_state
+	 * session is in progress, they should be written last.
+	 */
+
+	write_state_count(state, "next", state->cur);
+	write_state_count(state, "last", state->last);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Increments the patch pointer, and cleans am_state for the application of the
+ * next patch.
+ */
+static void am_next(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	unsigned char head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	free(state->author_name);
+	state->author_name = NULL;
+
+	free(state->author_email);
+	state->author_email = NULL;
+
+	free(state->author_date);
+	state->author_date = NULL;
+
+	free(state->msg);
+	state->msg = NULL;
+	state->msg_len = 0;
+
+	unlink(am_path(state, "author-script"));
+	unlink(am_path(state, "final-commit"));
+
+	hashclr(state->orig_commit);
+	unlink(am_path(state, "original-commit"));
+
+	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", head))
+		write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", sha1_to_hex(head));
+	else
+		write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", "");
+
+	state->cur++;
+	write_state_count(state, "next", state->cur);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the filename of the current patch email.
+ */
+static const char *msgnum(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%0*d", state->prec, state->cur);
+
+	return sb.buf;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Refresh and write index.
+ */
+static void refresh_and_write_cache(void)
+{
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		die(_("unable to write index file"));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns 1 if the index differs from HEAD, 0 otherwise. When on an unborn
+ * branch, returns 1 if there are entries in the index, 0 otherwise. If an
+ * strbuf is provided, the space-separated list of files that differ will be
+ * appended to it.
+ */
+static int index_has_changes(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	unsigned char head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	int i;
+
+	if (!get_sha1_tree("HEAD", head)) {
+		struct diff_options opt;
+
+		diff_setup(&opt);
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
+		if (!sb)
+			DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, QUICK);
+		do_diff_cache(head, &opt);
+		diffcore_std(&opt);
+		for (i = 0; sb && i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+			if (i)
+				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->path);
+		}
+		diff_flush(&opt);
+		return DIFF_OPT_TST(&opt, HAS_CHANGES) != 0;
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; sb && i < active_nr; i++) {
+			if (i)
+				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, active_cache[i]->name);
+		}
+		return !!active_nr;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dies with a user-friendly message on how to proceed after resolving the
+ * problem. This message can be overridden with state->resolvemsg.
+ */
+static void NORETURN die_user_resolve(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	if (state->resolvemsg) {
+		printf_ln("%s", state->resolvemsg);
+	} else {
+		const char *cmdline = state->interactive ? "git am -i" : "git am";
+
+		printf_ln(_("When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."), cmdline);
+		printf_ln(_("If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."), cmdline);
+		printf_ln(_("To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."), cmdline);
+	}
+
+	exit(128);
+}
+
+static void am_signoff(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	char *cp;
+	struct strbuf mine = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Does it end with our own sign-off? */
+	strbuf_addf(&mine, "\n%s%s\n",
+		    sign_off_header,
+		    fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+			     getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
+	if (mine.len < sb->len &&
+	    !strcmp(mine.buf, sb->buf + sb->len - mine.len))
+		goto exit; /* no need to duplicate */
+
+	/* Does it have any Signed-off-by: in the text */
+	for (cp = sb->buf;
+	     cp && *cp && (cp = strstr(cp, sign_off_header)) != NULL;
+	     cp = strchr(cp, '\n')) {
+		if (sb->buf == cp || cp[-1] == '\n')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, mine.buf + !!cp);
+exit:
+	strbuf_release(&mine);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Appends signoff to the "msg" field of the am_state.
+ */
+static void am_append_signoff(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_attach(&sb, state->msg, state->msg_len, state->msg_len);
+	am_signoff(&sb);
+	state->msg = strbuf_detach(&sb, &state->msg_len);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses `mail` using git-mailinfo, extracting its patch and authorship info.
+ * state->msg will be set to the patch message. state->author_name,
+ * state->author_email and state->author_date will be set to the patch author's
+ * name, email and date respectively. The patch body will be written to the
+ * state directory's "patch" file.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the patch should be skipped, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int parse_mail(struct am_state *state, const char *mail)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf author_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf author_date = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf author_email = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct mailinfo mi;
+
+	setup_mailinfo(&mi);
+
+	if (state->utf8)
+		mi.metainfo_charset = get_commit_output_encoding();
+	else
+		mi.metainfo_charset = NULL;
+
+	switch (state->keep) {
+	case KEEP_FALSE:
+		break;
+	case KEEP_TRUE:
+		mi.keep_subject = 1;
+		break;
+	case KEEP_NON_PATCH:
+		mi.keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid value for state->keep");
+	}
+
+	if (state->message_id)
+		mi.add_message_id = 1;
+
+	switch (state->scissors) {
+	case SCISSORS_UNSET:
+		break;
+	case SCISSORS_FALSE:
+		mi.use_scissors = 0;
+		break;
+	case SCISSORS_TRUE:
+		mi.use_scissors = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid value for state->scissors");
+	}
+
+	mi.input = fopen(mail, "r");
+	if (!mi.input)
+		die("could not open input");
+	mi.output = fopen(am_path(state, "info"), "w");
+	if (!mi.output)
+		die("could not open output 'info'");
+	if (mailinfo(&mi, am_path(state, "msg"), am_path(state, "patch")))
+		die("could not parse patch");
+
+	fclose(mi.input);
+	fclose(mi.output);
+
+	/* Extract message and author information */
+	fp = xfopen(am_path(state, "info"), "r");
+	while (!strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, fp)) {
+		const char *x;
+
+		if (skip_prefix(sb.buf, "Subject: ", &x)) {
+			if (msg.len)
+				strbuf_addch(&msg, '\n');
+			strbuf_addstr(&msg, x);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(sb.buf, "Author: ", &x))
+			strbuf_addstr(&author_name, x);
+		else if (skip_prefix(sb.buf, "Email: ", &x))
+			strbuf_addstr(&author_email, x);
+		else if (skip_prefix(sb.buf, "Date: ", &x))
+			strbuf_addstr(&author_date, x);
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	/* Skip pine's internal folder data */
+	if (!strcmp(author_name.buf, "Mail System Internal Data")) {
+		ret = 1;
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	if (is_empty_file(am_path(state, "patch"))) {
+		printf_ln(_("Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"));
+		die_user_resolve(state);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&msg, "\n\n");
+	strbuf_addbuf(&msg, &mi.log_message);
+	strbuf_stripspace(&msg, 0);
+
+	if (state->signoff)
+		am_signoff(&msg);
+
+	assert(!state->author_name);
+	state->author_name = strbuf_detach(&author_name, NULL);
+
+	assert(!state->author_email);
+	state->author_email = strbuf_detach(&author_email, NULL);
+
+	assert(!state->author_date);
+	state->author_date = strbuf_detach(&author_date, NULL);
+
+	assert(!state->msg);
+	state->msg = strbuf_detach(&msg, &state->msg_len);
+
+finish:
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	strbuf_release(&author_date);
+	strbuf_release(&author_email);
+	strbuf_release(&author_name);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	clear_mailinfo(&mi);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets commit_id to the commit hash where the mail was generated from.
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int get_mail_commit_sha1(unsigned char *commit_id, const char *mail)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *fp = xfopen(mail, "r");
+	const char *x;
+
+	if (strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, fp))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(sb.buf, "From ", &x))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(x, commit_id) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	fclose(fp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets state->msg, state->author_name, state->author_email, state->author_date
+ * to the commit's respective info.
+ */
+static void get_commit_info(struct am_state *state, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *buffer, *ident_line, *author_date, *msg;
+	size_t ident_len;
+	struct ident_split ident_split;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	buffer = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, get_commit_output_encoding());
+
+	ident_line = find_commit_header(buffer, "author", &ident_len);
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident_split, ident_line, ident_len) < 0) {
+		strbuf_add(&sb, ident_line, ident_len);
+		die(_("invalid ident line: %s"), sb.buf);
+	}
+
+	assert(!state->author_name);
+	if (ident_split.name_begin) {
+		strbuf_add(&sb, ident_split.name_begin,
+			ident_split.name_end - ident_split.name_begin);
+		state->author_name = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	} else
+		state->author_name = xstrdup("");
+
+	assert(!state->author_email);
+	if (ident_split.mail_begin) {
+		strbuf_add(&sb, ident_split.mail_begin,
+			ident_split.mail_end - ident_split.mail_begin);
+		state->author_email = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	} else
+		state->author_email = xstrdup("");
+
+	author_date = show_ident_date(&ident_split, DATE_MODE(NORMAL));
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb, author_date);
+	assert(!state->author_date);
+	state->author_date = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+
+	assert(!state->msg);
+	msg = strstr(buffer, "\n\n");
+	if (!msg)
+		die(_("unable to parse commit %s"), oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+	state->msg = xstrdup(msg + 2);
+	state->msg_len = strlen(state->msg);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes `commit` as a patch to the state directory's "patch" file.
+ */
+static void write_commit_patch(const struct am_state *state, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev_info;
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	fp = xfopen(am_path(state, "patch"), "w");
+	init_revisions(&rev_info, NULL);
+	rev_info.diff = 1;
+	rev_info.abbrev = 0;
+	rev_info.disable_stdin = 1;
+	rev_info.show_root_diff = 1;
+	rev_info.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	rev_info.no_commit_id = 1;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev_info.diffopt, BINARY);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev_info.diffopt, FULL_INDEX);
+	rev_info.diffopt.use_color = 0;
+	rev_info.diffopt.file = fp;
+	rev_info.diffopt.close_file = 1;
+	add_pending_object(&rev_info, &commit->object, "");
+	diff_setup_done(&rev_info.diffopt);
+	log_tree_commit(&rev_info, commit);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes the diff of the index against HEAD as a patch to the state
+ * directory's "patch" file.
+ */
+static void write_index_patch(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct tree *tree;
+	unsigned char head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	struct rev_info rev_info;
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	if (!get_sha1_tree("HEAD", head))
+		tree = lookup_tree(head);
+	else
+		tree = lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+
+	fp = xfopen(am_path(state, "patch"), "w");
+	init_revisions(&rev_info, NULL);
+	rev_info.diff = 1;
+	rev_info.disable_stdin = 1;
+	rev_info.no_commit_id = 1;
+	rev_info.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	rev_info.diffopt.use_color = 0;
+	rev_info.diffopt.file = fp;
+	rev_info.diffopt.close_file = 1;
+	add_pending_object(&rev_info, &tree->object, "");
+	diff_setup_done(&rev_info.diffopt);
+	run_diff_index(&rev_info, 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Like parse_mail(), but parses the mail by looking up its commit ID
+ * directly. This is used in --rebasing mode to bypass git-mailinfo's munging
+ * of patches.
+ *
+ * state->orig_commit will be set to the original commit ID.
+ *
+ * Will always return 0 as the patch should never be skipped.
+ */
+static int parse_mail_rebase(struct am_state *state, const char *mail)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	if (get_mail_commit_sha1(commit_sha1, mail) < 0)
+		die(_("could not parse %s"), mail);
+
+	commit = lookup_commit_or_die(commit_sha1, mail);
+
+	get_commit_info(state, commit);
+
+	write_commit_patch(state, commit);
+
+	hashcpy(state->orig_commit, commit_sha1);
+	write_state_text(state, "original-commit", sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Applies current patch with git-apply. Returns 0 on success, -1 otherwise. If
+ * `index_file` is not NULL, the patch will be applied to that index.
+ */
+static int run_apply(const struct am_state *state, const char *index_file)
+{
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+
+	if (index_file)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are allowed to fall back on 3-way merge, don't give false
+	 * errors during the initial attempt.
+	 */
+	if (state->threeway && !index_file) {
+		cp.no_stdout = 1;
+		cp.no_stderr = 1;
+	}
+
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "apply");
+
+	argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, state->git_apply_opts.argv);
+
+	if (index_file)
+		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--cached");
+	else
+		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--index");
+
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, am_path(state, "patch"));
+
+	if (run_command(&cp))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Reload index as git-apply will have modified it. */
+	discard_cache();
+	read_cache_from(index_file ? index_file : get_index_file());
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds an index that contains just the blobs needed for a 3way merge.
+ */
+static int build_fake_ancestor(const struct am_state *state, const char *index_file)
+{
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "apply");
+	argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, state->git_apply_opts.argv);
+	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--build-fake-ancestor=%s", index_file);
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, am_path(state, "patch"));
+
+	if (run_command(&cp))
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Do the three-way merge using fake ancestor, his tree constructed
+ * from the fake ancestor and the postimage of the patch, and our
+ * state.
+ */
+static int run_fallback_merge_recursive(const struct am_state *state,
+					unsigned char *orig_tree,
+					unsigned char *our_tree,
+					unsigned char *his_tree)
+{
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int status;
+
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "GITHEAD_%s=%.*s",
+			 sha1_to_hex(his_tree), linelen(state->msg), state->msg);
+	if (state->quiet)
+		argv_array_push(&cp.env_array, "GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=0");
+
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "merge-recursive");
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, sha1_to_hex(orig_tree));
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--");
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, sha1_to_hex(our_tree));
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, sha1_to_hex(his_tree));
+
+	status = run_command(&cp) ? (-1) : 0;
+	discard_cache();
+	read_cache();
+	return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attempt a threeway merge, using index_path as the temporary index.
+ */
+static int fall_back_threeway(const struct am_state *state, const char *index_path)
+{
+	unsigned char orig_tree[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], his_tree[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ],
+		      our_tree[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", our_tree) < 0)
+		hashcpy(our_tree, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+
+	if (build_fake_ancestor(state, index_path))
+		return error("could not build fake ancestor");
+
+	discard_cache();
+	read_cache_from(index_path);
+
+	if (write_index_as_tree(orig_tree, &the_index, index_path, 0, NULL))
+		return error(_("Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."));
+
+	say(state, stdout, _("Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."));
+
+	if (!state->quiet) {
+		/*
+		 * List paths that needed 3-way fallback, so that the user can
+		 * review them with extra care to spot mismerges.
+		 */
+		struct rev_info rev_info;
+		const char *diff_filter_str = "--diff-filter=AM";
+
+		init_revisions(&rev_info, NULL);
+		rev_info.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
+		diff_opt_parse(&rev_info.diffopt, &diff_filter_str, 1, rev_info.prefix);
+		add_pending_sha1(&rev_info, "HEAD", our_tree, 0);
+		diff_setup_done(&rev_info.diffopt);
+		run_diff_index(&rev_info, 1);
+	}
+
+	if (run_apply(state, index_path))
+		return error(_("Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+				"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."));
+
+	if (write_index_as_tree(his_tree, &the_index, index_path, 0, NULL))
+		return error("could not write tree");
+
+	say(state, stdout, _("Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."));
+
+	discard_cache();
+	read_cache();
+
+	/*
+	 * This is not so wrong. Depending on which base we picked, orig_tree
+	 * may be wildly different from ours, but his_tree has the same set of
+	 * wildly different changes in parts the patch did not touch, so
+	 * recursive ends up canceling them, saying that we reverted all those
+	 * changes.
+	 */
+
+	if (run_fallback_merge_recursive(state, orig_tree, our_tree, his_tree)) {
+		rerere(state->allow_rerere_autoupdate);
+		return error(_("Failed to merge in the changes."));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Commits the current index with state->msg as the commit message and
+ * state->author_name, state->author_email and state->author_date as the author
+ * information.
+ */
+static void do_commit(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	unsigned char tree[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], parent[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ],
+		      commit[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	unsigned char *ptr;
+	struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
+	const char *reflog_msg, *author;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (run_hook_le(NULL, "pre-applypatch", NULL))
+		exit(1);
+
+	if (write_cache_as_tree(tree, 0, NULL))
+		die(_("git write-tree failed to write a tree"));
+
+	if (!get_sha1_commit("HEAD", parent)) {
+		ptr = parent;
+		commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(parent), &parents);
+	} else {
+		ptr = NULL;
+		say(state, stderr, _("applying to an empty history"));
+	}
+
+	author = fmt_ident(state->author_name, state->author_email,
+			state->ignore_date ? NULL : state->author_date,
+			IDENT_STRICT);
+
+	if (state->committer_date_is_author_date)
+		setenv("GIT_COMMITTER_DATE",
+			state->ignore_date ? "" : state->author_date, 1);
+
+	if (commit_tree(state->msg, state->msg_len, tree, parents, commit,
+				author, state->sign_commit))
+		die(_("failed to write commit object"));
+
+	reflog_msg = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+	if (!reflog_msg)
+		reflog_msg = "am";
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s: %.*s", reflog_msg, linelen(state->msg),
+			state->msg);
+
+	update_ref(sb.buf, "HEAD", commit, ptr, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	if (state->rebasing) {
+		FILE *fp = xfopen(am_path(state, "rewritten"), "a");
+
+		assert(!is_null_sha1(state->orig_commit));
+		fprintf(fp, "%s ", sha1_to_hex(state->orig_commit));
+		fprintf(fp, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit));
+		fclose(fp);
+	}
+
+	run_hook_le(NULL, "post-applypatch", NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates the am_state for resuming -- the "msg" and authorship fields must
+ * be filled up.
+ */
+static void validate_resume_state(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	if (!state->msg)
+		die(_("cannot resume: %s does not exist."),
+			am_path(state, "final-commit"));
+
+	if (!state->author_name || !state->author_email || !state->author_date)
+		die(_("cannot resume: %s does not exist."),
+			am_path(state, "author-script"));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Interactively prompt the user on whether the current patch should be
+ * applied.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if the user chooses to apply the patch, 1 if the user chooses to
+ * skip it.
+ */
+static int do_interactive(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	assert(state->msg);
+
+	if (!isatty(0))
+		die(_("cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."));
+
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *reply;
+
+		puts(_("Commit Body is:"));
+		puts("--------------------------");
+		printf("%s", state->msg);
+		puts("--------------------------");
+
+		/*
+		 * TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+		 * in your translation. The program will only accept English
+		 * input at this point.
+		 */
+		reply = git_prompt(_("Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "), PROMPT_ECHO);
+
+		if (!reply) {
+			continue;
+		} else if (*reply == 'y' || *reply == 'Y') {
+			return 0;
+		} else if (*reply == 'a' || *reply == 'A') {
+			state->interactive = 0;
+			return 0;
+		} else if (*reply == 'n' || *reply == 'N') {
+			return 1;
+		} else if (*reply == 'e' || *reply == 'E') {
+			struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+			if (!launch_editor(am_path(state, "final-commit"), &msg, NULL)) {
+				free(state->msg);
+				state->msg = strbuf_detach(&msg, &state->msg_len);
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&msg);
+		} else if (*reply == 'v' || *reply == 'V') {
+			const char *pager = git_pager(1);
+			struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+			if (!pager)
+				pager = "cat";
+			prepare_pager_args(&cp, pager);
+			argv_array_push(&cp.args, am_path(state, "patch"));
+			run_command(&cp);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Applies all queued mail.
+ *
+ * If `resume` is true, we are "resuming". The "msg" and authorship fields, as
+ * well as the state directory's "patch" file is used as-is for applying the
+ * patch and committing it.
+ */
+static void am_run(struct am_state *state, int resume)
+{
+	const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {"gc", "--auto", NULL};
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	unlink(am_path(state, "dirtyindex"));
+
+	refresh_and_write_cache();
+
+	if (index_has_changes(&sb)) {
+		write_state_bool(state, "dirtyindex", 1);
+		die(_("Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"), sb.buf);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	while (state->cur <= state->last) {
+		const char *mail = am_path(state, msgnum(state));
+		int apply_status;
+
+		if (!file_exists(mail))
+			goto next;
+
+		if (resume) {
+			validate_resume_state(state);
+		} else {
+			int skip;
+
+			if (state->rebasing)
+				skip = parse_mail_rebase(state, mail);
+			else
+				skip = parse_mail(state, mail);
+
+			if (skip)
+				goto next; /* mail should be skipped */
+
+			write_author_script(state);
+			write_commit_msg(state);
+		}
+
+		if (state->interactive && do_interactive(state))
+			goto next;
+
+		if (run_applypatch_msg_hook(state))
+			exit(1);
+
+		say(state, stdout, _("Applying: %.*s"), linelen(state->msg), state->msg);
+
+		apply_status = run_apply(state, NULL);
+
+		if (apply_status && state->threeway) {
+			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, am_path(state, "patch-merge-index"));
+			apply_status = fall_back_threeway(state, sb.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+			/*
+			 * Applying the patch to an earlier tree and merging
+			 * the result may have produced the same tree as ours.
+			 */
+			if (!apply_status && !index_has_changes(NULL)) {
+				say(state, stdout, _("No changes -- Patch already applied."));
+				goto next;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (apply_status) {
+			int advice_amworkdir = 1;
+
+			printf_ln(_("Patch failed at %s %.*s"), msgnum(state),
+				linelen(state->msg), state->msg);
+
+			git_config_get_bool("advice.amworkdir", &advice_amworkdir);
+
+			if (advice_amworkdir)
+				printf_ln(_("The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"),
+						am_path(state, "patch"));
+
+			die_user_resolve(state);
+		}
+
+		do_commit(state);
+
+next:
+		am_next(state);
+
+		if (resume)
+			am_load(state);
+		resume = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!is_empty_file(am_path(state, "rewritten"))) {
+		assert(state->rebasing);
+		copy_notes_for_rebase(state);
+		run_post_rewrite_hook(state);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * In rebasing mode, it's up to the caller to take care of
+	 * housekeeping.
+	 */
+	if (!state->rebasing) {
+		am_destroy(state);
+		close_all_packs();
+		run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resume the current am session after patch application failure. The user did
+ * all the hard work, and we do not have to do any patch application. Just
+ * trust and commit what the user has in the index and working tree.
+ */
+static void am_resolve(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	validate_resume_state(state);
+
+	say(state, stdout, _("Applying: %.*s"), linelen(state->msg), state->msg);
+
+	if (!index_has_changes(NULL)) {
+		printf_ln(_("No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+			"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+			"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."));
+		die_user_resolve(state);
+	}
+
+	if (unmerged_cache()) {
+		printf_ln(_("You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+			"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"));
+		die_user_resolve(state);
+	}
+
+	if (state->interactive) {
+		write_index_patch(state);
+		if (do_interactive(state))
+			goto next;
+	}
+
+	rerere(0);
+
+	do_commit(state);
+
+next:
+	am_next(state);
+	am_load(state);
+	am_run(state, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs a checkout fast-forward from `head` to `remote`. If `reset` is
+ * true, any unmerged entries will be discarded. Returns 0 on success, -1 on
+ * failure.
+ */
+static int fast_forward_to(struct tree *head, struct tree *remote, int reset)
+{
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t[2];
+
+	if (parse_tree(head) || parse_tree(remote))
+		return -1;
+
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.update = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.reset = reset;
+	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
+	init_tree_desc(&t[0], head->buffer, head->size);
+	init_tree_desc(&t[1], remote->buffer, remote->size);
+
+	if (unpack_trees(2, t, &opts)) {
+		rollback_lock_file(lock_file);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merges a tree into the index. The index's stat info will take precedence
+ * over the merged tree's. Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int merge_tree(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t[1];
+
+	if (parse_tree(tree))
+		return -1;
+
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+	init_tree_desc(&t[0], tree->buffer, tree->size);
+
+	if (unpack_trees(1, t, &opts)) {
+		rollback_lock_file(lock_file);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clean the index without touching entries that are not modified between
+ * `head` and `remote`.
+ */
+static int clean_index(const unsigned char *head, const unsigned char *remote)
+{
+	struct tree *head_tree, *remote_tree, *index_tree;
+	unsigned char index[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	head_tree = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	if (!head_tree)
+		return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), sha1_to_hex(head));
+
+	remote_tree = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
+	if (!remote_tree)
+		return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), sha1_to_hex(remote));
+
+	read_cache_unmerged();
+
+	if (fast_forward_to(head_tree, head_tree, 1))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (write_cache_as_tree(index, 0, NULL))
+		return -1;
+
+	index_tree = parse_tree_indirect(index);
+	if (!index_tree)
+		return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), sha1_to_hex(index));
+
+	if (fast_forward_to(index_tree, remote_tree, 0))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (merge_tree(remote_tree))
+		return -1;
+
+	remove_branch_state();
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resets rerere's merge resolution metadata.
+ */
+static void am_rerere_clear(void)
+{
+	struct string_list merge_rr = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	rerere_clear(&merge_rr);
+	string_list_clear(&merge_rr, 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resume the current am session by skipping the current patch.
+ */
+static void am_skip(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	unsigned char head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	am_rerere_clear();
+
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
+		hashcpy(head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+
+	if (clean_index(head, head))
+		die(_("failed to clean index"));
+
+	am_next(state);
+	am_load(state);
+	am_run(state, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if it is safe to reset HEAD to the ORIG_HEAD, false otherwise.
+ *
+ * It is not safe to reset HEAD when:
+ * 1. git-am previously failed because the index was dirty.
+ * 2. HEAD has moved since git-am previously failed.
+ */
+static int safe_to_abort(const struct am_state *state)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char abort_safety[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	if (file_exists(am_path(state, "dirtyindex")))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (read_state_file(&sb, state, "abort-safety", 1) > 0) {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, abort_safety))
+			die(_("could not parse %s"), am_path(state, "abort_safety"));
+	} else
+		hashclr(abort_safety);
+
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
+		hashclr(head);
+
+	if (!hashcmp(head, abort_safety))
+		return 1;
+
+	error(_("You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+		"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Aborts the current am session if it is safe to do so.
+ */
+static void am_abort(struct am_state *state)
+{
+	unsigned char curr_head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], orig_head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	int has_curr_head, has_orig_head;
+	char *curr_branch;
+
+	if (!safe_to_abort(state)) {
+		am_destroy(state);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	am_rerere_clear();
+
+	curr_branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, curr_head, NULL);
+	has_curr_head = !is_null_sha1(curr_head);
+	if (!has_curr_head)
+		hashcpy(curr_head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+
+	has_orig_head = !get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", orig_head);
+	if (!has_orig_head)
+		hashcpy(orig_head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+
+	clean_index(curr_head, orig_head);
+
+	if (has_orig_head)
+		update_ref("am --abort", "HEAD", orig_head,
+				has_curr_head ? curr_head : NULL, 0,
+				UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+	else if (curr_branch)
+		delete_ref(curr_branch, NULL, REF_NODEREF);
+
+	free(curr_branch);
+	am_destroy(state);
+}
+
+/**
+ * parse_options() callback that validates and sets opt->value to the
+ * PATCH_FORMAT_* enum value corresponding to `arg`.
+ */
+static int parse_opt_patchformat(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	int *opt_value = opt->value;
+
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "mbox"))
+		*opt_value = PATCH_FORMAT_MBOX;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "stgit"))
+		*opt_value = PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "stgit-series"))
+		*opt_value = PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT_SERIES;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "hg"))
+		*opt_value = PATCH_FORMAT_HG;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "mboxrd"))
+		*opt_value = PATCH_FORMAT_MBOXRD;
+	else
+		return error(_("Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"), arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum resume_mode {
+	RESUME_FALSE = 0,
+	RESUME_APPLY,
+	RESUME_RESOLVED,
+	RESUME_SKIP,
+	RESUME_ABORT
+};
+
+static int git_am_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	int status;
+
+	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
+	return git_default_config(k, v, NULL);
+}
+
+int cmd_am(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct am_state state;
+	int binary = -1;
+	int keep_cr = -1;
+	int patch_format = PATCH_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
+	enum resume_mode resume = RESUME_FALSE;
+	int in_progress;
+
+	const char * const usage[] = {
+		N_("git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"),
+		N_("git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"),
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &state.interactive,
+			N_("run interactively")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL('b', "binary", &binary,
+			N_("historical option -- no-op")),
+		OPT_BOOL('3', "3way", &state.threeway,
+			N_("allow fall back on 3way merging if needed")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&state.quiet, N_("be quiet")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('s', "signoff", &state.signoff,
+			N_("add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"),
+			SIGNOFF_EXPLICIT),
+		OPT_BOOL('u', "utf8", &state.utf8,
+			N_("recode into utf8 (default)")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('k', "keep", &state.keep,
+			N_("pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"), KEEP_TRUE),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep-non-patch", &state.keep,
+			N_("pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"), KEEP_NON_PATCH),
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "message-id", &state.message_id,
+			N_("pass -m flag to git-mailinfo")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "keep-cr", &keep_cr, NULL,
+		  N_("pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-keep-cr", &keep_cr, NULL,
+		  N_("do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 0},
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "scissors", &state.scissors,
+			N_("strip everything before a scissors line")),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "whitespace", &state.git_apply_opts, N_("action"),
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			0),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "ignore-space-change", &state.git_apply_opts, NULL,
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "ignore-whitespace", &state.git_apply_opts, NULL,
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "directory", &state.git_apply_opts, N_("root"),
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			0),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "exclude", &state.git_apply_opts, N_("path"),
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			0),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "include", &state.git_apply_opts, N_("path"),
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			0),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV('C', NULL, &state.git_apply_opts, N_("n"),
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			0),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV('p', NULL, &state.git_apply_opts, N_("num"),
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			0),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "patch-format", &patch_format, N_("format"),
+			N_("format the patch(es) are in"),
+			parse_opt_patchformat),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "reject", &state.git_apply_opts, NULL,
+			N_("pass it through git-apply"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "resolvemsg", &state.resolvemsg, NULL,
+			N_("override error message when patch failure occurs")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "continue", &resume,
+			N_("continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"),
+			RESUME_RESOLVED),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('r', "resolved", &resume,
+			N_("synonyms for --continue"),
+			RESUME_RESOLVED),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "skip", &resume,
+			N_("skip the current patch"),
+			RESUME_SKIP),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "abort", &resume,
+			N_("restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."),
+			RESUME_ABORT),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "committer-date-is-author-date",
+			&state.committer_date_is_author_date,
+			N_("lie about committer date")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-date", &state.ignore_date,
+			N_("use current timestamp for author date")),
+		OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&state.allow_rerere_autoupdate),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &state.sign_commit, N_("key-id"),
+		  N_("GPG-sign commits"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "rebasing", &state.rebasing,
+			N_("(internal use for git-rebase)")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_am_config, NULL);
+
+	am_state_init(&state, git_path("rebase-apply"));
+
+	in_progress = am_in_progress(&state);
+	if (in_progress)
+		am_load(&state);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+
+	if (binary >= 0)
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+				"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."));
+
+	/* Ensure a valid committer ident can be constructed */
+	git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
+
+	if (read_index_preload(&the_index, NULL) < 0)
+		die(_("failed to read the index"));
+
+	if (in_progress) {
+		/*
+		 * Catch user error to feed us patches when there is a session
+		 * in progress:
+		 *
+		 * 1. mbox path(s) are provided on the command-line.
+		 * 2. stdin is not a tty: the user is trying to feed us a patch
+		 *    from standard input. This is somewhat unreliable -- stdin
+		 *    could be /dev/null for example and the caller did not
+		 *    intend to feed us a patch but wanted to continue
+		 *    unattended.
+		 */
+		if (argc || (resume == RESUME_FALSE && !isatty(0)))
+			die(_("previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."),
+				state.dir);
+
+		if (resume == RESUME_FALSE)
+			resume = RESUME_APPLY;
+
+		if (state.signoff == SIGNOFF_EXPLICIT)
+			am_append_signoff(&state);
+	} else {
+		struct argv_array paths = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		int i;
+
+		/*
+		 * Handle stray state directory in the independent-run case. In
+		 * the --rebasing case, it is up to the caller to take care of
+		 * stray directories.
+		 */
+		if (file_exists(state.dir) && !state.rebasing) {
+			if (resume == RESUME_ABORT) {
+				am_destroy(&state);
+				am_state_release(&state);
+				return 0;
+			}
+
+			die(_("Stray %s directory found.\n"
+				"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."),
+				state.dir);
+		}
+
+		if (resume)
+			die(_("Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."));
+
+		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+			if (is_absolute_path(argv[i]) || !prefix)
+				argv_array_push(&paths, argv[i]);
+			else
+				argv_array_push(&paths, mkpath("%s/%s", prefix, argv[i]));
+		}
+
+		am_setup(&state, patch_format, paths.argv, keep_cr);
+
+		argv_array_clear(&paths);
+	}
+
+	switch (resume) {
+	case RESUME_FALSE:
+		am_run(&state, 0);
+		break;
+	case RESUME_APPLY:
+		am_run(&state, 1);
+		break;
+	case RESUME_RESOLVED:
+		am_resolve(&state);
+		break;
+	case RESUME_SKIP:
+		am_skip(&state);
+		break;
+	case RESUME_ABORT:
+		am_abort(&state);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid resume value");
+	}
+
+	am_state_release(&state);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/annotate.c b/builtin/annotate.c
index fc43eed36b..da413ae0d1 100644
--- a/builtin/annotate.c
+++ b/builtin/annotate.c
@@ -5,20 +5,18 @@
  */
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char **nargv;
+	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	int i;
-	nargv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc + 2));
 
-	nargv[0] = "annotate";
-	nargv[1] = "-c";
+	argv_array_pushl(&args, "annotate", "-c", NULL);
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		nargv[i+1] = argv[i];
+		argv_array_push(&args, argv[i]);
 	}
-	nargv[argc + 1] = NULL;
 
-	return cmd_blame(argc + 1, nargv, prefix);
+	return cmd_blame(args.argc, args.argv, prefix);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/apply.c b/builtin/apply.c
index c24dc546d0..7fc5c3e307 100644
--- a/builtin/apply.c
+++ b/builtin/apply.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  *
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -14,133 +15,167 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "diff.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
 
-/*
- *  --check turns on checking that the working tree matches the
- *    files that are being modified, but doesn't apply the patch
- *  --stat does just a diffstat, and doesn't actually apply
- *  --numstat does numeric diffstat, and doesn't actually apply
- *  --index-info shows the old and new index info for paths if available.
- *  --index updates the cache as well.
- *  --cached updates only the cache without ever touching the working tree.
- */
-static const char *prefix;
-static int prefix_length = -1;
-static int newfd = -1;
-
-static int unidiff_zero;
-static int p_value = 1;
-static int p_value_known;
-static int check_index;
-static int update_index;
-static int cached;
-static int diffstat;
-static int numstat;
-static int summary;
-static int check;
-static int apply = 1;
-static int apply_in_reverse;
-static int apply_with_reject;
-static int apply_verbosely;
-static int allow_overlap;
-static int no_add;
-static const char *fake_ancestor;
-static int line_termination = '\n';
-static unsigned int p_context = UINT_MAX;
-static const char * const apply_usage[] = {
-	"git apply [options] [<patch>...]",
-	NULL
-};
-
-static enum ws_error_action {
+enum ws_error_action {
 	nowarn_ws_error,
 	warn_on_ws_error,
 	die_on_ws_error,
 	correct_ws_error
-} ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
-static int whitespace_error;
-static int squelch_whitespace_errors = 5;
-static int applied_after_fixing_ws;
+};
 
-static enum ws_ignore {
+
+enum ws_ignore {
 	ignore_ws_none,
 	ignore_ws_change
-} ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+};
 
+/*
+ * We need to keep track of how symlinks in the preimage are
+ * manipulated by the patches.  A patch to add a/b/c where a/b
+ * is a symlink should not be allowed to affect the directory
+ * the symlink points at, but if the same patch removes a/b,
+ * it is perfectly fine, as the patch removes a/b to make room
+ * to create a directory a/b so that a/b/c can be created.
+ *
+ * See also "struct string_list symlink_changes" in "struct
+ * apply_state".
+ */
+#define SYMLINK_GOES_AWAY 01
+#define SYMLINK_IN_RESULT 02
+
+struct apply_state {
+	const char *prefix;
+	int prefix_length;
+
+	/* These are lock_file related */
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+	int newfd;
+
+	/* These control what gets looked at and modified */
+	int apply; /* this is not a dry-run */
+	int cached; /* apply to the index only */
+	int check; /* preimage must match working tree, don't actually apply */
+	int check_index; /* preimage must match the indexed version */
+	int update_index; /* check_index && apply */
+
+	/* These control cosmetic aspect of the output */
+	int diffstat; /* just show a diffstat, and don't actually apply */
+	int numstat; /* just show a numeric diffstat, and don't actually apply */
+	int summary; /* just report creation, deletion, etc, and don't actually apply */
+
+	/* These boolean parameters control how the apply is done */
+	int allow_overlap;
+	int apply_in_reverse;
+	int apply_with_reject;
+	int apply_verbosely;
+	int no_add;
+	int threeway;
+	int unidiff_zero;
+	int unsafe_paths;
+
+	/* Other non boolean parameters */
+	const char *fake_ancestor;
+	const char *patch_input_file;
+	int line_termination;
+	struct strbuf root;
+	int p_value;
+	int p_value_known;
+	unsigned int p_context;
+
+	/* Exclude and include path parameters */
+	struct string_list limit_by_name;
+	int has_include;
+
+	/* Various "current state" */
+	int linenr; /* current line number */
+	struct string_list symlink_changes; /* we have to track symlinks */
 
-static const char *patch_input_file;
-static const char *root;
-static int root_len;
-static int read_stdin = 1;
-static int options;
+	/*
+	 * For "diff-stat" like behaviour, we keep track of the biggest change
+	 * we've seen, and the longest filename. That allows us to do simple
+	 * scaling.
+	 */
+	int max_change;
+	int max_len;
+
+	/*
+	 * Records filenames that have been touched, in order to handle
+	 * the case where more than one patches touch the same file.
+	 */
+	struct string_list fn_table;
+
+	/* These control whitespace errors */
+	enum ws_error_action ws_error_action;
+	enum ws_ignore ws_ignore_action;
+	const char *whitespace_option;
+	int whitespace_error;
+	int squelch_whitespace_errors;
+	int applied_after_fixing_ws;
+};
 
-static void parse_whitespace_option(const char *option)
+static const char * const apply_usage[] = {
+	N_("git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+static void parse_whitespace_option(struct apply_state *state, const char *option)
 {
 	if (!option) {
-		ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
+		state->ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(option, "warn")) {
-		ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
+		state->ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(option, "nowarn")) {
-		ws_error_action = nowarn_ws_error;
+		state->ws_error_action = nowarn_ws_error;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(option, "error")) {
-		ws_error_action = die_on_ws_error;
+		state->ws_error_action = die_on_ws_error;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(option, "error-all")) {
-		ws_error_action = die_on_ws_error;
-		squelch_whitespace_errors = 0;
+		state->ws_error_action = die_on_ws_error;
+		state->squelch_whitespace_errors = 0;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(option, "strip") || !strcmp(option, "fix")) {
-		ws_error_action = correct_ws_error;
+		state->ws_error_action = correct_ws_error;
 		return;
 	}
-	die("unrecognized whitespace option '%s'", option);
+	die(_("unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"), option);
 }
 
-static void parse_ignorewhitespace_option(const char *option)
+static void parse_ignorewhitespace_option(struct apply_state *state,
+					  const char *option)
 {
 	if (!option || !strcmp(option, "no") ||
 	    !strcmp(option, "false") || !strcmp(option, "never") ||
 	    !strcmp(option, "none")) {
-		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+		state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(option, "change")) {
-		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
+		state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
 		return;
 	}
-	die("unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'", option);
+	die(_("unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"), option);
 }
 
-static void set_default_whitespace_mode(const char *whitespace_option)
+static void set_default_whitespace_mode(struct apply_state *state)
 {
-	if (!whitespace_option && !apply_default_whitespace)
-		ws_error_action = (apply ? warn_on_ws_error : nowarn_ws_error);
+	if (!state->whitespace_option && !apply_default_whitespace)
+		state->ws_error_action = (state->apply ? warn_on_ws_error : nowarn_ws_error);
 }
 
 /*
- * For "diff-stat" like behaviour, we keep track of the biggest change
- * we've seen, and the longest filename. That allows us to do simple
- * scaling.
- */
-static int max_change, max_len;
-
-/*
- * Various "current state", notably line numbers and what
- * file (and how) we're patching right now.. The "is_xxxx"
- * things are flags, where -1 means "don't know yet".
- */
-static int linenr = 1;
-
-/*
  * This represents one "hunk" from a patch, starting with
  * "@@ -oldpos,oldlines +newpos,newlines @@" marker.  The
  * patch text is pointed at by patch, and its byte length
@@ -151,9 +186,14 @@ struct fragment {
 	unsigned long leading, trailing;
 	unsigned long oldpos, oldlines;
 	unsigned long newpos, newlines;
+	/*
+	 * 'patch' is usually borrowed from buf in apply_patch(),
+	 * but some codepaths store an allocated buffer.
+	 */
 	const char *patch;
+	unsigned free_patch:1,
+		rejected:1;
 	int size;
-	int rejected;
 	int linenr;
 	struct fragment *next;
 };
@@ -178,7 +218,6 @@ struct patch {
 	int is_new, is_delete;	/* -1 = unknown, 0 = false, 1 = true */
 	int rejected;
 	unsigned ws_rule;
-	unsigned long deflate_origlen;
 	int lines_added, lines_deleted;
 	int score;
 	unsigned int is_toplevel_relative:1;
@@ -187,14 +226,49 @@ struct patch {
 	unsigned int is_copy:1;
 	unsigned int is_rename:1;
 	unsigned int recount:1;
+	unsigned int conflicted_threeway:1;
+	unsigned int direct_to_threeway:1;
 	struct fragment *fragments;
 	char *result;
 	size_t resultsize;
 	char old_sha1_prefix[41];
 	char new_sha1_prefix[41];
 	struct patch *next;
+
+	/* three-way fallback result */
+	struct object_id threeway_stage[3];
 };
 
+static void free_fragment_list(struct fragment *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct fragment *next = list->next;
+		if (list->free_patch)
+			free((char *)list->patch);
+		free(list);
+		list = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void free_patch(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	free_fragment_list(patch->fragments);
+	free(patch->def_name);
+	free(patch->old_name);
+	free(patch->new_name);
+	free(patch->result);
+	free(patch);
+}
+
+static void free_patch_list(struct patch *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct patch *next = list->next;
+		free_patch(list);
+		list = next;
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * A line in a file, len-bytes long (includes the terminating LF,
  * except for an incomplete line at the end if the file ends with
@@ -220,13 +294,6 @@ struct image {
 	struct line *line;
 };
 
-/*
- * Records filenames that have been touched, in order to handle
- * the case where more than one patches touch the same file.
- */
-
-static struct string_list fn_table;
-
 static uint32_t hash_line(const char *cp, size_t len)
 {
 	size_t i;
@@ -256,11 +323,13 @@ static int fuzzy_matchlines(const char *s1, size_t n1,
 	while ((*last2 == '\r') || (*last2 == '\n'))
 		last2--;
 
-	/* skip leading whitespace */
-	while (isspace(*s1) && (s1 <= last1))
-		s1++;
-	while (isspace(*s2) && (s2 <= last2))
-		s2++;
+	/* skip leading whitespaces, if both begin with whitespace */
+	if (s1 <= last1 && s2 <= last2 && isspace(*s1) && isspace(*s2)) {
+		while (isspace(*s1) && (s1 <= last1))
+			s1++;
+		while (isspace(*s2) && (s2 <= last2))
+			s2++;
+	}
 	/* early return if both lines are empty */
 	if ((s1 > last1) && (s2 > last2))
 		return 1;
@@ -301,6 +370,11 @@ static void add_line_info(struct image *img, const char *bol, size_t len, unsign
 	img->nr++;
 }
 
+/*
+ * "buf" has the file contents to be patched (read from various sources).
+ * attach it to "image" and add line-based index to it.
+ * "image" now owns the "buf".
+ */
 static void prepare_image(struct image *image, char *buf, size_t len,
 			  int prepare_linetable)
 {
@@ -330,29 +404,31 @@ static void prepare_image(struct image *image, char *buf, size_t len,
 static void clear_image(struct image *image)
 {
 	free(image->buf);
-	image->buf = NULL;
-	image->len = 0;
+	free(image->line_allocated);
+	memset(image, 0, sizeof(*image));
 }
 
-static void say_patch_name(FILE *output, const char *pre,
-			   struct patch *patch, const char *post)
+/* fmt must contain _one_ %s and no other substitution */
+static void say_patch_name(FILE *output, const char *fmt, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	fputs(pre, output);
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	if (patch->old_name && patch->new_name &&
 	    strcmp(patch->old_name, patch->new_name)) {
-		quote_c_style(patch->old_name, NULL, output, 0);
-		fputs(" => ", output);
-		quote_c_style(patch->new_name, NULL, output, 0);
+		quote_c_style(patch->old_name, &sb, NULL, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, " => ");
+		quote_c_style(patch->new_name, &sb, NULL, 0);
 	} else {
 		const char *n = patch->new_name;
 		if (!n)
 			n = patch->old_name;
-		quote_c_style(n, NULL, output, 0);
+		quote_c_style(n, &sb, NULL, 0);
 	}
-	fputs(post, output);
+	fprintf(output, fmt, sb.buf);
+	fputc('\n', output);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-#define CHUNKSIZE (8192)
 #define SLOP (16)
 
 static void read_patch_file(struct strbuf *sb, int fd)
@@ -382,13 +458,13 @@ static unsigned long linelen(const char *buffer, unsigned long size)
 
 static int is_dev_null(const char *str)
 {
-	return !memcmp("/dev/null", str, 9) && isspace(str[9]);
+	return skip_prefix(str, "/dev/null", &str) && isspace(*str);
 }
 
 #define TERM_SPACE	1
 #define TERM_TAB	2
 
-static int name_terminate(const char *name, int namelen, int c, int terminate)
+static int name_terminate(int c, int terminate)
 {
 	if (c == ' ' && !(terminate & TERM_SPACE))
 		return 0;
@@ -415,14 +491,17 @@ static char *squash_slash(char *name)
 	return name;
 }
 
-static char *find_name_gnu(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
+static char *find_name_gnu(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *line,
+			   const char *def,
+			   int p_value)
 {
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *cp;
 
 	/*
 	 * Proposed "new-style" GNU patch/diff format; see
-	 * http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
+	 * http://marc.info/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
 	 */
 	if (unquote_c_style(&name, line, NULL)) {
 		strbuf_release(&name);
@@ -438,13 +517,9 @@ static char *find_name_gnu(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
 		cp++;
 	}
 
-	/* name can later be freed, so we need
-	 * to memmove, not just return cp
-	 */
 	strbuf_remove(&name, 0, cp - name.buf);
-	free(def);
-	if (root)
-		strbuf_insert(&name, 0, root, root_len);
+	if (state->root.len)
+		strbuf_insert(&name, 0, state->root.buf, state->root.len);
 	return squash_slash(strbuf_detach(&name, NULL));
 }
 
@@ -607,8 +682,12 @@ static size_t diff_timestamp_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 	return line + len - end;
 }
 
-static char *find_name_common(const char *line, char *def, int p_value,
-				const char *end, int terminate)
+static char *find_name_common(struct apply_state *state,
+			      const char *line,
+			      const char *def,
+			      int p_value,
+			      const char *end,
+			      int terminate)
 {
 	int len;
 	const char *start = NULL;
@@ -621,7 +700,7 @@ static char *find_name_common(const char *line, char *def, int p_value,
 		if (!end && isspace(c)) {
 			if (c == '\n')
 				break;
-			if (name_terminate(start, line-start, c, terminate))
+			if (name_terminate(c, terminate))
 				break;
 		}
 		line++;
@@ -629,10 +708,10 @@ static char *find_name_common(const char *line, char *def, int p_value,
 			start = line;
 	}
 	if (!start)
-		return squash_slash(def);
+		return squash_slash(xstrdup_or_null(def));
 	len = line - start;
 	if (!len)
-		return squash_slash(def);
+		return squash_slash(xstrdup_or_null(def));
 
 	/*
 	 * Generally we prefer the shorter name, especially
@@ -643,39 +722,42 @@ static char *find_name_common(const char *line, char *def, int p_value,
 	if (def) {
 		int deflen = strlen(def);
 		if (deflen < len && !strncmp(start, def, deflen))
-			return squash_slash(def);
-		free(def);
+			return squash_slash(xstrdup(def));
 	}
 
-	if (root) {
-		char *ret = xmalloc(root_len + len + 1);
-		strcpy(ret, root);
-		memcpy(ret + root_len, start, len);
-		ret[root_len + len] = '\0';
+	if (state->root.len) {
+		char *ret = xstrfmt("%s%.*s", state->root.buf, len, start);
 		return squash_slash(ret);
 	}
 
 	return squash_slash(xmemdupz(start, len));
 }
 
-static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
+static char *find_name(struct apply_state *state,
+		       const char *line,
+		       char *def,
+		       int p_value,
+		       int terminate)
 {
 	if (*line == '"') {
-		char *name = find_name_gnu(line, def, p_value);
+		char *name = find_name_gnu(state, line, def, p_value);
 		if (name)
 			return name;
 	}
 
-	return find_name_common(line, def, p_value, NULL, terminate);
+	return find_name_common(state, line, def, p_value, NULL, terminate);
 }
 
-static char *find_name_traditional(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
+static char *find_name_traditional(struct apply_state *state,
+				   const char *line,
+				   char *def,
+				   int p_value)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(line);
+	size_t len;
 	size_t date_len;
 
 	if (*line == '"') {
-		char *name = find_name_gnu(line, def, p_value);
+		char *name = find_name_gnu(state, line, def, p_value);
 		if (name)
 			return name;
 	}
@@ -683,10 +765,10 @@ static char *find_name_traditional(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
 	len = strchrnul(line, '\n') - line;
 	date_len = diff_timestamp_len(line, len);
 	if (!date_len)
-		return find_name_common(line, def, p_value, NULL, TERM_TAB);
+		return find_name_common(state, line, def, p_value, NULL, TERM_TAB);
 	len -= date_len;
 
-	return find_name_common(line, def, p_value, line + len, 0);
+	return find_name_common(state, line, def, p_value, line + len, 0);
 }
 
 static int count_slashes(const char *cp)
@@ -704,30 +786,30 @@ static int count_slashes(const char *cp)
  * Given the string after "--- " or "+++ ", guess the appropriate
  * p_value for the given patch.
  */
-static int guess_p_value(const char *nameline)
+static int guess_p_value(struct apply_state *state, const char *nameline)
 {
 	char *name, *cp;
 	int val = -1;
 
 	if (is_dev_null(nameline))
 		return -1;
-	name = find_name_traditional(nameline, NULL, 0);
+	name = find_name_traditional(state, nameline, NULL, 0);
 	if (!name)
 		return -1;
 	cp = strchr(name, '/');
 	if (!cp)
 		val = 0;
-	else if (prefix) {
+	else if (state->prefix) {
 		/*
 		 * Does it begin with "a/$our-prefix" and such?  Then this is
 		 * very likely to apply to our directory.
 		 */
-		if (!strncmp(name, prefix, prefix_length))
-			val = count_slashes(prefix);
+		if (!strncmp(name, state->prefix, state->prefix_length))
+			val = count_slashes(state->prefix);
 		else {
 			cp++;
-			if (!strncmp(cp, prefix, prefix_length))
-				val = count_slashes(prefix) + 1;
+			if (!strncmp(cp, state->prefix, state->prefix_length))
+				val = count_slashes(state->prefix) + 1;
 		}
 	}
 	free(name);
@@ -735,7 +817,7 @@ static int guess_p_value(const char *nameline)
 }
 
 /*
- * Does the ---/+++ line has the POSIX timestamp after the last HT?
+ * Does the ---/+++ line have the POSIX timestamp after the last HT?
  * GNU diff puts epoch there to signal a creation/deletion event.  Is
  * this such a timestamp?
  */
@@ -769,7 +851,7 @@ static int has_epoch_timestamp(const char *nameline)
 	if (!stamp) {
 		stamp = xmalloc(sizeof(*stamp));
 		if (regcomp(stamp, stamp_regexp, REG_EXTENDED)) {
-			warning("Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s",
+			warning(_("Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"),
 				stamp_regexp);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -778,7 +860,7 @@ static int has_epoch_timestamp(const char *nameline)
 	status = regexec(stamp, timestamp, ARRAY_SIZE(m), m, 0);
 	if (status) {
 		if (status != REG_NOMATCH)
-			warning("regexec returned %d for input: %s",
+			warning(_("regexec returned %d for input: %s"),
 				status, timestamp);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -814,35 +896,40 @@ static int has_epoch_timestamp(const char *nameline)
  * files, we can happily check the index for a match, but for creating a
  * new file we should try to match whatever "patch" does. I have no idea.
  */
-static void parse_traditional_patch(const char *first, const char *second, struct patch *patch)
+static void parse_traditional_patch(struct apply_state *state,
+				    const char *first,
+				    const char *second,
+				    struct patch *patch)
 {
 	char *name;
 
 	first += 4;	/* skip "--- " */
 	second += 4;	/* skip "+++ " */
-	if (!p_value_known) {
+	if (!state->p_value_known) {
 		int p, q;
-		p = guess_p_value(first);
-		q = guess_p_value(second);
+		p = guess_p_value(state, first);
+		q = guess_p_value(state, second);
 		if (p < 0) p = q;
 		if (0 <= p && p == q) {
-			p_value = p;
-			p_value_known = 1;
+			state->p_value = p;
+			state->p_value_known = 1;
 		}
 	}
 	if (is_dev_null(first)) {
 		patch->is_new = 1;
 		patch->is_delete = 0;
-		name = find_name_traditional(second, NULL, p_value);
+		name = find_name_traditional(state, second, NULL, state->p_value);
 		patch->new_name = name;
 	} else if (is_dev_null(second)) {
 		patch->is_new = 0;
 		patch->is_delete = 1;
-		name = find_name_traditional(first, NULL, p_value);
+		name = find_name_traditional(state, first, NULL, state->p_value);
 		patch->old_name = name;
 	} else {
-		name = find_name_traditional(first, NULL, p_value);
-		name = find_name_traditional(second, name, p_value);
+		char *first_name;
+		first_name = find_name_traditional(state, first, NULL, state->p_value);
+		name = find_name_traditional(state, second, first_name, state->p_value);
+		free(first_name);
 		if (has_epoch_timestamp(first)) {
 			patch->is_new = 1;
 			patch->is_delete = 0;
@@ -852,14 +939,17 @@ static void parse_traditional_patch(const char *first, const char *second, struc
 			patch->is_delete = 1;
 			patch->old_name = name;
 		} else {
-			patch->old_name = patch->new_name = name;
+			patch->old_name = name;
+			patch->new_name = xstrdup_or_null(name);
 		}
 	}
 	if (!name)
-		die("unable to find filename in patch at line %d", linenr);
+		die(_("unable to find filename in patch at line %d"), state->linenr);
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_hdrend(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_hdrend(struct apply_state *state,
+			  const char *line,
+			  struct patch *patch)
 {
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -873,114 +963,158 @@ static int gitdiff_hdrend(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
  * their names against any previous information, just
  * to make sure..
  */
-static char *gitdiff_verify_name(const char *line, int isnull, char *orig_name, const char *oldnew)
+#define DIFF_OLD_NAME 0
+#define DIFF_NEW_NAME 1
+
+static void gitdiff_verify_name(struct apply_state *state,
+				const char *line,
+				int isnull,
+				char **name,
+				int side)
 {
-	if (!orig_name && !isnull)
-		return find_name(line, NULL, p_value, TERM_TAB);
+	if (!*name && !isnull) {
+		*name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value, TERM_TAB);
+		return;
+	}
 
-	if (orig_name) {
-		int len;
-		const char *name;
+	if (*name) {
+		int len = strlen(*name);
 		char *another;
-		name = orig_name;
-		len = strlen(name);
 		if (isnull)
-			die("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d", name, linenr);
-		another = find_name(line, NULL, p_value, TERM_TAB);
-		if (!another || memcmp(another, name, len + 1))
-			die("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent %s filename on line %d", oldnew, linenr);
+			die(_("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"),
+			    *name, state->linenr);
+		another = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value, TERM_TAB);
+		if (!another || memcmp(another, *name, len + 1))
+			die((side == DIFF_NEW_NAME) ?
+			    _("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d") :
+			    _("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"), state->linenr);
 		free(another);
-		return orig_name;
-	}
-	else {
+	} else {
 		/* expect "/dev/null" */
 		if (memcmp("/dev/null", line, 9) || line[9] != '\n')
-			die("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d", linenr);
-		return NULL;
+			die(_("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"), state->linenr);
 	}
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_oldname(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_oldname(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *line,
+			   struct patch *patch)
 {
-	patch->old_name = gitdiff_verify_name(line, patch->is_new, patch->old_name, "old");
+	gitdiff_verify_name(state, line,
+			    patch->is_new, &patch->old_name,
+			    DIFF_OLD_NAME);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_newname(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_newname(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *line,
+			   struct patch *patch)
 {
-	patch->new_name = gitdiff_verify_name(line, patch->is_delete, patch->new_name, "new");
+	gitdiff_verify_name(state, line,
+			    patch->is_delete, &patch->new_name,
+			    DIFF_NEW_NAME);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_oldmode(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_oldmode(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *line,
+			   struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->old_mode = strtoul(line, NULL, 8);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_newmode(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_newmode(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *line,
+			   struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->new_mode = strtoul(line, NULL, 8);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_delete(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_delete(struct apply_state *state,
+			  const char *line,
+			  struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_delete = 1;
-	patch->old_name = patch->def_name;
-	return gitdiff_oldmode(line, patch);
+	free(patch->old_name);
+	patch->old_name = xstrdup_or_null(patch->def_name);
+	return gitdiff_oldmode(state, line, patch);
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_newfile(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_newfile(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *line,
+			   struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_new = 1;
-	patch->new_name = patch->def_name;
-	return gitdiff_newmode(line, patch);
+	free(patch->new_name);
+	patch->new_name = xstrdup_or_null(patch->def_name);
+	return gitdiff_newmode(state, line, patch);
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_copysrc(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_copysrc(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *line,
+			   struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_copy = 1;
-	patch->old_name = find_name(line, NULL, p_value ? p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
+	free(patch->old_name);
+	patch->old_name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value ? state->p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_copydst(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_copydst(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *line,
+			   struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_copy = 1;
-	patch->new_name = find_name(line, NULL, p_value ? p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
+	free(patch->new_name);
+	patch->new_name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value ? state->p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_renamesrc(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_renamesrc(struct apply_state *state,
+			     const char *line,
+			     struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_rename = 1;
-	patch->old_name = find_name(line, NULL, p_value ? p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
+	free(patch->old_name);
+	patch->old_name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value ? state->p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_renamedst(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_renamedst(struct apply_state *state,
+			     const char *line,
+			     struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_rename = 1;
-	patch->new_name = find_name(line, NULL, p_value ? p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
+	free(patch->new_name);
+	patch->new_name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value ? state->p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_similarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_similarity(struct apply_state *state,
+			      const char *line,
+			      struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_dissimilarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_dissimilarity(struct apply_state *state,
+				 const char *line,
+				 struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int gitdiff_index(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_index(struct apply_state *state,
+			 const char *line,
+			 struct patch *patch)
 {
 	/*
 	 * index line is N hexadecimal, "..", N hexadecimal,
@@ -998,7 +1132,7 @@ static int gitdiff_index(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 
 	line = ptr + 2;
 	ptr = strchr(line, ' ');
-	eol = strchr(line, '\n');
+	eol = strchrnul(line, '\n');
 
 	if (!ptr || eol < ptr)
 		ptr = eol;
@@ -1017,20 +1151,32 @@ static int gitdiff_index(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
  * This is normal for a diff that doesn't change anything: we'll fall through
  * into the next diff. Tell the parser to break out.
  */
-static int gitdiff_unrecognized(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+static int gitdiff_unrecognized(struct apply_state *state,
+				const char *line,
+				struct patch *patch)
 {
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static const char *stop_at_slash(const char *line, int llen)
+/*
+ * Skip p_value leading components from "line"; as we do not accept
+ * absolute paths, return NULL in that case.
+ */
+static const char *skip_tree_prefix(struct apply_state *state,
+				    const char *line,
+				    int llen)
 {
-	int nslash = p_value;
+	int nslash;
 	int i;
 
+	if (!state->p_value)
+		return (llen && line[0] == '/') ? NULL : line;
+
+	nslash = state->p_value;
 	for (i = 0; i < llen; i++) {
 		int ch = line[i];
 		if (ch == '/' && --nslash <= 0)
-			return &line[i];
+			return (i == 0) ? NULL : &line[i + 1];
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -1043,7 +1189,9 @@ static const char *stop_at_slash(const char *line, int llen)
  * creation or deletion of an empty file.  In any of these cases,
  * both sides are the same name under a/ and b/ respectively.
  */
-static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
+static char *git_header_name(struct apply_state *state,
+			     const char *line,
+			     int llen)
 {
 	const char *name;
 	const char *second = NULL;
@@ -1060,12 +1208,11 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 		if (unquote_c_style(&first, line, &second))
 			goto free_and_fail1;
 
-		/* advance to the first slash */
-		cp = stop_at_slash(first.buf, first.len);
-		/* we do not accept absolute paths */
-		if (!cp || cp == first.buf)
+		/* strip the a/b prefix including trailing slash */
+		cp = skip_tree_prefix(state, first.buf, first.len);
+		if (!cp)
 			goto free_and_fail1;
-		strbuf_remove(&first, 0, cp + 1 - first.buf);
+		strbuf_remove(&first, 0, cp - first.buf);
 
 		/*
 		 * second points at one past closing dq of name.
@@ -1079,22 +1226,21 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 		if (*second == '"') {
 			if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
 				goto free_and_fail1;
-			cp = stop_at_slash(sp.buf, sp.len);
-			if (!cp || cp == sp.buf)
+			cp = skip_tree_prefix(state, sp.buf, sp.len);
+			if (!cp)
 				goto free_and_fail1;
 			/* They must match, otherwise ignore */
-			if (strcmp(cp + 1, first.buf))
+			if (strcmp(cp, first.buf))
 				goto free_and_fail1;
 			strbuf_release(&sp);
 			return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
 		}
 
 		/* unquoted second */
-		cp = stop_at_slash(second, line + llen - second);
-		if (!cp || cp == second)
+		cp = skip_tree_prefix(state, second, line + llen - second);
+		if (!cp)
 			goto free_and_fail1;
-		cp++;
-		if (line + llen - cp != first.len + 1 ||
+		if (line + llen - cp != first.len ||
 		    memcmp(first.buf, cp, first.len))
 			goto free_and_fail1;
 		return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
@@ -1106,10 +1252,9 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 	}
 
 	/* unquoted first name */
-	name = stop_at_slash(line, llen);
-	if (!name || name == line)
+	name = skip_tree_prefix(state, line, llen);
+	if (!name)
 		return NULL;
-	name++;
 
 	/*
 	 * since the first name is unquoted, a dq if exists must be
@@ -1123,10 +1268,9 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 			if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
 				goto free_and_fail2;
 
-			np = stop_at_slash(sp.buf, sp.len);
-			if (!np || np == sp.buf)
+			np = skip_tree_prefix(state, sp.buf, sp.len);
+			if (!np)
 				goto free_and_fail2;
-			np++;
 
 			len = sp.buf + sp.len - np;
 			if (len < second - name &&
@@ -1158,19 +1302,37 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 		case '\n':
 			return NULL;
 		case '\t': case ' ':
-			second = stop_at_slash(name + len, line_len - len);
+			/*
+			 * Is this the separator between the preimage
+			 * and the postimage pathname?  Again, we are
+			 * only interested in the case where there is
+			 * no rename, as this is only to set def_name
+			 * and a rename patch has the names elsewhere
+			 * in an unambiguous form.
+			 */
+			if (!name[len + 1])
+				return NULL; /* no postimage name */
+			second = skip_tree_prefix(state, name + len + 1,
+						  line_len - (len + 1));
 			if (!second)
 				return NULL;
-			second++;
-			if (second[len] == '\n' && !strncmp(name, second, len)) {
+			/*
+			 * Does len bytes starting at "name" and "second"
+			 * (that are separated by one HT or SP we just
+			 * found) exactly match?
+			 */
+			if (second[len] == '\n' && !strncmp(name, second, len))
 				return xmemdupz(name, len);
-			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 /* Verify that we recognize the lines following a git header */
-static int parse_git_header(char *line, int len, unsigned int size, struct patch *patch)
+static int parse_git_header(struct apply_state *state,
+			    const char *line,
+			    int len,
+			    unsigned int size,
+			    struct patch *patch)
 {
 	unsigned long offset;
 
@@ -1184,22 +1346,20 @@ static int parse_git_header(char *line, int len, unsigned int size, struct patch
 	 * or removing or adding empty files), so we get
 	 * the default name from the header.
 	 */
-	patch->def_name = git_header_name(line, len);
-	if (patch->def_name && root) {
-		char *s = xmalloc(root_len + strlen(patch->def_name) + 1);
-		strcpy(s, root);
-		strcpy(s + root_len, patch->def_name);
+	patch->def_name = git_header_name(state, line, len);
+	if (patch->def_name && state->root.len) {
+		char *s = xstrfmt("%s%s", state->root.buf, patch->def_name);
 		free(patch->def_name);
 		patch->def_name = s;
 	}
 
 	line += len;
 	size -= len;
-	linenr++;
-	for (offset = len ; size > 0 ; offset += len, size -= len, line += len, linenr++) {
+	state->linenr++;
+	for (offset = len ; size > 0 ; offset += len, size -= len, line += len, state->linenr++) {
 		static const struct opentry {
 			const char *str;
-			int (*fn)(const char *, struct patch *);
+			int (*fn)(struct apply_state *, const char *, struct patch *);
 		} optable[] = {
 			{ "@@ -", gitdiff_hdrend },
 			{ "--- ", gitdiff_oldname },
@@ -1229,7 +1389,7 @@ static int parse_git_header(char *line, int len, unsigned int size, struct patch
 			int oplen = strlen(p->str);
 			if (len < oplen || memcmp(p->str, line, oplen))
 				continue;
-			if (p->fn(line + oplen, patch) < 0)
+			if (p->fn(state, line + oplen, patch) < 0)
 				return offset;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -1286,7 +1446,7 @@ static int parse_range(const char *line, int len, int offset, const char *expect
 	return offset + ex;
 }
 
-static void recount_diff(char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
+static void recount_diff(const char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
 {
 	int oldlines = 0, newlines = 0, ret = 0;
 
@@ -1316,17 +1476,17 @@ static void recount_diff(char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
 		case '\\':
 			continue;
 		case '@':
-			ret = size < 3 || prefixcmp(line, "@@ ");
+			ret = size < 3 || !starts_with(line, "@@ ");
 			break;
 		case 'd':
-			ret = size < 5 || prefixcmp(line, "diff ");
+			ret = size < 5 || !starts_with(line, "diff ");
 			break;
 		default:
 			ret = -1;
 			break;
 		}
 		if (ret) {
-			warning("recount: unexpected line: %.*s",
+			warning(_("recount: unexpected line: %.*s"),
 				(int)linelen(line, size), line);
 			return;
 		}
@@ -1340,7 +1500,7 @@ static void recount_diff(char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
  * Parse a unified diff fragment header of the
  * form "@@ -a,b +c,d @@"
  */
-static int parse_fragment_header(char *line, int len, struct fragment *fragment)
+static int parse_fragment_header(const char *line, int len, struct fragment *fragment)
 {
 	int offset;
 
@@ -1354,7 +1514,11 @@ static int parse_fragment_header(char *line, int len, struct fragment *fragment)
 	return offset;
 }
 
-static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patch *patch)
+static int find_header(struct apply_state *state,
+		       const char *line,
+		       unsigned long size,
+		       int *hdrsize,
+		       struct patch *patch)
 {
 	unsigned long offset, len;
 
@@ -1363,7 +1527,7 @@ static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patc
 	patch->is_new = patch->is_delete = -1;
 	patch->old_mode = patch->new_mode = 0;
 	patch->old_name = patch->new_name = NULL;
-	for (offset = 0; size > 0; offset += len, size -= len, line += len, linenr++) {
+	for (offset = 0; size > 0; offset += len, size -= len, line += len, state->linenr++) {
 		unsigned long nextlen;
 
 		len = linelen(line, size);
@@ -1383,8 +1547,8 @@ static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patc
 			struct fragment dummy;
 			if (parse_fragment_header(line, len, &dummy) < 0)
 				continue;
-			die("patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s",
-			    linenr, (int)len-1, line);
+			die(_("patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"),
+			    state->linenr, (int)len-1, line);
 		}
 
 		if (size < len + 6)
@@ -1395,18 +1559,23 @@ static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patc
 		 * or mode change, so we handle that specially
 		 */
 		if (!memcmp("diff --git ", line, 11)) {
-			int git_hdr_len = parse_git_header(line, len, size, patch);
+			int git_hdr_len = parse_git_header(state, line, len, size, patch);
 			if (git_hdr_len <= len)
 				continue;
 			if (!patch->old_name && !patch->new_name) {
 				if (!patch->def_name)
-					die("git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
-					    "%d leading pathname components (line %d)" , p_value, linenr);
-				patch->old_name = patch->new_name = patch->def_name;
+					die(Q_("git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
+					       "%d leading pathname component (line %d)",
+					       "git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
+					       "%d leading pathname components (line %d)",
+					       state->p_value),
+					    state->p_value, state->linenr);
+				patch->old_name = xstrdup(patch->def_name);
+				patch->new_name = xstrdup(patch->def_name);
 			}
 			if (!patch->is_delete && !patch->new_name)
 				die("git diff header lacks filename information "
-				    "(line %d)", linenr);
+				    "(line %d)", state->linenr);
 			patch->is_toplevel_relative = 1;
 			*hdrsize = git_hdr_len;
 			return offset;
@@ -1426,37 +1595,44 @@ static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patc
 			continue;
 
 		/* Ok, we'll consider it a patch */
-		parse_traditional_patch(line, line+len, patch);
+		parse_traditional_patch(state, line, line+len, patch);
 		*hdrsize = len + nextlen;
-		linenr += 2;
+		state->linenr += 2;
 		return offset;
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static void record_ws_error(unsigned result, const char *line, int len, int linenr)
+static void record_ws_error(struct apply_state *state,
+			    unsigned result,
+			    const char *line,
+			    int len,
+			    int linenr)
 {
 	char *err;
 
 	if (!result)
 		return;
 
-	whitespace_error++;
-	if (squelch_whitespace_errors &&
-	    squelch_whitespace_errors < whitespace_error)
+	state->whitespace_error++;
+	if (state->squelch_whitespace_errors &&
+	    state->squelch_whitespace_errors < state->whitespace_error)
 		return;
 
 	err = whitespace_error_string(result);
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: %s.\n%.*s\n",
-		patch_input_file, linenr, err, len, line);
+		state->patch_input_file, linenr, err, len, line);
 	free(err);
 }
 
-static void check_whitespace(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule)
+static void check_whitespace(struct apply_state *state,
+			     const char *line,
+			     int len,
+			     unsigned ws_rule)
 {
 	unsigned result = ws_check(line + 1, len - 1, ws_rule);
 
-	record_ws_error(result, line + 1, len - 2, linenr);
+	record_ws_error(state, result, line + 1, len - 2, state->linenr);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1465,8 +1641,11 @@ static void check_whitespace(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule)
  * between a "---" that is part of a patch, and a "---" that starts
  * the next patch is to look at the line counts..
  */
-static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
-			  struct patch *patch, struct fragment *fragment)
+static int parse_fragment(struct apply_state *state,
+			  const char *line,
+			  unsigned long size,
+			  struct patch *patch,
+			  struct fragment *fragment)
 {
 	int added, deleted;
 	int len = linelen(line, size), offset;
@@ -1486,11 +1665,11 @@ static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
 	/* Parse the thing.. */
 	line += len;
 	size -= len;
-	linenr++;
+	state->linenr++;
 	added = deleted = 0;
 	for (offset = len;
 	     0 < size;
-	     offset += len, size -= len, line += len, linenr++) {
+	     offset += len, size -= len, line += len, state->linenr++) {
 		if (!oldlines && !newlines)
 			break;
 		len = linelen(line, size);
@@ -1506,19 +1685,22 @@ static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
 			if (!deleted && !added)
 				leading++;
 			trailing++;
+			if (!state->apply_in_reverse &&
+			    state->ws_error_action == correct_ws_error)
+				check_whitespace(state, line, len, patch->ws_rule);
 			break;
 		case '-':
-			if (apply_in_reverse &&
-			    ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error)
-				check_whitespace(line, len, patch->ws_rule);
+			if (state->apply_in_reverse &&
+			    state->ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error)
+				check_whitespace(state, line, len, patch->ws_rule);
 			deleted++;
 			oldlines--;
 			trailing = 0;
 			break;
 		case '+':
-			if (!apply_in_reverse &&
-			    ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error)
-				check_whitespace(line, len, patch->ws_rule);
+			if (!state->apply_in_reverse &&
+			    state->ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error)
+				check_whitespace(state, line, len, patch->ws_rule);
 			added++;
 			newlines--;
 			trailing = 0;
@@ -1540,6 +1722,9 @@ static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
 	}
 	if (oldlines || newlines)
 		return -1;
+	if (!deleted && !added)
+		return -1;
+
 	fragment->leading = leading;
 	fragment->trailing = trailing;
 
@@ -1555,13 +1740,24 @@ static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
 	patch->lines_deleted += deleted;
 
 	if (0 < patch->is_new && oldlines)
-		return error("new file depends on old contents");
+		return error(_("new file depends on old contents"));
 	if (0 < patch->is_delete && newlines)
-		return error("deleted file still has contents");
+		return error(_("deleted file still has contents"));
 	return offset;
 }
 
-static int parse_single_patch(char *line, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
+/*
+ * We have seen "diff --git a/... b/..." header (or a traditional patch
+ * header).  Read hunks that belong to this patch into fragments and hang
+ * them to the given patch structure.
+ *
+ * The (fragment->patch, fragment->size) pair points into the memory given
+ * by the caller, not a copy, when we return.
+ */
+static int parse_single_patch(struct apply_state *state,
+			      const char *line,
+			      unsigned long size,
+			      struct patch *patch)
 {
 	unsigned long offset = 0;
 	unsigned long oldlines = 0, newlines = 0, context = 0;
@@ -1572,10 +1768,10 @@ static int parse_single_patch(char *line, unsigned long size, struct patch *patc
 		int len;
 
 		fragment = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*fragment));
-		fragment->linenr = linenr;
-		len = parse_fragment(line, size, patch, fragment);
+		fragment->linenr = state->linenr;
+		len = parse_fragment(state, line, size, patch, fragment);
 		if (len <= 0)
-			die("corrupt patch at line %d", linenr);
+			die(_("corrupt patch at line %d"), state->linenr);
 		fragment->patch = line;
 		fragment->size = len;
 		oldlines += fragment->oldlines;
@@ -1611,12 +1807,14 @@ static int parse_single_patch(char *line, unsigned long size, struct patch *patc
 		patch->is_delete = 0;
 
 	if (0 < patch->is_new && oldlines)
-		die("new file %s depends on old contents", patch->new_name);
+		die(_("new file %s depends on old contents"), patch->new_name);
 	if (0 < patch->is_delete && newlines)
-		die("deleted file %s still has contents", patch->old_name);
+		die(_("deleted file %s still has contents"), patch->old_name);
 	if (!patch->is_delete && !newlines && context)
-		fprintf(stderr, "** warning: file %s becomes empty but "
-			"is not deleted\n", patch->new_name);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   _("** warning: "
+			     "file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"),
+			   patch->new_name);
 
 	return offset;
 }
@@ -1654,7 +1852,13 @@ static char *inflate_it(const void *data, unsigned long size,
 	return out;
 }
 
-static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
+/*
+ * Read a binary hunk and return a new fragment; fragment->patch
+ * points at an allocated memory that the caller must free, so
+ * it is marked as "->free_patch = 1".
+ */
+static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(struct apply_state *state,
+					  char **buf_p,
 					  unsigned long *sz_p,
 					  int *status_p,
 					  int *used_p)
@@ -1685,24 +1889,24 @@ static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
 
 	*status_p = 0;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "delta ")) {
+	if (starts_with(buffer, "delta ")) {
 		patch_method = BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED;
 		origlen = strtoul(buffer + 6, NULL, 10);
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "literal ")) {
+	else if (starts_with(buffer, "literal ")) {
 		patch_method = BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED;
 		origlen = strtoul(buffer + 8, NULL, 10);
 	}
 	else
 		return NULL;
 
-	linenr++;
+	state->linenr++;
 	buffer += llen;
 	while (1) {
 		int byte_length, max_byte_length, newsize;
 		llen = linelen(buffer, size);
 		used += llen;
-		linenr++;
+		state->linenr++;
 		if (llen == 1) {
 			/* consume the blank line */
 			buffer++;
@@ -1741,6 +1945,7 @@ static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
 
 	frag = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*frag));
 	frag->patch = inflate_it(data, hunk_size, origlen);
+	frag->free_patch = 1;
 	if (!frag->patch)
 		goto corrupt;
 	free(data);
@@ -1754,12 +1959,20 @@ static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
  corrupt:
 	free(data);
 	*status_p = -1;
-	error("corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s",
-	      linenr-1, llen-1, buffer);
+	error(_("corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"),
+	      state->linenr-1, llen-1, buffer);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int parse_binary(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
+/*
+ * Returns:
+ *   -1 in case of error,
+ *   the length of the parsed binary patch otherwise
+ */
+static int parse_binary(struct apply_state *state,
+			char *buffer,
+			unsigned long size,
+			struct patch *patch)
 {
 	/*
 	 * We have read "GIT binary patch\n"; what follows is a line
@@ -1780,15 +1993,15 @@ static int parse_binary(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 	int status;
 	int used, used_1;
 
-	forward = parse_binary_hunk(&buffer, &size, &status, &used);
+	forward = parse_binary_hunk(state, &buffer, &size, &status, &used);
 	if (!forward && !status)
 		/* there has to be one hunk (forward hunk) */
-		return error("unrecognized binary patch at line %d", linenr-1);
+		return error(_("unrecognized binary patch at line %d"), state->linenr-1);
 	if (status)
 		/* otherwise we already gave an error message */
 		return status;
 
-	reverse = parse_binary_hunk(&buffer, &size, &status, &used_1);
+	reverse = parse_binary_hunk(state, &buffer, &size, &status, &used_1);
 	if (reverse)
 		used += used_1;
 	else if (status) {
@@ -1806,49 +2019,125 @@ static int parse_binary(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 	return used;
 }
 
-static int parse_chunk(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
+static void prefix_one(struct apply_state *state, char **name)
+{
+	char *old_name = *name;
+	if (!old_name)
+		return;
+	*name = xstrdup(prefix_filename(state->prefix, state->prefix_length, *name));
+	free(old_name);
+}
+
+static void prefix_patch(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *p)
+{
+	if (!state->prefix || p->is_toplevel_relative)
+		return;
+	prefix_one(state, &p->new_name);
+	prefix_one(state, &p->old_name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * include/exclude
+ */
+
+static void add_name_limit(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *name,
+			   int exclude)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *it;
+
+	it = string_list_append(&state->limit_by_name, name);
+	it->util = exclude ? NULL : (void *) 1;
+}
+
+static int use_patch(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *p)
+{
+	const char *pathname = p->new_name ? p->new_name : p->old_name;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Paths outside are not touched regardless of "--include" */
+	if (0 < state->prefix_length) {
+		int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
+		if (pathlen <= state->prefix_length ||
+		    memcmp(state->prefix, pathname, state->prefix_length))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* See if it matches any of exclude/include rule */
+	for (i = 0; i < state->limit_by_name.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it = &state->limit_by_name.items[i];
+		if (!wildmatch(it->string, pathname, 0, NULL))
+			return (it->util != NULL);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we had any include, a path that does not match any rule is
+	 * not used.  Otherwise, we saw bunch of exclude rules (or none)
+	 * and such a path is used.
+	 */
+	return !state->has_include;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Read the patch text in "buffer" that extends for "size" bytes; stop
+ * reading after seeing a single patch (i.e. changes to a single file).
+ * Create fragments (i.e. patch hunks) and hang them to the given patch.
+ * Return the number of bytes consumed, so that the caller can call us
+ * again for the next patch.
+ */
+static int parse_chunk(struct apply_state *state, char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	int hdrsize, patchsize;
-	int offset = find_header(buffer, size, &hdrsize, patch);
+	int offset = find_header(state, buffer, size, &hdrsize, patch);
 
 	if (offset < 0)
 		return offset;
 
-	patch->ws_rule = whitespace_rule(patch->new_name
-					 ? patch->new_name
-					 : patch->old_name);
+	prefix_patch(state, patch);
+
+	if (!use_patch(state, patch))
+		patch->ws_rule = 0;
+	else
+		patch->ws_rule = whitespace_rule(patch->new_name
+						 ? patch->new_name
+						 : patch->old_name);
 
-	patchsize = parse_single_patch(buffer + offset + hdrsize,
-				       size - offset - hdrsize, patch);
+	patchsize = parse_single_patch(state,
+				       buffer + offset + hdrsize,
+				       size - offset - hdrsize,
+				       patch);
 
 	if (!patchsize) {
-		static const char *binhdr[] = {
-			"Binary files ",
-			"Files ",
-			NULL,
-		};
 		static const char git_binary[] = "GIT binary patch\n";
-		int i;
 		int hd = hdrsize + offset;
 		unsigned long llen = linelen(buffer + hd, size - hd);
 
 		if (llen == sizeof(git_binary) - 1 &&
 		    !memcmp(git_binary, buffer + hd, llen)) {
 			int used;
-			linenr++;
-			used = parse_binary(buffer + hd + llen,
+			state->linenr++;
+			used = parse_binary(state, buffer + hd + llen,
 					    size - hd - llen, patch);
+			if (used < 0)
+				return -1;
 			if (used)
 				patchsize = used + llen;
 			else
 				patchsize = 0;
 		}
 		else if (!memcmp(" differ\n", buffer + hd + llen - 8, 8)) {
+			static const char *binhdr[] = {
+				"Binary files ",
+				"Files ",
+				NULL,
+			};
+			int i;
 			for (i = 0; binhdr[i]; i++) {
 				int len = strlen(binhdr[i]);
 				if (len < size - hd &&
 				    !memcmp(binhdr[i], buffer + hd, len)) {
-					linenr++;
+					state->linenr++;
 					patch->is_binary = 1;
 					patchsize = llen;
 					break;
@@ -1860,9 +2149,9 @@ static int parse_chunk(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 		 * without metadata change.  A binary patch appears
 		 * empty to us here.
 		 */
-		if ((apply || check) &&
+		if ((state->apply || state->check) &&
 		    (!patch->is_binary && !metadata_changes(patch)))
-			die("patch with only garbage at line %d", linenr);
+			die(_("patch with only garbage at line %d"), state->linenr);
 	}
 
 	return offset + hdrsize + patchsize;
@@ -1900,7 +2189,7 @@ static const char pluses[] =
 static const char minuses[]=
 "----------------------------------------------------------------------";
 
-static void show_stats(struct patch *patch)
+static void show_stats(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	struct strbuf qname = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *cp = patch->new_name ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name;
@@ -1911,7 +2200,7 @@ static void show_stats(struct patch *patch)
 	/*
 	 * "scale" the filename
 	 */
-	max = max_len;
+	max = state->max_len;
 	if (max > 50)
 		max = 50;
 
@@ -1934,13 +2223,13 @@ static void show_stats(struct patch *patch)
 	/*
 	 * scale the add/delete
 	 */
-	max = max + max_change > 70 ? 70 - max : max_change;
+	max = max + state->max_change > 70 ? 70 - max : state->max_change;
 	add = patch->lines_added;
 	del = patch->lines_deleted;
 
-	if (max_change > 0) {
-		int total = ((add + del) * max + max_change / 2) / max_change;
-		add = (add * max + max_change / 2) / max_change;
+	if (state->max_change > 0) {
+		int total = ((add + del) * max + state->max_change / 2) / state->max_change;
+		add = (add * max + state->max_change / 2) / state->max_change;
 		del = total - add;
 	}
 	printf("%5d %.*s%.*s\n", patch->lines_added + patch->lines_deleted,
@@ -1952,11 +2241,11 @@ static int read_old_data(struct stat *st, const char *path, struct strbuf *buf)
 	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 	case S_IFLNK:
 		if (strbuf_readlink(buf, path, st->st_size) < 0)
-			return error("unable to read symlink %s", path);
+			return error(_("unable to read symlink %s"), path);
 		return 0;
 	case S_IFREG:
 		if (strbuf_read_file(buf, path, st->st_size) != st->st_size)
-			return error("unable to open or read %s", path);
+			return error(_("unable to open or read %s"), path);
 		convert_to_git(path, buf->buf, buf->len, buf, 0);
 		return 0;
 	default:
@@ -1976,7 +2265,7 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 				   char *buf,
 				   size_t len, size_t postlen)
 {
-	int i, ctx;
+	int i, ctx, reduced;
 	char *new, *old, *fixed;
 	struct image fixed_preimage;
 
@@ -1986,18 +2275,20 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 	 * free "oldlines".
 	 */
 	prepare_image(&fixed_preimage, buf, len, 1);
-	assert(fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+	assert(postlen
+	       ? fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr
+	       : fixed_preimage.nr <= preimage->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < fixed_preimage.nr; i++)
 		fixed_preimage.line[i].flag = preimage->line[i].flag;
 	free(preimage->line_allocated);
 	*preimage = fixed_preimage;
 
 	/*
 	 * Adjust the common context lines in postimage. This can be
-	 * done in-place when we are just doing whitespace fixing,
-	 * which does not make the string grow, but needs a new buffer
-	 * when ignoring whitespace causes the update, since in this case
-	 * we could have e.g. tabs converted to multiple spaces.
+	 * done in-place when we are shrinking it with whitespace
+	 * fixing, but needs a new buffer when ignoring whitespace or
+	 * expanding leading tabs to spaces.
+	 *
 	 * We trust the caller to tell us if the update can be done
 	 * in place (postlen==0) or not.
 	 */
@@ -2007,18 +2298,19 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 	else
 		new = old;
 	fixed = preimage->buf;
-	for (i = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
-		size_t len = postimage->line[i].len;
+
+	for (i = reduced = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
+		size_t l_len = postimage->line[i].len;
 		if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
 			/* an added line -- no counterparts in preimage */
-			memmove(new, old, len);
-			old += len;
-			new += len;
+			memmove(new, old, l_len);
+			old += l_len;
+			new += l_len;
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		/* a common context -- skip it in the original postimage */
-		old += len;
+		old += l_len;
 
 		/* and find the corresponding one in the fixed preimage */
 		while (ctx < preimage->nr &&
@@ -2026,23 +2318,106 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 			fixed += preimage->line[ctx].len;
 			ctx++;
 		}
-		if (preimage->nr <= ctx)
-			die("oops");
+
+		/*
+		 * preimage is expected to run out, if the caller
+		 * fixed addition of trailing blank lines.
+		 */
+		if (preimage->nr <= ctx) {
+			reduced++;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		/* and copy it in, while fixing the line length */
-		len = preimage->line[ctx].len;
-		memcpy(new, fixed, len);
-		new += len;
-		fixed += len;
-		postimage->line[i].len = len;
+		l_len = preimage->line[ctx].len;
+		memcpy(new, fixed, l_len);
+		new += l_len;
+		fixed += l_len;
+		postimage->line[i].len = l_len;
 		ctx++;
 	}
 
+	if (postlen
+	    ? postlen < new - postimage->buf
+	    : postimage->len < new - postimage->buf)
+		die("BUG: caller miscounted postlen: asked %d, orig = %d, used = %d",
+		    (int)postlen, (int) postimage->len, (int)(new - postimage->buf));
+
 	/* Fix the length of the whole thing */
 	postimage->len = new - postimage->buf;
+	postimage->nr -= reduced;
 }
 
-static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
+static int line_by_line_fuzzy_match(struct image *img,
+				    struct image *preimage,
+				    struct image *postimage,
+				    unsigned long try,
+				    int try_lno,
+				    int preimage_limit)
+{
+	int i;
+	size_t imgoff = 0;
+	size_t preoff = 0;
+	size_t postlen = postimage->len;
+	size_t extra_chars;
+	char *buf;
+	char *preimage_eof;
+	char *preimage_end;
+	struct strbuf fixed;
+	char *fixed_buf;
+	size_t fixed_len;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++) {
+		size_t prelen = preimage->line[i].len;
+		size_t imglen = img->line[try_lno+i].len;
+
+		if (!fuzzy_matchlines(img->buf + try + imgoff, imglen,
+				      preimage->buf + preoff, prelen))
+			return 0;
+		if (preimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)
+			postlen += imglen - prelen;
+		imgoff += imglen;
+		preoff += prelen;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok, the preimage matches with whitespace fuzz.
+	 *
+	 * imgoff now holds the true length of the target that
+	 * matches the preimage before the end of the file.
+	 *
+	 * Count the number of characters in the preimage that fall
+	 * beyond the end of the file and make sure that all of them
+	 * are whitespace characters. (This can only happen if
+	 * we are removing blank lines at the end of the file.)
+	 */
+	buf = preimage_eof = preimage->buf + preoff;
+	for ( ; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+		preoff += preimage->line[i].len;
+	preimage_end = preimage->buf + preoff;
+	for ( ; buf < preimage_end; buf++)
+		if (!isspace(*buf))
+			return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Update the preimage and the common postimage context
+	 * lines to use the same whitespace as the target.
+	 * If whitespace is missing in the target (i.e.
+	 * if the preimage extends beyond the end of the file),
+	 * use the whitespace from the preimage.
+	 */
+	extra_chars = preimage_end - preimage_eof;
+	strbuf_init(&fixed, imgoff + extra_chars);
+	strbuf_add(&fixed, img->buf + try, imgoff);
+	strbuf_add(&fixed, preimage_eof, extra_chars);
+	fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
+	update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
+			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int match_fragment(struct apply_state *state,
+			  struct image *img,
 			  struct image *preimage,
 			  struct image *postimage,
 			  unsigned long try,
@@ -2053,7 +2428,7 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	int i;
 	char *fixed_buf, *buf, *orig, *target;
 	struct strbuf fixed;
-	size_t fixed_len;
+	size_t fixed_len, postlen;
 	int preimage_limit;
 
 	if (preimage->nr + try_lno <= img->nr) {
@@ -2063,7 +2438,7 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 		preimage_limit = preimage->nr;
 		if (match_end && (preimage->nr + try_lno != img->nr))
 			return 0;
-	} else if (ws_error_action == correct_ws_error &&
+	} else if (state->ws_error_action == correct_ws_error &&
 		   (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)) {
 		/*
 		 * This hunk extends beyond the end of img, and we are
@@ -2131,71 +2506,36 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	 * fuzzy matching. We collect all the line length information because
 	 * we need it to adjust whitespace if we match.
 	 */
-	if (ws_ignore_action == ignore_ws_change) {
-		size_t imgoff = 0;
-		size_t preoff = 0;
-		size_t postlen = postimage->len;
-		size_t extra_chars;
-		char *preimage_eof;
-		char *preimage_end;
-		for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++) {
-			size_t prelen = preimage->line[i].len;
-			size_t imglen = img->line[try_lno+i].len;
-
-			if (!fuzzy_matchlines(img->buf + try + imgoff, imglen,
-					      preimage->buf + preoff, prelen))
-				return 0;
-			if (preimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)
-				postlen += imglen - prelen;
-			imgoff += imglen;
-			preoff += prelen;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Ok, the preimage matches with whitespace fuzz.
-		 *
-		 * imgoff now holds the true length of the target that
-		 * matches the preimage before the end of the file.
-		 *
-		 * Count the number of characters in the preimage that fall
-		 * beyond the end of the file and make sure that all of them
-		 * are whitespace characters. (This can only happen if
-		 * we are removing blank lines at the end of the file.)
-		 */
-		buf = preimage_eof = preimage->buf + preoff;
-		for ( ; i < preimage->nr; i++)
-			preoff += preimage->line[i].len;
-		preimage_end = preimage->buf + preoff;
-		for ( ; buf < preimage_end; buf++)
-			if (!isspace(*buf))
-				return 0;
+	if (state->ws_ignore_action == ignore_ws_change)
+		return line_by_line_fuzzy_match(img, preimage, postimage,
+						try, try_lno, preimage_limit);
 
-		/*
-		 * Update the preimage and the common postimage context
-		 * lines to use the same whitespace as the target.
-		 * If whitespace is missing in the target (i.e.
-		 * if the preimage extends beyond the end of the file),
-		 * use the whitespace from the preimage.
-		 */
-		extra_chars = preimage_end - preimage_eof;
-		strbuf_init(&fixed, imgoff + extra_chars);
-		strbuf_add(&fixed, img->buf + try, imgoff);
-		strbuf_add(&fixed, preimage_eof, extra_chars);
-		fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
-		update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
-				fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	if (ws_error_action != correct_ws_error)
+	if (state->ws_error_action != correct_ws_error)
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * The hunk does not apply byte-by-byte, but the hash says
-	 * it might with whitespace fuzz. We haven't been asked to
+	 * it might with whitespace fuzz. We weren't asked to
 	 * ignore whitespace, we were asked to correct whitespace
 	 * errors, so let's try matching after whitespace correction.
 	 *
+	 * While checking the preimage against the target, whitespace
+	 * errors in both fixed, we count how large the corresponding
+	 * postimage needs to be.  The postimage prepared by
+	 * apply_one_fragment() has whitespace errors fixed on added
+	 * lines already, but the common lines were propagated as-is,
+	 * which may become longer when their whitespace errors are
+	 * fixed.
+	 */
+
+	/* First count added lines in postimage */
+	postlen = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
+		if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON))
+			postlen += postimage->line[i].len;
+	}
+
+	/*
 	 * The preimage may extend beyond the end of the file,
 	 * but in this loop we will only handle the part of the
 	 * preimage that falls within the file.
@@ -2231,6 +2571,10 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 			 !memcmp(tgtfix.buf, fixed.buf + fixstart,
 					     fixed.len - fixstart));
 
+		/* Add the length if this is common with the postimage */
+		if (preimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)
+			postlen += tgtfix.len;
+
 		strbuf_release(&tgtfix);
 		if (!match)
 			goto unmatch_exit;
@@ -2267,8 +2611,10 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	 * hunk match.  Update the context lines in the postimage.
 	 */
 	fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
+	if (postlen < postimage->len)
+		postlen = 0;
 	update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
-			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, 0);
+			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
 	return 1;
 
  unmatch_exit:
@@ -2276,7 +2622,8 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int find_pos(struct image *img,
+static int find_pos(struct apply_state *state,
+		    struct image *img,
 		    struct image *preimage,
 		    struct image *postimage,
 		    int line,
@@ -2320,7 +2667,7 @@ static int find_pos(struct image *img,
 	try_lno = line;
 
 	for (i = 0; ; i++) {
-		if (match_fragment(img, preimage, postimage,
+		if (match_fragment(state, img, preimage, postimage,
 				   try, try_lno, ws_rule,
 				   match_beginning, match_end))
 			return try_lno;
@@ -2366,7 +2713,13 @@ static void remove_last_line(struct image *img)
 	img->len -= img->line[--img->nr].len;
 }
 
-static void update_image(struct image *img,
+/*
+ * The change from "preimage" and "postimage" has been found to
+ * apply at applied_pos (counts in line numbers) in "img".
+ * Update "img" to remove "preimage" and replace it with "postimage".
+ */
+static void update_image(struct apply_state *state,
+			 struct image *img,
 			 int applied_pos,
 			 struct image *preimage,
 			 struct image *postimage)
@@ -2402,7 +2755,7 @@ static void update_image(struct image *img,
 	insert_count = postimage->len;
 
 	/* Adjust the contents */
-	result = xmalloc(img->len + insert_count - remove_count + 1);
+	result = xmalloc(st_add3(st_sub(img->len, remove_count), insert_count, 1));
 	memcpy(result, img->buf, applied_at);
 	memcpy(result + applied_at, postimage->buf, postimage->len);
 	memcpy(result + applied_at + postimage->len,
@@ -2420,7 +2773,7 @@ static void update_image(struct image *img,
 		 * NOTE: this knows that we never call remove_first_line()
 		 * on anything other than pre/post image.
 		 */
-		img->line = xrealloc(img->line, nr * sizeof(*img->line));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(img->line, nr);
 		img->line_allocated = img->line;
 	}
 	if (preimage_limit != postimage->nr)
@@ -2431,13 +2784,19 @@ static void update_image(struct image *img,
 	memcpy(img->line + applied_pos,
 	       postimage->line,
 	       postimage->nr * sizeof(*img->line));
-	if (!allow_overlap)
+	if (!state->allow_overlap)
 		for (i = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++)
 			img->line[applied_pos + i].flag |= LINE_PATCHED;
 	img->nr = nr;
 }
 
-static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
+/*
+ * Use the patch-hunk text in "frag" to prepare two images (preimage and
+ * postimage) for the hunk.  Find lines that match "preimage" in "img" and
+ * replace the part of "img" with "postimage" text.
+ */
+static int apply_one_fragment(struct apply_state *state,
+			      struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 			      int inaccurate_eof, unsigned ws_rule,
 			      int nth_fragment)
 {
@@ -2482,7 +2841,7 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 		if (len < size && patch[len] == '\\')
 			plen--;
 		first = *patch;
-		if (apply_in_reverse) {
+		if (state->apply_in_reverse) {
 			if (first == '-')
 				first = '+';
 			else if (first == '+')
@@ -2515,17 +2874,17 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 		/* Fall-through for ' ' */
 		case '+':
 			/* --no-add does not add new lines */
-			if (first == '+' && no_add)
+			if (first == '+' && state->no_add)
 				break;
 
 			start = newlines.len;
 			if (first != '+' ||
-			    !whitespace_error ||
-			    ws_error_action != correct_ws_error) {
+			    !state->whitespace_error ||
+			    state->ws_error_action != correct_ws_error) {
 				strbuf_add(&newlines, patch + 1, plen);
 			}
 			else {
-				ws_fix_copy(&newlines, patch + 1, plen, ws_rule, &applied_after_fixing_ws);
+				ws_fix_copy(&newlines, patch + 1, plen, ws_rule, &state->applied_after_fixing_ws);
 			}
 			add_line_info(&postimage, newlines.buf + start, newlines.len - start,
 				      (first == '+' ? 0 : LINE_COMMON));
@@ -2538,9 +2897,10 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 			/* Ignore it, we already handled it */
 			break;
 		default:
-			if (apply_verbosely)
-				error("invalid start of line: '%c'", first);
-			return -1;
+			if (state->apply_verbosely)
+				error(_("invalid start of line: '%c'"), first);
+			applied_pos = -1;
+			goto out;
 		}
 		if (added_blank_line) {
 			if (!new_blank_lines_at_end)
@@ -2578,7 +2938,7 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 	 * without leading context must match at the beginning.
 	 */
 	match_beginning = (!frag->oldpos ||
-			   (frag->oldpos == 1 && !unidiff_zero));
+			   (frag->oldpos == 1 && !state->unidiff_zero));
 
 	/*
 	 * A hunk without trailing lines must match at the end.
@@ -2586,7 +2946,7 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 	 * from the lack of trailing lines if the patch was generated
 	 * with unidiff without any context.
 	 */
-	match_end = !unidiff_zero && !trailing;
+	match_end = !state->unidiff_zero && !trailing;
 
 	pos = frag->newpos ? (frag->newpos - 1) : 0;
 	preimage.buf = oldlines;
@@ -2598,14 +2958,14 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 
 	for (;;) {
 
-		applied_pos = find_pos(img, &preimage, &postimage, pos,
+		applied_pos = find_pos(state, img, &preimage, &postimage, pos,
 				       ws_rule, match_beginning, match_end);
 
 		if (applied_pos >= 0)
 			break;
 
 		/* Am I at my context limits? */
-		if ((leading <= p_context) && (trailing <= p_context))
+		if ((leading <= state->p_context) && (trailing <= state->p_context))
 			break;
 		if (match_beginning || match_end) {
 			match_beginning = match_end = 0;
@@ -2634,10 +2994,10 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 		if (new_blank_lines_at_end &&
 		    preimage.nr + applied_pos >= img->nr &&
 		    (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) &&
-		    ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error) {
-			record_ws_error(WS_BLANK_AT_EOF, "+", 1,
+		    state->ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error) {
+			record_ws_error(state, WS_BLANK_AT_EOF, "+", 1,
 					found_new_blank_lines_at_end);
-			if (ws_error_action == correct_ws_error) {
+			if (state->ws_error_action == correct_ws_error) {
 				while (new_blank_lines_at_end--)
 					remove_last_line(&postimage);
 			}
@@ -2648,17 +3008,19 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 			 * apply_patch->check_patch_list->check_patch->
 			 * apply_data->apply_fragments->apply_one_fragment
 			 */
-			if (ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error)
-				apply = 0;
+			if (state->ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error)
+				state->apply = 0;
 		}
 
-		if (apply_verbosely && applied_pos != pos) {
+		if (state->apply_verbosely && applied_pos != pos) {
 			int offset = applied_pos - pos;
-			if (apply_in_reverse)
+			if (state->apply_in_reverse)
 				offset = 0 - offset;
-			fprintf(stderr,
-				"Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines).\n",
-				nth_fragment, applied_pos + 1, offset);
+			fprintf_ln(stderr,
+				   Q_("Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line).",
+				      "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines).",
+				      offset),
+				   nth_fragment, applied_pos + 1, offset);
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -2667,16 +3029,17 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 		 */
 		if ((leading != frag->leading) ||
 		    (trailing != frag->trailing))
-			fprintf(stderr, "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld)"
-				" to apply fragment at %d\n",
-				leading, trailing, applied_pos+1);
-		update_image(img, applied_pos, &preimage, &postimage);
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Context reduced to (%ld/%ld)"
+					     " to apply fragment at %d"),
+				   leading, trailing, applied_pos+1);
+		update_image(state, img, applied_pos, &preimage, &postimage);
 	} else {
-		if (apply_verbosely)
-			error("while searching for:\n%.*s",
+		if (state->apply_verbosely)
+			error(_("while searching for:\n%.*s"),
 			      (int)(old - oldlines), oldlines);
 	}
 
+out:
 	free(oldlines);
 	strbuf_release(&newlines);
 	free(preimage.line_allocated);
@@ -2685,20 +3048,22 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 	return (applied_pos < 0);
 }
 
-static int apply_binary_fragment(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
+static int apply_binary_fragment(struct apply_state *state,
+				 struct image *img,
+				 struct patch *patch)
 {
 	struct fragment *fragment = patch->fragments;
 	unsigned long len;
 	void *dst;
 
 	if (!fragment)
-		return error("missing binary patch data for '%s'",
+		return error(_("missing binary patch data for '%s'"),
 			     patch->new_name ?
 			     patch->new_name :
 			     patch->old_name);
 
 	/* Binary patch is irreversible without the optional second hunk */
-	if (apply_in_reverse) {
+	if (state->apply_in_reverse) {
 		if (!fragment->next)
 			return error("cannot reverse-apply a binary patch "
 				     "without the reverse hunk to '%s'",
@@ -2719,15 +3084,21 @@ static int apply_binary_fragment(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 	case BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED:
 		clear_image(img);
 		img->len = fragment->size;
-		img->buf = xmalloc(img->len+1);
-		memcpy(img->buf, fragment->patch, img->len);
-		img->buf[img->len] = '\0';
+		img->buf = xmemdupz(fragment->patch, img->len);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int apply_binary(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
+/*
+ * Replace "img" with the result of applying the binary patch.
+ * The binary patch data itself in patch->fragment is still kept
+ * but the preimage prepared by the caller in "img" is freed here
+ * or in the helper function apply_binary_fragment() this calls.
+ */
+static int apply_binary(struct apply_state *state,
+			struct image *img,
+			struct patch *patch)
 {
 	const char *name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -2788,21 +3159,21 @@ static int apply_binary(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 		 * apply the patch data to it, which is stored
 		 * in the patch->fragments->{patch,size}.
 		 */
-		if (apply_binary_fragment(img, patch))
-			return error("binary patch does not apply to '%s'",
+		if (apply_binary_fragment(state, img, patch))
+			return error(_("binary patch does not apply to '%s'"),
 				     name);
 
 		/* verify that the result matches */
 		hash_sha1_file(img->buf, img->len, blob_type, sha1);
 		if (strcmp(sha1_to_hex(sha1), patch->new_sha1_prefix))
-			return error("binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)",
+			return error(_("binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"),
 				name, patch->new_sha1_prefix, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int apply_fragments(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
+static int apply_fragments(struct apply_state *state, struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	struct fragment *frag = patch->fragments;
 	const char *name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
@@ -2811,13 +3182,13 @@ static int apply_fragments(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 	int nth = 0;
 
 	if (patch->is_binary)
-		return apply_binary(img, patch);
+		return apply_binary(state, img, patch);
 
 	while (frag) {
 		nth++;
-		if (apply_one_fragment(img, frag, inaccurate_eof, ws_rule, nth)) {
-			error("patch failed: %s:%ld", name, frag->oldpos);
-			if (!apply_with_reject)
+		if (apply_one_fragment(state, img, frag, inaccurate_eof, ws_rule, nth)) {
+			error(_("patch failed: %s:%ld"), name, frag->oldpos);
+			if (!state->apply_with_reject)
 				return -1;
 			frag->rejected = 1;
 		}
@@ -2826,20 +3197,17 @@ static int apply_fragments(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+static int read_blob_object(struct strbuf *buf, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned mode)
 {
-	if (!ce)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 		strbuf_grow(buf, 100);
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	} else {
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long sz;
 		char *result;
 
-		result = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &sz);
+		result = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &sz);
 		if (!result)
 			return -1;
 		/* XXX read_sha1_file NUL-terminates */
@@ -2848,14 +3216,21 @@ static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct patch *in_fn_table(const char *name)
+static int read_file_or_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (!ce)
+		return 0;
+	return read_blob_object(buf, ce->sha1, ce->ce_mode);
+}
+
+static struct patch *in_fn_table(struct apply_state *state, const char *name)
 {
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 
 	if (name == NULL)
 		return NULL;
 
-	item = string_list_lookup(&fn_table, name);
+	item = string_list_lookup(&state->fn_table, name);
 	if (item != NULL)
 		return (struct patch *)item->util;
 
@@ -2866,9 +3241,15 @@ static struct patch *in_fn_table(const char *name)
  * item->util in the filename table records the status of the path.
  * Usually it points at a patch (whose result records the contents
  * of it after applying it), but it could be PATH_WAS_DELETED for a
- * path that a previously applied patch has already removed.
+ * path that a previously applied patch has already removed, or
+ * PATH_TO_BE_DELETED for a path that a later patch would remove.
+ *
+ * The latter is needed to deal with a case where two paths A and B
+ * are swapped by first renaming A to B and then renaming B to A;
+ * moving A to B should not be prevented due to presence of B as we
+ * will remove it in a later patch.
  */
- #define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
+#define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
 #define PATH_WAS_DELETED ((struct patch *) -1)
 
 static int to_be_deleted(struct patch *patch)
@@ -2881,7 +3262,7 @@ static int was_deleted(struct patch *patch)
 	return patch == PATH_WAS_DELETED;
 }
 
-static void add_to_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
+static void add_to_fn_table(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 
@@ -2891,7 +3272,7 @@ static void add_to_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
 	 * file creations and copies
 	 */
 	if (patch->new_name != NULL) {
-		item = string_list_insert(&fn_table, patch->new_name);
+		item = string_list_insert(&state->fn_table, patch->new_name);
 		item->util = patch;
 	}
 
@@ -2900,12 +3281,12 @@ static void add_to_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
 	 * later chunks shouldn't patch old names
 	 */
 	if ((patch->new_name == NULL) || (patch->is_rename)) {
-		item = string_list_insert(&fn_table, patch->old_name);
+		item = string_list_insert(&state->fn_table, patch->old_name);
 		item->util = PATH_WAS_DELETED;
 	}
 }
 
-static void prepare_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
+static void prepare_fn_table(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	/*
 	 * store information about incoming file deletion
@@ -2913,159 +3294,371 @@ static void prepare_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
 	while (patch) {
 		if ((patch->new_name == NULL) || (patch->is_rename)) {
 			struct string_list_item *item;
-			item = string_list_insert(&fn_table, patch->old_name);
+			item = string_list_insert(&state->fn_table, patch->old_name);
 			item->util = PATH_TO_BE_DELETED;
 		}
 		patch = patch->next;
 	}
 }
 
-static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int checkout_target(struct index_state *istate,
+			   struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	struct checkout costate;
+
+	memset(&costate, 0, sizeof(costate));
+	costate.base_dir = "";
+	costate.refresh_cache = 1;
+	costate.istate = istate;
+	if (checkout_entry(ce, &costate, NULL) || lstat(ce->name, st))
+		return error(_("cannot checkout %s"), ce->name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct patch *previous_patch(struct apply_state *state,
+				    struct patch *patch,
+				    int *gone)
+{
+	struct patch *previous;
+
+	*gone = 0;
+	if (patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename)
+		return NULL; /* "git" patches do not depend on the order */
+
+	previous = in_fn_table(state, patch->old_name);
+	if (!previous)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (to_be_deleted(previous))
+		return NULL; /* the deletion hasn't happened yet */
+
+	if (was_deleted(previous))
+		*gone = 1;
+
+	return previous;
+}
+
+static int verify_index_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+		if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return ce_match_stat(ce, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+}
+
+#define SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX 1
+
+static int load_patch_target(struct apply_state *state,
+			     struct strbuf *buf,
+			     const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     struct stat *st,
+			     const char *name,
+			     unsigned expected_mode)
+{
+	if (state->cached || state->check_index) {
+		if (read_file_or_gitlink(ce, buf))
+			return error(_("read of %s failed"), name);
+	} else if (name) {
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(expected_mode)) {
+			if (ce)
+				return read_file_or_gitlink(ce, buf);
+			else
+				return SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX;
+		} else if (has_symlink_leading_path(name, strlen(name))) {
+			return error(_("reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"), name);
+		} else {
+			if (read_old_data(st, name, buf))
+				return error(_("read of %s failed"), name);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are about to apply "patch"; populate the "image" with the
+ * current version we have, from the working tree or from the index,
+ * depending on the situation e.g. --cached/--index.  If we are
+ * applying a non-git patch that incrementally updates the tree,
+ * we read from the result of a previous diff.
+ */
+static int load_preimage(struct apply_state *state,
+			 struct image *image,
+			 struct patch *patch, struct stat *st,
+			 const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct image image;
 	size_t len;
 	char *img;
-	struct patch *tpatch;
+	struct patch *previous;
+	int status;
 
-	if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
-	    (tpatch = in_fn_table(patch->old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
-		if (was_deleted(tpatch)) {
-			return error("patch %s has been renamed/deleted",
-				patch->old_name);
-		}
-		/* We have a patched copy in memory use that */
-		strbuf_add(&buf, tpatch->result, tpatch->resultsize);
-	} else if (cached) {
-		if (read_file_or_gitlink(ce, &buf))
-			return error("read of %s failed", patch->old_name);
-	} else if (patch->old_name) {
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
-			if (ce) {
-				read_file_or_gitlink(ce, &buf);
-			} else {
-				/*
-				 * There is no way to apply subproject
-				 * patch without looking at the index.
-				 */
-				patch->fragments = NULL;
-			}
-		} else {
-			if (read_old_data(st, patch->old_name, &buf))
-				return error("read of %s failed", patch->old_name);
+	previous = previous_patch(state, patch, &status);
+	if (status)
+		return error(_("path %s has been renamed/deleted"),
+			     patch->old_name);
+	if (previous) {
+		/* We have a patched copy in memory; use that. */
+		strbuf_add(&buf, previous->result, previous->resultsize);
+	} else {
+		status = load_patch_target(state, &buf, ce, st,
+					   patch->old_name, patch->old_mode);
+		if (status < 0)
+			return status;
+		else if (status == SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX) {
+			/*
+			 * There is no way to apply subproject
+			 * patch without looking at the index.
+			 * NEEDSWORK: shouldn't this be flagged
+			 * as an error???
+			 */
+			free_fragment_list(patch->fragments);
+			patch->fragments = NULL;
+		} else if (status) {
+			return error(_("read of %s failed"), patch->old_name);
 		}
 	}
 
 	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
-	prepare_image(&image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
+	prepare_image(image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	if (apply_fragments(&image, patch) < 0)
-		return -1; /* note with --reject this succeeds. */
-	patch->result = image.buf;
-	patch->resultsize = image.len;
-	add_to_fn_table(patch);
-	free(image.line_allocated);
+static int three_way_merge(struct image *image,
+			   char *path,
+			   const unsigned char *base,
+			   const unsigned char *ours,
+			   const unsigned char *theirs)
+{
+	mmfile_t base_file, our_file, their_file;
+	mmbuffer_t result = { NULL };
+	int status;
 
-	if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
-		return error("removal patch leaves file contents");
+	read_mmblob(&base_file, base);
+	read_mmblob(&our_file, ours);
+	read_mmblob(&their_file, theirs);
+	status = ll_merge(&result, path,
+			  &base_file, "base",
+			  &our_file, "ours",
+			  &their_file, "theirs", NULL);
+	free(base_file.ptr);
+	free(our_file.ptr);
+	free(their_file.ptr);
+	if (status < 0 || !result.ptr) {
+		free(result.ptr);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	clear_image(image);
+	image->buf = result.ptr;
+	image->len = result.size;
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * When directly falling back to add/add three-way merge, we read from
+ * the current contents of the new_name.  In no cases other than that
+ * this function will be called.
+ */
+static int load_current(struct apply_state *state,
+			struct image *image,
+			struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status, pos;
+	size_t len;
+	char *img;
+	struct stat st;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	char *name = patch->new_name;
+	unsigned mode = patch->new_mode;
 
+	if (!patch->is_new)
+		die("BUG: patch to %s is not a creation", patch->old_name);
+
+	pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return error(_("%s: does not exist in index"), name);
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+	if (lstat(name, &st)) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			return error(_("%s: %s"), name, strerror(errno));
+		if (checkout_target(&the_index, ce, &st))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (verify_index_match(ce, &st))
+		return error(_("%s: does not match index"), name);
+
+	status = load_patch_target(state, &buf, ce, &st, name, mode);
+	if (status < 0)
+		return status;
+	else if (status)
+		return -1;
+	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+	prepare_image(image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int check_to_create_blob(const char *new_name, int ok_if_exists)
+static int try_threeway(struct apply_state *state,
+			struct image *image,
+			struct patch *patch,
+			struct stat *st,
+			const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	struct stat nst;
-	if (!lstat(new_name, &nst)) {
-		if (S_ISDIR(nst.st_mode) || ok_if_exists)
-			return 0;
-		/*
-		 * A leading component of new_name might be a symlink
-		 * that is going to be removed with this patch, but
-		 * still pointing at somewhere that has the path.
-		 * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
-		 * far as git is concerned.
-		 */
-		if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
-			return 0;
+	unsigned char pre_sha1[20], post_sha1[20], our_sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t len;
+	int status;
+	char *img;
+	struct image tmp_image;
 
-		return error("%s: already exists in working directory", new_name);
+	/* No point falling back to 3-way merge in these cases */
+	if (patch->is_delete ||
+	    S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(patch->new_mode))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Preimage the patch was prepared for */
+	if (patch->is_new)
+		write_sha1_file("", 0, blob_type, pre_sha1);
+	else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, pre_sha1) ||
+		 read_blob_object(&buf, pre_sha1, patch->old_mode))
+		return error("repository lacks the necessary blob to fall back on 3-way merge.");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Falling back to three-way merge...\n");
+
+	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+	prepare_image(&tmp_image, img, len, 1);
+	/* Apply the patch to get the post image */
+	if (apply_fragments(state, &tmp_image, patch) < 0) {
+		clear_image(&tmp_image);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* post_sha1[] is theirs */
+	write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, post_sha1);
+	clear_image(&tmp_image);
+
+	/* our_sha1[] is ours */
+	if (patch->is_new) {
+		if (load_current(state, &tmp_image, patch))
+			return error("cannot read the current contents of '%s'",
+				     patch->new_name);
+	} else {
+		if (load_preimage(state, &tmp_image, patch, st, ce))
+			return error("cannot read the current contents of '%s'",
+				     patch->old_name);
+	}
+	write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, our_sha1);
+	clear_image(&tmp_image);
+
+	/* in-core three-way merge between post and our using pre as base */
+	status = three_way_merge(image, patch->new_name,
+				 pre_sha1, our_sha1, post_sha1);
+	if (status < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fall back on three-way merge...\n");
+		return status;
+	}
+
+	if (status) {
+		patch->conflicted_threeway = 1;
+		if (patch->is_new)
+			oidclr(&patch->threeway_stage[0]);
+		else
+			hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[0].hash, pre_sha1);
+		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[1].hash, our_sha1);
+		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[2].hash, post_sha1);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Applied patch to '%s' with conflicts.\n", patch->new_name);
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Applied patch to '%s' cleanly.\n", patch->new_name);
 	}
-	else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTDIR))
-		return error("%s: %s", new_name, strerror(errno));
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_index_match(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int apply_data(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch,
+		      struct stat *st, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
-		if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
+	struct image image;
+
+	if (load_preimage(state, &image, patch, st, ce) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (patch->direct_to_threeway ||
+	    apply_fragments(state, &image, patch) < 0) {
+		/* Note: with --reject, apply_fragments() returns 0 */
+		if (!state->threeway || try_threeway(state, &image, patch, st, ce) < 0)
 			return -1;
-		return 0;
 	}
-	return ce_match_stat(ce, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+	patch->result = image.buf;
+	patch->resultsize = image.len;
+	add_to_fn_table(state, patch);
+	free(image.line_allocated);
+
+	if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
+		return error(_("removal patch leaves file contents"));
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct stat *st)
+/*
+ * If "patch" that we are looking at modifies or deletes what we have,
+ * we would want it not to lose any local modification we have, either
+ * in the working tree or in the index.
+ *
+ * This also decides if a non-git patch is a creation patch or a
+ * modification to an existing empty file.  We do not check the state
+ * of the current tree for a creation patch in this function; the caller
+ * check_patch() separately makes sure (and errors out otherwise) that
+ * the path the patch creates does not exist in the current tree.
+ */
+static int check_preimage(struct apply_state *state,
+			  struct patch *patch,
+			  struct cache_entry **ce,
+			  struct stat *st)
 {
 	const char *old_name = patch->old_name;
-	struct patch *tpatch = NULL;
-	int stat_ret = 0;
+	struct patch *previous = NULL;
+	int stat_ret = 0, status;
 	unsigned st_mode = 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * Make sure that we do not have local modifications from the
-	 * index when we are looking at the index.  Also make sure
-	 * we have the preimage file to be patched in the work tree,
-	 * unless --cached, which tells git to apply only in the index.
-	 */
 	if (!old_name)
 		return 0;
 
 	assert(patch->is_new <= 0);
+	previous = previous_patch(state, patch, &status);
 
-	if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
-	    (tpatch = in_fn_table(old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
-		if (was_deleted(tpatch))
-			return error("%s: has been deleted/renamed", old_name);
-		st_mode = tpatch->new_mode;
-	} else if (!cached) {
+	if (status)
+		return error(_("path %s has been renamed/deleted"), old_name);
+	if (previous) {
+		st_mode = previous->new_mode;
+	} else if (!state->cached) {
 		stat_ret = lstat(old_name, st);
 		if (stat_ret && errno != ENOENT)
-			return error("%s: %s", old_name, strerror(errno));
+			return error(_("%s: %s"), old_name, strerror(errno));
 	}
 
-	if (to_be_deleted(tpatch))
-		tpatch = NULL;
-
-	if (check_index && !tpatch) {
+	if (state->check_index && !previous) {
 		int pos = cache_name_pos(old_name, strlen(old_name));
 		if (pos < 0) {
 			if (patch->is_new < 0)
 				goto is_new;
-			return error("%s: does not exist in index", old_name);
+			return error(_("%s: does not exist in index"), old_name);
 		}
 		*ce = active_cache[pos];
 		if (stat_ret < 0) {
-			struct checkout costate;
-			/* checkout */
-			memset(&costate, 0, sizeof(costate));
-			costate.base_dir = "";
-			costate.refresh_cache = 1;
-			if (checkout_entry(*ce, &costate, NULL) ||
-			    lstat(old_name, st))
+			if (checkout_target(&the_index, *ce, st))
 				return -1;
 		}
-		if (!cached && verify_index_match(*ce, st))
-			return error("%s: does not match index", old_name);
-		if (cached)
+		if (!state->cached && verify_index_match(*ce, st))
+			return error(_("%s: does not match index"), old_name);
+		if (state->cached)
 			st_mode = (*ce)->ce_mode;
 	} else if (stat_ret < 0) {
 		if (patch->is_new < 0)
 			goto is_new;
-		return error("%s: %s", old_name, strerror(errno));
+		return error(_("%s: %s"), old_name, strerror(errno));
 	}
 
-	if (!cached && !tpatch)
+	if (!state->cached && !previous)
 		st_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(*ce, st->st_mode);
 
 	if (patch->is_new < 0)
@@ -3073,9 +3666,9 @@ static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct s
 	if (!patch->old_mode)
 		patch->old_mode = st_mode;
 	if ((st_mode ^ patch->old_mode) & S_IFMT)
-		return error("%s: wrong type", old_name);
+		return error(_("%s: wrong type"), old_name);
 	if (st_mode != patch->old_mode)
-		warning("%s has type %o, expected %o",
+		warning(_("%s has type %o, expected %o"),
 			old_name, st_mode, patch->old_mode);
 	if (!patch->new_mode && !patch->is_delete)
 		patch->new_mode = st_mode;
@@ -3084,11 +3677,158 @@ static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct s
  is_new:
 	patch->is_new = 1;
 	patch->is_delete = 0;
+	free(patch->old_name);
 	patch->old_name = NULL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
+
+#define EXISTS_IN_INDEX 1
+#define EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE 2
+
+static int check_to_create(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *new_name,
+			   int ok_if_exists)
+{
+	struct stat nst;
+
+	if (state->check_index &&
+	    cache_name_pos(new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
+	    !ok_if_exists)
+		return EXISTS_IN_INDEX;
+	if (state->cached)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!lstat(new_name, &nst)) {
+		if (S_ISDIR(nst.st_mode) || ok_if_exists)
+			return 0;
+		/*
+		 * A leading component of new_name might be a symlink
+		 * that is going to be removed with this patch, but
+		 * still pointing at somewhere that has the path.
+		 * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
+		 * far as git is concerned.
+		 */
+		if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
+			return 0;
+
+		return EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE;
+	} else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTDIR)) {
+		return error("%s: %s", new_name, strerror(errno));
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static uintptr_t register_symlink_changes(struct apply_state *state,
+					  const char *path,
+					  uintptr_t what)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *ent;
+
+	ent = string_list_lookup(&state->symlink_changes, path);
+	if (!ent) {
+		ent = string_list_insert(&state->symlink_changes, path);
+		ent->util = (void *)0;
+	}
+	ent->util = (void *)(what | ((uintptr_t)ent->util));
+	return (uintptr_t)ent->util;
+}
+
+static uintptr_t check_symlink_changes(struct apply_state *state, const char *path)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *ent;
+
+	ent = string_list_lookup(&state->symlink_changes, path);
+	if (!ent)
+		return 0;
+	return (uintptr_t)ent->util;
+}
+
+static void prepare_symlink_changes(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	for ( ; patch; patch = patch->next) {
+		if ((patch->old_name && S_ISLNK(patch->old_mode)) &&
+		    (patch->is_rename || patch->is_delete))
+			/* the symlink at patch->old_name is removed */
+			register_symlink_changes(state, patch->old_name, SYMLINK_GOES_AWAY);
+
+		if (patch->new_name && S_ISLNK(patch->new_mode))
+			/* the symlink at patch->new_name is created or remains */
+			register_symlink_changes(state, patch->new_name, SYMLINK_IN_RESULT);
+	}
+}
+
+static int path_is_beyond_symlink_1(struct apply_state *state, struct strbuf *name)
+{
+	do {
+		unsigned int change;
+
+		while (--name->len && name->buf[name->len] != '/')
+			; /* scan backwards */
+		if (!name->len)
+			break;
+		name->buf[name->len] = '\0';
+		change = check_symlink_changes(state, name->buf);
+		if (change & SYMLINK_IN_RESULT)
+			return 1;
+		if (change & SYMLINK_GOES_AWAY)
+			/*
+			 * This cannot be "return 0", because we may
+			 * see a new one created at a higher level.
+			 */
+			continue;
+
+		/* otherwise, check the preimage */
+		if (state->check_index) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+			ce = cache_file_exists(name->buf, name->len, ignore_case);
+			if (ce && S_ISLNK(ce->ce_mode))
+				return 1;
+		} else {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (!lstat(name->buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
+				return 1;
+		}
+	} while (1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int path_is_beyond_symlink(struct apply_state *state, const char *name_)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	assert(*name_ != '\0');
+	strbuf_addstr(&name, name_);
+	ret = path_is_beyond_symlink_1(state, &name);
+	strbuf_release(&name);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void die_on_unsafe_path(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	const char *old_name = NULL;
+	const char *new_name = NULL;
+	if (patch->is_delete)
+		old_name = patch->old_name;
+	else if (!patch->is_new && !patch->is_copy)
+		old_name = patch->old_name;
+	if (!patch->is_delete)
+		new_name = patch->new_name;
+
+	if (old_name && !verify_path(old_name))
+		die(_("invalid path '%s'"), old_name);
+	if (new_name && !verify_path(new_name))
+		die(_("invalid path '%s'"), new_name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check and apply the patch in-core; leave the result in patch->result
+ * for the caller to write it out to the final destination.
+ */
+static int check_patch(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	const char *old_name = patch->old_name;
@@ -3101,36 +3841,50 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
 
 	patch->rejected = 1; /* we will drop this after we succeed */
 
-	status = check_preimage(patch, &ce, &st);
+	status = check_preimage(state, patch, &ce, &st);
 	if (status)
 		return status;
 	old_name = patch->old_name;
 
-	if ((tpatch = in_fn_table(new_name)) &&
-			(was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
-		/*
-		 * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to
-		 * delete old, immediately followed by a patch to
-		 * create new (see diff.c::run_diff()); in such a case
-		 * it is Ok that the entry to be deleted by the
-		 * previous patch is still in the working tree and in
-		 * the index.
-		 */
+	/*
+	 * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to delete
+	 * old, immediately followed by a patch to create new (see
+	 * diff.c::run_diff()); in such a case it is Ok that the entry
+	 * to be deleted by the previous patch is still in the working
+	 * tree and in the index.
+	 *
+	 * A patch to swap-rename between A and B would first rename A
+	 * to B and then rename B to A.  While applying the first one,
+	 * the presence of B should not stop A from getting renamed to
+	 * B; ask to_be_deleted() about the later rename.  Removal of
+	 * B and rename from A to B is handled the same way by asking
+	 * was_deleted().
+	 */
+	if ((tpatch = in_fn_table(state, new_name)) &&
+	    (was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
 		ok_if_exists = 1;
 	else
 		ok_if_exists = 0;
 
 	if (new_name &&
-	    ((0 < patch->is_new) | (0 < patch->is_rename) | patch->is_copy)) {
-		if (check_index &&
-		    cache_name_pos(new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
-		    !ok_if_exists)
-			return error("%s: already exists in index", new_name);
-		if (!cached) {
-			int err = check_to_create_blob(new_name, ok_if_exists);
-			if (err)
-				return err;
+	    ((0 < patch->is_new) || patch->is_rename || patch->is_copy)) {
+		int err = check_to_create(state, new_name, ok_if_exists);
+
+		if (err && state->threeway) {
+			patch->direct_to_threeway = 1;
+		} else switch (err) {
+		case 0:
+			break; /* happy */
+		case EXISTS_IN_INDEX:
+			return error(_("%s: already exists in index"), new_name);
+			break;
+		case EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE:
+			return error(_("%s: already exists in working directory"),
+				     new_name);
+		default:
+			return err;
 		}
+
 		if (!patch->new_mode) {
 			if (0 < patch->is_new)
 				patch->new_mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
@@ -3143,28 +3897,53 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
 		int same = !strcmp(old_name, new_name);
 		if (!patch->new_mode)
 			patch->new_mode = patch->old_mode;
-		if ((patch->old_mode ^ patch->new_mode) & S_IFMT)
-			return error("new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)%s%s",
-				patch->new_mode, new_name, patch->old_mode,
-				same ? "" : " of ", same ? "" : old_name);
+		if ((patch->old_mode ^ patch->new_mode) & S_IFMT) {
+			if (same)
+				return error(_("new mode (%o) of %s does not "
+					       "match old mode (%o)"),
+					patch->new_mode, new_name,
+					patch->old_mode);
+			else
+				return error(_("new mode (%o) of %s does not "
+					       "match old mode (%o) of %s"),
+					patch->new_mode, new_name,
+					patch->old_mode, old_name);
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (apply_data(patch, &st, ce) < 0)
-		return error("%s: patch does not apply", name);
+	if (!state->unsafe_paths)
+		die_on_unsafe_path(patch);
+
+	/*
+	 * An attempt to read from or delete a path that is beyond a
+	 * symbolic link will be prevented by load_patch_target() that
+	 * is called at the beginning of apply_data() so we do not
+	 * have to worry about a patch marked with "is_delete" bit
+	 * here.  We however need to make sure that the patch result
+	 * is not deposited to a path that is beyond a symbolic link
+	 * here.
+	 */
+	if (!patch->is_delete && path_is_beyond_symlink(state, patch->new_name))
+		return error(_("affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"),
+			     patch->new_name);
+
+	if (apply_data(state, patch, &st, ce) < 0)
+		return error(_("%s: patch does not apply"), name);
 	patch->rejected = 0;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int check_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
+static int check_patch_list(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	int err = 0;
 
-	prepare_fn_table(patch);
+	prepare_symlink_changes(state, patch);
+	prepare_fn_table(state, patch);
 	while (patch) {
-		if (apply_verbosely)
+		if (state->apply_verbosely)
 			say_patch_name(stderr,
-				       "Checking patch ", patch, "...\n");
-		err |= check_patch(patch);
+				       _("Checking patch %s..."), patch);
+		err |= check_patch(state, patch);
 		patch = patch->next;
 	}
 	return err;
@@ -3184,18 +3963,51 @@ static int get_current_sha1(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(struct patch *p, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	/*
+	 * A usable gitlink patch has only one fragment (hunk) that looks like:
+	 * @@ -1 +1 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * +Subproject commit <new sha1>
+	 * or
+	 * @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * for a removal patch.
+	 */
+	struct fragment *hunk = p->fragments;
+	static const char heading[] = "-Subproject commit ";
+	char *preimage;
+
+	if (/* does the patch have only one hunk? */
+	    hunk && !hunk->next &&
+	    /* is its preimage one line? */
+	    hunk->oldpos == 1 && hunk->oldlines == 1 &&
+	    /* does preimage begin with the heading? */
+	    (preimage = memchr(hunk->patch, '\n', hunk->size)) != NULL &&
+	    starts_with(++preimage, heading) &&
+	    /* does it record full SHA-1? */
+	    !get_sha1_hex(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, sha1) &&
+	    preimage[sizeof(heading) + 40 - 1] == '\n' &&
+	    /* does the abbreviated name on the index line agree with it? */
+	    starts_with(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, p->old_sha1_prefix))
+		return 0; /* it all looks fine */
+
+	/* we may have full object name on the index line */
+	return get_sha1_hex(p->old_sha1_prefix, sha1);
+}
+
 /* Build an index that contains the just the files needed for a 3way merge */
 static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 {
 	struct patch *patch;
 	struct index_state result = { NULL };
-	int fd;
+	static struct lock_file lock;
 
 	/* Once we start supporting the reverse patch, it may be
 	 * worth showing the new sha1 prefix, but until then...
 	 */
 	for (patch = list; patch; patch = patch->next) {
-		const unsigned char *sha1_ptr;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		const char *name;
@@ -3203,34 +4015,39 @@ static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 		name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
 		if (0 < patch->is_new)
 			continue;
-		else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1))
-			/* git diff has no index line for mode/type changes */
-			if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
-				if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
-					die("mode change for %s, which is not "
-						"in current HEAD", name);
-				sha1_ptr = sha1;
-			} else
-				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
-					"(%s).", name);
-		else
-			sha1_ptr = sha1;
 
-		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1_ptr, name, 0, 0);
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
+			if (!preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(patch, sha1))
+				; /* ok, the textual part looks sane */
+			else
+				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless for submodule %s",
+				    name);
+		} else if (!get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1)) {
+			; /* ok */
+		} else if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
+			/* mode-only change: update the current */
+			if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
+				die("mode change for %s, which is not "
+				    "in current HEAD", name);
+		} else
+			die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
+			    "(%s).", name);
+
+		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1, name, 0, 0);
 		if (!ce)
-			die("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'", name);
+			die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"), name);
 		if (add_index_entry(&result, ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD))
 			die ("Could not add %s to temporary index", name);
 	}
 
-	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
-	if (fd < 0 || write_index(&result, fd) || close(fd))
+	hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, filename, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (write_locked_index(&result, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die ("Could not write temporary index to %s", filename);
 
 	discard_index(&result);
 }
 
-static void stat_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
+static void stat_patch_list(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	int files, adds, dels;
 
@@ -3238,13 +4055,14 @@ static void stat_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
 		files++;
 		adds += patch->lines_added;
 		dels += patch->lines_deleted;
-		show_stats(patch);
+		show_stats(state, patch);
 	}
 
-	printf(" %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)\n", files, adds, dels);
+	print_stat_summary(stdout, files, adds, dels);
 }
 
-static void numstat_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
+static void numstat_patch_list(struct apply_state *state,
+			       struct patch *patch)
 {
 	for ( ; patch; patch = patch->next) {
 		const char *name;
@@ -3253,7 +4071,7 @@ static void numstat_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
 			printf("-\t-\t");
 		else
 			printf("%d\t%d\t", patch->lines_added, patch->lines_deleted);
-		write_name_quoted(name, stdout, line_termination);
+		write_name_quoted(name, stdout, state->line_termination);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -3335,72 +4153,78 @@ static void summary_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
 	}
 }
 
-static void patch_stats(struct patch *patch)
+static void patch_stats(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	int lines = patch->lines_added + patch->lines_deleted;
 
-	if (lines > max_change)
-		max_change = lines;
+	if (lines > state->max_change)
+		state->max_change = lines;
 	if (patch->old_name) {
 		int len = quote_c_style(patch->old_name, NULL, NULL, 0);
 		if (!len)
 			len = strlen(patch->old_name);
-		if (len > max_len)
-			max_len = len;
+		if (len > state->max_len)
+			state->max_len = len;
 	}
 	if (patch->new_name) {
 		int len = quote_c_style(patch->new_name, NULL, NULL, 0);
 		if (!len)
 			len = strlen(patch->new_name);
-		if (len > max_len)
-			max_len = len;
+		if (len > state->max_len)
+			state->max_len = len;
 	}
 }
 
-static void remove_file(struct patch *patch, int rmdir_empty)
+static void remove_file(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch, int rmdir_empty)
 {
-	if (update_index) {
+	if (state->update_index) {
 		if (remove_file_from_cache(patch->old_name) < 0)
-			die("unable to remove %s from index", patch->old_name);
+			die(_("unable to remove %s from index"), patch->old_name);
 	}
-	if (!cached) {
+	if (!state->cached) {
 		if (!remove_or_warn(patch->old_mode, patch->old_name) && rmdir_empty) {
 			remove_path(patch->old_name);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-static void add_index_file(const char *path, unsigned mode, void *buf, unsigned long size)
+static void add_index_file(struct apply_state *state,
+			   const char *path,
+			   unsigned mode,
+			   void *buf,
+			   unsigned long size)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int namelen = strlen(path);
 	unsigned ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
 
-	if (!update_index)
+	if (!state->update_index)
 		return;
 
 	ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-		const char *s = buf;
+		const char *s;
 
-		if (get_sha1_hex(s + strlen("Subproject commit "), ce->sha1))
-			die("corrupt patch for subproject %s", path);
+		if (!skip_prefix(buf, "Subproject commit ", &s) ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(s, ce->sha1))
+			die(_("corrupt patch for submodule %s"), path);
 	} else {
-		if (!cached) {
+		if (!state->cached) {
 			if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
-				die_errno("unable to stat newly created file '%s'",
+				die_errno(_("unable to stat newly created file '%s'"),
 					  path);
 			fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
 		}
 		if (write_sha1_file(buf, size, blob_type, ce->sha1) < 0)
-			die("unable to create backing store for newly created file %s", path);
+			die(_("unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"), path);
 	}
 	if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0)
-		die("unable to add cache entry for %s", path);
+		die(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"), path);
 }
 
 static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
@@ -3433,7 +4257,7 @@ static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf,
 	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
 
 	if (close(fd) < 0)
-		die_errno("closing file '%s'", path);
+		die_errno(_("closing file '%s'"), path);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3442,9 +4266,13 @@ static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf,
  * which is true 99% of the time anyway. If they don't,
  * we create them and try again.
  */
-static void create_one_file(char *path, unsigned mode, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+static void create_one_file(struct apply_state *state,
+			    char *path,
+			    unsigned mode,
+			    const char *buf,
+			    unsigned long size)
 {
-	if (cached)
+	if (state->cached)
 		return;
 	if (!try_create_file(path, mode, buf, size))
 		return;
@@ -3482,10 +4310,38 @@ static void create_one_file(char *path, unsigned mode, const char *buf, unsigned
 			++nr;
 		}
 	}
-	die_errno("unable to write file '%s' mode %o", path, mode);
+	die_errno(_("unable to write file '%s' mode %o"), path, mode);
+}
+
+static void add_conflicted_stages_file(struct apply_state *state,
+				       struct patch *patch)
+{
+	int stage, namelen;
+	unsigned ce_size, mode;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (!state->update_index)
+		return;
+	namelen = strlen(patch->new_name);
+	ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
+	mode = patch->new_mode ? patch->new_mode : (S_IFREG | 0644);
+
+	remove_file_from_cache(patch->new_name);
+	for (stage = 1; stage < 4; stage++) {
+		if (is_null_oid(&patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]))
+			continue;
+		ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
+		memcpy(ce->name, patch->new_name, namelen);
+		ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+		ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+		ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
+		hashcpy(ce->sha1, patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1].hash);
+		if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"), patch->new_name);
+	}
 }
 
-static void create_file(struct patch *patch)
+static void create_file(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	char *path = patch->new_name;
 	unsigned mode = patch->new_mode;
@@ -3494,21 +4350,27 @@ static void create_file(struct patch *patch)
 
 	if (!mode)
 		mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
-	create_one_file(path, mode, buf, size);
-	add_index_file(path, mode, buf, size);
+	create_one_file(state, path, mode, buf, size);
+
+	if (patch->conflicted_threeway)
+		add_conflicted_stages_file(state, patch);
+	else
+		add_index_file(state, path, mode, buf, size);
 }
 
 /* phase zero is to remove, phase one is to create */
-static void write_out_one_result(struct patch *patch, int phase)
+static void write_out_one_result(struct apply_state *state,
+				 struct patch *patch,
+				 int phase)
 {
 	if (patch->is_delete > 0) {
 		if (phase == 0)
-			remove_file(patch, 1);
+			remove_file(state, patch, 1);
 		return;
 	}
 	if (patch->is_new > 0 || patch->is_copy) {
 		if (phase == 1)
-			create_file(patch);
+			create_file(state, patch);
 		return;
 	}
 	/*
@@ -3516,17 +4378,18 @@ static void write_out_one_result(struct patch *patch, int phase)
 	 * thing: remove the old, write the new
 	 */
 	if (phase == 0)
-		remove_file(patch, patch->is_rename);
+		remove_file(state, patch, patch->is_rename);
 	if (phase == 1)
-		create_file(patch);
+		create_file(state, patch);
 }
 
-static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
+static int write_out_one_reject(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	FILE *rej;
 	char namebuf[PATH_MAX];
 	struct fragment *frag;
 	int cnt = 0;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	for (cnt = 0, frag = patch->fragments; frag; frag = frag->next) {
 		if (!frag->rejected)
@@ -3535,9 +4398,9 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 	}
 
 	if (!cnt) {
-		if (apply_verbosely)
+		if (state->apply_verbosely)
 			say_patch_name(stderr,
-				       "Applied patch ", patch, " cleanly.\n");
+				       _("Applied patch %s cleanly."), patch);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -3545,16 +4408,20 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 	 * contents are marked "rejected" at the patch level.
 	 */
 	if (!patch->new_name)
-		die("internal error");
+		die(_("internal error"));
 
 	/* Say this even without --verbose */
-	say_patch_name(stderr, "Applying patch ", patch, " with");
-	fprintf(stderr, " %d rejects...\n", cnt);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, Q_("Applying patch %%s with %d reject...",
+			    "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects...",
+			    cnt),
+		    cnt);
+	say_patch_name(stderr, sb.buf, patch);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
 	cnt = strlen(patch->new_name);
 	if (ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) <= cnt + 5) {
 		cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) - 5;
-		warning("truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej",
+		warning(_("truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"),
 			cnt - 1, patch->new_name);
 	}
 	memcpy(namebuf, patch->new_name, cnt);
@@ -3562,10 +4429,10 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 
 	rej = fopen(namebuf, "w");
 	if (!rej)
-		return error("cannot open %s: %s", namebuf, strerror(errno));
+		return error(_("cannot open %s: %s"), namebuf, strerror(errno));
 
 	/* Normal git tools never deal with .rej, so do not pretend
-	 * this is a git patch by saying --git nor give extended
+	 * this is a git patch by saying --git or giving extended
 	 * headers.  While at it, maybe please "kompare" that wants
 	 * the trailing TAB and some garbage at the end of line ;-).
 	 */
@@ -3575,10 +4442,10 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 	     frag;
 	     cnt++, frag = frag->next) {
 		if (!frag->rejected) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Hunk #%d applied cleanly.\n", cnt);
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Hunk #%d applied cleanly."), cnt);
 			continue;
 		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "Rejected hunk #%d.\n", cnt);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Rejected hunk #%d."), cnt);
 		fprintf(rej, "%.*s", frag->size, frag->patch);
 		if (frag->patch[frag->size-1] != '\n')
 			fputc('\n', rej);
@@ -3587,11 +4454,12 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int write_out_results(struct patch *list)
+static int write_out_results(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *list)
 {
 	int phase;
 	int errs = 0;
 	struct patch *l;
+	struct string_list cpath = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	for (phase = 0; phase < 2; phase++) {
 		l = list;
@@ -3599,96 +4467,50 @@ static int write_out_results(struct patch *list)
 			if (l->rejected)
 				errs = 1;
 			else {
-				write_out_one_result(l, phase);
-				if (phase == 1 && write_out_one_reject(l))
-					errs = 1;
+				write_out_one_result(state, l, phase);
+				if (phase == 1) {
+					if (write_out_one_reject(state, l))
+						errs = 1;
+					if (l->conflicted_threeway) {
+						string_list_append(&cpath, l->new_name);
+						errs = 1;
+					}
+				}
 			}
 			l = l->next;
 		}
 	}
-	return errs;
-}
 
-static struct lock_file lock_file;
+	if (cpath.nr) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
 
-static struct string_list limit_by_name;
-static int has_include;
-static void add_name_limit(const char *name, int exclude)
-{
-	struct string_list_item *it;
+		string_list_sort(&cpath);
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &cpath)
+			fprintf(stderr, "U %s\n", item->string);
+		string_list_clear(&cpath, 0);
 
-	it = string_list_append(&limit_by_name, name);
-	it->util = exclude ? NULL : (void *) 1;
-}
-
-static int use_patch(struct patch *p)
-{
-	const char *pathname = p->new_name ? p->new_name : p->old_name;
-	int i;
-
-	/* Paths outside are not touched regardless of "--include" */
-	if (0 < prefix_length) {
-		int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
-		if (pathlen <= prefix_length ||
-		    memcmp(prefix, pathname, prefix_length))
-			return 0;
+		rerere(0);
 	}
 
-	/* See if it matches any of exclude/include rule */
-	for (i = 0; i < limit_by_name.nr; i++) {
-		struct string_list_item *it = &limit_by_name.items[i];
-		if (!fnmatch(it->string, pathname, 0))
-			return (it->util != NULL);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * If we had any include, a path that does not match any rule is
-	 * not used.  Otherwise, we saw bunch of exclude rules (or none)
-	 * and such a path is used.
-	 */
-	return !has_include;
-}
-
-
-static void prefix_one(char **name)
-{
-	char *old_name = *name;
-	if (!old_name)
-		return;
-	*name = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, *name));
-	free(old_name);
+	return errs;
 }
 
-static void prefix_patches(struct patch *p)
-{
-	if (!prefix || p->is_toplevel_relative)
-		return;
-	for ( ; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (p->new_name == p->old_name) {
-			char *prefixed = p->new_name;
-			prefix_one(&prefixed);
-			p->new_name = p->old_name = prefixed;
-		}
-		else {
-			prefix_one(&p->new_name);
-			prefix_one(&p->old_name);
-		}
-	}
-}
+static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
 #define INACCURATE_EOF	(1<<0)
 #define RECOUNT		(1<<1)
 
-static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
+static int apply_patch(struct apply_state *state,
+		       int fd,
+		       const char *filename,
+		       int options)
 {
 	size_t offset;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT; /* owns the patch text */
 	struct patch *list = NULL, **listp = &list;
 	int skipped_patch = 0;
 
-	/* FIXME - memory leak when using multiple patch files as inputs */
-	memset(&fn_table, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	patch_input_file = filename;
+	state->patch_input_file = filename;
 	read_patch_file(&buf, fd);
 	offset = 0;
 	while (offset < buf.len) {
@@ -3698,291 +4520,360 @@ static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
 		patch = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*patch));
 		patch->inaccurate_eof = !!(options & INACCURATE_EOF);
 		patch->recount =  !!(options & RECOUNT);
-		nr = parse_chunk(buf.buf + offset, buf.len - offset, patch);
-		if (nr < 0)
+		nr = parse_chunk(state, buf.buf + offset, buf.len - offset, patch);
+		if (nr < 0) {
+			free_patch(patch);
 			break;
-		if (apply_in_reverse)
+		}
+		if (state->apply_in_reverse)
 			reverse_patches(patch);
-		if (prefix)
-			prefix_patches(patch);
-		if (use_patch(patch)) {
-			patch_stats(patch);
+		if (use_patch(state, patch)) {
+			patch_stats(state, patch);
 			*listp = patch;
 			listp = &patch->next;
 		}
 		else {
-			/* perhaps free it a bit better? */
-			free(patch);
+			if (state->apply_verbosely)
+				say_patch_name(stderr, _("Skipped patch '%s'."), patch);
+			free_patch(patch);
 			skipped_patch++;
 		}
 		offset += nr;
 	}
 
 	if (!list && !skipped_patch)
-		die("unrecognized input");
+		die(_("unrecognized input"));
 
-	if (whitespace_error && (ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error))
-		apply = 0;
+	if (state->whitespace_error && (state->ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error))
+		state->apply = 0;
 
-	update_index = check_index && apply;
-	if (update_index && newfd < 0)
-		newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	state->update_index = state->check_index && state->apply;
+	if (state->update_index && state->newfd < 0)
+		state->newfd = hold_locked_index(state->lock_file, 1);
 
-	if (check_index) {
+	if (state->check_index) {
 		if (read_cache() < 0)
-			die("unable to read index file");
+			die(_("unable to read index file"));
 	}
 
-	if ((check || apply) &&
-	    check_patch_list(list) < 0 &&
-	    !apply_with_reject)
+	if ((state->check || state->apply) &&
+	    check_patch_list(state, list) < 0 &&
+	    !state->apply_with_reject)
 		exit(1);
 
-	if (apply && write_out_results(list))
-		exit(1);
+	if (state->apply && write_out_results(state, list)) {
+		if (state->apply_with_reject)
+			exit(1);
+		/* with --3way, we still need to write the index out */
+		return 1;
+	}
 
-	if (fake_ancestor)
-		build_fake_ancestor(list, fake_ancestor);
+	if (state->fake_ancestor)
+		build_fake_ancestor(list, state->fake_ancestor);
 
-	if (diffstat)
-		stat_patch_list(list);
+	if (state->diffstat)
+		stat_patch_list(state, list);
 
-	if (numstat)
-		numstat_patch_list(list);
+	if (state->numstat)
+		numstat_patch_list(state, list);
 
-	if (summary)
+	if (state->summary)
 		summary_patch_list(list);
 
+	free_patch_list(list);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&state->fn_table, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int git_apply_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void git_apply_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "apply.whitespace"))
-		return git_config_string(&apply_default_whitespace, var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "apply.ignorewhitespace"))
-		return git_config_string(&apply_default_ignorewhitespace, var, value);
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+	git_config_get_string_const("apply.whitespace", &apply_default_whitespace);
+	git_config_get_string_const("apply.ignorewhitespace", &apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 }
 
 static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	add_name_limit(arg, 1);
+	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+	add_name_limit(state, arg, 1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int option_parse_include(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	add_name_limit(arg, 0);
-	has_include = 1;
+	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+	add_name_limit(state, arg, 0);
+	state->has_include = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int option_parse_p(const struct option *opt,
-			  const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	p_value = atoi(arg);
-	p_value_known = 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
-			  const char *arg, int unset)
+			  const char *arg,
+			  int unset)
 {
-	if (unset)
-		line_termination = '\n';
-	else
-		line_termination = 0;
+	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+	state->p_value = atoi(arg);
+	state->p_value_known = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int option_parse_space_change(const struct option *opt,
-			  const char *arg, int unset)
+				     const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
 	if (unset)
-		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+		state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
 	else
-		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
+		state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int option_parse_whitespace(const struct option *opt,
 				   const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	const char **whitespace_option = opt->value;
-
-	*whitespace_option = arg;
-	parse_whitespace_option(arg);
+	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+	state->whitespace_option = arg;
+	parse_whitespace_option(state, arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int option_parse_directory(const struct option *opt,
 				  const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	root_len = strlen(arg);
-	if (root_len && arg[root_len - 1] != '/') {
-		char *new_root;
-		root = new_root = xmalloc(root_len + 2);
-		strcpy(new_root, arg);
-		strcpy(new_root + root_len++, "/");
-	} else
-		root = arg;
+	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+	strbuf_reset(&state->root);
+	strbuf_addstr(&state->root, arg);
+	strbuf_complete(&state->root, '/');
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix_)
+static void init_apply_state(struct apply_state *state,
+			     const char *prefix,
+			     struct lock_file *lock_file)
 {
-	int i;
-	int errs = 0;
-	int is_not_gitdir = !startup_info->have_repository;
-	int force_apply = 0;
-
-	const char *whitespace_option = NULL;
-
-	struct option builtin_apply_options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude", NULL, "path",
-			"don't apply changes matching the given path",
-			0, option_parse_exclude },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "include", NULL, "path",
-			"apply changes matching the given path",
-			0, option_parse_include },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, NULL, "num",
-			"remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths",
-			0, option_parse_p },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-add", &no_add,
-			"ignore additions made by the patch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &diffstat,
-			"instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"),
-		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "allow-binary-replacement"),
-		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "binary"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numstat", &numstat,
-			"shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &summary,
-			"instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "check", &check,
-			"instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "index", &check_index,
-			"make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
-			"apply a patch without touching the working tree"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "apply", &force_apply,
-			"also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"),
-		OPT_FILENAME(0, "build-fake-ancestor", &fake_ancestor,
-			"build a temporary index based on embedded index information"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-			"paths are separated with NUL character",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_INTEGER('C', NULL, &p_context,
-				"ensure at least <n> lines of context match"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "whitespace", &whitespace_option, "action",
-			"detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors",
-			0, option_parse_whitespace },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-space-change", NULL, NULL,
-			"ignore changes in whitespace when finding context",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-whitespace", NULL, NULL,
-			"ignore changes in whitespace when finding context",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
-			"apply the patch in reverse"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
-			"don't expect at least one line of context"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
-			"leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-overlap", &allow_overlap,
-			"allow overlapping hunks"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely, "be verbose"),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", &options,
-			"tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file",
-			INACCURATE_EOF),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "recount", &options,
-			"do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers",
-			RECOUNT),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "directory", NULL, "root",
-			"prepend <root> to all filenames",
-			0, option_parse_directory },
-		OPT_END()
-	};
-
-	prefix = prefix_;
-	prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	git_config(git_apply_config, NULL);
+	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
+	state->prefix = prefix;
+	state->prefix_length = state->prefix ? strlen(state->prefix) : 0;
+	state->lock_file = lock_file;
+	state->newfd = -1;
+	state->apply = 1;
+	state->line_termination = '\n';
+	state->p_value = 1;
+	state->p_context = UINT_MAX;
+	state->squelch_whitespace_errors = 5;
+	state->ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
+	state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+	state->linenr = 1;
+	string_list_init(&state->fn_table, 0);
+	string_list_init(&state->limit_by_name, 0);
+	string_list_init(&state->symlink_changes, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&state->root, 0);
+
+	git_apply_config();
 	if (apply_default_whitespace)
-		parse_whitespace_option(apply_default_whitespace);
+		parse_whitespace_option(state, apply_default_whitespace);
 	if (apply_default_ignorewhitespace)
-		parse_ignorewhitespace_option(apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
+		parse_ignorewhitespace_option(state, apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
+}
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_apply_options,
-			apply_usage, 0);
+static void clear_apply_state(struct apply_state *state)
+{
+	string_list_clear(&state->limit_by_name, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&state->symlink_changes, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&state->root);
 
-	if (apply_with_reject)
-		apply = apply_verbosely = 1;
-	if (!force_apply && (diffstat || numstat || summary || check || fake_ancestor))
-		apply = 0;
-	if (check_index && is_not_gitdir)
-		die("--index outside a repository");
-	if (cached) {
+	/* &state->fn_table is cleared at the end of apply_patch() */
+}
+
+static void check_apply_state(struct apply_state *state, int force_apply)
+{
+	int is_not_gitdir = !startup_info->have_repository;
+
+	if (state->apply_with_reject && state->threeway)
+		die("--reject and --3way cannot be used together.");
+	if (state->cached && state->threeway)
+		die("--cached and --3way cannot be used together.");
+	if (state->threeway) {
+		if (is_not_gitdir)
+			die(_("--3way outside a repository"));
+		state->check_index = 1;
+	}
+	if (state->apply_with_reject)
+		state->apply = state->apply_verbosely = 1;
+	if (!force_apply && (state->diffstat || state->numstat || state->summary || state->check || state->fake_ancestor))
+		state->apply = 0;
+	if (state->check_index && is_not_gitdir)
+		die(_("--index outside a repository"));
+	if (state->cached) {
 		if (is_not_gitdir)
-			die("--cached outside a repository");
-		check_index = 1;
+			die(_("--cached outside a repository"));
+		state->check_index = 1;
 	}
+	if (state->check_index)
+		state->unsafe_paths = 0;
+	if (!state->lock_file)
+		die("BUG: state->lock_file should not be NULL");
+}
+
+static int apply_all_patches(struct apply_state *state,
+			     int argc,
+			     const char **argv,
+			     int options)
+{
+	int i;
+	int errs = 0;
+	int read_stdin = 1;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		int fd;
 
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
-			errs |= apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", options);
+			errs |= apply_patch(state, 0, "<stdin>", options);
 			read_stdin = 0;
 			continue;
-		} else if (0 < prefix_length)
-			arg = prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
+		} else if (0 < state->prefix_length)
+			arg = prefix_filename(state->prefix,
+					      state->prefix_length,
+					      arg);
 
 		fd = open(arg, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd < 0)
-			die_errno("can't open patch '%s'", arg);
+			die_errno(_("can't open patch '%s'"), arg);
 		read_stdin = 0;
-		set_default_whitespace_mode(whitespace_option);
-		errs |= apply_patch(fd, arg, options);
+		set_default_whitespace_mode(state);
+		errs |= apply_patch(state, fd, arg, options);
 		close(fd);
 	}
-	set_default_whitespace_mode(whitespace_option);
+	set_default_whitespace_mode(state);
 	if (read_stdin)
-		errs |= apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", options);
-	if (whitespace_error) {
-		if (squelch_whitespace_errors &&
-		    squelch_whitespace_errors < whitespace_error) {
+		errs |= apply_patch(state, 0, "<stdin>", options);
+
+	if (state->whitespace_error) {
+		if (state->squelch_whitespace_errors &&
+		    state->squelch_whitespace_errors < state->whitespace_error) {
 			int squelched =
-				whitespace_error - squelch_whitespace_errors;
-			warning("squelched %d "
-				"whitespace error%s",
-				squelched,
-				squelched == 1 ? "" : "s");
+				state->whitespace_error - state->squelch_whitespace_errors;
+			warning(Q_("squelched %d whitespace error",
+				   "squelched %d whitespace errors",
+				   squelched),
+				squelched);
 		}
-		if (ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error)
-			die("%d line%s add%s whitespace errors.",
-			    whitespace_error,
-			    whitespace_error == 1 ? "" : "s",
-			    whitespace_error == 1 ? "s" : "");
-		if (applied_after_fixing_ws && apply)
+		if (state->ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error)
+			die(Q_("%d line adds whitespace errors.",
+			       "%d lines add whitespace errors.",
+			       state->whitespace_error),
+			    state->whitespace_error);
+		if (state->applied_after_fixing_ws && state->apply)
 			warning("%d line%s applied after"
 				" fixing whitespace errors.",
-				applied_after_fixing_ws,
-				applied_after_fixing_ws == 1 ? "" : "s");
-		else if (whitespace_error)
-			warning("%d line%s add%s whitespace errors.",
-				whitespace_error,
-				whitespace_error == 1 ? "" : "s",
-				whitespace_error == 1 ? "s" : "");
+				state->applied_after_fixing_ws,
+				state->applied_after_fixing_ws == 1 ? "" : "s");
+		else if (state->whitespace_error)
+			warning(Q_("%d line adds whitespace errors.",
+				   "%d lines add whitespace errors.",
+				   state->whitespace_error),
+				state->whitespace_error);
 	}
 
-	if (update_index) {
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
-			die("Unable to write new index file");
+	if (state->update_index) {
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, state->lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+			die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
+		state->newfd = -1;
 	}
 
 	return !!errs;
 }
+
+int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int force_apply = 0;
+	int options = 0;
+	int ret;
+	struct apply_state state;
+
+	struct option builtin_apply_options[] = {
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude", &state, N_("path"),
+			N_("don't apply changes matching the given path"),
+			0, option_parse_exclude },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "include", &state, N_("path"),
+			N_("apply changes matching the given path"),
+			0, option_parse_include },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, &state, N_("num"),
+			N_("remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"),
+			0, option_parse_p },
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-add", &state.no_add,
+			N_("ignore additions made by the patch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &state.diffstat,
+			N_("instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input")),
+		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "allow-binary-replacement"),
+		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "binary"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numstat", &state.numstat,
+			N_("show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &state.summary,
+			N_("instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "check", &state.check,
+			N_("instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "index", &state.check_index,
+			N_("make sure the patch is applicable to the current index")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &state.cached,
+			N_("apply a patch without touching the working tree")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unsafe-paths", &state.unsafe_paths,
+			N_("accept a patch that touches outside the working area")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "apply", &force_apply,
+			N_("also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('3', "3way", &state.threeway,
+			 N_( "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply")),
+		OPT_FILENAME(0, "build-fake-ancestor", &state.fake_ancestor,
+			N_("build a temporary index based on embedded index information")),
+		/* Think twice before adding "--nul" synonym to this */
+		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &state.line_termination,
+			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"), '\0'),
+		OPT_INTEGER('C', NULL, &state.p_context,
+				N_("ensure at least <n> lines of context match")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "whitespace", &state, N_("action"),
+			N_("detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"),
+			0, option_parse_whitespace },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-space-change", &state, NULL,
+			N_("ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-whitespace", &state, NULL,
+			N_("ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
+		OPT_BOOL('R', "reverse", &state.apply_in_reverse,
+			N_("apply the patch in reverse")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unidiff-zero", &state.unidiff_zero,
+			N_("don't expect at least one line of context")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reject", &state.apply_with_reject,
+			N_("leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-overlap", &state.allow_overlap,
+			N_("allow overlapping hunks")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&state.apply_verbosely, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", &options,
+			N_("tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"),
+			INACCURATE_EOF),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "recount", &options,
+			N_("do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"),
+			RECOUNT),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "directory", &state, N_("root"),
+			N_("prepend <root> to all filenames"),
+			0, option_parse_directory },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	init_apply_state(&state, prefix, &lock_file);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, state.prefix, builtin_apply_options,
+			apply_usage, 0);
+
+	check_apply_state(&state, force_apply);
+
+	ret = apply_all_patches(&state, argc, argv, options);
+
+	clear_apply_state(&state);
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/archive.c b/builtin/archive.c
index 931956def9..a1e3b940c2 100644
--- a/builtin/archive.c
+++ b/builtin/archive.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ static int run_remote_archiver(int argc, const char **argv,
 			       const char *remote, const char *exec,
 			       const char *name_hint)
 {
-	char buf[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
-	int fd[2], i, len, rv;
+	char *buf;
+	int fd[2], i, rv;
 	struct transport *transport;
 	struct remote *_remote;
 
@@ -53,21 +53,18 @@ static int run_remote_archiver(int argc, const char **argv,
 		packet_write(fd[1], "argument %s\n", argv[i]);
 	packet_flush(fd[1]);
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (!len)
+	buf = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL);
+	if (!buf)
 		die(_("git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"));
-	if (buf[len-1] == '\n')
-		buf[--len] = 0;
 	if (strcmp(buf, "ACK")) {
-		if (len > 5 && !prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
+		if (starts_with(buf, "NACK "))
 			die(_("git archive: NACK %s"), buf + 5);
-		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buf, "ERR "))
+		if (starts_with(buf, "ERR "))
 			die(_("remote error: %s"), buf + 4);
 		die(_("git archive: protocol error"));
 	}
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (len)
+	if (packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))
 		die(_("git archive: expected a flush"));
 
 	/* Now, start reading from fd[0] and spit it out to stdout */
@@ -88,12 +85,12 @@ int cmd_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *output = NULL;
 	const char *remote = NULL;
 	struct option local_opts[] = {
-		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, "file",
-			"write the archive to this file"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, "repo",
-			"retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, "cmd",
-			"path to the remote git-upload-archive command"),
+		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, N_("file"),
+			N_("write the archive to this file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, N_("repo"),
+			N_("retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, N_("command"),
+			N_("path to the remote git-upload-archive command")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/bisect--helper.c b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
index 8d325a5179..3324229025 100644
--- a/builtin/bisect--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "bisect.h"
 
 static const char * const git_bisect_helper_usage[] = {
-	"git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]",
+	N_("git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ int cmd_bisect__helper(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int next_all = 0;
 	int no_checkout = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "next-all", &next_all,
-			    "perform 'git bisect next'"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
-			    "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "next-all", &next_all,
+			 N_("perform 'git bisect next'")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
+			 N_("update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index 5a67c202f0..1e214bd4ec 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 /*
  * Blame
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2006, Junio C Hamano
+ * Copyright (c) 2006, 2014 by its authors
+ * See COPYING for licensing conditions
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "commit.h"
@@ -18,16 +20,22 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "mailmap.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "progress.h"
 
-static char blame_usage[] = "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file";
+static char blame_usage[] = N_("git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>");
 
 static const char *blame_opt_usage[] = {
 	blame_usage,
 	"",
-	"[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)",
+	N_("<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -42,11 +50,13 @@ static int blank_boundary;
 static int incremental;
 static int xdl_opts;
 static int abbrev = -1;
+static int no_whole_file_rename;
+static int show_progress;
 
-static enum date_mode blame_date_mode = DATE_ISO8601;
+static struct date_mode blame_date_mode = { DATE_ISO8601 };
 static size_t blame_date_width;
 
-static struct string_list mailmap;
+static struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 #ifndef DEBUG
 #define DEBUG 0
@@ -71,7 +81,7 @@ static unsigned blame_copy_score;
 #define BLAME_DEFAULT_MOVE_SCORE	20
 #define BLAME_DEFAULT_COPY_SCORE	40
 
-/* bits #0..7 in revision.h, #8..11 used for merge_bases() in commit.c */
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define METAINFO_SHOWN		(1u<<12)
 #define MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH	(1u<<13)
 
@@ -80,14 +90,64 @@ static unsigned blame_copy_score;
  */
 struct origin {
 	int refcnt;
+	/* Record preceding blame record for this blob */
 	struct origin *previous;
+	/* origins are put in a list linked via `next' hanging off the
+	 * corresponding commit's util field in order to make finding
+	 * them fast.  The presence in this chain does not count
+	 * towards the origin's reference count.  It is tempting to
+	 * let it count as long as the commit is pending examination,
+	 * but even under circumstances where the commit will be
+	 * present multiple times in the priority queue of unexamined
+	 * commits, processing the first instance will not leave any
+	 * work requiring the origin data for the second instance.  An
+	 * interspersed commit changing that would have to be
+	 * preexisting with a different ancestry and with the same
+	 * commit date in order to wedge itself between two instances
+	 * of the same commit in the priority queue _and_ produce
+	 * blame entries relevant for it.  While we don't want to let
+	 * us get tripped up by this case, it certainly does not seem
+	 * worth optimizing for.
+	 */
+	struct origin *next;
 	struct commit *commit;
+	/* `suspects' contains blame entries that may be attributed to
+	 * this origin's commit or to parent commits.  When a commit
+	 * is being processed, all suspects will be moved, either by
+	 * assigning them to an origin in a different commit, or by
+	 * shipping them to the scoreboard's ent list because they
+	 * cannot be attributed to a different commit.
+	 */
+	struct blame_entry *suspects;
 	mmfile_t file;
 	unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
 	unsigned mode;
+	/* guilty gets set when shipping any suspects to the final
+	 * blame list instead of other commits
+	 */
+	char guilty;
 	char path[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+struct progress_info {
+	struct progress *progress;
+	int blamed_lines;
+};
+
+static int diff_hunks(mmfile_t *file_a, mmfile_t *file_b, long ctxlen,
+		      xdl_emit_hunk_consume_func_t hunk_func, void *cb_data)
+{
+	xpparam_t xpp = {0};
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg = {0};
+	xdemitcb_t ecb = {NULL};
+
+	xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
+	xecfg.ctxlen = ctxlen;
+	xecfg.hunk_func = hunk_func;
+	ecb.priv = cb_data;
+	return xdi_diff(file_a, file_b, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+}
+
 /*
  * Prepare diff_filespec and convert it using diff textconv API
  * if the textconv driver exists.
@@ -96,6 +156,7 @@ struct origin {
 int textconv_object(const char *path,
 		    unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    char **buf,
 		    unsigned long *buf_size)
 {
@@ -103,7 +164,7 @@ int textconv_object(const char *path,
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv;
 
 	df = alloc_filespec(path);
-	fill_filespec(df, sha1, mode);
+	fill_filespec(df, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 	textconv = get_textconv(df);
 	if (!textconv) {
 		free_filespec(df);
@@ -128,7 +189,7 @@ static void fill_origin_blob(struct diff_options *opt,
 
 		num_read_blob++;
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-		    textconv_object(o->path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, &file->ptr, &file_size))
+		    textconv_object(o->path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, 1, &file->ptr, &file_size))
 			;
 		else
 			file->ptr = read_sha1_file(o->blob_sha1, &type, &file_size);
@@ -158,10 +219,22 @@ static inline struct origin *origin_incref(struct origin *o)
 static void origin_decref(struct origin *o)
 {
 	if (o && --o->refcnt <= 0) {
+		struct origin *p, *l = NULL;
 		if (o->previous)
 			origin_decref(o->previous);
 		free(o->file.ptr);
-		free(o);
+		/* Should be present exactly once in commit chain */
+		for (p = o->commit->util; p; l = p, p = p->next) {
+			if (p == o) {
+				if (l)
+					l->next = p->next;
+				else
+					o->commit->util = p->next;
+				free(o);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		die("internal error in blame::origin_decref");
 	}
 }
 
@@ -175,11 +248,14 @@ static void drop_origin_blob(struct origin *o)
 
 /*
  * Each group of lines is described by a blame_entry; it can be split
- * as we pass blame to the parents.  They form a linked list in the
- * scoreboard structure, sorted by the target line number.
+ * as we pass blame to the parents.  They are arranged in linked lists
+ * kept as `suspects' of some unprocessed origin, or entered (when the
+ * blame origin has been finalized) into the scoreboard structure.
+ * While the scoreboard structure is only sorted at the end of
+ * processing (according to final image line number), the lists
+ * attached to an origin are sorted by the target line number.
  */
 struct blame_entry {
-	struct blame_entry *prev;
 	struct blame_entry *next;
 
 	/* the first line of this group in the final image;
@@ -193,15 +269,6 @@ struct blame_entry {
 	/* the commit that introduced this group into the final image */
 	struct origin *suspect;
 
-	/* true if the suspect is truly guilty; false while we have not
-	 * checked if the group came from one of its parents.
-	 */
-	char guilty;
-
-	/* true if the entry has been scanned for copies in the current parent
-	 */
-	char scanned;
-
 	/* the line number of the first line of this group in the
 	 * suspect's file; internally all line numbers are 0 based.
 	 */
@@ -214,11 +281,112 @@ struct blame_entry {
 };
 
 /*
+ * Any merge of blames happens on lists of blames that arrived via
+ * different parents in a single suspect.  In this case, we want to
+ * sort according to the suspect line numbers as opposed to the final
+ * image line numbers.  The function body is somewhat longish because
+ * it avoids unnecessary writes.
+ */
+
+static struct blame_entry *blame_merge(struct blame_entry *list1,
+				       struct blame_entry *list2)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *p1 = list1, *p2 = list2,
+		**tail = &list1;
+
+	if (!p1)
+		return p2;
+	if (!p2)
+		return p1;
+
+	if (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno) {
+		do {
+			tail = &p1->next;
+			if ((p1 = *tail) == NULL) {
+				*tail = p2;
+				return list1;
+			}
+		} while (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno);
+	}
+	for (;;) {
+		*tail = p2;
+		do {
+			tail = &p2->next;
+			if ((p2 = *tail) == NULL)  {
+				*tail = p1;
+				return list1;
+			}
+		} while (p1->s_lno > p2->s_lno);
+		*tail = p1;
+		do {
+			tail = &p1->next;
+			if ((p1 = *tail) == NULL) {
+				*tail = p2;
+				return list1;
+			}
+		} while (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno);
+	}
+}
+
+static void *get_next_blame(const void *p)
+{
+	return ((struct blame_entry *)p)->next;
+}
+
+static void set_next_blame(void *p1, void *p2)
+{
+	((struct blame_entry *)p1)->next = p2;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Final image line numbers are all different, so we don't need a
+ * three-way comparison here.
+ */
+
+static int compare_blame_final(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+	return ((struct blame_entry *)p1)->lno > ((struct blame_entry *)p2)->lno
+		? 1 : -1;
+}
+
+static int compare_blame_suspect(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+	const struct blame_entry *s1 = p1, *s2 = p2;
+	/*
+	 * to allow for collating suspects, we sort according to the
+	 * respective pointer value as the primary sorting criterion.
+	 * The actual relation is pretty unimportant as long as it
+	 * establishes a total order.  Comparing as integers gives us
+	 * that.
+	 */
+	if (s1->suspect != s2->suspect)
+		return (intptr_t)s1->suspect > (intptr_t)s2->suspect ? 1 : -1;
+	if (s1->s_lno == s2->s_lno)
+		return 0;
+	return s1->s_lno > s2->s_lno ? 1 : -1;
+}
+
+static struct blame_entry *blame_sort(struct blame_entry *head,
+				      int (*compare_fn)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+	return llist_mergesort (head, get_next_blame, set_next_blame, compare_fn);
+}
+
+static int compare_commits_by_reverse_commit_date(const void *a,
+						  const void *b,
+						  void *c)
+{
+	return -compare_commits_by_commit_date(a, b, c);
+}
+
+/*
  * The current state of the blame assignment.
  */
 struct scoreboard {
 	/* the final commit (i.e. where we started digging from) */
 	struct commit *final;
+	/* Priority queue for commits with unassigned blame records */
+	struct prio_queue commits;
 	struct rev_info *revs;
 	const char *path;
 
@@ -238,15 +406,6 @@ struct scoreboard {
 	int *lineno;
 };
 
-static inline int same_suspect(struct origin *a, struct origin *b)
-{
-	if (a == b)
-		return 1;
-	if (a->commit != b->commit)
-		return 0;
-	return !strcmp(a->path, b->path);
-}
-
 static void sanity_check_refcnt(struct scoreboard *);
 
 /*
@@ -259,13 +418,10 @@ static void coalesce(struct scoreboard *sb)
 	struct blame_entry *ent, *next;
 
 	for (ent = sb->ent; ent && (next = ent->next); ent = next) {
-		if (same_suspect(ent->suspect, next->suspect) &&
-		    ent->guilty == next->guilty &&
+		if (ent->suspect == next->suspect &&
 		    ent->s_lno + ent->num_lines == next->s_lno) {
 			ent->num_lines += next->num_lines;
 			ent->next = next->next;
-			if (ent->next)
-				ent->next->prev = ent;
 			origin_decref(next->suspect);
 			free(next);
 			ent->score = 0;
@@ -278,6 +434,30 @@ static void coalesce(struct scoreboard *sb)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Merge the given sorted list of blames into a preexisting origin.
+ * If there were no previous blames to that commit, it is entered into
+ * the commit priority queue of the score board.
+ */
+
+static void queue_blames(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *porigin,
+			 struct blame_entry *sorted)
+{
+	if (porigin->suspects)
+		porigin->suspects = blame_merge(porigin->suspects, sorted);
+	else {
+		struct origin *o;
+		for (o = porigin->commit->util; o; o = o->next) {
+			if (o->suspects) {
+				porigin->suspects = sorted;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		porigin->suspects = sorted;
+		prio_queue_put(&sb->commits, porigin->commit);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * Given a commit and a path in it, create a new origin structure.
  * The callers that add blame to the scoreboard should use
  * get_origin() to obtain shared, refcounted copy instead of calling
@@ -286,26 +466,34 @@ static void coalesce(struct scoreboard *sb)
 static struct origin *make_origin(struct commit *commit, const char *path)
 {
 	struct origin *o;
-	o = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*o) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(o, path, path);
 	o->commit = commit;
 	o->refcnt = 1;
-	strcpy(o->path, path);
+	o->next = commit->util;
+	commit->util = o;
 	return o;
 }
 
 /*
  * Locate an existing origin or create a new one.
+ * This moves the origin to front position in the commit util list.
  */
 static struct origin *get_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 				 struct commit *commit,
 				 const char *path)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *e;
+	struct origin *o, *l;
 
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-		if (e->suspect->commit == commit &&
-		    !strcmp(e->suspect->path, path))
-			return origin_incref(e->suspect);
+	for (o = commit->util, l = NULL; o; l = o, o = o->next) {
+		if (!strcmp(o->path, path)) {
+			/* bump to front */
+			if (l) {
+				l->next = o->next;
+				o->next = commit->util;
+				commit->util = o;
+			}
+			return origin_incref(o);
+		}
 	}
 	return make_origin(commit, path);
 }
@@ -323,7 +511,7 @@ static int fill_blob_sha1_and_mode(struct origin *origin)
 {
 	if (!is_null_sha1(origin->blob_sha1))
 		return 0;
-	if (get_tree_entry(origin->commit->object.sha1,
+	if (get_tree_entry(origin->commit->object.oid.hash,
 			   origin->path,
 			   origin->blob_sha1, &origin->mode))
 		goto error_out;
@@ -344,41 +532,19 @@ static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 				  struct commit *parent,
 				  struct origin *origin)
 {
-	struct origin *porigin = NULL;
+	struct origin *porigin;
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	const char *paths[2];
 
-	if (parent->util) {
-		/*
-		 * Each commit object can cache one origin in that
-		 * commit.  This is a freestanding copy of origin and
-		 * not refcounted.
-		 */
-		struct origin *cached = parent->util;
-		if (!strcmp(cached->path, origin->path)) {
+	/* First check any existing origins */
+	for (porigin = parent->util; porigin; porigin = porigin->next)
+		if (!strcmp(porigin->path, origin->path)) {
 			/*
 			 * The same path between origin and its parent
 			 * without renaming -- the most common case.
 			 */
-			porigin = get_origin(sb, parent, cached->path);
-
-			/*
-			 * If the origin was newly created (i.e. get_origin
-			 * would call make_origin if none is found in the
-			 * scoreboard), it does not know the blob_sha1/mode,
-			 * so copy it.  Otherwise porigin was in the
-			 * scoreboard and already knows blob_sha1/mode.
-			 */
-			if (porigin->refcnt == 1) {
-				hashcpy(porigin->blob_sha1, cached->blob_sha1);
-				porigin->mode = cached->mode;
-			}
-			return porigin;
+			return origin_incref (porigin);
 		}
-		/* otherwise it was not very useful; free it */
-		free(parent->util);
-		parent->util = NULL;
-	}
 
 	/* See if the origin->path is different between parent
 	 * and origin first.  Most of the time they are the
@@ -391,15 +557,16 @@ static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	paths[0] = origin->path;
 	paths[1] = NULL;
 
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	parse_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", paths);
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
-	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
-		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
+	if (is_null_oid(&origin->commit->object.oid))
+		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.oid.hash, &diff_opts);
 	else
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
-			       origin->commit->tree->object.sha1,
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.oid.hash,
+			       origin->commit->tree->object.oid.hash,
 			       "", &diff_opts);
 	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
 
@@ -442,20 +609,7 @@ static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 		}
 	}
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
-	if (porigin) {
-		/*
-		 * Create a freestanding copy that is not part of
-		 * the refcounted origin found in the scoreboard, and
-		 * cache it in the commit.
-		 */
-		struct origin *cached;
-
-		cached = make_origin(porigin->commit, porigin->path);
-		hashcpy(cached->blob_sha1, porigin->blob_sha1);
-		cached->mode = porigin->mode;
-		parent->util = cached;
-	}
+	clear_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	return porigin;
 }
 
@@ -470,23 +624,19 @@ static struct origin *find_rename(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	struct origin *porigin = NULL;
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	int i;
-	const char *paths[2];
 
 	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	diff_opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	diff_opts.single_follow = origin->path;
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
-	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
-		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
+	if (is_null_oid(&origin->commit->object.oid))
+		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.oid.hash, &diff_opts);
 	else
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
-			       origin->commit->tree->object.sha1,
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.oid.hash,
+			       origin->commit->tree->object.oid.hash,
 			       "", &diff_opts);
 	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
 
@@ -501,62 +651,48 @@ static struct origin *find_rename(struct scoreboard *sb,
 		}
 	}
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	clear_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	return porigin;
 }
 
 /*
- * Link in a new blame entry to the scoreboard.  Entries that cover the
- * same line range have been removed from the scoreboard previously.
+ * Append a new blame entry to a given output queue.
  */
-static void add_blame_entry(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *e)
+static void add_blame_entry(struct blame_entry ***queue, struct blame_entry *e)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *ent, *prev = NULL;
-
 	origin_incref(e->suspect);
 
-	for (ent = sb->ent; ent && ent->lno < e->lno; ent = ent->next)
-		prev = ent;
-
-	/* prev, if not NULL, is the last one that is below e */
-	e->prev = prev;
-	if (prev) {
-		e->next = prev->next;
-		prev->next = e;
-	}
-	else {
-		e->next = sb->ent;
-		sb->ent = e;
-	}
-	if (e->next)
-		e->next->prev = e;
+	e->next = **queue;
+	**queue = e;
+	*queue = &e->next;
 }
 
 /*
  * src typically is on-stack; we want to copy the information in it to
- * a malloced blame_entry that is already on the linked list of the
- * scoreboard.  The origin of dst loses a refcnt while the origin of src
- * gains one.
+ * a malloced blame_entry that gets added to the given queue.  The
+ * origin of dst loses a refcnt.
  */
-static void dup_entry(struct blame_entry *dst, struct blame_entry *src)
+static void dup_entry(struct blame_entry ***queue,
+		      struct blame_entry *dst, struct blame_entry *src)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *p, *n;
-
-	p = dst->prev;
-	n = dst->next;
 	origin_incref(src->suspect);
 	origin_decref(dst->suspect);
 	memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(*src));
-	dst->prev = p;
-	dst->next = n;
-	dst->score = 0;
+	dst->next = **queue;
+	**queue = dst;
+	*queue = &dst->next;
 }
 
-static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, int lno)
+static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, long lno)
 {
 	return sb->final_buf + sb->lineno[lno];
 }
 
+static const char *nth_line_cb(void *data, long lno)
+{
+	return nth_line((struct scoreboard *)data, lno);
+}
+
 /*
  * It is known that lines between tlno to same came from parent, and e
  * has an overlap with that range.  it also is known that parent's
@@ -616,10 +752,11 @@ static void split_overlap(struct blame_entry *split,
 
 /*
  * split_overlap() divided an existing blame e into up to three parts
- * in split.  Adjust the linked list of blames in the scoreboard to
+ * in split.  Any assigned blame is moved to queue to
  * reflect the split.
  */
-static void split_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
+static void split_blame(struct blame_entry ***blamed,
+			struct blame_entry ***unblamed,
 			struct blame_entry *split,
 			struct blame_entry *e)
 {
@@ -627,61 +764,39 @@ static void split_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
 
 	if (split[0].suspect && split[2].suspect) {
 		/* The first part (reuse storage for the existing entry e) */
-		dup_entry(e, &split[0]);
+		dup_entry(unblamed, e, &split[0]);
 
 		/* The last part -- me */
 		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
 		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[2]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
-		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+		add_blame_entry(unblamed, new_entry);
 
 		/* ... and the middle part -- parent */
 		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
 		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[1]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
-		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+		add_blame_entry(blamed, new_entry);
 	}
 	else if (!split[0].suspect && !split[2].suspect)
 		/*
 		 * The parent covers the entire area; reuse storage for
 		 * e and replace it with the parent.
 		 */
-		dup_entry(e, &split[1]);
+		dup_entry(blamed, e, &split[1]);
 	else if (split[0].suspect) {
 		/* me and then parent */
-		dup_entry(e, &split[0]);
+		dup_entry(unblamed, e, &split[0]);
 
 		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
 		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[1]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
-		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+		add_blame_entry(blamed, new_entry);
 	}
 	else {
 		/* parent and then me */
-		dup_entry(e, &split[1]);
+		dup_entry(blamed, e, &split[1]);
 
 		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
 		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[2]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
-		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
-	}
-
-	if (DEBUG) { /* sanity */
-		struct blame_entry *ent;
-		int lno = sb->ent->lno, corrupt = 0;
-
-		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
-			if (lno != ent->lno)
-				corrupt = 1;
-			if (ent->s_lno < 0)
-				corrupt = 1;
-			lno += ent->num_lines;
-		}
-		if (corrupt) {
-			lno = sb->ent->lno;
-			for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
-				printf("L %8d l %8d n %8d\n",
-				       lno, ent->lno, ent->num_lines);
-				lno = ent->lno + ent->num_lines;
-			}
-			die("oops");
-		}
+		add_blame_entry(unblamed, new_entry);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -698,73 +813,147 @@ static void decref_split(struct blame_entry *split)
 }
 
 /*
- * Helper for blame_chunk().  blame_entry e is known to overlap with
- * the patch hunk; split it and pass blame to the parent.
+ * reverse_blame reverses the list given in head, appending tail.
+ * That allows us to build lists in reverse order, then reverse them
+ * afterwards.  This can be faster than building the list in proper
+ * order right away.  The reason is that building in proper order
+ * requires writing a link in the _previous_ element, while building
+ * in reverse order just requires placing the list head into the
+ * _current_ element.
  */
-static void blame_overlap(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *e,
-			  int tlno, int plno, int same,
-			  struct origin *parent)
-{
-	struct blame_entry split[3];
 
-	split_overlap(split, e, tlno, plno, same, parent);
-	if (split[1].suspect)
-		split_blame(sb, split, e);
-	decref_split(split);
-}
-
-/*
- * Find the line number of the last line the target is suspected for.
- */
-static int find_last_in_target(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *target)
+static struct blame_entry *reverse_blame(struct blame_entry *head,
+					 struct blame_entry *tail)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *e;
-	int last_in_target = -1;
-
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-		if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target))
-			continue;
-		if (last_in_target < e->s_lno + e->num_lines)
-			last_in_target = e->s_lno + e->num_lines;
+	while (head) {
+		struct blame_entry *next = head->next;
+		head->next = tail;
+		tail = head;
+		head = next;
 	}
-	return last_in_target;
+	return tail;
 }
 
 /*
  * Process one hunk from the patch between the current suspect for
- * blame_entry e and its parent.  Find and split the overlap, and
- * pass blame to the overlapping part to the parent.
+ * blame_entry e and its parent.  This first blames any unfinished
+ * entries before the chunk (which is where target and parent start
+ * differing) on the parent, and then splits blame entries at the
+ * start and at the end of the difference region.  Since use of -M and
+ * -C options may lead to overlapping/duplicate source line number
+ * ranges, all we can rely on from sorting/merging is the order of the
+ * first suspect line number.
  */
-static void blame_chunk(struct scoreboard *sb,
-			int tlno, int plno, int same,
-			struct origin *target, struct origin *parent)
+static void blame_chunk(struct blame_entry ***dstq, struct blame_entry ***srcq,
+			int tlno, int offset, int same,
+			struct origin *parent)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *e;
+	struct blame_entry *e = **srcq;
+	struct blame_entry *samep = NULL, *diffp = NULL;
 
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-		if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target))
-			continue;
-		if (same <= e->s_lno)
-			continue;
-		if (tlno < e->s_lno + e->num_lines)
-			blame_overlap(sb, e, tlno, plno, same, parent);
+	while (e && e->s_lno < tlno) {
+		struct blame_entry *next = e->next;
+		/*
+		 * current record starts before differing portion.  If
+		 * it reaches into it, we need to split it up and
+		 * examine the second part separately.
+		 */
+		if (e->s_lno + e->num_lines > tlno) {
+			/* Move second half to a new record */
+			int len = tlno - e->s_lno;
+			struct blame_entry *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof (struct blame_entry));
+			n->suspect = e->suspect;
+			n->lno = e->lno + len;
+			n->s_lno = e->s_lno + len;
+			n->num_lines = e->num_lines - len;
+			e->num_lines = len;
+			e->score = 0;
+			/* Push new record to diffp */
+			n->next = diffp;
+			diffp = n;
+		} else
+			origin_decref(e->suspect);
+		/* Pass blame for everything before the differing
+		 * chunk to the parent */
+		e->suspect = origin_incref(parent);
+		e->s_lno += offset;
+		e->next = samep;
+		samep = e;
+		e = next;
 	}
+	/*
+	 * As we don't know how much of a common stretch after this
+	 * diff will occur, the currently blamed parts are all that we
+	 * can assign to the parent for now.
+	 */
+
+	if (samep) {
+		**dstq = reverse_blame(samep, **dstq);
+		*dstq = &samep->next;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Prepend the split off portions: everything after e starts
+	 * after the blameable portion.
+	 */
+	e = reverse_blame(diffp, e);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now retain records on the target while parts are different
+	 * from the parent.
+	 */
+	samep = NULL;
+	diffp = NULL;
+	while (e && e->s_lno < same) {
+		struct blame_entry *next = e->next;
+
+		/*
+		 * If current record extends into sameness, need to split.
+		 */
+		if (e->s_lno + e->num_lines > same) {
+			/*
+			 * Move second half to a new record to be
+			 * processed by later chunks
+			 */
+			int len = same - e->s_lno;
+			struct blame_entry *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof (struct blame_entry));
+			n->suspect = origin_incref(e->suspect);
+			n->lno = e->lno + len;
+			n->s_lno = e->s_lno + len;
+			n->num_lines = e->num_lines - len;
+			e->num_lines = len;
+			e->score = 0;
+			/* Push new record to samep */
+			n->next = samep;
+			samep = n;
+		}
+		e->next = diffp;
+		diffp = e;
+		e = next;
+	}
+	**srcq = reverse_blame(diffp, reverse_blame(samep, e));
+	/* Move across elements that are in the unblamable portion */
+	if (diffp)
+		*srcq = &diffp->next;
 }
 
 struct blame_chunk_cb_data {
-	struct scoreboard *sb;
-	struct origin *target;
 	struct origin *parent;
-	long plno;
-	long tlno;
+	long offset;
+	struct blame_entry **dstq;
+	struct blame_entry **srcq;
 };
 
-static void blame_chunk_cb(void *data, long same, long p_next, long t_next)
+/* diff chunks are from parent to target */
+static int blame_chunk_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
+			  long start_b, long count_b, void *data)
 {
 	struct blame_chunk_cb_data *d = data;
-	blame_chunk(d->sb, d->tlno, d->plno, same, d->target, d->parent);
-	d->plno = p_next;
-	d->tlno = t_next;
+	if (start_a - start_b != d->offset)
+		die("internal error in blame::blame_chunk_cb");
+	blame_chunk(&d->dstq, &d->srcq, start_b, start_a - start_b,
+		    start_b + count_b, d->parent);
+	d->offset = start_a + count_a - (start_b + count_b);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -772,34 +961,35 @@ static void blame_chunk_cb(void *data, long same, long p_next, long t_next)
  * for the lines it is suspected to its parent.  Run diff to find
  * which lines came from parent and pass blame for them.
  */
-static int pass_blame_to_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
-				struct origin *target,
-				struct origin *parent)
+static void pass_blame_to_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				 struct origin *target,
+				 struct origin *parent)
 {
-	int last_in_target;
 	mmfile_t file_p, file_o;
 	struct blame_chunk_cb_data d;
-	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
-	memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
-	d.sb = sb; d.target = target; d.parent = parent;
-	last_in_target = find_last_in_target(sb, target);
-	if (last_in_target < 0)
-		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+	struct blame_entry *newdest = NULL;
+
+	if (!target->suspects)
+		return; /* nothing remains for this target */
+
+	d.parent = parent;
+	d.offset = 0;
+	d.dstq = &newdest; d.srcq = &target->suspects;
 
 	fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, parent, &file_p);
 	fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, target, &file_o);
 	num_get_patch++;
 
-	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
-	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-	xecfg.ctxlen = 0;
-	xdi_diff_hunks(&file_p, &file_o, blame_chunk_cb, &d, &xpp, &xecfg);
-	/* The rest (i.e. anything after tlno) are the same as the parent */
-	blame_chunk(sb, d.tlno, d.plno, last_in_target, target, parent);
+	if (diff_hunks(&file_p, &file_o, 0, blame_chunk_cb, &d))
+		die("unable to generate diff (%s -> %s)",
+		    oid_to_hex(&parent->commit->object.oid),
+		    oid_to_hex(&target->commit->object.oid));
+	/* The rest are the same as the parent */
+	blame_chunk(&d.dstq, &d.srcq, INT_MAX, d.offset, INT_MAX, parent);
+	*d.dstq = NULL;
+	queue_blames(sb, parent, newdest);
 
-	return 0;
+	return;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -899,12 +1089,15 @@ struct handle_split_cb_data {
 	long tlno;
 };
 
-static void handle_split_cb(void *data, long same, long p_next, long t_next)
+static int handle_split_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
+			   long start_b, long count_b, void *data)
 {
 	struct handle_split_cb_data *d = data;
-	handle_split(d->sb, d->ent, d->tlno, d->plno, same, d->parent, d->split);
-	d->plno = p_next;
-	d->tlno = t_next;
+	handle_split(d->sb, d->ent, d->tlno, d->plno, start_b, d->parent,
+		     d->split);
+	d->plno = start_a + count_a;
+	d->tlno = start_b + count_b;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -919,11 +1112,9 @@ static void find_copy_in_blob(struct scoreboard *sb,
 			      mmfile_t *file_p)
 {
 	const char *cp;
-	int cnt;
 	mmfile_t file_o;
 	struct handle_split_cb_data d;
-	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+
 	memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
 	d.sb = sb; d.ent = ent; d.parent = parent; d.split = split;
 	/*
@@ -931,65 +1122,94 @@ static void find_copy_in_blob(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	 */
 	cp = nth_line(sb, ent->lno);
 	file_o.ptr = (char *) cp;
-	cnt = ent->num_lines;
-
-	while (cnt && cp < sb->final_buf + sb->final_buf_size) {
-		if (*cp++ == '\n')
-			cnt--;
-	}
-	file_o.size = cp - file_o.ptr;
+	file_o.size = nth_line(sb, ent->lno + ent->num_lines) - cp;
 
 	/*
 	 * file_o is a part of final image we are annotating.
 	 * file_p partially may match that image.
 	 */
-	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
-	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-	xecfg.ctxlen = 1;
 	memset(split, 0, sizeof(struct blame_entry [3]));
-	xdi_diff_hunks(file_p, &file_o, handle_split_cb, &d, &xpp, &xecfg);
+	if (diff_hunks(file_p, &file_o, 1, handle_split_cb, &d))
+		die("unable to generate diff (%s)",
+		    oid_to_hex(&parent->commit->object.oid));
 	/* remainder, if any, all match the preimage */
 	handle_split(sb, ent, d.tlno, d.plno, ent->num_lines, parent, split);
 }
 
+/* Move all blame entries from list *source that have a score smaller
+ * than score_min to the front of list *small.
+ * Returns a pointer to the link pointing to the old head of the small list.
+ */
+
+static struct blame_entry **filter_small(struct scoreboard *sb,
+					 struct blame_entry **small,
+					 struct blame_entry **source,
+					 unsigned score_min)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *p = *source;
+	struct blame_entry *oldsmall = *small;
+	while (p) {
+		if (ent_score(sb, p) <= score_min) {
+			*small = p;
+			small = &p->next;
+			p = *small;
+		} else {
+			*source = p;
+			source = &p->next;
+			p = *source;
+		}
+	}
+	*small = oldsmall;
+	*source = NULL;
+	return small;
+}
+
 /*
  * See if lines currently target is suspected for can be attributed to
  * parent.
  */
-static int find_move_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
-			       struct origin *target,
-			       struct origin *parent)
+static void find_move_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				struct blame_entry ***blamed,
+				struct blame_entry **toosmall,
+				struct origin *target,
+				struct origin *parent)
 {
-	int last_in_target, made_progress;
 	struct blame_entry *e, split[3];
+	struct blame_entry *unblamed = target->suspects;
+	struct blame_entry *leftover = NULL;
 	mmfile_t file_p;
 
-	last_in_target = find_last_in_target(sb, target);
-	if (last_in_target < 0)
-		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+	if (!unblamed)
+		return; /* nothing remains for this target */
 
 	fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, parent, &file_p);
 	if (!file_p.ptr)
-		return 0;
+		return;
 
-	made_progress = 1;
-	while (made_progress) {
-		made_progress = 0;
-		for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-			if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target) ||
-			    ent_score(sb, e) < blame_move_score)
-				continue;
+	/* At each iteration, unblamed has a NULL-terminated list of
+	 * entries that have not yet been tested for blame.  leftover
+	 * contains the reversed list of entries that have been tested
+	 * without being assignable to the parent.
+	 */
+	do {
+		struct blame_entry **unblamedtail = &unblamed;
+		struct blame_entry *next;
+		for (e = unblamed; e; e = next) {
+			next = e->next;
 			find_copy_in_blob(sb, e, parent, split, &file_p);
 			if (split[1].suspect &&
 			    blame_move_score < ent_score(sb, &split[1])) {
-				split_blame(sb, split, e);
-				made_progress = 1;
+				split_blame(blamed, &unblamedtail, split, e);
+			} else {
+				e->next = leftover;
+				leftover = e;
 			}
 			decref_split(split);
 		}
-	}
-	return 0;
+		*unblamedtail = NULL;
+		toosmall = filter_small(sb, toosmall, &unblamed, blame_move_score);
+	} while (unblamed);
+	target->suspects = reverse_blame(leftover, NULL);
 }
 
 struct blame_list {
@@ -1001,72 +1221,52 @@ struct blame_list {
  * Count the number of entries the target is suspected for,
  * and prepare a list of entry and the best split.
  */
-static struct blame_list *setup_blame_list(struct scoreboard *sb,
-					   struct origin *target,
-					   int min_score,
+static struct blame_list *setup_blame_list(struct blame_entry *unblamed,
 					   int *num_ents_p)
 {
 	struct blame_entry *e;
 	int num_ents, i;
 	struct blame_list *blame_list = NULL;
 
-	for (e = sb->ent, num_ents = 0; e; e = e->next)
-		if (!e->scanned && !e->guilty &&
-		    same_suspect(e->suspect, target) &&
-		    min_score < ent_score(sb, e))
-			num_ents++;
+	for (e = unblamed, num_ents = 0; e; e = e->next)
+		num_ents++;
 	if (num_ents) {
 		blame_list = xcalloc(num_ents, sizeof(struct blame_list));
-		for (e = sb->ent, i = 0; e; e = e->next)
-			if (!e->scanned && !e->guilty &&
-			    same_suspect(e->suspect, target) &&
-			    min_score < ent_score(sb, e))
-				blame_list[i++].ent = e;
+		for (e = unblamed, i = 0; e; e = e->next)
+			blame_list[i++].ent = e;
 	}
 	*num_ents_p = num_ents;
 	return blame_list;
 }
 
 /*
- * Reset the scanned status on all entries.
- */
-static void reset_scanned_flag(struct scoreboard *sb)
-{
-	struct blame_entry *e;
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next)
-		e->scanned = 0;
-}
-
-/*
  * For lines target is suspected for, see if we can find code movement
  * across file boundary from the parent commit.  porigin is the path
  * in the parent we already tried.
  */
-static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
-			       struct origin *target,
-			       struct commit *parent,
-			       struct origin *porigin,
-			       int opt)
+static void find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				struct blame_entry ***blamed,
+				struct blame_entry **toosmall,
+				struct origin *target,
+				struct commit *parent,
+				struct origin *porigin,
+				int opt)
 {
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
-	const char *paths[1];
 	int i, j;
-	int retval;
 	struct blame_list *blame_list;
 	int num_ents;
+	struct blame_entry *unblamed = target->suspects;
+	struct blame_entry *leftover = NULL;
 
-	blame_list = setup_blame_list(sb, target, blame_copy_score, &num_ents);
-	if (!blame_list)
-		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+	if (!unblamed)
+		return; /* nothing remains for this target */
 
 	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	/* Try "find copies harder" on new path if requested;
 	 * we do not want to use diffcore_rename() actually to
@@ -1080,19 +1280,19 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 		&& (!porigin || strcmp(target->path, porigin->path))))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 
-	if (is_null_sha1(target->commit->object.sha1))
-		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
+	if (is_null_oid(&target->commit->object.oid))
+		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.oid.hash, &diff_opts);
 	else
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
-			       target->commit->tree->object.sha1,
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.oid.hash,
+			       target->commit->tree->object.oid.hash,
 			       "", &diff_opts);
 
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
 		diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
 
-	retval = 0;
-	while (1) {
-		int made_progress = 0;
+	do {
+		struct blame_entry **unblamedtail = &unblamed;
+		blame_list = setup_blame_list(unblamed, &num_ents);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
@@ -1129,27 +1329,21 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 			struct blame_entry *split = blame_list[j].split;
 			if (split[1].suspect &&
 			    blame_copy_score < ent_score(sb, &split[1])) {
-				split_blame(sb, split, blame_list[j].ent);
-				made_progress = 1;
+				split_blame(blamed, &unblamedtail, split,
+					    blame_list[j].ent);
+			} else {
+				blame_list[j].ent->next = leftover;
+				leftover = blame_list[j].ent;
 			}
-			else
-				blame_list[j].ent->scanned = 1;
 			decref_split(split);
 		}
 		free(blame_list);
-
-		if (!made_progress)
-			break;
-		blame_list = setup_blame_list(sb, target, blame_copy_score, &num_ents);
-		if (!blame_list) {
-			retval = 1;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	reset_scanned_flag(sb);
+		*unblamedtail = NULL;
+		toosmall = filter_small(sb, toosmall, &unblamed, blame_copy_score);
+	} while (unblamed);
+	target->suspects = reverse_blame(leftover, NULL);
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
-	return retval;
+	clear_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1159,20 +1353,21 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 static void pass_whole_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
 			     struct origin *origin, struct origin *porigin)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *e;
+	struct blame_entry *e, *suspects;
 
 	if (!porigin->file.ptr && origin->file.ptr) {
 		/* Steal its file */
 		porigin->file = origin->file;
 		origin->file.ptr = NULL;
 	}
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-		if (!same_suspect(e->suspect, origin))
-			continue;
+	suspects = origin->suspects;
+	origin->suspects = NULL;
+	for (e = suspects; e; e = e->next) {
 		origin_incref(porigin);
 		origin_decref(e->suspect);
 		e->suspect = porigin;
 	}
+	queue_blames(sb, porigin, suspects);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1182,18 +1377,43 @@ static void pass_whole_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
  */
 static struct commit_list *first_scapegoat(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	if (!reverse)
+	if (!reverse) {
+		if (revs->first_parent_only &&
+		    commit->parents &&
+		    commit->parents->next) {
+			free_commit_list(commit->parents->next);
+			commit->parents->next = NULL;
+		}
 		return commit->parents;
+	}
 	return lookup_decoration(&revs->children, &commit->object);
 }
 
 static int num_scapegoats(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	int cnt;
 	struct commit_list *l = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
-	for (cnt = 0; l; l = l->next)
-		cnt++;
-	return cnt;
+	return commit_list_count(l);
+}
+
+/* Distribute collected unsorted blames to the respected sorted lists
+ * in the various origins.
+ */
+static void distribute_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *blamed)
+{
+	blamed = blame_sort(blamed, compare_blame_suspect);
+	while (blamed)
+	{
+		struct origin *porigin = blamed->suspect;
+		struct blame_entry *suspects = NULL;
+		do {
+			struct blame_entry *next = blamed->next;
+			blamed->next = suspects;
+			suspects = blamed;
+			blamed = next;
+		} while (blamed && blamed->suspect == porigin);
+		suspects = reverse_blame(suspects, NULL);
+		queue_blames(sb, porigin, suspects);
+	}
 }
 
 #define MAXSG 16
@@ -1206,6 +1426,8 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
 	struct commit_list *sg;
 	struct origin *sg_buf[MAXSG];
 	struct origin *porigin, **sg_origin = sg_buf;
+	struct blame_entry *toosmall = NULL;
+	struct blame_entry *blames, **blametail = &blames;
 
 	num_sg = num_scapegoats(revs, commit);
 	if (!num_sg)
@@ -1219,7 +1441,7 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
 	 * The first pass looks for unrenamed path to optimize for
 	 * common cases, then we look for renames in the second pass.
 	 */
-	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2 - no_whole_file_rename; pass++) {
 		struct origin *(*find)(struct scoreboard *,
 				       struct commit *, struct origin *);
 		find = pass ? find_rename : find_origin;
@@ -1267,38 +1489,71 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
 			origin_incref(porigin);
 			origin->previous = porigin;
 		}
-		if (pass_blame_to_parent(sb, origin, porigin))
+		pass_blame_to_parent(sb, origin, porigin);
+		if (!origin->suspects)
 			goto finish;
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Optionally find moves in parents' files.
 	 */
-	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE)
-		for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
-		     i < num_sg && sg;
-		     sg = sg->next, i++) {
-			struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
-			if (!porigin)
-				continue;
-			if (find_move_in_parent(sb, origin, porigin))
-				goto finish;
+	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE) {
+		filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, blame_move_score);
+		if (origin->suspects) {
+			for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
+			     i < num_sg && sg;
+			     sg = sg->next, i++) {
+				struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
+				if (!porigin)
+					continue;
+				find_move_in_parent(sb, &blametail, &toosmall, origin, porigin);
+				if (!origin->suspects)
+					break;
+			}
 		}
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Optionally find copies from parents' files.
 	 */
-	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY)
+	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY) {
+		if (blame_copy_score > blame_move_score)
+			filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, blame_copy_score);
+		else if (blame_copy_score < blame_move_score) {
+			origin->suspects = blame_merge(origin->suspects, toosmall);
+			toosmall = NULL;
+			filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, blame_copy_score);
+		}
+		if (!origin->suspects)
+			goto finish;
+
 		for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
 		     i < num_sg && sg;
 		     sg = sg->next, i++) {
 			struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
-			if (find_copy_in_parent(sb, origin, sg->item,
-						porigin, opt))
+			find_copy_in_parent(sb, &blametail, &toosmall,
+					    origin, sg->item, porigin, opt);
+			if (!origin->suspects)
 				goto finish;
 		}
+	}
 
- finish:
+finish:
+	*blametail = NULL;
+	distribute_blame(sb, blames);
+	/*
+	 * prepend toosmall to origin->suspects
+	 *
+	 * There is no point in sorting: this ends up on a big
+	 * unsorted list in the caller anyway.
+	 */
+	if (toosmall) {
+		struct blame_entry **tail = &toosmall;
+		while (*tail)
+			tail = &(*tail)->next;
+		*tail = origin->suspects;
+		origin->suspects = toosmall;
+	}
 	for (i = 0; i < num_sg; i++) {
 		if (sg_origin[i]) {
 			drop_origin_blob(sg_origin[i]);
@@ -1314,30 +1569,31 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
  * Information on commits, used for output.
  */
 struct commit_info {
-	const char *author;
-	const char *author_mail;
+	struct strbuf author;
+	struct strbuf author_mail;
 	unsigned long author_time;
-	const char *author_tz;
+	struct strbuf author_tz;
 
 	/* filled only when asked for details */
-	const char *committer;
-	const char *committer_mail;
+	struct strbuf committer;
+	struct strbuf committer_mail;
 	unsigned long committer_time;
-	const char *committer_tz;
+	struct strbuf committer_tz;
 
-	const char *summary;
+	struct strbuf summary;
 };
 
 /*
  * Parse author/committer line in the commit object buffer
  */
 static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
-			int person_len, char *person,
-			int mail_len, char *mail,
-			unsigned long *time, const char **tz)
+	struct strbuf *name, struct strbuf *mail,
+	unsigned long *time, struct strbuf *tz)
 {
-	int len, tzlen, maillen;
-	char *tmp, *endp, *timepos, *mailpos;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	size_t len, maillen, namelen;
+	char *tmp, *endp;
+	const char *namebuf, *mailbuf;
 
 	tmp = strstr(inbuf, what);
 	if (!tmp)
@@ -1348,69 +1604,66 @@ static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
 		len = strlen(tmp);
 	else
 		len = endp - tmp;
-	if (person_len <= len) {
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, tmp, len)) {
 	error_out:
 		/* Ugh */
-		*tz = "(unknown)";
-		strcpy(person, *tz);
-		strcpy(mail, *tz);
+		tmp = "(unknown)";
+		strbuf_addstr(name, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(mail, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, tmp);
 		*time = 0;
 		return;
 	}
-	memcpy(person, tmp, len);
 
-	tmp = person;
-	tmp += len;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*tz = tmp+1;
-	tzlen = (person+len)-(tmp+1);
-
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*time = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 10);
-	timepos = tmp;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && !(*tmp == ' ' && tmp[1] == '<'))
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		return;
-	mailpos = tmp + 1;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	maillen = timepos - tmp;
-	memcpy(mail, mailpos, maillen);
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
 
-	if (!mailmap.nr)
-		return;
+	if (ident.date_begin && ident.date_end)
+		*time = strtoul(ident.date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	else
+		*time = 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * mailmap expansion may make the name longer.
-	 * make room by pushing stuff down.
-	 */
-	tmp = person + person_len - (tzlen + 1);
-	memmove(tmp, *tz, tzlen);
-	tmp[tzlen] = 0;
-	*tz = tmp;
+	if (ident.tz_begin && ident.tz_end)
+		strbuf_add(tz, ident.tz_begin, ident.tz_end - ident.tz_begin);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, "(unknown)");
 
 	/*
 	 * Now, convert both name and e-mail using mailmap
 	 */
-	if (map_user(&mailmap, mail+1, mail_len-1, person, tmp-person-1)) {
-		/* Add a trailing '>' to email, since map_user returns plain emails
-		   Note: It already has '<', since we replace from mail+1 */
-		mailpos = memchr(mail, '\0', mail_len);
-		if (mailpos && mailpos-mail < mail_len - 1) {
-			*mailpos = '>';
-			*(mailpos+1) = '\0';
-		}
-	}
+	map_user(&mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen,
+		 &namebuf, &namelen);
+
+	strbuf_addf(mail, "<%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
+	strbuf_add(name, namebuf, namelen);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_init(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->summary, 0);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_destroy(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->summary);
 }
 
 static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
@@ -1418,57 +1671,33 @@ static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
 			    int detailed)
 {
 	int len;
-	const char *subject;
-	char *reencoded, *message;
-	static char author_name[1024];
-	static char author_mail[1024];
-	static char committer_name[1024];
-	static char committer_mail[1024];
-	static char summary_buf[1024];
+	const char *subject, *encoding;
+	const char *message;
 
-	/*
-	 * We've operated without save_commit_buffer, so
-	 * we now need to populate them for output.
-	 */
-	if (!commit->buffer) {
-		enum object_type type;
-		unsigned long size;
-		commit->buffer =
-			read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!commit->buffer)
-			die("Cannot read commit %s",
-			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, NULL);
-	message   = reencoded ? reencoded : commit->buffer;
-	ret->author = author_name;
-	ret->author_mail = author_mail;
+	commit_info_init(ret);
+
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 	get_ac_line(message, "\nauthor ",
-		    sizeof(author_name), author_name,
-		    sizeof(author_mail), author_mail,
+		    &ret->author, &ret->author_mail,
 		    &ret->author_time, &ret->author_tz);
 
 	if (!detailed) {
-		free(reencoded);
+		unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	ret->committer = committer_name;
-	ret->committer_mail = committer_mail;
 	get_ac_line(message, "\ncommitter ",
-		    sizeof(committer_name), committer_name,
-		    sizeof(committer_mail), committer_mail,
+		    &ret->committer, &ret->committer_mail,
 		    &ret->committer_time, &ret->committer_tz);
 
-	ret->summary = summary_buf;
 	len = find_commit_subject(message, &subject);
-	if (len && len < sizeof(summary_buf)) {
-		memcpy(summary_buf, subject, len);
-		summary_buf[len] = 0;
-	} else {
-		sprintf(summary_buf, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	free(reencoded);
+	if (len)
+		strbuf_add(&ret->summary, subject, len);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(&ret->summary, "(%s)", oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1496,75 +1725,84 @@ static int emit_one_suspect_detail(struct origin *suspect, int repeat)
 
 	suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 	get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
-	printf("author %s\n", ci.author);
-	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail);
+	printf("author %s\n", ci.author.buf);
+	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail.buf);
 	printf("author-time %lu\n", ci.author_time);
-	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz);
-	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer);
-	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail);
+	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz.buf);
+	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer.buf);
+	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail.buf);
 	printf("committer-time %lu\n", ci.committer_time);
-	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz);
-	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary);
+	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz.buf);
+	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary.buf);
 	if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		printf("boundary\n");
 	if (suspect->previous) {
 		struct origin *prev = suspect->previous;
-		printf("previous %s ", sha1_to_hex(prev->commit->object.sha1));
+		printf("previous %s ", oid_to_hex(&prev->commit->object.oid));
 		write_name_quoted(prev->path, stdout, '\n');
 	}
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
+
 	return 1;
 }
 
 /*
- * The blame_entry is found to be guilty for the range.  Mark it
- * as such, and show it in incremental output.
+ * The blame_entry is found to be guilty for the range.
+ * Show it in incremental output.
  */
-static void found_guilty_entry(struct blame_entry *ent)
+static void found_guilty_entry(struct blame_entry *ent,
+			   struct progress_info *pi)
 {
-	if (ent->guilty)
-		return;
-	ent->guilty = 1;
 	if (incremental) {
 		struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
 
 		printf("%s %d %d %d\n",
-		       sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1),
+		       oid_to_hex(&suspect->commit->object.oid),
 		       ent->s_lno + 1, ent->lno + 1, ent->num_lines);
 		emit_one_suspect_detail(suspect, 0);
 		write_filename_info(suspect->path);
 		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
 	}
+	pi->blamed_lines += ent->num_lines;
+	display_progress(pi->progress, pi->blamed_lines);
 }
 
 /*
- * The main loop -- while the scoreboard has lines whose true origin
- * is still unknown, pick one blame_entry, and allow its current
- * suspect to pass blames to its parents.
- */
+ * The main loop -- while we have blobs with lines whose true origin
+ * is still unknown, pick one blob, and allow its lines to pass blames
+ * to its parents. */
 static void assign_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, int opt)
 {
 	struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
+	struct commit *commit = prio_queue_get(&sb->commits);
+	struct progress_info pi = { NULL, 0 };
 
-	while (1) {
+	if (show_progress)
+		pi.progress = start_progress_delay(_("Blaming lines"),
+						   sb->num_lines, 50, 1);
+
+	while (commit) {
 		struct blame_entry *ent;
-		struct commit *commit;
-		struct origin *suspect = NULL;
+		struct origin *suspect = commit->util;
 
 		/* find one suspect to break down */
-		for (ent = sb->ent; !suspect && ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (!ent->guilty)
-				suspect = ent->suspect;
-		if (!suspect)
-			return; /* all done */
+		while (suspect && !suspect->suspects)
+			suspect = suspect->next;
+
+		if (!suspect) {
+			commit = prio_queue_get(&sb->commits);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		assert(commit == suspect->commit);
 
 		/*
 		 * We will use this suspect later in the loop,
 		 * so hold onto it in the meantime.
 		 */
 		origin_incref(suspect);
-		commit = suspect->commit;
-		if (!commit->object.parsed)
-			parse_commit(commit);
+		parse_commit(commit);
 		if (reverse ||
 		    (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
 		     !(revs->max_age != -1 && commit->date < revs->max_age)))
@@ -1579,35 +1817,57 @@ static void assign_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, int opt)
 			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 
 		/* Take responsibility for the remaining entries */
-		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (same_suspect(ent->suspect, suspect))
-				found_guilty_entry(ent);
+		ent = suspect->suspects;
+		if (ent) {
+			suspect->guilty = 1;
+			for (;;) {
+				struct blame_entry *next = ent->next;
+				found_guilty_entry(ent, &pi);
+				if (next) {
+					ent = next;
+					continue;
+				}
+				ent->next = sb->ent;
+				sb->ent = suspect->suspects;
+				suspect->suspects = NULL;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
 		origin_decref(suspect);
 
 		if (DEBUG) /* sanity */
 			sanity_check_refcnt(sb);
 	}
+
+	stop_progress(&pi.progress);
 }
 
 static const char *format_time(unsigned long time, const char *tz_str,
 			       int show_raw_time)
 {
-	static char time_buf[128];
-	const char *time_str;
-	int time_len;
-	int tz;
+	static struct strbuf time_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	strbuf_reset(&time_buf);
 	if (show_raw_time) {
-		snprintf(time_buf, sizeof(time_buf), "%lu %s", time, tz_str);
+		strbuf_addf(&time_buf, "%lu %s", time, tz_str);
 	}
 	else {
+		const char *time_str;
+		size_t time_width;
+		int tz;
 		tz = atoi(tz_str);
-		time_str = show_date(time, tz, blame_date_mode);
-		time_len = strlen(time_str);
-		memcpy(time_buf, time_str, time_len);
-		memset(time_buf + time_len, ' ', blame_date_width - time_len);
+		time_str = show_date(time, tz, &blame_date_mode);
+		strbuf_addstr(&time_buf, time_str);
+		/*
+		 * Add space paddings to time_buf to display a fixed width
+		 * string, and use time_width for display width calibration.
+		 */
+		for (time_width = utf8_strwidth(time_str);
+		     time_width < blame_date_width;
+		     time_width++)
+			strbuf_addch(&time_buf, ' ');
 	}
-	return time_buf;
+	return time_buf.buf;
 }
 
 #define OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT	001
@@ -1635,12 +1895,11 @@ static void emit_porcelain(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent,
 	int cnt;
 	const char *cp;
 	struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
-	char hex[41];
+	char hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
 
-	strcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1));
-	printf("%s%c%d %d %d\n",
+	sha1_to_hex_r(hex, suspect->commit->object.oid.hash);
+	printf("%s %d %d %d\n",
 	       hex,
-	       ent->guilty ? ' ' : '*', /* purely for debugging */
 	       ent->s_lno + 1,
 	       ent->lno + 1,
 	       ent->num_lines);
@@ -1674,11 +1933,11 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 	const char *cp;
 	struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
 	struct commit_info ci;
-	char hex[41];
+	char hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
 	int show_raw_time = !!(opt & OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP);
 
 	get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
-	strcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1));
+	sha1_to_hex_r(hex, suspect->commit->object.oid.hash);
 
 	cp = nth_line(sb, ent->lno);
 	for (cnt = 0; cnt < ent->num_lines; cnt++) {
@@ -1698,11 +1957,11 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 		if (opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT) {
 			const char *name;
 			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				name = ci.author_mail;
+				name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 			else
-				name = ci.author;
+				name = ci.author.buf;
 			printf("\t(%10s\t%10s\t%d)", name,
-			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz,
+			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz.buf,
 					   show_raw_time),
 			       ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
 		} else {
@@ -1721,14 +1980,14 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 				const char *name;
 				int pad;
 				if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-					name = ci.author_mail;
+					name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 				else
-					name = ci.author;
+					name = ci.author.buf;
 				pad = longest_author - utf8_strwidth(name);
 				printf(" (%s%*s %10s",
 				       name, pad, "",
 				       format_time(ci.author_time,
-						   ci.author_tz,
+						   ci.author_tz.buf,
 						   show_raw_time));
 			}
 			printf(" %*d) ",
@@ -1743,6 +2002,8 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 
 	if (sb->final_buf_size && cp[-1] != '\n')
 		putchar('\n');
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 }
 
 static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
@@ -1751,17 +2012,16 @@ static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
 
 	if (option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN) {
 		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
-			struct blame_entry *oth;
-			struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
-			struct commit *commit = suspect->commit;
+			int count = 0;
+			struct origin *suspect;
+			struct commit *commit = ent->suspect->commit;
 			if (commit->object.flags & MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH)
 				continue;
-			for (oth = ent->next; oth; oth = oth->next) {
-				if ((oth->suspect->commit != commit) ||
-				    !strcmp(oth->suspect->path, suspect->path))
-					continue;
-				commit->object.flags |= MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH;
-				break;
+			for (suspect = commit->util; suspect; suspect = suspect->next) {
+				if (suspect->guilty && count++) {
+					commit->object.flags |= MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH;
+					break;
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1775,6 +2035,12 @@ static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
 	}
 }
 
+static const char *get_next_line(const char *start, const char *end)
+{
+	const char *nl = memchr(start, '\n', end - start);
+	return nl ? nl + 1 : end;
+}
+
 /*
  * To allow quick access to the contents of nth line in the
  * final image, prepare an index in the scoreboard.
@@ -1783,26 +2049,23 @@ static int prepare_lines(struct scoreboard *sb)
 {
 	const char *buf = sb->final_buf;
 	unsigned long len = sb->final_buf_size;
-	int num = 0, incomplete = 0, bol = 1;
-
-	if (len && buf[len-1] != '\n')
-		incomplete++; /* incomplete line at the end */
-	while (len--) {
-		if (bol) {
-			sb->lineno = xrealloc(sb->lineno,
-					      sizeof(int *) * (num + 1));
-			sb->lineno[num] = buf - sb->final_buf;
-			bol = 0;
-		}
-		if (*buf++ == '\n') {
-			num++;
-			bol = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	sb->lineno = xrealloc(sb->lineno,
-			      sizeof(int *) * (num + incomplete + 1));
-	sb->lineno[num + incomplete] = buf - sb->final_buf;
-	sb->num_lines = num + incomplete;
+	const char *end = buf + len;
+	const char *p;
+	int *lineno;
+	int num = 0;
+
+	for (p = buf; p < end; p = get_next_line(p, end))
+		num++;
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(sb->lineno, num + 1);
+	lineno = sb->lineno;
+
+	for (p = buf; p < end; p = get_next_line(p, end))
+		*lineno++ = p - buf;
+
+	*lineno = len;
+
+	sb->num_lines = num;
 	return sb->num_lines;
 }
 
@@ -1814,30 +2077,28 @@ static int prepare_lines(struct scoreboard *sb)
 static int read_ancestry(const char *graft_file)
 {
 	FILE *fp = fopen(graft_file, "r");
-	char buf[1024];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!fp)
 		return -1;
-	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, fp, '\n')) {
 		/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
-		int len = strlen(buf);
-		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf, len);
+		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
 		if (graft)
 			register_commit_graft(graft, 0);
 	}
 	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * How many columns do we need to show line numbers in decimal?
- */
-static int lineno_width(int lines)
+static int update_auto_abbrev(int auto_abbrev, struct origin *suspect)
 {
-	int i, width;
-
-	for (width = 1, i = 10; i <= lines; width++)
-		i *= 10;
-	return width;
+	const char *uniq = find_unique_abbrev(suspect->commit->object.oid.hash,
+					      auto_abbrev);
+	int len = strlen(uniq);
+	if (auto_abbrev < len)
+		return len;
+	return auto_abbrev;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1850,26 +2111,31 @@ static void find_alignment(struct scoreboard *sb, int *option)
 	int longest_dst_lines = 0;
 	unsigned largest_score = 0;
 	struct blame_entry *e;
+	int compute_auto_abbrev = (abbrev < 0);
+	int auto_abbrev = default_abbrev;
 
 	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
 		struct origin *suspect = e->suspect;
-		struct commit_info ci;
 		int num;
 
+		if (compute_auto_abbrev)
+			auto_abbrev = update_auto_abbrev(auto_abbrev, suspect);
 		if (strcmp(suspect->path, sb->path))
 			*option |= OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME;
 		num = strlen(suspect->path);
 		if (longest_file < num)
 			longest_file = num;
 		if (!(suspect->commit->object.flags & METAINFO_SHOWN)) {
+			struct commit_info ci;
 			suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 			get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
 			if (*option & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail.buf);
 			else
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author.buf);
 			if (longest_author < num)
 				longest_author = num;
+			commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 		}
 		num = e->s_lno + e->num_lines;
 		if (longest_src_lines < num)
@@ -1880,9 +2146,13 @@ static void find_alignment(struct scoreboard *sb, int *option)
 		if (largest_score < ent_score(sb, e))
 			largest_score = ent_score(sb, e);
 	}
-	max_orig_digits = lineno_width(longest_src_lines);
-	max_digits = lineno_width(longest_dst_lines);
-	max_score_digits = lineno_width(largest_score);
+	max_orig_digits = decimal_width(longest_src_lines);
+	max_digits = decimal_width(longest_dst_lines);
+	max_score_digits = decimal_width(largest_score);
+
+	if (compute_auto_abbrev)
+		/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
+		abbrev = auto_abbrev + 1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1899,7 +2169,7 @@ static void sanity_check_refcnt(struct scoreboard *sb)
 		if (ent->suspect->refcnt <= 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s in %s has negative refcnt %d\n",
 				ent->suspect->path,
-				sha1_to_hex(ent->suspect->commit->object.sha1),
+				oid_to_hex(&ent->suspect->commit->object.oid),
 				ent->suspect->refcnt);
 			baa = 1;
 		}
@@ -1912,16 +2182,6 @@ static void sanity_check_refcnt(struct scoreboard *sb)
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * Used for the command line parsing; check if the path exists
- * in the working tree.
- */
-static int has_string_in_work_tree(const char *path)
-{
-	struct stat st;
-	return !lstat(path, &st);
-}
-
 static unsigned parse_score(const char *arg)
 {
 	char *end;
@@ -1936,103 +2196,6 @@ static const char *add_prefix(const char *prefix, const char *path)
 	return prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0, path);
 }
 
-/*
- * Parsing of (comma separated) one item in the -L option
- */
-static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec,
-			     struct scoreboard *sb, long lno,
-			     long begin, long *ret)
-{
-	char *term;
-	const char *line;
-	long num;
-	int reg_error;
-	regex_t regexp;
-	regmatch_t match[1];
-
-	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
-	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
-	 * <something>.
-	 */
-	if (1 < begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
-		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
-		if (term != spec + 1) {
-			if (spec[0] == '-')
-				num = 0 - num;
-			if (0 < num)
-				*ret = begin + num - 2;
-			else if (!num)
-				*ret = begin;
-			else
-				*ret = begin + num;
-			return term;
-		}
-		return spec;
-	}
-	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
-	if (term != spec) {
-		*ret = num;
-		return term;
-	}
-	if (spec[0] != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
-	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
-		if (*term == '\\')
-			term++;
-	}
-	if (*term != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
-	*term = 0;
-	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
-	line = nth_line(sb, begin);
-
-	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
-	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
-		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
-		const char *nline;
-
-		while (begin++ < lno) {
-			nline = nth_line(sb, begin);
-			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
-				break;
-			line = nline;
-		}
-		*ret = begin;
-		regfree(&regexp);
-		*term++ = '/';
-		return term;
-	}
-	else {
-		char errbuf[1024];
-		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
-		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", spec + 1, errbuf);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Parsing of -L option
- */
-static void prepare_blame_range(struct scoreboard *sb,
-				const char *bottomtop,
-				long lno,
-				long *bottom, long *top)
-{
-	const char *term;
-
-	term = parse_loc(bottomtop, sb, lno, 1, bottom);
-	if (*term == ',') {
-		term = parse_loc(term + 1, sb, lno, *bottom + 1, top);
-		if (*term)
-			usage(blame_usage);
-	}
-	if (*term)
-		usage(blame_usage);
-}
-
 static int git_blame_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.showroot")) {
@@ -2043,25 +2206,87 @@ static int git_blame_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		blank_boundary = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.showemail")) {
+		int *output_option = cb;
+		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
+			*output_option |= OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL;
+		else
+			*output_option &= ~OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.date")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		blame_date_mode = parse_date_format(value);
+		parse_date_format(value, &blame_date_mode);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	switch (userdiff_config(var, value)) {
-	case 0:
-		break;
-	case -1:
+	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	default:
-		return 0;
-	}
 
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static void verify_working_tree_path(struct commit *work_tree, const char *path)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	for (parents = work_tree->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+		const unsigned char *commit_sha1 = parents->item->object.oid.hash;
+		unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
+		unsigned mode;
+
+		if (!get_tree_entry(commit_sha1, path, blob_sha1, &mode) &&
+		    sha1_object_info(blob_sha1, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
+			return;
+	}
+	die("no such path '%s' in HEAD", path);
+}
+
+static struct commit_list **append_parent(struct commit_list **tail, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *parent;
+
+	parent = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!parent)
+		die("no such commit %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	return &commit_list_insert(parent, tail)->next;
+}
+
+static void append_merge_parents(struct commit_list **tail)
+{
+	int merge_head;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	merge_head = open(git_path_merge_head(), O_RDONLY);
+	if (merge_head < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return;
+		die("cannot open '%s' for reading", git_path_merge_head());
+	}
+
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&line, merge_head, '\n')) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (line.len < 40 || get_sha1_hex(line.buf, sha1))
+			die("unknown line in '%s': %s", git_path_merge_head(), line.buf);
+		tail = append_parent(tail, sha1);
+	}
+	close(merge_head);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This isn't as simple as passing sb->buf and sb->len, because we
+ * want to transfer ownership of the buffer to the commit (so we
+ * must use detach).
+ */
+static void set_commit_buffer_from_strbuf(struct commit *c, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	void *buf = strbuf_detach(sb, &len);
+	set_commit_buffer(c, buf, len);
+}
+
 /*
  * Prepare a dummy commit that represents the work tree (or staged) item.
  * Note that annotating work tree item never works in the reverse.
@@ -2072,6 +2297,7 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct origin *origin;
+	struct commit_list **parent_tail, *parent;
 	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *ident;
@@ -2079,20 +2305,38 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 	int size, len;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	unsigned mode;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (get_sha1("HEAD", head_sha1))
-		die("No such ref: HEAD");
-
+	read_cache();
 	time(&now);
-	commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit));
-	commit->parents = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit->parents));
-	commit->parents->item = lookup_commit_reference(head_sha1);
+	commit = alloc_commit_node();
 	commit->object.parsed = 1;
 	commit->date = now;
-	commit->object.type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+	parent_tail = &commit->parents;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL))
+		die("no such ref: HEAD");
+
+	parent_tail = append_parent(parent_tail, head_sha1);
+	append_merge_parents(parent_tail);
+	verify_working_tree_path(commit, path);
 
 	origin = make_origin(commit, path);
 
+	ident = fmt_ident("Not Committed Yet", "not.committed.yet", NULL, 0);
+	strbuf_addstr(&msg, "tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n");
+	for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next)
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, "parent %s\n",
+			    oid_to_hex(&parent->item->object.oid));
+	strbuf_addf(&msg,
+		    "author %s\n"
+		    "committer %s\n\n"
+		    "Version of %s from %s\n",
+		    ident, ident, path,
+		    (!contents_from ? path :
+		     (!strcmp(contents_from, "-") ? "standard input" : contents_from)));
+	set_commit_buffer_from_strbuf(commit, &msg);
+
 	if (!contents_from || strcmp("-", contents_from)) {
 		struct stat st;
 		const char *read_from;
@@ -2114,7 +2358,7 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 		switch (st.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 		case S_IFREG:
 			if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-			    textconv_object(read_from, mode, null_sha1, &buf_ptr, &buf_len))
+			    textconv_object(read_from, mode, null_sha1, 0, &buf_ptr, &buf_len))
 				strbuf_attach(&buf, buf_ptr, buf_len, buf_len + 1);
 			else if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, read_from, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
 				die_errno("cannot open or read '%s'", read_from);
@@ -2129,7 +2373,6 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 	}
 	else {
 		/* Reading from stdin */
-		contents_from = "standard input";
 		mode = 0;
 		if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
 			die_errno("failed to read from stdin");
@@ -2138,7 +2381,6 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 	origin->file.ptr = buf.buf;
 	origin->file.size = buf.len;
 	pretend_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, OBJ_BLOB, origin->blob_sha1);
-	commit->util = origin;
 
 	/*
 	 * Read the current index, replace the path entry with
@@ -2162,59 +2404,49 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, origin->blob_sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 
-	/*
-	 * We are not going to write this out, so this does not matter
-	 * right now, but someday we might optimize diff-index --cached
-	 * with cache-tree information.
-	 */
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(&the_index, path);
 
-	commit->buffer = xmalloc(400);
-	ident = fmt_ident("Not Committed Yet", "not.committed.yet", NULL, 0);
-	snprintf(commit->buffer, 400,
-		"tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n"
-		"parent %s\n"
-		"author %s\n"
-		"committer %s\n\n"
-		"Version of %s from %s\n",
-		sha1_to_hex(head_sha1),
-		ident, ident, path, contents_from ? contents_from : path);
 	return commit;
 }
 
-static const char *prepare_final(struct scoreboard *sb)
+static struct commit *find_single_final(struct rev_info *revs,
+					const char **name_p)
 {
 	int i;
-	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
-	struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
+	struct commit *found = NULL;
+	const char *name = NULL;
 
-	/*
-	 * There must be one and only one positive commit in the
-	 * revs->pending array.
-	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
 		struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
 		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			continue;
-		while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
-			obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
 		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 			die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
-		if (sb->final)
+		if (found)
 			die("More than one commit to dig from %s and %s?",
-			    revs->pending.objects[i].name,
-			    final_commit_name);
-		sb->final = (struct commit *) obj;
-		final_commit_name = revs->pending.objects[i].name;
+			    revs->pending.objects[i].name, name);
+		found = (struct commit *)obj;
+		name = revs->pending.objects[i].name;
 	}
-	return final_commit_name;
+	if (name_p)
+		*name_p = name;
+	return found;
+}
+
+static char *prepare_final(struct scoreboard *sb)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	sb->final = find_single_final(sb->revs, &name);
+	return xstrdup_or_null(name);
 }
 
-static const char *prepare_initial(struct scoreboard *sb)
+static char *prepare_initial(struct scoreboard *sb)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
@@ -2228,8 +2460,7 @@ static const char *prepare_initial(struct scoreboard *sb)
 		struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
 		if (!(obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
 			continue;
-		while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
-			obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
 		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 			die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
 		if (sb->final)
@@ -2241,7 +2472,7 @@ static const char *prepare_initial(struct scoreboard *sb)
 	}
 	if (!final_commit_name)
 		die("No commit to dig down to?");
-	return final_commit_name;
+	return xstrdup(final_commit_name);
 }
 
 static int blame_copy_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -2277,68 +2508,65 @@ static int blame_move_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int blame_bottomtop_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	const char **bottomtop = option->value;
-	if (!arg)
-		return -1;
-	if (*bottomtop)
-		die("More than one '-L n,m' option given");
-	*bottomtop = arg;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	const char *path;
 	struct scoreboard sb;
 	struct origin *o;
-	struct blame_entry *ent;
-	long dashdash_pos, bottom, top, lno;
-	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
+	struct blame_entry *ent = NULL;
+	long dashdash_pos, lno;
+	char *final_commit_name = NULL;
 	enum object_type type;
-
-	static const char *bottomtop = NULL;
-	static int output_option = 0, opt = 0;
-	static int show_stats = 0;
-	static const char *revs_file = NULL;
-	static const char *contents_from = NULL;
-	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "incremental", &incremental, "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, "Show work cost statistics"),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, "Show output score for blame entries", OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
-		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, "Show original filename (Default: auto)", OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
-		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, "Show original linenumber (Default: off)", OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
-		OPT_BIT('p', "porcelain", &output_option, "Show in a format designed for machine consumption", OUTPUT_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "line-porcelain", &output_option, "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information", OUTPUT_PORCELAIN|OUTPUT_LINE_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT('c', NULL, &output_option, "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)", OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT),
-		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &output_option, "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP),
-		OPT_BIT('l', NULL, &output_option, "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)", OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME),
-		OPT_BIT('s', NULL, &output_option, "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR),
-		OPT_BIT('e', "show-email", &output_option, "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)", OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL),
-		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &xdl_opts, "Ignore whitespace differences", XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE),
-		OPT_STRING('S', NULL, &revs_file, "file", "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, "file", "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, "score", "Find line copies within and across files", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, "score", "Find line movements within and across files", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &bottomtop, "n,m", "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1", blame_bottomtop_callback),
+	struct commit *final_commit = NULL;
+
+	struct string_list range_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int output_option = 0, opt = 0;
+	int show_stats = 0;
+	const char *revs_file = NULL;
+	const char *contents_from = NULL;
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "incremental", &incremental, N_("Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, N_("Show work cost statistics")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("Force progress reporting")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, N_("Show output score for blame entries"), OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
+		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, N_("Show original filename (Default: auto)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, N_("Show original linenumber (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
+		OPT_BIT('p', "porcelain", &output_option, N_("Show in a format designed for machine consumption"), OUTPUT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "line-porcelain", &output_option, N_("Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"), OUTPUT_PORCELAIN|OUTPUT_LINE_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT('c', NULL, &output_option, N_("Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT),
+		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &output_option, N_("Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP),
+		OPT_BIT('l', NULL, &output_option, N_("Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME),
+		OPT_BIT('s', NULL, &output_option, N_("Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR),
+		OPT_BIT('e', "show-email", &output_option, N_("Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL),
+		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &xdl_opts, N_("Ignore whitespace differences"), XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "minimal", &xdl_opts, N_("Spend extra cycles to find better match"), XDF_NEED_MINIMAL),
+		OPT_STRING('S', NULL, &revs_file, N_("file"), N_("Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, N_("file"), N_("Use <file>'s contents as the final image")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line copies within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line movements within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
+		OPT_STRING_LIST('L', NULL, &range_list, N_("n,m"), N_("Process only line range n,m, counting from 1")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 	int cmd_is_annotate = !strcmp(argv[0], "annotate");
+	struct range_set ranges;
+	unsigned int range_i;
+	long anchor;
 
-	git_config(git_blame_config, NULL);
+	git_config(git_blame_config, &output_option);
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	revs.date_mode = blame_date_mode;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	dashdash_pos = 0;
+	show_progress = -1;
 
 	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options,
 			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
@@ -2359,28 +2587,39 @@ int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		parse_revision_opt(&revs, &ctx, options, blame_opt_usage);
 	}
 parse_done:
+	no_whole_file_rename = !DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
 
-	if (abbrev == -1)
-		abbrev = default_abbrev;
-	/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
-	abbrev++;
+	if (incremental || (output_option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN)) {
+		if (show_progress > 0)
+			die("--progress can't be used with --incremental or porcelain formats");
+		show_progress = 0;
+	} else if (show_progress < 0)
+		show_progress = isatty(2);
+
+	if (0 < abbrev)
+		/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
+		abbrev++;
 
 	if (revs_file && read_ancestry(revs_file))
 		die_errno("reading graft file '%s' failed", revs_file);
 
 	if (cmd_is_annotate) {
 		output_option |= OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT;
-		blame_date_mode = DATE_ISO8601;
+		blame_date_mode.type = DATE_ISO8601;
 	} else {
 		blame_date_mode = revs.date_mode;
 	}
 
 	/* The maximum width used to show the dates */
-	switch (blame_date_mode) {
+	switch (blame_date_mode.type) {
 	case DATE_RFC2822:
 		blame_date_width = sizeof("Thu, 19 Oct 2006 16:00:04 -0700");
 		break;
+	case DATE_ISO8601_STRICT:
+		blame_date_width = sizeof("2006-10-19T16:00:04-07:00");
+		break;
 	case DATE_ISO8601:
 		blame_date_width = sizeof("2006-10-19 16:00:04 -0700");
 		break;
@@ -2391,11 +2630,20 @@ parse_done:
 		blame_date_width = sizeof("2006-10-19");
 		break;
 	case DATE_RELATIVE:
-		/* "normal" is used as the fallback for "relative" */
-	case DATE_LOCAL:
+		/* TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+		   display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+		   output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+		   takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+		   relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+		   fewer display columns. */
+		blame_date_width = utf8_strwidth(_("4 years, 11 months ago")) + 1; /* add the null */
+		break;
 	case DATE_NORMAL:
 		blame_date_width = sizeof("Thu Oct 19 16:00:04 2006 -0700");
 		break;
+	case DATE_STRFTIME:
+		blame_date_width = strlen(show_date(0, 0, &blame_date_mode)) + 1; /* add the null */
+		break;
 	}
 	blame_date_width -= 1; /* strip the null */
 
@@ -2447,14 +2695,14 @@ parse_done:
 		if (argc < 2)
 			usage_with_options(blame_opt_usage, options);
 		path = add_prefix(prefix, argv[argc - 1]);
-		if (argc == 3 && !has_string_in_work_tree(path)) { /* (2b) */
+		if (argc == 3 && !file_exists(path)) { /* (2b) */
 			path = add_prefix(prefix, argv[1]);
 			argv[1] = argv[2];
 		}
 		argv[argc - 1] = "--";
 
 		setup_work_tree();
-		if (!has_string_in_work_tree(path))
+		if (!file_exists(path))
 			die_errno("cannot stat path '%s'", path);
 	}
 
@@ -2463,12 +2711,18 @@ parse_done:
 	memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(sb));
 
 	sb.revs = &revs;
-	if (!reverse)
+	if (!reverse) {
 		final_commit_name = prepare_final(&sb);
+		sb.commits.compare = compare_commits_by_commit_date;
+	}
 	else if (contents_from)
-		die("--contents and --children do not blend well.");
-	else
+		die("--contents and --reverse do not blend well.");
+	else {
 		final_commit_name = prepare_initial(&sb);
+		sb.commits.compare = compare_commits_by_reverse_commit_date;
+		if (revs.first_parent_only)
+			revs.children.name = NULL;
+	}
 
 	if (!sb.final) {
 		/*
@@ -2484,20 +2738,42 @@ parse_done:
 	else if (contents_from)
 		die("Cannot use --contents with final commit object name");
 
+	if (reverse && revs.first_parent_only) {
+		final_commit = find_single_final(sb.revs, NULL);
+		if (!final_commit)
+			die("--reverse and --first-parent together require specified latest commit");
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If we have bottom, this will mark the ancestors of the
 	 * bottom commits we would reach while traversing as
 	 * uninteresting.
 	 */
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
-		die("revision walk setup failed");
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
-	if (is_null_sha1(sb.final->object.sha1)) {
-		char *buf;
+	if (reverse && revs.first_parent_only) {
+		struct commit *c = final_commit;
+
+		sb.revs->children.name = "children";
+		while (c->parents &&
+		       oidcmp(&c->object.oid, &sb.final->object.oid)) {
+			struct commit_list *l = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*l));
+
+			l->item = c;
+			if (add_decoration(&sb.revs->children,
+					   &c->parents->item->object, l))
+				die("BUG: not unique item in first-parent chain");
+			c = c->parents->item;
+		}
+
+		if (oidcmp(&c->object.oid, &sb.final->object.oid))
+			die("--reverse --first-parent together require range along first-parent chain");
+	}
+
+	if (is_null_oid(&sb.final->object.oid)) {
 		o = sb.final->util;
-		buf = xmalloc(o->file.size + 1);
-		memcpy(buf, o->file.ptr, o->file.size + 1);
-		sb.final_buf = buf;
+		sb.final_buf = xmemdupz(o->file.ptr, o->file.size);
 		sb.final_buf_size = o->file.size;
 	}
 	else {
@@ -2506,7 +2782,7 @@ parse_done:
 			die("no such path %s in %s", path, final_commit_name);
 
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&sb.revs->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-		    textconv_object(path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, (char **) &sb.final_buf,
+		    textconv_object(path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, 1, (char **) &sb.final_buf,
 				    &sb.final_buf_size))
 			;
 		else
@@ -2521,40 +2797,68 @@ parse_done:
 	num_read_blob++;
 	lno = prepare_lines(&sb);
 
-	bottom = top = 0;
-	if (bottomtop)
-		prepare_blame_range(&sb, bottomtop, lno, &bottom, &top);
-	if (bottom && top && top < bottom) {
-		long tmp;
-		tmp = top; top = bottom; bottom = tmp;
-	}
-	if (bottom < 1)
-		bottom = 1;
-	if (top < 1)
-		top = lno;
-	bottom--;
-	if (lno < top || lno < bottom)
-		die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
-
-	ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
-	ent->lno = bottom;
-	ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
-	ent->suspect = o;
-	ent->s_lno = bottom;
-
-	sb.ent = ent;
+	if (lno && !range_list.nr)
+		string_list_append(&range_list, xstrdup("1"));
+
+	anchor = 1;
+	range_set_init(&ranges, range_list.nr);
+	for (range_i = 0; range_i < range_list.nr; ++range_i) {
+		long bottom, top;
+		if (parse_range_arg(range_list.items[range_i].string,
+				    nth_line_cb, &sb, lno, anchor,
+				    &bottom, &top, sb.path))
+			usage(blame_usage);
+		if (lno < top || ((lno || bottom) && lno < bottom))
+			die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
+		if (bottom < 1)
+			bottom = 1;
+		if (top < 1)
+			top = lno;
+		bottom--;
+		range_set_append_unsafe(&ranges, bottom, top);
+		anchor = top + 1;
+	}
+	sort_and_merge_range_set(&ranges);
+
+	for (range_i = ranges.nr; range_i > 0; --range_i) {
+		const struct range *r = &ranges.ranges[range_i - 1];
+		long bottom = r->start;
+		long top = r->end;
+		struct blame_entry *next = ent;
+		ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
+		ent->lno = bottom;
+		ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
+		ent->suspect = o;
+		ent->s_lno = bottom;
+		ent->next = next;
+		origin_incref(o);
+	}
+
+	o->suspects = ent;
+	prio_queue_put(&sb.commits, o->commit);
+
+	origin_decref(o);
+
+	range_set_release(&ranges);
+	string_list_clear(&range_list, 0);
+
+	sb.ent = NULL;
 	sb.path = path;
 
 	read_mailmap(&mailmap, NULL);
 
+	assign_blame(&sb, opt);
+
 	if (!incremental)
 		setup_pager();
 
-	assign_blame(&sb, opt);
+	free(final_commit_name);
 
 	if (incremental)
 		return 0;
 
+	sb.ent = blame_sort(sb.ent, compare_blame_final);
+
 	coalesce(&sb);
 
 	if (!(output_option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN))
diff --git a/builtin/branch.c b/builtin/branch.c
index 7095718c13..2ecde53bf8 100644
--- a/builtin/branch.c
+++ b/builtin/branch.c
@@ -15,18 +15,22 @@
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
+#include "ref-filter.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_branch_usage[] = {
-	"git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]",
-	"git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]",
-	"git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>...",
-	"git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>",
+	N_("git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"),
+	N_("git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"),
+	N_("git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."),
+	N_("git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"),
+	N_("git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-#define REF_LOCAL_BRANCH    0x01
-#define REF_REMOTE_BRANCH   0x02
-
 static const char *head;
 static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 
@@ -37,51 +41,54 @@ static char branch_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,		/* REMOTE */
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* LOCAL */
 	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,	/* CURRENT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BLUE,		/* UPSTREAM */
 };
 enum color_branch {
 	BRANCH_COLOR_RESET = 0,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE = 2,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL = 3,
-	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4
+	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM = 5
 };
 
-static enum merge_filter {
-	NO_FILTER = 0,
-	SHOW_NOT_MERGED,
-	SHOW_MERGED
-} merge_filter;
-static unsigned char merge_filter_ref[20];
+static struct string_list output = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static unsigned int colopts;
 
-static int parse_branch_color_slot(const char *var, int ofs)
+static int parse_branch_color_slot(const char *slot)
 {
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "plain"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "plain"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "reset"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "reset"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_RESET;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "remote"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "remote"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "local"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "local"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "current"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "current"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "upstream"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM;
 	return -1;
 }
 
 static int git_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	const char *slot_name;
+
+	if (starts_with(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "branch", &colopts);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "color.branch")) {
 		branch_use_color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.branch.")) {
-		int slot = parse_branch_color_slot(var, 13);
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "color.branch.", &slot_name)) {
+		int slot = parse_branch_color_slot(slot_name);
 		if (slot < 0)
 			return 0;
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, branch_colors[slot]);
-		return 0;
+		return color_parse(value, branch_colors[slot]);
 	}
 	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -107,22 +114,21 @@ static int branch_merged(int kind, const char *name,
 	void *reference_name_to_free = NULL;
 	int merged;
 
-	if (kind == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH) {
+	if (kind == FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES) {
 		struct branch *branch = branch_get(name);
+		const char *upstream = branch_get_upstream(branch, NULL);
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-		if (branch &&
-		    branch->merge &&
-		    branch->merge[0] &&
-		    branch->merge[0]->dst &&
+		if (upstream &&
 		    (reference_name = reference_name_to_free =
-		     resolve_refdup(branch->merge[0]->dst, sha1, 1, NULL)) != NULL)
+		     resolve_refdup(upstream, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+				    sha1, NULL)) != NULL)
 			reference_rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	}
 	if (!reference_rev)
 		reference_rev = head_rev;
 
-	merged = in_merge_bases(rev, &reference_rev, 1);
+	merged = in_merge_bases(rev, reference_rev);
 
 	/*
 	 * After the safety valve is fully redefined to "check with
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@ static int branch_merged(int kind, const char *name,
 	 * a gentle reminder is in order.
 	 */
 	if ((head_rev != reference_rev) &&
-	    in_merge_bases(rev, &head_rev, 1) != merged) {
+	    in_merge_bases(rev, head_rev) != merged) {
 		if (merged)
 			warning(_("deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 				"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."),
@@ -146,26 +152,55 @@ static int branch_merged(int kind, const char *name,
 	return merged;
 }
 
-static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds)
+static int check_branch_commit(const char *branchname, const char *refname,
+			       const unsigned char *sha1, struct commit *head_rev,
+			       int kinds, int force)
+{
+	struct commit *rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!rev) {
+		error(_("Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"), refname);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!force && !branch_merged(kinds, branchname, rev, head_rev)) {
+		error(_("The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+		      "If you are sure you want to delete it, "
+		      "run 'git branch -D %s'."), branchname, branchname);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void delete_branch_config(const char *branchname)
 {
-	struct commit *rev, *head_rev = NULL;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s", branchname);
+	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 0)
+		warning(_("Update of config-file failed"));
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds,
+			   int quiet)
+{
+	struct commit *head_rev = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char *name = NULL;
-	const char *fmt, *remote;
+	const char *fmt;
 	int i;
 	int ret = 0;
+	int remote_branch = 0;
 	struct strbuf bname = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	switch (kinds) {
-	case REF_REMOTE_BRANCH:
+	case FILTER_REFS_REMOTES:
 		fmt = "refs/remotes/%s";
-		/* TRANSLATORS: This is "remote " in "remote branch '%s' not found" */
-		remote = _("remote ");
+		/* For subsequent UI messages */
+		remote_branch = 1;
+
 		force = 1;
 		break;
-	case REF_LOCAL_BRANCH:
+	case FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES:
 		fmt = "refs/heads/%s";
-		remote = "";
 		break;
 	default:
 		die(_("cannot use -a with -d"));
@@ -177,53 +212,64 @@ static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds)
 			die(_("Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"));
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++, strbuf_release(&bname)) {
-		strbuf_branchname(&bname, argv[i]);
-		if (kinds == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH && !strcmp(head, bname.buf)) {
-			error(_("Cannot delete the branch '%s' "
-			      "which you are currently on."), bname.buf);
-			ret = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
+		const char *target;
+		int flags = 0;
 
+		strbuf_branchname(&bname, argv[i]);
 		free(name);
-
-		name = xstrdup(mkpath(fmt, bname.buf));
-		if (read_ref(name, sha1)) {
-			error(_("%sbranch '%s' not found."),
-					remote, bname.buf);
-			ret = 1;
-			continue;
+		name = mkpathdup(fmt, bname.buf);
+
+		if (kinds == FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES) {
+			const struct worktree *wt =
+				find_shared_symref("HEAD", name);
+			if (wt) {
+				error(_("Cannot delete branch '%s' "
+					"checked out at '%s'"),
+				      bname.buf, wt->path);
+				ret = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
 		}
 
-		rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-		if (!rev) {
-			error(_("Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"), name);
+		target = resolve_ref_unsafe(name,
+					    RESOLVE_REF_READING
+					    | RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE
+					    | RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME,
+					    sha1, &flags);
+		if (!target) {
+			error(remote_branch
+			      ? _("remote-tracking branch '%s' not found.")
+			      : _("branch '%s' not found."), bname.buf);
 			ret = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!force && !branch_merged(kinds, bname.buf, rev, head_rev)) {
-			error(_("The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
-			      "If you are sure you want to delete it, "
-			      "run 'git branch -D %s'."), bname.buf, bname.buf);
+		if (!(flags & (REF_ISSYMREF|REF_ISBROKEN)) &&
+		    check_branch_commit(bname.buf, name, sha1, head_rev, kinds,
+					force)) {
 			ret = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (delete_ref(name, sha1, 0)) {
-			error(_("Error deleting %sbranch '%s'"), remote,
+		if (delete_ref(name, is_null_sha1(sha1) ? NULL : sha1,
+			       REF_NODEREF)) {
+			error(remote_branch
+			      ? _("Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'")
+			      : _("Error deleting branch '%s'"),
 			      bname.buf);
 			ret = 1;
-		} else {
-			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-			printf(_("Deleted %sbranch %s (was %s).\n"), remote,
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!quiet) {
+			printf(remote_branch
+			       ? _("Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n")
+			       : _("Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"),
 			       bname.buf,
-			       find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-			strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s", bname.buf);
-			if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 0)
-				warning(_("Update of config-file failed"));
-			strbuf_release(&buf);
+			       (flags & REF_ISBROKEN) ? "broken"
+			       : (flags & REF_ISSYMREF) ? target
+			       : find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 		}
+		delete_branch_config(bname.buf);
 	}
 
 	free(name);
@@ -231,223 +277,153 @@ static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds)
 	return(ret);
 }
 
-struct ref_item {
-	char *name;
-	char *dest;
-	unsigned int kind, len;
-	struct commit *commit;
-};
-
-struct ref_list {
-	struct rev_info revs;
-	int index, alloc, maxwidth, verbose, abbrev;
-	struct ref_item *list;
-	struct commit_list *with_commit;
-	int kinds;
-};
-
-static char *resolve_symref(const char *src, const char *prefix)
-{
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int flag;
-	const char *dst, *cp;
-
-	dst = resolve_ref_unsafe(src, sha1, 0, &flag);
-	if (!(dst && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)))
-		return NULL;
-	if (prefix && (cp = skip_prefix(dst, prefix)))
-		dst = cp;
-	return xstrdup(dst);
-}
-
-struct append_ref_cb {
-	struct ref_list *ref_list;
-	const char **pattern;
-	int ret;
-};
-
-static int match_patterns(const char **pattern, const char *refname)
-{
-	if (!*pattern)
-		return 1; /* no pattern always matches */
-	while (*pattern) {
-		if (!fnmatch(*pattern, refname, 0))
-			return 1;
-		pattern++;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct append_ref_cb *cb = (struct append_ref_cb *)(cb_data);
-	struct ref_list *ref_list = cb->ref_list;
-	struct ref_item *newitem;
-	struct commit *commit;
-	int kind, i;
-	const char *prefix, *orig_refname = refname;
-
-	static struct {
-		int kind;
-		const char *prefix;
-		int pfxlen;
-	} ref_kind[] = {
-		{ REF_LOCAL_BRANCH, "refs/heads/", 11 },
-		{ REF_REMOTE_BRANCH, "refs/remotes/", 13 },
-	};
-
-	/* Detect kind */
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ref_kind); i++) {
-		prefix = ref_kind[i].prefix;
-		if (strncmp(refname, prefix, ref_kind[i].pfxlen))
-			continue;
-		kind = ref_kind[i].kind;
-		refname += ref_kind[i].pfxlen;
-		break;
-	}
-	if (ARRAY_SIZE(ref_kind) <= i)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* Don't add types the caller doesn't want */
-	if ((kind & ref_list->kinds) == 0)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (!match_patterns(cb->pattern, refname))
-		return 0;
-
-	commit = NULL;
-	if (ref_list->verbose || ref_list->with_commit || merge_filter != NO_FILTER) {
-		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
-		if (!commit) {
-			cb->ret = error(_("branch '%s' does not point at a commit"), refname);
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		/* Filter with with_commit if specified */
-		if (!is_descendant_of(commit, ref_list->with_commit))
-			return 0;
-
-		if (merge_filter != NO_FILTER)
-			add_pending_object(&ref_list->revs,
-					   (struct object *)commit, refname);
-	}
-
-	ALLOC_GROW(ref_list->list, ref_list->index + 1, ref_list->alloc);
-
-	/* Record the new item */
-	newitem = &(ref_list->list[ref_list->index++]);
-	newitem->name = xstrdup(refname);
-	newitem->kind = kind;
-	newitem->commit = commit;
-	newitem->len = strlen(refname);
-	newitem->dest = resolve_symref(orig_refname, prefix);
-	/* adjust for "remotes/" */
-	if (newitem->kind == REF_REMOTE_BRANCH &&
-	    ref_list->kinds != REF_REMOTE_BRANCH)
-		newitem->len += 8;
-	if (newitem->len > ref_list->maxwidth)
-		ref_list->maxwidth = newitem->len;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void free_ref_list(struct ref_list *ref_list)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ref_list->index; i++) {
-		free(ref_list->list[i].name);
-		free(ref_list->list[i].dest);
-	}
-	free(ref_list->list);
-}
-
-static int ref_cmp(const void *r1, const void *r2)
-{
-	struct ref_item *c1 = (struct ref_item *)(r1);
-	struct ref_item *c2 = (struct ref_item *)(r2);
-
-	if (c1->kind != c2->kind)
-		return c1->kind - c2->kind;
-	return strcmp(c1->name, c2->name);
-}
-
 static void fill_tracking_info(struct strbuf *stat, const char *branch_name,
 		int show_upstream_ref)
 {
 	int ours, theirs;
+	char *ref = NULL;
 	struct branch *branch = branch_get(branch_name);
-
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
-		if (branch && branch->merge && branch->merge[0]->dst &&
-		    show_upstream_ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, "[%s] ",
-			    shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
-		return;
+	const char *upstream;
+	struct strbuf fancy = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
+	int added_decoration = 1;
+
+	if (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs, &upstream) < 0) {
+		if (!upstream)
+			return;
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addch(stat, '[');
-	if (show_upstream_ref)
-		strbuf_addf(stat, "%s: ",
-			shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
-	if (!ours)
-		strbuf_addf(stat, _("behind %d] "), theirs);
-	else if (!theirs)
-		strbuf_addf(stat, _("ahead %d] "), ours);
-	else
-		strbuf_addf(stat, _("ahead %d, behind %d] "), ours, theirs);
-}
-
-static int matches_merge_filter(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	int is_merged;
+	if (show_upstream_ref) {
+		ref = shorten_unambiguous_ref(upstream, 0);
+		if (want_color(branch_use_color))
+			strbuf_addf(&fancy, "%s%s%s",
+					branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM),
+					ref, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&fancy, ref);
+	}
 
-	if (merge_filter == NO_FILTER)
-		return 1;
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: gone]"), fancy.buf);
+		else
+			added_decoration = 0;
+	} else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s]"), fancy.buf);
+		else
+			added_decoration = 0;
+	} else if (!ours) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: behind %d]"), fancy.buf, theirs);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[behind %d]"), theirs);
 
-	is_merged = !!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING);
-	return (is_merged == (merge_filter == SHOW_MERGED));
+	} else if (!theirs) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d]"), fancy.buf, ours);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d]"), ours);
+	} else {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"),
+				    fancy.buf, ours, theirs);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d, behind %d]"),
+				    ours, theirs);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&fancy);
+	if (added_decoration)
+		strbuf_addch(stat, ' ');
+	free(ref);
 }
 
-static void add_verbose_info(struct strbuf *out, struct ref_item *item,
-			     int verbose, int abbrev)
+static void add_verbose_info(struct strbuf *out, struct ref_array_item *item,
+			     struct ref_filter *filter, const char *refname)
 {
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT, stat = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *sub = " **** invalid ref ****";
+	const char *sub = _(" **** invalid ref ****");
 	struct commit *commit = item->commit;
 
-	if (commit && !parse_commit(commit)) {
+	if (!parse_commit(commit)) {
 		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &subject);
 		sub = subject.buf;
 	}
 
-	if (item->kind == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH)
-		fill_tracking_info(&stat, item->name, verbose > 1);
+	if (item->kind == FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES)
+		fill_tracking_info(&stat, refname, filter->verbose > 1);
 
 	strbuf_addf(out, " %s %s%s",
-		find_unique_abbrev(item->commit->object.sha1, abbrev),
+		find_unique_abbrev(item->commit->object.oid.hash, filter->abbrev),
 		stat.buf, sub);
 	strbuf_release(&stat);
 	strbuf_release(&subject);
 }
 
-static void print_ref_item(struct ref_item *item, int maxwidth, int verbose,
-			   int abbrev, int current, char *prefix)
+static char *get_head_description(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf desc = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state, 1);
+	if (state.rebase_in_progress ||
+	    state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, rebasing %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.bisect_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, bisect started on %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.detached_from) {
+		if (state.detached_at)
+			/* TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+			   "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c */
+			strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(HEAD detached at %s)"),
+				state.detached_from);
+		else
+			/* TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+			   "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c */
+			strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(HEAD detached from %s)"),
+				state.detached_from);
+	}
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&desc, _("(no branch)"));
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+	return strbuf_detach(&desc, NULL);
+}
+
+static void format_and_print_ref_item(struct ref_array_item *item, int maxwidth,
+				      struct ref_filter *filter, const char *remote_prefix)
 {
 	char c;
+	int current = 0;
 	int color;
-	struct commit *commit = item->commit;
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT, name = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	if (!matches_merge_filter(commit))
-		return;
+	const char *prefix_to_show = "";
+	const char *prefix_to_skip = NULL;
+	const char *desc = item->refname;
+	char *to_free = NULL;
 
 	switch (item->kind) {
-	case REF_LOCAL_BRANCH:
-		color = BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
+	case FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES:
+		prefix_to_skip = "refs/heads/";
+		skip_prefix(desc, prefix_to_skip, &desc);
+		if (!filter->detached && !strcmp(desc, head))
+			current = 1;
+		else
+			color = BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
 		break;
-	case REF_REMOTE_BRANCH:
+	case FILTER_REFS_REMOTES:
+		prefix_to_skip = "refs/remotes/";
+		skip_prefix(desc, prefix_to_skip, &desc);
 		color = BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE;
+		prefix_to_show = remote_prefix;
+		break;
+	case FILTER_REFS_DETACHED_HEAD:
+		desc = to_free = get_head_description();
+		current = 1;
 		break;
 	default:
 		color = BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN;
@@ -460,108 +436,117 @@ static void print_ref_item(struct ref_item *item, int maxwidth, int verbose,
 		color = BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addf(&name, "%s%s", prefix, item->name);
-	if (verbose)
+	strbuf_addf(&name, "%s%s", prefix_to_show, desc);
+	if (filter->verbose) {
+		int utf8_compensation = strlen(name.buf) - utf8_strwidth(name.buf);
 		strbuf_addf(&out, "%c %s%-*s%s", c, branch_get_color(color),
-			    maxwidth, name.buf,
+			    maxwidth + utf8_compensation, name.buf,
 			    branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
-	else
+	} else
 		strbuf_addf(&out, "%c %s%s%s", c, branch_get_color(color),
 			    name.buf, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
 
-	if (item->dest)
-		strbuf_addf(&out, " -> %s", item->dest);
-	else if (verbose)
+	if (item->symref) {
+		const char *symref = item->symref;
+		if (prefix_to_skip)
+			skip_prefix(symref, prefix_to_skip, &symref);
+		strbuf_addf(&out, " -> %s", symref);
+	}
+	else if (filter->verbose)
 		/* " f7c0c00 [ahead 58, behind 197] vcs-svn: drop obj_pool.h" */
-		add_verbose_info(&out, item, verbose, abbrev);
-	printf("%s\n", out.buf);
+		add_verbose_info(&out, item, filter, desc);
+	if (column_active(colopts)) {
+		assert(!filter->verbose && "--column and --verbose are incompatible");
+		string_list_append(&output, out.buf);
+	} else {
+		printf("%s\n", out.buf);
+	}
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	strbuf_release(&out);
+	free(to_free);
 }
 
-static int calc_maxwidth(struct ref_list *refs)
+static int calc_maxwidth(struct ref_array *refs, int remote_bonus)
 {
-	int i, w = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < refs->index; i++) {
-		if (!matches_merge_filter(refs->list[i].commit))
-			continue;
-		if (refs->list[i].len > w)
-			w = refs->list[i].len;
+	int i, max = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < refs->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_array_item *it = refs->items[i];
+		const char *desc = it->refname;
+		int w;
+
+		skip_prefix(it->refname, "refs/heads/", &desc);
+		skip_prefix(it->refname, "refs/remotes/", &desc);
+		w = utf8_strwidth(desc);
+
+		if (it->kind == FILTER_REFS_REMOTES)
+			w += remote_bonus;
+		if (w > max)
+			max = w;
 	}
-	return w;
+	return max;
 }
 
-
-static void show_detached(struct ref_list *ref_list)
+static void print_ref_list(struct ref_filter *filter, struct ref_sorting *sorting)
 {
-	struct commit *head_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(head_sha1, 1);
-
-	if (head_commit && is_descendant_of(head_commit, ref_list->with_commit)) {
-		struct ref_item item;
-		item.name = xstrdup(_("(no branch)"));
-		item.len = strlen(item.name);
-		item.kind = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
-		item.dest = NULL;
-		item.commit = head_commit;
-		if (item.len > ref_list->maxwidth)
-			ref_list->maxwidth = item.len;
-		print_ref_item(&item, ref_list->maxwidth, ref_list->verbose, ref_list->abbrev, 1, "");
-		free(item.name);
-	}
+	int i;
+	struct ref_array array;
+	int maxwidth = 0;
+	const char *remote_prefix = "";
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are listing more than just remote branches,
+	 * then remote branches will have a "remotes/" prefix.
+	 * We need to account for this in the width.
+	 */
+	if (filter->kind != FILTER_REFS_REMOTES)
+		remote_prefix = "remotes/";
+
+	memset(&array, 0, sizeof(array));
+
+	verify_ref_format("%(refname)%(symref)");
+	filter_refs(&array, filter, filter->kind | FILTER_REFS_INCLUDE_BROKEN);
+
+	if (filter->verbose)
+		maxwidth = calc_maxwidth(&array, strlen(remote_prefix));
+
+	/*
+	 * If no sorting parameter is given then we default to sorting
+	 * by 'refname'. This would give us an alphabetically sorted
+	 * array with the 'HEAD' ref at the beginning followed by
+	 * local branches 'refs/heads/...' and finally remote-tacking
+	 * branches 'refs/remotes/...'.
+	 */
+	if (!sorting)
+		sorting = ref_default_sorting();
+	ref_array_sort(sorting, &array);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < array.nr; i++)
+		format_and_print_ref_item(array.items[i], maxwidth, filter, remote_prefix);
+
+	ref_array_clear(&array);
 }
 
-static int print_ref_list(int kinds, int detached, int verbose, int abbrev, struct commit_list *with_commit, const char **pattern)
+static void reject_rebase_or_bisect_branch(const char *target)
 {
+	struct worktree **worktrees = get_worktrees();
 	int i;
-	struct append_ref_cb cb;
-	struct ref_list ref_list;
-
-	memset(&ref_list, 0, sizeof(ref_list));
-	ref_list.kinds = kinds;
-	ref_list.verbose = verbose;
-	ref_list.abbrev = abbrev;
-	ref_list.with_commit = with_commit;
-	if (merge_filter != NO_FILTER)
-		init_revisions(&ref_list.revs, NULL);
-	cb.ref_list = &ref_list;
-	cb.pattern = pattern;
-	cb.ret = 0;
-	for_each_rawref(append_ref, &cb);
-	if (merge_filter != NO_FILTER) {
-		struct commit *filter;
-		filter = lookup_commit_reference_gently(merge_filter_ref, 0);
-		filter->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&ref_list.revs,
-				   (struct object *) filter, "");
-		ref_list.revs.limited = 1;
-		prepare_revision_walk(&ref_list.revs);
-		if (verbose)
-			ref_list.maxwidth = calc_maxwidth(&ref_list);
-	}
 
-	qsort(ref_list.list, ref_list.index, sizeof(struct ref_item), ref_cmp);
-
-	detached = (detached && (kinds & REF_LOCAL_BRANCH));
-	if (detached && match_patterns(pattern, "HEAD"))
-		show_detached(&ref_list);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ref_list.index; i++) {
-		int current = !detached &&
-			(ref_list.list[i].kind == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH) &&
-			!strcmp(ref_list.list[i].name, head);
-		char *prefix = (kinds != REF_REMOTE_BRANCH &&
-				ref_list.list[i].kind == REF_REMOTE_BRANCH)
-				? "remotes/" : "";
-		print_ref_item(&ref_list.list[i], ref_list.maxwidth, verbose,
-			       abbrev, current, prefix);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; worktrees[i]; i++) {
+		struct worktree *wt = worktrees[i];
+
+		if (!wt->is_detached)
+			continue;
 
-	free_ref_list(&ref_list);
+		if (is_worktree_being_rebased(wt, target))
+			die(_("Branch %s is being rebased at %s"),
+			    target, wt->path);
 
-	if (cb.ret)
-		error(_("some refs could not be read"));
+		if (is_worktree_being_bisected(wt, target))
+			die(_("Branch %s is being bisected at %s"),
+			    target, wt->path);
+	}
 
-	return cb.ret;
+	free_worktrees(worktrees);
 }
 
 static void rename_branch(const char *oldname, const char *newname, int force)
@@ -593,6 +578,8 @@ static void rename_branch(const char *oldname, const char *newname, int force)
 
 	validate_new_branchname(newname, &newref, force, clobber_head_ok);
 
+	reject_rebase_or_bisect_branch(oldref.buf);
+
 	strbuf_addf(&logmsg, "Branch: renamed %s to %s",
 		 oldref.buf, newref.buf);
 
@@ -603,8 +590,7 @@ static void rename_branch(const char *oldname, const char *newname, int force)
 	if (recovery)
 		warning(_("Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"), oldref.buf + 11);
 
-	/* no need to pass logmsg here as HEAD didn't really move */
-	if (!strcmp(oldname, head) && create_symref("HEAD", newref.buf, NULL))
+	if (replace_each_worktree_head_symref(oldref.buf, newref.buf))
 		die(_("Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"), newname);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&oldsection, "branch.%s", oldref.buf + 11);
@@ -617,119 +603,96 @@ static void rename_branch(const char *oldname, const char *newname, int force)
 	strbuf_release(&newsection);
 }
 
-static int opt_parse_merge_filter(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	merge_filter = ((opt->long_name[0] == 'n')
-			? SHOW_NOT_MERGED
-			: SHOW_MERGED);
-	if (unset)
-		merge_filter = SHOW_NOT_MERGED; /* b/c for --no-merged */
-	if (!arg)
-		arg = "HEAD";
-	if (get_sha1(arg, merge_filter_ref))
-		die(_("malformed object name %s"), arg);
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static const char edit_description[] = "BRANCH_DESCRIPTION";
 
 static int edit_branch_description(const char *branch_name)
 {
-	FILE *fp;
-	int status;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	read_branch_desc(&buf, branch_name);
 	if (!buf.len || buf.buf[buf.len-1] != '\n')
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_addf(&buf,
-		    "# Please edit the description for the branch\n"
-		    "#   %s\n"
-		    "# Lines starting with '#' will be stripped.\n",
-		    branch_name);
-	fp = fopen(git_path(edit_description), "w");
-	if ((fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, fp) < buf.len) || fclose(fp)) {
+	strbuf_commented_addf(&buf,
+		    "Please edit the description for the branch\n"
+		    "  %s\n"
+		    "Lines starting with '%c' will be stripped.\n",
+		    branch_name, comment_line_char);
+	if (write_file_gently(git_path(edit_description), "%s", buf.buf)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		return error(_("could not write branch description template: %s\n"),
-			     strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno(_("could not write branch description template"));
 	}
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	if (launch_editor(git_path(edit_description), &buf, NULL)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		return -1;
 	}
-	stripspace(&buf, 1);
+	strbuf_stripspace(&buf, 1);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "branch.%s.description", branch_name);
-	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.buf);
+	git_config_set(name.buf, buf.len ? buf.buf : NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	return status;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int delete = 0, rename = 0, force_create = 0, list = 0;
-	int verbose = 0, abbrev = -1, detached = 0;
+	int delete = 0, rename = 0, force = 0, list = 0;
 	int reflog = 0, edit_description = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, unset_upstream = 0;
+	const char *new_upstream = NULL;
 	enum branch_track track;
-	int kinds = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
-	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
+	struct ref_filter filter;
+	static struct ref_sorting *sorting = NULL, **sorting_tail = &sorting;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("Generic options"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose,
-			"show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))",
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Generic options")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&filter.verbose,
+			N_("show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress informational messages")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, N_("set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, "change upstream info",
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, N_("change upstream info"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE),
-		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, "use colored output"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &kinds, "act on remote-tracking branches",
-			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH),
-		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only branches that contain the commit",
-			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
-			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
-		},
-		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only branches that contain the commit",
-			PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
-			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
-		},
-		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-
-		OPT_GROUP("Specific git-branch actions:"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('a', "all", &kinds, "list both remote-tracking and local branches",
-			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH | REF_LOCAL_BRANCH),
-		OPT_BIT('d', "delete", &delete, "delete fully merged branch", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, "delete branch (even if not merged)", 2),
-		OPT_BIT('m', "move", &rename, "move/rename a branch and its reflog", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, "move/rename a branch, even if target exists", 2),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "list", &list, "list branch names"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, "create the branch's reflog"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
-			    "edit the description for the branch"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force_create, "force creation (when already exists)"),
+		OPT_STRING('u', "set-upstream-to", &new_upstream, N_("upstream"), N_("change the upstream info")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unset-upstream", &unset_upstream, "Unset the upstream info"),
+		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, N_("use colored output")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &filter.kind, N_("act on remote-tracking branches"),
+			FILTER_REFS_REMOTES),
+		OPT_CONTAINS(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only branches that contain the commit")),
+		OPT_WITH(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only branches that contain the commit")),
+		OPT__ABBREV(&filter.abbrev),
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Specific git-branch actions:")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('a', "all", &filter.kind, N_("list both remote-tracking and local branches"),
+			FILTER_REFS_REMOTES | FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES),
+		OPT_BIT('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete fully merged branch"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, N_("delete branch (even if not merged)"), 2),
+		OPT_BIT('m', "move", &rename, N_("move/rename a branch and its reflog"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, N_("move/rename a branch, even if target exists"), 2),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "list", &list, N_("list branch names")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, N_("create the branch's reflog")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
+			 N_("edit the description for the branch")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force creation, move/rename, deletion")),
+		OPT_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only branches that are merged")),
+		OPT_NO_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only branches that are not merged")),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, N_("list branches in columns")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sorting_tail, N_("key"),
+			     N_("field name to sort on"), &parse_opt_ref_sorting),
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "no-merged", &merge_filter_ref,
-			"commit", "print only not merged branches",
-			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
-			opt_parse_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
-		},
-		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "merged", &merge_filter_ref,
-			"commit", "print only merged branches",
-			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
-			opt_parse_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "points-at", &filter.points_at, N_("object"),
+			N_("print only branches of the object"), 0, parse_opt_object_name
 		},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
+	memset(&filter, 0, sizeof(filter));
+	filter.kind = FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES;
+	filter.abbrev = -1;
+
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
@@ -737,59 +700,174 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	track = git_branch_track;
 
-	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL);
+	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, NULL);
 	if (!head)
 		die(_("Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."));
-	if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD")) {
-		detached = 1;
-	} else {
-		if (prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/"))
-			die(_("HEAD not found below refs/heads!"));
-		head += 11;
-	}
-	hashcpy(merge_filter_ref, head_sha1);
+	if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD"))
+		filter.detached = 1;
+	else if (!skip_prefix(head, "refs/heads/", &head))
+		die(_("HEAD not found below refs/heads!"));
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, builtin_branch_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && argc == 0)
+	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && !new_upstream && !unset_upstream && argc == 0)
 		list = 1;
 
-	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create + !!list > 1)
+	if (filter.with_commit || filter.merge != REF_FILTER_MERGED_NONE || filter.points_at.nr)
+		list = 1;
+
+	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!new_upstream +
+	    list + unset_upstream > 1)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
-	if (abbrev == -1)
-		abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	if (filter.abbrev == -1)
+		filter.abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
+	if (filter.verbose) {
+		if (explicitly_enable_column(colopts))
+			die(_("--column and --verbose are incompatible"));
+		colopts = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (force) {
+		delete *= 2;
+		rename *= 2;
+	}
 
-	if (delete)
-		return delete_branches(argc, argv, delete > 1, kinds);
-	else if (list)
-		return print_ref_list(kinds, detached, verbose, abbrev,
-				      with_commit, argv);
+	if (delete) {
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
+		return delete_branches(argc, argv, delete > 1, filter.kind, quiet);
+	} else if (list) {
+		/*  git branch --local also shows HEAD when it is detached */
+		if ((filter.kind & FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES) && filter.detached)
+			filter.kind |= FILTER_REFS_DETACHED_HEAD;
+		filter.name_patterns = argv;
+		print_ref_list(&filter, sorting);
+		print_columns(&output, colopts, NULL);
+		string_list_clear(&output, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	else if (edit_description) {
 		const char *branch_name;
-		if (detached)
-			die("Cannot give description to detached HEAD");
-		if (!argc)
+		struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (!argc) {
+			if (filter.detached)
+				die(_("Cannot give description to detached HEAD"));
 			branch_name = head;
-		else if (argc == 1)
+		} else if (argc == 1)
 			branch_name = argv[0];
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("cannot edit description of more than one branch"));
+
+		strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", branch_name);
+		if (!ref_exists(branch_ref.buf)) {
+			strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
+
+			if (!argc)
+				return error(_("No commit on branch '%s' yet."),
+					     branch_name);
+			else
+				return error(_("No branch named '%s'."),
+					     branch_name);
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
+
 		if (edit_branch_description(branch_name))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (rename) {
-		if (argc == 1)
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
+		else if (argc == 1)
 			rename_branch(head, argv[0], rename > 1);
 		else if (argc == 2)
 			rename_branch(argv[0], argv[1], rename > 1);
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("too many branches for a rename operation"));
+	} else if (new_upstream) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to set new upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."),
+				    new_upstream);
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
+		if (!ref_exists(branch->refname))
+			die(_("branch '%s' does not exist"), branch->name);
+
+		/*
+		 * create_branch takes care of setting up the tracking
+		 * info and making sure new_upstream is correct
+		 */
+		create_branch(head, branch->name, new_upstream, 0, 0, 0, quiet, BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE);
+	} else if (unset_upstream) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to unset upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not unset upstream of HEAD when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."));
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
+		if (!branch_has_merge_config(branch))
+			die(_("Branch '%s' has no upstream information"), branch->name);
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.remote", branch->name);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.merge", branch->name);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	} else if (argc > 0 && argc <= 2) {
-		if (kinds != REF_LOCAL_BRANCH)
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+		int branch_existed = 0, remote_tracking = 0;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+			die(_("it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"));
+
+		if (!branch)
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+
+		if (filter.kind != FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES)
 			die(_("-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"));
+
+		if (track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to\n"));
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s", branch->name);
+		remote_tracking = ref_exists(buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+		branch_existed = ref_exists(branch->refname);
 		create_branch(head, argv[0], (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : head,
-			      force_create, reflog, 0, track);
+			      force, reflog, 0, quiet, track);
+
+		/*
+		 * We only show the instructions if the user gave us
+		 * one branch which doesn't exist locally, but is the
+		 * name of a remote-tracking branch.
+		 */
+		if (argc == 1 && track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE &&
+		    !branch_existed && remote_tracking) {
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\nIf you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n\n"), head, branch->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, "    git branch -d %s\n", branch->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n", branch->name);
+		}
+
 	} else
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
diff --git a/builtin/bundle.c b/builtin/bundle.c
index 92a8a6026a..4883a435a9 100644
--- a/builtin/bundle.c
+++ b/builtin/bundle.c
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ int cmd_bundle(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (!strcmp(cmd, "verify")) {
 		close(bundle_fd);
+		if (argc != 1) {
+			usage(builtin_bundle_usage);
+			return 1;
+		}
 		if (verify_bundle(&header, 1))
 			return 1;
 		fprintf(stderr, _("%s is okay\n"), bundle_file);
@@ -52,6 +56,10 @@ int cmd_bundle(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return !!list_bundle_refs(&header, argc, argv);
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(cmd, "create")) {
+		if (argc < 2) {
+			usage(builtin_bundle_usage);
+			return 1;
+		}
 		if (!startup_info->have_repository)
 			die(_("Need a repository to create a bundle."));
 		return !!create_bundle(&header, bundle_file, argc, argv);
diff --git a/builtin/cat-file.c b/builtin/cat-file.c
index 07bd984084..618103fdee 100644
--- a/builtin/cat-file.c
+++ b/builtin/cat-file.c
@@ -4,116 +4,71 @@
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
  */
 #include "cache.h"
-#include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "diff.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+
+struct batch_options {
+	int enabled;
+	int follow_symlinks;
+	int print_contents;
+	int buffer_output;
+	int all_objects;
+	const char *format;
+};
 
-#define BATCH 1
-#define BATCH_CHECK 2
-
-static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	/* the parser in tag.c is useless here. */
-	const char *endp = buf + size;
-	const char *cp = buf;
-
-	while (cp < endp) {
-		char c = *cp++;
-		if (c != '\n')
-			continue;
-		if (7 <= endp - cp && !memcmp("tagger ", cp, 7)) {
-			const char *tagger = cp;
-
-			/* Found the tagger line.  Copy out the contents
-			 * of the buffer so far.
-			 */
-			write_or_die(1, buf, cp - buf);
-
-			/*
-			 * Do something intelligent, like pretty-printing
-			 * the date.
-			 */
-			while (cp < endp) {
-				if (*cp++ == '\n') {
-					/* tagger to cp is a line
-					 * that has ident and time.
-					 */
-					const char *sp = tagger;
-					char *ep;
-					unsigned long date;
-					long tz;
-					while (sp < cp && *sp != '>')
-						sp++;
-					if (sp == cp) {
-						/* give up */
-						write_or_die(1, tagger,
-							     cp - tagger);
-						break;
-					}
-					while (sp < cp &&
-					       !('0' <= *sp && *sp <= '9'))
-						sp++;
-					write_or_die(1, tagger, sp - tagger);
-					date = strtoul(sp, &ep, 10);
-					tz = strtol(ep, NULL, 10);
-					sp = show_date(date, tz, 0);
-					write_or_die(1, sp, strlen(sp));
-					xwrite(1, "\n", 1);
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		if (cp < endp && *cp == '\n')
-			/* end of header */
-			break;
-	}
-	/* At this point, we have copied out the header up to the end of
-	 * the tagger line and cp points at one past \n.  It could be the
-	 * next header line after the tagger line, or it could be another
-	 * \n that marks the end of the headers.  We need to copy out the
-	 * remainder as is.
-	 */
-	if (cp < endp)
-		write_or_die(1, cp, endp - cp);
-}
-
-static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
+static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name,
+			int unknown_type)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	enum object_type type;
 	char *buf;
 	unsigned long size;
 	struct object_context obj_context;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned flags = LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT;
 
-	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, sha1, &obj_context))
+	if (unknown_type)
+		flags |= LOOKUP_UNKNOWN_OBJECT;
+
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, sha1, &obj_context))
 		die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
 
 	buf = NULL;
 	switch (opt) {
 	case 't':
-		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
-		if (type > 0) {
-			printf("%s\n", typename(type));
+		oi.typename = &sb;
+		if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi, flags) < 0)
+			die("git cat-file: could not get object info");
+		if (sb.len) {
+			printf("%s\n", sb.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&sb);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		break;
 
 	case 's':
-		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
-		if (type > 0) {
-			printf("%lu\n", size);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		break;
+		oi.sizep = &size;
+		if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi, flags) < 0)
+			die("git cat-file: could not get object info");
+		printf("%lu\n", size);
+		return 0;
 
 	case 'e':
 		return !has_sha1_file(sha1);
 
+	case 'c':
+		if (!obj_context.path[0])
+			die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
+			    obj_name);
+
+		if (textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, 1, &buf, &size))
+			break;
+
 	case 'p':
 		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
 		if (type < 0)
@@ -127,28 +82,37 @@ static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 			return cmd_ls_tree(2, ls_args, NULL);
 		}
 
+		if (type == OBJ_BLOB)
+			return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
 			die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
-		if (type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			pprint_tag(sha1, buf, size);
-			return 0;
-		}
 
 		/* otherwise just spit out the data */
 		break;
 
-	case 'c':
-		if (!obj_context.path[0])
-			die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
-			    obj_name);
-
-		if (!textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, &buf, &size))
-			die("git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on %s",
-			    obj_name);
-		break;
-
 	case 0:
+		if (type_from_string(exp_type) == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
+			if (sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL) == OBJ_TAG) {
+				char *buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+				const char *target;
+				if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "object ", &target) ||
+				    get_sha1_hex(target, blob_sha1))
+					die("%s not a valid tag", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				free(buffer);
+			} else
+				hashcpy(blob_sha1, sha1);
+
+			if (sha1_object_info(blob_sha1, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
+				return stream_blob_to_fd(1, blob_sha1, NULL, 0);
+			/*
+			 * we attempted to dereference a tag to a blob
+			 * and failed; there may be new dereference
+			 * mechanisms this code is not aware of.
+			 * fall-back to the usual case.
+			 */
+		}
 		buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, exp_type, &size, NULL);
 		break;
 
@@ -163,109 +127,384 @@ static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, int print_contents)
-{
+struct expand_data {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	enum object_type type = 0;
+	enum object_type type;
 	unsigned long size;
-	void *contents = contents;
+	unsigned long disk_size;
+	const char *rest;
+	unsigned char delta_base_sha1[20];
 
-	if (!obj_name)
-	   return 1;
+	/*
+	 * If mark_query is true, we do not expand anything, but rather
+	 * just mark the object_info with items we wish to query.
+	 */
+	int mark_query;
 
-	if (get_sha1(obj_name, sha1)) {
-		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
-		fflush(stdout);
+	/*
+	 * Whether to split the input on whitespace before feeding it to
+	 * get_sha1; this is decided during the mark_query phase based on
+	 * whether we have a %(rest) token in our format.
+	 */
+	int split_on_whitespace;
+
+	/*
+	 * After a mark_query run, this object_info is set up to be
+	 * passed to sha1_object_info_extended. It will point to the data
+	 * elements above, so you can retrieve the response from there.
+	 */
+	struct object_info info;
+
+	/*
+	 * This flag will be true if the requested batch format and options
+	 * don't require us to call sha1_object_info, which can then be
+	 * optimized out.
+	 */
+	unsigned skip_object_info : 1;
+};
+
+static int is_atom(const char *atom, const char *s, int slen)
+{
+	int alen = strlen(atom);
+	return alen == slen && !memcmp(atom, s, alen);
+}
+
+static void expand_atom(struct strbuf *sb, const char *atom, int len,
+			void *vdata)
+{
+	struct expand_data *data = vdata;
+
+	if (is_atom("objectname", atom, len)) {
+		if (!data->mark_query)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(data->sha1));
+	} else if (is_atom("objecttype", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.typep = &data->type;
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, typename(data->type));
+	} else if (is_atom("objectsize", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.sizep = &data->size;
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->size);
+	} else if (is_atom("objectsize:disk", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.disk_sizep = &data->disk_size;
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->disk_size);
+	} else if (is_atom("rest", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->split_on_whitespace = 1;
+		else if (data->rest)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, data->rest);
+	} else if (is_atom("deltabase", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.delta_base_sha1 = data->delta_base_sha1;
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(data->delta_base_sha1));
+	} else
+		die("unknown format element: %.*s", len, atom);
+}
+
+static size_t expand_format(struct strbuf *sb, const char *start, void *data)
+{
+	const char *end;
+
+	if (*start != '(')
 		return 0;
+	end = strchr(start + 1, ')');
+	if (!end)
+		die("format element '%s' does not end in ')'", start);
+
+	expand_atom(sb, start + 1, end - start - 1, data);
+
+	return end - start + 1;
+}
+
+static void batch_write(struct batch_options *opt, const void *data, int len)
+{
+	if (opt->buffer_output) {
+		if (fwrite(data, 1, len, stdout) != len)
+			die_errno("unable to write to stdout");
+	} else
+		write_or_die(1, data, len);
+}
+
+static void print_object_or_die(struct batch_options *opt, struct expand_data *data)
+{
+	const unsigned char *sha1 = data->sha1;
+
+	assert(data->info.typep);
+
+	if (data->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		if (opt->buffer_output)
+			fflush(stdout);
+		if (stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0) < 0)
+			die("unable to stream %s to stdout", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	else {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		void *contents;
 
-	if (print_contents == BATCH)
 		contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-	else
-		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
+		if (!contents)
+			die("object %s disappeared", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (type != data->type)
+			die("object %s changed type!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (data->info.sizep && size != data->size)
+			die("object %s changed size!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		batch_write(opt, contents, size);
+		free(contents);
+	}
+}
+
+static void batch_object_write(const char *obj_name, struct batch_options *opt,
+			       struct expand_data *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (type <= 0) {
-		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
+	if (!data->skip_object_info &&
+	    sha1_object_info_extended(data->sha1, &data->info, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT) < 0) {
+		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name ? obj_name : sha1_to_hex(data->sha1));
 		fflush(stdout);
-		if (print_contents == BATCH)
-			free(contents);
-		return 0;
+		return;
 	}
 
-	printf("%s %s %lu\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type), size);
-	fflush(stdout);
+	strbuf_expand(&buf, opt->format, expand_format, data);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	batch_write(opt, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	if (print_contents == BATCH) {
-		write_or_die(1, contents, size);
-		printf("\n");
+	if (opt->print_contents) {
+		print_object_or_die(opt, data);
+		batch_write(opt, "\n", 1);
+	}
+}
+
+static void batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, struct batch_options *opt,
+			     struct expand_data *data)
+{
+	struct object_context ctx;
+	int flags = opt->follow_symlinks ? GET_SHA1_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS : 0;
+	enum follow_symlinks_result result;
+
+	result = get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, flags, data->sha1, &ctx);
+	if (result != FOUND) {
+		switch (result) {
+		case MISSING_OBJECT:
+			printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
+			break;
+		case DANGLING_SYMLINK:
+			printf("dangling %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
+			       (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
+			break;
+		case SYMLINK_LOOP:
+			printf("loop %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
+			       (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
+			break;
+		case NOT_DIR:
+			printf("notdir %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
+			       (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("BUG: unknown get_sha1_with_context result %d\n",
+			       result);
+			break;
+		}
 		fflush(stdout);
-		free(contents);
+		return;
 	}
 
+	if (ctx.mode == 0) {
+		printf("symlink %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
+		       (uintmax_t)ctx.symlink_path.len,
+		       ctx.symlink_path.buf);
+		fflush(stdout);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	batch_object_write(obj_name, opt, data);
+}
+
+struct object_cb_data {
+	struct batch_options *opt;
+	struct expand_data *expand;
+};
+
+static void batch_object_cb(const unsigned char sha1[20], void *vdata)
+{
+	struct object_cb_data *data = vdata;
+	hashcpy(data->expand->sha1, sha1);
+	batch_object_write(NULL, data->opt, data->expand);
+}
+
+static int batch_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      const char *path,
+			      void *data)
+{
+	sha1_array_append(data, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int batch_objects(int print_contents)
+static int batch_packed_object(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			       struct packed_git *pack,
+			       uint32_t pos,
+			       void *data)
+{
+	sha1_array_append(data, sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct expand_data data;
+	int save_warning;
+	int retval = 0;
+
+	if (!opt->format)
+		opt->format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize)";
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-		int error = batch_one_object(buf.buf, print_contents);
-		if (error)
-			return error;
+	/*
+	 * Expand once with our special mark_query flag, which will prime the
+	 * object_info to be handed to sha1_object_info_extended for each
+	 * object.
+	 */
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.mark_query = 1;
+	strbuf_expand(&buf, opt->format, expand_format, &data);
+	data.mark_query = 0;
+
+	if (opt->all_objects) {
+		struct object_info empty;
+		memset(&empty, 0, sizeof(empty));
+		if (!memcmp(&data.info, &empty, sizeof(empty)))
+			data.skip_object_info = 1;
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	/*
+	 * If we are printing out the object, then always fill in the type,
+	 * since we will want to decide whether or not to stream.
+	 */
+	if (opt->print_contents)
+		data.info.typep = &data.type;
+
+	if (opt->all_objects) {
+		struct sha1_array sa = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct object_cb_data cb;
+
+		for_each_loose_object(batch_loose_object, &sa, 0);
+		for_each_packed_object(batch_packed_object, &sa, 0);
+
+		cb.opt = opt;
+		cb.expand = &data;
+		sha1_array_for_each_unique(&sa, batch_object_cb, &cb);
+
+		sha1_array_clear(&sa);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We are going to call get_sha1 on a potentially very large number of
+	 * objects. In most large cases, these will be actual object sha1s. The
+	 * cost to double-check that each one is not also a ref (just so we can
+	 * warn) ends up dwarfing the actual cost of the object lookups
+	 * themselves. We can work around it by just turning off the warning.
+	 */
+	save_warning = warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+		if (data.split_on_whitespace) {
+			/*
+			 * Split at first whitespace, tying off the beginning
+			 * of the string and saving the remainder (or NULL) in
+			 * data.rest.
+			 */
+			char *p = strpbrk(buf.buf, " \t");
+			if (p) {
+				while (*p && strchr(" \t", *p))
+					*p++ = '\0';
+			}
+			data.rest = p;
+		}
+
+		batch_one_object(buf.buf, opt, &data);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = save_warning;
+	return retval;
 }
 
 static const char * const cat_file_usage[] = {
-	"git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>",
-	"git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>",
+	N_("git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"),
+	N_("git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int git_cat_file_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	switch (userdiff_config(var, value)) {
-	case 0:
-		break;
-	case -1:
+	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	default:
-		return 0;
-	}
 
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static int batch_option_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				 const char *arg,
+				 int unset)
+{
+	struct batch_options *bo = opt->value;
+
+	if (bo->enabled) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	bo->enabled = 1;
+	bo->print_contents = !strcmp(opt->long_name, "batch");
+	bo->format = arg;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opt = 0, batch = 0;
+	int opt = 0;
 	const char *exp_type = NULL, *obj_name = NULL;
+	struct batch_options batch = {0};
+	int unknown_type = 0;
 
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', NULL, &opt, "show object type", 't'),
-		OPT_SET_INT('s', NULL, &opt, "show object size", 's'),
-		OPT_SET_INT('e', NULL, &opt,
-			    "exit with zero when there's no error", 'e'),
-		OPT_SET_INT('p', NULL, &opt, "pretty-print object's content", 'p'),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "textconv", &opt,
-			    "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content", 'c'),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch", &batch,
-			    "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input",
-			    BATCH),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch-check", &batch,
-			    "show info about objects fed from the standard input",
-			    BATCH_CHECK),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('t', NULL, &opt, N_("show object type"), 't'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('s', NULL, &opt, N_("show object size"), 's'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('e', NULL, &opt,
+			    N_("exit with zero when there's no error"), 'e'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('p', NULL, &opt, N_("pretty-print object's content"), 'p'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "textconv", &opt,
+			    N_("for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"), 'c'),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-unknown-type", &unknown_type,
+			  N_("allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "buffer", &batch.buffer_output, N_("buffer --batch output")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch", &batch, "format",
+			N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch-check", &batch, "format",
+			N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "follow-symlinks", &batch.follow_symlinks,
+			 N_("follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "batch-all-objects", &batch.all_objects,
+			 N_("show all objects with --batch or --batch-check")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_cat_file_config, NULL);
 
-	if (argc != 3 && argc != 2)
-		usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
-
+	batch.buffer_output = -1;
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, cat_file_usage, 0);
 
 	if (opt) {
@@ -274,19 +513,28 @@ int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		else
 			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
-	if (!opt && !batch) {
+	if (!opt && !batch.enabled) {
 		if (argc == 2) {
 			exp_type = argv[0];
 			obj_name = argv[1];
 		} else
 			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
-	if (batch && (opt || argc)) {
+	if (batch.enabled && (opt || argc)) {
 		usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
 
-	if (batch)
-		return batch_objects(batch);
+	if ((batch.follow_symlinks || batch.all_objects) && !batch.enabled) {
+		usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
+	}
+
+	if (batch.buffer_output < 0)
+		batch.buffer_output = batch.all_objects;
+
+	if (batch.enabled)
+		return batch_objects(&batch);
 
-	return cat_one_file(opt, exp_type, obj_name);
+	if (unknown_type && opt != 't' && opt != 's')
+		die("git cat-file --allow-unknown-type: use with -s or -t");
+	return cat_one_file(opt, exp_type, obj_name, unknown_type);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/check-attr.c b/builtin/check-attr.c
index 44c421eb0f..53a5a18c16 100644
--- a/builtin/check-attr.c
+++ b/builtin/check-attr.c
@@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ static int all_attrs;
 static int cached_attrs;
 static int stdin_paths;
 static const char * const check_attr_usage[] = {
-"git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname...",
-"git check-attr --stdin [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>",
+N_("git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."),
+N_("git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"),
 NULL
 };
 
-static int null_term_line;
+static int nul_term_line;
 
 static const struct option check_attr_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_attrs, "report all attributes set on file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, "use .gitattributes only from the index"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, "read file names from stdin"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', NULL, &null_term_line,
-		"input paths are terminated by a null character"),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all_attrs, N_("report all attributes set on file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, N_("use .gitattributes only from the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+		 N_("terminate input and output records by a NUL character")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -38,8 +38,16 @@ static void output_attr(int cnt, struct git_attr_check *check,
 		else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
 			value = "unspecified";
 
-		quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
-		printf(": %s: %s\n", git_attr_name(check[j].attr), value);
+		if (nul_term_line) {
+			printf("%s%c" /* path */
+			       "%s%c" /* attrname */
+			       "%s%c" /* attrvalue */,
+			       file, 0, git_attr_name(check[j].attr), 0, value, 0);
+		} else {
+			quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			printf(": %s: %s\n", git_attr_name(check[j].attr), value);
+		}
+
 	}
 }
 
@@ -64,23 +72,23 @@ static void check_attr(const char *prefix, int cnt,
 static void check_attr_stdin_paths(const char *prefix, int cnt,
 	struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
-	int line_termination = null_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
-
-	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
-	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
-		if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
-			strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
-			if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf unquoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn;
+
+	getline_fn = nul_term_line ? strbuf_getline_nul : strbuf_getline_lf;
+	while (getline_fn(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+		if (!nul_term_line && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&unquoted);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&unquoted, buf.buf, NULL))
 				die("line is badly quoted");
-			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &unquoted);
 		}
 		check_attr(prefix, cnt, check, buf.buf);
 		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "attribute to stdout");
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+	strbuf_release(&unquoted);
 }
 
 static NORETURN void error_with_usage(const char *msg)
@@ -94,6 +102,9 @@ int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct git_attr_check *check;
 	int cnt, i, doubledash, filei;
 
+	if (!is_bare_repository())
+		setup_work_tree();
+
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_attr_options,
diff --git a/builtin/check-ignore.c b/builtin/check-ignore.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d73d3ca3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-ignore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int quiet, verbose, stdin_paths, show_non_matching, no_index;
+static const char * const check_ignore_usage[] = {
+"git check-ignore [<options>] <pathname>...",
+"git check-ignore [<options>] --stdin",
+NULL
+};
+
+static int nul_term_line;
+
+static const struct option check_ignore_options[] = {
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+	OPT_GROUP(""),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &stdin_paths,
+		 N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+		 N_("terminate input and output records by a NUL character")),
+	OPT_BOOL('n', "non-matching", &show_non_matching,
+		 N_("show non-matching input paths")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "no-index", &no_index,
+		 N_("ignore index when checking")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void output_exclude(const char *path, struct exclude *exclude)
+{
+	char *bang  = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)  ? "!" : "";
+	char *slash = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) ? "/" : "";
+	if (!nul_term_line) {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			write_name_quoted(path, stdout, '\n');
+		} else {
+			if (exclude) {
+				quote_c_style(exclude->el->src, NULL, stdout, 0);
+				printf(":%d:%s%s%s\t",
+				       exclude->srcpos,
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash);
+			}
+			else {
+				printf("::\t");
+			}
+			quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			fputc('\n', stdout);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			printf("%s%c", path, '\0');
+		} else {
+			if (exclude)
+				printf("%s%c%d%c%s%s%s%c%s%c",
+				       exclude->el->src, '\0',
+				       exclude->srcpos, '\0',
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash, '\0',
+				       path, '\0');
+			else
+				printf("%c%c%c%s%c", '\0', '\0', '\0', path, '\0');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int check_ignore(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			const char *prefix, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *full_path;
+	char *seen;
+	int num_ignored = 0, dtype = DT_UNKNOWN, i;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+
+	if (!argc) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			fprintf(stderr, "no pathspec given.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * check-ignore just needs paths. Magic beyond :/ is really
+	 * irrelevant.
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_FROMTOP,
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE |
+		       PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER,
+		       prefix, argv);
+
+	/*
+	 * look for pathspecs matching entries in the index, since these
+	 * should not be ignored, in order to be consistent with
+	 * 'git status', 'git add' etc.
+	 */
+	seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(&pathspec);
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+		full_path = pathspec.items[i].match;
+		exclude = NULL;
+		if (!seen[i]) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching(dir, full_path, &dtype);
+		}
+		if (!quiet && (exclude || show_non_matching))
+			output_exclude(pathspec.items[i].original, exclude);
+		if (exclude)
+			num_ignored++;
+	}
+	free(seen);
+
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+static int check_ignore_stdin_paths(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf unquoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *pathspec[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn;
+	int num_ignored = 0;
+
+	getline_fn = nul_term_line ? strbuf_getline_nul : strbuf_getline_lf;
+	while (getline_fn(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+		if (!nul_term_line && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&unquoted);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&unquoted, buf.buf, NULL))
+				die("line is badly quoted");
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &unquoted);
+		}
+		pathspec[0] = buf.buf;
+		num_ignored += check_ignore(dir, prefix,
+					    1, (const char **)pathspec);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "check-ignore to stdout");
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&unquoted);
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int num_ignored;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_ignore_options,
+			     check_ignore_usage, 0);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		if (argc > 0)
+			die(_("cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"));
+	} else {
+		if (nul_term_line)
+			die(_("-z only makes sense with --stdin"));
+		if (argc == 0)
+			die(_("no path specified"));
+	}
+	if (quiet) {
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"));
+		if (verbose)
+			die(_("cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"));
+	}
+	if (show_non_matching && !verbose)
+		die(_("--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"));
+
+	/* read_cache() is only necessary so we can watch out for submodules. */
+	if (!no_index && read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore_stdin_paths(&dir, prefix);
+	} else {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore(&dir, prefix, argc, argv);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "ignore to stdout");
+	}
+
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	return !num_ignored;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/check-mailmap.c b/builtin/check-mailmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf0f54f6b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-mailmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int use_stdin;
+static const char * const check_mailmap_usage[] = {
+N_("git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."),
+NULL
+};
+
+static const struct option check_mailmap_options[] = {
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &use_stdin, N_("also read contacts from stdin")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void check_mailmap(struct string_list *mailmap, const char *contact)
+{
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, contact, strlen(contact)))
+		die(_("unable to parse contact: %s"), contact);
+
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+
+	map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
+
+	if (namelen)
+		printf("%.*s ", (int)namelen, name);
+	printf("<%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mail);
+}
+
+int cmd_check_mailmap(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_mailmap_options,
+			     check_mailmap_usage, 0);
+	if (argc == 0 && !use_stdin)
+		die(_("no contacts specified"));
+
+	read_mailmap(&mailmap, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
+		check_mailmap(&mailmap, argv[i]);
+	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+
+	if (use_stdin) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		while (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+			check_mailmap(&mailmap, buf.buf);
+			maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
+	clear_mailmap(&mailmap);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/check-ref-format.c b/builtin/check-ref-format.c
index 28a7320271..eac499450f 100644
--- a/builtin/check-ref-format.c
+++ b/builtin/check-ref-format.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 static const char builtin_check_ref_format_usage[] =
-"git check-ref-format [--normalize] [options] <refname>\n"
+"git check-ref-format [--normalize] [<options>] <refname>\n"
 "   or: git check-ref-format --branch <branchname-shorthand>";
 
 /*
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ static const char builtin_check_ref_format_usage[] =
  */
 static char *collapse_slashes(const char *refname)
 {
-	char *ret = xmalloc(strlen(refname) + 1);
+	char *ret = xmallocz(strlen(refname));
 	char ch;
 	char prev = '/';
 	char *cp = ret;
diff --git a/builtin/checkout-index.c b/builtin/checkout-index.c
index c16d82b7de..92c69672e9 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout-index.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout-index.c
@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@
  *
  */
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 #define CHECKOUT_ALL 4
-static int line_termination = '\n';
+static int nul_term_line;
 static int checkout_stage; /* default to checkout stage0 */
 static int to_tempfile;
-static char topath[4][PATH_MAX + 1];
+static char topath[4][TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH + 1];
 
 static struct checkout state;
 
-static void write_tempfile_record(const char *name, int prefix_length)
+static void write_tempfile_record(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -35,14 +35,15 @@ static void write_tempfile_record(const char *name, int prefix_length)
 		fputs(topath[checkout_stage], stdout);
 
 	putchar('\t');
-	write_name_quoted(name + prefix_length, stdout, line_termination);
+	write_name_quoted_relative(name, prefix, stdout,
+				   nul_term_line ? '\0' : '\n');
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 		topath[i][0] = 0;
 	}
 }
 
-static int checkout_file(const char *name, int prefix_length)
+static int checkout_file(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int namelen = strlen(name);
 	int pos = cache_name_pos(name, namelen);
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ static int checkout_file(const char *name, int prefix_length)
 
 	if (did_checkout) {
 		if (to_tempfile)
-			write_tempfile_record(name, prefix_length);
+			write_tempfile_record(name, prefix);
 		return errs > 0 ? -1 : 0;
 	}
 
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ static void checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
 		if (last_ce && to_tempfile) {
 			if (ce_namelen(last_ce) != ce_namelen(ce)
 			    || memcmp(last_ce->name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
-				write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix_length);
+				write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix);
 		}
 		if (checkout_entry(ce, &state,
 		    to_tempfile ? topath[ce_stage(ce)] : NULL) < 0)
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ static void checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
 		last_ce = ce;
 	}
 	if (last_ce && to_tempfile)
-		write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix_length);
+		write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix);
 	if (errs)
 		/* we have already done our error reporting.
 		 * exit with the same code as die().
@@ -123,41 +124,12 @@ static void checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
 }
 
 static const char * const builtin_checkout_index_usage[] = {
-	"git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
-static int option_parse_u(const struct option *opt,
-			      const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	int *newfd = opt->value;
-
-	state.refresh_cache = 1;
-	if (*newfd < 0)
-		*newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
-			  const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	if (unset)
-		line_termination = '\n';
-	else
-		line_termination = 0;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int option_parse_prefix(const struct option *opt,
-			       const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	state.base_dir = arg;
-	state.base_dir_len = strlen(arg);
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int option_parse_stage(const struct option *opt,
 			      const char *arg, int unset)
 {
@@ -169,7 +141,7 @@ static int option_parse_stage(const struct option *opt,
 		if ('1' <= ch && ch <= '3')
 			checkout_stage = arg[0] - '0';
 		else
-			die("stage should be between 1 and 3 or all");
+			die(_("stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"));
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -182,30 +154,28 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int read_from_stdin = 0;
 	int prefix_length;
 	int force = 0, quiet = 0, not_new = 0;
+	int index_opt = 0;
 	struct option builtin_checkout_index_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all,
-			"checks out all files in the index"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "forces overwrite of existing files"),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all,
+			N_("check out all files in the index")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of existing files")),
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-			"no warning for existing files and files not in index"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-create", &not_new,
-			"don't checkout new files"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'u', "index", &newfd, NULL,
-			"update stat information in the index file",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_u },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-			"paths are separated with NUL character",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
-			"read list of paths from the standard input"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
-			"write the content to temporary files"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "prefix", NULL, "string",
-			"when creating files, prepend <string>",
-			option_parse_prefix),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "stage", NULL, NULL,
-			"copy out the files from named stage",
-			option_parse_stage),
+			N_("no warning for existing files and files not in index")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-create", &not_new,
+			N_("don't checkout new files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('u', "index", &index_opt,
+			 N_("update stat information in the index file")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+			N_("paths are separated with NUL character")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
+			N_("read list of paths from the standard input")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
+			N_("write the content to temporary files")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &state.base_dir, N_("string"),
+			N_("when creating files, prepend <string>")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "stage", NULL, "1-3|all",
+			N_("copy out the files from named stage"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG, option_parse_stage },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -213,7 +183,6 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_checkout_index_usage,
 				   builtin_checkout_index_options);
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
-	state.base_dir = "";
 	prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0) {
@@ -226,52 +195,55 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	state.quiet = quiet;
 	state.not_new = not_new;
 
-	if (state.base_dir_len || to_tempfile) {
-		/* when --prefix is specified we do not
-		 * want to update cache.
-		 */
-		if (state.refresh_cache) {
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock_file);
-			newfd = -1;
-		}
-		state.refresh_cache = 0;
+	if (!state.base_dir)
+		state.base_dir = "";
+	state.base_dir_len = strlen(state.base_dir);
+
+	/*
+	 * when --prefix is specified we do not want to update cache.
+	 */
+	if (index_opt && !state.base_dir_len && !to_tempfile) {
+		state.refresh_cache = 1;
+		state.istate = &the_index;
+		newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 	}
 
 	/* Check out named files first */
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
-		const char *p;
+		char *p;
 
 		if (all)
 			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--all' and explicit filenames");
 		if (read_from_stdin)
 			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--stdin' and explicit filenames");
 		p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
-		checkout_file(p, prefix_length);
-		if (p < arg || p > arg + strlen(arg))
-			free((char *)p);
+		checkout_file(p, prefix);
+		free(p);
 	}
 
 	if (read_from_stdin) {
-		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf unquoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn;
 
 		if (all)
 			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--all' and '--stdin'");
 
-		while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
-			const char *p;
-			if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
-				strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
-				if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+		getline_fn = nul_term_line ? strbuf_getline_nul : strbuf_getline_lf;
+		while (getline_fn(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+			char *p;
+			if (!nul_term_line && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+				strbuf_reset(&unquoted);
+				if (unquote_c_style(&unquoted, buf.buf, NULL))
 					die("line is badly quoted");
-				strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+				strbuf_swap(&buf, &unquoted);
 			}
 			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, buf.buf);
-			checkout_file(p, prefix_length);
-			if (p < buf.buf || p > buf.buf + buf.len)
-				free((char *)p);
+			checkout_file(p, prefix);
+			free(p);
 		}
-		strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+		strbuf_release(&unquoted);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
@@ -279,8 +251,7 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		checkout_all(prefix, prefix_length);
 
 	if (0 <= newfd &&
-	    (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	     commit_locked_index(&lock_file)))
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die("Unable to write new index file");
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index f1984d9933..c3486bdec3 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "commit.h"
@@ -18,26 +18,26 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const checkout_usage[] = {
-	"git checkout [options] <branch>",
-	"git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>...",
+	N_("git checkout [<options>] <branch>"),
+	N_("git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."),
 	NULL,
 };
 
 struct checkout_opts {
+	int patch_mode;
 	int quiet;
 	int merge;
 	int force;
 	int force_detach;
 	int writeout_stage;
-	int writeout_error;
 	int overwrite_ignore;
-
-	/* not set by parse_options */
-	int branch_exists;
+	int ignore_skipworktree;
+	int ignore_other_worktrees;
+	int show_progress;
 
 	const char *new_branch;
 	const char *new_branch_force;
@@ -45,46 +45,67 @@ struct checkout_opts {
 	int new_branch_log;
 	enum branch_track track;
 	struct diff_options diff_options;
+
+	int branch_exists;
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	struct tree *source_tree;
 };
 
 static int post_checkout_hook(struct commit *old, struct commit *new,
 			      int changed)
 {
-	return run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout",
-			sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
-			sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
-			changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+	return run_hook_le(NULL, "post-checkout",
+			   sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.oid.hash : null_sha1),
+			   sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.oid.hash : null_sha1),
+			   changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
 	/* "new" can be NULL when checking out from the index before
 	   a commit exists. */
 
 }
 
-static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
+static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
 		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
 	int len;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int pos;
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
 		return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
 
-	len = baselen + strlen(pathname);
+	len = base->len + strlen(pathname);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
-	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
-	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len - baselen);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0) | CE_UPDATE;
+	memcpy(ce->name, base->buf, base->len);
+	memcpy(ce->name + base->len, pathname, len - base->len);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0) | CE_UPDATE;
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the entry is the same as the current index, we can leave the old
+	 * entry in place. Whether it is UPTODATE or not, checkout_entry will
+	 * do the right thing.
+	 */
+	pos = cache_name_pos(ce->name, ce->ce_namelen);
+	if (pos >= 0) {
+		struct cache_entry *old = active_cache[pos];
+		if (ce->ce_mode == old->ce_mode &&
+		    !hashcmp(ce->sha1, old->sha1)) {
+			old->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE;
+			free(ce);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
 	add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
+static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	struct pathspec ps;
-	init_pathspec(&ps, pathspec);
-	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &ps, update_some, NULL);
-	free_pathspec(&ps);
+	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, update_some, NULL);
 
 	/* update the index with the given tree's info
 	 * for all args, expanding wildcards, and exit
@@ -93,7 +114,7 @@ static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int skip_same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	while (++pos < active_nr &&
 	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name))
@@ -101,7 +122,7 @@ static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 	return pos;
 }
 
-static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stage(int stage, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	while (pos < active_nr &&
 	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name)) {
@@ -115,7 +136,7 @@ static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 		return error(_("path '%s' does not have their version"), ce->name);
 }
 
-static int check_stages(unsigned stages, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stages(unsigned stages, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	unsigned seen = 0;
 	const char *name = ce->name;
@@ -214,56 +235,110 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, struct checkout *state)
 	return status;
 }
 
-static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
-			  const char *prefix, struct checkout_opts *opts)
+static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			  const char *revision)
 {
 	int pos;
 	struct checkout state;
 	static char *ps_matched;
 	unsigned char rev[20];
-	int flag;
 	struct commit *head;
 	int errs = 0;
-	int stage = opts->writeout_stage;
-	int merge = opts->merge;
-	int newfd;
-	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+
+	if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "--track");
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+	if (opts->new_branch_log)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "-l");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "-f");
+
+	if (opts->force_detach)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "--detach");
+
+	if (opts->merge && opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with %s"), "--merge", "--patch");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->merge)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with %s"), "-f", "-m");
+
+	if (opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."),
+		    opts->new_branch);
+
+	if (opts->patch_mode)
+		return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout",
+					   &opts->pathspec);
+
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+	if (read_cache_preload(&opts->pathspec) < 0)
 		return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
-	if (source_tree)
-		read_tree_some(source_tree, pathspec);
+	if (opts->source_tree)
+		read_tree_some(opts->source_tree, &opts->pathspec);
 
-	for (pos = 0; pathspec[pos]; pos++)
-		;
-	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pos);
+	ps_matched = xcalloc(opts->pathspec.nr, 1);
 
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all pathspecs participated in locating the paths
+	 * to be checked out.
+	 */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_MATCHED;
+		if (!opts->ignore_skipworktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce))
 			continue;
-		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, ps_matched);
+		if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+			/*
+			 * "git checkout tree-ish -- path", but this entry
+			 * is in the original index; it will not be checked
+			 * out to the working tree and it does not matter
+			 * if pathspec matched this entry.  We will not do
+			 * anything to this entry at all.
+			 */
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Either this entry came from the tree-ish we are
+		 * checking the paths out of, or we are checking out
+		 * of the index.
+		 *
+		 * If it comes from the tree-ish, we already know it
+		 * matches the pathspec and could just stamp
+		 * CE_MATCHED to it from update_some(). But we still
+		 * need ps_matched and read_tree_recursive (and
+		 * eventually tree_entry_interesting) cannot fill
+		 * ps_matched yet. Once it can, we can avoid calling
+		 * match_pathspec() for _all_ entries when
+		 * opts->source_tree != NULL.
+		 */
+		if (ce_path_match(ce, &opts->pathspec, ps_matched))
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 	}
 
-	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix))
+	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, &opts->pathspec, opts->prefix)) {
+		free(ps_matched);
 		return 1;
+	}
+	free(ps_matched);
 
 	/* "checkout -m path" to recreate conflicted state */
 	if (opts->merge)
-		unmerge_cache(pathspec);
+		unmerge_marked_index(&the_index);
 
 	/* Any unmerged paths? */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
 			if (opts->force) {
 				warning(_("path '%s' is unmerged"), ce->name);
-			} else if (stage) {
-				errs |= check_stage(stage, ce, pos);
+			} else if (opts->writeout_stage) {
+				errs |= check_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos);
 			} else if (opts->merge) {
 				errs |= check_stages((1<<2) | (1<<3), ce, pos);
 			} else {
@@ -280,43 +355,41 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
 	state.force = 1;
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
+	state.istate = &the_index;
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
-			continue;
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce)) {
 				errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (stage)
-				errs |= checkout_stage(stage, ce, pos, &state);
-			else if (merge)
+			if (opts->writeout_stage)
+				errs |= checkout_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos, &state);
+			else if (opts->merge)
 				errs |= checkout_merged(pos, &state);
 			pos = skip_same_name(ce, pos) - 1;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
-	read_ref_full("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
+	read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, rev, NULL);
 	head = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
 
 	errs |= post_checkout_hook(head, head, 0);
 	return errs;
 }
 
-static void show_local_changes(struct object *head, struct diff_options *opts)
+static void show_local_changes(struct object *head,
+			       const struct diff_options *opts)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	/* I think we want full paths, even if we're in a subdirectory. */
 	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.flags = opts->flags;
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
-		die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+	diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
 	add_pending_object(&rev, head, NULL);
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 0);
 }
@@ -324,14 +397,15 @@ static void show_local_changes(struct object *head, struct diff_options *opts)
 static void describe_detached_head(const char *msg, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	parse_commit(commit);
-	pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb);
+	if (!parse_commit(commit))
+		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb);
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s %s... %s\n", msg,
-		find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV), sb.buf);
+		find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV), sb.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, struct checkout_opts *o, int worktree)
+static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, const struct checkout_opts *o,
+		      int worktree, int *writeout_error)
 {
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	struct tree_desc tree_desc;
@@ -343,14 +417,14 @@ static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, struct checkout_opts *o, int worktree)
 	opts.reset = 1;
 	opts.merge = 1;
 	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
-	opts.verbose_update = !o->quiet;
+	opts.verbose_update = o->show_progress;
 	opts.src_index = &the_index;
 	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
 	parse_tree(tree);
 	init_tree_desc(&tree_desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	switch (unpack_trees(1, &tree_desc, &opts)) {
 	case -2:
-		o->writeout_error = 1;
+		*writeout_error = 1;
 		/*
 		 * We return 0 nevertheless, as the index is all right
 		 * and more importantly we have made best efforts to
@@ -368,6 +442,11 @@ struct branch_info {
 	const char *name; /* The short name used */
 	const char *path; /* The full name of a real branch */
 	struct commit *commit; /* The named commit */
+	/*
+	 * if not null the branch is detached because it's already
+	 * checked out in this checkout
+	 */
+	char *checkout;
 };
 
 static void setup_branch_path(struct branch_info *branch)
@@ -381,19 +460,21 @@ static void setup_branch_path(struct branch_info *branch)
 	branch->path = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
-static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
-			      struct branch_info *old, struct branch_info *new)
+static int merge_working_tree(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			      struct branch_info *old,
+			      struct branch_info *new,
+			      int *writeout_error)
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	int newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
 
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
 	if (read_cache_preload(NULL) < 0)
 		return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
 	resolve_undo_clear();
 	if (opts->force) {
-		ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+		ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1, writeout_error);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 	} else {
@@ -420,7 +501,7 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 		topts.update = 1;
 		topts.merge = 1;
 		topts.gently = opts->merge && old->commit;
-		topts.verbose_update = !opts->quiet;
+		topts.verbose_update = opts->show_progress;
 		topts.fn = twoway_merge;
 		if (opts->overwrite_ignore) {
 			topts.dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*topts.dir));
@@ -428,10 +509,10 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			setup_standard_excludes(topts.dir);
 		}
 		tree = parse_tree_indirect(old->commit ?
-					   old->commit->object.sha1 :
+					   old->commit->object.oid.hash :
 					   EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
 		init_tree_desc(&trees[0], tree->buffer, tree->size);
-		tree = parse_tree_indirect(new->commit->object.sha1);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(new->commit->object.oid.hash);
 		init_tree_desc(&trees[1], tree->buffer, tree->size);
 
 		ret = unpack_trees(2, trees, &topts);
@@ -467,7 +548,7 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			 * entries in the index.
 			 */
 
-			add_files_to_cache(NULL, NULL, 0);
+			add_files_to_cache(NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
 			/*
 			 * NEEDSWORK: carrying over local changes
 			 * when branches have different end-of-line
@@ -479,7 +560,8 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			o.verbosity = 0;
 			work = write_tree_from_memory(&o);
 
-			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1,
+					 writeout_error);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 			o.ancestor = old->name;
@@ -487,14 +569,20 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			o.branch2 = "local";
 			merge_trees(&o, new->commit->tree, work,
 				old->commit->tree, &result);
-			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0);
+			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0,
+					 writeout_error);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+	if (!active_cache_tree)
+		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+
+	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
+		cache_tree_update(&the_index, WRITE_TREE_SILENT | WRITE_TREE_REPAIR);
+
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
 	if (!opts->force && !opts->quiet)
@@ -514,42 +602,29 @@ static void report_tracking(struct branch_info *new)
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static void detach_advice(const char *old_path, const char *new_name)
-{
-	const char fmt[] =
-	"Note: checking out '%s'.\n\n"
-	"You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental\n"
-	"changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this\n"
-	"state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.\n\n"
-	"If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may\n"
-	"do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:\n\n"
-	"  git checkout -b new_branch_name\n\n";
-
-	fprintf(stderr, fmt, new_name);
-}
-
-static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+static void update_refs_for_switch(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
 				   struct branch_info *old,
 				   struct branch_info *new)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *old_desc;
+	const char *old_desc, *reflog_msg;
 	if (opts->new_branch) {
 		if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
 			if (opts->new_branch_log && !log_all_ref_updates) {
-				int temp;
-				char log_file[PATH_MAX];
-				char *ref_name = mkpath("refs/heads/%s", opts->new_orphan_branch);
-
-				temp = log_all_ref_updates;
-				log_all_ref_updates = 1;
-				if (log_ref_setup(ref_name, log_file, sizeof(log_file))) {
-					fprintf(stderr, _("Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"),
-					    opts->new_orphan_branch);
-					log_all_ref_updates = temp;
+				int ret;
+				char *refname;
+				struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+				refname = mkpathdup("refs/heads/%s", opts->new_orphan_branch);
+				ret = safe_create_reflog(refname, 1, &err);
+				free(refname);
+				if (ret) {
+					fprintf(stderr, _("Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"),
+						opts->new_orphan_branch, err.buf);
+					strbuf_release(&err);
 					return;
 				}
-				log_all_ref_updates = temp;
+				strbuf_release(&err);
 			}
 		}
 		else
@@ -557,6 +632,7 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 				      opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
 				      opts->new_branch_log,
 				      opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
+				      opts->quiet,
 				      opts->track);
 		new->name = opts->new_branch;
 		setup_branch_path(new);
@@ -564,22 +640,28 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 
 	old_desc = old->name;
 	if (!old_desc && old->commit)
-		old_desc = sha1_to_hex(old->commit->object.sha1);
-	strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
-		    old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+		old_desc = oid_to_hex(&old->commit->object.oid);
+
+	reflog_msg = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+	if (!reflog_msg)
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
+			old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+	else
+		strbuf_insert(&msg, 0, reflog_msg, strlen(reflog_msg));
 
 	if (!strcmp(new->name, "HEAD") && !new->path && !opts->force_detach) {
 		/* Nothing to do. */
 	} else if (opts->force_detach || !new->path) {	/* No longer on any branch. */
-		update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", new->commit->object.sha1, NULL,
-			   REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
+		update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", new->commit->object.oid.hash, NULL,
+			   REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 		if (!opts->quiet) {
 			if (old->path && advice_detached_head)
-				detach_advice(old->path, new->name);
+				detach_advice(new->name);
 			describe_detached_head(_("HEAD is now at"), new->commit);
 		}
 	} else if (new->path) {	/* Switch branches. */
-		create_symref("HEAD", new->path, msg.buf);
+		if (create_symref("HEAD", new->path, msg.buf) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to update HEAD"));
 		if (!opts->quiet) {
 			if (old->path && !strcmp(new->path, old->path)) {
 				if (opts->new_branch_force)
@@ -599,12 +681,8 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			}
 		}
 		if (old->path && old->name) {
-			char log_file[PATH_MAX], ref_file[PATH_MAX];
-
-			git_snpath(log_file, sizeof(log_file), "logs/%s", old->path);
-			git_snpath(ref_file, sizeof(ref_file), "%s", old->path);
-			if (!file_exists(ref_file) && file_exists(log_file))
-				remove_path(log_file);
+			if (!ref_exists(old->path) && reflog_exists(old->path))
+				delete_reflog(old->path);
 		}
 	}
 	remove_branch_state();
@@ -615,21 +693,21 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 }
 
 static int add_pending_uninteresting_ref(const char *refname,
-					 const unsigned char *sha1,
+					 const struct object_id *oid,
 					 int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
-	add_pending_sha1(cb_data, refname, sha1, flags | UNINTERESTING);
+	add_pending_sha1(cb_data, refname, oid->hash, UNINTERESTING);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void describe_one_orphan(struct strbuf *sb, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	parse_commit(commit);
 	strbuf_addstr(sb, "  ");
 	strbuf_addstr(sb,
-		find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-	pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, sb);
+	if (!parse_commit(commit))
+		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, sb);
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
@@ -673,11 +751,18 @@ static void suggest_reattach(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *revs)
 
 	if (advice_detached_head)
 		fprintf(stderr,
-			_(
+			Q_(
+			/* The singular version */
+			"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, "
+			"this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
+			" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n\n",
+			/* The plural version */
 			"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, "
 			"this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
-			" git branch new_branch_name %s\n\n"),
-			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n\n",
+			/* Give ngettext() the count */
+			lost),
+			find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -685,72 +770,74 @@ static void suggest_reattach(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *revs)
  * HEAD.  If it is not reachable from any ref, this is the last chance
  * for the user to do so without resorting to reflog.
  */
-static void orphaned_commit_warning(struct commit *commit)
+static void orphaned_commit_warning(struct commit *old, struct commit *new)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
-	struct object *object = &commit->object;
+	struct object *object = &old->object;
 	struct object_array refs;
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &revs, NULL);
 
 	object->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
-	add_pending_object(&revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+	add_pending_object(&revs, object, oid_to_hex(&object->oid));
 
 	for_each_ref(add_pending_uninteresting_ref, &revs);
+	add_pending_sha1(&revs, "HEAD", new->object.oid.hash, UNINTERESTING);
 
 	refs = revs.pending;
 	revs.leak_pending = 1;
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die(_("internal error in revision walk"));
-	if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
-		suggest_reattach(commit, &revs);
+	if (!(old->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+		suggest_reattach(old, &revs);
 	else
-		describe_detached_head(_("Previous HEAD position was"), commit);
+		describe_detached_head(_("Previous HEAD position was"), old);
 
 	clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(&refs, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
 	free(refs.objects);
 }
 
-static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
+static int switch_branches(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			   struct branch_info *new)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct branch_info old;
 	void *path_to_free;
 	unsigned char rev[20];
-	int flag;
+	int flag, writeout_error = 0;
 	memset(&old, 0, sizeof(old));
-	old.path = path_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
+	old.path = path_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, rev, &flag);
 	old.commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
 	if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
 		old.path = NULL;
 
-	if (old.path && !prefixcmp(old.path, "refs/heads/"))
-		old.name = old.path + strlen("refs/heads/");
+	if (old.path)
+		skip_prefix(old.path, "refs/heads/", &old.name);
 
 	if (!new->name) {
 		new->name = "HEAD";
 		new->commit = old.commit;
 		if (!new->commit)
 			die(_("You are on a branch yet to be born"));
-		parse_commit(new->commit);
+		parse_commit_or_die(new->commit);
 	}
 
-	ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new);
+	ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new, &writeout_error);
 	if (ret) {
 		free(path_to_free);
 		return ret;
 	}
 
 	if (!opts->quiet && !old.path && old.commit && new->commit != old.commit)
-		orphaned_commit_warning(old.commit);
+		orphaned_commit_warning(old.commit, new->commit);
 
 	update_refs_for_switch(opts, &old, new);
 
 	ret = post_checkout_hook(old.commit, new->commit, 1);
 	free(path_to_free);
-	return ret || opts->writeout_error;
+	return ret || writeout_error;
 }
 
 static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
@@ -761,65 +848,67 @@ static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "submodule."))
 		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
 
 	return git_xmerge_config(var, value, NULL);
 }
 
-static int interactive_checkout(const char *revision, const char **pathspec,
-				struct checkout_opts *opts)
-{
-	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout", pathspec);
-}
-
 struct tracking_name_data {
-	const char *name;
-	char *remote;
+	/* const */ char *src_ref;
+	char *dst_ref;
+	unsigned char *dst_sha1;
 	int unique;
 };
 
-static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			       int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int check_tracking_name(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct tracking_name_data *cb = cb_data;
-	const char *slash;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
-		return 0;
-	slash = strchr(refname + 13, '/');
-	if (!slash || strcmp(slash + 1, cb->name))
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.src = cb->src_ref;
+	if (remote_find_tracking(remote, &query) ||
+	    get_sha1(query.dst, cb->dst_sha1)) {
+		free(query.dst);
 		return 0;
-	if (cb->remote) {
+	}
+	if (cb->dst_ref) {
+		free(query.dst);
 		cb->unique = 0;
 		return 0;
 	}
-	cb->remote = xstrdup(refname);
+	cb->dst_ref = query.dst;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
+static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, 1 };
-	cb_data.name = name;
-	for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
+	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, NULL, 1 };
+	char src_ref[PATH_MAX];
+	snprintf(src_ref, PATH_MAX, "refs/heads/%s", name);
+	cb_data.src_ref = src_ref;
+	cb_data.dst_sha1 = sha1;
+	for_each_remote(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
 	if (cb_data.unique)
-		return cb_data.remote;
-	free(cb_data.remote);
+		return cb_data.dst_ref;
+	free(cb_data.dst_ref);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
 static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 				int dwim_new_local_branch_ok,
 				struct branch_info *new,
-				struct tree **source_tree,
-				unsigned char rev[20],
-				const char **new_branch)
+				struct checkout_opts *opts,
+				unsigned char rev[20])
 {
+	struct tree **source_tree = &opts->source_tree;
+	const char **new_branch = &opts->new_branch;
 	int argcount = 0;
 	unsigned char branch_rev[20];
 	const char *arg;
-	int has_dash_dash;
+	int dash_dash_pos;
+	int has_dash_dash = 0;
+	int i;
 
 	/*
 	 * case 1: git checkout <ref> -- [<paths>]
@@ -831,20 +920,30 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 	 *
 	 *   everything after the '--' must be paths.
 	 *
-	 * case 3: git checkout <something> [<paths>]
+	 * case 3: git checkout <something> [--]
 	 *
-	 *   With no paths, if <something> is a commit, that is to
-	 *   switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
-	 *   if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
-	 *   omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
-	 *   between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
+	 *   (a) If <something> is a commit, that is to
+	 *       switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
+	 *       if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
+	 *       omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
+	 *       between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
 	 *
-	 *   With no paths, if <something> is _not_ a commit, no -t nor -b
-	 *   was given, and there is a tracking branch whose name is
-	 *   <something> in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand
-	 *   to fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
+	 *   (b) If <something> is _not_ a commit, either "--" is present
+	 *       or <something> is not a path, no -t or -b was given, and
+	 *       and there is a tracking branch whose name is <something>
+	 *       in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand to
+	 *       fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
 	 *
-	 *   Otherwise <something> shall not be ambiguous.
+	 *   (c) Otherwise, if "--" is present, treat it like case (1).
+	 *
+	 *   (d) Otherwise :
+	 *       - if it's a reference, treat it like case (1)
+	 *       - else if it's a path, treat it like case (2)
+	 *       - else: fail.
+	 *
+	 * case 4: git checkout <something> <paths>
+	 *
+	 *   The first argument must not be ambiguous.
 	 *   - If it's *only* a reference, treat it like case (1).
 	 *   - If it's only a path, treat it like case (2).
 	 *   - else: fail.
@@ -853,28 +952,60 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 	if (!argc)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--"))	/* case (2) */
-		return 1;
-
 	arg = argv[0];
-	has_dash_dash = (argc > 1) && !strcmp(argv[1], "--");
+	dash_dash_pos = -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			dash_dash_pos = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (dash_dash_pos == 0)
+		return 1; /* case (2) */
+	else if (dash_dash_pos == 1)
+		has_dash_dash = 1; /* case (3) or (1) */
+	else if (dash_dash_pos >= 2)
+		die(_("only one reference expected, %d given."), dash_dash_pos);
 
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
 		arg = "@{-1}";
 
 	if (get_sha1_mb(arg, rev)) {
-		if (has_dash_dash)          /* case (1) */
-			die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
-		if (dwim_new_local_branch_ok &&
-		    !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
-		    argc == 1) {
-			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
-			if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
-				return argcount;
-			*new_branch = arg;
-			arg = remote;
-			/* DWIMmed to create local branch */
-		} else {
+		/*
+		 * Either case (3) or (4), with <something> not being
+		 * a commit, or an attempt to use case (1) with an
+		 * invalid ref.
+		 *
+		 * It's likely an error, but we need to find out if
+		 * we should auto-create the branch, case (3).(b).
+		 */
+		int recover_with_dwim = dwim_new_local_branch_ok;
+
+		if (!has_dash_dash &&
+		    (check_filename(NULL, arg) || !no_wildcard(arg)))
+			recover_with_dwim = 0;
+		/*
+		 * Accept "git checkout foo" and "git checkout foo --"
+		 * as candidates for dwim.
+		 */
+		if (!(argc == 1 && !has_dash_dash) &&
+		    !(argc == 2 && has_dash_dash))
+			recover_with_dwim = 0;
+
+		if (recover_with_dwim) {
+			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg, rev);
+			if (remote) {
+				*new_branch = arg;
+				arg = remote;
+				/* DWIMmed to create local branch, case (3).(b) */
+			} else {
+				recover_with_dwim = 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!recover_with_dwim) {
+			if (has_dash_dash)
+				die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
 			return argcount;
 		}
 	}
@@ -898,13 +1029,13 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 		/* not a commit */
 		*source_tree = parse_tree_indirect(rev);
 	} else {
-		parse_commit(new->commit);
+		parse_commit_or_die(new->commit);
 		*source_tree = new->commit->tree;
 	}
 
 	if (!*source_tree)                   /* case (1): want a tree */
 		die(_("reference is not a tree: %s"), arg);
-	if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3 -> 1) */
+	if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3).(d) -> (1) */
 		/*
 		 * Do not complain the most common case
 		 *	git checkout branch
@@ -922,45 +1053,120 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 	return argcount;
 }
 
+static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(const struct checkout_opts *opts)
+{
+	int status;
+	struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("You are on a branch yet to be born"));
+	strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", opts->new_branch);
+	status = create_symref("HEAD", branch_ref.buf, "checkout -b");
+	strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
+	if (!opts->quiet)
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"),
+			opts->new_branch);
+	return status;
+}
+
+static int checkout_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			   struct branch_info *new)
+{
+	if (opts->pathspec.nr)
+		die(_("paths cannot be used with switching branches"));
+
+	if (opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"),
+		    "--patch");
+
+	if (opts->writeout_stage)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"),
+		    "--ours/--theirs");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->merge)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "-f", "-m");
+
+	if (opts->force_detach && opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"),
+		    "--detach", "-b/-B/--orphan");
+
+	if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
+		if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+			die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "--orphan", "-t");
+	} else if (opts->force_detach) {
+		if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+			die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "--detach", "-t");
+	} else if (opts->track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+		opts->track = git_branch_track;
+
+	if (new->name && !new->commit)
+		die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"),
+		    new->name);
+
+	if (new->path && !opts->force_detach && !opts->new_branch &&
+	    !opts->ignore_other_worktrees) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		int flag;
+		char *head_ref = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, sha1, &flag);
+		if (head_ref &&
+		    (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF) || strcmp(head_ref, new->path)))
+			die_if_checked_out(new->path, 1);
+		free(head_ref);
+	}
+
+	if (!new->commit && opts->new_branch) {
+		unsigned char rev[20];
+		int flag;
+
+		if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, rev, &flag) &&
+		    (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && is_null_sha1(rev))
+			return switch_unborn_to_new_branch(opts);
+	}
+	return switch_branches(opts, new);
+}
+
 int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct checkout_opts opts;
-	unsigned char rev[20];
 	struct branch_info new;
-	struct tree *source_tree = NULL;
 	char *conflict_style = NULL;
-	int patch_mode = 0;
 	int dwim_new_local_branch = 1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
-		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "branch",
-			   "create and checkout a new branch"),
-		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, "branch",
-			   "create/reset and checkout a branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, "create reflog for new branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, "detach the HEAD at named commit"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, "set upstream info for new branch",
+		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, N_("branch"),
+			   N_("create and checkout a new branch")),
+		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, N_("branch"),
+			   N_("create/reset and checkout a branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach the HEAD at named commit")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, N_("set upstream info for new branch"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, "new branch", "new unparented branch"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout our version for unmerged files",
+		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, N_("new-branch"), N_("new unparented branch")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout our version for unmerged files"),
 			    2),
-		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout their version for unmerged files",
+		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout their version for unmerged files"),
 			    3),
-		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, "update ignored files (default)"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, "style",
-			   "conflict style (merge or diff3)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch, NULL,
-		  "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'",
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, N_("force checkout (throw away local modifications)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, N_("style"),
+			   N_("conflict style (merge or diff3)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-skip-worktree-bits", &opts.ignore_skipworktree,
+			 N_("do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch,
+				N_("second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-other-worktrees", &opts.ignore_other_worktrees,
+			 N_("do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &opts.show_progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));
 	opts.overwrite_ignore = 1;
+	opts.prefix = prefix;
+	opts.show_progress = -1;
 
 	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_checkout_config, &opts);
@@ -970,55 +1176,45 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, checkout_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	/* we can assume from now on new_branch = !new_branch_force */
-	if (opts.new_branch && opts.new_branch_force)
-		die(_("-B cannot be used with -b"));
+	if (opts.show_progress < 0) {
+		if (opts.quiet)
+			opts.show_progress = 0;
+		else
+			opts.show_progress = isatty(2);
+	}
+
+	if (conflict_style) {
+		opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
+		git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
+	}
+
+	if ((!!opts.new_branch + !!opts.new_branch_force + !!opts.new_orphan_branch) > 1)
+		die(_("-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"));
 
-	/* copy -B over to -b, so that we can just check the latter */
+	/*
+	 * From here on, new_branch will contain the branch to be checked out,
+	 * and new_branch_force and new_orphan_branch will tell us which one of
+	 * -b/-B/--orphan is being used.
+	 */
 	if (opts.new_branch_force)
 		opts.new_branch = opts.new_branch_force;
 
-	if (patch_mode && (opts.track > 0 || opts.new_branch
-			   || opts.new_branch_log || opts.merge || opts.force
-			   || opts.force_detach))
-		die (_("--patch is incompatible with all other options"));
-
-	if (opts.force_detach && (opts.new_branch || opts.new_orphan_branch))
-		die(_("--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"));
-	if (opts.force_detach && 0 < opts.track)
-		die(_("--detach cannot be used with -t"));
+	if (opts.new_orphan_branch)
+		opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
 
-	/* --track without -b should DWIM */
-	if (0 < opts.track && !opts.new_branch) {
+	/* --track without -b/-B/--orphan should DWIM */
+	if (opts.track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED && !opts.new_branch) {
 		const char *argv0 = argv[0];
 		if (!argc || !strcmp(argv0, "--"))
 			die (_("--track needs a branch name"));
-		if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "refs/"))
-			argv0 += 5;
-		if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "remotes/"))
-			argv0 += 8;
+		skip_prefix(argv0, "refs/", &argv0);
+		skip_prefix(argv0, "remotes/", &argv0);
 		argv0 = strchr(argv0, '/');
 		if (!argv0 || !argv0[1])
 			die (_("Missing branch name; try -b"));
 		opts.new_branch = argv0 + 1;
 	}
 
-	if (opts.new_orphan_branch) {
-		if (opts.new_branch)
-			die(_("--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"));
-		if (opts.track > 0)
-			die(_("--orphan cannot be used with -t"));
-		opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
-	}
-
-	if (conflict_style) {
-		opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
-		git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
-	}
-
-	if (opts.force && opts.merge)
-		die(_("git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"));
-
 	/*
 	 * Extract branch name from command line arguments, so
 	 * all that is left is pathspecs.
@@ -1033,65 +1229,57 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * remote branches, erroring out for invalid or ambiguous cases.
 	 */
 	if (argc) {
+		unsigned char rev[20];
 		int dwim_ok =
-			!patch_mode &&
+			!opts.patch_mode &&
 			dwim_new_local_branch &&
 			opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED &&
 			!opts.new_branch;
 		int n = parse_branchname_arg(argc, argv, dwim_ok,
-				&new, &source_tree, rev, &opts.new_branch);
+					     &new, &opts, rev);
 		argv += n;
 		argc -= n;
 	}
 
-	if (opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
-		opts.track = git_branch_track;
-
 	if (argc) {
-		const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		parse_pathspec(&opts.pathspec, 0,
+			       opts.patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0,
+			       prefix, argv);
 
-		if (!pathspec)
+		if (!opts.pathspec.nr)
 			die(_("invalid path specification"));
 
-		if (patch_mode)
-			return interactive_checkout(new.name, pathspec, &opts);
-
-		/* Checkout paths */
-		if (opts.new_branch) {
-			if (argc == 1) {
-				die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\nDid you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"), argv[0]);
-			} else {
-				die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."));
-			}
-		}
+		/*
+		 * Try to give more helpful suggestion.
+		 * new_branch && argc > 1 will be caught later.
+		 */
+		if (opts.new_branch && argc == 1)
+			die(_("Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+			      "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"),
+			    opts.new_branch, argv[0]);
 
 		if (opts.force_detach)
-			die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"));
+			die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"),
+			    argv[0]);
 
 		if (1 < !!opts.writeout_stage + !!opts.force + !!opts.merge)
-			die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\nchecking out of the index."));
-
-		return checkout_paths(source_tree, pathspec, prefix, &opts);
+			die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+			      "checking out of the index."));
 	}
 
-	if (patch_mode)
-		return interactive_checkout(new.name, NULL, &opts);
-
 	if (opts.new_branch) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		opts.branch_exists = validate_new_branchname(opts.new_branch, &buf,
-							     !!opts.new_branch_force,
-							     !!opts.new_branch_force);
+		opts.branch_exists =
+			validate_new_branchname(opts.new_branch, &buf,
+						!!opts.new_branch_force,
+						!!opts.new_branch_force);
 
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
-	if (new.name && !new.commit) {
-		die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."));
-	}
-	if (opts.writeout_stage)
-		die(_("--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."));
-
-	return switch_branches(&opts, &new);
+	if (opts.patch_mode || opts.pathspec.nr)
+		return checkout_paths(&opts, new.name);
+	else
+		return checkout_branch(&opts, &new);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index 0c7b3d0f4c..0371010afb 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -12,19 +12,132 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int force = -1; /* unset */
+static int interactive;
+static struct string_list del_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static unsigned int colopts;
 
 static const char *const builtin_clean_usage[] = {
-	"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>...",
+	N_("git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static const char *msg_remove = N_("Removing %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_remove = N_("Would remove %s\n");
+static const char *msg_skip_git_dir = N_("Skipping repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_skip_git_dir = N_("Would skip repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_warn_remove_failed = N_("failed to remove %s");
+
+static int clean_use_color = -1;
+static char clean_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* PLAIN */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_BLUE,	/* PROMPT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD,		/* HEADER */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED,	/* HELP */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED,	/* ERROR */
+};
+enum color_clean {
+	CLEAN_COLOR_RESET = 0,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT = 2,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER = 3,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_HELP = 4,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR = 5
+};
+
+#define MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON		01
+#define MENU_OPTS_IMMEDIATE		02
+#define MENU_OPTS_LIST_ONLY		04
+
+struct menu_opts {
+	const char *header;
+	const char *prompt;
+	int flags;
+};
+
+#define MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP		10
+
+struct menu_item {
+	char hotkey;
+	const char *title;
+	int selected;
+	int (*fn)(void);
+};
+
+enum menu_stuff_type {
+	MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST = 1,
+	MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM
+};
+
+struct menu_stuff {
+	enum menu_stuff_type type;
+	int nr;
+	void *stuff;
+};
+
+static int parse_clean_color_slot(const char *var)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "reset"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_RESET;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "plain"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_PLAIN;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "prompt"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "header"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "help"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_HELP;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "error"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int git_clean_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce"))
+	const char *slot_name;
+
+	if (starts_with(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "clean", &colopts);
+
+	/* honors the color.interactive* config variables which also
+	   applied in git-add--interactive and git-stash */
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.interactive")) {
+		clean_use_color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "color.interactive.", &slot_name)) {
+		int slot = parse_clean_color_slot(slot_name);
+		if (slot < 0)
+			return 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		return color_parse(value, clean_colors[slot]);
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce")) {
 		force = !git_config_bool(var, value);
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* inspect the color.ui config variable and others */
+	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static const char *clean_get_color(enum color_clean ix)
+{
+	if (want_color(clean_use_color))
+		return clean_colors[ix];
+	return "";
+}
+
+static void clean_print_color(enum color_clean ix)
+{
+	printf("%s", clean_get_color(ix));
 }
 
 static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -34,30 +147,736 @@ static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+static int remove_dirs(struct strbuf *path, const char *prefix, int force_flag,
+		int dry_run, int quiet, int *dir_gone)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int res = 0, ret = 0, gone = 1, original_len = path->len, len;
+	struct string_list dels = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	*dir_gone = 1;
+
+	if ((force_flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT) && is_nonbare_repository_dir(path)) {
+		if (!quiet) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_skip_git_dir) : _(msg_skip_git_dir),
+					quoted.buf);
+		}
+
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* an empty dir could be removed even if it is unreadble */
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (res) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+		}
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_complete(path, '/');
+
+	len = path->len;
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			; /* fall thru */
+		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (remove_dirs(path, prefix, force_flag, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
+				ret = 1;
+			if (gone) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(path->buf);
+			if (!res) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+				ret = 1;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		ret = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, original_len);
+
+	if (*dir_gone) {
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (!res)
+			*dir_gone = 1;
+		else {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+			ret = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!*dir_gone && !quiet) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < dels.nr; i++)
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), dels.items[i].string);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dels, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_dels(void)
+{
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *qname;
+	struct column_options copts;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+		string_list_append(&list, qname);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * always enable column display, we only consult column.*
+	 * about layout strategy and stuff
+	 */
+	colopts = (colopts & ~COL_ENABLE_MASK) | COL_ENABLED;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(&list, colopts, &copts);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_menus(struct string_list *menu_list)
+{
+	unsigned int local_colopts = 0;
+	struct column_options copts;
+
+	local_colopts = COL_ENABLED | COL_ROW;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(menu_list, local_colopts, &copts);
+}
+
+static void prompt_help_cmd(int singleton)
+{
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HELP);
+	printf_ln(singleton ?
+		  _("Prompt help:\n"
+		    "1          - select a numbered item\n"
+		    "foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+		    "           - (empty) select nothing") :
+		  _("Prompt help:\n"
+		    "1          - select a single item\n"
+		    "3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+		    "2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+		    "foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+		    "-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+		    "*          - choose all items\n"
+		    "           - (empty) finish selecting"));
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+}
+
+/*
+ * display menu stuff with number prefix and hotkey highlight
+ */
+static void print_highlight_menu_stuff(struct menu_stuff *stuff, int **chosen)
+{
+	struct string_list menu_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf menu = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct menu_item *menu_item;
+	struct string_list_item *string_list_item;
+	int i;
+
+	switch (stuff->type) {
+	default:
+		die("Bad type of menu_stuff when print menu");
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM:
+		menu_item = (struct menu_item *)stuff->stuff;
+		for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++, menu_item++) {
+			const char *p;
+			int highlighted = 0;
+
+			p = menu_item->title;
+			if ((*chosen)[i] < 0)
+				(*chosen)[i] = menu_item->selected ? 1 : 0;
+			strbuf_addf(&menu, "%s%2d: ", (*chosen)[i] ? "*" : " ", i+1);
+			for (; *p; p++) {
+				if (!highlighted && *p == menu_item->hotkey) {
+					strbuf_addstr(&menu, clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT));
+					strbuf_addch(&menu, *p);
+					strbuf_addstr(&menu, clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+					highlighted = 1;
+				} else {
+					strbuf_addch(&menu, *p);
+				}
+			}
+			string_list_append(&menu_list, menu.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&menu);
+		}
+		break;
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST:
+		i = 0;
+		for_each_string_list_item(string_list_item, (struct string_list *)stuff->stuff) {
+			if ((*chosen)[i] < 0)
+				(*chosen)[i] = 0;
+			strbuf_addf(&menu, "%s%2d: %s",
+				    (*chosen)[i] ? "*" : " ", i+1, string_list_item->string);
+			string_list_append(&menu_list, menu.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&menu);
+			i++;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	pretty_print_menus(&menu_list);
+
+	strbuf_release(&menu);
+	string_list_clear(&menu_list, 0);
+}
+
+static int find_unique(const char *choice, struct menu_stuff *menu_stuff)
+{
+	struct menu_item *menu_item;
+	struct string_list_item *string_list_item;
+	int i, len, found = 0;
+
+	len = strlen(choice);
+	switch (menu_stuff->type) {
+	default:
+		die("Bad type of menu_stuff when parse choice");
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM:
+
+		menu_item = (struct menu_item *)menu_stuff->stuff;
+		for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++, menu_item++) {
+			if (len == 1 && *choice == menu_item->hotkey) {
+				found = i + 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (!strncasecmp(choice, menu_item->title, len)) {
+				if (found) {
+					if (len == 1) {
+						/* continue for hotkey matching */
+						found = -1;
+					} else {
+						found = 0;
+						break;
+					}
+				} else {
+					found = i + 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST:
+		string_list_item = ((struct string_list *)menu_stuff->stuff)->items;
+		for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++, string_list_item++) {
+			if (!strncasecmp(choice, string_list_item->string, len)) {
+				if (found) {
+					found = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+				found = i + 1;
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	return found;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Parse user input, and return choice(s) for menu (menu_stuff).
+ *
+ * Input
+ *     (for single choice)
+ *         1          - select a numbered item
+ *         foo        - select item based on menu title
+ *                    - (empty) select nothing
+ *
+ *     (for multiple choice)
+ *         1          - select a single item
+ *         3-5        - select a range of items
+ *         2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges
+ *         foo        - select item based on menu title
+ *         -...       - unselect specified items
+ *         *          - choose all items
+ *                    - (empty) finish selecting
+ *
+ * The parse result will be saved in array **chosen, and
+ * return number of total selections.
+ */
+static int parse_choice(struct menu_stuff *menu_stuff,
+			int is_single,
+			struct strbuf input,
+			int **chosen)
+{
+	struct strbuf **choice_list, **ptr;
+	int nr = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	if (is_single) {
+		choice_list = strbuf_split_max(&input, '\n', 0);
+	} else {
+		char *p = input.buf;
+		do {
+			if (*p == ',')
+				*p = ' ';
+		} while (*p++);
+		choice_list = strbuf_split_max(&input, ' ', 0);
+	}
+
+	for (ptr = choice_list; *ptr; ptr++) {
+		char *p;
+		int choose = 1;
+		int bottom = 0, top = 0;
+		int is_range, is_number;
+
+		strbuf_trim(*ptr);
+		if (!(*ptr)->len)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Input that begins with '-'; unchoose */
+		if (*(*ptr)->buf == '-') {
+			choose = 0;
+			strbuf_remove((*ptr), 0, 1);
+		}
+
+		is_range = 0;
+		is_number = 1;
+		for (p = (*ptr)->buf; *p; p++) {
+			if ('-' == *p) {
+				if (!is_range) {
+					is_range = 1;
+					is_number = 0;
+				} else {
+					is_number = 0;
+					is_range = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			} else if (!isdigit(*p)) {
+				is_number = 0;
+				is_range = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (is_number) {
+			bottom = atoi((*ptr)->buf);
+			top = bottom;
+		} else if (is_range) {
+			bottom = atoi((*ptr)->buf);
+			/* a range can be specified like 5-7 or 5- */
+			if (!*(strchr((*ptr)->buf, '-') + 1))
+				top = menu_stuff->nr;
+			else
+				top = atoi(strchr((*ptr)->buf, '-') + 1);
+		} else if (!strcmp((*ptr)->buf, "*")) {
+			bottom = 1;
+			top = menu_stuff->nr;
+		} else {
+			bottom = find_unique((*ptr)->buf, menu_stuff);
+			top = bottom;
+		}
+
+		if (top <= 0 || bottom <= 0 || top > menu_stuff->nr || bottom > top ||
+		    (is_single && bottom != top)) {
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+			printf_ln(_("Huh (%s)?"), (*ptr)->buf);
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		for (i = bottom; i <= top; i++)
+			(*chosen)[i-1] = choose;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_list_free(choice_list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++)
+		nr += (*chosen)[i];
+	return nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implement a git-add-interactive compatible UI, which is borrowed
+ * from git-add--interactive.perl.
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ *
+ *   - Return an array of integers
+ *   - , and it is up to you to free the allocated memory.
+ *   - The array ends with EOF.
+ *   - If user pressed CTRL-D (i.e. EOF), no selection returned.
+ */
+static int *list_and_choose(struct menu_opts *opts, struct menu_stuff *stuff)
 {
+	struct strbuf choice = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int *chosen, *result;
+	int nr = 0;
+	int eof = 0;
 	int i;
-	int show_only = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
-	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0;
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(chosen, stuff->nr);
+	/* set chosen as uninitialized */
+	for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++)
+		chosen[i] = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (opts->header) {
+			printf_ln("%s%s%s",
+				  clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER),
+				  _(opts->header),
+				  clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+		}
+
+		/* chosen will be initialized by print_highlight_menu_stuff */
+		print_highlight_menu_stuff(stuff, &chosen);
+
+		if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_LIST_ONLY)
+			break;
+
+		if (opts->prompt) {
+			printf("%s%s%s%s",
+			       clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT),
+			       _(opts->prompt),
+			       opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON ? "> " : ">> ",
+			       clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+		}
+
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(&choice, stdin) != EOF) {
+			strbuf_trim(&choice);
+		} else {
+			eof = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* help for prompt */
+		if (!strcmp(choice.buf, "?")) {
+			prompt_help_cmd(opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* for a multiple-choice menu, press ENTER (empty) will return back */
+		if (!(opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON) && !choice.len)
+			break;
+
+		nr = parse_choice(stuff,
+				  opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON,
+				  choice,
+				  &chosen);
+
+		if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON) {
+			if (nr)
+				break;
+		} else if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_IMMEDIATE) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (eof) {
+		result = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
+		*result = EOF;
+	} else {
+		int j = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * recalculate nr, if return back from menu directly with
+		 * default selections.
+		 */
+		if (!nr) {
+			for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++)
+				nr += chosen[i];
+		}
+
+		result = xcalloc(st_add(nr, 1), sizeof(int));
+		for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr && j < nr; i++) {
+			if (chosen[i])
+				result[j++] = i;
+		}
+		result[j] = EOF;
+	}
+
+	free(chosen);
+	strbuf_release(&choice);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int clean_cmd(void)
+{
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int filter_by_patterns_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct strbuf confirm = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf **ignore_list;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	int changed = -1, i;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!del_list.nr)
+			break;
+
+		if (changed)
+			pretty_print_dels();
+
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT);
+		printf(_("Input ignore patterns>> "));
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(&confirm, stdin) != EOF)
+			strbuf_trim(&confirm);
+		else
+			putchar('\n');
+
+		/* quit filter_by_pattern mode if press ENTER or Ctrl-D */
+		if (!confirm.len)
+			break;
+
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "manual exclude");
+		ignore_list = strbuf_split_max(&confirm, ' ', 0);
+
+		for (i = 0; ignore_list[i]; i++) {
+			strbuf_trim(ignore_list[i]);
+			if (!ignore_list[i]->len)
+				continue;
+
+			add_exclude(ignore_list[i]->buf, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
+		}
+
+		changed = 0;
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+			int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
+
+			if (is_excluded(&dir, item->string, &dtype)) {
+				*item->string = '\0';
+				changed++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (changed) {
+			string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+		} else {
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+			printf_ln(_("WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"), confirm.buf);
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_list_free(ignore_list);
+		clear_directory(&dir);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&confirm);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int select_by_numbers_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct menu_opts menu_opts;
+	struct menu_stuff menu_stuff;
+	struct string_list_item *items;
+	int *chosen;
+	int i, j;
+
+	menu_opts.header = NULL;
+	menu_opts.prompt = N_("Select items to delete");
+	menu_opts.flags = 0;
+
+	menu_stuff.type = MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST;
+	menu_stuff.stuff = &del_list;
+	menu_stuff.nr = del_list.nr;
+
+	chosen = list_and_choose(&menu_opts, &menu_stuff);
+	items = del_list.items;
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < del_list.nr; i++) {
+		if (i < chosen[j]) {
+			*(items[i].string) = '\0';
+		} else if (i == chosen[j]) {
+			/* delete selected item */
+			j++;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			/* end of chosen (chosen[j] == EOF), won't delete */
+			*(items[i].string) = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+
+	free(chosen);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ask_each_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf confirm = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	const char *qname;
+	int changed = 0, eof = 0;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		/* Ctrl-D should stop removing files */
+		if (!eof) {
+			qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+			/* TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is */
+			printf(_("Remove %s [y/N]? "), qname);
+			if (strbuf_getline_lf(&confirm, stdin) != EOF) {
+				strbuf_trim(&confirm);
+			} else {
+				putchar('\n');
+				eof = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!confirm.len || strncasecmp(confirm.buf, "yes", confirm.len)) {
+			*item->string = '\0';
+			changed++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (changed)
+		string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&confirm);
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int quit_cmd(void)
+{
+	string_list_clear(&del_list, 0);
+	printf_ln(_("Bye."));
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int help_cmd(void)
+{
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HELP);
+	printf_ln(_(
+		    "clean               - start cleaning\n"
+		    "filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+		    "select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+		    "ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+		    "quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+		    "help                - this screen\n"
+		    "?                   - help for prompt selection"
+		   ));
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void interactive_main_loop(void)
+{
+	while (del_list.nr) {
+		struct menu_opts menu_opts;
+		struct menu_stuff menu_stuff;
+		struct menu_item menus[] = {
+			{'c', "clean",			0, clean_cmd},
+			{'f', "filter by pattern",	0, filter_by_patterns_cmd},
+			{'s', "select by numbers",	0, select_by_numbers_cmd},
+			{'a', "ask each",		0, ask_each_cmd},
+			{'q', "quit",			0, quit_cmd},
+			{'h', "help",			0, help_cmd},
+		};
+		int *chosen;
+
+		menu_opts.header = N_("*** Commands ***");
+		menu_opts.prompt = N_("What now");
+		menu_opts.flags = MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON;
+
+		menu_stuff.type = MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM;
+		menu_stuff.stuff = menus;
+		menu_stuff.nr = sizeof(menus) / sizeof(struct menu_item);
+
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER);
+		printf_ln(Q_("Would remove the following item:",
+			     "Would remove the following items:",
+			     del_list.nr));
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+
+		pretty_print_dels();
+
+		chosen = list_and_choose(&menu_opts, &menu_stuff);
+
+		if (*chosen != EOF) {
+			int ret;
+			ret = menus[*chosen].fn();
+			if (ret != MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP) {
+				free(chosen);
+				chosen = NULL;
+				if (!del_list.nr) {
+					clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+					printf_ln(_("No more files to clean, exiting."));
+					clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+					break;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else {
+			quit_cmd();
+		}
+
+		free(chosen);
+		chosen = NULL;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, res;
+	int dry_run = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
+	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0, gone = 1;
 	int rm_flags = REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT;
-	struct strbuf directory = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf abs_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
-	static const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
 	const char *qname;
-	char *seen = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not print names of files removed"),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "force"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
-				"remove whole directories"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, "pattern",
-		  "add <pattern> to ignore rules", PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &ignored, "remove ignored files, too"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
-				"remove only ignored files"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not print names of files removed")),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force")),
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactive cleaning")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
+				N_("remove whole directories")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
+		  N_("add <pattern> to ignore rules"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
+		OPT_BOOL('x', NULL, &ignored, N_("remove ignored files, too")),
+		OPT_BOOL('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
+				N_("remove only ignored files")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -77,13 +896,13 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (ignored && ignored_only)
 		die(_("-x and -X cannot be used together"));
 
-	if (!show_only && !force) {
+	if (!interactive && !dry_run && !force) {
 		if (config_set)
-			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
+			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
 				  "refusing to clean"));
 		else
-			die(_("clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
-				  "refusing to clean"));
+			die(_("clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given;"
+				  " refusing to clean"));
 	}
 
 	if (force > 1)
@@ -97,96 +916,85 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!ignored)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
 	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++)
-		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0,
-			    &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL]);
-
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	if (pathspec)
-		seen = xmalloc(argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
+	fill_directory(&dir, &pathspec);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
-		int len, pos;
 		int matches = 0;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		struct stat st;
+		const char *rel;
 
-		/*
-		 * Remove the '/' at the end that directory
-		 * walking adds for directory entries.
-		 */
-		len = ent->len;
-		if (len && ent->name[len-1] == '/')
-			len--;
-		pos = cache_name_pos(ent->name, len);
-		if (0 <= pos)
-			continue;	/* exact match */
-		pos = -pos - 1;
-		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			ce = active_cache[pos];
-			if (ce_namelen(ce) == len &&
-			    !memcmp(ce->name, ent->name, len))
-				continue; /* Yup, this one exists unmerged */
-		}
+		if (!cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len))
+			continue;
+
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			matches = dir_path_match(ent, &pathspec, 0, NULL);
+
+		if (pathspec.nr && !matches)
+			continue;
+
+		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+			die_errno("Cannot lstat '%s'", ent->name);
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !remove_directories &&
+		    matches != MATCHED_EXACTLY)
+			continue;
+
+		rel = relative_path(ent->name, prefix, &buf);
+		string_list_append(&del_list, rel);
+	}
+
+	if (interactive && del_list.nr > 0)
+		interactive_main_loop();
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (prefix)
+			strbuf_addstr(&abs_path, prefix);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&abs_path, item->string);
 
 		/*
 		 * we might have removed this as part of earlier
 		 * recursive directory removal, so lstat() here could
 		 * fail with ENOENT.
 		 */
-		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+		if (lstat(abs_path.buf, &st))
 			continue;
 
-		if (pathspec) {
-			memset(seen, 0, argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
-			matches = match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, len,
-						 0, seen);
-		}
-
 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&directory, ent->name);
-			qname = quote_path_relative(directory.buf, directory.len, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only && (remove_directories ||
-			    (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY))) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else if (remove_directories ||
-				   (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
-				if (!quiet)
-					printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-				if (remove_dir_recursively(&directory,
-							   rm_flags) != 0) {
-					warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
-					errors++;
-				}
-			} else if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would not remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else {
-				printf(_("Not removing %s\n"), qname);
+			if (remove_dirs(&abs_path, prefix, rm_flags, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
+				errors++;
+			if (gone && !quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 			}
-			strbuf_reset(&directory);
 		} else {
-			if (pathspec && !matches)
-				continue;
-			qname = quote_path_relative(ent->name, -1, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-				continue;
-			} else if (!quiet) {
-				printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-			}
-			if (unlink(ent->name) != 0) {
-				warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(abs_path.buf);
+			if (res) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), qname);
 				errors++;
+			} else if (!quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 			}
 		}
+		strbuf_reset(&abs_path);
 	}
-	free(seen);
 
-	strbuf_release(&directory);
+	strbuf_release(&abs_path);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&del_list, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&exclude_list, 0);
 	return (errors != 0);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index 86db954730..31ea247e3f 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -18,11 +19,11 @@
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "dir.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connected.h"
 
 /*
  * Overall FIXMEs:
@@ -33,164 +34,217 @@
  *
  */
 static const char * const builtin_clone_usage[] = {
-	"git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]",
+	N_("git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int option_no_checkout, option_bare, option_mirror;
-static int option_local, option_no_hardlinks, option_shared, option_recursive;
+static int option_no_checkout, option_bare, option_mirror, option_single_branch = -1;
+static int option_local = -1, option_no_hardlinks, option_shared, option_recursive;
+static int option_shallow_submodules;
 static char *option_template, *option_depth;
 static char *option_origin = NULL;
 static char *option_branch = NULL;
 static const char *real_git_dir;
 static char *option_upload_pack = "git-upload-pack";
 static int option_verbosity;
-static int option_progress;
-static struct string_list option_config;
-static struct string_list option_reference;
-
-static int opt_parse_reference(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	struct string_list *option_reference = opt->value;
-	if (!arg)
-		return -1;
-	string_list_append(option_reference, arg);
-	return 0;
-}
+static int option_progress = -1;
+static enum transport_family family;
+static struct string_list option_config = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+static struct string_list option_reference = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+static int option_dissociate;
+static int max_jobs = -1;
 
 static struct option builtin_clone_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&option_verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "progress", &option_progress,
-			"force progress reporting"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
-		    "don't create a checkout"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "bare", &option_bare, "create a bare repository"),
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "naked", &option_bare, NULL,
-		"create a bare repository",
-		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
-		    "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "local", &option_local,
-		    "to clone from a local repository"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
-		    "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "shared", &option_shared,
-		    "setup as shared repository"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
-		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
-		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, "template-directory",
-		   "directory from which templates will be used"),
-	OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "reference", &option_reference, "repo",
-		     "reference repository", &opt_parse_reference),
-	OPT_STRING('o', "origin", &option_origin, "name",
-		   "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"),
-	OPT_STRING('b', "branch", &option_branch, "branch",
-		   "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"),
-	OPT_STRING('u', "upload-pack", &option_upload_pack, "path",
-		   "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &option_depth, "depth",
-		    "create a shallow clone of that depth"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, "gitdir",
-		   "separate git dir from working tree"),
-	OPT_STRING_LIST('c', "config", &option_config, "key=value",
-			"set config inside the new repository"),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &option_progress,
+		 N_("force progress reporting")),
+	OPT_BOOL('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
+		 N_("don't create a checkout")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "bare", &option_bare, N_("create a bare repository")),
+	OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "naked", &option_bare,
+			N_("create a bare repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
+		 N_("create a mirror repository (implies bare)")),
+	OPT_BOOL('l', "local", &option_local,
+		N_("to clone from a local repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
+		    N_("don't use local hardlinks, always copy")),
+	OPT_BOOL('s', "shared", &option_shared,
+		    N_("setup as shared repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
+		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
+		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
+	OPT_INTEGER('j', "jobs", &max_jobs,
+		    N_("number of submodules cloned in parallel")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, N_("template-directory"),
+		   N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
+	OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "reference", &option_reference, N_("repo"),
+			N_("reference repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dissociate", &option_dissociate,
+		 N_("use --reference only while cloning")),
+	OPT_STRING('o', "origin", &option_origin, N_("name"),
+		   N_("use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream")),
+	OPT_STRING('b', "branch", &option_branch, N_("branch"),
+		   N_("checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD")),
+	OPT_STRING('u', "upload-pack", &option_upload_pack, N_("path"),
+		   N_("path to git-upload-pack on the remote")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &option_depth, N_("depth"),
+		    N_("create a shallow clone of that depth")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "single-branch", &option_single_branch,
+		    N_("clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "shallow-submodules", &option_shallow_submodules,
+		    N_("any cloned submodules will be shallow")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, N_("gitdir"),
+		   N_("separate git dir from working tree")),
+	OPT_STRING_LIST('c', "config", &option_config, N_("key=value"),
+			N_("set config inside the new repository")),
+	OPT_SET_INT('4', "ipv4", &family, N_("use IPv4 addresses only"),
+			TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4),
+	OPT_SET_INT('6', "ipv6", &family, N_("use IPv6 addresses only"),
+			TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
-static const char *argv_submodule[] = {
-	"submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", NULL
-};
-
-static char *get_repo_path(const char *repo, int *is_bundle)
+static const char *get_repo_path_1(struct strbuf *path, int *is_bundle)
 {
-	static char *suffix[] = { "/.git", ".git", "" };
+	static char *suffix[] = { "/.git", "", ".git/.git", ".git" };
 	static char *bundle_suffix[] = { ".bundle", "" };
+	size_t baselen = path->len;
 	struct stat st;
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(suffix); i++) {
-		const char *path;
-		path = mkpath("%s%s", repo, suffix[i]);
-		if (stat(path, &st))
+		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+		strbuf_addstr(path, suffix[i]);
+		if (stat(path->buf, &st))
 			continue;
-		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && is_git_directory(path->buf)) {
 			*is_bundle = 0;
-			return xstrdup(absolute_path(path));
+			return path->buf;
 		} else if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && st.st_size > 8) {
 			/* Is it a "gitfile"? */
 			char signature[8];
-			int len, fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+			const char *dst;
+			int len, fd = open(path->buf, O_RDONLY);
 			if (fd < 0)
 				continue;
 			len = read_in_full(fd, signature, 8);
 			close(fd);
 			if (len != 8 || strncmp(signature, "gitdir: ", 8))
 				continue;
-			path = read_gitfile(path);
-			if (path) {
+			dst = read_gitfile(path->buf);
+			if (dst) {
 				*is_bundle = 0;
-				return xstrdup(absolute_path(path));
+				return dst;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bundle_suffix); i++) {
-		const char *path;
-		path = mkpath("%s%s", repo, bundle_suffix[i]);
-		if (!stat(path, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+		strbuf_addstr(path, bundle_suffix[i]);
+		if (!stat(path->buf, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 			*is_bundle = 1;
-			return xstrdup(absolute_path(path));
+			return path->buf;
 		}
 	}
 
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+static char *get_repo_path(const char *repo, int *is_bundle)
+{
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *raw;
+	char *canon;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, repo);
+	raw = get_repo_path_1(&path, is_bundle);
+	canon = raw ? xstrdup(absolute_path(raw)) : NULL;
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	return canon;
+}
+
 static char *guess_dir_name(const char *repo, int is_bundle, int is_bare)
 {
-	const char *end = repo + strlen(repo), *start;
+	const char *end = repo + strlen(repo), *start, *ptr;
+	size_t len;
 	char *dir;
 
 	/*
+	 * Skip scheme.
+	 */
+	start = strstr(repo, "://");
+	if (start == NULL)
+		start = repo;
+	else
+		start += 3;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip authentication data. The stripping does happen
+	 * greedily, such that we strip up to the last '@' inside
+	 * the host part.
+	 */
+	for (ptr = start; ptr < end && !is_dir_sep(*ptr); ptr++) {
+		if (*ptr == '@')
+			start = ptr + 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
 	 * Strip trailing spaces, slashes and /.git
 	 */
-	while (repo < end && (is_dir_sep(end[-1]) || isspace(end[-1])))
+	while (start < end && (is_dir_sep(end[-1]) || isspace(end[-1])))
 		end--;
-	if (end - repo > 5 && is_dir_sep(end[-5]) &&
+	if (end - start > 5 && is_dir_sep(end[-5]) &&
 	    !strncmp(end - 4, ".git", 4)) {
 		end -= 5;
-		while (repo < end && is_dir_sep(end[-1]))
+		while (start < end && is_dir_sep(end[-1]))
 			end--;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Find last component, but be prepared that repo could have
-	 * the form  "remote.example.com:foo.git", i.e. no slash
-	 * in the directory part.
+	 * Strip trailing port number if we've got only a
+	 * hostname (that is, there is no dir separator but a
+	 * colon). This check is required such that we do not
+	 * strip URI's like '/foo/bar:2222.git', which should
+	 * result in a dir '2222' being guessed due to backwards
+	 * compatibility.
 	 */
-	start = end;
-	while (repo < start && !is_dir_sep(start[-1]) && start[-1] != ':')
-		start--;
+	if (memchr(start, '/', end - start) == NULL
+	    && memchr(start, ':', end - start) != NULL) {
+		ptr = end;
+		while (start < ptr && isdigit(ptr[-1]) && ptr[-1] != ':')
+			ptr--;
+		if (start < ptr && ptr[-1] == ':')
+			end = ptr - 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Find last component. To remain backwards compatible we
+	 * also regard colons as path separators, such that
+	 * cloning a repository 'foo:bar.git' would result in a
+	 * directory 'bar' being guessed.
+	 */
+	ptr = end;
+	while (start < ptr && !is_dir_sep(ptr[-1]) && ptr[-1] != ':')
+		ptr--;
+	start = ptr;
 
 	/*
 	 * Strip .{bundle,git}.
 	 */
-	if (is_bundle) {
-		if (end - start > 7 && !strncmp(end - 7, ".bundle", 7))
-			end -= 7;
-	} else {
-		if (end - start > 4 && !strncmp(end - 4, ".git", 4))
-			end -= 4;
-	}
+	len = end - start;
+	strip_suffix_mem(start, &len, is_bundle ? ".bundle" : ".git");
 
-	if (is_bare) {
-		struct strbuf result = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_addf(&result, "%.*s.git", (int)(end - start), start);
-		dir = strbuf_detach(&result, NULL);
-	} else
-		dir = xstrndup(start, end - start);
+	if (!len || (len == 1 && *start == '/'))
+		die(_("No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+		      "Please specify a directory on the command line"));
+
+	if (is_bare)
+		dir = xstrfmt("%.*s.git", (int)len, start);
+	else
+		dir = xstrndup(start, len);
 	/*
 	 * Replace sequences of 'control' characters and whitespace
 	 * with one ascii space, remove leading and trailing spaces.
@@ -229,32 +283,42 @@ static void strip_trailing_slashes(char *dir)
 static int add_one_reference(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 {
 	char *ref_git;
+	const char *repo;
 	struct strbuf alternate = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct remote *remote;
-	struct transport *transport;
-	const struct ref *extra;
 
-	/* Beware: real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
+	/* Beware: read_gitfile(), real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
 	ref_git = xstrdup(real_path(item->string));
-	if (is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
-		char *ref_git_git = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git));
+
+	repo = read_gitfile(ref_git);
+	if (!repo)
+		repo = read_gitfile(mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git));
+	if (repo) {
+		free(ref_git);
+		ref_git = xstrdup(repo);
+	}
+
+	if (!repo && is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
+		char *ref_git_git = mkpathdup("%s/.git", ref_git);
 		free(ref_git);
 		ref_git = ref_git_git;
-	} else if (!is_directory(mkpath("%s/objects", ref_git)))
-		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."),
+	} else if (!is_directory(mkpath("%s/objects", ref_git))) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (get_common_dir(&sb, ref_git))
+			die(_("reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."),
+			    item->string);
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."),
 		    item->string);
+	}
+
+	if (!access(mkpath("%s/shallow", ref_git), F_OK))
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is shallow"), item->string);
+
+	if (!access(mkpath("%s/info/grafts", ref_git), F_OK))
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is grafted"), item->string);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&alternate, "%s/objects", ref_git);
 	add_to_alternates_file(alternate.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&alternate);
-
-	remote = remote_get(ref_git);
-	transport = transport_get(remote, ref_git);
-	for (extra = transport_get_remote_refs(transport); extra;
-	     extra = extra->next)
-		add_extra_ref(extra->name, extra->old_sha1, 0);
-
-	transport_disconnect(transport);
 	free(ref_git);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -282,17 +346,18 @@ static void copy_alternates(struct strbuf *src, struct strbuf *dst,
 	FILE *in = fopen(src->buf, "r");
 	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&line, in, '\n') != EOF) {
-		char *abs_path, abs_buf[PATH_MAX];
+	while (strbuf_getline(&line, in) != EOF) {
+		char *abs_path;
 		if (!line.len || line.buf[0] == '#')
 			continue;
 		if (is_absolute_path(line.buf)) {
 			add_to_alternates_file(line.buf);
 			continue;
 		}
-		abs_path = mkpath("%s/objects/%s", src_repo, line.buf);
-		normalize_path_copy(abs_buf, abs_path);
-		add_to_alternates_file(abs_buf);
+		abs_path = mkpathdup("%s/objects/%s", src_repo, line.buf);
+		normalize_path_copy(abs_path, abs_path);
+		add_to_alternates_file(abs_path);
+		free(abs_path);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&line);
 	fclose(in);
@@ -351,7 +416,7 @@ static void copy_or_link_directory(struct strbuf *src, struct strbuf *dest,
 		if (!option_no_hardlinks) {
 			if (!link(src->buf, dest->buf))
 				continue;
-			if (option_local)
+			if (option_local > 0)
 				die_errno(_("failed to create link '%s'"), dest->buf);
 			option_no_hardlinks = 1;
 		}
@@ -361,13 +426,8 @@ static void copy_or_link_directory(struct strbuf *src, struct strbuf *dest,
 	closedir(dir);
 }
 
-static const struct ref *clone_local(const char *src_repo,
-				     const char *dest_repo)
+static void clone_local(const char *src_repo, const char *dest_repo)
 {
-	const struct ref *ret;
-	struct remote *remote;
-	struct transport *transport;
-
 	if (option_shared) {
 		struct strbuf alt = STRBUF_INIT;
 		strbuf_addf(&alt, "%s/objects", src_repo);
@@ -376,31 +436,47 @@ static const struct ref *clone_local(const char *src_repo,
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf src = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf dest = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_addf(&src, "%s/objects", src_repo);
-		strbuf_addf(&dest, "%s/objects", dest_repo);
+		get_common_dir(&src, src_repo);
+		get_common_dir(&dest, dest_repo);
+		strbuf_addstr(&src, "/objects");
+		strbuf_addstr(&dest, "/objects");
 		copy_or_link_directory(&src, &dest, src_repo, src.len);
 		strbuf_release(&src);
 		strbuf_release(&dest);
 	}
 
-	remote = remote_get(src_repo);
-	transport = transport_get(remote, src_repo);
-	ret = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
-	transport_disconnect(transport);
 	if (0 <= option_verbosity)
-		printf(_("done.\n"));
-	return ret;
+		fprintf(stderr, _("done.\n"));
 }
 
 static const char *junk_work_tree;
 static const char *junk_git_dir;
-static pid_t junk_pid;
+static enum {
+	JUNK_LEAVE_NONE,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_REPO,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_ALL
+} junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_NONE;
+
+static const char junk_leave_repo_msg[] =
+N_("Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+   "You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+   "and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n");
 
 static void remove_junk(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	if (getpid() != junk_pid)
+
+	switch (junk_mode) {
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_REPO:
+		warning("%s", _(junk_leave_repo_msg));
+		/* fall-through */
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_ALL:
 		return;
+	default:
+		/* proceed to removal */
+		break;
+	}
+
 	if (junk_git_dir) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&sb, junk_git_dir);
 		remove_dir_recursively(&sb, 0);
@@ -420,6 +496,26 @@ static void remove_junk_on_signal(int signo)
 	raise(signo);
 }
 
+static struct ref *find_remote_branch(const struct ref *refs, const char *branch)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	struct strbuf head = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addstr(&head, "refs/heads/");
+	strbuf_addstr(&head, branch);
+	ref = find_ref_by_name(refs, head.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&head);
+
+	if (ref)
+		return ref;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&head, "refs/tags/");
+	strbuf_addstr(&head, branch);
+	ref = find_ref_by_name(refs, head.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&head);
+
+	return ref;
+}
+
 static struct ref *wanted_peer_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 		struct refspec *refspec)
 {
@@ -427,8 +523,30 @@ static struct ref *wanted_peer_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 	struct ref *local_refs = head;
 	struct ref **tail = head ? &head->next : &local_refs;
 
-	get_fetch_map(refs, refspec, &tail, 0);
-	if (!option_mirror)
+	if (option_single_branch) {
+		struct ref *remote_head = NULL;
+
+		if (!option_branch)
+			remote_head = guess_remote_head(head, refs, 0);
+		else {
+			local_refs = NULL;
+			tail = &local_refs;
+			remote_head = copy_ref(find_remote_branch(refs, option_branch));
+		}
+
+		if (!remote_head && option_branch)
+			warning(_("Could not find remote branch %s to clone."),
+				option_branch);
+		else {
+			get_fetch_map(remote_head, refspec, &tail, 0);
+
+			/* if --branch=tag, pull the requested tag explicitly */
+			get_fetch_map(remote_head, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+		}
+	} else
+		get_fetch_map(refs, refspec, &tail, 0);
+
+	if (!option_mirror && !option_single_branch)
 		get_fetch_map(refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
 
 	return local_refs;
@@ -438,19 +556,204 @@ static void write_remote_refs(const struct ref *local_refs)
 {
 	const struct ref *r;
 
+	struct ref_transaction *t;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	t = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!t)
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
 	for (r = local_refs; r; r = r->next) {
 		if (!r->peer_ref)
 			continue;
-		add_extra_ref(r->peer_ref->name, r->old_sha1, 0);
+		if (ref_transaction_create(t, r->peer_ref->name, r->old_oid.hash,
+					   0, NULL, &err))
+			die("%s", err.buf);
+	}
+
+	if (initial_ref_transaction_commit(t, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	ref_transaction_free(t);
+}
+
+static void write_followtags(const struct ref *refs, const char *msg)
+{
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue;
+		if (ends_with(ref->name, "^{}"))
+			continue;
+		if (!has_object_file(&ref->old_oid))
+			continue;
+		update_ref(msg, ref->name, ref->old_oid.hash,
+			   NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+	}
+}
+
+static int iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	struct ref **rm = cb_data;
+	struct ref *ref = *rm;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip anything missing a peer_ref, which we are not
+	 * actually going to write a ref for.
+	 */
+	while (ref && !ref->peer_ref)
+		ref = ref->next;
+	/* Returning -1 notes "end of list" to the caller. */
+	if (!ref)
+		return -1;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_oid.hash);
+	*rm = ref->next;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void update_remote_refs(const struct ref *refs,
+			       const struct ref *mapped_refs,
+			       const struct ref *remote_head_points_at,
+			       const char *branch_top,
+			       const char *msg,
+			       struct transport *transport,
+			       int check_connectivity)
+{
+	const struct ref *rm = mapped_refs;
+
+	if (check_connectivity) {
+		if (transport->progress)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Checking connectivity... "));
+		if (check_everything_connected_with_transport(iterate_ref_map,
+							      0, &rm, transport))
+			die(_("remote did not send all necessary objects"));
+		if (transport->progress)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("done.\n"));
+	}
+
+	if (refs) {
+		write_remote_refs(mapped_refs);
+		if (option_single_branch)
+			write_followtags(refs, msg);
+	}
+
+	if (remote_head_points_at && !option_bare) {
+		struct strbuf head_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&head_ref, branch_top);
+		strbuf_addstr(&head_ref, "HEAD");
+		if (create_symref(head_ref.buf,
+				  remote_head_points_at->peer_ref->name,
+				  msg) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to update %s"), head_ref.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&head_ref);
+	}
+}
+
+static void update_head(const struct ref *our, const struct ref *remote,
+			const char *msg)
+{
+	const char *head;
+	if (our && skip_prefix(our->name, "refs/heads/", &head)) {
+		/* Local default branch link */
+		if (create_symref("HEAD", our->name, NULL) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to update HEAD"));
+		if (!option_bare) {
+			update_ref(msg, "HEAD", our->old_oid.hash, NULL, 0,
+				   UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+			install_branch_config(0, head, option_origin, our->name);
+		}
+	} else if (our) {
+		struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference(our->old_oid.hash);
+		/* --branch specifies a non-branch (i.e. tags), detach HEAD */
+		update_ref(msg, "HEAD", c->object.oid.hash,
+			   NULL, REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+	} else if (remote) {
+		/*
+		 * We know remote HEAD points to a non-branch, or
+		 * HEAD points to a branch but we don't know which one.
+		 * Detach HEAD in all these cases.
+		 */
+		update_ref(msg, "HEAD", remote->old_oid.hash,
+			   NULL, REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+	}
+}
+
+static int checkout(void)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *head;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree *tree;
+	struct tree_desc t;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (option_no_checkout)
+		return 0;
+
+	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, NULL);
+	if (!head) {
+		warning(_("remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, "
+			  "unable to checkout.\n"));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD")) {
+		if (advice_detached_head)
+			detach_advice(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else {
+		if (!starts_with(head, "refs/heads/"))
+			die(_("HEAD not found below refs/heads!"));
+	}
+	free(head);
+
+	/* We need to be in the new work tree for the checkout */
+	setup_work_tree();
+
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof opts);
+	opts.update = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+	opts.verbose_update = (option_verbosity >= 0);
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+	parse_tree(tree);
+	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts) < 0)
+		die(_("unable to checkout working tree"));
+
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
+
+	err |= run_hook_le(NULL, "post-checkout", sha1_to_hex(null_sha1),
+			   sha1_to_hex(sha1), "1", NULL);
+
+	if (!err && option_recursive) {
+		struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		argv_array_pushl(&args, "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", NULL);
+
+		if (option_shallow_submodules == 1)
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--depth=1");
+
+		if (max_jobs != -1)
+			argv_array_pushf(&args, "--jobs=%d", max_jobs);
+
+		err = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+		argv_array_clear(&args);
 	}
 
-	pack_refs(PACK_REFS_ALL);
-	clear_extra_refs();
+	return err;
 }
 
 static int write_one_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *data)
 {
-	return git_config_set_multivar(key, value ? value : "true", "^$", 0);
+	return git_config_set_multivar_gently(key, value ? value : "true", "^$", 0);
 }
 
 static void write_config(struct string_list *config)
@@ -460,10 +763,76 @@ static void write_config(struct string_list *config)
 	for (i = 0; i < config->nr; i++) {
 		if (git_config_parse_parameter(config->items[i].string,
 					       write_one_config, NULL) < 0)
-			die("unable to write parameters to config file");
+			die(_("unable to write parameters to config file"));
 	}
 }
 
+static void write_refspec_config(const char *src_ref_prefix,
+		const struct ref *our_head_points_at,
+		const struct ref *remote_head_points_at,
+		struct strbuf *branch_top)
+{
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf value = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (option_mirror || !option_bare) {
+		if (option_single_branch && !option_mirror) {
+			if (option_branch) {
+				if (starts_with(our_head_points_at->name, "refs/tags/"))
+					strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s", our_head_points_at->name,
+						our_head_points_at->name);
+				else
+					strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s%s", our_head_points_at->name,
+						branch_top->buf, option_branch);
+			} else if (remote_head_points_at) {
+				const char *head = remote_head_points_at->name;
+				if (!skip_prefix(head, "refs/heads/", &head))
+					die("BUG: remote HEAD points at non-head?");
+
+				strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s%s", remote_head_points_at->name,
+						branch_top->buf, head);
+			}
+			/*
+			 * otherwise, the next "git fetch" will
+			 * simply fetch from HEAD without updating
+			 * any remote-tracking branch, which is what
+			 * we want.
+			 */
+		} else {
+			strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s*:%s*", src_ref_prefix, branch_top->buf);
+		}
+		/* Configure the remote */
+		if (value.len) {
+			strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", option_origin);
+			git_config_set_multivar(key.buf, value.buf, "^$", 0);
+			strbuf_reset(&key);
+
+			if (option_mirror) {
+				strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.mirror", option_origin);
+				git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
+				strbuf_reset(&key);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+	strbuf_release(&value);
+}
+
+static void dissociate_from_references(void)
+{
+	static const char* argv[] = { "repack", "-a", "-d", NULL };
+	char *alternates = git_pathdup("objects/info/alternates");
+
+	if (!access(alternates, F_OK)) {
+		if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD|RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN))
+			die(_("cannot repack to clean up"));
+		if (unlink(alternates) && errno != ENOENT)
+			die_errno(_("cannot unlink temporary alternates file"));
+	}
+	free(alternates);
+}
+
 int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int is_bundle = 0, is_local;
@@ -475,17 +844,17 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const struct ref *remote_head_points_at;
 	const struct ref *our_head_points_at;
 	struct ref *mapped_refs;
+	const struct ref *ref;
 	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT, value = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf branch_top = STRBUF_INIT, reflog_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct transport *transport = NULL;
-	char *src_ref_prefix = "refs/heads/";
-	int err = 0;
+	const char *src_ref_prefix = "refs/heads/";
+	struct remote *remote;
+	int err = 0, complete_refs_before_fetch = 1;
 
 	struct refspec *refspec;
 	const char *fetch_pattern;
 
-	junk_pid = getpid();
-
 	packet_trace_identity("clone");
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_clone_options,
 			     builtin_clone_usage, 0);
@@ -498,6 +867,9 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_msg_opt(_("You must specify a repository to clone."),
 			builtin_clone_usage, builtin_clone_options);
 
+	if (option_single_branch == -1)
+		option_single_branch = option_depth ? 1 : 0;
+
 	if (option_mirror)
 		option_bare = 1;
 
@@ -505,6 +877,8 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (option_origin)
 			die(_("--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."),
 			    option_origin);
+		if (real_git_dir)
+			die(_("--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."));
 		option_no_checkout = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -520,9 +894,10 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("repository '%s' does not exist"), repo_name);
 	else
 		repo = repo_name;
-	is_local = path && !is_bundle;
-	if (is_local && option_depth)
-		warning(_("--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."));
+
+	/* no need to be strict, transport_set_option() will validate it again */
+	if (option_depth && atoi(option_depth) < 1)
+		die(_("depth %s is not a positive number"), option_depth);
 
 	if (argc == 2)
 		dir = xstrdup(argv[1]);
@@ -549,48 +924,42 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		git_dir = xstrdup(dir);
 	else {
 		work_tree = dir;
-		git_dir = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.git", dir));
+		git_dir = mkpathdup("%s/.git", dir);
 	}
 
+	atexit(remove_junk);
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
+
 	if (!option_bare) {
-		junk_work_tree = work_tree;
 		if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(work_tree) < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"),
 				  work_tree);
-		if (!dest_exists && mkdir(work_tree, 0755))
-			die_errno(_("could not create work tree dir '%s'."),
+		if (!dest_exists && mkdir(work_tree, 0777))
+			die_errno(_("could not create work tree dir '%s'"),
 				  work_tree);
+		junk_work_tree = work_tree;
 		set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
 	}
-	junk_git_dir = git_dir;
-	atexit(remove_junk);
-	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
-
-	setenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT, mkpath("%s/config", git_dir), 1);
 
+	junk_git_dir = git_dir;
 	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(git_dir) < 0)
 		die(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"), git_dir);
 
 	set_git_dir_init(git_dir, real_git_dir, 0);
-	if (real_git_dir)
+	if (real_git_dir) {
 		git_dir = real_git_dir;
+		junk_git_dir = real_git_dir;
+	}
 
 	if (0 <= option_verbosity) {
 		if (option_bare)
-			printf(_("Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"), dir);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"), dir);
 		else
-			printf(_("Cloning into '%s'...\n"), dir);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Cloning into '%s'...\n"), dir);
 	}
 	init_db(option_template, INIT_DB_QUIET);
 	write_config(&option_config);
 
-	/*
-	 * At this point, the config exists, so we do not need the
-	 * environment variable.  We actually need to unset it, too, to
-	 * re-enable parsing of the global configs.
-	 */
-	unsetenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
-
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (option_bare) {
@@ -604,20 +973,6 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s*:%s*", src_ref_prefix, branch_top.buf);
-
-	if (option_mirror || !option_bare) {
-		/* Configure the remote */
-		strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", option_origin);
-		git_config_set_multivar(key.buf, value.buf, "^$", 0);
-		strbuf_reset(&key);
-
-		if (option_mirror) {
-			strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.mirror", option_origin);
-			git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
-			strbuf_reset(&key);
-		}
-	}
-
 	strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.url", option_origin);
 	git_config_set(key.buf, repo);
 	strbuf_reset(&key);
@@ -630,64 +985,89 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	strbuf_reset(&value);
 
+	remote = remote_get(option_origin);
+	transport = transport_get(remote, remote->url[0]);
+	transport_set_verbosity(transport, option_verbosity, option_progress);
+	transport->family = family;
+
+	path = get_repo_path(remote->url[0], &is_bundle);
+	is_local = option_local != 0 && path && !is_bundle;
 	if (is_local) {
-		refs = clone_local(path, git_dir);
-		mapped_refs = wanted_peer_refs(refs, refspec);
-	} else {
-		struct remote *remote = remote_get(option_origin);
-		transport = transport_get(remote, remote->url[0]);
+		if (option_depth)
+			warning(_("--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."));
+		if (!access(mkpath("%s/shallow", path), F_OK)) {
+			if (option_local > 0)
+				warning(_("source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"));
+			is_local = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (option_local > 0 && !is_local)
+		warning(_("--local is ignored"));
+	transport->cloning = 1;
 
-		if (!transport->get_refs_list || !transport->fetch)
-			die(_("Don't know how to clone %s"), transport->url);
+	if (!transport->get_refs_list || (!is_local && !transport->fetch))
+		die(_("Don't know how to clone %s"), transport->url);
 
-		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
 
-		if (option_depth)
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH,
-					     option_depth);
+	if (option_depth)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH,
+				     option_depth);
+	if (option_single_branch)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
 
-		transport_set_verbosity(transport, option_verbosity, option_progress);
+	if (option_upload_pack)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
+				     option_upload_pack);
 
-		if (option_upload_pack)
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
-					     option_upload_pack);
+	if (transport->smart_options && !option_depth)
+		transport->smart_options->check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 
-		refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
-		if (refs) {
-			mapped_refs = wanted_peer_refs(refs, refspec);
-			transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
-		}
-	}
+	refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
 
 	if (refs) {
-		clear_extra_refs();
+		mapped_refs = wanted_peer_refs(refs, refspec);
+		/*
+		 * transport_get_remote_refs() may return refs with null sha-1
+		 * in mapped_refs (see struct transport->get_refs_list
+		 * comment). In that case we need fetch it early because
+		 * remote_head code below relies on it.
+		 *
+		 * for normal clones, transport_get_remote_refs() should
+		 * return reliable ref set, we can delay cloning until after
+		 * remote HEAD check.
+		 */
+		for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+			if (is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid)) {
+				complete_refs_before_fetch = 0;
+				break;
+			}
 
-		write_remote_refs(mapped_refs);
+		if (!is_local && !complete_refs_before_fetch)
+			transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
 
 		remote_head = find_ref_by_name(refs, "HEAD");
 		remote_head_points_at =
 			guess_remote_head(remote_head, mapped_refs, 0);
 
 		if (option_branch) {
-			struct strbuf head = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addstr(&head, src_ref_prefix);
-			strbuf_addstr(&head, option_branch);
 			our_head_points_at =
-				find_ref_by_name(mapped_refs, head.buf);
-			strbuf_release(&head);
+				find_remote_branch(mapped_refs, option_branch);
 
-			if (!our_head_points_at) {
-				warning(_("Remote branch %s not found in "
-					"upstream %s, using HEAD instead"),
-					option_branch, option_origin);
-				our_head_points_at = remote_head_points_at;
-			}
+			if (!our_head_points_at)
+				die(_("Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"),
+				    option_branch, option_origin);
 		}
 		else
 			our_head_points_at = remote_head_points_at;
 	}
 	else {
+		if (option_branch)
+			die(_("Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"),
+					option_branch, option_origin);
+
 		warning(_("You appear to have cloned an empty repository."));
+		mapped_refs = NULL;
 		our_head_points_at = NULL;
 		remote_head_points_at = NULL;
 		remote_head = NULL;
@@ -697,89 +1077,36 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					      "refs/heads/master");
 	}
 
-	if (remote_head_points_at && !option_bare) {
-		struct strbuf head_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_addstr(&head_ref, branch_top.buf);
-		strbuf_addstr(&head_ref, "HEAD");
-		create_symref(head_ref.buf,
-			      remote_head_points_at->peer_ref->name,
-			      reflog_msg.buf);
-	}
+	write_refspec_config(src_ref_prefix, our_head_points_at,
+			remote_head_points_at, &branch_top);
 
-	if (our_head_points_at) {
-		/* Local default branch link */
-		create_symref("HEAD", our_head_points_at->name, NULL);
-		if (!option_bare) {
-			const char *head = skip_prefix(our_head_points_at->name,
-						       "refs/heads/");
-			update_ref(reflog_msg.buf, "HEAD",
-				   our_head_points_at->old_sha1,
-				   NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
-			install_branch_config(0, head, option_origin,
-					      our_head_points_at->name);
-		}
-	} else if (remote_head) {
-		/* Source had detached HEAD pointing somewhere. */
-		if (!option_bare) {
-			update_ref(reflog_msg.buf, "HEAD",
-				   remote_head->old_sha1,
-				   NULL, REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
-			our_head_points_at = remote_head;
-		}
-	} else {
-		/* Nothing to checkout out */
-		if (!option_no_checkout)
-			warning(_("remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, "
-				"unable to checkout.\n"));
-		option_no_checkout = 1;
-	}
-
-	if (transport) {
-		transport_unlock_pack(transport);
-		transport_disconnect(transport);
-	}
-
-	if (!option_no_checkout) {
-		struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-		struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-		struct tree *tree;
-		struct tree_desc t;
-		int fd;
+	if (is_local)
+		clone_local(path, git_dir);
+	else if (refs && complete_refs_before_fetch)
+		transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
 
-		/* We need to be in the new work tree for the checkout */
-		setup_work_tree();
+	update_remote_refs(refs, mapped_refs, remote_head_points_at,
+			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf, transport, !is_local);
 
-		fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+	update_head(our_head_points_at, remote_head, reflog_msg.buf);
 
-		memset(&opts, 0, sizeof opts);
-		opts.update = 1;
-		opts.merge = 1;
-		opts.fn = oneway_merge;
-		opts.verbose_update = (option_verbosity > 0);
-		opts.src_index = &the_index;
-		opts.dst_index = &the_index;
-
-		tree = parse_tree_indirect(our_head_points_at->old_sha1);
-		parse_tree(tree);
-		init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
-		unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
-
-		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
-			die(_("unable to write new index file"));
-
-		err |= run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout", sha1_to_hex(null_sha1),
-				sha1_to_hex(our_head_points_at->old_sha1), "1",
-				NULL);
+	transport_unlock_pack(transport);
+	transport_disconnect(transport);
 
-		if (!err && option_recursive)
-			err = run_command_v_opt(argv_submodule, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	if (option_dissociate) {
+		close_all_packs();
+		dissociate_from_references();
 	}
 
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_REPO;
+	err = checkout();
+
 	strbuf_release(&reflog_msg);
 	strbuf_release(&branch_top);
 	strbuf_release(&key);
 	strbuf_release(&value);
-	junk_pid = 0;
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_ALL;
+
+	free(refspec);
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/column.c b/builtin/column.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33314b4d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/column.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "column.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_column_usage[] = {
+	N_("git column [<options>]"),
+	NULL
+};
+static unsigned int colopts;
+
+static int column_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	return git_column_config(var, value, cb, &colopts);
+}
+
+int cmd_column(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct column_options copts;
+	const char *command = NULL, *real_command = NULL;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING(0, "command", &real_command, N_("name"), N_("lookup config vars")),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "mode", &colopts, N_("layout to use")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "raw-mode", &colopts, N_("layout to use")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "width", &copts.width, N_("Maximum width")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "indent", &copts.indent, N_("string"), N_("Padding space on left border")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "nl", &copts.nl, N_("Padding space on right border")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "padding", &copts.padding, N_("Padding space between columns")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	/* This one is special and must be the first one */
+	if (argc > 1 && starts_with(argv[1], "--command=")) {
+		command = argv[1] + 10;
+		git_config(column_config, (void *)command);
+	} else
+		git_config(column_config, NULL);
+
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.width = term_columns();
+	copts.padding = 1;
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, "", options, builtin_column_usage, 0);
+	if (argc)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_column_usage, options);
+	if (real_command || command) {
+		if (!real_command || !command || strcmp(real_command, command))
+			die(_("--command must be the first argument"));
+	}
+	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
+	while (!strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin))
+		string_list_append(&list, sb.buf);
+
+	print_columns(&list, colopts, &copts);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/commit-tree.c b/builtin/commit-tree.c
index 05353c30f2..8a674bc9e7 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-tree.c
@@ -8,16 +8,19 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
 
-static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
+static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1>";
+
+static const char *sign_commit;
 
 static void new_parent(struct commit *parent, struct commit_list **parents_p)
 {
-	unsigned char *sha1 = parent->object.sha1;
+	struct object_id *oid = &parent->object.oid;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
 	for (parents = *parents_p; parents; parents = parents->next) {
 		if (parents->item == parent) {
-			error("duplicate parent %s ignored", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			error("duplicate parent %s ignored", oid_to_hex(oid));
 			return;
 		}
 		parents_p = &parents->next;
@@ -25,6 +28,14 @@ static void new_parent(struct commit *parent, struct commit_list **parents_p)
 	commit_list_insert(parent, parents_p);
 }
 
+static int commit_tree_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	int status = git_gpg_config(var, value, NULL);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
 int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, got_tree = 0;
@@ -33,7 +44,7 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	git_config(commit_tree_config, NULL);
 
 	if (argc < 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage(commit_tree_usage);
@@ -44,13 +55,21 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			if (argc <= ++i)
 				usage(commit_tree_usage);
-			if (get_sha1(argv[i], sha1))
+			if (get_sha1_commit(argv[i], sha1))
 				die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[i]);
 			assert_sha1_type(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT);
 			new_parent(lookup_commit(sha1), &parents);
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "-S", &sign_commit))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-gpg-sign")) {
+			sign_commit = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "-m")) {
 			if (argc <= ++i)
 				usage(commit_tree_usage);
@@ -86,7 +105,7 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (get_sha1(arg, tree_sha1))
+		if (get_sha1_tree(arg, tree_sha1))
 			die("Not a valid object name %s", arg);
 		if (got_tree)
 			die("Cannot give more than one trees");
@@ -98,7 +117,8 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			die_errno("git commit-tree: failed to read");
 	}
 
-	if (commit_tree(&buffer, tree_sha1, parents, commit_sha1, NULL)) {
+	if (commit_tree(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_sha1, parents,
+			commit_sha1, NULL, sign_commit)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buffer);
 		return 1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index 3069041b80..3f189428b1 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -26,18 +27,37 @@
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
-	"git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_status_usage[] = {
-	"git status [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static const char implicit_ident_advice[] =
+static const char implicit_ident_advice_noconfig[] =
+N_("Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n");
+
+static const char implicit_ident_advice_config[] =
 N_("Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
 "You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
@@ -59,11 +79,22 @@ N_("The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n");
+
+static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice_single[] =
+N_("Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
+
+static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice_multi[] =
+N_("If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n");
+
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_commit_editmsg, "COMMIT_EDITMSG")
 
 static const char *use_message_buffer;
-static const char commit_editmsg[] = "COMMIT_EDITMSG";
 static struct lock_file index_lock; /* real index */
 static struct lock_file false_lock; /* used only for partial commits */
 static enum {
@@ -84,8 +115,11 @@ static char *fixup_message, *squash_message;
 static int all, also, interactive, patch_interactive, only, amend, signoff;
 static int edit_flag = -1; /* unspecified */
 static int quiet, verbose, no_verify, allow_empty, dry_run, renew_authorship;
+static int config_commit_verbose = -1; /* unspecified */
 static int no_post_rewrite, allow_empty_message;
 static char *untracked_files_arg, *force_date, *ignore_submodule_arg;
+static char *sign_commit;
+
 /*
  * The default commit message cleanup mode will remove the lines
  * beginning with # (shell comments) and leading and trailing
@@ -96,115 +130,66 @@ static char *untracked_files_arg, *force_date, *ignore_submodule_arg;
 static enum {
 	CLEANUP_SPACE,
 	CLEANUP_NONE,
+	CLEANUP_SCISSORS,
 	CLEANUP_ALL
 } cleanup_mode;
-static char *cleanup_arg;
+static const char *cleanup_arg;
 
 static enum commit_whence whence;
+static int sequencer_in_use;
 static int use_editor = 1, include_status = 1;
-static int show_ignored_in_status;
+static int show_ignored_in_status, have_option_m;
 static const char *only_include_assumed;
-static struct strbuf message;
+static struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-static int null_termination;
-static enum {
+static enum status_format {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_NONE = 0,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_LONG,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT,
-	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN
-} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_LONG;
-static int status_show_branch;
+	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN,
+
+	STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED
+} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 static int opt_parse_m(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct strbuf *buf = opt->value;
-	if (unset)
+	if (unset) {
+		have_option_m = 0;
 		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
-	else {
+	} else {
+		have_option_m = 1;
+		if (buf->len)
+			strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
 		strbuf_addstr(buf, arg);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, "\n\n");
+		strbuf_complete_line(buf);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
-	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress summary after successful commit"),
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "show diff in commit message template"),
-
-	OPT_GROUP("Commit message options"),
-	OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, "read message from file"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, "author", "override author for commit"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, "date", "override date for commit"),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, "message", "commit message", opt_parse_m),
-	OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, "commit", "reuse and edit message from specified commit"),
-	OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, "commit", "reuse message from specified commit"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, "commit", "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, "commit", "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-	OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, "use specified template file"),
-	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, "force edit of commit"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, "default", "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "status", &include_status, "include status in commit message template"),
-	/* end commit message options */
-
-	OPT_GROUP("Commit contents options"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all, "commit all changed files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "include", &also, "add specified files to index for commit"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interactive", &interactive, "interactively add files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "interactively add changes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "only", &only, "commit only specified files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, "bypass pre-commit hook"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, "show what would be committed"),
-	OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, "show status concisely",
-		    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "branch", &status_show_branch, "show branch information"),
-	OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
-		    "machine-readable output", STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &null_termination,
-		    "terminate entries with NUL"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, "amend previous commit"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, "bypass post-rewrite hook"),
-	{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, "mode", "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
-	/* end commit contents options */
-
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, NULL,
-	  "ok to record an empty change",
-	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message, NULL,
-	  "ok to record a change with an empty message",
-	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-
-	OPT_END()
-};
-
 static void determine_whence(struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
+	if (file_exists(git_path_merge_head()))
 		whence = FROM_MERGE;
-	else if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")))
+	else if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head())) {
 		whence = FROM_CHERRY_PICK;
+		if (file_exists(git_path(SEQ_DIR)))
+			sequencer_in_use = 1;
+	}
 	else
 		whence = FROM_COMMIT;
 	if (s)
 		s->whence = whence;
 }
 
-static const char *whence_s(void)
+static void status_init_config(struct wt_status *s, config_fn_t fn)
 {
-	char *s = "";
-
-	switch (whence) {
-	case FROM_COMMIT:
-		break;
-	case FROM_MERGE:
-		s = "merge";
-		break;
-	case FROM_CHERRY_PICK:
-		s = "cherry-pick";
-		break;
-	}
-
-	return s;
+	wt_status_prepare(s);
+	gitmodules_config();
+	git_config(fn, s);
+	determine_whence(s);
+	init_diff_ui_defaults();
+	s->hints = advice_status_hints; /* must come after git_config() */
 }
 
 static void rollback_index_files(void)
@@ -246,14 +231,15 @@ static int commit_index_files(void)
  * and return the paths that match the given pattern in list.
  */
 static int list_paths(struct string_list *list, const char *with_tree,
-		      const char *prefix, const char **pattern)
+		      const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pattern)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, ret;
 	char *m;
 
-	for (i = 0; pattern[i]; i++)
-		;
-	m = xcalloc(1, i);
+	if (!pattern->nr)
+		return 0;
+
+	m = xcalloc(1, pattern->nr);
 
 	if (with_tree) {
 		char *max_prefix = common_prefix(pattern);
@@ -262,19 +248,21 @@ static int list_paths(struct string_list *list, const char *with_tree,
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 			continue;
-		if (!match_pathspec(pattern, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, m))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, pattern, m))
 			continue;
 		item = string_list_insert(list, ce->name);
 		if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
 			item->util = item; /* better a valid pointer than a fake one */
 	}
 
-	return report_path_error(m, pattern, prefix);
+	ret = report_path_error(m, pattern, prefix);
+	free(m);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static void add_remove_files(struct string_list *list)
@@ -315,7 +303,7 @@ static void create_base_index(const struct commit *current_head)
 	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
 
 	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
-	tree = parse_tree_indirect(current_head->object.sha1);
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(current_head->object.oid.hash);
 	if (!tree)
 		die(_("failed to unpack HEAD tree object"));
 	parse_tree(tree);
@@ -334,35 +322,34 @@ static void refresh_cache_or_die(int refresh_flags)
 		die_resolve_conflict("commit");
 }
 
-static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
-			   const struct commit *current_head, int is_status)
+static const char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+				 const struct commit *current_head, int is_status)
 {
-	int fd;
 	struct string_list partial;
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
-	char *old_index_env = NULL;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int refresh_flags = REFRESH_QUIET;
+	const char *ret;
 
 	if (is_status)
 		refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+	if (read_cache_preload(&pathspec) < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
 	if (interactive) {
-		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+		char *old_index_env = NULL;
+		hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 
-		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
 			die(_("unable to create temporary index"));
 
 		old_index_env = getenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
-		setenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT, index_lock.filename, 1);
+		setenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT, get_lock_file_path(&index_lock), 1);
 
 		if (interactive_add(argc, argv, prefix, patch_interactive) != 0)
 			die(_("interactive add failed"));
@@ -373,10 +360,17 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 			unsetenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
 
 		discard_cache();
-		read_cache_from(index_lock.filename);
+		read_cache_from(get_lock_file_path(&index_lock));
+		if (update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT) == 0) {
+			if (reopen_lock_file(&index_lock) < 0)
+				die(_("unable to write index file"));
+			if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
+				die(_("unable to update temporary index"));
+		} else
+			warning(_("Failed to update main cache tree"));
 
 		commit_style = COMMIT_NORMAL;
-		return index_lock.filename;
+		return get_lock_file_path(&index_lock);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -391,16 +385,15 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	 * (A) if all goes well, commit the real index;
 	 * (B) on failure, rollback the real index.
 	 */
-	if (all || (also && pathspec && *pathspec)) {
-		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
-		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, pathspec, 0);
+	if (all || (also && pathspec.nr)) {
+		hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, &pathspec, 0, 0);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
-		update_main_cache_tree(1);
-		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
+		update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
 			die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
 		commit_style = COMMIT_NORMAL;
-		return index_lock.filename;
+		return get_lock_file_path(&index_lock);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -412,13 +405,15 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	 * and create commit from the_index.
 	 * We still need to refresh the index here.
 	 */
-	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec) {
-		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+	if (!only && !pathspec.nr) {
+		hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
+		if (active_cache_changed
+		    || !cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
+			update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
 		if (active_cache_changed) {
-			update_main_cache_tree(1);
-			if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			    commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
+			if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock,
+					       COMMIT_LOCK))
 				die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
 		} else {
 			rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
@@ -448,42 +443,44 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	 */
 	commit_style = COMMIT_PARTIAL;
 
-	if (whence != FROM_COMMIT)
-		die(_("cannot do a partial commit during a %s."), whence_s());
+	if (whence != FROM_COMMIT) {
+		if (whence == FROM_MERGE)
+			die(_("cannot do a partial commit during a merge."));
+		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
+			die(_("cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."));
+	}
 
-	memset(&partial, 0, sizeof(partial));
-	partial.strdup_strings = 1;
-	if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, pathspec))
+	string_list_init(&partial, 1);
+	if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, &pathspec))
 		exit(1);
 
 	discard_cache();
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("cannot read the index"));
 
-	fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 	add_remove_files(&partial);
 	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
+	update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
 
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&false_lock,
-				       git_path("next-index-%"PRIuMAX,
-						(uintmax_t) getpid()),
-				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	hold_lock_file_for_update(&false_lock,
+				  git_path("next-index-%"PRIuMAX,
+					   (uintmax_t) getpid()),
+				  LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 
 	create_base_index(current_head);
 	add_remove_files(&partial);
 	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    close_lock_file(&false_lock))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &false_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write temporary index file"));
 
 	discard_cache();
-	read_cache_from(false_lock.filename);
-
-	return false_lock.filename;
+	ret = get_lock_file_path(&false_lock);
+	read_cache_from(ret);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int run_status(FILE *fp, const char *index_file, const char *prefix, int nowarn,
@@ -508,11 +505,15 @@ static int run_status(FILE *fp, const char *index_file, const char *prefix, int
 
 	switch (status_format) {
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
-		wt_shortstatus_print(s, null_termination, status_show_branch);
+		wt_shortstatus_print(s);
 		break;
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
-		wt_porcelain_print(s, null_termination);
+		wt_porcelain_print(s);
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		wt_status_print(s);
 		break;
@@ -526,104 +527,135 @@ static int is_a_merge(const struct commit *current_head)
 	return !!(current_head->parents && current_head->parents->next);
 }
 
-static const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+static void assert_split_ident(struct ident_split *id, const struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (split_ident_line(id, buf->buf, buf->len) || !id->date_begin)
+		die("BUG: unable to parse our own ident: %s", buf->buf);
+}
+
+static void export_one(const char *var, const char *s, const char *e, int hack)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (hack)
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, hack);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%.*s", (int)(e - s), s);
+	setenv(var, buf.buf, 1);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static int parse_force_date(const char *in, struct strbuf *out)
+{
+	strbuf_addch(out, '@');
+
+	if (parse_date(in, out) < 0) {
+		int errors = 0;
+		unsigned long t = approxidate_careful(in, &errors);
+		if (errors)
+			return -1;
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%lu", t);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void set_ident_var(char **buf, char *val)
+{
+	free(*buf);
+	*buf = val;
+}
 
 static void determine_author_info(struct strbuf *author_ident)
 {
 	char *name, *email, *date;
+	struct ident_split author;
 
-	name = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME");
-	email = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL");
-	date = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE");
+	name = xstrdup_or_null(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"));
+	email = xstrdup_or_null(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"));
+	date = xstrdup_or_null(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"));
 
 	if (author_message) {
-		const char *a, *lb, *rb, *eol;
+		struct ident_split ident;
+		size_t len;
+		const char *a;
 
-		a = strstr(author_message_buffer, "\nauthor ");
+		a = find_commit_header(author_message_buffer, "author", &len);
 		if (!a)
-			die(_("invalid commit: %s"), author_message);
-
-		lb = strchrnul(a + strlen("\nauthor "), '<');
-		rb = strchrnul(lb, '>');
-		eol = strchrnul(rb, '\n');
-		if (!*lb || !*rb || !*eol)
-			die(_("invalid commit: %s"), author_message);
-
-		if (lb == a + strlen("\nauthor "))
-			/* \nauthor <foo@example.com> */
-			name = xcalloc(1, 1);
-		else
-			name = xmemdupz(a + strlen("\nauthor "),
-					(lb - strlen(" ") -
-					 (a + strlen("\nauthor "))));
-		email = xmemdupz(lb + strlen("<"), rb - (lb + strlen("<")));
-		date = xmemdupz(rb + strlen("> "), eol - (rb + strlen("> ")));
+			die(_("commit '%s' lacks author header"), author_message);
+		if (split_ident_line(&ident, a, len) < 0)
+			die(_("commit '%s' has malformed author line"), author_message);
+
+		set_ident_var(&name, xmemdupz(ident.name_begin, ident.name_end - ident.name_begin));
+		set_ident_var(&email, xmemdupz(ident.mail_begin, ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin));
+
+		if (ident.date_begin) {
+			struct strbuf date_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addch(&date_buf, '@');
+			strbuf_add(&date_buf, ident.date_begin, ident.date_end - ident.date_begin);
+			strbuf_addch(&date_buf, ' ');
+			strbuf_add(&date_buf, ident.tz_begin, ident.tz_end - ident.tz_begin);
+			set_ident_var(&date, strbuf_detach(&date_buf, NULL));
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (force_author) {
-		const char *lb = strstr(force_author, " <");
-		const char *rb = strchr(force_author, '>');
+		struct ident_split ident;
 
-		if (!lb || !rb)
+		if (split_ident_line(&ident, force_author, strlen(force_author)) < 0)
 			die(_("malformed --author parameter"));
-		name = xstrndup(force_author, lb - force_author);
-		email = xstrndup(lb + 2, rb - (lb + 2));
+		set_ident_var(&name, xmemdupz(ident.name_begin, ident.name_end - ident.name_begin));
+		set_ident_var(&email, xmemdupz(ident.mail_begin, ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin));
 	}
 
-	if (force_date)
-		date = force_date;
-	strbuf_addstr(author_ident, fmt_ident(name, email, date,
-					      IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
-}
-
-static int ends_rfc2822_footer(struct strbuf *sb)
-{
-	int ch;
-	int hit = 0;
-	int i, j, k;
-	int len = sb->len;
-	int first = 1;
-	const char *buf = sb->buf;
-
-	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
-		if (hit && buf[i] == '\n')
-			break;
-		hit = (buf[i] == '\n');
+	if (force_date) {
+		struct strbuf date_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (parse_force_date(force_date, &date_buf))
+			die(_("invalid date format: %s"), force_date);
+		set_ident_var(&date, strbuf_detach(&date_buf, NULL));
 	}
 
-	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
-		i++;
+	strbuf_addstr(author_ident, fmt_ident(name, email, date, IDENT_STRICT));
+	assert_split_ident(&author, author_ident);
+	export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME", author.name_begin, author.name_end, 0);
+	export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL", author.mail_begin, author.mail_end, 0);
+	export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE", author.date_begin, author.tz_end, '@');
+	free(name);
+	free(email);
+	free(date);
+}
 
-	for (; i < len; i = k) {
-		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		k++;
+static int author_date_is_interesting(void)
+{
+	return author_message || force_date;
+}
 
-		if ((buf[k] == ' ' || buf[k] == '\t') && !first)
-			continue;
+static void adjust_comment_line_char(const struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	char candidates[] = "#;@!$%^&|:";
+	char *candidate;
+	const char *p;
 
-		first = 0;
+	comment_line_char = candidates[0];
+	if (!memchr(sb->buf, comment_line_char, sb->len))
+		return;
 
-		for (j = 0; i + j < len; j++) {
-			ch = buf[i + j];
-			if (ch == ':')
-				break;
-			if (isalnum(ch) ||
-			    (ch == '-'))
-				continue;
-			return 0;
+	p = sb->buf;
+	candidate = strchr(candidates, *p);
+	if (candidate)
+		*candidate = ' ';
+	for (p = sb->buf; *p; p++) {
+		if ((p[0] == '\n' || p[0] == '\r') && p[1]) {
+			candidate = strchr(candidates, p[1]);
+			if (candidate)
+				*candidate = ' ';
 		}
 	}
-	return 1;
-}
 
-static char *cut_ident_timestamp_part(char *string)
-{
-	char *ket = strrchr(string, '>');
-	if (!ket || ket[1] != ' ')
-		die(_("Malformed ident string: '%s'"), string);
-	*++ket = '\0';
-	return ket;
+	for (p = candidates; *p == ' '; p++)
+		;
+	if (!*p)
+		die(_("unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+		      "in the current commit message"));
+	comment_line_char = *p;
 }
 
 static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
@@ -633,15 +665,17 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 {
 	struct stat statbuf;
 	struct strbuf committer_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int commitable, saved_color_setting;
+	int commitable;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *buffer;
 	const char *hook_arg1 = NULL;
 	const char *hook_arg2 = NULL;
-	int ident_shown = 0;
 	int clean_message_contents = (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE);
+	int old_display_comment_prefix;
+
+	/* This checks and barfs if author is badly specified */
+	determine_author_info(author_ident);
 
-	if (!no_verify && run_hook(index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
+	if (!no_verify && run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (squash_message) {
@@ -663,7 +697,7 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (message.len) {
+	if (have_option_m) {
 		strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &message);
 		hook_arg1 = "message";
 	} else if (logfile && !strcmp(logfile, "-")) {
@@ -678,10 +712,10 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 				  logfile);
 		hook_arg1 = "message";
 	} else if (use_message) {
+		char *buffer;
 		buffer = strstr(use_message_buffer, "\n\n");
-		if (!buffer || buffer[2] == '\0')
-			die(_("commit has empty message"));
-		strbuf_add(&sb, buffer + 2, strlen(buffer + 2));
+		if (buffer)
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, buffer + 2);
 		hook_arg1 = "commit";
 		hook_arg2 = use_message;
 	} else if (fixup_message) {
@@ -694,12 +728,21 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		format_commit_message(commit, "fixup! %s\n\n",
 				      &sb, &ctx);
 		hook_arg1 = "message";
-	} else if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), &statbuf)) {
-		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("MERGE_MSG"), 0) < 0)
+	} else if (!stat(git_path_merge_msg(), &statbuf)) {
+		/*
+		 * prepend SQUASH_MSG here if it exists and a
+		 * "merge --squash" was originally performed
+		 */
+		if (!stat(git_path_squash_msg(), &statbuf)) {
+			if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path_squash_msg(), 0) < 0)
+				die_errno(_("could not read SQUASH_MSG"));
+			hook_arg1 = "squash";
+		} else
+			hook_arg1 = "merge";
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path_merge_msg(), 0) < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not read MERGE_MSG"));
-		hook_arg1 = "merge";
-	} else if (!stat(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"), &statbuf)) {
-		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("SQUASH_MSG"), 0) < 0)
+	} else if (!stat(git_path_squash_msg(), &statbuf)) {
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path_squash_msg(), 0) < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not read SQUASH_MSG"));
 		hook_arg1 = "squash";
 	} else if (template_file) {
@@ -730,100 +773,118 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		hook_arg2 = "";
 	}
 
-	s->fp = fopen(git_path(commit_editmsg), "w");
+	s->fp = fopen_for_writing(git_path_commit_editmsg());
 	if (s->fp == NULL)
-		die_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), git_path(commit_editmsg));
+		die_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), git_path_commit_editmsg());
+
+	/* Ignore status.displayCommentPrefix: we do need comments in COMMIT_EDITMSG. */
+	old_display_comment_prefix = s->display_comment_prefix;
+	s->display_comment_prefix = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Most hints are counter-productive when the commit has
+	 * already started.
+	 */
+	s->hints = 0;
 
 	if (clean_message_contents)
-		stripspace(&sb, 0);
-
-	if (signoff) {
-		struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int i;
-
-		strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
-		strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
-					     getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
-		strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
-		for (i = sb.len - 1; i > 0 && sb.buf[i - 1] != '\n'; i--)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		if (prefixcmp(sb.buf + i, sob.buf)) {
-			if (!i || !ends_rfc2822_footer(&sb))
-				strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
-			strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &sob);
-		}
-		strbuf_release(&sob);
-	}
+		strbuf_stripspace(&sb, 0);
+
+	if (signoff)
+		append_signoff(&sb, ignore_non_trailer(&sb), 0);
 
 	if (fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, s->fp) < sb.len)
 		die_errno(_("could not write commit template"));
 
+	if (auto_comment_line_char)
+		adjust_comment_line_char(&sb);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
-	/* This checks and barfs if author is badly specified */
-	determine_author_info(author_ident);
-
 	/* This checks if committer ident is explicitly given */
-	strbuf_addstr(&committer_ident, git_committer_info(0));
+	strbuf_addstr(&committer_ident, git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT));
 	if (use_editor && include_status) {
-		char *ai_tmp, *ci_tmp;
-		if (whence != FROM_COMMIT)
+		int ident_shown = 0;
+		int saved_color_setting;
+		struct ident_split ci, ai;
+
+		if (whence != FROM_COMMIT) {
+			if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS)
+				wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-				_("\n"
-				"It looks like you may be committing a %s.\n"
-				"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
-				"	%s\n"
-				"and try again.\n"
-				""),
-				whence_s(),
+			    whence == FROM_MERGE
+				? _("\n"
+					"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+					"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+					"	%s\n"
+					"and try again.\n")
+				: _("\n"
+					"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+					"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+					"	%s\n"
+					"and try again.\n"),
 				git_path(whence == FROM_MERGE
 					 ? "MERGE_HEAD"
 					 : "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
+		}
 
 		fprintf(s->fp, "\n");
-		status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-			_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."));
 		if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
-			status_printf_more(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-				_(" Lines starting\n"
-				"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty"
-				" message aborts the commit.\n"));
+			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+				  " Lines starting\nwith '%c' will be ignored, and an empty"
+				  " message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
+		else if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS && whence == FROM_COMMIT)
+			wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
 		else /* CLEANUP_SPACE, that is. */
-			status_printf_more(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-				_(" Lines starting\n"
-				"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-				" yourself if you want to.\n"
-				"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"));
+			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+				  " Lines starting\n"
+				  "with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+				  " yourself if you want to.\n"
+				  "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
 		if (only_include_assumed)
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 					"%s", only_include_assumed);
 
-		ai_tmp = cut_ident_timestamp_part(author_ident->buf);
-		ci_tmp = cut_ident_timestamp_part(committer_ident.buf);
-		if (strcmp(author_ident->buf, committer_ident.buf))
+		/*
+		 * These should never fail because they come from our own
+		 * fmt_ident. They may fail the sane_ident test, but we know
+		 * that the name and mail pointers will at least be valid,
+		 * which is enough for our tests and printing here.
+		 */
+		assert_split_ident(&ai, author_ident);
+		assert_split_ident(&ci, &committer_ident);
+
+		if (ident_cmp(&ai, &ci))
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+				_("%s"
+				"Author:    %.*s <%.*s>"),
+				ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
+				(int)(ai.name_end - ai.name_begin), ai.name_begin,
+				(int)(ai.mail_end - ai.mail_begin), ai.mail_begin);
+
+		if (author_date_is_interesting())
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("%s"
-				"Author:    %s"),
+				"Date:      %s"),
 				ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
-				author_ident->buf);
+				show_ident_date(&ai, DATE_MODE(NORMAL)));
 
-		if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given())
+		if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given())
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("%s"
-				"Committer: %s"),
+				"Committer: %.*s <%.*s>"),
 				ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
-				committer_ident.buf);
+				(int)(ci.name_end - ci.name_begin), ci.name_begin,
+				(int)(ci.mail_end - ci.mail_begin), ci.mail_begin);
 
 		if (ident_shown)
-			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "");
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "%s", "");
 
 		saved_color_setting = s->use_color;
 		s->use_color = 0;
 		commitable = run_status(s->fp, index_file, prefix, 1, s);
 		s->use_color = saved_color_setting;
-
-		*ai_tmp = ' ';
-		*ci_tmp = ' ';
 	} else {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		const char *parent = "HEAD";
@@ -836,8 +897,22 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 
 		if (get_sha1(parent, sha1))
 			commitable = !!active_nr;
-		else
-			commitable = index_differs_from(parent, 0);
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * Unless the user did explicitly request a submodule
+			 * ignore mode by passing a command line option we do
+			 * not ignore any changed submodule SHA-1s when
+			 * comparing index and parent, no matter what is
+			 * configured. Otherwise we won't commit any
+			 * submodules which were manually staged, which would
+			 * be really confusing.
+			 */
+			int diff_flags = DIFF_OPT_OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG;
+			if (ignore_submodule_arg &&
+			    !strcmp(ignore_submodule_arg, "all"))
+				diff_flags |= DIFF_OPT_IGNORE_SUBMODULES;
+			commitable = index_differs_from(parent, diff_flags);
+		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&committer_ident);
 
@@ -850,11 +925,17 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	 */
 	if (!commitable && whence != FROM_MERGE && !allow_empty &&
 	    !(amend && is_a_merge(current_head))) {
+		s->display_comment_prefix = old_display_comment_prefix;
 		run_status(stdout, index_file, prefix, 0, s);
 		if (amend)
 			fputs(_(empty_amend_advice), stderr);
-		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
+		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK) {
 			fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice), stderr);
+			if (!sequencer_in_use)
+				fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice_single), stderr);
+			else
+				fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice_multi), stderr);
+		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -870,8 +951,8 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (run_hook(index_file, "prepare-commit-msg",
-		     git_path(commit_editmsg), hook_arg1, hook_arg2, NULL))
+	if (run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "prepare-commit-msg",
+			    git_path_commit_editmsg(), hook_arg1, hook_arg2, NULL))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (use_editor) {
@@ -879,7 +960,7 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		const char *env[2] = { NULL };
 		env[0] =  index;
 		snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
-		if (launch_editor(git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL, env)) {
+		if (launch_editor(git_path_commit_editmsg(), NULL, env)) {
 			fprintf(stderr,
 			_("Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"));
 			exit(1);
@@ -887,34 +968,17 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	}
 
 	if (!no_verify &&
-	    run_hook(index_file, "commit-msg", git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL)) {
+	    run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "commit-msg", git_path_commit_editmsg(), NULL)) {
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	return 1;
 }
 
-/*
- * Find out if the message in the strbuf contains only whitespace and
- * Signed-off-by lines.
- */
-static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
+static int rest_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb, int start)
 {
-	struct strbuf tmpl = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, eol;
 	const char *nl;
-	int eol, i, start = 0;
-
-	if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* See if the template is just a prefix of the message. */
-	if (template_file && strbuf_read_file(&tmpl, template_file, 0) > 0) {
-		stripspace(&tmpl, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
-		if (start + tmpl.len <= sb->len &&
-		    memcmp(tmpl.buf, sb->buf + start, tmpl.len) == 0)
-			start += tmpl.len;
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&tmpl);
 
 	/* Check if the rest is just whitespace and Signed-of-by's. */
 	for (i = start; i < sb->len; i++) {
@@ -925,7 +989,7 @@ static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
 			eol = sb->len;
 
 		if (strlen(sign_off_header) <= eol - i &&
-		    !prefixcmp(sb->buf + i, sign_off_header)) {
+		    starts_with(sb->buf + i, sign_off_header)) {
 			i = eol;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -937,11 +1001,45 @@ static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
 	return 1;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Find out if the message in the strbuf contains only whitespace and
+ * Signed-off-by lines.
+ */
+static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
+		return 0;
+	return rest_is_empty(sb, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * See if the user edited the message in the editor or left what
+ * was in the template intact
+ */
+static int template_untouched(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	struct strbuf tmpl = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *start;
+
+	if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!template_file || strbuf_read_file(&tmpl, template_file, 0) <= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	strbuf_stripspace(&tmpl, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
+	if (!skip_prefix(sb->buf, tmpl.buf, &start))
+		start = sb->buf;
+	strbuf_release(&tmpl);
+	return rest_is_empty(sb, start - sb->buf);
+}
+
 static const char *find_author_by_nickname(const char *name)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const char *av[20];
 	int ac = 0;
 
@@ -952,16 +1050,21 @@ static const char *find_author_by_nickname(const char *name)
 	av[++ac] = buf.buf;
 	av[++ac] = NULL;
 	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
-	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
+	revs.mailmap = &mailmap;
+	read_mailmap(revs.mailmap, NULL);
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 	commit = get_revision(&revs);
 	if (commit) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
-		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+		ctx.date_mode.type = DATE_NORMAL;
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &buf, &ctx);
+		format_commit_message(commit, "%aN <%aE>", &buf, &ctx);
+		clear_mailmap(&mailmap);
 		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 	}
-	die(_("No existing author found with '%s'"), name);
+	die(_("--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"), name);
 }
 
 
@@ -981,27 +1084,54 @@ static void handle_untracked_files_arg(struct wt_status *s)
 
 static const char *read_commit_message(const char *name)
 {
-	const char *out_enc, *out;
+	const char *out_enc;
 	struct commit *commit;
 
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(name);
 	if (!commit)
 		die(_("could not lookup commit %s"), name);
 	out_enc = get_commit_output_encoding();
-	out = logmsg_reencode(commit, out_enc);
+	return logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, out_enc);
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
-	 * byte for byte so the user can try to fix it up.
-	 * This also handles the case where input and output
-	 * encodings are identical.
-	 */
-	if (out == NULL)
-		out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-	return out;
+/*
+ * Enumerate what needs to be propagated when --porcelain
+ * is not in effect here.
+ */
+static struct status_deferred_config {
+	enum status_format status_format;
+	int show_branch;
+} status_deferred_config = {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED,
+	-1 /* unspecified */
+};
+
+static void finalize_deferred_config(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int use_deferred_config = (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN &&
+				   !s->null_termination);
+
+	if (s->null_termination) {
+		if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_NONE ||
+		    status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+			status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+		else if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+			die(_("--long and -z are incompatible"));
+	}
+
+	if (use_deferred_config && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		status_format = status_deferred_config.status_format;
+	if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE;
+
+	if (use_deferred_config && s->show_branch < 0)
+		s->show_branch = status_deferred_config.show_branch;
+	if (s->show_branch < 0)
+		s->show_branch = 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
+				      const struct option *options,
 				      const char * const usage[],
 				      const char *prefix,
 				      struct commit *current_head,
@@ -1009,8 +1139,8 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 {
 	int f = 0;
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_commit_options, usage,
-			     0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+	finalize_deferred_config(s);
 
 	if (force_author && !strchr(force_author, '>'))
 		force_author = find_author_by_nickname(force_author);
@@ -1018,18 +1148,20 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (force_author && renew_authorship)
 		die(_("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"));
 
-	if (logfile || message.len || use_message || fixup_message)
+	if (logfile || have_option_m || use_message || fixup_message)
 		use_editor = 0;
 	if (0 <= edit_flag)
 		use_editor = edit_flag;
-	if (!use_editor)
-		setenv("GIT_EDITOR", ":", 1);
 
 	/* Sanity check options */
 	if (amend && !current_head)
 		die(_("You have nothing to amend."));
-	if (amend && whence != FROM_COMMIT)
-		die(_("You are in the middle of a %s -- cannot amend."), whence_s());
+	if (amend && whence != FROM_COMMIT) {
+		if (whence == FROM_MERGE)
+			die(_("You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."));
+		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
+			die(_("You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."));
+	}
 	if (fixup_message && squash_message)
 		die(_("Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"));
 	if (use_message)
@@ -1042,8 +1174,10 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 		f++;
 	if (f > 1)
 		die(_("Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."));
-	if (message.len && f > 0)
+	if (have_option_m && f > 0)
 		die((_("Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup.")));
+	if (f || have_option_m)
+		template_file = NULL;
 	if (edit_message)
 		use_message = edit_message;
 	if (amend && !use_message && !fixup_message)
@@ -1065,14 +1199,14 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (patch_interactive)
 		interactive = 1;
 
-	if (!!also + !!only + !!all + !!interactive > 1)
+	if (also + only + all + interactive > 1)
 		die(_("Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."));
 	if (argc == 0 && (also || (only && !amend)))
 		die(_("No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."));
 	if (argc == 0 && only && amend)
 		only_include_assumed = _("Clever... amending the last one with dirty index.");
 	if (argc > 0 && !also && !only)
-		only_include_assumed = _("Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths...");
+		only_include_assumed = _("Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths...");
 	if (!cleanup_arg || !strcmp(cleanup_arg, "default"))
 		cleanup_mode = use_editor ? CLEANUP_ALL : CLEANUP_SPACE;
 	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "verbatim"))
@@ -1081,6 +1215,8 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_SPACE;
 	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "strip"))
 		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_ALL;
+	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "scissors"))
+		cleanup_mode = use_editor ? CLEANUP_SCISSORS : CLEANUP_SPACE;
 	else
 		die(_("Invalid cleanup mode %s"), cleanup_arg);
 
@@ -1089,9 +1225,7 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (all && argc > 0)
 		die(_("Paths with -a does not make sense."));
 
-	if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
-	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
 		dry_run = 1;
 
 	return argc;
@@ -1110,22 +1244,21 @@ static int dry_run_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	return commitable ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
-static int parse_status_slot(const char *var, int offset)
+static int parse_status_slot(const char *slot)
 {
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "header"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "header"))
 		return WT_STATUS_HEADER;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "branch"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "branch"))
 		return WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "updated")
-		|| !strcasecmp(var+offset, "added"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "updated") || !strcasecmp(slot, "added"))
 		return WT_STATUS_UPDATED;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "changed"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "changed"))
 		return WT_STATUS_CHANGED;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "untracked"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "untracked"))
 		return WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "nobranch"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "nobranch"))
 		return WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "unmerged"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "unmerged"))
 		return WT_STATUS_UNMERGED;
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -1133,7 +1266,10 @@ static int parse_status_slot(const char *var, int offset)
 static int git_status_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 {
 	struct wt_status *s = cb;
+	const char *slot_name;
 
+	if (starts_with(k, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(k, v, "status", &s->colopts);
 	if (!strcmp(k, "status.submodulesummary")) {
 		int is_bool;
 		s->submodule_summary = git_config_bool_or_int(k, v, &is_bool);
@@ -1141,18 +1277,33 @@ static int git_status_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 			s->submodule_summary = -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.short")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(k, v))
+			status_deferred_config.status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT;
+		else
+			status_deferred_config.status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.branch")) {
+		status_deferred_config.show_branch = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "status.color") || !strcmp(k, "color.status")) {
 		s->use_color = git_config_colorbool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "status.color.") || !prefixcmp(k, "color.status.")) {
-		int slot = parse_status_slot(k, 13);
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.displaycommentprefix")) {
+		s->display_comment_prefix = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(k, "status.color.", &slot_name) ||
+	    skip_prefix(k, "color.status.", &slot_name)) {
+		int slot = parse_status_slot(slot_name);
 		if (slot < 0)
 			return 0;
 		if (!v)
 			return config_error_nonbool(k);
-		color_parse(v, k, s->color_palette[slot]);
-		return 0;
+		return color_parse(v, s->color_palette[slot]);
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "status.relativepaths")) {
 		s->relative_paths = git_config_bool(k, v);
@@ -1176,73 +1327,79 @@ static int git_status_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 
 int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct wt_status s;
+	static struct wt_status s;
 	int fd;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	static struct option builtin_status_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('s', "short", &status_format,
-			    "show status concisely", STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "branch", &status_show_branch,
-			    "show branch information"),
+			    N_("show status concisely"), STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', "branch", &s.show_branch,
+			 N_("show branch information")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
-			    "machine-readable output",
+			    N_("machine-readable output"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &null_termination,
-			    "terminate entries with NUL"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
+			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
+			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg,
-		  "mode",
-		  "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)",
+		  N_("mode"),
+		  N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
-			    "show ignored files"),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, "when",
-		  "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
+			 N_("show ignored files")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, N_("when"),
+		  N_("ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &s.colopts, N_("list untracked files in columns")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_status_usage, builtin_status_options);
 
-	wt_status_prepare(&s);
-	gitmodules_config();
-	git_config(git_status_config, &s);
-	determine_whence(&s);
+	status_init_config(&s, git_status_config);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_status_options,
 			     builtin_status_usage, 0);
-
-	if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+	finalize_colopts(&s.colopts, -1);
+	finalize_deferred_config(&s);
 
 	handle_untracked_files_arg(&s);
 	if (show_ignored_in_status)
 		s.show_ignored_files = 1;
-	if (*argv)
-		s.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+	parse_pathspec(&s.pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	read_cache_preload(s.pathspec);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	read_cache_preload(&s.pathspec);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, &s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
 	fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
-	if (0 <= fd)
-		update_index_if_able(&the_index, &index_lock);
 
 	s.is_initial = get_sha1(s.reference, sha1) ? 1 : 0;
 	s.ignore_submodule_arg = ignore_submodule_arg;
 	wt_status_collect(&s);
 
+	if (0 <= fd)
+		update_index_if_able(&the_index, &index_lock);
+
 	if (s.relative_paths)
 		s.prefix = prefix;
 
 	switch (status_format) {
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
-		wt_shortstatus_print(&s, null_termination, status_show_branch);
+		wt_shortstatus_print(&s);
 		break;
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
-		wt_porcelain_print(&s, null_termination);
+		wt_porcelain_print(&s);
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		s.verbose = verbose;
 		s.ignore_submodule_arg = ignore_submodule_arg;
@@ -1252,6 +1409,22 @@ int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static const char *implicit_ident_advice(void)
+{
+	char *user_config = expand_user_path("~/.gitconfig");
+	char *xdg_config = xdg_config_home("config");
+	int config_exists = file_exists(user_config) || file_exists(xdg_config);
+
+	free(user_config);
+	free(xdg_config);
+
+	if (config_exists)
+		return _(implicit_ident_advice_config);
+	else
+		return _(implicit_ident_advice_noconfig);
+
+}
+
 static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 			  int initial_commit)
 {
@@ -1267,7 +1440,7 @@ static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
 	if (!commit)
 		die(_("couldn't look up newly created commit"));
-	if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		die(_("could not parse newly created commit"));
 
 	strbuf_addstr(&format, "format:%h] %s");
@@ -1278,12 +1451,19 @@ static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Author: ");
 		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &author_ident);
 	}
-	if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
+	if (author_date_is_interesting()) {
+		struct strbuf date = STRBUF_INIT;
+		format_commit_message(commit, "%ad", &date, &pctx);
+		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Date: ");
+		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &date);
+		strbuf_release(&date);
+	}
+	if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Committer: ");
 		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &committer_ident);
 		if (advice_implicit_identity) {
 			strbuf_addch(&format, '\n');
-			strbuf_addstr(&format, _(implicit_ident_advice));
+			strbuf_addstr(&format, implicit_ident_advice());
 		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&author_ident);
@@ -1304,14 +1484,12 @@ static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
 	diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
 
-	head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", junk_sha1, 0, NULL);
-	printf("[%s%s ",
-		!prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/") ?
-			head + 11 :
-			!strcmp(head, "HEAD") ?
-				_("detached HEAD") :
-				head,
-		initial_commit ? _(" (root-commit)") : "");
+	head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, junk_sha1, NULL);
+	if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD"))
+		head = _("detached HEAD");
+	else
+		skip_prefix(head, "refs/heads/", &head);
+	printf("[%s%s ", head, initial_commit ? _(" (root-commit)") : "");
 
 	if (!log_tree_commit(&rev, commit)) {
 		rev.always_show_header = 1;
@@ -1325,6 +1503,7 @@ static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 static int git_commit_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 {
 	struct wt_status *s = cb;
+	int status;
 
 	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.template"))
 		return git_config_pathname(&template_file, k, v);
@@ -1332,30 +1511,41 @@ static int git_commit_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 		include_status = git_config_bool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.cleanup"))
+		return git_config_string(&cleanup_arg, k, v);
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.gpgsign")) {
+		sign_commit = git_config_bool(k, v) ? "" : NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.verbose")) {
+		int is_bool;
+		config_commit_verbose = git_config_bool_or_int(k, v, &is_bool);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
+	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
 	return git_status_config(k, v, s);
 }
 
-static const char post_rewrite_hook[] = "hooks/post-rewrite";
-
 static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 			    const unsigned char *newsha1)
 {
 	/* oldsha1 SP newsha1 LF NUL */
 	static char buf[2*40 + 3];
-	struct child_process proc;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[3];
 	int code;
 	size_t n;
 
-	if (access(git_path(post_rewrite_hook), X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("post-rewrite");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = git_path(post_rewrite_hook);
 	argv[1] = "amend";
 	argv[2] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 	proc.argv = argv;
 	proc.in = -1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
@@ -1365,42 +1555,126 @@ static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 		return code;
 	n = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s\n",
 		     sha1_to_hex(oldsha1), sha1_to_hex(newsha1));
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 	write_in_full(proc.in, buf, n);
 	close(proc.in);
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 	return finish_command(&proc);
 }
 
+int run_commit_hook(int editor_is_used, const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
+{
+	const char *hook_env[3] =  { NULL };
+	char index[PATH_MAX];
+	va_list args;
+	int ret;
+
+	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+	hook_env[0] = index;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let the hook know that no editor will be launched.
+	 */
+	if (!editor_is_used)
+		hook_env[1] = "GIT_EDITOR=:";
+
+	va_start(args, name);
+	ret = run_hook_ve(hook_env, name, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	static struct wt_status s;
+	static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress summary after successful commit")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("show diff in commit message template")),
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit message options")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, N_("read message from file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, N_("author"), N_("override author for commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, N_("date"), N_("override date for commit")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, N_("message"), N_("commit message"), opt_parse_m),
+		OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse and edit message from specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse message from specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, N_("the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, N_("use specified template file")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, N_("force edit of commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("default"), N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "status", &include_status, N_("include status in commit message template")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key-id"),
+		  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+		/* end commit message options */
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit contents options")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all, N_("commit all changed files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "include", &also, N_("add specified files to index for commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactively add files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("interactively add changes")),
+		OPT_BOOL('o', "only", &only, N_("commit only specified files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, N_("bypass pre-commit hook")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("show what would be committed")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, N_("show status concisely"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, N_("show branch information")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
+			    N_("machine-readable output"), STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
+			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
+			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "amend", &amend, N_("amend previous commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, N_("bypass post-rewrite hook")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, N_("mode"), N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
+		/* end commit contents options */
+
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
+				N_("ok to record an empty change")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message,
+				N_("ok to record a change with an empty message")),
+
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf author_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *index_file, *reflog_msg;
-	char *nl, *p;
+	char *nl;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
 	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, **pptr = &parents;
 	struct stat statbuf;
-	int allow_fast_forward = 1;
-	struct wt_status s;
 	struct commit *current_head = NULL;
 	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_commit_usage, builtin_commit_options);
 
-	wt_status_prepare(&s);
-	git_config(git_commit_config, &s);
-	determine_whence(&s);
+	status_init_config(&s, git_commit_config);
+	status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE; /* Ignore status.short */
+	s.colopts = 0;
 
 	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
 		current_head = NULL;
 	else {
 		current_head = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "HEAD");
-		if (!current_head || parse_commit(current_head))
+		if (parse_commit(current_head))
 			die(_("could not parse HEAD commit"));
 	}
-	argc = parse_and_validate_options(argc, argv, builtin_commit_usage,
+	verbose = -1; /* unspecified */
+	argc = parse_and_validate_options(argc, argv, builtin_commit_options,
+					  builtin_commit_usage,
 					  prefix, current_head, &s);
+	if (verbose == -1)
+		verbose = (config_commit_verbose < 0) ? 0 : config_commit_verbose;
+
 	if (dry_run)
 		return dry_run_commit(argc, argv, prefix, current_head, &s);
 	index_file = prepare_index(argc, argv, prefix, current_head, 0);
@@ -1428,15 +1702,16 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	} else if (whence == FROM_MERGE) {
 		struct strbuf m = STRBUF_INIT;
 		FILE *fp;
+		int allow_fast_forward = 1;
 
 		if (!reflog_msg)
 			reflog_msg = "commit (merge)";
 		pptr = &commit_list_insert(current_head, pptr)->next;
-		fp = fopen(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), "r");
+		fp = fopen(git_path_merge_head(), "r");
 		if (fp == NULL)
 			die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"),
-				  git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
-		while (strbuf_getline(&m, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
+				  git_path_merge_head());
+		while (strbuf_getline_lf(&m, fp) != EOF) {
 			struct commit *parent;
 
 			parent = get_merge_parent(m.buf);
@@ -1446,8 +1721,8 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 		fclose(fp);
 		strbuf_release(&m);
-		if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_MODE"), &statbuf)) {
-			if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("MERGE_MODE"), 0) < 0)
+		if (!stat(git_path_merge_mode(), &statbuf)) {
+			if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path_merge_mode(), 0) < 0)
 				die_errno(_("could not read MERGE_MODE"));
 			if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "no-ff"))
 				allow_fast_forward = 0;
@@ -1464,21 +1739,23 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	/* Finally, get the commit message */
 	strbuf_reset(&sb);
-	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path(commit_editmsg), 0) < 0) {
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path_commit_editmsg(), 0) < 0) {
 		int saved_errno = errno;
 		rollback_index_files();
 		die(_("could not read commit message: %s"), strerror(saved_errno));
 	}
 
-	/* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
-	if (verbose) {
-		p = strstr(sb.buf, "\ndiff --git ");
-		if (p != NULL)
-			strbuf_setlen(&sb, p - sb.buf + 1);
-	}
+	if (verbose || /* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
+	    cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS)
+		wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(&sb);
 
 	if (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
-		stripspace(&sb, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
+		strbuf_stripspace(&sb, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
+	if (template_untouched(&sb) && !allow_empty_message) {
+		rollback_index_files();
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
 	if (message_is_empty(&sb) && !allow_empty_message) {
 		rollback_index_files();
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"));
@@ -1486,26 +1763,21 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (amend) {
-		extra = read_commit_extra_headers(current_head);
+		const char *exclude_gpgsig[2] = { "gpgsig", NULL };
+		extra = read_commit_extra_headers(current_head, exclude_gpgsig);
 	} else {
 		struct commit_extra_header **tail = &extra;
 		append_merge_tag_headers(parents, &tail);
 	}
 
-	if (commit_tree_extended(&sb, active_cache_tree->sha1, parents, sha1,
-				 author_ident.buf, extra)) {
+	if (commit_tree_extended(sb.buf, sb.len, active_cache_tree->sha1,
+			 parents, sha1, author_ident.buf, sign_commit, extra)) {
 		rollback_index_files();
 		die(_("failed to write commit object"));
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&author_ident);
 	free_commit_extra_headers(extra);
 
-	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD",
-					   !current_head
-					   ? NULL
-					   : current_head->object.sha1,
-					   0);
-
 	nl = strchr(sb.buf, '\n');
 	if (nl)
 		strbuf_setlen(&sb, nl + 1 - sb.buf);
@@ -1514,41 +1786,45 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	strbuf_insert(&sb, 0, reflog_msg, strlen(reflog_msg));
 	strbuf_insert(&sb, strlen(reflog_msg), ": ", 2);
 
-	if (!ref_lock) {
-		rollback_index_files();
-		die(_("cannot lock HEAD ref"));
-	}
-	if (write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, sha1, sb.buf) < 0) {
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, "HEAD", sha1,
+				   current_head
+				   ? current_head->object.oid.hash : null_sha1,
+				   0, sb.buf, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
 		rollback_index_files();
-		die(_("cannot update HEAD ref"));
+		die("%s", err.buf);
 	}
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
 
-	unlink(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
-	unlink(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
-	unlink(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"));
+	unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head());
+	unlink(git_path_revert_head());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_head());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_msg());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_mode());
+	unlink(git_path_squash_msg());
 
 	if (commit_index_files())
 		die (_("Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
-		     "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+		     "new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
 		     "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."));
 
 	rerere(0);
-	run_hook(get_index_file(), "post-commit", NULL);
+	run_commit_hook(use_editor, get_index_file(), "post-commit", NULL);
 	if (amend && !no_post_rewrite) {
 		struct notes_rewrite_cfg *cfg;
 		cfg = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite("amend");
 		if (cfg) {
 			/* we are amending, so current_head is not NULL */
-			copy_note_for_rewrite(cfg, current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
-			finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg);
+			copy_note_for_rewrite(cfg, current_head->object.oid.hash, sha1);
+			finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg, "Notes added by 'git commit --amend'");
 		}
-		run_rewrite_hook(current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
+		run_rewrite_hook(current_head->object.oid.hash, sha1);
 	}
 	if (!quiet)
 		print_summary(prefix, sha1, !current_head);
 
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index 0315ad76f8..1d7c6ef558 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+#include "quote.h"
 
 static const char *const builtin_config_usage[] = {
-	"git config [options]",
+	N_("git config [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -12,19 +14,21 @@ static char *key;
 static regex_t *key_regexp;
 static regex_t *regexp;
 static int show_keys;
+static int omit_values;
 static int use_key_regexp;
 static int do_all;
 static int do_not_match;
-static int seen;
 static char delim = '=';
 static char key_delim = ' ';
 static char term = '\n';
 
 static int use_global_config, use_system_config, use_local_config;
-static const char *given_config_file;
+static struct git_config_source given_config_source;
 static int actions, types;
 static const char *get_color_slot, *get_colorbool_slot;
 static int end_null;
+static int respect_includes = -1;
+static int show_origin;
 
 #define ACTION_GET (1<<0)
 #define ACTION_GET_ALL (1<<1)
@@ -41,6 +45,7 @@ static int end_null;
 #define ACTION_SET_ALL (1<<12)
 #define ACTION_GET_COLOR (1<<13)
 #define ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL (1<<14)
+#define ACTION_GET_URLMATCH (1<<15)
 
 #define TYPE_BOOL (1<<0)
 #define TYPE_INT (1<<1)
@@ -48,32 +53,37 @@ static int end_null;
 #define TYPE_PATH (1<<3)
 
 static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
-	OPT_GROUP("Config file location"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "global", &use_global_config, "use global config file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "system", &use_system_config, "use system config file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "local", &use_local_config, "use repository config file"),
-	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_file, "file", "use given config file"),
-	OPT_GROUP("Action"),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, "get value: name [value-regex]", ACTION_GET),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, "get all values: key [value-regex]", ACTION_GET_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]", ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]", ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, "adds a new variable: name value", ACTION_ADD),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, "removes a variable: name [value-regex]", ACTION_UNSET),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "unset-all", &actions, "removes all matches: name [value-regex]", ACTION_UNSET_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "rename-section", &actions, "rename section: old-name new-name", ACTION_RENAME_SECTION),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "remove-section", &actions, "remove a section: name", ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION),
-	OPT_BIT('l', "list", &actions, "list all", ACTION_LIST),
-	OPT_BIT('e', "edit", &actions, "opens an editor", ACTION_EDIT),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "get-color", &get_color_slot, "slot", "find the color configured: [default]"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "get-colorbool", &get_colorbool_slot, "slot", "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"),
-	OPT_GROUP("Type"),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "bool", &types, "value is \"true\" or \"false\"", TYPE_BOOL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "int", &types, "value is decimal number", TYPE_INT),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, "value is --bool or --int", TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, "value is a path (file or directory name)", TYPE_PATH),
-	OPT_GROUP("Other"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &end_null, "terminate values with NUL byte"),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Config file location")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "global", &use_global_config, N_("use global config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "system", &use_system_config, N_("use system config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &use_local_config, N_("use repository config file")),
+	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_source.file, N_("file"), N_("use given config file")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "blob", &given_config_source.blob, N_("blob-id"), N_("read config from given blob object")),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Action")),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, N_("get value: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, N_("get all values: key [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, N_("get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-urlmatch", &actions, N_("get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"), ACTION_GET_URLMATCH),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, N_("replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"), ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, N_("add a new variable: name value"), ACTION_ADD),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, N_("remove a variable: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_UNSET),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "unset-all", &actions, N_("remove all matches: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_UNSET_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "rename-section", &actions, N_("rename section: old-name new-name"), ACTION_RENAME_SECTION),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "remove-section", &actions, N_("remove a section: name"), ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION),
+	OPT_BIT('l', "list", &actions, N_("list all"), ACTION_LIST),
+	OPT_BIT('e', "edit", &actions, N_("open an editor"), ACTION_EDIT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-color", &actions, N_("find the color configured: slot [default]"), ACTION_GET_COLOR),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-colorbool", &actions, N_("find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"), ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Type")),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "bool", &types, N_("value is \"true\" or \"false\""), TYPE_BOOL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "int", &types, N_("value is decimal number"), TYPE_INT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, N_("value is --bool or --int"), TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, N_("value is a path (file or directory name)"), TYPE_PATH),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Other")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &end_null, N_("terminate values with NUL byte")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &omit_values, N_("show variable names only")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "includes", &respect_includes, N_("respect include directives on lookup")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "show-origin", &show_origin, N_("show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -84,22 +94,85 @@ static void check_argc(int argc, int min, int max) {
 	usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 }
 
+static void show_config_origin(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char term = end_null ? '\0' : '\t';
+
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, current_config_origin_type());
+	strbuf_addch(buf, ':');
+	if (end_null)
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, current_config_name());
+	else
+		quote_c_style(current_config_name(), buf, NULL, 0);
+	strbuf_addch(buf, term);
+}
+
 static int show_all_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 {
-	if (value_)
+	if (show_origin) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		show_config_origin(&buf);
+		/* Use fwrite as "buf" can contain \0's if "end_null" is set. */
+		fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+	if (!omit_values && value_)
 		printf("%s%c%s%c", key_, delim, value_, term);
 	else
 		printf("%s%c", key_, term);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int show_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+struct strbuf_list {
+	struct strbuf *items;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+static int format_config(struct strbuf *buf, const char *key_, const char *value_)
+{
+	if (show_origin)
+		show_config_origin(buf);
+	if (show_keys)
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, key_);
+	if (!omit_values) {
+		if (show_keys)
+			strbuf_addch(buf, key_delim);
+
+		if (types == TYPE_INT)
+			strbuf_addf(buf, "%"PRId64,
+				    git_config_int64(key_, value_ ? value_ : ""));
+		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, git_config_bool(key_, value_) ?
+				      "true" : "false");
+		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
+			int is_bool, v;
+			v = git_config_bool_or_int(key_, value_, &is_bool);
+			if (is_bool)
+				strbuf_addstr(buf, v ? "true" : "false");
+			else
+				strbuf_addf(buf, "%d", v);
+		} else if (types == TYPE_PATH) {
+			const char *v;
+			if (git_config_pathname(&v, key_, value_) < 0)
+				return -1;
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, v);
+			free((char *)v);
+		} else if (value_) {
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, value_);
+		} else {
+			/* Just show the key name; back out delimiter */
+			if (show_keys)
+				strbuf_setlen(buf, buf->len - 1);
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_addch(buf, term);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int collect_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 {
-	char value[256];
-	const char *vptr = value;
-	int must_free_vptr = 0;
-	int dup_error = 0;
-	int must_print_delim = 0;
+	struct strbuf_list *values = cb;
 
 	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
 		return 0;
@@ -109,68 +182,17 @@ static int show_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (show_keys) {
-		printf("%s", key_);
-		must_print_delim = 1;
-	}
-	if (seen && !do_all)
-		dup_error = 1;
-	if (types == TYPE_INT)
-		sprintf(value, "%d", git_config_int(key_, value_?value_:""));
-	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
-		vptr = git_config_bool(key_, value_) ? "true" : "false";
-	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
-		int is_bool, v;
-		v = git_config_bool_or_int(key_, value_, &is_bool);
-		if (is_bool)
-			vptr = v ? "true" : "false";
-		else
-			sprintf(value, "%d", v);
-	} else if (types == TYPE_PATH) {
-		git_config_pathname(&vptr, key_, value_);
-		must_free_vptr = 1;
-	} else if (value_) {
-		vptr = value_;
-	} else {
-		/* Just show the key name */
-		vptr = "";
-		must_print_delim = 0;
-	}
-	seen++;
-	if (dup_error) {
-		error("More than one value for the key %s: %s",
-				key_, vptr);
-	}
-	else {
-		if (must_print_delim)
-			printf("%c", key_delim);
-		printf("%s%c", vptr, term);
-	}
-	if (must_free_vptr)
-		/* If vptr must be freed, it's a pointer to a
-		 * dynamically allocated buffer, it's safe to cast to
-		 * const.
-		*/
-		free((char *)vptr);
+	ALLOC_GROW(values->items, values->nr + 1, values->alloc);
+	strbuf_init(&values->items[values->nr], 0);
 
-	return 0;
+	return format_config(&values->items[values->nr++], key_, value_);
 }
 
 static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 {
-	int ret = -1;
-	char *global = NULL, *repo_config = NULL;
-	const char *system_wide = NULL, *local;
-
-	local = config_exclusive_filename;
-	if (!local) {
-		const char *home = getenv("HOME");
-		local = repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
-		if (home)
-			global = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
-		if (git_config_system())
-			system_wide = git_etc_gitconfig();
-	}
+	int ret = CONFIG_GENERIC_ERROR;
+	struct strbuf_list values = {NULL};
+	int i;
 
 	if (use_key_regexp) {
 		char *tl;
@@ -191,13 +213,17 @@ static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 
 		key_regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
 		if (regcomp(key_regexp, key, REG_EXTENDED)) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid key pattern: %s\n", key_);
-			free(key);
+			error("invalid key pattern: %s", key_);
+			free(key_regexp);
+			key_regexp = NULL;
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN;
 			goto free_strings;
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (git_config_parse_key(key_, &key, NULL))
+		if (git_config_parse_key(key_, &key, NULL)) {
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_KEY;
 			goto free_strings;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (regex_) {
@@ -208,46 +234,43 @@ static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 
 		regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
 		if (regcomp(regexp, regex_, REG_EXTENDED)) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid pattern: %s\n", regex_);
+			error("invalid pattern: %s", regex_);
+			free(regexp);
+			regexp = NULL;
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN;
 			goto free_strings;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (do_all && system_wide)
-		git_config_from_file(show_config, system_wide, NULL);
-	if (do_all && global)
-		git_config_from_file(show_config, global, NULL);
-	if (do_all)
-		git_config_from_file(show_config, local, NULL);
-	git_config_from_parameters(show_config, NULL);
-	if (!do_all && !seen)
-		git_config_from_file(show_config, local, NULL);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && global)
-		git_config_from_file(show_config, global, NULL);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && system_wide)
-		git_config_from_file(show_config, system_wide, NULL);
+	git_config_with_options(collect_config, &values,
+				&given_config_source, respect_includes);
+
+	ret = !values.nr;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < values.nr; i++) {
+		struct strbuf *buf = values.items + i;
+		if (do_all || i == values.nr - 1)
+			fwrite(buf->buf, 1, buf->len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(buf);
+	}
+	free(values.items);
 
+free_strings:
 	free(key);
+	if (key_regexp) {
+		regfree(key_regexp);
+		free(key_regexp);
+	}
 	if (regexp) {
 		regfree(regexp);
 		free(regexp);
 	}
 
-	if (do_all)
-		ret = !seen;
-	else
-		ret = (seen == 1) ? 0 : seen > 1 ? 2 : 1;
-
-free_strings:
-	free(repo_config);
-	free(global);
 	return ret;
 }
 
 static char *normalize_value(const char *key, const char *value)
 {
-	char *normalized;
-
 	if (!value)
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -258,27 +281,21 @@ static char *normalize_value(const char *key, const char *value)
 		 * "~/foobar/" in the config file, and to expand the ~
 		 * when retrieving the value.
 		 */
-		normalized = xstrdup(value);
-	else {
-		normalized = xmalloc(64);
-		if (types == TYPE_INT) {
-			int v = git_config_int(key, value);
-			sprintf(normalized, "%d", v);
-		}
-		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
-			sprintf(normalized, "%s",
-				git_config_bool(key, value) ? "true" : "false");
-		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
-			int is_bool, v;
-			v = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &is_bool);
-			if (!is_bool)
-				sprintf(normalized, "%d", v);
-			else
-				sprintf(normalized, "%s", v ? "true" : "false");
-		}
+		return xstrdup(value);
+	if (types == TYPE_INT)
+		return xstrfmt("%"PRId64, git_config_int64(key, value));
+	if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
+		return xstrdup(git_config_bool(key, value) ?  "true" : "false");
+	if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
+		int is_bool, v;
+		v = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &is_bool);
+		if (!is_bool)
+			return xstrfmt("%d", v);
+		else
+			return xstrdup(v ? "true" : "false");
 	}
 
-	return normalized;
+	die("BUG: cannot normalize type %d", types);
 }
 
 static int get_color_found;
@@ -291,20 +308,25 @@ static int git_get_color_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp(var, get_color_slot)) {
 		if (!value)
 			config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, parsed_color);
+		if (color_parse(value, parsed_color) < 0)
+			return -1;
 		get_color_found = 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void get_color(const char *def_color)
+static void get_color(const char *var, const char *def_color)
 {
+	get_color_slot = var;
 	get_color_found = 0;
 	parsed_color[0] = '\0';
-	git_config(git_get_color_config, NULL);
+	git_config_with_options(git_get_color_config, NULL,
+				&given_config_source, respect_includes);
 
-	if (!get_color_found && def_color)
-		color_parse(def_color, "command line", parsed_color);
+	if (!get_color_found && def_color) {
+		if (color_parse(def_color, parsed_color) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to parse default color value"));
+	}
 
 	fputs(parsed_color, stdout);
 }
@@ -324,11 +346,14 @@ static int git_get_colorbool_config(const char *var, const char *value,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_colorbool(int print)
+static int get_colorbool(const char *var, int print)
 {
+	get_colorbool_slot = var;
 	get_colorbool_found = -1;
 	get_diff_color_found = -1;
-	git_config(git_get_colorbool_config, NULL);
+	get_color_ui_found = -1;
+	git_config_with_options(git_get_colorbool_config, NULL,
+				&given_config_source, respect_includes);
 
 	if (get_colorbool_found < 0) {
 		if (!strcmp(get_colorbool_slot, "color.diff"))
@@ -337,6 +362,10 @@ static int get_colorbool(int print)
 			get_colorbool_found = get_color_ui_found;
 	}
 
+	if (get_colorbool_found < 0)
+		/* default value if none found in config */
+		get_colorbool_found = GIT_COLOR_AUTO;
+
 	get_colorbool_found = want_color(get_colorbool_found);
 
 	if (print) {
@@ -346,44 +375,167 @@ static int get_colorbool(int print)
 		return get_colorbool_found ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
+static void check_write(void)
+{
+	if (!given_config_source.file && !startup_info->have_repository)
+		die("not in a git directory");
+
+	if (given_config_source.use_stdin)
+		die("writing to stdin is not supported");
+
+	if (given_config_source.blob)
+		die("writing config blobs is not supported");
+}
+
+struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value {
+	char value_is_null;
+	struct strbuf value;
+};
+
+static int urlmatch_collect_fn(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct string_list *values = cb;
+	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(values, var);
+	struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value *matched = item->util;
+
+	if (!matched) {
+		matched = xmalloc(sizeof(*matched));
+		strbuf_init(&matched->value, 0);
+		item->util = matched;
+	} else {
+		strbuf_reset(&matched->value);
+	}
+
+	if (value) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&matched->value, value);
+		matched->value_is_null = 0;
+	} else {
+		matched->value_is_null = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_urlmatch(const char *var, const char *url)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char *section_tail;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct urlmatch_config config = { STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP };
+	struct string_list values = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	config.collect_fn = urlmatch_collect_fn;
+	config.cascade_fn = NULL;
+	config.cb = &values;
+
+	if (!url_normalize(url, &config.url))
+		die("%s", config.url.err);
+
+	config.section = xstrdup_tolower(var);
+	section_tail = strchr(config.section, '.');
+	if (section_tail) {
+		*section_tail = '\0';
+		config.key = section_tail + 1;
+		show_keys = 0;
+	} else {
+		config.key = NULL;
+		show_keys = 1;
+	}
+
+	git_config_with_options(urlmatch_config_entry, &config,
+				&given_config_source, respect_includes);
+
+	ret = !values.nr;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &values) {
+		struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value *matched = item->util;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		format_config(&buf, item->string,
+			      matched->value_is_null ? NULL : matched->value.buf);
+		fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+		strbuf_release(&matched->value);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&config.vars, 1);
+	string_list_clear(&values, 1);
+	free(config.url.url);
+
+	free((void *)config.section);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static char *default_user_config(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf,
+		    _("# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+		      "[user]\n"
+		      "# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+		      "#	name = %s\n"
+		      "#	email = %s\n"),
+		    ident_default_name(),
+		    ident_default_email());
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
 int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
 	char *value;
 
-	config_exclusive_filename = getenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
+	given_config_source.file = getenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_config_options,
 			     builtin_config_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
 
-	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config + !!given_config_file > 1) {
+	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config +
+	    !!given_config_source.file + !!given_config_source.blob > 1) {
 		error("only one config file at a time.");
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
 
+	if (given_config_source.file &&
+			!strcmp(given_config_source.file, "-")) {
+		given_config_source.file = NULL;
+		given_config_source.use_stdin = 1;
+	}
+
 	if (use_global_config) {
-		char *home = getenv("HOME");
-		if (home) {
-			char *user_config = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
-			config_exclusive_filename = user_config;
-		} else {
+		char *user_config = expand_user_path("~/.gitconfig");
+		char *xdg_config = xdg_config_home("config");
+
+		if (!user_config)
+			/*
+			 * It is unknown if HOME/.gitconfig exists, so
+			 * we do not know if we should write to XDG
+			 * location; error out even if XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+			 * is set and points at a sane location.
+			 */
 			die("$HOME not set");
-		}
+
+		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK, 0) &&
+		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK, 0))
+			given_config_source.file = xdg_config;
+		else
+			given_config_source.file = user_config;
 	}
 	else if (use_system_config)
-		config_exclusive_filename = git_etc_gitconfig();
+		given_config_source.file = git_etc_gitconfig();
 	else if (use_local_config)
-		config_exclusive_filename = git_pathdup("config");
-	else if (given_config_file) {
-		if (!is_absolute_path(given_config_file) && prefix)
-			config_exclusive_filename = prefix_filename(prefix,
-								    strlen(prefix),
-								    given_config_file);
-		else
-			config_exclusive_filename = given_config_file;
+		given_config_source.file = git_pathdup("config");
+	else if (given_config_source.file) {
+		if (!is_absolute_path(given_config_source.file) && prefix)
+			given_config_source.file =
+				xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix,
+							strlen(prefix),
+							given_config_source.file));
 	}
 
+	if (respect_includes == -1)
+		respect_includes = !given_config_source.file;
+
 	if (end_null) {
 		term = '\0';
 		delim = '\n';
@@ -395,12 +547,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
 
-	if (get_color_slot)
-	    actions |= ACTION_GET_COLOR;
-	if (get_colorbool_slot)
-	    actions |= ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL;
-
-	if ((get_color_slot || get_colorbool_slot) && types) {
+	if ((actions & (ACTION_GET_COLOR|ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL)) && types) {
 		error("--get-color and variable type are incoherent");
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
@@ -417,50 +564,90 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		default:
 			usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 		}
+	if (omit_values &&
+	    !(actions == ACTION_LIST || actions == ACTION_GET_REGEXP)) {
+		error("--name-only is only applicable to --list or --get-regexp");
+		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
+	}
+
+	if (show_origin && !(actions &
+		(ACTION_GET|ACTION_GET_ALL|ACTION_GET_REGEXP|ACTION_LIST))) {
+		error("--show-origin is only applicable to --get, --get-all, "
+			  "--get-regexp, and --list.");
+		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
+	}
 
 	if (actions == ACTION_LIST) {
 		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
-		if (git_config(show_all_config, NULL) < 0) {
-			if (config_exclusive_filename)
+		if (git_config_with_options(show_all_config, NULL,
+					    &given_config_source,
+					    respect_includes) < 0) {
+			if (given_config_source.file)
 				die_errno("unable to read config file '%s'",
-					  config_exclusive_filename);
+					  given_config_source.file);
 			else
 				die("error processing config file(s)");
 		}
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_EDIT) {
+		char *config_file;
+
 		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
-		if (!config_exclusive_filename && nongit)
+		if (!given_config_source.file && nongit)
 			die("not in a git directory");
+		if (given_config_source.use_stdin)
+			die("editing stdin is not supported");
+		if (given_config_source.blob)
+			die("editing blobs is not supported");
 		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
-		launch_editor(config_exclusive_filename ?
-			      config_exclusive_filename : git_path("config"),
-			      NULL, NULL);
+		config_file = xstrdup(given_config_source.file ?
+				      given_config_source.file : git_path("config"));
+		if (use_global_config) {
+			int fd = open(config_file, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
+			if (fd) {
+				char *content = default_user_config();
+				write_str_in_full(fd, content);
+				free(content);
+				close(fd);
+			}
+			else if (errno != EEXIST)
+				die_errno(_("cannot create configuration file %s"), config_file);
+		}
+		launch_editor(config_file, NULL, NULL);
+		free(config_file);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_SET) {
 		int ret;
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
-		ret = git_config_set(argv[0], value);
+		ret = git_config_set_in_file_gently(given_config_source.file, argv[0], value);
 		if (ret == CONFIG_NOTHING_SET)
 			error("cannot overwrite multiple values with a single value\n"
-			"       Use a regexp, --add or --set-all to change %s.", argv[0]);
+			"       Use a regexp, --add or --replace-all to change %s.", argv[0]);
 		return ret;
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_SET_ALL) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
-		return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], value, argv[2], 0);
+		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(given_config_source.file,
+							      argv[0], value, argv[2], 0);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_ADD) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
-		return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], value, "^$", 0);
+		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(given_config_source.file,
+							      argv[0], value,
+							      CONFIG_REGEX_NONE, 0);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_REPLACE_ALL) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
-		return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], value, argv[2], 1);
+		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(given_config_source.file,
+							      argv[0], value, argv[2], 1);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_GET) {
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
@@ -478,21 +665,32 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		return get_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_URLMATCH) {
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
+		return get_urlmatch(argv[0], argv[1]);
+	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		if (argc == 2)
-			return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 0);
+			return git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(given_config_source.file,
+								      argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 0);
 		else
-			return git_config_set(argv[0], NULL);
+			return git_config_set_in_file_gently(given_config_source.file,
+							     argv[0], NULL);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET_ALL) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
-		return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 1);
+		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(given_config_source.file,
+							      argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 1);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_RENAME_SECTION) {
 		int ret;
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
-		ret = git_config_rename_section(argv[0], argv[1]);
+		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_source.file,
+							argv[0], argv[1]);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			return ret;
 		if (ret == 0)
@@ -500,27 +698,25 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION) {
 		int ret;
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 1);
-		ret = git_config_rename_section(argv[0], NULL);
+		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_source.file,
+							argv[0], NULL);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			return ret;
 		if (ret == 0)
 			die("No such section!");
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_COLOR) {
-		get_color(argv[0]);
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		get_color(argv[0], argv[1]);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL) {
-		if (argc == 1)
-			color_stdout_is_tty = git_config_bool("command line", argv[0]);
-		return get_colorbool(argc != 0);
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		if (argc == 2)
+			color_stdout_is_tty = git_config_bool("command line", argv[1]);
+		return get_colorbool(argv[0], argc == 2);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
-
-int cmd_repo_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: git repo-config is deprecated in favor of git config.\n");
-	return cmd_config(argc, argv, prefix);
-}
diff --git a/builtin/count-objects.c b/builtin/count-objects.c
index c37cb98c31..ba9291944f 100644
--- a/builtin/count-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/count-objects.c
@@ -9,77 +9,82 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
-static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
-			  unsigned long *loose,
-			  off_t *loose_size,
-			  unsigned long *packed_loose,
-			  unsigned long *garbage)
+static unsigned long garbage;
+static off_t size_garbage;
+static int verbose;
+static unsigned long loose, packed, packed_loose;
+static off_t loose_size;
+
+static const char *bits_to_msg(unsigned seen_bits)
 {
-	struct dirent *ent;
-	while ((ent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
-		char hex[41];
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		const char *cp;
-		int bad = 0;
-
-		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(ent->d_name))
-			continue;
-		for (cp = ent->d_name; *cp; cp++) {
-			int ch = *cp;
-			if (('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') ||
-			    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'f'))
-				continue;
-			bad = 1;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (cp - ent->d_name != 38)
-			bad = 1;
-		else {
-			struct stat st;
-			memcpy(path + len + 3, ent->d_name, 38);
-			path[len + 2] = '/';
-			path[len + 41] = 0;
-			if (lstat(path, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-				bad = 1;
-			else
-				(*loose_size) += xsize_t(on_disk_bytes(st));
-		}
-		if (bad) {
-			if (verbose) {
-				error("garbage found: %.*s/%s",
-				      len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
-				(*garbage)++;
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		(*loose)++;
-		if (!verbose)
-			continue;
-		memcpy(hex, path+len, 2);
-		memcpy(hex+2, ent->d_name, 38);
-		hex[40] = 0;
-		if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
-			die("internal error");
-		if (has_sha1_pack(sha1))
-			(*packed_loose)++;
+	switch (seen_bits) {
+	case 0:
+		return "no corresponding .idx or .pack";
+	case PACKDIR_FILE_GARBAGE:
+		return "garbage found";
+	case PACKDIR_FILE_PACK:
+		return "no corresponding .idx";
+	case PACKDIR_FILE_IDX:
+		return "no corresponding .pack";
+	case PACKDIR_FILE_PACK|PACKDIR_FILE_IDX:
+	default:
+		return NULL;
 	}
 }
 
+static void real_report_garbage(unsigned seen_bits, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	const char *desc = bits_to_msg(seen_bits);
+
+	if (!desc)
+		return;
+
+	if (!stat(path, &st))
+		size_garbage += st.st_size;
+	warning("%s: %s", desc, path);
+	garbage++;
+}
+
+static void loose_garbage(const char *path)
+{
+	if (verbose)
+		report_garbage(PACKDIR_FILE_GARBAGE, path);
+}
+
+static int count_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, void *data)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (lstat(path, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		loose_garbage(path);
+	else {
+		loose_size += on_disk_bytes(st);
+		loose++;
+		if (verbose && has_sha1_pack(sha1))
+			packed_loose++;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int count_cruft(const char *basename, const char *path, void *data)
+{
+	loose_garbage(path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static char const * const count_objects_usage[] = {
-	"git count-objects [-v]",
+	N_("git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, verbose = 0;
-	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
-	int len = strlen(objdir);
-	char *path = xmalloc(len + 50);
-	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0, garbage = 0;
-	off_t loose_size = 0;
+	int human_readable = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_BOOL('H', "human-readable", &human_readable,
+			 N_("print sizes in human readable format")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -87,23 +92,21 @@ int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	/* we do not take arguments other than flags for now */
 	if (argc)
 		usage_with_options(count_objects_usage, opts);
-	memcpy(path, objdir, len);
-	if (len && objdir[len-1] != '/')
-		path[len++] = '/';
-	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-		DIR *d;
-		sprintf(path + len, "%02x", i);
-		d = opendir(path);
-		if (!d)
-			continue;
-		count_objects(d, path, len, verbose,
-			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose, &garbage);
-		closedir(d);
+	if (verbose) {
+		report_garbage = real_report_garbage;
+		report_linked_checkout_garbage();
 	}
+
+	for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(),
+				      count_loose, count_cruft, NULL, NULL);
+
 	if (verbose) {
 		struct packed_git *p;
 		unsigned long num_pack = 0;
 		off_t size_pack = 0;
+		struct strbuf loose_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf pack_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf garbage_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		if (!packed_git)
 			prepare_packed_git();
 		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
@@ -115,16 +118,40 @@ int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			size_pack += p->pack_size + p->index_size;
 			num_pack++;
 		}
+
+		if (human_readable) {
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&loose_buf, loose_size);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&pack_buf, size_pack);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&garbage_buf, size_garbage);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_addf(&loose_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&pack_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_pack / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&garbage_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_garbage / 1024));
+		}
+
 		printf("count: %lu\n", loose);
-		printf("size: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("size: %s\n", loose_buf.buf);
 		printf("in-pack: %lu\n", packed);
 		printf("packs: %lu\n", num_pack);
-		printf("size-pack: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (size_pack / 1024));
+		printf("size-pack: %s\n", pack_buf.buf);
 		printf("prune-packable: %lu\n", packed_loose);
 		printf("garbage: %lu\n", garbage);
+		printf("size-garbage: %s\n", garbage_buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&loose_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&pack_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&garbage_buf);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (human_readable)
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&buf, loose_size);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%lu kilobytes",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("%lu objects, %s\n", loose, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
-	else
-		printf("%lu objects, %lu kilobytes\n",
-		       loose, (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/credential.c b/builtin/credential.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0412fa00f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/credential.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "credential.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static const char usage_msg[] =
+	"git credential [fill|approve|reject]";
+
+int cmd_credential(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *op;
+	struct credential c = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+
+	op = argv[1];
+	if (!op)
+		usage(usage_msg);
+
+	if (credential_read(&c, stdin) < 0)
+		die("unable to read credential from stdin");
+
+	if (!strcmp(op, "fill")) {
+		credential_fill(&c);
+		credential_write(&c, stdout);
+	} else if (!strcmp(op, "approve")) {
+		credential_approve(&c);
+	} else if (!strcmp(op, "reject")) {
+		credential_reject(&c);
+	} else {
+		usage(usage_msg);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index 9f63067f50..8a25abe0a0 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -6,14 +7,15 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "diff.h"
-#include "hash.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
-#define SEEN		(1u<<0)
+#define SEEN		(1u << 0)
 #define MAX_TAGS	(FLAG_BITS - 1)
 
 static const char * const describe_usage[] = {
-	"git describe [options] <committish>*",
-	"git describe [options] --dirty",
+	N_("git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"),
+	N_("git describe [<options>] --dirty"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -21,9 +23,10 @@ static int debug;	/* Display lots of verbose info */
 static int all;	/* Any valid ref can be used */
 static int tags;	/* Allow lightweight tags */
 static int longformat;
+static int first_parent;
 static int abbrev = -1; /* unspecified */
 static int max_candidates = 10;
-static struct hash_table names;
+static struct hashmap names;
 static int have_util;
 static const char *pattern;
 static int always;
@@ -34,44 +37,29 @@ static const char *diff_index_args[] = {
 	"diff-index", "--quiet", "HEAD", "--", NULL
 };
 
-
 struct commit_name {
-	struct commit_name *next;
+	struct hashmap_entry entry;
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 	struct tag *tag;
 	unsigned prio:2; /* annotated tag = 2, tag = 1, head = 0 */
 	unsigned name_checked:1;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *path;
+	char *path;
 };
+
 static const char *prio_names[] = {
 	"head", "lightweight", "annotated",
 };
 
-static inline unsigned int hash_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int commit_name_cmp(const struct commit_name *cn1,
+		const struct commit_name *cn2, const void *peeled)
 {
-	unsigned int hash;
-	memcpy(&hash, sha1, sizeof(hash));
-	return hash;
+	return hashcmp(cn1->peeled, peeled ? peeled : cn2->peeled);
 }
 
 static inline struct commit_name *find_commit_name(const unsigned char *peeled)
 {
-	struct commit_name *n = lookup_hash(hash_sha1(peeled), &names);
-	while (n && !!hashcmp(peeled, n->peeled))
-		n = n->next;
-	return n;
-}
-
-static int set_util(void *chain, void *data)
-{
-	struct commit_name *n;
-	for (n = chain; n; n = n->next) {
-		struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference_gently(n->peeled, 1);
-		if (c)
-			c->util = n;
-	}
-	return 0;
+	return hashmap_get_from_hash(&names, sha1hash(peeled), peeled);
 }
 
 static int replace_name(struct commit_name *e,
@@ -116,62 +104,57 @@ static void add_to_known_names(const char *path,
 	struct tag *tag = NULL;
 	if (replace_name(e, prio, sha1, &tag)) {
 		if (!e) {
-			void **pos;
 			e = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_name));
 			hashcpy(e->peeled, peeled);
-			pos = insert_hash(hash_sha1(peeled), e, &names);
-			if (pos) {
-				e->next = *pos;
-				*pos = e;
-			} else {
-				e->next = NULL;
-			}
+			hashmap_entry_init(e, sha1hash(peeled));
+			hashmap_add(&names, e);
+			e->path = NULL;
 		}
 		e->tag = tag;
 		e->prio = prio;
 		e->name_checked = 0;
 		hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
-		e->path = path;
+		free(e->path);
+		e->path = xstrdup(path);
 	}
 }
 
-static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int get_name(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	int might_be_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
-	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	int is_tag, prio;
+	int is_tag = starts_with(path, "refs/tags/");
+	struct object_id peeled;
+	int is_annotated, prio;
+
+	/* Reject anything outside refs/tags/ unless --all */
+	if (!all && !is_tag)
+		return 0;
 
-	if (!all && !might_be_tag)
+	/* Accept only tags that match the pattern, if given */
+	if (pattern && (!is_tag || wildmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0, NULL)))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled) && !is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-		is_tag = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
+	/* Is it annotated? */
+	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled.hash)) {
+		is_annotated = !!oidcmp(oid, &peeled);
 	} else {
-		hashcpy(peeled, sha1);
-		is_tag = 0;
+		oidcpy(&peeled, oid);
+		is_annotated = 0;
 	}
 
-	/* If --all, then any refs are used.
-	 * If --tags, then any tags are used.
-	 * Otherwise only annotated tags are used.
+	/*
+	 * By default, we only use annotated tags, but with --tags
+	 * we fall back to lightweight ones (even without --tags,
+	 * we still remember lightweight ones, only to give hints
+	 * in an error message).  --all allows any refs to be used.
 	 */
-	if (might_be_tag) {
-		if (is_tag)
-			prio = 2;
-		else
-			prio = 1;
-
-		if (pattern && fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0))
-			prio = 0;
-	}
+	if (is_annotated)
+		prio = 2;
+	else if (is_tag)
+		prio = 1;
 	else
 		prio = 0;
 
-	if (!all) {
-		if (!prio)
-			return 0;
-	}
-	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, peeled, prio, sha1);
+	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, peeled.hash, prio, oid->hash);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -269,14 +252,14 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 	if (!cmit)
 		die(_("%s is not a valid '%s' object"), arg, commit_type);
 
-	n = find_commit_name(cmit->object.sha1);
+	n = find_commit_name(cmit->object.oid.hash);
 	if (n && (tags || all || n->prio == 2)) {
 		/*
 		 * Exact match to an existing ref.
 		 */
 		display_name(n);
 		if (longformat)
-			show_suffix(0, n->tag ? n->tag->tagged->sha1 : sha1);
+			show_suffix(0, n->tag ? n->tag->tagged->oid.hash : sha1);
 		if (dirty)
 			printf("%s", dirty);
 		printf("\n");
@@ -284,12 +267,19 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 	}
 
 	if (!max_candidates)
-		die(_("no tag exactly matches '%s'"), sha1_to_hex(cmit->object.sha1));
+		die(_("no tag exactly matches '%s'"), oid_to_hex(&cmit->object.oid));
 	if (debug)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("searching to describe %s\n"), arg);
 
 	if (!have_util) {
-		for_each_hash(&names, set_util, NULL);
+		struct hashmap_iter iter;
+		struct commit *c;
+		struct commit_name *n = hashmap_iter_first(&names, &iter);
+		for (; n; n = hashmap_iter_next(&iter)) {
+			c = lookup_commit_reference_gently(n->peeled, 1);
+			if (c)
+				c->util = n;
+		}
 		have_util = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -327,7 +317,7 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 		if (annotated_cnt && !list) {
 			if (debug)
 				fprintf(stderr, _("finished search at %s\n"),
-					sha1_to_hex(c->object.sha1));
+					oid_to_hex(&c->object.oid));
 			break;
 		}
 		while (parents) {
@@ -337,13 +327,16 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 				commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
 			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
 			parents = parents->next;
+
+			if (first_parent)
+				break;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (!match_cnt) {
-		const unsigned char *sha1 = cmit->object.sha1;
+		struct object_id *oid = &cmit->object.oid;
 		if (always) {
-			printf("%s", find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev));
+			printf("%s", find_unique_abbrev(oid->hash, abbrev));
 			if (dirty)
 				printf("%s", dirty);
 			printf("\n");
@@ -352,11 +345,11 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 		if (unannotated_cnt)
 			die(_("No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 			    "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."),
-			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			    oid_to_hex(oid));
 		else
 			die(_("No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 			    "Try --always, or create some tags."),
-			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			    oid_to_hex(oid));
 	}
 
 	qsort(all_matches, match_cnt, sizeof(all_matches[0]), compare_pt);
@@ -381,13 +374,13 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 				_("more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
 				"gave up search at %s\n"),
 				max_candidates, max_candidates,
-				sha1_to_hex(gave_up_on->object.sha1));
+				oid_to_hex(&gave_up_on->object.oid));
 		}
 	}
 
 	display_name(all_matches[0].name);
 	if (abbrev)
-		show_suffix(all_matches[0].depth, cmit->object.sha1);
+		show_suffix(all_matches[0].depth, cmit->object.oid.hash);
 	if (dirty)
 		printf("%s", dirty);
 	printf("\n");
@@ -400,23 +393,24 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int contains = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "contains",   &contains, "find the tag that comes after the commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug",      &debug, "debug search strategy on stderr"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all",        &all, "use any ref in .git/refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags",       &tags, "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "long",       &longformat, "always use long format"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "contains",   &contains, N_("find the tag that comes after the commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug",      &debug, N_("debug search strategy on stderr")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all",        &all, N_("use any ref")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags",       &tags, N_("use any tag, even unannotated")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "long",       &longformat, N_("always use long format")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "first-parent", &first_parent, N_("only follow first parent")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exact-match", &max_candidates,
-			    "only output exact matches", 0),
+			    N_("only output exact matches"), 0),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "candidates", &max_candidates,
-			    "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, "pattern",
-			   "only consider tags matching <pattern>"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
-			   "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"),
-		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, "mark",
-			   "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")",
-		 PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
+			    N_("consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, N_("pattern"),
+			   N_("only consider tags matching <pattern>")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "always",        &always,
+			N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, N_("mark"),
+			N_("append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -436,29 +430,29 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"));
 
 	if (contains) {
-		const char **args = xmalloc((7 + argc) * sizeof(char *));
-		int i = 0;
-		args[i++] = "name-rev";
-		args[i++] = "--name-only";
-		args[i++] = "--no-undefined";
+		struct argv_array args;
+
+		argv_array_init(&args);
+		argv_array_pushl(&args, "name-rev",
+				 "--peel-tag", "--name-only", "--no-undefined",
+				 NULL);
 		if (always)
-			args[i++] = "--always";
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--always");
 		if (!all) {
-			args[i++] = "--tags";
-			if (pattern) {
-				char *s = xmalloc(strlen("--refs=refs/tags/") + strlen(pattern) + 1);
-				sprintf(s, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
-				args[i++] = s;
-			}
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--tags");
+			if (pattern)
+				argv_array_pushf(&args, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
 		}
-		memcpy(args + i, argv, argc * sizeof(char *));
-		args[i + argc] = NULL;
-		return cmd_name_rev(i + argc, args, prefix);
+		if (argc)
+			argv_array_pushv(&args, argv);
+		else
+			argv_array_push(&args, "HEAD");
+		return cmd_name_rev(args.argc, args.argv, prefix);
 	}
 
-	init_hash(&names);
+	hashmap_init(&names, (hashmap_cmp_fn) commit_name_cmp, 0);
 	for_each_rawref(get_name, NULL);
-	if (!names.nr && !always)
+	if (!names.size && !always)
 		die(_("No names found, cannot describe anything."));
 
 	if (argc == 0) {
@@ -479,11 +473,10 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 		describe("HEAD", 1);
 	} else if (dirty) {
-		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with committishes"));
+		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"));
 	} else {
-		while (argc-- > 0) {
+		while (argc-- > 0)
 			describe(*argv++, argc == 0);
-		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/diff-files.c b/builtin/diff-files.c
index 46085f862f..15c61fd8d1 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-files.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-files.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char diff_files_usage[] =
-"git diff-files [-q] [-0/-1/2/3 |-c|--cc] [<common diff options>] [<path>...]"
+"git diff-files [-q] [-0 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -c | --cc] [<common-diff-options>] [<path>...]"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
 
 int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 	rev.abbrev = 0;
+	precompose_argv(argc, argv);
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	    (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
 		rev.combine_merges = rev.dense_combined_merges = 1;
 
-	if (read_cache_preload(rev.diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+	if (read_cache_preload(&rev.diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache_preload");
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/diff-index.c b/builtin/diff-index.c
index 2eb32bd9da..1af373d002 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-index.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-index.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 static const char diff_cache_usage[] =
 "git diff-index [-m] [--cached] "
-"[<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+"[<common-diff-options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
 
 int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 	rev.abbrev = 0;
+	precompose_argv(argc, argv);
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
@@ -41,9 +42,13 @@ int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (rev.pending.nr != 1 ||
 	    rev.max_count != -1 || rev.min_age != -1 || rev.max_age != -1)
 		usage(diff_cache_usage);
-	if (!cached)
+	if (!cached) {
 		setup_work_tree();
-	if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		if (read_cache_preload(&rev.diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
+			perror("read_cache_preload");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else if (read_cache() < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache");
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/diff-tree.c b/builtin/diff-tree.c
index be6417d166..806dd7a885 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-tree.c
@@ -22,14 +22,10 @@ static int stdin_diff_commit(struct commit *commit, char *line, int len)
 	if (isspace(line[40]) && !get_sha1_hex(line+41, sha1)) {
 		/* Graft the fake parents locally to the commit */
 		int pos = 41;
-		struct commit_list **pptr, *parents;
+		struct commit_list **pptr;
 
 		/* Free the real parent list */
-		for (parents = commit->parents; parents; ) {
-			struct commit_list *tmp = parents->next;
-			free(parents);
-			parents = tmp;
-		}
+		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
 		commit->parents = NULL;
 		pptr = &(commit->parents);
 		while (line[pos] && !get_sha1_hex(line + pos, sha1)) {
@@ -53,9 +49,9 @@ static int stdin_diff_trees(struct tree *tree1, char *line, int len)
 	tree2 = lookup_tree(sha1);
 	if (!tree2 || parse_tree(tree2))
 		return -1;
-	printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(tree1->object.sha1),
-			  sha1_to_hex(tree2->object.sha1));
-	diff_tree_sha1(tree1->object.sha1, tree2->object.sha1,
+	printf("%s %s\n", oid_to_hex(&tree1->object.oid),
+			  oid_to_hex(&tree2->object.oid));
+	diff_tree_sha1(tree1->object.oid.hash, tree2->object.oid.hash,
 		       "", &log_tree_opt.diffopt);
 	log_tree_diff_flush(&log_tree_opt);
 	return 0;
@@ -72,9 +68,7 @@ static int diff_tree_stdin(char *line)
 	line[len-1] = 0;
 	if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1))
 		return -1;
-	obj = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
-	if (!obj || !obj->parsed)
-		obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	obj = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
 		return -1;
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
@@ -88,7 +82,7 @@ static int diff_tree_stdin(char *line)
 
 static const char diff_tree_usage[] =
 "git diff-tree [--stdin] [-m] [-c] [--cc] [-s] [-v] [--pretty] [-t] [-r] [--root] "
-"[<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>...]\n"
+"[<common-diff-options>] <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>...]\n"
 "  -r            diff recursively\n"
 "  --root        include the initial commit as diff against /dev/null\n"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
@@ -120,6 +114,8 @@ int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	opt->disable_stdin = 1;
 	memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
 	s_r_opt.tweak = diff_tree_tweak_rev;
+
+	precompose_argv(argc, argv);
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, opt, &s_r_opt);
 
 	while (--argc > 0) {
@@ -145,7 +141,7 @@ int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		break;
 	case 1:
 		tree1 = opt->pending.objects[0].item;
-		diff_tree_commit_sha1(tree1->sha1);
+		diff_tree_commit_sha1(tree1->oid.hash);
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		tree1 = opt->pending.objects[0].item;
@@ -155,8 +151,8 @@ int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			tree2 = tree1;
 			tree1 = tmp;
 		}
-		diff_tree_sha1(tree1->sha1,
-			       tree2->sha1,
+		diff_tree_sha1(tree1->oid.hash,
+			       tree2->oid.hash,
 			       "", &opt->diffopt);
 		log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 		break;
diff --git a/builtin/diff.c b/builtin/diff.c
index 0fe638fc45..b7a9405d9f 100644
--- a/builtin/diff.c
+++ b/builtin/diff.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -14,6 +15,10 @@
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+
+#define DIFF_NO_INDEX_EXPLICIT 1
+#define DIFF_NO_INDEX_IMPLICIT 2
 
 struct blobinfo {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -28,6 +33,8 @@ static void stuff_change(struct diff_options *opt,
 			 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 			 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 			 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			 int old_sha1_valid,
+			 int new_sha1_valid,
 			 const char *old_name,
 			 const char *new_name)
 {
@@ -53,23 +60,26 @@ static void stuff_change(struct diff_options *opt,
 
 	one = alloc_filespec(old_name);
 	two = alloc_filespec(new_name);
-	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_mode);
-	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_mode);
+	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_sha1_valid, old_mode);
+	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_sha1_valid, new_mode);
 
 	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
 }
 
 static int builtin_diff_b_f(struct rev_info *revs,
 			    int argc, const char **argv,
-			    struct blobinfo *blob,
-			    const char *path)
+			    struct blobinfo *blob)
 {
 	/* Blob vs file in the working tree*/
 	struct stat st;
+	const char *path;
 
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(&revs->prune_data, PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL);
+	path = revs->prune_data.items[0].match;
+
 	if (lstat(path, &st))
 		die_errno(_("failed to stat '%s'"), path);
 	if (!(S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)))
@@ -83,6 +93,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_b_f(struct rev_info *revs,
 	stuff_change(&revs->diffopt,
 		     blob[0].mode, canon_mode(st.st_mode),
 		     blob[0].sha1, null_sha1,
+		     1, 0,
 		     path, path);
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
 	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -107,6 +118,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_blobs(struct rev_info *revs,
 	stuff_change(&revs->diffopt,
 		     blob[0].mode, blob[1].mode,
 		     blob[0].sha1, blob[1].sha1,
+		     1, 1,
 		     blob[0].name, blob[1].name);
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
 	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -125,8 +137,6 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 			usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 		argv++; argc--;
 	}
-	if (!cached)
-		setup_work_tree();
 	/*
 	 * Make sure there is one revision (i.e. pending object),
 	 * and there is no revision filtering parameters.
@@ -135,8 +145,14 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 	    revs->max_count != -1 || revs->min_age != -1 ||
 	    revs->max_age != -1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
-		perror("read_cache_preload");
+	if (!cached) {
+		setup_work_tree();
+		if (read_cache_preload(&revs->diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
+			perror("read_cache_preload");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		perror("read_cache");
 		return -1;
 	}
 	return run_diff_index(revs, cached);
@@ -144,7 +160,8 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 static int builtin_diff_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 			     int argc, const char **argv,
-			     struct object_array_entry *ent)
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent0,
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent1)
 {
 	const unsigned char *(sha1[2]);
 	int swap = 0;
@@ -152,13 +169,14 @@ static int builtin_diff_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 
-	/* We saw two trees, ent[0] and ent[1].
-	 * if ent[1] is uninteresting, they are swapped
+	/*
+	 * We saw two trees, ent0 and ent1.  If ent1 is uninteresting,
+	 * swap them.
 	 */
-	if (ent[1].item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+	if (ent1->item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		swap = 1;
-	sha1[swap] = ent[0].item->sha1;
-	sha1[1-swap] = ent[1].item->sha1;
+	sha1[swap] = ent0->item->oid.hash;
+	sha1[1 - swap] = ent1->item->oid.hash;
 	diff_tree_sha1(sha1[0], sha1[1], "", &revs->diffopt);
 	log_tree_diff_flush(revs);
 	return 0;
@@ -169,7 +187,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_combined(struct rev_info *revs,
 				 struct object_array_entry *ent,
 				 int ents)
 {
-	const unsigned char (*parent)[20];
+	struct sha1_array parents = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
 	int i;
 
 	if (argc > 1)
@@ -177,12 +195,11 @@ static int builtin_diff_combined(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 	if (!revs->dense_combined_merges && !revs->combine_merges)
 		revs->dense_combined_merges = revs->combine_merges = 1;
-	parent = xmalloc(ents * sizeof(*parent));
-	for (i = 0; i < ents; i++)
-		hashcpy((unsigned char *)(parent + i), ent[i].item->sha1);
-	diff_tree_combined(parent[0], parent + 1, ents - 1,
+	for (i = 1; i < ents; i++)
+		sha1_array_append(&parents, ent[i].item->oid.hash);
+	diff_tree_combined(ent[0].item->oid.hash, &parents,
 			   revs->dense_combined_merges, revs);
-	free((void *)parent);
+	sha1_array_clear(&parents);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -232,7 +249,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **argv
 		revs->combine_merges = revs->dense_combined_merges = 1;
 
 	setup_work_tree();
-	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+	if (read_cache_preload(&revs->diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache_preload");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -243,11 +260,10 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct object_array_entry ent[100];
-	int ents = 0, blobs = 0, paths = 0;
-	const char *path = NULL;
+	struct object_array ent = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int blobs = 0, paths = 0;
 	struct blobinfo blob[2];
-	int nongit;
+	int nongit = 0, no_index = 0;
 	int result = 0;
 
 	/*
@@ -273,18 +289,69 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * Other cases are errors.
 	 */
 
-	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
-	gitmodules_config();
+	/* Were we asked to do --no-index explicitly? */
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
+			no_index = DIFF_NO_INDEX_EXPLICIT;
+		if (argv[i][0] != '-')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (!no_index)
+		prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+
+	/*
+	 * Treat git diff with at least one path outside of the
+	 * repo the same as if the command would have been executed
+	 * outside of a git repository.  In this case it behaves
+	 * the same way as "git diff --no-index <a> <b>", which acts
+	 * as a colourful "diff" replacement.
+	 */
+	if (nongit || ((argc == i + 2) &&
+		       (!path_inside_repo(prefix, argv[i]) ||
+			!path_inside_repo(prefix, argv[i + 1]))))
+		no_index = DIFF_NO_INDEX_IMPLICIT;
+
+	if (!no_index)
+		gitmodules_config();
+	init_diff_ui_defaults();
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config, NULL);
+	precompose_argv(argc, argv);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 
-	/* If this is a no-index diff, just run it and exit there. */
-	diff_no_index(&rev, argc, argv, nongit, prefix);
+	if (no_index && argc != i + 2) {
+		if (no_index == DIFF_NO_INDEX_IMPLICIT) {
+			/*
+			 * There was no --no-index and there were not two
+			 * paths. It is possible that the user intended
+			 * to do an inside-repository operation.
+			 */
+			fprintf(stderr, "Not a git repository\n");
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"To compare two paths outside a working tree:\n");
+		}
+		/* Give the usage message for non-repository usage and exit. */
+		usagef("git diff %s <path> <path>",
+		       no_index == DIFF_NO_INDEX_EXPLICIT ?
+		       "--no-index" : "[--no-index]");
+
+	}
+	if (no_index)
+		/* If this is a no-index diff, just run it and exit there. */
+		diff_no_index(&rev, argc, argv);
 
 	/* Otherwise, we are doing the usual "git" diff */
 	rev.diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch = !!diff_auto_refresh_index;
 
+	/* Scale to real terminal size and respect statGraphWidth config */
+	rev.diffopt.stat_width = -1;
+	rev.diffopt.stat_graph_width = -1;
+
 	/* Default to let external and textconv be used */
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
@@ -294,19 +361,12 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format) {
 		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-		if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
-			die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+		diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
 	}
 
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
 
-	/*
-	 * If the user asked for our exit code then don't start a
-	 * pager or we would end up reporting its exit code instead.
-	 */
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev.diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
-	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
-		setup_pager();
+	setup_diff_pager(&rev.diffopt);
 
 	/*
 	 * Do we have --cached and not have a pending object, then
@@ -323,7 +383,7 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				add_head_to_pending(&rev);
 				if (!rev.pending.nr) {
 					struct tree *tree;
-					tree = lookup_tree((const unsigned char*)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+					tree = lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
 					add_pending_object(&rev, &tree->object, "HEAD");
 				}
 				break;
@@ -332,49 +392,40 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *list = rev.pending.objects+i;
-		struct object *obj = list->item;
-		const char *name = list->name;
+		struct object_array_entry *entry = &rev.pending.objects[i];
+		struct object *obj = entry->item;
+		const char *name = entry->name;
 		int flags = (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING);
 		if (!obj->parsed)
-			obj = parse_object(obj->sha1);
+			obj = parse_object(obj->oid.hash);
 		obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
 		if (!obj)
 			die(_("invalid object '%s' given."), name);
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 			obj = &((struct commit *)obj)->tree->object;
+
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(ent) <= ents)
-				die(_("more than %d trees given: '%s'"),
-				    (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ent), name);
 			obj->flags |= flags;
-			ent[ents].item = obj;
-			ent[ents].name = name;
-			ents++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			add_object_array(obj, name, &ent);
+		} else if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			if (2 <= blobs)
 				die(_("more than two blobs given: '%s'"), name);
-			hashcpy(blob[blobs].sha1, obj->sha1);
+			hashcpy(blob[blobs].sha1, obj->oid.hash);
 			blob[blobs].name = name;
-			blob[blobs].mode = list->mode;
+			blob[blobs].mode = entry->mode;
 			blobs++;
-			continue;
 
+		} else {
+			die(_("unhandled object '%s' given."), name);
 		}
-		die(_("unhandled object '%s' given."), name);
 	}
-	if (rev.prune_data.nr) {
-		if (!path)
-			path = rev.prune_data.items[0].match;
+	if (rev.prune_data.nr)
 		paths += rev.prune_data.nr;
-	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Now, do the arguments look reasonable?
 	 */
-	if (!ents) {
+	if (!ent.nr) {
 		switch (blobs) {
 		case 0:
 			result = builtin_diff_files(&rev, argc, argv);
@@ -382,7 +433,7 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		case 1:
 			if (paths != 1)
 				usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-			result = builtin_diff_b_f(&rev, argc, argv, blob, path);
+			result = builtin_diff_b_f(&rev, argc, argv, blob);
 			break;
 		case 2:
 			if (paths)
@@ -395,23 +446,26 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else if (blobs)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-	else if (ents == 1)
+	else if (ent.nr == 1)
 		result = builtin_diff_index(&rev, argc, argv);
-	else if (ents == 2)
-		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
-	else if (ent[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+	else if (ent.nr == 2)
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv,
+					   &ent.objects[0], &ent.objects[1]);
+	else if (ent.objects[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 		/*
 		 * diff A...B where there is at least one merge base
-		 * between A and B.  We have ent[0] == merge-base,
-		 * ent[ents-2] == A, and ent[ents-1] == B.  Show diff
-		 * between the base and B.  Note that we pick one
-		 * merge base at random if there are more than one.
+		 * between A and B.  We have ent.objects[0] ==
+		 * merge-base, ent.objects[ents-2] == A, and
+		 * ent.objects[ents-1] == B.  Show diff between the
+		 * base and B.  Note that we pick one merge base at
+		 * random if there are more than one.
 		 */
-		ent[1] = ent[ents-1];
-		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv,
+					   &ent.objects[0],
+					   &ent.objects[ent.nr-1]);
 	} else
 		result = builtin_diff_combined(&rev, argc, argv,
-					       ent, ents);
+					       ent.objects, ent.nr);
 	result = diff_result_code(&rev.diffopt, result);
 	if (1 < rev.diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch)
 		refresh_index_quietly();
diff --git a/builtin/fast-export.c b/builtin/fast-export.c
index 9836e6b7ca..8164b581a6 100644
--- a/builtin/fast-export.c
+++ b/builtin/fast-export.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "tag.h"
@@ -17,19 +18,25 @@
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "blob.h"
 
 static const char *fast_export_usage[] = {
-	"git fast-export [rev-list-opts]",
+	N_("git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int progress;
-static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
-static enum { ERROR, DROP, REWRITE } tag_of_filtered_mode = ABORT;
+static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, WARN_STRIP, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
+static enum { ERROR, DROP, REWRITE } tag_of_filtered_mode = ERROR;
 static int fake_missing_tagger;
 static int use_done_feature;
 static int no_data;
 static int full_tree;
+static struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+static struct refspec *refspecs;
+static int refspecs_nr;
+static int anonymize;
 
 static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
 				     const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -40,10 +47,12 @@ static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
 		signed_tag_mode = VERBATIM;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn"))
 		signed_tag_mode = WARN;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn-strip"))
+		signed_tag_mode = WARN_STRIP;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "strip"))
 		signed_tag_mode = STRIP;
 	else
-		return error("Unknown signed-tag mode: %s", arg);
+		return error("Unknown signed-tags mode: %s", arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -51,7 +60,7 @@ static int parse_opt_tag_of_filtered_mode(const struct option *opt,
 					  const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	if (unset || !strcmp(arg, "abort"))
-		tag_of_filtered_mode = ABORT;
+		tag_of_filtered_mode = ERROR;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "drop"))
 		tag_of_filtered_mode = DROP;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "rewrite"))
@@ -75,6 +84,76 @@ static int has_unshown_parent(struct commit *commit)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct anonymized_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry hash;
+	const char *orig;
+	size_t orig_len;
+	const char *anon;
+	size_t anon_len;
+};
+
+static int anonymized_entry_cmp(const void *va, const void *vb,
+				const void *data)
+{
+	const struct anonymized_entry *a = va, *b = vb;
+	return a->orig_len != b->orig_len ||
+		memcmp(a->orig, b->orig, a->orig_len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Basically keep a cache of X->Y so that we can repeatedly replace
+ * the same anonymized string with another. The actual generation
+ * is farmed out to the generate function.
+ */
+static const void *anonymize_mem(struct hashmap *map,
+				 void *(*generate)(const void *, size_t *),
+				 const void *orig, size_t *len)
+{
+	struct anonymized_entry key, *ret;
+
+	if (!map->cmpfn)
+		hashmap_init(map, anonymized_entry_cmp, 0);
+
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, memhash(orig, *len));
+	key.orig = orig;
+	key.orig_len = *len;
+	ret = hashmap_get(map, &key, NULL);
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		ret = xmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+		hashmap_entry_init(&ret->hash, key.hash.hash);
+		ret->orig = xstrdup(orig);
+		ret->orig_len = *len;
+		ret->anon = generate(orig, len);
+		ret->anon_len = *len;
+		hashmap_put(map, ret);
+	}
+
+	*len = ret->anon_len;
+	return ret->anon;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We anonymize each component of a path individually,
+ * so that paths a/b and a/c will share a common root.
+ * The paths are cached via anonymize_mem so that repeated
+ * lookups for "a" will yield the same value.
+ */
+static void anonymize_path(struct strbuf *out, const char *path,
+			   struct hashmap *map,
+			   void *(*generate)(const void *, size_t *))
+{
+	while (*path) {
+		const char *end_of_component = strchrnul(path, '/');
+		size_t len = end_of_component - path;
+		const char *c = anonymize_mem(map, generate, path, &len);
+		strbuf_add(out, c, len);
+		path = end_of_component;
+		if (*path)
+			strbuf_addch(out, *path++);
+	}
+}
+
 /* Since intptr_t is C99, we do not use it here */
 static inline uint32_t *mark_to_ptr(uint32_t mark)
 {
@@ -113,12 +192,33 @@ static void show_progress(void)
 		printf("progress %d objects\n", counter);
 }
 
-static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+/*
+ * Ideally we would want some transformation of the blob data here
+ * that is unreversible, but would still be the same size and have
+ * the same data relationship to other blobs (so that we get the same
+ * delta and packing behavior as the original). But the first and last
+ * requirements there are probably mutually exclusive, so let's take
+ * the easy way out for now, and just generate arbitrary content.
+ *
+ * There's no need to cache this result with anonymize_mem, since
+ * we already handle blob content caching with marks.
+ */
+static char *anonymize_blob(unsigned long *size)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "anonymous blob %d", counter++);
+	*size = out.len;
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, NULL);
+}
+
+static void export_blob(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
 	char *buf;
 	struct object *object;
+	int eaten;
 
 	if (no_data)
 		return;
@@ -126,16 +226,25 @@ static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return;
 
-	object = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!object)
-		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-
-	if (object->flags & SHOWN)
+	object = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (object && object->flags & SHOWN)
 		return;
 
-	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-	if (!buf)
-		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (anonymize) {
+		buf = anonymize_blob(&size);
+		object = (struct object *)lookup_blob(sha1);
+		eaten = 0;
+	} else {
+		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buf)
+			die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (check_sha1_signature(sha1, buf, size, typename(type)) < 0)
+			die("sha1 mismatch in blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		object = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
+	}
+
+	if (!object)
+		die("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	mark_next_object(object);
 
@@ -147,7 +256,8 @@ static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	show_progress();
 
 	object->flags |= SHOWN;
-	free(buf);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
 }
 
 static int depth_first(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -180,15 +290,54 @@ static int depth_first(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 	return (a->status == 'R') - (b->status == 'R');
 }
 
-static void print_path(const char *path)
+static void print_path_1(const char *path)
 {
 	int need_quote = quote_c_style(path, NULL, NULL, 0);
 	if (need_quote)
 		quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+	else if (strchr(path, ' '))
+		printf("\"%s\"", path);
 	else
 		printf("%s", path);
 }
 
+static void *anonymize_path_component(const void *path, size_t *len)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "path%d", counter++);
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, len);
+}
+
+static void print_path(const char *path)
+{
+	if (!anonymize)
+		print_path_1(path);
+	else {
+		static struct hashmap paths;
+		static struct strbuf anon = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		anonymize_path(&anon, path, &paths, anonymize_path_component);
+		print_path_1(anon.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&anon);
+	}
+}
+
+static void *generate_fake_sha1(const void *old, size_t *len)
+{
+	static uint32_t counter = 1; /* avoid null sha1 */
+	unsigned char *out = xcalloc(20, 1);
+	put_be32(out + 16, counter++);
+	return out;
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *anonymize_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static struct hashmap sha1s;
+	size_t len = 20;
+	return anonymize_mem(&sha1s, generate_fake_sha1, sha1, &len);
+}
+
 static void show_filemodify(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			    struct diff_options *options, void *data)
 {
@@ -233,7 +382,9 @@ static void show_filemodify(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			 */
 			if (no_data || S_ISGITLINK(spec->mode))
 				printf("M %06o %s ", spec->mode,
-				       sha1_to_hex(spec->sha1));
+				       sha1_to_hex(anonymize ?
+						   anonymize_sha1(spec->sha1) :
+						   spec->sha1));
 			else {
 				struct object *object = lookup_object(spec->sha1);
 				printf("M %06o :%d ", spec->mode,
@@ -267,28 +418,139 @@ static const char *find_encoding(const char *begin, const char *end)
 	return bol;
 }
 
+static void *anonymize_ref_component(const void *old, size_t *len)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "ref%d", counter++);
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, len);
+}
+
+static const char *anonymize_refname(const char *refname)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If any of these prefixes is found, we will leave it intact
+	 * so that tags remain tags and so forth.
+	 */
+	static const char *prefixes[] = {
+		"refs/heads/",
+		"refs/tags/",
+		"refs/remotes/",
+		"refs/"
+	};
+	static struct hashmap refs;
+	static struct strbuf anon = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * We also leave "master" as a special case, since it does not reveal
+	 * anything interesting.
+	 */
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "refs/heads/master"))
+		return refname;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&anon);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefixes); i++) {
+		if (skip_prefix(refname, prefixes[i], &refname)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&anon, prefixes[i]);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	anonymize_path(&anon, refname, &refs, anonymize_ref_component);
+	return anon.buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We do not even bother to cache commit messages, as they are unlikely
+ * to be repeated verbatim, and it is not that interesting when they are.
+ */
+static char *anonymize_commit_message(const char *old)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	return xstrfmt("subject %d\n\nbody\n", counter++);
+}
+
+static struct hashmap idents;
+static void *anonymize_ident(const void *old, size_t *len)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "User %d <user%d@example.com>", counter, counter);
+	counter++;
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Our strategy here is to anonymize the names and email addresses,
+ * but keep timestamps intact, as they influence things like traversal
+ * order (and by themselves should not be too revealing).
+ */
+static void anonymize_ident_line(const char **beg, const char **end)
+{
+	static struct strbuf buffers[] = { STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT };
+	static unsigned which_buffer;
+
+	struct strbuf *out;
+	struct ident_split split;
+	const char *end_of_header;
+
+	out = &buffers[which_buffer++];
+	which_buffer %= ARRAY_SIZE(buffers);
+	strbuf_reset(out);
+
+	/* skip "committer", "author", "tagger", etc */
+	end_of_header = strchr(*beg, ' ');
+	if (!end_of_header)
+		die("BUG: malformed line fed to anonymize_ident_line: %.*s",
+		    (int)(*end - *beg), *beg);
+	end_of_header++;
+	strbuf_add(out, *beg, end_of_header - *beg);
+
+	if (!split_ident_line(&split, end_of_header, *end - end_of_header) &&
+	    split.date_begin) {
+		const char *ident;
+		size_t len;
+
+		len = split.mail_end - split.name_begin;
+		ident = anonymize_mem(&idents, anonymize_ident,
+				      split.name_begin, &len);
+		strbuf_add(out, ident, len);
+		strbuf_addch(out, ' ');
+		strbuf_add(out, split.date_begin, split.tz_end - split.date_begin);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(out, "Malformed Ident <malformed@example.com> 0 -0000");
+	}
+
+	*beg = out->buf;
+	*end = out->buf + out->len;
+}
+
 static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	int saved_output_format = rev->diffopt.output_format;
+	const char *commit_buffer;
 	const char *author, *author_end, *committer, *committer_end;
 	const char *encoding, *message;
 	char *reencoded = NULL;
 	struct commit_list *p;
+	const char *refname;
 	int i;
 
 	rev->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 
-	parse_commit(commit);
-	author = strstr(commit->buffer, "\nauthor ");
+	parse_commit_or_die(commit);
+	commit_buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+	author = strstr(commit_buffer, "\nauthor ");
 	if (!author)
 		die ("Could not find author in commit %s",
-		     sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		     oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 	author++;
 	author_end = strchrnul(author, '\n');
 	committer = strstr(author_end, "\ncommitter ");
 	if (!committer)
 		die ("Could not find committer in commit %s",
-		     sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		     oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 	committer++;
 	committer_end = strchrnul(committer, '\n');
 	message = strstr(committer_end, "\n\n");
@@ -299,26 +561,35 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 	if (commit->parents &&
 	    get_object_mark(&commit->parents->item->object) != 0 &&
 	    !full_tree) {
-		parse_commit(commit->parents->item);
-		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->tree->object.sha1,
-			       commit->tree->object.sha1, "", &rev->diffopt);
+		parse_commit_or_die(commit->parents->item);
+		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->tree->object.oid.hash,
+			       commit->tree->object.oid.hash, "", &rev->diffopt);
 	}
 	else
-		diff_root_tree_sha1(commit->tree->object.sha1,
+		diff_root_tree_sha1(commit->tree->object.oid.hash,
 				    "", &rev->diffopt);
 
 	/* Export the referenced blobs, and remember the marks. */
 	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->mode))
-			handle_object(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
+			export_blob(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
+
+	refname = commit->util;
+	if (anonymize) {
+		refname = anonymize_refname(refname);
+		anonymize_ident_line(&committer, &committer_end);
+		anonymize_ident_line(&author, &author_end);
+	}
 
 	mark_next_object(&commit->object);
-	if (!is_encoding_utf8(encoding))
+	if (anonymize)
+		reencoded = anonymize_commit_message(message);
+	else if (!is_encoding_utf8(encoding))
 		reencoded = reencode_string(message, "UTF-8", encoding);
 	if (!commit->parents)
-		printf("reset %s\n", (const char*)commit->util);
+		printf("reset %s\n", refname);
 	printf("commit %s\nmark :%"PRIu32"\n%.*s\n%.*s\ndata %u\n%s",
-	       (const char *)commit->util, last_idnum,
+	       refname, last_idnum,
 	       (int)(author_end - author), author,
 	       (int)(committer_end - committer), committer,
 	       (unsigned)(reencoded
@@ -326,6 +597,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 			  ? strlen(message) : 0),
 	       reencoded ? reencoded : message ? message : "");
 	free(reencoded);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, commit_buffer);
 
 	for (i = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		int mark = get_object_mark(&p->item->object);
@@ -348,6 +620,14 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 	show_progress();
 }
 
+static void *anonymize_tag(const void *old, size_t *len)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "tag message %d", counter++);
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, len);
+}
+
 static void handle_tail(struct object_array *commits, struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
@@ -371,7 +651,7 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	int tagged_mark;
 	struct commit *p;
 
-	/* Trees have no identifer in fast-export output, thus we have no way
+	/* Trees have no identifier in fast-export output, thus we have no way
 	 * to output tags of trees, tags of tags of trees, etc.  Simply omit
 	 * such tags.
 	 */
@@ -381,13 +661,13 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	}
 	if (tagged->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		warning("Omitting tag %s,\nsince tags of trees (or tags of tags of trees, etc.) are not supported.",
-			sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+			oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid));
 		return;
 	}
 
-	buf = read_sha1_file(tag->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	buf = read_sha1_file(tag->object.oid.hash, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
-		die ("Could not read tag %s", sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+		die ("Could not read tag %s", oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid));
 	message = memmem(buf, size, "\n\n", 2);
 	if (message) {
 		message += 2;
@@ -404,6 +684,17 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	} else {
 		tagger++;
 		tagger_end = strchrnul(tagger, '\n');
+		if (anonymize)
+			anonymize_ident_line(&tagger, &tagger_end);
+	}
+
+	if (anonymize) {
+		name = anonymize_refname(name);
+		if (message) {
+			static struct hashmap tags;
+			message = anonymize_mem(&tags, anonymize_tag,
+						message, &message_size);
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* handle signed tags */
@@ -414,14 +705,18 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 			switch(signed_tag_mode) {
 			case ABORT:
 				die ("Encountered signed tag %s; use "
-				     "--signed-tag=<mode> to handle it.",
-				     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+				     "--signed-tags=<mode> to handle it.",
+				     oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid));
 			case WARN:
 				warning ("Exporting signed tag %s",
-					 sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+					 oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid));
 				/* fallthru */
 			case VERBATIM:
 				break;
+			case WARN_STRIP:
+				warning ("Stripping signature from tag %s",
+					 oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid));
+				/* fallthru */
 			case STRIP:
 				message_size = signature + 1 - message;
 				break;
@@ -436,14 +731,14 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 		case ABORT:
 			die ("Tag %s tags unexported object; use "
 			     "--tag-of-filtered-object=<mode> to handle it.",
-			     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+			     oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid));
 		case DROP:
 			/* Ignore this tag altogether */
 			return;
 		case REWRITE:
 			if (tagged->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
 				die ("Tag %s tags unexported %s!",
-				     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1),
+				     oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid),
 				     typename(tagged->type));
 			}
 			p = (struct commit *)tagged;
@@ -456,14 +751,14 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 					break;
 				if (!p->parents)
 					die ("Can't find replacement commit for tag %s\n",
-					     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+					     oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid));
 				p = p->parents->item;
 			}
 			tagged_mark = get_object_mark(&p->object);
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/"))
+	if (starts_with(name, "refs/tags/"))
 		name += 10;
 	printf("tag %s\nfrom :%d\n%.*s%sdata %d\n%.*s\n",
 	       name, tagged_mark,
@@ -472,76 +767,101 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	       (int)message_size, (int)message_size, message ? message : "");
 }
 
-static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct object_array *pending,
-				    struct string_list *extra_refs)
+static struct commit *get_commit(struct rev_cmdline_entry *e, char *full_name)
+{
+	switch (e->item->type) {
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		return (struct commit *)e->item;
+	case OBJ_TAG: {
+		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
+
+		/* handle nested tags */
+		while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			parse_object(tag->object.oid.hash);
+			string_list_append(&extra_refs, full_name)->util = tag;
+			tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
+		}
+		if (!tag)
+			die("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
+		return (struct commit *)tag;
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct rev_cmdline_info *info)
 {
-	struct tag *tag;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < pending->nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *e = pending->objects + i;
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr; i++) {
+		struct rev_cmdline_entry *e = info->rev + i;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct commit *commit = commit;
+		struct commit *commit;
 		char *full_name;
 
-		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
+		if (e->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			continue;
 
-		switch (e->item->type) {
-		case OBJ_COMMIT:
-			commit = (struct commit *)e->item;
-			break;
-		case OBJ_TAG:
-			tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
+		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
+			continue;
 
-			/* handle nested tags */
-			while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
-				parse_object(tag->object.sha1);
-				string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = tag;
-				tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
-			}
-			if (!tag)
-				die ("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
-			switch(tag->object.type) {
-			case OBJ_COMMIT:
-				commit = (struct commit *)tag;
-				break;
-			case OBJ_BLOB:
-				handle_object(tag->object.sha1);
-				continue;
-			default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
-				warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
-					typename(tag->object.type));
-				continue;
+		if (refspecs) {
+			char *private;
+			private = apply_refspecs(refspecs, refspecs_nr, full_name);
+			if (private) {
+				free(full_name);
+				full_name = private;
 			}
-			break;
-		default:
+		}
+
+		commit = get_commit(e, full_name);
+		if (!commit) {
 			warning("%s: Unexpected object of type %s, skipping.",
 				e->name,
 				typename(e->item->type));
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (commit->util)
-			/* more than one name for the same object */
-			string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
-		else
+
+		switch(commit->object.type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			break;
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			export_blob(commit->object.oid.hash);
+			continue;
+		default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
+			warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
+				typename(commit->object.type));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This ref will not be updated through a commit, lets make
+		 * sure it gets properly updated eventually.
+		 */
+		if (commit->util || commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
+			string_list_append(&extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
+		if (!commit->util)
 			commit->util = full_name;
 	}
 }
 
-static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(struct string_list *extra_refs)
+static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(void)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = extra_refs->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		const char *name = extra_refs->items[i].string;
-		struct object *object = extra_refs->items[i].util;
+	for (i = extra_refs.nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const char *name = extra_refs.items[i].string;
+		struct object *object = extra_refs.items[i].util;
 		switch (object->type) {
 		case OBJ_TAG:
 			handle_tag(name, (struct tag *)object);
 			break;
 		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			if (anonymize)
+				name = anonymize_refname(name);
 			/* create refs pointing to already seen commits */
 			commit = (struct commit *)object;
 			printf("reset %s\nfrom :%d\n\n", name,
@@ -560,7 +880,7 @@ static void export_marks(char *file)
 	FILE *f;
 	int e = 0;
 
-	f = fopen(file, "w");
+	f = fopen_for_writing(file);
 	if (!f)
 		die_errno("Unable to open marks file %s for writing.", file);
 
@@ -568,7 +888,7 @@ static void export_marks(char *file)
 		if (deco->base && deco->base->type == 1) {
 			mark = ptr_to_mark(deco->decoration);
 			if (fprintf(f, ":%"PRIu32" %s\n", mark,
-				sha1_to_hex(deco->base->sha1)) < 0) {
+				oid_to_hex(&deco->base->oid)) < 0) {
 			    e = 1;
 			    break;
 			}
@@ -594,6 +914,8 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 		char *line_end, *mark_end;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct object *object;
+		struct commit *commit;
+		enum object_type type;
 
 		line_end = strchr(line, '\n');
 		if (line[0] != ':' || !line_end)
@@ -602,54 +924,80 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &mark_end, 10);
 		if (!mark || mark_end == line + 1
-			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1(mark_end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(mark_end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 
-		object = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!object)
-			die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (last_idnum < mark)
+			last_idnum = mark;
+
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			die("object not found: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			/* only commits */
+			continue;
+
+		commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die("not a commit? can't happen: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		object = &commit->object;
 
 		if (object->flags & SHOWN)
-			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1);
+			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 		mark_object(object, mark);
-		if (last_idnum < mark)
-			last_idnum = mark;
 
 		object->flags |= SHOWN;
 	}
 	fclose(f);
 }
 
+static void handle_deletes(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < refspecs_nr; i++) {
+		struct refspec *refspec = &refspecs[i];
+		if (*refspec->src)
+			continue;
+
+		printf("reset %s\nfrom %s\n\n",
+				refspec->dst, sha1_to_hex(null_sha1));
+	}
+}
+
 int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct object_array commits = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	char *export_filename = NULL, *import_filename = NULL;
+	uint32_t lastimportid;
+	struct string_list refspecs_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "progress", &progress,
-			    "show progress after <n> objects"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "signed-tags", &signed_tag_mode, "mode",
-			     "select handling of signed tags",
+			    N_("show progress after <n> objects")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "signed-tags", &signed_tag_mode, N_("mode"),
+			     N_("select handling of signed tags"),
 			     parse_opt_signed_tag_mode),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "tag-of-filtered-object", &tag_of_filtered_mode, "mode",
-			     "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects",
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "tag-of-filtered-object", &tag_of_filtered_mode, N_("mode"),
+			     N_("select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"),
 			     parse_opt_tag_of_filtered_mode),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "export-marks", &export_filename, "file",
-			     "Dump marks to this file"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, "file",
-			     "Import marks from this file"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
-			     "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			     "Output full tree for each commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
-			     "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"),
-		{ OPTION_NEGBIT, 0, "data", &no_data, NULL,
-			"Skip output of blob data",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP, NULL, 1 },
+		OPT_STRING(0, "export-marks", &export_filename, N_("file"),
+			     N_("Dump marks to this file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, N_("file"),
+			     N_("Import marks from this file")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
+			 N_("Fake a tagger when tags lack one")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			 N_("Output full tree for each commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
+			     N_("Use the done feature to terminate the stream")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-data", &no_data, N_("Skip output of blob data")),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "refspec", &refspecs_list, N_("refspec"),
+			     N_("Apply refspec to exported refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "anonymize", &anonymize, N_("anonymize output")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -663,21 +1011,38 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	revs.topo_order = 1;
 	revs.show_source = 1;
 	revs.rewrite_parents = 1;
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, fast_export_usage,
+			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN);
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, fast_export_usage, 0);
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage_with_options (fast_export_usage, options);
 
+	if (refspecs_list.nr) {
+		const char **refspecs_str;
+		int i;
+
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(refspecs_str, refspecs_list.nr);
+		for (i = 0; i < refspecs_list.nr; i++)
+			refspecs_str[i] = refspecs_list.items[i].string;
+
+		refspecs_nr = refspecs_list.nr;
+		refspecs = parse_fetch_refspec(refspecs_nr, refspecs_str);
+
+		string_list_clear(&refspecs_list, 1);
+		free(refspecs_str);
+	}
+
 	if (use_done_feature)
 		printf("feature done\n");
 
 	if (import_filename)
 		import_marks(import_filename);
+	lastimportid = last_idnum;
 
 	if (import_filename && revs.prune_data.nr)
 		full_tree = 1;
 
-	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.pending, &extra_refs);
+	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.cmdline);
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
@@ -693,13 +1058,16 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	handle_tags_and_duplicates(&extra_refs);
+	handle_tags_and_duplicates();
+	handle_deletes();
 
-	if (export_filename)
+	if (export_filename && lastimportid != last_idnum)
 		export_marks(export_filename);
 
 	if (use_done_feature)
 		printf("done\n");
 
+	free_refspec(refspecs_nr, refspecs);
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fetch-pack.c b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
index 6207ecd298..bfd0be44a9 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
@@ -1,1078 +1,221 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "refs.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
-#include "commit.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "pack.h"
-#include "sideband.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
 #include "remote.h"
-#include "run-command.h"
-#include "transport.h"
-
-static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int unpack_limit = 100;
-static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
-static int no_done;
-static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
-static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
-static struct fetch_pack_args args = {
-	/* .uploadpack = */ "git-upload-pack",
-};
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
 
 static const char fetch_pack_usage[] =
-"git fetch-pack [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
-
-#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
-#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
-#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
-#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
-#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
-
-static int marked;
-
-/*
- * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
- * give up traversing our history.
- */
-#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
-
-static struct commit_list *rev_list;
-static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband;
-
-static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
-{
-	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
-		commit->object.flags |= mark;
-
-		if (!(commit->object.parsed))
-			if (parse_commit(commit))
-				return;
-
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
-
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
-			non_common_revs++;
-	}
-}
-
-static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), path, 0);
-
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int clear_marks(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), path, 0);
-
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
-				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
-   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
-   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
-*/
-
-static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
-		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
-{
-	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
-		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
-
-		if (!ancestors_only)
-			o->flags |= COMMON;
-
-		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
-			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
-		else {
-			struct commit_list *parents;
+"git fetch-pack [--all] [--stdin] [--quiet | -q] [--keep | -k] [--thin] "
+"[--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] "
+"[--no-progress] [--diag-url] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
 
-			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
-				non_common_revs--;
-			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
-				if (parse_commit(commit))
-					return;
-
-			for (parents = commit->parents;
-					parents;
-					parents = parents->next)
-				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/*
-  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
-*/
-
-static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
+static void add_sought_entry(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+			     const char *name)
 {
-	struct commit *commit = NULL;
-
-	while (commit == NULL) {
-		unsigned int mark;
-		struct commit_list *parents;
-
-		if (rev_list == NULL || non_common_revs == 0)
-			return NULL;
-
-		commit = rev_list->item;
-		if (!commit->object.parsed)
-			parse_commit(commit);
-		parents = commit->parents;
-
-		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
-			non_common_revs--;
-
-		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
-			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
-			commit = NULL;
-			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
-		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
-			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
-			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
-		else
-			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
-			mark = SEEN;
-
-		while (parents) {
-			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
-				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
-			if (mark & COMMON)
-				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
-			parents = parents->next;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	struct object_id oid;
+
+	if (!get_oid_hex(name, &oid)) {
+		if (name[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ] == ' ') {
+			/* <sha1> <ref>, find refname */
+			name += GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1;
+		} else if (name[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ] == '\0') {
+			; /* <sha1>, leave sha1 as name */
+		} else {
+			/* <ref>, clear cruft from oid */
+			oidclr(&oid);
 		}
-
-		rev_list = rev_list->next;
+	} else {
+		/* <ref>, clear cruft from get_oid_hex */
+		oidclr(&oid);
 	}
 
-	return commit->object.sha1;
+	ref = alloc_ref(name);
+	oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &oid);
+	(*nr)++;
+	ALLOC_GROW(*sought, *nr, *alloc);
+	(*sought)[*nr - 1] = ref;
 }
 
-enum ack_type {
-	NAK = 0,
-	ACK,
-	ACK_continue,
-	ACK_common,
-	ACK_ready
-};
-
-static void consume_shallow_list(int fd)
+int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	if (args.stateless_rpc && args.depth > 0) {
-		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
-		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
-		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
-		 */
-		char line[1000];
-		while (packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line))) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow "))
-				continue;
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow "))
-				continue;
-			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-struct write_shallow_data {
-	struct strbuf *out;
-	int use_pack_protocol;
-	int count;
-};
+	int i, ret;
+	struct ref *ref = NULL;
+	const char *dest = NULL;
+	struct ref **sought = NULL;
+	int nr_sought = 0, alloc_sought = 0;
+	int fd[2];
+	char *pack_lockfile = NULL;
+	char **pack_lockfile_ptr = NULL;
+	struct child_process *conn;
+	struct fetch_pack_args args;
+	struct sha1_array shallow = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
 
-static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
-	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
-	data->count++;
-	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
-		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
-	else {
-		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
-		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
+	packet_trace_identity("fetch-pack");
 
-static int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data data;
-	data.out = out;
-	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
-	data.count = 0;
-	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
-	return data.count;
-}
+	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+	args.uploadpack = "git-upload-pack";
 
-static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
-{
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len = packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line));
+	for (i = 1; i < argc && *argv[i] == '-'; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
-	if (!len)
-		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
-	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
-		return NAK;
-	if (!prefixcmp(line, "ACK ")) {
-		if (!get_sha1_hex(line+4, result_sha1)) {
-			if (strstr(line+45, "continue"))
-				return ACK_continue;
-			if (strstr(line+45, "common"))
-				return ACK_common;
-			if (strstr(line+45, "ready"))
-				return ACK_ready;
-			return ACK;
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
+			args.uploadpack = arg + 14;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
-}
-
-static void send_request(int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
-{
-	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
-		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		packet_flush(fd);
-	} else
-		safe_write(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
-}
-
-static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
-{
-	rev_list_insert_ref(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
-}
-
-static void insert_alternate_refs(void)
-{
-	for_each_alternate_ref(insert_one_alternate_ref, NULL);
-}
-
-#define INITIAL_FLUSH 16
-#define PIPESAFE_FLUSH 32
-#define LARGE_FLUSH 1024
-
-static int next_flush(int count)
-{
-	int flush_limit = args.stateless_rpc ? LARGE_FLUSH : PIPESAFE_FLUSH;
-
-	if (count < flush_limit)
-		count <<= 1;
-	else
-		count += flush_limit;
-	return count;
-}
-
-static int find_common(int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
-		       struct ref *refs)
-{
-	int fetching;
-	int count = 0, flushes = 0, flush_at = INITIAL_FLUSH, retval;
-	const unsigned char *sha1;
-	unsigned in_vain = 0;
-	int got_continue = 0;
-	int got_ready = 0;
-	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	size_t state_len = 0;
-
-	if (args.stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
-		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
-	if (marked)
-		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
-	marked = 1;
-
-	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);
-	insert_alternate_refs();
-
-	fetching = 0;
-	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
-		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_sha1;
-		const char *remote_hex;
-		struct object *o;
-
-		/*
-		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
-		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
-		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
-		 * about.
-		 *
-		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
-		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
-		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
-		 */
-		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
-				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--exec=")) {
+			args.uploadpack = arg + 7;
 			continue;
 		}
-
-		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
-		if (!fetching) {
-			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
-			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
-			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
-			if (no_done)            strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-done");
-			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
-			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
-			if (args.use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
-			if (args.no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
-			if (args.include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
-			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
-			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
-			strbuf_release(&c);
-		} else
-			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
-		fetching++;
-	}
-
-	if (!fetching) {
-		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow())
-		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1);
-	if (args.depth > 0)
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args.depth);
-	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-	state_len = req_buf.len;
-
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		char line[1024];
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-		while (packet_read_line(fd[0], line, sizeof(line))) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
-					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
-				register_shallow(sha1);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow ")) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
-					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
-				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
-					die("object not found: %s", line);
-				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
-				if (!parse_object(sha1))
-					die("error in object: %s", line);
-				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
-					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
-				continue;
-			}
-			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
+		if (!strcmp("--quiet", arg) || !strcmp("-q", arg)) {
+			args.quiet = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	} else if (!args.stateless_rpc)
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-
-	if (!args.stateless_rpc) {
-		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
-		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
-		 */
-		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
-		state_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	flushes = 0;
-	retval = -1;
-	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		in_vain++;
-		if (flush_at <= ++count) {
-			int ack;
-
-			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-			send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
-			flushes++;
-			flush_at = next_flush(count);
-
-			/*
-			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
-			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
-			 */
-			if (!args.stateless_rpc && count == INITIAL_FLUSH)
-				continue;
-
-			consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
-			do {
-				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
-				if (args.verbose && ack)
-					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
-							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-				switch (ack) {
-				case ACK:
-					flushes = 0;
-					multi_ack = 0;
-					retval = 0;
-					goto done;
-				case ACK_common:
-				case ACK_ready:
-				case ACK_continue: {
-					struct commit *commit =
-						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
-					if (!commit)
-						die("invalid commit %s", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-					if (args.stateless_rpc
-					 && ack == ACK_common
-					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
-						/* We need to replay the have for this object
-						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
-						 * it is in common with us.
-						 */
-						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
-						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
-						state_len = req_buf.len;
-					}
-					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
-					retval = 0;
-					in_vain = 0;
-					got_continue = 1;
-					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
-						rev_list = NULL;
-						got_ready = 1;
-					}
-					break;
-					}
-				}
-			} while (ack);
-			flushes--;
-			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
-				if (args.verbose)
-					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
-				break; /* give up */
-			}
+		if (!strcmp("--keep", arg) || !strcmp("-k", arg)) {
+			args.lock_pack = args.keep_pack;
+			args.keep_pack = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-done:
-	if (!got_ready || !no_done) {
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-	}
-	if (args.verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
-	if (retval != 0) {
-		multi_ack = 0;
-		flushes++;
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-
-	consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
-	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
-		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
-		if (ack) {
-			if (args.verbose)
-				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
-					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-			if (ack == ACK)
-				return 0;
-			multi_ack = 1;
+		if (!strcmp("--thin", arg)) {
+			args.use_thin_pack = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		flushes--;
-	}
-	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
-	return count ? retval : 0;
-}
-
-static struct commit_list *complete;
-
-static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-
-	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
-		if (!t->tagged)
-			break; /* broken repository */
-		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
-		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
-	}
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+		if (!strcmp("--include-tag", arg)) {
+			args.include_tag = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void mark_recent_complete_commits(unsigned long cutoff)
-{
-	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(complete->item->object.sha1));
-		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
-	}
-}
-
-static void filter_refs(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
-{
-	struct ref **return_refs;
-	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
-	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
-	struct ref *ref, *next;
-	struct ref *fastarray[32];
-
-	if (nr_match && !args.fetch_all) {
-		if (ARRAY_SIZE(fastarray) < nr_match)
-			return_refs = xcalloc(nr_match, sizeof(struct ref *));
-		else {
-			return_refs = fastarray;
-			memset(return_refs, 0, sizeof(struct ref *) * nr_match);
+		if (!strcmp("--all", arg)) {
+			args.fetch_all = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-	else
-		return_refs = NULL;
-
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
-		next = ref->next;
-		if (!memcmp(ref->name, "refs/", 5) &&
-		    check_refname_format(ref->name + 5, 0))
-			; /* trash */
-		else if (args.fetch_all &&
-			 (!args.depth || prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/") )) {
-			*newtail = ref;
-			ref->next = NULL;
-			newtail = &ref->next;
+		if (!strcmp("--stdin", arg)) {
+			args.stdin_refs = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		else {
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < nr_match; i++) {
-				if (!strcmp(ref->name, match[i])) {
-					match[i][0] = '\0';
-					return_refs[i] = ref;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			if (i < nr_match)
-				continue; /* we will link it later */
+		if (!strcmp("--diag-url", arg)) {
+			args.diag_url = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-		free(ref);
-	}
-
-	if (!args.fetch_all) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < nr_match; i++) {
-			ref = return_refs[i];
-			if (ref) {
-				*newtail = ref;
-				ref->next = NULL;
-				newtail = &ref->next;
-			}
+		if (!strcmp("-v", arg)) {
+			args.verbose = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-		if (return_refs != fastarray)
-			free(return_refs);
-	}
-	*refs = newlist;
-}
-
-static int everything_local(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
-{
-	struct ref *ref;
-	int retval;
-	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
-
-	save_commit_buffer = 0;
-
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct object *o;
-
-		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
-		if (!o)
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--depth=")) {
+			args.depth = strtol(arg + 8, NULL, 0);
 			continue;
-
-		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
-		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
-		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
-		 */
-		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
-			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
-				cutoff = commit->date;
 		}
-	}
-
-	if (!args.depth) {
-		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
-		if (cutoff)
-			mark_recent_complete_commits(cutoff);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
-	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
-	 */
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_sha1),
-					     NULL, 0);
-
-		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
+		if (!strcmp("--no-progress", arg)) {
+			args.no_progress = 1;
 			continue;
-
-		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
-			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
-
-			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
 		}
-	}
-
-	filter_refs(refs, nr_match, match);
-
-	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
-		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
-		unsigned char local[20];
-		struct object *o;
-
-		o = lookup_object(remote);
-		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			retval = 0;
-			if (!args.verbose)
-				continue;
-			fprintf(stderr,
-				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
-				ref->name);
+		if (!strcmp("--stateless-rpc", arg)) {
+			args.stateless_rpc = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-
-		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, local);
-		if (!args.verbose)
+		if (!strcmp("--lock-pack", arg)) {
+			args.lock_pack = 1;
+			pack_lockfile_ptr = &pack_lockfile;
 			continue;
-		fprintf(stderr,
-			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
-			ref->name);
-	}
-	return retval;
-}
-
-static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	int *xd = data;
-
-	int ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], out);
-	close(out);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int get_pack(int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct async demux;
-	const char *argv[20];
-	char keep_arg[256];
-	char hdr_arg[256];
-	const char **av;
-	int do_keep = args.keep_pack;
-	struct child_process cmd;
-
-	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
-	if (use_sideband) {
-		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
-		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
-		 * through demux->out.
-		 */
-		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
-		demux.data = xd;
-		demux.out = -1;
-		if (start_async(&demux))
-			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
-			    " demultiplexer");
-	}
-	else
-		demux.out = xd[0];
-
-	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
-	cmd.argv = argv;
-	av = argv;
-	*hdr_arg = 0;
-	if (!args.keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
-		struct pack_header header;
-
-		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
-			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
-		snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
-			 "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
-			 ntohl(header.hdr_version), ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
-		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
-			do_keep = 0;
-		else
-			do_keep = 1;
-	}
-
-	if (do_keep) {
-		if (pack_lockfile)
-			cmd.out = -1;
-		*av++ = "index-pack";
-		*av++ = "--stdin";
-		if (!args.quiet && !args.no_progress)
-			*av++ = "-v";
-		if (args.use_thin_pack)
-			*av++ = "--fix-thin";
-		if (args.lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
-			int s = sprintf(keep_arg,
-					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
-			if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
-				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
-			*av++ = keep_arg;
 		}
-	}
-	else {
-		*av++ = "unpack-objects";
-		if (args.quiet)
-			*av++ = "-q";
-	}
-	if (*hdr_arg)
-		*av++ = hdr_arg;
-	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
-	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
-	    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
-	    ? transfer_fsck_objects
-	    : 0)
-		*av++ = "--strict";
-	*av++ = NULL;
-
-	cmd.in = demux.out;
-	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&cmd))
-		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", argv[0]);
-	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
-		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
-		close(cmd.out);
-	}
-
-	if (finish_command(&cmd))
-		die("%s failed", argv[0]);
-	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
-		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(int fd[2],
-		const struct ref *orig_ref,
-		int nr_match,
-		char **match,
-		char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
-		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
-	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
-		multi_ack = 2;
-		if (server_supports("no-done")) {
-			if (args.verbose)
-				fprintf(stderr, "Server supports no-done\n");
-			if (args.stateless_rpc)
-				no_done = 1;
+		if (!strcmp("--check-self-contained-and-connected", arg)) {
+			args.check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
-		multi_ack = 1;
-	}
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
-		use_sideband = 2;
-	}
-	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
-		use_sideband = 1;
-	}
-	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
-	} else
-		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
-	if (everything_local(&ref, nr_match, match)) {
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		goto all_done;
-	}
-	if (find_common(fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
-		if (!args.keep_pack)
-			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
-			 * no common commit.
-			 */
-			warning("no common commits");
-
-	if (args.stateless_rpc)
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-	if (get_pack(fd, pack_lockfile))
-		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
-
- all_done:
-	return ref;
-}
-
-static int remove_duplicates(int nr_heads, char **heads)
-{
-	int src, dst;
-
-	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr_heads; src++) {
-		/* If heads[src] is different from any of
-		 * heads[0..dst], push it in.
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < dst; i++) {
-			if (!strcmp(heads[i], heads[src]))
-				break;
+		if (!strcmp("--cloning", arg)) {
+			args.cloning = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-		if (i < dst)
+		if (!strcmp("--update-shallow", arg)) {
+			args.update_shallow = 1;
 			continue;
-		if (src != dst)
-			heads[dst] = heads[src];
-		dst++;
-	}
-	return dst;
-}
-
-static int fetch_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (strcmp(var, "fetch.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		fetch_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset") == 0) {
-		prefer_ofs_delta = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.fsckobjects")) {
-		fetch_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "transfer.fsckobjects")) {
-		transfer_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
+		}
+		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 	}
 
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-}
-
-static struct lock_file lock;
-
-static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
-{
-	static int did_setup;
-	if (did_setup)
-		return;
-	git_config(fetch_pack_config, NULL);
-	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
-	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
-	did_setup = 1;
-}
-
-int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	int i, ret, nr_heads;
-	struct ref *ref = NULL;
-	char *dest = NULL, **heads;
-	int fd[2];
-	char *pack_lockfile = NULL;
-	char **pack_lockfile_ptr = NULL;
-	struct child_process *conn;
-
-	packet_trace_identity("fetch-pack");
-
-	nr_heads = 0;
-	heads = NULL;
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *arg = argv[i];
+	if (i < argc)
+		dest = argv[i++];
+	else
+		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 
-		if (*arg == '-') {
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
-				args.uploadpack = arg + 14;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
-				args.uploadpack = arg + 7;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--quiet", arg) || !strcmp("-q", arg)) {
-				args.quiet = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--keep", arg) || !strcmp("-k", arg)) {
-				args.lock_pack = args.keep_pack;
-				args.keep_pack = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--thin", arg)) {
-				args.use_thin_pack = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--include-tag", arg)) {
-				args.include_tag = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--all", arg)) {
-				args.fetch_all = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("-v", arg)) {
-				args.verbose = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--depth=")) {
-				args.depth = strtol(arg + 8, NULL, 0);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--no-progress", arg)) {
-				args.no_progress = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--stateless-rpc", arg)) {
-				args.stateless_rpc = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--lock-pack", arg)) {
-				args.lock_pack = 1;
-				pack_lockfile_ptr = &pack_lockfile;
-				continue;
+	/*
+	 * Copy refs from cmdline to growable list, then append any
+	 * refs from the standard input:
+	 */
+	for (; i < argc; i++)
+		add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, argv[i]);
+	if (args.stdin_refs) {
+		if (args.stateless_rpc) {
+			/* in stateless RPC mode we use pkt-line to read
+			 * from stdin, until we get a flush packet
+			 */
+			for (;;) {
+				char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+				if (!line)
+					break;
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought,  &alloc_sought, line);
 			}
-			usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 		}
-		dest = (char *)arg;
-		heads = (char **)(argv + i + 1);
-		nr_heads = argc - i - 1;
-		break;
+		else {
+			/* read from stdin one ref per line, until EOF */
+			struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+			while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, stdin) != EOF)
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, line.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&line);
+		}
 	}
-	if (!dest)
-		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 
 	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
 		conn = NULL;
 		fd[0] = 0;
 		fd[1] = 1;
 	} else {
-		conn = git_connect(fd, (char *)dest, args.uploadpack,
-				   args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
-	}
-
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &ref, 0, NULL);
-
-	ref = fetch_pack(&args, fd, conn, ref, dest,
-		nr_heads, heads, pack_lockfile_ptr);
+		int flags = args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0;
+		if (args.diag_url)
+			flags |= CONNECT_DIAG_URL;
+		conn = git_connect(fd, dest, args.uploadpack,
+				   flags);
+		if (!conn)
+			return args.diag_url ? 0 : 1;
+	}
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &ref, 0, NULL, &shallow);
+
+	ref = fetch_pack(&args, fd, conn, ref, dest, sought, nr_sought,
+			 &shallow, pack_lockfile_ptr);
 	if (pack_lockfile) {
 		printf("lock %s\n", pack_lockfile);
 		fflush(stdout);
 	}
+	if (args.check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+	    args.self_contained_and_connected) {
+		printf("connectivity-ok\n");
+		fflush(stdout);
+	}
 	close(fd[0]);
 	close(fd[1]);
 	if (finish_connect(conn))
-		ref = NULL;
+		return 1;
+
 	ret = !ref;
 
-	if (!ret && nr_heads) {
-		/* If the heads to pull were given, we should have
-		 * consumed all of them by matching the remote.
-		 * Otherwise, 'git fetch remote no-such-ref' would
-		 * silently succeed without issuing an error.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-			if (heads[i] && heads[i][0]) {
-				error("no such remote ref %s", heads[i]);
-				ret = 1;
-			}
+	/*
+	 * If the heads to pull were given, we should have consumed
+	 * all of them by matching the remote.  Otherwise, 'git fetch
+	 * remote no-such-ref' would silently succeed without issuing
+	 * an error.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+		if (!sought[i] || sought[i]->matched)
+			continue;
+		error("no such remote ref %s", sought[i]->name);
+		ret = 1;
 	}
+
 	while (ref) {
 		printf("%s %s\n",
-		       sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
+		       oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid), ref->name);
 		ref = ref->next;
 	}
 
 	return ret;
 }
-
-struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *my_args,
-		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-		       const struct ref *ref,
-		const char *dest,
-		int nr_heads,
-		char **heads,
-		char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct stat st;
-	struct ref *ref_cpy;
-
-	fetch_pack_setup();
-	if (&args != my_args)
-		memcpy(&args, my_args, sizeof(args));
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
-			st.st_mtime = 0;
-	}
-
-	if (heads && nr_heads)
-		nr_heads = remove_duplicates(nr_heads, heads);
-	if (!ref) {
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		die("no matching remote head");
-	}
-	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(fd, ref, nr_heads, heads, pack_lockfile);
-
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		struct cache_time mtime;
-		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-		char *shallow = git_path("shallow");
-		int fd;
-
-		mtime.sec = st.st_mtime;
-		mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
-		if (stat(shallow, &st)) {
-			if (mtime.sec)
-				die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
-		} else if (st.st_mtime != mtime.sec
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-				|| ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != mtime.nsec
-#endif
-			  )
-			die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
-
-		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, shallow,
-					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-		if (!write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)
-		 || write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len) {
-			unlink_or_warn(shallow);
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		} else {
-			commit_lock_file(&lock);
-		}
-		strbuf_release(&sb);
-	}
-
-	reprepare_packed_git();
-	return ref_cpy;
-}
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 33ad3aad2c..f896aa1f88 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
-#include "transport.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = {
-	"git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]",
-	"git fetch [<options>] <group>",
-	"git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]",
-	"git fetch --all [<options>]",
+	N_("git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
+	N_("git fetch [<options>] <group>"),
+	N_("git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"),
+	N_("git fetch --all [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -29,15 +30,25 @@ enum {
 	TAGS_SET = 2
 };
 
-static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, prune, update_head_ok, verbosity;
-static int progress, recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
-static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT;
+static int fetch_prune_config = -1; /* unspecified */
+static int prune = -1; /* unspecified */
+#define PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune by default? */
+
+static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, update_head_ok, verbosity;
+static int progress = -1, recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
+static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT, unshallow, update_shallow;
+static int max_children = -1;
+static enum transport_family family;
 static const char *depth;
 static const char *upload_pack;
 static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
-static struct transport *transport;
+static struct transport *gtransport;
+static struct transport *gsecondary;
 static const char *submodule_prefix = "";
 static const char *recurse_submodules_default;
+static int shown_url = 0;
+static int refmap_alloc, refmap_nr;
+static const char **refmap_array;
 
 static int option_parse_recurse_submodules(const struct option *opt,
 				   const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -53,46 +64,83 @@ static int option_parse_recurse_submodules(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int git_fetch_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.prune")) {
+		fetch_prune_config = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
+}
+
+static int parse_refmap_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(refmap_array, refmap_nr + 1, refmap_alloc);
+
+	/*
+	 * "git fetch --refmap='' origin foo"
+	 * can be used to tell the command not to store anywhere
+	 */
+	if (*arg)
+		refmap_array[refmap_nr++] = arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all,
-		    "fetch from all remotes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "append", &append,
-		    "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, "path",
-		   "path to upload pack on remote end"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&force, "force overwrite of local branch"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "multiple", &multiple,
-		    "fetch from multiple remotes"),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all,
+		 N_("fetch from all remotes")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "append", &append,
+		 N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, N_("path"),
+		   N_("path to upload pack on remote end")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of local branch")),
+	OPT_BOOL('m', "multiple", &multiple,
+		 N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
 	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
-		    "fetch all tags and associated objects", TAGS_SET),
+		    N_("fetch all tags and associated objects"), TAGS_SET),
 	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
-		    "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-		    "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"),
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL, "on-demand",
-		    "control recursive fetching of submodules",
+		    N_("do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
+	OPT_INTEGER('j', "jobs", &max_children,
+		    N_("number of submodules fetched in parallel")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+		 N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL, N_("on-demand"),
+		    N_("control recursive fetching of submodules"),
 		    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
-		    "dry run"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, "keep downloaded pack"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
-		    "allow updating of HEAD ref"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "progress", &progress, "force progress reporting"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, "depth",
-		   "deepen history of shallow clone"),
-	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, "dir",
-		   "prepend this to submodule path output", PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
+		 N_("dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOL('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
+		    N_("allow updating of HEAD ref")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("depth"),
+		   N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "unshallow", &unshallow, NULL,
+		   N_("convert to a complete repository"),
+		   PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1 },
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, N_("dir"),
+		   N_("prepend this to submodule path output"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "recurse-submodules-default",
 		   &recurse_submodules_default, NULL,
-		   "default mode for recursion", PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		   N_("default mode for recursion"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "update-shallow", &update_shallow,
+		 N_("accept refs that update .git/shallow")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "refmap", NULL, N_("refmap"),
+	  N_("specify fetch refmap"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, parse_refmap_arg },
+	OPT_SET_INT('4', "ipv4", &family, N_("use IPv4 addresses only"),
+			TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4),
+	OPT_SET_INT('6', "ipv6", &family, N_("use IPv6 addresses only"),
+			TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
 static void unlock_pack(void)
 {
-	if (transport)
-		transport_unlock_pack(transport);
+	if (gtransport)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gtransport);
+	if (gsecondary)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gsecondary);
 }
 
 static void unlock_pack_on_signal(int signo)
@@ -115,7 +163,7 @@ static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
 
 		for (rm = *head; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			if (branch_merge_matches(branch, i, rm->name)) {
-				rm->merge = 1;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -136,36 +184,174 @@ static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
 		refspec.src = branch->merge[i]->src;
 		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, tail, 1);
 		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	}
+}
+
+static int add_existing(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			int flag, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
+	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(list, refname);
+	struct object_id *old_oid = xmalloc(sizeof(*old_oid));
+
+	oidcpy(old_oid, oid);
+	item->util = old_oid;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int will_fetch(struct ref **head, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct ref *rm = *head;
+	while (rm) {
+		if (!hashcmp(rm->old_oid.hash, sha1))
+			return 1;
+		rm = rm->next;
 	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
 			struct ref **head,
-			struct ref ***tail);
+			struct ref ***tail)
+{
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list remote_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
+
+	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
+	for (ref = transport_get_remote_refs(transport); ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * The peeled ref always follows the matching base
+		 * ref, so if we see a peeled ref that we don't want
+		 * to fetch then we can mark the ref entry in the list
+		 * as one to ignore by setting util to NULL.
+		 */
+		if (ends_with(ref->name, "^{}")) {
+			if (item && !has_object_file(&ref->old_oid) &&
+			    !will_fetch(head, ref->old_oid.hash) &&
+			    !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+			    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+				item->util = NULL;
+			item = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If item is non-NULL here, then we previously saw a
+		 * ref not followed by a peeled reference, so we need
+		 * to check if it is a lightweight tag that we want to
+		 * fetch.
+		 */
+		if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+		    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+			item->util = NULL;
+
+		item = NULL;
+
+		/* skip duplicates and refs that we already have */
+		if (string_list_has_string(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
+		    string_list_has_string(&existing_refs, ref->name))
+			continue;
+
+		item = string_list_insert(&remote_refs, ref->name);
+		item->util = (void *)&ref->old_oid;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
+	 * checked to see if it needs fetching.
+	 */
+	if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+	    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+		item->util = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs string list,
+	 * add them to the list of refs to be fetched
+	 */
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &remote_refs) {
+		/* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
+		if (item->util)
+		{
+			struct ref *rm = alloc_ref(item->string);
+			rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->string);
+			oidcpy(&rm->old_oid, item->util);
+			**tail = rm;
+			*tail = &rm->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&remote_refs, 0);
+}
 
 static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
-			       struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, int tags,
-			       int *autotags)
+			       struct refspec *refspecs, int refspec_count,
+			       int tags, int *autotags)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	struct ref *ref_map = NULL;
 	struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
 
+	/* opportunistically-updated references: */
+	struct ref *orefs = NULL, **oref_tail = &orefs;
+
 	const struct ref *remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
 
-	if (ref_count || tags == TAGS_SET) {
-		for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
-			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refs[i], &tail, 0);
-			if (refs[i].dst && refs[i].dst[0])
+	if (refspec_count) {
+		struct refspec *fetch_refspec;
+		int fetch_refspec_nr;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < refspec_count; i++) {
+			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspecs[i], &tail, 0);
+			if (refspecs[i].dst && refspecs[i].dst[0])
 				*autotags = 1;
 		}
-		/* Merge everything on the command line, but not --tags */
+		/* Merge everything on the command line (but not --tags) */
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+
+		/*
+		 * For any refs that we happen to be fetching via
+		 * command-line arguments, the destination ref might
+		 * have been missing or have been different than the
+		 * remote-tracking ref that would be derived from the
+		 * configured refspec.  In these cases, we want to
+		 * take the opportunity to update their configured
+		 * remote-tracking reference.  However, we do not want
+		 * to mention these entries in FETCH_HEAD at all, as
+		 * they would simply be duplicates of existing
+		 * entries, so we set them FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE below.
+		 *
+		 * We compute these entries now, based only on the
+		 * refspecs specified on the command line.  But we add
+		 * them to the list following the refspecs resulting
+		 * from the tags option so that one of the latter,
+		 * which has FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE, is not removed
+		 * by ref_remove_duplicates() in favor of one of these
+		 * opportunistic entries with FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE.
+		 */
+		if (refmap_array) {
+			fetch_refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(refmap_nr, refmap_array);
+			fetch_refspec_nr = refmap_nr;
+		} else {
+			fetch_refspec = transport->remote->fetch;
+			fetch_refspec_nr = transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
+			get_fetch_map(ref_map, &fetch_refspec[i], &oref_tail, 1);
+
 		if (tags == TAGS_SET)
 			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+	} else if (refmap_array) {
+		die("--refmap option is only meaningful with command-line refspec(s).");
 	} else {
 		/* Use the defaults */
 		struct remote *remote = transport->remote;
@@ -182,7 +368,7 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 					*autotags = 1;
 				if (!i && !has_merge && ref_map &&
 				    !remote->fetch[0].pattern)
-					ref_map->merge = 1;
+					ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			}
 			/*
 			 * if the remote we're fetching from is the same
@@ -198,15 +384,25 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, "HEAD");
 			if (!ref_map)
 				die(_("Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"));
-			ref_map->merge = 1;
+			ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			tail = &ref_map->next;
 		}
 	}
-	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && *autotags)
+
+	if (tags == TAGS_SET)
+		/* also fetch all tags */
+		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+	else if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && *autotags)
 		find_non_local_tags(transport, &ref_map, &tail);
-	ref_remove_duplicates(ref_map);
 
-	return ref_map;
+	/* Now append any refs to be updated opportunistically: */
+	*tail = orefs;
+	for (rm = orefs; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+		rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+		tail = &rm->next;
+	}
+
+	return ref_remove_duplicates(ref_map);
 }
 
 #define STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER 1
@@ -218,28 +414,46 @@ static int s_update_ref(const char *action,
 {
 	char msg[1024];
 	char *rla = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
-	static struct ref_lock *lock;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret, df_conflict = 0;
 
 	if (dry_run)
 		return 0;
 	if (!rla)
 		rla = default_rla.buf;
 	snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s: %s", rla, action);
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref->name,
-				       check_old ? ref->old_sha1 : NULL, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		return errno == ENOTDIR ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT :
-					  STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, ref->new_sha1, msg) < 0)
-		return errno == ENOTDIR ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT :
-					  STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref->name,
+				   ref->new_oid.hash,
+				   check_old ? ref->old_oid.hash : NULL,
+				   0, msg, &err))
+		goto fail;
+
+	ret = ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err);
+	if (ret) {
+		df_conflict = (ret == TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT);
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	return 0;
+fail:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	error("%s", err.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	return df_conflict ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT
+			   : STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
 }
 
 #define REFCOL_WIDTH  10
 
 static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 			    const char *remote,
+			    const struct ref *remote_ref,
 			    struct strbuf *display)
 {
 	struct commit *current = NULL, *updated;
@@ -247,108 +461,117 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 	struct branch *current_branch = branch_get(NULL);
 	const char *pretty_ref = prettify_refname(ref->name);
 
-	type = sha1_object_info(ref->new_sha1, NULL);
+	type = sha1_object_info(ref->new_oid.hash, NULL);
 	if (type < 0)
-		die(_("object %s not found"), sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1));
+		die(_("object %s not found"), oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid));
 
-	if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->new_sha1)) {
+	if (!oidcmp(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid)) {
 		if (verbosity > 0)
 			strbuf_addf(display, "= %-*s %-*s -> %s",
-				    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH,
-				    _("[up to date]"), REFCOL_WIDTH,
-				    remote, pretty_ref);
+				    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[up to date]")),
+				    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (current_branch &&
 	    !strcmp(ref->name, current_branch->name) &&
 	    !(update_head_ok || is_bare_repository()) &&
-	    !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
+	    !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid)) {
 		/*
 		 * If this is the head, and it's not okay to update
 		 * the head, and the old value of the head isn't empty...
 		 */
 		strbuf_addf(display,
 			    _("! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"),
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[rejected]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[rejected]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	if (!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
-	    !prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+	if (!is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid) &&
+	    starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
 		int r;
 		r = s_update_ref("updating tag", ref, 0);
 		strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s",
 			    r ? '!' : '-',
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[tag update]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[tag update]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    r ? _("  (unable to update local ref)") : "");
 		return r;
 	}
 
-	current = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_sha1, 1);
-	updated = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1);
+	current = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_oid.hash, 1);
+	updated = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_oid.hash, 1);
 	if (!current || !updated) {
 		const char *msg;
 		const char *what;
 		int r;
-		if (!strncmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/", 10)) {
+		/*
+		 * Nicely describe the new ref we're fetching.
+		 * Base this on the remote's ref name, as it's
+		 * more likely to follow a standard layout.
+		 */
+		const char *name = remote_ref ? remote_ref->name : "";
+		if (starts_with(name, "refs/tags/")) {
 			msg = "storing tag";
 			what = _("[new tag]");
-		}
-		else {
+		} else if (starts_with(name, "refs/heads/")) {
 			msg = "storing head";
 			what = _("[new branch]");
-			if ((recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) &&
-			    (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON))
-				check_for_new_submodule_commits(ref->new_sha1);
+		} else {
+			msg = "storing ref";
+			what = _("[new ref]");
 		}
 
+		if ((recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) &&
+		    (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON))
+			check_for_new_submodule_commits(ref->new_oid.hash);
 		r = s_update_ref(msg, ref, 0);
 		strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s",
 			    r ? '!' : '*',
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, what,
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(what),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    r ? _("  (unable to update local ref)") : "");
 		return r;
 	}
 
-	if (in_merge_bases(current, &updated, 1)) {
-		char quickref[83];
+	if (in_merge_bases(current, updated)) {
+		struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int r;
-		strcpy(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-		strcat(quickref, "..");
-		strcat(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(ref->new_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, current->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "..");
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, ref->new_oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 		if ((recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) &&
 		    (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON))
-			check_for_new_submodule_commits(ref->new_sha1);
+			check_for_new_submodule_commits(ref->new_oid.hash);
 		r = s_update_ref("fast-forward", ref, 1);
 		strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s",
 			    r ? '!' : ' ',
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, quickref,
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, quickref.buf,
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    r ? _("  (unable to update local ref)") : "");
+		strbuf_release(&quickref);
 		return r;
 	} else if (force || ref->force) {
-		char quickref[84];
+		struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int r;
-		strcpy(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-		strcat(quickref, "...");
-		strcat(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(ref->new_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, current->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "...");
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, ref->new_oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 		if ((recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) &&
 		    (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON))
-			check_for_new_submodule_commits(ref->new_sha1);
+			check_for_new_submodule_commits(ref->new_oid.hash);
 		r = s_update_ref("forced-update", ref, 1);
 		strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s  (%s)",
 			    r ? '!' : '+',
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, quickref,
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, quickref.buf,
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    r ? _("unable to update local ref") : _("forced update"));
+		strbuf_release(&quickref);
 		return r;
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addf(display, "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  %s",
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[rejected]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[rejected]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    _("(non-fast-forward)"));
 		return 1;
@@ -360,10 +583,12 @@ static int iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
 	struct ref **rm = cb_data;
 	struct ref *ref = *rm;
 
+	while (ref && ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW)
+		ref = ref->next;
 	if (!ref)
 		return -1; /* end of the list */
 	*rm = ref->next;
-	hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_sha1);
+	hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_oid.hash);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -372,15 +597,17 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 {
 	FILE *fp;
 	struct commit *commit;
-	int url_len, i, shown_url = 0, rc = 0;
+	int url_len, i, rc = 0;
 	struct strbuf note = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *what, *kind;
 	struct ref *rm;
-	char *url, *filename = dry_run ? "/dev/null" : git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
+	char *url;
+	const char *filename = dry_run ? "/dev/null" : git_path_fetch_head();
+	int want_status;
 
 	fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 	if (!fp)
-		return error(_("cannot open %s: %s\n"), filename, strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno(_("cannot open %s"), filename);
 
 	if (raw_url)
 		url = transport_anonymize_url(raw_url);
@@ -393,84 +620,114 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 		goto abort;
 	}
 
-	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
-		struct ref *ref = NULL;
+	/*
+	 * We do a pass for each fetch_head_status type in their enum order, so
+	 * merged entries are written before not-for-merge. That lets readers
+	 * use FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
+	 */
+	for (want_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	     want_status <= FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+	     want_status++) {
+		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+			struct ref *ref = NULL;
+			const char *merge_status_marker = "";
+
+			if (rm->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW) {
+				if (want_status == FETCH_HEAD_MERGE)
+					warning(_("reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"),
+						rm->peer_ref ? rm->peer_ref->name : rm->name);
+				continue;
+			}
 
-		if (rm->peer_ref) {
-			ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + strlen(rm->peer_ref->name) + 1);
-			strcpy(ref->name, rm->peer_ref->name);
-			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, rm->peer_ref->old_sha1);
-			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, rm->old_sha1);
-			ref->force = rm->peer_ref->force;
-		}
+			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rm->old_oid.hash, 1);
+			if (!commit)
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE;
 
-		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rm->old_sha1, 1);
-		if (!commit)
-			rm->merge = 0;
+			if (rm->fetch_head_status != want_status)
+				continue;
 
-		if (!strcmp(rm->name, "HEAD")) {
-			kind = "";
-			what = "";
-		}
-		else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/heads/")) {
-			kind = "branch";
-			what = rm->name + 11;
-		}
-		else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/tags/")) {
-			kind = "tag";
-			what = rm->name + 10;
-		}
-		else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/remotes/")) {
-			kind = "remote-tracking branch";
-			what = rm->name + 13;
-		}
-		else {
-			kind = "";
-			what = rm->name;
-		}
+			if (rm->peer_ref) {
+				ref = alloc_ref(rm->peer_ref->name);
+				oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &rm->peer_ref->old_oid);
+				oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, &rm->old_oid);
+				ref->force = rm->peer_ref->force;
+			}
 
-		url_len = strlen(url);
-		for (i = url_len - 1; url[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
-			;
-		url_len = i + 1;
-		if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", url + i - 3, 4))
-			url_len = i - 3;
-
-		strbuf_reset(&note);
-		if (*what) {
-			if (*kind)
-				strbuf_addf(&note, "%s ", kind);
-			strbuf_addf(&note, "'%s' of ", what);
-		}
-		fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
-			sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
-			rm->merge ? "" : "not-for-merge",
-			note.buf);
-		for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
-			if ('\n' == url[i])
-				fputs("\\n", fp);
-			else
-				fputc(url[i], fp);
-		fputc('\n', fp);
-
-		strbuf_reset(&note);
-		if (ref) {
-			rc |= update_local_ref(ref, what, &note);
-			free(ref);
-		} else
-			strbuf_addf(&note, "* %-*s %-*s -> FETCH_HEAD",
-				    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH,
-				    *kind ? kind : "branch",
-				    REFCOL_WIDTH,
-				    *what ? what : "HEAD");
-		if (note.len) {
-			if (verbosity >= 0 && !shown_url) {
-				fprintf(stderr, _("From %.*s\n"),
-						url_len, url);
-				shown_url = 1;
+
+			if (!strcmp(rm->name, "HEAD")) {
+				kind = "";
+				what = "";
+			}
+			else if (starts_with(rm->name, "refs/heads/")) {
+				kind = "branch";
+				what = rm->name + 11;
+			}
+			else if (starts_with(rm->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+				kind = "tag";
+				what = rm->name + 10;
+			}
+			else if (starts_with(rm->name, "refs/remotes/")) {
+				kind = "remote-tracking branch";
+				what = rm->name + 13;
+			}
+			else {
+				kind = "";
+				what = rm->name;
+			}
+
+			url_len = strlen(url);
+			for (i = url_len - 1; url[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
+				;
+			url_len = i + 1;
+			if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", url + i - 3, 4))
+				url_len = i - 3;
+
+			strbuf_reset(&note);
+			if (*what) {
+				if (*kind)
+					strbuf_addf(&note, "%s ", kind);
+				strbuf_addf(&note, "'%s' of ", what);
+			}
+			switch (rm->fetch_head_status) {
+			case FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE:
+				merge_status_marker = "not-for-merge";
+				/* fall-through */
+			case FETCH_HEAD_MERGE:
+				fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
+					oid_to_hex(&rm->old_oid),
+					merge_status_marker,
+					note.buf);
+				for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
+					if ('\n' == url[i])
+						fputs("\\n", fp);
+					else
+						fputc(url[i], fp);
+				fputc('\n', fp);
+				break;
+			default:
+				/* do not write anything to FETCH_HEAD */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			strbuf_reset(&note);
+			if (ref) {
+				rc |= update_local_ref(ref, what, rm, &note);
+				free(ref);
+			} else
+				strbuf_addf(&note, "* %-*s %-*s -> FETCH_HEAD",
+					    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH,
+					    *kind ? kind : "branch",
+					    REFCOL_WIDTH,
+					    *what ? what : "HEAD");
+			if (note.len) {
+				if (verbosity >= 0 && !shown_url) {
+					fprintf(stderr, _("From %.*s\n"),
+							url_len, url);
+					shown_url = 1;
+				}
+				if (verbosity >= 0)
+					fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", note.buf);
 			}
-			if (verbosity >= 0)
-				fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", note.buf);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -520,125 +777,55 @@ static int fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *ref_map)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int prune_refs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *ref_map)
+static int prune_refs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *ref_map,
+		const char *raw_url)
 {
-	int result = 0;
+	int url_len, i, result = 0;
 	struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = get_stale_heads(refs, ref_count, ref_map);
+	char *url;
 	const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
-		? _("   (%s will become dangling)\n")
-		: _("   (%s has become dangling)\n");
-
-	for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (!dry_run)
-			result |= delete_ref(ref->name, NULL, 0);
-		if (verbosity >= 0) {
-			fprintf(stderr, " x %-*s %-*s -> %s\n",
-				TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[deleted]"),
-				REFCOL_WIDTH, _("(none)"), prettify_refname(ref->name));
-			warn_dangling_symref(stderr, dangling_msg, ref->name);
-		}
-	}
-	free_refs(stale_refs);
-	return result;
-}
+		? _("   (%s will become dangling)")
+		: _("   (%s has become dangling)");
 
-static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			int flag, void *cbdata)
-{
-	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
-	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(list, refname);
-	item->util = (void *)sha1;
-	return 0;
-}
+	if (raw_url)
+		url = transport_anonymize_url(raw_url);
+	else
+		url = xstrdup("foreign");
 
-static int will_fetch(struct ref **head, const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	struct ref *rm = *head;
-	while (rm) {
-		if (!hashcmp(rm->old_sha1, sha1))
-			return 1;
-		rm = rm->next;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
+	url_len = strlen(url);
+	for (i = url_len - 1; url[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
+		;
 
-static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
-			struct ref **head,
-			struct ref ***tail)
-{
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	struct string_list remote_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	const struct ref *ref;
-	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
+	url_len = i + 1;
+	if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", url + i - 3, 4))
+		url_len = i - 3;
 
-	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
-	for (ref = transport_get_remote_refs(transport); ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags"))
-			continue;
+	if (!dry_run) {
+		struct string_list refnames = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
-		/*
-		 * The peeled ref always follows the matching base
-		 * ref, so if we see a peeled ref that we don't want
-		 * to fetch then we can mark the ref entry in the list
-		 * as one to ignore by setting util to NULL.
-		 */
-		if (!suffixcmp(ref->name, "^{}")) {
-			if (item && !has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1) &&
-			    !will_fetch(head, ref->old_sha1) &&
-			    !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
-			    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-				item->util = NULL;
-			item = NULL;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * If item is non-NULL here, then we previously saw a
-		 * ref not followed by a peeled reference, so we need
-		 * to check if it is a lightweight tag that we want to
-		 * fetch.
-		 */
-		if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
-		    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-			item->util = NULL;
-
-		item = NULL;
-
-		/* skip duplicates and refs that we already have */
-		if (string_list_has_string(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
-		    string_list_has_string(&existing_refs, ref->name))
-			continue;
+		for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+			string_list_append(&refnames, ref->name);
 
-		item = string_list_insert(&remote_refs, ref->name);
-		item->util = (void *)ref->old_sha1;
+		result = delete_refs(&refnames);
+		string_list_clear(&refnames, 0);
 	}
-	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 0);
 
-	/*
-	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
-	 * checked to see if it needs fetching.
-	 */
-	if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
-	    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-		item->util = NULL;
-
-	/*
-	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs string list,
-	 * add them to the list of refs to be fetched
-	 */
-	for_each_string_list_item(item, &remote_refs) {
-		/* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
-		if (item->util)
-		{
-			struct ref *rm = alloc_ref(item->string);
-			rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->string);
-			hashcpy(rm->old_sha1, item->util);
-			**tail = rm;
-			*tail = &rm->next;
+	if (verbosity >= 0) {
+		for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+			if (!shown_url) {
+				fprintf(stderr, _("From %.*s\n"), url_len, url);
+				shown_url = 1;
+			}
+			fprintf(stderr, " x %-*s %-*s -> %s\n",
+				TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[deleted]")),
+				REFCOL_WIDTH, _("(none)"), prettify_refname(ref->name));
+			warn_dangling_symref(stderr, dangling_msg, ref->name);
 		}
 	}
 
-	string_list_clear(&remote_refs, 0);
+	free(url);
+	free_refs(stale_refs);
+	return result;
 }
 
 static void check_not_current_branch(struct ref *ref_map)
@@ -657,23 +844,68 @@ static void check_not_current_branch(struct ref *ref_map)
 
 static int truncate_fetch_head(void)
 {
-	char *filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
-	FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "w");
+	const char *filename = git_path_fetch_head();
+	FILE *fp = fopen_for_writing(filename);
 
 	if (!fp)
-		return error(_("cannot open %s: %s\n"), filename, strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno(_("cannot open %s"), filename);
 	fclose(fp);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
+	if (r < 0)
+		die(_("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
+		    name, value, transport->url);
+	if (r > 0)
+		warning(_("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
+			name, transport->url);
+}
+
+static struct transport *prepare_transport(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct transport *transport;
+	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
+	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
+	transport->family = family;
+	if (upload_pack)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
+	if (keep)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	if (depth)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	if (update_shallow)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPDATE_SHALLOW, "yes");
+	return transport;
+}
+
+static void backfill_tags(struct transport *transport, struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	if (transport->cannot_reuse) {
+		gsecondary = prepare_transport(transport->remote);
+		transport = gsecondary;
+	}
+
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
+	fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
+
+	if (gsecondary) {
+		transport_disconnect(gsecondary);
+		gsecondary = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
 static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		    struct refspec *refs, int ref_count)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	struct string_list_item *peer_item = NULL;
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct ref *ref_map;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	int autotags = (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 1);
+	int retcode = 0;
 
 	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
 
@@ -689,9 +921,9 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 
 	/* if not appending, truncate FETCH_HEAD */
 	if (!append && !dry_run) {
-		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
-		if (errcode)
-			return errcode;
+		retcode = truncate_fetch_head();
+		if (retcode)
+			goto cleanup;
 	}
 
 	ref_map = get_ref_map(transport, refs, ref_count, tags, &autotags);
@@ -700,45 +932,38 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 
 	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 		if (rm->peer_ref) {
-			peer_item = string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
-						       rm->peer_ref->name);
-			if (peer_item)
-				hashcpy(rm->peer_ref->old_sha1,
-					peer_item->util);
+			struct string_list_item *peer_item =
+				string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
+						   rm->peer_ref->name);
+			if (peer_item) {
+				struct object_id *old_oid = peer_item->util;
+				oidcpy(&rm->peer_ref->old_oid, old_oid);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && autotags)
 		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
-	if (fetch_refs(transport, ref_map)) {
-		free_refs(ref_map);
-		return 1;
-	}
 	if (prune) {
-		/* If --tags was specified, pretend the user gave us the canonical tags refspec */
-		if (tags == TAGS_SET) {
-			const char *tags_str = "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*";
-			struct refspec *tags_refspec, *refspec;
-
-			/* Copy the refspec and add the tags to it */
-			refspec = xcalloc(ref_count + 1, sizeof(struct refspec));
-			tags_refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(1, &tags_str);
-			memcpy(refspec, refs, ref_count * sizeof(struct refspec));
-			memcpy(&refspec[ref_count], tags_refspec, sizeof(struct refspec));
-			ref_count++;
-
-			prune_refs(refspec, ref_count, ref_map);
-
-			ref_count--;
-			/* The rest of the strings belong to fetch_one */
-			free_refspec(1, tags_refspec);
-			free(refspec);
-		} else if (ref_count) {
-			prune_refs(refs, ref_count, ref_map);
+		/*
+		 * We only prune based on refspecs specified
+		 * explicitly (via command line or configuration); we
+		 * don't care whether --tags was specified.
+		 */
+		if (ref_count) {
+			prune_refs(refs, ref_count, ref_map, transport->url);
 		} else {
-			prune_refs(transport->remote->fetch, transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr, ref_map);
+			prune_refs(transport->remote->fetch,
+				   transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr,
+				   ref_map,
+				   transport->url);
 		}
 	}
+	if (fetch_refs(transport, ref_map)) {
+		free_refs(ref_map);
+		retcode = 1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
 	free_refs(ref_map);
 
 	/* if neither --no-tags nor --tags was specified, do automated tag
@@ -747,26 +972,14 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
 		ref_map = NULL;
 		find_non_local_tags(transport, &ref_map, &tail);
-		if (ref_map) {
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
-			fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
-		}
+		if (ref_map)
+			backfill_tags(transport, ref_map);
 		free_refs(ref_map);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
-{
-	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
-	if (r < 0)
-		die(_("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
-			name, value, transport->url);
-	if (r > 0)
-		warning(_("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
-			name, transport->url);
+ cleanup:
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
+	return retcode;
 }
 
 static int get_one_remote_for_fetch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
@@ -786,17 +999,15 @@ static int get_remote_group(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
 {
 	struct remote_group_data *g = priv;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(key, "remotes.") &&
-			!strcmp(key + 8, g->name)) {
+	if (skip_prefix(key, "remotes.", &key) && !strcmp(key, g->name)) {
 		/* split list by white space */
-		int space = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
 		while (*value) {
-			if (space > 1) {
-				string_list_append(g->list,
-						   xstrndup(value, space));
-			}
-			value += space + (value[space] != '\0');
-			space = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
+			size_t wordlen = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
+
+			if (wordlen >= 1)
+				string_list_append_nodup(g->list,
+						   xstrndup(value, wordlen));
+			value += wordlen + (value[wordlen] != '\0');
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -811,47 +1022,47 @@ static int add_remote_or_group(const char *name, struct string_list *list)
 
 	git_config(get_remote_group, &g);
 	if (list->nr == prev_nr) {
-		struct remote *remote;
-		if (!remote_is_configured(name))
+		struct remote *remote = remote_get(name);
+		if (!remote_is_configured(remote))
 			return 0;
-		remote = remote_get(name);
 		string_list_append(list, remote->name);
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void add_options_to_argv(int *argc, const char **argv)
+static void add_options_to_argv(struct argv_array *argv)
 {
 	if (dry_run)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--dry-run";
-	if (prune)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--prune";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--dry-run");
+	if (prune != -1)
+		argv_array_push(argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
 	if (update_head_ok)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--update-head-ok";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
 	if (force)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--force";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--force");
 	if (keep)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--keep";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--keep");
 	if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--recurse-submodules";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules");
 	else if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--recurse-submodules=on-demand";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
+	if (tags == TAGS_SET)
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--tags");
+	else if (tags == TAGS_UNSET)
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--no-tags");
 	if (verbosity >= 2)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-v";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-v");
 	if (verbosity >= 1)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-v";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-v");
 	else if (verbosity < 0)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-q";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-q");
 
 }
 
 static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list)
 {
 	int i, result = 0;
-	const char *argv[12] = { "fetch", "--append" };
-	int argc = 2;
-
-	add_options_to_argv(&argc, argv);
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	if (!append && !dry_run) {
 		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
@@ -859,24 +1070,27 @@ static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list)
 			return errcode;
 	}
 
+	argv_array_pushl(&argv, "fetch", "--append", NULL);
+	add_options_to_argv(&argv);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
 		const char *name = list->items[i].string;
-		argv[argc] = name;
-		argv[argc + 1] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&argv, name);
 		if (verbosity >= 0)
 			printf(_("Fetching %s\n"), name);
-		if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
+		if (run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
 			error(_("Could not fetch %s"), name);
 			result = 1;
 		}
+		argv_array_pop(&argv);
 	}
 
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 	return result;
 }
 
 static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	int i;
 	static const char **refs = NULL;
 	struct refspec *refspec;
 	int ref_nr = 0;
@@ -886,30 +1100,29 @@ static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 		die(_("No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 		    "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."));
 
-	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
-	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
-	if (upload_pack)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
-	if (keep)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
-	if (depth)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	gtransport = prepare_transport(remote);
+
+	if (prune < 0) {
+		/* no command line request */
+		if (0 <= gtransport->remote->prune)
+			prune = gtransport->remote->prune;
+		else if (0 <= fetch_prune_config)
+			prune = fetch_prune_config;
+		else
+			prune = PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT;
+	}
 
 	if (argc > 0) {
 		int j = 0;
-		refs = xcalloc(argc + 1, sizeof(const char *));
+		int i;
+		refs = xcalloc(st_add(argc, 1), sizeof(const char *));
 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 			if (!strcmp(argv[i], "tag")) {
-				char *ref;
 				i++;
 				if (i >= argc)
 					die(_("You need to specify a tag name."));
-				ref = xmalloc(strlen(argv[i]) * 2 + 22);
-				strcpy(ref, "refs/tags/");
-				strcat(ref, argv[i]);
-				strcat(ref, ":refs/tags/");
-				strcat(ref, argv[i]);
-				refs[j++] = ref;
+				refs[j++] = xstrfmt("refs/tags/%s:refs/tags/%s",
+						    argv[i], argv[i]);
 			} else
 				refs[j++] = argv[i];
 		}
@@ -920,19 +1133,20 @@ static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 	sigchain_push_common(unlock_pack_on_signal);
 	atexit(unlock_pack);
 	refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(ref_nr, refs);
-	exit_code = do_fetch(transport, refspec, ref_nr);
+	exit_code = do_fetch(gtransport, refspec, ref_nr);
 	free_refspec(ref_nr, refspec);
-	transport_disconnect(transport);
-	transport = NULL;
+	transport_disconnect(gtransport);
+	gtransport = NULL;
 	return exit_code;
 }
 
 int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
-	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	int result = 0;
+	struct argv_array argv_gc_auto = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	packet_trace_identity("fetch");
 
@@ -941,9 +1155,24 @@ int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
 		strbuf_addf(&default_rla, " %s", argv[i]);
 
+	git_config(git_fetch_config, NULL);
+
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_fetch_options, builtin_fetch_usage, 0);
 
+	if (unshallow) {
+		if (depth)
+			die(_("--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"));
+		else if (!is_repository_shallow())
+			die(_("--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"));
+		else
+			depth = xstrfmt("%d", INFINITE_DEPTH);
+	}
+
+	/* no need to be strict, transport_set_option() will validate it again */
+	if (depth && atoi(depth) < 1)
+		die(_("depth %s is not a positive number"), depth);
+
 	if (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) {
 		if (recurse_submodules_default) {
 			int arg = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg("--recurse-submodules-default", recurse_submodules_default);
@@ -986,18 +1215,26 @@ int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (!result && (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)) {
-		const char *options[10];
-		int num_options = 0;
-		add_options_to_argv(&num_options, options);
-		result = fetch_populated_submodules(num_options, options,
+		struct argv_array options = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+		add_options_to_argv(&options);
+		result = fetch_populated_submodules(&options,
 						    submodule_prefix,
 						    recurse_submodules,
-						    verbosity < 0);
+						    verbosity < 0,
+						    max_children);
+		argv_array_clear(&options);
 	}
 
-	/* All names were strdup()ed or strndup()ed */
-	list.strdup_strings = 1;
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
 
+	close_all_packs();
+
+	argv_array_pushl(&argv_gc_auto, "gc", "--auto", NULL);
+	if (verbosity < 0)
+		argv_array_push(&argv_gc_auto, "--quiet");
+	run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv_gc_auto);
+
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
index c81a7fef26..e5658c320e 100644
--- a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 static const char * const fmt_merge_msg_usage[] = {
-	"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]",
+	N_("git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@ int fmt_merge_msg_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 			merge_log_config = DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN;
 	} else if (!strcmp(key, "merge.branchdesc")) {
 		use_branch_desc = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	} else {
+		return git_default_config(key, value, cb);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -53,32 +56,76 @@ static void init_src_data(struct src_data *data)
 static struct string_list srcs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 static struct string_list origins = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
-static int handle_line(char *line)
+struct merge_parents {
+	int alloc, nr;
+	struct merge_parent {
+		unsigned char given[20];
+		unsigned char commit[20];
+		unsigned char used;
+	} *item;
+};
+
+/*
+ * I know, I know, this is inefficient, but you won't be pulling and merging
+ * hundreds of heads at a time anyway.
+ */
+static struct merge_parent *find_merge_parent(struct merge_parents *table,
+					      unsigned char *given,
+					      unsigned char *commit)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < table->nr; i++) {
+		if (given && hashcmp(table->item[i].given, given))
+			continue;
+		if (commit && hashcmp(table->item[i].commit, commit))
+			continue;
+		return &table->item[i];
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void add_merge_parent(struct merge_parents *table,
+			     unsigned char *given,
+			     unsigned char *commit)
+{
+	if (table->nr && find_merge_parent(table, given, commit))
+		return;
+	ALLOC_GROW(table->item, table->nr + 1, table->alloc);
+	hashcpy(table->item[table->nr].given, given);
+	hashcpy(table->item[table->nr].commit, commit);
+	table->item[table->nr].used = 0;
+	table->nr++;
+}
+
+static int handle_line(char *line, struct merge_parents *merge_parents)
 {
 	int i, len = strlen(line);
 	struct origin_data *origin_data;
-	char *src, *origin;
+	char *src;
+	const char *origin;
 	struct src_data *src_data;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	int pulling_head = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	if (len < 43 || line[40] != '\t')
 		return 1;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(line + 41, "not-for-merge"))
+	if (starts_with(line + 41, "not-for-merge"))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (line[41] != '\t')
 		return 2;
 
-	line[40] = 0;
-	origin_data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct origin_data));
-	i = get_sha1(line, origin_data->sha1);
-	line[40] = '\t';
-	if (i) {
-		free(origin_data);
+	i = get_sha1_hex(line, sha1);
+	if (i)
 		return 3;
-	}
+
+	if (!find_merge_parent(merge_parents, sha1, NULL))
+		return 0; /* subsumed by other parents */
+
+	origin_data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct origin_data));
+	hashcpy(origin_data->sha1, sha1);
 
 	if (line[len - 1] == '\n')
 		line[len - 1] = 0;
@@ -110,17 +157,16 @@ static int handle_line(char *line)
 	if (pulling_head) {
 		origin = src;
 		src_data->head_status |= 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "branch ")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(line, "branch ")) {
 		origin_data->is_local_branch = 1;
 		origin = line + 7;
 		string_list_append(&src_data->branch, origin);
 		src_data->head_status |= 2;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "tag ")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(line, "tag ")) {
 		origin = line;
 		string_list_append(&src_data->tag, origin + 4);
 		src_data->head_status |= 2;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "remote-tracking branch ")) {
-		origin = line + strlen("remote-tracking branch ");
+	} else if (skip_prefix(line, "remote-tracking branch ", &origin)) {
 		string_list_append(&src_data->r_branch, origin);
 		src_data->head_status |= 2;
 	} else {
@@ -133,11 +179,8 @@ static int handle_line(char *line)
 		int len = strlen(origin);
 		if (origin[0] == '\'' && origin[len - 1] == '\'')
 			origin = xmemdupz(origin + 1, len - 2);
-	} else {
-		char *new_origin = xmalloc(strlen(origin) + strlen(src) + 5);
-		sprintf(new_origin, "%s of %s", origin, src);
-		origin = new_origin;
-	}
+	} else
+		origin = xstrfmt("%s of %s", origin, src);
 	if (strcmp(".", src))
 		origin_data->is_local_branch = 0;
 	string_list_append(&origins, origin)->util = origin_data;
@@ -174,32 +217,139 @@ static void add_branch_desc(struct strbuf *out, const char *name)
 			strbuf_addf(out, "  : %.*s", (int)(ep - bp), bp);
 			bp = ep;
 		}
-		if (out->buf[out->len - 1] != '\n')
-			strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		strbuf_complete_line(out);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&desc);
 }
 
+#define util_as_integral(elem) ((intptr_t)((elem)->util))
+
+static void record_person_from_buf(int which, struct string_list *people,
+				   const char *buffer)
+{
+	char *name_buf, *name, *name_end;
+	struct string_list_item *elem;
+	const char *field;
+
+	field = (which == 'a') ? "\nauthor " : "\ncommitter ";
+	name = strstr(buffer, field);
+	if (!name)
+		return;
+	name += strlen(field);
+	name_end = strchrnul(name, '<');
+	if (*name_end)
+		name_end--;
+	while (isspace(*name_end) && name <= name_end)
+		name_end--;
+	if (name_end < name)
+		return;
+	name_buf = xmemdupz(name, name_end - name + 1);
+
+	elem = string_list_lookup(people, name_buf);
+	if (!elem) {
+		elem = string_list_insert(people, name_buf);
+		elem->util = (void *)0;
+	}
+	elem->util = (void*)(util_as_integral(elem) + 1);
+	free(name_buf);
+}
+
+
+static void record_person(int which, struct string_list *people,
+			  struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+	record_person_from_buf(which, people, buffer);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+}
+
+static int cmp_string_list_util_as_integral(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct string_list_item *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	return util_as_integral(b) - util_as_integral(a);
+}
+
+static void add_people_count(struct strbuf *out, struct string_list *people)
+{
+	if (people->nr == 1)
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s", people->items[0].string);
+	else if (people->nr == 2)
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s (%d) and %s (%d)",
+			    people->items[0].string,
+			    (int)util_as_integral(&people->items[0]),
+			    people->items[1].string,
+			    (int)util_as_integral(&people->items[1]));
+	else if (people->nr)
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s (%d) and others",
+			    people->items[0].string,
+			    (int)util_as_integral(&people->items[0]));
+}
+
+static void credit_people(struct strbuf *out,
+			  struct string_list *them,
+			  int kind)
+{
+	const char *label;
+	const char *me;
+
+	if (kind == 'a') {
+		label = "By";
+		me = git_author_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	} else {
+		label = "Via";
+		me = git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	}
+
+	if (!them->nr ||
+	    (them->nr == 1 &&
+	     me &&
+	     skip_prefix(me, them->items->string, &me) &&
+	     starts_with(me, " <")))
+		return;
+	strbuf_addf(out, "\n%c %s ", comment_line_char, label);
+	add_people_count(out, them);
+}
+
+static void add_people_info(struct strbuf *out,
+			    struct string_list *authors,
+			    struct string_list *committers)
+{
+	if (authors->nr)
+		qsort(authors->items,
+		      authors->nr, sizeof(authors->items[0]),
+		      cmp_string_list_util_as_integral);
+	if (committers->nr)
+		qsort(committers->items,
+		      committers->nr, sizeof(committers->items[0]),
+		      cmp_string_list_util_as_integral);
+
+	credit_people(out, authors, 'a');
+	credit_people(out, committers, 'c');
+}
+
 static void shortlog(const char *name,
 		     struct origin_data *origin_data,
 		     struct commit *head,
-		     struct rev_info *rev, int limit,
+		     struct rev_info *rev,
+		     struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *opts,
 		     struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	int i, count = 0;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct object *branch;
 	struct string_list subjects = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list authors = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list committers = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	int flags = UNINTERESTING | TREESAME | SEEN | SHOWN | ADDED;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const unsigned char *sha1 = origin_data->sha1;
+	int limit = opts->shortlog_len;
 
 	branch = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 	if (!branch || branch->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return;
 
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, rev, NULL);
-	rev->ignore_merges = 1;
 	add_pending_object(rev, branch, name);
 	add_pending_object(rev, &head->object, "^HEAD");
 	head->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
@@ -208,10 +358,17 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 	while ((commit = get_revision(rev)) != NULL) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
+		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
+			/* do not list a merge but count committer */
+			if (opts->credit_people)
+				record_person('c', &committers, commit);
 			continue;
-
+		}
+		if (!count && opts->credit_people)
+			/* the 'tip' committer */
+			record_person('c', &committers, commit);
+		if (opts->credit_people)
+			record_person('a', &authors, commit);
 		count++;
 		if (subjects.nr > limit)
 			continue;
@@ -221,11 +378,13 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 
 		if (!sb.len)
 			string_list_append(&subjects,
-					   sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+					   oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 		else
 			string_list_append(&subjects, strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL));
 	}
 
+	if (opts->credit_people)
+		add_people_info(out, &authors, &committers);
 	if (count > limit)
 		strbuf_addf(out, "\n* %s: (%d commits)\n", name, count);
 	else
@@ -246,6 +405,8 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 	rev->commits = NULL;
 	rev->pending.nr = 0;
 
+	string_list_clear(&authors, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&committers, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&subjects, 0);
 }
 
@@ -313,7 +474,10 @@ static void fmt_tag_signature(struct strbuf *tagbuf,
 		strbuf_add(tagbuf, tag_body, buf + len - tag_body);
 	}
 	strbuf_complete_line(tagbuf);
-	strbuf_add_lines(tagbuf, "# ", sig->buf, sig->len);
+	if (sig->len) {
+		strbuf_addch(tagbuf, '\n');
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(tagbuf, sig->buf, sig->len);
+	}
 }
 
 static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
@@ -334,7 +498,7 @@ static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
 
 		if (size == len)
 			; /* merely annotated */
-		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig)) {
+		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig, NULL)) {
 			if (!sig.len)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sig, "gpg verification failed.\n");
 		}
@@ -345,14 +509,18 @@ static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
 		} else {
 			if (tag_number == 2) {
 				struct strbuf tagline = STRBUF_INIT;
-				strbuf_addf(&tagline, "\n# %s\n",
-					    origins.items[first_tag].string);
+				strbuf_addch(&tagline, '\n');
+				strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagline,
+						origins.items[first_tag].string,
+						strlen(origins.items[first_tag].string));
 				strbuf_insert(&tagbuf, 0, tagline.buf,
 					      tagline.len);
 				strbuf_release(&tagline);
 			}
-			strbuf_addf(&tagbuf, "\n# %s\n",
-				    origins.items[i].string);
+			strbuf_addch(&tagbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagbuf,
+					origins.items[i].string,
+					strlen(origins.items[i].string));
 			fmt_tag_signature(&tagbuf, &sig, buf, len);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&sig);
@@ -366,6 +534,64 @@ static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
 	strbuf_release(&tagbuf);
 }
 
+static void find_merge_parents(struct merge_parents *result,
+			       struct strbuf *in, unsigned char *head)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+	struct commit *head_commit;
+	int pos = 0, i, j;
+
+	parents = NULL;
+	while (pos < in->len) {
+		int len;
+		char *p = in->buf + pos;
+		char *newline = strchr(p, '\n');
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct commit *parent;
+		struct object *obj;
+
+		len = newline ? newline - p : strlen(p);
+		pos += len + !!newline;
+
+		if (len < 43 ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(p, sha1) ||
+		    p[40] != '\t' ||
+		    p[41] != '\t')
+			continue; /* skip not-for-merge */
+		/*
+		 * Do not use get_merge_parent() here; we do not have
+		 * "name" here and we do not want to contaminate its
+		 * util field yet.
+		 */
+		obj = parse_object(sha1);
+		parent = (struct commit *)peel_to_type(NULL, 0, obj, OBJ_COMMIT);
+		if (!parent)
+			continue;
+		commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
+		add_merge_parent(result, obj->oid.hash, parent->object.oid.hash);
+	}
+	head_commit = lookup_commit(head);
+	if (head_commit)
+		commit_list_insert(head_commit, &parents);
+	parents = reduce_heads(parents);
+
+	while (parents) {
+		struct commit *cmit = pop_commit(&parents);
+		for (i = 0; i < result->nr; i++)
+			if (!hashcmp(result->item[i].commit, cmit->object.oid.hash))
+				result->item[i].used = 1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = j = 0; i < result->nr; i++) {
+		if (result->item[i].used) {
+			if (i != j)
+				result->item[j] = result->item[i];
+			j++;
+		}
+	}
+	result->nr = j;
+}
+
 int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 		  struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *opts)
 {
@@ -373,15 +599,20 @@ int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 	const char *current_branch;
 	void *current_branch_to_free;
+	struct merge_parents merge_parents;
+
+	memset(&merge_parents, 0, sizeof(merge_parents));
 
 	/* get current branch */
 	current_branch = current_branch_to_free =
-		resolve_refdup("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL);
+		resolve_refdup("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL);
 	if (!current_branch)
 		die("No current branch");
-	if (!prefixcmp(current_branch, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(current_branch, "refs/heads/"))
 		current_branch += 11;
 
+	find_merge_parents(&merge_parents, in, head_sha1);
+
 	/* get a line */
 	while (pos < in->len) {
 		int len;
@@ -392,7 +623,7 @@ int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 		pos += len + !!newline;
 		i++;
 		p[len] = 0;
-		if (handle_line(p))
+		if (handle_line(p, &merge_parents))
 			die ("Error in line %d: %.*s", i, len, p);
 	}
 
@@ -412,17 +643,17 @@ int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 		rev.ignore_merges = 1;
 		rev.limited = 1;
 
-		if (suffixcmp(out->buf, "\n"))
-			strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		strbuf_complete_line(out);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < origins.nr; i++)
 			shortlog(origins.items[i].string,
 				 origins.items[i].util,
-				 head, &rev, opts->shortlog_len, out);
+				 head, &rev, opts, out);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_complete_line(out);
 	free(current_branch_to_free);
+	free(merge_parents.item);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -432,16 +663,16 @@ int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	int shortlog_len = -1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
-		  "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog",
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+		  N_("populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "summary", &shortlog_len, "n",
-		  "alias for --log (deprecated)",
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "summary", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+		  N_("alias for --log (deprecated)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL,
 		  DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &message, "text",
-			"use <text> as start of message"),
-		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &inpath, "file to read from"),
+		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &message, N_("text"),
+			N_("use <text> as start of message")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &inpath, N_("file to read from")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -472,6 +703,7 @@ int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.add_title = !message;
+	opts.credit_people = 1;
 	opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
 
 	ret = fmt_merge_msg(&input, &output, &opts);
diff --git a/builtin/for-each-ref.c b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
index b01d76a243..4e9f6c29bf 100644
--- a/builtin/for-each-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
@@ -2,1009 +2,53 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "object.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "commit.h"
-#include "tree.h"
-#include "blob.h"
-#include "quote.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "remote.h"
-
-/* Quoting styles */
-#define QUOTE_NONE 0
-#define QUOTE_SHELL 1
-#define QUOTE_PERL 2
-#define QUOTE_PYTHON 4
-#define QUOTE_TCL 8
-
-typedef enum { FIELD_STR, FIELD_ULONG, FIELD_TIME } cmp_type;
-
-struct atom_value {
-	const char *s;
-	unsigned long ul; /* used for sorting when not FIELD_STR */
-};
-
-struct ref_sort {
-	struct ref_sort *next;
-	int atom; /* index into used_atom array */
-	unsigned reverse : 1;
-};
-
-struct refinfo {
-	char *refname;
-	unsigned char objectname[20];
-	int flag;
-	const char *symref;
-	struct atom_value *value;
-};
-
-static struct {
-	const char *name;
-	cmp_type cmp_type;
-} valid_atom[] = {
-	{ "refname" },
-	{ "objecttype" },
-	{ "objectsize", FIELD_ULONG },
-	{ "objectname" },
-	{ "tree" },
-	{ "parent" },
-	{ "numparent", FIELD_ULONG },
-	{ "object" },
-	{ "type" },
-	{ "tag" },
-	{ "author" },
-	{ "authorname" },
-	{ "authoremail" },
-	{ "authordate", FIELD_TIME },
-	{ "committer" },
-	{ "committername" },
-	{ "committeremail" },
-	{ "committerdate", FIELD_TIME },
-	{ "tagger" },
-	{ "taggername" },
-	{ "taggeremail" },
-	{ "taggerdate", FIELD_TIME },
-	{ "creator" },
-	{ "creatordate", FIELD_TIME },
-	{ "subject" },
-	{ "body" },
-	{ "contents" },
-	{ "contents:subject" },
-	{ "contents:body" },
-	{ "contents:signature" },
-	{ "upstream" },
-	{ "symref" },
-	{ "flag" },
-};
-
-/*
- * An atom is a valid field atom listed above, possibly prefixed with
- * a "*" to denote deref_tag().
- *
- * We parse given format string and sort specifiers, and make a list
- * of properties that we need to extract out of objects.  refinfo
- * structure will hold an array of values extracted that can be
- * indexed with the "atom number", which is an index into this
- * array.
- */
-static const char **used_atom;
-static cmp_type *used_atom_type;
-static int used_atom_cnt, sort_atom_limit, need_tagged, need_symref;
-
-/*
- * Used to parse format string and sort specifiers
- */
-static int parse_atom(const char *atom, const char *ep)
-{
-	const char *sp;
-	int i, at;
-
-	sp = atom;
-	if (*sp == '*' && sp < ep)
-		sp++; /* deref */
-	if (ep <= sp)
-		die("malformed field name: %.*s", (int)(ep-atom), atom);
-
-	/* Do we have the atom already used elsewhere? */
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		int len = strlen(used_atom[i]);
-		if (len == ep - atom && !memcmp(used_atom[i], atom, len))
-			return i;
-	}
-
-	/* Is the atom a valid one? */
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(valid_atom); i++) {
-		int len = strlen(valid_atom[i].name);
-		/*
-		 * If the atom name has a colon, strip it and everything after
-		 * it off - it specifies the format for this entry, and
-		 * shouldn't be used for checking against the valid_atom
-		 * table.
-		 */
-		const char *formatp = strchr(sp, ':');
-		if (!formatp || ep < formatp)
-			formatp = ep;
-		if (len == formatp - sp && !memcmp(valid_atom[i].name, sp, len))
-			break;
-	}
-
-	if (ARRAY_SIZE(valid_atom) <= i)
-		die("unknown field name: %.*s", (int)(ep-atom), atom);
-
-	/* Add it in, including the deref prefix */
-	at = used_atom_cnt;
-	used_atom_cnt++;
-	used_atom = xrealloc(used_atom,
-			     (sizeof *used_atom) * used_atom_cnt);
-	used_atom_type = xrealloc(used_atom_type,
-				  (sizeof(*used_atom_type) * used_atom_cnt));
-	used_atom[at] = xmemdupz(atom, ep - atom);
-	used_atom_type[at] = valid_atom[i].cmp_type;
-	if (*atom == '*')
-		need_tagged = 1;
-	if (!strcmp(used_atom[at], "symref"))
-		need_symref = 1;
-	return at;
-}
-
-/*
- * In a format string, find the next occurrence of %(atom).
- */
-static const char *find_next(const char *cp)
-{
-	while (*cp) {
-		if (*cp == '%') {
-			/*
-			 * %( is the start of an atom;
-			 * %% is a quoted per-cent.
-			 */
-			if (cp[1] == '(')
-				return cp;
-			else if (cp[1] == '%')
-				cp++; /* skip over two % */
-			/* otherwise this is a singleton, literal % */
-		}
-		cp++;
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * Make sure the format string is well formed, and parse out
- * the used atoms.
- */
-static int verify_format(const char *format)
-{
-	const char *cp, *sp;
-	for (cp = format; *cp && (sp = find_next(cp)); ) {
-		const char *ep = strchr(sp, ')');
-		if (!ep)
-			return error("malformed format string %s", sp);
-		/* sp points at "%(" and ep points at the closing ")" */
-		parse_atom(sp + 2, ep);
-		cp = ep + 1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Given an object name, read the object data and size, and return a
- * "struct object".  If the object data we are returning is also borrowed
- * by the "struct object" representation, set *eaten as well---it is a
- * signal from parse_object_buffer to us not to free the buffer.
- */
-static void *get_obj(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object **obj, unsigned long *sz, int *eaten)
-{
-	enum object_type type;
-	void *buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, sz);
-
-	if (buf)
-		*obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, *sz, buf, eaten);
-	else
-		*obj = NULL;
-	return buf;
-}
-
-/* See grab_values */
-static void grab_common_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		const char *name = used_atom[i];
-		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
-		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
-			continue;
-		if (deref)
-			name++;
-		if (!strcmp(name, "objecttype"))
-			v->s = typename(obj->type);
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectsize")) {
-			char *s = xmalloc(40);
-			sprintf(s, "%lu", sz);
-			v->ul = sz;
-			v->s = s;
-		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectname")) {
-			char *s = xmalloc(41);
-			strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-			v->s = s;
-		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectname:short")) {
-			v->s = xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1,
-							  DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/* See grab_values */
-static void grab_tag_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) obj;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		const char *name = used_atom[i];
-		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
-		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
-			continue;
-		if (deref)
-			name++;
-		if (!strcmp(name, "tag"))
-			v->s = tag->tag;
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "type") && tag->tagged)
-			v->s = typename(tag->tagged->type);
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "object") && tag->tagged) {
-			char *s = xmalloc(41);
-			strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(tag->tagged->sha1));
-			v->s = s;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static int num_parents(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	struct commit_list *parents;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0, parents = commit->parents;
-	     parents;
-	     parents = parents->next)
-		i++;
-	return i;
-}
-
-/* See grab_values */
-static void grab_commit_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		const char *name = used_atom[i];
-		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
-		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
-			continue;
-		if (deref)
-			name++;
-		if (!strcmp(name, "tree")) {
-			char *s = xmalloc(41);
-			strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(commit->tree->object.sha1));
-			v->s = s;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp(name, "numparent")) {
-			char *s = xmalloc(40);
-			v->ul = num_parents(commit);
-			sprintf(s, "%lu", v->ul);
-			v->s = s;
-		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "parent")) {
-			int num = num_parents(commit);
-			int i;
-			struct commit_list *parents;
-			char *s = xmalloc(41 * num + 1);
-			v->s = s;
-			for (i = 0, parents = commit->parents;
-			     parents;
-			     parents = parents->next, i = i + 41) {
-				struct commit *parent = parents->item;
-				strcpy(s+i, sha1_to_hex(parent->object.sha1));
-				if (parents->next)
-					s[i+40] = ' ';
-			}
-			if (!i)
-				*s = '\0';
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static const char *find_wholine(const char *who, int wholen, const char *buf, unsigned long sz)
-{
-	const char *eol;
-	while (*buf) {
-		if (!strncmp(buf, who, wholen) &&
-		    buf[wholen] == ' ')
-			return buf + wholen + 1;
-		eol = strchr(buf, '\n');
-		if (!eol)
-			return "";
-		eol++;
-		if (*eol == '\n')
-			return ""; /* end of header */
-		buf = eol;
-	}
-	return "";
-}
-
-static const char *copy_line(const char *buf)
-{
-	const char *eol = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
-	return xmemdupz(buf, eol - buf);
-}
-
-static const char *copy_name(const char *buf)
-{
-	const char *cp;
-	for (cp = buf; *cp && *cp != '\n'; cp++) {
-		if (!strncmp(cp, " <", 2))
-			return xmemdupz(buf, cp - buf);
-	}
-	return "";
-}
-
-static const char *copy_email(const char *buf)
-{
-	const char *email = strchr(buf, '<');
-	const char *eoemail;
-	if (!email)
-		return "";
-	eoemail = strchr(email, '>');
-	if (!eoemail)
-		return "";
-	return xmemdupz(email, eoemail + 1 - email);
-}
-
-static char *copy_subject(const char *buf, unsigned long len)
-{
-	char *r = xmemdupz(buf, len);
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
-		if (r[i] == '\n')
-			r[i] = ' ';
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static void grab_date(const char *buf, struct atom_value *v, const char *atomname)
-{
-	const char *eoemail = strstr(buf, "> ");
-	char *zone;
-	unsigned long timestamp;
-	long tz;
-	enum date_mode date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
-	const char *formatp;
-
-	/*
-	 * We got here because atomname ends in "date" or "date<something>";
-	 * it's not possible that <something> is not ":<format>" because
-	 * parse_atom() wouldn't have allowed it, so we can assume that no
-	 * ":" means no format is specified, and use the default.
-	 */
-	formatp = strchr(atomname, ':');
-	if (formatp != NULL) {
-		formatp++;
-		date_mode = parse_date_format(formatp);
-	}
-
-	if (!eoemail)
-		goto bad;
-	timestamp = strtoul(eoemail + 2, &zone, 10);
-	if (timestamp == ULONG_MAX)
-		goto bad;
-	tz = strtol(zone, NULL, 10);
-	if ((tz == LONG_MIN || tz == LONG_MAX) && errno == ERANGE)
-		goto bad;
-	v->s = xstrdup(show_date(timestamp, tz, date_mode));
-	v->ul = timestamp;
-	return;
- bad:
-	v->s = "";
-	v->ul = 0;
-}
-
-/* See grab_values */
-static void grab_person(const char *who, struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
-{
-	int i;
-	int wholen = strlen(who);
-	const char *wholine = NULL;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		const char *name = used_atom[i];
-		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
-		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
-			continue;
-		if (deref)
-			name++;
-		if (strncmp(who, name, wholen))
-			continue;
-		if (name[wholen] != 0 &&
-		    strcmp(name + wholen, "name") &&
-		    strcmp(name + wholen, "email") &&
-		    prefixcmp(name + wholen, "date"))
-			continue;
-		if (!wholine)
-			wholine = find_wholine(who, wholen, buf, sz);
-		if (!wholine)
-			return; /* no point looking for it */
-		if (name[wholen] == 0)
-			v->s = copy_line(wholine);
-		else if (!strcmp(name + wholen, "name"))
-			v->s = copy_name(wholine);
-		else if (!strcmp(name + wholen, "email"))
-			v->s = copy_email(wholine);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(name + wholen, "date"))
-			grab_date(wholine, v, name);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * For a tag or a commit object, if "creator" or "creatordate" is
-	 * requested, do something special.
-	 */
-	if (strcmp(who, "tagger") && strcmp(who, "committer"))
-		return; /* "author" for commit object is not wanted */
-	if (!wholine)
-		wholine = find_wholine(who, wholen, buf, sz);
-	if (!wholine)
-		return;
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		const char *name = used_atom[i];
-		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
-		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
-			continue;
-		if (deref)
-			name++;
-
-		if (!prefixcmp(name, "creatordate"))
-			grab_date(wholine, v, name);
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "creator"))
-			v->s = copy_line(wholine);
-	}
-}
-
-static void find_subpos(const char *buf, unsigned long sz,
-			const char **sub, unsigned long *sublen,
-			const char **body, unsigned long *bodylen,
-			unsigned long *nonsiglen,
-			const char **sig, unsigned long *siglen)
-{
-	const char *eol;
-	/* skip past header until we hit empty line */
-	while (*buf && *buf != '\n') {
-		eol = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
-		if (*eol)
-			eol++;
-		buf = eol;
-	}
-	/* skip any empty lines */
-	while (*buf == '\n')
-		buf++;
-
-	/* parse signature first; we might not even have a subject line */
-	*sig = buf + parse_signature(buf, strlen(buf));
-	*siglen = strlen(*sig);
-
-	/* subject is first non-empty line */
-	*sub = buf;
-	/* subject goes to first empty line */
-	while (buf < *sig && *buf && *buf != '\n') {
-		eol = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
-		if (*eol)
-			eol++;
-		buf = eol;
-	}
-	*sublen = buf - *sub;
-	/* drop trailing newline, if present */
-	if (*sublen && (*sub)[*sublen - 1] == '\n')
-		*sublen -= 1;
-
-	/* skip any empty lines */
-	while (*buf == '\n')
-		buf++;
-	*body = buf;
-	*bodylen = strlen(buf);
-	*nonsiglen = *sig - buf;
-}
-
-/* See grab_values */
-static void grab_sub_body_contents(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
-{
-	int i;
-	const char *subpos = NULL, *bodypos = NULL, *sigpos = NULL;
-	unsigned long sublen = 0, bodylen = 0, nonsiglen = 0, siglen = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		const char *name = used_atom[i];
-		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
-		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
-			continue;
-		if (deref)
-			name++;
-		if (strcmp(name, "subject") &&
-		    strcmp(name, "body") &&
-		    strcmp(name, "contents") &&
-		    strcmp(name, "contents:subject") &&
-		    strcmp(name, "contents:body") &&
-		    strcmp(name, "contents:signature"))
-			continue;
-		if (!subpos)
-			find_subpos(buf, sz,
-				    &subpos, &sublen,
-				    &bodypos, &bodylen, &nonsiglen,
-				    &sigpos, &siglen);
-
-		if (!strcmp(name, "subject"))
-			v->s = copy_subject(subpos, sublen);
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "contents:subject"))
-			v->s = copy_subject(subpos, sublen);
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "body"))
-			v->s = xmemdupz(bodypos, bodylen);
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "contents:body"))
-			v->s = xmemdupz(bodypos, nonsiglen);
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "contents:signature"))
-			v->s = xmemdupz(sigpos, siglen);
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "contents"))
-			v->s = xstrdup(subpos);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * We want to have empty print-string for field requests
- * that do not apply (e.g. "authordate" for a tag object)
- */
-static void fill_missing_values(struct atom_value *val)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
-		if (v->s == NULL)
-			v->s = "";
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * val is a list of atom_value to hold returned values.  Extract
- * the values for atoms in used_atom array out of (obj, buf, sz).
- * when deref is false, (obj, buf, sz) is the object that is
- * pointed at by the ref itself; otherwise it is the object the
- * ref (which is a tag) refers to.
- */
-static void grab_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
-{
-	grab_common_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
-	switch (obj->type) {
-	case OBJ_TAG:
-		grab_tag_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
-		grab_sub_body_contents(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
-		grab_person("tagger", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
-		break;
-	case OBJ_COMMIT:
-		grab_commit_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
-		grab_sub_body_contents(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
-		grab_person("author", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
-		grab_person("committer", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
-		break;
-	case OBJ_TREE:
-		/* grab_tree_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz); */
-		break;
-	case OBJ_BLOB:
-		/* grab_blob_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz); */
-		break;
-	default:
-		die("Eh?  Object of type %d?", obj->type);
-	}
-}
-
-static inline char *copy_advance(char *dst, const char *src)
-{
-	while (*src)
-		*dst++ = *src++;
-	return dst;
-}
-
-/*
- * Parse the object referred by ref, and grab needed value.
- */
-static void populate_value(struct refinfo *ref)
-{
-	void *buf;
-	struct object *obj;
-	int eaten, i;
-	unsigned long size;
-	const unsigned char *tagged;
-
-	ref->value = xcalloc(sizeof(struct atom_value), used_atom_cnt);
-
-	if (need_symref && (ref->flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && !ref->symref) {
-		unsigned char unused1[20];
-		ref->symref = resolve_refdup(ref->refname, unused1, 1, NULL);
-		if (!ref->symref)
-			ref->symref = "";
-	}
-
-	/* Fill in specials first */
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		const char *name = used_atom[i];
-		struct atom_value *v = &ref->value[i];
-		int deref = 0;
-		const char *refname;
-		const char *formatp;
-
-		if (*name == '*') {
-			deref = 1;
-			name++;
-		}
-
-		if (!prefixcmp(name, "refname"))
-			refname = ref->refname;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(name, "symref"))
-			refname = ref->symref ? ref->symref : "";
-		else if (!prefixcmp(name, "upstream")) {
-			struct branch *branch;
-			/* only local branches may have an upstream */
-			if (prefixcmp(ref->refname, "refs/heads/"))
-				continue;
-			branch = branch_get(ref->refname + 11);
-
-			if (!branch || !branch->merge || !branch->merge[0] ||
-			    !branch->merge[0]->dst)
-				continue;
-			refname = branch->merge[0]->dst;
-		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "flag")) {
-			char buf[256], *cp = buf;
-			if (ref->flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
-				cp = copy_advance(cp, ",symref");
-			if (ref->flag & REF_ISPACKED)
-				cp = copy_advance(cp, ",packed");
-			if (cp == buf)
-				v->s = "";
-			else {
-				*cp = '\0';
-				v->s = xstrdup(buf + 1);
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		else
-			continue;
-
-		formatp = strchr(name, ':');
-		/* look for "short" refname format */
-		if (formatp) {
-			formatp++;
-			if (!strcmp(formatp, "short"))
-				refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname,
-						      warn_ambiguous_refs);
-			else
-				die("unknown %.*s format %s",
-				    (int)(formatp - name), name, formatp);
-		}
-
-		if (!deref)
-			v->s = refname;
-		else {
-			int len = strlen(refname);
-			char *s = xmalloc(len + 4);
-			sprintf(s, "%s^{}", refname);
-			v->s = s;
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
-		struct atom_value *v = &ref->value[i];
-		if (v->s == NULL)
-			goto need_obj;
-	}
-	return;
-
- need_obj:
-	buf = get_obj(ref->objectname, &obj, &size, &eaten);
-	if (!buf)
-		die("missing object %s for %s",
-		    sha1_to_hex(ref->objectname), ref->refname);
-	if (!obj)
-		die("parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s",
-		    sha1_to_hex(ref->objectname), ref->refname);
-
-	grab_values(ref->value, 0, obj, buf, size);
-	if (!eaten)
-		free(buf);
-
-	/*
-	 * If there is no atom that wants to know about tagged
-	 * object, we are done.
-	 */
-	if (!need_tagged || (obj->type != OBJ_TAG))
-		return;
-
-	/*
-	 * If it is a tag object, see if we use a value that derefs
-	 * the object, and if we do grab the object it refers to.
-	 */
-	tagged = ((struct tag *)obj)->tagged->sha1;
-
-	/*
-	 * NEEDSWORK: This derefs tag only once, which
-	 * is good to deal with chains of trust, but
-	 * is not consistent with what deref_tag() does
-	 * which peels the onion to the core.
-	 */
-	buf = get_obj(tagged, &obj, &size, &eaten);
-	if (!buf)
-		die("missing object %s for %s",
-		    sha1_to_hex(tagged), ref->refname);
-	if (!obj)
-		die("parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s",
-		    sha1_to_hex(tagged), ref->refname);
-	grab_values(ref->value, 1, obj, buf, size);
-	if (!eaten)
-		free(buf);
-}
-
-/*
- * Given a ref, return the value for the atom.  This lazily gets value
- * out of the object by calling populate value.
- */
-static void get_value(struct refinfo *ref, int atom, struct atom_value **v)
-{
-	if (!ref->value) {
-		populate_value(ref);
-		fill_missing_values(ref->value);
-	}
-	*v = &ref->value[atom];
-}
-
-struct grab_ref_cbdata {
-	struct refinfo **grab_array;
-	const char **grab_pattern;
-	int grab_cnt;
-};
-
-/*
- * A call-back given to for_each_ref().  Filter refs and keep them for
- * later object processing.
- */
-static int grab_single_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct grab_ref_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
-	struct refinfo *ref;
-	int cnt;
-
-	if (*cb->grab_pattern) {
-		const char **pattern;
-		int namelen = strlen(refname);
-		for (pattern = cb->grab_pattern; *pattern; pattern++) {
-			const char *p = *pattern;
-			int plen = strlen(p);
-
-			if ((plen <= namelen) &&
-			    !strncmp(refname, p, plen) &&
-			    (refname[plen] == '\0' ||
-			     refname[plen] == '/' ||
-			     p[plen-1] == '/'))
-				break;
-			if (!fnmatch(p, refname, FNM_PATHNAME))
-				break;
-		}
-		if (!*pattern)
-			return 0;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * We do not open the object yet; sort may only need refname
-	 * to do its job and the resulting list may yet to be pruned
-	 * by maxcount logic.
-	 */
-	ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref));
-	ref->refname = xstrdup(refname);
-	hashcpy(ref->objectname, sha1);
-	ref->flag = flag;
-
-	cnt = cb->grab_cnt;
-	cb->grab_array = xrealloc(cb->grab_array,
-				  sizeof(*cb->grab_array) * (cnt + 1));
-	cb->grab_array[cnt++] = ref;
-	cb->grab_cnt = cnt;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int cmp_ref_sort(struct ref_sort *s, struct refinfo *a, struct refinfo *b)
-{
-	struct atom_value *va, *vb;
-	int cmp;
-	cmp_type cmp_type = used_atom_type[s->atom];
-
-	get_value(a, s->atom, &va);
-	get_value(b, s->atom, &vb);
-	switch (cmp_type) {
-	case FIELD_STR:
-		cmp = strcmp(va->s, vb->s);
-		break;
-	default:
-		if (va->ul < vb->ul)
-			cmp = -1;
-		else if (va->ul == vb->ul)
-			cmp = 0;
-		else
-			cmp = 1;
-		break;
-	}
-	return (s->reverse) ? -cmp : cmp;
-}
-
-static struct ref_sort *ref_sort;
-static int compare_refs(const void *a_, const void *b_)
-{
-	struct refinfo *a = *((struct refinfo **)a_);
-	struct refinfo *b = *((struct refinfo **)b_);
-	struct ref_sort *s;
-
-	for (s = ref_sort; s; s = s->next) {
-		int cmp = cmp_ref_sort(s, a, b);
-		if (cmp)
-			return cmp;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void sort_refs(struct ref_sort *sort, struct refinfo **refs, int num_refs)
-{
-	ref_sort = sort;
-	qsort(refs, num_refs, sizeof(struct refinfo *), compare_refs);
-}
-
-static void print_value(struct refinfo *ref, int atom, int quote_style)
-{
-	struct atom_value *v;
-	get_value(ref, atom, &v);
-	switch (quote_style) {
-	case QUOTE_NONE:
-		fputs(v->s, stdout);
-		break;
-	case QUOTE_SHELL:
-		sq_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
-		break;
-	case QUOTE_PERL:
-		perl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
-		break;
-	case QUOTE_PYTHON:
-		python_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
-		break;
-	case QUOTE_TCL:
-		tcl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
-		break;
-	}
-}
-
-static int hex1(char ch)
-{
-	if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
-		return ch - '0';
-	else if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'f')
-		return ch - 'a' + 10;
-	else if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'F')
-		return ch - 'A' + 10;
-	return -1;
-}
-static int hex2(const char *cp)
-{
-	if (cp[0] && cp[1])
-		return (hex1(cp[0]) << 4) | hex1(cp[1]);
-	else
-		return -1;
-}
-
-static void emit(const char *cp, const char *ep)
-{
-	while (*cp && (!ep || cp < ep)) {
-		if (*cp == '%') {
-			if (cp[1] == '%')
-				cp++;
-			else {
-				int ch = hex2(cp + 1);
-				if (0 <= ch) {
-					putchar(ch);
-					cp += 3;
-					continue;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		putchar(*cp);
-		cp++;
-	}
-}
-
-static void show_ref(struct refinfo *info, const char *format, int quote_style)
-{
-	const char *cp, *sp, *ep;
-
-	for (cp = format; *cp && (sp = find_next(cp)); cp = ep + 1) {
-		ep = strchr(sp, ')');
-		if (cp < sp)
-			emit(cp, sp);
-		print_value(info, parse_atom(sp + 2, ep), quote_style);
-	}
-	if (*cp) {
-		sp = cp + strlen(cp);
-		emit(cp, sp);
-	}
-	putchar('\n');
-}
-
-static struct ref_sort *default_sort(void)
-{
-	static const char cstr_name[] = "refname";
-
-	struct ref_sort *sort = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*sort));
-
-	sort->next = NULL;
-	sort->atom = parse_atom(cstr_name, cstr_name + strlen(cstr_name));
-	return sort;
-}
-
-static int opt_parse_sort(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	struct ref_sort **sort_tail = opt->value;
-	struct ref_sort *s;
-	int len;
-
-	if (!arg) /* should --no-sort void the list ? */
-		return -1;
-
-	*sort_tail = s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*s));
-
-	if (*arg == '-') {
-		s->reverse = 1;
-		arg++;
-	}
-	len = strlen(arg);
-	s->atom = parse_atom(arg, arg+len);
-	return 0;
-}
+#include "ref-filter.h"
 
 static char const * const for_each_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]",
+	N_("git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"),
+	N_("git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"),
+	N_("git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"),
+	N_("git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, num_refs;
+	int i;
 	const char *format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype)\t%(refname)";
-	struct ref_sort *sort = NULL, **sort_tail = &sort;
+	struct ref_sorting *sorting = NULL, **sorting_tail = &sorting;
 	int maxcount = 0, quote_style = 0;
-	struct refinfo **refs;
-	struct grab_ref_cbdata cbdata;
+	struct ref_array array;
+	struct ref_filter filter;
 
 	struct option opts[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('s', "shell", &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for shells", QUOTE_SHELL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for shells"), QUOTE_SHELL),
 		OPT_BIT('p', "perl",  &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for perl", QUOTE_PERL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for perl"), QUOTE_PERL),
 		OPT_BIT(0 , "python", &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for python", QUOTE_PYTHON),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for python"), QUOTE_PYTHON),
 		OPT_BIT(0 , "tcl",  &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for tcl", QUOTE_TCL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"), QUOTE_TCL),
 
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_INTEGER( 0 , "count", &maxcount, "show only <n> matched refs"),
-		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, "format", "format to use for the output"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sort_tail, "key",
-		            "field name to sort on", &opt_parse_sort),
+		OPT_INTEGER( 0 , "count", &maxcount, N_("show only <n> matched refs")),
+		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, N_("format"), N_("format to use for the output")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sorting_tail, N_("key"),
+			    N_("field name to sort on"), &parse_opt_ref_sorting),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "points-at", &filter.points_at,
+			     N_("object"), N_("print only refs which points at the given object"),
+			     parse_opt_object_name),
+		OPT_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only refs that are merged")),
+		OPT_NO_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only refs that are not merged")),
+		OPT_CONTAINS(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only refs which contain the commit")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
+	memset(&array, 0, sizeof(array));
+	memset(&filter, 0, sizeof(filter));
+
 	parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, for_each_ref_usage, 0);
 	if (maxcount < 0) {
 		error("invalid --count argument: `%d'", maxcount);
@@ -1014,27 +58,24 @@ int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		error("more than one quoting style?");
 		usage_with_options(for_each_ref_usage, opts);
 	}
-	if (verify_format(format))
+	if (verify_ref_format(format))
 		usage_with_options(for_each_ref_usage, opts);
 
-	if (!sort)
-		sort = default_sort();
-	sort_atom_limit = used_atom_cnt;
+	if (!sorting)
+		sorting = ref_default_sorting();
 
 	/* for warn_ambiguous_refs */
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
-	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
-	cbdata.grab_pattern = argv;
-	for_each_rawref(grab_single_ref, &cbdata);
-	refs = cbdata.grab_array;
-	num_refs = cbdata.grab_cnt;
-
-	sort_refs(sort, refs, num_refs);
+	filter.name_patterns = argv;
+	filter.match_as_path = 1;
+	filter_refs(&array, &filter, FILTER_REFS_ALL | FILTER_REFS_INCLUDE_BROKEN);
+	ref_array_sort(sorting, &array);
 
-	if (!maxcount || num_refs < maxcount)
-		maxcount = num_refs;
+	if (!maxcount || array.nr < maxcount)
+		maxcount = array.nr;
 	for (i = 0; i < maxcount; i++)
-		show_ref(refs[i], format, quote_style);
+		show_ref_array_item(array.items[i], format, quote_style);
+	ref_array_clear(&array);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index 8c479a791b..3f27456883 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -12,68 +12,80 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
 
 #define REACHABLE 0x0001
 #define SEEN      0x0002
+#define HAS_OBJ   0x0004
 
 static int show_root;
 static int show_tags;
 static int show_unreachable;
 static int include_reflogs = 1;
 static int check_full = 1;
+static int connectivity_only;
 static int check_strict;
 static int keep_cache_objects;
-static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+static struct fsck_options fsck_walk_options = FSCK_OPTIONS_DEFAULT;
+static struct fsck_options fsck_obj_options = FSCK_OPTIONS_DEFAULT;
+static struct object_id head_oid;
 static const char *head_points_at;
 static int errors_found;
 static int write_lost_and_found;
 static int verbose;
 static int show_progress = -1;
+static int show_dangling = 1;
 #define ERROR_OBJECT 01
 #define ERROR_REACHABLE 02
 #define ERROR_PACK 04
+#define ERROR_REFS 010
 
-#ifdef NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
-#define SORT_DIRENT 0
-#define DIRENT_SORT_HINT(de) 0
-#else
-#define SORT_DIRENT 1
-#define DIRENT_SORT_HINT(de) ((de)->d_ino)
-#endif
+static int fsck_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (strcmp(var, "fsck.skiplist") == 0) {
+		const char *path;
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (git_config_pathname(&path, var, value))
+			return 1;
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "skiplist=%s", path);
+		free((char *)path);
+		fsck_set_msg_types(&fsck_obj_options, sb.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
-static void objreport(struct object *obj, const char *severity,
-                      const char *err, va_list params)
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "fsck.", &var)) {
+		fsck_set_msg_type(&fsck_obj_options, var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static void objreport(struct object *obj, const char *msg_type,
+			const char *err)
 {
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s in %s %s: ",
-	        severity, typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	vfprintf(stderr, err, params);
-	fputs("\n", stderr);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s in %s %s: %s\n",
+		msg_type, typename(obj->type), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid), err);
 }
 
-__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
-static int objerror(struct object *obj, const char *err, ...)
+static int objerror(struct object *obj, const char *err)
 {
-	va_list params;
-	va_start(params, err);
 	errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
-	objreport(obj, "error", err, params);
-	va_end(params);
+	objreport(obj, "error", err);
 	return -1;
 }
 
-__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
-static int fsck_error_func(struct object *obj, int type, const char *err, ...)
+static int fsck_error_func(struct object *obj, int type, const char *message)
 {
-	va_list params;
-	va_start(params, err);
-	objreport(obj, (type == FSCK_WARN) ? "warning" : "error", err, params);
-	va_end(params);
+	objreport(obj, (type == FSCK_WARN) ? "warning" : "error", message);
 	return (type == FSCK_WARN) ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static struct object_array pending;
 
-static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
+static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	struct object *parent = data;
 
@@ -85,7 +97,7 @@ static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 	if (!obj) {
 		/* ... these references to parent->fld are safe here */
 		printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
-			   typename(parent->type), sha1_to_hex(parent->sha1));
+			   typename(parent->type), oid_to_hex(&parent->oid));
 		printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
 			   (type == OBJ_ANY ? "unknown" : typename(type)), "unknown");
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
@@ -99,24 +111,24 @@ static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
 		return 0;
 	obj->flags |= REACHABLE;
-	if (!obj->parsed) {
-		if (parent && !has_sha1_file(obj->sha1)) {
+	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
+		if (parent && !has_object_file(&obj->oid)) {
 			printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
-				 typename(parent->type), sha1_to_hex(parent->sha1));
+				 typename(parent->type), oid_to_hex(&parent->oid));
 			printf("              to %7s %s\n",
-				 typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+				 typename(obj->type), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 			errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		}
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	add_object_array(obj, (void *) parent, &pending);
+	add_object_array(obj, NULL, &pending);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void mark_object_reachable(struct object *obj)
 {
-	mark_object(obj, OBJ_ANY, NULL);
+	mark_object(obj, OBJ_ANY, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 static int traverse_one_object(struct object *obj)
@@ -125,16 +137,13 @@ static int traverse_one_object(struct object *obj)
 	struct tree *tree = NULL;
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-		obj->parsed = 0;
 		tree = (struct tree *)obj;
 		if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
 			return 1; /* error already displayed */
 	}
-	result = fsck_walk(obj, mark_object, obj);
-	if (tree) {
-		free(tree->buffer);
-		tree->buffer = NULL;
-	}
+	result = fsck_walk(obj, obj, &fsck_walk_options);
+	if (tree)
+		free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -144,7 +153,7 @@ static int traverse_reachable(void)
 	unsigned int nr = 0;
 	int result = 0;
 	if (show_progress)
-		progress = start_progress_delay("Checking connectivity", 0, 0, 2);
+		progress = start_progress_delay(_("Checking connectivity"), 0, 0, 2);
 	while (pending.nr) {
 		struct object_array_entry *entry;
 		struct object *obj;
@@ -158,7 +167,7 @@ static int traverse_reachable(void)
 	return !!result;
 }
 
-static int mark_used(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
+static int mark_used(struct object *obj, int type, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	if (!obj)
 		return 1;
@@ -176,10 +185,12 @@ static void check_reachable_object(struct object *obj)
 	 * except if it was in a pack-file and we didn't
 	 * do a full fsck
 	 */
-	if (!obj->parsed) {
-		if (has_sha1_pack(obj->sha1))
+	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
+		if (has_sha1_pack(obj->oid.hash))
 			return; /* it is in pack - forget about it */
-		printf("missing %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		if (connectivity_only && has_object_file(&obj->oid))
+			return;
+		printf("missing %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		return;
 	}
@@ -204,7 +215,7 @@ static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
 	 * since this is something that is prunable.
 	 */
 	if (show_unreachable) {
-		printf("unreachable %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		printf("unreachable %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -221,33 +232,31 @@ static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
 	 * start looking at, for example.
 	 */
 	if (!obj->used) {
-		printf("dangling %s %s\n", typename(obj->type),
-		       sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		if (show_dangling)
+			printf("dangling %s %s\n", typename(obj->type),
+			       oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 		if (write_lost_and_found) {
-			char *filename = git_path("lost-found/%s/%s",
+			char *filename = git_pathdup("lost-found/%s/%s",
 				obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT ? "commit" : "other",
-				sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+				oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 			FILE *f;
 
-			if (safe_create_leading_directories(filename)) {
+			if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(filename)) {
 				error("Could not create lost-found");
+				free(filename);
 				return;
 			}
 			if (!(f = fopen(filename, "w")))
 				die_errno("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
-				enum object_type type;
-				unsigned long size;
-				char *buf = read_sha1_file(obj->sha1,
-						&type, &size);
-				if (buf && fwrite(buf, 1, size, f) != size)
+				if (stream_blob_to_fd(fileno(f), obj->oid.hash, NULL, 1))
 					die_errno("Could not write '%s'", filename);
-				free(buf);
 			} else
-				fprintf(f, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+				fprintf(f, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 			if (fclose(f))
 				die_errno("Could not finish '%s'",
 					  filename);
+			free(filename);
 		}
 		return;
 	}
@@ -262,7 +271,7 @@ static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
 static void check_object(struct object *obj)
 {
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s\n", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 
 	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
 		check_reachable_object(obj);
@@ -298,36 +307,34 @@ static int fsck_obj(struct object *obj)
 
 	if (verbose)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s %s\n",
-			typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+			typename(obj->type), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 
-	if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_used, NULL))
+	if (fsck_walk(obj, NULL, &fsck_obj_options))
 		objerror(obj, "broken links");
-	if (fsck_object(obj, check_strict, fsck_error_func))
+	if (fsck_object(obj, NULL, 0, &fsck_obj_options))
 		return -1;
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
 
-		free(item->buffer);
-		item->buffer = NULL;
+		free_tree_buffer(item);
 	}
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
 
-		free(commit->buffer);
-		commit->buffer = NULL;
+		free_commit_buffer(commit);
 
 		if (!commit->parents && show_root)
-			printf("root %s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			printf("root %s\n", oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 	}
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) obj;
 
 		if (show_tags && tag->tagged) {
-			printf("tagged %s %s", typename(tag->tagged->type), sha1_to_hex(tag->tagged->sha1));
-			printf(" (%s) in %s\n", tag->tag, sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+			printf("tagged %s %s", typename(tag->tagged->type), oid_to_hex(&tag->tagged->oid));
+			printf(" (%s) in %s\n", tag->tag, oid_to_hex(&tag->object.oid));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -342,6 +349,7 @@ static int fsck_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing",
 			     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	obj->flags |= HAS_OBJ;
 	return fsck_obj(obj);
 }
 
@@ -354,154 +362,66 @@ static int fsck_obj_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
 		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	obj->flags = HAS_OBJ;
 	return fsck_obj(obj);
 }
 
-/*
- * This is the sorting chunk size: make it reasonably
- * big so that we can sort well..
- */
-#define MAX_SHA1_ENTRIES (1024)
-
-struct sha1_entry {
-	unsigned long ino;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-};
-
-static struct {
-	unsigned long nr;
-	struct sha1_entry *entry[MAX_SHA1_ENTRIES];
-} sha1_list;
-
-static int ino_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
-{
-	const struct sha1_entry *a = _a, *b = _b;
-	unsigned long ino1 = a->ino, ino2 = b->ino;
-	return ino1 < ino2 ? -1 : ino1 > ino2 ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-static void fsck_sha1_list(void)
-{
-	int i, nr = sha1_list.nr;
-
-	if (SORT_DIRENT)
-		qsort(sha1_list.entry, nr,
-		      sizeof(struct sha1_entry *), ino_compare);
-	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
-		struct sha1_entry *entry = sha1_list.entry[i];
-		unsigned char *sha1 = entry->sha1;
-
-		sha1_list.entry[i] = NULL;
-		fsck_sha1(sha1);
-		free(entry);
-	}
-	sha1_list.nr = 0;
-}
-
-static void add_sha1_list(unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long ino)
-{
-	struct sha1_entry *entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
-	int nr;
-
-	entry->ino = ino;
-	hashcpy(entry->sha1, sha1);
-	nr = sha1_list.nr;
-	if (nr == MAX_SHA1_ENTRIES) {
-		fsck_sha1_list();
-		nr = 0;
-	}
-	sha1_list.entry[nr] = entry;
-	sha1_list.nr = ++nr;
-}
-
-static inline int is_loose_object_file(struct dirent *de,
-				       char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	if (strlen(de->d_name) != 38)
-		return 0;
-	memcpy(name + 2, de->d_name, 39);
-	return !get_sha1_hex(name, sha1);
-}
+static int default_refs;
 
-static void fsck_dir(int i, char *path)
+static void fsck_handle_reflog_sha1(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
-	struct dirent *de;
-	char name[100];
-
-	if (!dir)
-		return;
-
-	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking directory %s\n", path);
-
-	sprintf(name, "%02x", i);
-	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object *obj;
 
-		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
-			continue;
-		if (is_loose_object_file(de, name, sha1)) {
-			add_sha1_list(sha1, DIRENT_SORT_HINT(de));
-			continue;
+	if (!is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+		obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+		if (obj) {
+			obj->used = 1;
+			mark_object_reachable(obj);
+		} else {
+			error("%s: invalid reflog entry %s", refname, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_obj_"))
-			continue;
-		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s/%s\n", path, de->d_name);
 	}
-	closedir(dir);
 }
 
-static int default_refs;
-
 static int fsck_handle_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
 		const char *message, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *obj;
+	const char *refname = cb_data;
 
 	if (verbose)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Checking reflog %s->%s\n",
 			sha1_to_hex(osha1), sha1_to_hex(nsha1));
 
-	if (!is_null_sha1(osha1)) {
-		obj = lookup_object(osha1);
-		if (obj) {
-			obj->used = 1;
-			mark_object_reachable(obj);
-		}
-	}
-	obj = lookup_object(nsha1);
-	if (obj) {
-		obj->used = 1;
-		mark_object_reachable(obj);
-	}
+	fsck_handle_reflog_sha1(refname, osha1);
+	fsck_handle_reflog_sha1(refname, nsha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int fsck_handle_reflog(const char *logname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int fsck_handle_reflog(const char *logname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			      int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	for_each_reflog_ent(logname, fsck_handle_reflog_ent, NULL);
+	for_each_reflog_ent(logname, fsck_handle_reflog_ent, (void *)logname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int is_branch(const char *refname)
-{
-	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") || !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
-}
-
-static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			   int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
 
-	obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	obj = parse_object(oid->hash);
 	if (!obj) {
-		error("%s: invalid sha1 pointer %s", refname, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		error("%s: invalid sha1 pointer %s", refname, oid_to_hex(oid));
+		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		/* We'll continue with the rest despite the error.. */
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT && is_branch(refname))
+	if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT && is_branch(refname)) {
 		error("%s: not a commit", refname);
+		errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
+	}
 	default_refs++;
 	obj->used = 1;
 	mark_object_reachable(obj);
@@ -511,9 +431,9 @@ static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int f
 
 static void get_default_heads(void)
 {
-	if (head_points_at && !is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
-		fsck_handle_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL);
-	for_each_ref(fsck_handle_ref, NULL);
+	if (head_points_at && !is_null_oid(&head_oid))
+		fsck_handle_ref("HEAD", &head_oid, 0, NULL);
+	for_each_rawref(fsck_handle_ref, NULL);
 	if (include_reflogs)
 		for_each_reflog(fsck_handle_reflog, NULL);
 
@@ -535,46 +455,67 @@ static void get_default_heads(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static int fsck_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, void *data)
+{
+	if (fsck_sha1(sha1))
+		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fsck_cruft(const char *basename, const char *path, void *data)
+{
+	if (!starts_with(basename, "tmp_obj_"))
+		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s\n", path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fsck_subdir(int nr, const char *path, void *progress)
+{
+	display_progress(progress, nr + 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void fsck_object_dir(const char *path)
 {
-	int i;
 	struct progress *progress = NULL;
 
 	if (verbose)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Checking object directory\n");
 
 	if (show_progress)
-		progress = start_progress("Checking object directories", 256);
-	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-		static char dir[4096];
-		sprintf(dir, "%s/%02x", path, i);
-		fsck_dir(i, dir);
-		display_progress(progress, i+1);
-	}
+		progress = start_progress(_("Checking object directories"), 256);
+
+	for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(path, fsck_loose, fsck_cruft, fsck_subdir,
+				      progress);
+	display_progress(progress, 256);
 	stop_progress(&progress);
-	fsck_sha1_list();
 }
 
 static int fsck_head_link(void)
 {
-	int flag;
 	int null_is_error = 0;
 
 	if (verbose)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Checking HEAD link\n");
 
-	head_points_at = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, &flag);
-	if (!head_points_at)
+	head_points_at = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, head_oid.hash, NULL);
+	if (!head_points_at) {
+		errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
 		return error("Invalid HEAD");
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(head_points_at, "HEAD"))
 		/* detached HEAD */
 		null_is_error = 1;
-	else if (prefixcmp(head_points_at, "refs/heads/"))
+	else if (!starts_with(head_points_at, "refs/heads/")) {
+		errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
 		return error("HEAD points to something strange (%s)",
 			     head_points_at);
-	if (is_null_sha1(head_sha1)) {
-		if (null_is_error)
+	}
+	if (is_null_oid(&head_oid)) {
+		if (null_is_error) {
+			errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
 			return error("HEAD: detached HEAD points at nothing");
+		}
 		fprintf(stderr, "notice: HEAD points to an unborn branch (%s)\n",
 			head_points_at + 11);
 	}
@@ -594,6 +535,7 @@ static int fsck_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it)
 		if (!obj) {
 			error("%s: invalid sha1 pointer in cache-tree",
 			      sha1_to_hex(it->sha1));
+			errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
 			return 1;
 		}
 		obj->used = 1;
@@ -607,22 +549,24 @@ static int fsck_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it)
 }
 
 static char const * const fsck_usage[] = {
-	"git fsck [options] [<object>...]",
+	N_("git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static struct option fsck_opts[] = {
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, "show unreachable objects"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &show_tags, "report tags"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "report root nodes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, "make index objects head nodes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, "make reflogs head nodes (default)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full", &check_full, "also consider packs and alternate objects"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "strict", &check_strict, "enable more strict checking"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
-				"write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, "show progress"),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, N_("show unreachable objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dangling", &show_dangling, N_("show dangling objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &show_tags, N_("report tags")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("report root nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, N_("make index objects head nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, N_("make reflogs head nodes (default)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "full", &check_full, N_("also consider packs and alternate objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "connectivity-only", &connectivity_only, N_("check only connectivity")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "strict", &check_strict, N_("enable more strict checking")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
+				N_("write dangling objects in .git/lost-found")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -632,10 +576,16 @@ int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 
 	errors_found = 0;
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, fsck_opts, fsck_usage, 0);
 
+	fsck_walk_options.walk = mark_object;
+	fsck_obj_options.walk = mark_used;
+	fsck_obj_options.error_func = fsck_error_func;
+	if (check_strict)
+		fsck_obj_options.strict = 1;
+
 	if (show_progress == -1)
 		show_progress = isatty(2);
 	if (verbose)
@@ -646,16 +596,21 @@ int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		include_reflogs = 0;
 	}
 
+	git_config(fsck_config, NULL);
+
 	fsck_head_link();
-	fsck_object_dir(get_object_directory());
-
-	prepare_alt_odb();
-	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
-		char namebuf[PATH_MAX];
-		int namelen = alt->name - alt->base;
-		memcpy(namebuf, alt->base, namelen);
-		namebuf[namelen - 1] = 0;
-		fsck_object_dir(namebuf);
+	if (!connectivity_only) {
+		fsck_object_dir(get_object_directory());
+
+		prepare_alt_odb();
+		for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+			/* directory name, minus trailing slash */
+			size_t namelen = alt->name - alt->base - 1;
+			struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_add(&name, alt->base, namelen);
+			fsck_object_dir(name.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&name);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (check_full) {
@@ -672,7 +627,7 @@ int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				total += p->num_objects;
 			}
 
-			progress = start_progress("Checking objects", total);
+			progress = start_progress(_("Checking objects"), total);
 		}
 		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
 			/* verify gives error messages itself */
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index 271376d82b..c583aad6ec 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -11,73 +11,109 @@
  */
 
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "cache.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "commit.h"
 
 #define FAILED_RUN "failed to run %s"
 
 static const char * const builtin_gc_usage[] = {
-	"git gc [options]",
+	N_("git gc [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int pack_refs = 1;
+static int prune_reflogs = 1;
+static int aggressive_depth = 250;
 static int aggressive_window = 250;
 static int gc_auto_threshold = 6700;
 static int gc_auto_pack_limit = 50;
+static int detach_auto = 1;
 static const char *prune_expire = "2.weeks.ago";
+static const char *prune_worktrees_expire = "3.months.ago";
 
-#define MAX_ADD 10
-static const char *argv_pack_refs[] = {"pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL};
-static const char *argv_reflog[] = {"reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL};
-static const char *argv_repack[MAX_ADD] = {"repack", "-d", "-l", NULL};
-static const char *argv_prune[] = {"prune", "--expire", NULL, NULL, NULL};
-static const char *argv_rerere[] = {"rerere", "gc", NULL};
+static struct argv_array pack_refs_cmd = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array reflog = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array repack = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array prune = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array prune_worktrees = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array rerere = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
-static int gc_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static struct tempfile pidfile;
+static struct lock_file log_lock;
+
+static struct string_list pack_garbage = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+static void clean_pack_garbage(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.packrefs")) {
-		if (value && !strcmp(value, "notbare"))
-			pack_refs = -1;
-		else
-			pack_refs = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.aggressivewindow")) {
-		aggressive_window = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.auto")) {
-		gc_auto_threshold = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.autopacklimit")) {
-		gc_auto_pack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.pruneexpire")) {
-		if (value && strcmp(value, "now")) {
-			unsigned long now = approxidate("now");
-			if (approxidate(value) >= now)
-				return error(_("Invalid %s: '%s'"), var, value);
-		}
-		return git_config_string(&prune_expire, var, value);
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < pack_garbage.nr; i++)
+		unlink_or_warn(pack_garbage.items[i].string);
+	string_list_clear(&pack_garbage, 0);
+}
+
+static void report_pack_garbage(unsigned seen_bits, const char *path)
+{
+	if (seen_bits == PACKDIR_FILE_IDX)
+		string_list_append(&pack_garbage, path);
+}
+
+static void git_config_date_string(const char *key, const char **output)
+{
+	if (git_config_get_string_const(key, output))
+		return;
+	if (strcmp(*output, "now")) {
+		unsigned long now = approxidate("now");
+		if (approxidate(*output) >= now)
+			git_die_config(key, _("Invalid %s: '%s'"), key, *output);
 	}
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
-static void append_option(const char **cmd, const char *opt, int max_length)
+static void process_log_file(void)
 {
-	int i;
+	struct stat st;
+	if (!fstat(get_lock_file_fd(&log_lock), &st) && st.st_size)
+		commit_lock_file(&log_lock);
+	else
+		rollback_lock_file(&log_lock);
+}
 
-	for (i = 0; cmd[i]; i++)
-		;
+static void process_log_file_at_exit(void)
+{
+	fflush(stderr);
+	process_log_file();
+}
+
+static void process_log_file_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	process_log_file();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static void gc_config(void)
+{
+	const char *value;
+
+	if (!git_config_get_value("gc.packrefs", &value)) {
+		if (value && !strcmp(value, "notbare"))
+			pack_refs = -1;
+		else
+			pack_refs = git_config_bool("gc.packrefs", value);
+	}
 
-	if (i + 2 >= max_length)
-		die(_("Too many options specified"));
-	cmd[i++] = opt;
-	cmd[i] = NULL;
+	git_config_get_int("gc.aggressivewindow", &aggressive_window);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.aggressivedepth", &aggressive_depth);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.auto", &gc_auto_threshold);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.autopacklimit", &gc_auto_pack_limit);
+	git_config_get_bool("gc.autodetach", &detach_auto);
+	git_config_date_string("gc.pruneexpire", &prune_expire);
+	git_config_date_string("gc.worktreepruneexpire", &prune_worktrees_expire);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 }
 
 static int too_many_loose_objects(void)
@@ -144,6 +180,17 @@ static int too_many_packs(void)
 	return gc_auto_pack_limit <= cnt;
 }
 
+static void add_repack_all_option(void)
+{
+	if (prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now"))
+		argv_array_push(&repack, "-a");
+	else {
+		argv_array_push(&repack, "-A");
+		if (prune_expire)
+			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--unpack-unreachable=%s", prune_expire);
+	}
+}
+
 static int need_to_gc(void)
 {
 	/*
@@ -160,39 +207,142 @@ static int need_to_gc(void)
 	 * there is no need.
 	 */
 	if (too_many_packs())
-		append_option(argv_repack,
-			      prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now") ?
-			      "-a" : "-A",
-			      MAX_ADD);
+		add_repack_all_option();
 	else if (!too_many_loose_objects())
 		return 0;
 
-	if (run_hook(NULL, "pre-auto-gc", NULL))
+	if (run_hook_le(NULL, "pre-auto-gc", NULL))
 		return 0;
 	return 1;
 }
 
+/* return NULL on success, else hostname running the gc */
+static const char *lock_repo_for_gc(int force, pid_t* ret_pid)
+{
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	char my_host[128];
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct stat st;
+	uintmax_t pid;
+	FILE *fp;
+	int fd;
+	char *pidfile_path;
+
+	if (is_tempfile_active(&pidfile))
+		/* already locked */
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (gethostname(my_host, sizeof(my_host)))
+		xsnprintf(my_host, sizeof(my_host), "unknown");
+
+	pidfile_path = git_pathdup("gc.pid");
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, pidfile_path,
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (!force) {
+		static char locking_host[128];
+		int should_exit;
+		fp = fopen(pidfile_path, "r");
+		memset(locking_host, 0, sizeof(locking_host));
+		should_exit =
+			fp != NULL &&
+			!fstat(fileno(fp), &st) &&
+			/*
+			 * 12 hour limit is very generous as gc should
+			 * never take that long. On the other hand we
+			 * don't really need a strict limit here,
+			 * running gc --auto one day late is not a big
+			 * problem. --force can be used in manual gc
+			 * after the user verifies that no gc is
+			 * running.
+			 */
+			time(NULL) - st.st_mtime <= 12 * 3600 &&
+			fscanf(fp, "%"SCNuMAX" %127c", &pid, locking_host) == 2 &&
+			/* be gentle to concurrent "gc" on remote hosts */
+			(strcmp(locking_host, my_host) || !kill(pid, 0) || errno == EPERM);
+		if (fp != NULL)
+			fclose(fp);
+		if (should_exit) {
+			if (fd >= 0)
+				rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+			*ret_pid = pid;
+			free(pidfile_path);
+			return locking_host;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%"PRIuMAX" %s",
+		    (uintmax_t) getpid(), my_host);
+	write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	commit_lock_file(&lock);
+	register_tempfile(&pidfile, pidfile_path);
+	free(pidfile_path);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int report_last_gc_error(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("gc.log"), 0);
+	if (ret > 0)
+		return error(_("The last gc run reported the following. "
+			       "Please correct the root cause\n"
+			       "and remove %s.\n"
+			       "Automatic cleanup will not be performed "
+			       "until the file is removed.\n\n"
+			       "%s"),
+			     git_path("gc.log"), sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gc_before_repack(void)
+{
+	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(pack_refs_cmd.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, pack_refs_cmd.argv[0]);
+
+	if (prune_reflogs && run_command_v_opt(reflog.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, reflog.argv[0]);
+
+	pack_refs = 0;
+	prune_reflogs = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int aggressive = 0;
 	int auto_gc = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
-	char buf[80];
+	int force = 0;
+	const char *name;
+	pid_t pid;
+	int daemonized = 0;
 
 	struct option builtin_gc_options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, "date",
-			"prune unreferenced objects",
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, N_("date"),
+			N_("prune unreferenced objects"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)prune_expire },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, "be more thorough (increased runtime)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "auto", &auto_gc, "enable auto-gc mode"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, N_("be more thorough (increased runtime)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "auto", &auto_gc, N_("enable auto-gc mode")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "force", &force, N_("force running gc even if there may be another gc running")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
 
-	git_config(gc_config, NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&pack_refs_cmd, "pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&reflog, "reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&repack, "repack", "-d", "-l", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&prune, "prune", "--expire", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&prune_worktrees, "worktree", "prune", "--expire", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&rerere, "rerere", "gc", NULL);
+
+	gc_config();
 
 	if (pack_refs < 0)
 		pack_refs = !is_bare_repository();
@@ -203,15 +353,14 @@ int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
 
 	if (aggressive) {
-		append_option(argv_repack, "-f", MAX_ADD);
-		append_option(argv_repack, "--depth=250", MAX_ADD);
-		if (aggressive_window > 0) {
-			sprintf(buf, "--window=%d", aggressive_window);
-			append_option(argv_repack, buf, MAX_ADD);
-		}
+		argv_array_push(&repack, "-f");
+		if (aggressive_depth > 0)
+			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--depth=%d", aggressive_depth);
+		if (aggressive_window > 0)
+			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--window=%d", aggressive_window);
 	}
 	if (quiet)
-		append_option(argv_repack, "-q", MAX_ADD);
+		argv_array_push(&repack, "-q");
 
 	if (auto_gc) {
 		/*
@@ -219,38 +368,74 @@ int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 */
 		if (!need_to_gc())
 			return 0;
-		if (quiet)
-			fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"));
-		else
-			fprintf(stderr,
-					_("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
-					"run \"git gc\" manually. See "
-					"\"git help gc\" for more information.\n"));
+		if (!quiet) {
+			if (detach_auto)
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"));
+			else
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"));
+			fprintf(stderr, _("See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"));
+		}
+		if (detach_auto) {
+			if (report_last_gc_error())
+				return -1;
+
+			if (gc_before_repack())
+				return -1;
+			/*
+			 * failure to daemonize is ok, we'll continue
+			 * in foreground
+			 */
+			daemonized = !daemonize();
+		}
 	} else
-		append_option(argv_repack,
-			      prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now")
-			      ? "-a" : "-A",
-			      MAX_ADD);
-
-	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(argv_pack_refs, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_pack_refs[0]);
-
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_reflog, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_reflog[0]);
-
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_repack, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_repack[0]);
-
-	if (prune_expire) {
-		argv_prune[2] = prune_expire;
-		if (quiet)
-			argv_prune[3] = "--no-progress";
-		if (run_command_v_opt(argv_prune, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-			return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_prune[0]);
+		add_repack_all_option();
+
+	name = lock_repo_for_gc(force, &pid);
+	if (name) {
+		if (auto_gc)
+			return 0; /* be quiet on --auto */
+		die(_("gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %"PRIuMAX" (use --force if not)"),
+		    name, (uintmax_t)pid);
+	}
+
+	if (daemonized) {
+		hold_lock_file_for_update(&log_lock,
+					  git_path("gc.log"),
+					  LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+		dup2(get_lock_file_fd(&log_lock), 2);
+		sigchain_push_common(process_log_file_on_signal);
+		atexit(process_log_file_at_exit);
 	}
 
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_rerere, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_rerere[0]);
+	if (gc_before_repack())
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!repository_format_precious_objects) {
+		if (run_command_v_opt(repack.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+			return error(FAILED_RUN, repack.argv[0]);
+
+		if (prune_expire) {
+			argv_array_push(&prune, prune_expire);
+			if (quiet)
+				argv_array_push(&prune, "--no-progress");
+			if (run_command_v_opt(prune.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+				return error(FAILED_RUN, prune.argv[0]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (prune_worktrees_expire) {
+		argv_array_push(&prune_worktrees, prune_worktrees_expire);
+		if (run_command_v_opt(prune_worktrees.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+			return error(FAILED_RUN, prune_worktrees.argv[0]);
+	}
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(rerere.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, rerere.argv[0]);
+
+	report_garbage = report_pack_garbage;
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	if (pack_garbage.nr > 0)
+		clean_pack_garbage();
 
 	if (auto_gc && too_many_loose_objects())
 		warning(_("There are too many unreachable loose objects; "
diff --git a/builtin/get-tar-commit-id.c b/builtin/get-tar-commit-id.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e21c5416cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/get-tar-commit-id.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Rene Scharfe
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tar.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+static const char builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage[] =
+"git get-tar-commit-id";
+
+/* ustar header + extended global header content */
+#define RECORDSIZE	(512)
+#define HEADERSIZE (2 * RECORDSIZE)
+
+int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	char buffer[HEADERSIZE];
+	struct ustar_header *header = (struct ustar_header *)buffer;
+	char *content = buffer + RECORDSIZE;
+	const char *comment;
+	ssize_t n;
+
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage(builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage);
+
+	n = read_in_full(0, buffer, HEADERSIZE);
+	if (n < HEADERSIZE)
+		die("git get-tar-commit-id: read error");
+	if (header->typeflag[0] != 'g')
+		return 1;
+	if (!skip_prefix(content, "52 comment=", &comment))
+		return 1;
+
+	n = write_in_full(1, comment, 41);
+	if (n < 41)
+		die_errno("git get-tar-commit-id: write error");
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index 5c2ae94e55..462e607901 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -17,37 +17,25 @@
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
-	"git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]",
+	N_("git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int use_threads = 1;
+#define GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT 8
+static int num_threads;
 
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-#define THREADS 8
-static pthread_t threads[THREADS];
-
-static void *load_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size,
-		       const char *name);
-static void *load_file(const char *filename, size_t *sz);
-
-enum work_type {WORK_SHA1, WORK_FILE};
+static pthread_t *threads;
 
 /* We use one producer thread and THREADS consumer
  * threads. The producer adds struct work_items to 'todo' and the
  * consumers pick work items from the same array.
  */
 struct work_item {
-	enum work_type type;
-	char *name;
-
-	/* if type == WORK_SHA1, then 'identifier' is a SHA1,
-	 * otherwise type == WORK_FILE, and 'identifier' is a NUL
-	 * terminated filename.
-	 */
-	void *identifier;
+	struct grep_source source;
 	char done;
 	struct strbuf out;
 };
@@ -75,31 +63,16 @@ static pthread_mutex_t grep_mutex;
 
 static inline void grep_lock(void)
 {
-	if (use_threads)
+	if (num_threads)
 		pthread_mutex_lock(&grep_mutex);
 }
 
 static inline void grep_unlock(void)
 {
-	if (use_threads)
+	if (num_threads)
 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&grep_mutex);
 }
 
-/* Used to serialize calls to read_sha1_file. */
-static pthread_mutex_t read_sha1_mutex;
-
-static inline void read_sha1_lock(void)
-{
-	if (use_threads)
-		pthread_mutex_lock(&read_sha1_mutex);
-}
-
-static inline void read_sha1_unlock(void)
-{
-	if (use_threads)
-		pthread_mutex_unlock(&read_sha1_mutex);
-}
-
 /* Signalled when a new work_item is added to todo. */
 static pthread_cond_t cond_add;
 
@@ -113,7 +86,8 @@ static pthread_cond_t cond_result;
 
 static int skip_first_line;
 
-static void add_work(enum work_type type, char *name, void *id)
+static void add_work(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_source_type type,
+		     const char *name, const char *path, const void *id)
 {
 	grep_lock();
 
@@ -121,9 +95,9 @@ static void add_work(enum work_type type, char *name, void *id)
 		pthread_cond_wait(&cond_write, &grep_mutex);
 	}
 
-	todo[todo_end].type = type;
-	todo[todo_end].name = name;
-	todo[todo_end].identifier = id;
+	grep_source_init(&todo[todo_end].source, type, name, path, id);
+	if (opt->binary != GREP_BINARY_TEXT)
+		grep_source_load_driver(&todo[todo_end].source);
 	todo[todo_end].done = 0;
 	strbuf_reset(&todo[todo_end].out);
 	todo_end = (todo_end + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo);
@@ -151,21 +125,6 @@ static struct work_item *get_work(void)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void grep_sha1_async(struct grep_opt *opt, char *name,
-			    const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	unsigned char *s;
-	s = xmalloc(20);
-	memcpy(s, sha1, 20);
-	add_work(WORK_SHA1, name, s);
-}
-
-static void grep_file_async(struct grep_opt *opt, char *name,
-			    const char *filename)
-{
-	add_work(WORK_FILE, name, xstrdup(filename));
-}
-
 static void work_done(struct work_item *w)
 {
 	int old_done;
@@ -192,8 +151,7 @@ static void work_done(struct work_item *w)
 
 			write_or_die(1, p, len);
 		}
-		free(w->name);
-		free(w->identifier);
+		grep_source_clear(&w->source);
 	}
 
 	if (old_done != todo_done)
@@ -216,25 +174,8 @@ static void *run(void *arg)
 			break;
 
 		opt->output_priv = w;
-		if (w->type == WORK_SHA1) {
-			unsigned long sz;
-			void* data = load_sha1(w->identifier, &sz, w->name);
-
-			if (data) {
-				hit |= grep_buffer(opt, w->name, data, sz);
-				free(data);
-			}
-		} else if (w->type == WORK_FILE) {
-			size_t sz;
-			void* data = load_file(w->identifier, &sz);
-			if (data) {
-				hit |= grep_buffer(opt, w->name, data, sz);
-				free(data);
-			}
-		} else {
-			assert(0);
-		}
-
+		hit |= grep_source(opt, &w->source);
+		grep_source_clear_data(&w->source);
 		work_done(w);
 	}
 	free_grep_patterns(arg);
@@ -254,20 +195,23 @@ static void start_threads(struct grep_opt *opt)
 	int i;
 
 	pthread_mutex_init(&grep_mutex, NULL);
-	pthread_mutex_init(&read_sha1_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&grep_read_mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_mutex_init(&grep_attr_mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_cond_init(&cond_add, NULL);
 	pthread_cond_init(&cond_write, NULL);
 	pthread_cond_init(&cond_result, NULL);
+	grep_use_locks = 1;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(todo); i++) {
 		strbuf_init(&todo[i].out, 0);
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(threads); i++) {
+	threads = xcalloc(num_threads, sizeof(*threads));
+	for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
 		int err;
 		struct grep_opt *o = grep_opt_dup(opt);
 		o->output = strbuf_out;
+		o->debug = 0;
 		compile_grep_patterns(o);
 		err = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, run, o);
 
@@ -295,24 +239,25 @@ static int wait_all(void)
 	pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond_add);
 	grep_unlock();
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(threads); i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
 		void *h;
 		pthread_join(threads[i], &h);
 		hit |= (int) (intptr_t) h;
 	}
 
+	free(threads);
+
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_mutex);
-	pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_sha1_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_read_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_attr_mutex);
 	pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_add);
 	pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_write);
 	pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_result);
+	grep_use_locks = 0;
 
 	return hit;
 }
 #else /* !NO_PTHREADS */
-#define read_sha1_lock()
-#define read_sha1_unlock()
 
 static int wait_all(void)
 {
@@ -320,173 +265,90 @@ static int wait_all(void)
 }
 #endif
 
-static int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static int grep_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	struct grep_opt *opt = cb;
-	char *color = NULL;
-
-	switch (userdiff_config(var, value)) {
-	case 0: break;
-	case -1: return -1;
-	default: return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.extendedregexp")) {
-		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
-			opt->regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
-		else
-			opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
-		return 0;
-	}
+	int st = grep_config(var, value, cb);
+	if (git_color_default_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		st = -1;
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.linenumber")) {
-		opt->linenum = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.threads")) {
+		num_threads = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (num_threads < 0)
+			die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"),
+			    num_threads, var);
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep"))
-		opt->color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.context"))
-		color = opt->color_context;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.filename"))
-		color = opt->color_filename;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.function"))
-		color = opt->color_function;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.linenumber"))
-		color = opt->color_lineno;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.match"))
-		color = opt->color_match;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.selected"))
-		color = opt->color_selected;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.separator"))
-		color = opt->color_sep;
-	else
-		return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
-	if (color) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, color);
-	}
-	return 0;
+	return st;
 }
 
 static void *lock_and_read_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	void *data;
 
-	read_sha1_lock();
+	grep_read_lock();
 	data = read_sha1_file(sha1, type, size);
-	read_sha1_unlock();
-	return data;
-}
-
-static void *load_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size,
-		       const char *name)
-{
-	enum object_type type;
-	void *data = lock_and_read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, size);
-
-	if (!data)
-		error(_("'%s': unable to read %s"), name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-
+	grep_read_unlock();
 	return data;
 }
 
 static int grep_sha1(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		     const char *filename, int tree_name_len)
+		     const char *filename, int tree_name_len,
+		     const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *name;
 
 	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
-		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, -1, &pathbuf,
-				    opt->prefix);
+		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, opt->prefix, &pathbuf);
 		strbuf_insert(&pathbuf, 0, filename, tree_name_len);
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename);
 	}
 
-	name = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, NULL);
-
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (use_threads) {
-		grep_sha1_async(opt, name, sha1);
+	if (num_threads) {
+		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, sha1);
+		strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 		return 0;
 	} else
 #endif
 	{
+		struct grep_source gs;
 		int hit;
-		unsigned long sz;
-		void *data = load_sha1(sha1, &sz, name);
-		if (!data)
-			hit = 0;
-		else
-			hit = grep_buffer(opt, name, data, sz);
-
-		free(data);
-		free(name);
-		return hit;
-	}
-}
 
-static void *load_file(const char *filename, size_t *sz)
-{
-	struct stat st;
-	char *data;
-	int i;
+		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, sha1);
+		strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
+		hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 
-	if (lstat(filename, &st) < 0) {
-	err_ret:
-		if (errno != ENOENT)
-			error(_("'%s': %s"), filename, strerror(errno));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-		return NULL;
-	*sz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
-	i = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
-	if (i < 0)
-		goto err_ret;
-	data = xmalloc(*sz + 1);
-	if (st.st_size != read_in_full(i, data, *sz)) {
-		error(_("'%s': short read %s"), filename, strerror(errno));
-		close(i);
-		free(data);
-		return NULL;
+		grep_source_clear(&gs);
+		return hit;
 	}
-	close(i);
-	data[*sz] = 0;
-	return data;
 }
 
 static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *name;
 
 	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length)
-		quote_path_relative(filename, -1, &buf, opt->prefix);
+		quote_path_relative(filename, opt->prefix, &buf);
 	else
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, filename);
-	name = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (use_threads) {
-		grep_file_async(opt, name, filename);
+	if (num_threads) {
+		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		return 0;
 	} else
 #endif
 	{
+		struct grep_source gs;
 		int hit;
-		size_t sz;
-		void *data = load_file(filename, &sz);
-		if (!data)
-			hit = 0;
-		else
-			hit = grep_buffer(opt, name, data, sz);
 
-		free(data);
-		free(name);
+		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
+
+		grep_source_clear(&gs);
 		return hit;
 	}
 }
@@ -503,19 +365,17 @@ static void append_path(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *data, size_t len)
 static void run_pager(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct string_list *path_list = opt->output_priv;
-	const char **argv = xmalloc(sizeof(const char *) * (path_list->nr + 1));
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int i, status;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < path_list->nr; i++)
-		argv[i] = path_list->items[i].string;
-	argv[path_list->nr] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&child.args, path_list->items[i].string);
+	child.dir = prefix;
+	child.use_shell = 1;
 
-	if (prefix && chdir(prefix))
-		die(_("Failed to chdir: %s"), prefix);
-	status = run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_USING_SHELL);
+	status = run_command(&child);
 	if (status)
 		exit(status);
-	free(argv);
 }
 
 static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int cached)
@@ -525,10 +385,10 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int
 	read_cache();
 
 	for (nr = 0; nr < active_nr; nr++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
-		if (!S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
+		if (!S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode) || ce_intent_to_add(ce))
 			continue;
-		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		/*
 		 * If CE_VALID is on, we assume worktree file and its cache entry
@@ -538,7 +398,7 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int
 		if (cached || (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) || ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
 			if (ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
-			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
+			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, ce->sha1, ce->name, 0, ce->name);
 		}
 		else
 			hit |= grep_file(opt, ce->name);
@@ -556,7 +416,8 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int
 }
 
 static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-		     struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *base, int tn_len)
+		     struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *base, int tn_len,
+		     int check_attr)
 {
 	int hit = 0;
 	enum interesting match = entry_not_interesting;
@@ -577,7 +438,8 @@ static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		strbuf_add(base, entry.path, te_len);
 
 		if (S_ISREG(entry.mode)) {
-			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, entry.sha1, base->buf, tn_len);
+			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, entry.oid->hash, base->buf, tn_len,
+					 check_attr ? base->buf + tn_len : NULL);
 		}
 		else if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
 			enum object_type type;
@@ -585,14 +447,15 @@ static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			void *data;
 			unsigned long size;
 
-			data = lock_and_read_sha1_file(entry.sha1, &type, &size);
+			data = lock_and_read_sha1_file(entry.oid->hash, &type, &size);
 			if (!data)
 				die(_("unable to read tree (%s)"),
-				    sha1_to_hex(entry.sha1));
+				    oid_to_hex(entry.oid));
 
 			strbuf_addch(base, '/');
 			init_tree_desc(&sub, data, size);
-			hit |= grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &sub, base, tn_len);
+			hit |= grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &sub, base, tn_len,
+					 check_attr);
 			free(data);
 		}
 		strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
@@ -604,10 +467,10 @@ static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 }
 
 static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-		       struct object *obj, const char *name)
+		       struct object *obj, const char *name, const char *path)
 {
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
-		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0);
+		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->oid.hash, name, 0, path);
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		struct tree_desc tree;
 		void *data;
@@ -615,13 +478,13 @@ static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		struct strbuf base;
 		int hit, len;
 
-		read_sha1_lock();
-		data = read_object_with_reference(obj->sha1, tree_type,
+		grep_read_lock();
+		data = read_object_with_reference(obj->oid.hash, tree_type,
 						  &size, NULL);
-		read_sha1_unlock();
+		grep_read_unlock();
 
 		if (!data)
-			die(_("unable to read tree (%s)"), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+			die(_("unable to read tree (%s)"), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 
 		len = name ? strlen(name) : 0;
 		strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX + len + 1);
@@ -630,7 +493,8 @@ static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			strbuf_addch(&base, ':');
 		}
 		init_tree_desc(&tree, data, size);
-		hit = grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &tree, &base, base.len);
+		hit = grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &tree, &base, base.len,
+				obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT);
 		strbuf_release(&base);
 		free(data);
 		return hit;
@@ -648,7 +512,7 @@ static int grep_objects(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 		struct object *real_obj;
 		real_obj = deref_tag(list->objects[i].item, NULL, 0);
-		if (grep_object(opt, pathspec, real_obj, list->objects[i].name)) {
+		if (grep_object(opt, pathspec, real_obj, list->objects[i].name, list->objects[i].path)) {
 			hit = 1;
 			if (opt->status_only)
 				break;
@@ -658,20 +522,20 @@ static int grep_objects(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 }
 
 static int grep_directory(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-			  int exc_std)
+			  int exc_std, int use_index)
 {
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 	int i, hit = 0;
 
 	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	if (!use_index)
+		dir.flags |= DIR_NO_GITLINKS;
 	if (exc_std)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec->raw);
+	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-		const char *name = dir.entries[i]->name;
-		int namelen = strlen(name);
-		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, name, namelen, 0, NULL))
+		if (!dir_path_match(dir.entries[i], pathspec, 0, NULL))
 			continue;
 		hit |= grep_file(opt, dir.entries[i]->name);
 		if (hit && opt->status_only)
@@ -711,16 +575,13 @@ static int file_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	patterns = from_stdin ? stdin : fopen(arg, "r");
 	if (!patterns)
 		die_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), arg);
-	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, patterns, '\n') == 0) {
-		char *s;
-		size_t len;
-
+	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, patterns) == 0) {
 		/* ignore empty line like grep does */
 		if (sb.len == 0)
 			continue;
 
-		s = strbuf_detach(&sb, &len);
-		append_grep_pat(grep_opt, s, len, arg, ++lno, GREP_PATTERN);
+		append_grep_pat(grep_opt, sb.buf, sb.len, arg, ++lno,
+				GREP_PATTERN);
 	}
 	if (!from_stdin)
 		fclose(patterns);
@@ -764,11 +625,6 @@ static int pattern_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int help_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	return -1;
-}
-
 int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int hit = 0;
@@ -778,104 +634,99 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *show_in_pager = NULL, *default_pager = "dummy";
 	struct grep_opt opt;
 	struct object_array list = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	const char **paths = NULL;
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct string_list path_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	int i;
 	int dummy;
 	int use_index = 1;
-	enum {
-		pattern_type_unspecified = 0,
-		pattern_type_bre,
-		pattern_type_ere,
-		pattern_type_fixed,
-		pattern_type_pcre,
-	};
-	int pattern_type = pattern_type_unspecified;
+	int pattern_type_arg = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
-			"search in index instead of in the work tree"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "index", &use_index, NULL,
-			"finds in contents not managed by git",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "untracked", &untracked,
-			"search in both tracked and untracked files"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
+			N_("search in index instead of in the work tree")),
+		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "no-index", &use_index,
+			 N_("find in contents not managed by git"), 1),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "untracked", &untracked,
+			N_("search in both tracked and untracked files")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exclude-standard", &opt_exclude,
-			    "search also in ignored files", 1),
+			    N_("ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"), 1),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
-			"show non-matching lines"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
-			"case insensitive matching"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
-			"match patterns only at word boundaries"),
+		OPT_BOOL('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
+			N_("show non-matching lines")),
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
+			N_("case insensitive matching")),
+		OPT_BOOL('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
+			N_("match patterns only at word boundaries")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
-			"process binary files as text", GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
+			N_("process binary files as text"), GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
 		OPT_SET_INT('I', NULL, &opt.binary,
-			"don't match patterns in binary files",
+			N_("don't match patterns in binary files"),
 			GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, "depth",
-			"descend at most <depth> levels", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "textconv", &opt.allow_textconv,
+			 N_("process binary files with textconv filters")),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, N_("depth"),
+			N_("descend at most <depth> levels"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			NULL, 1 },
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use extended POSIX regular expressions",
-			    pattern_type_ere),
-		OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)",
-			    pattern_type_bre),
-		OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type,
-			    "interpret patterns as fixed strings",
-			    pattern_type_fixed),
-		OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use Perl-compatible regular expressions",
-			    pattern_type_pcre),
+		OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use extended POSIX regular expressions"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE),
+		OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE),
+		OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("interpret patterns as fixed strings"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED),
+		OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use Perl-compatible regular expressions"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, "show line numbers"),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, "don't show filenames", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, "show filenames", 1),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("don't show filenames"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("show filenames"), 1),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
-			"show filenames relative to top directory", 1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
-			"show only filenames instead of matching lines"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
-			"synonym for --files-with-matches"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('L', "files-without-match",
+			N_("show filenames relative to top directory"), 1),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
+			N_("show only filenames instead of matching lines")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
+			N_("synonym for --files-with-matches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('L', "files-without-match",
 			&opt.unmatch_name_only,
-			"show only the names of files without match"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
-			"print NUL after filenames"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "count", &opt.count,
-			"show the number of matches instead of matching lines"),
-		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, "highlight matches"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
-			"print empty line between matches from different files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
-			"show filename only once above matches from same file"),
+			N_("show only the names of files without match")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
+			N_("print NUL after filenames")),
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "count", &opt.count,
+			N_("show the number of matches instead of matching lines")),
+		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, N_("highlight matches")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
+			N_("print empty line between matches from different files")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
+			N_("show filename only once above matches from same file")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, "n",
-			"show <n> context lines before and after matches",
+		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, N_("n"),
+			N_("show <n> context lines before and after matches"),
 			context_callback),
 		OPT_INTEGER('B', "before-context", &opt.pre_context,
-			"show <n> context lines before matches"),
+			N_("show <n> context lines before matches")),
 		OPT_INTEGER('A', "after-context", &opt.post_context,
-			"show <n> context lines after matches"),
-		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, "shortcut for -C NUM",
+			N_("show <n> context lines after matches")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "threads", &num_threads,
+			N_("use <n> worker threads")),
+		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, N_("shortcut for -C NUM"),
 			context_callback),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
-			"show a line with the function name before matches"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
-			"show the surrounding function"),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
+			N_("show a line with the function name before matches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
+			N_("show the surrounding function")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, "file",
-			"read patterns from file", file_callback),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, "pattern",
-			"match <pattern>", PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
+		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, N_("file"),
+			N_("read patterns from file"), file_callback),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, N_("pattern"),
+			N_("match <pattern>"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "and", &opt, NULL,
-		  "combine patterns specified with -e",
+		  N_("combine patterns specified with -e"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, and_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "not", &opt, NULL, "",
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, not_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, '(', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
@@ -885,46 +736,24 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
 		  close_callback },
 		OPT__QUIET(&opt.status_only,
-			   "indicate hit with exit status without output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
-			"show only matches from files that match all patterns"),
+			   N_("indicate hit with exit status without output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
+			N_("show only matches from files that match all patterns")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "debug", &opt.debug, NULL,
+		  N_("show parse tree for grep expression"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1 },
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'O', "open-files-in-pager", &show_in_pager,
-			"pager", "show matching files in the pager",
+			N_("pager"), N_("show matching files in the pager"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)default_pager },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
-			    "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", &options, NULL, "show usage",
-		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
+			 N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
-	/*
-	 * 'git grep -h', unlike 'git grep -h <pattern>', is a request
-	 * to show usage information and exit.
-	 */
-	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage_with_options(grep_usage, options);
-
-	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
-	opt.prefix = prefix;
-	opt.prefix_length = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	opt.relative = 1;
-	opt.pathname = 1;
-	opt.pattern_tail = &opt.pattern_list;
-	opt.header_tail = &opt.header_list;
-	opt.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
-	opt.max_depth = -1;
-
-	strcpy(opt.color_context, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_filename, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_function, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_lineno, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_match, GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED);
-	strcpy(opt.color_selected, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_sep, GIT_COLOR_CYAN);
-	opt.color = -1;
-	git_config(grep_config, &opt);
+	init_grep_defaults();
+	git_config(grep_cmd_config, NULL);
+	grep_init(&opt, prefix);
 
 	/*
 	 * If there is no -- then the paths must exist in the working
@@ -938,35 +767,19 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 */
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, grep_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
-			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION |
-			     PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
-	switch (pattern_type) {
-	case pattern_type_fixed:
-		opt.fixed = 1;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_bre:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		opt.regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_ere:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		opt.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_pcre:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 1;
-		break;
-	default:
-		break; /* nothing */
+			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
+	grep_commit_pattern_type(pattern_type_arg, &opt);
+
+	if (use_index && !startup_info->have_repository) {
+		int fallback = 0;
+		git_config_get_bool("grep.fallbacktonoindex", &fallback);
+		if (fallback)
+			use_index = 0;
+		else
+			/* die the same way as if we did it at the beginning */
+			setup_git_directory();
 	}
 
-	if (use_index && !startup_info->have_repository)
-		/* die the same way as if we did it at the beginning */
-		setup_git_directory();
-
 	/*
 	 * skip a -- separator; we know it cannot be
 	 * separating revisions from pathnames if
@@ -994,7 +807,6 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		opt.output_priv = &path_list;
 		opt.output = append_path;
 		string_list_append(&path_list, show_in_pager);
-		use_threads = 0;
 	}
 
 	if (!opt.pattern_list)
@@ -1008,12 +820,13 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_context oc;
 		/* Is it a rev? */
-		if (!get_sha1(arg, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die(_("bad object %s"), arg);
-			add_object_array(object, arg, &list);
+		if (!get_sha1_with_context(arg, 0, sha1, &oc)) {
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, arg);
+			if (!seen_dashdash)
+				verify_non_filename(prefix, arg);
+			add_object_array_with_path(object, arg, &list, oc.mode, oc.path);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
@@ -1024,16 +837,18 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (list.nr || cached || online_cpus() == 1)
-		use_threads = 0;
+	if (list.nr || cached || show_in_pager)
+		num_threads = 0;
+	else if (num_threads == 0)
+		num_threads = GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT;
+	else if (num_threads < 0)
+		die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"), num_threads);
 #else
-	use_threads = 0;
+	num_threads = 0;
 #endif
 
-	opt.use_threads = use_threads;
-
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (use_threads) {
+	if (num_threads) {
 		if (!(opt.name_only || opt.unmatch_name_only || opt.count)
 		    && (opt.pre_context || opt.post_context ||
 			opt.file_break || opt.funcbody))
@@ -1046,11 +861,13 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!seen_dashdash) {
 		int j;
 		for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
-			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j]);
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 	}
 
-	paths = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + i);
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       (opt.max_depth != -1 ? PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID : 0),
+		       prefix, argv + i);
 	pathspec.max_depth = opt.max_depth;
 	pathspec.recursive = 1;
 
@@ -1064,6 +881,9 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (len > 4 && is_dir_sep(pager[len - 5]))
 			pager += len - 4;
 
+		if (opt.ignore_case && !strcmp("less", pager))
+			string_list_append(&path_list, "-I");
+
 		if (!strcmp("less", pager) || !strcmp("vi", pager)) {
 			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "+/%s%s",
@@ -1074,7 +894,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!show_in_pager)
+	if (!show_in_pager && !opt.status_only)
 		setup_pager();
 
 	if (!use_index && (untracked || cached))
@@ -1084,7 +904,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int use_exclude = (opt_exclude < 0) ? use_index : !!opt_exclude;
 		if (list.nr)
 			die(_("--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."));
-		hit = grep_directory(&opt, &pathspec, use_exclude);
+		hit = grep_directory(&opt, &pathspec, use_exclude, use_index);
 	} else if (0 <= opt_exclude) {
 		die(_("--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."));
 	} else if (!list.nr) {
@@ -1098,7 +918,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		hit = grep_objects(&opt, &pathspec, &list);
 	}
 
-	if (use_threads)
+	if (num_threads)
 		hit |= wait_all();
 	if (hit && show_in_pager)
 		run_pager(&opt, prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/hash-object.c b/builtin/hash-object.c
index 33911fd5e9..f7d3567dd0 100644
--- a/builtin/hash-object.c
+++ b/builtin/hash-object.c
@@ -10,86 +10,104 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 
-static void hash_fd(int fd, const char *type, int write_object, const char *path)
+/*
+ * This is to create corrupt objects for debugging and as such it
+ * needs to bypass the data conversion performed by, and the type
+ * limitation imposed by, index_fd() and its callees.
+ */
+static int hash_literally(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, const char *type, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, fd, 4096) < 0)
+		ret = -1;
+	else
+		ret = hash_sha1_file_literally(buf.buf, buf.len, type, sha1, flags);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void hash_fd(int fd, const char *type, const char *path, unsigned flags,
+		    int literally)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned flags = (HASH_FORMAT_CHECK |
-			  (write_object ? HASH_WRITE_OBJECT : 0));
 
 	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0 ||
-	    index_fd(sha1, fd, &st, type_from_string(type), path, flags))
-		die(write_object
+	    (literally
+	     ? hash_literally(sha1, fd, type, flags)
+	     : index_fd(sha1, fd, &st, type_from_string(type), path, flags)))
+		die((flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT)
 		    ? "Unable to add %s to database"
 		    : "Unable to hash %s", path);
 	printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "hash to stdout");
 }
 
-static void hash_object(const char *path, const char *type, int write_object,
-			const char *vpath)
+static void hash_object(const char *path, const char *type, const char *vpath,
+			unsigned flags, int literally)
 {
 	int fd;
 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno("Cannot open '%s'", path);
-	hash_fd(fd, type, write_object, vpath);
+	hash_fd(fd, type, vpath, flags, literally);
 }
 
-static int no_filters;
-
-static void hash_stdin_paths(const char *type, int write_objects)
+static void hash_stdin_paths(const char *type, int no_filters, unsigned flags,
+			     int literally)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf unquoted = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
 		if (buf.buf[0] == '"') {
-			strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
-			if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+			strbuf_reset(&unquoted);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&unquoted, buf.buf, NULL))
 				die("line is badly quoted");
-			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &unquoted);
 		}
-		hash_object(buf.buf, type, write_objects,
-		    no_filters ? NULL : buf.buf);
+		hash_object(buf.buf, type, no_filters ? NULL : buf.buf, flags,
+			    literally);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+	strbuf_release(&unquoted);
 }
 
-static const char * const hash_object_usage[] = {
-	"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>...",
-	"git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>",
-	NULL
-};
-
-static const char *type;
-static int write_object;
-static int hashstdin;
-static int stdin_paths;
-static const char *vpath;
-
-static const struct option hash_object_options[] = {
-	OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, "type", "object type"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('w', NULL, &write_object, "write the object into the object database"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, "read the object from stdin"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, "read file names from stdin"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, "store file as is without filters"),
-	OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, "file", "process file as it were from this path"),
-	OPT_END()
-};
-
 int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	static const char * const hash_object_usage[] = {
+		N_("git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>..."),
+		N_("git hash-object  --stdin-paths"),
+		NULL
+	};
+	const char *type = blob_type;
+	int hashstdin = 0;
+	int stdin_paths = 0;
+	int no_filters = 0;
+	int literally = 0;
+	unsigned flags = HASH_FORMAT_CHECK;
+	const char *vpath = NULL;
+	const struct option hash_object_options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, N_("type"), N_("object type")),
+		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &flags, N_("write the object into the object database"),
+			HASH_WRITE_OBJECT),
+		OPT_COUNTUP( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, N_("read the object from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, N_("store file as is without filters")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0, "literally", &literally, N_("just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git")),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, N_("file"), N_("process file as it were from this path")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
 	int i;
 	int prefix_length = -1;
 	const char *errstr = NULL;
 
-	type = blob_type;
-
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, hash_object_options,
 			     hash_object_usage, 0);
 
-	if (write_object) {
+	if (flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT) {
 		prefix = setup_git_directory();
 		prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 		if (vpath && prefix)
@@ -119,19 +137,19 @@ int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (hashstdin)
-		hash_fd(0, type, write_object, vpath);
+		hash_fd(0, type, vpath, flags, literally);
 
 	for (i = 0 ; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
 		if (0 <= prefix_length)
 			arg = prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
-		hash_object(arg, type, write_object,
-			    no_filters ? NULL : vpath ? vpath : arg);
+		hash_object(arg, type, no_filters ? NULL : vpath ? vpath : arg,
+			    flags, literally);
 	}
 
 	if (stdin_paths)
-		hash_stdin_paths(type, write_object);
+		hash_stdin_paths(type, no_filters, flags, literally);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/help.c b/builtin/help.c
index 61ff79839b..88480131cf 100644
--- a/builtin/help.c
+++ b/builtin/help.c
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 /*
- * builtin-help.c
- *
  * Builtin help command
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "common-cmds.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "column.h"
 #include "help.h"
 
+#ifndef DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT
+#define DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT "man"
+#endif
+
 static struct man_viewer_list {
 	struct man_viewer_list *next;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
@@ -29,20 +31,25 @@ enum help_format {
 	HELP_FORMAT_WEB
 };
 
+static const char *html_path;
+
 static int show_all = 0;
+static int show_guides = 0;
+static unsigned int colopts;
 static enum help_format help_format = HELP_FORMAT_NONE;
 static struct option builtin_help_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, "print all available commands"),
-	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, "show man page", HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
-	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, "show manual in web browser",
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("print all available commands")),
+	OPT_BOOL('g', "guides", &show_guides, N_("print list of useful guides")),
+	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, N_("show man page"), HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
+	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, N_("show manual in web browser"),
 			HELP_FORMAT_WEB),
-	OPT_SET_INT('i', "info", &help_format, "show info page",
+	OPT_SET_INT('i', "info", &help_format, N_("show info page"),
 			HELP_FORMAT_INFO),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_help_usage[] = {
-	"git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]",
+	N_("git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -54,7 +61,7 @@ static enum help_format parse_help_format(const char *format)
 		return HELP_FORMAT_INFO;
 	if (!strcmp(format, "web") || !strcmp(format, "html"))
 		return HELP_FORMAT_WEB;
-	die("unrecognized help format '%s'", format);
+	die(_("unrecognized help format '%s'"), format);
 }
 
 static const char *get_man_viewer_info(const char *name)
@@ -72,17 +79,16 @@ static const char *get_man_viewer_info(const char *name)
 static int check_emacsclient_version(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct child_process ec_process;
+	struct child_process ec_process = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv_ec[] = { "emacsclient", "--version", NULL };
 	int version;
 
 	/* emacsclient prints its version number on stderr */
-	memset(&ec_process, 0, sizeof(ec_process));
 	ec_process.argv = argv_ec;
 	ec_process.err = -1;
 	ec_process.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	if (start_command(&ec_process))
-		return error("Failed to start emacsclient.");
+		return error(_("Failed to start emacsclient."));
 
 	strbuf_read(&buffer, ec_process.err, 20);
 	close(ec_process.err);
@@ -93,9 +99,9 @@ static int check_emacsclient_version(void)
 	 */
 	finish_command(&ec_process);
 
-	if (prefixcmp(buffer.buf, "emacsclient")) {
+	if (!starts_with(buffer.buf, "emacsclient")) {
 		strbuf_release(&buffer);
-		return error("Failed to parse emacsclient version.");
+		return error(_("Failed to parse emacsclient version."));
 	}
 
 	strbuf_remove(&buffer, 0, strlen("emacsclient"));
@@ -103,7 +109,7 @@ static int check_emacsclient_version(void)
 
 	if (version < 22) {
 		strbuf_release(&buffer);
-		return error("emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22).",
+		return error(_("emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."),
 			version);
 	}
 
@@ -121,7 +127,7 @@ static void exec_woman_emacs(const char *path, const char *page)
 			path = "emacsclient";
 		strbuf_addf(&man_page, "(woman \"%s\")", page);
 		execlp(path, "emacsclient", "-e", man_page.buf, (char *)NULL);
-		warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+		warning_errno(_("failed to exec '%s'"), path);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -134,22 +140,15 @@ static void exec_man_konqueror(const char *path, const char *page)
 
 		/* It's simpler to launch konqueror using kfmclient. */
 		if (path) {
-			const char *file = strrchr(path, '/');
-			if (file && !strcmp(file + 1, "konqueror")) {
-				char *new = xstrdup(path);
-				char *dest = strrchr(new, '/');
-
-				/* strlen("konqueror") == strlen("kfmclient") */
-				strcpy(dest + 1, "kfmclient");
-				path = new;
-			}
-			if (file)
-				filename = file;
+			size_t len;
+			if (strip_suffix(path, "/konqueror", &len))
+				path = xstrfmt("%.*s/kfmclient", (int)len, path);
+			filename = basename((char *)path);
 		} else
 			path = "kfmclient";
 		strbuf_addf(&man_page, "man:%s(1)", page);
 		execlp(path, filename, "newTab", man_page.buf, (char *)NULL);
-		warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+		warning_errno(_("failed to exec '%s'"), path);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -158,26 +157,24 @@ static void exec_man_man(const char *path, const char *page)
 	if (!path)
 		path = "man";
 	execlp(path, "man", page, (char *)NULL);
-	warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+	warning_errno(_("failed to exec '%s'"), path);
 }
 
 static void exec_man_cmd(const char *cmd, const char *page)
 {
 	struct strbuf shell_cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
 	strbuf_addf(&shell_cmd, "%s %s", cmd, page);
-	execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", shell_cmd.buf, (char *)NULL);
-	warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", cmd, strerror(errno));
+	execl(SHELL_PATH, SHELL_PATH, "-c", shell_cmd.buf, (char *)NULL);
+	warning(_("failed to exec '%s'"), cmd);
 }
 
 static void add_man_viewer(const char *name)
 {
 	struct man_viewer_list **p = &man_viewer_list;
-	size_t len = strlen(name);
 
 	while (*p)
 		p = &((*p)->next);
-	*p = xcalloc(1, (sizeof(**p) + len + 1));
-	strncpy((*p)->name, name, len);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(*p, name, name);
 }
 
 static int supported_man_viewer(const char *name, size_t len)
@@ -191,9 +188,8 @@ static void do_add_man_viewer_info(const char *name,
 				   size_t len,
 				   const char *value)
 {
-	struct man_viewer_info_list *new = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*new) + len + 1);
-
-	strncpy(new->name, name, len);
+	struct man_viewer_info_list *new;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(new, name, name, len);
 	new->info = xstrdup(value);
 	new->next = man_viewer_info_list;
 	man_viewer_info_list = new;
@@ -206,8 +202,8 @@ static int add_man_viewer_path(const char *name,
 	if (supported_man_viewer(name, len))
 		do_add_man_viewer_info(name, len, value);
 	else
-		warning("'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
-			"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead.",
+		warning(_("'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+			  "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."),
 			name);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -218,8 +214,8 @@ static int add_man_viewer_cmd(const char *name,
 			      const char *value)
 {
 	if (supported_man_viewer(name, len))
-		warning("'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
-			"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead.",
+		warning(_("'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+			  "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."),
 			name);
 	else
 		do_add_man_viewer_info(name, len, value);
@@ -229,21 +225,21 @@ static int add_man_viewer_cmd(const char *name,
 
 static int add_man_viewer_info(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	const char *name = var + 4;
-	const char *subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+	const char *name, *subkey;
+	int namelen;
 
-	if (!subkey)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "man", &name, &namelen, &subkey) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".path")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "path")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_path(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_path(name, namelen, value);
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".cmd")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "cmd")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, namelen, value);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -251,19 +247,27 @@ static int add_man_viewer_info(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 static int git_help_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	if (starts_with(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "help", &colopts);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "help.format")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 		help_format = parse_help_format(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "help.htmlpath")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		html_path = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "man.viewer")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 		add_man_viewer(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "man."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "man."))
 		return add_man_viewer_info(var, value);
 
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
@@ -271,65 +275,44 @@ static int git_help_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 static struct cmdnames main_cmds, other_cmds;
 
-void list_common_cmds_help(void)
-{
-	int i, longest = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
-			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
-	}
-
-	puts("The most commonly used git commands are:");
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
-		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
-		puts(common_cmds[i].help);
-	}
-}
-
 static int is_git_command(const char *s)
 {
+	if (is_builtin(s))
+		return 1;
+
+	load_command_list("git-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
 	return is_in_cmdlist(&main_cmds, s) ||
 		is_in_cmdlist(&other_cmds, s);
 }
 
-static const char *prepend(const char *prefix, const char *cmd)
-{
-	size_t pre_len = strlen(prefix);
-	size_t cmd_len = strlen(cmd);
-	char *p = xmalloc(pre_len + cmd_len + 1);
-	memcpy(p, prefix, pre_len);
-	strcpy(p + pre_len, cmd);
-	return p;
-}
-
 static const char *cmd_to_page(const char *git_cmd)
 {
 	if (!git_cmd)
 		return "git";
-	else if (!prefixcmp(git_cmd, "git"))
+	else if (starts_with(git_cmd, "git"))
 		return git_cmd;
 	else if (is_git_command(git_cmd))
-		return prepend("git-", git_cmd);
+		return xstrfmt("git-%s", git_cmd);
 	else
-		return prepend("git", git_cmd);
+		return xstrfmt("git%s", git_cmd);
 }
 
 static void setup_man_path(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf new_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *old_path = getenv("MANPATH");
+	char *git_man_path = system_path(GIT_MAN_PATH);
 
 	/* We should always put ':' after our path. If there is no
 	 * old_path, the ':' at the end will let 'man' to try
 	 * system-wide paths after ours to find the manual page. If
 	 * there is old_path, we need ':' as delimiter. */
-	strbuf_addstr(&new_path, system_path(GIT_MAN_PATH));
+	strbuf_addstr(&new_path, git_man_path);
 	strbuf_addch(&new_path, ':');
 	if (old_path)
 		strbuf_addstr(&new_path, old_path);
 
+	free(git_man_path);
 	setenv("MANPATH", new_path.buf, 1);
 
 	strbuf_release(&new_path);
@@ -348,7 +331,7 @@ static void exec_viewer(const char *name, const char *page)
 	else if (info)
 		exec_man_cmd(info, page);
 	else
-		warning("'%s': unknown man viewer.", name);
+		warning(_("'%s': unknown man viewer."), name);
 }
 
 static void show_man_page(const char *git_cmd)
@@ -365,7 +348,7 @@ static void show_man_page(const char *git_cmd)
 	if (fallback)
 		exec_viewer(fallback, page);
 	exec_viewer("man", page);
-	die("no man viewer handled the request");
+	die(_("no man viewer handled the request"));
 }
 
 static void show_info_page(const char *git_cmd)
@@ -373,21 +356,27 @@ static void show_info_page(const char *git_cmd)
 	const char *page = cmd_to_page(git_cmd);
 	setenv("INFOPATH", system_path(GIT_INFO_PATH), 1);
 	execlp("info", "info", "gitman", page, (char *)NULL);
-	die("no info viewer handled the request");
+	die(_("no info viewer handled the request"));
 }
 
 static void get_html_page_path(struct strbuf *page_path, const char *page)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	const char *html_path = system_path(GIT_HTML_PATH);
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+
+	if (!html_path)
+		html_path = to_free = system_path(GIT_HTML_PATH);
 
 	/* Check that we have a git documentation directory. */
-	if (stat(mkpath("%s/git.html", html_path), &st)
-	    || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-		die("'%s': not a documentation directory.", html_path);
+	if (!strstr(html_path, "://")) {
+		if (stat(mkpath("%s/git.html", html_path), &st)
+		    || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+			die("'%s': not a documentation directory.", html_path);
+	}
 
 	strbuf_init(page_path, 0);
 	strbuf_addf(page_path, "%s/%s.html", html_path, page);
+	free(to_free);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -412,28 +401,70 @@ static void show_html_page(const char *git_cmd)
 	open_html(page_path.buf);
 }
 
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *help;
+} common_guides[] = {
+	{ "attributes", N_("Defining attributes per path") },
+	{ "everyday", N_("Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So") },
+	{ "glossary", N_("A Git glossary") },
+	{ "ignore", N_("Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore") },
+	{ "modules", N_("Defining submodule properties") },
+	{ "revisions", N_("Specifying revisions and ranges for Git") },
+	{ "tutorial", N_("A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)") },
+	{ "workflows", N_("An overview of recommended workflows with Git") },
+};
+
+static void list_common_guides_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_guides[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_guides[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The common Git guides are:\n"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_guides[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_guides[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_guides[i].help));
+	}
+	putchar('\n');
+}
+
 int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit;
-	const char *alias;
+	char *alias;
 	enum help_format parsed_help_format;
-	load_command_list("git-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_help_options,
 			builtin_help_usage, 0);
 	parsed_help_format = help_format;
 
 	if (show_all) {
-		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
-		list_commands("git commands", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
-		printf("%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		git_config(git_help_config, NULL);
+		printf(_("usage: %s%s"), _(git_usage_string), "\n\n");
+		load_command_list("git-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+		list_commands(colopts, &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+	}
+
+	if (show_guides)
+		list_common_guides_help();
+
+	if (show_all || show_guides) {
+		printf("%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
+		/*
+		* We're done. Ignore any remaining args
+		*/
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (!argv[0]) {
-		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
+		printf(_("usage: %s%s"), _(git_usage_string), "\n\n");
 		list_common_cmds_help();
-		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		printf("\n%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -442,10 +473,13 @@ int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (parsed_help_format != HELP_FORMAT_NONE)
 		help_format = parsed_help_format;
+	if (help_format == HELP_FORMAT_NONE)
+		help_format = parse_help_format(DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT);
 
 	alias = alias_lookup(argv[0]);
 	if (alias && !is_git_command(argv[0])) {
-		printf("`git %s' is aliased to `%s'\n", argv[0], alias);
+		printf_ln(_("`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"), argv[0], alias);
+		free(alias);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index 98025da767..e8c71fc1d2 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "fsck.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "thread-utils.h"
 
 static const char index_pack_usage[] =
 "git index-pack [-v] [-o <index-file>] [--keep | --keep=<msg>] [--verify] [--strict] (<pack-file> | --stdin [--fix-thin] [<pack-file>])";
@@ -16,16 +18,14 @@ static const char index_pack_usage[] =
 struct object_entry {
 	struct pack_idx_entry idx;
 	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned int hdr_size;
-	enum object_type type;
-	enum object_type real_type;
-	unsigned delta_depth;
-	int base_object_no;
+	unsigned char hdr_size;
+	signed char type;
+	signed char real_type;
 };
 
-union delta_base {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	off_t offset;
+struct object_stat {
+	unsigned delta_depth;
+	int base_object_no;
 };
 
 struct base_data {
@@ -34,33 +34,51 @@ struct base_data {
 	struct object_entry *obj;
 	void *data;
 	unsigned long size;
+	int ref_first, ref_last;
+	int ofs_first, ofs_last;
 };
 
-/*
- * Even if sizeof(union delta_base) == 24 on 64-bit archs, we really want
- * to memcmp() only the first 20 bytes.
- */
-#define UNION_BASE_SZ	20
+struct thread_local {
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	pthread_t thread;
+#endif
+	struct base_data *base_cache;
+	size_t base_cache_used;
+	int pack_fd;
+};
 
 #define FLAG_LINK (1u<<20)
 #define FLAG_CHECKED (1u<<21)
 
-struct delta_entry {
-	union delta_base base;
+struct ofs_delta_entry {
+	off_t offset;
+	int obj_no;
+};
+
+struct ref_delta_entry {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int obj_no;
 };
 
 static struct object_entry *objects;
-static struct delta_entry *deltas;
-static struct base_data *base_cache;
-static size_t base_cache_used;
+static struct object_stat *obj_stat;
+static struct ofs_delta_entry *ofs_deltas;
+static struct ref_delta_entry *ref_deltas;
+static struct thread_local nothread_data;
 static int nr_objects;
-static int nr_deltas;
+static int nr_ofs_deltas;
+static int nr_ref_deltas;
+static int ref_deltas_alloc;
 static int nr_resolved_deltas;
+static int nr_threads;
 
 static int from_stdin;
 static int strict;
+static int do_fsck_object;
+static struct fsck_options fsck_options = FSCK_OPTIONS_STRICT;
 static int verbose;
+static int show_stat;
+static int check_self_contained_and_connected;
 
 static struct progress *progress;
 
@@ -71,15 +89,117 @@ static off_t consumed_bytes;
 static unsigned deepest_delta;
 static git_SHA_CTX input_ctx;
 static uint32_t input_crc32;
-static int input_fd, output_fd, pack_fd;
+static int input_fd, output_fd;
+static const char *curr_pack;
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+
+static struct thread_local *thread_data;
+static int nr_dispatched;
+static int threads_active;
+
+static pthread_mutex_t read_mutex;
+#define read_lock()		lock_mutex(&read_mutex)
+#define read_unlock()		unlock_mutex(&read_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t counter_mutex;
+#define counter_lock()		lock_mutex(&counter_mutex)
+#define counter_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&counter_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t work_mutex;
+#define work_lock()		lock_mutex(&work_mutex)
+#define work_unlock()		unlock_mutex(&work_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t deepest_delta_mutex;
+#define deepest_delta_lock()	lock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t type_cas_mutex;
+#define type_cas_lock()		lock_mutex(&type_cas_mutex)
+#define type_cas_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&type_cas_mutex)
+
+static pthread_key_t key;
+
+static inline void lock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
+{
+	if (threads_active)
+		pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
+}
+
+static inline void unlock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
+{
+	if (threads_active)
+		pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mutex and conditional variable can't be statically-initialized on Windows.
+ */
+static void init_thread(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	init_recursive_mutex(&read_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&counter_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&work_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&type_cas_mutex, NULL);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_init(&deepest_delta_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_key_create(&key, NULL);
+	thread_data = xcalloc(nr_threads, sizeof(*thread_data));
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++) {
+		thread_data[i].pack_fd = open(curr_pack, O_RDONLY);
+		if (thread_data[i].pack_fd == -1)
+			die_errno(_("unable to open %s"), curr_pack);
+	}
 
-static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
+	threads_active = 1;
+}
+
+static void cleanup_thread(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (!threads_active)
+		return;
+	threads_active = 0;
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&counter_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&work_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&type_cas_mutex);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_destroy(&deepest_delta_mutex);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++)
+		close(thread_data[i].pack_fd);
+	pthread_key_delete(key);
+	free(thread_data);
+}
+
+#else
+
+#define read_lock()
+#define read_unlock()
+
+#define counter_lock()
+#define counter_unlock()
+
+#define work_lock()
+#define work_unlock()
+
+#define deepest_delta_lock()
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()
+
+#define type_cas_lock()
+#define type_cas_unlock()
+
+#endif
+
+
+static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	if (!obj)
 		return -1;
 
 	if (type != OBJ_ANY && obj->type != type)
-		die("object type mismatch at %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		die(_("object type mismatch at %s"), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 
 	obj->flags |= FLAG_LINK;
 	return 0;
@@ -87,31 +207,39 @@ static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 
 /* The content of each linked object must have been checked
    or it must be already present in the object database */
-static void check_object(struct object *obj)
+static unsigned check_object(struct object *obj)
 {
 	if (!obj)
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_LINK))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_CHECKED)) {
 		unsigned long size;
-		int type = sha1_object_info(obj->sha1, &size);
-		if (type != obj->type || type <= 0)
-			die("object of unexpected type");
+		int type = sha1_object_info(obj->oid.hash, &size);
+		if (type <= 0)
+			die(_("did not receive expected object %s"),
+			      oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
+		if (type != obj->type)
+			die(_("object %s: expected type %s, found %s"),
+			    oid_to_hex(&obj->oid),
+			    typename(obj->type), typename(type));
 		obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void check_objects(void)
+static unsigned check_objects(void)
 {
-	unsigned i, max;
+	unsigned i, max, foreign_nr = 0;
 
 	max = get_max_object_index();
 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
-		check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+		foreign_nr += check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+	return foreign_nr;
 }
 
 
@@ -136,15 +264,18 @@ static void *fill(int min)
 	if (min <= input_len)
 		return input_buffer + input_offset;
 	if (min > sizeof(input_buffer))
-		die("cannot fill %d bytes", min);
+		die(Q_("cannot fill %d byte",
+		       "cannot fill %d bytes",
+		       min),
+		    min);
 	flush();
 	do {
 		ssize_t ret = xread(input_fd, input_buffer + input_len,
 				sizeof(input_buffer) - input_len);
 		if (ret <= 0) {
 			if (!ret)
-				die("early EOF");
-			die_errno("read error on input");
+				die(_("early EOF"));
+			die_errno(_("read error on input"));
 		}
 		input_len += ret;
 		if (from_stdin)
@@ -156,14 +287,14 @@ static void *fill(int min)
 static void use(int bytes)
 {
 	if (bytes > input_len)
-		die("used more bytes than were available");
+		die(_("used more bytes than were available"));
 	input_crc32 = crc32(input_crc32, input_buffer + input_offset, bytes);
 	input_len -= bytes;
 	input_offset += bytes;
 
 	/* make sure off_t is sufficiently large not to wrap */
 	if (signed_add_overflows(consumed_bytes, bytes))
-		die("pack too large for current definition of off_t");
+		die(_("pack too large for current definition of off_t"));
 	consumed_bytes += bytes;
 }
 
@@ -172,21 +303,21 @@ static const char *open_pack_file(const char *pack_name)
 	if (from_stdin) {
 		input_fd = 0;
 		if (!pack_name) {
-			static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
-			output_fd = odb_mkstemp(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile),
+			static char tmp_file[PATH_MAX];
+			output_fd = odb_mkstemp(tmp_file, sizeof(tmp_file),
 						"pack/tmp_pack_XXXXXX");
-			pack_name = xstrdup(tmpfile);
+			pack_name = xstrdup(tmp_file);
 		} else
 			output_fd = open(pack_name, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR, 0600);
 		if (output_fd < 0)
-			die_errno("unable to create '%s'", pack_name);
-		pack_fd = output_fd;
+			die_errno(_("unable to create '%s'"), pack_name);
+		nothread_data.pack_fd = output_fd;
 	} else {
 		input_fd = open(pack_name, O_RDONLY);
 		if (input_fd < 0)
-			die_errno("cannot open packfile '%s'", pack_name);
+			die_errno(_("cannot open packfile '%s'"), pack_name);
 		output_fd = -1;
-		pack_fd = input_fd;
+		nothread_data.pack_fd = input_fd;
 	}
 	git_SHA1_Init(&input_ctx);
 	return pack_name;
@@ -198,9 +329,9 @@ static void parse_pack_header(void)
 
 	/* Header consistency check */
 	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE))
-		die("pack signature mismatch");
+		die(_("pack signature mismatch"));
 	if (!pack_version_ok(hdr->hdr_version))
-		die("pack version %"PRIu32" unsupported",
+		die(_("pack version %"PRIu32" unsupported"),
 			ntohl(hdr->hdr_version));
 
 	nr_objects = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
@@ -218,7 +349,34 @@ static NORETURN void bad_object(unsigned long offset, const char *format, ...)
 	va_start(params, format);
 	vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format, params);
 	va_end(params);
-	die("pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s", offset, buf);
+	die(_("pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"), offset, buf);
+}
+
+static inline struct thread_local *get_thread_data(void)
+{
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	if (threads_active)
+		return pthread_getspecific(key);
+	assert(!threads_active &&
+	       "This should only be reached when all threads are gone");
+#endif
+	return &nothread_data;
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+static void set_thread_data(struct thread_local *data)
+{
+	if (threads_active)
+		pthread_setspecific(key, data);
+}
+#endif
+
+static struct base_data *alloc_base_data(void)
+{
+	struct base_data *base = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct base_data));
+	base->ref_last = -1;
+	base->ofs_last = -1;
+	return base;
 }
 
 static void free_base_data(struct base_data *c)
@@ -226,15 +384,16 @@ static void free_base_data(struct base_data *c)
 	if (c->data) {
 		free(c->data);
 		c->data = NULL;
-		base_cache_used -= c->size;
+		get_thread_data()->base_cache_used -= c->size;
 	}
 }
 
 static void prune_base_data(struct base_data *retain)
 {
 	struct base_data *b;
-	for (b = base_cache;
-	     base_cache_used > delta_base_cache_limit && b;
+	struct thread_local *data = get_thread_data();
+	for (b = data->base_cache;
+	     data->base_cache_used > delta_base_cache_limit && b;
 	     b = b->child) {
 		if (b->data && b != retain)
 			free_base_data(b);
@@ -246,12 +405,12 @@ static void link_base_data(struct base_data *base, struct base_data *c)
 	if (base)
 		base->child = c;
 	else
-		base_cache = c;
+		get_thread_data()->base_cache = c;
 
 	c->base = base;
 	c->child = NULL;
 	if (c->data)
-		base_cache_used += c->size;
+		get_thread_data()->base_cache_used += c->size;
 	prune_base_data(c);
 }
 
@@ -261,34 +420,67 @@ static void unlink_base_data(struct base_data *c)
 	if (base)
 		base->child = NULL;
 	else
-		base_cache = NULL;
+		get_thread_data()->base_cache = NULL;
 	free_base_data(c);
 }
 
-static void *unpack_entry_data(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
+static int is_delta_type(enum object_type type)
+{
+	return (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
+}
+
+static void *unpack_entry_data(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size,
+			       enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
+	static char fixed_buf[8192];
 	int status;
 	git_zstream stream;
-	void *buf = xmalloc(size);
+	void *buf;
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	char hdr[32];
+	int hdrlen;
+
+	if (!is_delta_type(type)) {
+		hdrlen = xsnprintf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), "%s %lu", typename(type), size) + 1;
+		git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
+	} else
+		sha1 = NULL;
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB && size > big_file_threshold)
+		buf = fixed_buf;
+	else
+		buf = xmallocz(size);
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_inflate_init(&stream);
 	stream.next_out = buf;
-	stream.avail_out = size;
+	stream.avail_out = buf == fixed_buf ? sizeof(fixed_buf) : size;
 
 	do {
+		unsigned char *last_out = stream.next_out;
 		stream.next_in = fill(1);
 		stream.avail_in = input_len;
 		status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
 		use(input_len - stream.avail_in);
+		if (sha1)
+			git_SHA1_Update(&c, last_out, stream.next_out - last_out);
+		if (buf == fixed_buf) {
+			stream.next_out = buf;
+			stream.avail_out = sizeof(fixed_buf);
+		}
 	} while (status == Z_OK);
 	if (stream.total_out != size || status != Z_STREAM_END)
-		bad_object(offset, "inflate returned %d", status);
+		bad_object(offset, _("inflate returned %d"), status);
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
-	return buf;
+	if (sha1)
+		git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
+	return buf == fixed_buf ? NULL : buf;
 }
 
-static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_base)
+static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj,
+			      off_t *ofs_offset,
+			      unsigned char *ref_sha1,
+			      unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned char *p;
 	unsigned long size, c;
@@ -316,11 +508,10 @@ static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_
 
 	switch (obj->type) {
 	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		hashcpy(delta_base->sha1, fill(20));
+		hashcpy(ref_sha1, fill(20));
 		use(20);
 		break;
 	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
-		memset(delta_base, 0, sizeof(*delta_base));
 		p = fill(1);
 		c = *p;
 		use(1);
@@ -328,15 +519,15 @@ static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_
 		while (c & 128) {
 			base_offset += 1;
 			if (!base_offset || MSB(base_offset, 7))
-				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "offset value overflow for delta base object");
+				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, _("offset value overflow for delta base object"));
 			p = fill(1);
 			c = *p;
 			use(1);
 			base_offset = (base_offset << 7) + (c & 127);
 		}
-		delta_base->offset = obj->idx.offset - base_offset;
-		if (delta_base->offset <= 0 || delta_base->offset >= obj->idx.offset)
-			bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "delta base offset is out of bound");
+		*ofs_offset = obj->idx.offset - base_offset;
+		if (*ofs_offset <= 0 || *ofs_offset >= obj->idx.offset)
+			bad_object(obj->idx.offset, _("delta base offset is out of bound"));
 		break;
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
@@ -344,16 +535,18 @@ static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_
 	case OBJ_TAG:
 		break;
 	default:
-		bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "unknown object type %d", obj->type);
+		bad_object(obj->idx.offset, _("unknown object type %d"), obj->type);
 	}
 	obj->hdr_size = consumed_bytes - obj->idx.offset;
 
-	data = unpack_entry_data(obj->idx.offset, obj->size);
+	data = unpack_entry_data(obj->idx.offset, obj->size, obj->type, sha1);
 	obj->idx.crc32 = input_crc32;
 	return data;
 }
 
-static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
+static void *unpack_data(struct object_entry *obj,
+			 int (*consume)(const unsigned char *, unsigned long, void *),
+			 void *cb_data)
 {
 	off_t from = obj[0].idx.offset + obj[0].hdr_size;
 	unsigned long len = obj[1].idx.offset - from;
@@ -361,171 +554,371 @@ static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
 	git_zstream stream;
 	int status;
 
-	data = xmalloc(obj->size);
+	data = xmallocz(consume ? 64*1024 : obj->size);
 	inbuf = xmalloc((len < 64*1024) ? len : 64*1024);
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_inflate_init(&stream);
 	stream.next_out = data;
-	stream.avail_out = obj->size;
+	stream.avail_out = consume ? 64*1024 : obj->size;
 
 	do {
 		ssize_t n = (len < 64*1024) ? len : 64*1024;
-		n = pread(pack_fd, inbuf, n, from);
+		n = xpread(get_thread_data()->pack_fd, inbuf, n, from);
 		if (n < 0)
-			die_errno("cannot pread pack file");
+			die_errno(_("cannot pread pack file"));
 		if (!n)
-			die("premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing", len);
+			die(Q_("premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing",
+			       "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing",
+			       len),
+			    len);
 		from += n;
 		len -= n;
 		stream.next_in = inbuf;
 		stream.avail_in = n;
-		status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+		if (!consume)
+			status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+		else {
+			do {
+				status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+				if (consume(data, stream.next_out - data, cb_data)) {
+					free(inbuf);
+					free(data);
+					return NULL;
+				}
+				stream.next_out = data;
+				stream.avail_out = 64*1024;
+			} while (status == Z_OK && stream.avail_in);
+		}
 	} while (len && status == Z_OK && !stream.avail_in);
 
 	/* This has been inflated OK when first encountered, so... */
 	if (status != Z_STREAM_END || stream.total_out != obj->size)
-		die("serious inflate inconsistency");
+		die(_("serious inflate inconsistency"));
 
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
 	free(inbuf);
+	if (consume) {
+		free(data);
+		data = NULL;
+	}
 	return data;
 }
 
-static int compare_delta_bases(const union delta_base *base1,
-			       const union delta_base *base2,
-			       enum object_type type1,
-			       enum object_type type2)
+static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
+{
+	return unpack_data(obj, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static int compare_ofs_delta_bases(off_t offset1, off_t offset2,
+				   enum object_type type1,
+				   enum object_type type2)
+{
+	int cmp = type1 - type2;
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	return offset1 < offset2 ? -1 :
+	       offset1 > offset2 ?  1 :
+	       0;
+}
+
+static int find_ofs_delta(const off_t offset, enum object_type type)
+{
+	int first = 0, last = nr_ofs_deltas;
+
+	while (first < last) {
+		int next = (first + last) / 2;
+		struct ofs_delta_entry *delta = &ofs_deltas[next];
+		int cmp;
+
+		cmp = compare_ofs_delta_bases(offset, delta->offset,
+					      type, objects[delta->obj_no].type);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return next;
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			last = next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		first = next+1;
+	}
+	return -first-1;
+}
+
+static void find_ofs_delta_children(off_t offset,
+				    int *first_index, int *last_index,
+				    enum object_type type)
+{
+	int first = find_ofs_delta(offset, type);
+	int last = first;
+	int end = nr_ofs_deltas - 1;
+
+	if (first < 0) {
+		*first_index = 0;
+		*last_index = -1;
+		return;
+	}
+	while (first > 0 && ofs_deltas[first - 1].offset == offset)
+		--first;
+	while (last < end && ofs_deltas[last + 1].offset == offset)
+		++last;
+	*first_index = first;
+	*last_index = last;
+}
+
+static int compare_ref_delta_bases(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   const unsigned char *sha2,
+				   enum object_type type1,
+				   enum object_type type2)
 {
 	int cmp = type1 - type2;
 	if (cmp)
 		return cmp;
-	return memcmp(base1, base2, UNION_BASE_SZ);
+	return hashcmp(sha1, sha2);
 }
 
-static int find_delta(const union delta_base *base, enum object_type type)
+static int find_ref_delta(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type)
 {
-	int first = 0, last = nr_deltas;
-
-        while (first < last) {
-                int next = (first + last) / 2;
-                struct delta_entry *delta = &deltas[next];
-                int cmp;
-
-		cmp = compare_delta_bases(base, &delta->base,
-					  type, objects[delta->obj_no].type);
-                if (!cmp)
-                        return next;
-                if (cmp < 0) {
-                        last = next;
-                        continue;
-                }
-                first = next+1;
-        }
-        return -first-1;
+	int first = 0, last = nr_ref_deltas;
+
+	while (first < last) {
+		int next = (first + last) / 2;
+		struct ref_delta_entry *delta = &ref_deltas[next];
+		int cmp;
+
+		cmp = compare_ref_delta_bases(sha1, delta->sha1,
+					      type, objects[delta->obj_no].type);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return next;
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			last = next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		first = next+1;
+	}
+	return -first-1;
 }
 
-static void find_delta_children(const union delta_base *base,
-				int *first_index, int *last_index,
-				enum object_type type)
+static void find_ref_delta_children(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    int *first_index, int *last_index,
+				    enum object_type type)
 {
-	int first = find_delta(base, type);
+	int first = find_ref_delta(sha1, type);
 	int last = first;
-	int end = nr_deltas - 1;
+	int end = nr_ref_deltas - 1;
 
 	if (first < 0) {
 		*first_index = 0;
 		*last_index = -1;
 		return;
 	}
-	while (first > 0 && !memcmp(&deltas[first - 1].base, base, UNION_BASE_SZ))
+	while (first > 0 && !hashcmp(ref_deltas[first - 1].sha1, sha1))
 		--first;
-	while (last < end && !memcmp(&deltas[last + 1].base, base, UNION_BASE_SZ))
+	while (last < end && !hashcmp(ref_deltas[last + 1].sha1, sha1))
 		++last;
 	*first_index = first;
 	*last_index = last;
 }
 
-static void sha1_object(const void *data, unsigned long size,
-			enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1)
+struct compare_data {
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+	struct git_istream *st;
+	unsigned char *buf;
+	unsigned long buf_size;
+};
+
+static int compare_objects(const unsigned char *buf, unsigned long size,
+			   void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct compare_data *data = cb_data;
+
+	if (data->buf_size < size) {
+		free(data->buf);
+		data->buf = xmalloc(size);
+		data->buf_size = size;
+	}
+
+	while (size) {
+		ssize_t len = read_istream(data->st, data->buf, size);
+		if (len == 0)
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (len < 0)
+			die(_("unable to read %s"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (memcmp(buf, data->buf, len))
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		size -= len;
+		buf += len;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_collison(struct object_entry *entry)
+{
+	struct compare_data data;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	if (entry->size <= big_file_threshold || entry->type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return -1;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.entry = entry;
+	data.st = open_istream(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!data.st)
+		return -1;
+	if (size != entry->size || type != entry->type)
+		die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+		    sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+	unpack_data(entry, compare_objects, &data);
+	close_istream(data.st);
+	free(data.buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void sha1_object(const void *data, struct object_entry *obj_entry,
+			unsigned long size, enum object_type type,
+			const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	hash_sha1_file(data, size, typename(type), sha1);
-	if (has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
+	void *new_data = NULL;
+	int collision_test_needed;
+
+	assert(data || obj_entry);
+
+	read_lock();
+	collision_test_needed = has_sha1_file_with_flags(sha1, HAS_SHA1_QUICK);
+	read_unlock();
+
+	if (collision_test_needed && !data) {
+		read_lock();
+		if (!check_collison(obj_entry))
+			collision_test_needed = 0;
+		read_unlock();
+	}
+	if (collision_test_needed) {
 		void *has_data;
 		enum object_type has_type;
 		unsigned long has_size;
+		read_lock();
+		has_type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &has_size);
+		if (has_type != type || has_size != size)
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		has_data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &has_type, &has_size);
+		read_unlock();
+		if (!data)
+			data = new_data = get_data_from_pack(obj_entry);
 		if (!has_data)
-			die("cannot read existing object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			die(_("cannot read existing object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		if (size != has_size || type != has_type ||
 		    memcmp(data, has_data, size) != 0)
-			die("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		free(has_data);
 	}
+
 	if (strict) {
+		read_lock();
 		if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			struct blob *blob = lookup_blob(sha1);
 			if (blob)
 				blob->object.flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
 			else
-				die("invalid blob object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				die(_("invalid blob object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		} else {
 			struct object *obj;
 			int eaten;
 			void *buf = (void *) data;
 
+			assert(data && "data can only be NULL for large _blobs_");
+
 			/*
 			 * we do not need to free the memory here, as the
 			 * buf is deleted by the caller.
 			 */
 			obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
 			if (!obj)
-				die("invalid %s", typename(type));
-			if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
-				die("Error in object");
-			if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_link, NULL))
-				die("Not all child objects of %s are reachable", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+				die(_("invalid %s"), typename(type));
+			if (do_fsck_object &&
+			    fsck_object(obj, buf, size, &fsck_options))
+				die(_("Error in object"));
+			if (fsck_walk(obj, NULL, &fsck_options))
+				die(_("Not all child objects of %s are reachable"), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 				struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
 				item->buffer = NULL;
+				obj->parsed = 0;
 			}
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 				struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
-				commit->buffer = NULL;
+				if (detach_commit_buffer(commit, NULL) != data)
+					die("BUG: parse_object_buffer transmogrified our buffer");
 			}
 			obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
 		}
+		read_unlock();
 	}
-}
 
-static int is_delta_type(enum object_type type)
-{
-	return (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
+	free(new_data);
 }
 
+/*
+ * This function is part of find_unresolved_deltas(). There are two
+ * walkers going in the opposite ways.
+ *
+ * The first one in find_unresolved_deltas() traverses down from
+ * parent node to children, deflating nodes along the way. However,
+ * memory for deflated nodes is limited by delta_base_cache_limit, so
+ * at some point parent node's deflated content may be freed.
+ *
+ * The second walker is this function, which goes from current node up
+ * to top parent if necessary to deflate the node. In normal
+ * situation, its parent node would be already deflated, so it just
+ * needs to apply delta.
+ *
+ * In the worst case scenario, parent node is no longer deflated because
+ * we're running out of delta_base_cache_limit; we need to re-deflate
+ * parents, possibly up to the top base.
+ *
+ * All deflated objects here are subject to be freed if we exceed
+ * delta_base_cache_limit, just like in find_unresolved_deltas(), we
+ * just need to make sure the last node is not freed.
+ */
 static void *get_base_data(struct base_data *c)
 {
 	if (!c->data) {
 		struct object_entry *obj = c->obj;
+		struct base_data **delta = NULL;
+		int delta_nr = 0, delta_alloc = 0;
 
-		if (is_delta_type(obj->type)) {
-			void *base = get_base_data(c->base);
-			void *raw = get_data_from_pack(obj);
+		while (is_delta_type(c->obj->type) && !c->data) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(delta, delta_nr + 1, delta_alloc);
+			delta[delta_nr++] = c;
+			c = c->base;
+		}
+		if (!delta_nr) {
+			c->data = get_data_from_pack(obj);
+			c->size = obj->size;
+			get_thread_data()->base_cache_used += c->size;
+			prune_base_data(c);
+		}
+		for (; delta_nr > 0; delta_nr--) {
+			void *base, *raw;
+			c = delta[delta_nr - 1];
+			obj = c->obj;
+			base = get_base_data(c->base);
+			raw = get_data_from_pack(obj);
 			c->data = patch_delta(
 				base, c->base->size,
 				raw, obj->size,
 				&c->size);
 			free(raw);
 			if (!c->data)
-				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "failed to apply delta");
-		} else {
-			c->data = get_data_from_pack(obj);
-			c->size = obj->size;
+				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, _("failed to apply delta"));
+			get_thread_data()->base_cache_used += c->size;
+			prune_base_data(c);
 		}
-
-		base_cache_used += c->size;
-		prune_base_data(c);
+		free(delta);
 	}
 	return c->data;
 }
@@ -535,11 +928,16 @@ static void resolve_delta(struct object_entry *delta_obj,
 {
 	void *base_data, *delta_data;
 
-	delta_obj->real_type = base->obj->real_type;
-	delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
-	if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
-		deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
-	delta_obj->base_object_no = base->obj - objects;
+	if (show_stat) {
+		int i = delta_obj - objects;
+		int j = base->obj - objects;
+		obj_stat[i].delta_depth = obj_stat[j].delta_depth + 1;
+		deepest_delta_lock();
+		if (deepest_delta < obj_stat[i].delta_depth)
+			deepest_delta = obj_stat[i].delta_depth;
+		deepest_delta_unlock();
+		obj_stat[i].base_object_no = j;
+	}
 	delta_data = get_data_from_pack(delta_obj);
 	base_data = get_base_data(base);
 	result->obj = delta_obj;
@@ -547,104 +945,198 @@ static void resolve_delta(struct object_entry *delta_obj,
 				   delta_data, delta_obj->size, &result->size);
 	free(delta_data);
 	if (!result->data)
-		bad_object(delta_obj->idx.offset, "failed to apply delta");
-	sha1_object(result->data, result->size, delta_obj->real_type,
+		bad_object(delta_obj->idx.offset, _("failed to apply delta"));
+	hash_sha1_file(result->data, result->size,
+		       typename(delta_obj->real_type), delta_obj->idx.sha1);
+	sha1_object(result->data, NULL, result->size, delta_obj->real_type,
 		    delta_obj->idx.sha1);
+	counter_lock();
 	nr_resolved_deltas++;
+	counter_unlock();
 }
 
-static void find_unresolved_deltas(struct base_data *base,
-				   struct base_data *prev_base)
+/*
+ * Standard boolean compare-and-swap: atomically check whether "*type" is
+ * "want"; if so, swap in "set" and return true. Otherwise, leave it untouched
+ * and return false.
+ */
+static int compare_and_swap_type(signed char *type,
+				 enum object_type want,
+				 enum object_type set)
 {
-	int i, ref_first, ref_last, ofs_first, ofs_last;
+	enum object_type old;
 
-	/*
-	 * This is a recursive function. Those brackets should help reducing
-	 * stack usage by limiting the scope of the delta_base union.
-	 */
-	{
-		union delta_base base_spec;
+	type_cas_lock();
+	old = *type;
+	if (old == want)
+		*type = set;
+	type_cas_unlock();
 
-		hashcpy(base_spec.sha1, base->obj->idx.sha1);
-		find_delta_children(&base_spec,
-				    &ref_first, &ref_last, OBJ_REF_DELTA);
+	return old == want;
+}
 
-		memset(&base_spec, 0, sizeof(base_spec));
-		base_spec.offset = base->obj->idx.offset;
-		find_delta_children(&base_spec,
-				    &ofs_first, &ofs_last, OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
-	}
+static struct base_data *find_unresolved_deltas_1(struct base_data *base,
+						  struct base_data *prev_base)
+{
+	if (base->ref_last == -1 && base->ofs_last == -1) {
+		find_ref_delta_children(base->obj->idx.sha1,
+					&base->ref_first, &base->ref_last,
+					OBJ_REF_DELTA);
+
+		find_ofs_delta_children(base->obj->idx.offset,
+					&base->ofs_first, &base->ofs_last,
+					OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
+
+		if (base->ref_last == -1 && base->ofs_last == -1) {
+			free(base->data);
+			return NULL;
+		}
 
-	if (ref_last == -1 && ofs_last == -1) {
-		free(base->data);
-		return;
+		link_base_data(prev_base, base);
 	}
 
-	link_base_data(prev_base, base);
+	if (base->ref_first <= base->ref_last) {
+		struct object_entry *child = objects + ref_deltas[base->ref_first].obj_no;
+		struct base_data *result = alloc_base_data();
 
-	for (i = ref_first; i <= ref_last; i++) {
-		struct object_entry *child = objects + deltas[i].obj_no;
-		struct base_data result;
+		if (!compare_and_swap_type(&child->real_type, OBJ_REF_DELTA,
+					   base->obj->real_type))
+			die("BUG: child->real_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA");
 
-		assert(child->real_type == OBJ_REF_DELTA);
-		resolve_delta(child, base, &result);
-		if (i == ref_last && ofs_last == -1)
+		resolve_delta(child, base, result);
+		if (base->ref_first == base->ref_last && base->ofs_last == -1)
 			free_base_data(base);
-		find_unresolved_deltas(&result, base);
+
+		base->ref_first++;
+		return result;
 	}
 
-	for (i = ofs_first; i <= ofs_last; i++) {
-		struct object_entry *child = objects + deltas[i].obj_no;
-		struct base_data result;
+	if (base->ofs_first <= base->ofs_last) {
+		struct object_entry *child = objects + ofs_deltas[base->ofs_first].obj_no;
+		struct base_data *result = alloc_base_data();
 
 		assert(child->real_type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
-		resolve_delta(child, base, &result);
-		if (i == ofs_last)
+		child->real_type = base->obj->real_type;
+		resolve_delta(child, base, result);
+		if (base->ofs_first == base->ofs_last)
 			free_base_data(base);
-		find_unresolved_deltas(&result, base);
+
+		base->ofs_first++;
+		return result;
 	}
 
 	unlink_base_data(base);
+	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int compare_delta_entry(const void *a, const void *b)
+static void find_unresolved_deltas(struct base_data *base)
 {
-	const struct delta_entry *delta_a = a;
-	const struct delta_entry *delta_b = b;
+	struct base_data *new_base, *prev_base = NULL;
+	for (;;) {
+		new_base = find_unresolved_deltas_1(base, prev_base);
+
+		if (new_base) {
+			prev_base = base;
+			base = new_base;
+		} else {
+			free(base);
+			base = prev_base;
+			if (!base)
+				return;
+			prev_base = base->base;
+		}
+	}
+}
 
-	/* group by type (ref vs ofs) and then by value (sha-1 or offset) */
-	return compare_delta_bases(&delta_a->base, &delta_b->base,
-				   objects[delta_a->obj_no].type,
-				   objects[delta_b->obj_no].type);
+static int compare_ofs_delta_entry(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const struct ofs_delta_entry *delta_a = a;
+	const struct ofs_delta_entry *delta_b = b;
+
+	return delta_a->offset < delta_b->offset ? -1 :
+	       delta_a->offset > delta_b->offset ?  1 :
+	       0;
+}
+
+static int compare_ref_delta_entry(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const struct ref_delta_entry *delta_a = a;
+	const struct ref_delta_entry *delta_b = b;
+
+	return hashcmp(delta_a->sha1, delta_b->sha1);
+}
+
+static void resolve_base(struct object_entry *obj)
+{
+	struct base_data *base_obj = alloc_base_data();
+	base_obj->obj = obj;
+	base_obj->data = NULL;
+	find_unresolved_deltas(base_obj);
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+static void *threaded_second_pass(void *data)
+{
+	set_thread_data(data);
+	for (;;) {
+		int i;
+		counter_lock();
+		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
+		counter_unlock();
+		work_lock();
+		while (nr_dispatched < nr_objects &&
+		       is_delta_type(objects[nr_dispatched].type))
+			nr_dispatched++;
+		if (nr_dispatched >= nr_objects) {
+			work_unlock();
+			break;
+		}
+		i = nr_dispatched++;
+		work_unlock();
+
+		resolve_base(&objects[i]);
+	}
+	return NULL;
 }
+#endif
 
-/* Parse all objects and return the pack content SHA1 hash */
+/*
+ * First pass:
+ * - find locations of all objects;
+ * - calculate SHA1 of all non-delta objects;
+ * - remember base (SHA1 or offset) for all deltas.
+ */
 static void parse_pack_objects(unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int i;
-	struct delta_entry *delta = deltas;
+	int i, nr_delays = 0;
+	struct ofs_delta_entry *ofs_delta = ofs_deltas;
+	unsigned char ref_delta_sha1[20];
 	struct stat st;
 
-	/*
-	 * First pass:
-	 * - find locations of all objects;
-	 * - calculate SHA1 of all non-delta objects;
-	 * - remember base (SHA1 or offset) for all deltas.
-	 */
 	if (verbose)
 		progress = start_progress(
-				from_stdin ? "Receiving objects" : "Indexing objects",
+				from_stdin ? _("Receiving objects") : _("Indexing objects"),
 				nr_objects);
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
-		void *data = unpack_raw_entry(obj, &delta->base);
+		void *data = unpack_raw_entry(obj, &ofs_delta->offset,
+					      ref_delta_sha1, obj->idx.sha1);
 		obj->real_type = obj->type;
-		if (is_delta_type(obj->type)) {
-			nr_deltas++;
-			delta->obj_no = i;
-			delta++;
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+			nr_ofs_deltas++;
+			ofs_delta->obj_no = i;
+			ofs_delta++;
+		} else if (obj->type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(ref_deltas, nr_ref_deltas + 1, ref_deltas_alloc);
+			hashcpy(ref_deltas[nr_ref_deltas].sha1, ref_delta_sha1);
+			ref_deltas[nr_ref_deltas].obj_no = i;
+			nr_ref_deltas++;
+		} else if (!data) {
+			/* large blobs, check later */
+			obj->real_type = OBJ_BAD;
+			nr_delays++;
 		} else
-			sha1_object(data, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
+			sha1_object(data, NULL, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
 		free(data);
 		display_progress(progress, i+1);
 	}
@@ -655,53 +1147,137 @@ static void parse_pack_objects(unsigned char *sha1)
 	flush();
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &input_ctx);
 	if (hashcmp(fill(20), sha1))
-		die("pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)");
+		die(_("pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"));
 	use(20);
 
 	/* If input_fd is a file, we should have reached its end now. */
 	if (fstat(input_fd, &st))
-		die_errno("cannot fstat packfile");
+		die_errno(_("cannot fstat packfile"));
 	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&
 			lseek(input_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR) - input_len != st.st_size)
-		die("pack has junk at the end");
+		die(_("pack has junk at the end"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
+		if (obj->real_type != OBJ_BAD)
+			continue;
+		obj->real_type = obj->type;
+		sha1_object(NULL, obj, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
+		nr_delays--;
+	}
+	if (nr_delays)
+		die(_("confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"));
+}
 
-	if (!nr_deltas)
+/*
+ * Second pass:
+ * - for all non-delta objects, look if it is used as a base for
+ *   deltas;
+ * - if used as a base, uncompress the object and apply all deltas,
+ *   recursively checking if the resulting object is used as a base
+ *   for some more deltas.
+ */
+static void resolve_deltas(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!nr_ofs_deltas && !nr_ref_deltas)
 		return;
 
 	/* Sort deltas by base SHA1/offset for fast searching */
-	qsort(deltas, nr_deltas, sizeof(struct delta_entry),
-	      compare_delta_entry);
+	qsort(ofs_deltas, nr_ofs_deltas, sizeof(struct ofs_delta_entry),
+	      compare_ofs_delta_entry);
+	qsort(ref_deltas, nr_ref_deltas, sizeof(struct ref_delta_entry),
+	      compare_ref_delta_entry);
 
-	/*
-	 * Second pass:
-	 * - for all non-delta objects, look if it is used as a base for
-	 *   deltas;
-	 * - if used as a base, uncompress the object and apply all deltas,
-	 *   recursively checking if the resulting object is used as a base
-	 *   for some more deltas.
-	 */
 	if (verbose)
-		progress = start_progress("Resolving deltas", nr_deltas);
+		progress = start_progress(_("Resolving deltas"),
+					  nr_ref_deltas + nr_ofs_deltas);
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	nr_dispatched = 0;
+	if (nr_threads > 1 || getenv("GIT_FORCE_THREADS")) {
+		init_thread();
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++) {
+			int ret = pthread_create(&thread_data[i].thread, NULL,
+						 threaded_second_pass, thread_data + i);
+			if (ret)
+				die(_("unable to create thread: %s"),
+				    strerror(ret));
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++)
+			pthread_join(thread_data[i].thread, NULL);
+		cleanup_thread();
+		return;
+	}
+#endif
+
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
-		struct base_data base_obj;
 
 		if (is_delta_type(obj->type))
 			continue;
-		base_obj.obj = obj;
-		base_obj.data = NULL;
-		find_unresolved_deltas(&base_obj, NULL);
+		resolve_base(obj);
 		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * Third pass:
+ * - append objects to convert thin pack to full pack if required
+ * - write the final 20-byte SHA-1
+ */
+static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file *f);
+static void conclude_pack(int fix_thin_pack, const char *curr_pack, unsigned char *pack_sha1)
+{
+	if (nr_ref_deltas + nr_ofs_deltas == nr_resolved_deltas) {
+		stop_progress(&progress);
+		/* Flush remaining pack final 20-byte SHA1. */
+		flush();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (fix_thin_pack) {
+		struct sha1file *f;
+		unsigned char read_sha1[20], tail_sha1[20];
+		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int nr_unresolved = nr_ofs_deltas + nr_ref_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas;
+		int nr_objects_initial = nr_objects;
+		if (nr_unresolved <= 0)
+			die(_("confusion beyond insanity"));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(objects, nr_objects + nr_unresolved + 1);
+		memset(objects + nr_objects + 1, 0,
+		       nr_unresolved * sizeof(*objects));
+		f = sha1fd(output_fd, curr_pack);
+		fix_unresolved_deltas(f);
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, Q_("completed with %d local object",
+				     "completed with %d local objects",
+				     nr_objects - nr_objects_initial),
+			    nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
+		stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&msg);
+		sha1close(f, tail_sha1, 0);
+		hashcpy(read_sha1, pack_sha1);
+		fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd, pack_sha1,
+					 curr_pack, nr_objects,
+					 read_sha1, consumed_bytes-20);
+		if (hashcmp(read_sha1, tail_sha1) != 0)
+			die(_("Unexpected tail checksum for %s "
+			      "(disk corruption?)"), curr_pack);
+	}
+	if (nr_ofs_deltas + nr_ref_deltas != nr_resolved_deltas)
+		die(Q_("pack has %d unresolved delta",
+		       "pack has %d unresolved deltas",
+		       nr_ofs_deltas + nr_ref_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas),
+		    nr_ofs_deltas + nr_ref_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas);
+}
+
 static int write_compressed(struct sha1file *f, void *in, unsigned int size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
 	int status;
 	unsigned char outbuf[4096];
 
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
 	stream.next_in = in;
 	stream.avail_in = size;
@@ -714,7 +1290,7 @@ static int write_compressed(struct sha1file *f, void *in, unsigned int size)
 	} while (status == Z_OK);
 
 	if (status != Z_STREAM_END)
-		die("unable to deflate appended object (%d)", status);
+		die(_("unable to deflate appended object (%d)"), status);
 	size = stream.total_out;
 	git_deflate_end(&stream);
 	return size;
@@ -752,15 +1328,15 @@ static struct object_entry *append_obj_to_pack(struct sha1file *f,
 
 static int delta_pos_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
 {
-	struct delta_entry *a = *(struct delta_entry **)_a;
-	struct delta_entry *b = *(struct delta_entry **)_b;
+	struct ref_delta_entry *a = *(struct ref_delta_entry **)_a;
+	struct ref_delta_entry *b = *(struct ref_delta_entry **)_b;
 	return a->obj_no - b->obj_no;
 }
 
-static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file *f, int nr_unresolved)
+static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file *f)
 {
-	struct delta_entry **sorted_by_pos;
-	int i, n = 0;
+	struct ref_delta_entry **sorted_by_pos;
+	int i;
 
 	/*
 	 * Since many unresolved deltas may well be themselves base objects
@@ -772,31 +1348,28 @@ static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file *f, int nr_unresolved)
 	 * before deltas depending on them, a good heuristic is to start
 	 * resolving deltas in the same order as their position in the pack.
 	 */
-	sorted_by_pos = xmalloc(nr_unresolved * sizeof(*sorted_by_pos));
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_deltas; i++) {
-		if (objects[deltas[i].obj_no].real_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
-			continue;
-		sorted_by_pos[n++] = &deltas[i];
-	}
-	qsort(sorted_by_pos, n, sizeof(*sorted_by_pos), delta_pos_compare);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(sorted_by_pos, nr_ref_deltas);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_ref_deltas; i++)
+		sorted_by_pos[i] = &ref_deltas[i];
+	qsort(sorted_by_pos, nr_ref_deltas, sizeof(*sorted_by_pos), delta_pos_compare);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		struct delta_entry *d = sorted_by_pos[i];
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_ref_deltas; i++) {
+		struct ref_delta_entry *d = sorted_by_pos[i];
 		enum object_type type;
-		struct base_data base_obj;
+		struct base_data *base_obj = alloc_base_data();
 
 		if (objects[d->obj_no].real_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
 			continue;
-		base_obj.data = read_sha1_file(d->base.sha1, &type, &base_obj.size);
-		if (!base_obj.data)
+		base_obj->data = read_sha1_file(d->sha1, &type, &base_obj->size);
+		if (!base_obj->data)
 			continue;
 
-		if (check_sha1_signature(d->base.sha1, base_obj.data,
-				base_obj.size, typename(type)))
-			die("local object %s is corrupt", sha1_to_hex(d->base.sha1));
-		base_obj.obj = append_obj_to_pack(f, d->base.sha1,
-					base_obj.data, base_obj.size, type);
-		find_unresolved_deltas(&base_obj, NULL);
+		if (check_sha1_signature(d->sha1, base_obj->data,
+				base_obj->size, typename(type)))
+			die(_("local object %s is corrupt"), sha1_to_hex(d->sha1));
+		base_obj->obj = append_obj_to_pack(f, d->sha1,
+					base_obj->data, base_obj->size, type);
+		find_unresolved_deltas(base_obj);
 		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
 	}
 	free(sorted_by_pos);
@@ -817,7 +1390,7 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 		fsync_or_die(output_fd, curr_pack_name);
 		err = close(output_fd);
 		if (err)
-			die_errno("error while closing pack file");
+			die_errno(_("error while closing pack file"));
 	}
 
 	if (keep_msg) {
@@ -830,16 +1403,16 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 
 		if (keep_fd < 0) {
 			if (errno != EEXIST)
-				die_errno("cannot write keep file '%s'",
-					  keep_name);
+				die_errno(_("cannot write keep file '%s'"),
+					  keep_name ? keep_name : name);
 		} else {
 			if (keep_msg_len > 0) {
 				write_or_die(keep_fd, keep_msg, keep_msg_len);
 				write_or_die(keep_fd, "\n", 1);
 			}
 			if (close(keep_fd) != 0)
-				die_errno("cannot close written keep file '%s'",
-				    keep_name);
+				die_errno(_("cannot close written keep file '%s'"),
+					  keep_name ? keep_name : name);
 			report = "keep";
 		}
 	}
@@ -850,8 +1423,8 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 				 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 			final_pack_name = name;
 		}
-		if (move_temp_to_file(curr_pack_name, final_pack_name))
-			die("cannot store pack file");
+		if (finalize_object_file(curr_pack_name, final_pack_name))
+			die(_("cannot store pack file"));
 	} else if (from_stdin)
 		chmod(final_pack_name, 0444);
 
@@ -861,8 +1434,8 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 				 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 			final_index_name = name;
 		}
-		if (move_temp_to_file(curr_index_name, final_index_name))
-			die("cannot store index file");
+		if (finalize_object_file(curr_index_name, final_index_name))
+			die(_("cannot store index file"));
 	} else
 		chmod(final_index_name, 0444);
 
@@ -895,7 +1468,19 @@ static int git_index_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.indexversion")) {
 		opts->version = git_config_int(k, v);
 		if (opts->version > 2)
-			die("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32, opts->version);
+			die(_("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32), opts->version);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.threads")) {
+		nr_threads = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (nr_threads < 0)
+			die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"),
+			    nr_threads);
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+		if (nr_threads != 1)
+			warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), k);
+		nr_threads = 1;
+#endif
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
@@ -931,6 +1516,7 @@ static void read_v2_anomalous_offsets(struct packed_git *p,
 		if (!(off & 0x80000000))
 			continue;
 		off = off & 0x7fffffff;
+		check_pack_index_ptr(p, &idx2[off * 2]);
 		if (idx2[off * 2])
 			continue;
 		/*
@@ -951,9 +1537,9 @@ static void read_idx_option(struct pack_idx_option *opts, const char *pack_name)
 	struct packed_git *p = add_packed_git(pack_name, strlen(pack_name), 1);
 
 	if (!p)
-		die("Cannot open existing pack file '%s'", pack_name);
+		die(_("Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"), pack_name);
 	if (open_pack_index(p))
-		die("Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'", pack_name);
+		die(_("Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"), pack_name);
 
 	/* Read the attributes from the existing idx file */
 	opts->version = p->index_version;
@@ -974,7 +1560,7 @@ static void read_idx_option(struct pack_idx_option *opts, const char *pack_name)
 
 static void show_pack_info(int stat_only)
 {
-	int i, baseobjects = nr_objects - nr_deltas;
+	int i, baseobjects = nr_objects - nr_ref_deltas - nr_ofs_deltas;
 	unsigned long *chain_histogram = NULL;
 
 	if (deepest_delta)
@@ -984,7 +1570,7 @@ static void show_pack_info(int stat_only)
 		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
 
 		if (is_delta_type(obj->type))
-			chain_histogram[obj->delta_depth - 1]++;
+			chain_histogram[obj_stat[i].delta_depth - 1]++;
 		if (stat_only)
 			continue;
 		printf("%s %-6s %lu %lu %"PRIuMAX,
@@ -993,45 +1579,63 @@ static void show_pack_info(int stat_only)
 		       (unsigned long)(obj[1].idx.offset - obj->idx.offset),
 		       (uintmax_t)obj->idx.offset);
 		if (is_delta_type(obj->type)) {
-			struct object_entry *bobj = &objects[obj->base_object_no];
-			printf(" %u %s", obj->delta_depth, sha1_to_hex(bobj->idx.sha1));
+			struct object_entry *bobj = &objects[obj_stat[i].base_object_no];
+			printf(" %u %s", obj_stat[i].delta_depth, sha1_to_hex(bobj->idx.sha1));
 		}
 		putchar('\n');
 	}
 
 	if (baseobjects)
-		printf("non delta: %d object%s\n",
-		       baseobjects, baseobjects > 1 ? "s" : "");
+		printf_ln(Q_("non delta: %d object",
+			     "non delta: %d objects",
+			     baseobjects),
+			  baseobjects);
 	for (i = 0; i < deepest_delta; i++) {
 		if (!chain_histogram[i])
 			continue;
-		printf("chain length = %d: %lu object%s\n",
-		       i + 1,
-		       chain_histogram[i],
-		       chain_histogram[i] > 1 ? "s" : "");
+		printf_ln(Q_("chain length = %d: %lu object",
+			     "chain length = %d: %lu objects",
+			     chain_histogram[i]),
+			  i + 1,
+			  chain_histogram[i]);
 	}
 }
 
+static const char *derive_filename(const char *pack_name, const char *suffix,
+				   struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	if (!strip_suffix(pack_name, ".pack", &len))
+		die(_("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"),
+		    pack_name);
+	strbuf_add(buf, pack_name, len);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, suffix);
+	return buf->buf;
+}
+
 int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0, stat = 0;
-	const char *curr_pack, *curr_index;
+	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0;
+	const char *curr_index;
 	const char *index_name = NULL, *pack_name = NULL;
 	const char *keep_name = NULL, *keep_msg = NULL;
-	char *index_name_buf = NULL, *keep_name_buf = NULL;
+	struct strbuf index_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT,
+		      keep_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct pack_idx_entry **idx_objects;
 	struct pack_idx_option opts;
 	unsigned char pack_sha1[20];
+	unsigned foreign_nr = 1;	/* zero is a "good" value, assume bad */
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage(index_pack_usage);
 
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
+	fsck_options.walk = mark_link;
 
 	reset_pack_idx_option(&opts);
 	git_config(git_index_pack_config, &opts);
 	if (prefix && chdir(prefix))
-		die("Cannot come back to cwd");
+		die(_("Cannot come back to cwd"));
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
@@ -1043,20 +1647,39 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				fix_thin_pack = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
 				strict = 1;
+				do_fsck_object = 1;
+			} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--strict=", &arg)) {
+				strict = 1;
+				do_fsck_object = 1;
+				fsck_set_msg_types(&fsck_options, arg);
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--check-self-contained-and-connected")) {
+				strict = 1;
+				check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify")) {
 				verify = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat-only")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 				stat_only = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep")) {
 				keep_msg = "";
-			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--keep=")) {
+			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--keep=")) {
 				keep_msg = arg + 7;
-			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
+			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--threads=")) {
+				char *end;
+				nr_threads = strtoul(arg+10, &end, 0);
+				if (!arg[10] || *end || nr_threads < 0)
+					usage(index_pack_usage);
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+				if (nr_threads != 1)
+					warning(_("no threads support, "
+						  "ignoring %s"), arg);
+				nr_threads = 1;
+#endif
+			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
 				struct pack_header *hdr;
 				char *c;
 
@@ -1064,10 +1687,10 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				hdr->hdr_signature = htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE);
 				hdr->hdr_version = htonl(strtoul(arg + 14, &c, 10));
 				if (*c != ',')
-					die("bad %s", arg);
+					die(_("bad %s"), arg);
 				hdr->hdr_entries = htonl(strtoul(c + 1, &c, 10));
 				if (*c)
-					die("bad %s", arg);
+					die(_("bad %s"), arg);
 				input_len = sizeof(*hdr);
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-v")) {
 				verbose = 1;
@@ -1075,15 +1698,15 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				if (index_name || (i+1) >= argc)
 					usage(index_pack_usage);
 				index_name = argv[++i];
-			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--index-version=")) {
+			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--index-version=")) {
 				char *c;
 				opts.version = strtoul(arg + 16, &c, 10);
 				if (opts.version > 2)
-					die("bad %s", arg);
+					die(_("bad %s"), arg);
 				if (*c == ',')
 					opts.off32_limit = strtoul(c+1, &c, 0);
 				if (*c || opts.off32_limit & 0x80000000)
-					die("bad %s", arg);
+					die(_("bad %s"), arg);
 			} else
 				usage(index_pack_usage);
 			continue;
@@ -1097,83 +1720,48 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!pack_name && !from_stdin)
 		usage(index_pack_usage);
 	if (fix_thin_pack && !from_stdin)
-		die("--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin");
-	if (!index_name && pack_name) {
-		int len = strlen(pack_name);
-		if (!has_extension(pack_name, ".pack"))
-			die("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'",
-			    pack_name);
-		index_name_buf = xmalloc(len);
-		memcpy(index_name_buf, pack_name, len - 5);
-		strcpy(index_name_buf + len - 5, ".idx");
-		index_name = index_name_buf;
-	}
-	if (keep_msg && !keep_name && pack_name) {
-		int len = strlen(pack_name);
-		if (!has_extension(pack_name, ".pack"))
-			die("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'",
-			    pack_name);
-		keep_name_buf = xmalloc(len);
-		memcpy(keep_name_buf, pack_name, len - 5);
-		strcpy(keep_name_buf + len - 5, ".keep");
-		keep_name = keep_name_buf;
-	}
+		die(_("--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"));
+	if (!index_name && pack_name)
+		index_name = derive_filename(pack_name, ".idx", &index_name_buf);
+	if (keep_msg && !keep_name && pack_name)
+		keep_name = derive_filename(pack_name, ".keep", &keep_name_buf);
+
 	if (verify) {
 		if (!index_name)
-			die("--verify with no packfile name given");
+			die(_("--verify with no packfile name given"));
 		read_idx_option(&opts, index_name);
 		opts.flags |= WRITE_IDX_VERIFY | WRITE_IDX_STRICT;
 	}
 	if (strict)
 		opts.flags |= WRITE_IDX_STRICT;
 
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	if (!nr_threads) {
+		nr_threads = online_cpus();
+		/* An experiment showed that more threads does not mean faster */
+		if (nr_threads > 3)
+			nr_threads = 3;
+	}
+#endif
+
 	curr_pack = open_pack_file(pack_name);
 	parse_pack_header();
-	objects = xcalloc(nr_objects + 1, sizeof(struct object_entry));
-	deltas = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(struct delta_entry));
+	objects = xcalloc(st_add(nr_objects, 1), sizeof(struct object_entry));
+	if (show_stat)
+		obj_stat = xcalloc(st_add(nr_objects, 1), sizeof(struct object_stat));
+	ofs_deltas = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(struct ofs_delta_entry));
 	parse_pack_objects(pack_sha1);
-	if (nr_deltas == nr_resolved_deltas) {
-		stop_progress(&progress);
-		/* Flush remaining pack final 20-byte SHA1. */
-		flush();
-	} else {
-		if (fix_thin_pack) {
-			struct sha1file *f;
-			unsigned char read_sha1[20], tail_sha1[20];
-			char msg[48];
-			int nr_unresolved = nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas;
-			int nr_objects_initial = nr_objects;
-			if (nr_unresolved <= 0)
-				die("confusion beyond insanity");
-			objects = xrealloc(objects,
-					   (nr_objects + nr_unresolved + 1)
-					   * sizeof(*objects));
-			f = sha1fd(output_fd, curr_pack);
-			fix_unresolved_deltas(f, nr_unresolved);
-			sprintf(msg, "completed with %d local objects",
-				nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
-			stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg);
-			sha1close(f, tail_sha1, 0);
-			hashcpy(read_sha1, pack_sha1);
-			fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd, pack_sha1,
-						 curr_pack, nr_objects,
-						 read_sha1, consumed_bytes-20);
-			if (hashcmp(read_sha1, tail_sha1) != 0)
-				die("Unexpected tail checksum for %s "
-				    "(disk corruption?)", curr_pack);
-		}
-		if (nr_deltas != nr_resolved_deltas)
-			die("pack has %d unresolved deltas",
-			    nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas);
-	}
-	free(deltas);
+	resolve_deltas();
+	conclude_pack(fix_thin_pack, curr_pack, pack_sha1);
+	free(ofs_deltas);
+	free(ref_deltas);
 	if (strict)
-		check_objects();
+		foreign_nr = check_objects();
 
-	if (stat)
+	if (show_stat)
 		show_pack_info(stat_only);
 
-	idx_objects = xmalloc((nr_objects) * sizeof(struct pack_idx_entry *));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(idx_objects, nr_objects);
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++)
 		idx_objects[i] = &objects[i].idx;
 	curr_index = write_idx_file(index_name, idx_objects, nr_objects, &opts, pack_sha1);
@@ -1187,12 +1775,18 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	else
 		close(input_fd);
 	free(objects);
-	free(index_name_buf);
-	free(keep_name_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&index_name_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&keep_name_buf);
 	if (pack_name == NULL)
 		free((void *) curr_pack);
 	if (index_name == NULL)
 		free((void *) curr_index);
 
+	/*
+	 * Let the caller know this pack is not self contained
+	 */
+	if (check_self_contained_and_connected && foreign_nr)
+		return 1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/init-db.c b/builtin/init-db.c
index 0dacb8b79c..b2d8d40a67 100644
--- a/builtin/init-db.c
+++ b/builtin/init-db.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
@@ -23,22 +24,11 @@ static int init_shared_repository = -1;
 static const char *init_db_template_dir;
 static const char *git_link;
 
-static void safe_create_dir(const char *dir, int share)
-{
-	if (mkdir(dir, 0777) < 0) {
-		if (errno != EEXIST) {
-			perror(dir);
-			exit(1);
-		}
-	}
-	else if (share && adjust_shared_perm(dir))
-		die(_("Could not make %s writable by group"), dir);
-}
-
-static void copy_templates_1(char *path, int baselen,
-			     char *template, int template_baselen,
+static void copy_templates_1(struct strbuf *path, struct strbuf *template,
 			     DIR *dir)
 {
+	size_t path_baselen = path->len;
+	size_t template_baselen = template->len;
 	struct dirent *de;
 
 	/* Note: if ".git/hooks" file exists in the repository being
@@ -48,125 +38,115 @@ static void copy_templates_1(char *path, int baselen,
 	 * with the way the namespace under .git/ is organized, should
 	 * be really carefully chosen.
 	 */
-	safe_create_dir(path, 1);
+	safe_create_dir(path->buf, 1);
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 		struct stat st_git, st_template;
-		int namelen;
 		int exists = 0;
 
+		strbuf_setlen(path, path_baselen);
+		strbuf_setlen(template, template_baselen);
+
 		if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
 			continue;
-		namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
-		if ((PATH_MAX <= baselen + namelen) ||
-		    (PATH_MAX <= template_baselen + namelen))
-			die(_("insanely long template name %s"), de->d_name);
-		memcpy(path + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
-		memcpy(template + template_baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
-		if (lstat(path, &st_git)) {
+		strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
+		strbuf_addstr(template, de->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st_git)) {
 			if (errno != ENOENT)
-				die_errno(_("cannot stat '%s'"), path);
+				die_errno(_("cannot stat '%s'"), path->buf);
 		}
 		else
 			exists = 1;
 
-		if (lstat(template, &st_template))
-			die_errno(_("cannot stat template '%s'"), template);
+		if (lstat(template->buf, &st_template))
+			die_errno(_("cannot stat template '%s'"), template->buf);
 
 		if (S_ISDIR(st_template.st_mode)) {
-			DIR *subdir = opendir(template);
-			int baselen_sub = baselen + namelen;
-			int template_baselen_sub = template_baselen + namelen;
+			DIR *subdir = opendir(template->buf);
 			if (!subdir)
-				die_errno(_("cannot opendir '%s'"), template);
-			path[baselen_sub++] =
-				template[template_baselen_sub++] = '/';
-			path[baselen_sub] =
-				template[template_baselen_sub] = 0;
-			copy_templates_1(path, baselen_sub,
-					 template, template_baselen_sub,
-					 subdir);
+				die_errno(_("cannot opendir '%s'"), template->buf);
+			strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+			strbuf_addch(template, '/');
+			copy_templates_1(path, template, subdir);
 			closedir(subdir);
 		}
 		else if (exists)
 			continue;
 		else if (S_ISLNK(st_template.st_mode)) {
-			char lnk[256];
-			int len;
-			len = readlink(template, lnk, sizeof(lnk));
-			if (len < 0)
-				die_errno(_("cannot readlink '%s'"), template);
-			if (sizeof(lnk) <= len)
-				die(_("insanely long symlink %s"), template);
-			lnk[len] = 0;
-			if (symlink(lnk, path))
-				die_errno(_("cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"), lnk, path);
+			struct strbuf lnk = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (strbuf_readlink(&lnk, template->buf, 0) < 0)
+				die_errno(_("cannot readlink '%s'"), template->buf);
+			if (symlink(lnk.buf, path->buf))
+				die_errno(_("cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"),
+					  lnk.buf, path->buf);
+			strbuf_release(&lnk);
 		}
 		else if (S_ISREG(st_template.st_mode)) {
-			if (copy_file(path, template, st_template.st_mode))
-				die_errno(_("cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"), template,
-					  path);
+			if (copy_file(path->buf, template->buf, st_template.st_mode))
+				die_errno(_("cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"),
+					  template->buf, path->buf);
 		}
 		else
-			error(_("ignoring template %s"), template);
+			error(_("ignoring template %s"), template->buf);
 	}
 }
 
 static void copy_templates(const char *template_dir)
 {
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
-	char template_path[PATH_MAX];
-	int template_len;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf template_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t template_len;
+	struct repository_format template_format;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 	DIR *dir;
-	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
-	int len = strlen(git_dir);
+	char *to_free = NULL;
 
 	if (!template_dir)
 		template_dir = getenv(TEMPLATE_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 	if (!template_dir)
 		template_dir = init_db_template_dir;
 	if (!template_dir)
-		template_dir = system_path(DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR);
-	if (!template_dir[0])
+		template_dir = to_free = system_path(DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR);
+	if (!template_dir[0]) {
+		free(to_free);
 		return;
-	template_len = strlen(template_dir);
-	if (PATH_MAX <= (template_len+strlen("/config")))
-		die(_("insanely long template path %s"), template_dir);
-	strcpy(template_path, template_dir);
-	if (template_path[template_len-1] != '/') {
-		template_path[template_len++] = '/';
-		template_path[template_len] = 0;
 	}
-	dir = opendir(template_path);
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&template_path, template_dir);
+	strbuf_complete(&template_path, '/');
+	template_len = template_path.len;
+
+	dir = opendir(template_path.buf);
 	if (!dir) {
 		warning(_("templates not found %s"), template_dir);
-		return;
+		goto free_return;
 	}
 
 	/* Make sure that template is from the correct vintage */
-	strcpy(template_path + template_len, "config");
-	repository_format_version = 0;
-	git_config_from_file(check_repository_format_version,
-			     template_path, NULL);
-	template_path[template_len] = 0;
-
-	if (repository_format_version &&
-	    repository_format_version != GIT_REPO_VERSION) {
-		warning(_("not copying templates of "
-			"a wrong format version %d from '%s'"),
-			repository_format_version,
-			template_dir);
-		closedir(dir);
-		return;
+	strbuf_addstr(&template_path, "config");
+	read_repository_format(&template_format, template_path.buf);
+	strbuf_setlen(&template_path, template_len);
+
+	/*
+	 * No mention of version at all is OK, but anything else should be
+	 * verified.
+	 */
+	if (template_format.version >= 0 &&
+	    verify_repository_format(&template_format, &err) < 0) {
+		warning(_("not copying templates from '%s': %s"),
+			  template_dir, err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		goto close_free_return;
 	}
 
-	memcpy(path, git_dir, len);
-	if (len && path[len - 1] != '/')
-		path[len++] = '/';
-	path[len] = 0;
-	copy_templates_1(path, len,
-			 template_path, template_len,
-			 dir);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, get_git_dir());
+	strbuf_complete(&path, '/');
+	copy_templates_1(&path, &template_path, dir);
+close_free_return:
 	closedir(dir);
+free_return:
+	free(to_free);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	strbuf_release(&template_path);
 }
 
 static int git_init_db_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
@@ -177,30 +157,36 @@ static int git_init_db_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * If the git_dir is not directly inside the working tree, then git will not
+ * find it by default, and we need to set the worktree explicitly.
+ */
+static int needs_work_tree_config(const char *git_dir, const char *work_tree)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(work_tree, "/") && !strcmp(git_dir, "/.git"))
+		return 0;
+	if (skip_prefix(git_dir, work_tree, &git_dir) &&
+	    !strcmp(git_dir, "/.git"))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
 static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
 {
-	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
-	unsigned len = strlen(git_dir);
-	static char path[PATH_MAX];
 	struct stat st1;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *path;
 	char repo_version_string[10];
 	char junk[2];
 	int reinit;
 	int filemode;
 
-	if (len > sizeof(path)-50)
-		die(_("insane git directory %s"), git_dir);
-	memcpy(path, git_dir, len);
-
-	if (len && path[len-1] != '/')
-		path[len++] = '/';
-
 	/*
 	 * Create .git/refs/{heads,tags}
 	 */
-	safe_create_dir(git_path("refs"), 1);
-	safe_create_dir(git_path("refs/heads"), 1);
-	safe_create_dir(git_path("refs/tags"), 1);
+	safe_create_dir(git_path_buf(&buf, "refs"), 1);
+	safe_create_dir(git_path_buf(&buf, "refs/heads"), 1);
+	safe_create_dir(git_path_buf(&buf, "refs/tags"), 1);
 
 	/* Just look for `init.templatedir` */
 	git_config(git_init_db_config, NULL);
@@ -216,24 +202,24 @@ static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
 
 	/* reading existing config may have overwrote it */
 	if (init_shared_repository != -1)
-		shared_repository = init_shared_repository;
+		set_shared_repository(init_shared_repository);
 
 	/*
 	 * We would have created the above under user's umask -- under
 	 * shared-repository settings, we would need to fix them up.
 	 */
-	if (shared_repository) {
+	if (get_shared_repository()) {
 		adjust_shared_perm(get_git_dir());
-		adjust_shared_perm(git_path("refs"));
-		adjust_shared_perm(git_path("refs/heads"));
-		adjust_shared_perm(git_path("refs/tags"));
+		adjust_shared_perm(git_path_buf(&buf, "refs"));
+		adjust_shared_perm(git_path_buf(&buf, "refs/heads"));
+		adjust_shared_perm(git_path_buf(&buf, "refs/tags"));
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Create the default symlink from ".git/HEAD" to the "master"
 	 * branch, if it does not exist yet.
 	 */
-	strcpy(path + len, "HEAD");
+	path = git_path_buf(&buf, "HEAD");
 	reinit = (!access(path, R_OK)
 		  || readlink(path, junk, sizeof(junk)-1) != -1);
 	if (!reinit) {
@@ -242,19 +228,21 @@ static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
 	}
 
 	/* This forces creation of new config file */
-	sprintf(repo_version_string, "%d", GIT_REPO_VERSION);
+	xsnprintf(repo_version_string, sizeof(repo_version_string),
+		  "%d", GIT_REPO_VERSION);
 	git_config_set("core.repositoryformatversion", repo_version_string);
 
-	path[len] = 0;
-	strcpy(path + len, "config");
-
 	/* Check filemode trustability */
+	path = git_path_buf(&buf, "config");
 	filemode = TEST_FILEMODE;
 	if (TEST_FILEMODE && !lstat(path, &st1)) {
 		struct stat st2;
 		filemode = (!chmod(path, st1.st_mode ^ S_IXUSR) &&
 				!lstat(path, &st2) &&
-				st1.st_mode != st2.st_mode);
+				st1.st_mode != st2.st_mode &&
+				!chmod(path, st1.st_mode));
+		if (filemode && !reinit && (st1.st_mode & S_IXUSR))
+			filemode = 0;
 	}
 	git_config_set("core.filemode", filemode ? "true" : "false");
 
@@ -265,17 +253,14 @@ static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
 		git_config_set("core.bare", "false");
 		/* allow template config file to override the default */
 		if (log_all_ref_updates == -1)
-		    git_config_set("core.logallrefupdates", "true");
-		if (prefixcmp(git_dir, work_tree) ||
-		    strcmp(git_dir + strlen(work_tree), "/.git")) {
+			git_config_set("core.logallrefupdates", "true");
+		if (needs_work_tree_config(get_git_dir(), work_tree))
 			git_config_set("core.worktree", work_tree);
-		}
 	}
 
 	if (!reinit) {
 		/* Check if symlink is supported in the work tree */
-		path[len] = 0;
-		strcpy(path + len, "tXXXXXX");
+		path = git_path_buf(&buf, "tXXXXXX");
 		if (!close(xmkstemp(path)) &&
 		    !unlink(path) &&
 		    !symlink("testing", path) &&
@@ -286,30 +271,35 @@ static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
 			git_config_set("core.symlinks", "false");
 
 		/* Check if the filesystem is case-insensitive */
-		path[len] = 0;
-		strcpy(path + len, "CoNfIg");
+		path = git_path_buf(&buf, "CoNfIg");
 		if (!access(path, F_OK))
 			git_config_set("core.ignorecase", "true");
+		probe_utf8_pathname_composition();
 	}
 
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return reinit;
 }
 
 static void create_object_directory(void)
 {
-	const char *object_directory = get_object_directory();
-	int len = strlen(object_directory);
-	char *path = xmalloc(len + 40);
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t baselen;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, get_object_directory());
+	baselen = path.len;
 
-	memcpy(path, object_directory, len);
+	safe_create_dir(path.buf, 1);
 
-	safe_create_dir(object_directory, 1);
-	strcpy(path+len, "/pack");
-	safe_create_dir(path, 1);
-	strcpy(path+len, "/info");
-	safe_create_dir(path, 1);
+	strbuf_setlen(&path, baselen);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, "/pack");
+	safe_create_dir(path.buf, 1);
 
-	free(path);
+	strbuf_setlen(&path, baselen);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, "/info");
+	safe_create_dir(path.buf, 1);
+
+	strbuf_release(&path);
 }
 
 int set_git_dir_init(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir,
@@ -329,19 +319,19 @@ int set_git_dir_init(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir,
 		 * moving the target repo later on in separate_git_dir()
 		 */
 		git_link = xstrdup(real_path(git_dir));
+		set_git_dir(real_path(real_git_dir));
 	}
 	else {
-		real_git_dir = real_path(git_dir);
+		set_git_dir(real_path(git_dir));
 		git_link = NULL;
 	}
-	set_git_dir(real_path(real_git_dir));
+	startup_info->have_repository = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void separate_git_dir(const char *git_dir)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	FILE *fp;
 
 	if (!stat(git_link, &st)) {
 		const char *src;
@@ -357,11 +347,7 @@ static void separate_git_dir(const char *git_dir)
 			die_errno(_("unable to move %s to %s"), src, git_dir);
 	}
 
-	fp = fopen(git_link, "w");
-	if (!fp)
-		die(_("Could not create git link %s"), git_link);
-	fprintf(fp, "gitdir: %s\n", git_dir);
-	fclose(fp);
+	write_file(git_link, "gitdir: %s", git_dir);
 }
 
 int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags)
@@ -387,7 +373,7 @@ int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags)
 
 	create_object_directory();
 
-	if (shared_repository) {
+	if (get_shared_repository()) {
 		char buf[10];
 		/* We do not spell "group" and such, so that
 		 * the configuration can be read by older version
@@ -395,15 +381,15 @@ int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags)
 		 * and compatibility values for PERM_GROUP and
 		 * PERM_EVERYBODY.
 		 */
-		if (shared_repository < 0)
+		if (get_shared_repository() < 0)
 			/* force to the mode value */
-			sprintf(buf, "0%o", -shared_repository);
-		else if (shared_repository == PERM_GROUP)
-			sprintf(buf, "%d", OLD_PERM_GROUP);
-		else if (shared_repository == PERM_EVERYBODY)
-			sprintf(buf, "%d", OLD_PERM_EVERYBODY);
+			xsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "0%o", -get_shared_repository());
+		else if (get_shared_repository() == PERM_GROUP)
+			xsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", OLD_PERM_GROUP);
+		else if (get_shared_repository() == PERM_EVERYBODY)
+			xsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", OLD_PERM_EVERYBODY);
 		else
-			die("oops");
+			die("BUG: invalid value for shared_repository");
 		git_config_set("core.sharedrepository", buf);
 		git_config_set("receive.denyNonFastforwards", "true");
 	}
@@ -411,14 +397,12 @@ int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags)
 	if (!(flags & INIT_DB_QUIET)) {
 		int len = strlen(git_dir);
 
-		/*
-		 * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
-		 * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
-		 * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
-		 */
+		/* TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+		   existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+		   "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name. */
 		printf(_("%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"),
 		       reinit ? _("Reinitialized existing") : _("Initialized empty"),
-		       shared_repository ? _(" shared") : "",
+		       get_shared_repository() ? _(" shared") : "",
 		       git_dir, len && git_dir[len-1] != '/' ? "/" : "");
 	}
 
@@ -427,8 +411,9 @@ int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags)
 
 static int guess_repository_type(const char *git_dir)
 {
-	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *slash;
+	char *cwd;
+	int cwd_is_git_dir;
 
 	/*
 	 * "GIT_DIR=. git init" is always bare.
@@ -436,9 +421,10 @@ static int guess_repository_type(const char *git_dir)
 	 */
 	if (!strcmp(".", git_dir))
 		return 1;
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-		die_errno(_("cannot tell cwd"));
-	if (!strcmp(git_dir, cwd))
+	cwd = xgetcwd();
+	cwd_is_git_dir = !strcmp(git_dir, cwd);
+	free(cwd);
+	if (cwd_is_git_dir)
 		return 1;
 	/*
 	 * "GIT_DIR=.git or GIT_DIR=something/.git is usually not.
@@ -463,7 +449,7 @@ static int shared_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 }
 
 static const char *const init_db_usage[] = {
-	"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]",
+	N_("git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -481,17 +467,17 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *template_dir = NULL;
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	const struct option init_db_options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING(0, "template", &template_dir, "template-directory",
-				"directory from which templates will be used"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "template", &template_dir, N_("template-directory"),
+				N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "bare", &is_bare_repository_cfg,
-				"create a bare repository", 1),
+				N_("create a bare repository"), 1),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "shared", &init_shared_repository,
-			"permissions",
-			"specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users",
+			N_("permissions"),
+			N_("specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, shared_callback, 0},
-		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, "be quiet", INIT_DB_QUIET),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, "gitdir",
-			   "separate git dir from working tree"),
+		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, N_("be quiet"), INIT_DB_QUIET),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, N_("gitdir"),
+			   N_("separate git dir from working tree")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -511,19 +497,20 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				 * and we know shared_repository should always be 0;
 				 * but just in case we play safe.
 				 */
-				saved = shared_repository;
-				shared_repository = 0;
+				saved = get_shared_repository();
+				set_shared_repository(0);
 				switch (safe_create_leading_directories_const(argv[0])) {
-				case -3:
+				case SCLD_OK:
+				case SCLD_PERMS:
+					break;
+				case SCLD_EXISTS:
 					errno = EEXIST;
 					/* fallthru */
-				case -1:
-					die_errno(_("cannot mkdir %s"), argv[0]);
-					break;
 				default:
+					die_errno(_("cannot mkdir %s"), argv[0]);
 					break;
 				}
-				shared_repository = saved;
+				set_shared_repository(saved);
 				if (mkdir(argv[0], 0777) < 0)
 					die_errno(_("cannot mkdir %s"), argv[0]);
 				mkdir_tried = 1;
@@ -535,14 +522,13 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage(init_db_usage[0]);
 	}
 	if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1) {
-		static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
-
-		setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
-			getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), argc > 0);
+		char *cwd = xgetcwd();
+		setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cwd, argc > 0);
+		free(cwd);
 	}
 
 	if (init_shared_repository != -1)
-		shared_repository = init_shared_repository;
+		set_shared_repository(init_shared_repository);
 
 	/*
 	 * GIT_WORK_TREE makes sense only in conjunction with GIT_DIR
@@ -572,13 +558,10 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(real_path(rel));
 			free(rel);
 		}
-		if (!git_work_tree_cfg) {
-			git_work_tree_cfg = xcalloc(PATH_MAX, 1);
-			if (!getcwd(git_work_tree_cfg, PATH_MAX))
-				die_errno (_("Cannot access current working directory"));
-		}
+		if (!git_work_tree_cfg)
+			git_work_tree_cfg = xgetcwd();
 		if (work_tree)
-			set_git_work_tree(real_path(work_tree));
+			set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
 		else
 			set_git_work_tree(git_work_tree_cfg);
 		if (access(get_git_work_tree(), X_OK))
@@ -587,7 +570,7 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else {
 		if (work_tree)
-			set_git_work_tree(real_path(work_tree));
+			set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
 	}
 
 	set_git_dir_init(git_dir, real_git_dir, 1);
diff --git a/builtin/interpret-trailers.c b/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..175f14797b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git interpret-trailers"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "trailer.h"
+
+static const char * const git_interpret_trailers_usage[] = {
+	N_("git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_interpret_trailers(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int in_place = 0;
+	int trim_empty = 0;
+	struct string_list trailers = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "in-place", &in_place, N_("edit files in place")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "trim-empty", &trim_empty, N_("trim empty trailers")),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "trailer", &trailers, N_("trailer"),
+				N_("trailer(s) to add")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			     git_interpret_trailers_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+			process_trailers(argv[i], in_place, trim_empty, &trailers);
+	} else {
+		if (in_place)
+			die(_("no input file given for in-place editing"));
+		process_trailers(NULL, in_place, trim_empty, &trailers);
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&trailers, 0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index 7d1f6f88a0..de47b4e89a 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  *		 2006 Junio Hamano
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "diff.h"
@@ -19,24 +20,37 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 #include "branch.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 /* Set a default date-time format for git log ("log.date" config variable) */
 static const char *default_date_mode = NULL;
 
 static int default_abbrev_commit;
 static int default_show_root = 1;
+static int default_follow;
 static int decoration_style;
 static int decoration_given;
+static int use_mailmap_config;
 static const char *fmt_patch_subject_prefix = "PATCH";
 static const char *fmt_pretty;
 
 static const char * const builtin_log_usage[] = {
-	"git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-	"   or: git show [options] <object>...",
+	N_("git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"),
+	N_("git show [<options>] <object>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+struct line_opt_callback_data {
+	struct rev_info *rev;
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct string_list args;
+};
+
 static int parse_decoration_style(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	switch (git_config_maybe_bool(var, value)) {
@@ -51,6 +65,8 @@ static int parse_decoration_style(const char *var, const char *value)
 		return DECORATE_FULL_REFS;
 	else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
 		return DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "auto"))
+		return (isatty(1) || pager_in_use()) ? DECORATE_SHORT_REFS : 0;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -64,54 +80,87 @@ static int decorate_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unse
 		decoration_style = DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
 
 	if (decoration_style < 0)
-		die("invalid --decorate option: %s", arg);
+		die(_("invalid --decorate option: %s"), arg);
 
 	decoration_given = 1;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int log_line_range_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct line_opt_callback_data *data = option->value;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	data->rev->line_level_traverse = 1;
+	string_list_append(&data->args, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void init_log_defaults(void)
+{
+	init_grep_defaults();
+	init_diff_ui_defaults();
+}
+
 static void cmd_log_init_defaults(struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	if (fmt_pretty)
 		get_commit_format(fmt_pretty, rev);
+	if (default_follow)
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, DEFAULT_FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	rev->verbose_header = 1;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	rev->diffopt.stat_width = -1; /* use full terminal width */
+	rev->diffopt.stat_graph_width = -1; /* respect statGraphWidth config */
 	rev->abbrev_commit = default_abbrev_commit;
 	rev->show_root_diff = default_show_root;
 	rev->subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
 
 	if (default_date_mode)
-		rev->date_mode = parse_date_format(default_date_mode);
+		parse_date_format(default_date_mode, &rev->date_mode);
+	rev->diffopt.touched_flags = 0;
 }
 
 static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 			 struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct userformat_want w;
-	int quiet = 0, source = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, source = 0, mailmap = 0;
+	static struct line_opt_callback_data line_cb = {NULL, NULL, STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP};
 
 	const struct option builtin_log_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet, "suppress diff output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "source", &source, "show source"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, "decorate options",
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "source", &source, N_("show source")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-mailmap", &mailmap, N_("Use mail map file")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, N_("decorate options"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, decorate_callback},
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &line_cb, "n,m:file",
+			     N_("Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"),
+			     log_line_range_callback),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	line_cb.rev = rev;
+	line_cb.prefix = prefix;
+
+	mailmap = use_mailmap_config;
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_log_options, builtin_log_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, opt);
 	if (quiet)
 		rev->diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, opt);
 
 	/* Any arguments at this point are not recognized */
 	if (argc > 1)
-		die("unrecognized argument: %s", argv[1]);
+		die(_("unrecognized argument: %s"), argv[1]);
 
 	memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
 	userformat_find_requirements(NULL, &w);
@@ -121,17 +170,18 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	if (rev->show_notes)
 		init_display_notes(&rev->notes_opt);
 
-	if (rev->diffopt.pickaxe || rev->diffopt.filter)
+	if (rev->diffopt.pickaxe || rev->diffopt.filter ||
+	    DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
 		rev->always_show_header = 0;
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES)) {
-		rev->always_show_header = 0;
-		if (rev->diffopt.pathspec.nr != 1)
-			usage("git logs can only follow renames on one pathname at a time");
-	}
 
 	if (source)
 		rev->show_source = 1;
 
+	if (mailmap) {
+		rev->mailmap = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+		read_mailmap(rev->mailmap, NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (rev->pretty_given && rev->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_RAW) {
 		/*
 		 * "log --pretty=raw" is special; ignore UI oriented
@@ -147,6 +197,10 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		rev->show_decorations = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(decoration_style);
 	}
+
+	if (rev->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_init(rev, line_cb.prefix, &line_cb.args);
+
 	setup_pager();
 }
 
@@ -192,7 +246,7 @@ static void log_show_early(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit_list *list)
 	int i = revs->early_output;
 	int show_header = 1;
 
-	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->sort_order);
 	while (list && i) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
@@ -294,8 +348,7 @@ static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 	 * retain that state information if replacing rev->diffopt in this loop
 	 */
 	while ((commit = get_revision(rev)) != NULL) {
-		if (!log_tree_commit(rev, commit) &&
-		    rev->max_count >= 0)
+		if (!log_tree_commit(rev, commit) && rev->max_count >= 0)
 			/*
 			 * We decremented max_count in get_revision,
 			 * but we didn't actually show the commit.
@@ -303,8 +356,7 @@ static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 			rev->max_count++;
 		if (!rev->reflog_info) {
 			/* we allow cycles in reflog ancestry */
-			free(commit->buffer);
-			commit->buffer = NULL;
+			free_commit_buffer(commit);
 		}
 		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
 		commit->parents = NULL;
@@ -325,6 +377,8 @@ static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 
 static int git_log_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	const char *slot_name;
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.pretty"))
 		return git_config_string(&fmt_pretty, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.subjectprefix"))
@@ -345,9 +399,21 @@ static int git_log_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		default_show_root = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.decorate."))
-		return parse_decorate_color_config(var, 15, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "log.follow")) {
+		default_follow = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "color.decorate.", &slot_name))
+		return parse_decorate_color_config(var, slot_name, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "log.mailmap")) {
+		use_mailmap_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
+	if (grep_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (git_gpg_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
 	return git_diff_ui_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -356,6 +422,7 @@ int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_log_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -363,6 +430,7 @@ int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	rev.simplify_history = 0;
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 	opt.def = "HEAD";
+	opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
 		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
@@ -381,8 +449,32 @@ static void show_tagger(char *buf, int len, struct rev_info *rev)
 	strbuf_release(&out);
 }
 
-static int show_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int show_tag_object,
-	struct rev_info *rev)
+static int show_blob_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev, const char *obj_name)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1c[20];
+	struct object_context obj_context;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TOUCHED(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) ||
+	    !DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV))
+		return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, sha1c, &obj_context))
+		die(_("Not a valid object name %s"), obj_name);
+	if (!obj_context.path[0] ||
+	    !textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1c, 1, &buf, &size))
+		return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		die(_("git show %s: bad file"), obj_name);
+
+	write_or_die(1, buf, size);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_tag_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
@@ -392,16 +484,16 @@ static int show_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int show_tag_object,
 	if (!buf)
 		return error(_("Could not read object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-	if (show_tag_object)
-		while (offset < size && buf[offset] != '\n') {
-			int new_offset = offset + 1;
-			while (new_offset < size && buf[new_offset++] != '\n')
-				; /* do nothing */
-			if (!prefixcmp(buf + offset, "tagger "))
-				show_tagger(buf + offset + 7,
-					    new_offset - offset - 7, rev);
-			offset = new_offset;
-		}
+	assert(type == OBJ_TAG);
+	while (offset < size && buf[offset] != '\n') {
+		int new_offset = offset + 1;
+		while (new_offset < size && buf[new_offset++] != '\n')
+			; /* do nothing */
+		if (starts_with(buf + offset, "tagger "))
+			show_tagger(buf + offset + 7,
+				    new_offset - offset - 7, rev);
+		offset = new_offset;
+	}
 
 	if (offset < size)
 		fwrite(buf + offset, size - offset, 1, stdout);
@@ -410,20 +502,21 @@ static int show_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int show_tag_object,
 }
 
 static int show_tree_object(const unsigned char *sha1,
-		const char *base, int baselen,
+		struct strbuf *base,
 		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
 	printf("%s%s\n", pathname, S_ISDIR(mode) ? "/" : "");
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void show_rev_tweak_rev(struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
+static void show_setup_revisions_tweak(struct rev_info *rev,
+				       struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
 	if (rev->ignore_merges) {
 		/* There was no "-m" on the command line */
 		rev->ignore_merges = 0;
 		if (!rev->first_parent_only && !rev->combine_merges) {
-			/* No "--first-parent", "-c", nor "--cc" */
+			/* No "--first-parent", "-c", or "--cc" */
 			rev->combine_merges = 1;
 			rev->dense_combined_merges = 1;
 		}
@@ -440,18 +533,24 @@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct pathspec match_all;
 	int i, count, ret = 0;
 
+	init_log_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
-	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
+	memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
-	rev.no_walk = 1;
+	rev.no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
+	rev.diffopt.stat_width = -1; 	/* Scale to real terminal size */
+
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 	opt.def = "HEAD";
-	opt.tweak = show_rev_tweak_rev;
+	opt.tweak = show_setup_revisions_tweak;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 
+	if (!rev.no_walk)
+		return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
+
 	count = rev.pending.nr;
 	objects = rev.pending.objects;
 	for (i = 0; i < count && !ret; i++) {
@@ -459,7 +558,7 @@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		const char *name = objects[i].name;
 		switch (o->type) {
 		case OBJ_BLOB:
-			ret = show_object(o->sha1, 0, NULL);
+			ret = show_blob_object(o->oid.hash, &rev, name);
 			break;
 		case OBJ_TAG: {
 			struct tag *t = (struct tag *)o;
@@ -470,14 +569,14 @@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
 					t->tag,
 					diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
-			ret = show_object(o->sha1, 1, &rev);
+			ret = show_tag_object(o->oid.hash, &rev);
 			rev.shown_one = 1;
 			if (ret)
 				break;
-			o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
+			o = parse_object(t->tagged->oid.hash);
 			if (!o)
 				ret = error(_("Could not read object %s"),
-					    sha1_to_hex(t->tagged->sha1));
+					    oid_to_hex(&t->tagged->oid));
 			objects[i].item = o;
 			i--;
 			break;
@@ -515,6 +614,7 @@ int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_log_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -532,17 +632,36 @@ int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
 }
 
+static void log_setup_revisions_tweak(struct rev_info *rev,
+				      struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
+{
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, DEFAULT_FOLLOW_RENAMES) &&
+	    rev->prune_data.nr == 1)
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+
+	/* Turn --cc/-c into -p --cc/-c when -p was not given */
+	if (!rev->diffopt.output_format && rev->combine_merges)
+		rev->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+
+	/* Turn -m on when --cc/-c was given */
+	if (rev->combine_merges)
+		rev->ignore_merges = 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_log_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 	opt.def = "HEAD";
+	opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
+	opt.tweak = log_setup_revisions_tweak;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
 }
@@ -555,9 +674,9 @@ static int auto_number = 1;
 
 static char *default_attach = NULL;
 
-static struct string_list extra_hdr;
-static struct string_list extra_to;
-static struct string_list extra_cc;
+static struct string_list extra_hdr = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+static struct string_list extra_to = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+static struct string_list extra_cc = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 static void add_header(const char *value)
 {
@@ -583,7 +702,18 @@ static void add_header(const char *value)
 #define THREAD_DEEP 2
 static int thread;
 static int do_signoff;
+static int base_auto;
 static const char *signature = git_version_string;
+static const char *signature_file;
+static int config_cover_letter;
+static const char *config_output_directory;
+
+enum {
+	COVER_UNSET,
+	COVER_OFF,
+	COVER_ON,
+	COVER_AUTO
+};
 
 static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -608,7 +738,7 @@ static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.diff") ||
-	    !strcmp(var, "color.ui")) {
+	    !strcmp(var, "color.ui") || !strcmp(var, "diff.submodule")) {
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.numbered")) {
@@ -645,6 +775,22 @@ static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.signature"))
 		return git_config_string(&signature, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.signaturefile"))
+		return git_config_pathname(&signature_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.coverletter")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
+			config_cover_letter = COVER_AUTO;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		config_cover_letter = git_config_bool(var, value) ? COVER_ON : COVER_OFF;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.outputdirectory"))
+		return git_config_string(&config_output_directory, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.useautobase")) {
+		base_auto = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	return git_log_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -653,21 +799,26 @@ static FILE *realstdout = NULL;
 static const char *output_directory = NULL;
 static int outdir_offset;
 
-static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
+static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, const char *subject,
+			 struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
 {
 	struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int suffix_len = strlen(fmt_patch_suffix) + 1;
+	int suffix_len = strlen(rev->patch_suffix) + 1;
 
 	if (output_directory) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&filename, output_directory);
 		if (filename.len >=
 		    PATH_MAX - FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len)
 			return error(_("name of output directory is too long"));
-		if (filename.buf[filename.len - 1] != '/')
-			strbuf_addch(&filename, '/');
+		strbuf_complete(&filename, '/');
 	}
 
-	get_patch_filename(commit, rev->nr, fmt_patch_suffix, &filename);
+	if (rev->numbered_files)
+		strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", rev->nr);
+	else if (commit)
+		fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, rev);
+	else
+		fmt_output_subject(&filename, subject, rev);
 
 	if (!quiet)
 		fprintf(realstdout, "%s\n", filename.buf + outdir_offset);
@@ -679,10 +830,10 @@ static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const char *prefix)
+static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids)
 {
 	struct rev_info check_rev;
-	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit *commit, *c1, *c2;
 	struct object *o1, *o2;
 	unsigned flags1, flags2;
 
@@ -690,9 +841,11 @@ static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const cha
 		die(_("Need exactly one range."));
 
 	o1 = rev->pending.objects[0].item;
-	flags1 = o1->flags;
 	o2 = rev->pending.objects[1].item;
+	flags1 = o1->flags;
 	flags2 = o2->flags;
+	c1 = lookup_commit_reference(o1->oid.hash);
+	c2 = lookup_commit_reference(o2->oid.hash);
 
 	if ((flags1 & UNINTERESTING) == (flags2 & UNINTERESTING))
 		die(_("Not a range."));
@@ -700,7 +853,8 @@ static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const cha
 	init_patch_ids(ids);
 
 	/* given a range a..b get all patch ids for b..a */
-	init_revisions(&check_rev, prefix);
+	init_revisions(&check_rev, rev->prefix);
+	check_rev.max_parents = 1;
 	o1->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	o2->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	add_pending_object(&check_rev, o1, "o1");
@@ -709,40 +863,34 @@ static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const cha
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&check_rev)) != NULL) {
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
-			continue;
-
 		add_commit_patch_id(commit, ids);
 	}
 
 	/* reset for next revision walk */
-	clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o1,
-			SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
-	clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o2,
-			SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
+	clear_commit_marks(c1, SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
+	clear_commit_marks(c2, SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
 	o1->flags = flags1;
 	o2->flags = flags2;
 }
 
 static void gen_message_id(struct rev_info *info, char *base)
 {
-	const char *committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME);
-	const char *email_start = strrchr(committer, '<');
-	const char *email_end = strrchr(committer, '>');
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	if (!email_start || !email_end || email_start > email_end - 1)
-		die(_("Could not extract email from committer identity."));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.%lu.git.%.*s", base,
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.%lu.git.%s", base,
 		    (unsigned long) time(NULL),
-		    (int)(email_end - email_start - 1), email_start + 1);
+		    git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_NAME|IDENT_NO_DATE|IDENT_STRICT));
 	info->message_id = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
 static void print_signature(void)
 {
-	if (signature && *signature)
-		printf("-- \n%s\n\n", signature);
+	if (!signature || !*signature)
+		return;
+
+	printf("-- \n%s", signature);
+	if (signature[strlen(signature)-1] != '\n')
+		putchar('\n');
+	putchar('\n');
 }
 
 static void add_branch_description(struct strbuf *buf, const char *branch_name)
@@ -753,15 +901,43 @@ static void add_branch_description(struct strbuf *buf, const char *branch_name)
 	read_branch_desc(&desc, branch_name);
 	if (desc.len) {
 		strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
-		strbuf_add(buf, desc.buf, desc.len);
+		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &desc);
 		strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&desc);
+}
+
+static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int i, positive = -1;
+	struct object_id branch_oid;
+	const struct object_id *tip_oid;
+	const char *ref, *v;
+	char *full_ref, *branch = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		if (positive < 0)
+			positive = i;
+		else
+			return NULL;
+	}
+	if (positive < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	ref = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name;
+	tip_oid = &rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->oid;
+	if (dwim_ref(ref, strlen(ref), branch_oid.hash, &full_ref) &&
+	    skip_prefix(full_ref, "refs/heads/", &v) &&
+	    !oidcmp(tip_oid, &branch_oid))
+		branch = xstrdup(v);
+	free(full_ref);
+	return branch;
 }
 
 static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
-			      int numbered, int numbered_files,
 			      struct commit *origin,
-			      int nr, struct commit **list, struct commit *head,
+			      int nr, struct commit **list,
 			      const char *branch_name,
 			      int quiet)
 {
@@ -774,49 +950,34 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
 	const char *encoding = "UTF-8";
 	struct diff_options opts;
 	int need_8bit_cte = 0;
-	struct commit *commit = NULL;
 	struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};
+	struct commit *head = list[0];
 
-	if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
+	if (!cmit_fmt_is_mail(rev->commit_format))
 		die(_("Cover letter needs email format"));
 
 	committer = git_committer_info(0);
 
-	if (!numbered_files) {
-		/*
-		 * We fake a commit for the cover letter so we get the filename
-		 * desired.
-		 */
-		commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit));
-		commit->buffer = xmalloc(400);
-		snprintf(commit->buffer, 400,
-			"tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n"
-			"parent %s\n"
-			"author %s\n"
-			"committer %s\n\n"
-			"cover letter\n",
-			sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1), committer, committer);
-	}
-
-	if (!use_stdout && reopen_stdout(commit, rev, quiet))
+	if (!use_stdout &&
+	    reopen_stdout(NULL, rev->numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
 		return;
 
-	if (commit) {
-
-		free(commit->buffer);
-		free(commit);
-	}
-
 	log_write_email_headers(rev, head, &pp.subject, &pp.after_subject,
 				&need_8bit_cte);
 
-	for (i = 0; !need_8bit_cte && i < nr; i++)
-		if (has_non_ascii(list[i]->buffer))
+	for (i = 0; !need_8bit_cte && i < nr; i++) {
+		const char *buf = get_commit_buffer(list[i], NULL);
+		if (has_non_ascii(buf))
 			need_8bit_cte = 1;
+		unuse_commit_buffer(list[i], buf);
+	}
+
+	if (!branch_name)
+		branch_name = find_branch_name(rev);
 
 	msg = body;
 	pp.fmt = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
-	pp.date_mode = DATE_RFC2822;
+	pp.date_mode.type = DATE_RFC2822;
 	pp_user_info(&pp, NULL, &sb, committer, encoding);
 	pp_title_line(&pp, &msg, &sb, encoding, need_8bit_cte);
 	pp_remainder(&pp, &msg, &sb, 0);
@@ -846,8 +1007,8 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
 
 	diff_setup_done(&opts);
 
-	diff_tree_sha1(origin->tree->object.sha1,
-		       head->tree->object.sha1,
+	diff_tree_sha1(origin->tree->object.oid.hash,
+		       head->tree->object.oid.hash,
 		       "", &opts);
 	diffcore_std(&opts);
 	diff_flush(&opts);
@@ -900,7 +1061,7 @@ static const char *set_outdir(const char *prefix, const char *output_directory)
 }
 
 static const char * const builtin_format_patch_usage[] = {
-	"git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]",
+	N_("git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -1020,33 +1181,168 @@ static int cc_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+static int from_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	int i, positive = -1;
-	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *branch;
+	char **from = opt->value;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
+	free(*from);
+
+	if (unset)
+		*from = NULL;
+	else if (arg)
+		*from = xstrdup(arg);
+	else
+		*from = xstrdup(git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct base_tree_info {
+	struct object_id base_commit;
+	int nr_patch_id, alloc_patch_id;
+	struct object_id *patch_id;
+};
+
+static struct commit *get_base_commit(const char *base_commit,
+				      struct commit **list,
+				      int total)
+{
+	struct commit *base = NULL;
+	struct commit **rev;
+	int i = 0, rev_nr = 0;
+
+	if (base_commit && strcmp(base_commit, "auto")) {
+		base = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(base_commit);
+		if (!base)
+			die(_("Unknown commit %s"), base_commit);
+	} else if ((base_commit && !strcmp(base_commit, "auto")) || base_auto) {
+		struct branch *curr_branch = branch_get(NULL);
+		const char *upstream = branch_get_upstream(curr_branch, NULL);
+		if (upstream) {
+			struct commit_list *base_list;
+			struct commit *commit;
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			if (get_sha1(upstream, sha1))
+				die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), upstream);
+			commit = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "upstream base");
+			base_list = get_merge_bases_many(commit, total, list);
+			/* There should be one and only one merge base. */
+			if (!base_list || base_list->next)
+				die(_("Could not find exact merge base."));
+			base = base_list->item;
+			free_commit_list(base_list);
+		} else {
+			die(_("Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+			      "please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+			      "Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."));
+		}
+	}
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(rev, total);
+	for (i = 0; i < total; i++)
+		rev[i] = list[i];
+
+	rev_nr = total;
+	/*
+	 * Get merge base through pair-wise computations
+	 * and store it in rev[0].
+	 */
+	while (rev_nr > 1) {
+		for (i = 0; i < rev_nr / 2; i++) {
+			struct commit_list *merge_base;
+			merge_base = get_merge_bases(rev[2 * i], rev[2 * i + 1]);
+			if (!merge_base || merge_base->next)
+				die(_("Failed to find exact merge base"));
+
+			rev[i] = merge_base->item;
+		}
+
+		if (rev_nr % 2)
+			rev[i] = rev[2 * i];
+		rev_nr = (rev_nr + 1) / 2;
+	}
+
+	if (!in_merge_bases(base, rev[0]))
+		die(_("base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < total; i++) {
+		if (base == list[i])
+			die(_("base commit shouldn't be in revision list"));
+	}
+
+	free(rev);
+	return base;
+}
+
+static void prepare_bases(struct base_tree_info *bases,
+			  struct commit *base,
+			  struct commit **list,
+			  int total)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct diff_options diffopt;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!base)
+		return;
+
+	diff_setup(&diffopt);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	diff_setup_done(&diffopt);
+
+	oidcpy(&bases->base_commit, &base->object.oid);
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	revs.max_parents = 1;
+	revs.topo_order = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < total; i++) {
+		list[i]->object.flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
+		add_pending_object(&revs, &list[i]->object, "rev_list");
+		list[i]->util = (void *)1;
+	}
+	base->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	add_pending_object(&revs, &base->object, "base");
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
+	/*
+	 * Traverse the commits list, get prerequisite patch ids
+	 * and stuff them in bases structure.
+	 */
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_id *patch_id;
+		if (commit->util)
 			continue;
-		if (positive < 0)
-			positive = i;
-		else
-			return NULL;
+		if (commit_patch_id(commit, &diffopt, sha1))
+			die(_("cannot get patch id"));
+		ALLOC_GROW(bases->patch_id, bases->nr_patch_id + 1, bases->alloc_patch_id);
+		patch_id = bases->patch_id + bases->nr_patch_id;
+		hashcpy(patch_id->hash, sha1);
+		bases->nr_patch_id++;
 	}
-	if (positive < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/heads/%s", rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	branch = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, branch_sha1, 1, NULL);
-	if (!branch ||
-	    prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/") ||
-	    hashcmp(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1, branch_sha1))
-		branch = NULL;
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (branch)
-		return xstrdup(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void print_bases(struct base_tree_info *bases)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* Only do this once, either for the cover or for the first one */
+	if (is_null_oid(&bases->base_commit))
+		return;
+
+	/* Show the base commit */
+	printf("base-commit: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&bases->base_commit));
+
+	/* Show the prerequisite patches */
+	for (i = bases->nr_patch_id - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		printf("prerequisite-patch-id: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&bases->patch_id[i]));
+
+	free(bases->patch_id);
+	bases->nr_patch_id = 0;
+	bases->alloc_patch_id = 0;
+	oidclr(&bases->base_commit);
 }
 
 int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -1058,85 +1354,102 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int nr = 0, total, i;
 	int use_stdout = 0;
 	int start_number = -1;
-	int numbered_files = 0;		/* _just_ numbers */
+	int just_numbers = 0;
 	int ignore_if_in_upstream = 0;
-	int cover_letter = 0;
+	int cover_letter = -1;
 	int boundary_count = 0;
 	int no_binary_diff = 0;
-	struct commit *origin = NULL, *head = NULL;
+	int zero_commit = 0;
+	struct commit *origin = NULL;
 	const char *in_reply_to = NULL;
 	struct patch_ids ids;
-	char *add_signoff = NULL;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int use_patch_format = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
+	int reroll_count = -1;
 	char *branch_name = NULL;
+	char *from = NULL;
+	char *base_commit = NULL;
+	struct base_tree_info bases;
+
 	const struct option builtin_format_patch_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', "numbered", &numbered, NULL,
-			    "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch",
+			    N_("use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, numbered_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
-			    "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches",
+			    N_("use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, no_numbered_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
-			    "print patches to standard out"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
-			    "generate a cover letter"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numbered-files", &numbered_files,
-			    "use simple number sequence for output file names"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, "sfx",
-			    "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
+			    N_("print patches to standard out")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
+			    N_("generate a cover letter")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numbered-files", &just_numbers,
+			    N_("use simple number sequence for output file names")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, N_("sfx"),
+			    N_("use <sfx> instead of '.patch'")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-number", &start_number,
-			    "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, "prefix",
-			    "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]",
+			    N_("start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('v', "reroll-count", &reroll_count,
+			    N_("mark the series as Nth re-roll")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, N_("prefix"),
+			    N_("Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, subject_prefix_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'o', "output-directory", &output_directory,
-			    "dir", "store resulting files in <dir>",
+			    N_("dir"), N_("store resulting files in <dir>"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, output_directory_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'k', "keep-subject", &rev, NULL,
-			    "don't strip/add [PATCH]",
+			    N_("don't strip/add [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, keep_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
-			    "don't output binary diffs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
-			    "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
-		  "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)",
-		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
-		OPT_GROUP("Messaging"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, "header",
-			    "add email header", 0, header_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "to", NULL, "email", "add To: header",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
+			 N_("don't output binary diffs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "zero-commit", &zero_commit,
+			 N_("output all-zero hash in From header")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
+			 N_("don't include a patch matching a commit upstream")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
+		  N_("show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1},
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Messaging")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, N_("header"),
+			    N_("add email header"), 0, header_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "to", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add To: header"),
 			    0, to_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, "email", "add Cc: header",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add Cc: header"),
 			    0, cc_callback },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, "message-id",
-			    "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, "boundary",
-			    "attach the patch", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "from", &from, N_("ident"),
+			    N_("set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"),
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, from_callback },
+		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, N_("message-id"),
+			    N_("make first mail a reply to <message-id>")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, N_("boundary"),
+			    N_("attach the patch"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
 			    attach_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "inline", &rev, "boundary",
-			    "inline the patch",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "inline", &rev, N_("boundary"),
+			    N_("inline the patch"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			    inline_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "thread", &thread, "style",
-			    "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "thread", &thread, N_("style"),
+			    N_("enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, thread_callback },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, "signature",
-			    "add a signature"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet,
-			    "don't print the patch filenames"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, N_("signature"),
+			    N_("add a signature")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "base", &base_commit, N_("base-commit"),
+			   N_("add prerequisite tree info to the patch series")),
+		OPT_FILENAME(0, "signature-file", &signature_file,
+				N_("add a signature from a file")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("don't print the patch filenames")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	extra_hdr.strdup_strings = 1;
 	extra_to.strdup_strings = 1;
 	extra_cc.strdup_strings = 1;
+	init_log_defaults();
 	git_config(git_format_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
+	rev.expand_tabs_in_log_default = 0;
 	rev.verbose_header = 1;
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.max_parents = 1;
@@ -1144,6 +1457,7 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	rev.subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
 	memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
 	s_r_opt.def = "HEAD";
+	s_r_opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
 
 	if (default_attach) {
 		rev.mime_boundary = default_attach;
@@ -1160,14 +1474,12 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	if (do_signoff) {
-		const char *committer;
-		const char *endpos;
-		committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
-		endpos = strchr(committer, '>');
-		if (!endpos)
-			die(_("bogus committer info %s"), committer);
-		add_signoff = xmemdupz(committer, endpos - committer + 1);
+	if (0 < reroll_count) {
+		struct strbuf sprefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&sprefix, "%s v%d",
+			    rev.subject_prefix, reroll_count);
+		rev.reroll_count = reroll_count;
+		rev.subject_prefix = strbuf_detach(&sprefix, NULL);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < extra_hdr.nr; i++) {
@@ -1199,6 +1511,11 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	rev.extra_headers = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
+	if (from) {
+		if (split_ident_line(&rev.from_ident, from, strlen(from)))
+			die(_("invalid ident line: %s"), from);
+	}
+
 	if (start_number < 0)
 		start_number = 1;
 
@@ -1235,12 +1552,17 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	/* Always generate a patch */
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 
+	rev.zero_commit = zero_commit;
+
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev.diffopt, TEXT) && !no_binary_diff)
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, BINARY);
 
 	if (rev.show_notes)
 		init_display_notes(&rev.notes_opt);
 
+	if (!output_directory && !use_stdout)
+		output_directory = config_output_directory;
+
 	if (!use_stdout)
 		output_directory = set_outdir(prefix, output_directory);
 	else
@@ -1255,28 +1577,37 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (rev.pending.nr == 1) {
+		int check_head = 0;
+
 		if (rev.max_count < 0 && !rev.show_root_diff) {
 			/*
 			 * This is traditional behaviour of "git format-patch
 			 * origin" that prepares what the origin side still
 			 * does not have.
 			 */
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			const char *ref;
-
 			rev.pending.objects[0].item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 			add_head_to_pending(&rev);
-			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
-			if (ref && !prefixcmp(ref, "refs/heads/"))
-				branch_name = xstrdup(ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
-			else
-				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+			check_head = 1;
 		}
 		/*
 		 * Otherwise, it is "format-patch -22 HEAD", and/or
 		 * "format-patch --root HEAD".  The user wants
 		 * get_revision() to do the usual traversal.
 		 */
+
+		if (!strcmp(rev.pending.objects[0].name, "HEAD"))
+			check_head = 1;
+
+		if (check_head) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			const char *ref, *v;
+			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						 sha1, NULL);
+			if (ref && skip_prefix(ref, "refs/heads/", &v))
+				branch_name = xstrdup(v);
+			else
+				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1285,37 +1616,14 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 */
 	rev.show_root_diff = 1;
 
-	if (cover_letter) {
-		/*
-		 * NEEDSWORK:randomly pick one positive commit to show
-		 * diffstat; this is often the tip and the command
-		 * happens to do the right thing in most cases, but a
-		 * complex command like "--cover-letter a b c ^bottom"
-		 * picks "c" and shows diffstat between bottom..c
-		 * which may not match what the series represents at
-		 * all and totally broken.
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-			struct object *o = rev.pending.objects[i].item;
-			if (!(o->flags & UNINTERESTING))
-				head = (struct commit *)o;
-		}
-		/* There is nothing to show; it is not an error, though. */
-		if (!head)
-			return 0;
-		if (!branch_name)
-			branch_name = find_branch_name(&rev);
-	}
-
 	if (ignore_if_in_upstream) {
 		/* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
 		if (rev.pending.nr == 2) {
 			struct object_array_entry *o = rev.pending.objects;
-			if (hashcmp(o[0].item->sha1, o[1].item->sha1) == 0)
+			if (oidcmp(&o[0].item->oid, &o[1].item->oid) == 0)
 				return 0;
 		}
-		get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids, prefix);
+		get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids);
 	}
 
 	if (!use_stdout)
@@ -1331,36 +1639,65 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (ignore_if_in_upstream &&
-				has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
+		if (ignore_if_in_upstream && has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
 			continue;
 
 		nr++;
-		list = xrealloc(list, nr * sizeof(list[0]));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(list, nr);
 		list[nr - 1] = commit;
 	}
+	if (nr == 0)
+		/* nothing to do */
+		return 0;
 	total = nr;
 	if (!keep_subject && auto_number && total > 1)
 		numbered = 1;
 	if (numbered)
 		rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
+	if (cover_letter == -1) {
+		if (config_cover_letter == COVER_AUTO)
+			cover_letter = (total > 1);
+		else
+			cover_letter = (config_cover_letter == COVER_ON);
+	}
+
+	if (!signature) {
+		; /* --no-signature inhibits all signatures */
+	} else if (signature && signature != git_version_string) {
+		; /* non-default signature already set */
+	} else if (signature_file) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, signature_file, 128) < 0)
+			die_errno(_("unable to read signature file '%s'"), signature_file);
+		signature = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	}
+
+	memset(&bases, 0, sizeof(bases));
+	if (base_commit || base_auto) {
+		struct commit *base = get_base_commit(base_commit, list, nr);
+		reset_revision_walk();
+		prepare_bases(&bases, base, list, nr);
+	}
+
 	if (in_reply_to || thread || cover_letter)
 		rev.ref_message_ids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 	if (in_reply_to) {
 		const char *msgid = clean_message_id(in_reply_to);
 		string_list_append(rev.ref_message_ids, msgid);
 	}
-	rev.numbered_files = numbered_files;
+	rev.numbered_files = just_numbers;
 	rev.patch_suffix = fmt_patch_suffix;
 	if (cover_letter) {
 		if (thread)
 			gen_message_id(&rev, "cover");
-		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout, numbered, numbered_files,
-				  origin, nr, list, head, branch_name, quiet);
+		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout,
+				  origin, nr, list, branch_name, quiet);
+		print_bases(&bases);
 		total++;
 		start_number--;
 	}
-	rev.add_signoff = add_signoff;
+	rev.add_signoff = do_signoff;
 	while (0 <= --nr) {
 		int shown;
 		commit = list[nr];
@@ -1398,15 +1735,14 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					string_list_append(rev.ref_message_ids,
 							   rev.message_id);
 			}
-			gen_message_id(&rev, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			gen_message_id(&rev, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 		}
 
-		if (!use_stdout && reopen_stdout(numbered_files ? NULL : commit,
-						 &rev, quiet))
+		if (!use_stdout &&
+		    reopen_stdout(rev.numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
 			die(_("Failed to create output files"));
 		shown = log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
-		free(commit->buffer);
-		commit->buffer = NULL;
+		free_commit_buffer(commit);
 
 		/* We put one extra blank line between formatted
 		 * patches and this flag is used by log-tree code
@@ -1423,6 +1759,7 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				       rev.mime_boundary);
 			else
 				print_signature();
+			print_bases(&bases);
 		}
 		if (!use_stdout)
 			fclose(stdout);
@@ -1452,7 +1789,7 @@ static int add_pending_commit(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags)
 }
 
 static const char * const cherry_usage[] = {
-	"git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]",
+	N_("git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -1461,12 +1798,12 @@ static void print_commit(char sign, struct commit *commit, int verbose,
 {
 	if (!verbose) {
 		printf("%c %s\n", sign,
-		       find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, abbrev));
+		       find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, abbrev));
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &buf);
 		printf("%c %s %s\n", sign,
-		       find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, abbrev),
+		       find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, abbrev),
 		       buf.buf);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
@@ -1486,7 +1823,7 @@ int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1504,23 +1841,17 @@ int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		break;
 	default:
 		current_branch = branch_get(NULL);
-		if (!current_branch || !current_branch->merge
-					|| !current_branch->merge[0]
-					|| !current_branch->merge[0]->dst) {
+		upstream = branch_get_upstream(current_branch, NULL);
+		if (!upstream) {
 			fprintf(stderr, _("Could not find a tracked"
 					" remote branch, please"
 					" specify <upstream> manually.\n"));
 			usage_with_options(cherry_usage, options);
 		}
-
-		upstream = current_branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	}
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
-	revs.diff = 1;
-	revs.combine_merges = 0;
-	revs.ignore_merges = 1;
-	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	revs.max_parents = 1;
 
 	if (add_pending_commit(head, &revs, 0))
 		die(_("Unknown commit %s"), head);
@@ -1530,11 +1861,11 @@ int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	/* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
 	if (revs.pending.nr == 2) {
 		struct object_array_entry *o = revs.pending.objects;
-		if (hashcmp(o[0].item->sha1, o[1].item->sha1) == 0)
+		if (oidcmp(&o[0].item->oid, &o[1].item->oid) == 0)
 			return 0;
 	}
 
-	get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids, prefix);
+	get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids);
 
 	if (limit && add_pending_commit(limit, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
 		die(_("Unknown commit %s"), limit);
@@ -1543,10 +1874,6 @@ int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
-			continue;
-
 		commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index 7cff175745..f02e3d23bb 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int abbrev;
 static int show_deleted;
@@ -26,15 +27,17 @@ static int show_killed;
 static int show_valid_bit;
 static int line_terminator = '\n';
 static int debug_mode;
+static int show_eol;
 
 static const char *prefix;
 static int max_prefix_len;
 static int prefix_len;
-static const char **pathspec;
+static struct pathspec pathspec;
 static int error_unmatch;
 static char *ps_matched;
 static const char *with_tree;
 static int exc_given;
+static int exclude_args;
 
 static const char *tag_cached = "";
 static const char *tag_unmerged = "";
@@ -45,10 +48,31 @@ static const char *tag_modified = "";
 static const char *tag_skip_worktree = "";
 static const char *tag_resolve_undo = "";
 
-static void write_name(const char* name, size_t len)
+static void write_eolinfo(const struct cache_entry *ce, const char *path)
 {
-	write_name_quoted_relative(name, len, prefix, prefix_len, stdout,
-			line_terminator);
+	if (!show_eol)
+		return;
+	else {
+		struct stat st;
+		const char *i_txt = "";
+		const char *w_txt = "";
+		const char *a_txt = get_convert_attr_ascii(path);
+		if (ce && S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
+			i_txt = get_cached_convert_stats_ascii(ce->name);
+		if (!lstat(path, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+			w_txt = get_wt_convert_stats_ascii(path);
+		printf("i/%-5s w/%-5s attr/%-17s\t", i_txt, w_txt, a_txt);
+	}
+}
+
+static void write_name(const char *name)
+{
+	/*
+	 * With "--full-name", prefix_len=0; this caller needs to pass
+	 * an empty string in that case (a NULL is good for "").
+	 */
+	write_name_quoted_relative(name, prefix_len ? prefix : NULL,
+				   stdout, line_terminator);
 }
 
 static void show_dir_entry(const char *tag, struct dir_entry *ent)
@@ -58,11 +82,12 @@ static void show_dir_entry(const char *tag, struct dir_entry *ent)
 	if (len >= ent->len)
 		die("git ls-files: internal error - directory entry not superset of prefix");
 
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, len, ps_matched))
+	if (!dir_path_match(ent, &pathspec, len, ps_matched))
 		return;
 
 	fputs(tag, stdout);
-	write_name(ent->name, ent->len);
+	write_eolinfo(NULL, ent->name);
+	write_name(ent->name);
 }
 
 static void show_other_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
@@ -126,14 +151,16 @@ static void show_killed_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 	}
 }
 
-static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	int len = max_prefix_len;
 
 	if (len >= ce_namelen(ce))
 		die("git ls-files: internal error - cache entry not superset of prefix");
 
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), len, ps_matched))
+	if (!match_pathspec(&pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+			    len, ps_matched,
+			    S_ISDIR(ce->ce_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)))
 		return;
 
 	if (tag && *tag && show_valid_bit &&
@@ -162,13 +189,16 @@ static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
 		       find_unique_abbrev(ce->sha1,abbrev),
 		       ce_stage(ce));
 	}
-	write_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+	write_eolinfo(ce, ce->name);
+	write_name(ce->name);
 	if (debug_mode) {
-		printf("  ctime: %d:%d\n", ce->ce_ctime.sec, ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
-		printf("  mtime: %d:%d\n", ce->ce_mtime.sec, ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
-		printf("  dev: %d\tino: %d\n", ce->ce_dev, ce->ce_ino);
-		printf("  uid: %d\tgid: %d\n", ce->ce_uid, ce->ce_gid);
-		printf("  size: %d\tflags: %x\n", ce->ce_size, ce->ce_flags);
+		const struct stat_data *sd = &ce->ce_stat_data;
+
+		printf("  ctime: %d:%d\n", sd->sd_ctime.sec, sd->sd_ctime.nsec);
+		printf("  mtime: %d:%d\n", sd->sd_mtime.sec, sd->sd_mtime.nsec);
+		printf("  dev: %d\tino: %d\n", sd->sd_dev, sd->sd_ino);
+		printf("  uid: %d\tgid: %d\n", sd->sd_uid, sd->sd_gid);
+		printf("  size: %d\tflags: %x\n", sd->sd_size, ce->ce_flags);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -187,7 +217,8 @@ static void show_ru_info(void)
 		len = strlen(path);
 		if (len < max_prefix_len)
 			continue; /* outside of the prefix */
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, path, len, max_prefix_len, ps_matched))
+		if (!match_pathspec(&pathspec, path, len,
+				    max_prefix_len, ps_matched, 0))
 			continue; /* uninterested */
 		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 			if (!ui->mode[i])
@@ -195,29 +226,36 @@ static void show_ru_info(void)
 			printf("%s%06o %s %d\t", tag_resolve_undo, ui->mode[i],
 			       find_unique_abbrev(ui->sha1[i], abbrev),
 			       i + 1);
-			write_name(path, len);
+			write_name(path);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+static int ce_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
+	return is_excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype);
+}
+
 static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	/* For cached/deleted files we don't need to even do the readdir */
 	if (show_others || show_killed) {
-		fill_directory(dir, pathspec);
+		if (!show_others)
+			dir->flags |= DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY;
+		fill_directory(dir, &pathspec);
 		if (show_others)
 			show_other_files(dir);
 		if (show_killed)
 			show_killed_files(dir);
 	}
-	if (show_cached | show_stage) {
+	if (show_cached || show_stage) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-			int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED &&
-			    !excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (show_unmerged && !ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
@@ -227,14 +265,13 @@ static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 				(ce_skip_worktree(ce) ? tag_skip_worktree : tag_cached), ce);
 		}
 	}
-	if (show_deleted | show_modified) {
+	if (show_deleted || show_modified) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			struct stat st;
 			int err;
-			int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED &&
-			    !excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 				continue;
@@ -266,7 +303,7 @@ static void prune_cache(const char *prefix)
 	last = active_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
 		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
 		if (!strncmp(ce->name, prefix, max_prefix_len)) {
 			first = next+1;
 			continue;
@@ -276,21 +313,6 @@ static void prune_cache(const char *prefix)
 	active_nr = last;
 }
 
-static void strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules(void)
-{
-	const char **p;
-
-	for (p = pathspec; *p != NULL; p++) {
-		int len = strlen(*p), pos;
-
-		if (len < 1 || (*p)[len - 1] != '/')
-			continue;
-		pos = cache_name_pos(*p, len - 1);
-		if (pos >= 0 && S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode))
-			*p = xstrndup(*p, len - 1);
-	}
-}
-
 /*
  * Read the tree specified with --with-tree option
  * (typically, HEAD) into stage #1 and then
@@ -322,13 +344,12 @@ void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (prefix) {
-		static const char *(matchbuf[2]);
-		matchbuf[0] = prefix;
-		matchbuf[1] = NULL;
-		init_pathspec(&pathspec, matchbuf);
-		pathspec.items[0].use_wildcard = 0;
+		static const char *(matchbuf[1]);
+		matchbuf[0] = NULL;
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC,
+			       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD, prefix, matchbuf);
 	} else
-		init_pathspec(&pathspec, NULL);
+		memset(&pathspec, 0, sizeof(pathspec));
 	if (read_tree(tree, 1, &pathspec))
 		die("unable to read tree entries %s", tree_name);
 
@@ -353,66 +374,18 @@ void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix)
 	}
 }
 
-int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char *prefix)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Make sure all pathspec matched; otherwise it is an error.
-	 */
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *name;
-	int num, errors = 0;
-	for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++) {
-		int other, found_dup;
-
-		if (ps_matched[num])
-			continue;
-		/*
-		 * The caller might have fed identical pathspec
-		 * twice.  Do not barf on such a mistake.
-		 */
-		for (found_dup = other = 0;
-		     !found_dup && pathspec[other];
-		     other++) {
-			if (other == num || !ps_matched[other])
-				continue;
-			if (!strcmp(pathspec[other], pathspec[num]))
-				/*
-				 * Ok, we have a match already.
-				 */
-				found_dup = 1;
-		}
-		if (found_dup)
-			continue;
-
-		name = quote_path_relative(pathspec[num], -1, &sb, prefix);
-		error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git.",
-		      name);
-		errors++;
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&sb);
-	return errors;
-}
-
 static const char * const ls_files_usage[] = {
-	"git ls-files [options] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
-			  const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	line_terminator = unset ? '\n' : '\0';
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct exclude_list *list = opt->value;
+	struct string_list *exclude_list = opt->value;
 
 	exc_given = 1;
-	add_exclude(arg, "", 0, list);
+	string_list_append(exclude_list, arg);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -441,62 +414,65 @@ static int option_parse_exclude_standard(const struct option *opt,
 
 int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 {
-	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0;
+	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0, i;
 	const char *max_prefix;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct option builtin_ls_files_options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-			"paths are separated with NUL character",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('t', NULL, &show_tag,
-			"identify the file status with tags"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
-			"use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "cached", &show_cached,
-			"show cached files in the output (default)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
-			"show deleted files in the output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "modified", &show_modified,
-			"show modified files in the output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "others", &show_others,
-			"show other files in the output"),
+		/* Think twice before adding "--nul" synonym to this */
+		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_terminator,
+			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"), '\0'),
+		OPT_BOOL('t', NULL, &show_tag,
+			N_("identify the file status with tags")),
+		OPT_BOOL('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
+			N_("use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "cached", &show_cached,
+			N_("show cached files in the output (default)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
+			N_("show deleted files in the output")),
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "modified", &show_modified,
+			N_("show modified files in the output")),
+		OPT_BOOL('o', "others", &show_others,
+			N_("show other files in the output")),
 		OPT_BIT('i', "ignored", &dir.flags,
-			"show ignored files in the output",
+			N_("show ignored files in the output"),
 			DIR_SHOW_IGNORED),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "stage", &show_stage,
-			"show staged contents' object name in the output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "killed", &show_killed,
-			"show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "stage", &show_stage,
+			N_("show staged contents' object name in the output")),
+		OPT_BOOL('k', "killed", &show_killed,
+			N_("show files on the filesystem that need to be removed")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "directory", &dir.flags,
-			"show 'other' directories' name only",
+			N_("show 'other' directories' names only"),
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "eol", &show_eol, N_("show line endings of files")),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "empty-directory", &dir.flags,
-			"don't show empty directories",
+			N_("don't show empty directories"),
 			DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
-			"show unmerged files in the output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
-			    "show resolve-undo information"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL], "pattern",
-			"skip files matching pattern",
+		OPT_BOOL('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
+			N_("show unmerged files in the output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
+			    N_("show resolve-undo information")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
+			N_("skip files matching pattern"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, "file",
-			"exclude patterns are read from <file>",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, N_("file"),
+			N_("exclude patterns are read from <file>"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude_from },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exclude-per-directory", &dir.exclude_per_dir, "file",
-			"read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exclude-per-directory", &dir.exclude_per_dir, N_("file"),
+			N_("read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-standard", &dir, NULL,
-			"add the standard git exclusions",
+			N_("add the standard git exclusions"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_exclude_standard },
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "full-name", &prefix_len, NULL,
-			"make the output relative to the project top directory",
+			N_("make the output relative to the project top directory"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
-			"if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, "tree-ish",
-			"pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
+			N_("if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, N_("tree-ish"),
+			N_("pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug", &debug_mode, "show debugging data"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug", &debug_mode, N_("show debugging data")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -514,6 +490,10 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_ls_files_options,
 			ls_files_usage, 0);
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
+	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++) {
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, --exclude_args);
+	}
 	if (show_tag || show_valid_bit) {
 		tag_cached = "H ";
 		tag_unmerged = "M ";
@@ -538,30 +518,25 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 	if (require_work_tree && !is_inside_work_tree())
 		setup_work_tree();
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	/* be nice with submodule paths ending in a slash */
-	if (pathspec)
-		strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules();
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	/* Find common prefix for all pathspec's */
-	max_prefix = common_prefix(pathspec);
+	max_prefix = common_prefix(&pathspec);
 	max_prefix_len = max_prefix ? strlen(max_prefix) : 0;
 
 	/* Treat unmatching pathspec elements as errors */
-	if (pathspec && error_unmatch) {
-		int num;
-		for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++)
-			;
-		ps_matched = xcalloc(1, num);
-	}
+	if (pathspec.nr && error_unmatch)
+		ps_matched = xcalloc(pathspec.nr, 1);
 
 	if ((dir.flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) && !exc_given)
 		die("ls-files --ignored needs some exclude pattern");
 
 	/* With no flags, we default to showing the cached files */
-	if (!(show_stage | show_deleted | show_others | show_unmerged |
-	      show_killed | show_modified | show_resolve_undo))
+	if (!(show_stage || show_deleted || show_others || show_unmerged ||
+	      show_killed || show_modified || show_resolve_undo))
 		show_cached = 1;
 
 	if (max_prefix)
@@ -581,7 +556,7 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 
 	if (ps_matched) {
 		int bad;
-		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix);
+		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, &pathspec, prefix);
 		if (bad)
 			fprintf(stderr, "Did you forget to 'git add'?\n");
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-remote.c b/builtin/ls-remote.c
index 41c88a98a2..66cdd45cc1 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-remote.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-remote.c
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 
-static const char ls_remote_usage[] =
-"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags]  [-u <exec> | --upload-pack <exec>]\n"
-"                     [-q|--quiet] [--exit-code] [<repository> [<refs>...]]";
+static const char * const ls_remote_usage[] = {
+	N_("git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+	   "                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+	   "                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"),
+	NULL
+};
 
 /*
  * Is there one among the list of patterns that match the tail part
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ static int tail_match(const char **pattern, const char *path)
 	if (snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "/%s", path) > sizeof(pathbuf))
 		return error("insanely long ref %.*s...", 20, path);
 	while ((p = *(pattern++)) != NULL) {
-		if (!fnmatch(p, pathbuf, 0))
+		if (!wildmatch(p, pathbuf, 0, NULL))
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -30,12 +33,12 @@ static int tail_match(const char **pattern, const char *path)
 
 int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i;
 	const char *dest = NULL;
 	unsigned flags = 0;
 	int get_url = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
 	int status = 0;
+	int show_symref_target = 0;
 	const char *uploadpack = NULL;
 	const char **pattern = NULL;
 
@@ -43,63 +46,36 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct transport *transport;
 	const struct ref *ref;
 
-	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("-h", argv[1]))
-		usage(ls_remote_usage);
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not print remote URL")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &uploadpack, N_("exec"),
+			   N_("path of git-upload-pack on the remote host")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "exec", &uploadpack, N_("exec"),
+			   N_("path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"),
+			   PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		OPT_BIT('t', "tags", &flags, N_("limit to tags"), REF_TAGS),
+		OPT_BIT('h', "heads", &flags, N_("limit to heads"), REF_HEADS),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "refs", &flags, N_("do not show peeled tags"), REF_NORMAL),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "get-url", &get_url,
+			 N_("take url.<base>.insteadOf into account")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exit-code", &status,
+			    N_("exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"), 2),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "symref", &show_symref_target,
+			 N_("show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
 
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *arg = argv[i];
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, ls_remote_usage,
+			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
+	dest = argv[0];
 
-		if (*arg == '-') {
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
-				uploadpack = arg + 14;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
-				uploadpack = arg + 7;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--tags", arg) || !strcmp("-t", arg)) {
-				flags |= REF_TAGS;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--heads", arg) || !strcmp("-h", arg)) {
-				flags |= REF_HEADS;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--refs", arg)) {
-				flags |= REF_NORMAL;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--quiet", arg) || !strcmp("-q", arg)) {
-				quiet = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--get-url", arg)) {
-				get_url = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--exit-code", arg)) {
-				/* return this code if no refs are reported */
-				status = 2;
-				continue;
-			}
-			usage(ls_remote_usage);
-		}
-		dest = arg;
-		i++;
-		break;
+	if (argc > 1) {
+		int i;
+		pattern = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(const char *));
+		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+			pattern[i - 1] = xstrfmt("*/%s", argv[i]);
 	}
 
-	if (argv[i]) {
-		int j;
-		pattern = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), argc - i + 1);
-		for (j = i; j < argc; j++) {
-			int len = strlen(argv[j]);
-			char *p = xmalloc(len + 3);
-			sprintf(p, "*/%s", argv[j]);
-			pattern[j - i] = p;
-		}
-	}
 	remote = remote_get(dest);
 	if (!remote) {
 		if (dest)
@@ -129,7 +105,9 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			continue;
 		if (!tail_match(pattern, ref->name))
 			continue;
-		printf("%s	%s\n", sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
+		if (show_symref_target && ref->symref)
+			printf("ref: %s\t%s\n", ref->symref, ref->name);
+		printf("%s\t%s\n", oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid), ref->name);
 		status = 0; /* we found something */
 	}
 	return status;
diff --git a/builtin/ls-tree.c b/builtin/ls-tree.c
index 6b666e1e87..0e30d86230 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-tree.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 #define LS_RECURSIVE 1
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ static int chomp_prefix;
 static const char *ls_tree_prefix;
 
 static const  char * const ls_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
+	N_("git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
 	if (ls_options & LS_RECURSIVE)
 		return 1;
 
-	s = pathspec.raw;
+	s = pathspec._raw;
 	if (!s)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -60,10 +61,11 @@ static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
 	}
 }
 
-static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
+static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
 		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
 	int retval = 0;
+	int baselen;
 	const char *type = blob_type;
 
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 		 */
 		type = commit_type;
 	} else if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
-		if (show_recursive(base, baselen, pathname)) {
+		if (show_recursive(base->buf, base->len, pathname)) {
 			retval = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
 			if (!(ls_options & LS_SHOW_TREES))
 				return retval;
@@ -88,22 +90,19 @@ static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 	else if (ls_options & LS_TREE_ONLY)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (chomp_prefix &&
-	    (baselen < chomp_prefix || memcmp(ls_tree_prefix, base, chomp_prefix)))
-		return 0;
-
 	if (!(ls_options & LS_NAME_ONLY)) {
 		if (ls_options & LS_SHOW_SIZE) {
 			char size_text[24];
 			if (!strcmp(type, blob_type)) {
 				unsigned long size;
 				if (sha1_object_info(sha1, &size) == OBJ_BAD)
-					strcpy(size_text, "BAD");
+					xsnprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text),
+						  "BAD");
 				else
-					snprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text),
-						 "%lu", size);
+					xsnprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text),
+						  "%lu", size);
 			} else
-				strcpy(size_text, "-");
+				xsnprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text), "-");
 			printf("%06o %s %s %7s\t", mode, type,
 			       find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev),
 			       size_text);
@@ -111,8 +110,12 @@ static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 			printf("%06o %s %s\t", mode, type,
 			       find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev));
 	}
-	write_name_quotedpfx(base + chomp_prefix, baselen - chomp_prefix,
-			  pathname, stdout, line_termination);
+	baselen = base->len;
+	strbuf_addstr(base, pathname);
+	write_name_quoted_relative(base->buf,
+				   chomp_prefix ? ls_tree_prefix : NULL,
+				   stdout, line_termination);
+	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -122,25 +125,25 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct tree *tree;
 	int i, full_tree = 0;
 	const struct option ls_tree_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, "only show trees",
+		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, N_("only show trees"),
 			LS_TREE_ONLY),
-		OPT_BIT('r', NULL, &ls_options, "recurse into subtrees",
+		OPT_BIT('r', NULL, &ls_options, N_("recurse into subtrees"),
 			LS_RECURSIVE),
-		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &ls_options, "show trees when recursing",
+		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &ls_options, N_("show trees when recursing"),
 			LS_SHOW_TREES),
 		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
-			    "terminate entries with NUL byte", 0),
-		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, "include object size",
+			    N_("terminate entries with NUL byte"), 0),
+		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, N_("include object size"),
 			LS_SHOW_SIZE),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, "list only filenames",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
 			LS_NAME_ONLY),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, "list only filenames",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
 			LS_NAME_ONLY),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "full-name", &chomp_prefix,
-			    "use full path names", 0),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			    "list entire tree; not just current directory "
-			    "(implies --full-name)"),
+			    N_("use full path names"), 0),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			 N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
+			    "(implies --full-name)")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -166,9 +169,18 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (get_sha1(argv[0], sha1))
 		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[0]);
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1));
+	/*
+	 * show_recursive() rolls its own matching code and is
+	 * generally ignorant of 'struct pathspec'. The magic mask
+	 * cannot be lifted until it is converted to use
+	 * match_pathspec() or tree_entry_interesting()
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+				  PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, argv + 1);
 	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++)
-		pathspec.items[i].use_wildcard = 0;
+		pathspec.items[i].nowildcard_len = pathspec.items[i].len;
 	pathspec.has_wildcard = 0;
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	if (!tree)
diff --git a/builtin/mailinfo.c b/builtin/mailinfo.c
index bfb32b7233..f6df274111 100644
--- a/builtin/mailinfo.c
+++ b/builtin/mailinfo.c
@@ -6,1052 +6,44 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
-
-static FILE *cmitmsg, *patchfile, *fin, *fout;
-
-static int keep_subject;
-static int keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject;
-static const char *metainfo_charset;
-static struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
-static struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
-static struct strbuf email = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-static enum  {
-	TE_DONTCARE, TE_QP, TE_BASE64
-} transfer_encoding;
-static enum  {
-	TYPE_TEXT, TYPE_OTHER
-} message_type;
-
-static struct strbuf charset = STRBUF_INIT;
-static int patch_lines;
-static struct strbuf **p_hdr_data, **s_hdr_data;
-static int use_scissors;
-static int use_inbody_headers = 1;
-
-#define MAX_HDR_PARSED 10
-#define MAX_BOUNDARIES 5
-
-static void cleanup_space(struct strbuf *sb);
-
-
-static void get_sane_name(struct strbuf *out, struct strbuf *name, struct strbuf *email)
-{
-	struct strbuf *src = name;
-	if (name->len < 3 || 60 < name->len || strchr(name->buf, '@') ||
-		strchr(name->buf, '<') || strchr(name->buf, '>'))
-		src = email;
-	else if (name == out)
-		return;
-	strbuf_reset(out);
-	strbuf_addbuf(out, src);
-}
-
-static void parse_bogus_from(const struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	/* John Doe <johndoe> */
-
-	char *bra, *ket;
-	/* This is fallback, so do not bother if we already have an
-	 * e-mail address.
-	 */
-	if (email.len)
-		return;
-
-	bra = strchr(line->buf, '<');
-	if (!bra)
-		return;
-	ket = strchr(bra, '>');
-	if (!ket)
-		return;
-
-	strbuf_reset(&email);
-	strbuf_add(&email, bra + 1, ket - bra - 1);
-
-	strbuf_reset(&name);
-	strbuf_add(&name, line->buf, bra - line->buf);
-	strbuf_trim(&name);
-	get_sane_name(&name, &name, &email);
-}
-
-static void handle_from(const struct strbuf *from)
-{
-	char *at;
-	size_t el;
-	struct strbuf f;
-
-	strbuf_init(&f, from->len);
-	strbuf_addbuf(&f, from);
-
-	at = strchr(f.buf, '@');
-	if (!at) {
-		parse_bogus_from(from);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * If we already have one email, don't take any confusing lines
-	 */
-	if (email.len && strchr(at + 1, '@')) {
-		strbuf_release(&f);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/* Pick up the string around '@', possibly delimited with <>
-	 * pair; that is the email part.
-	 */
-	while (at > f.buf) {
-		char c = at[-1];
-		if (isspace(c))
-			break;
-		if (c == '<') {
-			at[-1] = ' ';
-			break;
-		}
-		at--;
-	}
-	el = strcspn(at, " \n\t\r\v\f>");
-	strbuf_reset(&email);
-	strbuf_add(&email, at, el);
-	strbuf_remove(&f, at - f.buf, el + (at[el] ? 1 : 0));
-
-	/* The remainder is name.  It could be
-	 *
-	 * - "John Doe <john.doe@xz>"			(a), or
-	 * - "john.doe@xz (John Doe)"			(b), or
-	 * - "John (zzz) Doe <john.doe@xz> (Comment)"	(c)
-	 *
-	 * but we have removed the email part, so
-	 *
-	 * - remove extra spaces which could stay after email (case 'c'), and
-	 * - trim from both ends, possibly removing the () pair at the end
-	 *   (cases 'a' and 'b').
-	 */
-	cleanup_space(&f);
-	strbuf_trim(&f);
-	if (f.buf[0] == '(' && f.len && f.buf[f.len - 1] == ')') {
-		strbuf_remove(&f, 0, 1);
-		strbuf_setlen(&f, f.len - 1);
-	}
-
-	get_sane_name(&name, &f, &email);
-	strbuf_release(&f);
-}
-
-static void handle_header(struct strbuf **out, const struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	if (!*out) {
-		*out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
-		strbuf_init(*out, line->len);
-	} else
-		strbuf_reset(*out);
-
-	strbuf_addbuf(*out, line);
-}
-
-/* NOTE NOTE NOTE.  We do not claim we do full MIME.  We just attempt
- * to have enough heuristics to grok MIME encoded patches often found
- * on our mailing lists.  For example, we do not even treat header lines
- * case insensitively.
- */
-
-static int slurp_attr(const char *line, const char *name, struct strbuf *attr)
-{
-	const char *ends, *ap = strcasestr(line, name);
-	size_t sz;
-
-	if (!ap) {
-		strbuf_setlen(attr, 0);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	ap += strlen(name);
-	if (*ap == '"') {
-		ap++;
-		ends = "\"";
-	}
-	else
-		ends = "; \t";
-	sz = strcspn(ap, ends);
-	strbuf_add(attr, ap, sz);
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static struct strbuf *content[MAX_BOUNDARIES];
-
-static struct strbuf **content_top = content;
-
-static void handle_content_type(struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	struct strbuf *boundary = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
-	strbuf_init(boundary, line->len);
-
-	if (!strcasestr(line->buf, "text/"))
-		 message_type = TYPE_OTHER;
-	if (slurp_attr(line->buf, "boundary=", boundary)) {
-		strbuf_insert(boundary, 0, "--", 2);
-		if (++content_top > &content[MAX_BOUNDARIES]) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Too many boundaries to handle\n");
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		*content_top = boundary;
-		boundary = NULL;
-	}
-	slurp_attr(line->buf, "charset=", &charset);
-
-	if (boundary) {
-		strbuf_release(boundary);
-		free(boundary);
-	}
-}
-
-static void handle_content_transfer_encoding(const struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	if (strcasestr(line->buf, "base64"))
-		transfer_encoding = TE_BASE64;
-	else if (strcasestr(line->buf, "quoted-printable"))
-		transfer_encoding = TE_QP;
-	else
-		transfer_encoding = TE_DONTCARE;
-}
-
-static int is_multipart_boundary(const struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	return (((*content_top)->len <= line->len) &&
-		!memcmp(line->buf, (*content_top)->buf, (*content_top)->len));
-}
-
-static void cleanup_subject(struct strbuf *subject)
-{
-	size_t at = 0;
-
-	while (at < subject->len) {
-		char *pos;
-		size_t remove;
-
-		switch (subject->buf[at]) {
-		case 'r': case 'R':
-			if (subject->len <= at + 3)
-				break;
-			if (!memcmp(subject->buf + at + 1, "e:", 2)) {
-				strbuf_remove(subject, at, 3);
-				continue;
-			}
-			at++;
-			break;
-		case ' ': case '\t': case ':':
-			strbuf_remove(subject, at, 1);
-			continue;
-		case '[':
-			pos = strchr(subject->buf + at, ']');
-			if (!pos)
-				break;
-			remove = pos - subject->buf + at + 1;
-			if (!keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject ||
-			    (7 <= remove &&
-			     memmem(subject->buf + at, remove, "PATCH", 5)))
-				strbuf_remove(subject, at, remove);
-			else
-				at += remove;
-			continue;
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-	strbuf_trim(subject);
-}
-
-static void cleanup_space(struct strbuf *sb)
-{
-	size_t pos, cnt;
-	for (pos = 0; pos < sb->len; pos++) {
-		if (isspace(sb->buf[pos])) {
-			sb->buf[pos] = ' ';
-			for (cnt = 0; isspace(sb->buf[pos + cnt + 1]); cnt++);
-			strbuf_remove(sb, pos + 1, cnt);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static void decode_header(struct strbuf *line);
-static const char *header[MAX_HDR_PARSED] = {
-	"From","Subject","Date",
-};
-
-static inline int cmp_header(const struct strbuf *line, const char *hdr)
-{
-	int len = strlen(hdr);
-	return !strncasecmp(line->buf, hdr, len) && line->len > len &&
-			line->buf[len] == ':' && isspace(line->buf[len + 1]);
-}
-
-static int check_header(const struct strbuf *line,
-				struct strbuf *hdr_data[], int overwrite)
-{
-	int i, ret = 0, len;
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	/* search for the interesting parts */
-	for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
-		int len = strlen(header[i]);
-		if ((!hdr_data[i] || overwrite) && cmp_header(line, header[i])) {
-			/* Unwrap inline B and Q encoding, and optionally
-			 * normalize the meta information to utf8.
-			 */
-			strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len + 2, line->len - len - 2);
-			decode_header(&sb);
-			handle_header(&hdr_data[i], &sb);
-			ret = 1;
-			goto check_header_out;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Content stuff */
-	if (cmp_header(line, "Content-Type")) {
-		len = strlen("Content-Type: ");
-		strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len, line->len - len);
-		decode_header(&sb);
-		strbuf_insert(&sb, 0, "Content-Type: ", len);
-		handle_content_type(&sb);
-		ret = 1;
-		goto check_header_out;
-	}
-	if (cmp_header(line, "Content-Transfer-Encoding")) {
-		len = strlen("Content-Transfer-Encoding: ");
-		strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len, line->len - len);
-		decode_header(&sb);
-		handle_content_transfer_encoding(&sb);
-		ret = 1;
-		goto check_header_out;
-	}
-
-	/* for inbody stuff */
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, ">From") && isspace(line->buf[5])) {
-		ret = 1; /* Should this return 0? */
-		goto check_header_out;
-	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "[PATCH]") && isspace(line->buf[7])) {
-		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
-			if (!memcmp("Subject", header[i], 7)) {
-				handle_header(&hdr_data[i], line);
-				ret = 1;
-				goto check_header_out;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-check_header_out:
-	strbuf_release(&sb);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int is_rfc2822_header(const struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	/*
-	 * The section that defines the loosest possible
-	 * field name is "3.6.8 Optional fields".
-	 *
-	 * optional-field = field-name ":" unstructured CRLF
-	 * field-name = 1*ftext
-	 * ftext = %d33-57 / %59-126
-	 */
-	int ch;
-	char *cp = line->buf;
-
-	/* Count mbox From headers as headers */
-	if (!prefixcmp(cp, "From ") || !prefixcmp(cp, ">From "))
-		return 1;
-
-	while ((ch = *cp++)) {
-		if (ch == ':')
-			return 1;
-		if ((33 <= ch && ch <= 57) ||
-		    (59 <= ch && ch <= 126))
-			continue;
-		break;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int read_one_header_line(struct strbuf *line, FILE *in)
-{
-	/* Get the first part of the line. */
-	if (strbuf_getline(line, in, '\n'))
-		return 0;
-
-	/*
-	 * Is it an empty line or not a valid rfc2822 header?
-	 * If so, stop here, and return false ("not a header")
-	 */
-	strbuf_rtrim(line);
-	if (!line->len || !is_rfc2822_header(line)) {
-		/* Re-add the newline */
-		strbuf_addch(line, '\n');
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Now we need to eat all the continuation lines..
-	 * Yuck, 2822 header "folding"
-	 */
-	for (;;) {
-		int peek;
-		struct strbuf continuation = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-		peek = fgetc(in); ungetc(peek, in);
-		if (peek != ' ' && peek != '\t')
-			break;
-		if (strbuf_getline(&continuation, in, '\n'))
-			break;
-		continuation.buf[0] = ' ';
-		strbuf_rtrim(&continuation);
-		strbuf_addbuf(line, &continuation);
-	}
-
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static struct strbuf *decode_q_segment(const struct strbuf *q_seg, int rfc2047)
-{
-	const char *in = q_seg->buf;
-	int c;
-	struct strbuf *out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
-	strbuf_init(out, q_seg->len);
-
-	while ((c = *in++) != 0) {
-		if (c == '=') {
-			int d = *in++;
-			if (d == '\n' || !d)
-				break; /* drop trailing newline */
-			strbuf_addch(out, (hexval(d) << 4) | hexval(*in++));
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (rfc2047 && c == '_') /* rfc2047 4.2 (2) */
-			c = 0x20;
-		strbuf_addch(out, c);
-	}
-	return out;
-}
-
-static struct strbuf *decode_b_segment(const struct strbuf *b_seg)
-{
-	/* Decode in..ep, possibly in-place to ot */
-	int c, pos = 0, acc = 0;
-	const char *in = b_seg->buf;
-	struct strbuf *out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
-	strbuf_init(out, b_seg->len);
-
-	while ((c = *in++) != 0) {
-		if (c == '+')
-			c = 62;
-		else if (c == '/')
-			c = 63;
-		else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
-			c -= 'A';
-		else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
-			c -= 'a' - 26;
-		else if ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
-			c -= '0' - 52;
-		else
-			continue; /* garbage */
-		switch (pos++) {
-		case 0:
-			acc = (c << 2);
-			break;
-		case 1:
-			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | (c >> 4)));
-			acc = (c & 15) << 4;
-			break;
-		case 2:
-			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | (c >> 2)));
-			acc = (c & 3) << 6;
-			break;
-		case 3:
-			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | c));
-			acc = pos = 0;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	return out;
-}
-
-/*
- * When there is no known charset, guess.
- *
- * Right now we assume that if the target is UTF-8 (the default),
- * and it already looks like UTF-8 (which includes US-ASCII as its
- * subset, of course) then that is what it is and there is nothing
- * to do.
- *
- * Otherwise, we default to assuming it is Latin1 for historical
- * reasons.
- */
-static const char *guess_charset(const struct strbuf *line, const char *target_charset)
-{
-	if (is_encoding_utf8(target_charset)) {
-		if (is_utf8(line->buf))
-			return NULL;
-	}
-	return "ISO8859-1";
-}
-
-static void convert_to_utf8(struct strbuf *line, const char *charset)
-{
-	char *out;
-
-	if (!charset || !*charset) {
-		charset = guess_charset(line, metainfo_charset);
-		if (!charset)
-			return;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcasecmp(metainfo_charset, charset))
-		return;
-	out = reencode_string(line->buf, metainfo_charset, charset);
-	if (!out)
-		die("cannot convert from %s to %s",
-		    charset, metainfo_charset);
-	strbuf_attach(line, out, strlen(out), strlen(out));
-}
-
-static int decode_header_bq(struct strbuf *it)
-{
-	char *in, *ep, *cp;
-	struct strbuf outbuf = STRBUF_INIT, *dec;
-	struct strbuf charset_q = STRBUF_INIT, piecebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int rfc2047 = 0;
-
-	in = it->buf;
-	while (in - it->buf <= it->len && (ep = strstr(in, "=?")) != NULL) {
-		int encoding;
-		strbuf_reset(&charset_q);
-		strbuf_reset(&piecebuf);
-		rfc2047 = 1;
-
-		if (in != ep) {
-			/*
-			 * We are about to process an encoded-word
-			 * that begins at ep, but there is something
-			 * before the encoded word.
-			 */
-			char *scan;
-			for (scan = in; scan < ep; scan++)
-				if (!isspace(*scan))
-					break;
-
-			if (scan != ep || in == it->buf) {
-				/*
-				 * We should not lose that "something",
-				 * unless we have just processed an
-				 * encoded-word, and there is only LWS
-				 * before the one we are about to process.
-				 */
-				strbuf_add(&outbuf, in, ep - in);
-			}
-		}
-		/* E.g.
-		 * ep : "=?iso-2022-jp?B?GyR...?= foo"
-		 * ep : "=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Foo=FCbar?= baz"
-		 */
-		ep += 2;
-
-		if (ep - it->buf >= it->len || !(cp = strchr(ep, '?')))
-			goto decode_header_bq_out;
-
-		if (cp + 3 - it->buf > it->len)
-			goto decode_header_bq_out;
-		strbuf_add(&charset_q, ep, cp - ep);
-
-		encoding = cp[1];
-		if (!encoding || cp[2] != '?')
-			goto decode_header_bq_out;
-		ep = strstr(cp + 3, "?=");
-		if (!ep)
-			goto decode_header_bq_out;
-		strbuf_add(&piecebuf, cp + 3, ep - cp - 3);
-		switch (tolower(encoding)) {
-		default:
-			goto decode_header_bq_out;
-		case 'b':
-			dec = decode_b_segment(&piecebuf);
-			break;
-		case 'q':
-			dec = decode_q_segment(&piecebuf, 1);
-			break;
-		}
-		if (metainfo_charset)
-			convert_to_utf8(dec, charset_q.buf);
-
-		strbuf_addbuf(&outbuf, dec);
-		strbuf_release(dec);
-		free(dec);
-		in = ep + 2;
-	}
-	strbuf_addstr(&outbuf, in);
-	strbuf_reset(it);
-	strbuf_addbuf(it, &outbuf);
-decode_header_bq_out:
-	strbuf_release(&outbuf);
-	strbuf_release(&charset_q);
-	strbuf_release(&piecebuf);
-	return rfc2047;
-}
-
-static void decode_header(struct strbuf *it)
-{
-	if (decode_header_bq(it))
-		return;
-	/* otherwise "it" is a straight copy of the input.
-	 * This can be binary guck but there is no charset specified.
-	 */
-	if (metainfo_charset)
-		convert_to_utf8(it, "");
-}
-
-static void decode_transfer_encoding(struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	struct strbuf *ret;
-
-	switch (transfer_encoding) {
-	case TE_QP:
-		ret = decode_q_segment(line, 0);
-		break;
-	case TE_BASE64:
-		ret = decode_b_segment(line);
-		break;
-	case TE_DONTCARE:
-	default:
-		return;
-	}
-	strbuf_reset(line);
-	strbuf_addbuf(line, ret);
-	strbuf_release(ret);
-	free(ret);
-}
-
-static void handle_filter(struct strbuf *line);
-
-static int find_boundary(void)
-{
-	while (!strbuf_getline(&line, fin, '\n')) {
-		if (*content_top && is_multipart_boundary(&line))
-			return 1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int handle_boundary(void)
-{
-	struct strbuf newline = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	strbuf_addch(&newline, '\n');
-again:
-	if (line.len >= (*content_top)->len + 2 &&
-	    !memcmp(line.buf + (*content_top)->len, "--", 2)) {
-		/* we hit an end boundary */
-		/* pop the current boundary off the stack */
-		strbuf_release(*content_top);
-		free(*content_top);
-		*content_top = NULL;
-
-		/* technically won't happen as is_multipart_boundary()
-		   will fail first.  But just in case..
-		 */
-		if (--content_top < content) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Detected mismatched boundaries, "
-					"can't recover\n");
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		handle_filter(&newline);
-		strbuf_release(&newline);
-
-		/* skip to the next boundary */
-		if (!find_boundary())
-			return 0;
-		goto again;
-	}
-
-	/* set some defaults */
-	transfer_encoding = TE_DONTCARE;
-	strbuf_reset(&charset);
-	message_type = TYPE_TEXT;
-
-	/* slurp in this section's info */
-	while (read_one_header_line(&line, fin))
-		check_header(&line, p_hdr_data, 0);
-
-	strbuf_release(&newline);
-	/* replenish line */
-	if (strbuf_getline(&line, fin, '\n'))
-		return 0;
-	strbuf_addch(&line, '\n');
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static inline int patchbreak(const struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	size_t i;
-
-	/* Beginning of a "diff -" header? */
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "diff -"))
-		return 1;
-
-	/* CVS "Index: " line? */
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "Index: "))
-		return 1;
-
-	/*
-	 * "--- <filename>" starts patches without headers
-	 * "---<sp>*" is a manual separator
-	 */
-	if (line->len < 4)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "---")) {
-		/* space followed by a filename? */
-		if (line->buf[3] == ' ' && !isspace(line->buf[4]))
-			return 1;
-		/* Just whitespace? */
-		for (i = 3; i < line->len; i++) {
-			unsigned char c = line->buf[i];
-			if (c == '\n')
-				return 1;
-			if (!isspace(c))
-				break;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int is_scissors_line(const struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	size_t i, len = line->len;
-	int scissors = 0, gap = 0;
-	int first_nonblank = -1;
-	int last_nonblank = 0, visible, perforation = 0, in_perforation = 0;
-	const char *buf = line->buf;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		if (isspace(buf[i])) {
-			if (in_perforation) {
-				perforation++;
-				gap++;
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		last_nonblank = i;
-		if (first_nonblank < 0)
-			first_nonblank = i;
-		if (buf[i] == '-') {
-			in_perforation = 1;
-			perforation++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (i + 1 < len &&
-		    (!memcmp(buf + i, ">8", 2) || !memcmp(buf + i, "8<", 2) ||
-		     !memcmp(buf + i, ">%", 2) || !memcmp(buf + i, "%<", 2))) {
-			in_perforation = 1;
-			perforation += 2;
-			scissors += 2;
-			i++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		in_perforation = 0;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * The mark must be at least 8 bytes long (e.g. "-- >8 --").
-	 * Even though there can be arbitrary cruft on the same line
-	 * (e.g. "cut here"), in order to avoid misidentification, the
-	 * perforation must occupy more than a third of the visible
-	 * width of the line, and dashes and scissors must occupy more
-	 * than half of the perforation.
-	 */
-
-	visible = last_nonblank - first_nonblank + 1;
-	return (scissors && 8 <= visible &&
-		visible < perforation * 3 &&
-		gap * 2 < perforation);
-}
-
-static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	static int still_looking = 1;
-
-	if (!cmitmsg)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (still_looking) {
-		if (!line->len || (line->len == 1 && line->buf[0] == '\n'))
-			return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (use_inbody_headers && still_looking) {
-		still_looking = check_header(line, s_hdr_data, 0);
-		if (still_looking)
-			return 0;
-	} else
-		/* Only trim the first (blank) line of the commit message
-		 * when ignoring in-body headers.
-		 */
-		still_looking = 0;
-
-	/* normalize the log message to UTF-8. */
-	if (metainfo_charset)
-		convert_to_utf8(line, charset.buf);
-
-	if (use_scissors && is_scissors_line(line)) {
-		int i;
-		if (fseek(cmitmsg, 0L, SEEK_SET))
-			die_errno("Could not rewind output message file");
-		if (ftruncate(fileno(cmitmsg), 0))
-			die_errno("Could not truncate output message file at scissors");
-		still_looking = 1;
-
-		/*
-		 * We may have already read "secondary headers"; purge
-		 * them to give ourselves a clean restart.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
-			if (s_hdr_data[i])
-				strbuf_release(s_hdr_data[i]);
-			s_hdr_data[i] = NULL;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (patchbreak(line)) {
-		fclose(cmitmsg);
-		cmitmsg = NULL;
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	fputs(line->buf, cmitmsg);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void handle_patch(const struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	fwrite(line->buf, 1, line->len, patchfile);
-	patch_lines++;
-}
-
-static void handle_filter(struct strbuf *line)
-{
-	static int filter = 0;
-
-	/* filter tells us which part we left off on */
-	switch (filter) {
-	case 0:
-		if (!handle_commit_msg(line))
-			break;
-		filter++;
-	case 1:
-		handle_patch(line);
-		break;
-	}
-}
-
-static void handle_body(void)
-{
-	struct strbuf prev = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	/* Skip up to the first boundary */
-	if (*content_top) {
-		if (!find_boundary())
-			goto handle_body_out;
-	}
-
-	do {
-		/* process any boundary lines */
-		if (*content_top && is_multipart_boundary(&line)) {
-			/* flush any leftover */
-			if (prev.len) {
-				handle_filter(&prev);
-				strbuf_reset(&prev);
-			}
-			if (!handle_boundary())
-				goto handle_body_out;
-		}
-
-		/* Unwrap transfer encoding */
-		decode_transfer_encoding(&line);
-
-		switch (transfer_encoding) {
-		case TE_BASE64:
-		case TE_QP:
-		{
-			struct strbuf **lines, **it, *sb;
-
-			/* Prepend any previous partial lines */
-			strbuf_insert(&line, 0, prev.buf, prev.len);
-			strbuf_reset(&prev);
-
-			/* binary data most likely doesn't have newlines */
-			if (message_type != TYPE_TEXT) {
-				handle_filter(&line);
-				break;
-			}
-			/*
-			 * This is a decoded line that may contain
-			 * multiple new lines.  Pass only one chunk
-			 * at a time to handle_filter()
-			 */
-			lines = strbuf_split(&line, '\n');
-			for (it = lines; (sb = *it); it++) {
-				if (*(it + 1) == NULL) /* The last line */
-					if (sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n') {
-						/* Partial line, save it for later. */
-						strbuf_addbuf(&prev, sb);
-						break;
-					}
-				handle_filter(sb);
-			}
-			/*
-			 * The partial chunk is saved in "prev" and will be
-			 * appended by the next iteration of read_line_with_nul().
-			 */
-			strbuf_list_free(lines);
-			break;
-		}
-		default:
-			handle_filter(&line);
-		}
-
-	} while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&line, fin, '\n'));
-
-handle_body_out:
-	strbuf_release(&prev);
-}
-
-static void output_header_lines(FILE *fout, const char *hdr, const struct strbuf *data)
-{
-	const char *sp = data->buf;
-	while (1) {
-		char *ep = strchr(sp, '\n');
-		int len;
-		if (!ep)
-			len = strlen(sp);
-		else
-			len = ep - sp;
-		fprintf(fout, "%s: %.*s\n", hdr, len, sp);
-		if (!ep)
-			break;
-		sp = ep + 1;
-	}
-}
-
-static void handle_info(void)
-{
-	struct strbuf *hdr;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
-		/* only print inbody headers if we output a patch file */
-		if (patch_lines && s_hdr_data[i])
-			hdr = s_hdr_data[i];
-		else if (p_hdr_data[i])
-			hdr = p_hdr_data[i];
-		else
-			continue;
-
-		if (!memcmp(header[i], "Subject", 7)) {
-			if (!keep_subject) {
-				cleanup_subject(hdr);
-				cleanup_space(hdr);
-			}
-			output_header_lines(fout, "Subject", hdr);
-		} else if (!memcmp(header[i], "From", 4)) {
-			cleanup_space(hdr);
-			handle_from(hdr);
-			fprintf(fout, "Author: %s\n", name.buf);
-			fprintf(fout, "Email: %s\n", email.buf);
-		} else {
-			cleanup_space(hdr);
-			fprintf(fout, "%s: %s\n", header[i], hdr->buf);
-		}
-	}
-	fprintf(fout, "\n");
-}
-
-static int mailinfo(FILE *in, FILE *out, const char *msg, const char *patch)
-{
-	int peek;
-	fin = in;
-	fout = out;
-
-	cmitmsg = fopen(msg, "w");
-	if (!cmitmsg) {
-		perror(msg);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	patchfile = fopen(patch, "w");
-	if (!patchfile) {
-		perror(patch);
-		fclose(cmitmsg);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	p_hdr_data = xcalloc(MAX_HDR_PARSED, sizeof(*p_hdr_data));
-	s_hdr_data = xcalloc(MAX_HDR_PARSED, sizeof(*s_hdr_data));
-
-	do {
-		peek = fgetc(in);
-	} while (isspace(peek));
-	ungetc(peek, in);
-
-	/* process the email header */
-	while (read_one_header_line(&line, fin))
-		check_header(&line, p_hdr_data, 1);
-
-	handle_body();
-	handle_info();
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int git_mailinfo_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
-{
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "mailinfo."))
-		return git_default_config(var, value, unused);
-	if (!strcmp(var, "mailinfo.scissors")) {
-		use_scissors = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	/* perhaps others here */
-	return 0;
-}
+#include "mailinfo.h"
 
 static const char mailinfo_usage[] =
-	"git mailinfo [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors | --no-scissors] msg patch < mail >info";
+	"git mailinfo [-k | -b] [-m | --message-id] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors | --no-scissors] <msg> <patch> < mail >info";
 
 int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char *def_charset;
+	struct mailinfo mi;
+	int status;
 
 	/* NEEDSWORK: might want to do the optional .git/ directory
 	 * discovery
 	 */
-	git_config(git_mailinfo_config, NULL);
+	setup_mailinfo(&mi);
 
 	def_charset = get_commit_output_encoding();
-	metainfo_charset = def_charset;
+	mi.metainfo_charset = def_charset;
 
 	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
 		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-k"))
-			keep_subject = 1;
+			mi.keep_subject = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-b"))
-			keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject = 1;
+			mi.keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-m") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--message-id"))
+			mi.add_message_id = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-u"))
-			metainfo_charset = def_charset;
+			mi.metainfo_charset = def_charset;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-n"))
-			metainfo_charset = NULL;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(argv[1], "--encoding="))
-			metainfo_charset = argv[1] + 11;
+			mi.metainfo_charset = NULL;
+		else if (starts_with(argv[1], "--encoding="))
+			mi.metainfo_charset = argv[1] + 11;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--scissors"))
-			use_scissors = 1;
+			mi.use_scissors = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--no-scissors"))
-			use_scissors = 0;
+			mi.use_scissors = 0;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--no-inbody-headers"))
-			use_inbody_headers = 0;
+			mi.use_inbody_headers = 0;
 		else
 			usage(mailinfo_usage);
 		argc--; argv++;
@@ -1060,5 +52,10 @@ int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (argc != 3)
 		usage(mailinfo_usage);
 
-	return !!mailinfo(stdin, stdout, argv[1], argv[2]);
+	mi.input = stdin;
+	mi.output = stdout;
+	status = !!mailinfo(&mi, argv[1], argv[2]);
+	clear_mailinfo(&mi);
+
+	return status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/mailsplit.c b/builtin/mailsplit.c
index 2d4327801e..30681681c1 100644
--- a/builtin/mailsplit.c
+++ b/builtin/mailsplit.c
@@ -45,6 +45,19 @@ static int is_from_line(const char *line, int len)
 
 static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 static int keep_cr;
+static int mboxrd;
+
+static int is_gtfrom(const struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	size_t min = strlen(">From ");
+	size_t ngt;
+
+	if (buf->len < min)
+		return 0;
+
+	ngt = strspn(buf->buf, ">");
+	return ngt && starts_with(buf->buf + ngt, "From ");
+}
 
 /* Called with the first line (potentially partial)
  * already in buf[] -- normally that should begin with
@@ -53,14 +66,15 @@ static int keep_cr;
  */
 static int split_one(FILE *mbox, const char *name, int allow_bare)
 {
-	FILE *output = NULL;
+	FILE *output;
 	int fd;
 	int status = 0;
 	int is_bare = !is_from_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
 
-	if (is_bare && !allow_bare)
-		goto corrupt;
-
+	if (is_bare && !allow_bare) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "corrupt mailbox\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
 	fd = open(name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno("cannot open output file '%s'", name);
@@ -76,6 +90,9 @@ static int split_one(FILE *mbox, const char *name, int allow_bare)
 			strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 		}
 
+		if (mboxrd && is_gtfrom(&buf))
+			strbuf_remove(&buf, 0, 1);
+
 		if (fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, output) != buf.len)
 			die_errno("cannot write output");
 
@@ -91,79 +108,110 @@ static int split_one(FILE *mbox, const char *name, int allow_bare)
 	}
 	fclose(output);
 	return status;
-
- corrupt:
-	if (output)
-		fclose(output);
-	unlink(name);
-	fprintf(stderr, "corrupt mailbox\n");
-	exit(1);
 }
 
 static int populate_maildir_list(struct string_list *list, const char *path)
 {
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *dent;
-	char name[PATH_MAX];
+	char *name = NULL;
 	char *subs[] = { "cur", "new", NULL };
 	char **sub;
+	int ret = -1;
 
 	for (sub = subs; *sub; ++sub) {
-		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/%s", path, *sub);
+		free(name);
+		name = xstrfmt("%s/%s", path, *sub);
 		if ((dir = opendir(name)) == NULL) {
 			if (errno == ENOENT)
 				continue;
-			error("cannot opendir %s (%s)", name, strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			error_errno("cannot opendir %s", name);
+			goto out;
 		}
 
 		while ((dent = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 			if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
 				continue;
-			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/%s", *sub, dent->d_name);
+			free(name);
+			name = xstrfmt("%s/%s", *sub, dent->d_name);
 			string_list_insert(list, name);
 		}
 
 		closedir(dir);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	ret = 0;
+
+out:
+	free(name);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int maildir_filename_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	while (*a && *b) {
+		if (isdigit(*a) && isdigit(*b)) {
+			long int na, nb;
+			na = strtol(a, (char **)&a, 10);
+			nb = strtol(b, (char **)&b, 10);
+			if (na != nb)
+				return na - nb;
+			/* strtol advanced our pointers */
+		}
+		else {
+			if (*a != *b)
+				return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+			a++;
+			b++;
+		}
+	}
+	return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
 }
 
 static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
 	int nr_prec, int skip)
 {
-	char file[PATH_MAX];
-	char name[PATH_MAX];
+	char *file = NULL;
+	FILE *f = NULL;
 	int ret = -1;
 	int i;
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
+	list.cmp = maildir_filename_cmp;
+
 	if (populate_maildir_list(&list, maildir) < 0)
 		goto out;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-		FILE *f;
-		snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/%s", maildir, list.items[i].string);
+		char *name;
+
+		free(file);
+		file = xstrfmt("%s/%s", maildir, list.items[i].string);
+
 		f = fopen(file, "r");
 		if (!f) {
-			error("cannot open mail %s (%s)", file, strerror(errno));
+			error_errno("cannot open mail %s", file);
 			goto out;
 		}
 
 		if (strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, f, '\n')) {
-			error("cannot read mail %s (%s)", file, strerror(errno));
+			error_errno("cannot read mail %s", file);
 			goto out;
 		}
 
-		sprintf(name, "%s/%0*d", dir, nr_prec, ++skip);
+		name = xstrfmt("%s/%0*d", dir, nr_prec, ++skip);
 		split_one(f, name, 1);
+		free(name);
 
 		fclose(f);
+		f = NULL;
 	}
 
 	ret = skip;
 out:
+	if (f)
+		fclose(f);
+	free(file);
 	string_list_clear(&list, 1);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -171,7 +219,6 @@ out:
 static int split_mbox(const char *file, const char *dir, int allow_bare,
 		      int nr_prec, int skip)
 {
-	char name[PATH_MAX];
 	int ret = -1;
 	int peek;
 
@@ -179,7 +226,7 @@ static int split_mbox(const char *file, const char *dir, int allow_bare,
 	int file_done = 0;
 
 	if (!f) {
-		error("cannot open mbox %s", file);
+		error_errno("cannot open mbox %s", file);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
@@ -198,8 +245,9 @@ static int split_mbox(const char *file, const char *dir, int allow_bare,
 	}
 
 	while (!file_done) {
-		sprintf(name, "%s/%0*d", dir, nr_prec, ++skip);
+		char *name = xstrfmt("%s/%0*d", dir, nr_prec, ++skip);
 		file_done = split_one(f, name, allow_bare);
+		free(name);
 	}
 
 	if (f != stdin)
@@ -239,6 +287,8 @@ int cmd_mailsplit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			keep_cr = 1;
 		} else if ( arg[1] == 'o' && arg[2] ) {
 			dir = arg+2;
+		} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--mboxrd")) {
+			mboxrd = 1;
 		} else if ( arg[1] == '-' && !arg[2] ) {
 			argp++;	/* -- marks end of options */
 			break;
@@ -286,7 +336,7 @@ int cmd_mailsplit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 
 		if (stat(arg, &argstat) == -1) {
-			error("cannot stat %s (%s)", arg, strerror(errno));
+			error_errno("cannot stat %s", arg);
 			return 1;
 		}
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge-base.c b/builtin/merge-base.c
index 4f30f1b0c8..c0d1822eb3 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-base.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-base.c
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static int show_merge_base(struct commit **rev, int rev_nr, int show_all)
 {
 	struct commit_list *result;
 
-	result = get_merge_bases_many(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1, 0);
+	result = get_merge_bases_many_dirty(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1);
 
 	if (!result)
 		return 1;
 
 	while (result) {
-		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(result->item->object.sha1));
+		printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(&result->item->object.oid));
 		if (!show_all)
 			return 0;
 		result = result->next;
@@ -23,9 +26,11 @@ static int show_merge_base(struct commit **rev, int rev_nr, int show_all)
 }
 
 static const char * const merge_base_usage[] = {
-	"git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...",
-	"git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>...",
-	"git merge-base --independent <commit>...",
+	N_("git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base --independent <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"),
+	N_("git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -43,25 +48,42 @@ static struct commit *get_commit_reference(const char *arg)
 	return r;
 }
 
-static int handle_octopus(int count, const char **args, int reduce, int show_all)
+static int handle_independent(int count, const char **args)
 {
 	struct commit_list *revs = NULL;
 	struct commit_list *result;
 	int i;
 
-	if (reduce)
-		show_all = 1;
+	for (i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		commit_list_insert(get_commit_reference(args[i]), &revs);
+
+	result = reduce_heads(revs);
+	if (!result)
+		return 1;
+
+	while (result) {
+		printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(&result->item->object.oid));
+		result = result->next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_octopus(int count, const char **args, int show_all)
+{
+	struct commit_list *revs = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *result;
+	int i;
 
 	for (i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 		commit_list_insert(get_commit_reference(args[i]), &revs);
 
-	result = reduce ? reduce_heads(revs) : get_octopus_merge_bases(revs);
+	result = reduce_heads(get_octopus_merge_bases(revs));
 
 	if (!result)
 		return 1;
 
 	while (result) {
-		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(result->item->object.sha1));
+		printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(&result->item->object.oid));
 		if (!show_all)
 			return 0;
 		result = result->next;
@@ -70,32 +92,167 @@ static int handle_octopus(int count, const char **args, int reduce, int show_all
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int handle_is_ancestor(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct commit *one, *two;
+
+	if (argc != 2)
+		die("--is-ancestor takes exactly two commits");
+	one = get_commit_reference(argv[0]);
+	two = get_commit_reference(argv[1]);
+	if (in_merge_bases(one, two))
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+struct rev_collect {
+	struct commit **commit;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+	unsigned int initial : 1;
+};
+
+static void add_one_commit(unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_collect *revs)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return;
+
+	commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+	if (!commit ||
+	    (commit->object.flags & TMP_MARK) ||
+	    parse_commit(commit))
+		return;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(revs->commit, revs->nr + 1, revs->alloc);
+	revs->commit[revs->nr++] = commit;
+	commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+}
+
+static int collect_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+				  const char *ident, unsigned long timestamp,
+				  int tz, const char *message, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct rev_collect *revs = cbdata;
+
+	if (revs->initial) {
+		revs->initial = 0;
+		add_one_commit(osha1, revs);
+	}
+	add_one_commit(nsha1, revs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_fork_point(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *refname;
+	const char *commitname;
+	struct rev_collect revs;
+	struct commit *derived;
+	struct commit_list *bases;
+	int i, ret = 0;
+
+	switch (dwim_ref(argv[0], strlen(argv[0]), sha1, &refname)) {
+	case 0:
+		die("No such ref: '%s'", argv[0]);
+	case 1:
+		break; /* good */
+	default:
+		die("Ambiguous refname: '%s'", argv[0]);
+	}
+
+	commitname = (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : "HEAD";
+	if (get_sha1(commitname, sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'", commitname);
+
+	derived = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	memset(&revs, 0, sizeof(revs));
+	revs.initial = 1;
+	for_each_reflog_ent(refname, collect_one_reflog_ent, &revs);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs.nr; i++)
+		revs.commit[i]->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+
+	bases = get_merge_bases_many_dirty(derived, revs.nr, revs.commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * There should be one and only one merge base, when we found
+	 * a common ancestor among reflog entries.
+	 */
+	if (!bases || bases->next) {
+		ret = 1;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
+
+	/* And the found one must be one of the reflog entries */
+	for (i = 0; i < revs.nr; i++)
+		if (&bases->item->object == &revs.commit[i]->object)
+			break; /* found */
+	if (revs.nr <= i) {
+		ret = 1; /* not found */
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
+
+	printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(&bases->item->object.oid));
+
+cleanup_return:
+	free_commit_list(bases);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int cmd_merge_base(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct commit **rev;
 	int rev_nr = 0;
 	int show_all = 0;
-	int octopus = 0;
-	int reduce = 0;
+	int cmdmode = 0;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, "output all common ancestors"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "octopus", &octopus, "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &reduce, "list revs not reachable from others"),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("output all common ancestors")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "octopus", &cmdmode,
+			    N_("find ancestors for a single n-way merge"), 'o'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "independent", &cmdmode,
+			    N_("list revs not reachable from others"), 'r'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "is-ancestor", &cmdmode,
+			    N_("is the first one ancestor of the other?"), 'a'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "fork-point", &cmdmode,
+			    N_("find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"), 'f'),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, merge_base_usage, 0);
-	if (!octopus && !reduce && argc < 2)
-		usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
-	if (reduce && (show_all || octopus))
-		die("--independent cannot be used with other options");
 
-	if (octopus || reduce)
-		return handle_octopus(argc, argv, reduce, show_all);
+	if (cmdmode == 'a') {
+		if (argc < 2)
+			usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
+		if (show_all)
+			die("--is-ancestor cannot be used with --all");
+		return handle_is_ancestor(argc, argv);
+	}
+
+	if (cmdmode == 'r' && show_all)
+		die("--independent cannot be used with --all");
+
+	if (cmdmode == 'o')
+		return handle_octopus(argc, argv, show_all);
+
+	if (cmdmode == 'r')
+		return handle_independent(argc, argv);
+
+	if (cmdmode == 'f') {
+		if (argc < 1 || 2 < argc)
+			usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
+		return handle_fork_point(argc, argv);
+	}
+
+	if (argc < 2)
+		usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
 
-	rev = xmalloc(argc * sizeof(*rev));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(rev, argc);
 	while (argc-- > 0)
 		rev[rev_nr++] = get_commit_reference(*argv++);
 	return show_merge_base(rev, rev_nr, show_all);
diff --git a/builtin/merge-file.c b/builtin/merge-file.c
index 237abd3c0b..13e22a2f0b 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-file.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char *const merge_file_usage[] = {
-	"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file file2",
+	N_("git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> <orig-file> <file2>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int quiet = 0;
 	int prefixlen = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, "send results to standard output"),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, "use a diff3 based merge", XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use our version",
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, N_("send results to standard output")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, N_("use a diff3 based merge"), XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use our version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "theirs", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use their version",
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "theirs", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use their version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "union", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use a union version",
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "union", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use a union version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "marker-size", &xmp.marker_size,
-			    "for conflicts, use this marker size"),
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not warn about conflicts"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, "name",
-			     "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2", &label_cb),
+			    N_("for conflicts, use this marker size")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not warn about conflicts")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, N_("name"),
+			     N_("set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"), &label_cb),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(merge_file_usage, options);
 	if (quiet) {
 		if (!freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr))
-			return error("failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null: "
-				     "%s\n", strerror(errno));
+			return error_errno("failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null");
 	}
 
 	if (prefix)
@@ -75,8 +74,9 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			names[i] = argv[i];
 		if (read_mmfile(mmfs + i, fname))
 			return -1;
-		if (buffer_is_binary(mmfs[i].ptr, mmfs[i].size))
-			return error("Cannot merge binary files: %s\n",
+		if (mmfs[i].size > MAX_XDIFF_SIZE ||
+		    buffer_is_binary(mmfs[i].ptr, mmfs[i].size))
+			return error("Cannot merge binary files: %s",
 					argv[i]);
 	}
 
@@ -90,17 +90,22 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (ret >= 0) {
 		const char *filename = argv[0];
-		FILE *f = to_stdout ? stdout : fopen(filename, "wb");
+		const char *fpath = prefix_filename(prefix, prefixlen, argv[0]);
+		FILE *f = to_stdout ? stdout : fopen(fpath, "wb");
 
 		if (!f)
-			ret = error("Could not open %s for writing", filename);
+			ret = error_errno("Could not open %s for writing",
+					  filename);
 		else if (result.size &&
 			 fwrite(result.ptr, result.size, 1, f) != 1)
-			ret = error("Could not write to %s", filename);
+			ret = error_errno("Could not write to %s", filename);
 		else if (fclose(f))
-			ret = error("Could not close %s", filename);
+			ret = error_errno("Could not close %s", filename);
 		free(result.ptr);
 	}
 
+	if (ret > 127)
+		ret = 127;
+
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/merge-index.c b/builtin/merge-index.c
index 2338832587..1c3427c36c 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-index.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-index.c
@@ -9,21 +9,21 @@ static int merge_entry(int pos, const char *path)
 {
 	int found;
 	const char *arguments[] = { pgm, "", "", "", path, "", "", "", NULL };
-	char hexbuf[4][60];
+	char hexbuf[4][GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
 	char ownbuf[4][60];
 
 	if (pos >= active_nr)
 		die("git merge-index: %s not in the cache", path);
 	found = 0;
 	do {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		int stage = ce_stage(ce);
 
 		if (strcmp(ce->name, path))
 			break;
 		found++;
-		strcpy(hexbuf[stage], sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
-		sprintf(ownbuf[stage], "%o", ce->ce_mode);
+		sha1_to_hex_r(hexbuf[stage], ce->sha1);
+		xsnprintf(ownbuf[stage], sizeof(ownbuf[stage]), "%o", ce->ce_mode);
 		arguments[stage] = hexbuf[stage];
 		arguments[stage + 4] = ownbuf[stage];
 	} while (++pos < active_nr);
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static int merge_entry(int pos, const char *path)
 	return found;
 }
 
-static void merge_file(const char *path)
+static void merge_one_path(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static void merge_all(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		i += merge_entry(i, ce->name)-1;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ int cmd_merge_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
 
 	if (argc < 3)
-		usage("git merge-index [-o] [-q] <merge-program> (-a | [--] <filename>*)");
+		usage("git merge-index [-o] [-q] <merge-program> (-a | [--] [<filename>...])");
 
 	read_cache();
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ int cmd_merge_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			die("git merge-index: unknown option %s", arg);
 		}
-		merge_file(arg);
+		merge_one_path(arg);
 	}
 	if (err && !quiet)
 		die("merge program failed");
diff --git a/builtin/merge-recursive.c b/builtin/merge-recursive.c
index 3a64f5d0bd..491efd556e 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-recursive.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ static const char *better_branch_name(const char *branch)
 
 	if (strlen(branch) != 40)
 		return branch;
-	sprintf(githead_env, "GITHEAD_%s", branch);
+	xsnprintf(githead_env, sizeof(githead_env), "GITHEAD_%s", branch);
 	name = getenv(githead_env);
 	return name ? name : branch;
 }
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ int cmd_merge_recursive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct commit *result;
 
 	init_merge_options(&o);
-	if (argv[0] && !suffixcmp(argv[0], "-subtree"))
+	if (argv[0] && ends_with(argv[0], "-subtree"))
 		o.subtree_shift = "";
 
 	if (argc < 4)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ int cmd_merge_recursive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--")) {
 			if (!arg[2])
 				break;
 			if (parse_merge_opt(&o, arg + 2))
diff --git a/builtin/merge-tree.c b/builtin/merge-tree.c
index 897a563bc6..5b7ab9b967 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-tree.c
@@ -3,17 +3,15 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static const char merge_tree_usage[] = "git merge-tree <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2>";
-static int resolve_directories = 1;
 
 struct merge_list {
 	struct merge_list *next;
 	struct merge_list *link;	/* other stages for this object */
 
-	unsigned int stage : 2,
-		     flags : 30;
+	unsigned int stage : 2;
 	unsigned int mode;
 	const char *path;
 	struct blob *blob;
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ static void *result(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
 	const char *path = entry->path;
 
 	if (!entry->stage)
-		return read_sha1_file(entry->blob->object.sha1, &type, size);
+		return read_sha1_file(entry->blob->object.oid.hash, &type, size);
 	base = NULL;
 	if (entry->stage == 1) {
 		base = entry->blob;
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ static void *result(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
 	their = NULL;
 	if (entry)
 		their = entry->blob;
-	return merge_file(path, base, our, their, size);
+	return merge_blobs(path, base, our, their, size);
 }
 
 static void *origin(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ static void *origin(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
 	enum object_type type;
 	while (entry) {
 		if (entry->stage == 2)
-			return read_sha1_file(entry->blob->object.sha1, &type, size);
+			return read_sha1_file(entry->blob->object.oid.hash, &type, size);
 		entry = entry->link;
 	}
 	return NULL;
@@ -120,7 +118,8 @@ static void show_diff(struct merge_list *entry)
 	if (!dst.ptr)
 		size = 0;
 	dst.size = size;
-	xdi_diff(&src, &dst, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+	if (xdi_diff(&src, &dst, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb))
+		die("unable to generate diff");
 	free(src.ptr);
 	free(dst.ptr);
 }
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ static void show_result_list(struct merge_list *entry)
 	do {
 		struct merge_list *link = entry->link;
 		static const char *desc[4] = { "result", "base", "our", "their" };
-		printf("  %-6s %o %s %s\n", desc[entry->stage], entry->mode, sha1_to_hex(entry->blob->object.sha1), entry->path);
+		printf("  %-6s %o %s %s\n", desc[entry->stage], entry->mode, oid_to_hex(&entry->blob->object.oid), entry->path);
 		entry = link;
 	} while (entry);
 }
@@ -151,12 +150,17 @@ static void show_result(void)
 /* An empty entry never compares same, not even to another empty entry */
 static int same_entry(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
 {
-	return	a->sha1 &&
-		b->sha1 &&
-		!hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1) &&
+	return	a->oid &&
+		b->oid &&
+		!oidcmp(a->oid, b->oid) &&
 		a->mode == b->mode;
 }
 
+static int both_empty(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return !(a->oid || b->oid);
+}
+
 static struct merge_list *create_entry(unsigned stage, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path)
 {
 	struct merge_list *res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
@@ -170,56 +174,57 @@ static struct merge_list *create_entry(unsigned stage, unsigned mode, const unsi
 
 static char *traverse_path(const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
 {
-	char *path = xmalloc(traverse_path_len(info, n) + 1);
+	char *path = xmallocz(traverse_path_len(info, n));
 	return make_traverse_path(path, info, n);
 }
 
-static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *branch1, struct name_entry *result)
+static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *ours, struct name_entry *result)
 {
 	struct merge_list *orig, *final;
 	const char *path;
 
-	/* If it's already branch1, don't bother showing it */
-	if (!branch1)
+	/* If it's already ours, don't bother showing it */
+	if (!ours)
 		return;
 
 	path = traverse_path(info, result);
-	orig = create_entry(2, branch1->mode, branch1->sha1, path);
-	final = create_entry(0, result->mode, result->sha1, path);
+	orig = create_entry(2, ours->mode, ours->oid->hash, path);
+	final = create_entry(0, result->mode, result->oid->hash, path);
 
 	final->link = orig;
 
 	add_merge_entry(final);
 }
 
-static int unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
+static void unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info,
+				 struct name_entry n[3])
 {
 	char *newbase;
 	struct name_entry *p;
 	struct tree_desc t[3];
 	void *buf0, *buf1, *buf2;
 
-	if (!resolve_directories)
-		return 0;
-	p = n;
-	if (!p->mode) {
-		p++;
-		if (!p->mode)
-			p++;
+	for (p = n; p < n + 3; p++) {
+		if (p->mode && S_ISDIR(p->mode))
+			break;
 	}
-	if (!S_ISDIR(p->mode))
-		return 0;
+	if (n + 3 <= p)
+		return; /* there is no tree here */
+
 	newbase = traverse_path(info, p);
-	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, n[0].sha1);
-	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, n[1].sha1);
-	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, n[2].sha1);
+
+#define ENTRY_SHA1(e) (((e)->mode && S_ISDIR((e)->mode)) ? (e)->oid->hash : NULL)
+	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 0));
+	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 1));
+	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 2));
+#undef ENTRY_SHA1
+
 	merge_trees(t, newbase);
 
 	free(buf0);
 	free(buf1);
 	free(buf2);
 	free(newbase);
-	return 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -234,7 +239,7 @@ static struct merge_list *link_entry(unsigned stage, const struct traverse_info
 		path = entry->path;
 	else
 		path = traverse_path(info, n);
-	link = create_entry(stage, n->mode, n->sha1, path);
+	link = create_entry(stage, n->mode, n->oid->hash, path);
 	link->link = entry;
 	return link;
 }
@@ -242,18 +247,30 @@ static struct merge_list *link_entry(unsigned stage, const struct traverse_info
 static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
 {
 	struct merge_list *entry = NULL;
+	int i;
+	unsigned dirmask = 0, mask = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		mask |= (1 << i);
+		/*
+		 * Treat missing entries as directories so that we return
+		 * after unresolved_directory has handled this.
+		 */
+		if (!n[i].mode || S_ISDIR(n[i].mode))
+			dirmask |= (1 << i);
+	}
+
+	unresolved_directory(info, n);
 
-	if (unresolved_directory(info, n))
+	if (dirmask == mask)
 		return;
 
-	/*
-	 * Do them in reverse order so that the resulting link
-	 * list has the stages in order - link_entry adds new
-	 * links at the front.
-	 */
-	entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
+	if (n[2].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[2].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
+	if (n[1].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[1].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
+	if (n[0].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[0].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
 
 	add_merge_entry(entry);
 }
@@ -290,25 +307,29 @@ static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
 static int threeway_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *entry, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
 	/* Same in both? */
-	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[0].sha1) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+1, entry+2)) {
+		/* Modified, added or removed identically */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+1)) {
-		if (entry[2].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[2].mode)) {
+		if (entry[2].oid && !S_ISDIR(entry[2].mode)) {
+			/* We did not touch, they modified -- take theirs */
 			resolve(info, entry+1, entry+2);
 			return mask;
 		}
+		/*
+		 * If we did not touch a directory but they made it
+		 * into a file, we fall through and unresolved()
+		 * recurses down.  Likewise for the opposite case.
+		 */
 	}
 
-	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[1].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[1].mode)) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+0, entry+2)) {
+		/* We added, modified or removed, they did not touch -- take ours */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	unresolved(info, entry);
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index a896165790..b555a1bf9c 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "fmt-merge-msg.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
 
 #define DEFAULT_TWOHEAD (1<<0)
 #define DEFAULT_OCTOPUS (1<<1)
@@ -39,19 +42,18 @@ struct strategy {
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_merge_usage[] = {
-	"git merge [options] [<commit>...]",
-	"git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>",
-	"git merge --abort",
+	N_("git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"),
+	N_("git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"),
+	N_("git merge --abort"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int show_diffstat = 1, shortlog_len = -1, squash;
-static int option_commit = 1, allow_fast_forward = 1;
-static int fast_forward_only, option_edit;
-static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message;
+static int option_commit = 1;
+static int option_edit = -1;
+static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message, verify_signatures;
 static int overwrite_ignore = 1;
-static struct strbuf merge_msg;
-static struct commit_list *remoteheads;
+static struct strbuf merge_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct strategy **use_strategies;
 static size_t use_strategies_nr, use_strategies_alloc;
 static const char **xopts;
@@ -62,8 +64,10 @@ static int option_renormalize;
 static int verbosity;
 static int allow_rerere_auto;
 static int abort_current_merge;
+static int allow_unrelated_histories;
 static int show_progress = -1;
-static int default_to_upstream;
+static int default_to_upstream = 1;
+static const char *sign_commit;
 
 static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
 	{ "recursive",  DEFAULT_TWOHEAD | NO_TRIVIAL },
@@ -75,6 +79,14 @@ static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
 
 static const char *pull_twohead, *pull_octopus;
 
+enum ff_type {
+	FF_NO,
+	FF_ALLOW,
+	FF_ONLY
+};
+
+static enum ff_type fast_forward = FF_ALLOW;
+
 static int option_parse_message(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
@@ -179,56 +191,61 @@ static int option_parse_n(const struct option *opt,
 
 static struct option builtin_merge_options[] = {
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-		"do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge",
+		N_("do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
 		PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_n },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
-		"show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, "(synonym to --stat)"),
-	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
-	  "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message",
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
+		N_("show a diffstat at the end of the merge")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, N_("(synonym to --stat)")),
+	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+	  N_("add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "squash", &squash,
-		"create a single commit instead of doing a merge"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "commit", &option_commit,
-		"perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &option_edit,
-		"edit message before committing"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &allow_fast_forward,
-		"allow fast-forward (default)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff-only", &fast_forward_only,
-		"abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "squash", &squash,
+		N_("create a single commit instead of doing a merge")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "commit", &option_commit,
+		N_("perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)")),
+	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &option_edit,
+		N_("edit message before committing")),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "ff", &fast_forward, N_("allow fast-forward (default)"), FF_ALLOW),
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "ff-only", &fast_forward, NULL,
+		N_("abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, FF_ONLY },
 	OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&allow_rerere_auto),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, "strategy",
-		"merge strategy to use", option_parse_strategy),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, "option=value",
-		"option for selected merge strategy", option_parse_x),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &merge_msg, "message",
-		"merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)",
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify-signatures", &verify_signatures,
+		N_("Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature")),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, N_("strategy"),
+		N_("merge strategy to use"), option_parse_strategy),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, N_("option=value"),
+		N_("option for selected merge strategy"), option_parse_x),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &merge_msg, N_("message"),
+		N_("merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"),
 		option_parse_message),
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
-		"abort the current in-progress merge"),
-	OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, "force progress reporting", 1),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, "update ignored files (default)"),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
+		N_("abort the current in-progress merge")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-unrelated-histories", &allow_unrelated_histories,
+		 N_("allow merging unrelated histories")),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("force progress reporting"), 1),
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key-id"),
+	  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
 /* Cleans up metadata that is uninteresting after a succeeded merge. */
 static void drop_save(void)
 {
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
-	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
+	unlink(git_path_merge_head());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_msg());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_mode());
 }
 
 static int save_state(unsigned char *stash)
 {
 	int len;
-	struct child_process cp;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = {"stash", "create", NULL};
 
-	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 	cp.argv = argv;
 	cp.out = -1;
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -314,7 +331,7 @@ static void finish_up_to_date(const char *msg)
 	drop_save();
 }
 
-static void squash_message(struct commit *commit)
+static void squash_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -324,7 +341,7 @@ static void squash_message(struct commit *commit)
 	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 
 	printf(_("Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"));
-	filename = git_path("SQUASH_MSG");
+	filename = git_path_squash_msg();
 	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
@@ -351,10 +368,10 @@ static void squash_message(struct commit *commit)
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
 		strbuf_addch(&out, '\n');
 		strbuf_addf(&out, "commit %s\n",
-			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &out);
 	}
-	if (write(fd, out.buf, out.len) < 0)
+	if (write_in_full(fd, out.buf, out.len) != out.len)
 		die_errno(_("Writing SQUASH_MSG"));
 	if (close(fd))
 		die_errno(_("Finishing SQUASH_MSG"));
@@ -362,10 +379,11 @@ static void squash_message(struct commit *commit)
 }
 
 static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
+		   struct commit_list *remoteheads,
 		   const unsigned char *new_head, const char *msg)
 {
 	struct strbuf reflog_message = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const unsigned char *head = head_commit->object.sha1;
+	const unsigned char *head = head_commit->object.oid.hash;
 
 	if (!msg)
 		strbuf_addstr(&reflog_message, getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"));
@@ -376,7 +394,7 @@ static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
 			getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"), msg);
 	}
 	if (squash) {
-		squash_message(head_commit);
+		squash_message(head_commit, remoteheads);
 	} else {
 		if (verbosity >= 0 && !merge_msg.len)
 			printf(_("No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"));
@@ -384,29 +402,31 @@ static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
 			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = { "gc", "--auto", NULL };
 			update_ref(reflog_message.buf, "HEAD",
 				new_head, head, 0,
-				DIE_ON_ERR);
+				UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 			/*
 			 * We ignore errors in 'gc --auto', since the
 			 * user should see them.
 			 */
+			close_all_packs();
 			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 		}
 	}
 	if (new_head && show_diffstat) {
 		struct diff_options opts;
 		diff_setup(&opts);
+		opts.stat_width = -1; /* use full terminal width */
+		opts.stat_graph_width = -1; /* respect statGraphWidth config */
 		opts.output_format |=
 			DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
 		opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
-		if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
-			die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+		diff_setup_done(&opts);
 		diff_tree_sha1(head, new_head, "", &opts);
 		diffcore_std(&opts);
 		diff_flush(&opts);
 	}
 
 	/* Run a post-merge hook */
-	run_hook(NULL, "post-merge", squash ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+	run_hook_le(NULL, "post-merge", squash ? "1" : "0", NULL);
 
 	strbuf_release(&reflog_message);
 }
@@ -431,17 +451,17 @@ static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
 		die(_("'%s' does not point to a commit"), remote);
 
 	if (dwim_ref(remote, strlen(remote), branch_head, &found_ref) > 0) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+		if (starts_with(found_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
 			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tbranch '%s' of .\n",
 				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/tags/")) {
+		if (starts_with(found_ref, "refs/tags/")) {
 			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\ttag '%s' of .\n",
 				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
+		if (starts_with(found_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
 			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tremote-tracking branch '%s' of .\n",
 				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
 			goto cleanup;
@@ -476,43 +496,34 @@ static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
 	}
 	if (len) {
 		struct strbuf truname = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_addstr(&truname, "refs/heads/");
-		strbuf_addstr(&truname, remote);
+		strbuf_addf(&truname, "refs/heads/%s", remote);
 		strbuf_setlen(&truname, truname.len - len);
 		if (ref_exists(truname.buf)) {
 			strbuf_addf(msg,
 				    "%s\t\tbranch '%s'%s of .\n",
-				    sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.sha1),
+				    sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.oid.hash),
 				    truname.buf + 11,
 				    (early ? " (early part)" : ""));
 			strbuf_release(&truname);
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
+		strbuf_release(&truname);
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(remote, "FETCH_HEAD") &&
-			!access(git_path("FETCH_HEAD"), R_OK)) {
-		const char *filename;
-		FILE *fp;
-		struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
-		char *ptr;
-
-		filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
-		fp = fopen(filename, "r");
-		if (!fp)
-			die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"),
-				  filename);
-		strbuf_getline(&line, fp, '\n');
-		fclose(fp);
-		ptr = strstr(line.buf, "\tnot-for-merge\t");
-		if (ptr)
-			strbuf_remove(&line, ptr-line.buf+1, 13);
-		strbuf_addbuf(msg, &line);
-		strbuf_release(&line);
-		goto cleanup;
+	if (remote_head->util) {
+		struct merge_remote_desc *desc;
+		desc = merge_remote_util(remote_head);
+		if (desc && desc->obj && desc->obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\t%s '%s'\n",
+				    sha1_to_hex(desc->obj->oid.hash),
+				    typename(desc->obj->type),
+				    remote);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
 	}
+
 	strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tcommit '%s'\n",
-		sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.sha1), remote);
+		sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.oid.hash), remote);
 cleanup:
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	strbuf_release(&bname);
@@ -529,7 +540,7 @@ static void parse_branch_merge_options(char *bmo)
 	if (argc < 0)
 		die(_("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"), branch,
 		    split_cmdline_strerror(argc));
-	argv = xrealloc(argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 2));
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(argv, argc + 2);
 	memmove(argv + 1, argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 1));
 	argc++;
 	argv[0] = "branch.*.mergeoptions";
@@ -542,8 +553,8 @@ static int git_merge_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 {
 	int status;
 
-	if (branch && !prefixcmp(k, "branch.") &&
-		!prefixcmp(k + 7, branch) &&
+	if (branch && starts_with(k, "branch.") &&
+		starts_with(k + 7, branch) &&
 		!strcmp(k + 7 + strlen(branch), ".mergeoptions")) {
 		free(branch_mergeoptions);
 		branch_mergeoptions = xstrdup(v);
@@ -561,19 +572,25 @@ static int git_merge_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.ff")) {
 		int boolval = git_config_maybe_bool(k, v);
 		if (0 <= boolval) {
-			allow_fast_forward = boolval;
+			fast_forward = boolval ? FF_ALLOW : FF_NO;
 		} else if (v && !strcmp(v, "only")) {
-			allow_fast_forward = 1;
-			fast_forward_only = 1;
+			fast_forward = FF_ONLY;
 		} /* do not barf on values from future versions of git */
 		return 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.defaulttoupstream")) {
 		default_to_upstream = git_config_bool(k, v);
 		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(k, "commit.gpgsign")) {
+		sign_commit = git_config_bool(k, v) ? "" : NULL;
+		return 0;
 	}
+
 	status = fmt_merge_msg_config(k, v, cb);
 	if (status)
 		return status;
+	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
 	return git_diff_ui_config(k, v, cb);
 }
 
@@ -619,78 +636,22 @@ static void write_tree_trivial(unsigned char *sha1)
 		die(_("git write-tree failed to write a tree"));
 }
 
-static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	if (commit)
-		return sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
-	else
-		return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
-}
-
-int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
-		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
-		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
-{
-	const char **args;
-	int i = 0, x = 0, ret;
-	struct commit_list *j;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
-			commit_list_count(remotes)) * sizeof(char *));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
-	args[i++] = buf.buf;
-	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
-		char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
-		strcpy(s, "--");
-		strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
-		args[i++] = s;
-	}
-	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
-	args[i++] = "--";
-	args[i++] = head_arg;
-	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
-	args[i] = NULL;
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	i = 1;
-	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	i += 2;
-	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	free(args);
-	discard_cache();
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die(_("failed to read the cache"));
-	resolve_undo_clear();
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
+			      struct commit_list *remoteheads,
 			      struct commit *head, const char *head_arg)
 {
-	int index_fd;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	static struct lock_file lock;
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock, 1);
 	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 	if (active_cache_changed &&
-			(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			 commit_locked_index(lock)))
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		return error(_("Unable to write index."));
-	rollback_lock_file(lock);
+	rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 
 	if (!strcmp(strategy, "recursive") || !strcmp(strategy, "subtree")) {
 		int clean, x;
 		struct commit *result;
-		struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-		int index_fd;
 		struct commit_list *reversed = NULL;
 		struct merge_options o;
 		struct commit_list *j;
@@ -718,14 +679,13 @@ static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
 		for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
 			commit_list_insert(j->item, &reversed);
 
-		index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+		hold_locked_index(&lock, 1);
 		clean = merge_recursive(&o, head,
 				remoteheads->item, reversed, &result);
 		if (active_cache_changed &&
-				(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-				 commit_locked_index(lock)))
+		    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die (_("unable to write %s"), get_index_file());
-		rollback_lock_file(lock);
+		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 		return clean ? 0 : 1;
 	} else {
 		return try_merge_command(strategy, xopts_nr, xopts,
@@ -752,56 +712,6 @@ static int count_unmerged_entries(void)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head, const unsigned char *remote)
-{
-	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
-	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
-	int i, fd, nr_trees = 0;
-	struct dir_struct dir;
-	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-
-	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-
-	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-
-	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
-	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
-	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
-	if (overwrite_ignore) {
-		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
-		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
-		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
-		opts.dir = &dir;
-	}
-
-	opts.head_idx = 1;
-	opts.src_index = &the_index;
-	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
-	opts.update = 1;
-	opts.verbose_update = 1;
-	opts.merge = 1;
-	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
-	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
-
-	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
-	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
-		return -1;
-	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
-	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
-		return -1;
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
-		parse_tree(trees[i]);
-		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
-	}
-	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
-		return -1;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		commit_locked_index(lock_file))
-		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static void split_merge_strategies(const char *string, struct strategy **list,
 				   int *nr, int *alloc)
 {
@@ -848,7 +758,7 @@ static void add_strategies(const char *string, unsigned attr)
 
 static void write_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-	const char *filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
+	const char *filename = git_path_merge_msg();
 	int fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"),
@@ -860,119 +770,121 @@ static void write_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 
 static void read_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-	const char *filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
+	const char *filename = git_path_merge_msg();
 	strbuf_reset(msg);
 	if (strbuf_read_file(msg, filename, 0) < 0)
 		die_errno(_("Could not read from '%s'"), filename);
 }
 
-static void write_merge_state(void);
-static void abort_commit(const char *err_msg)
+static void write_merge_state(struct commit_list *);
+static void abort_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads, const char *err_msg)
 {
 	if (err_msg)
 		error("%s", err_msg);
 	fprintf(stderr,
 		_("Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"));
-	write_merge_state();
+	write_merge_state(remoteheads);
 	exit(1);
 }
 
-static void prepare_to_commit(void)
+static const char merge_editor_comment[] =
+N_("Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+   "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+   "\n"
+   "Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+   "the commit.\n");
+
+static void prepare_to_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 	strbuf_addbuf(&msg, &merge_msg);
 	strbuf_addch(&msg, '\n');
+	if (0 < option_edit)
+		strbuf_commented_addf(&msg, _(merge_editor_comment), comment_line_char);
 	write_merge_msg(&msg);
-	run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
-		 git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL);
-	if (option_edit) {
-		if (launch_editor(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), NULL, NULL))
-			abort_commit(NULL);
+	if (run_commit_hook(0 < option_edit, get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
+			    git_path_merge_msg(), "merge", NULL))
+		abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
+	if (0 < option_edit) {
+		if (launch_editor(git_path_merge_msg(), NULL, NULL))
+			abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
 	}
 	read_merge_msg(&msg);
-	stripspace(&msg, option_edit);
+	strbuf_stripspace(&msg, 0 < option_edit);
 	if (!msg.len)
-		abort_commit(_("Empty commit message."));
+		abort_commit(remoteheads, _("Empty commit message."));
 	strbuf_release(&merge_msg);
 	strbuf_addbuf(&merge_msg, &msg);
 	strbuf_release(&msg);
 }
 
-static int merge_trivial(struct commit *head)
+static int merge_trivial(struct commit *head, struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	unsigned char result_tree[20], result_commit[20];
-	struct commit_list *parent = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent));
+	struct commit_list *parents, **pptr = &parents;
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+
+	hold_locked_index(&lock, 1);
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+	if (active_cache_changed &&
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		return error(_("Unable to write index."));
+	rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 
 	write_tree_trivial(result_tree);
 	printf(_("Wonderful.\n"));
-	parent->item = head;
-	parent->next = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent->next));
-	parent->next->item = remoteheads->item;
-	parent->next->next = NULL;
-	prepare_to_commit();
-	if (commit_tree(&merge_msg, result_tree, parent, result_commit, NULL))
+	pptr = commit_list_append(head, pptr);
+	pptr = commit_list_append(remoteheads->item, pptr);
+	prepare_to_commit(remoteheads);
+	if (commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, merge_msg.len, result_tree, parents,
+			result_commit, NULL, sign_commit))
 		die(_("failed to write commit object"));
-	finish(head, result_commit, "In-index merge");
+	finish(head, remoteheads, result_commit, "In-index merge");
 	drop_save();
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int finish_automerge(struct commit *head,
+			    int head_subsumed,
 			    struct commit_list *common,
+			    struct commit_list *remoteheads,
 			    unsigned char *result_tree,
 			    const char *wt_strategy)
 {
-	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, *j;
+	struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	unsigned char result_commit[20];
 
 	free_commit_list(common);
-	if (allow_fast_forward) {
-		parents = remoteheads;
+	parents = remoteheads;
+	if (!head_subsumed || fast_forward == FF_NO)
 		commit_list_insert(head, &parents);
-		parents = reduce_heads(parents);
-	} else {
-		struct commit_list **pptr = &parents;
-
-		pptr = &commit_list_insert(head,
-				pptr)->next;
-		for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
-			pptr = &commit_list_insert(j->item, pptr)->next;
-	}
 	strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
-	prepare_to_commit();
-	free_commit_list(remoteheads);
-	if (commit_tree(&merge_msg, result_tree, parents, result_commit, NULL))
+	prepare_to_commit(remoteheads);
+	if (commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, merge_msg.len, result_tree, parents,
+			result_commit, NULL, sign_commit))
 		die(_("failed to write commit object"));
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Merge made by the '%s' strategy.", wt_strategy);
-	finish(head, result_commit, buf.buf);
+	finish(head, remoteheads, result_commit, buf.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	drop_save();
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int suggest_conflicts(int renormalizing)
+static int suggest_conflicts(void)
 {
 	const char *filename;
 	FILE *fp;
-	int pos;
+	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
+	filename = git_path_merge_msg();
 	fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 	if (!fp)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
-	fprintf(fp, "\nConflicts:\n");
-	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-
-		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
-			fprintf(fp, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
-			while (pos + 1 < active_nr &&
-					!strcmp(ce->name,
-						active_cache[pos + 1]->name))
-				pos++;
-		}
-	}
+
+	append_conflicts_hint(&msgbuf);
+	fputs(msgbuf.buf, fp);
+	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
 	fclose(fp);
 	rerere(allow_rerere_auto);
 	printf(_("Automatic merge failed; "
@@ -992,7 +904,7 @@ static struct commit *is_old_style_invocation(int argc, const char **argv,
 		second_token = lookup_commit_reference_gently(second_sha1, 0);
 		if (!second_token)
 			die(_("'%s' is not a commit"), argv[1]);
-		if (hashcmp(second_token->object.sha1, head))
+		if (hashcmp(second_token->object.oid.hash, head))
 			return NULL;
 	}
 	return second_token;
@@ -1022,7 +934,7 @@ static int evaluate_result(void)
 }
 
 /*
- * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the tracking
+ * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the remote-tracking
  * branch we have for the upstream of the current branch
  */
 static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
@@ -1033,15 +945,15 @@ static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
 
 	if (!branch)
 		die(_("No current branch."));
-	if (!branch->remote)
+	if (!branch->remote_name)
 		die(_("No remote for the current branch."));
 	if (!branch->merge_nr)
 		die(_("No default upstream defined for the current branch."));
 
-	args = xcalloc(branch->merge_nr + 1, sizeof(char *));
+	args = xcalloc(st_add(branch->merge_nr, 1), sizeof(char *));
 	for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
 		if (!branch->merge[i]->dst)
-			die(_("No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"),
+			die(_("No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"),
 			    branch->merge[i]->src, branch->remote_name);
 		args[i] = branch->merge[i]->dst;
 	}
@@ -1050,7 +962,7 @@ static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
 	return i;
 }
 
-static void write_merge_state(void)
+static void write_merge_state(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	const char *filename;
 	int fd;
@@ -1058,16 +970,16 @@ static void write_merge_state(void)
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next) {
-		unsigned const char *sha1;
+		struct object_id *oid;
 		struct commit *c = j->item;
 		if (c->util && merge_remote_util(c)->obj) {
-			sha1 = merge_remote_util(c)->obj->sha1;
+			oid = &merge_remote_util(c)->obj->oid;
 		} else {
-			sha1 = c->object.sha1;
+			oid = &c->object.oid;
 		}
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
 	}
-	filename = git_path("MERGE_HEAD");
+	filename = git_path_merge_head();
 	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
@@ -1077,18 +989,185 @@ static void write_merge_state(void)
 	strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
 	write_merge_msg(&merge_msg);
 
-	filename = git_path("MERGE_MODE");
+	filename = git_path_merge_mode();
 	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
-	if (!allow_fast_forward)
+	if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "no-ff");
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 		die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
 	close(fd);
 }
 
+static int default_edit_option(void)
+{
+	static const char name[] = "GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT";
+	const char *e = getenv(name);
+	struct stat st_stdin, st_stdout;
+
+	if (have_message)
+		/* an explicit -m msg without --[no-]edit */
+		return 0;
+
+	if (e) {
+		int v = git_config_maybe_bool(name, e);
+		if (v < 0)
+			die("Bad value '%s' in environment '%s'", e, name);
+		return v;
+	}
+
+	/* Use editor if stdin and stdout are the same and is a tty */
+	return (!fstat(0, &st_stdin) &&
+		!fstat(1, &st_stdout) &&
+		isatty(0) && isatty(1) &&
+		st_stdin.st_dev == st_stdout.st_dev &&
+		st_stdin.st_ino == st_stdout.st_ino &&
+		st_stdin.st_mode == st_stdout.st_mode);
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *reduce_parents(struct commit *head_commit,
+					  int *head_subsumed,
+					  struct commit_list *remoteheads)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents, **remotes;
+
+	/*
+	 * Is the current HEAD reachable from another commit being
+	 * merged?  If so we do not want to record it as a parent of
+	 * the resulting merge, unless --no-ff is given.  We will flip
+	 * this variable to 0 when we find HEAD among the independent
+	 * tips being merged.
+	 */
+	*head_subsumed = 1;
+
+	/* Find what parents to record by checking independent ones. */
+	parents = reduce_heads(remoteheads);
+
+	remoteheads = NULL;
+	remotes = &remoteheads;
+	while (parents) {
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&parents);
+		if (commit == head_commit)
+			*head_subsumed = 0;
+		else
+			remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+	}
+	return remoteheads;
+}
+
+static void prepare_merge_message(struct strbuf *merge_names, struct strbuf *merge_msg)
+{
+	struct fmt_merge_msg_opts opts;
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.add_title = !have_message;
+	opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
+	opts.credit_people = (0 < option_edit);
+
+	fmt_merge_msg(merge_names, merge_msg, &opts);
+	if (merge_msg->len)
+		strbuf_setlen(merge_msg, merge_msg->len - 1);
+}
+
+static void handle_fetch_head(struct commit_list **remotes, struct strbuf *merge_names)
+{
+	const char *filename;
+	int fd, pos, npos;
+	struct strbuf fetch_head_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!merge_names)
+		merge_names = &fetch_head_file;
+
+	filename = git_path_fetch_head();
+	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), filename);
+
+	if (strbuf_read(merge_names, fd, 0) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), filename);
+	if (close(fd) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not close '%s'"), filename);
+
+	for (pos = 0; pos < merge_names->len; pos = npos) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		char *ptr;
+		struct commit *commit;
+
+		ptr = strchr(merge_names->buf + pos, '\n');
+		if (ptr)
+			npos = ptr - merge_names->buf + 1;
+		else
+			npos = merge_names->len;
+
+		if (npos - pos < 40 + 2 ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(merge_names->buf + pos, sha1))
+			commit = NULL; /* bad */
+		else if (memcmp(merge_names->buf + pos + 40, "\t\t", 2))
+			continue; /* not-for-merge */
+		else {
+			char saved = merge_names->buf[pos + 40];
+			merge_names->buf[pos + 40] = '\0';
+			commit = get_merge_parent(merge_names->buf + pos);
+			merge_names->buf[pos + 40] = saved;
+		}
+		if (!commit) {
+			if (ptr)
+				*ptr = '\0';
+			die("not something we can merge in %s: %s",
+			    filename, merge_names->buf + pos);
+		}
+		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+	}
+
+	if (merge_names == &fetch_head_file)
+		strbuf_release(&fetch_head_file);
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *collect_parents(struct commit *head_commit,
+					   int *head_subsumed,
+					   int argc, const char **argv,
+					   struct strbuf *merge_msg)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct commit_list *remoteheads = NULL;
+	struct commit_list **remotes = &remoteheads;
+	struct strbuf merge_names = STRBUF_INIT, *autogen = NULL;
+
+	if (merge_msg && (!have_message || shortlog_len))
+		autogen = &merge_names;
+
+	if (head_commit)
+		remotes = &commit_list_insert(head_commit, remotes)->next;
+
+	if (argc == 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "FETCH_HEAD")) {
+		handle_fetch_head(remotes, autogen);
+		remoteheads = reduce_parents(head_commit, head_subsumed, remoteheads);
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+			struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
+			if (!commit)
+				help_unknown_ref(argv[i], "merge",
+						 "not something we can merge");
+			remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+		}
+		remoteheads = reduce_parents(head_commit, head_subsumed, remoteheads);
+		if (autogen) {
+			struct commit_list *p;
+			for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
+				merge_name(merge_remote_util(p->item)->name, autogen);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (autogen) {
+		prepare_merge_message(autogen, merge_msg);
+		strbuf_release(autogen);
+	}
+
+	return remoteheads;
+}
+
 int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	unsigned char result_tree[20];
@@ -1097,11 +1176,11 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct commit *head_commit;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *head_arg;
-	int flag, i, ret = 0;
+	int i, ret = 0, head_subsumed;
 	int best_cnt = -1, merge_was_ok = 0, automerge_was_ok = 0;
 	struct commit_list *common = NULL;
 	const char *best_strategy = NULL, *wt_strategy = NULL;
-	struct commit_list **remotes = &remoteheads;
+	struct commit_list *remoteheads, *p;
 	void *branch_to_free;
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
@@ -1111,14 +1190,15 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * Check if we are _not_ on a detached HEAD, i.e. if there is a
 	 * current branch.
 	 */
-	branch = branch_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, &flag);
-	if (branch && !prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/"))
+	branch = branch_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, NULL);
+	if (branch && starts_with(branch, "refs/heads/"))
 		branch += 11;
 	if (!branch || is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
 		head_commit = NULL;
 	else
 		head_commit = lookup_commit_or_die(head_sha1, "HEAD");
 
+	init_diff_ui_defaults();
 	git_config(git_merge_config, NULL);
 
 	if (branch_mergeoptions)
@@ -1135,7 +1215,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int nargc = 2;
 		const char *nargv[] = {"reset", "--merge", NULL};
 
-		if (!file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
+		if (!file_exists(git_path_merge_head()))
 			die(_("There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."));
 
 		/* Invoke 'git reset --merge' */
@@ -1146,21 +1226,21 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (read_cache_unmerged())
 		die_resolve_conflict("merge");
 
-	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"))) {
+	if (file_exists(git_path_merge_head())) {
 		/*
 		 * There is no unmerged entry, don't advise 'git
 		 * add/rm <file>', just 'git commit'.
 		 */
 		if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 			die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
-				  "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."));
+				  "Please, commit your changes before you merge."));
 		else
 			die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."));
 	}
-	if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"))) {
+	if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head())) {
 		if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 			die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
-			    "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."));
+			    "Please, commit your changes before you merge."));
 		else
 			die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."));
 	}
@@ -1170,67 +1250,67 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		show_diffstat = 0;
 
 	if (squash) {
-		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+		if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 			die(_("You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."));
 		option_commit = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!allow_fast_forward && fast_forward_only)
-		die(_("You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."));
-
-	if (!abort_current_merge) {
-		if (!argc) {
-			if (default_to_upstream)
-				argc = setup_with_upstream(&argv);
-			else
-				die(_("No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."));
-		} else if (argc == 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "-"))
-			argv[0] = "@{-1}";
+	if (!argc) {
+		if (default_to_upstream)
+			argc = setup_with_upstream(&argv);
+		else
+			die(_("No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."));
+	} else if (argc == 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "-")) {
+		argv[0] = "@{-1}";
 	}
+
 	if (!argc)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
 			builtin_merge_options);
 
-	/*
-	 * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
-	 * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
-	 * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
-	 * committish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
-	 * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
-	 * additional safety measure to check for it.
-	 */
-
-	if (!have_message && head_commit &&
-	    is_old_style_invocation(argc, argv, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
-		strbuf_addstr(&merge_msg, argv[0]);
-		head_arg = argv[1];
-		argv += 2;
-		argc -= 2;
-	} else if (!head_commit) {
-		struct commit *remote_head;
+	if (!head_commit) {
 		/*
 		 * If the merged head is a valid one there is no reason
 		 * to forbid "git merge" into a branch yet to be born.
 		 * We do the same for "git pull".
 		 */
-		if (argc != 1)
-			die(_("Can merge only exactly one commit into "
-				"empty head"));
+		unsigned char *remote_head_sha1;
 		if (squash)
 			die(_("Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"));
-		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+		if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 			die(_("Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into "
 			    "an empty head"));
-		remote_head = get_merge_parent(argv[0]);
-		if (!remote_head)
+		remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed,
+					      argc, argv, NULL);
+		if (!remoteheads)
 			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[0]);
-		read_empty(remote_head->object.sha1, 0);
-		update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", remote_head->object.sha1,
-			   NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+		if (remoteheads->next)
+			die(_("Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"));
+		remote_head_sha1 = remoteheads->item->object.oid.hash;
+		read_empty(remote_head_sha1, 0);
+		update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", remote_head_sha1,
+			   NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 		goto done;
-	} else {
-		struct strbuf merge_names = STRBUF_INIT;
+	}
 
+	/*
+	 * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
+	 * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
+	 * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
+	 * commit-ish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
+	 * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
+	 * additional safety measure to check for it.
+	 */
+	if (!have_message &&
+	    is_old_style_invocation(argc, argv, head_commit->object.oid.hash)) {
+		warning("old-style 'git merge <msg> HEAD <commit>' is deprecated.");
+		strbuf_addstr(&merge_msg, argv[0]);
+		head_arg = argv[1];
+		argv += 2;
+		argc -= 2;
+		remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed,
+					      argc, argv, NULL);
+	} else {
 		/* We are invoked directly as the first-class UI. */
 		head_arg = "HEAD";
 
@@ -1239,50 +1319,70 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 * the standard merge summary message to be appended
 		 * to the given message.
 		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-			merge_name(argv[i], &merge_names);
-
-		if (!have_message || shortlog_len) {
-			struct fmt_merge_msg_opts opts;
-			memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
-			opts.add_title = !have_message;
-			opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
-
-			fmt_merge_msg(&merge_names, &merge_msg, &opts);
-			if (merge_msg.len)
-				strbuf_setlen(&merge_msg, merge_msg.len - 1);
-		}
+		remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed,
+					      argc, argv, &merge_msg);
 	}
 
 	if (!head_commit || !argc)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
 			builtin_merge_options);
 
+	if (verify_signatures) {
+		for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
+			struct commit *commit = p->item;
+			char hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
+			struct signature_check signature_check;
+			memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
+
+			check_commit_signature(commit, &signature_check);
+
+			find_unique_abbrev_r(hex, commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+			switch (signature_check.result) {
+			case 'G':
+				break;
+			case 'U':
+				die(_("Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			case 'B':
+				die(_("Commit %s has a bad GPG signature "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			default: /* 'N' */
+				die(_("Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."), hex);
+			}
+			if (verbosity >= 0 && signature_check.result == 'G')
+				printf(_("Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"),
+				       hex, signature_check.signer);
+
+			signature_check_clear(&signature_check);
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "merge");
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", argv[i]);
+	for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", merge_remote_util(p->item)->name);
 	setenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION", buf.buf, 0);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-		struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
-		if (!commit)
-			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[i]);
-		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+	for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = p->item;
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "GITHEAD_%s",
-			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-		setenv(buf.buf, argv[i], 1);
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.oid.hash));
+		setenv(buf.buf, merge_remote_util(commit)->name, 1);
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		if (merge_remote_util(commit) &&
+		if (fast_forward != FF_ONLY &&
+		    merge_remote_util(commit) &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj &&
-		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			option_edit = 1;
-			allow_fast_forward = 0;
-		}
+		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 	}
 
+	if (option_edit < 0)
+		option_edit = default_edit_option();
+
 	if (!use_strategies) {
-		if (!remoteheads->next)
+		if (!remoteheads)
+			; /* already up-to-date */
+		else if (!remoteheads->next)
 			add_strategies(pull_twohead, DEFAULT_TWOHEAD);
 		else
 			add_strategies(pull_octopus, DEFAULT_OCTOPUS);
@@ -1290,13 +1390,15 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < use_strategies_nr; i++) {
 		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_FAST_FORWARD)
-			allow_fast_forward = 0;
+			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_TRIVIAL)
 			allow_trivial = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!remoteheads->next)
-		common = get_merge_bases(head_commit, remoteheads->item, 1);
+	if (!remoteheads)
+		; /* already up-to-date */
+	else if (!remoteheads->next)
+		common = get_merge_bases(head_commit, remoteheads->item);
 	else {
 		struct commit_list *list = remoteheads;
 		commit_list_insert(head_commit, &list);
@@ -1304,34 +1406,38 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		free(list);
 	}
 
-	update_ref("updating ORIG_HEAD", "ORIG_HEAD", head_commit->object.sha1,
-		   NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
-
-	if (!common)
-		; /* No common ancestors found. We need a real merge. */
-	else if (!remoteheads->next && !common->next &&
-			common->item == remoteheads->item) {
+	update_ref("updating ORIG_HEAD", "ORIG_HEAD", head_commit->object.oid.hash,
+		   NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	if (remoteheads && !common) {
+		/* No common ancestors found. */
+		if (!allow_unrelated_histories)
+			die(_("refusing to merge unrelated histories"));
+		/* otherwise, we need a real merge. */
+	} else if (!remoteheads ||
+		 (!remoteheads->next && !common->next &&
+		  common->item == remoteheads->item)) {
 		/*
 		 * If head can reach all the merge then we are up to date.
 		 * but first the most common case of merging one remote.
 		 */
 		finish_up_to_date("Already up-to-date.");
 		goto done;
-	} else if (allow_fast_forward && !remoteheads->next &&
+	} else if (fast_forward != FF_NO && !remoteheads->next &&
 			!common->next &&
-			!hashcmp(common->item->object.sha1, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
+			!hashcmp(common->item->object.oid.hash, head_commit->object.oid.hash)) {
 		/* Again the most common case of merging one remote. */
 		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct commit *commit;
-		char hex[41];
-
-		strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(head_commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
-		if (verbosity >= 0)
-			printf(_("Updating %s..%s\n"),
-				hex,
-				find_unique_abbrev(remoteheads->item->object.sha1,
-				DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		if (verbosity >= 0) {
+			char from[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1], to[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
+			find_unique_abbrev_r(from, head_commit->object.oid.hash,
+					      DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+			find_unique_abbrev_r(to, remoteheads->item->object.oid.hash,
+					      DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+			printf(_("Updating %s..%s\n"), from, to);
+		}
 		strbuf_addstr(&msg, "Fast-forward");
 		if (have_message)
 			strbuf_addstr(&msg,
@@ -1342,13 +1448,14 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			goto done;
 		}
 
-		if (checkout_fast_forward(head_commit->object.sha1,
-					  commit->object.sha1)) {
+		if (checkout_fast_forward(head_commit->object.oid.hash,
+					  commit->object.oid.hash,
+					  overwrite_ignore)) {
 			ret = 1;
 			goto done;
 		}
 
-		finish(head_commit, commit->object.sha1, msg.buf);
+		finish(head_commit, remoteheads, commit->object.oid.hash, msg.buf);
 		drop_save();
 		goto done;
 	} else if (!remoteheads->next && common->next)
@@ -1363,14 +1470,14 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 * only one common.
 		 */
 		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-		if (allow_trivial && !fast_forward_only) {
+		if (allow_trivial && fast_forward != FF_ONLY) {
 			/* See if it is really trivial. */
-			git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+			git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
 			printf(_("Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"));
-			if (!read_tree_trivial(common->item->object.sha1,
-					       head_commit->object.sha1,
-					       remoteheads->item->object.sha1)) {
-				ret = merge_trivial(head_commit);
+			if (!read_tree_trivial(common->item->object.oid.hash,
+					       head_commit->object.oid.hash,
+					       remoteheads->item->object.oid.hash)) {
+				ret = merge_trivial(head_commit, remoteheads);
 				goto done;
 			}
 			printf(_("Nope.\n"));
@@ -1391,9 +1498,9 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			 * merge_bases again, otherwise "git merge HEAD^
 			 * HEAD^^" would be missed.
 			 */
-			common_one = get_merge_bases(head_commit, j->item, 1);
-			if (hashcmp(common_one->item->object.sha1,
-				j->item->object.sha1)) {
+			common_one = get_merge_bases(head_commit, j->item);
+			if (hashcmp(common_one->item->object.oid.hash,
+				j->item->object.oid.hash)) {
 				up_to_date = 0;
 				break;
 			}
@@ -1404,11 +1511,11 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (fast_forward_only)
+	if (fast_forward == FF_ONLY)
 		die(_("Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."));
 
 	/* We are going to make a new commit. */
-	git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+	git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
 
 	/*
 	 * At this point, we need a real merge.  No matter what strategy
@@ -1429,7 +1536,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int ret;
 		if (i) {
 			printf(_("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"));
-			restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
+			restore_state(head_commit->object.oid.hash, stash);
 		}
 		if (use_strategies_nr != 1)
 			printf(_("Trying merge strategy %s...\n"),
@@ -1441,7 +1548,8 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		wt_strategy = use_strategies[i]->name;
 
 		ret = try_merge_strategy(use_strategies[i]->name,
-					 common, head_commit, head_arg);
+					 common, remoteheads,
+					 head_commit, head_arg);
 		if (!option_commit && !ret) {
 			merge_was_ok = 1;
 			/*
@@ -1483,8 +1591,9 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * auto resolved the merge cleanly.
 	 */
 	if (automerge_was_ok) {
-		ret = finish_automerge(head_commit, common, result_tree,
-				       wt_strategy);
+		ret = finish_automerge(head_commit, head_subsumed,
+				       common, remoteheads,
+				       result_tree, wt_strategy);
 		goto done;
 	}
 
@@ -1493,7 +1602,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * it up.
 	 */
 	if (!best_strategy) {
-		restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
+		restore_state(head_commit->object.oid.hash, stash);
 		if (use_strategies_nr > 1)
 			fprintf(stderr,
 				_("No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"));
@@ -1506,22 +1615,23 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		; /* We already have its result in the working tree. */
 	else {
 		printf(_("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"));
-		restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
+		restore_state(head_commit->object.oid.hash, stash);
 		printf(_("Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"),
 			best_strategy);
-		try_merge_strategy(best_strategy, common, head_commit, head_arg);
+		try_merge_strategy(best_strategy, common, remoteheads,
+				   head_commit, head_arg);
 	}
 
 	if (squash)
-		finish(head_commit, NULL, NULL);
+		finish(head_commit, remoteheads, NULL, NULL);
 	else
-		write_merge_state();
+		write_merge_state(remoteheads);
 
 	if (merge_was_ok)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Automatic merge went well; "
 			"stopped before committing as requested\n"));
 	else
-		ret = suggest_conflicts(option_renormalize);
+		ret = suggest_conflicts();
 
 done:
 	free(branch_to_free);
diff --git a/builtin/mktag.c b/builtin/mktag.c
index 640ab64f41..031b750f06 100644
--- a/builtin/mktag.c
+++ b/builtin/mktag.c
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ int cmd_mktag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	unsigned char result_sha1[20];
 
 	if (argc != 1)
-		usage("git mktag < signaturefile");
+		usage("git mktag");
 
 	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 4096) < 0) {
 		die_errno("could not read from stdin");
diff --git a/builtin/mktree.c b/builtin/mktree.c
index 4ae1c412d4..4282b62c59 100644
--- a/builtin/mktree.c
+++ b/builtin/mktree.c
@@ -19,19 +19,17 @@ static int alloc, used;
 static void append_to_tree(unsigned mode, unsigned char *sha1, char *path)
 {
 	struct treeent *ent;
-	int len = strlen(path);
+	size_t len = strlen(path);
 	if (strchr(path, '/'))
 		die("path %s contains slash", path);
 
-	if (alloc <= used) {
-		alloc = alloc_nr(used);
-		entries = xrealloc(entries, sizeof(*entries) * alloc);
-	}
-	ent = entries[used++] = xmalloc(sizeof(**entries) + len + 1);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(ent, name, path, len);
 	ent->mode = mode;
 	ent->len = len;
 	hashcpy(ent->sha1, sha1);
-	memcpy(ent->name, path, len+1);
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(entries, used + 1, alloc);
+	entries[used++] = ent;
 }
 
 static int ent_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -64,11 +62,11 @@ static void write_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
 }
 
 static const char *mktree_usage[] = {
-	"git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]",
+	N_("git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static void mktree_line(char *buf, size_t len, int line_termination, int allow_missing)
+static void mktree_line(char *buf, size_t len, int nul_term_line, int allow_missing)
 {
 	char *ptr, *ntr;
 	unsigned mode;
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ static void mktree_line(char *buf, size_t len, int line_termination, int allow_m
 	*ntr++ = 0; /* now at the beginning of SHA1 */
 
 	path = ntr + 41;  /* at the beginning of name */
-	if (line_termination && path[0] == '"') {
+	if (!nul_term_line && path[0] == '"') {
 		struct strbuf p_uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 		if (unquote_c_style(&p_uq, path, NULL))
 			die("invalid quoting");
@@ -144,23 +142,25 @@ int cmd_mktree(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int line_termination = '\n';
+	int nul_term_line = 0;
 	int allow_missing = 0;
 	int is_batch_mode = 0;
 	int got_eof = 0;
+	strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn;
 
 	const struct option option[] = {
-		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination, "input is NUL terminated", '\0'),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "missing", &allow_missing, "allow missing objects", 1),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "batch", &is_batch_mode, "allow creation of more than one tree", 1),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line, N_("input is NUL terminated")),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "missing", &allow_missing, N_("allow missing objects"), 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "batch", &is_batch_mode, N_("allow creation of more than one tree"), 1),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, option, mktree_usage, 0);
+	getline_fn = nul_term_line ? strbuf_getline_nul : strbuf_getline_lf;
 
 	while (!got_eof) {
 		while (1) {
-			if (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, line_termination) == EOF) {
+			if (getline_fn(&sb, stdin) == EOF) {
 				got_eof = 1;
 				break;
 			}
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ int cmd_mktree(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 					break;
 				die("input format error: (blank line only valid in batch mode)");
 			}
-			mktree_line(sb.buf, sb.len, line_termination, allow_missing);
+			mktree_line(sb.buf, sb.len, nul_term_line, allow_missing);
 		}
 		if (is_batch_mode && got_eof && used < 1) {
 			/*
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index 2a144b011c..a2014266b6 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -3,33 +3,40 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006 Johannes Schindelin
  */
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_mv_usage[] = {
-	"git mv [options] <source>... <destination>",
+	N_("git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static const char **copy_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
-				  int count, int base_name)
+#define DUP_BASENAME 1
+#define KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH 2
+
+static const char **internal_copy_pathspec(const char *prefix,
+					   const char **pathspec,
+					   int count, unsigned flags)
 {
 	int i;
-	const char **result = xmalloc((count + 1) * sizeof(const char *));
+	const char **result;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(result, count + 1);
 	memcpy(result, pathspec, count * sizeof(const char *));
 	result[count] = NULL;
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		int length = strlen(result[i]);
 		int to_copy = length;
-		while (to_copy > 0 && is_dir_sep(result[i][to_copy - 1]))
+		while (!(flags & KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH) &&
+		       to_copy > 0 && is_dir_sep(result[i][to_copy - 1]))
 			to_copy--;
-		if (to_copy != length || base_name) {
+		if (to_copy != length || flags & DUP_BASENAME) {
 			char *it = xmemdupz(result[i], to_copy);
-			if (base_name) {
+			if (flags & DUP_BASENAME) {
 				result[i] = xstrdup(basename(it));
 				free(it);
 			} else
@@ -41,9 +48,9 @@ static const char **copy_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
 
 static const char *add_slash(const char *path)
 {
-	int len = strlen(path);
+	size_t len = strlen(path);
 	if (path[len - 1] != '/') {
-		char *with_slash = xmalloc(len + 2);
+		char *with_slash = xmalloc(st_add(len, 2));
 		memcpy(with_slash, path, len);
 		with_slash[len++] = '/';
 		with_slash[len] = 0;
@@ -53,23 +60,65 @@ static const char *add_slash(const char *path)
 }
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
+#define SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR ((const char *)1)
+
+static void prepare_move_submodule(const char *src, int first,
+				   const char **submodule_gitfile)
+{
+	struct strbuf submodule_dotgit = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (!S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[first]->ce_mode))
+		die(_("Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"), src);
+	if (!is_staging_gitmodules_ok())
+		die(_("Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"));
+	strbuf_addf(&submodule_dotgit, "%s/.git", src);
+	*submodule_gitfile = read_gitfile(submodule_dotgit.buf);
+	if (*submodule_gitfile)
+		*submodule_gitfile = xstrdup(*submodule_gitfile);
+	else
+		*submodule_gitfile = SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR;
+	strbuf_release(&submodule_dotgit);
+}
+
+static int index_range_of_same_dir(const char *src, int length,
+				   int *first_p, int *last_p)
+{
+	const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
+	int first, last, len_w_slash = length + 1;
+
+	first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
+	if (first >= 0)
+		die(_("%.*s is in index"), len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
+
+	first = -1 - first;
+	for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
+		const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
+		if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
+			break;
+	}
+	if (src_w_slash != src)
+		free((char *)src_w_slash);
+	*first_p = first;
+	*last_p = last;
+	return last - first;
+}
 
 int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd;
+	int i, gitmodules_modified = 0;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0, ignore_errors = 0;
 	struct option builtin_mv_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "force move/rename even if target exists"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, "skip move/rename errors"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force move/rename even if target exists")),
+		OPT_BOOL('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, N_("skip move/rename errors")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
-	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path;
+	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path, **submodule_gitfile;
 	enum update_mode { BOTH = 0, WORKING_DIRECTORY, INDEX } *modes;
 	struct stat st;
 	struct string_list src_for_dst = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_mv_options,
@@ -77,24 +126,30 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (--argc < 1)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_mv_usage, builtin_mv_options);
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	source = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
+	source = internal_copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
 	modes = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(enum update_mode));
-	dest_path = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1, 0);
+	/*
+	 * Keep trailing slash, needed to let
+	 * "git mv file no-such-dir/" error out.
+	 */
+	dest_path = internal_copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1,
+					   KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH);
+	submodule_gitfile = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(char *));
 
 	if (dest_path[0][0] == '\0')
 		/* special case: "." was normalized to "" */
-		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+		destination = internal_copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, DUP_BASENAME);
 	else if (!lstat(dest_path[0], &st) &&
 			S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 		dest_path[0] = add_slash(dest_path[0]);
-		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+		destination = internal_copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, DUP_BASENAME);
 	} else {
 		if (argc != 1)
-			die("destination '%s' is not a directory", dest_path[0]);
+			die(_("destination '%s' is not a directory"), dest_path[0]);
 		destination = dest_path;
 	}
 
@@ -117,59 +172,41 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				&& lstat(dst, &st) == 0)
 			bad = _("cannot move directory over file");
 		else if (src_is_dir) {
-			const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
-			int len_w_slash = length + 1;
-			int first, last;
-
-			modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
+			int first = cache_name_pos(src, length), last;
 
-			first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
 			if (first >= 0)
-				die (_("Huh? %.*s is in index?"),
-						len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
-
-			first = -1 - first;
-			for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
-				const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
-				if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
-					break;
-			}
-			free((char *)src_w_slash);
-
-			if (last - first < 1)
+				prepare_move_submodule(src, first,
+						       submodule_gitfile + i);
+			else if (index_range_of_same_dir(src, length,
+							 &first, &last) < 1)
 				bad = _("source directory is empty");
-			else {
-				int j, dst_len;
-
-				if (last - first > 0) {
-					source = xrealloc(source,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(char *));
-					destination = xrealloc(destination,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(char *));
-					modes = xrealloc(modes,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(enum update_mode));
-				}
+			else { /* last - first >= 1 */
+				int j, dst_len, n;
+
+				modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
+				n = argc + last - first;
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(source, n);
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(destination, n);
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(modes, n);
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(submodule_gitfile, n);
 
 				dst = add_slash(dst);
 				dst_len = strlen(dst);
 
 				for (j = 0; j < last - first; j++) {
-					const char *path =
-						active_cache[first + j]->name;
+					const char *path = active_cache[first + j]->name;
 					source[argc + j] = path;
 					destination[argc + j] =
-						prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
-							path + length + 1);
+						prefix_path(dst, dst_len, path + length + 1);
 					modes[argc + j] = INDEX;
+					submodule_gitfile[argc + j] = NULL;
 				}
 				argc += last - first;
 			}
 		} else if (cache_name_pos(src, length) < 0)
 			bad = _("not under version control");
-		else if (lstat(dst, &st) == 0) {
+		else if (lstat(dst, &st) == 0 &&
+			 (!ignore_case || strcasecmp(src, dst))) {
 			bad = _("destination exists");
 			if (force) {
 				/*
@@ -185,22 +222,27 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 		} else if (string_list_has_string(&src_for_dst, dst))
 			bad = _("multiple sources for the same target");
+		else if (is_dir_sep(dst[strlen(dst) - 1]))
+			bad = _("destination directory does not exist");
 		else
 			string_list_insert(&src_for_dst, dst);
 
-		if (bad) {
-			if (ignore_errors) {
-				if (--argc > 0) {
-					memmove(source + i, source + i + 1,
-						(argc - i) * sizeof(char *));
-					memmove(destination + i,
-						destination + i + 1,
-						(argc - i) * sizeof(char *));
-					i--;
-				}
-			} else
-				die (_("%s, source=%s, destination=%s"),
-				     bad, src, dst);
+		if (!bad)
+			continue;
+		if (!ignore_errors)
+			die(_("%s, source=%s, destination=%s"),
+			     bad, src, dst);
+		if (--argc > 0) {
+			int n = argc - i;
+			memmove(source + i, source + i + 1,
+				n * sizeof(char *));
+			memmove(destination + i, destination + i + 1,
+				n * sizeof(char *));
+			memmove(modes + i, modes + i + 1,
+				n * sizeof(enum update_mode));
+			memmove(submodule_gitfile + i, submodule_gitfile + i + 1,
+				n * sizeof(char *));
+			i--;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -210,9 +252,19 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int pos;
 		if (show_only || verbose)
 			printf(_("Renaming %s to %s\n"), src, dst);
-		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX &&
-				rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
-			die_errno (_("renaming '%s' failed"), src);
+		if (show_only)
+			continue;
+		if (mode != INDEX && rename(src, dst) < 0) {
+			if (ignore_errors)
+				continue;
+			die_errno(_("renaming '%s' failed"), src);
+		}
+		if (submodule_gitfile[i]) {
+			if (submodule_gitfile[i] != SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR)
+				connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(dst, submodule_gitfile[i]);
+			if (!update_path_in_gitmodules(src, dst))
+				gitmodules_modified = 1;
+		}
 
 		if (mode == WORKING_DIRECTORY)
 			continue;
@@ -223,11 +275,12 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			rename_cache_entry_at(pos, dst);
 	}
 
-	if (active_cache_changed) {
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
-			die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
-	}
+	if (gitmodules_modified)
+		stage_updated_gitmodules();
+
+	if (active_cache_changed &&
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/name-rev.c b/builtin/name-rev.c
index 1b374583c2..57be35faf5 100644
--- a/builtin/name-rev.c
+++ b/builtin/name-rev.c
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
 
 #define CUTOFF_DATE_SLOP 86400 /* one day */
 
 typedef struct rev_name {
 	const char *tip_name;
+	unsigned long taggerdate;
 	int generation;
 	int distance;
 } rev_name;
@@ -19,24 +21,21 @@ static long cutoff = LONG_MAX;
 #define MERGE_TRAVERSAL_WEIGHT 65535
 
 static void name_rev(struct commit *commit,
-		const char *tip_name, int generation, int distance,
+		const char *tip_name, unsigned long taggerdate,
+		int generation, int distance,
 		int deref)
 {
 	struct rev_name *name = (struct rev_name *)commit->util;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
 	int parent_number = 1;
 
-	if (!commit->object.parsed)
-		parse_commit(commit);
+	parse_commit(commit);
 
 	if (commit->date < cutoff)
 		return;
 
 	if (deref) {
-		char *new_name = xmalloc(strlen(tip_name)+3);
-		strcpy(new_name, tip_name);
-		strcat(new_name, "^0");
-		tip_name = new_name;
+		tip_name = xstrfmt("%s^0", tip_name);
 
 		if (generation)
 			die("generation: %d, but deref?", generation);
@@ -46,9 +45,12 @@ static void name_rev(struct commit *commit,
 		name = xmalloc(sizeof(rev_name));
 		commit->util = name;
 		goto copy_data;
-	} else if (name->distance > distance) {
+	} else if (name->taggerdate > taggerdate ||
+			(name->taggerdate == taggerdate &&
+			 name->distance > distance)) {
 copy_data:
 		name->tip_name = tip_name;
+		name->taggerdate = taggerdate;
 		name->generation = generation;
 		name->distance = distance;
 	} else
@@ -58,72 +60,153 @@ copy_data:
 			parents;
 			parents = parents->next, parent_number++) {
 		if (parent_number > 1) {
-			int len = strlen(tip_name);
-			char *new_name = xmalloc(len +
-				1 + decimal_length(generation) +  /* ~<n> */
-				1 + 2 +				  /* ^NN */
-				1);
-
-			if (len > 2 && !strcmp(tip_name + len - 2, "^0"))
-				len -= 2;
+			size_t len;
+			char *new_name;
+
+			strip_suffix(tip_name, "^0", &len);
 			if (generation > 0)
-				sprintf(new_name, "%.*s~%d^%d", len, tip_name,
-						generation, parent_number);
+				new_name = xstrfmt("%.*s~%d^%d", (int)len, tip_name,
+						   generation, parent_number);
 			else
-				sprintf(new_name, "%.*s^%d", len, tip_name,
-						parent_number);
+				new_name = xstrfmt("%.*s^%d", (int)len, tip_name,
+						   parent_number);
 
-			name_rev(parents->item, new_name, 0,
+			name_rev(parents->item, new_name, taggerdate, 0,
 				distance + MERGE_TRAVERSAL_WEIGHT, 0);
 		} else {
-			name_rev(parents->item, tip_name, generation + 1,
-				distance + 1, 0);
+			name_rev(parents->item, tip_name, taggerdate,
+				generation + 1, distance + 1, 0);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+static int subpath_matches(const char *path, const char *filter)
+{
+	const char *subpath = path;
+
+	while (subpath) {
+		if (!wildmatch(filter, subpath, 0, NULL))
+			return subpath - path;
+		subpath = strchr(subpath, '/');
+		if (subpath)
+			subpath++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char *name_ref_abbrev(const char *refname, int shorten_unambiguous)
+{
+	if (shorten_unambiguous)
+		refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
+	else if (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		refname = refname + 11;
+	else if (starts_with(refname, "refs/"))
+		refname = refname + 5;
+	return refname;
+}
+
 struct name_ref_data {
 	int tags_only;
 	int name_only;
 	const char *ref_filter;
 };
 
-static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+static struct tip_table {
+	struct tip_table_entry {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *refname;
+	} *table;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+	int sorted;
+} tip_table;
+
+static void add_to_tip_table(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *refname,
+			     int shorten_unambiguous)
 {
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	refname = name_ref_abbrev(refname, shorten_unambiguous);
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(tip_table.table, tip_table.nr + 1, tip_table.alloc);
+	hashcpy(tip_table.table[tip_table.nr].sha1, sha1);
+	tip_table.table[tip_table.nr].refname = xstrdup(refname);
+	tip_table.nr++;
+	tip_table.sorted = 0;
+}
+
+static int tipcmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct tip_table_entry *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	return hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
+}
+
+static int name_ref(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(oid->hash);
 	struct name_ref_data *data = cb_data;
+	int can_abbreviate_output = data->tags_only && data->name_only;
 	int deref = 0;
+	unsigned long taggerdate = ULONG_MAX;
 
-	if (data->tags_only && prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
+	if (data->tags_only && !starts_with(path, "refs/tags/"))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (data->ref_filter && fnmatch(data->ref_filter, path, 0))
-		return 0;
+	if (data->ref_filter) {
+		switch (subpath_matches(path, data->ref_filter)) {
+		case -1: /* did not match */
+			return 0;
+		case 0:  /* matched fully */
+			break;
+		default: /* matched subpath */
+			can_abbreviate_output = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	add_to_tip_table(oid->hash, path, can_abbreviate_output);
 
 	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
 		if (!t->tagged)
 			break; /* broken repository */
-		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
+		o = parse_object(t->tagged->oid.hash);
 		deref = 1;
+		taggerdate = t->date;
 	}
 	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/heads/"))
-			path = path + 11;
-		else if (data->tags_only
-		    && data->name_only
-		    && !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
-			path = path + 10;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/"))
-			path = path + 5;
-
-		name_rev(commit, xstrdup(path), 0, 0, deref);
+		path = name_ref_abbrev(path, can_abbreviate_output);
+		name_rev(commit, xstrdup(path), taggerdate, 0, 0, deref);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static const unsigned char *nth_tip_table_ent(size_t ix, void *table_)
+{
+	struct tip_table_entry *table = table_;
+	return table[ix].sha1;
+}
+
+static const char *get_exact_ref_match(const struct object *o)
+{
+	int found;
+
+	if (!tip_table.table || !tip_table.nr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!tip_table.sorted) {
+		qsort(tip_table.table, tip_table.nr, sizeof(*tip_table.table),
+		      tipcmp);
+		tip_table.sorted = 1;
+	}
+
+	found = sha1_pos(o->oid.hash, tip_table.table, tip_table.nr,
+			 nth_tip_table_ent);
+	if (0 <= found)
+		return tip_table.table[found].refname;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 /* returns a static buffer */
 static const char *get_rev_name(const struct object *o)
 {
@@ -132,7 +215,7 @@ static const char *get_rev_name(const struct object *o)
 	struct commit *c;
 
 	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
-		return NULL;
+		return get_exact_ref_match(o);
 	c = (struct commit *) o;
 	n = c->util;
 	if (!n)
@@ -156,25 +239,25 @@ static void show_name(const struct object *obj,
 		      int always, int allow_undefined, int name_only)
 {
 	const char *name;
-	const unsigned char *sha1 = obj->sha1;
+	const struct object_id *oid = &obj->oid;
 
 	if (!name_only)
-		printf("%s ", caller_name ? caller_name : sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		printf("%s ", caller_name ? caller_name : oid_to_hex(oid));
 	name = get_rev_name(obj);
 	if (name)
 		printf("%s\n", name);
 	else if (allow_undefined)
 		printf("undefined\n");
 	else if (always)
-		printf("%s\n", find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		printf("%s\n", find_unique_abbrev(oid->hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	else
-		die("cannot describe '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		die("cannot describe '%s'", oid_to_hex(oid));
 }
 
 static char const * const name_rev_usage[] = {
-	"git name-rev [options] <commit>...",
-	"git name-rev [options] --all",
-	"git name-rev [options] --stdin",
+	N_("git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."),
+	N_("git name-rev [<options>] --all"),
+	N_("git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -223,25 +306,31 @@ static void name_rev_line(char *p, struct name_ref_data *data)
 int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct object_array revs = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0;
+	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0, peel_tag = 0;
 	struct name_ref_data data = { 0, 0, NULL };
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, "print only names (no SHA-1)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, "only use tags to name the commits"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, "pattern",
-				   "only use refs matching <pattern>"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only names (no SHA-1)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, N_("only use tags to name the commits")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, N_("pattern"),
+				   N_("only use refs matching <pattern>")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all, "list all commits reachable from all refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, "read from stdin"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, "allow to print `undefined` names"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
-			   "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all, N_("list all commits reachable from all refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, N_("read from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, N_("allow to print `undefined` names (default)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "always",     &always,
+			   N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		{
+			/* A Hidden OPT_BOOL */
+			OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "peel-tag", &peel_tag, NULL,
+			N_("dereference tags in the input (internal use)"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1,
+		},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, name_rev_usage, 0);
-	if (!!all + !!transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
+	if (all + transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
 		error("Specify either a list, or --all, not both!");
 		usage_with_options(name_rev_usage, opts);
 	}
@@ -250,7 +339,7 @@ int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	for (; argc; argc--, argv++) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct object *o;
+		struct object *object;
 		struct commit *commit;
 
 		if (get_sha1(*argv, sha1)) {
@@ -259,17 +348,34 @@ int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), *argv, 0);
-		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+		commit = NULL;
+		object = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (object) {
+			struct object *peeled = deref_tag(object, *argv, 0);
+			if (peeled && peeled->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+				commit = (struct commit *)peeled;
+		}
+
+		if (!object) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get object for %s. Skipping.\n",
 					*argv);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		commit = (struct commit *)o;
-		if (cutoff > commit->date)
-			cutoff = commit->date;
-		add_object_array((struct object *)commit, *argv, &revs);
+		if (commit) {
+			if (cutoff > commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+
+		if (peel_tag) {
+			if (!commit) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+					*argv);
+				continue;
+			}
+			object = (struct object *)commit;
+		}
+		add_object_array(object, *argv, &revs);
 	}
 
 	if (cutoff)
diff --git a/builtin/notes.c b/builtin/notes.c
index 3644d140ec..c65b59ad9a 100644
--- a/builtin/notes.c
+++ b/builtin/notes.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2010 Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
  *
  * Based on git-notes.sh by Johannes Schindelin,
- * and builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg and Carlos Rica.
+ * and builtin/tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg and Carlos Rica.
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
@@ -18,88 +18,97 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
 
 static const char * const git_notes_usage[] = {
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>",
-	"git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]",
-	"git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref",
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"),
+	N_("git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"),
+	N_("git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_list_usage[] = {
-	"git notes [list [<object>]]",
+	N_("git notes [list [<object>]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_add_usage[] = {
-	"git notes add [<options>] [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_copy_usage[] = {
-	"git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>",
-	"git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]...",
+	N_("git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"),
+	N_("git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_append_usage[] = {
-	"git notes append [<options>] [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_edit_usage[] = {
-	"git notes edit [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes edit [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_show_usage[] = {
-	"git notes show [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes show [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_merge_usage[] = {
-	"git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>",
-	"git notes merge --commit [<options>]",
-	"git notes merge --abort [<options>]",
+	N_("git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"),
+	N_("git notes merge --commit [<options>]"),
+	N_("git notes merge --abort [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_remove_usage[] = {
-	"git notes remove [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes remove [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_prune_usage[] = {
-	"git notes prune [<options>]",
+	N_("git notes prune [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_get_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git notes get-ref",
+	N_("git notes get-ref"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char note_template[] =
-	"\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write/edit the notes for the following object:\n"
-	"#\n";
+	"\nWrite/edit the notes for the following object:\n";
 
-struct msg_arg {
+struct note_data {
 	int given;
 	int use_editor;
+	char *edit_path;
 	struct strbuf buf;
 };
 
+static void free_note_data(struct note_data *d)
+{
+	if (d->edit_path) {
+		unlink_or_warn(d->edit_path);
+		free(d->edit_path);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&d->buf);
+}
+
 static int list_each_note(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
 		void *cb_data)
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ static int list_each_note(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_note_data(int fd, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static void copy_obj_to_fd(int fd, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
@@ -124,12 +133,11 @@ static void write_commented_object(int fd, const unsigned char *object)
 {
 	const char *show_args[5] =
 		{"show", "--stat", "--no-notes", sha1_to_hex(object), NULL};
-	struct child_process show;
+	struct child_process show = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	FILE *show_out;
+	struct strbuf cbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/* Invoke "git show --stat --no-notes $object" */
-	memset(&show, 0, sizeof(show));
 	show.argv = show_args;
 	show.no_stdin = 1;
 	show.out = -1;
@@ -139,299 +147,150 @@ static void write_commented_object(int fd, const unsigned char *object)
 		die(_("unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
 
-	/* Open the output as FILE* so strbuf_getline() can be used. */
-	show_out = xfdopen(show.out, "r");
-	if (show_out == NULL)
-		die_errno(_("can't fdopen 'show' output fd"));
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, show.out, 0) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not read 'show' output"));
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(&cbuf, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	write_or_die(fd, cbuf.buf, cbuf.len);
 
-	/* Prepend "# " to each output line and write result to 'fd' */
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, show_out, '\n') != EOF) {
-		write_or_die(fd, "# ", 2);
-		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
-		write_or_die(fd, "\n", 1);
-	}
+	strbuf_release(&cbuf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (fclose(show_out))
-		die_errno(_("failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"),
-			  sha1_to_hex(object));
+
 	if (finish_command(&show))
 		die(_("failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
 }
 
-static void create_note(const unsigned char *object, struct msg_arg *msg,
-			int append_only, const unsigned char *prev,
-			unsigned char *result)
+static void prepare_note_data(const unsigned char *object, struct note_data *d,
+		const unsigned char *old_note)
 {
-	char *path = NULL;
-
-	if (msg->use_editor || !msg->given) {
+	if (d->use_editor || !d->given) {
 		int fd;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		/* write the template message before editing: */
-		path = git_pathdup("NOTES_EDITMSG");
-		fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
+		d->edit_path = git_pathdup("NOTES_EDITMSG");
+		fd = open(d->edit_path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
 		if (fd < 0)
-			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), path);
+			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), d->edit_path);
+
+		if (d->given)
+			write_or_die(fd, d->buf.buf, d->buf.len);
+		else if (old_note)
+			copy_obj_to_fd(fd, old_note);
 
-		if (msg->given)
-			write_or_die(fd, msg->buf.buf, msg->buf.len);
-		else if (prev && !append_only)
-			write_note_data(fd, prev);
-		write_or_die(fd, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 
 		write_commented_object(fd, object);
 
 		close(fd);
-		strbuf_reset(&(msg->buf));
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&d->buf);
 
-		if (launch_editor(path, &(msg->buf), NULL)) {
-			die(_("Please supply the note contents using either -m" \
-			    " or -F option"));
-		}
-		stripspace(&(msg->buf), 1);
-	}
-
-	if (prev && append_only) {
-		/* Append buf to previous note contents */
-		unsigned long size;
-		enum object_type type;
-		char *prev_buf = read_sha1_file(prev, &type, &size);
-
-		strbuf_grow(&(msg->buf), size + 1);
-		if (msg->buf.len && prev_buf && size)
-			strbuf_insert(&(msg->buf), 0, "\n", 1);
-		if (prev_buf && size)
-			strbuf_insert(&(msg->buf), 0, prev_buf, size);
-		free(prev_buf);
-	}
-
-	if (!msg->buf.len) {
-		fprintf(stderr, _("Removing note for object %s\n"),
-			sha1_to_hex(object));
-		hashclr(result);
-	} else {
-		if (write_sha1_file(msg->buf.buf, msg->buf.len, blob_type, result)) {
-			error(_("unable to write note object"));
-			if (path)
-				error(_("The note contents has been left in %s"),
-				      path);
-			exit(128);
+		if (launch_editor(d->edit_path, &d->buf, NULL)) {
+			die(_("Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"));
 		}
+		strbuf_stripspace(&d->buf, 1);
 	}
+}
 
-	if (path) {
-		unlink_or_warn(path);
-		free(path);
+static void write_note_data(struct note_data *d, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (write_sha1_file(d->buf.buf, d->buf.len, blob_type, sha1)) {
+		error(_("unable to write note object"));
+		if (d->edit_path)
+			error(_("The note contents have been left in %s"),
+				d->edit_path);
+		exit(128);
 	}
 }
 
 static int parse_msg_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
+	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
 
-	strbuf_grow(&(msg->buf), strlen(arg) + 2);
-	if (msg->buf.len)
-		strbuf_addch(&(msg->buf), '\n');
-	strbuf_addstr(&(msg->buf), arg);
-	stripspace(&(msg->buf), 0);
+	strbuf_grow(&d->buf, strlen(arg) + 2);
+	if (d->buf.len)
+		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
+	strbuf_addstr(&d->buf, arg);
+	strbuf_stripspace(&d->buf, 0);
 
-	msg->given = 1;
+	d->given = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_file_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
+	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
 
-	if (msg->buf.len)
-		strbuf_addch(&(msg->buf), '\n');
+	if (d->buf.len)
+		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
-		if (strbuf_read(&(msg->buf), 0, 1024) < 0)
+		if (strbuf_read(&d->buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
 			die_errno(_("cannot read '%s'"), arg);
-	} else if (strbuf_read_file(&(msg->buf), arg, 1024) < 0)
+	} else if (strbuf_read_file(&d->buf, arg, 1024) < 0)
 		die_errno(_("could not open or read '%s'"), arg);
-	stripspace(&(msg->buf), 0);
+	strbuf_stripspace(&d->buf, 0);
 
-	msg->given = 1;
+	d->given = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_reuse_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
+	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
 	char *buf;
 	unsigned char object[20];
 	enum object_type type;
 	unsigned long len;
 
-	if (msg->buf.len)
-		strbuf_addch(&(msg->buf), '\n');
+	if (d->buf.len)
+		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
 
 	if (get_sha1(arg, object))
 		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), arg);
-	if (!(buf = read_sha1_file(object, &type, &len)) || !len) {
+	if (!(buf = read_sha1_file(object, &type, &len))) {
 		free(buf);
-		die(_("Failed to read object '%s'."), arg);;
+		die(_("Failed to read object '%s'."), arg);
 	}
-	strbuf_add(&(msg->buf), buf, len);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(buf);
+		die(_("Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."), arg);
+	}
+	strbuf_add(&d->buf, buf, len);
 	free(buf);
 
-	msg->given = 1;
+	d->given = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_reedit_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
-	msg->use_editor = 1;
+	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
+	d->use_editor = 1;
 	return parse_reuse_arg(opt, arg, unset);
 }
 
-void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
-
-	if (!t)
-		t = &default_notes_tree;
-	if (!t->initialized || !t->ref || !*t->ref)
-		die(_("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"));
-	if (!t->dirty)
-		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
-
-	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, msg);
-	if (buf.buf[buf.len - 1] != '\n')
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n'); /* Make sure msg ends with newline */
-
-	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, &buf, commit_sha1);
-	strbuf_insert(&buf, 0, "notes: ", 7); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
-	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
-
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-}
-
-combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
-{
-	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
-		return combine_notes_overwrite;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "ignore"))
-		return combine_notes_ignore;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
-		return combine_notes_concatenate;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
-		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
-	else
-		return NULL;
-}
-
-static int notes_rewrite_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
-{
-	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = cb;
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "notes.rewrite.") && !strcmp(k+14, c->cmd)) {
-		c->enabled = git_config_bool(k, v);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (!c->mode_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewritemode")) {
-		if (!v)
-			config_error_nonbool(k);
-		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(v);
-		if (!c->combine) {
-			error(_("Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"), v);
-			return 1;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	} else if (!c->refs_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewriteref")) {
-		/* note that a refs/ prefix is implied in the
-		 * underlying for_each_glob_ref */
-		if (!prefixcmp(v, "refs/notes/"))
-			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(c->refs, v);
-		else
-			warning(_("Refusing to rewrite notes in %s"
-				" (outside of refs/notes/)"), v);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd)
-{
-	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct notes_rewrite_cfg));
-	const char *rewrite_mode_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT);
-	const char *rewrite_refs_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
-	c->cmd = cmd;
-	c->enabled = 1;
-	c->combine = combine_notes_concatenate;
-	c->refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	c->refs->strdup_strings = 1;
-	c->refs_from_env = 0;
-	c->mode_from_env = 0;
-	if (rewrite_mode_env) {
-		c->mode_from_env = 1;
-		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(rewrite_mode_env);
-		if (!c->combine)
-			/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-			   environment variable, the second %s is its value */
-			error(_("Bad %s value: '%s'"), GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT,
-					rewrite_mode_env);
-	}
-	if (rewrite_refs_env) {
-		c->refs_from_env = 1;
-		string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(c->refs, rewrite_refs_env);
-	}
-	git_config(notes_rewrite_config, c);
-	if (!c->enabled || !c->refs->nr) {
-		string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
-		free(c->refs);
-		free(c);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	c->trees = load_notes_trees(c->refs);
-	string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
-	free(c->refs);
-	return c;
-}
-
-int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
-			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj)
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++)
-		ret = copy_note(c->trees[i], from_obj, to_obj, 1, c->combine) || ret;
-	return ret;
-}
-
-void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++) {
-		commit_notes(c->trees[i], "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
-		free_notes(c->trees[i]);
-	}
-	free(c->trees);
-	free(c);
-}
-
 static int notes_copy_from_stdin(int force, const char *rewrite_cmd)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = NULL;
 	struct notes_tree *t = NULL;
 	int ret = 0;
+	const char *msg = "Notes added by 'git notes copy'";
 
 	if (rewrite_cmd) {
 		c = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(rewrite_cmd);
 		if (!c)
 			return 0;
 	} else {
-		init_notes(NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
+		init_notes(NULL, NULL, NULL, NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE);
 		t = &default_notes_tree;
 	}
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
 		unsigned char from_obj[20], to_obj[20];
 		struct strbuf **split;
 		int err;
@@ -462,23 +321,26 @@ static int notes_copy_from_stdin(int force, const char *rewrite_cmd)
 	}
 
 	if (!rewrite_cmd) {
-		commit_notes(t, "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
+		commit_notes(t, msg);
 		free_notes(t);
 	} else {
-		finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c);
+		finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c, msg);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static struct notes_tree *init_notes_check(const char *subcommand)
+static struct notes_tree *init_notes_check(const char *subcommand,
+					   int flags)
 {
 	struct notes_tree *t;
-	init_notes(NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
+	const char *ref;
+	init_notes(NULL, NULL, NULL, flags);
 	t = &default_notes_tree;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(t->ref, "refs/notes/"))
+	ref = (flags & NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE) ? t->update_ref : t->ref;
+	if (!starts_with(ref, "refs/notes/"))
 		die("Refusing to %s notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)",
-		    subcommand, t->ref);
+		    subcommand, ref);
 	return t;
 }
 
@@ -501,7 +363,7 @@ static int list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(git_notes_list_usage, options);
 	}
 
-	t = init_notes_check("list");
+	t = init_notes_check("list", 0);
 	if (argc) {
 		if (get_sha1(argv[0], object))
 			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), argv[0]);
@@ -523,27 +385,28 @@ static int append_edit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 
 static int add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int retval = 0, force = 0;
+	int force = 0, allow_empty = 0;
 	const char *object_ref;
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	unsigned char object[20], new_note[20];
-	char logmsg[100];
 	const unsigned char *note;
-	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, 0, STRBUF_INIT };
+	struct note_data d = { 0, 0, NULL, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, "msg",
-			"note contents as a string", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &d, N_("message"),
+			N_("note contents as a string"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_msg_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &msg, "file",
-			"note contents in a file", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &d, N_("file"),
+			N_("note contents in a file"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_file_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse and edit specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &d, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse and edit specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reedit_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &d, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reuse_arg},
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace existing notes"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
+			N_("allow storing empty note")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace existing notes")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -560,46 +423,49 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
 		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), object_ref);
 
-	t = init_notes_check("add");
+	t = init_notes_check("add", NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE);
 	note = get_note(t, object);
 
 	if (note) {
 		if (!force) {
-			if (!msg.given) {
-				/*
-				 * Redirect to "edit" subcommand.
-				 *
-				 * We only end up here if none of -m/-F/-c/-C
-				 * or -f are given. The original args are
-				 * therefore still in argv[0-1].
-				 */
-				argv[0] = "edit";
-				free_notes(t);
-				return append_edit(argc, argv, prefix);
+			free_notes(t);
+			if (d.given) {
+				free_note_data(&d);
+				return error(_("Cannot add notes. "
+					"Found existing notes for object %s. "
+					"Use '-f' to overwrite existing notes"),
+					sha1_to_hex(object));
 			}
-			retval = error(_("Cannot add notes. Found existing notes "
-				       "for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
-				       "existing notes"), sha1_to_hex(object));
-			goto out;
+			/*
+			 * Redirect to "edit" subcommand.
+			 *
+			 * We only end up here if none of -m/-F/-c/-C or -f are
+			 * given. The original args are therefore still in
+			 * argv[0-1].
+			 */
+			argv[0] = "edit";
+			return append_edit(argc, argv, prefix);
 		}
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"),
 			sha1_to_hex(object));
 	}
 
-	create_note(object, &msg, 0, note, new_note);
-
-	if (is_null_sha1(new_note))
+	prepare_note_data(object, &d, note);
+	if (d.buf.len || allow_empty) {
+		write_note_data(&d, new_note);
+		if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
+			die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+		commit_notes(t, "Notes added by 'git notes add'");
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Removing note for object %s\n"),
+			sha1_to_hex(object));
 		remove_note(t, object);
-	else if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
-		die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+		commit_notes(t, "Notes removed by 'git notes add'");
+	}
 
-	snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes %s by 'git notes %s'",
-		 is_null_sha1(new_note) ? "removed" : "added", "add");
-	commit_notes(t, logmsg);
-out:
+	free_note_data(&d);
 	free_notes(t);
-	strbuf_release(&(msg.buf));
-	return retval;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int copy(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -611,11 +477,11 @@ static int copy(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	const char *rewrite_cmd = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace existing notes"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, "read objects from stdin"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, "command",
-			   "load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
-			   "--stdin)"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace existing notes")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, N_("read objects from stdin")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, N_("command"),
+			   N_("load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
+			      "--stdin)")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -648,7 +514,7 @@ static int copy(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
 		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), object_ref);
 
-	t = init_notes_check("copy");
+	t = init_notes_check("copy", NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE);
 	note = get_note(t, object);
 
 	if (note) {
@@ -680,26 +546,29 @@ out:
 
 static int append_edit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	int allow_empty = 0;
 	const char *object_ref;
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	unsigned char object[20], new_note[20];
 	const unsigned char *note;
 	char logmsg[100];
 	const char * const *usage;
-	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, 0, STRBUF_INIT };
+	struct note_data d = { 0, 0, NULL, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, "msg",
-			"note contents as a string", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &d, N_("message"),
+			N_("note contents as a string"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_msg_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &msg, "file",
-			"note contents in a file", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &d, N_("file"),
+			N_("note contents in a file"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_file_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse and edit specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &d, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse and edit specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reedit_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &d, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reuse_arg},
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
+			N_("allow storing empty note")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	int edit = !strcmp(argv[0], "edit");
@@ -713,7 +582,7 @@ static int append_edit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(usage, options);
 	}
 
-	if (msg.given && edit)
+	if (d.given && edit)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated "
 			"for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 			"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"));
@@ -723,21 +592,42 @@ static int append_edit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
 		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), object_ref);
 
-	t = init_notes_check(argv[0]);
+	t = init_notes_check(argv[0], NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE);
 	note = get_note(t, object);
 
-	create_note(object, &msg, !edit, note, new_note);
+	prepare_note_data(object, &d, edit ? note : NULL);
 
-	if (is_null_sha1(new_note))
-		remove_note(t, object);
-	else if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
-		die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+	if (note && !edit) {
+		/* Append buf to previous note contents */
+		unsigned long size;
+		enum object_type type;
+		char *prev_buf = read_sha1_file(note, &type, &size);
+
+		strbuf_grow(&d.buf, size + 1);
+		if (d.buf.len && prev_buf && size)
+			strbuf_insert(&d.buf, 0, "\n", 1);
+		if (prev_buf && size)
+			strbuf_insert(&d.buf, 0, prev_buf, size);
+		free(prev_buf);
+	}
 
-	snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes %s by 'git notes %s'",
-		 is_null_sha1(new_note) ? "removed" : "added", argv[0]);
+	if (d.buf.len || allow_empty) {
+		write_note_data(&d, new_note);
+		if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
+			die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+		snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes added by 'git notes %s'",
+			argv[0]);
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Removing note for object %s\n"),
+			sha1_to_hex(object));
+		remove_note(t, object);
+		snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes removed by 'git notes %s'",
+			argv[0]);
+	}
 	commit_notes(t, logmsg);
+
+	free_note_data(&d);
 	free_notes(t);
-	strbuf_release(&(msg.buf));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -765,7 +655,7 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
 		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), object_ref);
 
-	t = init_notes_check("show");
+	t = init_notes_check("show", 0);
 	note = get_note(t, object);
 
 	if (!note)
@@ -820,7 +710,7 @@ static int merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 		die("Could not parse commit from NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL.");
 
 	if (partial->parents)
-		hashcpy(parent_sha1, partial->parents->item->object.sha1);
+		hashcpy(parent_sha1, partial->parents->item->object.oid.hash);
 	else
 		hashclr(parent_sha1);
 
@@ -828,7 +718,7 @@ static int merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 	init_notes(t, "NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL", combine_notes_overwrite, 0);
 
 	o->local_ref = local_ref_to_free =
-		resolve_refdup("NOTES_MERGE_REF", sha1, 0, NULL);
+		resolve_refdup("NOTES_MERGE_REF", 0, sha1, NULL);
 	if (!o->local_ref)
 		die("Failed to resolve NOTES_MERGE_REF");
 
@@ -842,7 +732,7 @@ static int merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 	strbuf_insert(&msg, 0, "notes: ", 7);
 	update_ref(msg.buf, o->local_ref, sha1,
 		   is_null_sha1(parent_sha1) ? NULL : parent_sha1,
-		   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+		   0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 
 	free_notes(t);
 	strbuf_release(&msg);
@@ -851,6 +741,20 @@ static int merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int git_config_get_notes_strategy(const char *key,
+					 enum notes_merge_strategy *strategy)
+{
+	char *value;
+
+	if (git_config_get_string(key, &value))
+		return 1;
+	if (parse_notes_merge_strategy(value, strategy))
+		git_die_config(key, "unknown notes merge strategy %s", value);
+
+	free(value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf remote_ref = STRBUF_INIT, msg = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -861,20 +765,20 @@ static int merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int verbosity = 0, result;
 	const char *strategy = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("General options"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("General options")),
 		OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-		OPT_GROUP("Merge options"),
-		OPT_STRING('s', "strategy", &strategy, "strategy",
-			   "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
-			   "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"),
-		OPT_GROUP("Committing unmerged notes"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
-			"finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
-		OPT_GROUP("Aborting notes merge resolution"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
-			"abort notes merge",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Merge options")),
+		OPT_STRING('s', "strategy", &strategy, N_("strategy"),
+			   N_("resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
+			      "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)")),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Committing unmerged notes")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
+			N_("finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Aborting notes merge resolution")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
+			N_("abort notes merge"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -906,27 +810,31 @@ static int merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	o.local_ref = default_notes_ref();
 	strbuf_addstr(&remote_ref, argv[0]);
-	expand_notes_ref(&remote_ref);
+	expand_loose_notes_ref(&remote_ref);
 	o.remote_ref = remote_ref.buf;
 
+	t = init_notes_check("merge", NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE);
+
 	if (strategy) {
-		if (!strcmp(strategy, "manual"))
-			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_MANUAL;
-		else if (!strcmp(strategy, "ours"))
-			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_OURS;
-		else if (!strcmp(strategy, "theirs"))
-			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_THEIRS;
-		else if (!strcmp(strategy, "union"))
-			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_UNION;
-		else if (!strcmp(strategy, "cat_sort_uniq"))
-			o.strategy = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_CAT_SORT_UNIQ;
-		else {
+		if (parse_notes_merge_strategy(strategy, &o.strategy)) {
 			error("Unknown -s/--strategy: %s", strategy);
 			usage_with_options(git_notes_merge_usage, options);
 		}
-	}
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf merge_key = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *short_ref = NULL;
+
+		if (!skip_prefix(o.local_ref, "refs/notes/", &short_ref))
+			die("BUG: local ref %s is outside of refs/notes/",
+			    o.local_ref);
 
-	t = init_notes_check("merge");
+		strbuf_addf(&merge_key, "notes.%s.mergeStrategy", short_ref);
+
+		if (git_config_get_notes_strategy(merge_key.buf, &o.strategy))
+			git_config_get_notes_strategy("notes.mergeStrategy", &o.strategy);
+
+		strbuf_release(&merge_key);
+	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&msg, "notes: Merged notes from %s into %s",
 		    remote_ref.buf, default_notes_ref());
@@ -937,12 +845,17 @@ static int merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (result >= 0) /* Merge resulted (trivially) in result_sha1 */
 		/* Update default notes ref with new commit */
 		update_ref(msg.buf, default_notes_ref(), result_sha1, NULL,
-			   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 	else { /* Merge has unresolved conflicts */
+		const struct worktree *wt;
 		/* Update .git/NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL with partial merge result */
 		update_ref(msg.buf, "NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL", result_sha1, NULL,
-			   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 		/* Store ref-to-be-updated into .git/NOTES_MERGE_REF */
+		wt = find_shared_symref("NOTES_MERGE_REF", default_notes_ref());
+		if (wt)
+			die(_("A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"),
+			    default_notes_ref(), wt->path);
 		if (create_symref("NOTES_MERGE_REF", default_notes_ref(), NULL))
 			die("Failed to store link to current notes ref (%s)",
 			    default_notes_ref());
@@ -980,10 +893,10 @@ static int remove_cmd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int from_stdin = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &flag,
-			"attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error",
+			N_("attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"),
 			IGNORE_MISSING),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
-			    "read object names from the standard input"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
+			    N_("read object names from the standard input")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct notes_tree *t;
@@ -992,7 +905,7 @@ static int remove_cmd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
 			     git_notes_remove_usage, 0);
 
-	t = init_notes_check("remove");
+	t = init_notes_check("remove", NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE);
 
 	if (!argc && !from_stdin) {
 		retval = remove_one_note(t, "HEAD", flag);
@@ -1034,7 +947,7 @@ static int prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(git_notes_prune_usage, options);
 	}
 
-	t = init_notes_check("prune");
+	t = init_notes_check("prune", NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE);
 
 	prune_notes(t, (verbose ? NOTES_PRUNE_VERBOSE : 0) |
 		(show_only ? NOTES_PRUNE_VERBOSE|NOTES_PRUNE_DRYRUN : 0) );
@@ -1064,8 +977,8 @@ int cmd_notes(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int result;
 	const char *override_notes_ref = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING(0, "ref", &override_notes_ref, "notes_ref",
-			   "use notes from <notes_ref>"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "ref", &override_notes_ref, N_("notes-ref"),
+			   N_("use notes from <notes-ref>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 96c1680976..a2f8cfdec0 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -14,60 +14,37 @@
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
-
-static const char pack_usage[] =
-  "git pack-objects [ -q | --progress | --all-progress ]\n"
-  "        [--all-progress-implied]\n"
-  "        [--max-pack-size=<n>] [--local] [--incremental]\n"
-  "        [--window=<n>] [--window-memory=<n>] [--depth=<n>]\n"
-  "        [--no-reuse-delta] [--no-reuse-object] [--delta-base-offset]\n"
-  "        [--threads=<n>] [--non-empty] [--revs [--unpacked | --all]]\n"
-  "        [--reflog] [--stdout | base-name] [--include-tag]\n"
-  "        [--keep-unreachable | --unpack-unreachable]\n"
-  "        [< ref-list | < object-list]";
-
-struct object_entry {
-	struct pack_idx_entry idx;
-	unsigned long size;	/* uncompressed size */
-	struct packed_git *in_pack; 	/* already in pack */
-	off_t in_pack_offset;
-	struct object_entry *delta;	/* delta base object */
-	struct object_entry *delta_child; /* deltified objects who bases me */
-	struct object_entry *delta_sibling; /* other deltified objects who
-					     * uses the same base as me
-					     */
-	void *delta_data;	/* cached delta (uncompressed) */
-	unsigned long delta_size;	/* delta data size (uncompressed) */
-	unsigned long z_delta_size;	/* delta data size (compressed) */
-	unsigned int hash;	/* name hint hash */
-	enum object_type type;
-	enum object_type in_pack_type;	/* could be delta */
-	unsigned char in_pack_header_size;
-	unsigned char preferred_base; /* we do not pack this, but is available
-				       * to be used as the base object to delta
-				       * objects against.
-				       */
-	unsigned char no_try_delta;
-	unsigned char tagged; /* near the very tip of refs */
-	unsigned char filled; /* assigned write-order */
+#include "pack-bitmap.h"
+#include "reachable.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static const char *pack_usage[] = {
+	N_("git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"),
+	N_("git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"),
+	NULL
 };
 
 /*
- * Objects we are going to pack are collected in objects array (dynamically
- * expanded).  nr_objects & nr_alloc controls this array.  They are stored
- * in the order we see -- typically rev-list --objects order that gives us
- * nice "minimum seek" order.
+ * Objects we are going to pack are collected in the `to_pack` structure.
+ * It contains an array (dynamically expanded) of the object data, and a map
+ * that can resolve SHA1s to their position in the array.
  */
-static struct object_entry *objects;
+static struct packing_data to_pack;
+
 static struct pack_idx_entry **written_list;
-static uint32_t nr_objects, nr_alloc, nr_result, nr_written;
+static uint32_t nr_result, nr_written;
 
 static int non_empty;
 static int reuse_delta = 1, reuse_object = 1;
 static int keep_unreachable, unpack_unreachable, include_tag;
+static unsigned long unpack_unreachable_expiration;
+static int pack_loose_unreachable;
 static int local;
 static int incremental;
 static int ignore_packed_keep;
@@ -85,6 +62,14 @@ static struct progress *progress_state;
 static int pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 static int pack_compression_seen;
 
+static struct packed_git *reuse_packfile;
+static uint32_t reuse_packfile_objects;
+static off_t reuse_packfile_offset;
+
+static int use_bitmap_index = 1;
+static int write_bitmap_index;
+static uint16_t write_bitmap_options;
+
 static unsigned long delta_cache_size = 0;
 static unsigned long max_delta_cache_size = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
 static unsigned long cache_max_small_delta_size = 1000;
@@ -92,20 +77,27 @@ static unsigned long cache_max_small_delta_size = 1000;
 static unsigned long window_memory_limit = 0;
 
 /*
- * The object names in objects array are hashed with this hashtable,
- * to help looking up the entry by object name.
- * This hashtable is built after all the objects are seen.
- */
-static int *object_ix;
-static int object_ix_hashsz;
-static struct object_entry *locate_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1);
-
-/*
  * stats
  */
 static uint32_t written, written_delta;
 static uint32_t reused, reused_delta;
 
+/*
+ * Indexed commits
+ */
+static struct commit **indexed_commits;
+static unsigned int indexed_commits_nr;
+static unsigned int indexed_commits_alloc;
+
+static void index_commit_for_bitmap(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (indexed_commits_nr >= indexed_commits_alloc) {
+		indexed_commits_alloc = (indexed_commits_alloc + 32) * 2;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(indexed_commits, indexed_commits_alloc);
+	}
+
+	indexed_commits[indexed_commits_nr++] = commit;
+}
 
 static void *get_delta(struct object_entry *entry)
 {
@@ -134,7 +126,6 @@ static unsigned long do_compress(void **pptr, unsigned long size)
 	void *in, *out;
 	unsigned long maxsize;
 
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, pack_compression_level);
 	maxsize = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 
@@ -154,6 +145,45 @@ static unsigned long do_compress(void **pptr, unsigned long size)
 	return stream.total_out;
 }
 
+static unsigned long write_large_blob_data(struct git_istream *st, struct sha1file *f,
+					   const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	git_zstream stream;
+	unsigned char ibuf[1024 * 16];
+	unsigned char obuf[1024 * 16];
+	unsigned long olen = 0;
+
+	git_deflate_init(&stream, pack_compression_level);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t readlen;
+		int zret = Z_OK;
+		readlen = read_istream(st, ibuf, sizeof(ibuf));
+		if (readlen == -1)
+			die(_("unable to read %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		stream.next_in = ibuf;
+		stream.avail_in = readlen;
+		while ((stream.avail_in || readlen == 0) &&
+		       (zret == Z_OK || zret == Z_BUF_ERROR)) {
+			stream.next_out = obuf;
+			stream.avail_out = sizeof(obuf);
+			zret = git_deflate(&stream, readlen ? 0 : Z_FINISH);
+			sha1write(f, obuf, stream.next_out - obuf);
+			olen += stream.next_out - obuf;
+		}
+		if (stream.avail_in)
+			die(_("deflate error (%d)"), zret);
+		if (readlen == 0) {
+			if (zret != Z_STREAM_END)
+				die(_("deflate error (%d)"), zret);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	git_deflate_end(&stream);
+	return olen;
+}
+
 /*
  * we are going to reuse the existing object data as is.  make
  * sure it is not corrupt.
@@ -204,22 +234,198 @@ static void copy_pack_data(struct sha1file *f,
 }
 
 /* Return 0 if we will bust the pack-size limit */
-static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
-				  struct object_entry *entry,
-				  off_t write_offset)
+static unsigned long write_no_reuse_object(struct sha1file *f, struct object_entry *entry,
+					   unsigned long limit, int usable_delta)
 {
-	unsigned long size, limit, datalen;
-	void *buf;
+	unsigned long size, datalen;
 	unsigned char header[10], dheader[10];
 	unsigned hdrlen;
 	enum object_type type;
+	void *buf;
+	struct git_istream *st = NULL;
+
+	if (!usable_delta) {
+		if (entry->type == OBJ_BLOB &&
+		    entry->size > big_file_threshold &&
+		    (st = open_istream(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size, NULL)) != NULL)
+			buf = NULL;
+		else {
+			buf = read_sha1_file(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size);
+			if (!buf)
+				die(_("unable to read %s"), sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		}
+		/*
+		 * make sure no cached delta data remains from a
+		 * previous attempt before a pack split occurred.
+		 */
+		free(entry->delta_data);
+		entry->delta_data = NULL;
+		entry->z_delta_size = 0;
+	} else if (entry->delta_data) {
+		size = entry->delta_size;
+		buf = entry->delta_data;
+		entry->delta_data = NULL;
+		type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+			OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+	} else {
+		buf = get_delta(entry);
+		size = entry->delta_size;
+		type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+			OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+	}
+
+	if (st)	/* large blob case, just assume we don't compress well */
+		datalen = size;
+	else if (entry->z_delta_size)
+		datalen = entry->z_delta_size;
+	else
+		datalen = do_compress(&buf, size);
+
+	/*
+	 * The object header is a byte of 'type' followed by zero or
+	 * more bytes of length.
+	 */
+	hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, size, header);
+
+	if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+		/*
+		 * Deltas with relative base contain an additional
+		 * encoding of the relative offset for the delta
+		 * base from this object's position in the pack.
+		 */
+		off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
+		unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
+		dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
+		while (ofs >>= 7)
+			dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
+		if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
+			free(buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
+		hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		/*
+		 * Deltas with a base reference contain
+		 * an additional 20 bytes for the base sha1.
+		 */
+		if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
+			free(buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
+		hdrlen += 20;
+	} else {
+		if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
+			free(buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+	}
+	if (st) {
+		datalen = write_large_blob_data(st, f, entry->idx.sha1);
+		close_istream(st);
+	} else {
+		sha1write(f, buf, datalen);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+
+	return hdrlen + datalen;
+}
+
+/* Return 0 if we will bust the pack-size limit */
+static unsigned long write_reuse_object(struct sha1file *f, struct object_entry *entry,
+					unsigned long limit, int usable_delta)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p = entry->in_pack;
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+	off_t offset;
+	enum object_type type = entry->type;
+	unsigned long datalen;
+	unsigned char header[10], dheader[10];
+	unsigned hdrlen;
+
+	if (entry->delta)
+		type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+			OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+	hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, entry->size, header);
+
+	offset = entry->in_pack_offset;
+	revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, offset);
+	datalen = revidx[1].offset - offset;
+	if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version > 1 &&
+	    check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, revidx->nr)) {
+		error("bad packed object CRC for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+		return write_no_reuse_object(f, entry, limit, usable_delta);
+	}
+
+	offset += entry->in_pack_header_size;
+	datalen -= entry->in_pack_header_size;
+
+	if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version == 1 &&
+	    check_pack_inflate(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, entry->size)) {
+		error("corrupt packed object for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+		return write_no_reuse_object(f, entry, limit, usable_delta);
+	}
+
+	if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+		off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
+		unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
+		dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
+		while (ofs >>= 7)
+			dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
+		if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
+		hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
+		reused_delta++;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
+		hdrlen += 20;
+		reused_delta++;
+	} else {
+		if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+	}
+	copy_pack_data(f, p, &w_curs, offset, datalen);
+	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+	reused++;
+	return hdrlen + datalen;
+}
+
+/* Return 0 if we will bust the pack-size limit */
+static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
+				  struct object_entry *entry,
+				  off_t write_offset)
+{
+	unsigned long limit, len;
 	int usable_delta, to_reuse;
 
 	if (!pack_to_stdout)
 		crc32_begin(f);
 
-	type = entry->type;
-
 	/* apply size limit if limited packsize and not first object */
 	if (!pack_size_limit || !nr_written)
 		limit = 0;
@@ -247,11 +453,11 @@ static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
 		to_reuse = 0;	/* explicit */
 	else if (!entry->in_pack)
 		to_reuse = 0;	/* can't reuse what we don't have */
-	else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA)
+	else if (entry->type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || entry->type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA)
 				/* check_object() decided it for us ... */
 		to_reuse = usable_delta;
 				/* ... but pack split may override that */
-	else if (type != entry->in_pack_type)
+	else if (entry->type != entry->in_pack_type)
 		to_reuse = 0;	/* pack has delta which is unusable */
 	else if (entry->delta)
 		to_reuse = 0;	/* we want to pack afresh */
@@ -260,153 +466,19 @@ static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
 				 * and we do not need to deltify it.
 				 */
 
-	if (!to_reuse) {
-		no_reuse:
-		if (!usable_delta) {
-			buf = read_sha1_file(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size);
-			if (!buf)
-				die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
-			/*
-			 * make sure no cached delta data remains from a
-			 * previous attempt before a pack split occurred.
-			 */
-			free(entry->delta_data);
-			entry->delta_data = NULL;
-			entry->z_delta_size = 0;
-		} else if (entry->delta_data) {
-			size = entry->delta_size;
-			buf = entry->delta_data;
-			entry->delta_data = NULL;
-			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
-				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
-		} else {
-			buf = get_delta(entry);
-			size = entry->delta_size;
-			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
-				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
-		}
-
-		if (entry->z_delta_size)
-			datalen = entry->z_delta_size;
-		else
-			datalen = do_compress(&buf, size);
-
-		/*
-		 * The object header is a byte of 'type' followed by zero or
-		 * more bytes of length.
-		 */
-		hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, size, header);
-
-		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
-			/*
-			 * Deltas with relative base contain an additional
-			 * encoding of the relative offset for the delta
-			 * base from this object's position in the pack.
-			 */
-			off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
-			unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
-			dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
-			while (ofs >>= 7)
-				dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
-			if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				free(buf);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-			sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
-			hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
-		} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
-			/*
-			 * Deltas with a base reference contain
-			 * an additional 20 bytes for the base sha1.
-			 */
-			if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				free(buf);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-			sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
-			hdrlen += 20;
-		} else {
-			if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				free(buf);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-		}
-		sha1write(f, buf, datalen);
-		free(buf);
-	}
-	else {
-		struct packed_git *p = entry->in_pack;
-		struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		off_t offset;
-
-		if (entry->delta)
-			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
-				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
-		hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, entry->size, header);
-
-		offset = entry->in_pack_offset;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, offset);
-		datalen = revidx[1].offset - offset;
-		if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version > 1 &&
-		    check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, revidx->nr)) {
-			error("bad packed object CRC for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			goto no_reuse;
-		}
-
-		offset += entry->in_pack_header_size;
-		datalen -= entry->in_pack_header_size;
-		if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version == 1 &&
-		    check_pack_inflate(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, entry->size)) {
-			error("corrupt packed object for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			goto no_reuse;
-		}
+	if (!to_reuse)
+		len = write_no_reuse_object(f, entry, limit, usable_delta);
+	else
+		len = write_reuse_object(f, entry, limit, usable_delta);
+	if (!len)
+		return 0;
 
-		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
-			off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
-			unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
-			dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
-			while (ofs >>= 7)
-				dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
-			if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-			sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
-			hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
-			reused_delta++;
-		} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
-			if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-			sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
-			hdrlen += 20;
-			reused_delta++;
-		} else {
-			if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-		}
-		copy_pack_data(f, p, &w_curs, offset, datalen);
-		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-		reused++;
-	}
 	if (usable_delta)
 		written_delta++;
 	written++;
 	if (!pack_to_stdout)
 		entry->idx.crc32 = crc32_end(f);
-	return hdrlen + datalen;
+	return len;
 }
 
 enum write_one_status {
@@ -469,16 +541,16 @@ static enum write_one_status write_one(struct sha1file *f,
 	return WRITE_ONE_WRITTEN;
 }
 
-static int mark_tagged(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag,
+static int mark_tagged(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid, int flag,
 		       void *cb_data)
 {
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	struct object_entry *entry = locate_object_entry(sha1);
+	struct object_entry *entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, oid->hash, NULL);
 
 	if (entry)
 		entry->tagged = 1;
 	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled)) {
-		entry = locate_object_entry(peeled);
+		entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, peeled, NULL);
 		if (entry)
 			entry->tagged = 1;
 	}
@@ -553,9 +625,10 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 {
 	unsigned int i, wo_end, last_untagged;
 
-	struct object_entry **wo = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(*wo));
+	struct object_entry **wo;
+	struct object_entry *objects = to_pack.objects;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		objects[i].tagged = 0;
 		objects[i].filled = 0;
 		objects[i].delta_child = NULL;
@@ -567,7 +640,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	 * Make sure delta_sibling is sorted in the original
 	 * recency order.
 	 */
-	for (i = nr_objects; i > 0;) {
+	for (i = to_pack.nr_objects; i > 0;) {
 		struct object_entry *e = &objects[--i];
 		if (!e->delta)
 			continue;
@@ -585,7 +658,8 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	 * Give the objects in the original recency order until
 	 * we see a tagged tip.
 	 */
-	for (i = wo_end = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(wo, to_pack.nr_objects);
+	for (i = wo_end = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (objects[i].tagged)
 			break;
 		add_to_write_order(wo, &wo_end, &objects[i]);
@@ -595,7 +669,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	/*
 	 * Then fill all the tagged tips.
 	 */
-	for (; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (objects[i].tagged)
 			add_to_write_order(wo, &wo_end, &objects[i]);
 	}
@@ -603,7 +677,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	/*
 	 * And then all remaining commits and tags.
 	 */
-	for (i = last_untagged; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = last_untagged; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (objects[i].type != OBJ_COMMIT &&
 		    objects[i].type != OBJ_TAG)
 			continue;
@@ -613,7 +687,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	/*
 	 * And then all the trees.
 	 */
-	for (i = last_untagged; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = last_untagged; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (objects[i].type != OBJ_TREE)
 			continue;
 		add_to_write_order(wo, &wo_end, &objects[i]);
@@ -622,17 +696,74 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	/*
 	 * Finally all the rest in really tight order
 	 */
-	for (i = last_untagged; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = last_untagged; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (!objects[i].filled)
 			add_family_to_write_order(wo, &wo_end, &objects[i]);
 	}
 
-	if (wo_end != nr_objects)
-		die("ordered %u objects, expected %"PRIu32, wo_end, nr_objects);
+	if (wo_end != to_pack.nr_objects)
+		die("ordered %u objects, expected %"PRIu32, wo_end, to_pack.nr_objects);
 
 	return wo;
 }
 
+static off_t write_reused_pack(struct sha1file *f)
+{
+	unsigned char buffer[8192];
+	off_t to_write, total;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (!is_pack_valid(reuse_packfile))
+		die("packfile is invalid: %s", reuse_packfile->pack_name);
+
+	fd = git_open_noatime(reuse_packfile->pack_name);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to open packfile for reuse: %s",
+			  reuse_packfile->pack_name);
+
+	if (lseek(fd, sizeof(struct pack_header), SEEK_SET) == -1)
+		die_errno("unable to seek in reused packfile");
+
+	if (reuse_packfile_offset < 0)
+		reuse_packfile_offset = reuse_packfile->pack_size - 20;
+
+	total = to_write = reuse_packfile_offset - sizeof(struct pack_header);
+
+	while (to_write) {
+		int read_pack = xread(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+
+		if (read_pack <= 0)
+			die_errno("unable to read from reused packfile");
+
+		if (read_pack > to_write)
+			read_pack = to_write;
+
+		sha1write(f, buffer, read_pack);
+		to_write -= read_pack;
+
+		/*
+		 * We don't know the actual number of objects written,
+		 * only how many bytes written, how many bytes total, and
+		 * how many objects total. So we can fake it by pretending all
+		 * objects we are writing are the same size. This gives us a
+		 * smooth progress meter, and at the end it matches the true
+		 * answer.
+		 */
+		written = reuse_packfile_objects *
+				(((double)(total - to_write)) / total);
+		display_progress(progress_state, written);
+	}
+
+	close(fd);
+	written = reuse_packfile_objects;
+	display_progress(progress_state, written);
+	return reuse_packfile_offset - sizeof(struct pack_header);
+}
+
+static const char no_split_warning[] = N_(
+"disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+);
+
 static void write_pack_file(void)
 {
 	uint32_t i = 0, j;
@@ -643,8 +774,8 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 	struct object_entry **write_order;
 
 	if (progress > pack_to_stdout)
-		progress_state = start_progress("Writing objects", nr_result);
-	written_list = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(*written_list));
+		progress_state = start_progress(_("Writing objects"), nr_result);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(written_list, to_pack.nr_objects);
 	write_order = compute_write_order();
 
 	do {
@@ -657,10 +788,17 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			f = create_tmp_packfile(&pack_tmp_name);
 
 		offset = write_pack_header(f, nr_remaining);
-		if (!offset)
-			die_errno("unable to write pack header");
+
+		if (reuse_packfile) {
+			off_t packfile_size;
+			assert(pack_to_stdout);
+
+			packfile_size = write_reused_pack(f);
+			offset += packfile_size;
+		}
+
 		nr_written = 0;
-		for (; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		for (; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 			struct object_entry *e = write_order[i];
 			if (write_one(f, e, &offset) == WRITE_ONE_BREAK)
 				break;
@@ -680,11 +818,15 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			fixup_pack_header_footer(fd, sha1, pack_tmp_name,
 						 nr_written, sha1, offset);
 			close(fd);
+			if (write_bitmap_index) {
+				warning(_(no_split_warning));
+				write_bitmap_index = 0;
+			}
 		}
 
 		if (!pack_to_stdout) {
 			struct stat st;
-			char tmpname[PATH_MAX];
+			struct strbuf tmpname = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 			/*
 			 * Packs are runtime accessed in their mtime
@@ -694,8 +836,7 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			 * to preserve this property.
 			 */
 			if (stat(pack_tmp_name, &st) < 0) {
-				warning("failed to stat %s: %s",
-					pack_tmp_name, strerror(errno));
+				warning_errno("failed to stat %s", pack_tmp_name);
 			} else if (!last_mtime) {
 				last_mtime = st.st_mtime;
 			} else {
@@ -703,17 +844,35 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 				utb.actime = st.st_atime;
 				utb.modtime = --last_mtime;
 				if (utime(pack_tmp_name, &utb) < 0)
-					warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
-						tmpname, strerror(errno));
+					warning_errno("failed utime() on %s", pack_tmp_name);
+			}
+
+			strbuf_addf(&tmpname, "%s-", base_name);
+
+			if (write_bitmap_index) {
+				bitmap_writer_set_checksum(sha1);
+				bitmap_writer_build_type_index(written_list, nr_written);
 			}
 
-			/* Enough space for "-<sha-1>.pack"? */
-			if (sizeof(tmpname) <= strlen(base_name) + 50)
-				die("pack base name '%s' too long", base_name);
-			snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "%s-", base_name);
-			finish_tmp_packfile(tmpname, pack_tmp_name,
+			finish_tmp_packfile(&tmpname, pack_tmp_name,
 					    written_list, nr_written,
 					    &pack_idx_opts, sha1);
+
+			if (write_bitmap_index) {
+				strbuf_addf(&tmpname, "%s.bitmap", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+				stop_progress(&progress_state);
+
+				bitmap_writer_show_progress(progress);
+				bitmap_writer_reuse_bitmaps(&to_pack);
+				bitmap_writer_select_commits(indexed_commits, indexed_commits_nr, -1);
+				bitmap_writer_build(&to_pack);
+				bitmap_writer_finish(written_list, nr_written,
+						     tmpname.buf, write_bitmap_options);
+				write_bitmap_index = 0;
+			}
+
+			strbuf_release(&tmpname);
 			free(pack_tmp_name);
 			puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		}
@@ -723,7 +882,7 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			written_list[j]->offset = (off_t)-1;
 		}
 		nr_remaining -= nr_written;
-	} while (nr_remaining && i < nr_objects);
+	} while (nr_remaining && i < to_pack.nr_objects);
 
 	free(written_list);
 	free(write_order);
@@ -733,73 +892,6 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			written, nr_result);
 }
 
-static int locate_object_entry_hash(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	int i;
-	unsigned int ui;
-	memcpy(&ui, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	i = ui % object_ix_hashsz;
-	while (0 < object_ix[i]) {
-		if (!hashcmp(sha1, objects[object_ix[i] - 1].idx.sha1))
-			return i;
-		if (++i == object_ix_hashsz)
-			i = 0;
-	}
-	return -1 - i;
-}
-
-static struct object_entry *locate_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (!object_ix_hashsz)
-		return NULL;
-
-	i = locate_object_entry_hash(sha1);
-	if (0 <= i)
-		return &objects[object_ix[i]-1];
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static void rehash_objects(void)
-{
-	uint32_t i;
-	struct object_entry *oe;
-
-	object_ix_hashsz = nr_objects * 3;
-	if (object_ix_hashsz < 1024)
-		object_ix_hashsz = 1024;
-	object_ix = xrealloc(object_ix, sizeof(int) * object_ix_hashsz);
-	memset(object_ix, 0, sizeof(int) * object_ix_hashsz);
-	for (i = 0, oe = objects; i < nr_objects; i++, oe++) {
-		int ix = locate_object_entry_hash(oe->idx.sha1);
-		if (0 <= ix)
-			continue;
-		ix = -1 - ix;
-		object_ix[ix] = i + 1;
-	}
-}
-
-static unsigned name_hash(const char *name)
-{
-	unsigned c, hash = 0;
-
-	if (!name)
-		return 0;
-
-	/*
-	 * This effectively just creates a sortable number from the
-	 * last sixteen non-whitespace characters. Last characters
-	 * count "most", so things that end in ".c" sort together.
-	 */
-	while ((c = *name++) != 0) {
-		if (isspace(c))
-			continue;
-		hash = (hash >> 2) + (c << 24);
-	}
-	return hash;
-}
-
 static void setup_delta_attr_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	static struct git_attr *attr_delta;
@@ -822,42 +914,67 @@ static int no_try_delta(const char *path)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
-			    const char *name, int exclude)
+/*
+ * When adding an object, check whether we have already added it
+ * to our packing list. If so, we can skip. However, if we are
+ * being asked to excludei t, but the previous mention was to include
+ * it, make sure to adjust its flags and tweak our numbers accordingly.
+ *
+ * As an optimization, we pass out the index position where we would have
+ * found the item, since that saves us from having to look it up again a
+ * few lines later when we want to add the new entry.
+ */
+static int have_duplicate_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				int exclude,
+				uint32_t *index_pos)
 {
 	struct object_entry *entry;
-	struct packed_git *p, *found_pack = NULL;
-	off_t found_offset = 0;
-	int ix;
-	unsigned hash = name_hash(name);
-
-	ix = nr_objects ? locate_object_entry_hash(sha1) : -1;
-	if (ix >= 0) {
-		if (exclude) {
-			entry = objects + object_ix[ix] - 1;
-			if (!entry->preferred_base)
-				nr_result--;
-			entry->preferred_base = 1;
-		}
+
+	entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, sha1, index_pos);
+	if (!entry)
 		return 0;
+
+	if (exclude) {
+		if (!entry->preferred_base)
+			nr_result--;
+		entry->preferred_base = 1;
 	}
 
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check whether we want the object in the pack (e.g., we do not want
+ * objects found in non-local stores if the "--local" option was used).
+ *
+ * As a side effect of this check, we will find the packed version of this
+ * object, if any. We therefore pass out the pack information to avoid having
+ * to look it up again later.
+ */
+static int want_object_in_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			       int exclude,
+			       struct packed_git **found_pack,
+			       off_t *found_offset)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
 	if (!exclude && local && has_loose_object_nonlocal(sha1))
 		return 0;
 
+	*found_pack = NULL;
+	*found_offset = 0;
+
 	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
 		off_t offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
 		if (offset) {
-			if (!found_pack) {
-				if (!is_pack_valid(p)) {
-					warning("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
+			if (!*found_pack) {
+				if (!is_pack_valid(p))
 					continue;
-				}
-				found_offset = offset;
-				found_pack = p;
+				*found_offset = offset;
+				*found_pack = p;
 			}
 			if (exclude)
-				break;
+				return 1;
 			if (incremental)
 				return 0;
 			if (local && !p->pack_local)
@@ -867,14 +984,21 @@ static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (nr_objects >= nr_alloc) {
-		nr_alloc = (nr_alloc  + 1024) * 3 / 2;
-		objects = xrealloc(objects, nr_alloc * sizeof(*entry));
-	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void create_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				enum object_type type,
+				uint32_t hash,
+				int exclude,
+				int no_try_delta,
+				uint32_t index_pos,
+				struct packed_git *found_pack,
+				off_t found_offset)
+{
+	struct object_entry *entry;
 
-	entry = objects + nr_objects++;
-	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
-	hashcpy(entry->idx.sha1, sha1);
+	entry = packlist_alloc(&to_pack, sha1, index_pos);
 	entry->hash = hash;
 	if (type)
 		entry->type = type;
@@ -887,16 +1011,53 @@ static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 		entry->in_pack_offset = found_offset;
 	}
 
-	if (object_ix_hashsz * 3 <= nr_objects * 4)
-		rehash_objects();
-	else
-		object_ix[-1 - ix] = nr_objects;
+	entry->no_try_delta = no_try_delta;
+}
 
-	display_progress(progress_state, nr_objects);
+static const char no_closure_warning[] = N_(
+"disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+);
 
-	if (name && no_try_delta(name))
-		entry->no_try_delta = 1;
+static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
+			    const char *name, int exclude)
+{
+	struct packed_git *found_pack;
+	off_t found_offset;
+	uint32_t index_pos;
 
+	if (have_duplicate_entry(sha1, exclude, &index_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!want_object_in_pack(sha1, exclude, &found_pack, &found_offset)) {
+		/* The pack is missing an object, so it will not have closure */
+		if (write_bitmap_index) {
+			warning(_(no_closure_warning));
+			write_bitmap_index = 0;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	create_object_entry(sha1, type, pack_name_hash(name),
+			    exclude, name && no_try_delta(name),
+			    index_pos, found_pack, found_offset);
+
+	display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int add_object_entry_from_bitmap(const unsigned char *sha1,
+					enum object_type type,
+					int flags, uint32_t name_hash,
+					struct packed_git *pack, off_t offset)
+{
+	uint32_t index_pos;
+
+	if (have_duplicate_entry(sha1, 0, &index_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	create_object_entry(sha1, type, name_hash, 0, 0, index_pos, pack, offset);
+
+	display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -921,7 +1082,7 @@ static int pbase_tree_cache_ix_incr(int ix)
 static struct pbase_tree {
 	struct pbase_tree *next;
 	/* This is a phony "cache" entry; we are not
-	 * going to evict it nor find it through _get()
+	 * going to evict it or find it through _get()
 	 * mechanism -- this is for the toplevel node that
 	 * would almost always change with any commit.
 	 */
@@ -1031,7 +1192,7 @@ static void add_pbase_object(struct tree_desc *tree,
 		if (cmp < 0)
 			return;
 		if (name[cmplen] != '/') {
-			add_object_entry(entry.sha1,
+			add_object_entry(entry.oid->hash,
 					 object_type(entry.mode),
 					 fullname, 1);
 			return;
@@ -1042,7 +1203,7 @@ static void add_pbase_object(struct tree_desc *tree,
 			const char *down = name+cmplen+1;
 			int downlen = name_cmp_len(down);
 
-			tree = pbase_tree_get(entry.sha1);
+			tree = pbase_tree_get(entry.oid->hash);
 			if (!tree)
 				return;
 			init_tree_desc(&sub, tree->tree_data, tree->tree_size);
@@ -1078,12 +1239,9 @@ static int check_pbase_path(unsigned hash)
 	if (0 <= pos)
 		return 1;
 	pos = -pos - 1;
-	if (done_pbase_paths_alloc <= done_pbase_paths_num) {
-		done_pbase_paths_alloc = alloc_nr(done_pbase_paths_alloc);
-		done_pbase_paths = xrealloc(done_pbase_paths,
-					    done_pbase_paths_alloc *
-					    sizeof(unsigned));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(done_pbase_paths,
+		   done_pbase_paths_num + 1,
+		   done_pbase_paths_alloc);
 	done_pbase_paths_num++;
 	if (pos < done_pbase_paths_num)
 		memmove(done_pbase_paths + pos + 1,
@@ -1097,7 +1255,7 @@ static void add_preferred_base_object(const char *name)
 {
 	struct pbase_tree *it;
 	int cmplen;
-	unsigned hash = name_hash(name);
+	unsigned hash = pack_name_hash(name);
 
 	if (!num_preferred_base || check_pbase_path(hash))
 		return;
@@ -1249,7 +1407,7 @@ static void check_object(struct object_entry *entry)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if (base_ref && (base_entry = locate_object_entry(base_ref))) {
+		if (base_ref && (base_entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, base_ref, NULL))) {
 			/*
 			 * If base_ref was set above that means we wish to
 			 * reuse delta data, and we even found that base
@@ -1323,15 +1481,15 @@ static void get_object_details(void)
 	uint32_t i;
 	struct object_entry **sorted_by_offset;
 
-	sorted_by_offset = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(struct object_entry *));
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++)
-		sorted_by_offset[i] = objects + i;
-	qsort(sorted_by_offset, nr_objects, sizeof(*sorted_by_offset), pack_offset_sort);
+	sorted_by_offset = xcalloc(to_pack.nr_objects, sizeof(struct object_entry *));
+	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++)
+		sorted_by_offset[i] = to_pack.objects + i;
+	qsort(sorted_by_offset, to_pack.nr_objects, sizeof(*sorted_by_offset), pack_offset_sort);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *entry = sorted_by_offset[i];
 		check_object(entry);
-		if (big_file_threshold <= entry->size)
+		if (big_file_threshold < entry->size)
 			entry->no_try_delta = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -1434,11 +1592,16 @@ static int try_delta(struct unpacked *trg, struct unpacked *src,
 		return -1;
 
 	/*
-	 * We do not bother to try a delta that we discarded
-	 * on an earlier try, but only when reusing delta data.
+	 * We do not bother to try a delta that we discarded on an
+	 * earlier try, but only when reusing delta data.  Note that
+	 * src_entry that is marked as the preferred_base should always
+	 * be considered, as even if we produce a suboptimal delta against
+	 * it, we will still save the transfer cost, as we already know
+	 * the other side has it and we won't send src_entry at all.
 	 */
 	if (reuse_delta && trg_entry->in_pack &&
 	    trg_entry->in_pack == src_entry->in_pack &&
+	    !src_entry->preferred_base &&
 	    trg_entry->in_pack_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA &&
 	    trg_entry->in_pack_type != OBJ_OFS_DELTA)
 		return 0;
@@ -1725,7 +1888,7 @@ static void find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, unsigned *list_size,
 static void try_to_free_from_threads(size_t size)
 {
 	read_lock();
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+	release_pack_memory(size);
 	read_unlock();
 }
 
@@ -1816,8 +1979,6 @@ static void ll_find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, unsigned list_size,
 
 	init_threaded_search();
 
-	if (!delta_search_threads)	/* --threads=0 means autodetect */
-		delta_search_threads = online_cpus();
 	if (delta_search_threads <= 1) {
 		find_deltas(list, &list_size, window, depth, processed);
 		cleanup_threaded_search();
@@ -1943,15 +2104,14 @@ static void ll_find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, unsigned list_size,
 #define ll_find_deltas(l, s, w, d, p)	find_deltas(l, &s, w, d, p)
 #endif
 
-static int add_ref_tag(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int add_ref_tag(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	unsigned char peeled[20];
+	struct object_id peeled;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/") && /* is a tag? */
-	    !peel_ref(path, peeled)        && /* peelable? */
-	    !is_null_sha1(peeled)          && /* annotated tag? */
-	    locate_object_entry(peeled))      /* object packed? */
-		add_object_entry(sha1, OBJ_TAG, NULL, 0);
+	if (starts_with(path, "refs/tags/") && /* is a tag? */
+	    !peel_ref(path, peeled.hash)    && /* peelable? */
+	    packlist_find(&to_pack, peeled.hash, NULL))      /* object packed? */
+		add_object_entry(oid->hash, OBJ_TAG, NULL, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1973,14 +2133,14 @@ static void prepare_pack(int window, int depth)
 	if (!pack_to_stdout)
 		do_check_packed_object_crc = 1;
 
-	if (!nr_objects || !window || !depth)
+	if (!to_pack.nr_objects || !window || !depth)
 		return;
 
-	delta_list = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(*delta_list));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(delta_list, to_pack.nr_objects);
 	nr_deltas = n = 0;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
-		struct object_entry *entry = objects + i;
+	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *entry = to_pack.objects + i;
 
 		if (entry->delta)
 			/* This happens if we decided to reuse existing
@@ -2015,7 +2175,7 @@ static void prepare_pack(int window, int depth)
 	if (nr_deltas && n > 1) {
 		unsigned nr_done = 0;
 		if (progress)
-			progress_state = start_progress("Compressing objects",
+			progress_state = start_progress(_("Compressing objects"),
 							nr_deltas);
 		qsort(delta_list, n, sizeof(*delta_list), type_size_sort);
 		ll_find_deltas(delta_list, n, window+1, depth, &nr_done);
@@ -2058,6 +2218,16 @@ static int git_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 		cache_max_small_delta_size = git_config_int(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.writebitmaphashcache")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(k, v))
+			write_bitmap_options |= BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE;
+		else
+			write_bitmap_options &= ~BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.usebitmaps")) {
+		use_bitmap_index = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.threads")) {
 		delta_search_threads = git_config_int(k, v);
 		if (delta_search_threads < 0)
@@ -2114,30 +2284,23 @@ static void read_object_list_from_stdin(void)
 
 static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 {
-	add_object_entry(commit->object.sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, NULL, 0);
+	add_object_entry(commit->object.oid.hash, OBJ_COMMIT, NULL, 0);
 	commit->object.flags |= OBJECT_ADDED;
+
+	if (write_bitmap_index)
+		index_commit_for_bitmap(commit);
 }
 
-static void show_object(struct object *obj,
-			const struct name_path *path, const char *last,
-			void *data)
+static void show_object(struct object *obj, const char *name, void *data)
 {
-	char *name = path_name(path, last);
-
 	add_preferred_base_object(name);
-	add_object_entry(obj->sha1, obj->type, name, 0);
+	add_object_entry(obj->oid.hash, obj->type, name, 0);
 	obj->flags |= OBJECT_ADDED;
-
-	/*
-	 * We will have generated the hash from the name,
-	 * but not saved a pointer to it - we can free it
-	 */
-	free((char *)name);
 }
 
 static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
 {
-	add_preferred_base(commit->object.sha1);
+	add_preferred_base(commit->object.oid.hash);
 }
 
 struct in_pack_object {
@@ -2153,7 +2316,7 @@ struct in_pack {
 
 static void mark_in_pack_object(struct object *object, struct packed_git *p, struct in_pack *in_pack)
 {
-	in_pack->array[in_pack->nr].offset = find_pack_entry_one(object->sha1, p);
+	in_pack->array[in_pack->nr].offset = find_pack_entry_one(object->oid.hash, p);
 	in_pack->array[in_pack->nr].object = object;
 	in_pack->nr++;
 }
@@ -2172,7 +2335,7 @@ static int ofscmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 	else if (a->offset > b->offset)
 		return 1;
 	else
-		return hashcmp(a->object->sha1, b->object->sha1);
+		return oidcmp(&a->object->oid, &b->object->oid);
 }
 
 static void add_objects_in_unpacked_packs(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2210,12 +2373,38 @@ static void add_objects_in_unpacked_packs(struct rev_info *revs)
 		      ofscmp);
 		for (i = 0; i < in_pack.nr; i++) {
 			struct object *o = in_pack.array[i].object;
-			add_object_entry(o->sha1, o->type, "", 0);
+			add_object_entry(o->oid.hash, o->type, "", 0);
 		}
 	}
 	free(in_pack.array);
 }
 
+static int add_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path,
+			    void *data)
+{
+	enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+
+	if (type < 0) {
+		warning("loose object at %s could not be examined", path);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	add_object_entry(sha1, type, "", 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We actually don't even have to worry about reachability here.
+ * add_object_entry will weed out duplicates, so we just add every
+ * loose object we find.
+ */
+static void add_unreachable_loose_objects(void)
+{
+	for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(),
+				      add_loose_object,
+				      NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
 static int has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	static struct packed_git *last_found = (void *)1;
@@ -2239,6 +2428,27 @@ static int has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Store a list of sha1s that are should not be discarded
+ * because they are either written too recently, or are
+ * reachable from another object that was.
+ *
+ * This is filled by get_object_list.
+ */
+static struct sha1_array recent_objects;
+
+static int loosened_object_can_be_discarded(const unsigned char *sha1,
+					    unsigned long mtime)
+{
+	if (!unpack_unreachable_expiration)
+		return 0;
+	if (mtime > unpack_unreachable_expiration)
+		return 0;
+	if (sha1_array_lookup(&recent_objects, sha1) >= 0)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
 static void loosen_unused_packed_objects(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p;
@@ -2254,14 +2464,56 @@ static void loosen_unused_packed_objects(struct rev_info *revs)
 
 		for (i = 0; i < p->num_objects; i++) {
 			sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
-			if (!locate_object_entry(sha1) &&
-				!has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(sha1))
+			if (!packlist_find(&to_pack, sha1, NULL) &&
+			    !has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(sha1) &&
+			    !loosened_object_can_be_discarded(sha1, p->mtime))
 				if (force_object_loose(sha1, p->mtime))
 					die("unable to force loose object");
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * This tracks any options which a reader of the pack might
+ * not understand, and which would therefore prevent blind reuse
+ * of what we have on disk.
+ */
+static int pack_options_allow_reuse(void)
+{
+	return allow_ofs_delta;
+}
+
+static int get_object_list_from_bitmap(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	if (prepare_bitmap_walk(revs) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (pack_options_allow_reuse() &&
+	    !reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap(
+			&reuse_packfile,
+			&reuse_packfile_objects,
+			&reuse_packfile_offset)) {
+		assert(reuse_packfile_objects);
+		nr_result += reuse_packfile_objects;
+		display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
+	}
+
+	traverse_bitmap_commit_list(&add_object_entry_from_bitmap);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void record_recent_object(struct object *obj,
+				 const char *name,
+				 void *data)
+{
+	sha1_array_append(&recent_objects, obj->oid.hash);
+}
+
+static void record_recent_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	sha1_array_append(&recent_objects, commit->object.oid.hash);
+}
+
 static void get_object_list(int ac, const char **av)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
@@ -2272,6 +2524,9 @@ static void get_object_list(int ac, const char **av)
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
 
+	/* make sure shallows are read */
+	is_repository_shallow();
+
 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) != NULL) {
 		int len = strlen(line);
 		if (len && line[len - 1] == '\n')
@@ -2281,42 +2536,169 @@ static void get_object_list(int ac, const char **av)
 		if (*line == '-') {
 			if (!strcmp(line, "--not")) {
 				flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+				write_bitmap_index = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(line, "--shallow ")) {
+				unsigned char sha1[20];
+				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
+					die("not an SHA-1 '%s'", line + 10);
+				register_shallow(sha1);
+				use_bitmap_index = 0;
 				continue;
 			}
 			die("not a rev '%s'", line);
 		}
-		if (handle_revision_arg(line, &revs, flags, 1))
+		if (handle_revision_arg(line, &revs, flags, REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
 			die("bad revision '%s'", line);
 	}
 
+	if (use_bitmap_index && !get_object_list_from_bitmap(&revs))
+		return;
+
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+	mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, show_edge);
 	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
 
+	if (unpack_unreachable_expiration) {
+		revs.ignore_missing_links = 1;
+		if (add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(&revs,
+				unpack_unreachable_expiration))
+			die("unable to add recent objects");
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+			die("revision walk setup failed");
+		traverse_commit_list(&revs, record_recent_commit,
+				     record_recent_object, NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (keep_unreachable)
 		add_objects_in_unpacked_packs(&revs);
+	if (pack_loose_unreachable)
+		add_unreachable_loose_objects();
 	if (unpack_unreachable)
 		loosen_unused_packed_objects(&revs);
+
+	sha1_array_clear(&recent_objects);
+}
+
+static int option_parse_index_version(const struct option *opt,
+				      const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	char *c;
+	const char *val = arg;
+	pack_idx_opts.version = strtoul(val, &c, 10);
+	if (pack_idx_opts.version > 2)
+		die(_("unsupported index version %s"), val);
+	if (*c == ',' && c[1])
+		pack_idx_opts.off32_limit = strtoul(c+1, &c, 0);
+	if (*c || pack_idx_opts.off32_limit & 0x80000000)
+		die(_("bad index version '%s'"), val);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_unpack_unreachable(const struct option *opt,
+					   const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset) {
+		unpack_unreachable = 0;
+		unpack_unreachable_expiration = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		unpack_unreachable = 1;
+		if (arg)
+			unpack_unreachable_expiration = approxidate(arg);
+	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int use_internal_rev_list = 0;
 	int thin = 0;
+	int shallow = 0;
 	int all_progress_implied = 0;
-	uint32_t i;
-	const char **rp_av;
-	int rp_ac_alloc = 64;
-	int rp_ac;
-
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
-
-	rp_av = xcalloc(rp_ac_alloc, sizeof(*rp_av));
+	struct argv_array rp = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int rev_list_unpacked = 0, rev_list_all = 0, rev_list_reflog = 0;
+	int rev_list_index = 0;
+	struct option pack_objects_options[] = {
+		OPT_SET_INT('q', "quiet", &progress,
+			    N_("do not show progress meter"), 0),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &progress,
+			    N_("show progress meter"), 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "all-progress", &progress,
+			    N_("show progress meter during object writing phase"), 2),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all-progress-implied",
+			 &all_progress_implied,
+			 N_("similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-version", NULL, N_("version[,offset]"),
+		  N_("write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"),
+		  0, option_parse_index_version },
+		OPT_MAGNITUDE(0, "max-pack-size", &pack_size_limit,
+			      N_("maximum size of each output pack file")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &local,
+			 N_("ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "incremental", &incremental,
+			 N_("ignore packed objects")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "window", &window,
+			    N_("limit pack window by objects")),
+		OPT_MAGNITUDE(0, "window-memory", &window_memory_limit,
+			      N_("limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "depth", &depth,
+			    N_("maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reuse-delta", &reuse_delta,
+			 N_("reuse existing deltas")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reuse-object", &reuse_object,
+			 N_("reuse existing objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "delta-base-offset", &allow_ofs_delta,
+			 N_("use OFS_DELTA objects")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "threads", &delta_search_threads,
+			    N_("use threads when searching for best delta matches")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "non-empty", &non_empty,
+			 N_("do not create an empty pack output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "revs", &use_internal_rev_list,
+			 N_("read revision arguments from standard input")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "unpacked", &rev_list_unpacked, NULL,
+		  N_("limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "all", &rev_list_all, NULL,
+		  N_("include objects reachable from any reference"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "reflog", &rev_list_reflog, NULL,
+		  N_("include objects referred by reflog entries"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "indexed-objects", &rev_list_index, NULL,
+		  N_("include objects referred to by the index"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &pack_to_stdout,
+			 N_("output pack to stdout")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "include-tag", &include_tag,
+			 N_("include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-unreachable", &keep_unreachable,
+			 N_("keep unreachable objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "pack-loose-unreachable", &pack_loose_unreachable,
+			 N_("pack loose unreachable objects")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "unpack-unreachable", NULL, N_("time"),
+		  N_("unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_unpack_unreachable },
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "thin", &thin,
+			 N_("create thin packs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "shallow", &shallow,
+			 N_("create packs suitable for shallow fetches")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "honor-pack-keep", &ignore_packed_keep,
+			 N_("ignore packs that have companion .keep file")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "compression", &pack_compression_level,
+			    N_("pack compression level")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep-true-parents", &grafts_replace_parents,
+			    N_("do not hide commits by grafts"), 0),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-bitmap-index", &use_bitmap_index,
+			 N_("use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "write-bitmap-index", &write_bitmap_index,
+			 N_("write a bitmap index together with the pack index")),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
 
-	rp_av[0] = "pack-objects";
-	rp_av[1] = "--objects"; /* --thin will make it --objects-edge */
-	rp_ac = 2;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	reset_pack_idx_option(&pack_idx_opts);
 	git_config(git_pack_config, NULL);
@@ -2324,180 +2706,56 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		pack_compression_level = core_compression_level;
 
 	progress = isatty(2);
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *arg = argv[i];
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, pack_objects_options,
+			     pack_usage, 0);
 
-		if (*arg != '-')
-			break;
+	if (argc) {
+		base_name = argv[0];
+		argc--;
+	}
+	if (pack_to_stdout != !base_name || argc)
+		usage_with_options(pack_usage, pack_objects_options);
 
-		if (!strcmp("--non-empty", arg)) {
-			non_empty = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--local", arg)) {
-			local = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--incremental", arg)) {
-			incremental = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--honor-pack-keep", arg)) {
-			ignore_packed_keep = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--compression=")) {
-			char *end;
-			int level = strtoul(arg+14, &end, 0);
-			if (!arg[14] || *end)
-				usage(pack_usage);
-			if (level == -1)
-				level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
-			else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
-				die("bad pack compression level %d", level);
-			pack_compression_level = level;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-pack-size=")) {
-			pack_size_limit_cfg = 0;
-			if (!git_parse_ulong(arg+16, &pack_size_limit))
-				usage(pack_usage);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--window=")) {
-			char *end;
-			window = strtoul(arg+9, &end, 0);
-			if (!arg[9] || *end)
-				usage(pack_usage);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--window-memory=")) {
-			if (!git_parse_ulong(arg+16, &window_memory_limit))
-				usage(pack_usage);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--threads=")) {
-			char *end;
-			delta_search_threads = strtoul(arg+10, &end, 0);
-			if (!arg[10] || *end || delta_search_threads < 0)
-				usage(pack_usage);
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-			if (delta_search_threads != 1)
-				warning("no threads support, "
-					"ignoring %s", arg);
-#endif
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--depth=")) {
-			char *end;
-			depth = strtoul(arg+8, &end, 0);
-			if (!arg[8] || *end)
-				usage(pack_usage);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--progress", arg)) {
-			progress = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--all-progress", arg)) {
-			progress = 2;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--all-progress-implied", arg)) {
-			all_progress_implied = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("-q", arg)) {
-			progress = 0;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--no-reuse-delta", arg)) {
-			reuse_delta = 0;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--no-reuse-object", arg)) {
-			reuse_object = reuse_delta = 0;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--delta-base-offset", arg)) {
-			allow_ofs_delta = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--stdout", arg)) {
-			pack_to_stdout = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--revs", arg)) {
-			use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--keep-unreachable", arg)) {
-			keep_unreachable = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--unpack-unreachable", arg)) {
-			unpack_unreachable = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--include-tag", arg)) {
-			include_tag = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--unpacked", arg) ||
-		    !strcmp("--reflog", arg) ||
-		    !strcmp("--all", arg)) {
-			use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-			if (rp_ac >= rp_ac_alloc - 1) {
-				rp_ac_alloc = alloc_nr(rp_ac_alloc);
-				rp_av = xrealloc(rp_av,
-						 rp_ac_alloc * sizeof(*rp_av));
-			}
-			rp_av[rp_ac++] = arg;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp("--thin", arg)) {
-			use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-			thin = 1;
-			rp_av[1] = "--objects-edge";
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--index-version=")) {
-			char *c;
-			pack_idx_opts.version = strtoul(arg + 16, &c, 10);
-			if (pack_idx_opts.version > 2)
-				die("bad %s", arg);
-			if (*c == ',')
-				pack_idx_opts.off32_limit = strtoul(c+1, &c, 0);
-			if (*c || pack_idx_opts.off32_limit & 0x80000000)
-				die("bad %s", arg);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep-true-parents")) {
-			grafts_replace_parents = 0;
-			continue;
-		}
-		usage(pack_usage);
-	}
-
-	/* Traditionally "pack-objects [options] base extra" failed;
-	 * we would however want to take refs parameter that would
-	 * have been given to upstream rev-list ourselves, which means
-	 * we somehow want to say what the base name is.  So the
-	 * syntax would be:
-	 *
-	 * pack-objects [options] base <refs...>
-	 *
-	 * in other words, we would treat the first non-option as the
-	 * base_name and send everything else to the internal revision
-	 * walker.
-	 */
+	argv_array_push(&rp, "pack-objects");
+	if (thin) {
+		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+		argv_array_push(&rp, shallow
+				? "--objects-edge-aggressive"
+				: "--objects-edge");
+	} else
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--objects");
 
-	if (!pack_to_stdout)
-		base_name = argv[i++];
+	if (rev_list_all) {
+		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--all");
+	}
+	if (rev_list_reflog) {
+		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--reflog");
+	}
+	if (rev_list_index) {
+		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--indexed-objects");
+	}
+	if (rev_list_unpacked) {
+		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--unpacked");
+	}
+
+	if (!reuse_object)
+		reuse_delta = 0;
+	if (pack_compression_level == -1)
+		pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+	else if (pack_compression_level < 0 || pack_compression_level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
+		die("bad pack compression level %d", pack_compression_level);
 
-	if (pack_to_stdout != !base_name)
-		usage(pack_usage);
+	if (!delta_search_threads)	/* --threads=0 means autodetect */
+		delta_search_threads = online_cpus();
 
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+	if (delta_search_threads != 1)
+		warning("no threads support, ignoring --threads");
+#endif
 	if (!pack_to_stdout && !pack_size_limit)
 		pack_size_limit = pack_size_limit_cfg;
 	if (pack_to_stdout && pack_size_limit)
@@ -2512,6 +2770,14 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (keep_unreachable && unpack_unreachable)
 		die("--keep-unreachable and --unpack-unreachable are incompatible.");
+	if (!rev_list_all || !rev_list_reflog || !rev_list_index)
+		unpack_unreachable_expiration = 0;
+
+	if (!use_internal_rev_list || !pack_to_stdout || is_repository_shallow())
+		use_bitmap_index = 0;
+
+	if (pack_to_stdout || !rev_list_all)
+		write_bitmap_index = 0;
 
 	if (progress && all_progress_implied)
 		progress = 2;
@@ -2519,12 +2785,12 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	prepare_packed_git();
 
 	if (progress)
-		progress_state = start_progress("Counting objects", 0);
+		progress_state = start_progress(_("Counting objects"), 0);
 	if (!use_internal_rev_list)
 		read_object_list_from_stdin();
 	else {
-		rp_av[rp_ac] = NULL;
-		get_object_list(rp_ac, rp_av);
+		get_object_list(rp.argc, rp.argv);
+		argv_array_clear(&rp);
 	}
 	cleanup_preferred_base();
 	if (include_tag && nr_result)
diff --git a/builtin/pack-redundant.c b/builtin/pack-redundant.c
index f5c6afc5dd..72c815844d 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-redundant.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-redundant.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #define BLKSIZE 512
 
 static const char pack_redundant_usage[] =
-"git pack-redundant [ --verbose ] [ --alt-odb ] < --all | <.pack filename> ...>";
+"git pack-redundant [--verbose] [--alt-odb] (--all | <filename.pack>...)";
 
 static int load_all_packs, verbose, alt_odb;
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static inline struct llist_item *llist_item_get(void)
 		free_nodes = free_nodes->next;
 	} else {
 		int i = 1;
-		new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct llist_item) * BLKSIZE);
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(new, BLKSIZE);
 		for (; i < BLKSIZE; i++)
 			llist_item_put(&new[i]);
 	}
@@ -301,14 +301,14 @@ static void pll_free(struct pll *l)
  */
 static struct pll * get_permutations(struct pack_list *list, int n)
 {
-	struct pll *subset, *ret = NULL, *new_pll = NULL, *pll;
+	struct pll *subset, *ret = NULL, *new_pll = NULL;
 
 	if (list == NULL || pack_list_size(list) < n || n == 0)
 		return NULL;
 
 	if (n == 1) {
 		while (list) {
-			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(pll));
+			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_pll));
 			new_pll->pl = NULL;
 			pack_list_insert(&new_pll->pl, list);
 			new_pll->next = ret;
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ static struct pll * get_permutations(struct pack_list *list, int n)
 	while (list->next) {
 		subset = get_permutations(list->next, n - 1);
 		while (subset) {
-			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(pll));
+			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_pll));
 			new_pll->pl = subset->pl;
 			pack_list_insert(&new_pll->pl, list);
 			new_pll->next = ret;
diff --git a/builtin/pack-refs.c b/builtin/pack-refs.c
index 39a9d89fbd..39f9a55d16 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-refs.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-refs.c
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static char const * const pack_refs_usage[] = {
-	"git pack-refs [options]",
+	N_("git pack-refs [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ int cmd_pack_refs(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	unsigned int flags = PACK_REFS_PRUNE;
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BIT(0, "all",   &flags, "pack everything", PACK_REFS_ALL),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, "prune loose refs (default)", PACK_REFS_PRUNE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "all",   &flags, N_("pack everything"), PACK_REFS_ALL),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, N_("prune loose refs (default)"), PACK_REFS_PRUNE),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 	if (parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, pack_refs_usage, 0))
diff --git a/builtin/patch-id.c b/builtin/patch-id.c
index 3cfe02d5a5..a84d0003a3 100644
--- a/builtin/patch-id.c
+++ b/builtin/patch-id.c
@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 
-static void flush_current_id(int patchlen, unsigned char *id, git_SHA_CTX *c)
+static void flush_current_id(int patchlen, struct object_id *id, struct object_id *result)
 {
-	unsigned char result[20];
 	char name[50];
 
 	if (!patchlen)
 		return;
 
-	git_SHA1_Final(result, c);
-	memcpy(name, sha1_to_hex(id), 41);
-	printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(result), name);
-	git_SHA1_Init(c);
+	memcpy(name, oid_to_hex(id), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1);
+	printf("%s %s\n", oid_to_hex(result), name);
 }
 
 static int remove_space(char *line)
@@ -56,39 +53,57 @@ static int scan_hunk_header(const char *p, int *p_before, int *p_after)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, git_SHA_CTX *ctx, struct strbuf *line_buf)
+static void flush_one_hunk(struct object_id *result, git_SHA_CTX *ctx)
+{
+	unsigned char hash[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	unsigned short carry = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	git_SHA1_Final(hash, ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Init(ctx);
+	/* 20-byte sum, with carry */
+	for (i = 0; i < GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ; ++i) {
+		carry += result->hash[i] + hash[i];
+		result->hash[i] = carry;
+		carry >>= 8;
+	}
+}
+
+static int get_one_patchid(struct object_id *next_oid, struct object_id *result,
+			   struct strbuf *line_buf, int stable)
 {
 	int patchlen = 0, found_next = 0;
 	int before = -1, after = -1;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	oidclr(result);
 
 	while (strbuf_getwholeline(line_buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
 		char *line = line_buf->buf;
-		char *p = line;
+		const char *p = line;
 		int len;
 
-		if (!memcmp(line, "diff-tree ", 10))
-			p += 10;
-		else if (!memcmp(line, "commit ", 7))
-			p += 7;
-		else if (!memcmp(line, "From ", 5))
-			p += 5;
-		else if (!memcmp(line, "\\ ", 2) && 12 < strlen(line))
+		if (!skip_prefix(line, "diff-tree ", &p) &&
+		    !skip_prefix(line, "commit ", &p) &&
+		    !skip_prefix(line, "From ", &p) &&
+		    starts_with(line, "\\ ") && 12 < strlen(line))
 			continue;
 
-		if (!get_sha1_hex(p, next_sha1)) {
+		if (!get_oid_hex(p, next_oid)) {
 			found_next = 1;
 			break;
 		}
 
 		/* Ignore commit comments */
-		if (!patchlen && memcmp(line, "diff ", 5))
+		if (!patchlen && !starts_with(line, "diff "))
 			continue;
 
 		/* Parsing diff header?  */
 		if (before == -1) {
-			if (!memcmp(line, "index ", 6))
+			if (starts_with(line, "index "))
 				continue;
-			else if (!memcmp(line, "--- ", 4))
+			else if (starts_with(line, "--- "))
 				before = after = 1;
 			else if (!isalpha(line[0]))
 				break;
@@ -96,17 +111,19 @@ static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, git_SHA_CTX *ctx, struct st
 
 		/* Looking for a valid hunk header?  */
 		if (before == 0 && after == 0) {
-			if (!memcmp(line, "@@ -", 4)) {
+			if (starts_with(line, "@@ -")) {
 				/* Parse next hunk, but ignore line numbers.  */
 				scan_hunk_header(line, &before, &after);
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			/* Split at the end of the patch.  */
-			if (memcmp(line, "diff ", 5))
+			if (!starts_with(line, "diff "))
 				break;
 
 			/* Else we're parsing another header.  */
+			if (stable)
+				flush_one_hunk(result, &ctx);
 			before = after = -1;
 		}
 
@@ -119,39 +136,63 @@ static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, git_SHA_CTX *ctx, struct st
 		/* Compute the sha without whitespace */
 		len = remove_space(line);
 		patchlen += len;
-		git_SHA1_Update(ctx, line, len);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, line, len);
 	}
 
 	if (!found_next)
-		hashclr(next_sha1);
+		oidclr(next_oid);
+
+	flush_one_hunk(result, &ctx);
 
 	return patchlen;
 }
 
-static void generate_id_list(void)
+static void generate_id_list(int stable)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20], n[20];
-	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	struct object_id oid, n, result;
 	int patchlen;
 	struct strbuf line_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
-	hashclr(sha1);
+	oidclr(&oid);
 	while (!feof(stdin)) {
-		patchlen = get_one_patchid(n, &ctx, &line_buf);
-		flush_current_id(patchlen, sha1, &ctx);
-		hashcpy(sha1, n);
+		patchlen = get_one_patchid(&n, &result, &line_buf, stable);
+		flush_current_id(patchlen, &oid, &result);
+		oidcpy(&oid, &n);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&line_buf);
 }
 
-static const char patch_id_usage[] = "git patch-id < patch";
+static const char patch_id_usage[] = "git patch-id [--stable | --unstable]";
+
+static int git_patch_id_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	int *stable = cb;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "patchid.stable")) {
+		*stable = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
 
 int cmd_patch_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	if (argc != 1)
+	int stable = -1;
+
+	git_config(git_patch_id_config, &stable);
+
+	/* If nothing is set, default to unstable. */
+	if (stable < 0)
+		stable = 0;
+
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--stable"))
+		stable = 1;
+	else if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--unstable"))
+		stable = 0;
+	else if (argc != 1)
 		usage(patch_id_usage);
 
-	generate_id_list();
+	generate_id_list(stable);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/prune-packed.c b/builtin/prune-packed.c
index f9463deec2..7cf900ea07 100644
--- a/builtin/prune-packed.c
+++ b/builtin/prune-packed.c
@@ -4,77 +4,58 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const prune_packed_usage[] = {
-	"git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]",
+	N_("git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-#define DRY_RUN 01
-#define VERBOSE 02
-
 static struct progress *progress;
 
-static void prune_dir(int i, DIR *dir, char *pathname, int len, int opts)
+static int prune_subdir(int nr, const char *path, void *data)
+{
+	int *opts = data;
+	display_progress(progress, nr + 1);
+	if (!(*opts & PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN))
+		rmdir(path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int prune_object(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path,
+			 void *data)
 {
-	struct dirent *de;
-	char hex[40];
+	int *opts = data;
+
+	if (!has_sha1_pack(sha1))
+		return 0;
 
-	sprintf(hex, "%02x", i);
-	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		if (strlen(de->d_name) != 38)
-			continue;
-		memcpy(hex+2, de->d_name, 38);
-		if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
-			continue;
-		if (!has_sha1_pack(sha1))
-			continue;
-		memcpy(pathname + len, de->d_name, 38);
-		if (opts & DRY_RUN)
-			printf("rm -f %s\n", pathname);
-		else
-			unlink_or_warn(pathname);
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-	}
-	pathname[len] = 0;
-	rmdir(pathname);
+	if (*opts & PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN)
+		printf("rm -f %s\n", path);
+	else
+		unlink_or_warn(path);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 void prune_packed_objects(int opts)
 {
-	int i;
-	static char pathname[PATH_MAX];
-	const char *dir = get_object_directory();
-	int len = strlen(dir);
-
-	if (opts == VERBOSE)
-		progress = start_progress_delay("Removing duplicate objects",
+	if (opts & PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE)
+		progress = start_progress_delay(_("Removing duplicate objects"),
 			256, 95, 2);
 
-	if (len > PATH_MAX - 42)
-		die("impossible object directory");
-	memcpy(pathname, dir, len);
-	if (len && pathname[len-1] != '/')
-		pathname[len++] = '/';
-	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-		DIR *d;
+	for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(),
+				      prune_object, NULL, prune_subdir, &opts);
 
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-		sprintf(pathname + len, "%02x/", i);
-		d = opendir(pathname);
-		if (!d)
-			continue;
-		prune_dir(i, d, pathname, len + 3, opts);
-		closedir(d);
-	}
+	/* Ensure we show 100% before finishing progress */
+	display_progress(progress, 256);
 	stop_progress(&progress);
 }
 
 int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opts = isatty(2) ? VERBOSE : 0;
+	int opts = isatty(2) ? PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE : 0;
 	const struct option prune_packed_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, "dry run", DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, "be quiet", VERBOSE),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"),
+			PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"),
+			   PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/prune.c b/builtin/prune.c
index 58d7cb8324..8f4f052285 100644
--- a/builtin/prune.c
+++ b/builtin/prune.c
@@ -6,10 +6,9 @@
 #include "reachable.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "progress.h"
-#include "dir.h"
 
 static const char * const prune_usage[] = {
-	"git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]",
+	N_("git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 static int show_only;
@@ -17,26 +16,37 @@ static int verbose;
 static unsigned long expire;
 static int show_progress = -1;
 
-static int prune_tmp_object(const char *path, const char *filename)
+static int prune_tmp_file(const char *fullpath)
 {
-	const char *fullpath = mkpath("%s/%s", path, filename);
 	struct stat st;
 	if (lstat(fullpath, &st))
 		return error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
 	if (st.st_mtime > expire)
 		return 0;
-	printf("Removing stale temporary file %s\n", fullpath);
+	if (show_only || verbose)
+		printf("Removing stale temporary file %s\n", fullpath);
 	if (!show_only)
 		unlink_or_warn(fullpath);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int prune_object(char *path, const char *filename, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int prune_object(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *fullpath,
+			void *data)
 {
-	const char *fullpath = mkpath("%s/%s", path, filename);
 	struct stat st;
-	if (lstat(fullpath, &st))
-		return error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
+
+	/*
+	 * Do we know about this object?
+	 * It must have been reachable
+	 */
+	if (lookup_object(sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (lstat(fullpath, &st)) {
+		/* report errors, but do not stop pruning */
+		error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (st.st_mtime > expire)
 		return 0;
 	if (show_only || verbose) {
@@ -49,56 +59,20 @@ static int prune_object(char *path, const char *filename, const unsigned char *s
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int prune_dir(int i, char *path)
+static int prune_cruft(const char *basename, const char *path, void *data)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
-	struct dirent *de;
-
-	if (!dir)
-		return 0;
-
-	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		char name[100];
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
-			continue;
-		if (strlen(de->d_name) == 38) {
-			sprintf(name, "%02x", i);
-			memcpy(name+2, de->d_name, 39);
-			if (get_sha1_hex(name, sha1) < 0)
-				break;
-
-			/*
-			 * Do we know about this object?
-			 * It must have been reachable
-			 */
-			if (lookup_object(sha1))
-				continue;
-
-			prune_object(path, de->d_name, sha1);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_obj_")) {
-			prune_tmp_object(path, de->d_name);
-			continue;
-		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s/%s\n", path, de->d_name);
-	}
-	if (!show_only)
-		rmdir(path);
-	closedir(dir);
+	if (starts_with(basename, "tmp_obj_"))
+		prune_tmp_file(path);
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s\n", path);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void prune_object_dir(const char *path)
+static int prune_subdir(int nr, const char *path, void *data)
 {
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-		static char dir[4096];
-		sprintf(dir, "%s/%02x", path, i);
-		prune_dir(i, dir);
-	}
+	if (!show_only)
+		rmdir(path);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -118,8 +92,8 @@ static void remove_temporary_files(const char *path)
 		return;
 	}
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
-		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_"))
-			prune_tmp_object(path, de->d_name);
+		if (starts_with(de->d_name, "tmp_"))
+			prune_tmp_file(mkpath("%s/%s", path, de->d_name));
 	closedir(dir);
 }
 
@@ -128,29 +102,32 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct progress *progress = NULL;
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "do not remove, show only"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report pruned objects"),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, "show progress"),
-		OPT_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
-			 "expire objects older than <time>"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("do not remove, show only")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report pruned objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
+		OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
+				N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	char *s;
 
 	expire = ULONG_MAX;
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
+	ref_paranoia = 1;
 	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, prune_usage, 0);
+
+	if (repository_format_precious_objects)
+		die(_("cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"));
+
 	while (argc--) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		const char *name = *argv++;
 
 		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die("bad object: %s", name);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, name);
 			add_pending_object(&revs, object, "");
 		}
 		else
@@ -160,16 +137,21 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (show_progress == -1)
 		show_progress = isatty(2);
 	if (show_progress)
-		progress = start_progress_delay("Checking connectivity", 0, 0, 2);
+		progress = start_progress_delay(_("Checking connectivity"), 0, 0, 2);
 
-	mark_reachable_objects(&revs, 1, progress);
+	mark_reachable_objects(&revs, 1, expire, progress);
 	stop_progress(&progress);
-	prune_object_dir(get_object_directory());
+	for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(), prune_object,
+				      prune_cruft, prune_subdir, NULL);
 
-	prune_packed_objects(show_only);
+	prune_packed_objects(show_only ? PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN : 0);
 	remove_temporary_files(get_object_directory());
-	s = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/pack", get_object_directory()));
+	s = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
 	remove_temporary_files(s);
 	free(s);
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		prune_shallow(show_only);
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/pull.c b/builtin/pull.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..897a7f4e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/pull.c
@@ -0,0 +1,931 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git pull"
+ *
+ * Based on git-pull.sh by Junio C Hamano
+ *
+ * Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
+
+enum rebase_type {
+	REBASE_INVALID = -1,
+	REBASE_FALSE = 0,
+	REBASE_TRUE,
+	REBASE_PRESERVE,
+	REBASE_INTERACTIVE
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parses the value of --rebase. If value is a false value, returns
+ * REBASE_FALSE. If value is a true value, returns REBASE_TRUE. If value is
+ * "preserve", returns REBASE_PRESERVE. If value is a invalid value, dies with
+ * a fatal error if fatal is true, otherwise returns REBASE_INVALID.
+ */
+static enum rebase_type parse_config_rebase(const char *key, const char *value,
+		int fatal)
+{
+	int v = git_config_maybe_bool("pull.rebase", value);
+
+	if (!v)
+		return REBASE_FALSE;
+	else if (v > 0)
+		return REBASE_TRUE;
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "preserve"))
+		return REBASE_PRESERVE;
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "interactive"))
+		return REBASE_INTERACTIVE;
+
+	if (fatal)
+		die(_("Invalid value for %s: %s"), key, value);
+	else
+		error(_("Invalid value for %s: %s"), key, value);
+
+	return REBASE_INVALID;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Callback for --rebase, which parses arg with parse_config_rebase().
+ */
+static int parse_opt_rebase(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	enum rebase_type *value = opt->value;
+
+	if (arg)
+		*value = parse_config_rebase("--rebase", arg, 0);
+	else
+		*value = unset ? REBASE_FALSE : REBASE_TRUE;
+	return *value == REBASE_INVALID ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static const char * const pull_usage[] = {
+	N_("git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+/* Shared options */
+static int opt_verbosity;
+static char *opt_progress;
+
+/* Options passed to git-merge or git-rebase */
+static enum rebase_type opt_rebase = -1;
+static char *opt_diffstat;
+static char *opt_log;
+static char *opt_squash;
+static char *opt_commit;
+static char *opt_edit;
+static char *opt_ff;
+static char *opt_verify_signatures;
+static int opt_autostash = -1;
+static int config_autostash;
+static struct argv_array opt_strategies = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array opt_strategy_opts = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static char *opt_gpg_sign;
+static int opt_allow_unrelated_histories;
+
+/* Options passed to git-fetch */
+static char *opt_all;
+static char *opt_append;
+static char *opt_upload_pack;
+static int opt_force;
+static char *opt_tags;
+static char *opt_prune;
+static char *opt_recurse_submodules;
+static char *max_children;
+static int opt_dry_run;
+static char *opt_keep;
+static char *opt_depth;
+static char *opt_unshallow;
+static char *opt_update_shallow;
+static char *opt_refmap;
+
+static struct option pull_options[] = {
+	/* Shared options */
+	OPT__VERBOSITY(&opt_verbosity),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "progress", &opt_progress, NULL,
+		N_("force progress reporting"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+
+	/* Options passed to git-merge or git-rebase */
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Options related to merging")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'r', "rebase", &opt_rebase,
+	  "false|true|preserve|interactive",
+	  N_("incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"),
+	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parse_opt_rebase },
+	OPT_PASSTHRU('n', NULL, &opt_diffstat, NULL,
+		N_("do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "stat", &opt_diffstat, NULL,
+		N_("show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "summary", &opt_diffstat, NULL,
+		N_("(synonym to --stat)"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "log", &opt_log, N_("n"),
+		N_("add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"),
+		PARSE_OPT_OPTARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "squash", &opt_squash, NULL,
+		N_("create a single commit instead of doing a merge"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "commit", &opt_commit, NULL,
+		N_("perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "edit", &opt_edit, NULL,
+		N_("edit message before committing"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "ff", &opt_ff, NULL,
+		N_("allow fast-forward"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "ff-only", &opt_ff, NULL,
+		N_("abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "verify-signatures", &opt_verify_signatures, NULL,
+		N_("verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "autostash", &opt_autostash,
+		N_("automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase")),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV('s', "strategy", &opt_strategies, N_("strategy"),
+		N_("merge strategy to use"),
+		0),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV('X', "strategy-option", &opt_strategy_opts,
+		N_("option=value"),
+		N_("option for selected merge strategy"),
+		0),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU('S', "gpg-sign", &opt_gpg_sign, N_("key-id"),
+		N_("GPG sign commit"),
+		PARSE_OPT_OPTARG),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "allow-unrelated-histories",
+		    &opt_allow_unrelated_histories,
+		    N_("allow merging unrelated histories"), 1),
+
+	/* Options passed to git-fetch */
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Options related to fetching")),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "all", &opt_all, NULL,
+		N_("fetch from all remotes"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU('a', "append", &opt_append, NULL,
+		N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "upload-pack", &opt_upload_pack, N_("path"),
+		N_("path to upload pack on remote end"),
+		0),
+	OPT__FORCE(&opt_force, N_("force overwrite of local branch")),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU('t', "tags", &opt_tags, NULL,
+		N_("fetch all tags and associated objects"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU('p', "prune", &opt_prune, NULL,
+		N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "recurse-submodules", &opt_recurse_submodules,
+		N_("on-demand"),
+		N_("control recursive fetching of submodules"),
+		PARSE_OPT_OPTARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU('j', "jobs", &max_children, N_("n"),
+		N_("number of submodules pulled in parallel"),
+		PARSE_OPT_OPTARG),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &opt_dry_run,
+		N_("dry run")),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU('k', "keep", &opt_keep, NULL,
+		N_("keep downloaded pack"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "depth", &opt_depth, N_("depth"),
+		N_("deepen history of shallow clone"),
+		0),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "unshallow", &opt_unshallow, NULL,
+		N_("convert to a complete repository"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "update-shallow", &opt_update_shallow, NULL,
+		N_("accept refs that update .git/shallow"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "refmap", &opt_refmap, N_("refmap"),
+		N_("specify fetch refmap"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
+
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+/**
+ * Pushes "-q" or "-v" switches into arr to match the opt_verbosity level.
+ */
+static void argv_push_verbosity(struct argv_array *arr)
+{
+	int verbosity;
+
+	for (verbosity = opt_verbosity; verbosity > 0; verbosity--)
+		argv_array_push(arr, "-v");
+
+	for (verbosity = opt_verbosity; verbosity < 0; verbosity++)
+		argv_array_push(arr, "-q");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pushes "-f" switches into arr to match the opt_force level.
+ */
+static void argv_push_force(struct argv_array *arr)
+{
+	int force = opt_force;
+	while (force-- > 0)
+		argv_array_push(arr, "-f");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the GIT_REFLOG_ACTION environment variable to the concatenation of argv
+ */
+static void set_reflog_message(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (i)
+			strbuf_addch(&msg, ' ');
+		strbuf_addstr(&msg, argv[i]);
+	}
+
+	setenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION", msg.buf, 0);
+
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+}
+
+/**
+ * If pull.ff is unset, returns NULL. If pull.ff is "true", returns "--ff". If
+ * pull.ff is "false", returns "--no-ff". If pull.ff is "only", returns
+ * "--ff-only". Otherwise, if pull.ff is set to an invalid value, die with an
+ * error.
+ */
+static const char *config_get_ff(void)
+{
+	const char *value;
+
+	if (git_config_get_value("pull.ff", &value))
+		return NULL;
+
+	switch (git_config_maybe_bool("pull.ff", value)) {
+	case 0:
+		return "--no-ff";
+	case 1:
+		return "--ff";
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(value, "only"))
+		return "--ff-only";
+
+	die(_("Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"), value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the default configured value for --rebase. It first looks for the
+ * value of "branch.$curr_branch.rebase", where $curr_branch is the current
+ * branch, and if HEAD is detached or the configuration key does not exist,
+ * looks for the value of "pull.rebase". If both configuration keys do not
+ * exist, returns REBASE_FALSE.
+ */
+static enum rebase_type config_get_rebase(void)
+{
+	struct branch *curr_branch = branch_get("HEAD");
+	const char *value;
+
+	if (curr_branch) {
+		char *key = xstrfmt("branch.%s.rebase", curr_branch->name);
+
+		if (!git_config_get_value(key, &value)) {
+			enum rebase_type ret = parse_config_rebase(key, value, 1);
+			free(key);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		free(key);
+	}
+
+	if (!git_config_get_value("pull.rebase", &value))
+		return parse_config_rebase("pull.rebase", value, 1);
+
+	return REBASE_FALSE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read config variables.
+ */
+static int git_pull_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "rebase.autostash")) {
+		config_autostash = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns 1 if there are unstaged changes, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int has_unstaged_changes(const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev_info;
+	int result;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev_info, prefix);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev_info.diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev_info.diffopt, QUICK);
+	diff_setup_done(&rev_info.diffopt);
+	result = run_diff_files(&rev_info, 0);
+	return diff_result_code(&rev_info.diffopt, result);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns 1 if there are uncommitted changes, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int has_uncommitted_changes(const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev_info;
+	int result;
+
+	if (is_cache_unborn())
+		return 0;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev_info, prefix);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev_info.diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev_info.diffopt, QUICK);
+	add_head_to_pending(&rev_info);
+	diff_setup_done(&rev_info.diffopt);
+	result = run_diff_index(&rev_info, 1);
+	return diff_result_code(&rev_info.diffopt, result);
+}
+
+/**
+ * If the work tree has unstaged or uncommitted changes, dies with the
+ * appropriate message.
+ */
+static void die_on_unclean_work_tree(const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*lock_file));
+	int do_die = 0;
+
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 0);
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+	update_index_if_able(&the_index, lock_file);
+	rollback_lock_file(lock_file);
+
+	if (has_unstaged_changes(prefix)) {
+		error(_("Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."));
+		do_die = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (has_uncommitted_changes(prefix)) {
+		if (do_die)
+			error(_("Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."));
+		else
+			error(_("Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."));
+		do_die = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (do_die)
+		exit(1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Appends merge candidates from FETCH_HEAD that are not marked not-for-merge
+ * into merge_heads.
+ */
+static void get_merge_heads(struct sha1_array *merge_heads)
+{
+	const char *filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
+	FILE *fp;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	if (!(fp = fopen(filename, "r")))
+		die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), filename);
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, fp) != EOF) {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, sha1))
+			continue;  /* invalid line: does not start with SHA1 */
+		if (starts_with(sb.buf + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ, "\tnot-for-merge\t"))
+			continue;  /* ref is not-for-merge */
+		sha1_array_append(merge_heads, sha1);
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Used by die_no_merge_candidates() as a for_each_remote() callback to
+ * retrieve the name of the remote if the repository only has one remote.
+ */
+static int get_only_remote(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
+{
+	const char **remote_name = cb_data;
+
+	if (*remote_name)
+		return -1;
+
+	*remote_name = remote->name;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dies with the appropriate reason for why there are no merge candidates:
+ *
+ * 1. We fetched from a specific remote, and a refspec was given, but it ended
+ *    up not fetching anything. This is usually because the user provided a
+ *    wildcard refspec which had no matches on the remote end.
+ *
+ * 2. We fetched from a non-default remote, but didn't specify a branch to
+ *    merge. We can't use the configured one because it applies to the default
+ *    remote, thus the user must specify the branches to merge.
+ *
+ * 3. We fetched from the branch's or repo's default remote, but:
+ *
+ *    a. We are not on a branch, so there will never be a configured branch to
+ *       merge with.
+ *
+ *    b. We are on a branch, but there is no configured branch to merge with.
+ *
+ * 4. We fetched from the branch's or repo's default remote, but the configured
+ *    branch to merge didn't get fetched. (Either it doesn't exist, or wasn't
+ *    part of the configured fetch refspec.)
+ */
+static void NORETURN die_no_merge_candidates(const char *repo, const char **refspecs)
+{
+	struct branch *curr_branch = branch_get("HEAD");
+	const char *remote = curr_branch ? curr_branch->remote_name : NULL;
+
+	if (*refspecs) {
+		if (opt_rebase)
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just fetched."));
+		else
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."));
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+					"matches on the remote end."));
+	} else if (repo && curr_branch && (!remote || strcmp(repo, remote))) {
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+			"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+			"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."),
+			repo);
+	} else if (!curr_branch) {
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("You are not currently on a branch."));
+		if (opt_rebase)
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."));
+		else
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Please specify which branch you want to merge with."));
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("See git-pull(1) for details."));
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, "    git pull %s %s", _("<remote>"), _("<branch>"));
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	} else if (!curr_branch->merge_nr) {
+		const char *remote_name = NULL;
+
+		if (for_each_remote(get_only_remote, &remote_name) || !remote_name)
+			remote_name = _("<remote>");
+
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("There is no tracking information for the current branch."));
+		if (opt_rebase)
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."));
+		else
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Please specify which branch you want to merge with."));
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("See git-pull(1) for details."));
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, "    git pull %s %s", _("<remote>"), _("<branch>"));
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"));
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, "    git branch --set-upstream-to=%s/%s %s\n",
+				remote_name, _("<branch>"), curr_branch->name);
+	} else
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+			"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."),
+			*curr_branch->merge_name);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses argv into [<repo> [<refspecs>...]], returning their values in `repo`
+ * as a string and `refspecs` as a null-terminated array of strings. If `repo`
+ * is not provided in argv, it is set to NULL.
+ */
+static void parse_repo_refspecs(int argc, const char **argv, const char **repo,
+		const char ***refspecs)
+{
+	if (argc > 0) {
+		*repo = *argv++;
+		argc--;
+	} else
+		*repo = NULL;
+	*refspecs = argv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runs git-fetch, returning its exit status. `repo` and `refspecs` are the
+ * repository and refspecs to fetch, or NULL if they are not provided.
+ */
+static int run_fetch(const char *repo, const char **refspecs)
+{
+	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	argv_array_pushl(&args, "fetch", "--update-head-ok", NULL);
+
+	/* Shared options */
+	argv_push_verbosity(&args);
+	if (opt_progress)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_progress);
+
+	/* Options passed to git-fetch */
+	if (opt_all)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_all);
+	if (opt_append)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_append);
+	if (opt_upload_pack)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_upload_pack);
+	argv_push_force(&args);
+	if (opt_tags)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_tags);
+	if (opt_prune)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_prune);
+	if (opt_recurse_submodules)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_recurse_submodules);
+	if (max_children)
+		argv_array_push(&args, max_children);
+	if (opt_dry_run)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--dry-run");
+	if (opt_keep)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_keep);
+	if (opt_depth)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_depth);
+	if (opt_unshallow)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_unshallow);
+	if (opt_update_shallow)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_update_shallow);
+	if (opt_refmap)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_refmap);
+
+	if (repo) {
+		argv_array_push(&args, repo);
+		argv_array_pushv(&args, refspecs);
+	} else if (*refspecs)
+		die("BUG: refspecs without repo?");
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * "Pulls into void" by branching off merge_head.
+ */
+static int pull_into_void(const unsigned char *merge_head,
+		const unsigned char *curr_head)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Two-way merge: we treat the index as based on an empty tree,
+	 * and try to fast-forward to HEAD. This ensures we will not lose
+	 * index/worktree changes that the user already made on the unborn
+	 * branch.
+	 */
+	if (checkout_fast_forward(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN, merge_head, 0))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", merge_head, curr_head, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR))
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runs git-merge, returning its exit status.
+ */
+static int run_merge(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+	argv_array_pushl(&args, "merge", NULL);
+
+	/* Shared options */
+	argv_push_verbosity(&args);
+	if (opt_progress)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_progress);
+
+	/* Options passed to git-merge */
+	if (opt_diffstat)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_diffstat);
+	if (opt_log)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_log);
+	if (opt_squash)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_squash);
+	if (opt_commit)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_commit);
+	if (opt_edit)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_edit);
+	if (opt_ff)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_ff);
+	if (opt_verify_signatures)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_verify_signatures);
+	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_strategies.argv);
+	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_strategy_opts.argv);
+	if (opt_gpg_sign)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_gpg_sign);
+	if (opt_allow_unrelated_histories > 0)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--allow-unrelated-histories");
+
+	argv_array_push(&args, "FETCH_HEAD");
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns remote's upstream branch for the current branch. If remote is NULL,
+ * the current branch's configured default remote is used. Returns NULL if
+ * `remote` does not name a valid remote, HEAD does not point to a branch,
+ * remote is not the branch's configured remote or the branch does not have any
+ * configured upstream branch.
+ */
+static const char *get_upstream_branch(const char *remote)
+{
+	struct remote *rm;
+	struct branch *curr_branch;
+	const char *curr_branch_remote;
+
+	rm = remote_get(remote);
+	if (!rm)
+		return NULL;
+
+	curr_branch = branch_get("HEAD");
+	if (!curr_branch)
+		return NULL;
+
+	curr_branch_remote = remote_for_branch(curr_branch, NULL);
+	assert(curr_branch_remote);
+
+	if (strcmp(curr_branch_remote, rm->name))
+		return NULL;
+
+	return branch_get_upstream(curr_branch, NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Derives the remote tracking branch from the remote and refspec.
+ *
+ * FIXME: The current implementation assumes the default mapping of
+ * refs/heads/<branch_name> to refs/remotes/<remote_name>/<branch_name>.
+ */
+static const char *get_tracking_branch(const char *remote, const char *refspec)
+{
+	struct refspec *spec;
+	const char *spec_src;
+	const char *merge_branch;
+
+	spec = parse_fetch_refspec(1, &refspec);
+	spec_src = spec->src;
+	if (!*spec_src || !strcmp(spec_src, "HEAD"))
+		spec_src = "HEAD";
+	else if (skip_prefix(spec_src, "heads/", &spec_src))
+		;
+	else if (skip_prefix(spec_src, "refs/heads/", &spec_src))
+		;
+	else if (starts_with(spec_src, "refs/") ||
+		starts_with(spec_src, "tags/") ||
+		starts_with(spec_src, "remotes/"))
+		spec_src = "";
+
+	if (*spec_src) {
+		if (!strcmp(remote, "."))
+			merge_branch = mkpath("refs/heads/%s", spec_src);
+		else
+			merge_branch = mkpath("refs/remotes/%s/%s", remote, spec_src);
+	} else
+		merge_branch = NULL;
+
+	free_refspec(1, spec);
+	return merge_branch;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Given the repo and refspecs, sets fork_point to the point at which the
+ * current branch forked from its remote tracking branch. Returns 0 on success,
+ * -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int get_rebase_fork_point(unsigned char *fork_point, const char *repo,
+		const char *refspec)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct branch *curr_branch;
+	const char *remote_branch;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	curr_branch = branch_get("HEAD");
+	if (!curr_branch)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (refspec)
+		remote_branch = get_tracking_branch(repo, refspec);
+	else
+		remote_branch = get_upstream_branch(repo);
+
+	if (!remote_branch)
+		return -1;
+
+	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "merge-base", "--fork-point",
+			remote_branch, curr_branch->name, NULL);
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.no_stderr = 1;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+
+	ret = capture_command(&cp, &sb, GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ);
+	if (ret)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, fork_point);
+	if (ret)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+cleanup:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets merge_base to the octopus merge base of curr_head, merge_head and
+ * fork_point. Returns 0 if a merge base is found, 1 otherwise.
+ */
+static int get_octopus_merge_base(unsigned char *merge_base,
+		const unsigned char *curr_head,
+		const unsigned char *merge_head,
+		const unsigned char *fork_point)
+{
+	struct commit_list *revs = NULL, *result;
+
+	commit_list_insert(lookup_commit_reference(curr_head), &revs);
+	commit_list_insert(lookup_commit_reference(merge_head), &revs);
+	if (!is_null_sha1(fork_point))
+		commit_list_insert(lookup_commit_reference(fork_point), &revs);
+
+	result = reduce_heads(get_octopus_merge_bases(revs));
+	free_commit_list(revs);
+	if (!result)
+		return 1;
+
+	hashcpy(merge_base, result->item->object.oid.hash);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Given the current HEAD SHA1, the merge head returned from git-fetch and the
+ * fork point calculated by get_rebase_fork_point(), runs git-rebase with the
+ * appropriate arguments and returns its exit status.
+ */
+static int run_rebase(const unsigned char *curr_head,
+		const unsigned char *merge_head,
+		const unsigned char *fork_point)
+{
+	int ret;
+	unsigned char oct_merge_base[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+	if (!get_octopus_merge_base(oct_merge_base, curr_head, merge_head, fork_point))
+		if (!is_null_sha1(fork_point) && !hashcmp(oct_merge_base, fork_point))
+			fork_point = NULL;
+
+	argv_array_push(&args, "rebase");
+
+	/* Shared options */
+	argv_push_verbosity(&args);
+
+	/* Options passed to git-rebase */
+	if (opt_rebase == REBASE_PRESERVE)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--preserve-merges");
+	else if (opt_rebase == REBASE_INTERACTIVE)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--interactive");
+	if (opt_diffstat)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_diffstat);
+	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_strategies.argv);
+	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_strategy_opts.argv);
+	if (opt_gpg_sign)
+		argv_array_push(&args, opt_gpg_sign);
+	if (opt_autostash == 0)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--no-autostash");
+	else if (opt_autostash == 1)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--autostash");
+	if (opt_verify_signatures &&
+	    !strcmp(opt_verify_signatures, "--verify-signatures"))
+		warning(_("ignoring --verify-signatures for rebase"));
+
+	argv_array_push(&args, "--onto");
+	argv_array_push(&args, sha1_to_hex(merge_head));
+
+	if (fork_point && !is_null_sha1(fork_point))
+		argv_array_push(&args, sha1_to_hex(fork_point));
+	else
+		argv_array_push(&args, sha1_to_hex(merge_head));
+
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int cmd_pull(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *repo, **refspecs;
+	struct sha1_array merge_heads = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	unsigned char orig_head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], curr_head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	unsigned char rebase_fork_point[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+
+	if (!getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"))
+		set_reflog_message(argc, argv);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, pull_options, pull_usage, 0);
+
+	parse_repo_refspecs(argc, argv, &repo, &refspecs);
+
+	if (!opt_ff)
+		opt_ff = xstrdup_or_null(config_get_ff());
+
+	if (opt_rebase < 0)
+		opt_rebase = config_get_rebase();
+
+	git_config(git_pull_config, NULL);
+
+	if (read_cache_unmerged())
+		die_resolve_conflict("Pull");
+
+	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
+		die_conclude_merge();
+
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", orig_head))
+		hashclr(orig_head);
+
+	if (!opt_rebase && opt_autostash != -1)
+		die(_("--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."));
+
+	if (opt_rebase) {
+		int autostash = config_autostash;
+		if (opt_autostash != -1)
+			autostash = opt_autostash;
+
+		if (is_null_sha1(orig_head) && !is_cache_unborn())
+			die(_("Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."));
+
+		if (!autostash)
+			die_on_unclean_work_tree(prefix);
+
+		if (get_rebase_fork_point(rebase_fork_point, repo, *refspecs))
+			hashclr(rebase_fork_point);
+	}
+
+	if (run_fetch(repo, refspecs))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (opt_dry_run)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", curr_head))
+		hashclr(curr_head);
+
+	if (!is_null_sha1(orig_head) && !is_null_sha1(curr_head) &&
+			hashcmp(orig_head, curr_head)) {
+		/*
+		 * The fetch involved updating the current branch.
+		 *
+		 * The working tree and the index file are still based on
+		 * orig_head commit, but we are merging into curr_head.
+		 * Update the working tree to match curr_head.
+		 */
+
+		warning(_("fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+			"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+			"commit %s."), sha1_to_hex(orig_head));
+
+		if (checkout_fast_forward(orig_head, curr_head, 0))
+			die(_("Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+				"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+				"$ git diff %s\n"
+				"output, run\n"
+				"$ git reset --hard\n"
+				"to recover."), sha1_to_hex(orig_head));
+	}
+
+	get_merge_heads(&merge_heads);
+
+	if (!merge_heads.nr)
+		die_no_merge_candidates(repo, refspecs);
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(orig_head)) {
+		if (merge_heads.nr > 1)
+			die(_("Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."));
+		return pull_into_void(*merge_heads.sha1, curr_head);
+	} else if (opt_rebase) {
+		if (merge_heads.nr > 1)
+			die(_("Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."));
+		return run_rebase(curr_head, *merge_heads.sha1, rebase_fork_point);
+	} else
+		return run_merge();
+}
diff --git a/builtin/push.c b/builtin/push.c
index 35cce532f2..4e9e4dbab2 100644
--- a/builtin/push.c
+++ b/builtin/push.c
@@ -9,17 +9,23 @@
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
+#include "send-pack.h"
 
 static const char * const push_usage[] = {
-	"git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]",
+	N_("git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
 	NULL,
 };
 
-static int thin;
+static int thin = 1;
 static int deleterefs;
 static const char *receivepack;
 static int verbosity;
-static int progress;
+static int progress = -1;
+static int recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
+static enum transport_family family;
+
+static struct push_cas_option cas;
 
 static const char **refspec;
 static int refspec_nr;
@@ -32,51 +38,140 @@ static void add_refspec(const char *ref)
 	refspec[refspec_nr-1] = ref;
 }
 
-static void set_refspecs(const char **refs, int nr)
+static const char *map_refspec(const char *ref,
+			       struct remote *remote, struct ref *local_refs)
 {
+	struct ref *matched = NULL;
+
+	/* Does "ref" uniquely name our ref? */
+	if (count_refspec_match(ref, local_refs, &matched) != 1)
+		return ref;
+
+	if (remote->push) {
+		struct refspec query;
+		memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+		query.src = matched->name;
+		if (!query_refspecs(remote->push, remote->push_refspec_nr, &query) &&
+		    query.dst) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s:%s",
+				    query.force ? "+" : "",
+				    query.src, query.dst);
+			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (push_default == PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM &&
+	    starts_with(matched->name, "refs/heads/")) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(matched->name + 11);
+		if (branch->merge_nr == 1 && branch->merge[0]->src) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:%s",
+				    ref, branch->merge[0]->src);
+			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static void set_refspecs(const char **refs, int nr, const char *repo)
+{
+	struct remote *remote = NULL;
+	struct ref *local_refs = NULL;
 	int i;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 		const char *ref = refs[i];
 		if (!strcmp("tag", ref)) {
-			char *tag;
-			int len;
+			struct strbuf tagref = STRBUF_INIT;
 			if (nr <= ++i)
 				die(_("tag shorthand without <tag>"));
-			len = strlen(refs[i]) + 11;
-			if (deleterefs) {
-				tag = xmalloc(len+1);
-				strcpy(tag, ":refs/tags/");
-			} else {
-				tag = xmalloc(len);
-				strcpy(tag, "refs/tags/");
+			ref = refs[i];
+			if (deleterefs)
+				strbuf_addf(&tagref, ":refs/tags/%s", ref);
+			else
+				strbuf_addf(&tagref, "refs/tags/%s", ref);
+			ref = strbuf_detach(&tagref, NULL);
+		} else if (deleterefs) {
+			struct strbuf delref = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (strchr(ref, ':'))
+				die(_("--delete only accepts plain target ref names"));
+			strbuf_addf(&delref, ":%s", ref);
+			ref = strbuf_detach(&delref, NULL);
+		} else if (!strchr(ref, ':')) {
+			if (!remote) {
+				/* lazily grab remote and local_refs */
+				remote = remote_get(repo);
+				local_refs = get_local_heads();
 			}
-			strcat(tag, refs[i]);
-			ref = tag;
-		} else if (deleterefs && !strchr(ref, ':')) {
-			char *delref;
-			int len = strlen(ref)+1;
-			delref = xmalloc(len+1);
-			strcpy(delref, ":");
-			strcat(delref, ref);
-			ref = delref;
-		} else if (deleterefs)
-			die(_("--delete only accepts plain target ref names"));
+			ref = map_refspec(ref, remote, local_refs);
+		}
 		add_refspec(ref);
 	}
 }
 
-static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote)
+static int push_url_of_remote(struct remote *remote, const char ***url_p)
+{
+	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
+		*url_p = remote->pushurl;
+		return remote->pushurl_nr;
+	}
+	*url_p = remote->url;
+	return remote->url_nr;
+}
+
+static NORETURN int die_push_simple(struct branch *branch, struct remote *remote) {
+	/*
+	 * There's no point in using shorten_unambiguous_ref here,
+	 * as the ambiguity would be on the remote side, not what
+	 * we have locally. Plus, this is supposed to be the simple
+	 * mode. If the user is doing something crazy like setting
+	 * upstream to a non-branch, we should probably be showing
+	 * them the big ugly fully qualified ref.
+	 */
+	const char *advice_maybe = "";
+	const char *short_upstream = branch->merge[0]->src;
+
+	skip_prefix(short_upstream, "refs/heads/", &short_upstream);
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't show advice for people who explicitly set
+	 * push.default.
+	 */
+	if (push_default == PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		advice_maybe = _("\n"
+				 "To choose either option permanently, "
+				 "see push.default in 'git help config'.");
+	die(_("The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+	      "the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+	      "on the remote, use\n"
+	      "\n"
+	      "    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+	      "\n"
+	      "To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+	      "\n"
+	      "    git push %s %s\n"
+	      "%s"),
+	    remote->name, short_upstream,
+	    remote->name, branch->name, advice_maybe);
+}
+
+static const char message_detached_head_die[] =
+	N_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+	   "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+	   "state now, use\n"
+	   "\n"
+	   "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n");
+
+static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, struct branch *branch,
+				int triangular, int simple)
 {
 	struct strbuf refspec = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+
 	if (!branch)
-		die(_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
-		    "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
-		    "state now, use\n"
-		    "\n"
-		    "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"),
-		    remote->name);
-	if (!branch->merge_nr || !branch->merge)
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
+	if (!branch->merge_nr || !branch->merge || !branch->remote_name)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
 		    "To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
 		    "\n"
@@ -87,24 +182,60 @@ static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote)
 	if (branch->merge_nr != 1)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, "
 		    "refusing to push."), branch->name);
+	if (triangular)
+		die(_("You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+		      "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+		      "to update which remote branch."),
+		    remote->name, branch->name);
+
+	if (simple) {
+		/* Additional safety */
+		if (strcmp(branch->refname, branch->merge[0]->src))
+			die_push_simple(branch, remote);
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addf(&refspec, "%s:%s", branch->name, branch->merge[0]->src);
 	add_refspec(refspec.buf);
 }
 
+static void setup_push_current(struct remote *remote, struct branch *branch)
+{
+	if (!branch)
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
+	add_refspec(branch->name);
+}
+
+static int is_workflow_triangular(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct remote *fetch_remote = remote_get(NULL);
+	return (fetch_remote && fetch_remote != remote);
+}
+
 static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 {
+	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+	int triangular = is_workflow_triangular(remote);
+
 	switch (push_default) {
 	default:
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING:
 		add_refspec(":");
 		break;
 
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED:
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE:
+		if (triangular)
+			setup_push_current(remote, branch);
+		else
+			setup_push_upstream(remote, branch, triangular, 1);
+		break;
+
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM:
-		setup_push_upstream(remote);
+		setup_push_upstream(remote, branch, triangular, 0);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
-		add_refspec("HEAD");
+		setup_push_current(remote, branch);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
@@ -114,35 +245,109 @@ static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 	}
 }
 
+static const char message_advice_pull_before_push[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+	   "its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+	   "'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_checkout_pull_push[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+	   "counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+	   "(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_fetch_first[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+	   "not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+	   "to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+	   "(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_already_exists[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_needs_force[] =
+	N_("You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "without using the '--force' option.\n");
+
+static void advise_pull_before_push(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_pull_before_push));
+}
+
+static void advise_checkout_pull_push(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_matching || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_checkout_pull_push));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_already_exists(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_already_exists || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_already_exists));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_fetch_first(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_fetch_first || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_fetch_first));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_needs_force(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_needs_force || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_needs_force));
+}
+
 static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 {
 	int err;
-	int nonfastforward;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
 
 	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
+	transport->family = family;
 
 	if (receivepack)
 		transport_set_option(transport,
 				     TRANS_OPT_RECEIVEPACK, receivepack);
-	if (thin)
-		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, "yes");
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, thin ? "yes" : NULL);
+
+	if (!is_empty_cas(&cas)) {
+		if (!transport->smart_options)
+			die("underlying transport does not support --%s option",
+			    CAS_OPT_NAME);
+		transport->smart_options->cas = &cas;
+	}
 
 	if (verbosity > 0)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Pushing to %s\n"), transport->url);
 	err = transport_push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags,
-			     &nonfastforward);
+			     &reject_reasons);
 	if (err != 0)
 		error(_("failed to push some refs to '%s'"), transport->url);
 
 	err |= transport_disconnect(transport);
-
 	if (!err)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (nonfastforward && advice_push_nonfastforward) {
-		fprintf(stderr, _("To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n"
-				"Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the\n"
-				"'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n"));
+	if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD) {
+		advise_pull_before_push();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER) {
+		advise_checkout_pull_push();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+		advise_ref_already_exists();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+		advise_ref_fetch_first();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+		advise_ref_needs_force();
 	}
 
 	return 1;
@@ -151,7 +356,7 @@ static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
 {
 	int i, errs;
-	struct remote *remote = remote_get(repo);
+	struct remote *remote = pushremote_get(repo);
 	const char **url;
 	int url_nr;
 
@@ -196,13 +401,7 @@ static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
 			setup_default_push_refspecs(remote);
 	}
 	errs = 0;
-	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
-		url = remote->pushurl;
-		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
-	} else {
-		url = remote->url;
-		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
-	}
+	url_nr = push_url_of_remote(remote, &url);
 	if (url_nr) {
 		for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++) {
 			struct transport *transport =
@@ -223,62 +422,145 @@ static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
 static int option_parse_recurse_submodules(const struct option *opt,
 				   const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	int *flags = opt->value;
-	if (arg) {
-		if (!strcmp(arg, "check"))
-			*flags |= TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK;
-		else
-			die("bad %s argument: %s", opt->long_name, arg);
-	} else
-		die("option %s needs an argument (check)", opt->long_name);
+	int *recurse_submodules = opt->value;
+
+	if (unset)
+		*recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
+	else if (arg)
+		*recurse_submodules = parse_push_recurse_submodules_arg(opt->long_name, arg);
+	else
+		die("%s missing parameter", opt->long_name);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void set_push_cert_flags(int *flags, int v)
+{
+	switch (v) {
+	case SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER:
+		*flags &= ~(TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS | TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED);
+		break;
+	case SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS:
+		*flags |= TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS;
+		*flags &= ~TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED;
+		break;
+	case SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED:
+		*flags |= TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED;
+		*flags &= ~TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+
+static int git_push_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	int *flags = cb;
+	int status;
+
+	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "push.followtags")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(k, v))
+			*flags |= TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS;
+		else
+			*flags &= ~TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(k, "push.gpgsign")) {
+		const char *value;
+		if (!git_config_get_value("push.gpgsign", &value)) {
+			switch (git_config_maybe_bool("push.gpgsign", value)) {
+			case 0:
+				set_push_cert_flags(flags, SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER);
+				break;
+			case 1:
+				set_push_cert_flags(flags, SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS);
+				break;
+			default:
+				if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "if-asked"))
+					set_push_cert_flags(flags, SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED);
+				else
+					return error("Invalid value for '%s'", k);
+			}
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(k, "push.recursesubmodules")) {
+		const char *value;
+		if (!git_config_get_value("push.recursesubmodules", &value))
+			recurse_submodules = parse_push_recurse_submodules_arg(k, value);
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(k, v, NULL);
+}
+
 int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int flags = 0;
 	int tags = 0;
+	int push_cert = -1;
 	int rc;
 	const char *repo = NULL;	/* default repository */
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "repo", &repo, "repository", "repository"),
-		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, "push all refs", TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
-		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, "mirror all refs",
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "repo", &repo, N_("repository"), N_("repository")),
+		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, N_("push all refs"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
+		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, N_("mirror all refs"),
 			    (TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR|TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE)),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, "delete refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "tags", &tags, "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"),
-		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, "dry run", TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, "machine-readable output", TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, "force updates", TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", &flags, "check",
-			"controls recursive pushing of submodules",
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &deleterefs, N_("delete refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "tags", &tags, N_("push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)")),
+		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, N_("dry run"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, N_("machine-readable output"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, N_("force updates"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK,
+		  0, CAS_OPT_NAME, &cas, N_("refname>:<expect"),
+		  N_("require old value of ref to be at this value"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_push_cas_option },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", &recurse_submodules, "check|on-demand|no",
+			N_("control recursive pushing of submodules"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "thin", &thin, "use thin pack"),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", "receive pack program"),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", "receive pack program"),
-		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, "set upstream for git pull/status",
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "thin", &thin, N_("use thin pack")),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
+		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, N_("set upstream for git pull/status"),
 			TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "progress", &progress, "force progress reporting"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, N_("prune locally removed refs"),
+			TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "no-verify", &flags, N_("bypass pre-push hook"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "follow-tags", &flags, N_("push missing but relevant tags"),
+			TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK,
+		  0, "signed", &push_cert, "yes|no|if-asked", N_("GPG sign the push"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_push_signed },
+		OPT_BIT(0, "atomic", &flags, N_("request atomic transaction on remote side"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_ATOMIC),
+		OPT_SET_INT('4', "ipv4", &family, N_("use IPv4 addresses only"),
+				TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4),
+		OPT_SET_INT('6', "ipv6", &family, N_("use IPv6 addresses only"),
+				TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	packet_trace_identity("push");
-	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	git_config(git_push_config, &flags);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, push_usage, 0);
+	set_push_cert_flags(&flags, push_cert);
 
 	if (deleterefs && (tags || (flags & (TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL | TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR))))
 		die(_("--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"));
 	if (deleterefs && argc < 2)
 		die(_("--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"));
 
+	if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK)
+		flags |= TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK;
+	else if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND)
+		flags |= TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND;
+
 	if (tags)
 		add_refspec("refs/tags/*");
 
 	if (argc > 0) {
 		repo = argv[0];
-		set_refspecs(argv + 1, argc - 1);
+		set_refspecs(argv + 1, argc - 1, repo);
 	}
 
 	rc = do_push(repo, flags);
diff --git a/builtin/read-tree.c b/builtin/read-tree.c
index df6c4c8819..8c693e7568 100644
--- a/builtin/read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/read-tree.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ static int list_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
 }
 
 static const char * const read_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])",
+	N_("git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ static int exclude_per_directory_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void debug_stage(const char *label, struct cache_entry *ce,
+static void debug_stage(const char *label, const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	printf("%s ", label);
@@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ static void debug_stage(const char *label, struct cache_entry *ce,
 		       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 }
 
-static int debug_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int debug_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ static int debug_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options
 	debug_stage("index", stages[0], o);
 	for (i = 1; i <= o->merge_size; i++) {
 		char buf[24];
-		sprintf(buf, "ent#%d", i);
+		xsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "ent#%d", i);
 		debug_stage(buf, stages[i], o);
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -98,43 +100,43 @@ static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
 int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd, stage = 0;
+	int i, stage = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	int prefix_set = 0;
 	const struct option read_tree_options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, "file",
-		  "write resulting index to <file>",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, N_("file"),
+		  N_("write resulting index to <file>"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, index_output_cb },
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "empty", &read_empty,
-			    "only empty the index", 1),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update, "be verbose"),
-		OPT_GROUP("Merging"),
+			    N_("only empty the index"), 1),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Merging")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('m', NULL, &opts.merge,
-			    "perform a merge in addition to a read", 1),
+			    N_("perform a merge in addition to a read"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "trivial", &opts.trivial_merges_only,
-			    "3-way merge if no file level merging required", 1),
+			    N_("3-way merge if no file level merging required"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "aggressive", &opts.aggressive,
-			    "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes", 1),
+			    N_("3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "reset", &opts.reset,
-			    "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries", 1),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &opts.prefix, "<subdirectory>/",
-		  "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/",
+			    N_("same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"), 1),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &opts.prefix, N_("<subdirectory>/"),
+		  N_("read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
 		OPT_SET_INT('u', NULL, &opts.update,
-			    "update working tree with merge result", 1),
+			    N_("update working tree with merge result"), 1),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-per-directory", &opts,
-		  "gitignore",
-		  "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten",
+		  N_("gitignore"),
+		  N_("allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_per_directory_cb },
 		OPT_SET_INT('i', NULL, &opts.index_only,
-			    "don't check the working tree after merging", 1),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&opts.dry_run, "don't update the index or the work tree"),
+			    N_("don't check the working tree after merging"), 1),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&opts.dry_run, N_("don't update the index or the work tree")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "no-sparse-checkout", &opts.skip_sparse_checkout,
-			    "skip applying sparse checkout filter", 1),
+			    N_("skip applying sparse checkout filter"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "debug-unpack", &opts.debug_unpack,
-			    "debug unpack-trees", 1),
+			    N_("debug unpack-trees"), 1),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -148,12 +150,21 @@ int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, unused_prefix, read_tree_options,
 			     read_tree_usage, 0);
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 
 	prefix_set = opts.prefix ? 1 : 0;
 	if (1 < opts.merge + opts.reset + prefix_set)
 		die("Which one? -m, --reset, or --prefix?");
 
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK
+	 *
+	 * The old index should be read anyway even if we're going to
+	 * destroy all index entries because we still need to preserve
+	 * certain information such as index version or split-index
+	 * mode.
+	 */
+
 	if (opts.reset || opts.merge || opts.prefix) {
 		if (read_cache_unmerged() && (opts.prefix || opts.merge))
 			die("You need to resolve your current index first");
@@ -177,7 +188,7 @@ int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 
 	if (1 < opts.index_only + opts.update)
 		die("-u and -i at the same time makes no sense");
-	if ((opts.update||opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
+	if ((opts.update || opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
 		die("%s is meaningless without -m, --reset, or --prefix",
 		    opts.update ? "-u" : "-i");
 	if ((opts.dir && !opts.update))
@@ -230,10 +241,9 @@ int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 	 * what came from the tree.
 	 */
 	if (nr_trees == 1 && !opts.prefix)
-		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, trees[0]);
+		prime_cache_tree(&the_index, trees[0]);
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die("unable to write new index file");
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index d2dcb7e4af..15c323a7cd 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
@@ -8,18 +9,29 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
 #include "connected.h"
-
-static const char receive_pack_usage[] = "git receive-pack <git-dir>";
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+static const char * const receive_pack_usage[] = {
+	N_("git receive-pack <git-dir>"),
+	NULL
+};
 
 enum deny_action {
 	DENY_UNCONFIGURED,
 	DENY_IGNORE,
 	DENY_WARN,
-	DENY_REFUSE
+	DENY_REFUSE,
+	DENY_UPDATE_INSTEAD
 };
 
 static int deny_deletes;
@@ -28,17 +40,41 @@ static enum deny_action deny_current_branch = DENY_UNCONFIGURED;
 static enum deny_action deny_delete_current = DENY_UNCONFIGURED;
 static int receive_fsck_objects = -1;
 static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
+static struct strbuf fsck_msg_types = STRBUF_INIT;
 static int receive_unpack_limit = -1;
 static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int advertise_atomic_push = 1;
 static int unpack_limit = 100;
 static int report_status;
 static int use_sideband;
+static int use_atomic;
+static int quiet;
 static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
 static int auto_update_server_info;
 static int auto_gc = 1;
+static int reject_thin;
+static int stateless_rpc;
+static const char *service_dir;
 static const char *head_name;
 static void *head_name_to_free;
 static int sent_capabilities;
+static int shallow_update;
+static const char *alt_shallow_file;
+static struct strbuf push_cert = STRBUF_INIT;
+static unsigned char push_cert_sha1[20];
+static struct signature_check sigcheck;
+static const char *push_cert_nonce;
+static const char *cert_nonce_seed;
+
+static const char *NONCE_UNSOLICITED = "UNSOLICITED";
+static const char *NONCE_BAD = "BAD";
+static const char *NONCE_MISSING = "MISSING";
+static const char *NONCE_OK = "OK";
+static const char *NONCE_SLOP = "SLOP";
+static const char *nonce_status;
+static long nonce_stamp_slop;
+static unsigned long nonce_stamp_slop_limit;
+static struct ref_transaction *transaction;
 
 static enum deny_action parse_deny_action(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
@@ -49,6 +85,8 @@ static enum deny_action parse_deny_action(const char *var, const char *value)
 			return DENY_WARN;
 		if (!strcasecmp(value, "refuse"))
 			return DENY_REFUSE;
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "updateinstead"))
+			return DENY_UPDATE_INSTEAD;
 	}
 	if (git_config_bool(var, value))
 		return DENY_REFUSE;
@@ -57,6 +95,11 @@ static enum deny_action parse_deny_action(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	int status = parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "receive");
+
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
 	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denydeletes") == 0) {
 		deny_deletes = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -77,6 +120,26 @@ static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.fsck.skiplist") == 0) {
+		const char *path;
+
+		if (git_config_pathname(&path, var, value))
+			return 1;
+		strbuf_addf(&fsck_msg_types, "%cskiplist=%s",
+			fsck_msg_types.len ? ',' : '=', path);
+		free((char *)path);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "receive.fsck.", &var)) {
+		if (is_valid_msg_type(var, value))
+			strbuf_addf(&fsck_msg_types, "%c%s=%s",
+				fsck_msg_types.len ? ',' : '=', var, value);
+		else
+			warning("Skipping unknown msg id '%s'", var);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (strcmp(var, "receive.fsckobjects") == 0) {
 		receive_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -112,25 +175,58 @@ static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.shallowupdate") == 0) {
+		shallow_update = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.certnonceseed") == 0)
+		return git_config_string(&cert_nonce_seed, var, value);
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.certnonceslop") == 0) {
+		nonce_stamp_slop_limit = git_config_ulong(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.advertiseatomic") == 0) {
+		advertise_atomic_push = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
-static int show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static void show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	if (sent_capabilities)
+	if (sent_capabilities) {
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
-	else
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s\n",
-			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), path, 0,
-			     " report-status delete-refs side-band-64k",
-			     prefer_ofs_delta ? " ofs-delta" : "");
-	sent_capabilities = 1;
-	return 0;
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf cap = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap,
+			      "report-status delete-refs side-band-64k quiet");
+		if (advertise_atomic_push)
+			strbuf_addstr(&cap, " atomic");
+		if (prefer_ofs_delta)
+			strbuf_addstr(&cap, " ofs-delta");
+		if (push_cert_nonce)
+			strbuf_addf(&cap, " push-cert=%s", push_cert_nonce);
+		strbuf_addf(&cap, " agent=%s", git_user_agent_sanitized());
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s\n",
+			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), path, 0, cap.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&cap);
+		sent_capabilities = 1;
+	}
 }
 
-static int show_ref_cb(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int show_ref_cb(const char *path_full, const struct object_id *oid,
+		       int flag, void *unused)
 {
-	path = strip_namespace(path);
+	const char *path = strip_namespace(path_full);
+
+	if (ref_is_hidden(path, path_full))
+		return 0;
+
 	/*
 	 * Advertise refs outside our current namespace as ".have"
 	 * refs, so that the client can use them to minimize data
@@ -141,15 +237,36 @@ static int show_ref_cb(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, vo
 	 */
 	if (!path)
 		path = ".have";
-	return show_ref(path, sha1, flag, cb_data);
+	show_ref(path, oid->hash);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_one_alternate_sha1(const unsigned char sha1[20], void *unused)
+{
+	show_ref(".have", sha1);
+}
+
+static void collect_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *data)
+{
+	struct sha1_array *sa = data;
+	sha1_array_append(sa, ref->old_oid.hash);
 }
 
 static void write_head_info(void)
 {
+	struct sha1_array sa = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+	for_each_alternate_ref(collect_one_alternate_ref, &sa);
+	sha1_array_for_each_unique(&sa, show_one_alternate_sha1, NULL);
+	sha1_array_clear(&sa);
 	for_each_ref(show_ref_cb, NULL);
 	if (!sent_capabilities)
-		show_ref("capabilities^{}", null_sha1, 0, NULL);
+		show_ref("capabilities^{}", null_sha1);
+
+	advertise_shallow_grafts(1);
 
+	/* EOF */
+	packet_flush(1);
 }
 
 struct command {
@@ -157,23 +274,21 @@ struct command {
 	const char *error_string;
 	unsigned int skip_update:1,
 		     did_not_exist:1;
+	int index;
 	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
 	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
 	char ref_name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
-static const char pre_receive_hook[] = "hooks/pre-receive";
-static const char post_receive_hook[] = "hooks/post-receive";
-
 static void rp_error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 static void rp_warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
 static void report_message(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params)
 {
-	int sz = strlen(prefix);
+	int sz;
 	char msg[4096];
 
-	strncpy(msg, prefix, sz);
+	sz = xsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s", prefix);
 	sz += vsnprintf(msg + sz, sizeof(msg) - sz, err, params);
 	if (sz > (sizeof(msg) - 1))
 		sz = sizeof(msg) - 1;
@@ -214,21 +329,241 @@ static int copy_to_sideband(int in, int out, void *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#define HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE 64
+
+static void hmac_sha1(unsigned char *out,
+		      const char *key_in, size_t key_len,
+		      const char *text, size_t text_len)
+{
+	unsigned char key[HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	unsigned char k_ipad[HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	unsigned char k_opad[HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	int i;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+
+	/* RFC 2104 2. (1) */
+	memset(key, '\0', HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE);
+	if (HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE < key_len) {
+		git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, key_in, key_len);
+		git_SHA1_Final(key, &ctx);
+	} else {
+		memcpy(key, key_in, key_len);
+	}
+
+	/* RFC 2104 2. (2) & (5) */
+	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(key); i++) {
+		k_ipad[i] = key[i] ^ 0x36;
+		k_opad[i] = key[i] ^ 0x5c;
+	}
+
+	/* RFC 2104 2. (3) & (4) */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, k_ipad, sizeof(k_ipad));
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, text, text_len);
+	git_SHA1_Final(out, &ctx);
+
+	/* RFC 2104 2. (6) & (7) */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, k_opad, sizeof(k_opad));
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, out, 20);
+	git_SHA1_Final(out, &ctx);
+}
+
+static char *prepare_push_cert_nonce(const char *path, unsigned long stamp)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:%lu", path, stamp);
+	hmac_sha1(sha1, buf.buf, buf.len, cert_nonce_seed, strlen(cert_nonce_seed));;
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	/* RFC 2104 5. HMAC-SHA1-80 */
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%lu-%.*s", stamp, 20, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEEDSWORK: reuse find_commit_header() from jk/commit-author-parsing
+ * after dropping "_commit" from its name and possibly moving it out
+ * of commit.c
+ */
+static char *find_header(const char *msg, size_t len, const char *key)
+{
+	int key_len = strlen(key);
+	const char *line = msg;
+
+	while (line && line < msg + len) {
+		const char *eol = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+
+		if ((msg + len <= eol) || line == eol)
+			return NULL;
+		if (line + key_len < eol &&
+		    !memcmp(line, key, key_len) && line[key_len] == ' ') {
+			int offset = key_len + 1;
+			return xmemdupz(line + offset, (eol - line) - offset);
+		}
+		line = *eol ? eol + 1 : NULL;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *check_nonce(const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	char *nonce = find_header(buf, len, "nonce");
+	unsigned long stamp, ostamp;
+	char *bohmac, *expect = NULL;
+	const char *retval = NONCE_BAD;
+
+	if (!nonce) {
+		retval = NONCE_MISSING;
+		goto leave;
+	} else if (!push_cert_nonce) {
+		retval = NONCE_UNSOLICITED;
+		goto leave;
+	} else if (!strcmp(push_cert_nonce, nonce)) {
+		retval = NONCE_OK;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	if (!stateless_rpc) {
+		/* returned nonce MUST match what we gave out earlier */
+		retval = NONCE_BAD;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * In stateless mode, we may be receiving a nonce issued by
+	 * another instance of the server that serving the same
+	 * repository, and the timestamps may not match, but the
+	 * nonce-seed and dir should match, so we can recompute and
+	 * report the time slop.
+	 *
+	 * In addition, when a nonce issued by another instance has
+	 * timestamp within receive.certnonceslop seconds, we pretend
+	 * as if we issued that nonce when reporting to the hook.
+	 */
+
+	/* nonce is concat(<seconds-since-epoch>, "-", <hmac>) */
+	if (*nonce <= '0' || '9' < *nonce) {
+		retval = NONCE_BAD;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+	stamp = strtoul(nonce, &bohmac, 10);
+	if (bohmac == nonce || bohmac[0] != '-') {
+		retval = NONCE_BAD;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	expect = prepare_push_cert_nonce(service_dir, stamp);
+	if (strcmp(expect, nonce)) {
+		/* Not what we would have signed earlier */
+		retval = NONCE_BAD;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * By how many seconds is this nonce stale?  Negative value
+	 * would mean it was issued by another server with its clock
+	 * skewed in the future.
+	 */
+	ostamp = strtoul(push_cert_nonce, NULL, 10);
+	nonce_stamp_slop = (long)ostamp - (long)stamp;
+
+	if (nonce_stamp_slop_limit &&
+	    labs(nonce_stamp_slop) <= nonce_stamp_slop_limit) {
+		/*
+		 * Pretend as if the received nonce (which passes the
+		 * HMAC check, so it is not a forged by third-party)
+		 * is what we issued.
+		 */
+		free((void *)push_cert_nonce);
+		push_cert_nonce = xstrdup(nonce);
+		retval = NONCE_OK;
+	} else {
+		retval = NONCE_SLOP;
+	}
+
+leave:
+	free(nonce);
+	free(expect);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static void prepare_push_cert_sha1(struct child_process *proc)
+{
+	static int already_done;
+
+	if (!push_cert.len)
+		return;
+
+	if (!already_done) {
+		struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int bogs /* beginning_of_gpg_sig */;
+
+		already_done = 1;
+		if (write_sha1_file(push_cert.buf, push_cert.len, "blob", push_cert_sha1))
+			hashclr(push_cert_sha1);
+
+		memset(&sigcheck, '\0', sizeof(sigcheck));
+		sigcheck.result = 'N';
+
+		bogs = parse_signature(push_cert.buf, push_cert.len);
+		if (verify_signed_buffer(push_cert.buf, bogs,
+					 push_cert.buf + bogs, push_cert.len - bogs,
+					 &gpg_output, &gpg_status) < 0) {
+			; /* error running gpg */
+		} else {
+			sigcheck.payload = push_cert.buf;
+			sigcheck.gpg_output = gpg_output.buf;
+			sigcheck.gpg_status = gpg_status.buf;
+			parse_gpg_output(&sigcheck);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
+		strbuf_release(&gpg_status);
+		nonce_status = check_nonce(push_cert.buf, bogs);
+	}
+	if (!is_null_sha1(push_cert_sha1)) {
+		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT=%s",
+				 sha1_to_hex(push_cert_sha1));
+		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER=%s",
+				 sigcheck.signer ? sigcheck.signer : "");
+		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY=%s",
+				 sigcheck.key ? sigcheck.key : "");
+		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS=%c",
+				 sigcheck.result);
+		if (push_cert_nonce) {
+			argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+					 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE=%s",
+					 push_cert_nonce);
+			argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+					 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS=%s",
+					 nonce_status);
+			if (nonce_status == NONCE_SLOP)
+				argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+						 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP=%ld",
+						 nonce_stamp_slop);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 typedef int (*feed_fn)(void *, const char **, size_t *);
 static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_state)
 {
-	struct child_process proc;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct async muxer;
 	const char *argv[2];
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(hook_name, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook(hook_name);
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = hook_name;
 	argv[1] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 	proc.argv = argv;
 	proc.in = -1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
@@ -243,6 +578,8 @@ static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_sta
 		proc.err = muxer.in;
 	}
 
+	prepare_push_cert_sha1(&proc);
+
 	code = start_command(&proc);
 	if (code) {
 		if (use_sideband)
@@ -250,6 +587,8 @@ static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_sta
 		return code;
 	}
 
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
 	while (1) {
 		const char *buf;
 		size_t n;
@@ -261,6 +600,9 @@ static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_sta
 	close(proc.in);
 	if (use_sideband)
 		finish_async(&muxer);
+
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
+
 	return finish_command(&proc);
 }
 
@@ -311,21 +653,19 @@ static int run_receive_hook(struct command *commands, const char *hook_name,
 
 static int run_update_hook(struct command *cmd)
 {
-	static const char update_hook[] = "hooks/update";
 	const char *argv[5];
-	struct child_process proc;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(update_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("update");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = update_hook;
 	argv[1] = cmd->ref_name;
 	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->old_sha1);
 	argv[3] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->new_sha1);
 	argv[4] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 	proc.no_stdin = 1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	proc.err = use_sideband ? -1 : 0;
@@ -392,17 +732,172 @@ static void refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current(void)
 		rp_error("%s", refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current_msg[i]);
 }
 
-static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
+static int command_singleton_iterator(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20]);
+static int update_shallow_ref(struct command *cmd, struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+	struct sha1_array extra = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	const char *alt_file;
+	uint32_t mask = 1 << (cmd->index % 32);
+	int i;
+
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow,
+			 "shallow: update_shallow_ref %s\n", cmd->ref_name);
+	for (i = 0; i < si->shallow->nr; i++)
+		if (si->used_shallow[i] &&
+		    (si->used_shallow[i][cmd->index / 32] & mask) &&
+		    !delayed_reachability_test(si, i))
+			sha1_array_append(&extra, si->shallow->sha1[i]);
+
+	setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock, &alt_file, &extra);
+	if (check_shallow_connected(command_singleton_iterator,
+				    0, cmd, alt_file)) {
+		rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		sha1_array_clear(&extra);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure setup_alternate_shallow() for the next ref does
+	 * not lose these new roots..
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < extra.nr; i++)
+		register_shallow(extra.sha1[i]);
+
+	si->shallow_ref[cmd->index] = 0;
+	sha1_array_clear(&extra);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEEDSWORK: we should consolidate various implementions of "are we
+ * on an unborn branch?" test into one, and make the unified one more
+ * robust. !get_sha1() based check used here and elsewhere would not
+ * allow us to tell an unborn branch from corrupt ref, for example.
+ * For the purpose of fixing "deploy-to-update does not work when
+ * pushing into an empty repository" issue, this should suffice for
+ * now.
+ */
+static int head_has_history(void)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	return !get_sha1("HEAD", sha1);
+}
+
+static const char *push_to_deploy(unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct argv_array *env,
+				  const char *work_tree)
+{
+	const char *update_refresh[] = {
+		"update-index", "-q", "--ignore-submodules", "--refresh", NULL
+	};
+	const char *diff_files[] = {
+		"diff-files", "--quiet", "--ignore-submodules", "--", NULL
+	};
+	const char *diff_index[] = {
+		"diff-index", "--quiet", "--cached", "--ignore-submodules",
+		NULL, "--", NULL
+	};
+	const char *read_tree[] = {
+		"read-tree", "-u", "-m", NULL, NULL
+	};
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+	child.argv = update_refresh;
+	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.dir = work_tree;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		return "Up-to-date check failed";
+
+	/* run_command() does not clean up completely; reinitialize */
+	child_process_init(&child);
+	child.argv = diff_files;
+	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.dir = work_tree;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		return "Working directory has unstaged changes";
+
+	/* diff-index with either HEAD or an empty tree */
+	diff_index[4] = head_has_history() ? "HEAD" : EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
+
+	child_process_init(&child);
+	child.argv = diff_index;
+	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.no_stdout = 1;
+	child.stdout_to_stderr = 0;
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		return "Working directory has staged changes";
+
+	read_tree[3] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+	child_process_init(&child);
+	child.argv = read_tree;
+	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.dir = work_tree;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.no_stdout = 1;
+	child.stdout_to_stderr = 0;
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		return "Could not update working tree to new HEAD";
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *push_to_checkout_hook = "push-to-checkout";
+
+static const char *push_to_checkout(unsigned char *sha1,
+				    struct argv_array *env,
+				    const char *work_tree)
+{
+	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_WORK_TREE=%s", absolute_path(work_tree));
+	if (run_hook_le(env->argv, push_to_checkout_hook,
+			sha1_to_hex(sha1), NULL))
+		return "push-to-checkout hook declined";
+	else
+		return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *update_worktree(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *retval;
+	const char *work_tree = git_work_tree_cfg ? git_work_tree_cfg : "..";
+	struct argv_array env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+	if (is_bare_repository())
+		return "denyCurrentBranch = updateInstead needs a worktree";
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIR=%s", absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
+
+	if (!find_hook(push_to_checkout_hook))
+		retval = push_to_deploy(sha1, &env, work_tree);
+	else
+		retval = push_to_checkout(sha1, &env, work_tree);
+
+	argv_array_clear(&env);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static const char *update(struct command *cmd, struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	const char *name = cmd->ref_name;
 	struct strbuf namespaced_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *namespaced_name;
+	const char *namespaced_name, *ret;
 	unsigned char *old_sha1 = cmd->old_sha1;
 	unsigned char *new_sha1 = cmd->new_sha1;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
 
 	/* only refs/... are allowed */
-	if (prefixcmp(name, "refs/") || check_refname_format(name + 5, 0)) {
+	if (!starts_with(name, "refs/") || check_refname_format(name + 5, 0)) {
 		rp_error("refusing to create funny ref '%s' remotely", name);
 		return "funny refname";
 	}
@@ -423,6 +918,11 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 			if (deny_current_branch == DENY_UNCONFIGURED)
 				refuse_unconfigured_deny();
 			return "branch is currently checked out";
+		case DENY_UPDATE_INSTEAD:
+			ret = update_worktree(new_sha1);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+			break;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -433,12 +933,12 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 	}
 
 	if (!is_null_sha1(old_sha1) && is_null_sha1(new_sha1)) {
-		if (deny_deletes && !prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/")) {
+		if (deny_deletes && starts_with(name, "refs/heads/")) {
 			rp_error("denying ref deletion for %s", name);
 			return "deletion prohibited";
 		}
 
-		if (!strcmp(namespaced_name, head_name)) {
+		if (head_name && !strcmp(namespaced_name, head_name)) {
 			switch (deny_delete_current) {
 			case DENY_IGNORE:
 				break;
@@ -447,20 +947,22 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 				break;
 			case DENY_REFUSE:
 			case DENY_UNCONFIGURED:
+			case DENY_UPDATE_INSTEAD:
 				if (deny_delete_current == DENY_UNCONFIGURED)
 					refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current();
 				rp_error("refusing to delete the current branch: %s", name);
 				return "deletion of the current branch prohibited";
+			default:
+				return "Invalid denyDeleteCurrent setting";
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (deny_non_fast_forwards && !is_null_sha1(new_sha1) &&
 	    !is_null_sha1(old_sha1) &&
-	    !prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/")) {
+	    starts_with(name, "refs/heads/")) {
 		struct object *old_object, *new_object;
 		struct commit *old_commit, *new_commit;
-		struct commit_list *bases, *ent;
 
 		old_object = parse_object(old_sha1);
 		new_object = parse_object(new_sha1);
@@ -473,12 +975,7 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 		}
 		old_commit = (struct commit *)old_object;
 		new_commit = (struct commit *)new_object;
-		bases = get_merge_bases(old_commit, new_commit, 1);
-		for (ent = bases; ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (!hashcmp(old_sha1, ent->item->object.sha1))
-				break;
-		free_commit_list(bases);
-		if (!ent) {
+		if (!in_merge_bases(old_commit, new_commit)) {
 			rp_error("denying non-fast-forward %s"
 				 " (you should pull first)", name);
 			return "non-fast-forward";
@@ -490,6 +987,7 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 	}
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(new_sha1)) {
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 		if (!parse_object(old_sha1)) {
 			old_sha1 = NULL;
 			if (ref_exists(name)) {
@@ -499,60 +997,65 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 				cmd->did_not_exist = 1;
 			}
 		}
-		if (delete_ref(namespaced_name, old_sha1, 0)) {
-			rp_error("failed to delete %s", name);
+		if (ref_transaction_delete(transaction,
+					   namespaced_name,
+					   old_sha1,
+					   0, "push", &err)) {
+			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&err);
 			return "failed to delete";
 		}
+		strbuf_release(&err);
 		return NULL; /* good */
 	}
 	else {
-		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(namespaced_name, old_sha1, 0);
-		if (!lock) {
-			rp_error("failed to lock %s", name);
-			return "failed to lock";
-		}
-		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, new_sha1, "push")) {
-			return "failed to write"; /* error() already called */
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (shallow_update && si->shallow_ref[cmd->index] &&
+		    update_shallow_ref(cmd, si))
+			return "shallow error";
+
+		if (ref_transaction_update(transaction,
+					   namespaced_name,
+					   new_sha1, old_sha1,
+					   0, "push",
+					   &err)) {
+			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&err);
+
+			return "failed to update ref";
 		}
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+
 		return NULL; /* good */
 	}
 }
 
-static char update_post_hook[] = "hooks/post-update";
-
 static void run_update_post_hook(struct command *commands)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	int argc;
-	const char **argv;
-	struct child_process proc;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *hook;
 
+	hook = find_hook("post-update");
 	for (argc = 0, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (cmd->error_string || cmd->did_not_exist)
 			continue;
 		argc++;
 	}
-	if (!argc || access(update_post_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	if (!argc || !hook)
 		return;
-	argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (2 + argc));
-	argv[0] = update_post_hook;
 
-	for (argc = 1, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
-		char *p;
+	argv_array_push(&proc.args, hook);
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (cmd->error_string || cmd->did_not_exist)
 			continue;
-		p = xmalloc(strlen(cmd->ref_name) + 1);
-		strcpy(p, cmd->ref_name);
-		argv[argc] = p;
-		argc++;
+		argv_array_push(&proc.args, cmd->ref_name);
 	}
-	argv[argc] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 	proc.no_stdin = 1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	proc.err = use_sideband ? -1 : 0;
-	proc.argv = argv;
 
 	if (!start_command(&proc)) {
 		if (use_sideband)
@@ -567,24 +1070,27 @@ static void check_aliased_update(struct command *cmd, struct string_list *list)
 	const char *dst_name;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct command *dst_cmd;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char cmd_oldh[41], cmd_newh[41], dst_oldh[41], dst_newh[41];
+	unsigned char sha1[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+	char cmd_oldh[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1],
+	     cmd_newh[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1],
+	     dst_oldh[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1],
+	     dst_newh[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
 	int flag;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", get_git_namespace(), cmd->ref_name);
-	dst_name = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, sha1, 0, &flag);
+	dst_name = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, 0, sha1, &flag);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
 	if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
 		return;
 
-	dst_name = strip_namespace(dst_name);
 	if (!dst_name) {
 		rp_error("refusing update to broken symref '%s'", cmd->ref_name);
 		cmd->skip_update = 1;
 		cmd->error_string = "broken symref";
 		return;
 	}
+	dst_name = strip_namespace(dst_name);
 
 	if ((item = string_list_lookup(list, dst_name)) == NULL)
 		return;
@@ -599,10 +1105,10 @@ static void check_aliased_update(struct command *cmd, struct string_list *list)
 
 	dst_cmd->skip_update = 1;
 
-	strcpy(cmd_oldh, find_unique_abbrev(cmd->old_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-	strcpy(cmd_newh, find_unique_abbrev(cmd->new_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-	strcpy(dst_oldh, find_unique_abbrev(dst_cmd->old_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-	strcpy(dst_newh, find_unique_abbrev(dst_cmd->new_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	find_unique_abbrev_r(cmd_oldh, cmd->old_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+	find_unique_abbrev_r(cmd_newh, cmd->new_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+	find_unique_abbrev_r(dst_oldh, dst_cmd->old_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+	find_unique_abbrev_r(dst_newh, dst_cmd->new_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 	rp_error("refusing inconsistent update between symref '%s' (%s..%s) and"
 		 " its target '%s' (%s..%s)",
 		 cmd->ref_name, cmd_oldh, cmd_newh,
@@ -622,10 +1128,12 @@ static void check_aliased_updates(struct command *commands)
 			string_list_append(&ref_list, cmd->ref_name);
 		item->util = (void *)cmd;
 	}
-	sort_string_list(&ref_list);
+	string_list_sort(&ref_list);
 
-	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next)
-		check_aliased_update(cmd, &ref_list);
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (!cmd->error_string)
+			check_aliased_update(cmd, &ref_list);
+	}
 
 	string_list_clear(&ref_list, 0);
 }
@@ -642,12 +1150,16 @@ static int command_singleton_iterator(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void set_connectivity_errors(struct command *commands)
+static void set_connectivity_errors(struct command *commands,
+				    struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 
 	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		struct command *singleton = cmd;
+		if (shallow_update && si->shallow_ref[cmd->index])
+			/* to be checked in update_shallow_ref() */
+			continue;
 		if (!check_everything_connected(command_singleton_iterator,
 						0, &singleton))
 			continue;
@@ -655,94 +1167,307 @@ static void set_connectivity_errors(struct command *commands)
 	}
 }
 
+struct iterate_data {
+	struct command *cmds;
+	struct shallow_info *si;
+};
+
 static int iterate_receive_command_list(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
 {
-	struct command **cmd_list = cb_data;
+	struct iterate_data *data = cb_data;
+	struct command **cmd_list = &data->cmds;
 	struct command *cmd = *cmd_list;
 
-	while (cmd) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1)) {
+	for (; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (shallow_update && data->si->shallow_ref[cmd->index])
+			/* to be checked in update_shallow_ref() */
+			continue;
+		if (!is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1) && !cmd->skip_update) {
 			hashcpy(sha1, cmd->new_sha1);
 			*cmd_list = cmd->next;
 			return 0;
 		}
-		cmd = cmd->next;
 	}
 	*cmd_list = NULL;
 	return -1; /* end of list */
 }
 
-static void execute_commands(struct command *commands, const char *unpacker_error)
+static void reject_updates_to_hidden(struct command *commands)
+{
+	struct strbuf refname_full = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t prefix_len;
+	struct command *cmd;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&refname_full, get_git_namespace());
+	prefix_len = refname_full.len;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (cmd->error_string)
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(&refname_full, prefix_len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&refname_full, cmd->ref_name);
+
+		if (!ref_is_hidden(cmd->ref_name, refname_full.buf))
+			continue;
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			cmd->error_string = "deny deleting a hidden ref";
+		else
+			cmd->error_string = "deny updating a hidden ref";
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&refname_full);
+}
+
+static int should_process_cmd(struct command *cmd)
+{
+	return !cmd->error_string && !cmd->skip_update;
+}
+
+static void warn_if_skipped_connectivity_check(struct command *commands,
+					       struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	int checked_connectivity = 1;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (should_process_cmd(cmd) && si->shallow_ref[cmd->index]) {
+			error("BUG: connectivity check has not been run on ref %s",
+			      cmd->ref_name);
+			checked_connectivity = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!checked_connectivity)
+		die("BUG: connectivity check skipped???");
+}
+
+static void execute_commands_non_atomic(struct command *commands,
+					struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (!should_process_cmd(cmd))
+			continue;
+
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction) {
+			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&err);
+			cmd->error_string = "transaction failed to start";
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		cmd->error_string = update(cmd, si);
+
+		if (!cmd->error_string
+		    && ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&err);
+			cmd->error_string = "failed to update ref";
+		}
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+}
+
+static void execute_commands_atomic(struct command *commands,
+					struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *reported_error = "atomic push failure";
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction) {
+		rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&err);
+		reported_error = "transaction failed to start";
+		goto failure;
+	}
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (!should_process_cmd(cmd))
+			continue;
+
+		cmd->error_string = update(cmd, si);
+
+		if (cmd->error_string)
+			goto failure;
+	}
+
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+		reported_error = "atomic transaction failed";
+		goto failure;
+	}
+	goto cleanup;
+
+failure:
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next)
+		if (!cmd->error_string)
+			cmd->error_string = reported_error;
+
+cleanup:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+}
+
+static void execute_commands(struct command *commands,
+			     const char *unpacker_error,
+			     struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct iterate_data data;
 
 	if (unpacker_error) {
 		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next)
-			cmd->error_string = "n/a (unpacker error)";
+			cmd->error_string = "unpacker error";
 		return;
 	}
 
-	cmd = commands;
-	if (check_everything_connected(iterate_receive_command_list,
-				       0, &cmd))
-		set_connectivity_errors(commands);
+	data.cmds = commands;
+	data.si = si;
+	if (check_everything_connected(iterate_receive_command_list, 0, &data))
+		set_connectivity_errors(commands, si);
 
-	if (run_receive_hook(commands, pre_receive_hook, 0)) {
-		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next)
-			cmd->error_string = "pre-receive hook declined";
+	reject_updates_to_hidden(commands);
+
+	if (run_receive_hook(commands, "pre-receive", 0)) {
+		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+			if (!cmd->error_string)
+				cmd->error_string = "pre-receive hook declined";
+		}
 		return;
 	}
 
 	check_aliased_updates(commands);
 
 	free(head_name_to_free);
-	head_name = head_name_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+	head_name = head_name_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
 
-	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next)
-		if (!cmd->skip_update)
-			cmd->error_string = update(cmd);
+	if (use_atomic)
+		execute_commands_atomic(commands, si);
+	else
+		execute_commands_non_atomic(commands, si);
+
+	if (shallow_update)
+		warn_if_skipped_connectivity_check(commands, si);
+}
+
+static struct command **queue_command(struct command **tail,
+				      const char *line,
+				      int linelen)
+{
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
+	struct command *cmd;
+	const char *refname;
+	int reflen;
+
+	if (linelen < 83 ||
+	    line[40] != ' ' ||
+	    line[81] != ' ' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(line, old_sha1) ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(line + 41, new_sha1))
+		die("protocol error: expected old/new/ref, got '%s'", line);
+
+	refname = line + 82;
+	reflen = linelen - 82;
+	cmd = xcalloc(1, st_add3(sizeof(struct command), reflen, 1));
+	hashcpy(cmd->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+	hashcpy(cmd->new_sha1, new_sha1);
+	memcpy(cmd->ref_name, refname, reflen);
+	cmd->ref_name[reflen] = '\0';
+	*tail = cmd;
+	return &cmd->next;
+}
+
+static void queue_commands_from_cert(struct command **tail,
+				     struct strbuf *push_cert)
+{
+	const char *boc, *eoc;
+
+	if (*tail)
+		die("protocol error: got both push certificate and unsigned commands");
+
+	boc = strstr(push_cert->buf, "\n\n");
+	if (!boc)
+		die("malformed push certificate %.*s", 100, push_cert->buf);
+	else
+		boc += 2;
+	eoc = push_cert->buf + parse_signature(push_cert->buf, push_cert->len);
+
+	while (boc < eoc) {
+		const char *eol = memchr(boc, '\n', eoc - boc);
+		tail = queue_command(tail, boc, eol ? eol - boc : eoc - eol);
+		boc = eol ? eol + 1 : eoc;
+	}
 }
 
-static struct command *read_head_info(void)
+static struct command *read_head_info(struct sha1_array *shallow)
 {
 	struct command *commands = NULL;
 	struct command **p = &commands;
 	for (;;) {
-		static char line[1000];
-		unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
-		struct command *cmd;
-		char *refname;
-		int len, reflen;
-
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
+		char *line;
+		int len, linelen;
+
+		line = packet_read_line(0, &len);
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-			line[--len] = 0;
-		if (len < 83 ||
-		    line[40] != ' ' ||
-		    line[81] != ' ' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(line, old_sha1) ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(line + 41, new_sha1))
-			die("protocol error: expected old/new/ref, got '%s'",
-			    line);
-
-		refname = line + 82;
-		reflen = strlen(refname);
-		if (reflen + 82 < len) {
-			if (strstr(refname + reflen + 1, "report-status"))
+
+		if (len == 48 && starts_with(line, "shallow ")) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
+				die("protocol error: expected shallow sha, got '%s'",
+				    line + 8);
+			sha1_array_append(shallow, sha1);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		linelen = strlen(line);
+		if (linelen < len) {
+			const char *feature_list = line + linelen + 1;
+			if (parse_feature_request(feature_list, "report-status"))
 				report_status = 1;
-			if (strstr(refname + reflen + 1, "side-band-64k"))
+			if (parse_feature_request(feature_list, "side-band-64k"))
 				use_sideband = LARGE_PACKET_MAX;
+			if (parse_feature_request(feature_list, "quiet"))
+				quiet = 1;
+			if (advertise_atomic_push
+			    && parse_feature_request(feature_list, "atomic"))
+				use_atomic = 1;
 		}
-		cmd = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct command) + len - 80);
-		hashcpy(cmd->old_sha1, old_sha1);
-		hashcpy(cmd->new_sha1, new_sha1);
-		memcpy(cmd->ref_name, line + 82, len - 81);
-		*p = cmd;
-		p = &cmd->next;
+
+		if (!strcmp(line, "push-cert")) {
+			int true_flush = 0;
+			char certbuf[1024];
+
+			for (;;) {
+				len = packet_read(0, NULL, NULL,
+						  certbuf, sizeof(certbuf), 0);
+				if (!len) {
+					true_flush = 1;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (!strcmp(certbuf, "push-cert-end\n"))
+					break; /* end of cert */
+				strbuf_addstr(&push_cert, certbuf);
+			}
+
+			if (true_flush)
+				break;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		p = queue_command(p, line, linelen);
 	}
+
+	if (push_cert.len)
+		queue_commands_from_cert(p, &push_cert);
+
 	return commands;
 }
 
@@ -768,11 +1493,13 @@ static const char *parse_pack_header(struct pack_header *hdr)
 
 static const char *pack_lockfile;
 
-static const char *unpack(void)
+static const char *unpack(int err_fd, struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	struct pack_header hdr;
 	const char *hdr_err;
+	int status;
 	char hdr_arg[38];
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int fsck_objects = (receive_fsck_objects >= 0
 			    ? receive_fsck_objects
 			    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
@@ -780,59 +1507,170 @@ static const char *unpack(void)
 			    : 0);
 
 	hdr_err = parse_pack_header(&hdr);
-	if (hdr_err)
+	if (hdr_err) {
+		if (err_fd > 0)
+			close(err_fd);
 		return hdr_err;
+	}
 	snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
 			"--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
 			ntohl(hdr.hdr_version), ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries));
 
+	if (si->nr_ours || si->nr_theirs) {
+		alt_shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow(si->shallow);
+		argv_array_push(&child.args, "--shallow-file");
+		argv_array_push(&child.args, alt_shallow_file);
+	}
+
 	if (ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit) {
-		int code, i = 0;
-		const char *unpacker[4];
-		unpacker[i++] = "unpack-objects";
+		argv_array_pushl(&child.args, "unpack-objects", hdr_arg, NULL);
+		if (quiet)
+			argv_array_push(&child.args, "-q");
 		if (fsck_objects)
-			unpacker[i++] = "--strict";
-		unpacker[i++] = hdr_arg;
-		unpacker[i++] = NULL;
-		code = run_command_v_opt(unpacker, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-		if (!code)
-			return NULL;
-		return "unpack-objects abnormal exit";
+			argv_array_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
+				fsck_msg_types.buf);
+		child.no_stdout = 1;
+		child.err = err_fd;
+		child.git_cmd = 1;
+		status = run_command(&child);
+		if (status)
+			return "unpack-objects abnormal exit";
 	} else {
-		const char *keeper[7];
-		int s, status, i = 0;
-		char keep_arg[256];
-		struct child_process ip;
+		char hostname[256];
+
+		argv_array_pushl(&child.args, "index-pack",
+				 "--stdin", hdr_arg, NULL);
 
-		s = sprintf(keep_arg, "--keep=receive-pack %"PRIuMAX" on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
-		if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
-			strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
+		if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)))
+			xsnprintf(hostname, sizeof(hostname), "localhost");
+		argv_array_pushf(&child.args,
+				 "--keep=receive-pack %"PRIuMAX" on %s",
+				 (uintmax_t)getpid(),
+				 hostname);
 
-		keeper[i++] = "index-pack";
-		keeper[i++] = "--stdin";
 		if (fsck_objects)
-			keeper[i++] = "--strict";
-		keeper[i++] = "--fix-thin";
-		keeper[i++] = hdr_arg;
-		keeper[i++] = keep_arg;
-		keeper[i++] = NULL;
-		memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
-		ip.argv = keeper;
-		ip.out = -1;
-		ip.git_cmd = 1;
-		status = start_command(&ip);
-		if (status) {
+			argv_array_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
+				fsck_msg_types.buf);
+		if (!reject_thin)
+			argv_array_push(&child.args, "--fix-thin");
+		child.out = -1;
+		child.err = err_fd;
+		child.git_cmd = 1;
+		status = start_command(&child);
+		if (status)
 			return "index-pack fork failed";
+		pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(child.out);
+		close(child.out);
+		status = finish_command(&child);
+		if (status)
+			return "index-pack abnormal exit";
+		reprepare_packed_git();
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *unpack_with_sideband(struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct async muxer;
+	const char *ret;
+
+	if (!use_sideband)
+		return unpack(0, si);
+
+	memset(&muxer, 0, sizeof(muxer));
+	muxer.proc = copy_to_sideband;
+	muxer.in = -1;
+	if (start_async(&muxer))
+		return NULL;
+
+	ret = unpack(muxer.in, si);
+
+	finish_async(&muxer);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void prepare_shallow_update(struct command *commands,
+				   struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	int i, j, k, bitmap_size = (si->ref->nr + 31) / 32;
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(si->used_shallow, si->shallow->nr);
+	assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(si, si->used_shallow, NULL);
+
+	si->need_reachability_test =
+		xcalloc(si->shallow->nr, sizeof(*si->need_reachability_test));
+	si->reachable =
+		xcalloc(si->shallow->nr, sizeof(*si->reachable));
+	si->shallow_ref = xcalloc(si->ref->nr, sizeof(*si->shallow_ref));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < si->nr_ours; i++)
+		si->need_reachability_test[si->ours[i]] = 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < si->shallow->nr; i++) {
+		if (!si->used_shallow[i])
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < bitmap_size; j++) {
+			if (!si->used_shallow[i][j])
+				continue;
+			si->need_reachability_test[i]++;
+			for (k = 0; k < 32; k++)
+				if (si->used_shallow[i][j] & (1U << k))
+					si->shallow_ref[j * 32 + k]++;
 		}
-		pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(ip.out);
-		close(ip.out);
-		status = finish_command(&ip);
-		if (!status) {
-			reprepare_packed_git();
-			return NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * true for those associated with some refs and belong
+		 * in "ours" list aka "step 7 not done yet"
+		 */
+		si->need_reachability_test[i] =
+			si->need_reachability_test[i] > 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * keep hooks happy by forcing a temporary shallow file via
+	 * env variable because we can't add --shallow-file to every
+	 * command. check_everything_connected() will be done with
+	 * true .git/shallow though.
+	 */
+	setenv(GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT, alt_shallow_file, 1);
+}
+
+static void update_shallow_info(struct command *commands,
+				struct shallow_info *si,
+				struct sha1_array *ref)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	int *ref_status;
+	remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(si);
+	if (!si->nr_ours && !si->nr_theirs) {
+		shallow_update = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			continue;
+		sha1_array_append(ref, cmd->new_sha1);
+		cmd->index = ref->nr - 1;
+	}
+	si->ref = ref;
+
+	if (shallow_update) {
+		prepare_shallow_update(commands, si);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(ref_status, ref->nr);
+	assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(si, NULL, ref_status);
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			continue;
+		if (ref_status[cmd->index]) {
+			cmd->error_string = "shallow update not allowed";
+			cmd->skip_update = 1;
 		}
-		return "index-pack abnormal exit";
 	}
+	free(ref_status);
 }
 
 static void report(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
@@ -855,7 +1693,7 @@ static void report(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
 	if (use_sideband)
 		send_sideband(1, 1, buf.buf, buf.len, use_sideband);
 	else
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
@@ -869,67 +1707,41 @@ static int delete_only(struct command *commands)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void add_one_alternate_sha1(const unsigned char sha1[20], void *unused)
-{
-	add_extra_ref(".have", sha1, 0);
-}
-
-static void collect_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *data)
-{
-	struct sha1_array *sa = data;
-	sha1_array_append(sa, ref->old_sha1);
-}
-
-static void add_alternate_refs(void)
-{
-	struct sha1_array sa = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
-	for_each_alternate_ref(collect_one_alternate_ref, &sa);
-	sha1_array_for_each_unique(&sa, add_one_alternate_sha1, NULL);
-	sha1_array_clear(&sa);
-}
-
 int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int advertise_refs = 0;
-	int stateless_rpc = 0;
-	int i;
-	char *dir = NULL;
 	struct command *commands;
+	struct sha1_array shallow = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct sha1_array ref = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct shallow_info si;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("quiet")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "stateless-rpc", &stateless_rpc, NULL),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "advertise-refs", &advertise_refs, NULL),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "reject-thin-pack-for-testing", &reject_thin, NULL),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
 
 	packet_trace_identity("receive-pack");
 
-	argv++;
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *arg = *argv++;
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, receive_pack_usage, 0);
 
-		if (*arg == '-') {
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--advertise-refs")) {
-				advertise_refs = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stateless-rpc")) {
-				stateless_rpc = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
+	if (argc > 1)
+		usage_msg_opt(_("Too many arguments."), receive_pack_usage, options);
+	if (argc == 0)
+		usage_msg_opt(_("You must specify a directory."), receive_pack_usage, options);
 
-			usage(receive_pack_usage);
-		}
-		if (dir)
-			usage(receive_pack_usage);
-		dir = xstrdup(arg);
-	}
-	if (!dir)
-		usage(receive_pack_usage);
+	service_dir = argv[0];
 
 	setup_path();
 
-	if (!enter_repo(dir, 0))
-		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow())
-		die("attempt to push into a shallow repository");
+	if (!enter_repo(service_dir, 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", service_dir);
 
 	git_config(receive_pack_config, NULL);
+	if (cert_nonce_seed)
+		push_cert_nonce = prepare_push_cert_nonce(service_dir, time(NULL));
 
 	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
 		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
@@ -937,38 +1749,55 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		unpack_limit = receive_unpack_limit;
 
 	if (advertise_refs || !stateless_rpc) {
-		add_alternate_refs();
 		write_head_info();
-		clear_extra_refs();
-
-		/* EOF */
-		packet_flush(1);
 	}
 	if (advertise_refs)
 		return 0;
 
-	if ((commands = read_head_info()) != NULL) {
+	if ((commands = read_head_info(&shallow)) != NULL) {
 		const char *unpack_status = NULL;
 
-		if (!delete_only(commands))
-			unpack_status = unpack();
-		execute_commands(commands, unpack_status);
+		prepare_shallow_info(&si, &shallow);
+		if (!si.nr_ours && !si.nr_theirs)
+			shallow_update = 0;
+		if (!delete_only(commands)) {
+			unpack_status = unpack_with_sideband(&si);
+			update_shallow_info(commands, &si, &ref);
+		}
+		execute_commands(commands, unpack_status, &si);
 		if (pack_lockfile)
 			unlink_or_warn(pack_lockfile);
 		if (report_status)
 			report(commands, unpack_status);
-		run_receive_hook(commands, post_receive_hook, 1);
+		run_receive_hook(commands, "post-receive", 1);
 		run_update_post_hook(commands);
 		if (auto_gc) {
 			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
 				"gc", "--auto", "--quiet", NULL,
 			};
-			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+			struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+			proc.no_stdin = 1;
+			proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+			proc.err = use_sideband ? -1 : 0;
+			proc.git_cmd = 1;
+			proc.argv = argv_gc_auto;
+
+			close_all_packs();
+			if (!start_command(&proc)) {
+				if (use_sideband)
+					copy_to_sideband(proc.err, -1, NULL);
+				finish_command(&proc);
+			}
 		}
 		if (auto_update_server_info)
 			update_server_info(0);
+		clear_shallow_info(&si);
 	}
 	if (use_sideband)
 		packet_flush(1);
+	sha1_array_clear(&shallow);
+	sha1_array_clear(&ref);
+	free((void *)push_cert_nonce);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index 062d7dad1b..7a7136e53e 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -8,32 +8,26 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "reachable.h"
 
-/*
- * reflog expire
- */
-
+/* NEEDSWORK: switch to using parse_options */
 static const char reflog_expire_usage[] =
-"git reflog expire [--verbose] [--dry-run] [--stale-fix] [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--all] <refs>...";
+"git reflog expire [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix] [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all] <refs>...";
 static const char reflog_delete_usage[] =
-"git reflog delete [--verbose] [--dry-run] [--rewrite] [--updateref] <refs>...";
+"git reflog delete [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] <refs>...";
+static const char reflog_exists_usage[] =
+"git reflog exists <ref>";
 
 static unsigned long default_reflog_expire;
 static unsigned long default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
 
 struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb {
 	struct rev_info revs;
-	int dry_run;
 	int stalefix;
-	int rewrite;
-	int updateref;
-	int verbose;
 	unsigned long expire_total;
 	unsigned long expire_unreachable;
 	int recno;
 };
 
-struct expire_reflog_cb {
-	FILE *newlog;
+struct expire_reflog_policy_cb {
 	enum {
 		UE_NORMAL,
 		UE_ALWAYS,
@@ -41,14 +35,16 @@ struct expire_reflog_cb {
 	} unreachable_expire_kind;
 	struct commit_list *mark_list;
 	unsigned long mark_limit;
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cmd;
-	unsigned char last_kept_sha1[20];
+	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb cmd;
+	struct commit *tip_commit;
+	struct commit_list *tips;
 };
 
 struct collected_reflog {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char reflog[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
+
 struct collect_reflog_cb {
 	struct collected_reflog **e;
 	int alloc;
@@ -88,14 +84,13 @@ static int tree_is_complete(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	complete = 1;
 	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
-		if (!has_sha1_file(entry.sha1) ||
-		    (S_ISDIR(entry.mode) && !tree_is_complete(entry.sha1))) {
+		if (!has_sha1_file(entry.oid->hash) ||
+		    (S_ISDIR(entry.mode) && !tree_is_complete(entry.oid->hash))) {
 			tree->object.flags |= INCOMPLETE;
 			complete = 0;
 		}
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 
 	if (complete)
 		tree->object.flags |= SEEN;
@@ -131,7 +126,7 @@ static int commit_is_complete(struct commit *commit)
 		struct commit_list *parent;
 
 		c = (struct commit *)study.objects[--study.nr].item;
-		if (!c->object.parsed && !parse_object(c->object.sha1))
+		if (!c->object.parsed && !parse_object(c->object.oid.hash))
 			c->object.flags |= INCOMPLETE;
 
 		if (c->object.flags & INCOMPLETE) {
@@ -157,7 +152,7 @@ static int commit_is_complete(struct commit *commit)
 		for (i = 0; i < found.nr; i++) {
 			struct commit *c =
 				(struct commit *)found.objects[i].item;
-			if (!tree_is_complete(c->tree->object.sha1)) {
+			if (!tree_is_complete(c->tree->object.oid.hash)) {
 				is_incomplete = 1;
 				c->object.flags |= INCOMPLETE;
 			}
@@ -221,9 +216,8 @@ static int keep_entry(struct commit **it, unsigned char *sha1)
  * the expire_limit and queue them back, so that the caller can call
  * us again to restart the traversal with longer expire_limit.
  */
-static void mark_reachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb)
+static void mark_reachable(struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb)
 {
-	struct commit *commit;
 	struct commit_list *pending;
 	unsigned long expire_limit = cb->mark_limit;
 	struct commit_list *leftover = NULL;
@@ -233,11 +227,8 @@ static void mark_reachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb)
 
 	pending = cb->mark_list;
 	while (pending) {
-		struct commit_list *entry = pending;
 		struct commit_list *parent;
-		pending = entry->next;
-		commit = entry->item;
-		free(entry);
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&pending);
 		if (commit->object.flags & REACHABLE)
 			continue;
 		if (parse_commit(commit))
@@ -260,7 +251,7 @@ static void mark_reachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb)
 	cb->mark_list = leftover;
 }
 
-static int unreachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb, struct commit *commit, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int unreachable(struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb, struct commit *commit, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	/*
 	 * We may or may not have the commit yet - if not, look it
@@ -289,174 +280,111 @@ static int unreachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb, struct commit *commit, unsig
 	return !(commit->object.flags & REACHABLE);
 }
 
-static int expire_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
-		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
-		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+/*
+ * Return true iff the specified reflog entry should be expired.
+ */
+static int should_expire_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+				    const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+				    const char *message, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct expire_reflog_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
 	struct commit *old, *new;
 
-	if (timestamp < cb->cmd->expire_total)
-		goto prune;
-
-	if (cb->cmd->rewrite)
-		osha1 = cb->last_kept_sha1;
+	if (timestamp < cb->cmd.expire_total)
+		return 1;
 
 	old = new = NULL;
-	if (cb->cmd->stalefix &&
+	if (cb->cmd.stalefix &&
 	    (!keep_entry(&old, osha1) || !keep_entry(&new, nsha1)))
-		goto prune;
+		return 1;
 
-	if (timestamp < cb->cmd->expire_unreachable) {
+	if (timestamp < cb->cmd.expire_unreachable) {
 		if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind == UE_ALWAYS)
-			goto prune;
+			return 1;
 		if (unreachable(cb, old, osha1) || unreachable(cb, new, nsha1))
-			goto prune;
+			return 1;
 	}
 
-	if (cb->cmd->recno && --(cb->cmd->recno) == 0)
-		goto prune;
-
-	if (cb->newlog) {
-		char sign = (tz < 0) ? '-' : '+';
-		int zone = (tz < 0) ? (-tz) : tz;
-		fprintf(cb->newlog, "%s %s %s %lu %c%04d\t%s",
-			sha1_to_hex(osha1), sha1_to_hex(nsha1),
-			email, timestamp, sign, zone,
-			message);
-		hashcpy(cb->last_kept_sha1, nsha1);
-	}
-	if (cb->cmd->verbose)
-		printf("keep %s", message);
-	return 0;
- prune:
-	if (!cb->newlog || cb->cmd->verbose)
-		printf("%sprune %s", cb->newlog ? "" : "would ", message);
+	if (cb->cmd.recno && --(cb->cmd.recno) == 0)
+		return 1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int push_tip_to_list(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int push_tip_to_list(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			    int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct commit_list **list = cb_data;
 	struct commit *tip_commit;
 	if (flags & REF_ISSYMREF)
 		return 0;
-	tip_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	tip_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid->hash, 1);
 	if (!tip_commit)
 		return 0;
 	commit_list_insert(tip_commit, list);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int expire_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused, void *cb_data)
+static void reflog_expiry_prepare(const char *refname,
+				  const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cmd = cb_data;
-	struct expire_reflog_cb cb;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	char *log_file, *newlog_path = NULL;
-	struct commit *tip_commit;
-	struct commit_list *tips;
-	int status = 0;
-
-	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
-
-	/*
-	 * we take the lock for the ref itself to prevent it from
-	 * getting updated.
-	 */
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, sha1, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		return error("cannot lock ref '%s'", ref);
-	log_file = git_pathdup("logs/%s", ref);
-	if (!file_exists(log_file))
-		goto finish;
-	if (!cmd->dry_run) {
-		newlog_path = git_pathdup("logs/%s.lock", ref);
-		cb.newlog = fopen(newlog_path, "w");
-	}
-
-	cb.cmd = cmd;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
 
-	if (!cmd->expire_unreachable || !strcmp(ref, "HEAD")) {
-		tip_commit = NULL;
-		cb.unreachable_expire_kind = UE_HEAD;
+	if (!cb->cmd.expire_unreachable || !strcmp(refname, "HEAD")) {
+		cb->tip_commit = NULL;
+		cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_HEAD;
 	} else {
-		tip_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
-		if (!tip_commit)
-			cb.unreachable_expire_kind = UE_ALWAYS;
+		cb->tip_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+		if (!cb->tip_commit)
+			cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_ALWAYS;
 		else
-			cb.unreachable_expire_kind = UE_NORMAL;
+			cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_NORMAL;
 	}
 
-	if (cmd->expire_unreachable <= cmd->expire_total)
-		cb.unreachable_expire_kind = UE_ALWAYS;
+	if (cb->cmd.expire_unreachable <= cb->cmd.expire_total)
+		cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_ALWAYS;
 
-	cb.mark_list = NULL;
-	tips = NULL;
-	if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind != UE_ALWAYS) {
-		if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
+	cb->mark_list = NULL;
+	cb->tips = NULL;
+	if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind != UE_ALWAYS) {
+		if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
 			struct commit_list *elem;
-			for_each_ref(push_tip_to_list, &tips);
-			for (elem = tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
-				commit_list_insert(elem->item, &cb.mark_list);
+
+			for_each_ref(push_tip_to_list, &cb->tips);
+			for (elem = cb->tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
+				commit_list_insert(elem->item, &cb->mark_list);
 		} else {
-			commit_list_insert(tip_commit, &cb.mark_list);
+			commit_list_insert(cb->tip_commit, &cb->mark_list);
 		}
-		cb.mark_limit = cmd->expire_total;
-		mark_reachable(&cb);
+		cb->mark_limit = cb->cmd.expire_total;
+		mark_reachable(cb);
 	}
+}
 
-	for_each_reflog_ent(ref, expire_reflog_ent, &cb);
+static void reflog_expiry_cleanup(void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
 
-	if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind != UE_ALWAYS) {
-		if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
+	if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind != UE_ALWAYS) {
+		if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
 			struct commit_list *elem;
-			for (elem = tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
-				clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
-			free_commit_list(tips);
-		} else {
-			clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
-		}
-	}
- finish:
-	if (cb.newlog) {
-		if (fclose(cb.newlog)) {
-			status |= error("%s: %s", strerror(errno),
-					newlog_path);
-			unlink(newlog_path);
-		} else if (cmd->updateref &&
-			(write_in_full(lock->lock_fd,
-				sha1_to_hex(cb.last_kept_sha1), 40) != 40 ||
-			 write_str_in_full(lock->lock_fd, "\n") != 1 ||
-			 close_ref(lock) < 0)) {
-			status |= error("Couldn't write %s",
-				lock->lk->filename);
-			unlink(newlog_path);
-		} else if (rename(newlog_path, log_file)) {
-			status |= error("cannot rename %s to %s",
-					newlog_path, log_file);
-			unlink(newlog_path);
-		} else if (cmd->updateref && commit_ref(lock)) {
-			status |= error("Couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
+			for (elem = cb->tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
+				clear_commit_marks(elem->item, REACHABLE);
+			free_commit_list(cb->tips);
 		} else {
-			adjust_shared_perm(log_file);
+			clear_commit_marks(cb->tip_commit, REACHABLE);
 		}
 	}
-	free(newlog_path);
-	free(log_file);
-	unlock_ref(lock);
-	return status;
 }
 
-static int collect_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused, void *cb_data)
+static int collect_reflog(const char *ref, const struct object_id *oid, int unused, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct collected_reflog *e;
 	struct collect_reflog_cb *cb = cb_data;
-	size_t namelen = strlen(ref);
 
-	e = xmalloc(sizeof(*e) + namelen + 1);
-	hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
-	memcpy(e->reflog, ref, namelen + 1);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(e, reflog, ref);
+	hashcpy(e->sha1, oid->hash);
 	ALLOC_GROW(cb->e, cb->nr + 1, cb->alloc);
 	cb->e[cb->nr++] = e;
 	return 0;
@@ -466,7 +394,6 @@ static struct reflog_expire_cfg {
 	struct reflog_expire_cfg *next;
 	unsigned long expire_total;
 	unsigned long expire_unreachable;
-	size_t len;
 	char pattern[FLEX_ARRAY];
 } *reflog_expire_cfg, **reflog_expire_cfg_tail;
 
@@ -478,13 +405,11 @@ static struct reflog_expire_cfg *find_cfg_ent(const char *pattern, size_t len)
 		reflog_expire_cfg_tail = &reflog_expire_cfg;
 
 	for (ent = reflog_expire_cfg; ent; ent = ent->next)
-		if (ent->len == len &&
-		    !memcmp(ent->pattern, pattern, len))
+		if (!strncmp(ent->pattern, pattern, len) &&
+		    ent->pattern[len] == '\0')
 			return ent;
 
-	ent = xcalloc(1, (sizeof(*ent) + len));
-	memcpy(ent->pattern, pattern, len);
-	ent->len = len;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(ent, pattern, pattern, len);
 	*reflog_expire_cfg_tail = ent;
 	reflog_expire_cfg_tail = &(ent->next);
 	return ent;
@@ -494,11 +419,9 @@ static int parse_expire_cfg_value(const char *var, const char *value, unsigned l
 {
 	if (!value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
-	if (!strcmp(value, "never") || !strcmp(value, "false")) {
-		*expire = 0;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	*expire = approxidate(value);
+	if (parse_expiry_date(value, expire))
+		return error(_("'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"),
+			     value, var);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -508,26 +431,27 @@ static int parse_expire_cfg_value(const char *var, const char *value, unsigned l
 
 static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *lastdot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	const char *pattern, *key;
+	int pattern_len;
 	unsigned long expire;
 	int slot;
 	struct reflog_expire_cfg *ent;
 
-	if (!lastdot || prefixcmp(var, "gc."))
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "gc", &pattern, &pattern_len, &key) < 0)
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpire")) {
+	if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpire")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
-	} else if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpireunreachable")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpireunreachable")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
 	} else
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (lastdot == var + 2) {
+	if (!pattern) {
 		switch (slot) {
 		case EXPIRE_TOTAL:
 			default_reflog_expire = expire;
@@ -539,7 +463,7 @@ static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	ent = find_cfg_ent(var + 3, lastdot - (var+3));
+	ent = find_cfg_ent(pattern, pattern_len);
 	if (!ent)
 		return -1;
 	switch (slot) {
@@ -561,7 +485,7 @@ static void set_reflog_expiry_param(struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cb, int slot, c
 		return; /* both given explicitly -- nothing to tweak */
 
 	for (ent = reflog_expire_cfg; ent; ent = ent->next) {
-		if (!fnmatch(ent->pattern, ref, 0)) {
+		if (!wildmatch(ent->pattern, ref, 0, NULL)) {
 			if (!(slot & EXPIRE_TOTAL))
 				cb->expire_total = ent->expire_total;
 			if (!(slot & EXPIRE_UNREACH))
@@ -590,10 +514,11 @@ static void set_reflog_expiry_param(struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cb, int slot, c
 
 static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb cb;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb cb;
 	unsigned long now = time(NULL);
 	int i, status, do_all;
 	int explicit_expiry = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
 
 	default_reflog_expire_unreachable = now - 30 * 24 * 3600;
 	default_reflog_expire = now - 90 * 24 * 3600;
@@ -603,31 +528,33 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	do_all = status = 0;
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
-	cb.expire_total = default_reflog_expire;
-	cb.expire_unreachable = default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
+	cb.cmd.expire_total = default_reflog_expire;
+	cb.cmd.expire_unreachable = default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
-			cb.dry_run = 1;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire=")) {
-			cb.expire_total = approxidate(arg + 9);
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN;
+		else if (starts_with(arg, "--expire=")) {
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 9, &cb.cmd.expire_total))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		}
-		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire-unreachable=")) {
-			cb.expire_unreachable = approxidate(arg + 21);
+		else if (starts_with(arg, "--expire-unreachable=")) {
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 21, &cb.cmd.expire_unreachable))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--stale-fix"))
-			cb.stalefix = 1;
+			cb.cmd.stalefix = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--rewrite"))
-			cb.rewrite = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_REWRITE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--updateref"))
-			cb.updateref = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all"))
 			do_all = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose"))
-			cb.verbose = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
 			i++;
 			break;
@@ -643,12 +570,12 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * even in older repository.  We cannot trust what's reachable
 	 * from reflog if the repository was pruned with older git.
 	 */
-	if (cb.stalefix) {
-		init_revisions(&cb.revs, prefix);
-		if (cb.verbose)
+	if (cb.cmd.stalefix) {
+		init_revisions(&cb.cmd.revs, prefix);
+		if (flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
 			printf("Marking reachable objects...");
-		mark_reachable_objects(&cb.revs, 0, NULL);
-		if (cb.verbose)
+		mark_reachable_objects(&cb.cmd.revs, 0, 0, NULL);
+		if (flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
 			putchar('\n');
 	}
 
@@ -660,8 +587,12 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		for_each_reflog(collect_reflog, &collected);
 		for (i = 0; i < collected.nr; i++) {
 			struct collected_reflog *e = collected.e[i];
-			set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb, explicit_expiry, e->reflog);
-			status |= expire_reflog(e->reflog, e->sha1, 0, &cb);
+			set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb.cmd, explicit_expiry, e->reflog);
+			status |= reflog_expire(e->reflog, e->sha1, flags,
+						reflog_expiry_prepare,
+						should_expire_reflog_ent,
+						reflog_expiry_cleanup,
+						&cb);
 			free(e);
 		}
 		free(collected.e);
@@ -674,8 +605,12 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			status |= error("%s points nowhere!", argv[i]);
 			continue;
 		}
-		set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb, explicit_expiry, ref);
-		status |= expire_reflog(ref, sha1, 0, &cb);
+		set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb.cmd, explicit_expiry, ref);
+		status |= reflog_expire(ref, sha1, flags,
+					reflog_expiry_prepare,
+					should_expire_reflog_ent,
+					reflog_expiry_cleanup,
+					&cb);
 	}
 	return status;
 }
@@ -684,29 +619,30 @@ static int count_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
 		const char *message, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cb = cb_data;
-	if (!cb->expire_total || timestamp < cb->expire_total)
-		cb->recno++;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	if (!cb->cmd.expire_total || timestamp < cb->cmd.expire_total)
+		cb->cmd.recno++;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int cmd_reflog_delete(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb cb;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb cb;
 	int i, status = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
 
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
-			cb.dry_run = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--rewrite"))
-			cb.rewrite = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_REWRITE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--updateref"))
-			cb.updateref = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose"))
-			cb.verbose = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
 			i++;
 			break;
@@ -738,26 +674,56 @@ static int cmd_reflog_delete(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 		recno = strtoul(spec + 2, &ep, 10);
 		if (*ep == '}') {
-			cb.recno = -recno;
+			cb.cmd.recno = -recno;
 			for_each_reflog_ent(ref, count_reflog_ent, &cb);
 		} else {
-			cb.expire_total = approxidate(spec + 2);
+			cb.cmd.expire_total = approxidate(spec + 2);
 			for_each_reflog_ent(ref, count_reflog_ent, &cb);
-			cb.expire_total = 0;
+			cb.cmd.expire_total = 0;
 		}
 
-		status |= expire_reflog(ref, sha1, 0, &cb);
+		status |= reflog_expire(ref, sha1, flags,
+					reflog_expiry_prepare,
+					should_expire_reflog_ent,
+					reflog_expiry_cleanup,
+					&cb);
 		free(ref);
 	}
 	return status;
 }
 
+static int cmd_reflog_exists(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, start = 0;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		else if (arg[0] == '-')
+			usage(reflog_exists_usage);
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	start = i;
+
+	if (argc - start != 1)
+		usage(reflog_exists_usage);
+
+	if (check_refname_format(argv[start], REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		die("invalid ref format: %s", argv[start]);
+	return !reflog_exists(argv[start]);
+}
+
 /*
  * main "reflog"
  */
 
 static const char reflog_usage[] =
-"git reflog [ show | expire | delete ]";
+"git reflog [ show | expire | delete | exists ]";
 
 int cmd_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
@@ -777,5 +743,8 @@ int cmd_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "delete"))
 		return cmd_reflog_delete(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
 
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "exists"))
+		return cmd_reflog_exists(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
+
 	return cmd_log_reflog(argc, argv, prefix);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/remote-ext.c b/builtin/remote-ext.c
index 692c834d9d..88eb8f9013 100644
--- a/builtin/remote-ext.c
+++ b/builtin/remote-ext.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
 
 /*
  * URL syntax:
@@ -30,16 +31,14 @@ static char *strip_escapes(const char *str, const char *service,
 	size_t rpos = 0;
 	int escape = 0;
 	char special = 0;
-	size_t psoff = 0;
+	const char *service_noprefix = service;
 	struct strbuf ret = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	/* Calculate prefix length for \s and lengths for \s and \S */
-	if (!strncmp(service, "git-", 4))
-		psoff = 4;
+	skip_prefix(service_noprefix, "git-", &service_noprefix);
 
 	/* Pass the service to command. */
 	setenv("GIT_EXT_SERVICE", service, 1);
-	setenv("GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX", service + psoff, 1);
+	setenv("GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX", service_noprefix, 1);
 
 	/* Scan the length of argument. */
 	while (str[rpos] && (escape || str[rpos] != ' ')) {
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ static char *strip_escapes(const char *str, const char *service,
 				strbuf_addch(&ret, str[rpos]);
 				break;
 			case 's':
-				strbuf_addstr(&ret, service + psoff);
+				strbuf_addstr(&ret, service_noprefix);
 				break;
 			case 'S':
 				strbuf_addstr(&ret, service);
@@ -115,77 +114,35 @@ static char *strip_escapes(const char *str, const char *service,
 	}
 }
 
-/* Should be enough... */
-#define MAXARGUMENTS 256
-
-static const char **parse_argv(const char *arg, const char *service)
+static void parse_argv(struct argv_array *out, const char *arg, const char *service)
 {
-	int arguments = 0;
-	int i;
-	const char **ret;
-	char *temparray[MAXARGUMENTS + 1];
-
 	while (*arg) {
-		char *expanded;
-		if (arguments == MAXARGUMENTS)
-			die("remote-ext command has too many arguments");
-		expanded = strip_escapes(arg, service, &arg);
+		char *expanded = strip_escapes(arg, service, &arg);
 		if (expanded)
-			temparray[arguments++] = expanded;
+			argv_array_push(out, expanded);
+		free(expanded);
 	}
-
-	ret = xmalloc((arguments + 1) * sizeof(char *));
-	for (i = 0; i < arguments; i++)
-		ret[i] = temparray[i];
-	ret[arguments] = NULL;
-	return ret;
 }
 
 static void send_git_request(int stdin_fd, const char *serv, const char *repo,
 	const char *vhost)
 {
-	size_t bufferspace;
-	size_t wpos = 0;
-	char *buffer;
-
-	/*
-	 * Request needs 12 bytes extra if there is vhost (xxxx \0host=\0) and
-	 * 6 bytes extra (xxxx \0) if there is no vhost.
-	 */
-	if (vhost)
-		bufferspace = strlen(serv) + strlen(repo) + strlen(vhost) + 12;
+	if (!vhost)
+		packet_write(stdin_fd, "%s %s%c", serv, repo, 0);
 	else
-		bufferspace = strlen(serv) + strlen(repo) + 6;
-
-	if (bufferspace > 0xFFFF)
-		die("Request too large to send");
-	buffer = xmalloc(bufferspace);
-
-	/* Make the packet. */
-	wpos = sprintf(buffer, "%04x%s %s%c", (unsigned)bufferspace,
-		serv, repo, 0);
-
-	/* Add vhost if any. */
-	if (vhost)
-		sprintf(buffer + wpos, "host=%s%c", vhost, 0);
-
-	/* Send the request */
-	if (write_in_full(stdin_fd, buffer, bufferspace) < 0)
-		die_errno("Failed to send request");
-
-	free(buffer);
+		packet_write(stdin_fd, "%s %s%chost=%s%c", serv, repo, 0,
+			     vhost, 0);
 }
 
 static int run_child(const char *arg, const char *service)
 {
 	int r;
-	struct child_process child;
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
-	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
 	child.in = -1;
 	child.out = -1;
 	child.err = 0;
-	child.argv = parse_argv(arg, service);
+	parse_argv(&child.args, arg, service);
 
 	if (start_command(&child) < 0)
 		die("Can't run specified command");
@@ -211,7 +168,7 @@ static int command_loop(const char *child)
 		size_t i;
 		if (!fgets(buffer, MAXCOMMAND - 1, stdin)) {
 			if (ferror(stdin))
-				die("Comammand input error");
+				die("Command input error");
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		/* Strip end of line characters. */
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index 583eec90e0..5ded3018af 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -6,68 +6,75 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_usage[] = {
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose]",
-	"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>",
-	"git remote rename <old> <new>",
-	"git remote rm <name>",
-	"git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)",
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>",
-	"git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>",
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]",
-	"git remote set-branches <name> [--add] <branch>...",
-	"git remote set-url <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]",
-	"git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>",
-	"git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose]"),
+	N_("git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"),
+	N_("git remote rename <old> <new>"),
+	N_("git remote remove <name>"),
+	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"),
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"),
+	N_("git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"),
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"),
+	N_("git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."),
+	N_("git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"),
+	N_("git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_add_usage[] = {
-	"git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_rename_usage[] = {
-	"git remote rename <old> <new>",
+	N_("git remote rename <old> <new>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_rm_usage[] = {
-	"git remote rm <name>",
+	N_("git remote remove <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_sethead_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])",
+	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_setbranches_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-branches <name> <branch>...",
-	"git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>...",
+	N_("git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."),
+	N_("git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_show_usage[] = {
-	"git remote show [<options>] <name>",
+	N_("git remote show [<options>] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_prune_usage[] = {
-	"git remote prune [<options>] <name>",
+	N_("git remote prune [<options>] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_update_usage[] = {
-	"git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]...",
+	N_("git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."),
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_geturl_usage[] = {
+	N_("git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_seturl_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]",
-	"git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>",
-	"git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -77,17 +84,6 @@ static const char * const builtin_remote_seturl_usage[] = {
 
 static int verbose;
 
-static int show_all(void);
-static int prune_remote(const char *remote, int dry_run);
-
-static inline int postfixcmp(const char *string, const char *postfix)
-{
-	int len1 = strlen(string), len2 = strlen(postfix);
-	if (len1 < len2)
-		return 1;
-	return strcmp(string + len1 - len2, postfix);
-}
-
 static int fetch_remote(const char *name)
 {
 	const char *argv[] = { "fetch", name, NULL, NULL };
@@ -95,9 +91,9 @@ static int fetch_remote(const char *name)
 		argv[1] = "-v";
 		argv[2] = name;
 	}
-	printf("Updating %s\n", name);
+	printf_ln(_("Updating %s"), name);
 	if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error("Could not fetch %s", name);
+		return error(_("Could not fetch %s"), name);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -112,8 +108,8 @@ enum {
 #define MIRROR_PUSH 2
 #define MIRROR_BOTH (MIRROR_FETCH|MIRROR_PUSH)
 
-static int add_branch(const char *key, const char *branchname,
-		const char *remotename, int mirror, struct strbuf *tmp)
+static void add_branch(const char *key, const char *branchname,
+		       const char *remotename, int mirror, struct strbuf *tmp)
 {
 	strbuf_reset(tmp);
 	strbuf_addch(tmp, '+');
@@ -123,12 +119,12 @@ static int add_branch(const char *key, const char *branchname,
 	else
 		strbuf_addf(tmp, "refs/heads/%s:refs/remotes/%s/%s",
 				branchname, remotename, branchname);
-	return git_config_set_multivar(key, tmp->buf, "^$", 0);
+	git_config_set_multivar(key, tmp->buf, "^$", 0);
 }
 
 static const char mirror_advice[] =
-"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
-"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead";
+N_("--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+   "\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead");
 
 static int parse_mirror_opt(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int not)
 {
@@ -136,7 +132,7 @@ static int parse_mirror_opt(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int not)
 	if (not)
 		*mirror = MIRROR_NONE;
 	else if (!arg) {
-		warning("%s", mirror_advice);
+		warning("%s", _(mirror_advice));
 		*mirror = MIRROR_BOTH;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "fetch"))
@@ -144,7 +140,7 @@ static int parse_mirror_opt(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int not)
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "push"))
 		*mirror = MIRROR_PUSH;
 	else
-		return error("unknown mirror argument: %s", arg);
+		return error(_("unknown mirror argument: %s"), arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -160,17 +156,17 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 	int i;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "fetch", &fetch, "fetch the remote branches"),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "fetch", &fetch, N_("fetch the remote branches")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "tags", &fetch_tags,
-			    "import all tags and associated objects when fetching",
+			    N_("import all tags and associated objects when fetching"),
 			    TAGS_SET),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, NULL, &fetch_tags,
-			    "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
-		OPT_STRING_LIST('t', "track", &track, "branch",
-				"branch(es) to track"),
-		OPT_STRING('m', "master", &master, "branch", "master branch"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "mirror", &mirror, "push|fetch",
-			"set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from",
+			    N_("or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST('t', "track", &track, N_("branch"),
+				N_("branch(es) to track")),
+		OPT_STRING('m', "master", &master, N_("branch"), N_("master branch")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "mirror", &mirror, N_("push|fetch"),
+			N_("set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parse_mirror_opt },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -178,29 +174,27 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_add_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	if (argc < 2)
+	if (argc != 2)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_add_usage, options);
 
 	if (mirror && master)
-		die("specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror");
+		die(_("specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"));
 	if (mirror && !(mirror & MIRROR_FETCH) && track.nr)
-		die("specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors");
+		die(_("specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"));
 
 	name = argv[0];
 	url = argv[1];
 
 	remote = remote_get(name);
-	if (remote && (remote->url_nr > 1 || strcmp(name, remote->url[0]) ||
-			remote->fetch_refspec_nr))
-		die("remote %s already exists.", name);
+	if (remote_is_configured(remote))
+		die(_("remote %s already exists."), name);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/heads/test:refs/remotes/%s/test", name);
 	if (!valid_fetch_refspec(buf2.buf))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid remote name", name);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid remote name"), name);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.url", name);
-	if (git_config_set(buf.buf, url))
-		return 1;
+	git_config_set(buf.buf, url);
 
 	if (!mirror || mirror & MIRROR_FETCH) {
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
@@ -208,25 +202,22 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 		if (track.nr == 0)
 			string_list_append(&track, "*");
 		for (i = 0; i < track.nr; i++) {
-			if (add_branch(buf.buf, track.items[i].string,
-				       name, mirror, &buf2))
-				return 1;
+			add_branch(buf.buf, track.items[i].string,
+				   name, mirror, &buf2);
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (mirror & MIRROR_PUSH) {
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.mirror", name);
-		if (git_config_set(buf.buf, "true"))
-			return 1;
+		git_config_set(buf.buf, "true");
 	}
 
 	if (fetch_tags != TAGS_DEFAULT) {
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.tagopt", name);
-		if (git_config_set(buf.buf,
-			fetch_tags == TAGS_SET ? "--tags" : "--no-tags"))
-			return 1;
+		git_config_set(buf.buf,
+			       fetch_tags == TAGS_SET ? "--tags" : "--no-tags");
 	}
 
 	if (fetch && fetch_remote(name))
@@ -240,7 +231,7 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/remotes/%s/%s", name, master);
 
 		if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "remote add"))
-			return error("Could not setup master '%s'", master);
+			return error(_("Could not setup master '%s'"), master);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -253,38 +244,37 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 struct branch_info {
 	char *remote_name;
 	struct string_list merge;
-	int rebase;
+	enum { NO_REBASE, NORMAL_REBASE, INTERACTIVE_REBASE } rebase;
 };
 
-static struct string_list branch_list;
+static struct string_list branch_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 static const char *abbrev_ref(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *abbrev = skip_prefix(name, prefix);
-	if (abbrev)
-		return abbrev;
+	skip_prefix(name, prefix, &name);
 	return name;
 }
 #define abbrev_branch(name) abbrev_ref((name), "refs/heads/")
 
 static int config_read_branches(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(key, "branch.")) {
+	if (starts_with(key, "branch.")) {
 		const char *orig_key = key;
 		char *name;
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 		struct branch_info *info;
 		enum { REMOTE, MERGE, REBASE } type;
+		size_t key_len;
 
 		key += 7;
-		if (!postfixcmp(key, ".remote")) {
-			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 7);
+		if (strip_suffix(key, ".remote", &key_len)) {
+			name = xmemdupz(key, key_len);
 			type = REMOTE;
-		} else if (!postfixcmp(key, ".merge")) {
-			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 6);
+		} else if (strip_suffix(key, ".merge", &key_len)) {
+			name = xmemdupz(key, key_len);
 			type = MERGE;
-		} else if (!postfixcmp(key, ".rebase")) {
-			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 7);
+		} else if (strip_suffix(key, ".rebase", &key_len)) {
+			name = xmemdupz(key, key_len);
 			type = REBASE;
 		} else
 			return 0;
@@ -292,11 +282,11 @@ static int config_read_branches(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 		item = string_list_insert(&branch_list, name);
 
 		if (!item->util)
-			item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct branch_info), 1);
+			item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct branch_info));
 		info = item->util;
 		if (type == REMOTE) {
 			if (info->remote_name)
-				warning("more than one %s", orig_key);
+				warning(_("more than one %s"), orig_key);
 			info->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
 		} else if (type == MERGE) {
 			char *space = strchr(value, ' ');
@@ -309,8 +299,15 @@ static int config_read_branches(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 				space = strchr(value, ' ');
 			}
 			string_list_append(&info->merge, xstrdup(value));
-		} else
-			info->rebase = git_config_bool(orig_key, value);
+		} else {
+			int v = git_config_maybe_bool(orig_key, value);
+			if (v >= 0)
+				info->rebase = v;
+			else if (!strcmp(value, "preserve"))
+				info->rebase = NORMAL_REBASE;
+			else if (!strcmp(value, "interactive"))
+				info->rebase = INTERACTIVE_REBASE;
+		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -336,7 +333,7 @@ static int get_ref_states(const struct ref *remote_refs, struct ref_states *stat
 
 	for (i = 0; i < states->remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
 		if (get_fetch_map(remote_refs, states->remote->fetch + i, &tail, 1))
-			die("Could not get fetch map for refspec %s",
+			die(_("Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"),
 				states->remote->fetch_refspec[i]);
 
 	states->new.strdup_strings = 1;
@@ -358,9 +355,9 @@ static int get_ref_states(const struct ref *remote_refs, struct ref_states *stat
 	free_refs(stale_refs);
 	free_refs(fetch_map);
 
-	sort_string_list(&states->new);
-	sort_string_list(&states->tracked);
-	sort_string_list(&states->stale);
+	string_list_sort(&states->new);
+	string_list_sort(&states->tracked);
+	string_list_sort(&states->stale);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -399,23 +396,23 @@ static int get_push_ref_states(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 
 		if (!ref->peer_ref)
 			continue;
-		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+		oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, &ref->peer_ref->new_oid);
 
 		item = string_list_append(&states->push,
 					  abbrev_branch(ref->peer_ref->name));
-		item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct push_info));
 		info = item->util;
 		info->forced = ref->force;
 		info->dest = xstrdup(abbrev_branch(ref->name));
 
-		if (is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1)) {
+		if (is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid)) {
 			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_DELETE;
-		} else if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->new_sha1))
+		} else if (!oidcmp(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid))
 			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_UPTODATE;
-		else if (is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1))
+		else if (is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid))
 			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_CREATE;
-		else if (has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1) &&
-			 ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1))
+		else if (has_object_file(&ref->old_oid) &&
+			 ref_newer(&ref->new_oid, &ref->old_oid))
 			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_FASTFORWARD;
 		else
 			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_OUTOFDATE;
@@ -437,21 +434,21 @@ static int get_push_ref_states_noquery(struct ref_states *states)
 
 	states->push.strdup_strings = 1;
 	if (!remote->push_refspec_nr) {
-		item = string_list_append(&states->push, "(matching)");
-		info = item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		item = string_list_append(&states->push, _("(matching)"));
+		info = item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct push_info));
 		info->status = PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED;
 		info->dest = xstrdup(item->string);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < remote->push_refspec_nr; i++) {
 		struct refspec *spec = remote->push + i;
 		if (spec->matching)
-			item = string_list_append(&states->push, "(matching)");
+			item = string_list_append(&states->push, _("(matching)"));
 		else if (strlen(spec->src))
 			item = string_list_append(&states->push, spec->src);
 		else
-			item = string_list_append(&states->push, "(delete)");
+			item = string_list_append(&states->push, _("(delete)"));
 
-		info = item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		info = item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct push_info));
 		info->forced = spec->force;
 		info->status = PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED;
 		info->dest = xstrdup(spec->dst ? spec->dst : item->string);
@@ -513,11 +510,10 @@ struct branches_for_remote {
 };
 
 static int add_branch_for_removal(const char *refname,
-	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+	const struct object_id *oid, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct branches_for_remote *branches = cb_data;
 	struct refspec refspec;
-	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct known_remote *kr;
 
 	memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
@@ -534,9 +530,9 @@ static int add_branch_for_removal(const char *refname,
 	}
 
 	/* don't delete non-remote-tracking refs */
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes")) {
+	if (!starts_with(refname, "refs/remotes/")) {
 		/* advise user how to delete local branches */
-		if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
 			string_list_append(branches->skipped,
 					   abbrev_branch(refname));
 		/* silently skip over other non-remote refs */
@@ -547,9 +543,7 @@ static int add_branch_for_removal(const char *refname,
 	if (flags & REF_ISSYMREF)
 		return unlink(git_path("%s", refname));
 
-	item = string_list_append(branches->branches, refname);
-	item->util = xmalloc(20);
-	hashcpy(item->util, sha1);
+	string_list_append(branches->branches, refname);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -561,19 +555,20 @@ struct rename_info {
 };
 
 static int read_remote_branches(const char *refname,
-	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+	const struct object_id *oid, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct rename_info *rename = cb_data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	int flag;
-	unsigned char orig_sha1[20];
+	struct object_id orig_oid;
 	const char *symref;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s/", rename->old);
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, buf.buf)) {
+	if (starts_with(refname, buf.buf)) {
 		item = string_list_append(rename->remote_branches, xstrdup(refname));
-		symref = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, orig_sha1, 1, &flag);
+		symref = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					    orig_oid.hash, &flag);
 		if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
 			item->util = xstrdup(symref);
 		else
@@ -587,31 +582,23 @@ static int migrate_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int i;
-	char *path = NULL;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.url", remote->name);
 	for (i = 0; i < remote->url_nr; i++)
-		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->url[i], "^$", 0))
-			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
-					remote->url[i], buf.buf);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->url[i], "^$", 0);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.push", remote->name);
 	for (i = 0; i < remote->push_refspec_nr; i++)
-		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->push_refspec[i], "^$", 0))
-			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
-					remote->push_refspec[i], buf.buf);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->push_refspec[i], "^$", 0);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", remote->name);
 	for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
-		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->fetch_refspec[i], "^$", 0))
-			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
-					remote->fetch_refspec[i], buf.buf);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->fetch_refspec[i], "^$", 0);
 	if (remote->origin == REMOTE_REMOTES)
-		path = git_path("remotes/%s", remote->name);
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("remotes/%s", remote->name));
 	else if (remote->origin == REMOTE_BRANCHES)
-		path = git_path("branches/%s", remote->name);
-	if (path)
-		unlink_or_warn(path);
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("branches/%s", remote->name));
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -635,31 +622,30 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 	rename.remote_branches = &remote_branches;
 
 	oldremote = remote_get(rename.old);
-	if (!oldremote)
-		die("No such remote: %s", rename.old);
+	if (!remote_is_configured(oldremote))
+		die(_("No such remote: %s"), rename.old);
 
 	if (!strcmp(rename.old, rename.new) && oldremote->origin != REMOTE_CONFIG)
 		return migrate_file(oldremote);
 
 	newremote = remote_get(rename.new);
-	if (newremote && (newremote->url_nr > 1 || newremote->fetch_refspec_nr))
-		die("remote %s already exists.", rename.new);
+	if (remote_is_configured(newremote))
+		die(_("remote %s already exists."), rename.new);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/heads/test:refs/remotes/%s/test", rename.new);
 	if (!valid_fetch_refspec(buf.buf))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid remote name", rename.new);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid remote name"), rename.new);
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s", rename.old);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf2, "remote.%s", rename.new);
 	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, buf2.buf) < 1)
-		return error("Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'",
+		return error(_("Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"),
 				buf.buf, buf2.buf);
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", rename.new);
-	if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1))
-		return error("Could not remove config section '%s'", buf.buf);
+	git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1);
 	strbuf_addf(&old_remote_context, ":refs/remotes/%s/", rename.old);
 	for (i = 0; i < oldremote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++) {
 		char *ptr;
@@ -674,13 +660,12 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 				      strlen(rename.old), rename.new,
 				      strlen(rename.new));
 		} else
-			warning("Not updating non-default fetch respec\n"
-				"\t%s\n"
-				"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary.",
+			warning(_("Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+				  "\t%s\n"
+				  "\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."),
 				buf2.buf);
 
-		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "^$", 0))
-			return error("Could not append '%s'", buf.buf);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "^$", 0);
 	}
 
 	read_branches();
@@ -690,9 +675,7 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 		if (info->remote_name && !strcmp(info->remote_name, rename.old)) {
 			strbuf_reset(&buf);
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.remote", item->string);
-			if (git_config_set(buf.buf, rename.new)) {
-				return error("Could not set '%s'", buf.buf);
-			}
+			git_config_set(buf.buf, rename.new);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -707,13 +690,13 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
 		int flag = 0;
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_id oid;
 
-		read_ref_full(item->string, sha1, 1, &flag);
+		read_ref_full(item->string, RESOLVE_REF_READING, oid.hash, &flag);
 		if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
 			continue;
 		if (delete_ref(item->string, NULL, REF_NODEREF))
-			die("deleting '%s' failed", item->string);
+			die(_("deleting '%s' failed"), item->string);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
@@ -728,7 +711,7 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "remote: renamed %s to %s",
 				item->string, buf.buf);
 		if (rename_ref(item->string, buf.buf, buf2.buf))
-			die("renaming '%s' failed", item->string);
+			die(_("renaming '%s' failed"), item->string);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
@@ -747,25 +730,11 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf3, "remote: renamed %s to %s",
 				item->string, buf.buf);
 		if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, buf3.buf))
-			die("creating '%s' failed", buf.buf);
+			die(_("creating '%s' failed"), buf.buf);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int remove_branches(struct string_list *branches)
-{
-	int i, result = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < branches->nr; i++) {
-		struct string_list_item *item = branches->items + i;
-		const char *refname = item->string;
-		unsigned char *sha1 = item->util;
-
-		if (delete_ref(refname, sha1, 0))
-			result |= error("Could not remove branch %s", refname);
-	}
-	return result;
-}
-
 static int rm(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	struct option options[] = {
@@ -788,16 +757,12 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_rm_usage, options);
 
 	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
-	if (!remote)
-		die("No such remote: %s", argv[1]);
+	if (!remote_is_configured(remote))
+		die(_("No such remote: %s"), argv[1]);
 
 	known_remotes.to_delete = remote;
 	for_each_remote(add_known_remote, &known_remotes);
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s", remote->name);
-	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 1)
-		return error("Could not remove config section '%s'", buf.buf);
-
 	read_branches();
 	for (i = 0; i < branch_list.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = branch_list.items + i;
@@ -808,10 +773,7 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv)
 				strbuf_reset(&buf);
 				strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.%s",
 						item->string, *k);
-				if (git_config_set(buf.buf, NULL)) {
-					strbuf_release(&buf);
-					return -1;
-				}
+				git_config_set(buf.buf, NULL);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -826,21 +788,28 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv)
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
 	if (!result)
-		result = remove_branches(&branches);
-	string_list_clear(&branches, 1);
+		result = delete_refs(&branches);
+	string_list_clear(&branches, 0);
 
 	if (skipped.nr) {
-		fprintf(stderr, skipped.nr == 1 ?
-			"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
-			"to delete it, use:\n" :
-			"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
-			"to delete them, use:\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+			      "to delete it, use:",
+			      "Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+			      "to delete them, use:",
+			      skipped.nr));
 		for (i = 0; i < skipped.nr; i++)
 			fprintf(stderr, "  git branch -d %s\n",
 				skipped.items[i].string);
 	}
 	string_list_clear(&skipped, 0);
 
+	if (!result) {
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s", remote->name);
+		if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 1)
+			return error(_("Could not remove config section '%s'"), buf.buf);
+	}
+
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -861,7 +830,7 @@ static void free_remote_ref_states(struct ref_states *states)
 }
 
 static int append_ref_to_tracked_list(const char *refname,
-	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+	const struct object_id *oid, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct ref_states *states = cb_data;
 	struct refspec refspec;
@@ -886,7 +855,7 @@ static int get_remote_ref_states(const char *name,
 
 	states->remote = remote_get(name);
 	if (!states->remote)
-		return error("No such remote: %s", name);
+		return error(_("No such remote: %s"), name);
 
 	read_branches();
 
@@ -905,7 +874,7 @@ static int get_remote_ref_states(const char *name,
 			get_push_ref_states(remote_refs, states);
 	} else {
 		for_each_ref(append_ref_to_tracked_list, states);
-		sort_string_list(&states->tracked);
+		string_list_sort(&states->tracked);
 		get_push_ref_states_noquery(states);
 	}
 
@@ -939,14 +908,14 @@ static int show_remote_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 		const char *fmt = "%s";
 		const char *arg = "";
 		if (string_list_has_string(&states->new, name)) {
-			fmt = " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)";
+			fmt = _(" new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)");
 			arg = states->remote->name;
 		} else if (string_list_has_string(&states->tracked, name))
-			arg = " tracked";
+			arg = _(" tracked");
 		else if (string_list_has_string(&states->stale, name))
-			arg = " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)";
+			arg = _(" stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)");
 		else
-			arg = " ???";
+			arg = _(" ???");
 		printf("    %-*s", info->width, name);
 		printf(fmt, arg);
 		printf("\n");
@@ -987,21 +956,23 @@ static int show_local_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 	int i;
 
 	if (branch_info->rebase && branch_info->merge.nr > 1) {
-		error("invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch",
+		error(_("invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"),
 			item->string);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	printf("    %-*s ", show_info->width, item->string);
 	if (branch_info->rebase) {
-		printf("rebases onto remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
+		printf_ln(_(branch_info->rebase == INTERACTIVE_REBASE ?
+			"rebases interactively onto remote %s" :
+			"rebases onto remote %s"), merge->items[0].string);
 		return 0;
 	} else if (show_info->any_rebase) {
-		printf(" merges with remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
-		also = "    and with remote";
+		printf_ln(_(" merges with remote %s"), merge->items[0].string);
+		also = _("    and with remote");
 	} else {
-		printf("merges with remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
-		also = "   and with remote";
+		printf_ln(_("merges with remote %s"), merge->items[0].string);
+		also = _("   and with remote");
 	}
 	for (i = 1; i < merge->nr; i++)
 		printf("    %-*s %s %s\n", show_info->width, "", also,
@@ -1043,44 +1014,109 @@ static int show_push_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct show_info *show_info = cb_data;
 	struct push_info *push_info = item->util;
-	char *src = item->string, *status = NULL;
+	const char *src = item->string, *status = NULL;
 
 	switch (push_info->status) {
 	case PUSH_STATUS_CREATE:
-		status = "create";
+		status = _("create");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_DELETE:
-		status = "delete";
-		src = "(none)";
+		status = _("delete");
+		src = _("(none)");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-		status = "up to date";
+		status = _("up to date");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_FASTFORWARD:
-		status = "fast-forwardable";
+		status = _("fast-forwardable");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_OUTOFDATE:
-		status = "local out of date";
+		status = _("local out of date");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED:
 		break;
 	}
-	if (status)
-		printf("    %-*s %s to %-*s (%s)\n", show_info->width, src,
-			push_info->forced ? "forces" : "pushes",
-			show_info->width2, push_info->dest, status);
-	else
-		printf("    %-*s %s to %s\n", show_info->width, src,
-			push_info->forced ? "forces" : "pushes",
-			push_info->dest);
+	if (status) {
+		if (push_info->forced)
+			printf_ln(_("    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"), show_info->width, src,
+			       show_info->width2, push_info->dest, status);
+		else
+			printf_ln(_("    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"), show_info->width, src,
+			       show_info->width2, push_info->dest, status);
+	} else {
+		if (push_info->forced)
+			printf_ln(_("    %-*s forces to %s"), show_info->width, src,
+			       push_info->dest);
+		else
+			printf_ln(_("    %-*s pushes to %s"), show_info->width, src,
+			       push_info->dest);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int get_one_entry(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = priv;
+	struct strbuf url_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char **url;
+	int i, url_nr;
+
+	if (remote->url_nr > 0) {
+		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (fetch)", remote->url[0]);
+		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
+				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
+	} else
+		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util = NULL;
+	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
+		url = remote->pushurl;
+		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
+	} else {
+		url = remote->url;
+		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++)
+	{
+		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (push)", url[i]);
+		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
+				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_all(void)
+{
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int result;
+
+	list.strdup_strings = 1;
+	result = for_each_remote(get_one_entry, &list);
+
+	if (!result) {
+		int i;
+
+		string_list_sort(&list);
+		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+			struct string_list_item *item = list.items + i;
+			if (verbose)
+				printf("%s\t%s\n", item->string,
+					item->util ? (const char *)item->util : "");
+			else {
+				if (i && !strcmp((item - 1)->string, item->string))
+					continue;
+				printf("%s\n", item->string);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&list, 1);
+	return result;
+}
+
 static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int no_query = 0, result = 0, query_flag = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &no_query, "do not query remotes"),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', NULL, &no_query, N_("do not query remotes")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct ref_states states;
@@ -1107,9 +1143,9 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 		get_remote_ref_states(*argv, &states, query_flag);
 
-		printf("* remote %s\n", *argv);
-		printf("  Fetch URL: %s\n", states.remote->url_nr > 0 ?
-			states.remote->url[0] : "(no URL)");
+		printf_ln(_("* remote %s"), *argv);
+		printf_ln(_("  Fetch URL: %s"), states.remote->url_nr > 0 ?
+		       states.remote->url[0] : _("(no URL)"));
 		if (states.remote->pushurl_nr) {
 			url = states.remote->pushurl;
 			url_nr = states.remote->pushurl_nr;
@@ -1118,18 +1154,20 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 			url_nr = states.remote->url_nr;
 		}
 		for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++)
-			printf("  Push  URL: %s\n", url[i]);
+			/* TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+			   the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation */
+			printf_ln(_("  Push  URL: %s"), url[i]);
 		if (!i)
-			printf("  Push  URL: %s\n", "(no URL)");
+			printf_ln(_("  Push  URL: %s"), "(no URL)");
 		if (no_query)
-			printf("  HEAD branch: (not queried)\n");
+			printf_ln(_("  HEAD branch: %s"), "(not queried)");
 		else if (!states.heads.nr)
-			printf("  HEAD branch: (unknown)\n");
+			printf_ln(_("  HEAD branch: %s"), "(unknown)");
 		else if (states.heads.nr == 1)
-			printf("  HEAD branch: %s\n", states.heads.items[0].string);
+			printf_ln(_("  HEAD branch: %s"), states.heads.items[0].string);
 		else {
-			printf("  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous,"
-			       " may be one of the following):\n");
+			printf(_("  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous,"
+				 " may be one of the following):\n"));
 			for (i = 0; i < states.heads.nr; i++)
 				printf("    %s\n", states.heads.items[i].string);
 		}
@@ -1140,9 +1178,10 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 		for_each_string_list(&states.tracked, add_remote_to_show_info, &info);
 		for_each_string_list(&states.stale, add_remote_to_show_info, &info);
 		if (info.list->nr)
-			printf("  Remote branch%s:%s\n",
-			       info.list->nr > 1 ? "es" : "",
-				no_query ? " (status not queried)" : "");
+			printf_ln(Q_("  Remote branch:%s",
+				     "  Remote branches:%s",
+				     info.list->nr),
+				  no_query ? _(" (status not queried)") : "");
 		for_each_string_list(info.list, show_remote_info_item, &info);
 		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
 
@@ -1151,23 +1190,25 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 		info.any_rebase = 0;
 		for_each_string_list(&branch_list, add_local_to_show_info, &info);
 		if (info.list->nr)
-			printf("  Local branch%s configured for 'git pull':\n",
-			       info.list->nr > 1 ? "es" : "");
+			printf_ln(Q_("  Local branch configured for 'git pull':",
+				     "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':",
+				     info.list->nr));
 		for_each_string_list(info.list, show_local_info_item, &info);
 		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
 
 		/* git push info */
 		if (states.remote->mirror)
-			printf("  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'\n");
+			printf_ln(_("  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"));
 
 		info.width = info.width2 = 0;
 		for_each_string_list(&states.push, add_push_to_show_info, &info);
 		qsort(info.list->items, info.list->nr,
 			sizeof(*info.list->items), cmp_string_with_push);
 		if (info.list->nr)
-			printf("  Local ref%s configured for 'git push'%s:\n",
-				info.list->nr > 1 ? "s" : "",
-				no_query ? " (status not queried)" : "");
+			printf_ln(Q_("  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:",
+				     "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:",
+				     info.list->nr),
+				  no_query ? _(" (status not queried)") : "");
 		for_each_string_list(info.list, show_push_info_item, &info);
 		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
 
@@ -1184,10 +1225,10 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 	char *head_name = NULL;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "auto", &opt_a,
-			    "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &opt_d,
-			    "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "auto", &opt_a,
+			 N_("set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &opt_d,
+			 N_("delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_sethead_usage,
@@ -1202,10 +1243,10 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 		memset(&states, 0, sizeof(states));
 		get_remote_ref_states(argv[0], &states, GET_HEAD_NAMES);
 		if (!states.heads.nr)
-			result |= error("Cannot determine remote HEAD");
+			result |= error(_("Cannot determine remote HEAD"));
 		else if (states.heads.nr > 1) {
-			result |= error("Multiple remote HEAD branches. "
-					"Please choose one explicitly with:");
+			result |= error(_("Multiple remote HEAD branches. "
+					  "Please choose one explicitly with:"));
 			for (i = 0; i < states.heads.nr; i++)
 				fprintf(stderr, "  git remote set-head %s %s\n",
 					argv[0], states.heads.items[i].string);
@@ -1214,7 +1255,7 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 		free_remote_ref_states(&states);
 	} else if (opt_d && !opt_a && argc == 1) {
 		if (delete_ref(buf.buf, NULL, REF_NODEREF))
-			result |= error("Could not delete %s", buf.buf);
+			result |= error(_("Could not delete %s"), buf.buf);
 	} else
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_sethead_usage, options);
 
@@ -1222,9 +1263,9 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/remotes/%s/%s", argv[0], head_name);
 		/* make sure it's valid */
 		if (!ref_exists(buf2.buf))
-			result |= error("Not a valid ref: %s", buf2.buf);
+			result |= error(_("Not a valid ref: %s"), buf2.buf);
 		else if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "remote set-head"))
-			result |= error("Could not setup %s", buf.buf);
+			result |= error(_("Could not setup %s"), buf.buf);
 		if (opt_a)
 			printf("%s/HEAD set to %s\n", argv[0], head_name);
 		free(head_name);
@@ -1235,11 +1276,60 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 	return result;
 }
 
+static int prune_remote(const char *remote, int dry_run)
+{
+	int result = 0;
+	struct ref_states states;
+	struct string_list refs_to_prune = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
+		? _(" %s will become dangling!")
+		: _(" %s has become dangling!");
+
+	memset(&states, 0, sizeof(states));
+	get_remote_ref_states(remote, &states, GET_REF_STATES);
+
+	if (!states.stale.nr) {
+		free_remote_ref_states(&states);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	printf_ln(_("Pruning %s"), remote);
+	printf_ln(_("URL: %s"),
+		  states.remote->url_nr
+		  ? states.remote->url[0]
+		  : _("(no URL)"));
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &states.stale)
+		string_list_append(&refs_to_prune, item->util);
+	string_list_sort(&refs_to_prune);
+
+	if (!dry_run)
+		result |= delete_refs(&refs_to_prune);
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &states.stale) {
+		const char *refname = item->util;
+
+		if (dry_run)
+			printf_ln(_(" * [would prune] %s"),
+			       abbrev_ref(refname, "refs/remotes/"));
+		else
+			printf_ln(_(" * [pruned] %s"),
+			       abbrev_ref(refname, "refs/remotes/"));
+	}
+
+	warn_dangling_symrefs(stdout, dangling_msg, &refs_to_prune);
+
+	string_list_clear(&refs_to_prune, 0);
+	free_remote_ref_states(&states);
+	return result;
+}
+
 static int prune(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int dry_run = 0, result = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, "dry run"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, N_("dry run")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1255,40 +1345,6 @@ static int prune(int argc, const char **argv)
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int prune_remote(const char *remote, int dry_run)
-{
-	int result = 0, i;
-	struct ref_states states;
-	const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
-		? " %s will become dangling!\n"
-		: " %s has become dangling!\n";
-
-	memset(&states, 0, sizeof(states));
-	get_remote_ref_states(remote, &states, GET_REF_STATES);
-
-	if (states.stale.nr) {
-		printf("Pruning %s\n", remote);
-		printf("URL: %s\n",
-		       states.remote->url_nr
-		       ? states.remote->url[0]
-		       : "(no URL)");
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < states.stale.nr; i++) {
-		const char *refname = states.stale.items[i].util;
-
-		if (!dry_run)
-			result |= delete_ref(refname, NULL, 0);
-
-		printf(" * [%s] %s\n", dry_run ? "would prune" : "pruned",
-		       abbrev_ref(refname, "refs/remotes/"));
-		warn_dangling_symref(stdout, dangling_msg, refname);
-	}
-
-	free_remote_ref_states(&states);
-	return result;
-}
-
 static int get_remote_default(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
 {
 	if (strcmp(key, "remotes.default") == 0) {
@@ -1300,64 +1356,60 @@ static int get_remote_default(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
 
 static int update(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	int i, prune = 0;
+	int i, prune = -1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-			    "prune remotes after fetching"),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+			 N_("prune remotes after fetching")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
-	const char **fetch_argv;
-	int fetch_argc = 0;
+	struct argv_array fetch_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	int default_defined = 0;
-
-	fetch_argv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc+5));
+	int retval;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_update_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 
-	fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "fetch";
+	argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "fetch");
 
-	if (prune)
-		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "--prune";
+	if (prune != -1)
+		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
 	if (verbose)
-		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "-v";
-	fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "--multiple";
+		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "-v");
+	argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "--multiple");
 	if (argc < 2)
-		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "default";
+		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "default");
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
-		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = argv[i];
+		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, argv[i]);
 
-	if (strcmp(fetch_argv[fetch_argc-1], "default") == 0) {
+	if (strcmp(fetch_argv.argv[fetch_argv.argc-1], "default") == 0) {
 		git_config(get_remote_default, &default_defined);
-		if (!default_defined)
-			fetch_argv[fetch_argc-1] = "--all";
+		if (!default_defined) {
+			argv_array_pop(&fetch_argv);
+			argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "--all");
+		}
 	}
 
-	fetch_argv[fetch_argc] = NULL;
-
-	return run_command_v_opt(fetch_argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	retval = run_command_v_opt(fetch_argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&fetch_argv);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 static int remove_all_fetch_refspecs(const char *remote, const char *key)
 {
-	return git_config_set_multivar(key, NULL, NULL, 1);
+	return git_config_set_multivar_gently(key, NULL, NULL, 1);
 }
 
-static int add_branches(struct remote *remote, const char **branches,
-			const char *key)
+static void add_branches(struct remote *remote, const char **branches,
+			 const char *key)
 {
 	const char *remotename = remote->name;
 	int mirror = remote->mirror;
 	struct strbuf refspec = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	for (; *branches; branches++)
-		if (add_branch(key, *branches, remotename, mirror, &refspec)) {
-			strbuf_release(&refspec);
-			return 1;
-		}
+		add_branch(key, *branches, remotename, mirror, &refspec);
 
 	strbuf_release(&refspec);
-	return 0;
 }
 
 static int set_remote_branches(const char *remotename, const char **branches,
@@ -1368,18 +1420,15 @@ static int set_remote_branches(const char *remotename, const char **branches,
 
 	strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", remotename);
 
-	if (!remote_is_configured(remotename))
-		die("No such remote '%s'", remotename);
 	remote = remote_get(remotename);
+	if (!remote_is_configured(remote))
+		die(_("No such remote '%s'"), remotename);
 
 	if (!add_mode && remove_all_fetch_refspecs(remotename, key.buf)) {
 		strbuf_release(&key);
 		return 1;
 	}
-	if (add_branches(remote, branches, key.buf)) {
-		strbuf_release(&key);
-		return 1;
-	}
+	add_branches(remote, branches, key.buf);
 
 	strbuf_release(&key);
 	return 0;
@@ -1389,14 +1438,14 @@ static int set_branches(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int add_mode = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode, "add branch"),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "add", &add_mode, N_("add branch")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options,
 			     builtin_remote_setbranches_usage, 0);
 	if (argc == 0) {
-		error("no remote specified");
+		error(_("no remote specified"));
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_setbranches_usage, options);
 	}
 	argv[argc] = NULL;
@@ -1404,6 +1453,57 @@ static int set_branches(int argc, const char **argv)
 	return set_remote_branches(argv[0], argv + 1, add_mode);
 }
 
+static int get_url(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i, push_mode = 0, all_mode = 0;
+	const char *remotename = NULL;
+	struct remote *remote;
+	const char **url;
+	int url_nr;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "push", &push_mode,
+			 N_("query push URLs rather than fetch URLs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "all", &all_mode,
+			 N_("return all URLs")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_geturl_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_geturl_usage, options);
+
+	remotename = argv[0];
+
+	remote = remote_get(remotename);
+	if (!remote_is_configured(remote))
+		die(_("No such remote '%s'"), remotename);
+
+	url_nr = 0;
+	if (push_mode) {
+		url = remote->pushurl;
+		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
+	}
+	/* else fetch mode */
+
+	/* Use the fetch URL when no push URLs were found or requested. */
+	if (!url_nr) {
+		url = remote->url;
+		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
+	}
+
+	if (!url_nr)
+		die(_("no URLs configured for remote '%s'"), remotename);
+
+	if (all_mode) {
+		for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++)
+			printf_ln("%s", url[i]);
+	} else {
+		printf_ln("%s", *url);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int i, push_mode = 0, add_mode = 0, delete_mode = 0;
@@ -1417,19 +1517,19 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 	int urlset_nr;
 	struct strbuf name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "push", &push_mode,
-			    "manipulate push URLs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode,
-			    "add URL"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
-			    "delete URLs"),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "push", &push_mode,
+			 N_("manipulate push URLs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "add", &add_mode,
+			 N_("add URL")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
+			    N_("delete URLs")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_seturl_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 
 	if (add_mode && delete_mode)
-		die("--add --delete doesn't make sense");
+		die(_("--add --delete doesn't make sense"));
 
 	if (argc < 3 || argc > 4 || ((add_mode || delete_mode) && argc != 3))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_seturl_usage, options);
@@ -1442,9 +1542,9 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 	if (delete_mode)
 		oldurl = newurl;
 
-	if (!remote_is_configured(remotename))
-		die("No such remote '%s'", remotename);
 	remote = remote_get(remotename);
+	if (!remote_is_configured(remote))
+		die(_("No such remote '%s'"), remotename);
 
 	if (push_mode) {
 		strbuf_addf(&name_buf, "remote.%s.pushurl", remotename);
@@ -1460,16 +1560,17 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 	if ((!oldurl && !delete_mode) || add_mode) {
 		if (add_mode)
 			git_config_set_multivar(name_buf.buf, newurl,
-				"^$", 0);
+						       "^$", 0);
 		else
 			git_config_set(name_buf.buf, newurl);
 		strbuf_release(&name_buf);
+
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* Old URL specified. Demand that one matches. */
 	if (regcomp(&old_regex, oldurl, REG_EXTENDED))
-		die("Invalid old URL pattern: %s", oldurl);
+		die(_("Invalid old URL pattern: %s"), oldurl);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < urlset_nr; i++)
 		if (!regexec(&old_regex, urlset[i], 0, NULL, 0))
@@ -1477,9 +1578,9 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 		else
 			negative_matches++;
 	if (!delete_mode && !matches)
-		die("No such URL found: %s", oldurl);
+		die(_("No such URL found: %s"), oldurl);
 	if (delete_mode && !negative_matches && !push_mode)
-		die("Will not delete all non-push URLs");
+		die(_("Will not delete all non-push URLs"));
 
 	regfree(&old_regex);
 
@@ -1490,68 +1591,10 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_one_entry(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
-{
-	struct string_list *list = priv;
-	struct strbuf url_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char **url;
-	int i, url_nr;
-
-	if (remote->url_nr > 0) {
-		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (fetch)", remote->url[0]);
-		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
-				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
-	} else
-		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util = NULL;
-	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
-		url = remote->pushurl;
-		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
-	} else {
-		url = remote->url;
-		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++)
-	{
-		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (push)", url[i]);
-		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
-				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int show_all(void)
-{
-	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	int result;
-
-	list.strdup_strings = 1;
-	result = for_each_remote(get_one_entry, &list);
-
-	if (!result) {
-		int i;
-
-		sort_string_list(&list);
-		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-			struct string_list_item *item = list.items + i;
-			if (verbose)
-				printf("%s\t%s\n", item->string,
-					item->util ? (const char *)item->util : "");
-			else {
-				if (i && !strcmp((item - 1)->string, item->string))
-					continue;
-				printf("%s\n", item->string);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	string_list_clear(&list, 1);
-	return result;
-}
-
 int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	int result;
@@ -1565,12 +1608,14 @@ int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		result = add(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rename"))
 		result = mv(argc, argv);
-	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rm"))
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rm") || !strcmp(argv[0], "remove"))
 		result = rm(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "set-head"))
 		result = set_head(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "set-branches"))
 		result = set_branches(argc, argv);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "get-url"))
+		result = get_url(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "set-url"))
 		result = set_url(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "show"))
@@ -1580,7 +1625,7 @@ int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "update"))
 		result = update(argc, argv);
 	else {
-		error("Unknown subcommand: %s", argv[0]);
+		error(_("Unknown subcommand: %s"), argv[0]);
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_usage, options);
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/repack.c b/builtin/repack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7b7409cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/repack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static int delta_base_offset = 1;
+static int pack_kept_objects = -1;
+static int write_bitmaps;
+static char *packdir, *packtmp;
+
+static const char *const git_repack_usage[] = {
+	N_("git repack [<options>]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int repack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset")) {
+		delta_base_offset = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "repack.packkeptobjects")) {
+		pack_kept_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "repack.writebitmaps") ||
+	    !strcmp(var, "pack.writebitmaps")) {
+		write_bitmaps = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove temporary $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/pack/.tmp-$$-pack-* files.
+ */
+static void remove_temporary_files(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t dirlen, prefixlen;
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+
+	dir = opendir(packdir);
+	if (!dir)
+		return;
+
+	/* Point at the slash at the end of ".../objects/pack/" */
+	dirlen = strlen(packdir) + 1;
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, packtmp);
+	/* Hold the length of  ".tmp-%d-pack-" */
+	prefixlen = buf.len - dirlen;
+
+	while ((e = readdir(dir))) {
+		if (strncmp(e->d_name, buf.buf + dirlen, prefixlen))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_setlen(&buf, dirlen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, e->d_name);
+		unlink(buf.buf);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void remove_pack_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_temporary_files();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds all packs hex strings to the fname list, which do not
+ * have a corresponding .keep file.
+ */
+static void get_non_kept_pack_filenames(struct string_list *fname_list)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	char *fname;
+
+	if (!(dir = opendir(packdir)))
+		return;
+
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		size_t len;
+		if (!strip_suffix(e->d_name, ".pack", &len))
+			continue;
+
+		fname = xmemdupz(e->d_name, len);
+
+		if (!file_exists(mkpath("%s/%s.keep", packdir, fname)))
+			string_list_append_nodup(fname_list, fname);
+		else
+			free(fname);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+static void remove_redundant_pack(const char *dir_name, const char *base_name)
+{
+	const char *exts[] = {".pack", ".idx", ".keep", ".bitmap"};
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t plen;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/%s", dir_name, base_name);
+	plen = buf.len;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); i++) {
+		strbuf_setlen(&buf, plen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, exts[i]);
+		unlink(buf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+#define ALL_INTO_ONE 1
+#define LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE 2
+
+int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct {
+		const char *name;
+		unsigned optional:1;
+	} exts[] = {
+		{".pack"},
+		{".idx"},
+		{".bitmap", 1},
+	};
+	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct string_list names = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list rollback = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list existing_packs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ext, ret, failed;
+	FILE *out;
+
+	/* variables to be filled by option parsing */
+	int pack_everything = 0;
+	int delete_redundant = 0;
+	const char *unpack_unreachable = NULL;
+	int keep_unreachable = 0;
+	const char *window = NULL, *window_memory = NULL;
+	const char *depth = NULL;
+	const char *max_pack_size = NULL;
+	int no_reuse_delta = 0, no_reuse_object = 0;
+	int no_update_server_info = 0;
+	int quiet = 0;
+	int local = 0;
+
+	struct option builtin_repack_options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('a', NULL, &pack_everything,
+				N_("pack everything in a single pack"), ALL_INTO_ONE),
+		OPT_BIT('A', NULL, &pack_everything,
+				N_("same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"),
+				   LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE | ALL_INTO_ONE),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &delete_redundant,
+				N_("remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed")),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', NULL, &no_reuse_delta,
+				N_("pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL('F', NULL, &no_reuse_object,
+				N_("pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', NULL, &no_update_server_info,
+				N_("do not run git-update-server-info")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("be quiet")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "local", &local,
+				N_("pass --local to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', "write-bitmap-index", &write_bitmaps,
+				N_("write bitmap index")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "unpack-unreachable", &unpack_unreachable, N_("approxidate"),
+				N_("with -A, do not loosen objects older than this")),
+		OPT_BOOL('k', "keep-unreachable", &keep_unreachable,
+				N_("with -a, repack unreachable objects")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "window", &window, N_("n"),
+				N_("size of the window used for delta compression")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "window-memory", &window_memory, N_("bytes"),
+				N_("same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("n"),
+				N_("limits the maximum delta depth")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "max-pack-size", &max_pack_size, N_("bytes"),
+				N_("maximum size of each packfile")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "pack-kept-objects", &pack_kept_objects,
+				N_("repack objects in packs marked with .keep")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(repack_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_repack_options,
+				git_repack_usage, 0);
+
+	if (delete_redundant && repository_format_precious_objects)
+		die(_("cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"));
+
+	if (keep_unreachable &&
+	    (unpack_unreachable || (pack_everything & LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE)))
+		die(_("--keep-unreachable and -A are incompatible"));
+
+	if (pack_kept_objects < 0)
+		pack_kept_objects = write_bitmaps;
+
+	packdir = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
+	packtmp = mkpathdup("%s/.tmp-%d-pack", packdir, (int)getpid());
+
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_pack_on_signal);
+
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "pack-objects");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--keep-true-parents");
+	if (!pack_kept_objects)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--honor-pack-keep");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--non-empty");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--all");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--reflog");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--indexed-objects");
+	if (window)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--window=%s", window);
+	if (window_memory)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--window-memory=%s", window_memory);
+	if (depth)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--depth=%s", depth);
+	if (max_pack_size)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--max-pack-size=%s", max_pack_size);
+	if (no_reuse_delta)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--no-reuse-delta");
+	if (no_reuse_object)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--no-reuse-object");
+	if (write_bitmaps)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--write-bitmap-index");
+
+	if (pack_everything & ALL_INTO_ONE) {
+		get_non_kept_pack_filenames(&existing_packs);
+
+		if (existing_packs.nr && delete_redundant) {
+			if (unpack_unreachable) {
+				argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args,
+						"--unpack-unreachable=%s",
+						unpack_unreachable);
+				argv_array_push(&cmd.env_array, "GIT_REF_PARANOIA=1");
+			} else if (pack_everything & LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE) {
+				argv_array_push(&cmd.args,
+						"--unpack-unreachable");
+			} else if (keep_unreachable) {
+				argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--keep-unreachable");
+				argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--pack-loose-unreachable");
+			} else {
+				argv_array_push(&cmd.env_array, "GIT_REF_PARANOIA=1");
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--unpacked");
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--incremental");
+	}
+
+	if (local)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args,  "--local");
+	if (quiet)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args,  "--quiet");
+	if (delta_base_offset)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args,  "--delta-base-offset");
+
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, packtmp);
+
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	cmd.out = -1;
+	cmd.no_stdin = 1;
+
+	ret = start_command(&cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	out = xfdopen(cmd.out, "r");
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, out) != EOF) {
+		if (line.len != 40)
+			die("repack: Expecting 40 character sha1 lines only from pack-objects.");
+		string_list_append(&names, line.buf);
+	}
+	fclose(out);
+	ret = finish_command(&cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!names.nr && !quiet)
+		printf("Nothing new to pack.\n");
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok we have prepared all new packfiles.
+	 * First see if there are packs of the same name and if so
+	 * if we can move them out of the way (this can happen if we
+	 * repacked immediately after packing fully.
+	 */
+	failed = 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); ext++) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/pack-%s%s", packdir,
+						item->string, exts[ext].name);
+			if (!file_exists(fname)) {
+				free(fname);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			fname_old = mkpathdup("%s/old-%s%s", packdir,
+						item->string, exts[ext].name);
+			if (file_exists(fname_old))
+				if (unlink(fname_old))
+					failed = 1;
+
+			if (!failed && rename(fname, fname_old)) {
+				free(fname);
+				free(fname_old);
+				failed = 1;
+				break;
+			} else {
+				string_list_append(&rollback, fname);
+				free(fname_old);
+			}
+		}
+		if (failed)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (failed) {
+		struct string_list rollback_failure = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &rollback) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/%s", packdir, item->string);
+			fname_old = mkpathdup("%s/old-%s", packdir, item->string);
+			if (rename(fname_old, fname))
+				string_list_append(&rollback_failure, fname);
+			free(fname);
+			free(fname_old);
+		}
+
+		if (rollback_failure.nr) {
+			int i;
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"WARNING: Some packs in use have been renamed by\n"
+				"WARNING: prefixing old- to their name, in order to\n"
+				"WARNING: replace them with the new version of the\n"
+				"WARNING: file.  But the operation failed, and the\n"
+				"WARNING: attempt to rename them back to their\n"
+				"WARNING: original names also failed.\n"
+				"WARNING: Please rename them in %s manually:\n", packdir);
+			for (i = 0; i < rollback_failure.nr; i++)
+				fprintf(stderr, "WARNING:   old-%s -> %s\n",
+					rollback_failure.items[i].string,
+					rollback_failure.items[i].string);
+		}
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Now the ones with the same name are out of the way... */
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); ext++) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			struct stat statbuffer;
+			int exists = 0;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/pack-%s%s",
+					packdir, item->string, exts[ext].name);
+			fname_old = mkpathdup("%s-%s%s",
+					packtmp, item->string, exts[ext].name);
+			if (!stat(fname_old, &statbuffer)) {
+				statbuffer.st_mode &= ~(S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH);
+				chmod(fname_old, statbuffer.st_mode);
+				exists = 1;
+			}
+			if (exists || !exts[ext].optional) {
+				if (rename(fname_old, fname))
+					die_errno(_("renaming '%s' failed"), fname_old);
+			}
+			free(fname);
+			free(fname_old);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Remove the "old-" files */
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); ext++) {
+			char *fname;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/old-%s%s",
+					  packdir,
+					  item->string,
+					  exts[ext].name);
+			if (remove_path(fname))
+				warning(_("removing '%s' failed"), fname);
+			free(fname);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* End of pack replacement. */
+
+	if (delete_redundant) {
+		int opts = 0;
+		string_list_sort(&names);
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &existing_packs) {
+			char *sha1;
+			size_t len = strlen(item->string);
+			if (len < 40)
+				continue;
+			sha1 = item->string + len - 40;
+			if (!string_list_has_string(&names, sha1))
+				remove_redundant_pack(packdir, item->string);
+		}
+		if (!quiet && isatty(2))
+			opts |= PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE;
+		prune_packed_objects(opts);
+	}
+
+	if (!no_update_server_info)
+		update_server_info(0);
+	remove_temporary_files();
+	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&rollback, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&existing_packs, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/replace.c b/builtin/replace.c
index 4a8970e9c9..b58c714cb8 100644
--- a/builtin/replace.c
+++ b/builtin/replace.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
  *
- * Based on builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ * Based on builtin/tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
  * and Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com> that was itself based on
  * git-tag.sh and mktag.c by Linus Torvalds.
  */
@@ -12,31 +12,77 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "tag.h"
 
 static const char * const git_replace_usage[] = {
-	"git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>",
-	"git replace -d <object>...",
-	"git replace -l [<pattern>]",
+	N_("git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"),
+	N_("git replace [-f] --edit <object>"),
+	N_("git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"),
+	N_("git replace -d <object>..."),
+	N_("git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+enum replace_format {
+	REPLACE_FORMAT_SHORT,
+	REPLACE_FORMAT_MEDIUM,
+	REPLACE_FORMAT_LONG
+};
+
+struct show_data {
+	const char *pattern;
+	enum replace_format format;
+};
+
+static int show_reference(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
 			  int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	const char *pattern = cb_data;
+	struct show_data *data = cb_data;
 
-	if (!fnmatch(pattern, refname, 0))
-		printf("%s\n", refname);
+	if (!wildmatch(data->pattern, refname, 0, NULL)) {
+		if (data->format == REPLACE_FORMAT_SHORT)
+			printf("%s\n", refname);
+		else if (data->format == REPLACE_FORMAT_MEDIUM)
+			printf("%s -> %s\n", refname, oid_to_hex(oid));
+		else { /* data->format == REPLACE_FORMAT_LONG */
+			struct object_id object;
+			enum object_type obj_type, repl_type;
+
+			if (get_sha1(refname, object.hash))
+				return error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", refname);
+
+			obj_type = sha1_object_info(object.hash, NULL);
+			repl_type = sha1_object_info(oid->hash, NULL);
+
+			printf("%s (%s) -> %s (%s)\n", refname, typename(obj_type),
+			       oid_to_hex(oid), typename(repl_type));
+		}
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int list_replace_refs(const char *pattern)
+static int list_replace_refs(const char *pattern, const char *format)
 {
+	struct show_data data;
+
 	if (pattern == NULL)
 		pattern = "*";
+	data.pattern = pattern;
 
-	for_each_replace_ref(show_reference, (void *) pattern);
+	if (format == NULL || *format == '\0' || !strcmp(format, "short"))
+		data.format = REPLACE_FORMAT_SHORT;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "medium"))
+		data.format = REPLACE_FORMAT_MEDIUM;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "long"))
+		data.format = REPLACE_FORMAT_LONG;
+	else
+		die("invalid replace format '%s'\n"
+		    "valid formats are 'short', 'medium' and 'long'\n",
+		    format);
+
+	for_each_replace_ref(show_reference, (void *)&data);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -46,24 +92,27 @@ typedef int (*each_replace_name_fn)(const char *name, const char *ref,
 
 static int for_each_replace_name(const char **argv, each_replace_name_fn fn)
 {
-	const char **p;
+	const char **p, *full_hex;
 	char ref[PATH_MAX];
 	int had_error = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	for (p = argv; *p; p++) {
-		if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/replace/%s", *p)
-					>= sizeof(ref)) {
-			error("replace ref name too long: %.*s...", 50, *p);
+		if (get_sha1(*p, sha1)) {
+			error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", *p);
 			had_error = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
+		full_hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+		snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "%s%s", git_replace_ref_base, full_hex);
+		/* read_ref() may reuse the buffer */
+		full_hex = ref + strlen(git_replace_ref_base);
 		if (read_ref(ref, sha1)) {
-			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", *p);
+			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", full_hex);
 			had_error = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (fn(*p, ref, sha1))
+		if (fn(full_hex, ref, sha1))
 			had_error = 1;
 	}
 	return had_error;
@@ -78,21 +127,15 @@ static int delete_replace_ref(const char *name, const char *ref,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref,
-			  int force)
+static void check_ref_valid(unsigned char object[20],
+			    unsigned char prev[20],
+			    char *ref,
+			    int ref_size,
+			    int force)
 {
-	unsigned char object[20], prev[20], repl[20];
-	char ref[PATH_MAX];
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-
-	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
-		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", object_ref);
-	if (get_sha1(replace_ref, repl))
-		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", replace_ref);
-
-	if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref),
-		     "refs/replace/%s",
-		     sha1_to_hex(object)) > sizeof(ref) - 1)
+	if (snprintf(ref, ref_size,
+		     "%s%s", git_replace_ref_base,
+		     sha1_to_hex(object)) > ref_size - 1)
 		die("replace ref name too long: %.*s...", 50, ref);
 	if (check_refname_format(ref, 0))
 		die("'%s' is not a valid ref name.", ref);
@@ -101,59 +144,356 @@ static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref,
 		hashclr(prev);
 	else if (!force)
 		die("replace ref '%s' already exists", ref);
+}
+
+static int replace_object_sha1(const char *object_ref,
+			       unsigned char object[20],
+			       const char *replace_ref,
+			       unsigned char repl[20],
+			       int force)
+{
+	unsigned char prev[20];
+	enum object_type obj_type, repl_type;
+	char ref[PATH_MAX];
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	obj_type = sha1_object_info(object, NULL);
+	repl_type = sha1_object_info(repl, NULL);
+	if (!force && obj_type != repl_type)
+		die("Objects must be of the same type.\n"
+		    "'%s' points to a replaced object of type '%s'\n"
+		    "while '%s' points to a replacement object of type '%s'.",
+		    object_ref, typename(obj_type),
+		    replace_ref, typename(repl_type));
 
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, prev, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		die("%s: cannot lock the ref", ref);
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, repl, NULL) < 0)
-		die("%s: cannot update the ref", ref);
+	check_ref_valid(object, prev, ref, sizeof(ref), force);
 
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref, repl, prev,
+				   0, NULL, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref, int force)
+{
+	unsigned char object[20], repl[20];
+
+	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
+		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", object_ref);
+	if (get_sha1(replace_ref, repl))
+		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", replace_ref);
+
+	return replace_object_sha1(object_ref, object, replace_ref, repl, force);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the contents of the object named by "sha1" to the file "filename".
+ * If "raw" is true, then the object's raw contents are printed according to
+ * "type". Otherwise, we pretty-print the contents for human editing.
+ */
+static void export_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
+			  int raw, const char *filename)
+{
+	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to open %s for writing", filename);
+
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--no-replace-objects");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "cat-file");
+	if (raw)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, typename(type));
+	else
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-p");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	cmd.out = fd;
+
+	if (run_command(&cmd))
+		die("cat-file reported failure");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a previously-exported (and possibly edited) object back from "filename",
+ * interpreting it as "type", and writing the result to the object database.
+ * The sha1 of the written object is returned via sha1.
+ */
+static void import_object(unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
+			  int raw, const char *filename)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to open %s for reading", filename);
+
+	if (!raw && type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		const char *argv[] = { "mktree", NULL };
+		struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+		struct strbuf result = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		cmd.argv = argv;
+		cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+		cmd.in = fd;
+		cmd.out = -1;
+
+		if (start_command(&cmd))
+			die("unable to spawn mktree");
+
+		if (strbuf_read(&result, cmd.out, 41) < 0)
+			die_errno("unable to read from mktree");
+		close(cmd.out);
+
+		if (finish_command(&cmd))
+			die("mktree reported failure");
+		if (get_sha1_hex(result.buf, sha1) < 0)
+			die("mktree did not return an object name");
+
+		strbuf_release(&result);
+	} else {
+		struct stat st;
+		int flags = HASH_FORMAT_CHECK | HASH_WRITE_OBJECT;
+
+		if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+			die_errno("unable to fstat %s", filename);
+		if (index_fd(sha1, fd, &st, type, NULL, flags) < 0)
+			die("unable to write object to database");
+		/* index_fd close()s fd for us */
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No need to close(fd) here; both run-command and index-fd
+	 * will have done it for us.
+	 */
+}
+
+static int edit_and_replace(const char *object_ref, int force, int raw)
+{
+	char *tmpfile = git_pathdup("REPLACE_EDITOBJ");
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned char old[20], new[20], prev[20];
+	char ref[PATH_MAX];
+
+	if (get_sha1(object_ref, old) < 0)
+		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'", object_ref);
+
+	type = sha1_object_info(old, NULL);
+	if (type < 0)
+		die("unable to get object type for %s", sha1_to_hex(old));
+
+	check_ref_valid(old, prev, ref, sizeof(ref), force);
+
+	export_object(old, type, raw, tmpfile);
+	if (launch_editor(tmpfile, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+		die("editing object file failed");
+	import_object(new, type, raw, tmpfile);
+
+	free(tmpfile);
+
+	if (!hashcmp(old, new))
+		return error("new object is the same as the old one: '%s'", sha1_to_hex(old));
+
+	return replace_object_sha1(object_ref, old, "replacement", new, force);
+}
+
+static void replace_parents(struct strbuf *buf, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf new_parents = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *parent_start, *parent_end;
+	int i;
+
+	/* find existing parents */
+	parent_start = buf->buf;
+	parent_start += 46; /* "tree " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
+	parent_end = parent_start;
+
+	while (starts_with(parent_end, "parent "))
+		parent_end += 48; /* "parent " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
+
+	/* prepare new parents */
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (get_sha1(argv[i], sha1) < 0)
+			die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"), argv[i]);
+		lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, argv[i]);
+		strbuf_addf(&new_parents, "parent %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	/* replace existing parents with new ones */
+	strbuf_splice(buf, parent_start - buf->buf, parent_end - parent_start,
+		      new_parents.buf, new_parents.len);
+
+	strbuf_release(&new_parents);
+}
+
+struct check_mergetag_data {
+	int argc;
+	const char **argv;
+};
+
+static void check_one_mergetag(struct commit *commit,
+			       struct commit_extra_header *extra,
+			       void *data)
+{
+	struct check_mergetag_data *mergetag_data = (struct check_mergetag_data *)data;
+	const char *ref = mergetag_data->argv[0];
+	unsigned char tag_sha1[20];
+	struct tag *tag;
+	int i;
+
+	hash_sha1_file(extra->value, extra->len, typename(OBJ_TAG), tag_sha1);
+	tag = lookup_tag(tag_sha1);
+	if (!tag)
+		die(_("bad mergetag in commit '%s'"), ref);
+	if (parse_tag_buffer(tag, extra->value, extra->len))
+		die(_("malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"), ref);
+
+	/* iterate over new parents */
+	for (i = 1; i < mergetag_data->argc; i++) {
+		struct object_id oid;
+		if (get_sha1(mergetag_data->argv[i], oid.hash) < 0)
+			die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"), mergetag_data->argv[i]);
+		if (!oidcmp(&tag->tagged->oid, &oid))
+			return; /* found */
+	}
+
+	die(_("original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; "
+	      "use --edit instead of --graft"), ref, sha1_to_hex(tag_sha1));
+}
+
+static void check_mergetags(struct commit *commit, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct check_mergetag_data mergetag_data;
+
+	mergetag_data.argc = argc;
+	mergetag_data.argv = argv;
+	for_each_mergetag(check_one_mergetag, commit, &mergetag_data);
+}
+
+static int create_graft(int argc, const char **argv, int force)
+{
+	unsigned char old[20], new[20];
+	const char *old_ref = argv[0];
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *buffer;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	if (get_sha1(old_ref, old) < 0)
+		die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"), old_ref);
+	commit = lookup_commit_or_die(old, old_ref);
+
+	buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, &size);
+	strbuf_add(&buf, buffer, size);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+
+	replace_parents(&buf, argc - 1, &argv[1]);
+
+	if (remove_signature(&buf)) {
+		warning(_("the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."), old_ref);
+		warning(_("the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"));
+	}
+
+	check_mergetags(commit, argc, argv);
+
+	if (write_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, commit_type, new))
+		die(_("could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"), old_ref);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	if (!hashcmp(old, new))
+		return error("new commit is the same as the old one: '%s'", sha1_to_hex(old));
+
+	return replace_object_sha1(old_ref, old, "replacement", new, force);
+}
+
 int cmd_replace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int list = 0, delete = 0, force = 0;
+	int force = 0;
+	int raw = 0;
+	const char *format = NULL;
+	enum {
+		MODE_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+		MODE_LIST,
+		MODE_DELETE,
+		MODE_EDIT,
+		MODE_GRAFT,
+		MODE_REPLACE
+	} cmdmode = MODE_UNSPECIFIED;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &list, "list replace refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "delete replace refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', NULL, &force, "replace the ref if it exists"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('l', "list", &cmdmode, N_("list replace refs"), MODE_LIST),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('d', "delete", &cmdmode, N_("delete replace refs"), MODE_DELETE),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('e', "edit", &cmdmode, N_("edit existing object"), MODE_EDIT),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('g', "graft", &cmdmode, N_("change a commit's parents"), MODE_GRAFT),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "force", &force, N_("replace the ref if it exists")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "raw", &raw, N_("do not pretty-print contents for --edit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, N_("format"), N_("use this format")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_replace_usage, 0);
 
-	if (list && delete)
-		usage_msg_opt("-l and -d cannot be used together",
+	if (!cmdmode)
+		cmdmode = argc ? MODE_REPLACE : MODE_LIST;
+
+	if (format && cmdmode != MODE_LIST)
+		usage_msg_opt("--format cannot be used when not listing",
+			      git_replace_usage, options);
+
+	if (force &&
+	    cmdmode != MODE_REPLACE &&
+	    cmdmode != MODE_EDIT &&
+	    cmdmode != MODE_GRAFT)
+		usage_msg_opt("-f only makes sense when writing a replacement",
 			      git_replace_usage, options);
 
-	if (force && (list || delete))
-		usage_msg_opt("-f cannot be used with -d or -l",
+	if (raw && cmdmode != MODE_EDIT)
+		usage_msg_opt("--raw only makes sense with --edit",
 			      git_replace_usage, options);
 
-	/* Delete refs */
-	if (delete) {
+	switch (cmdmode) {
+	case MODE_DELETE:
 		if (argc < 1)
 			usage_msg_opt("-d needs at least one argument",
 				      git_replace_usage, options);
 		return for_each_replace_name(argv, delete_replace_ref);
-	}
 
-	/* Replace object */
-	if (!list && argc) {
+	case MODE_REPLACE:
 		if (argc != 2)
 			usage_msg_opt("bad number of arguments",
 				      git_replace_usage, options);
 		return replace_object(argv[0], argv[1], force);
-	}
 
-	/* List refs, even if "list" is not set */
-	if (argc > 1)
-		usage_msg_opt("only one pattern can be given with -l",
-			      git_replace_usage, options);
-	if (force)
-		usage_msg_opt("-f needs some arguments",
-			      git_replace_usage, options);
+	case MODE_EDIT:
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage_msg_opt("-e needs exactly one argument",
+				      git_replace_usage, options);
+		return edit_and_replace(argv[0], force, raw);
+
+	case MODE_GRAFT:
+		if (argc < 1)
+			usage_msg_opt("-g needs at least one argument",
+				      git_replace_usage, options);
+		return create_graft(argc, argv, force);
 
-	return list_replace_refs(argv[0]);
+	case MODE_LIST:
+		if (argc > 1)
+			usage_msg_opt("only one pattern can be given with -l",
+				      git_replace_usage, options);
+		return list_replace_refs(argv[0], format);
+
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid cmdmode %d", (int)cmdmode);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/builtin/rerere.c b/builtin/rerere.c
index 08213c7c0b..1bf72423bf 100644
--- a/builtin/rerere.c
+++ b/builtin/rerere.c
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char * const rerere_usage[] = {
-	"git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]",
+	N_("git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"),
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -28,9 +29,10 @@ static int diff_two(const char *file1, const char *label1,
 	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 	xdemitcb_t ecb;
 	mmfile_t minus, plus;
+	int ret;
 
 	if (read_mmfile(&minus, file1) || read_mmfile(&plus, file2))
-		return 1;
+		return -1;
 
 	printf("--- a/%s\n+++ b/%s\n", label1, label2);
 	fflush(stdout);
@@ -39,26 +41,28 @@ static int diff_two(const char *file1, const char *label1,
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 	xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
 	ecb.outf = outf;
-	xdi_diff(&minus, &plus, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+	ret = xdi_diff(&minus, &plus, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
 
 	free(minus.ptr);
 	free(plus.ptr);
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct string_list merge_rr = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-	int i, fd, autoupdate = -1, flags = 0;
+	int i, autoupdate = -1, flags = 0;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "rerere-autoupdate", &autoupdate,
-			"register clean resolutions in index", 1),
+			N_("register clean resolutions in index"), 1),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, rerere_usage, 0);
 
+	git_config(git_xmerge_config, NULL);
+
 	if (autoupdate == 1)
 		flags = RERERE_AUTOUPDATE;
 	if (autoupdate == 0)
@@ -68,25 +72,24 @@ int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return rerere(flags);
 
 	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "forget")) {
-		const char **pathspec;
+		struct pathspec pathspec;
 		if (argc < 2)
 			warning("'git rerere forget' without paths is deprecated");
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1);
-		return rerere_forget(pathspec);
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+			       prefix, argv + 1);
+		return rerere_forget(&pathspec);
 	}
 
-	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		return 0;
-
 	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "clear")) {
 		rerere_clear(&merge_rr);
 	} else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "gc"))
 		rerere_gc(&merge_rr);
-	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "status"))
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "status")) {
+		if (setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags | RERERE_READONLY) < 0)
+			return 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < merge_rr.nr; i++)
 			printf("%s\n", merge_rr.items[i].string);
-	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "remaining")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "remaining")) {
 		rerere_remaining(&merge_rr);
 		for (i = 0; i < merge_rr.nr; i++) {
 			if (merge_rr.items[i].util != RERERE_RESOLVED)
@@ -96,13 +99,16 @@ int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				 * string_list_clear() */
 				merge_rr.items[i].util = NULL;
 		}
-	} else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "diff"))
+	} else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "diff")) {
+		if (setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags | RERERE_READONLY) < 0)
+			return 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < merge_rr.nr; i++) {
 			const char *path = merge_rr.items[i].string;
-			const char *name = (const char *)merge_rr.items[i].util;
-			diff_two(rerere_path(name, "preimage"), path, path, path);
+			const struct rerere_id *id = merge_rr.items[i].util;
+			if (diff_two(rerere_path(id, "preimage"), path, path, path))
+				die("unable to generate diff for %s", rerere_path(id, NULL));
 		}
-	else
+	} else
 		usage_with_options(rerere_usage, options);
 
 	string_list_clear(&merge_rr, 1);
diff --git a/builtin/reset.c b/builtin/reset.c
index 8c2c1d52a2..acd6278868 100644
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Linus Torvalds and Junio C Hamano
  */
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "commit.h"
@@ -22,9 +23,9 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 
 static const char * const git_reset_usage[] = {
-	"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]",
-	"git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>...",
-	"git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]",
+	N_("git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"),
+	N_("git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."),
+	N_("git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -35,17 +36,15 @@ static const char *reset_type_names[] = {
 
 static inline int is_merge(void)
 {
-	return !access(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), F_OK);
+	return !access(git_path_merge_head(), F_OK);
 }
 
-static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
+static int reset_index(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
 {
 	int nr = 1;
-	int newfd;
 	struct tree_desc desc[2];
 	struct tree *tree;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.head_idx = 1;
@@ -67,8 +66,6 @@ static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet
 		opts.reset = 1;
 	}
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-
 	read_cache_unmerged();
 
 	if (reset_type == KEEP) {
@@ -88,23 +85,21 @@ static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet
 
 	if (reset_type == MIXED || reset_type == HARD) {
 		tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
-		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, tree);
+		prime_cache_tree(&the_index, tree);
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock))
-		return error(_("Could not write new index file."));
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void print_new_head_line(struct commit *commit)
 {
 	const char *hex, *body;
+	const char *msg;
 
-	hex = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+	hex = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 	printf(_("HEAD is now at %s"), hex);
-	body = strstr(commit->buffer, "\n\n");
+	msg = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, get_log_output_encoding());
+	body = strstr(msg, "\n\n");
 	if (body) {
 		const char *eol;
 		size_t len;
@@ -115,92 +110,57 @@ static void print_new_head_line(struct commit *commit)
 	}
 	else
 		printf("\n");
-}
-
-static int update_index_refresh(int fd, struct lock_file *index_lock, int flags)
-{
-	int result;
-
-	if (!index_lock) {
-		index_lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-		fd = hold_locked_index(index_lock, 1);
-	}
-
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		return error(_("Could not read index"));
-
-	result = refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL,
-			       _("Unstaged changes after reset:")) ? 1 : 0;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			commit_locked_index(index_lock))
-		return error ("Could not refresh index");
-	return result;
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg);
 }
 
 static void update_index_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 		struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 {
 	int i;
-	int *discard_flag = data;
-
-	/* do_diff_cache() mangled the index */
-	discard_cache();
-	*discard_flag = 1;
-	read_cache();
+	int intent_to_add = *(int *)data;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filespec *one = q->queue[i]->one;
-		if (one->mode && !is_null_sha1(one->sha1)) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce;
-			ce = make_cache_entry(one->mode, one->sha1, one->path,
-				0, 0);
-			if (!ce)
-				die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"),
-				    one->path);
-			add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD |
-				ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
-		} else
-			remove_file_from_cache(one->path);
-	}
-}
-
-static int interactive_reset(const char *revision, const char **argv,
-			     const char *prefix)
-{
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+		int is_missing = !(one->mode && !is_null_sha1(one->sha1));
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
 
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		if (is_missing && !intent_to_add) {
+			remove_file_from_cache(one->path);
+			continue;
+		}
 
-	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=reset", pathspec);
+		ce = make_cache_entry(one->mode, one->sha1, one->path,
+				      0, 0);
+		if (!ce)
+			die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"),
+			    one->path);
+		if (is_missing) {
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_INTENT_TO_ADD;
+			set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(ce);
+		}
+		add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+	}
 }
 
-static int read_from_tree(const char *prefix, const char **argv,
-		unsigned char *tree_sha1, int refresh_flags)
+static int read_from_tree(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			  unsigned char *tree_sha1,
+			  int intent_to_add)
 {
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	int index_fd, index_was_discarded = 0;
 	struct diff_options opt;
 
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(get_pathspec(prefix, (const char **)argv), &opt);
+	copy_pathspec(&opt.pathspec, pathspec);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	opt.format_callback = update_index_from_diff;
-	opt.format_callback_data = &index_was_discarded;
+	opt.format_callback_data = &intent_to_add;
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-	index_was_discarded = 0;
-	read_cache();
 	if (do_diff_cache(tree_sha1, &opt))
 		return 1;
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	clear_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 
-	if (!index_was_discarded)
-		/* The index is still clobbered from do_diff_cache() */
-		discard_cache();
-	return update_index_refresh(index_fd, lock, refresh_flags);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void set_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb, const char *action,
@@ -219,158 +179,211 @@ static void set_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb, const char *action,
 
 static void die_if_unmerged_cache(int reset_type)
 {
-	if (is_merge() || read_cache() < 0 || unmerged_cache())
+	if (is_merge() || unmerged_cache())
 		die(_("Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."),
 		    _(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
 
 }
 
-int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+static void parse_args(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		       const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+		       int patch_mode,
+		       const char **rev_ret)
 {
-	int i = 0, reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
-	int patch_mode = 0;
 	const char *rev = "HEAD";
-	unsigned char sha1[20], *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
-				*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "be quiet, only report errors"),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
-						"reset HEAD and index", MIXED),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "soft", &reset_type, "reset only HEAD", SOFT),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "hard", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD, index and working tree", HARD),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "merge", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD, index and working tree", MERGE),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD but keep local changes", KEEP),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
-		OPT_END()
-	};
-
-	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
-
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
-						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
-
+	unsigned char unused[20];
 	/*
 	 * Possible arguments are:
 	 *
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> -- <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] -- <paths>...
+	 * git reset [-opts] [<rev>]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> -- [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] -- [<paths>...]
 	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
 	 *
-	 * At this point, argv[i] points immediately after [-opts].
+	 * At this point, argv points immediately after [-opts].
 	 */
 
-	if (i < argc) {
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
-			i++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
-		} else if (i + 1 < argc && !strcmp(argv[i+1], "--")) {
-			rev = argv[i];
-			i += 2;
+	if (argv[0]) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {
+			argv++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
+		} else if (argv[1] && !strcmp(argv[1], "--")) {
+			rev = argv[0];
+			argv += 2;
 		}
 		/*
-		 * Otherwise, argv[i] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
-		 * has to be unambiguous.
+		 * Otherwise, argv[0] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
+		 * has to be unambiguous. If there is a single argument, it
+		 * can not be a tree
 		 */
-		else if (!get_sha1(argv[i], sha1)) {
+		else if ((!argv[1] && !get_sha1_committish(argv[0], unused)) ||
+			 (argv[1] && !get_sha1_treeish(argv[0], unused))) {
 			/*
-			 * Ok, argv[i] looks like a rev; it should not
+			 * Ok, argv[0] looks like a commit/tree; it should not
 			 * be a filename.
 			 */
-			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
-			rev = argv[i++];
+			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[0]);
+			rev = *argv++;
 		} else {
 			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
-			verify_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[0], 1);
 		}
 	}
+	*rev_ret = rev;
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	parse_pathspec(pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP |
+		       (patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0),
+		       prefix, argv);
+}
+
+static int reset_refs(const char *rev, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int update_ref_status;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
+		*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
+
+	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
+		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
+	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
+		orig = sha1_orig;
+		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
+		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0,
+			   UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR);
+	} else if (old_orig)
+		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
+	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
+	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0,
+				       UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR);
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	return update_ref_status;
+}
 
-	if (get_sha1(rev, sha1))
-		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), rev);
+int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
+	int patch_mode = 0, unborn;
+	const char *rev;
+	struct object_id oid;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	int intent_to_add = 0;
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("be quiet, only report errors")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
+						N_("reset HEAD and index"), MIXED),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "soft", &reset_type, N_("reset only HEAD"), SOFT),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "hard", &reset_type,
+				N_("reset HEAD, index and working tree"), HARD),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "merge", &reset_type,
+				N_("reset HEAD, index and working tree"), MERGE),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep", &reset_type,
+				N_("reset HEAD but keep local changes"), KEEP),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add,
+				N_("record only the fact that removed paths will be added later")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
 
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit)
-		die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
-	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
+						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+	parse_args(&pathspec, argv, prefix, patch_mode, &rev);
+
+	unborn = !strcmp(rev, "HEAD") && get_sha1("HEAD", oid.hash);
+	if (unborn) {
+		/* reset on unborn branch: treat as reset to empty tree */
+		hashcpy(oid.hash, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+	} else if (!pathspec.nr) {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		if (get_sha1_committish(rev, oid.hash))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."), rev);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference(oid.hash);
+		if (!commit)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		oidcpy(&oid, &commit->object.oid);
+	} else {
+		struct tree *tree;
+		if (get_sha1_treeish(rev, oid.hash))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."), rev);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(oid.hash);
+		if (!tree)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		oidcpy(&oid, &tree->object.oid);
+	}
 
 	if (patch_mode) {
 		if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"));
-		return interactive_reset(rev, argv + i, prefix);
+		return run_add_interactive(rev, "--patch=reset", &pathspec);
 	}
 
 	/* git reset tree [--] paths... can be used to
 	 * load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
 	 * affecting the working tree nor HEAD. */
-	if (i < argc) {
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
 		if (reset_type == MIXED)
 			warning(_("--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."));
 		else if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("Cannot do %s reset with paths."),
 					_(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
-		return read_from_tree(prefix, argv + i, sha1,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
 	}
 	if (reset_type == NONE)
 		reset_type = MIXED; /* by default */
 
-	if (reset_type != SOFT && reset_type != MIXED)
+	if (reset_type != SOFT && (reset_type != MIXED || get_git_work_tree()))
 		setup_work_tree();
 
 	if (reset_type == MIXED && is_bare_repository())
 		die(_("%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"),
 		    _(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
 
+	if (intent_to_add && reset_type != MIXED)
+		die(_("-N can only be used with --mixed"));
+
 	/* Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
 	 * at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
 	 * the index file to the tree object we are switching to. */
-	if (reset_type == SOFT)
+	if (reset_type == SOFT || reset_type == KEEP)
 		die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-	else {
-		int err;
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-		err = reset_index_file(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			err = err || reset_index_file(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
-		if (err)
-			die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
-	}
 
-	/* Any resets update HEAD to the head being switched to,
-	 * saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
-	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
-		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
-	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
-		orig = sha1_orig;
-		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
-		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
-	}
-	else if (old_orig)
-		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
-	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
-	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	if (reset_type != SOFT) {
+		struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*lock));
+		hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+		if (reset_type == MIXED) {
+			int flags = quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN;
+			if (read_from_tree(&pathspec, oid.hash, intent_to_add))
+				return 1;
+			if (get_git_work_tree())
+				refresh_index(&the_index, flags, NULL, NULL,
+					      _("Unstaged changes after reset:"));
+		} else {
+			int err = reset_index(oid.hash, reset_type, quiet);
+			if (reset_type == KEEP && !err)
+				err = reset_index(oid.hash, MIXED, quiet);
+			if (err)
+				die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
+		}
 
-	switch (reset_type) {
-	case HARD:
-		if (!update_ref_status && !quiet)
-			print_new_head_line(commit);
-		break;
-	case SOFT: /* Nothing else to do. */
-		break;
-	case MIXED: /* Report what has not been updated. */
-		update_index_refresh(0, NULL,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
-		break;
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
+			die(_("Could not write new index file."));
 	}
 
-	remove_branch_state();
+	if (!pathspec.nr && !unborn) {
+		/* Any resets without paths update HEAD to the head being
+		 * switched to, saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
+		update_ref_status = reset_refs(rev, oid.hash);
 
-	strbuf_release(&msg);
+		if (reset_type == HARD && !update_ref_status && !quiet)
+			print_new_head_line(lookup_commit_reference(oid.hash));
+	}
+	if (!pathspec.nr)
+		remove_branch_state();
 
 	return update_ref_status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/rev-list.c b/builtin/rev-list.c
index ab3be7ca82..b82bcc3436 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-list.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-list.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-bitmap.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "graph.h"
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ static const char rev_list_usage[] =
 "    --abbrev=<n> | --no-abbrev\n"
 "    --abbrev-commit\n"
 "    --left-right\n"
+"    --count\n"
 "  special purpose:\n"
 "    --bisect\n"
 "    --bisect-vars\n"
@@ -52,6 +55,11 @@ static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 	struct rev_list_info *info = data;
 	struct rev_info *revs = info->revs;
 
+	if (info->flags & REV_LIST_QUIET) {
+		finish_commit(commit, data);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	graph_show_commit(revs->graph);
 
 	if (revs->count) {
@@ -73,14 +81,14 @@ static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 	if (!revs->graph)
 		fputs(get_revision_mark(revs, commit), stdout);
 	if (revs->abbrev_commit && revs->abbrev)
-		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, revs->abbrev),
+		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, revs->abbrev),
 		      stdout);
 	else
-		fputs(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), stdout);
+		fputs(oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid), stdout);
 	if (revs->print_parents) {
 		struct commit_list *parents = commit->parents;
 		while (parents) {
-			printf(" %s", sha1_to_hex(parents->item->object.sha1));
+			printf(" %s", oid_to_hex(&parents->item->object.oid));
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -89,7 +97,7 @@ static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 
 		children = lookup_decoration(&revs->children, &commit->object);
 		while (children) {
-			printf(" %s", sha1_to_hex(children->item->object.sha1));
+			printf(" %s", oid_to_hex(&children->item->object.oid));
 			children = children->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -99,12 +107,14 @@ static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 	else
 		putchar('\n');
 
-	if (revs->verbose_header && commit->buffer) {
+	if (revs->verbose_header && get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, NULL)) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
 		ctx.date_mode = revs->date_mode;
+		ctx.date_mode_explicit = revs->date_mode_explicit;
 		ctx.fmt = revs->commit_format;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &buf);
 		if (revs->graph) {
 			if (buf.len) {
@@ -164,89 +174,30 @@ static void finish_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
 		commit->parents = NULL;
 	}
-	free(commit->buffer);
-	commit->buffer = NULL;
+	free_commit_buffer(commit);
 }
 
-static void finish_object(struct object *obj,
-			  const struct name_path *path, const char *name,
-			  void *cb_data)
+static void finish_object(struct object *obj, const char *name, void *cb_data)
 {
-	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB && !has_sha1_file(obj->sha1))
-		die("missing blob object '%s'", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	struct rev_list_info *info = cb_data;
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB && !has_object_file(&obj->oid))
+		die("missing blob object '%s'", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
+	if (info->revs->verify_objects && !obj->parsed && obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		parse_object(obj->oid.hash);
 }
 
-static void show_object(struct object *obj,
-			const struct name_path *path, const char *component,
-			void *cb_data)
+static void show_object(struct object *obj, const char *name, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct rev_info *info = cb_data;
-
-	finish_object(obj, path, component, cb_data);
-	if (info->verify_objects && !obj->parsed && obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
-		parse_object(obj->sha1);
-	show_object_with_name(stdout, obj, path, component);
+	struct rev_list_info *info = cb_data;
+	finish_object(obj, name, cb_data);
+	if (info->flags & REV_LIST_QUIET)
+		return;
+	show_object_with_name(stdout, obj, name);
 }
 
 static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
 {
-	printf("-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-}
-
-static inline int log2i(int n)
-{
-	int log2 = 0;
-
-	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
-		log2++;
-
-	return log2;
-}
-
-static inline int exp2i(int n)
-{
-	return 1 << n;
-}
-
-/*
- * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
- *
- * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
- * n - 1 steps left looks like:
- *
- * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
- *
- * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
- */
-int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
-{
-	int n, x, e;
-
-	if (all < 3)
-		return 0;
-
-	n = log2i(all);
-	e = exp2i(n);
-	x = all - e;
-
-	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
-}
-
-void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
-		       const char *format_cur,
-		       const char *format_last)
-{
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
-		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
-		printf(format, sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
-	}
-}
-
-static void show_tried_revs(struct commit_list *tried)
-{
-	printf("bisect_tried='");
-	print_commit_list(tried, "%s|", "%s");
-	printf("'\n");
+	printf("-%s\n", oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 }
 
 static void print_var_str(const char *var, const char *val)
@@ -261,12 +212,12 @@ static void print_var_int(const char *var, int val)
 
 static int show_bisect_vars(struct rev_list_info *info, int reaches, int all)
 {
-	int cnt, flags = info->bisect_show_flags;
-	char hex[41] = "";
+	int cnt, flags = info->flags;
+	char hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1] = "";
 	struct commit_list *tried;
 	struct rev_info *revs = info->revs;
 
-	if (!revs->commits && !(flags & BISECT_SHOW_TRIED))
+	if (!revs->commits)
 		return 1;
 
 	revs->commits = filter_skipped(revs->commits, &tried,
@@ -287,16 +238,13 @@ static int show_bisect_vars(struct rev_list_info *info, int reaches, int all)
 		cnt = reaches;
 
 	if (revs->commits)
-		strcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(revs->commits->item->object.sha1));
+		sha1_to_hex_r(hex, revs->commits->item->object.oid.hash);
 
 	if (flags & BISECT_SHOW_ALL) {
 		traverse_commit_list(revs, show_commit, show_object, info);
 		printf("------\n");
 	}
 
-	if (flags & BISECT_SHOW_TRIED)
-		show_tried_revs(tried);
-
 	print_var_str("bisect_rev", hex);
 	print_var_int("bisect_nr", cnt - 1);
 	print_var_int("bisect_good", all - reaches - 1);
@@ -307,6 +255,18 @@ static int show_bisect_vars(struct rev_list_info *info, int reaches, int all)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int show_object_fast(
+	const unsigned char *sha1,
+	enum object_type type,
+	int exclude,
+	uint32_t name_hash,
+	struct packed_git *found_pack,
+	off_t found_offset)
+{
+	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	return 1;
+}
+
 int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
@@ -315,7 +275,7 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int bisect_list = 0;
 	int bisect_show_vars = 0;
 	int bisect_find_all = 0;
-	int quiet = 0;
+	int use_bitmap_index = 0;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
@@ -328,7 +288,8 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (revs.bisect)
 		bisect_list = 1;
 
-	quiet = DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, QUICK);
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, QUICK))
+		info.flags |= REV_LIST_QUIET;
 	for (i = 1 ; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
@@ -347,7 +308,7 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect-all")) {
 			bisect_list = 1;
 			bisect_find_all = 1;
-			info.bisect_show_flags = BISECT_SHOW_ALL;
+			info.flags |= BISECT_SHOW_ALL;
 			revs.show_decorations = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -356,6 +317,14 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			bisect_show_vars = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--use-bitmap-index")) {
+			use_bitmap_index = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--test-bitmap")) {
+			test_bitmap_walk(&revs);
+			return 0;
+		}
 		usage(rev_list_usage);
 
 	}
@@ -372,21 +341,44 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		revs.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_RAW;
 
 	if ((!revs.commits &&
-	     (!(revs.tag_objects||revs.tree_objects||revs.blob_objects) &&
+	     (!(revs.tag_objects || revs.tree_objects || revs.blob_objects) &&
 	      !revs.pending.nr)) ||
 	    revs.diff)
 		usage(rev_list_usage);
 
+	if (revs.show_notes)
+		die(_("rev-list does not support display of notes"));
+
 	save_commit_buffer = (revs.verbose_header ||
 			      revs.grep_filter.pattern_list ||
 			      revs.grep_filter.header_list);
 	if (bisect_list)
 		revs.limited = 1;
 
+	if (use_bitmap_index && !revs.prune) {
+		if (revs.count && !revs.left_right && !revs.cherry_mark) {
+			uint32_t commit_count;
+			int max_count = revs.max_count;
+			if (!prepare_bitmap_walk(&revs)) {
+				count_bitmap_commit_list(&commit_count, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+				if (max_count >= 0 && max_count < commit_count)
+					commit_count = max_count;
+				printf("%d\n", commit_count);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		} else if (revs.max_count < 0 &&
+			   revs.tag_objects && revs.tree_objects && revs.blob_objects) {
+			if (!prepare_bitmap_walk(&revs)) {
+				traverse_bitmap_commit_list(&show_object_fast);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	if (revs.tree_objects)
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, show_edge);
 
 	if (bisect_list) {
 		int reaches = reaches, all = all;
@@ -398,10 +390,7 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			return show_bisect_vars(&info, reaches, all);
 	}
 
-	traverse_commit_list(&revs,
-			     quiet ? finish_commit : show_commit,
-			     quiet ? finish_object : show_object,
-			     &info);
+	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, &info);
 
 	if (revs.count) {
 		if (revs.left_right && revs.cherry_mark)
diff --git a/builtin/rev-parse.c b/builtin/rev-parse.c
index 98d1cbecca..c961b74c5a 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-parse.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-parse.c
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
 
 #define DO_REVS		1
 #define DO_NOREV	2
@@ -30,6 +33,9 @@ static int abbrev_ref;
 static int abbrev_ref_strict;
 static int output_sq;
 
+static int stuck_long;
+static struct string_list *ref_excludes;
+
 /*
  * Some arguments are relevant "revision" arguments,
  * others are about output format or other details.
@@ -145,6 +151,7 @@ static void show_rev(int type, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name)
 				error("refname '%s' is ambiguous", name);
 				break;
 			}
+			free(full);
 		} else {
 			show_with_type(type, name);
 		}
@@ -183,15 +190,23 @@ static int show_default(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int show_reference(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, refname);
+	if (ref_excluded(ref_excludes, refname))
+		return 0;
+	show_rev(NORMAL, oid->hash, refname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int anti_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int anti_reference(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	show_rev(REVERSED, sha1, refname);
+	show_rev(REVERSED, oid->hash, refname);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data)
+{
+	show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, NULL);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -206,11 +221,17 @@ static void show_datestring(const char *flag, const char *datestr)
 	show(buffer);
 }
 
-static int show_file(const char *arg)
+static int show_file(const char *arg, int output_prefix)
 {
 	show_default();
 	if ((filter & (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) == (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) {
-		show(arg);
+		if (output_prefix) {
+			const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
+			show(prefix_filename(prefix,
+					     prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0,
+					     arg));
+		} else
+			show(arg);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -224,6 +245,7 @@ static int try_difference(const char *arg)
 	const char *next;
 	const char *this;
 	int symmetric;
+	static const char head_by_default[] = "HEAD";
 
 	if (!(dotdot = strstr(arg, "..")))
 		return 0;
@@ -235,10 +257,21 @@ static int try_difference(const char *arg)
 	next += symmetric;
 
 	if (!*next)
-		next = "HEAD";
+		next = head_by_default;
 	if (dotdot == arg)
-		this = "HEAD";
-	if (!get_sha1(this, sha1) && !get_sha1(next, end)) {
+		this = head_by_default;
+
+	if (this == head_by_default && next == head_by_default &&
+	    !symmetric) {
+		/*
+		 * Just ".."?  That is not a range but the
+		 * pathspec for the parent directory.
+		 */
+		*dotdot = '.';
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!get_sha1_committish(this, sha1) && !get_sha1_committish(next, end)) {
 		show_rev(NORMAL, end, next);
 		show_rev(symmetric ? NORMAL : REVERSED, sha1, this);
 		if (symmetric) {
@@ -246,15 +279,13 @@ static int try_difference(const char *arg)
 			struct commit *a, *b;
 			a = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 			b = lookup_commit_reference(end);
-			exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+			exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b);
 			while (exclude) {
-				struct commit_list *n = exclude->next;
-				show_rev(REVERSED,
-					 exclude->item->object.sha1,NULL);
-				free(exclude);
-				exclude = n;
+				struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&exclude);
+				show_rev(REVERSED, commit->object.oid.hash, NULL);
 			}
 		}
+		*dotdot = '.';
 		return 1;
 	}
 	*dotdot = '.';
@@ -278,16 +309,19 @@ static int try_parent_shorthands(const char *arg)
 		return 0;
 
 	*dotdot = 0;
-	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1)) {
+		*dotdot = '^';
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!parents_only)
 		show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, arg);
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	for (parents = commit->parents; parents; parents = parents->next)
 		show_rev(parents_only ? NORMAL : REVERSED,
-				parents->item->object.sha1, arg);
+				parents->item->object.oid.hash, arg);
 
+	*dotdot = '^';
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -296,12 +330,15 @@ static int parseopt_dump(const struct option *o, const char *arg, int unset)
 	struct strbuf *parsed = o->value;
 	if (unset)
 		strbuf_addf(parsed, " --no-%s", o->long_name);
-	else if (o->short_name)
+	else if (o->short_name && (o->long_name == NULL || !stuck_long))
 		strbuf_addf(parsed, " -%c", o->short_name);
 	else
 		strbuf_addf(parsed, " --%s", o->long_name);
 	if (arg) {
-		strbuf_addch(parsed, ' ');
+		if (!stuck_long)
+			strbuf_addch(parsed, ' ');
+		else if (o->long_name)
+			strbuf_addch(parsed, '=');
 		sq_quote_buf(parsed, arg);
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -318,17 +355,20 @@ static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	static int keep_dashdash = 0, stop_at_non_option = 0;
 	static char const * const parseopt_usage[] = {
-		"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]",
+		N_("git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"),
 		NULL
 	};
 	static struct option parseopt_opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
-					"keep the `--` passed as an arg"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
-					"stop parsing after the "
-					"first non-option argument"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
+					N_("keep the `--` passed as an arg")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
+					N_("stop parsing after the "
+					   "first non-option argument")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stuck-long", &stuck_long,
+					N_("output in stuck long form")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
+	static const char * const flag_chars = "*=?!";
 
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT, parsed = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char **usage = NULL;
@@ -343,7 +383,7 @@ static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	/* get the usage up to the first line with a -- on it */
 	for (;;) {
-		if (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+		if (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin) == EOF)
 			die("premature end of input");
 		ALLOC_GROW(usage, unb + 1, usz);
 		if (!strcmp("--", sb.buf)) {
@@ -355,9 +395,10 @@ static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage[unb++] = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 	}
 
-	/* parse: (<short>|<short>,<long>|<long>)[=?]? SP+ <help> */
-	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+	/* parse: (<short>|<short>,<long>|<long>)[*=?!]*<arghint>? SP+ <help> */
+	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin) != EOF) {
 		const char *s;
+		const char *help;
 		struct option *o;
 
 		if (!sb.len)
@@ -367,44 +408,56 @@ static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		memset(opts + onb, 0, sizeof(opts[onb]));
 
 		o = &opts[onb++];
-		s = strchr(sb.buf, ' ');
-		if (!s || *sb.buf == ' ') {
+		help = strchr(sb.buf, ' ');
+		if (!help || *sb.buf == ' ') {
 			o->type = OPTION_GROUP;
 			o->help = xstrdup(skipspaces(sb.buf));
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		o->type = OPTION_CALLBACK;
-		o->help = xstrdup(skipspaces(s));
+		o->help = xstrdup(skipspaces(help));
 		o->value = &parsed;
 		o->flags = PARSE_OPT_NOARG;
 		o->callback = &parseopt_dump;
-		while (s > sb.buf && strchr("*=?!", s[-1])) {
-			switch (*--s) {
+
+		/* name(s) */
+		s = strpbrk(sb.buf, flag_chars);
+		if (s == NULL)
+			s = help;
+
+		if (s - sb.buf == 1) /* short option only */
+			o->short_name = *sb.buf;
+		else if (sb.buf[1] != ',') /* long option only */
+			o->long_name = xmemdupz(sb.buf, s - sb.buf);
+		else {
+			o->short_name = *sb.buf;
+			o->long_name = xmemdupz(sb.buf + 2, s - sb.buf - 2);
+		}
+
+		/* flags */
+		while (s < help) {
+			switch (*s++) {
 			case '=':
 				o->flags &= ~PARSE_OPT_NOARG;
-				break;
+				continue;
 			case '?':
 				o->flags &= ~PARSE_OPT_NOARG;
 				o->flags |= PARSE_OPT_OPTARG;
-				break;
+				continue;
 			case '!':
 				o->flags |= PARSE_OPT_NONEG;
-				break;
+				continue;
 			case '*':
 				o->flags |= PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN;
-				break;
+				continue;
 			}
+			s--;
+			break;
 		}
 
-		if (s - sb.buf == 1) /* short option only */
-			o->short_name = *sb.buf;
-		else if (sb.buf[1] != ',') /* long option only */
-			o->long_name = xmemdupz(sb.buf, s - sb.buf);
-		else {
-			o->short_name = *sb.buf;
-			o->long_name = xmemdupz(sb.buf + 2, s - sb.buf - 2);
-		}
+		if (s < help)
+			o->argh = xmemdupz(s, help - s);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
@@ -443,17 +496,22 @@ static void die_no_single_rev(int quiet)
 }
 
 static const char builtin_rev_parse_usage[] =
-"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
-"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
-"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
-"\n"
-"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage.";
+N_("git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+   "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+   "   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+   "\n"
+   "Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage.");
 
 int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, as_is = 0, verify = 0, quiet = 0, revs_count = 0, type = 0;
+	int did_repo_setup = 0;
+	int has_dashdash = 0;
+	int output_prefix = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	const char *name = NULL;
+	struct object_context unused;
 
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("--parseopt", argv[1]))
 		return cmd_parseopt(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
@@ -461,32 +519,60 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("--sq-quote", argv[1]))
 		return cmd_sq_quote(argc - 2, argv + 2);
 
-	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("--local-env-vars", argv[1])) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; local_repo_env[i]; i++)
-			printf("%s\n", local_repo_env[i]);
-		return 0;
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("-h", argv[1]))
+		usage(builtin_rev_parse_usage);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			has_dashdash = 1;
+			break;
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (argc > 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--resolve-git-dir")) {
-		const char *gitdir = resolve_gitdir(argv[2]);
-		if (!gitdir)
-			die("not a gitdir '%s'", argv[2]);
-		puts(gitdir);
+	/* No options; just report on whether we're in a git repo or not. */
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		setup_git_directory();
+		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("-h", argv[1]))
-		usage(builtin_rev_parse_usage);
-
-	prefix = setup_git_directory();
-	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--local-env-vars")) {
+			int i;
+			for (i = 0; local_repo_env[i]; i++)
+				printf("%s\n", local_repo_env[i]);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--resolve-git-dir")) {
+			const char *gitdir = argv[++i];
+			if (!gitdir)
+				die("--resolve-git-dir requires an argument");
+			gitdir = resolve_gitdir(gitdir);
+			if (!gitdir)
+				die("not a gitdir '%s'", argv[i]);
+			puts(gitdir);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* The rest of the options require a git repository. */
+		if (!did_repo_setup) {
+			prefix = setup_git_directory();
+			git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+			did_repo_setup = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--git-path")) {
+			if (!argv[i + 1])
+				die("--git-path requires an argument");
+			puts(git_path("%s", argv[i + 1]));
+			i++;
+			continue;
+		}
 		if (as_is) {
-			if (show_file(arg) && as_is < 2)
-				verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+			if (show_file(arg, output_prefix) && as_is < 2)
+				verify_filename(prefix, arg, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg,"-n")) {
@@ -498,7 +584,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-n")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "-n")) {
 			if ((filter & DO_FLAGS) && (filter & DO_REVS))
 				show(arg);
 			continue;
@@ -509,12 +595,21 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				as_is = 2;
 				/* Pass on the "--" if we show anything but files.. */
 				if (filter & (DO_FLAGS | DO_REVS))
-					show_file(arg);
+					show_file(arg, 0);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--default")) {
-				def = argv[i+1];
-				i++;
+				def = argv[++i];
+				if (!def)
+					die("--default requires an argument");
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--prefix")) {
+				prefix = argv[++i];
+				if (!prefix)
+					die("--prefix requires an argument");
+				startup_info->prefix = prefix;
+				output_prefix = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--revs-only")) {
@@ -540,10 +635,11 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--quiet") || !strcmp(arg, "-q")) {
 				quiet = 1;
+				flags |= GET_SHA1_QUIETLY;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--short") ||
-			    !prefixcmp(arg, "--short=")) {
+			    starts_with(arg, "--short=")) {
 				filter &= ~(DO_FLAGS|DO_NOREV);
 				verify = 1;
 				abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
@@ -571,7 +667,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				symbolic = SHOW_SYMBOLIC_FULL;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev-ref") &&
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--abbrev-ref") &&
 			    (!arg[12] || arg[12] == '=')) {
 				abbrev_ref = 1;
 				abbrev_ref_strict = warn_ambiguous_refs;
@@ -589,40 +685,55 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				for_each_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--disambiguate=")) {
+				for_each_abbrev(arg + 15, show_abbrev, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
 				for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/bad", show_reference, NULL);
 				for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/good", anti_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--branches=")) {
 				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 11,
 					"refs/heads/", NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
 				for_each_branch_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--tags=")) {
 				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 7,
 					"refs/tags/", NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
 				for_each_tag_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--glob=")) {
 				for_each_glob_ref(show_reference, arg + 7, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--remotes=")) {
 				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 10,
 					"refs/remotes/", NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
 				for_each_remote_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--exclude=")) {
+				add_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes, arg + 10);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-toplevel")) {
@@ -634,6 +745,8 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-prefix")) {
 				if (prefix)
 					puts(prefix);
+				else
+					putchar('\n');
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-cdup")) {
@@ -657,7 +770,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--git-dir")) {
 				const char *gitdir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-				static char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+				char *cwd;
 				int len;
 				if (gitdir) {
 					puts(gitdir);
@@ -667,10 +780,15 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					puts(".git");
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (!getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX))
-					die_errno("unable to get current working directory");
+				cwd = xgetcwd();
 				len = strlen(cwd);
 				printf("%s%s.git\n", cwd, len && cwd[len-1] != '/' ? "/" : "");
+				free(cwd);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--git-common-dir")) {
+				const char *pfx = prefix ? prefix : "";
+				puts(prefix_filename(pfx, strlen(pfx), get_git_common_dir()));
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--is-inside-git-dir")) {
@@ -688,19 +806,28 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 						: "false");
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--since=")) {
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--shared-index-path")) {
+				if (read_cache() < 0)
+					die(_("Could not read the index"));
+				if (the_index.split_index) {
+					const unsigned char *sha1 = the_index.split_index->base_sha1;
+					puts(git_path("sharedindex.%s", sha1_to_hex(sha1)));
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--since=")) {
 				show_datestring("--max-age=", arg+8);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--after=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--after=")) {
 				show_datestring("--max-age=", arg+8);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--before=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--before=")) {
 				show_datestring("--min-age=", arg+9);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--until=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--until=")) {
 				show_datestring("--min-age=", arg+8);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -720,7 +847,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			name++;
 			type = REVERSED;
 		}
-		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+		if (!get_sha1_with_context(name, flags, sha1, &unused)) {
 			if (verify)
 				revs_count++;
 			else
@@ -729,10 +856,12 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 		if (verify)
 			die_no_single_rev(quiet);
+		if (has_dashdash)
+			die("bad revision '%s'", arg);
 		as_is = 1;
-		if (!show_file(arg))
+		if (!show_file(arg, output_prefix))
 			continue;
-		verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+		verify_filename(prefix, arg, 1);
 	}
 	if (verify) {
 		if (revs_count == 1) {
diff --git a/builtin/revert.c b/builtin/revert.c
index fce3f92981..56a2c36669 100644
--- a/builtin/revert.c
+++ b/builtin/revert.c
@@ -1,18 +1,9 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "object.h"
-#include "commit.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "run-command.h"
-#include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "utf8.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "rerere.h"
-#include "merge-recursive.h"
-#include "refs.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "sequencer.h"
 
@@ -28,60 +19,25 @@
  */
 
 static const char * const revert_usage[] = {
-	"git revert [options] <commit-ish>",
-	"git revert <subcommand>",
+	N_("git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."),
+	N_("git revert <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const cherry_pick_usage[] = {
-	"git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>",
-	"git cherry-pick <subcommand>",
+	N_("git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."),
+	N_("git cherry-pick <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-enum replay_action { REVERT, CHERRY_PICK };
-enum replay_subcommand {
-	REPLAY_NONE,
-	REPLAY_REMOVE_STATE,
-	REPLAY_CONTINUE,
-	REPLAY_ROLLBACK
-};
-
-struct replay_opts {
-	enum replay_action action;
-	enum replay_subcommand subcommand;
-
-	/* Boolean options */
-	int edit;
-	int record_origin;
-	int no_commit;
-	int signoff;
-	int allow_ff;
-	int allow_rerere_auto;
-
-	int mainline;
-
-	/* Merge strategy */
-	const char *strategy;
-	const char **xopts;
-	size_t xopts_nr, xopts_alloc;
-
-	/* Only used by REPLAY_NONE */
-	struct rev_info *revs;
-};
-
-#define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
-
 static const char *action_name(const struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-	return opts->action == REVERT ? "revert" : "cherry-pick";
+	return opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT ? "revert" : "cherry-pick";
 }
 
-static char *get_encoding(const char *message);
-
 static const char * const *revert_or_cherry_pick_usage(struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-	return opts->action == REVERT ? revert_usage : cherry_pick_usage;
+	return opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT ? revert_usage : cherry_pick_usage;
 }
 
 static int option_parse_x(const struct option *opt,
@@ -98,6 +54,7 @@ static int option_parse_x(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 static void verify_opt_compatible(const char *me, const char *base_opt, ...)
 {
 	const char *this_opt;
@@ -114,56 +71,41 @@ static void verify_opt_compatible(const char *me, const char *base_opt, ...)
 		die(_("%s: %s cannot be used with %s"), me, this_opt, base_opt);
 }
 
-static void verify_opt_mutually_compatible(const char *me, ...)
-{
-	const char *opt1, *opt2 = NULL;
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, me);
-	while ((opt1 = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
-		if (va_arg(ap, int))
-			break;
-	}
-	if (opt1) {
-		while ((opt2 = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
-			if (va_arg(ap, int))
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (opt1 && opt2)
-		die(_("%s: %s cannot be used with %s"),	me, opt1, opt2);
-}
-
 static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	const char * const * usage_str = revert_or_cherry_pick_usage(opts);
 	const char *me = action_name(opts);
-	int remove_state = 0;
-	int contin = 0;
-	int rollback = 0;
+	int cmd = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quit", &remove_state, "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "continue", &contin, "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &rollback, "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, "don't automatically commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &opts->edit, "edit the commit message"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "quit", &cmd, N_("end revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'q'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "continue", &cmd, N_("resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'c'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "abort", &cmd, N_("cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'a'),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, N_("don't automatically commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &opts->edit, N_("edit the commit message")),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG('r', NULL),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &opts->mainline, "parent number"),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &opts->mainline, N_("parent number")),
 		OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&opts->allow_rerere_auto),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "strategy", &opts->strategy, "strategy", "merge strategy"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &opts, "option",
-			"option for merge strategy", option_parse_x),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "strategy", &opts->strategy, N_("strategy"), N_("merge strategy")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &opts, N_("option"),
+			N_("option for merge strategy"), option_parse_x),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &opts->gpg_sign, N_("key-id"),
+		  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+		OPT_END(),
+		OPT_END(),
+		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
-	if (opts->action == CHERRY_PICK) {
+	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK) {
 		struct option cp_extra[] = {
-			OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, "append commit name"),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, "allow fast-forward"),
+			OPT_BOOL('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, N_("append commit name")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, N_("allow fast-forward")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &opts->allow_empty, N_("preserve initially empty commits")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &opts->allow_empty_message, N_("allow commits with empty messages")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-redundant-commits", &opts->keep_redundant_commits, N_("keep redundant, empty commits")),
 			OPT_END(),
 		};
 		if (parse_options_concat(options, ARRAY_SIZE(options), cp_extra))
@@ -174,19 +116,16 @@ static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 |
 			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN);
 
-	/* Check for incompatible subcommands */
-	verify_opt_mutually_compatible(me,
-				"--quit", remove_state,
-				"--continue", contin,
-				"--abort", rollback,
-				NULL);
+	/* implies allow_empty */
+	if (opts->keep_redundant_commits)
+		opts->allow_empty = 1;
 
 	/* Set the subcommand */
-	if (remove_state)
+	if (cmd == 'q')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_REMOVE_STATE;
-	else if (contin)
+	else if (cmd == 'c')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_CONTINUE;
-	else if (rollback)
+	else if (cmd == 'a')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_ROLLBACK;
 	else
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_NONE;
@@ -225,912 +164,23 @@ static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 	if (opts->subcommand != REPLAY_NONE) {
 		opts->revs = NULL;
 	} else {
+		struct setup_revision_opt s_r_opt;
 		opts->revs = xmalloc(sizeof(*opts->revs));
 		init_revisions(opts->revs, NULL);
-		opts->revs->no_walk = 1;
+		opts->revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED;
 		if (argc < 2)
 			usage_with_options(usage_str, options);
-		argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, opts->revs, NULL);
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-"))
+			argv[1] = "@{-1}";
+		memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
+		s_r_opt.assume_dashdash = 1;
+		argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, opts->revs, &s_r_opt);
 	}
 
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage_with_options(usage_str, options);
 }
 
-struct commit_message {
-	char *parent_label;
-	const char *label;
-	const char *subject;
-	char *reencoded_message;
-	const char *message;
-};
-
-static int get_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *out)
-{
-	const char *encoding;
-	const char *abbrev, *subject;
-	int abbrev_len, subject_len;
-	char *q;
-
-	if (!commit->buffer)
-		return -1;
-	encoding = get_encoding(commit->buffer);
-	if (!encoding)
-		encoding = "UTF-8";
-	if (!git_commit_encoding)
-		git_commit_encoding = "UTF-8";
-
-	out->reencoded_message = NULL;
-	out->message = commit->buffer;
-	if (strcmp(encoding, git_commit_encoding))
-		out->reencoded_message = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
-					git_commit_encoding, encoding);
-	if (out->reencoded_message)
-		out->message = out->reencoded_message;
-
-	abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
-	abbrev_len = strlen(abbrev);
-
-	subject_len = find_commit_subject(out->message, &subject);
-
-	out->parent_label = xmalloc(strlen("parent of ") + abbrev_len +
-			      strlen("... ") + subject_len + 1);
-	q = out->parent_label;
-	q = mempcpy(q, "parent of ", strlen("parent of "));
-	out->label = q;
-	q = mempcpy(q, abbrev, abbrev_len);
-	q = mempcpy(q, "... ", strlen("... "));
-	out->subject = q;
-	q = mempcpy(q, subject, subject_len);
-	*q = '\0';
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void free_message(struct commit_message *msg)
-{
-	free(msg->parent_label);
-	free(msg->reencoded_message);
-}
-
-static char *get_encoding(const char *message)
-{
-	const char *p = message, *eol;
-
-	while (*p && *p != '\n') {
-		for (eol = p + 1; *eol && *eol != '\n'; eol++)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		if (!prefixcmp(p, "encoding ")) {
-			char *result = xmalloc(eol - 8 - p);
-			strlcpy(result, p + 9, eol - 8 - p);
-			return result;
-		}
-		p = eol;
-		if (*p == '\n')
-			p++;
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static void write_cherry_pick_head(struct commit *commit, const char *pseudoref)
-{
-	const char *filename;
-	int fd;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-
-	filename = git_path("%s", pseudoref);
-	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
-	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len || close(fd))
-		die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-}
-
-static void print_advice(int show_hint)
-{
-	char *msg = getenv("GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP");
-
-	if (msg) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
-		/*
-		 * A conflict has occured but the porcelain
-		 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
-		 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
-		 */
-		unlink(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (show_hint) {
-		advise("after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths");
-		advise("with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'");
-		advise("and commit the result with 'git commit'");
-	}
-}
-
-static void write_message(struct strbuf *msgbuf, const char *filename)
-{
-	static struct lock_file msg_file;
-
-	int msg_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&msg_file, filename,
-					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-	if (write_in_full(msg_fd, msgbuf->buf, msgbuf->len) < 0)
-		die_errno(_("Could not write to %s"), filename);
-	strbuf_release(msgbuf);
-	if (commit_lock_file(&msg_file) < 0)
-		die(_("Error wrapping up %s"), filename);
-}
-
-static struct tree *empty_tree(void)
-{
-	return lookup_tree((const unsigned char *)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
-}
-
-static int error_dirty_index(struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	if (read_cache_unmerged())
-		return error_resolve_conflict(action_name(opts));
-
-	/* Different translation strings for cherry-pick and revert */
-	if (opts->action == CHERRY_PICK)
-		error(_("Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."));
-	else
-		error(_("Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."));
-
-	if (advice_commit_before_merge)
-		advise(_("Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."));
-	return -1;
-}
-
-static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from)
-{
-	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
-
-	read_cache();
-	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to))
-		exit(1); /* the callee should have complained already */
-	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD", from, 0);
-	return write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, to, "cherry-pick");
-}
-
-static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
-			      const char *base_label, const char *next_label,
-			      unsigned char *head, struct strbuf *msgbuf,
-			      struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	struct merge_options o;
-	struct tree *result, *next_tree, *base_tree, *head_tree;
-	int clean, index_fd;
-	const char **xopt;
-	static struct lock_file index_lock;
-
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
-
-	read_cache();
-
-	init_merge_options(&o);
-	o.ancestor = base ? base_label : "(empty tree)";
-	o.branch1 = "HEAD";
-	o.branch2 = next ? next_label : "(empty tree)";
-
-	head_tree = parse_tree_indirect(head);
-	next_tree = next ? next->tree : empty_tree();
-	base_tree = base ? base->tree : empty_tree();
-
-	for (xopt = opts->xopts; xopt != opts->xopts + opts->xopts_nr; xopt++)
-		parse_merge_opt(&o, *xopt);
-
-	clean = merge_trees(&o,
-			    head_tree,
-			    next_tree, base_tree, &result);
-
-	if (active_cache_changed &&
-	    (write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	     commit_locked_index(&index_lock)))
-		/* TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick" */
-		die(_("%s: Unable to write new index file"), action_name(opts));
-	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
-
-	if (!clean) {
-		int i;
-		strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, "\nConflicts:\n\n");
-		for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
-			if (ce_stage(ce)) {
-				strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\t');
-				strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, ce->name);
-				strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\n');
-				while (i < active_nr && !strcmp(ce->name,
-						active_cache[i]->name))
-					i++;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return !clean;
-}
-
-/*
- * If we are cherry-pick, and if the merge did not result in
- * hand-editing, we will hit this commit and inherit the original
- * author date and name.
- * If we are revert, or if our cherry-pick results in a hand merge,
- * we had better say that the current user is responsible for that.
- */
-static int run_git_commit(const char *defmsg, struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	/* 6 is max possible length of our args array including NULL */
-	const char *args[6];
-	int i = 0;
-
-	args[i++] = "commit";
-	args[i++] = "-n";
-	if (opts->signoff)
-		args[i++] = "-s";
-	if (!opts->edit) {
-		args[i++] = "-F";
-		args[i++] = defmsg;
-	}
-	args[i] = NULL;
-
-	return run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-}
-
-static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	unsigned char head[20];
-	struct commit *base, *next, *parent;
-	const char *base_label, *next_label;
-	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
-	char *defmsg = NULL;
-	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int res;
-
-	if (opts->no_commit) {
-		/*
-		 * We do not intend to commit immediately.  We just want to
-		 * merge the differences in, so let's compute the tree
-		 * that represents the "current" state for merge-recursive
-		 * to work on.
-		 */
-		if (write_cache_as_tree(head, 0, NULL))
-			die (_("Your index file is unmerged."));
-	} else {
-		if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
-			return error(_("You do not have a valid HEAD"));
-		if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0))
-			return error_dirty_index(opts);
-	}
-	discard_cache();
-
-	if (!commit->parents) {
-		parent = NULL;
-	}
-	else if (commit->parents->next) {
-		/* Reverting or cherry-picking a merge commit */
-		int cnt;
-		struct commit_list *p;
-
-		if (!opts->mainline)
-			return error(_("Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."),
-				sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-
-		for (cnt = 1, p = commit->parents;
-		     cnt != opts->mainline && p;
-		     cnt++)
-			p = p->next;
-		if (cnt != opts->mainline || !p)
-			return error(_("Commit %s does not have parent %d"),
-				sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), opts->mainline);
-		parent = p->item;
-	} else if (0 < opts->mainline)
-		return error(_("Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."),
-			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	else
-		parent = commit->parents->item;
-
-	if (opts->allow_ff && parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head))
-		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head);
-
-	if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
-		/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
-		   "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1 */
-		return error(_("%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"),
-			action_name(opts), sha1_to_hex(parent->object.sha1));
-
-	if (get_message(commit, &msg) != 0)
-		return error(_("Cannot get commit message for %s"),
-			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-
-	/*
-	 * "commit" is an existing commit.  We would want to apply
-	 * the difference it introduces since its first parent "prev"
-	 * on top of the current HEAD if we are cherry-pick.  Or the
-	 * reverse of it if we are revert.
-	 */
-
-	defmsg = git_pathdup("MERGE_MSG");
-
-	if (opts->action == REVERT) {
-		base = commit;
-		base_label = msg.label;
-		next = parent;
-		next_label = msg.parent_label;
-		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "Revert \"");
-		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, msg.subject);
-		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "\"\n\nThis reverts commit ");
-		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ", reversing\nchanges made to ");
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, sha1_to_hex(parent->object.sha1));
-		}
-		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ".\n");
-	} else {
-		const char *p;
-
-		base = parent;
-		base_label = msg.parent_label;
-		next = commit;
-		next_label = msg.label;
-
-		/*
-		 * Append the commit log message to msgbuf; it starts
-		 * after the tree, parent, author, committer
-		 * information followed by "\n\n".
-		 */
-		p = strstr(msg.message, "\n\n");
-		if (p) {
-			p += 2;
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, p);
-		}
-
-		if (opts->record_origin) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "(cherry picked from commit ");
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "recursive") || opts->action == REVERT) {
-		res = do_recursive_merge(base, next, base_label, next_label,
-					 head, &msgbuf, opts);
-		write_message(&msgbuf, defmsg);
-	} else {
-		struct commit_list *common = NULL;
-		struct commit_list *remotes = NULL;
-
-		write_message(&msgbuf, defmsg);
-
-		commit_list_insert(base, &common);
-		commit_list_insert(next, &remotes);
-		res = try_merge_command(opts->strategy, opts->xopts_nr, opts->xopts,
-					common, sha1_to_hex(head), remotes);
-		free_commit_list(common);
-		free_commit_list(remotes);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * If the merge was clean or if it failed due to conflict, we write
-	 * CHERRY_PICK_HEAD for the subsequent invocation of commit to use.
-	 * However, if the merge did not even start, then we don't want to
-	 * write it at all.
-	 */
-	if (opts->action == CHERRY_PICK && !opts->no_commit && (res == 0 || res == 1))
-		write_cherry_pick_head(commit, "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD");
-	if (opts->action == REVERT && ((opts->no_commit && res == 0) || res == 1))
-		write_cherry_pick_head(commit, "REVERT_HEAD");
-
-	if (res) {
-		error(opts->action == REVERT
-		      ? _("could not revert %s... %s")
-		      : _("could not apply %s... %s"),
-		      find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV),
-		      msg.subject);
-		print_advice(res == 1);
-		rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
-	} else {
-		if (!opts->no_commit)
-			res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts);
-	}
-
-	free_message(&msg);
-	free(defmsg);
-
-	return res;
-}
-
-static void prepare_revs(struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	if (opts->action != REVERT)
-		opts->revs->reverse ^= 1;
-
-	if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
-		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
-
-	if (!opts->revs->commits)
-		die(_("empty commit set passed"));
-}
-
-static void read_and_refresh_cache(struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	static struct lock_file index_lock;
-	int index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
-	if (read_index_preload(&the_index, NULL) < 0)
-		die(_("git %s: failed to read the index"), action_name(opts));
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-	if (the_index.cache_changed) {
-		if (write_index(&the_index, index_fd) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
-			die(_("git %s: failed to refresh the index"), action_name(opts));
-	}
-	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
-}
-
-/*
- * Append a commit to the end of the commit_list.
- *
- * next starts by pointing to the variable that holds the head of an
- * empty commit_list, and is updated to point to the "next" field of
- * the last item on the list as new commits are appended.
- *
- * Usage example:
- *
- *     struct commit_list *list;
- *     struct commit_list **next = &list;
- *
- *     next = commit_list_append(c1, next);
- *     next = commit_list_append(c2, next);
- *     assert(commit_list_count(list) == 2);
- *     return list;
- */
-static struct commit_list **commit_list_append(struct commit *commit,
-					       struct commit_list **next)
-{
-	struct commit_list *new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
-	new->item = commit;
-	*next = new;
-	new->next = NULL;
-	return &new->next;
-}
-
-static int format_todo(struct strbuf *buf, struct commit_list *todo_list,
-		struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	struct commit_list *cur = NULL;
-	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
-	const char *sha1_abbrev = NULL;
-	const char *action_str = opts->action == REVERT ? "revert" : "pick";
-
-	for (cur = todo_list; cur; cur = cur->next) {
-		sha1_abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(cur->item->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
-		if (get_message(cur->item, &msg))
-			return error(_("Cannot get commit message for %s"), sha1_abbrev);
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s %s %s\n", action_str, sha1_abbrev, msg.subject);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static struct commit *parse_insn_line(char *start, struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
-	char sha1_abbrev[40];
-	enum replay_action action;
-	int insn_len = 0;
-	char *p, *q;
-
-	if (!prefixcmp(start, "pick ")) {
-		action = CHERRY_PICK;
-		insn_len = strlen("pick");
-		p = start + insn_len + 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(start, "revert ")) {
-		action = REVERT;
-		insn_len = strlen("revert");
-		p = start + insn_len + 1;
-	} else
-		return NULL;
-
-	q = strchr(p, ' ');
-	if (!q)
-		return NULL;
-	q++;
-
-	strlcpy(sha1_abbrev, p, q - p);
-
-	/*
-	 * Verify that the action matches up with the one in
-	 * opts; we don't support arbitrary instructions
-	 */
-	if (action != opts->action) {
-		const char *action_str;
-		action_str = action == REVERT ? "revert" : "cherry-pick";
-		error(_("Cannot %s during a %s"), action_str, action_name(opts));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (get_sha1(sha1_abbrev, commit_sha1) < 0)
-		return NULL;
-
-	return lookup_commit_reference(commit_sha1);
-}
-
-static int parse_insn_buffer(char *buf, struct commit_list **todo_list,
-			struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	struct commit_list **next = todo_list;
-	struct commit *commit;
-	char *p = buf;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 1; *p; i++) {
-		commit = parse_insn_line(p, opts);
-		if (!commit)
-			return error(_("Could not parse line %d."), i);
-		next = commit_list_append(commit, next);
-		p = strchrnul(p, '\n');
-		if (*p)
-			p++;
-	}
-	if (!*todo_list)
-		return error(_("No commits parsed."));
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void read_populate_todo(struct commit_list **todo_list,
-			struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	const char *todo_file = git_path(SEQ_TODO_FILE);
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int fd, res;
-
-	fd = open(todo_file, O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		die_errno(_("Could not open %s"), todo_file);
-	if (strbuf_read(&buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
-		close(fd);
-		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		die(_("Could not read %s."), todo_file);
-	}
-	close(fd);
-
-	res = parse_insn_buffer(buf.buf, todo_list, opts);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (res)
-		die(_("Unusable instruction sheet: %s"), todo_file);
-}
-
-static int populate_opts_cb(const char *key, const char *value, void *data)
-{
-	struct replay_opts *opts = data;
-	int error_flag = 1;
-
-	if (!value)
-		error_flag = 0;
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.no-commit"))
-		opts->no_commit = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.edit"))
-		opts->edit = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.signoff"))
-		opts->signoff = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.record-origin"))
-		opts->record_origin = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.allow-ff"))
-		opts->allow_ff = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.mainline"))
-		opts->mainline = git_config_int(key, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy"))
-		git_config_string(&opts->strategy, key, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy-option")) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(opts->xopts, opts->xopts_nr + 1, opts->xopts_alloc);
-		opts->xopts[opts->xopts_nr++] = xstrdup(value);
-	} else
-		return error(_("Invalid key: %s"), key);
-
-	if (!error_flag)
-		return error(_("Invalid value for %s: %s"), key, value);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void read_populate_opts(struct replay_opts **opts_ptr)
-{
-	const char *opts_file = git_path(SEQ_OPTS_FILE);
-
-	if (!file_exists(opts_file))
-		return;
-	if (git_config_from_file(populate_opts_cb, opts_file, *opts_ptr) < 0)
-		die(_("Malformed options sheet: %s"), opts_file);
-}
-
-static void walk_revs_populate_todo(struct commit_list **todo_list,
-				struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct commit_list **next;
-
-	prepare_revs(opts);
-
-	next = todo_list;
-	while ((commit = get_revision(opts->revs)))
-		next = commit_list_append(commit, next);
-}
-
-static int create_seq_dir(void)
-{
-	const char *seq_dir = git_path(SEQ_DIR);
-
-	if (file_exists(seq_dir)) {
-		error(_("a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"));
-		advise(_("try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""));
-		return -1;
-	}
-	else if (mkdir(seq_dir, 0777) < 0)
-		die_errno(_("Could not create sequencer directory %s"), seq_dir);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void save_head(const char *head)
-{
-	const char *head_file = git_path(SEQ_HEAD_FILE);
-	static struct lock_file head_lock;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int fd;
-
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&head_lock, head_file, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", head);
-	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0)
-		die_errno(_("Could not write to %s"), head_file);
-	if (commit_lock_file(&head_lock) < 0)
-		die(_("Error wrapping up %s."), head_file);
-}
-
-static int reset_for_rollback(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	const char *argv[4];	/* reset --merge <arg> + NULL */
-	argv[0] = "reset";
-	argv[1] = "--merge";
-	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
-	argv[3] = NULL;
-	return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-}
-
-static int rollback_single_pick(void)
-{
-	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
-
-	if (!file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")) &&
-	    !file_exists(git_path("REVERT_HEAD")))
-		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
-	if (read_ref_full("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL))
-		return error(_("cannot resolve HEAD"));
-	if (is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
-		return error(_("cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"));
-	return reset_for_rollback(head_sha1);
-}
-
-static int sequencer_rollback(struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	const char *filename;
-	FILE *f;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	filename = git_path(SEQ_HEAD_FILE);
-	f = fopen(filename, "r");
-	if (!f && errno == ENOENT) {
-		/*
-		 * There is no multiple-cherry-pick in progress.
-		 * If CHERRY_PICK_HEAD or REVERT_HEAD indicates
-		 * a single-cherry-pick in progress, abort that.
-		 */
-		return rollback_single_pick();
-	}
-	if (!f)
-		return error(_("cannot open %s: %s"), filename,
-						strerror(errno));
-	if (strbuf_getline(&buf, f, '\n')) {
-		error(_("cannot read %s: %s"), filename, ferror(f) ?
-			strerror(errno) : _("unexpected end of file"));
-		fclose(f);
-		goto fail;
-	}
-	fclose(f);
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1) || buf.buf[40] != '\0') {
-		error(_("stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"),
-			filename);
-		goto fail;
-	}
-	if (reset_for_rollback(sha1))
-		goto fail;
-	remove_sequencer_state();
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	return 0;
-fail:
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	return -1;
-}
-
-static void save_todo(struct commit_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	const char *todo_file = git_path(SEQ_TODO_FILE);
-	static struct lock_file todo_lock;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int fd;
-
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&todo_lock, todo_file, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-	if (format_todo(&buf, todo_list, opts) < 0)
-		die(_("Could not format %s."), todo_file);
-	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0) {
-		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		die_errno(_("Could not write to %s"), todo_file);
-	}
-	if (commit_lock_file(&todo_lock) < 0) {
-		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		die(_("Error wrapping up %s."), todo_file);
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-}
-
-static void save_opts(struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	const char *opts_file = git_path(SEQ_OPTS_FILE);
-
-	if (opts->no_commit)
-		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.no-commit", "true");
-	if (opts->edit)
-		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.edit", "true");
-	if (opts->signoff)
-		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.signoff", "true");
-	if (opts->record_origin)
-		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.record-origin", "true");
-	if (opts->allow_ff)
-		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.allow-ff", "true");
-	if (opts->mainline) {
-		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%d", opts->mainline);
-		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.mainline", buf.buf);
-		strbuf_release(&buf);
-	}
-	if (opts->strategy)
-		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.strategy", opts->strategy);
-	if (opts->xopts) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
-			git_config_set_multivar_in_file(opts_file,
-							"options.strategy-option",
-							opts->xopts[i], "^$", 0);
-	}
-}
-
-static int pick_commits(struct commit_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	struct commit_list *cur;
-	int res;
-
-	setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
-	if (opts->allow_ff)
-		assert(!(opts->signoff || opts->no_commit ||
-				opts->record_origin || opts->edit));
-	read_and_refresh_cache(opts);
-
-	for (cur = todo_list; cur; cur = cur->next) {
-		save_todo(cur, opts);
-		res = do_pick_commit(cur->item, opts);
-		if (res)
-			return res;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Sequence of picks finished successfully; cleanup by
-	 * removing the .git/sequencer directory
-	 */
-	remove_sequencer_state();
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int continue_single_pick(void)
-{
-	const char *argv[] = { "commit", NULL };
-
-	if (!file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")) &&
-	    !file_exists(git_path("REVERT_HEAD")))
-		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
-	return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-}
-
-static int sequencer_continue(struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	struct commit_list *todo_list = NULL;
-
-	if (!file_exists(git_path(SEQ_TODO_FILE)))
-		return continue_single_pick();
-	read_populate_opts(&opts);
-	read_populate_todo(&todo_list, opts);
-
-	/* Verify that the conflict has been resolved */
-	if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")) ||
-	    file_exists(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"))) {
-		int ret = continue_single_pick();
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
-	if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0))
-		return error_dirty_index(opts);
-	todo_list = todo_list->next;
-	return pick_commits(todo_list, opts);
-}
-
-static int single_pick(struct commit *cmit, struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
-	return do_pick_commit(cmit, opts);
-}
-
-static int pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
-{
-	struct commit_list *todo_list = NULL;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_NONE)
-		assert(opts->revs);
-
-	read_and_refresh_cache(opts);
-
-	/*
-	 * Decide what to do depending on the arguments; a fresh
-	 * cherry-pick should be handled differently from an existing
-	 * one that is being continued
-	 */
-	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_REMOVE_STATE) {
-		remove_sequencer_state();
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_ROLLBACK)
-		return sequencer_rollback(opts);
-	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_CONTINUE)
-		return sequencer_continue(opts);
-
-	/*
-	 * If we were called as "git cherry-pick <commit>", just
-	 * cherry-pick/revert it, set CHERRY_PICK_HEAD /
-	 * REVERT_HEAD, and don't touch the sequencer state.
-	 * This means it is possible to cherry-pick in the middle
-	 * of a cherry-pick sequence.
-	 */
-	if (opts->revs->cmdline.nr == 1 &&
-	    opts->revs->cmdline.rev->whence == REV_CMD_REV &&
-	    opts->revs->no_walk &&
-	    !opts->revs->cmdline.rev->flags) {
-		struct commit *cmit;
-		if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
-			die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
-		cmit = get_revision(opts->revs);
-		if (!cmit || get_revision(opts->revs))
-			die("BUG: expected exactly one commit from walk");
-		return single_pick(cmit, opts);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Start a new cherry-pick/ revert sequence; but
-	 * first, make sure that an existing one isn't in
-	 * progress
-	 */
-
-	walk_revs_populate_todo(&todo_list, opts);
-	if (create_seq_dir() < 0)
-		return -1;
-	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1)) {
-		if (opts->action == REVERT)
-			return error(_("Can't revert as initial commit"));
-		return error(_("Can't cherry-pick into empty head"));
-	}
-	save_head(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	save_opts(opts);
-	return pick_commits(todo_list, opts);
-}
-
 int cmd_revert(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct replay_opts opts;
@@ -1139,10 +189,10 @@ int cmd_revert(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	if (isatty(0))
 		opts.edit = 1;
-	opts.action = REVERT;
+	opts.action = REPLAY_REVERT;
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	parse_args(argc, argv, &opts);
-	res = pick_revisions(&opts);
+	res = sequencer_pick_revisions(&opts);
 	if (res < 0)
 		die(_("revert failed"));
 	return res;
@@ -1154,10 +204,10 @@ int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int res;
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
-	opts.action = CHERRY_PICK;
+	opts.action = REPLAY_PICK;
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	parse_args(argc, argv, &opts);
-	res = pick_revisions(&opts);
+	res = sequencer_pick_revisions(&opts);
 	if (res < 0)
 		die(_("cherry-pick failed"));
 	return res;
diff --git a/builtin/rm.c b/builtin/rm.c
index 90c8a5047c..8abb0207fa 100644
--- a/builtin/rm.c
+++ b/builtin/rm.c
@@ -3,23 +3,110 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds 2006
  */
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_rm_usage[] = {
-	"git rm [options] [--] <file>...",
+	N_("git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static struct {
 	int nr, alloc;
-	const char **name;
+	struct {
+		const char *name;
+		char is_submodule;
+	} *entry;
 } list;
 
+static int get_ours_cache_pos(const char *path, int pos)
+{
+	int i = -pos - 1;
+
+	while ((i < active_nr) && !strcmp(active_cache[i]->name, path)) {
+		if (ce_stage(active_cache[i]) == 2)
+			return i;
+		i++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void print_error_files(struct string_list *files_list,
+			      const char *main_msg,
+			      const char *hints_msg,
+			      int *errs)
+{
+	if (files_list->nr) {
+		int i;
+		struct strbuf err_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&err_msg, main_msg);
+		for (i = 0; i < files_list->nr; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(&err_msg,
+				    "\n    %s",
+				    files_list->items[i].string);
+		if (advice_rm_hints)
+			strbuf_addstr(&err_msg, hints_msg);
+		*errs = error("%s", err_msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err_msg);
+	}
+}
+
+static void error_removing_concrete_submodules(struct string_list *files, int *errs)
+{
+	print_error_files(files,
+			  Q_("the following submodule (or one of its nested "
+			     "submodules)\n"
+			     "uses a .git directory:",
+			     "the following submodules (or one of their nested "
+			     "submodules)\n"
+			     "use a .git directory:", files->nr),
+			  _("\n(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove "
+			    "it including all of its history)"),
+			  errs);
+	string_list_clear(files, 0);
+}
+
+static int check_submodules_use_gitfiles(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	int errs = 0;
+	struct string_list files = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
+		int pos;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			pos = get_ours_cache_pos(name, pos);
+			if (pos < 0)
+				continue;
+		}
+		ce = active_cache[pos];
+
+		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) ||
+		    !file_exists(ce->name) ||
+		    is_empty_dir(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
+			string_list_append(&files, name);
+	}
+
+	error_removing_concrete_submodules(&files, &errs);
+
+	return errs;
+}
+
 static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 {
 	/*
@@ -31,26 +118,41 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 	 */
 	int i, no_head;
 	int errs = 0;
+	struct string_list files_staged = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_cached = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_submodule = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_local = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	no_head = is_null_sha1(head);
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
 		struct stat st;
 		int pos;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
-		const char *name = list.name[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		unsigned mode;
 		int local_changes = 0;
 		int staged_changes = 0;
 
 		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
-		if (pos < 0)
-			continue; /* removing unmerged entry */
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Skip unmerged entries except for populated submodules
+			 * that could lose history when removed.
+			 */
+			pos = get_ours_cache_pos(name, pos);
+			if (pos < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode) ||
+			    is_empty_dir(name))
+				continue;
+		}
 		ce = active_cache[pos];
 
 		if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
-			if (errno != ENOENT)
-				warning("'%s': %s", ce->name, strerror(errno));
+			if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
+				warning_errno(_("failed to stat '%s'"), ce->name);
 			/* It already vanished from the working tree */
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -58,9 +160,10 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 			/* if a file was removed and it is now a
 			 * directory, that is the same as ENOENT as
 			 * far as git is concerned; we do not track
-			 * directories.
+			 * directories unless they are submodules.
 			 */
-			continue;
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				continue;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -80,8 +183,11 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 
 		/*
 		 * Is the index different from the file in the work tree?
+		 * If it's a submodule, is its work tree modified?
 		 */
-		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0))
+		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0) ||
+		    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+		     !ok_to_remove_submodule(ce->name)))
 			local_changes = 1;
 
 		/*
@@ -105,22 +211,51 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 		 * "intent to add" entry.
 		 */
 		if (local_changes && staged_changes) {
-			if (!index_only || !(ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has staged content different "
-					     "from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-					     "(use -f to force removal)"), name);
+			if (!index_only || !ce_intent_to_add(ce))
+				string_list_append(&files_staged, name);
 		}
 		else if (!index_only) {
 			if (staged_changes)
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
-			if (local_changes)
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has local modifications\n"
-					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
+				string_list_append(&files_cached, name);
+			if (local_changes) {
+				if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+				    !submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
+					string_list_append(&files_submodule, name);
+				else
+					string_list_append(&files_local, name);
+			}
 		}
 	}
+	print_error_files(&files_staged,
+			  Q_("the following file has staged content different "
+			     "from both the\nfile and the HEAD:",
+			     "the following files have staged content different"
+			     " from both the\nfile and the HEAD:",
+			     files_staged.nr),
+			  _("\n(use -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_staged, 0);
+	print_error_files(&files_cached,
+			  Q_("the following file has changes "
+			     "staged in the index:",
+			     "the following files have changes "
+			     "staged in the index:", files_cached.nr),
+			  _("\n(use --cached to keep the file,"
+			    " or -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_cached, 0);
+
+	error_removing_concrete_submodules(&files_submodule, &errs);
+
+	print_error_files(&files_local,
+			  Q_("the following file has local modifications:",
+			     "the following files have local modifications:",
+			     files_local.nr),
+			  _("\n(use --cached to keep the file,"
+			    " or -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_local, 0);
+
 	return errs;
 }
 
@@ -130,22 +265,23 @@ static int show_only = 0, force = 0, index_only = 0, recursive = 0, quiet = 0;
 static int ignore_unmatch = 0;
 
 static struct option builtin_rm_options[] = {
-	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not list removed files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, "only remove from the index"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&force, "override the up-to-date check"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL,             &recursive,  "allow recursive removal"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
-				"exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"),
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not list removed files")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, N_("only remove from the index")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("override the up-to-date check")),
+	OPT_BOOL('r', NULL,             &recursive,  N_("allow recursive removal")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
+				N_("exit with a zero status even if nothing matched")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
 int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	int i;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	char *seen;
 
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_rm_options,
@@ -156,35 +292,40 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!index_only)
 		setup_work_tree();
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP,
+		       prefix, argv);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, &pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
-	seen = NULL;
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] ; i++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec.nr, 1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec, seen))
 			continue;
-		ALLOC_GROW(list.name, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
-		list.name[list.nr++] = ce->name;
+		ALLOC_GROW(list.entry, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
+		list.entry[list.nr].name = xstrdup(ce->name);
+		list.entry[list.nr].is_submodule = S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode);
+		if (list.entry[list.nr++].is_submodule &&
+		    !is_staging_gitmodules_ok())
+			die (_("Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"));
 	}
 
-	if (pathspec) {
-		const char *match;
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
+		const char *original;
 		int seen_any = 0;
-		for (i = 0; (match = pathspec[i]) != NULL ; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+			original = pathspec.items[i].original;
 			if (!seen[i]) {
 				if (!ignore_unmatch) {
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
-					    match);
+					    original);
 				}
 			}
 			else {
@@ -192,10 +333,10 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			if (!recursive && seen[i] == MATCHED_RECURSIVELY)
 				die(_("not removing '%s' recursively without -r"),
-				    *match ? match : ".");
+				    *original ? original : ".");
 		}
 
-		if (! seen_any)
+		if (!seen_any)
 			exit(0);
 	}
 
@@ -215,6 +356,9 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			hashclr(sha1);
 		if (check_local_mod(sha1, index_only))
 			exit(1);
+	} else if (!index_only) {
+		if (check_submodules_use_gitfiles())
+			exit(1);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -222,7 +366,7 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * the index unless all of them succeed.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-		const char *path = list.name[i];
+		const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
 		if (!quiet)
 			printf("rm '%s'\n", path);
 
@@ -242,9 +386,34 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * in the middle)
 	 */
 	if (!index_only) {
-		int removed = 0;
+		int removed = 0, gitmodules_modified = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-			const char *path = list.name[i];
+			const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
+			if (list.entry[i].is_submodule) {
+				if (is_empty_dir(path)) {
+					if (!rmdir(path)) {
+						removed = 1;
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+				} else {
+					struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+					strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
+					if (!remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0)) {
+						removed = 1;
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+						strbuf_release(&buf);
+						continue;
+					} else if (!file_exists(path))
+						/* Submodule was removed by user */
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+					strbuf_release(&buf);
+					/* Fallthrough and let remove_path() fail. */
+				}
+			}
 			if (!remove_path(path)) {
 				removed = 1;
 				continue;
@@ -252,11 +421,12 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			if (!removed)
 				die_errno("git rm: '%s'", path);
 		}
+		if (gitmodules_modified)
+			stage_updated_gitmodules();
 	}
 
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/send-pack.c b/builtin/send-pack.c
index cd1115ffc6..1ff5a67538 100644
--- a/builtin/send-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/send-pack.c
@@ -5,174 +5,25 @@
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "transport.h"
-
-static const char send_pack_usage[] =
-"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]\n"
-"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive.";
+#include "version.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "gettext.h"
+
+static const char * const send_pack_usage[] = {
+	N_("git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] "
+	  "[--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] "
+	  "[<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]\n"
+	  "  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."),
+	NULL,
+};
 
 static struct send_pack_args args;
 
-static int feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, int negative)
-{
-	char buf[42];
-
-	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
-		return 1;
-
-	memcpy(buf + negative, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
-	if (negative)
-		buf[0] = '^';
-	buf[40 + negative] = '\n';
-	return write_or_whine(fd, buf, 41 + negative, "send-pack: send refs");
-}
-
-/*
- * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
- */
-static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
-{
-	/*
-	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
-	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
-	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
-	 */
-	const char *argv[] = {
-		"pack-objects",
-		"--all-progress-implied",
-		"--revs",
-		"--stdout",
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-	};
-	struct child_process po;
-	int i;
-
-	i = 4;
-	if (args->use_thin_pack)
-		argv[i++] = "--thin";
-	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
-		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
-	if (args->quiet)
-		argv[i++] = "-q";
-	if (args->progress)
-		argv[i++] = "--progress";
-	memset(&po, 0, sizeof(po));
-	po.argv = argv;
-	po.in = -1;
-	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
-	po.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&po))
-		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
-
-	/*
-	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
-	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
-		if (!feed_object(extra->array[i], po.in, 1))
-			break;
-
-	while (refs) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->old_sha1) &&
-		    !feed_object(refs->old_sha1, po.in, 1))
-			break;
-		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->new_sha1) &&
-		    !feed_object(refs->new_sha1, po.in, 0))
-			break;
-		refs = refs->next;
-	}
-
-	close(po.in);
-
-	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
-		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		while (1) {
-			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-			if (n <= 0)
-				break;
-			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		}
-		free(buf);
-		close(po.out);
-		po.out = -1;
-	}
-
-	if (finish_command(&po))
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
-{
-	struct ref *hint;
-	char line[1000];
-	int ret = 0;
-	int len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-	if (len < 10 || memcmp(line, "unpack ", 7))
-		return error("did not receive remote status");
-	if (memcmp(line, "unpack ok\n", 10)) {
-		char *p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
-		if (*p == '\n')
-			*p = '\0';
-		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
-		ret = -1;
-	}
-	hint = NULL;
-	while (1) {
-		char *refname;
-		char *msg;
-		len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
-			break;
-		if (len < 3 ||
-		    (memcmp(line, "ok ", 3) && memcmp(line, "ng ", 3))) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "protocol error: %s\n", line);
-			ret = -1;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';
-		refname = line + 3;
-		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
-		if (msg)
-			*msg++ = '\0';
-
-		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
-		if (hint)
-			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
-		if (!hint)
-			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
-		if (!hint) {
-			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
-					refname);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
-			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
-					refname);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
-			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
-		else {
-			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
-			ret = -1;
-		}
-		if (msg)
-			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
-		/* start our next search from the next ref */
-		hint = hint->next;
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -201,6 +52,26 @@ static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 			msg = "non-fast forward";
 			break;
 
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "fetch first";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "needs force";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "stale info";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "already exists";
+			break;
+
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
 		case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 			res = "error";
@@ -221,168 +92,31 @@ static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 		}
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
-static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+static int send_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 {
-	int *fd = data, ret;
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	close(fd[1]);
-#endif
-	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
-	close(out);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
-	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-	      struct ref *remote_refs,
-	      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
-{
-	int in = fd[0];
-	int out = fd[1];
-	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct ref *ref;
-	int new_refs;
-	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
-	int status_report = 0;
-	int use_sideband = 0;
-	unsigned cmds_sent = 0;
-	int ret;
-	struct async demux;
-
-	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
-	if (server_supports("report-status"))
-		status_report = 1;
-	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
-		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
-	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
-		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
-		use_sideband = 1;
-
-	if (!remote_refs) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
-			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Finally, tell the other end!
-	 */
-	new_refs = 0;
-	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
-			continue;
-
-		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
-		switch (ref->status) {
-		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
-		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-			continue;
-		default:
-			; /* do nothing */
-		}
-
-		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (!ref->deletion)
-			new_refs++;
-
-		if (args->dry_run) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
-		} else {
-			char *old_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1);
-			char *new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
-
-			if (!cmds_sent && (status_report || use_sideband)) {
-				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s%c%s%s",
-					old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
-					status_report ? " report-status" : "",
-					use_sideband ? " side-band-64k" : "");
+	git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "push.gpgsign")) {
+		const char *value;
+		if (!git_config_get_value("push.gpgsign", &value)) {
+			switch (git_config_maybe_bool("push.gpgsign", value)) {
+			case 0:
+				args.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER;
+				break;
+			case 1:
+				args.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS;
+				break;
+			default:
+				if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "if-asked"))
+					args.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED;
+				else
+					return error("Invalid value for '%s'", k);
 			}
-			else
-				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
-					old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
-			ref->status = status_report ?
-				REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT :
-				REF_STATUS_OK;
-			cmds_sent++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
-		if (!args->dry_run && cmds_sent) {
-			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		}
-	} else {
-		safe_write(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
-		packet_flush(out);
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-
-	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
-		memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
-		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
-		demux.data = fd;
-		demux.out = -1;
-		if (start_async(&demux))
-			die("send-pack: unable to fork off sideband demultiplexer");
-		in = demux.out;
-	}
-
-	if (new_refs && cmds_sent) {
-		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
-			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
-				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
-			if (args->stateless_rpc)
-				close(out);
-			if (git_connection_is_socket(conn))
-				shutdown(fd[0], SHUT_WR);
-			if (use_sideband)
-				finish_async(&demux);
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-	if (args->stateless_rpc && cmds_sent)
-		packet_flush(out);
-
-	if (status_report && cmds_sent)
-		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
-	else
-		ret = 0;
-	if (args->stateless_rpc)
-		packet_flush(out);
-
-	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
-		if (finish_async(&demux)) {
-			error("error in sideband demultiplexer");
-			ret = -1;
-		}
-		close(demux.out);
-	}
-
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (args->porcelain)
-		return 0;
-
-	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		switch (ref->status) {
-		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
-		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-		case REF_STATUS_OK:
-			break;
-		default:
-			return -1;
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -397,83 +131,103 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *dest = NULL;
 	int fd[2];
 	struct child_process *conn;
-	struct extra_have_objects extra_have;
+	struct sha1_array extra_have = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct sha1_array shallow = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct ref *remote_refs, *local_refs;
 	int ret;
 	int helper_status = 0;
 	int send_all = 0;
+	int verbose = 0;
 	const char *receivepack = "git-receive-pack";
+	unsigned dry_run = 0;
+	unsigned send_mirror = 0;
+	unsigned force_update = 0;
+	unsigned quiet = 0;
+	int push_cert = 0;
+	unsigned use_thin_pack = 0;
+	unsigned atomic = 0;
+	unsigned stateless_rpc = 0;
 	int flags;
-	int nonfastforward = 0;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
+	int progress = -1;
+	int from_stdin = 0;
+	struct push_cas_option cas = {0};
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbose),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote_name, "remote", N_("remote name")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &send_all, N_("push all refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n' , "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "mirror", &send_mirror, N_("mirror all refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "force", &force_update, N_("force updates")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK,
+		  0, "signed", &push_cert, "yes|no|if-asked", N_("GPG sign the push"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_push_signed },
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "thin", &use_thin_pack, N_("use thin pack")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "atomic", &atomic, N_("request atomic transaction on remote side")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stateless-rpc", &stateless_rpc, N_("use stateless RPC protocol")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, N_("read refs from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "helper-status", &helper_status, N_("print status from remote helper")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK,
+		  0, CAS_OPT_NAME, &cas, N_("refname>:<expect"),
+		  N_("require old value of ref to be at this value"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_push_cas_option },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
 
-	argv++;
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++, argv++) {
-		const char *arg = *argv;
+	git_config(send_pack_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, send_pack_usage, 0);
+	if (argc > 0) {
+		dest = argv[0];
+		refspecs = (const char **)(argv + 1);
+		nr_refspecs = argc - 1;
+	}
 
-		if (*arg == '-') {
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--receive-pack=")) {
-				receivepack = arg + 15;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
-				receivepack = arg + 7;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remote=")) {
-				remote_name = arg + 9;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
-				send_all = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run")) {
-				args.dry_run = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--mirror")) {
-				args.send_mirror = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--force")) {
-				args.force_update = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose")) {
-				args.verbose = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--thin")) {
-				args.use_thin_pack = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stateless-rpc")) {
-				args.stateless_rpc = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(arg, "--helper-status")) {
-				helper_status = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			usage(send_pack_usage);
-		}
-		if (!dest) {
-			dest = arg;
-			continue;
+	if (!dest)
+		usage_with_options(send_pack_usage, options);
+
+	args.verbose = verbose;
+	args.dry_run = dry_run;
+	args.send_mirror = send_mirror;
+	args.force_update = force_update;
+	args.quiet = quiet;
+	args.push_cert = push_cert;
+	args.progress = progress;
+	args.use_thin_pack = use_thin_pack;
+	args.atomic = atomic;
+	args.stateless_rpc = stateless_rpc;
+
+	if (from_stdin) {
+		struct argv_array all_refspecs = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_refspecs; i++)
+			argv_array_push(&all_refspecs, refspecs[i]);
+
+		if (args.stateless_rpc) {
+			const char *buf;
+			while ((buf = packet_read_line(0, NULL)))
+				argv_array_push(&all_refspecs, buf);
+		} else {
+			struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+			while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin) != EOF)
+				argv_array_push(&all_refspecs, line.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&line);
 		}
-		refspecs = (const char **) argv;
-		nr_refspecs = argc - i;
-		break;
+
+		refspecs = all_refspecs.argv;
+		nr_refspecs = all_refspecs.argc;
 	}
-	if (!dest)
-		usage(send_pack_usage);
+
 	/*
 	 * --all and --mirror are incompatible; neither makes sense
 	 * with any refspecs.
 	 */
-	if ((refspecs && (send_all || args.send_mirror)) ||
+	if ((nr_refspecs > 0 && (send_all || args.send_mirror)) ||
 	    (send_all && args.send_mirror))
-		usage(send_pack_usage);
+		usage_with_options(send_pack_usage, options);
 
 	if (remote_name) {
 		remote = remote_get(remote_name);
@@ -483,6 +237,10 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (progress == -1)
+		progress = !args.quiet && isatty(2);
+	args.progress = progress;
+
 	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
 		conn = NULL;
 		fd[0] = 0;
@@ -492,9 +250,8 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
 	}
 
-	memset(&extra_have, 0, sizeof(extra_have));
-
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL, &extra_have);
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL,
+			 &extra_have, &shallow);
 
 	transport_verify_remote_names(nr_refspecs, refspecs);
 
@@ -511,6 +268,9 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs, nr_refspecs, refspecs, flags))
 		return -1;
 
+	if (!is_empty_cas(&cas))
+		apply_push_cas(&cas, remote, remote_refs);
+
 	set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs, args.send_mirror,
 		args.force_update);
 
@@ -525,7 +285,7 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	ret |= finish_connect(conn);
 
 	if (!helper_status)
-		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &nonfastforward);
+		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &reject_reasons);
 
 	if (!args.dry_run && remote) {
 		struct ref *ref;
diff --git a/builtin/shortlog.c b/builtin/shortlog.c
index 37f3193a33..f83984e8a1 100644
--- a/builtin/shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin/shortlog.c
@@ -10,13 +10,30 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static char const * const shortlog_usage[] = {
-	"git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]",
-	"",
-	"[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)",
+	N_("git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int compare_by_number(const void *a1, const void *a2)
+/*
+ * The util field of our string_list_items will contain one of two things:
+ *
+ *   - if --summary is not in use, it will point to a string list of the
+ *     oneline subjects assigned to this author
+ *
+ *   - if --summary is in use, we don't need that list; we only need to know
+ *     its size. So we abuse the pointer slot to store our integer counter.
+ *
+ *  This macro accesses the latter.
+ */
+#define UTIL_TO_INT(x) ((intptr_t)(x)->util)
+
+static int compare_by_counter(const void *a1, const void *a2)
+{
+	const struct string_list_item *i1 = a1, *i2 = a2;
+	return UTIL_TO_INT(i2) - UTIL_TO_INT(i1);
+}
+
+static int compare_by_list(const void *a1, const void *a2)
 {
 	const struct string_list_item *i1 = a1, *i2 = a2;
 	const struct string_list *l1 = i1->util, *l2 = i2->util;
@@ -33,144 +50,116 @@ static void insert_one_record(struct shortlog *log,
 			      const char *author,
 			      const char *oneline)
 {
-	const char *dot3 = log->common_repo_prefix;
-	char *buffer, *p;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
-	char namebuf[1024];
-	char emailbuf[1024];
-	size_t len;
-	const char *eol;
-	const char *boemail, *eoemail;
-	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	boemail = strchr(author, '<');
-	if (!boemail)
-		return;
-	eoemail = strchr(boemail, '>');
-	if (!eoemail)
-		return;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
+	struct strbuf namemailbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ident_split ident;
 
-	/* copy author name to namebuf, to support matching on both name and email */
-	memcpy(namebuf, author, boemail - author);
-	len = boemail - author;
-	while (len > 0 && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-		len--;
-	namebuf[len] = 0;
-
-	/* copy email name to emailbuf, to allow email replacement as well */
-	memcpy(emailbuf, boemail+1, eoemail - boemail);
-	emailbuf[eoemail - boemail - 1] = 0;
-
-	if (!map_user(&log->mailmap, emailbuf, sizeof(emailbuf), namebuf, sizeof(namebuf))) {
-		while (author < boemail && isspace(*author))
-			author++;
-		for (len = 0;
-		     len < sizeof(namebuf) - 1 && author + len < boemail;
-		     len++)
-			namebuf[len] = author[len];
-		while (0 < len && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-			len--;
-		namebuf[len] = '\0';
-	}
-	else
-		len = strlen(namebuf);
-
-	if (log->email) {
-		size_t room = sizeof(namebuf) - len - 1;
-		int maillen = strlen(emailbuf);
-		snprintf(namebuf + len, room, " <%.*s>", maillen, emailbuf);
-	}
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, author, strlen(author)))
+		return;
 
-	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namebuf);
-	if (item->util == NULL)
-		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
-
-	/* Skip any leading whitespace, including any blank lines. */
-	while (*oneline && isspace(*oneline))
-		oneline++;
-	eol = strchr(oneline, '\n');
-	if (!eol)
-		eol = oneline + strlen(oneline);
-	if (!prefixcmp(oneline, "[PATCH")) {
-		char *eob = strchr(oneline, ']');
-		if (eob && (!eol || eob < eol))
-			oneline = eob + 1;
-	}
-	while (*oneline && isspace(*oneline) && *oneline != '\n')
-		oneline++;
-	format_subject(&subject, oneline, " ");
-	buffer = strbuf_detach(&subject, NULL);
-
-	if (dot3) {
-		int dot3len = strlen(dot3);
-		if (dot3len > 5) {
-			while ((p = strstr(buffer, dot3)) != NULL) {
-				int taillen = strlen(p) - dot3len;
-				memcpy(p, "/.../", 5);
-				memmove(p + 5, p + dot3len, taillen + 1);
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+
+	map_user(&log->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
+	strbuf_add(&namemailbuf, namebuf, namelen);
+
+	if (log->email)
+		strbuf_addf(&namemailbuf, " <%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
+
+	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namemailbuf.buf);
+
+	if (log->summary)
+		item->util = (void *)(UTIL_TO_INT(item) + 1);
+	else {
+		const char *dot3 = log->common_repo_prefix;
+		char *buffer, *p;
+		struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *eol;
+
+		/* Skip any leading whitespace, including any blank lines. */
+		while (*oneline && isspace(*oneline))
+			oneline++;
+		eol = strchr(oneline, '\n');
+		if (!eol)
+			eol = oneline + strlen(oneline);
+		if (starts_with(oneline, "[PATCH")) {
+			char *eob = strchr(oneline, ']');
+			if (eob && (!eol || eob < eol))
+				oneline = eob + 1;
+		}
+		while (*oneline && isspace(*oneline) && *oneline != '\n')
+			oneline++;
+		format_subject(&subject, oneline, " ");
+		buffer = strbuf_detach(&subject, NULL);
+
+		if (dot3) {
+			int dot3len = strlen(dot3);
+			if (dot3len > 5) {
+				while ((p = strstr(buffer, dot3)) != NULL) {
+					int taillen = strlen(p) - dot3len;
+					memcpy(p, "/.../", 5);
+					memmove(p + 5, p + dot3len, taillen + 1);
+				}
 			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	string_list_append(item->util, buffer);
+		if (item->util == NULL)
+			item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+		string_list_append(item->util, buffer);
+	}
 }
 
 static void read_from_stdin(struct shortlog *log)
 {
-	char author[1024], oneline[1024];
+	struct strbuf author = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf oneline = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	while (fgets(author, sizeof(author), stdin) != NULL) {
-		if (!(author[0] == 'A' || author[0] == 'a') ||
-		    prefixcmp(author + 1, "uthor: "))
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&author, stdin) != EOF) {
+		const char *v;
+		if (!skip_prefix(author.buf, "Author: ", &v) &&
+		    !skip_prefix(author.buf, "author ", &v))
 			continue;
-		while (fgets(oneline, sizeof(oneline), stdin) &&
-		       oneline[0] != '\n')
+		while (strbuf_getline_lf(&oneline, stdin) != EOF &&
+		       oneline.len)
 			; /* discard headers */
-		while (fgets(oneline, sizeof(oneline), stdin) &&
-		       oneline[0] == '\n')
+		while (strbuf_getline_lf(&oneline, stdin) != EOF &&
+		       !oneline.len)
 			; /* discard blanks */
-		insert_one_record(log, author + 8, oneline);
+		insert_one_record(log, v, oneline.buf);
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&author);
+	strbuf_release(&oneline);
 }
 
 void shortlog_add_commit(struct shortlog *log, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	const char *author = NULL, *buffer;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf ufbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_RAW, commit, &buf);
-	buffer = buf.buf;
-	while (*buffer && *buffer != '\n') {
-		const char *eol = strchr(buffer, '\n');
-
-		if (eol == NULL)
-			eol = buffer + strlen(buffer);
+	struct strbuf author = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf oneline = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+
+	ctx.fmt = CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
+	ctx.abbrev = log->abbrev;
+	ctx.subject = "";
+	ctx.after_subject = "";
+	ctx.date_mode.type = DATE_NORMAL;
+	ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+
+	format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &author, &ctx);
+	if (!log->summary) {
+		if (log->user_format)
+			pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &oneline);
 		else
-			eol++;
-
-		if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "author "))
-			author = buffer + 7;
-		buffer = eol;
-	}
-	if (!author)
-		die(_("Missing author: %s"),
-		    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	if (log->user_format) {
-		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
-		ctx.fmt = CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
-		ctx.abbrev = log->abbrev;
-		ctx.subject = "";
-		ctx.after_subject = "";
-		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
-		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &ufbuf);
-		buffer = ufbuf.buf;
-	} else if (*buffer) {
-		buffer++;
+			format_commit_message(commit, "%s", &oneline, &ctx);
 	}
-	insert_one_record(log, author, !*buffer ? "<none>" : buffer);
-	strbuf_release(&ufbuf);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	insert_one_record(log, author.buf, oneline.len ? oneline.buf : "<none>");
+
+	strbuf_release(&author);
+	strbuf_release(&oneline);
 }
 
 static void get_from_rev(struct rev_info *rev, struct shortlog *log)
@@ -244,19 +233,19 @@ void shortlog_init(struct shortlog *log)
 
 int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	static struct shortlog log;
-	static struct rev_info rev;
+	struct shortlog log = { STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP };
+	struct rev_info rev;
 	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
 
-	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
-			    "sort output according to the number of commits per author"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &log.summary,
-			    "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "email", &log.email,
-			    "Show the email address of each author"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, "w[,i1[,i2]]",
-			"Linewrap output", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
+			 N_("sort output according to the number of commits per author")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "summary", &log.summary,
+			 N_("Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "email", &log.email,
+			 N_("Show the email address of each author")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, N_("w[,i1[,i2]]"),
+			N_("Linewrap output"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -306,9 +295,8 @@ parse_done:
 static void add_wrapped_shortlog_msg(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s,
 				     const struct shortlog *log)
 {
-	int col = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
-	if (col != log->wrap)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
 void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log)
@@ -318,14 +306,14 @@ void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log)
 
 	if (log->sort_by_number)
 		qsort(log->list.items, log->list.nr, sizeof(struct string_list_item),
-			compare_by_number);
+		      log->summary ? compare_by_counter : compare_by_list);
 	for (i = 0; i < log->list.nr; i++) {
-		struct string_list *onelines = log->list.items[i].util;
-
+		const struct string_list_item *item = &log->list.items[i];
 		if (log->summary) {
-			printf("%6d\t%s\n", onelines->nr, log->list.items[i].string);
+			printf("%6d\t%s\n", (int)UTIL_TO_INT(item), item->string);
 		} else {
-			printf("%s (%d):\n", log->list.items[i].string, onelines->nr);
+			struct string_list *onelines = item->util;
+			printf("%s (%d):\n", item->string, onelines->nr);
 			for (j = onelines->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
 				const char *msg = onelines->items[j].string;
 
@@ -338,11 +326,11 @@ void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log)
 					printf("      %s\n", msg);
 			}
 			putchar('\n');
+			onelines->strdup_strings = 1;
+			string_list_clear(onelines, 0);
+			free(onelines);
 		}
 
-		onelines->strdup_strings = 1;
-		string_list_clear(onelines, 0);
-		free(onelines);
 		log->list.items[i].util = NULL;
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/show-branch.c b/builtin/show-branch.c
index a59e088cf5..25669357e9 100644
--- a/builtin/show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin/show-branch.c
@@ -3,19 +3,21 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "color.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char* show_branch_usage[] = {
-    "git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]",
-    "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]",
+    N_("git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+       "		[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+       "		[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+       "		[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"),
+    N_("git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"),
     NULL
 };
 
 static int showbranch_use_color = -1;
 
-static int default_num;
-static int default_alloc;
-static const char **default_arg;
+static struct argv_array default_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 #define UNINTERESTING	01
 
@@ -50,17 +52,6 @@ static struct commit *interesting(struct commit_list *list)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct commit *pop_one_commit(struct commit_list **list_p)
-{
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct commit_list *list;
-	list = *list_p;
-	commit = list->item;
-	*list_p = list->next;
-	free(list);
-	return commit;
-}
-
 struct commit_name {
 	const char *head_name; /* which head's ancestor? */
 	int generation; /* how many parents away from head_name */
@@ -162,29 +153,28 @@ static void name_commits(struct commit_list *list,
 			nth = 0;
 			while (parents) {
 				struct commit *p = parents->item;
-				char newname[1000], *en;
+				struct strbuf newname = STRBUF_INIT;
 				parents = parents->next;
 				nth++;
 				if (p->util)
 					continue;
-				en = newname;
 				switch (n->generation) {
 				case 0:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addstr(&newname, n->head_name);
 					break;
 				case 1:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s^", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s^", n->head_name);
 					break;
 				default:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s~%d",
-						n->head_name, n->generation);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s~%d",
+						    n->head_name, n->generation);
 					break;
 				}
 				if (nth == 1)
-					en += sprintf(en, "^");
+					strbuf_addch(&newname, '^');
 				else
-					en += sprintf(en, "^%d", nth);
-				name_commit(p, xstrdup(newname), 0);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "^%d", nth);
+				name_commit(p, strbuf_detach(&newname, NULL), 0);
 				i++;
 				name_first_parent_chain(p);
 			}
@@ -211,7 +201,7 @@ static void join_revs(struct commit_list **list_p,
 	while (*list_p) {
 		struct commit_list *parents;
 		int still_interesting = !!interesting(*list_p);
-		struct commit *commit = pop_one_commit(list_p);
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(list_p);
 		int flags = commit->object.flags & all_mask;
 
 		if (!still_interesting && extra <= 0)
@@ -228,8 +218,7 @@ static void join_revs(struct commit_list **list_p,
 			parents = parents->next;
 			if ((this_flag & flags) == flags)
 				continue;
-			if (!p->object.parsed)
-				parse_commit(p);
+			parse_commit(p);
 			if (mark_seen(p, seen_p) && !still_interesting)
 				extra--;
 			p->object.flags |= flags;
@@ -286,7 +275,7 @@ static void show_one_commit(struct commit *commit, int no_name)
 		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &pretty);
 		pretty_str = pretty.buf;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(pretty_str, "[PATCH] "))
+	if (starts_with(pretty_str, "[PATCH] "))
 		pretty_str += 8;
 
 	if (!no_name) {
@@ -302,7 +291,7 @@ static void show_one_commit(struct commit *commit, int no_name)
 		}
 		else
 			printf("[%s] ",
-			       find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1,
+			       find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash,
 						  DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	}
 	puts(pretty_str);
@@ -368,10 +357,10 @@ static void sort_ref_range(int bottom, int top)
 	      compare_ref_name);
 }
 
-static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+static int append_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
 		      int allow_dups)
 {
-	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid->hash, 1);
 	int i;
 
 	if (!commit)
@@ -393,39 +382,42 @@ static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int append_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int append_head_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			   int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	unsigned char tmp[20];
+	struct object_id tmp;
 	int ofs = 11;
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (!starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
 		return 0;
 	/* If both heads/foo and tags/foo exists, get_sha1 would
 	 * get confused.
 	 */
-	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp) || hashcmp(tmp, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp.hash) || oidcmp(&tmp, oid))
 		ofs = 5;
-	return append_ref(refname + ofs, sha1, 0);
+	return append_ref(refname + ofs, oid, 0);
 }
 
-static int append_remote_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int append_remote_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			     int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	unsigned char tmp[20];
+	struct object_id tmp;
 	int ofs = 13;
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+	if (!starts_with(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
 		return 0;
 	/* If both heads/foo and tags/foo exists, get_sha1 would
 	 * get confused.
 	 */
-	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp) || hashcmp(tmp, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp.hash) || oidcmp(&tmp, oid))
 		ofs = 5;
-	return append_ref(refname + ofs, sha1, 0);
+	return append_ref(refname + ofs, oid, 0);
 }
 
-static int append_tag_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int append_tag_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			  int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/"))
+	if (!starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/"))
 		return 0;
-	return append_ref(refname + 5, sha1, 0);
+	return append_ref(refname + 5, oid, 0);
 }
 
 static const char *match_ref_pattern = NULL;
@@ -439,7 +431,8 @@ static int count_slash(const char *s)
 	return cnt;
 }
 
-static int append_matching_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int append_matching_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			       int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	/* we want to allow pattern hold/<asterisk> to show all
 	 * branches under refs/heads/hold/, and v0.99.9? to show
@@ -452,24 +445,26 @@ static int append_matching_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, i
 			slash--;
 	if (!*tail)
 		return 0;
-	if (fnmatch(match_ref_pattern, tail, 0))
+	if (wildmatch(match_ref_pattern, tail, 0, NULL))
 		return 0;
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
-		return append_head_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/"))
-		return append_tag_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
-	return append_ref(refname, sha1, 0);
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		return append_head_ref(refname, oid, flag, cb_data);
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/"))
+		return append_tag_ref(refname, oid, flag, cb_data);
+	return append_ref(refname, oid, 0);
 }
 
 static void snarf_refs(int head, int remotes)
 {
 	if (head) {
 		int orig_cnt = ref_name_cnt;
+
 		for_each_ref(append_head_ref, NULL);
 		sort_ref_range(orig_cnt, ref_name_cnt);
 	}
 	if (remotes) {
 		int orig_cnt = ref_name_cnt;
+
 		for_each_ref(append_remote_ref, NULL);
 		sort_ref_range(orig_cnt, ref_name_cnt);
 	}
@@ -481,11 +476,11 @@ static int rev_is_head(char *head, int headlen, char *name,
 	if ((!head[0]) ||
 	    (head_sha1 && sha1 && hashcmp(head_sha1, sha1)))
 		return 0;
-	if (!prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(head, "refs/heads/"))
 		head += 11;
-	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(name, "refs/heads/"))
 		name += 11;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(name, "heads/"))
+	else if (starts_with(name, "heads/"))
 		name += 6;
 	return !strcmp(head, name);
 }
@@ -497,11 +492,11 @@ static int show_merge_base(struct commit_list *seen, int num_rev)
 	int exit_status = 1;
 
 	while (seen) {
-		struct commit *commit = pop_one_commit(&seen);
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&seen);
 		int flags = commit->object.flags & all_mask;
 		if (!(flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
 		    ((flags & all_revs) == all_revs)) {
-			puts(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			puts(oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 			exit_status = 0;
 			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 		}
@@ -521,7 +516,7 @@ static int show_independent(struct commit **rev,
 		unsigned int flag = rev_mask[i];
 
 		if (commit->object.flags == flag)
-			puts(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			puts(oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 		commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -529,14 +524,15 @@ static int show_independent(struct commit **rev,
 
 static void append_one_rev(const char *av)
 {
-	unsigned char revkey[20];
-	if (!get_sha1(av, revkey)) {
-		append_ref(av, revkey, 0);
+	struct object_id revkey;
+	if (!get_sha1(av, revkey.hash)) {
+		append_ref(av, &revkey, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 	if (strchr(av, '*') || strchr(av, '?') || strchr(av, '[')) {
 		/* glob style match */
 		int saved_matches = ref_name_cnt;
+
 		match_ref_pattern = av;
 		match_ref_slash = count_slash(av);
 		for_each_ref(append_matching_ref, NULL);
@@ -559,16 +555,9 @@ static int git_show_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		 * default_arg is now passed to parse_options(), so we need to
 		 * mimic the real argv a bit better.
 		 */
-		if (!default_num) {
-			default_alloc = 20;
-			default_arg = xcalloc(default_alloc, sizeof(*default_arg));
-			default_arg[default_num++] = "show-branch";
-		} else if (default_alloc <= default_num + 1) {
-			default_alloc = default_alloc * 3 / 2 + 20;
-			default_arg = xrealloc(default_arg, sizeof *default_arg * default_alloc);
-		}
-		default_arg[default_num++] = xstrdup(value);
-		default_arg[default_num] = NULL;
+		if (!default_args.argc)
+			argv_array_push(&default_args, "show-branch");
+		argv_array_push(&default_args, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -631,11 +620,11 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	int num_rev, i, extra = 0;
 	int all_heads = 0, all_remotes = 0;
 	int all_mask, all_revs;
-	int lifo = 1;
+	enum rev_sort_order sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 	char head[128];
 	const char *head_p;
 	int head_len;
-	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	struct object_id head_oid;
 	int merge_base = 0;
 	int independent = 0;
 	int no_name = 0;
@@ -647,37 +636,39 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	int dense = 1;
 	const char *reflog_base = NULL;
 	struct option builtin_show_branch_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_heads,
-			    "show remote-tracking and local branches"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
-			    "show remote-tracking branches"),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all_heads,
+			 N_("show remote-tracking and local branches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
+			 N_("show remote-tracking branches")),
 		OPT__COLOR(&showbranch_use_color,
-			    "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, "n",
-			    "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor",
+			    N_("color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch")),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, N_("n"),
+			    N_("show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)1 },
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, "synonym to more=-1", -1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-name", &no_name, "suppress naming strings"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
-			    "include the current branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
-			    "name commits with their object names"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
-			    "show possible merge bases"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &independent,
-			    "show refs unreachable from any other ref"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topo-order", &lifo,
-			    "show commits in topological order"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topics", &topics,
-			    "show only commits not on the first branch"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, N_("synonym to more=-1"), -1),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-name", &no_name, N_("suppress naming strings")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
+			 N_("include the current branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
+			 N_("name commits with their object names")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
+			 N_("show possible merge bases")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "independent", &independent,
+			    N_("show refs unreachable from any other ref")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "topo-order", &sort_order,
+			    N_("show commits in topological order"),
+			    REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "topics", &topics,
+			 N_("show only commits not on the first branch")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "sparse", &dense,
-			    "show merges reachable from only one tip", 0),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &lifo,
-			    "show commits where no parent comes before its "
-			    "children", 0),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, "<n>[,<base>]",
-			    "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
-			    "base",
+			    N_("show merges reachable from only one tip"), 0),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &sort_order,
+			    N_("topologically sort, maintaining date order "
+			       "where possible"),
+			    REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, N_("<n>[,<base>]"),
+			    N_("show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
+			       "base"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			    parse_reflog_param },
 		OPT_END()
@@ -686,9 +677,9 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	git_config(git_show_branch_config, NULL);
 
 	/* If nothing is specified, try the default first */
-	if (ac == 1 && default_num) {
-		ac = default_num;
-		av = default_arg;
+	if (ac == 1 && default_args.argc) {
+		ac = default_args.argc;
+		av = default_args.argv;
 	}
 
 	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, builtin_show_branch_options,
@@ -715,22 +706,26 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	/* If nothing is specified, show all branches by default */
-	if (ac + all_heads + all_remotes == 0)
+	if (ac <= topics && all_heads + all_remotes == 0)
 		all_heads = 1;
 
 	if (reflog) {
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		char nth_desc[256];
+		struct object_id oid;
 		char *ref;
 		int base = 0;
+		unsigned int flags = 0;
 
 		if (ac == 0) {
 			static const char *fake_av[2];
 
-			fake_av[0] = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
+			fake_av[0] = resolve_refdup("HEAD",
+						    RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						    oid.hash, NULL);
 			fake_av[1] = NULL;
 			av = fake_av;
 			ac = 1;
+			if (!*av)
+				die("no branches given, and HEAD is not valid");
 		}
 		if (ac != 1)
 			die("--reflog option needs one branch name");
@@ -738,7 +733,7 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 		if (MAX_REVS < reflog)
 			die("Only %d entries can be shown at one time.",
 			    MAX_REVS);
-		if (!dwim_ref(*av, strlen(*av), sha1, &ref))
+		if (!dwim_ref(*av, strlen(*av), oid.hash, &ref))
 			die("No such ref %s", *av);
 
 		/* Has the base been specified? */
@@ -749,18 +744,19 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 				/* Ah, that is a date spec... */
 				unsigned long at;
 				at = approxidate(reflog_base);
-				read_ref_at(ref, at, -1, sha1, NULL,
+				read_ref_at(ref, flags, at, -1, oid.hash, NULL,
 					    NULL, NULL, &base);
 			}
 		}
 
 		for (i = 0; i < reflog; i++) {
-			char *logmsg, *m;
+			char *logmsg;
+			char *nth_desc;
 			const char *msg;
 			unsigned long timestamp;
 			int tz;
 
-			if (read_ref_at(ref, 0, base+i, sha1, &logmsg,
+			if (read_ref_at(ref, flags, 0, base+i, oid.hash, &logmsg,
 					&timestamp, &tz, NULL)) {
 				reflog = i;
 				break;
@@ -770,26 +766,29 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 				msg = "(none)";
 			else
 				msg++;
-			m = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + 200);
-			sprintf(m, "(%s) %s",
-				show_date(timestamp, tz, 1),
-				msg);
-			reflog_msg[i] = m;
+			reflog_msg[i] = xstrfmt("(%s) %s",
+						show_date(timestamp, tz,
+							  DATE_MODE(RELATIVE)),
+						msg);
 			free(logmsg);
-			sprintf(nth_desc, "%s@{%d}", *av, base+i);
-			append_ref(nth_desc, sha1, 1);
+
+			nth_desc = xstrfmt("%s@{%d}", *av, base+i);
+			append_ref(nth_desc, &oid, 1);
+			free(nth_desc);
 		}
+		free(ref);
 	}
-	else if (all_heads + all_remotes)
-		snarf_refs(all_heads, all_remotes);
 	else {
 		while (0 < ac) {
 			append_one_rev(*av);
 			ac--; av++;
 		}
+		if (all_heads + all_remotes)
+			snarf_refs(all_heads, all_remotes);
 	}
 
-	head_p = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL);
+	head_p = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+				    head_oid.hash, NULL);
 	if (head_p) {
 		head_len = strlen(head_p);
 		memcpy(head, head_p, head_len + 1);
@@ -808,11 +807,11 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 			if (rev_is_head(head,
 					head_len,
 					ref_name[i],
-					head_sha1, NULL))
+					head_oid.hash, NULL))
 				has_head++;
 		}
 		if (!has_head) {
-			int offset = !prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/") ? 11 : 0;
+			int offset = starts_with(head, "refs/heads/") ? 11 : 0;
 			append_one_rev(head + offset);
 		}
 	}
@@ -823,17 +822,17 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	for (num_rev = 0; ref_name[num_rev]; num_rev++) {
-		unsigned char revkey[20];
+		struct object_id revkey;
 		unsigned int flag = 1u << (num_rev + REV_SHIFT);
 
 		if (MAX_REVS <= num_rev)
 			die("cannot handle more than %d revs.", MAX_REVS);
-		if (get_sha1(ref_name[num_rev], revkey))
+		if (get_sha1(ref_name[num_rev], revkey.hash))
 			die("'%s' is not a valid ref.", ref_name[num_rev]);
-		commit = lookup_commit_reference(revkey);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference(revkey.hash);
 		if (!commit)
 			die("cannot find commit %s (%s)",
-			    ref_name[num_rev], revkey);
+			    ref_name[num_rev], oid_to_hex(&revkey));
 		parse_commit(commit);
 		mark_seen(commit, &seen);
 
@@ -867,8 +866,8 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 			int is_head = rev_is_head(head,
 						  head_len,
 						  ref_name[i],
-						  head_sha1,
-						  rev[i]->object.sha1);
+						  head_oid.hash,
+						  rev[i]->object.oid.hash);
 			if (extra < 0)
 				printf("%c [%s] ",
 				       is_head ? '*' : ' ', ref_name[i]);
@@ -901,7 +900,7 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 		exit(0);
 
 	/* Sort topologically */
-	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, sort_order);
 
 	/* Give names to commits */
 	if (!sha1_name && !no_name)
@@ -911,7 +910,7 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	all_revs = all_mask & ~((1u << REV_SHIFT) - 1);
 
 	while (seen) {
-		struct commit *commit = pop_one_commit(&seen);
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&seen);
 		int this_flag = commit->object.flags;
 		int is_merge_point = ((this_flag & all_revs) == all_revs);
 
diff --git a/builtin/show-ref.c b/builtin/show-ref.c
index 3911661900..6d4e669002 100644
--- a/builtin/show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/show-ref.c
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const show_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] ",
-	"git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list",
+	N_("git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"),
+	N_("git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -17,26 +17,29 @@ static int deref_tags, show_head, tags_only, heads_only, found_match, verify,
 static const char **pattern;
 static const char *exclude_existing_arg;
 
-static void show_one(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static void show_one(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid)
 {
-	const char *hex = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev);
+	const char *hex = find_unique_abbrev(oid->hash, abbrev);
 	if (hash_only)
 		printf("%s\n", hex);
 	else
 		printf("%s %s\n", hex, refname);
 }
 
-static int show_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cbdata)
+static int show_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+		    int flag, void *cbdata)
 {
-	struct object *obj;
 	const char *hex;
-	unsigned char peeled[20];
+	struct object_id peeled;
+
+	if (show_head && !strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))
+		goto match;
 
 	if (tags_only || heads_only) {
 		int match;
 
-		match = heads_only && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
-		match |= tags_only && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/");
+		match = heads_only && starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/");
+		match |= tags_only && starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/");
 		if (!match)
 			return 0;
 	}
@@ -67,42 +70,27 @@ match:
 	 * detect and return error if the repository is corrupt and
 	 * ref points at a nonexistent object.
 	 */
-	if (!has_sha1_file(sha1))
+	if (!has_sha1_file(oid->hash))
 		die("git show-ref: bad ref %s (%s)", refname,
-		    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		    oid_to_hex(oid));
 
 	if (quiet)
 		return 0;
 
-	show_one(refname, sha1);
+	show_one(refname, oid);
 
 	if (!deref_tags)
 		return 0;
 
-	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED) && !peel_ref(refname, peeled)) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled, abbrev);
-			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
-		}
-	}
-	else {
-		obj = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!obj)
-			die("git show-ref: bad ref %s (%s)", refname,
-			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			obj = deref_tag(obj, refname, 0);
-			if (!obj)
-				die("git show-ref: bad tag at ref %s (%s)", refname,
-				    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1, abbrev);
-			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
-		}
+	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled.hash)) {
+		hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled.hash, abbrev);
+		printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cbdata)
+static int add_existing(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			int flag, void *cbdata)
 {
 	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
 	string_list_insert(list, refname);
@@ -120,7 +108,7 @@ static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag
  */
 static int exclude_existing(const char *match)
 {
-	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	char buf[1024];
 	int matchlen = match ? strlen(match) : 0;
 
@@ -173,43 +161,33 @@ static int exclude_existing_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int help_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	return -1;
-}
-
 static const struct option show_ref_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &tags_only, "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heads", &heads_only, "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "verify", &verify, "stricter reference checking, "
-		    "requires exact ref path"),
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'h', NULL, &show_head, NULL,
-	  "show the HEAD reference",
-	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "head", &show_head, "show the HEAD reference"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
-		    "dereference tags into object IDs"),
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, "n",
-	  "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits",
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &tags_only, N_("only show tags (can be combined with heads)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "heads", &heads_only, N_("only show heads (can be combined with tags)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify", &verify, N_("stricter reference checking, "
+		    "requires exact ref path")),
+	OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL('h', NULL, &show_head,
+			N_("show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "head", &show_head,
+	  N_("show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out")),
+	OPT_BOOL('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
+		    N_("dereference tags into object IDs")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, N_("n"),
+	  N_("only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &hash_callback },
 	OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 	OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-		   "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"),
+		   N_("do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)")),
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-existing", &exclude_existing_arg,
-	  "pattern", "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository",
+	  N_("pattern"), N_("show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_existing_callback },
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", NULL, NULL, "show usage",
-	  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
 int cmd_show_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage_with_options(show_ref_usage, show_ref_options);
-
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, show_ref_options,
-			     show_ref_usage, PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
+			     show_ref_usage, 0);
 
 	if (exclude_arg)
 		return exclude_existing(exclude_existing_arg);
@@ -222,12 +200,12 @@ int cmd_show_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (!pattern)
 			die("--verify requires a reference");
 		while (*pattern) {
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			struct object_id oid;
 
-			if (!prefixcmp(*pattern, "refs/") &&
-			    !read_ref(*pattern, sha1)) {
+			if (starts_with(*pattern, "refs/") &&
+			    !read_ref(*pattern, oid.hash)) {
 				if (!quiet)
-					show_one(*pattern, sha1);
+					show_one(*pattern, &oid);
 			}
 			else if (!quiet)
 				die("'%s' - not a valid ref", *pattern);
diff --git a/builtin/stripspace.c b/builtin/stripspace.c
index f16986c0ae..15e716ef43 100644
--- a/builtin/stripspace.c
+++ b/builtin/stripspace.c
@@ -1,86 +1,59 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
 
-/*
- * Returns the length of a line, without trailing spaces.
- *
- * If the line ends with newline, it will be removed too.
- */
-static size_t cleanup(char *line, size_t len)
+static void comment_lines(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	while (len) {
-		unsigned char c = line[len - 1];
-		if (!isspace(c))
-			break;
-		len--;
-	}
+	char *msg;
+	size_t len;
 
-	return len;
+	msg = strbuf_detach(buf, &len);
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(buf, msg, len);
+	free(msg);
 }
 
-/*
- * Remove empty lines from the beginning and end
- * and also trailing spaces from every line.
- *
- * Turn multiple consecutive empty lines between paragraphs
- * into just one empty line.
- *
- * If the input has only empty lines and spaces,
- * no output will be produced.
- *
- * If last line does not have a newline at the end, one is added.
- *
- * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with "#".
- */
-void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
-{
-	int empties = 0;
-	size_t i, j, len, newlen;
-	char *eol;
-
-	/* We may have to add a newline. */
-	strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
-
-	for (i = j = 0; i < sb->len; i += len, j += newlen) {
-		eol = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
-		len = eol ? eol - (sb->buf + i) + 1 : sb->len - i;
-
-		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == '#') {
-			newlen = 0;
-			continue;
-		}
-		newlen = cleanup(sb->buf + i, len);
+static const char * const stripspace_usage[] = {
+	N_("git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"),
+	N_("git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"),
+	NULL
+};
 
-		/* Not just an empty line? */
-		if (newlen) {
-			if (empties > 0 && j > 0)
-				sb->buf[j++] = '\n';
-			empties = 0;
-			memmove(sb->buf + j, sb->buf + i, newlen);
-			sb->buf[newlen + j++] = '\n';
-		} else {
-			empties++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	strbuf_setlen(sb, j);
-}
+enum stripspace_mode {
+	STRIP_DEFAULT = 0,
+	STRIP_COMMENTS,
+	COMMENT_LINES
+};
 
 int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int strip_comments = 0;
+	enum stripspace_mode mode = STRIP_DEFAULT;
+
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_CMDMODE('s', "strip-comments", &mode,
+			    N_("skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"),
+			    STRIP_COMMENTS),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('c', "comment-lines", &mode,
+			    N_("prepend comment character and space to each line"),
+			    COMMENT_LINES),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, stripspace_usage, 0);
+	if (argc)
+		usage_with_options(stripspace_usage, options);
 
-	if (argc == 2 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
-				!strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")))
-		strip_comments = 1;
-	else if (argc > 1)
-		usage("git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input");
+	if (mode == STRIP_COMMENTS || mode == COMMENT_LINES)
+		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
 		die_errno("could not read the input");
 
-	stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	if (mode == STRIP_DEFAULT || mode == STRIP_COMMENTS)
+		strbuf_stripspace(&buf, mode == STRIP_COMMENTS);
+	else
+		comment_lines(&buf);
 
 	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
diff --git a/builtin/submodule--helper.c b/builtin/submodule--helper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7deb55785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/submodule--helper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "connect.h"
+
+static char *get_default_remote(void)
+{
+	char *dest = NULL, *ret;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *refname = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
+
+	if (!refname)
+		die(_("No such ref: %s"), "HEAD");
+
+	/* detached HEAD */
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))
+		return xstrdup("origin");
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(refname, "refs/heads/", &refname))
+		die(_("Expecting a full ref name, got %s"), refname);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "branch.%s.remote", refname);
+	if (git_config_get_string(sb.buf, &dest))
+		ret = xstrdup("origin");
+	else
+		ret = dest;
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int starts_with_dot_slash(const char *str)
+{
+	return str[0] == '.' && is_dir_sep(str[1]);
+}
+
+static int starts_with_dot_dot_slash(const char *str)
+{
+	return str[0] == '.' && str[1] == '.' && is_dir_sep(str[2]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if it was the last chop before ':'.
+ */
+static int chop_last_dir(char **remoteurl, int is_relative)
+{
+	char *rfind = find_last_dir_sep(*remoteurl);
+	if (rfind) {
+		*rfind = '\0';
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	rfind = strrchr(*remoteurl, ':');
+	if (rfind) {
+		*rfind = '\0';
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (is_relative || !strcmp(".", *remoteurl))
+		die(_("cannot strip one component off url '%s'"),
+			*remoteurl);
+
+	free(*remoteurl);
+	*remoteurl = xstrdup(".");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The `url` argument is the URL that navigates to the submodule origin
+ * repo. When relative, this URL is relative to the superproject origin
+ * URL repo. The `up_path` argument, if specified, is the relative
+ * path that navigates from the submodule working tree to the superproject
+ * working tree. Returns the origin URL of the submodule.
+ *
+ * Return either an absolute URL or filesystem path (if the superproject
+ * origin URL is an absolute URL or filesystem path, respectively) or a
+ * relative file system path (if the superproject origin URL is a relative
+ * file system path).
+ *
+ * When the output is a relative file system path, the path is either
+ * relative to the submodule working tree, if up_path is specified, or to
+ * the superproject working tree otherwise.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: This works incorrectly on the domain and protocol part.
+ * remote_url      url              outcome          expectation
+ * http://a.com/b  ../c             http://a.com/c   as is
+ * http://a.com/b  ../../c          http://c         error out
+ * http://a.com/b  ../../../c       http:/c          error out
+ * http://a.com/b  ../../../../c    http:c           error out
+ * http://a.com/b  ../../../../../c    .:c           error out
+ * NEEDSWORK: Given how chop_last_dir() works, this function is broken
+ * when a local part has a colon in its path component, too.
+ */
+static char *relative_url(const char *remote_url,
+				const char *url,
+				const char *up_path)
+{
+	int is_relative = 0;
+	int colonsep = 0;
+	char *out;
+	char *remoteurl = xstrdup(remote_url);
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t len = strlen(remoteurl);
+
+	if (is_dir_sep(remoteurl[len]))
+		remoteurl[len] = '\0';
+
+	if (!url_is_local_not_ssh(remoteurl) || is_absolute_path(remoteurl))
+		is_relative = 0;
+	else {
+		is_relative = 1;
+		/*
+		 * Prepend a './' to ensure all relative
+		 * remoteurls start with './' or '../'
+		 */
+		if (!starts_with_dot_slash(remoteurl) &&
+		    !starts_with_dot_dot_slash(remoteurl)) {
+			strbuf_reset(&sb);
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "./%s", remoteurl);
+			free(remoteurl);
+			remoteurl = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * When the url starts with '../', remove that and the
+	 * last directory in remoteurl.
+	 */
+	while (url) {
+		if (starts_with_dot_dot_slash(url)) {
+			url += 3;
+			colonsep |= chop_last_dir(&remoteurl, is_relative);
+		} else if (starts_with_dot_slash(url))
+			url += 2;
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s%s%s", remoteurl, colonsep ? ":" : "/", url);
+	free(remoteurl);
+
+	if (starts_with_dot_slash(sb.buf))
+		out = xstrdup(sb.buf + 2);
+	else
+		out = xstrdup(sb.buf);
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+
+	if (!up_path || !is_relative)
+		return out;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s%s", up_path, out);
+	free(out);
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+}
+
+static int resolve_relative_url(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	char *remoteurl = NULL;
+	char *remote = get_default_remote();
+	const char *up_path = NULL;
+	char *res;
+	const char *url;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (argc != 2 && argc != 3)
+		die("resolve-relative-url only accepts one or two arguments");
+
+	url = argv[1];
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "remote.%s.url", remote);
+	free(remote);
+
+	if (git_config_get_string(sb.buf, &remoteurl))
+		/* the repository is its own authoritative upstream */
+		remoteurl = xgetcwd();
+
+	if (argc == 3)
+		up_path = argv[2];
+
+	res = relative_url(remoteurl, url, up_path);
+	puts(res);
+	free(res);
+	free(remoteurl);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int resolve_relative_url_test(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	char *remoteurl, *res;
+	const char *up_path, *url;
+
+	if (argc != 4)
+		die("resolve-relative-url-test only accepts three arguments: <up_path> <remoteurl> <url>");
+
+	up_path = argv[1];
+	remoteurl = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+	url = argv[3];
+
+	if (!strcmp(up_path, "(null)"))
+		up_path = NULL;
+
+	res = relative_url(remoteurl, url, up_path);
+	puts(res);
+	free(res);
+	free(remoteurl);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct module_list {
+	const struct cache_entry **entries;
+	int alloc, nr;
+};
+#define MODULE_LIST_INIT { NULL, 0, 0 }
+
+static int module_list_compute(int argc, const char **argv,
+			       const char *prefix,
+			       struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			       struct module_list *list)
+{
+	int i, result = 0;
+	char *ps_matched = NULL;
+	parse_pathspec(pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP,
+		       prefix, argv);
+
+	if (pathspec->nr)
+		ps_matched = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+
+		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+				    0, ps_matched, 1) ||
+		    !S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			continue;
+
+		ALLOC_GROW(list->entries, list->nr + 1, list->alloc);
+		list->entries[list->nr++] = ce;
+		while (i + 1 < active_nr &&
+		       !strcmp(ce->name, active_cache[i + 1]->name))
+			/*
+			 * Skip entries with the same name in different stages
+			 * to make sure an entry is returned only once.
+			 */
+			i++;
+	}
+
+	if (ps_matched && report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix))
+		result = -1;
+
+	free(ps_matched);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int module_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	struct module_list list = MODULE_LIST_INIT;
+
+	struct option module_list_options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &prefix,
+			   N_("path"),
+			   N_("alternative anchor for relative paths")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	const char *const git_submodule_helper_usage[] = {
+		N_("git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"),
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, module_list_options,
+			     git_submodule_helper_usage, 0);
+
+	if (module_list_compute(argc, argv, prefix, &pathspec, &list) < 0)
+		return 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = list.entries[i];
+
+		if (ce_stage(ce))
+			printf("%06o %s U\t", ce->ce_mode, sha1_to_hex(null_sha1));
+		else
+			printf("%06o %s %d\t", ce->ce_mode, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1), ce_stage(ce));
+
+		utf8_fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", ce->name);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void init_submodule(const char *path, const char *prefix, int quiet)
+{
+	const struct submodule *sub;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *upd = NULL, *url = NULL, *displaypath;
+
+	/* Only loads from .gitmodules, no overlay with .git/config */
+	gitmodules_config();
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s%s", prefix, path);
+		displaypath = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	} else
+		displaypath = xstrdup(path);
+
+	sub = submodule_from_path(null_sha1, path);
+
+	if (!sub)
+		die(_("No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"),
+			displaypath);
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy url setting when it is not set yet.
+	 * To look up the url in .git/config, we must not fall back to
+	 * .gitmodules, so look it up directly.
+	 */
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "submodule.%s.url", sub->name);
+	if (git_config_get_string(sb.buf, &url)) {
+		url = xstrdup(sub->url);
+
+		if (!url)
+			die(_("No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"),
+				displaypath);
+
+		/* Possibly a url relative to parent */
+		if (starts_with_dot_dot_slash(url) ||
+		    starts_with_dot_slash(url)) {
+			char *remoteurl, *relurl;
+			char *remote = get_default_remote();
+			struct strbuf remotesb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&remotesb, "remote.%s.url", remote);
+			free(remote);
+
+			if (git_config_get_string(remotesb.buf, &remoteurl))
+				/*
+				 * The repository is its own
+				 * authoritative upstream
+				 */
+				remoteurl = xgetcwd();
+			relurl = relative_url(remoteurl, url, NULL);
+			strbuf_release(&remotesb);
+			free(remoteurl);
+			free(url);
+			url = relurl;
+		}
+
+		if (git_config_set_gently(sb.buf, url))
+			die(_("Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"),
+			    displaypath);
+		if (!quiet)
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				_("Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"),
+				sub->name, url, displaypath);
+	}
+
+	/* Copy "update" setting when it is not set yet */
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "submodule.%s.update", sub->name);
+	if (git_config_get_string(sb.buf, &upd) &&
+	    sub->update_strategy.type != SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+		if (sub->update_strategy.type == SM_UPDATE_COMMAND) {
+			fprintf(stderr, _("warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"),
+				sub->name);
+			upd = xstrdup("none");
+		} else
+			upd = xstrdup(submodule_strategy_to_string(&sub->update_strategy));
+
+		if (git_config_set_gently(sb.buf, upd))
+			die(_("Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"), displaypath);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	free(displaypath);
+	free(url);
+	free(upd);
+}
+
+static int module_init(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	struct module_list list = MODULE_LIST_INIT;
+	int quiet = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	struct option module_init_options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &prefix,
+			   N_("path"),
+			   N_("alternative anchor for relative paths")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("Suppress output for initializing a submodule")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	const char *const git_submodule_helper_usage[] = {
+		N_("git submodule--helper init [<path>]"),
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, module_init_options,
+			     git_submodule_helper_usage, 0);
+
+	if (module_list_compute(argc, argv, prefix, &pathspec, &list) < 0)
+		return 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
+		init_submodule(list.entries[i]->name, prefix, quiet);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int module_name(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const struct submodule *sub;
+
+	if (argc != 2)
+		usage(_("git submodule--helper name <path>"));
+
+	gitmodules_config();
+	sub = submodule_from_path(null_sha1, argv[1]);
+
+	if (!sub)
+		die(_("no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"),
+		    argv[1]);
+
+	printf("%s\n", sub->name);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int clone_submodule(const char *path, const char *gitdir, const char *url,
+			   const char *depth, const char *reference, int quiet)
+{
+	struct child_process cp;
+	child_process_init(&cp);
+
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "clone");
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--no-checkout");
+	if (quiet)
+		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
+	if (depth && *depth)
+		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--depth", depth, NULL);
+	if (reference && *reference)
+		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--reference", reference, NULL);
+	if (gitdir && *gitdir)
+		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--separate-git-dir", gitdir, NULL);
+
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, url);
+	argv_array_push(&cp.args, path);
+
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+
+	return run_command(&cp);
+}
+
+static int module_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *name = NULL, *url = NULL;
+	const char *reference = NULL, *depth = NULL;
+	int quiet = 0;
+	FILE *submodule_dot_git;
+	char *p, *path = NULL, *sm_gitdir;
+	struct strbuf rel_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	struct option module_clone_options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &prefix,
+			   N_("path"),
+			   N_("alternative anchor for relative paths")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "path", &path,
+			   N_("path"),
+			   N_("where the new submodule will be cloned to")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "name", &name,
+			   N_("string"),
+			   N_("name of the new submodule")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "url", &url,
+			   N_("string"),
+			   N_("url where to clone the submodule from")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "reference", &reference,
+			   N_("string"),
+			   N_("reference repository")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth,
+			   N_("string"),
+			   N_("depth for shallow clones")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "Suppress output for cloning a submodule"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	const char *const git_submodule_helper_usage[] = {
+		N_("git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] "
+		   "[--reference <repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] "
+		   "--url <url> --path <path>"),
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, module_clone_options,
+			     git_submodule_helper_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc || !url || !path || !*path)
+		usage_with_options(git_submodule_helper_usage,
+				   module_clone_options);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/modules/%s", get_git_dir(), name);
+	sm_gitdir = xstrdup(absolute_path(sb.buf));
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+
+	if (!is_absolute_path(path)) {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/%s", get_git_work_tree(), path);
+		path = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	} else
+		path = xstrdup(path);
+
+	if (!file_exists(sm_gitdir)) {
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(sm_gitdir) < 0)
+			die(_("could not create directory '%s'"), sm_gitdir);
+		if (clone_submodule(path, sm_gitdir, url, depth, reference, quiet))
+			die(_("clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"),
+			    url, path);
+	} else {
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(path) < 0)
+			die(_("could not create directory '%s'"), path);
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/index", sm_gitdir);
+		unlink_or_warn(sb.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	}
+
+	/* Write a .git file in the submodule to redirect to the superproject. */
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/.git", path);
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(sb.buf) < 0)
+		die(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"), sb.buf);
+	submodule_dot_git = fopen(sb.buf, "w");
+	if (!submodule_dot_git)
+		die_errno(_("cannot open file '%s'"), sb.buf);
+
+	fprintf_or_die(submodule_dot_git, "gitdir: %s\n",
+		       relative_path(sm_gitdir, path, &rel_path));
+	if (fclose(submodule_dot_git))
+		die(_("could not close file %s"), sb.buf);
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_reset(&rel_path);
+
+	/* Redirect the worktree of the submodule in the superproject's config */
+	p = git_pathdup_submodule(path, "config");
+	if (!p)
+		die(_("could not get submodule directory for '%s'"), path);
+	git_config_set_in_file(p, "core.worktree",
+			       relative_path(path, sm_gitdir, &rel_path));
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&rel_path);
+	free(sm_gitdir);
+	free(path);
+	free(p);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct submodule_update_clone {
+	/* index into 'list', the list of submodules to look into for cloning */
+	int current;
+	struct module_list list;
+	unsigned warn_if_uninitialized : 1;
+
+	/* update parameter passed via commandline */
+	struct submodule_update_strategy update;
+
+	/* configuration parameters which are passed on to the children */
+	int quiet;
+	int recommend_shallow;
+	const char *reference;
+	const char *depth;
+	const char *recursive_prefix;
+	const char *prefix;
+
+	/* Machine-readable status lines to be consumed by git-submodule.sh */
+	struct string_list projectlines;
+
+	/* If we want to stop as fast as possible and return an error */
+	unsigned quickstop : 1;
+};
+#define SUBMODULE_UPDATE_CLONE_INIT {0, MODULE_LIST_INIT, 0, \
+	SUBMODULE_UPDATE_STRATEGY_INIT, 0, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, \
+	STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP, 0}
+
+
+static void next_submodule_warn_missing(struct submodule_update_clone *suc,
+		struct strbuf *out, const char *displaypath)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Only mention uninitialized submodules when their
+	 * paths have been specified.
+	 */
+	if (suc->warn_if_uninitialized) {
+		strbuf_addf(out,
+			_("Submodule path '%s' not initialized"),
+			displaypath);
+		strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		strbuf_addstr(out,
+			_("Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"));
+		strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine whether 'ce' needs to be cloned. If so, prepare the 'child' to
+ * run the clone. Returns 1 if 'ce' needs to be cloned, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int prepare_to_clone_next_submodule(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+					   struct child_process *child,
+					   struct submodule_update_clone *suc,
+					   struct strbuf *out)
+{
+	const struct submodule *sub = NULL;
+	struct strbuf displaypath_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *displaypath = NULL;
+	char *url = NULL;
+	int needs_cloning = 0;
+
+	if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+		if (suc->recursive_prefix)
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/%s", suc->recursive_prefix, ce->name);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s", ce->name);
+		strbuf_addf(out, _("Skipping unmerged submodule %s"), sb.buf);
+		strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	sub = submodule_from_path(null_sha1, ce->name);
+
+	if (suc->recursive_prefix)
+		displaypath = relative_path(suc->recursive_prefix,
+					    ce->name, &displaypath_sb);
+	else
+		displaypath = ce->name;
+
+	if (!sub) {
+		next_submodule_warn_missing(suc, out, displaypath);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (suc->update.type == SM_UPDATE_NONE
+	    || (suc->update.type == SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED
+		&& sub->update_strategy.type == SM_UPDATE_NONE)) {
+		strbuf_addf(out, _("Skipping submodule '%s'"), displaypath);
+		strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Looking up the url in .git/config.
+	 * We must not fall back to .gitmodules as we only want
+	 * to process configured submodules.
+	 */
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "submodule.%s.url", sub->name);
+	git_config_get_string(sb.buf, &url);
+	if (!url) {
+		next_submodule_warn_missing(suc, out, displaypath);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/.git", ce->name);
+	needs_cloning = !file_exists(sb.buf);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%06o %s %d %d\t%s\n", ce->ce_mode,
+			sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1), ce_stage(ce),
+			needs_cloning, ce->name);
+	string_list_append(&suc->projectlines, sb.buf);
+
+	if (!needs_cloning)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	child->git_cmd = 1;
+	child->no_stdin = 1;
+	child->stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	child->err = -1;
+	argv_array_push(&child->args, "submodule--helper");
+	argv_array_push(&child->args, "clone");
+	if (suc->quiet)
+		argv_array_push(&child->args, "--quiet");
+	if (suc->prefix)
+		argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--prefix", suc->prefix, NULL);
+	if (suc->recommend_shallow && sub->recommend_shallow == 1)
+		argv_array_push(&child->args, "--depth=1");
+	argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--path", sub->path, NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--name", sub->name, NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--url", url, NULL);
+	if (suc->reference)
+		argv_array_push(&child->args, suc->reference);
+	if (suc->depth)
+		argv_array_push(&child->args, suc->depth);
+
+cleanup:
+	free(url);
+	strbuf_reset(&displaypath_sb);
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+
+	return needs_cloning;
+}
+
+static int update_clone_get_next_task(struct child_process *child,
+				      struct strbuf *err,
+				      void *suc_cb,
+				      void **void_task_cb)
+{
+	struct submodule_update_clone *suc = suc_cb;
+
+	for (; suc->current < suc->list.nr; suc->current++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = suc->list.entries[suc->current];
+		if (prepare_to_clone_next_submodule(ce, child, suc, err)) {
+			suc->current++;
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int update_clone_start_failure(struct strbuf *err,
+				      void *suc_cb,
+				      void *void_task_cb)
+{
+	struct submodule_update_clone *suc = suc_cb;
+	suc->quickstop = 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int update_clone_task_finished(int result,
+				      struct strbuf *err,
+				      void *suc_cb,
+				      void *void_task_cb)
+{
+	struct submodule_update_clone *suc = suc_cb;
+
+	if (!result)
+		return 0;
+
+	suc->quickstop = 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int update_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *update = NULL;
+	int max_jobs = -1;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	struct submodule_update_clone suc = SUBMODULE_UPDATE_CLONE_INIT;
+
+	struct option module_update_clone_options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &prefix,
+			   N_("path"),
+			   N_("path into the working tree")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "recursive-prefix", &suc.recursive_prefix,
+			   N_("path"),
+			   N_("path into the working tree, across nested "
+			      "submodule boundaries")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "update", &update,
+			   N_("string"),
+			   N_("rebase, merge, checkout or none")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "reference", &suc.reference, N_("repo"),
+			   N_("reference repository")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &suc.depth, "<depth>",
+			   N_("Create a shallow clone truncated to the "
+			      "specified number of revisions")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('j', "jobs", &max_jobs,
+			    N_("parallel jobs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "recommend-shallow", &suc.recommend_shallow,
+			    N_("whether the initial clone should follow the shallow recommendation")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&suc.quiet, N_("don't print cloning progress")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	const char *const git_submodule_helper_usage[] = {
+		N_("git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"),
+		NULL
+	};
+	suc.prefix = prefix;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, module_update_clone_options,
+			     git_submodule_helper_usage, 0);
+
+	if (update)
+		if (parse_submodule_update_strategy(update, &suc.update) < 0)
+			die(_("bad value for update parameter"));
+
+	if (module_list_compute(argc, argv, prefix, &pathspec, &suc.list) < 0)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (pathspec.nr)
+		suc.warn_if_uninitialized = 1;
+
+	/* Overlay the parsed .gitmodules file with .git/config */
+	gitmodules_config();
+	git_config(submodule_config, NULL);
+
+	if (max_jobs < 0)
+		max_jobs = parallel_submodules();
+
+	run_processes_parallel(max_jobs,
+			       update_clone_get_next_task,
+			       update_clone_start_failure,
+			       update_clone_task_finished,
+			       &suc);
+
+	/*
+	 * We saved the output and put it out all at once now.
+	 * That means:
+	 * - the listener does not have to interleave their (checkout)
+	 *   work with our fetching.  The writes involved in a
+	 *   checkout involve more straightforward sequential I/O.
+	 * - the listener can avoid doing any work if fetching failed.
+	 */
+	if (suc.quickstop)
+		return 1;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &suc.projectlines)
+		utf8_fprintf(stdout, "%s", item->string);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int resolve_relative_path(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (argc != 3)
+		die("submodule--helper relative_path takes exactly 2 arguments, got %d", argc);
+
+	printf("%s", relative_path(argv[1], argv[2], &sb));
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct cmd_struct {
+	const char *cmd;
+	int (*fn)(int, const char **, const char *);
+};
+
+static struct cmd_struct commands[] = {
+	{"list", module_list},
+	{"name", module_name},
+	{"clone", module_clone},
+	{"update-clone", update_clone},
+	{"relative-path", resolve_relative_path},
+	{"resolve-relative-url", resolve_relative_url},
+	{"resolve-relative-url-test", resolve_relative_url_test},
+	{"init", module_init}
+};
+
+int cmd_submodule__helper(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (argc < 2)
+		die(_("submodule--helper subcommand must be "
+		      "called with a subcommand"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++)
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], commands[i].cmd))
+			return commands[i].fn(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
+
+	die(_("'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper "
+	      "subcommand"), argv[1]);
+}
diff --git a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
index 2ef5962386..9c29a64e43 100644
--- a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
@@ -4,55 +4,73 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const git_symbolic_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]",
+	N_("git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"),
+	N_("git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static void check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet)
+static int check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet, int shorten, int print)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int flag;
-	const char *refs_heads_master = resolve_ref_unsafe(HEAD, sha1, 0, &flag);
+	const char *refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(HEAD, 0, sha1, &flag);
 
-	if (!refs_heads_master)
+	if (!refname)
 		die("No such ref: %s", HEAD);
 	else if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF)) {
 		if (!quiet)
 			die("ref %s is not a symbolic ref", HEAD);
 		else
-			exit(1);
+			return 1;
 	}
-	puts(refs_heads_master);
+	if (print) {
+		if (shorten)
+			refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
+		puts(refname);
+	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int quiet = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, delete = 0, shorten = 0, ret = 0;
 	const char *msg = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-			"suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"),
-		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
+			N_("suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete symbolic ref")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "short", &shorten, N_("shorten ref output")),
+		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
 			     git_symbolic_ref_usage, 0);
-	if (msg &&!*msg)
+	if (msg && !*msg)
 		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message");
+
+	if (delete) {
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
+		ret = check_symref(argv[0], 1, 0, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			die("Cannot delete %s, not a symbolic ref", argv[0]);
+		return delete_ref(argv[0], NULL, REF_NODEREF);
+	}
+
 	switch (argc) {
 	case 1:
-		check_symref(argv[0], quiet);
+		ret = check_symref(argv[0], quiet, shorten, 1);
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD") &&
-		    prefixcmp(argv[1], "refs/"))
+		    !starts_with(argv[1], "refs/"))
 			die("Refusing to point HEAD outside of refs/");
-		create_symref(argv[0], argv[1], msg);
+		ret = !!create_symref(argv[0], argv[1], msg);
 		break;
 	default:
 		usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index 31f02e80f6..50e4ae5678 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -15,143 +15,52 @@
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "ref-filter.h"
 
 static const char * const git_tag_usage[] = {
-	"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]",
-	"git tag -d <tagname>...",
-	"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [<pattern>...]",
-	"git tag -v <tagname>...",
+	N_("git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"),
+	N_("git tag -d <tagname>..."),
+	N_("git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]"
+		"\n\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"),
+	N_("git tag -v <tagname>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
-struct tag_filter {
-	const char **patterns;
-	int lines;
-	struct commit_list *with_commit;
-};
-
-static int match_pattern(const char **patterns, const char *ref)
-{
-	/* no pattern means match everything */
-	if (!*patterns)
-		return 1;
-	for (; *patterns; patterns++)
-		if (!fnmatch(*patterns, ref, 0))
-			return 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int in_commit_list(const struct commit_list *want, struct commit *c)
-{
-	for (; want; want = want->next)
-		if (!hashcmp(want->item->object.sha1, c->object.sha1))
-			return 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int contains_recurse(struct commit *candidate,
-			    const struct commit_list *want)
-{
-	struct commit_list *p;
-
-	/* was it previously marked as containing a want commit? */
-	if (candidate->object.flags & TMP_MARK)
-		return 1;
-	/* or marked as not possibly containing a want commit? */
-	if (candidate->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
-		return 0;
-	/* or are we it? */
-	if (in_commit_list(want, candidate))
-		return 1;
+static unsigned int colopts;
+static int force_sign_annotate;
 
-	if (parse_commit(candidate) < 0)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* Otherwise recurse and mark ourselves for future traversals. */
-	for (p = candidate->parents; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (contains_recurse(p->item, want)) {
-			candidate->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	candidate->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int contains(struct commit *candidate, const struct commit_list *want)
-{
-	return contains_recurse(candidate, want);
-}
-
-static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			  int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int list_tags(struct ref_filter *filter, struct ref_sorting *sorting, const char *format)
 {
-	struct tag_filter *filter = cb_data;
-
-	if (match_pattern(filter->patterns, refname)) {
-		int i;
-		unsigned long size;
-		enum object_type type;
-		char *buf, *sp, *eol;
-		size_t len;
-
-		if (filter->with_commit) {
-			struct commit *commit;
-
-			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
-			if (!commit)
-				return 0;
-			if (!contains(commit, filter->with_commit))
-				return 0;
-		}
-
-		if (!filter->lines) {
-			printf("%s\n", refname);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		printf("%-15s ", refname);
-
-		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!buf || !size)
-			return 0;
-
-		/* skip header */
-		sp = strstr(buf, "\n\n");
-		if (!sp) {
-			free(buf);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		/* only take up to "lines" lines, and strip the signature */
-		size = parse_signature(buf, size);
-		for (i = 0, sp += 2;
-				i < filter->lines && sp < buf + size;
-				i++) {
-			if (i)
-				printf("\n    ");
-			eol = memchr(sp, '\n', size - (sp - buf));
-			len = eol ? eol - sp : size - (sp - buf);
-			fwrite(sp, len, 1, stdout);
-			if (!eol)
-				break;
-			sp = eol + 1;
-		}
-		putchar('\n');
-		free(buf);
+	struct ref_array array;
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	memset(&array, 0, sizeof(array));
+
+	if (filter->lines == -1)
+		filter->lines = 0;
+
+	if (!format) {
+		if (filter->lines) {
+			to_free = xstrfmt("%s %%(contents:lines=%d)",
+					  "%(align:15)%(refname:strip=2)%(end)",
+					  filter->lines);
+			format = to_free;
+		} else
+			format = "%(refname:strip=2)";
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int list_tags(const char **patterns, int lines,
-			struct commit_list *with_commit)
-{
-	struct tag_filter filter;
-
-	filter.patterns = patterns;
-	filter.lines = lines;
-	filter.with_commit = with_commit;
+	verify_ref_format(format);
+	filter->with_commit_tag_algo = 1;
+	filter_refs(&array, filter, FILTER_REFS_TAGS);
+	ref_array_sort(sorting, &array);
 
-	for_each_tag_ref(show_reference, (void *) &filter);
+	for (i = 0; i < array.nr; i++)
+		show_ref_array_item(array.items[i], format, 0);
+	ref_array_clear(&array);
+	free(to_free);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -196,13 +105,7 @@ static int delete_tag(const char *name, const char *ref,
 static int verify_tag(const char *name, const char *ref,
 				const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	const char *argv_verify_tag[] = {"verify-tag",
-					"-v", "SHA1_HEX", NULL};
-	argv_verify_tag[2] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
-
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_verify_tag, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(_("could not verify the tag '%s'"), name);
-	return 0;
+	return gpg_verify_tag(sha1, name, GPG_VERIFY_VERBOSE);
 }
 
 static int do_sign(struct strbuf *buffer)
@@ -211,25 +114,60 @@ static int do_sign(struct strbuf *buffer)
 }
 
 static const char tag_template[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a message for tag:\n  %s\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n");
 
 static const char tag_template_nocleanup[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-	" yourself if you want to.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a message for tag:\n  %s\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+	" yourself if you want to.\n");
+
+/* Parse arg given and add it the ref_sorting array */
+static int parse_sorting_string(const char *arg, struct ref_sorting **sorting_tail)
+{
+	struct ref_sorting *s;
+	int len;
+
+	s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+	s->next = *sorting_tail;
+	*sorting_tail = s;
+
+	if (*arg == '-') {
+		s->reverse = 1;
+		arg++;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(arg, "version:", &arg) ||
+	    skip_prefix(arg, "v:", &arg))
+		s->version = 1;
+
+	len = strlen(arg);
+	s->atom = parse_ref_filter_atom(arg, arg+len);
+
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static int git_tag_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	int status = git_gpg_config(var, value, cb);
+	int status;
+	struct ref_sorting **sorting_tail = (struct ref_sorting **)cb;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "tag.sort")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		parse_sorting_string(value, sorting_tail);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	status = git_gpg_config(var, value, cb);
 	if (status)
 		return status;
+	if (!strcmp(var, "tag.forcesignannotated")) {
+		force_sign_annotate = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (starts_with(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "tag", &colopts);
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -295,7 +233,7 @@ static void create_tag(const unsigned char *object, const char *tag,
 			  sha1_to_hex(object),
 			  typename(type),
 			  tag,
-			  git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
+			  git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT));
 
 	if (header_len > sizeof(header_buf) - 1)
 		die(_("tag header too big."));
@@ -309,14 +247,18 @@ static void create_tag(const unsigned char *object, const char *tag,
 		if (fd < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), path);
 
-		if (!is_null_sha1(prev))
+		if (!is_null_sha1(prev)) {
 			write_tag_body(fd, prev);
-		else if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template),
-					strlen(_(tag_template)));
-		else
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template_nocleanup),
-					strlen(_(tag_template_nocleanup)));
+		} else {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+			if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template), tag, comment_line_char);
+			else
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template_nocleanup), tag, comment_line_char);
+			write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+		}
 		close(fd);
 
 		if (launch_editor(path, buf, NULL)) {
@@ -327,7 +269,7 @@ static void create_tag(const unsigned char *object, const char *tag,
 	}
 
 	if (opt->cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
-		stripspace(buf, opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
+		strbuf_stripspace(buf, opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
 
 	if (!opt->message_given && !buf->len)
 		die(_("no tag message?"));
@@ -381,48 +323,61 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 	unsigned char object[20], prev[20];
 	const char *object_ref, *tag;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
 	struct create_tag_options opt;
 	char *cleanup_arg = NULL;
-	int annotate = 0, force = 0, lines = -1, list = 0,
-		delete = 0, verify = 0;
+	int create_reflog = 0;
+	int annotate = 0, force = 0;
+	int cmdmode = 0, create_tag_object = 0;
 	const char *msgfile = NULL, *keyid = NULL;
 	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, STRBUF_INIT };
-	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_filter filter;
+	static struct ref_sorting *sorting = NULL, **sorting_tail = &sorting;
+	const char *format = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "list", &list, "list tag names"),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &lines, "n",
-				"print <n> lines of each tag message",
+		OPT_CMDMODE('l', "list", &cmdmode, N_("list tag names"), 'l'),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &filter.lines, N_("n"),
+				N_("print <n> lines of each tag message"),
 				PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, 1 },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &delete, "delete tags"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verify", &verify, "verify tags"),
-
-		OPT_GROUP("Tag creation options"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "annotate", &annotate,
-					"annotated tag, needs a message"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, "message",
-			     "tag message", parse_msg_arg),
-		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, "read message from file"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "sign", &opt.sign, "annotated and GPG-signed tag"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, "mode",
-			"how to strip spaces and #comments from message"),
-		OPT_STRING('u', "local-user", &keyid, "key-id",
-					"use another key to sign the tag"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace the tag if exists"),
-
-		OPT_GROUP("Tag listing options"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('d', "delete", &cmdmode, N_("delete tags"), 'd'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('v', "verify", &cmdmode, N_("verify tags"), 'v'),
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag creation options")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "annotate", &annotate,
+					N_("annotated tag, needs a message")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
+			     N_("tag message"), parse_msg_arg),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, N_("read message from file")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "sign", &opt.sign, N_("annotated and GPG-signed tag")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("mode"),
+			N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
+		OPT_STRING('u', "local-user", &keyid, N_("key-id"),
+					N_("use another key to sign the tag")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace the tag if exists")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "create-reflog", &create_reflog, N_("create a reflog")),
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag listing options")),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, N_("show tag list in columns")),
+		OPT_CONTAINS(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only tags that contain the commit")),
+		OPT_WITH(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only tags that contain the commit")),
+		OPT_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only tags that are merged")),
+		OPT_NO_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only tags that are not merged")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sorting_tail, N_("key"),
+			     N_("field name to sort on"), &parse_opt_ref_sorting),
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only tags that contain the commit",
-			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
-			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "points-at", &filter.points_at, N_("object"),
+			N_("print only tags of the object"), 0, parse_opt_object_name
 		},
+		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, N_("format"), N_("format to use for the output")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
-	git_config(git_tag_config, NULL);
+	git_config(git_tag_config, sorting_tail);
 
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
+	memset(&filter, 0, sizeof(filter));
+	filter.lines = -1;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_tag_usage, 0);
 
@@ -430,33 +385,52 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		opt.sign = 1;
 		set_signing_key(keyid);
 	}
-	if (opt.sign)
-		annotate = 1;
-	if (argc == 0 && !(delete || verify))
-		list = 1;
+	create_tag_object = (opt.sign || annotate || msg.given || msgfile);
 
-	if ((annotate || msg.given || msgfile || force) &&
-	    (list || delete || verify))
-		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
+	if (argc == 0 && !cmdmode)
+		cmdmode = 'l';
 
-	if (list + delete + verify > 1)
+	if ((create_tag_object || force) && (cmdmode != 0))
 		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
-	if (list)
-		return list_tags(argv, lines == -1 ? 0 : lines,
-				 with_commit);
-	if (lines != -1)
+
+	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
+	if (cmdmode == 'l' && filter.lines != -1) {
+		if (explicitly_enable_column(colopts))
+			die(_("--column and -n are incompatible"));
+		colopts = 0;
+	}
+	if (!sorting)
+		sorting = ref_default_sorting();
+	if (cmdmode == 'l') {
+		int ret;
+		if (column_active(colopts)) {
+			struct column_options copts;
+			memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+			copts.padding = 2;
+			run_column_filter(colopts, &copts);
+		}
+		filter.name_patterns = argv;
+		ret = list_tags(&filter, sorting, format);
+		if (column_active(colopts))
+			stop_column_filter();
+		return ret;
+	}
+	if (filter.lines != -1)
 		die(_("-n option is only allowed with -l."));
-	if (with_commit)
+	if (filter.with_commit)
 		die(_("--contains option is only allowed with -l."));
-	if (delete)
+	if (filter.points_at.nr)
+		die(_("--points-at option is only allowed with -l."));
+	if (filter.merge_commit)
+		die(_("--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"));
+	if (cmdmode == 'd')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, delete_tag);
-	if (verify)
+	if (cmdmode == 'v')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, verify_tag);
 
 	if (msg.given || msgfile) {
 		if (msg.given && msgfile)
 			die(_("only one -F or -m option is allowed."));
-		annotate = 1;
 		if (msg.given)
 			strbuf_addbuf(&buf, &(msg.buf));
 		else {
@@ -499,17 +473,24 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	else
 		die(_("Invalid cleanup mode %s"), cleanup_arg);
 
-	if (annotate)
+	if (create_tag_object) {
+		if (force_sign_annotate && !annotate)
+			opt.sign = 1;
 		create_tag(object, tag, &buf, &opt, prev, object);
+	}
 
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, prev, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		die(_("%s: cannot lock the ref"), ref.buf);
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, object, NULL) < 0)
-		die(_("%s: cannot update the ref"), ref.buf);
-	if (force && hashcmp(prev, object))
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref.buf, object, prev,
+				   create_reflog ? REF_FORCE_CREATE_REFLOG : 0,
+				   NULL, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	if (force && !is_null_sha1(prev) && hashcmp(prev, object))
 		printf(_("Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"), tag, find_unique_abbrev(prev, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	strbuf_release(&ref);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/builtin/tar-tree.c b/builtin/tar-tree.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f1e7012db..0000000000
--- a/builtin/tar-tree.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Rene Scharfe
- */
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "commit.h"
-#include "tar.h"
-#include "builtin.h"
-#include "quote.h"
-
-static const char tar_tree_usage[] =
-"git tar-tree [--remote=<repo>] <tree-ish> [basedir]\n"
-"*** Note that this command is now deprecated; use \"git archive\" instead.";
-
-static const char builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage[] =
-"git get-tar-commit-id < <tarfile>";
-
-int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	/*
-	 * "git tar-tree" is now a wrapper around "git archive --format=tar"
-	 *
-	 * $0 --remote=<repo> arg... ==>
-	 *	git archive --format=tar --remote=<repo> arg...
-	 * $0 tree-ish ==>
-	 *	git archive --format=tar tree-ish
-	 * $0 tree-ish basedir ==>
-	 * 	git archive --format-tar --prefix=basedir tree-ish
-	 */
-	int i;
-	const char **nargv = xcalloc(sizeof(*nargv), argc + 3);
-	char *basedir_arg;
-	int nargc = 0;
-
-	nargv[nargc++] = "archive";
-	nargv[nargc++] = "--format=tar";
-
-	if (2 <= argc && !prefixcmp(argv[1], "--remote=")) {
-		nargv[nargc++] = argv[1];
-		argv++;
-		argc--;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Because it's just a compatibility wrapper, tar-tree supports only
-	 * the old behaviour of reading attributes from the work tree.
-	 */
-	nargv[nargc++] = "--worktree-attributes";
-
-	switch (argc) {
-	default:
-		usage(tar_tree_usage);
-		break;
-	case 3:
-		/* base-path */
-		basedir_arg = xmalloc(strlen(argv[2]) + 11);
-		sprintf(basedir_arg, "--prefix=%s/", argv[2]);
-		nargv[nargc++] = basedir_arg;
-		/* fallthru */
-	case 2:
-		/* tree-ish */
-		nargv[nargc++] = argv[1];
-	}
-	nargv[nargc] = NULL;
-
-	fprintf(stderr,
-		"*** \"git tar-tree\" is now deprecated.\n"
-		"*** Running \"git archive\" instead.\n***");
-	for (i = 0; i < nargc; i++) {
-		fputc(' ', stderr);
-		sq_quote_print(stderr, nargv[i]);
-	}
-	fputc('\n', stderr);
-	return cmd_archive(nargc, nargv, prefix);
-}
-
-/* ustar header + extended global header content */
-#define RECORDSIZE	(512)
-#define HEADERSIZE (2 * RECORDSIZE)
-
-int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	char buffer[HEADERSIZE];
-	struct ustar_header *header = (struct ustar_header *)buffer;
-	char *content = buffer + RECORDSIZE;
-	ssize_t n;
-
-	if (argc != 1)
-		usage(builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage);
-
-	n = read_in_full(0, buffer, HEADERSIZE);
-	if (n < HEADERSIZE)
-		die("git get-tar-commit-id: read error");
-	if (header->typeflag[0] != 'g')
-		return 1;
-	if (memcmp(content, "52 comment=", 11))
-		return 1;
-
-	n = write_in_full(1, content + 11, 41);
-	if (n < 41)
-		die_errno("git get-tar-commit-id: write error");
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/builtin/unpack-file.c b/builtin/unpack-file.c
index 19200291a2..6fc6bcdf7f 100644
--- a/builtin/unpack-file.c
+++ b/builtin/unpack-file.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ static char *create_temp_file(unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!buf || type != OBJ_BLOB)
 		die("unable to read blob object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-	strcpy(path, ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
+	xsnprintf(path, sizeof(path), ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
 	fd = xmkstemp(path);
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, size) != size)
 		die_errno("unable to write temp-file");
diff --git a/builtin/unpack-objects.c b/builtin/unpack-objects.c
index 14e04e6795..875e7ed998 100644
--- a/builtin/unpack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/unpack-objects.c
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@
 #include "fsck.h"
 
 static int dry_run, quiet, recover, has_errors, strict;
-static const char unpack_usage[] = "git unpack-objects [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] < pack-file";
+static const char unpack_usage[] = "git unpack-objects [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict]";
 
 /* We always read in 4kB chunks. */
 static unsigned char buffer[4096];
 static unsigned int offset, len;
 static off_t consumed_bytes;
 static git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+static struct fsck_options fsck_options = FSCK_OPTIONS_STRICT;
 
 /*
  * When running under --strict mode, objects whose reachability are
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ static void add_object_buffer(struct object *object, char *buffer, unsigned long
 	obj->buffer = buffer;
 	obj->size = size;
 	if (add_decoration(&obj_decorate, object, obj))
-		die("object %s tried to add buffer twice!", sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+		die("object %s tried to add buffer twice!", oid_to_hex(&object->oid));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ static void use(int bytes)
 static void *get_data(unsigned long size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
-	void *buf = xmalloc(size);
+	void *buf = xmallocz(size);
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ static void *get_data(unsigned long size)
 		if (stream.total_out == size && ret == Z_STREAM_END)
 			break;
 		if (ret != Z_OK) {
-			error("inflate returned %d\n", ret);
+			error("inflate returned %d", ret);
 			free(buf);
 			buf = NULL;
 			if (!recover)
@@ -164,12 +165,12 @@ static unsigned nr_objects;
  * Called only from check_object() after it verified this object
  * is Ok.
  */
-static void write_cached_object(struct object *obj)
+static void write_cached_object(struct object *obj, struct obj_buffer *obj_buf)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct obj_buffer *obj_buf = lookup_object_buffer(obj);
+
 	if (write_sha1_file(obj_buf->buffer, obj_buf->size, typename(obj->type), sha1) < 0)
-		die("failed to write object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		die("failed to write object %s", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 	obj->flags |= FLAG_WRITTEN;
 }
 
@@ -178,8 +179,10 @@ static void write_cached_object(struct object *obj)
  * that have reachability requirements and calls this function.
  * Verify its reachability and validity recursively and write it out.
  */
-static int check_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
+static int check_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
+	struct obj_buffer *obj_buf;
+
 	if (!obj)
 		return 1;
 
@@ -191,18 +194,22 @@ static int check_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_OPEN)) {
 		unsigned long size;
-		int type = sha1_object_info(obj->sha1, &size);
+		int type = sha1_object_info(obj->oid.hash, &size);
 		if (type != obj->type || type <= 0)
 			die("object of unexpected type");
 		obj->flags |= FLAG_WRITTEN;
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
+	obj_buf = lookup_object_buffer(obj);
+	if (!obj_buf)
+		die("Whoops! Cannot find object '%s'", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
+	if (fsck_object(obj, obj_buf->buffer, obj_buf->size, &fsck_options))
 		die("Error in object");
-	if (fsck_walk(obj, check_object, NULL))
-		die("Error on reachable objects of %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	write_cached_object(obj);
+	fsck_options.walk = check_object;
+	if (fsck_walk(obj, NULL, &fsck_options))
+		die("Error on reachable objects of %s", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
+	write_cached_object(obj, obj_buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -211,7 +218,7 @@ static void write_rest(void)
 	unsigned i;
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (obj_list[i].obj)
-			check_object(obj_list[i].obj, OBJ_ANY, NULL);
+			check_object(obj_list[i].obj, OBJ_ANY, NULL, NULL);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -480,7 +487,7 @@ static void unpack_all(void)
 	use(sizeof(struct pack_header));
 
 	if (!quiet)
-		progress = start_progress("Unpacking objects", nr_objects);
+		progress = start_progress(_("Unpacking objects"), nr_objects);
 	obj_list = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(*obj_list));
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		unpack_one(i);
@@ -497,7 +504,7 @@ int cmd_unpack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int i;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -523,7 +530,12 @@ int cmd_unpack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				strict = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
+			if (skip_prefix(arg, "--strict=", &arg)) {
+				strict = 1;
+				fsck_set_msg_types(&fsck_options, arg);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
 				struct pack_header *hdr;
 				char *c;
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index a6a23fa1f3..6cdfd5f730 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
@@ -11,6 +12,9 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
 
 /*
  * Default to not allowing changes to the list of files. The
@@ -29,6 +33,16 @@ static int mark_valid_only;
 static int mark_skip_worktree_only;
 #define MARK_FLAG 1
 #define UNMARK_FLAG 2
+static struct strbuf mtime_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+/* Untracked cache mode */
+enum uc_mode {
+	UC_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
+	UC_DISABLE = 0,
+	UC_ENABLE,
+	UC_TEST,
+	UC_FORCE
+};
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void report(const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -44,6 +58,166 @@ static void report(const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(vp);
 }
 
+static void remove_test_directory(void)
+{
+	if (mtime_dir.len)
+		remove_dir_recursively(&mtime_dir, 0);
+}
+
+static const char *get_mtime_path(const char *path)
+{
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/%s", mtime_dir.buf, path);
+	return sb.buf;
+}
+
+static void xmkdir(const char *path)
+{
+	path = get_mtime_path(path);
+	if (mkdir(path, 0700))
+		die_errno(_("failed to create directory %s"), path);
+}
+
+static int xstat_mtime_dir(struct stat *st)
+{
+	if (stat(mtime_dir.buf, st))
+		die_errno(_("failed to stat %s"), mtime_dir.buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int create_file(const char *path)
+{
+	int fd;
+	path = get_mtime_path(path);
+	fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno(_("failed to create file %s"), path);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+static void xunlink(const char *path)
+{
+	path = get_mtime_path(path);
+	if (unlink(path))
+		die_errno(_("failed to delete file %s"), path);
+}
+
+static void xrmdir(const char *path)
+{
+	path = get_mtime_path(path);
+	if (rmdir(path))
+		die_errno(_("failed to delete directory %s"), path);
+}
+
+static void avoid_racy(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * not use if we could usleep(10) if USE_NSEC is defined. The
+	 * field nsec could be there, but the OS could choose to
+	 * ignore it?
+	 */
+	sleep(1);
+}
+
+static int test_if_untracked_cache_is_supported(void)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct stat_data base;
+	int fd, ret = 0;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&mtime_dir, "mtime-test-XXXXXX");
+	if (!mkdtemp(mtime_dir.buf))
+		die_errno("Could not make temporary directory");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, _("Testing mtime in '%s' "), xgetcwd());
+	atexit(remove_test_directory);
+	xstat_mtime_dir(&st);
+	fill_stat_data(&base, &st);
+	fputc('.', stderr);
+
+	avoid_racy();
+	fd = create_file("newfile");
+	xstat_mtime_dir(&st);
+	if (!match_stat_data(&base, &st)) {
+		close(fd);
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,_("directory stat info does not "
+				    "change after adding a new file"));
+		goto done;
+	}
+	fill_stat_data(&base, &st);
+	fputc('.', stderr);
+
+	avoid_racy();
+	xmkdir("new-dir");
+	xstat_mtime_dir(&st);
+	if (!match_stat_data(&base, &st)) {
+		close(fd);
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("directory stat info does not change "
+				     "after adding a new directory"));
+		goto done;
+	}
+	fill_stat_data(&base, &st);
+	fputc('.', stderr);
+
+	avoid_racy();
+	write_or_die(fd, "data", 4);
+	close(fd);
+	xstat_mtime_dir(&st);
+	if (match_stat_data(&base, &st)) {
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("directory stat info changes "
+				     "after updating a file"));
+		goto done;
+	}
+	fputc('.', stderr);
+
+	avoid_racy();
+	close(create_file("new-dir/new"));
+	xstat_mtime_dir(&st);
+	if (match_stat_data(&base, &st)) {
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("directory stat info changes after "
+				     "adding a file inside subdirectory"));
+		goto done;
+	}
+	fputc('.', stderr);
+
+	avoid_racy();
+	xunlink("newfile");
+	xstat_mtime_dir(&st);
+	if (!match_stat_data(&base, &st)) {
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("directory stat info does not "
+				     "change after deleting a file"));
+		goto done;
+	}
+	fill_stat_data(&base, &st);
+	fputc('.', stderr);
+
+	avoid_racy();
+	xunlink("new-dir/new");
+	xrmdir("new-dir");
+	xstat_mtime_dir(&st);
+	if (!match_stat_data(&base, &st)) {
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("directory stat info does not "
+				     "change after deleting a directory"));
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	if (rmdir(mtime_dir.buf))
+		die_errno(_("failed to delete directory %s"), mtime_dir.buf);
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _(" OK"));
+	ret = 1;
+
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&mtime_dir);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int mark_ce_flags(const char *path, int flag, int mark)
 {
 	int namelen = strlen(path);
@@ -53,8 +227,9 @@ static int mark_ce_flags(const char *path, int flag, int mark)
 			active_cache[pos]->ce_flags |= flag;
 		else
 			active_cache[pos]->ce_flags &= ~flag;
-		cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
-		active_cache_changed = 1;
+		active_cache[pos]->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+		cache_tree_invalidate_path(&the_index, path);
+		active_cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return -1;
@@ -80,10 +255,10 @@ static int process_lstat_error(const char *path, int err)
 {
 	if (err == ENOENT || err == ENOTDIR)
 		return remove_one_path(path);
-	return error("lstat(\"%s\"): %s", path, strerror(errno));
+	return error("lstat(\"%s\"): %s", path, strerror(err));
 }
 
-static int add_one_path(struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
+static int add_one_path(const struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 {
 	int option, size;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
@@ -95,7 +270,8 @@ static int add_one_path(struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, stru
 	size = cache_entry_size(len);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = len;
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	fill_stat_cache_info(ce, st);
 	ce->ce_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(old, st->st_mode);
 
@@ -141,7 +317,7 @@ static int process_directory(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 
 	/* Exact match: file or existing gitlink */
 	if (pos >= 0) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
 
 			/* Do nothing to the index if there is no HEAD! */
@@ -157,7 +333,7 @@ static int process_directory(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 	/* Inexact match: is there perhaps a subdirectory match? */
 	pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
 
 		if (strncmp(ce->name, path, len))
 			break;
@@ -182,7 +358,7 @@ static int process_path(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos, len;
 	struct stat st;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
 	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
@@ -211,12 +387,6 @@ static int process_path(const char *path)
 	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
 		return process_directory(path, len, &st);
 
-	/*
-	 * Process a regular file
-	 */
-	if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
-		return error("%s is already a gitlink, not replacing", path);
-
 	return add_one_path(ce, path, len, &st);
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +405,8 @@ static int add_cacheinfo(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	if (assume_unchanged)
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
@@ -269,52 +440,51 @@ static void chmod_path(int flip, const char *path)
 	default:
 		goto fail;
 	}
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
-	active_cache_changed = 1;
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(&the_index, path);
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+	active_cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 	report("chmod %cx '%s'", flip, path);
 	return;
  fail:
 	die("git update-index: cannot chmod %cx '%s'", flip, path);
 }
 
-static void update_one(const char *path, const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
+static void update_one(const char *path)
 {
-	const char *p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
-	if (!verify_path(p)) {
+	if (!verify_path(path)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring path %s\n", path);
-		goto free_return;
+		return;
 	}
 	if (mark_valid_only) {
-		if (mark_ce_flags(p, CE_VALID, mark_valid_only == MARK_FLAG))
+		if (mark_ce_flags(path, CE_VALID, mark_valid_only == MARK_FLAG))
 			die("Unable to mark file %s", path);
-		goto free_return;
+		return;
 	}
 	if (mark_skip_worktree_only) {
-		if (mark_ce_flags(p, CE_SKIP_WORKTREE, mark_skip_worktree_only == MARK_FLAG))
+		if (mark_ce_flags(path, CE_SKIP_WORKTREE, mark_skip_worktree_only == MARK_FLAG))
 			die("Unable to mark file %s", path);
-		goto free_return;
+		return;
 	}
 
 	if (force_remove) {
-		if (remove_file_from_cache(p))
+		if (remove_file_from_cache(path))
 			die("git update-index: unable to remove %s", path);
 		report("remove '%s'", path);
-		goto free_return;
+		return;
 	}
-	if (process_path(p))
+	if (process_path(path))
 		die("Unable to process path %s", path);
 	report("add '%s'", path);
- free_return:
-	if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
-		free((char *)p);
 }
 
-static void read_index_info(int line_termination)
+static void read_index_info(int nul_term_line)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn;
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+	getline_fn = nul_term_line ? strbuf_getline_nul : strbuf_getline_lf;
+	while (getline_fn(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
 		char *ptr, *tab;
 		char *path_name;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -363,7 +533,7 @@ static void read_index_info(int line_termination)
 			goto bad_line;
 
 		path_name = ptr;
-		if (line_termination && path_name[0] == '"') {
+		if (!nul_term_line && path_name[0] == '"') {
 			strbuf_reset(&uq);
 			if (unquote_c_style(&uq, path_name, NULL)) {
 				die("git update-index: bad quoting of path name");
@@ -402,7 +572,7 @@ static void read_index_info(int line_termination)
 }
 
 static const char * const update_index_usage[] = {
-	"git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -433,7 +603,8 @@ static struct cache_entry *read_one_ent(const char *which,
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(namelen, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	return ce;
 }
@@ -451,7 +622,7 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
 		/* already merged */
 		pos = unmerge_cache_entry_at(pos);
 		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 			if (ce_stage(ce) &&
 			    ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
 			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen))
@@ -465,7 +636,7 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
 		 */
 		pos = -pos-1;
 		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 			if (ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
 			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen)) {
 				fprintf(stderr,
@@ -533,10 +704,9 @@ static int do_unresolve(int ac, const char **av,
 
 	for (i = 1; i < ac; i++) {
 		const char *arg = av[i];
-		const char *p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
+		char *p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
 		err |= unresolve_one(p);
-		if (p < arg || p > arg + strlen(arg))
-			free((char *)p);
+		free(p);
 	}
 	return err;
 }
@@ -549,10 +719,11 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 	 */
 	int pos;
 	int has_head = 1;
-	const char **paths = get_pathspec(prefix, av + 1);
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, av + 1);
 
 	if (read_ref("HEAD", head_sha1))
 		/* If there is no HEAD, that means it is an initial
@@ -561,11 +732,12 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 		has_head = 0;
  redo:
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		struct cache_entry *old = NULL;
 		int save_nr;
+		char *path;
 
-		if (ce_stage(ce) || !ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (ce_stage(ce) || !ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		if (has_head)
 			old = read_one_ent(NULL, head_sha1,
@@ -580,11 +752,14 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 		 * or worse yet 'allow_replace', active_nr may decrease.
 		 */
 		save_nr = active_nr;
-		update_one(ce->name + prefix_length, prefix, prefix_length);
+		path = xstrdup(ce->name);
+		update_one(path);
+		free(path);
+		free(old);
 		if (save_nr != active_nr)
 			goto redo;
 	}
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
+	clear_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -596,6 +771,7 @@ struct refresh_params {
 static int refresh(struct refresh_params *o, unsigned int flag)
 {
 	setup_work_tree();
+	read_cache_preload(NULL);
 	*o->has_errors |= refresh_cache(o->flags | flag);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -629,14 +805,45 @@ static int resolve_undo_clear_callback(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int parse_new_style_cacheinfo(const char *arg,
+				     unsigned int *mode,
+				     unsigned char sha1[],
+				     const char **path)
+{
+	unsigned long ul;
+	char *endp;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	ul = strtoul(arg, &endp, 8);
+	if (errno || endp == arg || *endp != ',' || (unsigned int) ul != ul)
+		return -1; /* not a new-style cacheinfo */
+	*mode = ul;
+	endp++;
+	if (get_sha1_hex(endp, sha1) || endp[40] != ',')
+		return -1;
+	*path = endp + 41;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int cacheinfo_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 				const struct option *opt, int unset)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	unsigned int mode;
+	const char *path;
 
+	if (!parse_new_style_cacheinfo(ctx->argv[1], &mode, sha1, &path)) {
+		if (add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, path, 0))
+			die("git update-index: --cacheinfo cannot add %s", path);
+		ctx->argv++;
+		ctx->argc--;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (ctx->argc <= 3)
-		return error("option 'cacheinfo' expects three arguments");
+		return error("option 'cacheinfo' expects <mode>,<sha1>,<path>");
 	if (strtoul_ui(*++ctx->argv, 8, &mode) ||
 	    get_sha1_hex(*++ctx->argv, sha1) ||
 	    add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, *++ctx->argv, 0))
@@ -648,12 +855,12 @@ static int cacheinfo_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 static int stdin_cacheinfo_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			      const struct option *opt, int unset)
 {
-	int *line_termination = opt->value;
+	int *nul_term_line = opt->value;
 
 	if (ctx->argc != 1)
 		return error("option '%s' must be the last argument", opt->long_name);
 	allow_add = allow_replace = allow_remove = 1;
-	read_index_info(*line_termination);
+	read_index_info(*nul_term_line);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -705,97 +912,111 @@ static int reupdate_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 
 int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, line_termination = '\n';
+	int newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, nul_term_line = 0;
+	enum uc_mode untracked_cache = UC_UNSPECIFIED;
 	int read_from_stdin = 0;
 	int prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	int preferred_index_format = 0;
 	char set_executable_bit = 0;
 	struct refresh_params refresh_args = {0, &has_errors};
 	int lock_error = 0;
+	int split_index = -1;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file;
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
+	strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn;
 	int parseopt_state = PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('q', NULL, &refresh_args.flags,
-			"continue refresh even when index needs update",
+			N_("continue refresh even when index needs update"),
 			REFRESH_QUIET),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-submodules", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"refresh: ignore submodules",
+			N_("refresh: ignore submodules"),
 			REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "add", &allow_add,
-			"do not ignore new files", 1),
+			N_("do not ignore new files"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "replace", &allow_replace,
-			"let files replace directories and vice-versa", 1),
+			N_("let files replace directories and vice-versa"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "remove", &allow_remove,
-			"notice files missing from worktree", 1),
+			N_("notice files missing from worktree"), 1),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "unmerged", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"refresh even if index contains unmerged entries",
+			N_("refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"),
 			REFRESH_UNMERGED),
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
-			"refresh stat information",
+			N_("refresh stat information"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			refresh_callback},
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "really-refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
-			"like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting",
+			N_("like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			really_refresh_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "cacheinfo", NULL,
-			"<mode> <object> <path>",
-			"add the specified entry to the index",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG |	/* disallow --cacheinfo=<mode> form */
+			N_("<mode>,<object>,<path>"),
+			N_("add the specified entry to the index"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | /* disallow --cacheinfo=<mode> form */
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) cacheinfo_callback},
-		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "chmod", &set_executable_bit, "(+/-)x",
-			"override the executable bit of the listed files",
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "chmod", &set_executable_bit, N_("(+/-)x"),
+			N_("override the executable bit of the listed files"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			chmod_callback},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
-			"mark files as \"not changing\"",
+			N_("mark files as \"not changing\""),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
-			"clear assumed-unchanged bit",
+			N_("clear assumed-unchanged bit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
-			"mark files as \"index-only\"",
+			N_("mark files as \"index-only\""),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
-			"clear skip-worktree bit",
+			N_("clear skip-worktree bit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "info-only", &info_only,
-			"add to index only; do not add content to object database", 1),
+			N_("add to index only; do not add content to object database"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "force-remove", &force_remove,
-			"remove named paths even if present in worktree", 1),
-		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
-			"with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes", '\0'),
+			N_("remove named paths even if present in worktree"), 1),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+			 N_("with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes")),
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin, NULL,
-			"read list of paths to be updated from standard input",
+			N_("read list of paths to be updated from standard input"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_callback},
-		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "index-info", &line_termination, NULL,
-			"add entries from standard input to the index",
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "index-info", &nul_term_line, NULL,
+			N_("add entries from standard input to the index"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_cacheinfo_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "unresolve", &has_errors, NULL,
-			"repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths",
+			N_("repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) unresolve_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 'g', "again", &has_errors, NULL,
-			"only update entries that differ from HEAD",
+			N_("only update entries that differ from HEAD"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) reupdate_callback},
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"ignore files missing from worktree",
+			N_("ignore files missing from worktree"),
 			REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "verbose", &verbose,
-			"report actions to standard output", 1),
+			N_("report actions to standard output"), 1),
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "clear-resolve-undo", NULL, NULL,
-			"(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts",
+			N_("(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			resolve_undo_clear_callback},
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "index-version", &preferred_index_format,
+			N_("write index in this format")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "split-index", &split_index,
+			N_("enable or disable split index")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "untracked-cache", &untracked_cache,
+			N_("enable/disable untracked cache")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "test-untracked-cache", &untracked_cache,
+			    N_("test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"), UC_TEST),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "force-untracked-cache", &untracked_cache,
+			    N_("enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"), UC_FORCE),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage(update_index_usage[0]);
+		usage_with_options(update_index_usage, options);
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -829,15 +1050,14 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
 		{
 			const char *path = ctx.argv[0];
-			const char *p;
+			char *p;
 
 			setup_work_tree();
 			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
-			update_one(p, NULL, 0);
+			update_one(p);
 			if (set_executable_bit)
 				chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
-			if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
-				free((char *)p);
+			free(p);
 			ctx.argc--;
 			ctx.argv++;
 			break;
@@ -852,37 +1072,90 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
 
+	getline_fn = nul_term_line ? strbuf_getline_nul : strbuf_getline_lf;
+	if (preferred_index_format) {
+		if (preferred_index_format < INDEX_FORMAT_LB ||
+		    INDEX_FORMAT_UB < preferred_index_format)
+			die("index-version %d not in range: %d..%d",
+			    preferred_index_format,
+			    INDEX_FORMAT_LB, INDEX_FORMAT_UB);
+
+		if (the_index.version != preferred_index_format)
+			active_cache_changed |= SOMETHING_CHANGED;
+		the_index.version = preferred_index_format;
+	}
+
 	if (read_from_stdin) {
-		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf unquoted = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		setup_work_tree();
-		while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
-			const char *p;
-			if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
-				strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
-				if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+		while (getline_fn(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+			char *p;
+			if (!nul_term_line && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+				strbuf_reset(&unquoted);
+				if (unquote_c_style(&unquoted, buf.buf, NULL))
 					die("line is badly quoted");
-				strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+				strbuf_swap(&buf, &unquoted);
 			}
 			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, buf.buf);
-			update_one(p, NULL, 0);
+			update_one(p);
 			if (set_executable_bit)
 				chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
-			if (p < buf.buf || p > buf.buf + buf.len)
-				free((char *)p);
+			free(p);
 		}
-		strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+		strbuf_release(&unquoted);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
+	if (split_index > 0) {
+		init_split_index(&the_index);
+		the_index.cache_changed |= SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED;
+	} else if (!split_index && the_index.split_index) {
+		/*
+		 * can't discard_split_index(&the_index); because that
+		 * will destroy split_index->base->cache[], which may
+		 * be shared with the_index.cache[]. So yeah we're
+		 * leaking a bit here.
+		 */
+		the_index.split_index = NULL;
+		the_index.cache_changed |= SOMETHING_CHANGED;
+	}
+
+	switch (untracked_cache) {
+	case UC_UNSPECIFIED:
+		break;
+	case UC_DISABLE:
+		if (git_config_get_untracked_cache() == 1)
+			warning("core.untrackedCache is set to true; "
+				"remove or change it, if you really want to "
+				"disable the untracked cache");
+		remove_untracked_cache(&the_index);
+		report(_("Untracked cache disabled"));
+		break;
+	case UC_TEST:
+		setup_work_tree();
+		return !test_if_untracked_cache_is_supported();
+	case UC_ENABLE:
+	case UC_FORCE:
+		if (git_config_get_untracked_cache() == 0)
+			warning("core.untrackedCache is set to false; "
+				"remove or change it, if you really want to "
+				"enable the untracked cache");
+		add_untracked_cache(&the_index);
+		report(_("Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"), get_git_work_tree());
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("Bug: bad untracked_cache value: %d", untracked_cache);
+	}
+
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
 		if (newfd < 0) {
 			if (refresh_args.flags & REFRESH_QUIET)
 				exit(128);
-			unable_to_lock_index_die(get_index_file(), lock_error);
+			unable_to_lock_die(get_index_file(), lock_error);
 		}
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die("Unable to write new index file");
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-ref.c b/builtin/update-ref.c
index 835c62ab15..7f30d3a76f 100644
--- a/builtin/update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/update-ref.c
@@ -2,23 +2,370 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const git_update_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]",
-	"git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]",
+	N_("git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"),
+	N_("git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"),
+	N_("git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static char line_termination = '\n';
+static int update_flags;
+static unsigned create_reflog_flag;
+static const char *msg;
+
+/*
+ * Parse one whitespace- or NUL-terminated, possibly C-quoted argument
+ * and append the result to arg.  Return a pointer to the terminator.
+ * Die if there is an error in how the argument is C-quoted.  This
+ * function is only used if not -z.
+ */
+static const char *parse_arg(const char *next, struct strbuf *arg)
+{
+	if (*next == '"') {
+		const char *orig = next;
+
+		if (unquote_c_style(arg, next, &next))
+			die("badly quoted argument: %s", orig);
+		if (*next && !isspace(*next))
+			die("unexpected character after quoted argument: %s", orig);
+	} else {
+		while (*next && !isspace(*next))
+			strbuf_addch(arg, *next++);
+	}
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the reference name immediately after "command SP".  If not
+ * -z, then handle C-quoting.  Return a pointer to a newly allocated
+ * string containing the name of the reference, or NULL if there was
+ * an error.  Update *next to point at the character that terminates
+ * the argument.  Die if C-quoting is malformed or the reference name
+ * is invalid.
+ */
+static char *parse_refname(struct strbuf *input, const char **next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (line_termination) {
+		/* Without -z, use the next argument */
+		*next = parse_arg(*next, &ref);
+	} else {
+		/* With -z, use everything up to the next NUL */
+		strbuf_addstr(&ref, *next);
+		*next += ref.len;
+	}
+
+	if (!ref.len) {
+		strbuf_release(&ref);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (check_refname_format(ref.buf, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		die("invalid ref format: %s", ref.buf);
+
+	return strbuf_detach(&ref, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The value being parsed is <oldvalue> (as opposed to <newvalue>; the
+ * difference affects which error messages are generated):
+ */
+#define PARSE_SHA1_OLD 0x01
+
+/*
+ * For backwards compatibility, accept an empty string for update's
+ * <newvalue> in binary mode to be equivalent to specifying zeros.
+ */
+#define PARSE_SHA1_ALLOW_EMPTY 0x02
+
+/*
+ * Parse an argument separator followed by the next argument, if any.
+ * If there is an argument, convert it to a SHA-1, write it to sha1,
+ * set *next to point at the character terminating the argument, and
+ * return 0.  If there is no argument at all (not even the empty
+ * string), return 1 and leave *next unchanged.  If the value is
+ * provided but cannot be converted to a SHA-1, die.  flags can
+ * include PARSE_SHA1_OLD and/or PARSE_SHA1_ALLOW_EMPTY.
+ */
+static int parse_next_sha1(struct strbuf *input, const char **next,
+			   unsigned char *sha1,
+			   const char *command, const char *refname,
+			   int flags)
+{
+	struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (*next == input->buf + input->len)
+		goto eof;
+
+	if (line_termination) {
+		/* Without -z, consume SP and use next argument */
+		if (!**next || **next == line_termination)
+			return 1;
+		if (**next != ' ')
+			die("%s %s: expected SP but got: %s",
+			    command, refname, *next);
+		(*next)++;
+		*next = parse_arg(*next, &arg);
+		if (arg.len) {
+			if (get_sha1(arg.buf, sha1))
+				goto invalid;
+		} else {
+			/* Without -z, an empty value means all zeros: */
+			hashclr(sha1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* With -z, read the next NUL-terminated line */
+		if (**next)
+			die("%s %s: expected NUL but got: %s",
+			    command, refname, *next);
+		(*next)++;
+		if (*next == input->buf + input->len)
+			goto eof;
+		strbuf_addstr(&arg, *next);
+		*next += arg.len;
+
+		if (arg.len) {
+			if (get_sha1(arg.buf, sha1))
+				goto invalid;
+		} else if (flags & PARSE_SHA1_ALLOW_EMPTY) {
+			/* With -z, treat an empty value as all zeros: */
+			warning("%s %s: missing <newvalue>, treating as zero",
+				command, refname);
+			hashclr(sha1);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * With -z, an empty non-required value means
+			 * unspecified:
+			 */
+			ret = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&arg);
+
+	return ret;
+
+ invalid:
+	die(flags & PARSE_SHA1_OLD ?
+	    "%s %s: invalid <oldvalue>: %s" :
+	    "%s %s: invalid <newvalue>: %s",
+	    command, refname, arg.buf);
+
+ eof:
+	die(flags & PARSE_SHA1_OLD ?
+	    "%s %s: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" :
+	    "%s %s: unexpected end of input when reading <newvalue>",
+	    command, refname);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * The following five parse_cmd_*() functions parse the corresponding
+ * command.  In each case, next points at the character following the
+ * command name and the following space.  They each return a pointer
+ * to the character terminating the command, and die with an
+ * explanatory message if there are any parsing problems.  All of
+ * these functions handle either text or binary format input,
+ * depending on how line_termination is set.
+ */
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				    struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	int have_old;
+
+	refname = parse_refname(input, &next);
+	if (!refname)
+		die("update: missing <ref>");
+
+	if (parse_next_sha1(input, &next, new_sha1, "update", refname,
+			    PARSE_SHA1_ALLOW_EMPTY))
+		die("update %s: missing <newvalue>", refname);
+
+	have_old = !parse_next_sha1(input, &next, old_sha1, "update", refname,
+				    PARSE_SHA1_OLD);
+
+	if (*next != line_termination)
+		die("update %s: extra input: %s", refname, next);
+
+	if (ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname,
+				   new_sha1, have_old ? old_sha1 : NULL,
+				   update_flags | create_reflog_flag,
+				   msg, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	update_flags = 0;
+	free(refname);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_create(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				    struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+
+	refname = parse_refname(input, &next);
+	if (!refname)
+		die("create: missing <ref>");
+
+	if (parse_next_sha1(input, &next, new_sha1, "create", refname, 0))
+		die("create %s: missing <newvalue>", refname);
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(new_sha1))
+		die("create %s: zero <newvalue>", refname);
+
+	if (*next != line_termination)
+		die("create %s: extra input: %s", refname, next);
+
+	if (ref_transaction_create(transaction, refname, new_sha1,
+				   update_flags | create_reflog_flag,
+				   msg, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	update_flags = 0;
+	free(refname);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_delete(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				    struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	int have_old;
+
+	refname = parse_refname(input, &next);
+	if (!refname)
+		die("delete: missing <ref>");
+
+	if (parse_next_sha1(input, &next, old_sha1, "delete", refname,
+			    PARSE_SHA1_OLD)) {
+		have_old = 0;
+	} else {
+		if (is_null_sha1(old_sha1))
+			die("delete %s: zero <oldvalue>", refname);
+		have_old = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (*next != line_termination)
+		die("delete %s: extra input: %s", refname, next);
+
+	if (ref_transaction_delete(transaction, refname,
+				   have_old ? old_sha1 : NULL,
+				   update_flags, msg, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	update_flags = 0;
+	free(refname);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_verify(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				    struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+
+	refname = parse_refname(input, &next);
+	if (!refname)
+		die("verify: missing <ref>");
+
+	if (parse_next_sha1(input, &next, old_sha1, "verify", refname,
+			    PARSE_SHA1_OLD))
+		hashclr(old_sha1);
+
+	if (*next != line_termination)
+		die("verify %s: extra input: %s", refname, next);
+
+	if (ref_transaction_verify(transaction, refname, old_sha1,
+				   update_flags, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	update_flags = 0;
+	free(refname);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_option(struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	if (!strncmp(next, "no-deref", 8) && next[8] == line_termination)
+		update_flags |= REF_NODEREF;
+	else
+		die("option unknown: %s", next);
+	return next + 8;
+}
+
+static void update_refs_stdin(struct ref_transaction *transaction)
+{
+	struct strbuf input = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *next;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&input, 0, 1000) < 0)
+		die_errno("could not read from stdin");
+	next = input.buf;
+	/* Read each line dispatch its command */
+	while (next < input.buf + input.len) {
+		if (*next == line_termination)
+			die("empty command in input");
+		else if (isspace(*next))
+			die("whitespace before command: %s", next);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "update "))
+			next = parse_cmd_update(transaction, &input, next + 7);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "create "))
+			next = parse_cmd_create(transaction, &input, next + 7);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "delete "))
+			next = parse_cmd_delete(transaction, &input, next + 7);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "verify "))
+			next = parse_cmd_verify(transaction, &input, next + 7);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "option "))
+			next = parse_cmd_option(&input, next + 7);
+		else
+			die("unknown command: %s", next);
+
+		next++;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&input);
+}
+
 int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *refname, *oldval, *msg = NULL;
+	const char *refname, *oldval;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], oldsha1[20];
-	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, flags = 0;
+	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, read_stdin = 0, end_null = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
+	int create_reflog = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "deletes the reference"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
-					"update <refname> not the one it points to"),
+		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete the reference")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
+					N_("update <refname> not the one it points to")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &end_null, N_("stdin has NUL-terminated arguments")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "stdin", &read_stdin, N_("read updates from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "create-reflog", &create_reflog, N_("create a reflog")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -28,6 +375,30 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (msg && !*msg)
 		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message.");
 
+	create_reflog_flag = create_reflog ? REF_FORCE_CREATE_REFLOG : 0;
+
+	if (read_stdin) {
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction)
+			die("%s", err.buf);
+		if (delete || no_deref || argc > 0)
+			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+		if (end_null)
+			line_termination = '\0';
+		update_refs_stdin(transaction);
+		if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+			die("%s", err.buf);
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (end_null)
+		usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+
 	if (delete) {
 		if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
 			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
@@ -44,15 +415,29 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			die("%s: not a valid SHA1", value);
 	}
 
-	hashclr(oldsha1); /* all-zero hash in case oldval is the empty string */
-	if (oldval && *oldval && get_sha1(oldval, oldsha1))
-		die("%s: not a valid old SHA1", oldval);
+	if (oldval) {
+		if (!*oldval)
+			/*
+			 * The empty string implies that the reference
+			 * must not already exist:
+			 */
+			hashclr(oldsha1);
+		else if (get_sha1(oldval, oldsha1))
+			die("%s: not a valid old SHA1", oldval);
+	}
 
 	if (no_deref)
 		flags = REF_NODEREF;
 	if (delete)
-		return delete_ref(refname, oldval ? oldsha1 : NULL, flags);
+		/*
+		 * For purposes of backwards compatibility, we treat
+		 * NULL_SHA1 as "don't care" here:
+		 */
+		return delete_ref(refname,
+				  (oldval && !is_null_sha1(oldsha1)) ? oldsha1 : NULL,
+				  flags);
 	else
 		return update_ref(msg, refname, sha1, oldval ? oldsha1 : NULL,
-				  flags, DIE_ON_ERR);
+				  flags | create_reflog_flag,
+				  UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/update-server-info.c b/builtin/update-server-info.c
index b90dce6358..6c8cc3edc1 100644
--- a/builtin/update-server-info.c
+++ b/builtin/update-server-info.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const update_server_info_usage[] = {
-	"git update-server-info [--force]",
+	N_("git update-server-info [--force]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ int cmd_update_server_info(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int force = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "update the info files from scratch"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("update the info files from scratch")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
 			     update_server_info_usage, 0);
 	if (argc > 0)
diff --git a/builtin/upload-archive.c b/builtin/upload-archive.c
index b928beb8ed..2caedf1849 100644
--- a/builtin/upload-archive.c
+++ b/builtin/upload-archive.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char upload_archive_usage[] =
 	"git upload-archive <repo>";
@@ -18,65 +19,44 @@ static const char deadchild[] =
 
 int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *sent_argv[MAX_ARGS];
+	struct argv_array sent_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	const char *arg_cmd = "argument ";
-	char *p, buf[4096];
-	int sent_argc;
-	int len;
 
 	if (argc != 2)
 		usage(upload_archive_usage);
 
-	if (strlen(argv[1]) + 1 > sizeof(buf))
-		die("insanely long repository name");
-
-	strcpy(buf, argv[1]); /* enter-repo smudges its argument */
-
-	if (!enter_repo(buf, 0))
-		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", buf);
+	if (!enter_repo(argv[1], 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", argv[1]);
 
 	/* put received options in sent_argv[] */
-	sent_argc = 1;
-	sent_argv[0] = "git-upload-archive";
-	for (p = buf;;) {
-		/* This will die if not enough free space in buf */
-		len = packet_read_line(0, p, (buf + sizeof buf) - p);
-		if (len == 0)
+	argv_array_push(&sent_argv, "git-upload-archive");
+	for (;;) {
+		char *buf = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+		if (!buf)
 			break;	/* got a flush */
-		if (sent_argc > MAX_ARGS - 2)
-			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 2);
+		if (sent_argv.argc > MAX_ARGS)
+			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 1);
 
-		if (p[len-1] == '\n') {
-			p[--len] = 0;
-		}
-		if (len < strlen(arg_cmd) ||
-		    strncmp(arg_cmd, p, strlen(arg_cmd)))
+		if (!starts_with(buf, arg_cmd))
 			die("'argument' token or flush expected");
-
-		len -= strlen(arg_cmd);
-		memmove(p, p + strlen(arg_cmd), len);
-		sent_argv[sent_argc++] = p;
-		p += len;
-		*p++ = 0;
+		argv_array_push(&sent_argv, buf + strlen(arg_cmd));
 	}
-	sent_argv[sent_argc] = NULL;
 
 	/* parse all options sent by the client */
-	return write_archive(sent_argc, sent_argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
+	return write_archive(sent_argv.argc, sent_argv.argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void error_clnt(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	char buf[1024];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	va_list params;
-	int len;
 
 	va_start(params, fmt);
-	len = vsprintf(buf, fmt, params);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, params);
 	va_end(params);
-	send_sideband(1, 3, buf, len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-	die("sent error to the client: %s", buf);
+	send_sideband(1, 3, buf.buf, buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+	die("sent error to the client: %s", buf.buf);
 }
 
 static ssize_t process_input(int child_fd, int band)
@@ -124,8 +104,7 @@ int cmd_upload_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		pfd[1].events = POLLIN;
 		if (poll(pfd, 2, -1) < 0) {
 			if (errno != EINTR) {
-				error("poll failed resuming: %s",
-				      strerror(errno));
+				error_errno("poll failed resuming");
 				sleep(1);
 			}
 			continue;
diff --git a/builtin/var.c b/builtin/var.c
index 99d068a532..aedbb53a2d 100644
--- a/builtin/var.c
+++ b/builtin/var.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ static const char *editor(int flag)
 {
 	const char *pgm = git_editor();
 
-	if (!pgm && flag & IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME)
+	if (!pgm && flag & IDENT_STRICT)
 		die("Terminal is dumb, but EDITOR unset");
 
 	return pgm;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static const char *read_var(const char *var)
 	val = NULL;
 	for (ptr = git_vars; ptr->read; ptr++) {
 		if (strcmp(var, ptr->name) == 0) {
-			val = ptr->read(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+			val = ptr->read(IDENT_STRICT);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/verify-commit.c b/builtin/verify-commit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38bedf8f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/verify-commit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git commit-commit"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net>
+ *
+ * Based on git-verify-tag
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include <signal.h>
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+
+static const char * const verify_commit_usage[] = {
+		N_("git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."),
+		NULL
+};
+
+static int run_gpg_verify(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct signature_check signature_check;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
+
+	ret = check_commit_signature(lookup_commit(sha1), &signature_check);
+	print_signature_buffer(&signature_check, flags);
+
+	signature_check_clear(&signature_check);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int verify_commit(const char *name, unsigned flags)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+		return error("commit '%s' not found.", name);
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("%s: unable to read file.", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return error("%s: cannot verify a non-commit object of type %s.",
+				name, typename(type));
+
+	ret = run_gpg_verify(sha1, buf, size, flags);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int git_verify_commit_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	int status = git_gpg_config(var, value, cb);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+int cmd_verify_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i = 1, verbose = 0, had_error = 0;
+	unsigned flags = 0;
+	const struct option verify_commit_options[] = {
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("print commit contents")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "raw", &flags, N_("print raw gpg status output"), GPG_VERIFY_RAW),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_verify_commit_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, verify_commit_options,
+			     verify_commit_usage, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	if (argc <= i)
+		usage_with_options(verify_commit_usage, verify_commit_options);
+
+	if (verbose)
+		flags |= GPG_VERIFY_VERBOSE;
+
+	/* sometimes the program was terminated because this signal
+	 * was received in the process of writing the gpg input: */
+	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+	while (i < argc)
+		if (verify_commit(argv[i++], flags))
+			had_error = 1;
+	return had_error;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/verify-pack.c b/builtin/verify-pack.c
index e841b4a38d..c94e156932 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-pack.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags)
 {
-	struct child_process index_pack;
+	struct child_process index_pack = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = {"index-pack", NULL, NULL, NULL };
 	struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int verbose = flags & VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE;
@@ -27,13 +27,11 @@ static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags)
 	 * normalize these forms to "foo.pack" for "index-pack --verify".
 	 */
 	strbuf_addstr(&arg, path);
-	if (has_extension(arg.buf, ".idx"))
-		strbuf_splice(&arg, arg.len - 3, 3, "pack", 4);
-	else if (!has_extension(arg.buf, ".pack"))
-		strbuf_add(&arg, ".pack", 5);
+	if (strbuf_strip_suffix(&arg, ".idx") ||
+	    !ends_with(arg.buf, ".pack"))
+		strbuf_addstr(&arg, ".pack");
 	argv[2] = arg.buf;
 
-	memset(&index_pack, 0, sizeof(index_pack));
 	index_pack.argv = argv;
 	index_pack.git_cmd = 1;
 
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags)
 }
 
 static const char * const verify_pack_usage[] = {
-	"git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>...",
+	N_("git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -63,9 +61,9 @@ int cmd_verify_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	int i;
 	const struct option verify_pack_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, "verbose",
+		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, N_("verbose"),
 			VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE),
-		OPT_BIT('s', "stat-only", &flags, "show statistics only",
+		OPT_BIT('s', "stat-only", &flags, N_("show statistics only"),
 			VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/verify-tag.c b/builtin/verify-tag.c
index 28c2174338..99f8148cf7 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-tag.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-tag.c
@@ -14,70 +14,45 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 static const char * const verify_tag_usage[] = {
-		"git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>...",
+		N_("git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."),
 		NULL
 };
 
-static int run_gpg_verify(const char *buf, unsigned long size, int verbose)
+static int git_verify_tag_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	int len;
-
-	len = parse_signature(buf, size);
-	if (verbose)
-		write_in_full(1, buf, len);
-
-	if (size == len)
-		return error("no signature found");
-
-	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL);
-}
-
-static int verify_tag(const char *name, int verbose)
-{
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char *buf;
-	unsigned long size;
-	int ret;
-
-	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
-		return error("tag '%s' not found.", name);
-
-	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
-	if (type != OBJ_TAG)
-		return error("%s: cannot verify a non-tag object of type %s.",
-				name, typename(type));
-
-	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-	if (!buf)
-		return error("%s: unable to read file.", name);
-
-	ret = run_gpg_verify(buf, size, verbose);
-
-	free(buf);
-	return ret;
+	int status = git_gpg_config(var, value, cb);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
 int cmd_verify_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i = 1, verbose = 0, had_error = 0;
+	unsigned flags = 0;
 	const struct option verify_tag_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "print tag contents"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("print tag contents")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "raw", &flags, N_("print raw gpg status output"), GPG_VERIFY_RAW),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
-	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	git_config(git_verify_tag_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, verify_tag_options,
 			     verify_tag_usage, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 	if (argc <= i)
 		usage_with_options(verify_tag_usage, verify_tag_options);
 
-	/* sometimes the program was terminated because this signal
-	 * was received in the process of writing the gpg input: */
-	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
-	while (i < argc)
-		if (verify_tag(argv[i++], verbose))
+	if (verbose)
+		flags |= GPG_VERIFY_VERBOSE;
+
+	while (i < argc) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name = argv[i++];
+		if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+			had_error = !!error("tag '%s' not found.", name);
+		else if (gpg_verify_tag(sha1, name, flags))
 			had_error = 1;
+	}
 	return had_error;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/worktree.c b/builtin/worktree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e866844685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/worktree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
+
+static const char * const worktree_usage[] = {
+	N_("git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"),
+	N_("git worktree list [<options>]"),
+	N_("git worktree prune [<options>]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+struct add_opts {
+	int force;
+	int detach;
+	int checkout;
+	const char *new_branch;
+	int force_new_branch;
+};
+
+static int show_only;
+static int verbose;
+static unsigned long expire;
+
+static int prune_worktree(const char *id, struct strbuf *reason)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	char *path;
+	int fd, len;
+
+	if (!is_directory(git_path("worktrees/%s", id))) {
+		strbuf_addf(reason, _("Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"), id);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (file_exists(git_path("worktrees/%s/locked", id)))
+		return 0;
+	if (stat(git_path("worktrees/%s/gitdir", id), &st)) {
+		strbuf_addf(reason, _("Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"), id);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	fd = open(git_path("worktrees/%s/gitdir", id), O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		strbuf_addf(reason, _("Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"),
+			    id, strerror(errno));
+		return 1;
+	}
+	len = st.st_size;
+	path = xmallocz(len);
+	read_in_full(fd, path, len);
+	close(fd);
+	while (len && (path[len - 1] == '\n' || path[len - 1] == '\r'))
+		len--;
+	if (!len) {
+		strbuf_addf(reason, _("Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"), id);
+		free(path);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	path[len] = '\0';
+	if (!file_exists(path)) {
+		struct stat st_link;
+		free(path);
+		/*
+		 * the repo is moved manually and has not been
+		 * accessed since?
+		 */
+		if (!stat(git_path("worktrees/%s/link", id), &st_link) &&
+		    st_link.st_nlink > 1)
+			return 0;
+		if (st.st_mtime <= expire) {
+			strbuf_addf(reason, _("Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"), id);
+			return 1;
+		} else {
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	free(path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void prune_worktrees(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf reason = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("worktrees"));
+	struct dirent *d;
+	int ret;
+	if (!dir)
+		return;
+	while ((d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(d->d_name))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_reset(&reason);
+		if (!prune_worktree(d->d_name, &reason))
+			continue;
+		if (show_only || verbose)
+			printf("%s\n", reason.buf);
+		if (show_only)
+			continue;
+		strbuf_reset(&path);
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, git_path("worktrees/%s", d->d_name));
+		ret = remove_dir_recursively(&path, 0);
+		if (ret < 0 && errno == ENOTDIR)
+			ret = unlink(path.buf);
+		if (ret)
+			error_errno(_("failed to remove '%s'"), path.buf);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+	if (!show_only)
+		rmdir(git_path("worktrees"));
+	strbuf_release(&reason);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+}
+
+static int prune(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("do not remove, show only")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report pruned objects")),
+		OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
+				N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	expire = ULONG_MAX;
+	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, options, worktree_usage, 0);
+	if (ac)
+		usage_with_options(worktree_usage, options);
+	prune_worktrees();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *junk_work_tree;
+static char *junk_git_dir;
+static int is_junk;
+static pid_t junk_pid;
+
+static void remove_junk(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (!is_junk || getpid() != junk_pid)
+		return;
+	if (junk_git_dir) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, junk_git_dir);
+		remove_dir_recursively(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	}
+	if (junk_work_tree) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, junk_work_tree);
+		remove_dir_recursively(&sb, 0);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static void remove_junk_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_junk();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static const char *worktree_basename(const char *path, int *olen)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	int len;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	while (len && is_dir_sep(path[len - 1]))
+		len--;
+
+	for (name = path + len - 1; name > path; name--)
+		if (is_dir_sep(*name)) {
+			name++;
+			break;
+		}
+
+	*olen = len;
+	return name;
+}
+
+static int add_worktree(const char *path, const char *refname,
+			const struct add_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb_git = STRBUF_INIT, sb_repo = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *name;
+	struct stat st;
+	struct child_process cp;
+	struct argv_array child_env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int counter = 0, len, ret;
+	struct strbuf symref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+	if (file_exists(path) && !is_empty_dir(path))
+		die(_("'%s' already exists"), path);
+
+	/* is 'refname' a branch or commit? */
+	if (!opts->detach && !strbuf_check_branch_ref(&symref, refname) &&
+		 ref_exists(symref.buf)) { /* it's a branch */
+		if (!opts->force)
+			die_if_checked_out(symref.buf, 0);
+	} else { /* must be a commit */
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(refname);
+		if (!commit)
+			die(_("invalid reference: %s"), refname);
+	}
+
+	name = worktree_basename(path, &len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb_repo,
+		      git_path("worktrees/%.*s", (int)(path + len - name), name));
+	len = sb_repo.len;
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(sb_repo.buf))
+		die_errno(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"),
+			  sb_repo.buf);
+	while (!stat(sb_repo.buf, &st)) {
+		counter++;
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb_repo, len);
+		strbuf_addf(&sb_repo, "%d", counter);
+	}
+	name = strrchr(sb_repo.buf, '/') + 1;
+
+	junk_pid = getpid();
+	atexit(remove_junk);
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
+
+	if (mkdir(sb_repo.buf, 0777))
+		die_errno(_("could not create directory of '%s'"), sb_repo.buf);
+	junk_git_dir = xstrdup(sb_repo.buf);
+	is_junk = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * lock the incomplete repo so prune won't delete it, unlock
+	 * after the preparation is over.
+	 */
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/locked", sb_repo.buf);
+	write_file(sb.buf, "initializing");
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb_git, "%s/.git", path);
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(sb_git.buf))
+		die_errno(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"),
+			  sb_git.buf);
+	junk_work_tree = xstrdup(path);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/gitdir", sb_repo.buf);
+	write_file(sb.buf, "%s", real_path(sb_git.buf));
+	write_file(sb_git.buf, "gitdir: %s/worktrees/%s",
+		   real_path(get_git_common_dir()), name);
+	/*
+	 * This is to keep resolve_ref() happy. We need a valid HEAD
+	 * or is_git_directory() will reject the directory. Any value which
+	 * looks like an object ID will do since it will be immediately
+	 * replaced by the symbolic-ref or update-ref invocation in the new
+	 * worktree.
+	 */
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/HEAD", sb_repo.buf);
+	write_file(sb.buf, sha1_to_hex(null_sha1));
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/commondir", sb_repo.buf);
+	write_file(sb.buf, "../..");
+
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Preparing %s (identifier %s)"), path, name);
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, sb_git.buf);
+	argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s", GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, path);
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+
+	if (commit)
+		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "update-ref", "HEAD",
+				 oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid), NULL);
+	else
+		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "symbolic-ref", "HEAD",
+				 symref.buf, NULL);
+	cp.env = child_env.argv;
+	ret = run_command(&cp);
+	if (ret)
+		goto done;
+
+	if (opts->checkout) {
+		cp.argv = NULL;
+		argv_array_clear(&cp.args);
+		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "reset", "--hard", NULL);
+		cp.env = child_env.argv;
+		ret = run_command(&cp);
+		if (ret)
+			goto done;
+	}
+
+	is_junk = 0;
+	free(junk_work_tree);
+	free(junk_git_dir);
+	junk_work_tree = NULL;
+	junk_git_dir = NULL;
+
+done:
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/locked", sb_repo.buf);
+	unlink_or_warn(sb.buf);
+	argv_array_clear(&child_env);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&symref);
+	strbuf_release(&sb_repo);
+	strbuf_release(&sb_git);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int add(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct add_opts opts;
+	const char *new_branch_force = NULL;
+	const char *path, *branch;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, N_("checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree")),
+		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, N_("branch"),
+			   N_("create a new branch")),
+		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &new_branch_force, N_("branch"),
+			   N_("create or reset a branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "detach", &opts.detach, N_("detach HEAD at named commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "checkout", &opts.checkout, N_("populate the new working tree")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.checkout = 1;
+	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, options, worktree_usage, 0);
+	if (!!opts.detach + !!opts.new_branch + !!new_branch_force > 1)
+		die(_("-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"));
+	if (ac < 1 || ac > 2)
+		usage_with_options(worktree_usage, options);
+
+	path = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), av[0]);
+	branch = ac < 2 ? "HEAD" : av[1];
+
+	if (!strcmp(branch, "-"))
+		branch = "@{-1}";
+
+	opts.force_new_branch = !!new_branch_force;
+	if (opts.force_new_branch) {
+		struct strbuf symref = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		opts.new_branch = new_branch_force;
+
+		if (!opts.force &&
+		    !strbuf_check_branch_ref(&symref, opts.new_branch) &&
+		    ref_exists(symref.buf))
+			die_if_checked_out(symref.buf, 0);
+		strbuf_release(&symref);
+	}
+
+	if (ac < 2 && !opts.new_branch && !opts.detach) {
+		int n;
+		const char *s = worktree_basename(path, &n);
+		opts.new_branch = xstrndup(s, n);
+	}
+
+	if (opts.new_branch) {
+		struct child_process cp;
+		memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+		cp.git_cmd = 1;
+		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "branch");
+		if (opts.force_new_branch)
+			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--force");
+		argv_array_push(&cp.args, opts.new_branch);
+		argv_array_push(&cp.args, branch);
+		if (run_command(&cp))
+			return -1;
+		branch = opts.new_branch;
+	}
+
+	return add_worktree(path, branch, &opts);
+}
+
+static void show_worktree_porcelain(struct worktree *wt)
+{
+	printf("worktree %s\n", wt->path);
+	if (wt->is_bare)
+		printf("bare\n");
+	else {
+		printf("HEAD %s\n", sha1_to_hex(wt->head_sha1));
+		if (wt->is_detached)
+			printf("detached\n");
+		else
+			printf("branch %s\n", wt->head_ref);
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void show_worktree(struct worktree *wt, int path_maxlen, int abbrev_len)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int cur_path_len = strlen(wt->path);
+	int path_adj = cur_path_len - utf8_strwidth(wt->path);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%-*s ", 1 + path_maxlen + path_adj, wt->path);
+	if (wt->is_bare)
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, "(bare)");
+	else {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%-*s ", abbrev_len,
+				find_unique_abbrev(wt->head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		if (!wt->is_detached)
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "[%s]", shorten_unambiguous_ref(wt->head_ref, 0));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, "(detached HEAD)");
+	}
+	printf("%s\n", sb.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static void measure_widths(struct worktree **wt, int *abbrev, int *maxlen)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; wt[i]; i++) {
+		int sha1_len;
+		int path_len = strlen(wt[i]->path);
+
+		if (path_len > *maxlen)
+			*maxlen = path_len;
+		sha1_len = strlen(find_unique_abbrev(wt[i]->head_sha1, *abbrev));
+		if (sha1_len > *abbrev)
+			*abbrev = sha1_len;
+	}
+}
+
+static int list(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int porcelain = 0;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "porcelain", &porcelain, N_("machine-readable output")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, options, worktree_usage, 0);
+	if (ac)
+		usage_with_options(worktree_usage, options);
+	else {
+		struct worktree **worktrees = get_worktrees();
+		int path_maxlen = 0, abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV, i;
+
+		if (!porcelain)
+			measure_widths(worktrees, &abbrev, &path_maxlen);
+
+		for (i = 0; worktrees[i]; i++) {
+			if (porcelain)
+				show_worktree_porcelain(worktrees[i]);
+			else
+				show_worktree(worktrees[i], path_maxlen, abbrev);
+		}
+		free_worktrees(worktrees);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_worktree(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	if (ac < 2)
+		usage_with_options(worktree_usage, options);
+	if (!prefix)
+		prefix = "";
+	if (!strcmp(av[1], "add"))
+		return add(ac - 1, av + 1, prefix);
+	if (!strcmp(av[1], "prune"))
+		return prune(ac - 1, av + 1, prefix);
+	if (!strcmp(av[1], "list"))
+		return list(ac - 1, av + 1, prefix);
+	usage_with_options(worktree_usage, options);
+}
diff --git a/builtin/write-tree.c b/builtin/write-tree.c
index b223af416f..084c0df783 100644
--- a/builtin/write-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/write-tree.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const write_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]",
+	N_("git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	const char *me = "git-write-tree";
 	struct option write_tree_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT(0, "missing-ok", &flags, "allow missing objects",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "missing-ok", &flags, N_("allow missing objects"),
 			WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &prefix, "<prefix>/",
-		  "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>" ,
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &prefix, N_("<prefix>/"),
+		  N_("write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>") ,
 		  PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
 		{ OPTION_BIT, 0, "ignore-cache-tree", &flags, NULL,
-		  "only useful for debugging",
+		  N_("only useful for debugging"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL,
 		  WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE },
 		OPT_END()
diff --git a/bulk-checkin.c b/bulk-checkin.c
index 6b0b6d4904..4347f5c76a 100644
--- a/bulk-checkin.c
+++ b/bulk-checkin.c
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2011, Google Inc.
  */
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
 #include "csum-file.h"
 #include "pack.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
 
 static int pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 
@@ -22,8 +24,8 @@ static struct bulk_checkin_state {
 
 static void finish_bulk_checkin(struct bulk_checkin_state *state)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char packname[PATH_MAX];
+	struct object_id oid;
+	struct strbuf packname = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int i;
 
 	if (!state->f)
@@ -34,19 +36,19 @@ static void finish_bulk_checkin(struct bulk_checkin_state *state)
 		unlink(state->pack_tmp_name);
 		goto clear_exit;
 	} else if (state->nr_written == 1) {
-		sha1close(state->f, sha1, CSUM_FSYNC);
+		sha1close(state->f, oid.hash, CSUM_FSYNC);
 	} else {
-		int fd = sha1close(state->f, sha1, 0);
-		fixup_pack_header_footer(fd, sha1, state->pack_tmp_name,
-					 state->nr_written, sha1,
+		int fd = sha1close(state->f, oid.hash, 0);
+		fixup_pack_header_footer(fd, oid.hash, state->pack_tmp_name,
+					 state->nr_written, oid.hash,
 					 state->offset);
 		close(fd);
 	}
 
-	sprintf(packname, "%s/pack/pack-", get_object_directory());
-	finish_tmp_packfile(packname, state->pack_tmp_name,
+	strbuf_addf(&packname, "%s/pack/pack-", get_object_directory());
+	finish_tmp_packfile(&packname, state->pack_tmp_name,
 			    state->written, state->nr_written,
-			    &state->pack_idx_opts, sha1);
+			    &state->pack_idx_opts, oid.hash);
 	for (i = 0; i < state->nr_written; i++)
 		free(state->written[i]);
 
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ clear_exit:
 	free(state->written);
 	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
 
+	strbuf_release(&packname);
 	/* Make objects we just wrote available to ourselves */
 	reprepare_packed_git();
 }
@@ -102,7 +105,6 @@ static int stream_to_pack(struct bulk_checkin_state *state,
 	int write_object = (flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT);
 	off_t offset = 0;
 
-	memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
 	git_deflate_init(&s, pack_compression_level);
 
 	hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, size, obuf);
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ static int stream_to_pack(struct bulk_checkin_state *state,
 
 		if (size && !s.avail_in) {
 			ssize_t rsize = size < sizeof(ibuf) ? size : sizeof(ibuf);
-			if (xread(fd, ibuf, rsize) != rsize)
+			if (read_in_full(fd, ibuf, rsize) != rsize)
 				die("failed to read %d bytes from '%s'",
 				    (int)rsize, path);
 			offset += rsize;
@@ -198,8 +200,8 @@ static int deflate_to_pack(struct bulk_checkin_state *state,
 	if (seekback == (off_t) -1)
 		return error("cannot find the current offset");
 
-	header_len = sprintf((char *)obuf, "%s %" PRIuMAX,
-			     typename(type), (uintmax_t)size) + 1;
+	header_len = xsnprintf((char *)obuf, sizeof(obuf), "%s %" PRIuMAX,
+			       typename(type), (uintmax_t)size) + 1;
 	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
 	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, obuf, header_len);
 
diff --git a/bulk-checkin.h b/bulk-checkin.h
index 4f599f8841..fbd40fc98c 100644
--- a/bulk-checkin.h
+++ b/bulk-checkin.h
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #ifndef BULK_CHECKIN_H
 #define BULK_CHECKIN_H
 
-#include "cache.h"
-
 extern int index_bulk_checkin(unsigned char sha1[],
 			      int fd, size_t size, enum object_type type,
 			      const char *path, unsigned flags);
diff --git a/bundle.c b/bundle.c
index 4742f2734e..bbf4efa0a0 100644
--- a/bundle.c
+++ b/bundle.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "bundle.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "commit.h"
@@ -7,39 +8,19 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char bundle_signature[] = "# v2 git bundle\n";
 
 static void add_to_ref_list(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name,
 		struct ref_list *list)
 {
-	if (list->nr + 1 >= list->alloc) {
-		list->alloc = alloc_nr(list->nr + 1);
-		list->list = xrealloc(list->list,
-				list->alloc * sizeof(list->list[0]));
-	}
-	memcpy(list->list[list->nr].sha1, sha1, 20);
+	ALLOC_GROW(list->list, list->nr + 1, list->alloc);
+	hashcpy(list->list[list->nr].sha1, sha1);
 	list->list[list->nr].name = xstrdup(name);
 	list->nr++;
 }
 
-/* Eventually this should go to strbuf.[ch] */
-static int strbuf_readline_fd(struct strbuf *sb, int fd)
-{
-	strbuf_reset(sb);
-
-	while (1) {
-		char ch;
-		ssize_t len = xread(fd, &ch, 1);
-		if (len < 0)
-			return -1;
-		strbuf_addch(sb, ch);
-		if (ch == '\n')
-			break;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int parse_bundle_header(int fd, struct bundle_header *header,
 			       const char *report_path)
 {
@@ -47,17 +28,17 @@ static int parse_bundle_header(int fd, struct bundle_header *header,
 	int status = 0;
 
 	/* The bundle header begins with the signature */
-	if (strbuf_readline_fd(&buf, fd) ||
+	if (strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&buf, fd, '\n') ||
 	    strcmp(buf.buf, bundle_signature)) {
 		if (report_path)
-			error("'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file",
+			error(_("'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"),
 			      report_path);
 		status = -1;
 		goto abort;
 	}
 
 	/* The bundle header ends with an empty line */
-	while (!strbuf_readline_fd(&buf, fd) &&
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&buf, fd, '\n') &&
 	       buf.len && buf.buf[0] != '\n') {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		int is_prereq = 0;
@@ -74,10 +55,10 @@ static int parse_bundle_header(int fd, struct bundle_header *header,
 		 * followed by SP and subject line.
 		 */
 		if (get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1) ||
-		    (40 <= buf.len && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
+		    (buf.len > 40 && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
 		    (!is_prereq && buf.len <= 40)) {
 			if (report_path)
-				error("unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)",
+				error(_("unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"),
 				      (is_prereq ? "-" : ""), buf.buf, (int)buf.len);
 			status = -1;
 			break;
@@ -103,7 +84,7 @@ int read_bundle_header(const char *path, struct bundle_header *header)
 	int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 
 	if (fd < 0)
-		return error("could not open '%s'", path);
+		return error(_("could not open '%s'"), path);
 	return parse_bundle_header(fd, header, path);
 }
 
@@ -140,6 +121,7 @@ static int list_refs(struct ref_list *r, int argc, const char **argv)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define PREREQ_MARK (1u<<16)
 
 int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
@@ -154,7 +136,7 @@ int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
 	struct object_array refs;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int i, ret = 0, req_nr;
-	const char *message = "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:";
+	const char *message = _("Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:");
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < p->nr; i++) {
@@ -178,7 +160,7 @@ int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
 	revs.leak_pending = 1;
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
-		die("revision walk setup failed");
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
 	i = req_nr;
 	while (i && (commit = get_revision(&revs)))
@@ -189,7 +171,7 @@ int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
 		if (!(refs.objects[i].item->flags & SHOWN)) {
 			if (++ret == 1)
 				error("%s", message);
-			error("%s %s", sha1_to_hex(refs.objects[i].item->sha1),
+			error("%s %s", oid_to_hex(&refs.objects[i].item->oid),
 				refs.objects[i].name);
 		}
 
@@ -200,13 +182,21 @@ int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
 		struct ref_list *r;
 
 		r = &header->references;
-		printf("The bundle contains %d ref%s\n",
-		       r->nr, (1 < r->nr) ? "s" : "");
+		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle contains this ref:",
+			     "The bundle contains these %d refs:",
+			     r->nr),
+			  r->nr);
 		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
 		r = &header->prerequisites;
-		printf("The bundle requires these %d ref%s\n",
-		       r->nr, (1 < r->nr) ? "s" : "");
-		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		if (!r->nr) {
+			printf_ln(_("The bundle records a complete history."));
+		} else {
+			printf_ln(Q_("The bundle requires this ref:",
+				     "The bundle requires these %d refs:",
+				     r->nr),
+				  r->nr);
+			list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		}
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -220,114 +210,134 @@ static int is_tag_in_date_range(struct object *tag, struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
-	char *buf, *line, *lineend;
+	char *buf = NULL, *line, *lineend;
 	unsigned long date;
+	int result = 1;
 
 	if (revs->max_age == -1 && revs->min_age == -1)
-		return 1;
+		goto out;
 
-	buf = read_sha1_file(tag->sha1, &type, &size);
+	buf = read_sha1_file(tag->oid.hash, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
-		return 1;
+		goto out;
 	line = memmem(buf, size, "\ntagger ", 8);
 	if (!line++)
-		return 1;
-	lineend = memchr(line, buf + size - line, '\n');
-	line = memchr(line, lineend ? lineend - line : buf + size - line, '>');
+		goto out;
+	lineend = memchr(line, '\n', buf + size - line);
+	line = memchr(line, '>', lineend ? lineend - line : buf + size - line);
 	if (!line++)
-		return 1;
+		goto out;
 	date = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
-	free(buf);
-	return (revs->max_age == -1 || revs->max_age < date) &&
+	result = (revs->max_age == -1 || revs->max_age < date) &&
 		(revs->min_age == -1 || revs->min_age > date);
+out:
+	free(buf);
+	return result;
 }
 
-int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
-		int argc, const char **argv)
-{
-	static struct lock_file lock;
-	int bundle_fd = -1;
-	int bundle_to_stdout;
-	const char **argv_boundary = xmalloc((argc + 4) * sizeof(const char *));
-	const char **argv_pack = xmalloc(6 * sizeof(const char *));
-	int i, ref_count = 0;
-	char buffer[1024];
-	struct rev_info revs;
-	struct child_process rls;
-	FILE *rls_fout;
 
-	bundle_to_stdout = !strcmp(path, "-");
-	if (bundle_to_stdout)
-		bundle_fd = 1;
-	else
-		bundle_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, path,
-						      LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+/* Write the pack data to bundle_fd, then close it if it is > 1. */
+static int write_pack_data(int bundle_fd, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct child_process pack_objects = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int i;
 
-	/* write signature */
-	write_or_die(bundle_fd, bundle_signature, strlen(bundle_signature));
+	argv_array_pushl(&pack_objects.args,
+			 "pack-objects", "--all-progress-implied",
+			 "--stdout", "--thin", "--delta-base-offset",
+			 NULL);
+	pack_objects.in = -1;
+	pack_objects.out = bundle_fd;
+	pack_objects.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&pack_objects))
+		return error(_("Could not spawn pack-objects"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *object = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			write_or_die(pack_objects.in, "^", 1);
+		write_or_die(pack_objects.in, oid_to_hex(&object->oid), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ);
+		write_or_die(pack_objects.in, "\n", 1);
+	}
+	close(pack_objects.in);
+	if (finish_command(&pack_objects))
+		return error(_("pack-objects died"));
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	/* init revs to list objects for pack-objects later */
-	save_commit_buffer = 0;
-	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+static int compute_and_write_prerequisites(int bundle_fd,
+					   struct rev_info *revs,
+					   int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct child_process rls = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *rls_fout;
+	int i;
 
-	/* write prerequisites */
-	memcpy(argv_boundary + 3, argv + 1, argc * sizeof(const char *));
-	argv_boundary[0] = "rev-list";
-	argv_boundary[1] = "--boundary";
-	argv_boundary[2] = "--pretty=oneline";
-	argv_boundary[argc + 2] = NULL;
-	memset(&rls, 0, sizeof(rls));
-	rls.argv = argv_boundary;
+	argv_array_pushl(&rls.args,
+			 "rev-list", "--boundary", "--pretty=oneline",
+			 NULL);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		argv_array_push(&rls.args, argv[i]);
 	rls.out = -1;
 	rls.git_cmd = 1;
 	if (start_command(&rls))
 		return -1;
 	rls_fout = xfdopen(rls.out, "r");
-	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), rls_fout)) {
+	while (strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, rls_fout, '\n') != EOF) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		if (buffer[0] == '-') {
-			write_or_die(bundle_fd, buffer, strlen(buffer));
-			if (!get_sha1_hex(buffer + 1, sha1)) {
-				struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (buf.len > 0 && buf.buf[0] == '-') {
+			write_or_die(bundle_fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
+			if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf + 1, sha1)) {
+				struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 				object->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-				add_pending_object(&revs, object, buffer);
+				add_pending_object(revs, object, buf.buf);
 			}
-		} else if (!get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+		} else if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1)) {
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 			object->flags |= SHOWN;
 		}
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	fclose(rls_fout);
 	if (finish_command(&rls))
-		return error("rev-list died");
-
-	/* write references */
-	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
-
-	if (argc > 1)
-		return error("unrecognized argument: %s'", argv[1]);
+		return error(_("rev-list died"));
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	object_array_remove_duplicates(&revs.pending);
+/*
+ * Write out bundle refs based on the tips already
+ * parsed into revs.pending. As a side effect, may
+ * manipulate revs.pending to include additional
+ * necessary objects (like tags).
+ *
+ * Returns the number of refs written, or negative
+ * on error.
+ */
+static int write_bundle_refs(int bundle_fd, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	int i;
+	int ref_count = 0;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < revs.pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *e = revs.pending.objects + i;
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *e = revs->pending.objects + i;
+		struct object_id oid;
 		char *ref;
 		const char *display_ref;
 		int flag;
 
 		if (e->item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			continue;
-		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &ref) != 1)
-			continue;
-		if (read_ref_full(e->name, sha1, 1, &flag))
+		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), oid.hash, &ref) != 1)
+			goto skip_write_ref;
+		if (read_ref_full(e->name, RESOLVE_REF_READING, oid.hash, &flag))
 			flag = 0;
 		display_ref = (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) ? e->name : ref;
 
 		if (e->item->type == OBJ_TAG &&
-				!is_tag_in_date_range(e->item, &revs)) {
+				!is_tag_in_date_range(e->item, revs)) {
 			e->item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-			continue;
+			goto skip_write_ref;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -340,10 +350,9 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 		 * constraints.
 		 */
 		if (!(e->item->flags & SHOWN) && e->item->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			warning("ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options",
+			warning(_("ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"),
 				e->name);
-			free(ref);
-			continue;
+			goto skip_write_ref;
 		}
 		/*
 		 * If you run "git bundle create bndl v1.0..v2.0", the
@@ -351,13 +360,13 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 		 * commit that is referenced by the tag, and not the tag
 		 * itself.
 		 */
-		if (hashcmp(sha1, e->item->sha1)) {
+		if (oidcmp(&oid, &e->item->oid)) {
 			/*
 			 * Is this the positive end of a range expressed
 			 * in terms of a tag (e.g. v2.0 from the range
 			 * "v1.0..v2.0")?
 			 */
-			struct commit *one = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+			struct commit *one = lookup_commit_reference(oid.hash);
 			struct object *obj;
 
 			if (e->item == &(one->object)) {
@@ -369,83 +378,116 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 				 * end up triggering "empty bundle"
 				 * error.
 				 */
-				obj = parse_object(sha1);
+				obj = parse_object_or_die(oid.hash, e->name);
 				obj->flags |= SHOWN;
-				add_pending_object(&revs, obj, e->name);
+				add_pending_object(revs, obj, e->name);
 			}
-			free(ref);
-			continue;
+			goto skip_write_ref;
 		}
 
 		ref_count++;
-		write_or_die(bundle_fd, sha1_to_hex(e->item->sha1), 40);
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, oid_to_hex(&e->item->oid), 40);
 		write_or_die(bundle_fd, " ", 1);
 		write_or_die(bundle_fd, display_ref, strlen(display_ref));
 		write_or_die(bundle_fd, "\n", 1);
+ skip_write_ref:
 		free(ref);
 	}
-	if (!ref_count)
-		die ("Refusing to create empty bundle.");
 
 	/* end header */
 	write_or_die(bundle_fd, "\n", 1);
+	return ref_count;
+}
 
-	/* write pack */
-	argv_pack[0] = "pack-objects";
-	argv_pack[1] = "--all-progress-implied";
-	argv_pack[2] = "--stdout";
-	argv_pack[3] = "--thin";
-	argv_pack[4] = "--delta-base-offset";
-	argv_pack[5] = NULL;
-	memset(&rls, 0, sizeof(rls));
-	rls.argv = argv_pack;
-	rls.in = -1;
-	rls.out = bundle_fd;
-	rls.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&rls))
-		return error("Could not spawn pack-objects");
+int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
+		  int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	int bundle_fd = -1;
+	int bundle_to_stdout;
+	int ref_count = 0;
+	struct rev_info revs;
 
-	/*
-	 * start_command closed bundle_fd if it was > 1
-	 * so set the lock fd to -1 so commit_lock_file()
-	 * won't fail trying to close it.
-	 */
-	lock.fd = -1;
+	bundle_to_stdout = !strcmp(path, "-");
+	if (bundle_to_stdout)
+		bundle_fd = 1;
+	else {
+		bundle_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, path,
+						      LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < revs.pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *object = revs.pending.objects[i].item;
-		if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
-			write_or_die(rls.in, "^", 1);
-		write_or_die(rls.in, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1), 40);
-		write_or_die(rls.in, "\n", 1);
+		/*
+		 * write_pack_data() will close the fd passed to it,
+		 * but commit_lock_file() will also try to close the
+		 * lockfile's fd. So make a copy of the file
+		 * descriptor to avoid trying to close it twice.
+		 */
+		bundle_fd = dup(bundle_fd);
+		if (bundle_fd < 0)
+			die_errno("unable to dup file descriptor");
 	}
-	close(rls.in);
-	if (finish_command(&rls))
-		return error ("pack-objects died");
+
+	/* write signature */
+	write_or_die(bundle_fd, bundle_signature, strlen(bundle_signature));
+
+	/* init revs to list objects for pack-objects later */
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+
+	/* write prerequisites */
+	if (compute_and_write_prerequisites(bundle_fd, &revs, argc, argv))
+		goto err;
+
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
+
+	if (argc > 1) {
+		error(_("unrecognized argument: %s"), argv[1]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	object_array_remove_duplicates(&revs.pending);
+
+	ref_count = write_bundle_refs(bundle_fd, &revs);
+	if (!ref_count)
+		die(_("Refusing to create empty bundle."));
+	else if (ref_count < 0)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* write pack */
+	if (write_pack_data(bundle_fd, &revs)) {
+		bundle_fd = -1; /* already closed by the above call */
+		goto err;
+	}
+
 	if (!bundle_to_stdout) {
 		if (commit_lock_file(&lock))
-			die_errno("cannot create '%s'", path);
+			die_errno(_("cannot create '%s'"), path);
 	}
 	return 0;
+err:
+	if (!bundle_to_stdout) {
+		if (0 <= bundle_fd)
+			close(bundle_fd);
+		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+	}
+	return -1;
 }
 
 int unbundle(struct bundle_header *header, int bundle_fd, int flags)
 {
 	const char *argv_index_pack[] = {"index-pack",
 					 "--fix-thin", "--stdin", NULL, NULL};
-	struct child_process ip;
+	struct child_process ip = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 	if (flags & BUNDLE_VERBOSE)
 		argv_index_pack[3] = "-v";
 
 	if (verify_bundle(header, 0))
 		return -1;
-	memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
 	ip.argv = argv_index_pack;
 	ip.in = bundle_fd;
 	ip.no_stdout = 1;
 	ip.git_cmd = 1;
 	if (run_command(&ip))
-		return error("index-pack died");
+		return error(_("index-pack died"));
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
index 8de39590d5..ddf0cc9f9a 100644
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
@@ -75,18 +76,12 @@ static struct cache_tree_sub *find_subtree(struct cache_tree *it,
 		return NULL;
 
 	pos = -pos-1;
-	if (it->subtree_alloc <= it->subtree_nr) {
-		it->subtree_alloc = alloc_nr(it->subtree_alloc);
-		it->down = xrealloc(it->down, it->subtree_alloc *
-				    sizeof(*it->down));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(it->down, it->subtree_nr + 1, it->subtree_alloc);
 	it->subtree_nr++;
 
-	down = xmalloc(sizeof(*down) + pathlen + 1);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(down, name, path, pathlen);
 	down->cache_tree = NULL;
 	down->namelen = pathlen;
-	memcpy(down->name, path, pathlen);
-	down->name[pathlen] = 0;
 
 	if (pos < it->subtree_nr)
 		memmove(it->down + pos + 1,
@@ -102,7 +97,7 @@ struct cache_tree_sub *cache_tree_sub(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 	return find_subtree(it, path, pathlen, 1);
 }
 
-void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
+static int do_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 {
 	/* a/b/c
 	 * ==> invalidate self
@@ -120,12 +115,12 @@ void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 #endif
 
 	if (!it)
-		return;
-	slash = strchr(path, '/');
+		return 0;
+	slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
+	namelen = slash - path;
 	it->entry_count = -1;
-	if (!slash) {
+	if (!*slash) {
 		int pos;
-		namelen = strlen(path);
 		pos = subtree_pos(it, path, namelen);
 		if (0 <= pos) {
 			cache_tree_free(&it->down[pos]->cache_tree);
@@ -141,36 +136,39 @@ void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 				(it->subtree_nr - pos - 1));
 			it->subtree_nr--;
 		}
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
-	namelen = slash - path;
 	down = find_subtree(it, path, namelen, 0);
 	if (down)
-		cache_tree_invalidate_path(down->cache_tree, slash + 1);
+		do_invalidate_path(down->cache_tree, slash + 1);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+{
+	if (do_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, path))
+		istate->cache_changed |= CACHE_TREE_CHANGED;
 }
 
 static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
-			int entries, int silent)
+			int entries, int flags)
 {
 	int i, funny;
+	int silent = flags & WRITE_TREE_SILENT;
 
 	/* Verify that the tree is merged */
 	funny = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
-		if (ce_stage(ce) || (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD)) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 			if (silent)
 				return -1;
 			if (10 < ++funny) {
 				fprintf(stderr, "...\n");
 				break;
 			}
-			if (ce_stage(ce))
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
-					ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
-			else
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: not added yet\n",
-					ce->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
+				ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 		}
 	}
 	if (funny)
@@ -241,12 +239,20 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 		      int entries,
 		      const char *base,
 		      int baselen,
-		      int missing_ok,
-		      int dryrun)
+		      int *skip_count,
+		      int flags)
 {
 	struct strbuf buffer;
+	int missing_ok = flags & WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK;
+	int dryrun = flags & WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN;
+	int repair = flags & WRITE_TREE_REPAIR;
+	int to_invalidate = 0;
 	int i;
 
+	assert(!(dryrun && repair));
+
+	*skip_count = 0;
+
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count && has_sha1_file(it->sha1))
 		return it->entry_count;
 
@@ -261,11 +267,12 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	/*
 	 * Find the subtrees and update them.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
-		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt;
+		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt, subskip;
 
 		path = ce->name;
 		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
@@ -273,8 +280,10 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 			break; /* at the end of this level */
 
 		slash = strchr(path + baselen, '/');
-		if (!slash)
+		if (!slash) {
+			i++;
 			continue;
+		}
 		/*
 		 * a/bbb/c (base = a/, slash = /c)
 		 * ==>
@@ -288,11 +297,15 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 				    cache + i, entries - i,
 				    path,
 				    baselen + sublen + 1,
-				    missing_ok,
-				    dryrun);
+				    &subskip,
+				    flags);
 		if (subcnt < 0)
 			return subcnt;
-		i += subcnt - 1;
+		if (!subcnt)
+			die("index cache-tree records empty sub-tree");
+		i += subcnt;
+		sub->count = subcnt; /* to be used in the next loop */
+		*skip_count += subskip;
 		sub->used = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -303,13 +316,15 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	 */
 	strbuf_init(&buffer, 8192);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
 		int pathlen, entlen;
 		const unsigned char *sha1;
 		unsigned mode;
+		int expected_missing = 0;
 
 		path = ce->name;
 		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
@@ -323,23 +338,47 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 			if (!sub)
 				die("cache-tree.c: '%.*s' in '%s' not found",
 				    entlen, path + baselen, path);
-			i += sub->cache_tree->entry_count - 1;
+			i += sub->count;
 			sha1 = sub->cache_tree->sha1;
 			mode = S_IFDIR;
+			if (sub->cache_tree->entry_count < 0) {
+				to_invalidate = 1;
+				expected_missing = 1;
+			}
 		}
 		else {
 			sha1 = ce->sha1;
 			mode = ce->ce_mode;
 			entlen = pathlen - baselen;
+			i++;
 		}
 		if (mode != S_IFGITLINK && !missing_ok && !has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
 			strbuf_release(&buffer);
+			if (expected_missing)
+				return -1;
 			return error("invalid object %06o %s for '%.*s'",
 				mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1), entlen+baselen, path);
 		}
 
-		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
-			continue; /* entry being removed */
+		/*
+		 * CE_REMOVE entries are removed before the index is
+		 * written to disk. Skip them to remain consistent
+		 * with the future on-disk index.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
+			*skip_count = *skip_count + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * CE_INTENT_TO_ADD entries exist on on-disk index but
+		 * they are not part of generated trees. Invalidate up
+		 * to root to force cache-tree users to read elsewhere.
+		 */
+		if (ce_intent_to_add(ce)) {
+			to_invalidate = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		strbuf_grow(&buffer, entlen + 100);
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%o %.*s%c", mode, entlen, path + baselen, '\0');
@@ -351,7 +390,14 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 #endif
 	}
 
-	if (dryrun)
+	if (repair) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		hash_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_type, sha1);
+		if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
+			hashcpy(it->sha1, sha1);
+		else
+			to_invalidate = 1;
+	} else if (dryrun)
 		hash_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_type, it->sha1);
 	else if (write_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_type, it->sha1)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buffer);
@@ -359,7 +405,7 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	it->entry_count = i;
+	it->entry_count = to_invalidate ? -1 : i - *skip_count;
 #if DEBUG
 	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
 		it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
@@ -368,20 +414,19 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	return i;
 }
 
-int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *it,
-		      struct cache_entry **cache,
-		      int entries,
-		      int missing_ok,
-		      int dryrun,
-		      int silent)
+int cache_tree_update(struct index_state *istate, int flags)
 {
-	int i;
-	i = verify_cache(cache, entries, silent);
+	struct cache_tree *it = istate->cache_tree;
+	struct cache_entry **cache = istate->cache;
+	int entries = istate->cache_nr;
+	int skip, i = verify_cache(cache, entries, flags);
+
 	if (i)
 		return i;
-	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, missing_ok, dryrun);
+	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, &skip, flags);
 	if (i < 0)
 		return i;
+	istate->cache_changed |= CACHE_TREE_CHANGED;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -528,27 +573,24 @@ static struct cache_tree *cache_tree_find(struct cache_tree *it, const char *pat
 		const char *slash;
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 
-		slash = strchr(path, '/');
-		if (!slash)
-			slash = path + strlen(path);
-		/* between path and slash is the name of the
-		 * subtree to look for.
+		slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
+		/*
+		 * Between path and slash is the name of the subtree
+		 * to look for.
 		 */
 		sub = find_subtree(it, path, slash - path, 0);
 		if (!sub)
 			return NULL;
 		it = sub->cache_tree;
-		if (slash)
-			while (*slash && *slash == '/')
-				slash++;
-		if (!slash || !*slash)
-			return it; /* prefix ended with slashes */
+
 		path = slash;
+		while (*path == '/')
+			path++;
 	}
 	return it;
 }
 
-int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix)
+int write_index_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, struct index_state *index_state, const char *index_path, int flags, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int entries, was_valid, newfd;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file;
@@ -559,28 +601,23 @@ int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix)
 	 */
 	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+	newfd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock_file, index_path, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 
-	entries = read_cache();
+	entries = read_index_from(index_state, index_path);
 	if (entries < 0)
 		return WRITE_TREE_UNREADABLE_INDEX;
 	if (flags & WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE)
-		cache_tree_free(&(active_cache_tree));
+		cache_tree_free(&index_state->cache_tree);
 
-	if (!active_cache_tree)
-		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+	if (!index_state->cache_tree)
+		index_state->cache_tree = cache_tree();
 
-	was_valid = cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree);
+	was_valid = cache_tree_fully_valid(index_state->cache_tree);
 	if (!was_valid) {
-		int missing_ok = flags & WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK;
-
-		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
-				      active_cache, active_nr,
-				      missing_ok, 0, 0) < 0)
+		if (cache_tree_update(index_state, flags) < 0)
 			return WRITE_TREE_UNMERGED_INDEX;
 		if (0 <= newfd) {
-			if (!write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) &&
-			    !commit_lock_file(lock_file))
+			if (!write_locked_index(index_state, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 				newfd = -1;
 		}
 		/* Not being able to write is fine -- we are only interested
@@ -592,14 +629,14 @@ int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (prefix) {
-		struct cache_tree *subtree =
-			cache_tree_find(active_cache_tree, prefix);
+		struct cache_tree *subtree;
+		subtree = cache_tree_find(index_state->cache_tree, prefix);
 		if (!subtree)
 			return WRITE_TREE_PREFIX_ERROR;
 		hashcpy(sha1, subtree->sha1);
 	}
 	else
-		hashcpy(sha1, active_cache_tree->sha1);
+		hashcpy(sha1, index_state->cache_tree->sha1);
 
 	if (0 <= newfd)
 		rollback_lock_file(lock_file);
@@ -607,13 +644,18 @@ int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix)
+{
+	return write_index_as_tree(sha1, &the_index, get_index_file(), flags, prefix);
+}
+
 static void prime_cache_tree_rec(struct cache_tree *it, struct tree *tree)
 {
 	struct tree_desc desc;
 	struct name_entry entry;
 	int cnt;
 
-	hashcpy(it->sha1, tree->object.sha1);
+	hashcpy(it->sha1, tree->object.oid.hash);
 	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	cnt = 0;
 	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
@@ -621,7 +663,7 @@ static void prime_cache_tree_rec(struct cache_tree *it, struct tree *tree)
 			cnt++;
 		else {
 			struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
-			struct tree *subtree = lookup_tree(entry.sha1);
+			struct tree *subtree = lookup_tree(entry.oid->hash);
 			if (!subtree->object.parsed)
 				parse_tree(subtree);
 			sub = cache_tree_sub(it, entry.path);
@@ -633,11 +675,12 @@ static void prime_cache_tree_rec(struct cache_tree *it, struct tree *tree)
 	it->entry_count = cnt;
 }
 
-void prime_cache_tree(struct cache_tree **it, struct tree *tree)
+void prime_cache_tree(struct index_state *istate, struct tree *tree)
 {
-	cache_tree_free(it);
-	*it = cache_tree();
-	prime_cache_tree_rec(*it, tree);
+	cache_tree_free(&istate->cache_tree);
+	istate->cache_tree = cache_tree();
+	prime_cache_tree_rec(istate->cache_tree, tree);
+	istate->cache_changed |= CACHE_TREE_CHANGED;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -667,15 +710,14 @@ int cache_tree_matches_traversal(struct cache_tree *root,
 
 	it = find_cache_tree_from_traversal(root, info);
 	it = cache_tree_find(it, ent->path);
-	if (it && it->entry_count > 0 && !hashcmp(ent->sha1, it->sha1))
+	if (it && it->entry_count > 0 && !hashcmp(ent->oid->hash, it->sha1))
 		return it->entry_count;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int update_main_cache_tree (int silent)
+int update_main_cache_tree(int flags)
 {
 	if (!the_index.cache_tree)
 		the_index.cache_tree = cache_tree();
-	return cache_tree_update(the_index.cache_tree,
-				 the_index.cache, the_index.cache_nr, 0, 0, silent);
+	return cache_tree_update(&the_index, flags);
 }
diff --git a/cache-tree.h b/cache-tree.h
index 0ec0b2a159..41c574663a 100644
--- a/cache-tree.h
+++ b/cache-tree.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 struct cache_tree;
 struct cache_tree_sub {
 	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	int count;		/* internally used by update_one() */
 	int namelen;
 	int used;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
@@ -22,28 +23,32 @@ struct cache_tree {
 
 struct cache_tree *cache_tree(void);
 void cache_tree_free(struct cache_tree **);
-void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *, const char *);
+void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct index_state *, const char *);
 struct cache_tree_sub *cache_tree_sub(struct cache_tree *, const char *);
 
 void cache_tree_write(struct strbuf *, struct cache_tree *root);
 struct cache_tree *cache_tree_read(const char *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
 int cache_tree_fully_valid(struct cache_tree *);
-int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *, struct cache_entry **, int, int, int, int);
+int cache_tree_update(struct index_state *, int);
 
 int update_main_cache_tree(int);
 
 /* bitmasks to write_cache_as_tree flags */
 #define WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK 1
 #define WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE 2
+#define WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN 4
+#define WRITE_TREE_SILENT 8
+#define WRITE_TREE_REPAIR 16
 
 /* error return codes */
 #define WRITE_TREE_UNREADABLE_INDEX (-1)
 #define WRITE_TREE_UNMERGED_INDEX (-2)
 #define WRITE_TREE_PREFIX_ERROR (-3)
 
+int write_index_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, struct index_state *index_state, const char *index_path, int flags, const char *prefix);
 int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix);
-void prime_cache_tree(struct cache_tree **, struct tree *);
+void prime_cache_tree(struct index_state *, struct tree *);
 
 extern int cache_tree_matches_traversal(struct cache_tree *, struct name_entry *ent, struct traverse_info *info);
 
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 10afd71d43..f1dc289d06 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -3,17 +3,38 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
-#include "hash.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
 #include "advice.h"
 #include "gettext.h"
 #include "convert.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
 
 #include SHA1_HEADER
-#ifndef git_SHA_CTX
-#define git_SHA_CTX	SHA_CTX
-#define git_SHA1_Init	SHA1_Init
-#define git_SHA1_Update	SHA1_Update
-#define git_SHA1_Final	SHA1_Final
+#ifndef platform_SHA_CTX
+/*
+ * platform's underlying implementation of SHA-1; could be OpenSSL,
+ * blk_SHA, Apple CommonCrypto, etc...  Note that including
+ * SHA1_HEADER may have already defined platform_SHA_CTX for our
+ * own implementations like block-sha1 and ppc-sha1, so we list
+ * the default for OpenSSL compatible SHA-1 implementations here.
+ */
+#define platform_SHA_CTX	SHA_CTX
+#define platform_SHA1_Init	SHA1_Init
+#define platform_SHA1_Update	SHA1_Update
+#define platform_SHA1_Final    	SHA1_Final
+#endif
+
+#define git_SHA_CTX		platform_SHA_CTX
+#define git_SHA1_Init		platform_SHA1_Init
+#define git_SHA1_Update		platform_SHA1_Update
+#define git_SHA1_Final		platform_SHA1_Final
+
+#ifdef SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE
+#include "compat/sha1-chunked.h"
+#undef git_SHA1_Update
+#define git_SHA1_Update		git_SHA1_Update_Chunked
 #endif
 
 #include <zlib.h>
@@ -34,12 +55,21 @@ int git_inflate(git_zstream *, int flush);
 
 void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *, int level);
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_end(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_end_gently(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate(git_zstream *, int flush);
 unsigned long git_deflate_bound(git_zstream *, unsigned long);
 
+/* The length in bytes and in hex digits of an object name (SHA-1 value). */
+#define GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ 20
+#define GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ (2 * GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ)
+
+struct object_id {
+	unsigned char hash[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+};
+
 #if defined(DT_UNKNOWN) && !defined(NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT)
 #define DTYPE(de)	((de)->d_type)
 #else
@@ -62,18 +92,26 @@ unsigned long git_deflate_bound(git_zstream *, unsigned long);
  *
  * The value 0160000 is not normally a valid mode, and
  * also just happens to be S_IFDIR + S_IFLNK
- *
- * NOTE! We *really* shouldn't depend on the S_IFxxx macros
- * always having the same values everywhere. We should use
- * our internal git values for these things, and then we can
- * translate that to the OS-specific value. It just so
- * happens that everybody shares the same bit representation
- * in the UNIX world (and apparently wider too..)
  */
 #define S_IFGITLINK	0160000
 #define S_ISGITLINK(m)	(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFGITLINK)
 
 /*
+ * Some mode bits are also used internally for computations.
+ *
+ * They *must* not overlap with any valid modes, and they *must* not be emitted
+ * to outside world - i.e. appear on disk or network. In other words, it's just
+ * temporary fields, which we internally use, but they have to stay in-house.
+ *
+ * ( such approach is valid, as standard S_IF* fits into 16 bits, and in Git
+ *   codebase mode is `unsigned int` which is assumed to be at least 32 bits )
+ */
+
+/* used internally in tree-diff */
+#define S_DIFFTREE_IFXMIN_NEQ	0x80000000
+
+
+/*
  * Intensive research over the course of many years has shown that
  * port 9418 is totally unused by anything else. Or
  *
@@ -100,87 +138,52 @@ unsigned long git_deflate_bound(git_zstream *, unsigned long);
 
 #define CACHE_SIGNATURE 0x44495243	/* "DIRC" */
 struct cache_header {
-	unsigned int hdr_signature;
-	unsigned int hdr_version;
-	unsigned int hdr_entries;
+	uint32_t hdr_signature;
+	uint32_t hdr_version;
+	uint32_t hdr_entries;
 };
 
+#define INDEX_FORMAT_LB 2
+#define INDEX_FORMAT_UB 4
+
 /*
  * The "cache_time" is just the low 32 bits of the
  * time. It doesn't matter if it overflows - we only
  * check it for equality in the 32 bits we save.
  */
 struct cache_time {
-	unsigned int sec;
-	unsigned int nsec;
+	uint32_t sec;
+	uint32_t nsec;
 };
 
-/*
- * dev/ino/uid/gid/size are also just tracked to the low 32 bits
- * Again - this is just a (very strong in practice) heuristic that
- * the inode hasn't changed.
- *
- * We save the fields in big-endian order to allow using the
- * index file over NFS transparently.
- */
-struct ondisk_cache_entry {
-	struct cache_time ctime;
-	struct cache_time mtime;
-	unsigned int dev;
-	unsigned int ino;
-	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned int uid;
-	unsigned int gid;
-	unsigned int size;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned short flags;
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
-};
-
-/*
- * This struct is used when CE_EXTENDED bit is 1
- * The struct must match ondisk_cache_entry exactly from
- * ctime till flags
- */
-struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended {
-	struct cache_time ctime;
-	struct cache_time mtime;
-	unsigned int dev;
-	unsigned int ino;
-	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned int uid;
-	unsigned int gid;
-	unsigned int size;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned short flags;
-	unsigned short flags2;
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+struct stat_data {
+	struct cache_time sd_ctime;
+	struct cache_time sd_mtime;
+	unsigned int sd_dev;
+	unsigned int sd_ino;
+	unsigned int sd_uid;
+	unsigned int sd_gid;
+	unsigned int sd_size;
 };
 
 struct cache_entry {
-	struct cache_time ce_ctime;
-	struct cache_time ce_mtime;
-	unsigned int ce_dev;
-	unsigned int ce_ino;
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	struct stat_data ce_stat_data;
 	unsigned int ce_mode;
-	unsigned int ce_uid;
-	unsigned int ce_gid;
-	unsigned int ce_size;
 	unsigned int ce_flags;
+	unsigned int ce_namelen;
+	unsigned int index;	/* for link extension */
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct cache_entry *next;
-	struct cache_entry *dir_next;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
-#define CE_NAMEMASK  (0x0fff)
 #define CE_STAGEMASK (0x3000)
 #define CE_EXTENDED  (0x4000)
 #define CE_VALID     (0x8000)
 #define CE_STAGESHIFT 12
 
 /*
- * Range 0xFFFF0000 in ce_flags is divided into
+ * Range 0xFFFF0FFF in ce_flags is divided into
  * two parts: in-memory flags and on-disk ones.
  * Flags in CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS will get saved on-disk
  * if you want to save a new flag, add it in
@@ -194,20 +197,25 @@ struct cache_entry {
 #define CE_ADDED             (1 << 19)
 
 #define CE_HASHED            (1 << 20)
-#define CE_UNHASHED          (1 << 21)
 #define CE_WT_REMOVE         (1 << 22) /* remove in work directory */
 #define CE_CONFLICTED        (1 << 23)
 
 #define CE_UNPACKED          (1 << 24)
 #define CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE (1 << 25)
 
+/* used to temporarily mark paths matched by pathspecs */
+#define CE_MATCHED           (1 << 26)
+
+#define CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE    (1 << 27)
+#define CE_STRIP_NAME        (1 << 28)
+
 /*
  * Extended on-disk flags
  */
 #define CE_INTENT_TO_ADD     (1 << 29)
 #define CE_SKIP_WORKTREE     (1 << 30)
 /* CE_EXTENDED2 is for future extension */
-#define CE_EXTENDED2         (1 << 31)
+#define CE_EXTENDED2         (1U << 31)
 
 #define CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS (CE_INTENT_TO_ADD | CE_SKIP_WORKTREE)
 
@@ -221,45 +229,40 @@ struct cache_entry {
 #error "CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS out of range"
 #endif
 
+/* Forward structure decls */
+struct pathspec;
+struct child_process;
+
 /*
  * Copy the sha1 and stat state of a cache entry from one to
  * another. But we never change the name, or the hash state!
  */
-#define CE_STATE_MASK (CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED)
-static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst, struct cache_entry *src)
+static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst,
+				    const struct cache_entry *src)
 {
-	unsigned int state = dst->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK;
+	unsigned int state = dst->ce_flags & CE_HASHED;
 
 	/* Don't copy hash chain and name */
-	memcpy(dst, src, offsetof(struct cache_entry, next));
+	memcpy(&dst->ce_stat_data, &src->ce_stat_data,
+			offsetof(struct cache_entry, name) -
+			offsetof(struct cache_entry, ce_stat_data));
 
 	/* Restore the hash state */
-	dst->ce_flags = (dst->ce_flags & ~CE_STATE_MASK) | state;
+	dst->ce_flags = (dst->ce_flags & ~CE_HASHED) | state;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned create_ce_flags(size_t len, unsigned stage)
+static inline unsigned create_ce_flags(unsigned stage)
 {
-	if (len >= CE_NAMEMASK)
-		len = CE_NAMEMASK;
-	return (len | (stage << CE_STAGESHIFT));
-}
-
-static inline size_t ce_namelen(const struct cache_entry *ce)
-{
-	size_t len = ce->ce_flags & CE_NAMEMASK;
-	if (len < CE_NAMEMASK)
-		return len;
-	return strlen(ce->name + CE_NAMEMASK) + CE_NAMEMASK;
+	return (stage << CE_STAGESHIFT);
 }
 
+#define ce_namelen(ce) ((ce)->ce_namelen)
 #define ce_size(ce) cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce))
-#define ondisk_ce_size(ce) (((ce)->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) ? \
-			    ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(ce_namelen(ce)) : \
-			    ondisk_cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce)))
 #define ce_stage(ce) ((CE_STAGEMASK & (ce)->ce_flags) >> CE_STAGESHIFT)
 #define ce_uptodate(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags & CE_UPTODATE)
 #define ce_skip_worktree(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags & CE_SKIP_WORKTREE)
 #define ce_mark_uptodate(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags |= CE_UPTODATE)
+#define ce_intent_to_add(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD)
 
 #define ce_permissions(mode) (((mode) & 0100) ? 0755 : 0644)
 static inline unsigned int create_ce_mode(unsigned int mode)
@@ -270,7 +273,8 @@ static inline unsigned int create_ce_mode(unsigned int mode)
 		return S_IFGITLINK;
 	return S_IFREG | ce_permissions(mode);
 }
-static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned int mode)
+static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+					     unsigned int mode)
 {
 	extern int trust_executable_bit, has_symlinks;
 	if (!has_symlinks && S_ISREG(mode) &&
@@ -306,39 +310,42 @@ static inline unsigned int canon_mode(unsigned int mode)
 	return S_IFGITLINK;
 }
 
-#define flexible_size(STRUCT,len) ((offsetof(struct STRUCT,name) + (len) + 8) & ~7)
 #define cache_entry_size(len) (offsetof(struct cache_entry,name) + (len) + 1)
-#define ondisk_cache_entry_size(len) flexible_size(ondisk_cache_entry,len)
-#define ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(len) flexible_size(ondisk_cache_entry_extended,len)
+
+#define SOMETHING_CHANGED	(1 << 0) /* unclassified changes go here */
+#define CE_ENTRY_CHANGED	(1 << 1)
+#define CE_ENTRY_REMOVED	(1 << 2)
+#define CE_ENTRY_ADDED		(1 << 3)
+#define RESOLVE_UNDO_CHANGED	(1 << 4)
+#define CACHE_TREE_CHANGED	(1 << 5)
+#define SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED	(1 << 6)
+#define UNTRACKED_CHANGED	(1 << 7)
+
+struct split_index;
+struct untracked_cache;
 
 struct index_state {
 	struct cache_entry **cache;
+	unsigned int version;
 	unsigned int cache_nr, cache_alloc, cache_changed;
 	struct string_list *resolve_undo;
 	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	struct split_index *split_index;
 	struct cache_time timestamp;
 	unsigned name_hash_initialized : 1,
 		 initialized : 1;
-	struct hash_table name_hash;
+	struct hashmap name_hash;
+	struct hashmap dir_hash;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct untracked_cache *untracked;
 };
 
 extern struct index_state the_index;
 
 /* Name hashing */
 extern void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
-/*
- * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
- * we won't find it in lookups.
- *
- * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
- * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
- * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
- * it.
- */
-static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
-{
-	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
-}
+extern void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
+extern void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate);
 
 
 #ifndef NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
@@ -353,7 +360,6 @@ static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
 #define read_cache_preload(pathspec) read_index_preload(&the_index, (pathspec))
 #define is_cache_unborn() is_index_unborn(&the_index)
 #define read_cache_unmerged() read_index_unmerged(&the_index)
-#define write_cache(newfd, cache, entries) write_index(&the_index, (newfd))
 #define discard_cache() discard_index(&the_index)
 #define unmerged_cache() unmerged_index(&the_index)
 #define cache_name_pos(name, namelen) index_name_pos(&the_index,(name),(namelen))
@@ -361,16 +367,18 @@ static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
 #define rename_cache_entry_at(pos, new_name) rename_index_entry_at(&the_index, (pos), (new_name))
 #define remove_cache_entry_at(pos) remove_index_entry_at(&the_index, (pos))
 #define remove_file_from_cache(path) remove_file_from_index(&the_index, (path))
-#define add_to_cache(path, st, flags) add_to_index(&the_index, (path), (st), (flags))
-#define add_file_to_cache(path, flags) add_file_to_index(&the_index, (path), (flags))
+#define add_to_cache(path, st, flags) add_to_index(&the_index, (path), (st), (flags), 0)
+#define add_file_to_cache(path, flags) add_file_to_index(&the_index, (path), (flags), 0)
 #define refresh_cache(flags) refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL, NULL)
 #define ce_match_stat(ce, st, options) ie_match_stat(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
 #define ce_modified(ce, st, options) ie_modified(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
-#define cache_name_exists(name, namelen, igncase) index_name_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen), (igncase))
+#define cache_dir_exists(name, namelen) index_dir_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen))
+#define cache_file_exists(name, namelen, igncase) index_file_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen), (igncase))
 #define cache_name_is_other(name, namelen) index_name_is_other(&the_index, (name), (namelen))
 #define resolve_undo_clear() resolve_undo_clear_index(&the_index)
 #define unmerge_cache_entry_at(at) unmerge_index_entry_at(&the_index, at)
 #define unmerge_cache(pathspec) unmerge_index(&the_index, pathspec)
+#define read_blob_data_from_cache(path, sz) read_blob_data_from_index(&the_index, (path), (sz))
 #endif
 
 enum object_type {
@@ -394,19 +402,24 @@ static inline enum object_type object_type(unsigned int mode)
 		OBJ_BLOB;
 }
 
+/* Double-check local_repo_env below if you add to this list. */
 #define GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_DIR"
+#define GIT_COMMON_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_COMMON_DIR"
 #define GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NAMESPACE"
 #define GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_WORK_TREE"
+#define GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_PREFIX"
 #define DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT ".git"
 #define DB_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"
 #define INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_INDEX_FILE"
 #define GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_GRAFT_FILE"
+#define GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_SHALLOW_FILE"
 #define TEMPLATE_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR"
 #define CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_CONFIG"
 #define CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS"
 #define EXEC_PATH_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_EXEC_PATH"
 #define CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES"
 #define NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS"
+#define GIT_REPLACE_REF_BASE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_REPLACE_REF_BASE"
 #define GITATTRIBUTES_FILE ".gitattributes"
 #define INFOATTRIBUTES_FILE "info/attributes"
 #define ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX "[attr]"
@@ -415,31 +428,77 @@ static inline enum object_type object_type(unsigned int mode)
 #define GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE"
+#define GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS"
+
+/*
+ * This environment variable is expected to contain a boolean indicating
+ * whether we should or should not treat:
+ *
+ *   GIT_DIR=foo.git git ...
+ *
+ * as if GIT_WORK_TREE=. was given. It's not expected that users will make use
+ * of this, but we use it internally to communicate to sub-processes that we
+ * are in a bare repo. If not set, defaults to true.
+ */
+#define GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE"
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * The array is NULL-terminated to simplify its usage in contexts such
- * environment creation or simple walk of the list.
- * The number of non-NULL entries is available as a macro.
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; these will be cleared
+ * when git spawns a sub-process that runs inside another repository.
+ * The array is NULL-terminated, which makes it easy to pass in the "env"
+ * parameter of a run-command invocation, or to do a simple walk.
  */
-#define LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE 9
-extern const char *const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1];
+extern const char * const local_repo_env[];
 
 extern int is_bare_repository_cfg;
 extern int is_bare_repository(void);
 extern int is_inside_git_dir(void);
 extern char *git_work_tree_cfg;
 extern int is_inside_work_tree(void);
-extern int have_git_dir(void);
 extern const char *get_git_dir(void);
+extern const char *get_git_common_dir(void);
 extern char *get_object_directory(void);
 extern char *get_index_file(void);
 extern char *get_graft_file(void);
 extern int set_git_dir(const char *path);
+extern int get_common_dir_noenv(struct strbuf *sb, const char *gitdir);
+extern int get_common_dir(struct strbuf *sb, const char *gitdir);
 extern const char *get_git_namespace(void);
 extern const char *strip_namespace(const char *namespaced_ref);
 extern const char *get_git_work_tree(void);
-extern const char *read_gitfile(const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Return true if the given path is a git directory; note that this _just_
+ * looks at the directory itself. If you want to know whether "foo/.git"
+ * is a repository, you must feed that path, not just "foo".
+ */
+extern int is_git_directory(const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Return 1 if the given path is the root of a git repository or
+ * submodule, else 0. Will not return 1 for bare repositories with the
+ * exception of creating a bare repository in "foo/.git" and calling
+ * is_git_repository("foo").
+ *
+ * If we run into read errors, we err on the side of saying "yes, it is",
+ * as we usually consider sub-repos precious, and would prefer to err on the
+ * side of not disrupting or deleting them.
+ */
+extern int is_nonbare_repository_dir(struct strbuf *path);
+
+#define READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED 1
+#define READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE 2
+#define READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED 3
+#define READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED 4
+#define READ_GITFILE_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT 5
+#define READ_GITFILE_ERR_NO_PATH 6
+#define READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_REPO 7
+#define READ_GITFILE_ERR_TOO_LARGE 8
+extern const char *read_gitfile_gently(const char *path, int *return_error_code);
+#define read_gitfile(path) read_gitfile_gently((path), NULL)
 extern const char *resolve_gitdir(const char *suspect);
 extern void set_git_work_tree(const char *tree);
 
@@ -450,16 +509,23 @@ extern void setup_work_tree(void);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory(void);
 extern char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
+extern char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, int *remaining, const char *path);
 extern const char *prefix_filename(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
 extern int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
-extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+			    const char *name,
+			    int diagnose_misspelt_rev);
 extern void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+extern int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path);
 
 #define INIT_DB_QUIET 0x0001
 
 extern int set_git_dir_init(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir, int);
 extern int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags);
 
+extern void sanitize_stdfds(void);
+extern int daemonize(void);
+
 #define alloc_nr(x) (((x)+16)*3/2)
 
 /*
@@ -476,27 +542,35 @@ extern int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags);
 				alloc = (nr); \
 			else \
 				alloc = alloc_nr(alloc); \
-			x = xrealloc((x), alloc * sizeof(*(x))); \
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(x, alloc); \
 		} \
 	} while (0)
 
 /* Initialize and use the cache information */
+struct lock_file;
 extern int read_index(struct index_state *);
-extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const char **pathspec);
+extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern int do_read_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path,
+			 int must_exist); /* for testting only! */
 extern int read_index_from(struct index_state *, const char *path);
 extern int is_index_unborn(struct index_state *);
 extern int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *);
-extern int write_index(struct index_state *, int newfd);
+#define COMMIT_LOCK		(1 << 0)
+#define CLOSE_LOCK		(1 << 1)
+extern int write_locked_index(struct index_state *, struct lock_file *lock, unsigned flags);
 extern int discard_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerged_index(const struct index_state *);
 extern int verify_path(const char *path);
-extern struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int igncase);
+extern int index_dir_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen);
+extern void adjust_dirname_case(struct index_state *istate, char *name);
+extern struct cache_entry *index_file_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int igncase);
 extern int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *, const char *name, int namelen);
 #define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD 1		/* Ok to add */
 #define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE 2	/* Ok to replace file/directory */
 #define ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK 4	/* Ok to skip DF conflict checks */
 #define ADD_CACHE_JUST_APPEND 8		/* Append only; tree.c::read_tree() */
 #define ADD_CACHE_NEW_ONLY 16		/* Do not replace existing ones */
+#define ADD_CACHE_KEEP_CACHE_TREE 32	/* Do not invalidate cache-tree */
 extern int add_index_entry(struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *ce, int option);
 extern void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int pos, const char *new_name);
 extern int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int pos);
@@ -507,11 +581,13 @@ extern int remove_file_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *path);
 #define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS	4
 #define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL 8
 #define ADD_CACHE_INTENT 16
-extern int add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, struct stat *, int flags);
-extern int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, int flags);
-extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, int refresh);
-extern int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b);
+extern int add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, struct stat *, int flags, int force_mode);
+extern int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, int flags, int force_mode);
+extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, unsigned int refresh_options);
+extern int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b);
+extern void set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(struct cache_entry *ce);
 extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
+extern void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *, unsigned long *);
 
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_VALID is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID		01
@@ -519,30 +595,34 @@ extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
 #define CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY		02
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_SKIP_WORKTREE is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE	04
-extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
-extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
-
-struct pathspec {
-	const char **raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by free_pathspec() */
-	int nr;
-	unsigned int has_wildcard:1;
-	unsigned int recursive:1;
-	int max_depth;
-	struct pathspec_item {
-		const char *match;
-		int len;
-		unsigned int use_wildcard:1;
-	} *items;
-};
-
-extern int init_pathspec(struct pathspec *, const char **);
-extern void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
-extern int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+/* ignore non-existent files during stat update  */
+#define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_MISSING		0x08
+/* enable stat refresh */
+#define CE_MATCH_REFRESH		0x10
+extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, const struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
+extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, const struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
 
 #define HASH_WRITE_OBJECT 1
 #define HASH_FORMAT_CHECK 2
 extern int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, enum object_type type, const char *path, unsigned flags);
 extern int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, unsigned flags);
+
+/*
+ * Record to sd the data from st that we use to check whether a file
+ * might have changed.
+ */
+extern void fill_stat_data(struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+
+/*
+ * Return 0 if st is consistent with a file not having been changed
+ * since sd was filled.  If there are differences, return a
+ * combination of MTIME_CHANGED, CTIME_CHANGED, OWNER_CHANGED,
+ * INODE_CHANGED, and DATA_CHANGED.
+ */
+extern int match_stat_data(const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+extern int match_stat_data_racy(const struct index_state *istate,
+				const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+
 extern void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st);
 
 #define REFRESH_REALLY		0x0001	/* ignore_valid */
@@ -551,34 +631,17 @@ extern void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st);
 #define REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING	0x0008	/* ignore non-existent */
 #define REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES	0x0010	/* ignore submodules */
 #define REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN	0x0020	/* user friendly output, not "needs update" */
-extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec, char *seen, const char *header_msg);
-
-struct lock_file {
-	struct lock_file *next;
-	int fd;
-	pid_t owner;
-	char on_list;
-	char filename[PATH_MAX];
-};
-#define LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR 1
-#define LOCK_NODEREF 2
-extern int unable_to_lock_error(const char *path, int err);
-extern NORETURN void unable_to_lock_index_die(const char *path, int err);
-extern int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
-extern int hold_lock_file_for_append(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
-extern int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const struct pathspec *pathspec, char *seen, const char *header_msg);
+
 extern void update_index_if_able(struct index_state *, struct lock_file *);
 
 extern int hold_locked_index(struct lock_file *, int);
-extern int commit_locked_index(struct lock_file *);
 extern void set_alternate_index_output(const char *);
-extern int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
-extern void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
-extern int delete_ref(const char *, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt);
 
 /* Environment bits from configuration mechanism */
 extern int trust_executable_bit;
 extern int trust_ctime;
+extern int check_stat;
 extern int quote_path_fully;
 extern int has_symlinks;
 extern int minimum_abbrev, default_abbrev;
@@ -587,10 +650,11 @@ extern int assume_unchanged;
 extern int prefer_symlink_refs;
 extern int log_all_ref_updates;
 extern int warn_ambiguous_refs;
-extern int shared_repository;
+extern int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
 extern const char *apply_default_whitespace;
 extern const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
 extern const char *git_attributes_file;
+extern const char *git_hooks_path;
 extern int zlib_compression_level;
 extern int core_compression_level;
 extern int core_compression_seen;
@@ -599,10 +663,51 @@ extern size_t packed_git_limit;
 extern size_t delta_base_cache_limit;
 extern unsigned long big_file_threshold;
 extern unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;
-extern int read_replace_refs;
+
+void set_shared_repository(int value);
+int get_shared_repository(void);
+
+/*
+ * Do replace refs need to be checked this run?  This variable is
+ * initialized to true unless --no-replace-object is used or
+ * $GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS is set, but is set to false by some
+ * commands that do not want replace references to be active.  As an
+ * optimization it is also set to false if replace references have
+ * been sought but there were none.
+ */
+extern int check_replace_refs;
+extern char *git_replace_ref_base;
+
 extern int fsync_object_files;
 extern int core_preload_index;
 extern int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
+extern int precomposed_unicode;
+extern int protect_hfs;
+extern int protect_ntfs;
+extern int git_db_env, git_index_env, git_graft_env, git_common_dir_env;
+
+/*
+ * Include broken refs in all ref iterations, which will
+ * generally choke dangerous operations rather than letting
+ * them silently proceed without taking the broken ref into
+ * account.
+ */
+extern int ref_paranoia;
+
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+extern char comment_line_char;
+extern int auto_comment_line_char;
+
+/* Windows only */
+enum hide_dotfiles_type {
+	HIDE_DOTFILES_FALSE = 0,
+	HIDE_DOTFILES_TRUE,
+	HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY
+};
+extern enum hide_dotfiles_type hide_dotfiles;
 
 enum branch_track {
 	BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
@@ -623,8 +728,10 @@ enum rebase_setup_type {
 enum push_default_type {
 	PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING = 0,
 	PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING,
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE,
 	PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM,
-	PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT,
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED
 };
 
 extern enum branch_track git_branch_track;
@@ -642,9 +749,46 @@ extern char *notes_ref_name;
 
 extern int grafts_replace_parents;
 
+/*
+ * GIT_REPO_VERSION is the version we write by default. The
+ * _READ variant is the highest number we know how to
+ * handle.
+ */
 #define GIT_REPO_VERSION 0
-extern int repository_format_version;
-extern int check_repository_format(void);
+#define GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ 1
+extern int repository_format_precious_objects;
+
+struct repository_format {
+	int version;
+	int precious_objects;
+	int is_bare;
+	char *work_tree;
+	struct string_list unknown_extensions;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Read the repository format characteristics from the config file "path" into
+ * "format" struct. Returns the numeric version. On error, -1 is returned,
+ * format->version is set to -1, and all other fields in the struct are
+ * undefined.
+ */
+int read_repository_format(struct repository_format *format, const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Verify that the repository described by repository_format is something we
+ * can read. If it is, return 0. Otherwise, return -1, and "err" will describe
+ * any errors encountered.
+ */
+int verify_repository_format(const struct repository_format *format,
+			     struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Check the repository format version in the path found in get_git_dir(),
+ * and die if it is a version we don't understand. Generally one would
+ * set_git_dir() before calling this, and use it only for "are we in a valid
+ * repo?".
+ */
+extern void check_repository_format(void);
 
 #define MTIME_CHANGED	0x0001
 #define CTIME_CHANGED	0x0002
@@ -654,30 +798,112 @@ extern int check_repository_format(void);
 #define DATA_CHANGED    0x0020
 #define TYPE_CHANGED    0x0040
 
+/*
+ * Return a statically allocated filename, either generically (mkpath), in
+ * the repository directory (git_path), or in a submodule's repository
+ * directory (git_path_submodule). In all cases, note that the result
+ * may be overwritten by another call to _any_ of the functions. Consider
+ * using the safer "dup" or "strbuf" formats below (in some cases, the
+ * unsafe versions have already been removed).
+ */
+extern const char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern const char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern const char *git_common_path(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+
 extern char *mksnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)));
-extern char *git_snpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
+extern void strbuf_git_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+extern void strbuf_git_common_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+extern char *git_path_buf(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+extern void strbuf_git_path_submodule(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path,
+				      const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)));
 extern char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
-
-/* Return a statically allocated filename matching the sha1 signature */
-extern char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
-extern char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
-extern char *git_path_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
+extern char *mkpathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern char *git_pathdup_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 
-extern char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern void report_linked_checkout_garbage(void);
+
+/*
+ * You can define a static memoized git path like:
+ *
+ *    static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_foo, "FOO");
+ *
+ * or use one of the global ones below.
+ */
+#define GIT_PATH_FUNC(func, filename) \
+	const char *func(void) \
+	{ \
+		static char *ret; \
+		if (!ret) \
+			ret = git_pathdup(filename); \
+		return ret; \
+	}
+
+const char *git_path_cherry_pick_head(void);
+const char *git_path_revert_head(void);
+const char *git_path_squash_msg(void);
+const char *git_path_merge_msg(void);
+const char *git_path_merge_rr(void);
+const char *git_path_merge_mode(void);
+const char *git_path_merge_head(void);
+const char *git_path_fetch_head(void);
+const char *git_path_shallow(void);
+
+/*
+ * Return the name of the file in the local object database that would
+ * be used to store a loose object with the specified sha1.  The
+ * return value is a pointer to a statically allocated buffer that is
+ * overwritten each time the function is called.
+ */
+extern const char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return the name of the (local) packfile with the specified sha1 in
+ * its name.  The return value is a pointer to memory that is
+ * overwritten each time this function is called.
+ */
 extern char *sha1_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return the name of the (local) pack index file with the specified
+ * sha1 in its name.  The return value is a pointer to memory that is
+ * overwritten each time this function is called.
+ */
 extern char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
-extern const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int);
-extern const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
+
+/*
+ * Return an abbreviated sha1 unique within this repository's object database.
+ * The result will be at least `len` characters long, and will be NUL
+ * terminated.
+ *
+ * The non-`_r` version returns a static buffer which will be overwritten by
+ * subsequent calls.
+ *
+ * The `_r` variant writes to a buffer supplied by the caller, which must be at
+ * least `GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1` bytes. The return value is the number of bytes
+ * written (excluding the NUL terminator).
+ *
+ * Note that while this version avoids the static buffer, it is not fully
+ * reentrant, as it calls into other non-reentrant git code.
+ */
+extern const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int len);
+extern int find_unique_abbrev_r(char *hex, const unsigned char *sha1, int len);
+
+extern const unsigned char null_sha1[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+extern const struct object_id null_oid;
 
 static inline int hashcmp(const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *sha2)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++, sha1++, sha2++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ; i++, sha1++, sha2++) {
 		if (*sha1 != *sha2)
 			return *sha1 - *sha2;
 	}
@@ -685,20 +911,42 @@ static inline int hashcmp(const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *sha2)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int oidcmp(const struct object_id *oid1, const struct object_id *oid2)
+{
+	return hashcmp(oid1->hash, oid2->hash);
+}
+
 static inline int is_null_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	return !hashcmp(sha1, null_sha1);
 }
 
+static inline int is_null_oid(const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	return !hashcmp(oid->hash, null_sha1);
+}
+
 static inline void hashcpy(unsigned char *sha_dst, const unsigned char *sha_src)
 {
-	memcpy(sha_dst, sha_src, 20);
+	memcpy(sha_dst, sha_src, GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ);
+}
+
+static inline void oidcpy(struct object_id *dst, const struct object_id *src)
+{
+	hashcpy(dst->hash, src->hash);
 }
+
 static inline void hashclr(unsigned char *hash)
 {
-	memset(hash, 0, 20);
+	memset(hash, 0, GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ);
 }
 
+static inline void oidclr(struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	hashclr(oid->hash);
+}
+
+
 #define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX \
 	"4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904"
 #define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL \
@@ -707,9 +955,20 @@ static inline void hashclr(unsigned char *hash)
 #define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN \
 	 ((const unsigned char *) EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL)
 
-int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t n, const char *template);
+#define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_HEX \
+	"e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391"
+#define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL \
+	"\xe6\x9d\xe2\x9b\xb2\xd1\xd6\x43\x4b\x8b" \
+	"\x29\xae\x77\x5a\xd8\xc2\xe4\x8c\x53\x91"
+#define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN \
+	((const unsigned char *) EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL)
+
+static inline int is_empty_blob_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return !hashcmp(sha1, EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN);
+}
 
-int git_mkstemps(char *path, size_t n, const char *template, int suffix_len);
+int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t n, const char *template);
 
 /* set default permissions by passing mode arguments to open(2) */
 int git_mkstemps_mode(char *pattern, int suffix_len, int mode);
@@ -731,10 +990,30 @@ enum sharedrepo {
 	PERM_EVERYBODY      = 0664
 };
 int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value);
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode);
-#define adjust_shared_perm(path) set_shared_perm((path), 0)
-int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path);
-int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path);
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Create the directory containing the named path, using care to be
+ * somewhat safe against races.  Return one of the scld_error values
+ * to indicate success/failure.
+ *
+ * SCLD_VANISHED indicates that one of the ancestor directories of the
+ * path existed at one point during the function call and then
+ * suddenly vanished, probably because another process pruned the
+ * directory while we were working.  To be robust against this kind of
+ * race, callers might want to try invoking the function again when it
+ * returns SCLD_VANISHED.
+ */
+enum scld_error {
+	SCLD_OK = 0,
+	SCLD_FAILED = -1,
+	SCLD_PERMS = -2,
+	SCLD_EXISTS = -3,
+	SCLD_VANISHED = -4
+};
+enum scld_error safe_create_leading_directories(char *path);
+enum scld_error safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path);
+
 int mkdir_in_gitdir(const char *path);
 extern char *expand_user_path(const char *path);
 const char *enter_repo(const char *path, int strict);
@@ -744,35 +1023,67 @@ static inline int is_absolute_path(const char *path)
 }
 int is_directory(const char *);
 const char *real_path(const char *path);
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path);
 const char *absolute_path(const char *path);
-const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base);
+const char *remove_leading_path(const char *in, const char *prefix);
+const char *relative_path(const char *in, const char *prefix, struct strbuf *sb);
+int normalize_path_copy_len(char *dst, const char *src, int *prefix_len);
 int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src);
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list);
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes);
 char *strip_path_suffix(const char *path, const char *suffix);
 int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *path);
-int offset_1st_component(const char *path);
+extern int is_ntfs_dotgit(const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * Return a newly allocated string with the evaluation of
+ * "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/$filename" if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is non-empty, otherwise
+ * "$HOME/.config/git/$filename". Return NULL upon error.
+ */
+extern char *xdg_config_home(const char *filename);
 
 /* object replacement */
-#define READ_SHA1_FILE_REPLACE 1
+#define LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT 1
+#define LOOKUP_UNKNOWN_OBJECT 2
 extern void *read_sha1_file_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size, unsigned flag);
 static inline void *read_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
 {
-	return read_sha1_file_extended(sha1, type, size, READ_SHA1_FILE_REPLACE);
+	return read_sha1_file_extended(sha1, type, size, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT);
 }
+
+/*
+ * This internal function is only declared here for the benefit of
+ * lookup_replace_object().  Please do not call it directly.
+ */
 extern const unsigned char *do_lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * If object sha1 should be replaced, return the replacement object's
+ * name (replaced recursively, if necessary).  The return value is
+ * either sha1 or a pointer to a permanently-allocated value.  When
+ * object replacement is suppressed, always return sha1.
+ */
 static inline const unsigned char *lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	if (!read_replace_refs)
+	if (!check_replace_refs)
 		return sha1;
 	return do_lookup_replace_object(sha1);
 }
 
+static inline const unsigned char *lookup_replace_object_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned flag)
+{
+	if (!(flag & LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT))
+		return sha1;
+	return lookup_replace_object(sha1);
+}
+
 /* Read and unpack a sha1 file into memory, write memory to a sha1 file */
 extern int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *, unsigned long *);
 extern int hash_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int write_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *return_sha1);
+extern int hash_sha1_file_literally(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned flags);
 extern int pretend_sha1_file(void *, unsigned long, enum object_type, unsigned char *);
 extern int force_object_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, time_t mtime);
+extern int git_open_noatime(const char *name);
 extern void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size);
 extern int unpack_sha1_header(git_zstream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer, unsigned long bufsiz);
 extern int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep);
@@ -780,15 +1091,36 @@ extern int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep);
 /* global flag to enable extra checks when accessing packed objects */
 extern int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
-/* for development: log offset of pack access */
-extern const char *log_pack_access;
-
 extern int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, unsigned long size, const char *type);
 
-extern int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename);
+extern int finalize_object_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename);
 
 extern int has_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1);
-extern int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff we have an object named sha1, whether local or in
+ * an alternate object database, and whether packed or loose.  This
+ * function does not respect replace references.
+ *
+ * If the QUICK flag is set, do not re-check the pack directory
+ * when we cannot find the object (this means we may give a false
+ * negative answer if another process is simultaneously repacking).
+ */
+#define HAS_SHA1_QUICK 0x1
+extern int has_sha1_file_with_flags(const unsigned char *sha1, int flags);
+static inline int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return has_sha1_file_with_flags(sha1, 0);
+}
+
+/* Same as the above, except for struct object_id. */
+extern int has_object_file(const struct object_id *oid);
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff an alternate object database has a loose object
+ * with the specified name.  This function does not respect replace
+ * references.
+ */
 extern int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
 extern int has_pack_index(const unsigned char *sha1);
@@ -809,19 +1141,35 @@ struct object_context {
 	unsigned char tree[20];
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	unsigned mode;
+	/*
+	 * symlink_path is only used by get_tree_entry_follow_symlinks,
+	 * and only for symlinks that point outside the repository.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf symlink_path;
 };
 
+#define GET_SHA1_QUIETLY           01
+#define GET_SHA1_COMMIT            02
+#define GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH        04
+#define GET_SHA1_TREE             010
+#define GET_SHA1_TREEISH          020
+#define GET_SHA1_BLOB             040
+#define GET_SHA1_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS 0100
+#define GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE    04000
+
 extern int get_sha1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
-extern int get_sha1_with_mode_1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode, int only_to_die, const char *prefix);
-static inline int get_sha1_with_mode(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode)
-{
-	return get_sha1_with_mode_1(str, sha1, mode, 0, NULL);
-}
-extern int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc, int only_to_die, const char *prefix);
-static inline int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc)
-{
-	return get_sha1_with_context_1(str, sha1, orc, 0, NULL);
-}
+extern int get_sha1_commit(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_committish(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_tree(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_treeish(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_blob(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern void maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(const char *name, const char *prefix);
+extern int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned flags, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc);
+
+extern int get_oid(const char *str, struct object_id *oid);
+
+typedef int each_abbrev_fn(const unsigned char *sha1, void *);
+extern int for_each_abbrev(const char *prefix, each_abbrev_fn, void *);
 
 /*
  * Try to read a SHA1 in hexadecimal format from the 40 characters
@@ -831,60 +1179,32 @@ static inline int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, st
  * null-terminated string.
  */
 extern int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1);
-
-extern char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1);	/* static buffer result! */
-extern int read_ref_full(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
-			 int reading, int *flags);
-extern int read_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_oid_hex(const char *hex, struct object_id *sha1);
 
 /*
- * Resolve a reference, recursively following symbolic refererences.
- *
- * Store the referred-to object's name in sha1 and return the name of
- * the non-symbolic reference that ultimately pointed at it.  The
- * return value, if not NULL, is a pointer into either a static buffer
- * or the input ref.
- *
- * If the reference cannot be resolved to an object, the behavior
- * depends on the "reading" argument:
- *
- * - If reading is set, return NULL.
+ * Convert a binary sha1 to its hex equivalent. The `_r` variant is reentrant,
+ * and writes the NUL-terminated output to the buffer `out`, which must be at
+ * least `GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1` bytes, and returns a pointer to out for
+ * convenience.
  *
- * - If reading is not set, clear sha1 and return the name of the last
- *   reference name in the chain, which will either be a non-symbolic
- *   reference or an undefined reference.  If this is a prelude to
- *   "writing" to the ref, the return value is the name of the ref
- *   that will actually be created or changed.
+ * The non-`_r` variant returns a static buffer, but uses a ring of 4
+ * buffers, making it safe to make multiple calls for a single statement, like:
  *
- * If flag is non-NULL, set the value that it points to the
- * combination of REF_ISPACKED (if the reference was found among the
- * packed references) and REF_ISSYMREF (if the initial reference was a
- * symbolic reference).
- *
- * If ref is not a properly-formatted, normalized reference, return
- * NULL.  If more than MAXDEPTH recursive symbolic lookups are needed,
- * give up and return NULL.
- *
- * errno is sometimes set on errors, but not always.
+ *   printf("%s -> %s", sha1_to_hex(one), sha1_to_hex(two));
  */
-extern const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag);
-extern char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag);
+extern char *sha1_to_hex_r(char *out, const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1);	/* static buffer result! */
+extern char *oid_to_hex(const struct object_id *oid);	/* same static buffer as sha1_to_hex */
 
-extern int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
-extern int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
-extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, struct strbuf *);
+extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, int len, struct strbuf *);
 extern int get_sha1_mb(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
 
-extern int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **rules);
-extern const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[];
-#define ref_fetch_rules ref_rev_parse_rules
-
-extern int create_symref(const char *ref, const char *refs_heads_master, const char *logmsg);
 extern int validate_headref(const char *ref);
 
 extern int base_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
 extern int df_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
-extern int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2);
+extern int name_compare(const char *name1, size_t len1, const char *name2, size_t len2);
+extern int cache_name_stage_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int stage1, const char *name2, int len2, int stage2);
 
 extern void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
 					const char *required_type,
@@ -894,40 +1214,90 @@ extern void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
 extern struct object *peel_to_type(const char *name, int namelen,
 				   struct object *o, enum object_type);
 
-enum date_mode {
-	DATE_NORMAL = 0,
-	DATE_RELATIVE,
-	DATE_SHORT,
-	DATE_LOCAL,
-	DATE_ISO8601,
-	DATE_RFC2822,
-	DATE_RAW
+struct date_mode {
+	enum date_mode_type {
+		DATE_NORMAL = 0,
+		DATE_RELATIVE,
+		DATE_SHORT,
+		DATE_ISO8601,
+		DATE_ISO8601_STRICT,
+		DATE_RFC2822,
+		DATE_STRFTIME,
+		DATE_RAW
+	} type;
+	const char *strftime_fmt;
+	int local;
 };
 
-const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int timezone, enum date_mode mode);
-const char *show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz,
-			       const struct timeval *now,
-			       char *timebuf,
-			       size_t timebuf_size);
-int parse_date(const char *date, char *buf, int bufsize);
+/*
+ * Convenience helper for passing a constant type, like:
+ *
+ *   show_date(t, tz, DATE_MODE(NORMAL));
+ */
+#define DATE_MODE(t) date_mode_from_type(DATE_##t)
+struct date_mode *date_mode_from_type(enum date_mode_type type);
+
+const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int timezone, const struct date_mode *mode);
+void show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz, const struct timeval *now,
+			struct strbuf *timebuf);
+int parse_date(const char *date, struct strbuf *out);
 int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset);
-void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize);
+int parse_expiry_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp);
+void datestamp(struct strbuf *out);
 #define approxidate(s) approxidate_careful((s), NULL)
 unsigned long approxidate_careful(const char *, int *);
 unsigned long approxidate_relative(const char *date, const struct timeval *now);
-enum date_mode parse_date_format(const char *format);
+void parse_date_format(const char *format, struct date_mode *mode);
+int date_overflows(unsigned long date);
 
-#define IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME  1
-#define IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME 2
-#define IDENT_NO_DATE	       4
+#define IDENT_STRICT	       1
+#define IDENT_NO_DATE	       2
+#define IDENT_NO_NAME	       4
 extern const char *git_author_info(int);
 extern const char *git_committer_info(int);
 extern const char *fmt_ident(const char *name, const char *email, const char *date_str, int);
 extern const char *fmt_name(const char *name, const char *email);
+extern const char *ident_default_name(void);
+extern const char *ident_default_email(void);
 extern const char *git_editor(void);
 extern const char *git_pager(int stdout_is_tty);
+extern int git_ident_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
+
+struct ident_split {
+	const char *name_begin;
+	const char *name_end;
+	const char *mail_begin;
+	const char *mail_end;
+	const char *date_begin;
+	const char *date_end;
+	const char *tz_begin;
+	const char *tz_end;
+};
+/*
+ * Signals an success with 0, but time part of the result may be NULL
+ * if the input lacks timestamp and zone
+ */
+extern int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *, const char *, int);
+
+/*
+ * Like show_date, but pull the timestamp and tz parameters from
+ * the ident_split. It will also sanity-check the values and produce
+ * a well-known sentinel date if they appear bogus.
+ */
+const char *show_ident_date(const struct ident_split *id,
+			    const struct date_mode *mode);
+
+/*
+ * Compare split idents for equality or strict ordering. Note that we
+ * compare only the ident part of the line, ignoring any timestamp.
+ *
+ * Because there are two fields, we must choose one as the primary key; we
+ * currently arbitrarily pick the email.
+ */
+extern int ident_cmp(const struct ident_split *, const struct ident_split *);
 
 struct checkout {
+	struct index_state *istate;
 	const char *base_dir;
 	int base_dir_len;
 	unsigned force:1,
@@ -936,15 +1306,20 @@ struct checkout {
 		 refresh_cache:1;
 };
 
+#define TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH 25
 extern int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath);
 
 struct cache_def {
-	char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
-	int len;
+	struct strbuf path;
 	int flags;
 	int track_flags;
 	int prefix_len_stat_func;
 };
+#define CACHE_DEF_INIT { STRBUF_INIT, 0, 0, 0 }
+static inline void cache_def_clear(struct cache_def *cache)
+{
+	strbuf_release(&cache->path);
+}
 
 extern int has_symlink_leading_path(const char *name, int len);
 extern int threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(struct cache_def *, const char *, int);
@@ -959,9 +1334,10 @@ extern struct alternate_object_database {
 	char base[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 } *alt_odb_list;
 extern void prepare_alt_odb(void);
+extern void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth);
 extern void add_to_alternates_file(const char *reference);
 typedef int alt_odb_fn(struct alternate_object_database *, void *);
-extern void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn, void*);
+extern int foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn, void*);
 
 struct pack_window {
 	struct pack_window *next;
@@ -986,8 +1362,10 @@ extern struct packed_git {
 	int pack_fd;
 	unsigned pack_local:1,
 		 pack_keep:1,
+		 freshened:1,
 		 do_not_close:1;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
 	/* something like ".git/objects/pack/xxxxx.pack" */
 	char pack_name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 } *packed_git;
@@ -998,48 +1376,14 @@ struct pack_entry {
 	struct packed_git *p;
 };
 
-struct ref {
-	struct ref *next;
-	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
-	char *symref;
-	unsigned int force:1,
-		merge:1,
-		nonfastforward:1,
-		deletion:1;
-	enum {
-		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
-		REF_STATUS_OK,
-		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
-		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
-		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
-		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
-		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT
-	} status;
-	char *remote_status;
-	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
-};
-
-#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
-#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
-#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
-
-extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
-
-#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
-extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
-extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
-extern int git_connection_is_socket(struct child_process *conn);
-struct extra_have_objects {
-	int nr, alloc;
-	unsigned char (*array)[20];
-};
-extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list, unsigned int flags, struct extra_have_objects *);
-extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
-
 extern struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *idx_path);
 
+/* A hook to report invalid files in pack directory */
+#define PACKDIR_FILE_PACK 1
+#define PACKDIR_FILE_IDX 2
+#define PACKDIR_FILE_GARBAGE 4
+extern void (*report_garbage)(unsigned seen_bits, const char *path);
+
 extern void prepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void reprepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack);
@@ -1048,26 +1392,125 @@ extern struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
 					 struct packed_git *packs);
 
 extern void pack_report(void);
+
+/*
+ * mmap the index file for the specified packfile (if it is not
+ * already mmapped).  Return 0 on success.
+ */
 extern int open_pack_index(struct packed_git *);
+
+/*
+ * munmap the index file for the specified packfile (if it is
+ * currently mmapped).
+ */
 extern void close_pack_index(struct packed_git *);
+
 extern unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t, unsigned long *);
 extern void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *);
+extern void close_all_packs(void);
 extern void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **);
 extern void free_pack_by_name(const char *);
 extern void clear_delta_base_cache(void);
-extern struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *, int, int);
-extern const unsigned char *nth_packed_object_sha1(struct packed_git *, uint32_t);
-extern off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *, uint32_t);
-extern off_t find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *, struct packed_git *);
+extern struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, size_t path_len, int local);
+
+/*
+ * Make sure that a pointer access into an mmap'd index file is within bounds,
+ * and can provide at least 8 bytes of data.
+ *
+ * Note that this is only necessary for variable-length segments of the file
+ * (like the 64-bit extended offset table), as we compare the size to the
+ * fixed-length parts when we open the file.
+ */
+extern void check_pack_index_ptr(const struct packed_git *p, const void *ptr);
+
+/*
+ * Return the SHA-1 of the nth object within the specified packfile.
+ * Open the index if it is not already open.  The return value points
+ * at the SHA-1 within the mmapped index.  Return NULL if there is an
+ * error.
+ */
+extern const unsigned char *nth_packed_object_sha1(struct packed_git *, uint32_t n);
+
+/*
+ * Return the offset of the nth object within the specified packfile.
+ * The index must already be opened.
+ */
+extern off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *, uint32_t n);
+
+/*
+ * If the object named sha1 is present in the specified packfile,
+ * return its offset within the packfile; otherwise, return 0.
+ */
+extern off_t find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *sha1, struct packed_git *);
+
 extern int is_pack_valid(struct packed_git *);
 extern void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *, off_t, enum object_type *, unsigned long *);
 extern unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf, unsigned long len, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep);
 extern unsigned long get_size_from_delta(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t);
 extern int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t *, unsigned long *);
 
+/*
+ * Iterate over the files in the loose-object parts of the object
+ * directory "path", triggering the following callbacks:
+ *
+ *  - loose_object is called for each loose object we find.
+ *
+ *  - loose_cruft is called for any files that do not appear to be
+ *    loose objects. Note that we only look in the loose object
+ *    directories "objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/", so we will not report
+ *    "objects/foobar" as cruft.
+ *
+ *  - loose_subdir is called for each top-level hashed subdirectory
+ *    of the object directory (e.g., "$OBJDIR/f0"). It is called
+ *    after the objects in the directory are processed.
+ *
+ * Any callback that is NULL will be ignored. Callbacks returning non-zero
+ * will end the iteration.
+ *
+ * In the "buf" variant, "path" is a strbuf which will also be used as a
+ * scratch buffer, but restored to its original contents before
+ * the function returns.
+ */
+typedef int each_loose_object_fn(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				 const char *path,
+				 void *data);
+typedef int each_loose_cruft_fn(const char *basename,
+				const char *path,
+				void *data);
+typedef int each_loose_subdir_fn(int nr,
+				 const char *path,
+				 void *data);
+int for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(const char *path,
+				  each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+				  each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+				  each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+				  void *data);
+int for_each_loose_file_in_objdir_buf(struct strbuf *path,
+				      each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+				      each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+				      each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+				      void *data);
+
+/*
+ * Iterate over loose and packed objects in both the local
+ * repository and any alternates repositories (unless the
+ * LOCAL_ONLY flag is set).
+ */
+#define FOR_EACH_OBJECT_LOCAL_ONLY 0x1
+typedef int each_packed_object_fn(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct packed_git *pack,
+				  uint32_t pos,
+				  void *data);
+extern int for_each_loose_object(each_loose_object_fn, void *, unsigned flags);
+extern int for_each_packed_object(each_packed_object_fn, void *, unsigned flags);
+
 struct object_info {
 	/* Request */
+	enum object_type *typep;
 	unsigned long *sizep;
+	unsigned long *disk_sizep;
+	unsigned char *delta_base_sha1;
+	struct strbuf *typename;
 
 	/* Response */
 	enum {
@@ -1092,7 +1535,7 @@ struct object_info {
 		} packed;
 	} u;
 };
-extern int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *, struct object_info *);
+extern int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *, struct object_info *, unsigned flags);
 
 /* Dumb servers support */
 extern int update_server_info(int);
@@ -1100,81 +1543,220 @@ extern int update_server_info(int);
 /* git_config_parse_key() returns these negated: */
 #define CONFIG_INVALID_KEY 1
 #define CONFIG_NO_SECTION_OR_NAME 2
-/* git_config_set(), git_config_set_multivar() return the above or these: */
+/* git_config_set_gently(), git_config_set_multivar_gently() return the above or these: */
 #define CONFIG_NO_LOCK -1
 #define CONFIG_INVALID_FILE 3
 #define CONFIG_NO_WRITE 4
 #define CONFIG_NOTHING_SET 5
 #define CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN 6
+#define CONFIG_GENERIC_ERROR 7
+
+#define CONFIG_REGEX_NONE ((void *)1)
+
+struct git_config_source {
+	unsigned int use_stdin:1;
+	const char *file;
+	const char *blob;
+};
 
 typedef int (*config_fn_t)(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_default_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *, void *);
+extern int git_config_from_mem(config_fn_t fn, const char *origin_type,
+					const char *name, const char *buf, size_t len, void *data);
 extern void git_config_push_parameter(const char *text);
 extern int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data);
-extern int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *);
-extern int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *, const char *repo_config);
+extern void git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *);
+extern int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *,
+				   struct git_config_source *config_source,
+				   int respect_includes);
 extern int git_parse_ulong(const char *, unsigned long *);
+extern int git_parse_maybe_bool(const char *);
 extern int git_config_int(const char *, const char *);
+extern int64_t git_config_int64(const char *, const char *);
 extern unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *, const char *);
 extern int git_config_bool_or_int(const char *, const char *, int *);
 extern int git_config_bool(const char *, const char *);
 extern int git_config_maybe_bool(const char *, const char *);
 extern int git_config_string(const char **, const char *, const char *);
 extern int git_config_pathname(const char **, const char *, const char *);
-extern int git_config_set_in_file(const char *, const char *, const char *);
-extern int git_config_set(const char *, const char *);
+extern int git_config_set_in_file_gently(const char *, const char *, const char *);
+extern void git_config_set_in_file(const char *, const char *, const char *);
+extern int git_config_set_gently(const char *, const char *);
+extern void git_config_set(const char *, const char *);
 extern int git_config_parse_key(const char *, char **, int *);
-extern int git_config_set_multivar(const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
-extern int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *, const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
+extern int git_config_key_is_valid(const char *key);
+extern int git_config_set_multivar_gently(const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
+extern void git_config_set_multivar(const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
+extern int git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(const char *, const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
+extern void git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *, const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
 extern int git_config_rename_section(const char *, const char *);
+extern int git_config_rename_section_in_file(const char *, const char *, const char *);
 extern const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void);
-extern int check_repository_format_version(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 extern int git_env_bool(const char *, int);
+extern unsigned long git_env_ulong(const char *, unsigned long);
 extern int git_config_system(void);
 extern int config_error_nonbool(const char *);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define config_error_nonbool(s) (config_error_nonbool(s), const_error())
+#endif
 extern const char *get_log_output_encoding(void);
 extern const char *get_commit_output_encoding(void);
 
 extern int git_config_parse_parameter(const char *, config_fn_t fn, void *data);
 
-extern const char *config_exclusive_filename;
+enum config_scope {
+	CONFIG_SCOPE_UNKNOWN = 0,
+	CONFIG_SCOPE_SYSTEM,
+	CONFIG_SCOPE_GLOBAL,
+	CONFIG_SCOPE_REPO,
+	CONFIG_SCOPE_CMDLINE,
+};
+
+extern enum config_scope current_config_scope(void);
+extern const char *current_config_origin_type(void);
+extern const char *current_config_name(void);
+
+struct config_include_data {
+	int depth;
+	config_fn_t fn;
+	void *data;
+};
+#define CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT { 0 }
+extern int git_config_include(const char *name, const char *value, void *data);
+
+/*
+ * Match and parse a config key of the form:
+ *
+ *   section.(subsection.)?key
+ *
+ * (i.e., what gets handed to a config_fn_t). The caller provides the section;
+ * we return -1 if it does not match, 0 otherwise. The subsection and key
+ * out-parameters are filled by the function (and subsection is NULL if it is
+ * missing).
+ */
+extern int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+			    const char *section,
+			    const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+			    const char **key);
+
+struct config_set_element {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	char *key;
+	struct string_list value_list;
+};
 
-#define MAX_GITNAME (1000)
-extern char git_default_email[MAX_GITNAME];
-extern char git_default_name[MAX_GITNAME];
-#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
-#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
-#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
-extern int user_ident_explicitly_given;
-extern int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+struct configset_list_item {
+	struct config_set_element *e;
+	int value_index;
+};
+
+/*
+ * the contents of the list are ordered according to their
+ * position in the config files and order of parsing the files.
+ * (i.e. key-value pair at the last position of .git/config will
+ * be at the last item of the list)
+ */
+struct configset_list {
+	struct configset_list_item *items;
+	unsigned int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+struct config_set {
+	struct hashmap config_hash;
+	int hash_initialized;
+	struct configset_list list;
+};
+
+extern void git_configset_init(struct config_set *cs);
+extern int git_configset_add_file(struct config_set *cs, const char *filename);
+extern int git_configset_get_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **value);
+extern const struct string_list *git_configset_get_value_multi(struct config_set *cs, const char *key);
+extern void git_configset_clear(struct config_set *cs);
+extern int git_configset_get_string_const(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_string(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, char **dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_ulong(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, unsigned long *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_bool_or_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_maybe_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_pathname(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest);
+
+extern int git_config_get_value(const char *key, const char **value);
+extern const struct string_list *git_config_get_value_multi(const char *key);
+extern void git_config_clear(void);
+extern void git_config_iter(config_fn_t fn, void *data);
+extern int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest);
+extern int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest);
+extern int git_config_get_int(const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_ulong(const char *key, unsigned long *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_bool(const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_bool_or_int(const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_maybe_bool(const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_pathname(const char *key, const char **dest);
+extern int git_config_get_untracked_cache(void);
+
+/*
+ * This is a hack for test programs like test-dump-untracked-cache to
+ * ensure that they do not modify the untracked cache when reading it.
+ * Do not use it otherwise!
+ */
+extern int ignore_untracked_cache_config;
+
+struct key_value_info {
+	const char *filename;
+	int linenr;
+	const char *origin_type;
+	enum config_scope scope;
+};
+
+extern NORETURN void git_die_config(const char *key, const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
+extern NORETURN void git_die_config_linenr(const char *key, const char *filename, int linenr);
+
+extern int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+extern int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
 
 extern const char *git_commit_encoding;
 extern const char *git_log_output_encoding;
 extern const char *git_mailmap_file;
+extern const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 /* IO helper functions */
 extern void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *, const char *);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void fprintf_or_die(FILE *, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+#define COPY_READ_ERROR (-2)
+#define COPY_WRITE_ERROR (-3)
 extern int copy_fd(int ifd, int ofd);
 extern int copy_file(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode);
 extern int copy_file_with_time(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode);
+
 extern void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
-extern int write_or_whine(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg);
 extern int write_or_whine_pipe(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg);
 extern void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *);
 
 extern ssize_t read_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
 extern ssize_t write_in_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
+extern ssize_t pread_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset);
+
 static inline ssize_t write_str_in_full(int fd, const char *str)
 {
 	return write_in_full(fd, str, strlen(str));
 }
 
+extern int write_file(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern int write_file_gently(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...);
+
 /* pager.c */
 extern void setup_pager(void);
 extern const char *pager_program;
 extern int pager_in_use(void);
 extern int pager_use_color;
+extern int term_columns(void);
+extern int decimal_width(uintmax_t);
+extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
+extern void prepare_pager_args(struct child_process *, const char *pager);
 
 extern const char *editor_program;
 extern const char *askpass_program;
@@ -1191,17 +1773,9 @@ extern void *alloc_commit_node(void);
 extern void *alloc_tag_node(void);
 extern void *alloc_object_node(void);
 extern void alloc_report(void);
+extern unsigned int alloc_commit_index(void);
 
-/* trace.c */
-__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
-extern void trace_printf(const char *format, ...);
-extern void trace_vprintf(const char *key, const char *format, va_list ap);
-__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
-extern void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...);
-extern void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix);
-extern int trace_want(const char *key);
-extern void trace_strbuf(const char *key, const struct strbuf *buf);
-
+/* pkt-line.c */
 void packet_trace_identity(const char *prog);
 
 /* add */
@@ -1209,14 +1783,14 @@ void packet_trace_identity(const char *prog);
  * return 0 if success, 1 - if addition of a file failed and
  * ADD_FILES_IGNORE_ERRORS was specified in flags
  */
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags);
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int flags, int force_mode);
 
 /* diff.c */
 extern int diff_auto_refresh_index;
 
 /* match-trees.c */
-void shift_tree(const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, unsigned char *, int);
-void shift_tree_by(const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, unsigned char *, const char *);
+void shift_tree(const struct object_id *, const struct object_id *, struct object_id *, int);
+void shift_tree_by(const struct object_id *, const struct object_id *, struct object_id *, const char *);
 
 /*
  * whitespace rules.
@@ -1243,7 +1817,6 @@ extern int ws_blank_line(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule);
 #define ws_tab_width(rule)     ((rule) & WS_TAB_WIDTH_MASK)
 
 /* ls-files */
-int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char *prefix);
 void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix);
 
 char *alias_lookup(const char *alias);
@@ -1251,14 +1824,61 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv);
 /* Takes a negative value returned by split_cmdline */
 const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int cmdline_errno);
 
-/* git.c */
+/* setup.c */
 struct startup_info {
 	int have_repository;
 	const char *prefix;
 };
 extern struct startup_info *startup_info;
 
-/* builtin/merge.c */
-int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from, const unsigned char *to);
+/* merge.c */
+struct commit_list;
+int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
+		const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
+		const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
+int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from,
+			  const unsigned char *to,
+			  int overwrite_ignore);
+
+
+int sane_execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
+
+/*
+ * A struct to encapsulate the concept of whether a file has changed
+ * since we last checked it. This uses criteria similar to those used
+ * for the index.
+ */
+struct stat_validity {
+	struct stat_data *sd;
+};
+
+void stat_validity_clear(struct stat_validity *sv);
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the path is a regular file (or a symlink to a regular
+ * file) and matches the saved stat_validity, 0 otherwise.  A missing
+ * or inaccessible file is considered a match if the struct was just
+ * initialized, or if the previous update found an inaccessible file.
+ */
+int stat_validity_check(struct stat_validity *sv, const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Update the stat_validity from a file opened at descriptor fd. If
+ * the file is missing, inaccessible, or not a regular file, then
+ * future calls to stat_validity_check will match iff one of those
+ * conditions continues to be true.
+ */
+void stat_validity_update(struct stat_validity *sv, int fd);
+
+int versioncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+void sleep_millisec(int millisec);
+
+/*
+ * Create a directory and (if share is nonzero) adjust its permissions
+ * according to the shared_repository setting. Only use this for
+ * directories under $GIT_DIR.  Don't use it for working tree
+ * directories.
+ */
+void safe_create_dir(const char *dir, int share);
 
 #endif /* CACHE_H */
diff --git a/check-builtins.sh b/check-builtins.sh
index d6fe6cf174..a0aaf3a347 100755
--- a/check-builtins.sh
+++ b/check-builtins.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 {
 	cat <<\EOF
 sayIt:
-	$(foreach b,$(BUILT_INS),echo XXX $b YYY;)
+	$(foreach b,$(BUILT_INS),echo XXX $(b:$X=) YYY;)
 EOF
 	cat Makefile
 } |
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ sort |
     bad=0
     while read builtin
     do
-	base=`expr "$builtin" : 'git-\(.*\)'`
-	x=`sed -ne 's/.*{ "'$base'", \(cmd_[^, ]*\).*/'$base'	\1/p' git.c`
+	base=$(expr "$builtin" : 'git-\(.*\)')
+	x=$(sed -ne 's/.*{ "'$base'", \(cmd_[^, ]*\).*/'$base'	\1/p' git.c)
 	if test -z "$x"
 	then
 		echo "$base is builtin but not listed in git.c command list"
diff --git a/check-racy.c b/check-racy.c
index 00d92a1663..24b6542352 100644
--- a/check-racy.c
+++ b/check-racy.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		struct stat st;
 
 		if (lstat(ce->name, &st)) {
-			error("lstat(%s): %s", ce->name, strerror(errno));
+			error_errno("lstat(%s)", ce->name);
 			continue;
 		}
 
diff --git a/check_bindir b/check_bindir
index a1c4c3e8d8..623eadcbb7 100755
--- a/check_bindir
+++ b/check_bindir
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 bindir="$1"
 gitexecdir="$2"
 gitcmd="$3"
-if test "$bindir" != "$gitexecdir" -a -x "$gitcmd"
+if test "$bindir" != "$gitexecdir" && test -x "$gitcmd"
 then
 	echo
 	echo "!! You have installed git-* commands to new gitexecdir."
diff --git a/ci/test-documentation.sh b/ci/test-documentation.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..579d540d32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/test-documentation.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Perform sanity checks on documentation and build it.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+make check-builtins
+make check-docs
+make doc
+
+test -s Documentation/git.html
+test -s Documentation/git.xml
+test -s Documentation/git.1
diff --git a/color.c b/color.c
index e8e26818b3..8f85153d0d 100644
--- a/color.c
+++ b/color.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "color.h"
 
-static int git_use_color_default = 0;
+static int git_use_color_default = GIT_COLOR_AUTO;
 int color_stdout_is_tty = -1;
 
 /*
@@ -26,30 +26,110 @@ const char *column_colors_ansi[] = {
 /* Ignore the RESET at the end when giving the size */
 const int column_colors_ansi_max = ARRAY_SIZE(column_colors_ansi) - 1;
 
-static int parse_color(const char *name, int len)
+/* An individual foreground or background color. */
+struct color {
+	enum {
+		COLOR_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+		COLOR_NORMAL,
+		COLOR_ANSI, /* basic 0-7 ANSI colors */
+		COLOR_256,
+		COLOR_RGB
+	} type;
+	/* The numeric value for ANSI and 256-color modes */
+	unsigned char value;
+	/* 24-bit RGB color values */
+	unsigned char red, green, blue;
+};
+
+/*
+ * "word" is a buffer of length "len"; does it match the NUL-terminated
+ * "match" exactly?
+ */
+static int match_word(const char *word, int len, const char *match)
+{
+	return !strncasecmp(word, match, len) && !match[len];
+}
+
+static int get_hex_color(const char *in, unsigned char *out)
+{
+	unsigned int val;
+	val = (hexval(in[0]) << 4) | hexval(in[1]);
+	if (val & ~0xff)
+		return -1;
+	*out = val;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_color(struct color *out, const char *name, int len)
 {
+	/* Positions in array must match ANSI color codes */
 	static const char * const color_names[] = {
-		"normal", "black", "red", "green", "yellow",
+		"black", "red", "green", "yellow",
 		"blue", "magenta", "cyan", "white"
 	};
 	char *end;
 	int i;
+	long val;
+
+	/* First try the special word "normal"... */
+	if (match_word(name, len, "normal")) {
+		out->type = COLOR_NORMAL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Try a 24-bit RGB value */
+	if (len == 7 && name[0] == '#') {
+		if (!get_hex_color(name + 1, &out->red) &&
+		    !get_hex_color(name + 3, &out->green) &&
+		    !get_hex_color(name + 5, &out->blue)) {
+			out->type = COLOR_RGB;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Then pick from our human-readable color names... */
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(color_names); i++) {
-		const char *str = color_names[i];
-		if (!strncasecmp(name, str, len) && !str[len])
-			return i - 1;
+		if (match_word(name, len, color_names[i])) {
+			out->type = COLOR_ANSI;
+			out->value = i;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* And finally try a literal 256-color-mode number */
+	val = strtol(name, &end, 10);
+	if (end - name == len) {
+		/*
+		 * Allow "-1" as an alias for "normal", but other negative
+		 * numbers are bogus.
+		 */
+		if (val < -1)
+			; /* fall through to error */
+		else if (val < 0) {
+			out->type = COLOR_NORMAL;
+			return 0;
+		/* Rewrite low numbers as more-portable standard colors. */
+		} else if (val < 8) {
+			out->type = COLOR_ANSI;
+			out->value = val;
+			return 0;
+		} else if (val < 256) {
+			out->type = COLOR_256;
+			out->value = val;
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
-	i = strtol(name, &end, 10);
-	if (end - name == len && i >= -1 && i <= 255)
-		return i;
-	return -2;
+
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static int parse_attr(const char *name, int len)
 {
-	static const int attr_values[] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
+	static const int attr_values[] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 7,
+					   22, 22, 24, 25, 27 };
 	static const char * const attr_names[] = {
-		"bold", "dim", "ul", "blink", "reverse"
+		"bold", "dim", "ul", "blink", "reverse",
+		"nobold", "nodim", "noul", "noblink", "noreverse"
 	};
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(attr_names); i++) {
@@ -60,28 +140,67 @@ static int parse_attr(const char *name, int len)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-void color_parse(const char *value, const char *var, char *dst)
+int color_parse(const char *value, char *dst)
+{
+	return color_parse_mem(value, strlen(value), dst);
+}
+
+void color_set(char *dst, const char *color_bytes)
+{
+	xsnprintf(dst, COLOR_MAXLEN, "%s", color_bytes);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the ANSI color codes for "c" to "out"; the string should
+ * already have the ANSI escape code in it. "out" should have enough
+ * space in it to fit any color.
+ */
+static char *color_output(char *out, int len, const struct color *c, char type)
+{
+	switch (c->type) {
+	case COLOR_UNSPECIFIED:
+	case COLOR_NORMAL:
+		break;
+	case COLOR_ANSI:
+		if (len < 2)
+			die("BUG: color parsing ran out of space");
+		*out++ = type;
+		*out++ = '0' + c->value;
+		break;
+	case COLOR_256:
+		out += xsnprintf(out, len, "%c8;5;%d", type, c->value);
+		break;
+	case COLOR_RGB:
+		out += xsnprintf(out, len, "%c8;2;%d;%d;%d", type,
+				 c->red, c->green, c->blue);
+		break;
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+static int color_empty(const struct color *c)
 {
-	color_parse_mem(value, strlen(value), var, dst);
+	return c->type <= COLOR_NORMAL;
 }
 
-void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
-		char *dst)
+int color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, char *dst)
 {
 	const char *ptr = value;
 	int len = value_len;
+	char *end = dst + COLOR_MAXLEN;
 	unsigned int attr = 0;
-	int fg = -2;
-	int bg = -2;
+	struct color fg = { COLOR_UNSPECIFIED };
+	struct color bg = { COLOR_UNSPECIFIED };
 
 	if (!strncasecmp(value, "reset", len)) {
-		strcpy(dst, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
-		return;
+		xsnprintf(dst, end - dst, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* [fg [bg]] [attr]... */
 	while (len > 0) {
 		const char *word = ptr;
+		struct color c;
 		int val, wordlen = 0;
 
 		while (len > 0 && !isspace(word[wordlen])) {
@@ -95,14 +214,13 @@ void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
 			len--;
 		}
 
-		val = parse_color(word, wordlen);
-		if (val >= -1) {
-			if (fg == -2) {
-				fg = val;
+		if (!parse_color(&c, word, wordlen)) {
+			if (fg.type == COLOR_UNSPECIFIED) {
+				fg = c;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (bg == -2) {
-				bg = val;
+			if (bg.type == COLOR_UNSPECIFIED) {
+				bg = c;
 				continue;
 			}
 			goto bad;
@@ -114,12 +232,19 @@ void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
 			goto bad;
 	}
 
-	if (attr || fg >= 0 || bg >= 0) {
+#undef OUT
+#define OUT(x) do { \
+	if (dst == end) \
+		die("BUG: color parsing ran out of space"); \
+	*dst++ = (x); \
+} while(0)
+
+	if (attr || !color_empty(&fg) || !color_empty(&bg)) {
 		int sep = 0;
 		int i;
 
-		*dst++ = '\033';
-		*dst++ = '[';
+		OUT('\033');
+		OUT('[');
 
 		for (i = 0; attr; i++) {
 			unsigned bit = (1 << i);
@@ -127,35 +252,28 @@ void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
 				continue;
 			attr &= ~bit;
 			if (sep++)
-				*dst++ = ';';
-			*dst++ = '0' + i;
+				OUT(';');
+			dst += xsnprintf(dst, end - dst, "%d", i);
 		}
-		if (fg >= 0) {
+		if (!color_empty(&fg)) {
 			if (sep++)
-				*dst++ = ';';
-			if (fg < 8) {
-				*dst++ = '3';
-				*dst++ = '0' + fg;
-			} else {
-				dst += sprintf(dst, "38;5;%d", fg);
-			}
+				OUT(';');
+			/* foreground colors are all in the 3x range */
+			dst = color_output(dst, end - dst, &fg, '3');
 		}
-		if (bg >= 0) {
+		if (!color_empty(&bg)) {
 			if (sep++)
-				*dst++ = ';';
-			if (bg < 8) {
-				*dst++ = '4';
-				*dst++ = '0' + bg;
-			} else {
-				dst += sprintf(dst, "48;5;%d", bg);
-			}
+				OUT(';');
+			/* background colors are all in the 4x range */
+			dst = color_output(dst, end - dst, &bg, '4');
 		}
-		*dst++ = 'm';
+		OUT('m');
 	}
-	*dst = 0;
-	return;
+	OUT(0);
+	return 0;
 bad:
-	die("bad color value '%.*s' for variable '%s'", value_len, value, var);
+	return error(_("invalid color value: %.*s"), value_len, value);
+#undef OUT
 }
 
 int git_config_colorbool(const char *var, const char *value)
diff --git a/color.h b/color.h
index 9a8495bb7f..e155d13f78 100644
--- a/color.h
+++ b/color.h
@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ struct strbuf;
 /*
  * The maximum length of ANSI color sequence we would generate:
  * - leading ESC '['            2
- * - attr + ';'                 2 * 8 (e.g. "1;")
- * - fg color + ';'             9 (e.g. "38;5;2xx;")
- * - fg color + ';'             9 (e.g. "48;5;2xx;")
+ * - attr + ';'                 3 * 10 (e.g. "1;")
+ * - fg color + ';'             17 (e.g. "38;2;255;255;255;")
+ * - bg color + ';'             17 (e.g. "48;2;255;255;255;")
  * - terminating 'm' NUL        2
  *
  * The above overcounts attr (we only use 5 not 8) and one semicolon
  * but it is close enough.
  */
-#define COLOR_MAXLEN 40
+#define COLOR_MAXLEN 70
 
 /*
  * IMPORTANT: Due to the way these color codes are emulated on Windows,
@@ -75,10 +75,17 @@ extern int color_stdout_is_tty;
 int git_color_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 int git_color_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 
+/*
+ * Set the color buffer (which must be COLOR_MAXLEN bytes)
+ * to the raw color bytes; this is useful for initializing
+ * default color variables.
+ */
+void color_set(char *dst, const char *color_bytes);
+
 int git_config_colorbool(const char *var, const char *value);
 int want_color(int var);
-void color_parse(const char *value, const char *var, char *dst);
-void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int len, const char *var, char *dst);
+int color_parse(const char *value, char *dst);
+int color_parse_mem(const char *value, int len, char *dst);
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 int color_fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
diff --git a/column.c b/column.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d55ead18ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/column.c
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+#define XY2LINEAR(d, x, y) (COL_LAYOUT((d)->colopts) == COL_COLUMN ? \
+			    (x) * (d)->rows + (y) : \
+			    (y) * (d)->cols + (x))
+
+struct column_data {
+	const struct string_list *list;
+	unsigned int colopts;
+	struct column_options opts;
+
+	int rows, cols;
+	int *len;		/* cell length */
+	int *width;	      /* index to the longest row in column */
+};
+
+/* return length of 's' in letters, ANSI escapes stripped */
+static int item_length(unsigned int colopts, const char *s)
+{
+	int len, i = 0;
+	struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&str, s);
+	while ((s = strstr(str.buf + i, "\033[")) != NULL) {
+		int len = strspn(s + 2, "0123456789;");
+		i = s - str.buf;
+		strbuf_remove(&str, i, len + 3); /* \033[<len><func char> */
+	}
+	len = utf8_strwidth(str.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&str);
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate cell width, rows and cols for a table of equal cells, given
+ * table width and how many spaces between cells.
+ */
+static void layout(struct column_data *data, int *width)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	*width = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < data->list->nr; i++)
+		if (*width < data->len[i])
+			*width = data->len[i];
+
+	*width += data->opts.padding;
+
+	data->cols = (data->opts.width - strlen(data->opts.indent)) / *width;
+	if (data->cols == 0)
+		data->cols = 1;
+
+	data->rows = DIV_ROUND_UP(data->list->nr, data->cols);
+}
+
+static void compute_column_width(struct column_data *data)
+{
+	int i, x, y;
+	for (x = 0; x < data->cols; x++) {
+		data->width[x] = XY2LINEAR(data, x, 0);
+		for (y = 0; y < data->rows; y++) {
+			i = XY2LINEAR(data, x, y);
+			if (i < data->list->nr &&
+			    data->len[data->width[x]] < data->len[i])
+				data->width[x] = i;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Shrink all columns by shortening them one row each time (and adding
+ * more columns along the way). Hopefully the longest cell will be
+ * moved to the next column, column is shrunk so we have more space
+ * for new columns. The process ends when the whole thing no longer
+ * fits in data->total_width.
+ */
+static void shrink_columns(struct column_data *data)
+{
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(data->width, data->cols);
+	while (data->rows > 1) {
+		int x, total_width, cols, rows;
+		rows = data->rows;
+		cols = data->cols;
+
+		data->rows--;
+		data->cols = DIV_ROUND_UP(data->list->nr, data->rows);
+		if (data->cols != cols)
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(data->width, data->cols);
+		compute_column_width(data);
+
+		total_width = strlen(data->opts.indent);
+		for (x = 0; x < data->cols; x++) {
+			total_width += data->len[data->width[x]];
+			total_width += data->opts.padding;
+		}
+		if (total_width > data->opts.width) {
+			data->rows = rows;
+			data->cols = cols;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	compute_column_width(data);
+}
+
+/* Display without layout when not enabled */
+static void display_plain(const struct string_list *list,
+			  const char *indent, const char *nl)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		printf("%s%s%s", indent, list->items[i].string, nl);
+}
+
+/* Print a cell to stdout with all necessary leading/traling space */
+static int display_cell(struct column_data *data, int initial_width,
+			const char *empty_cell, int x, int y)
+{
+	int i, len, newline;
+
+	i = XY2LINEAR(data, x, y);
+	if (i >= data->list->nr)
+		return -1;
+
+	len = data->len[i];
+	if (data->width && data->len[data->width[x]] < initial_width) {
+		/*
+		 * empty_cell has initial_width chars, if real column
+		 * is narrower, increase len a bit so we fill less
+		 * space.
+		 */
+		len += initial_width - data->len[data->width[x]];
+		len -= data->opts.padding;
+	}
+
+	if (COL_LAYOUT(data->colopts) == COL_COLUMN)
+		newline = i + data->rows >= data->list->nr;
+	else
+		newline = x == data->cols - 1 || i == data->list->nr - 1;
+
+	printf("%s%s%s",
+	       x == 0 ? data->opts.indent : "",
+	       data->list->items[i].string,
+	       newline ? data->opts.nl : empty_cell + len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Display COL_COLUMN or COL_ROW */
+static void display_table(const struct string_list *list,
+			  unsigned int colopts,
+			  const struct column_options *opts)
+{
+	struct column_data data;
+	int x, y, i, initial_width;
+	char *empty_cell;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.list = list;
+	data.colopts = colopts;
+	data.opts = *opts;
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(data.len, list->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		data.len[i] = item_length(colopts, list->items[i].string);
+
+	layout(&data, &initial_width);
+
+	if (colopts & COL_DENSE)
+		shrink_columns(&data);
+
+	empty_cell = xmallocz(initial_width);
+	memset(empty_cell, ' ', initial_width);
+	for (y = 0; y < data.rows; y++) {
+		for (x = 0; x < data.cols; x++)
+			if (display_cell(&data, initial_width, empty_cell, x, y))
+				break;
+	}
+
+	free(data.len);
+	free(data.width);
+	free(empty_cell);
+}
+
+void print_columns(const struct string_list *list, unsigned int colopts,
+		   const struct column_options *opts)
+{
+	struct column_options nopts;
+
+	if (!list->nr)
+		return;
+	assert((colopts & COL_ENABLE_MASK) != COL_AUTO);
+
+	memset(&nopts, 0, sizeof(nopts));
+	nopts.indent = opts && opts->indent ? opts->indent : "";
+	nopts.nl = opts && opts->nl ? opts->nl : "\n";
+	nopts.padding = opts ? opts->padding : 1;
+	nopts.width = opts && opts->width ? opts->width : term_columns() - 1;
+	if (!column_active(colopts)) {
+		display_plain(list, "", "\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	switch (COL_LAYOUT(colopts)) {
+	case COL_PLAIN:
+		display_plain(list, nopts.indent, nopts.nl);
+		break;
+	case COL_ROW:
+	case COL_COLUMN:
+		display_table(list, colopts, &nopts);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid layout mode %d", COL_LAYOUT(colopts));
+	}
+}
+
+int finalize_colopts(unsigned int *colopts, int stdout_is_tty)
+{
+	if ((*colopts & COL_ENABLE_MASK) == COL_AUTO) {
+		if (stdout_is_tty < 0)
+			stdout_is_tty = isatty(1);
+		*colopts &= ~COL_ENABLE_MASK;
+		if (stdout_is_tty)
+			*colopts |= COL_ENABLED;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct colopt {
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned int value;
+	unsigned int mask;
+};
+
+#define LAYOUT_SET 1
+#define ENABLE_SET 2
+
+static int parse_option(const char *arg, int len, unsigned int *colopts,
+			int *group_set)
+{
+	struct colopt opts[] = {
+		{ "always", COL_ENABLED,  COL_ENABLE_MASK },
+		{ "never",  COL_DISABLED, COL_ENABLE_MASK },
+		{ "auto",   COL_AUTO,     COL_ENABLE_MASK },
+		{ "plain",  COL_PLAIN,    COL_LAYOUT_MASK },
+		{ "column", COL_COLUMN,   COL_LAYOUT_MASK },
+		{ "row",    COL_ROW,      COL_LAYOUT_MASK },
+		{ "dense",  COL_DENSE,    0 },
+	};
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(opts); i++) {
+		int set = 1, arg_len = len, name_len;
+		const char *arg_str = arg;
+
+		if (!opts[i].mask) {
+			if (arg_len > 2 && !strncmp(arg_str, "no", 2)) {
+				arg_str += 2;
+				arg_len -= 2;
+				set = 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		name_len = strlen(opts[i].name);
+		if (arg_len != name_len ||
+		    strncmp(arg_str, opts[i].name, name_len))
+			continue;
+
+		switch (opts[i].mask) {
+		case COL_ENABLE_MASK:
+			*group_set |= ENABLE_SET;
+			break;
+		case COL_LAYOUT_MASK:
+			*group_set |= LAYOUT_SET;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (opts[i].mask)
+			*colopts = (*colopts & ~opts[i].mask) | opts[i].value;
+		else {
+			if (set)
+				*colopts |= opts[i].value;
+			else
+				*colopts &= ~opts[i].value;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return error("unsupported option '%s'", arg);
+}
+
+static int parse_config(unsigned int *colopts, const char *value)
+{
+	const char *sep = " ,";
+	int group_set = 0;
+
+	while (*value) {
+		int len = strcspn(value, sep);
+		if (len) {
+			if (parse_option(value, len, colopts, &group_set))
+				return -1;
+
+			value += len;
+		}
+		value += strspn(value, sep);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If none of "always", "never", and "auto" is specified, then setting
+	 * layout implies "always".
+	 *
+	 * Current value in COL_ENABLE_MASK is disregarded. This means if
+	 * you set column.ui = auto and pass --column=row, then "auto"
+	 * will become "always".
+	 */
+	if ((group_set & LAYOUT_SET) && !(group_set & ENABLE_SET))
+		*colopts = (*colopts & ~COL_ENABLE_MASK) | COL_ENABLED;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int column_config(const char *var, const char *value,
+			 const char *key, unsigned int *colopts)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return config_error_nonbool(var);
+	if (parse_config(colopts, value))
+		return error("invalid column.%s mode %s", key, value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_column_config(const char *var, const char *value,
+		      const char *command, unsigned int *colopts)
+{
+	const char *it;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, "column.", &it))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(it, "ui"))
+		return column_config(var, value, "ui", colopts);
+
+	if (command && !strcmp(it, command))
+		return column_config(var, value, it, colopts);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parseopt_column_callback(const struct option *opt,
+			     const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	unsigned int *colopts = opt->value;
+	*colopts |= COL_PARSEOPT;
+	*colopts &= ~COL_ENABLE_MASK;
+	if (unset)		/* --no-column == never */
+		return 0;
+	/* --column == always unless "arg" states otherwise */
+	*colopts |= COL_ENABLED;
+	if (arg)
+		return parse_config(colopts, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fd_out = -1;
+static struct child_process column_process = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+int run_column_filter(int colopts, const struct column_options *opts)
+{
+	struct argv_array *argv;
+
+	if (fd_out != -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	child_process_init(&column_process);
+	argv = &column_process.args;
+
+	argv_array_push(argv, "column");
+	argv_array_pushf(argv, "--raw-mode=%d", colopts);
+	if (opts && opts->width)
+		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--width=%d", opts->width);
+	if (opts && opts->indent)
+		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--indent=%s", opts->indent);
+	if (opts && opts->padding)
+		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--padding=%d", opts->padding);
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	column_process.in = -1;
+	column_process.out = dup(1);
+	column_process.git_cmd = 1;
+
+	if (start_command(&column_process))
+		return -2;
+
+	fd_out = dup(1);
+	close(1);
+	dup2(column_process.in, 1);
+	close(column_process.in);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int stop_column_filter(void)
+{
+	if (fd_out == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	close(1);
+	finish_command(&column_process);
+	dup2(fd_out, 1);
+	close(fd_out);
+	fd_out = -1;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/column.h b/column.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a61917fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/column.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef COLUMN_H
+#define COLUMN_H
+
+#define COL_LAYOUT_MASK   0x000F
+#define COL_ENABLE_MASK   0x0030   /* always, never or auto */
+#define COL_PARSEOPT      0x0040   /* --column is given from cmdline */
+#define COL_DENSE         0x0080   /* Shrink columns when possible,
+				      making space for more columns */
+
+#define COL_DISABLED      0x0000   /* must be zero */
+#define COL_ENABLED       0x0010
+#define COL_AUTO          0x0020
+
+#define COL_LAYOUT(c) ((c) & COL_LAYOUT_MASK)
+#define COL_COLUMN             0   /* Fill columns before rows */
+#define COL_ROW                1   /* Fill rows before columns */
+#define COL_PLAIN             15   /* one column */
+
+#define explicitly_enable_column(c) \
+	(((c) & COL_PARSEOPT) && column_active(c))
+
+struct column_options {
+	int width;
+	int padding;
+	const char *indent;
+	const char *nl;
+};
+
+struct option;
+extern int parseopt_column_callback(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int git_column_config(const char *var, const char *value,
+			     const char *command, unsigned int *colopts);
+extern int finalize_colopts(unsigned int *colopts, int stdout_is_tty);
+static inline int column_active(unsigned int colopts)
+{
+	return (colopts & COL_ENABLE_MASK) == COL_ENABLED;
+}
+
+extern void print_columns(const struct string_list *list, unsigned int colopts,
+			  const struct column_options *opts);
+
+extern int run_column_filter(int colopts, const struct column_options *);
+extern int stop_column_filter(void);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/combine-diff.c b/combine-diff.c
index 214014dc64..5920df8b8d 100644
--- a/combine-diff.c
+++ b/combine-diff.c
@@ -5,18 +5,30 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "xdiff/xmacros.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+
+static int compare_paths(const struct combine_diff_path *one,
+			  const struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	if (!S_ISDIR(one->mode) && !S_ISDIR(two->mode))
+		return strcmp(one->path, two->path);
+
+	return base_name_compare(one->path, strlen(one->path), one->mode,
+				 two->path, strlen(two->path), two->mode);
+}
 
 static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr, int n, int num_parent)
 {
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
-	struct combine_diff_path *p;
-	int i;
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, **tail = &curr;
+	int i, cmp;
 
 	if (!n) {
-		struct combine_diff_path *list = NULL, **tail = &list;
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			int len;
 			const char *path;
@@ -28,60 +40,73 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr,
 			p->path = (char *) &(p->parent[num_parent]);
 			memcpy(p->path, path, len);
 			p->path[len] = 0;
-			p->len = len;
 			p->next = NULL;
 			memset(p->parent, 0,
 			       sizeof(p->parent[0]) * num_parent);
 
-			hashcpy(p->sha1, q->queue[i]->two->sha1);
+			hashcpy(p->oid.hash, q->queue[i]->two->sha1);
 			p->mode = q->queue[i]->two->mode;
-			hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
+			hashcpy(p->parent[n].oid.hash, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
 			p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
 			p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
 			*tail = p;
 			tail = &p->next;
 		}
-		return list;
+		return curr;
 	}
 
-	for (p = curr; p; p = p->next) {
-		int found = 0;
-		if (!p->len)
+	/*
+	 * paths in curr (linked list) and q->queue[] (array) are
+	 * both sorted in the tree order.
+	 */
+	i = 0;
+	while ((p = *tail) != NULL) {
+		cmp = ((i >= q->nr)
+		       ? -1 : compare_paths(p, q->queue[i]->two));
+
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			/* p->path not in q->queue[]; drop it */
+			*tail = p->next;
+			free(p);
 			continue;
-		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
-			const char *path;
-			int len;
+		}
 
-			if (diff_unmodified_pair(q->queue[i]))
-				continue;
-			path = q->queue[i]->two->path;
-			len = strlen(path);
-			if (len == p->len && !memcmp(path, p->path, len)) {
-				found = 1;
-				hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
-				p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
-				p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
-				break;
-			}
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			/* q->queue[i] not in p->path; skip it */
+			i++;
+			continue;
 		}
-		if (!found)
-			p->len = 0;
+
+		hashcpy(p->parent[n].oid.hash, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
+		p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
+		p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
+
+		tail = &p->next;
+		i++;
 	}
 	return curr;
 }
 
 /* Lines lost from parent */
 struct lline {
-	struct lline *next;
+	struct lline *next, *prev;
 	int len;
 	unsigned long parent_map;
 	char line[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+/* Lines lost from current parent (before coalescing) */
+struct plost {
+	struct lline *lost_head, *lost_tail;
+	int len;
+};
+
 /* Lines surviving in the merge result */
 struct sline {
-	struct lline *lost_head, **lost_tail;
-	struct lline *next_lost;
+	/* Accumulated and coalesced lost lines */
+	struct lline *lost;
+	int lenlost;
+	struct plost plost;
 	char *bol;
 	int len;
 	/* bit 0 up to (N-1) are on if the parent has this line (i.e.
@@ -93,7 +118,173 @@ struct sline {
 	unsigned long *p_lno;
 };
 
-static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
+static int match_string_spaces(const char *line1, int len1,
+			       const char *line2, int len2,
+			       long flags)
+{
+	if (flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS) {
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	if (!(flags & (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE)))
+		return (len1 == len2 && !memcmp(line1, line2, len1));
+
+	while (len1 > 0 && len2 > 0) {
+		len1--;
+		len2--;
+		if (XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])) {
+			if ((flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE) &&
+			    (!XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || !XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])))
+				return 0;
+
+			for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]); len1--);
+			for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2]); len2--);
+		}
+		if (line1[len1] != line2[len2])
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE) {
+		/* Consume remaining spaces */
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	/* We matched full line1 and line2 */
+	if (!len1 && !len2)
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum coalesce_direction { MATCH, BASE, NEW };
+
+/* Coalesce new lines into base by finding LCS */
+static struct lline *coalesce_lines(struct lline *base, int *lenbase,
+				    struct lline *new, int lennew,
+				    unsigned long parent, long flags)
+{
+	int **lcs;
+	enum coalesce_direction **directions;
+	struct lline *baseend, *newend = NULL;
+	int i, j, origbaselen = *lenbase;
+
+	if (new == NULL)
+		return base;
+
+	if (base == NULL) {
+		*lenbase = lennew;
+		return new;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Coalesce new lines into base by finding the LCS
+	 * - Create the table to run dynamic programming
+	 * - Compute the LCS
+	 * - Then reverse read the direction structure:
+	 *   - If we have MATCH, assign parent to base flag, and consume
+	 *   both baseend and newend
+	 *   - Else if we have BASE, consume baseend
+	 *   - Else if we have NEW, insert newend lline into base and
+	 *   consume newend
+	 */
+	lcs = xcalloc(st_add(origbaselen, 1), sizeof(int*));
+	directions = xcalloc(st_add(origbaselen, 1), sizeof(enum coalesce_direction*));
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		lcs[i] = xcalloc(st_add(lennew, 1), sizeof(int));
+		directions[i] = xcalloc(st_add(lennew, 1), sizeof(enum coalesce_direction));
+		directions[i][0] = BASE;
+	}
+	for (j = 1; j < lennew + 1; j++)
+		directions[0][j] = NEW;
+
+	for (i = 1, baseend = base; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		for (j = 1, newend = new; j < lennew + 1; j++) {
+			if (match_string_spaces(baseend->line, baseend->len,
+						newend->line, newend->len, flags)) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
+				directions[i][j] = MATCH;
+			} else if (lcs[i][j - 1] >= lcs[i - 1][j]) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i][j - 1];
+				directions[i][j] = NEW;
+			} else {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j];
+				directions[i][j] = BASE;
+			}
+			if (newend->next)
+				newend = newend->next;
+		}
+		if (baseend->next)
+			baseend = baseend->next;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(lcs[i]);
+	free(lcs);
+
+	/* At this point, baseend and newend point to the end of each lists */
+	i--;
+	j--;
+	while (i != 0 || j != 0) {
+		if (directions[i][j] == MATCH) {
+			baseend->parent_map |= 1<<parent;
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			newend = newend->prev;
+			i--;
+			j--;
+		} else if (directions[i][j] == NEW) {
+			struct lline *lline;
+
+			lline = newend;
+			/* Remove lline from new list and update newend */
+			if (lline->prev)
+				lline->prev->next = lline->next;
+			else
+				new = lline->next;
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline->prev;
+
+			newend = lline->prev;
+			j--;
+
+			/* Add lline to base list */
+			if (baseend) {
+				lline->next = baseend->next;
+				lline->prev = baseend;
+				if (lline->prev)
+					lline->prev->next = lline;
+			}
+			else {
+				lline->next = base;
+				base = lline;
+			}
+			(*lenbase)++;
+
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline;
+
+		} else {
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			i--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	newend = new;
+	while (newend) {
+		struct lline *lline = newend;
+		newend = newend->next;
+		free(lline);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(directions[i]);
+	free(directions);
+
+	return base;
+}
+
+static char *grab_blob(const struct object_id *oid, unsigned int mode,
 		       unsigned long *size, struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
 		       const char *path)
 {
@@ -103,20 +294,20 @@ static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 		blob = xmalloc(100);
 		*size = snprintf(blob, 100,
-				 "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	} else if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+				 "Subproject commit %s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
+	} else if (is_null_oid(oid)) {
 		/* deleted blob */
 		*size = 0;
 		return xcalloc(1, 1);
 	} else if (textconv) {
 		struct diff_filespec *df = alloc_filespec(path);
-		fill_filespec(df, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(df, oid->hash, 1, mode);
 		*size = fill_textconv(textconv, df, &blob);
 		free_filespec(df);
 	} else {
-		blob = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, size);
+		blob = read_sha1_file(oid->hash, &type, size);
 		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
-			die("object '%s' is not a blob!", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			die("object '%s' is not a blob!", oid_to_hex(oid));
 	}
 	return blob;
 }
@@ -128,29 +319,17 @@ static void append_lost(struct sline *sline, int n, const char *line, int len)
 	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
 		len--;
 
-	/* Check to see if we can squash things */
-	if (sline->lost_head) {
-		lline = sline->next_lost;
-		while (lline) {
-			if (lline->len == len &&
-			    !memcmp(lline->line, line, len)) {
-				lline->parent_map |= this_mask;
-				sline->next_lost = lline->next;
-				return;
-			}
-			lline = lline->next;
-		}
-	}
-
-	lline = xmalloc(sizeof(*lline) + len + 1);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(lline, line, line, len);
 	lline->len = len;
 	lline->next = NULL;
+	lline->prev = sline->plost.lost_tail;
+	if (lline->prev)
+		lline->prev->next = lline;
+	else
+		sline->plost.lost_head = lline;
+	sline->plost.lost_tail = lline;
+	sline->plost.len++;
 	lline->parent_map = this_mask;
-	memcpy(lline->line, line, len);
-	lline->line[len] = 0;
-	*sline->lost_tail = lline;
-	sline->lost_tail = &lline->next;
-	sline->next_lost = NULL;
 }
 
 struct combine_diff_state {
@@ -193,7 +372,6 @@ static void consume_line(void *state_, char *line, unsigned long len)
 				xcalloc(state->num_parent,
 					sizeof(unsigned long));
 		state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno[state->n] = state->ob;
-		state->lost_bucket->next_lost = state->lost_bucket->lost_head;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!state->lost_bucket)
@@ -209,12 +387,12 @@ static void consume_line(void *state_, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	}
 }
 
-static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
+static void combine_diff(const struct object_id *parent, unsigned int mode,
 			 mmfile_t *result_file,
 			 struct sline *sline, unsigned int cnt, int n,
 			 int num_parent, int result_deleted,
 			 struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
-			 const char *path)
+			 const char *path, long flags)
 {
 	unsigned int p_lno, lno;
 	unsigned long nmask = (1UL << n);
@@ -230,7 +408,7 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 	parent_file.ptr = grab_blob(parent, mode, &sz, textconv, path);
 	parent_file.size = sz;
 	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = 0;
+	xpp.flags = flags;
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
 	state.nmask = nmask;
@@ -239,8 +417,10 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 	state.num_parent = num_parent;
 	state.n = n;
 
-	xdi_diff_outf(&parent_file, result_file, consume_line, &state,
-		      &xpp, &xecfg);
+	if (xdi_diff_outf(&parent_file, result_file, consume_line, &state,
+			  &xpp, &xecfg))
+		die("unable to generate combined diff for %s",
+		    oid_to_hex(parent));
 	free(parent_file.ptr);
 
 	/* Assign line numbers for this parent.
@@ -254,8 +434,18 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 		struct lline *ll;
 		sline[lno].p_lno[n] = p_lno;
 
+		/* Coalesce new lines */
+		if (sline[lno].plost.lost_head) {
+			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno];
+			sl->lost = coalesce_lines(sl->lost, &sl->lenlost,
+						  sl->plost.lost_head,
+						  sl->plost.len, n, flags);
+			sl->plost.lost_head = sl->plost.lost_tail = NULL;
+			sl->plost.len = 0;
+		}
+
 		/* How many lines would this sline advance the p_lno? */
-		ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		ll = sline[lno].lost;
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & nmask)
 				p_lno++; /* '-' means parent had it */
@@ -275,7 +465,7 @@ static int interesting(struct sline *sline, unsigned long all_mask)
 	/* If some parents lost lines here, or if we have added to
 	 * some parent, it is interesting.
 	 */
-	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost_head);
+	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost);
 }
 
 static unsigned long adjust_hunk_tail(struct sline *sline,
@@ -343,8 +533,11 @@ static int give_context(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent)
 		unsigned long k;
 
 		/* Paint a few lines before the first interesting line. */
-		while (j < i)
-			sline[j++].flag |= mark | no_pre_delete;
+		while (j < i) {
+			if (!(sline[j].flag & mark))
+				sline[j].flag |= no_pre_delete;
+			sline[j++].flag |= mark;
+		}
 
 	again:
 		/* we know up to i is to be included.  where does the
@@ -422,7 +615,7 @@ static int make_hunks(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 						     hunk_begin, j);
 				la = (la + context < cnt + 1) ?
 					(la + context) : cnt + 1;
-				while (j <= --la) {
+				while (la && j <= --la) {
 					if (sline[la].flag & mark) {
 						contin = 1;
 						break;
@@ -458,7 +651,7 @@ static int make_hunks(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 		has_interesting = 0;
 		for (j = i; j < hunk_end && !has_interesting; j++) {
 			unsigned long this_diff = sline[j].flag & all_mask;
-			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost_head;
+			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost;
 			if (this_diff) {
 				/* This has some changes.  Is it the
 				 * same as others?
@@ -525,7 +718,8 @@ static void show_line_to_eol(const char *line, int len, const char *reset)
 	       saw_cr_at_eol ? "\r" : "");
 }
 
-static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
+static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, const char *line_prefix,
+		       unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 		       int use_color, int result_deleted)
 {
 	unsigned long mark = (1UL<<num_parent);
@@ -536,7 +730,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 	const char *c_func = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_FUNCINFO);
 	const char *c_new = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 	const char *c_old = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
-	const char *c_plain = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_PLAIN);
+	const char *c_context = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_CONTEXT);
 	const char *c_reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
 
 	if (result_deleted)
@@ -581,7 +775,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			rlines -= null_context;
 		}
 
-		fputs(c_frag, stdout);
+		printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_frag);
 		for (i = 0; i <= num_parent; i++) putchar(combine_marker);
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
 			show_parent_lno(sline, lno, hunk_end, i, null_context);
@@ -599,7 +793,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			}
 			if (comment_end)
 				printf("%s%s %s%s", c_reset,
-						    c_plain, c_reset,
+						    c_context, c_reset,
 						    c_func);
 			for (i = 0; i < comment_end; i++)
 				putchar(hunk_comment[i]);
@@ -611,9 +805,9 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			int j;
 			unsigned long p_mask;
 			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno++];
-			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost_head;
+			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost;
 			while (ll) {
-				fputs(c_old, stdout);
+				printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_old);
 				for (j = 0; j < num_parent; j++) {
 					if (ll->parent_map & (1UL<<j))
 						putchar('-');
@@ -626,6 +820,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			if (cnt < lno)
 				break;
 			p_mask = 1;
+			fputs(line_prefix, stdout);
 			if (!(sl->flag & (mark-1))) {
 				/*
 				 * This sline was here to hang the
@@ -633,7 +828,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 				 */
 				if (!context)
 					continue;
-				fputs(c_plain, stdout);
+				fputs(c_context, stdout);
 			}
 			else
 				fputs(c_new, stdout);
@@ -661,7 +856,7 @@ static void reuse_combine_diff(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 	jmask = (1UL<<j);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt; lno++) {
-		struct lline *ll = sline->lost_head;
+		struct lline *ll = sline->lost;
 		sline->p_lno[i] = sline->p_lno[j];
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & jmask)
@@ -679,11 +874,13 @@ static void reuse_combine_diff(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 static void dump_quoted_path(const char *head,
 			     const char *prefix,
 			     const char *path,
+			     const char *line_prefix,
 			     const char *c_meta, const char *c_reset)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, line_prefix);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, c_meta);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, head);
 	quote_two_c_style(&buf, prefix, path, 0);
@@ -695,11 +892,12 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 				 int num_parent,
 				 int dense,
 				 struct rev_info *rev,
+				 const char *line_prefix,
 				 int mode_differs,
 				 int show_file_header)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	int abbrev = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FULL_INDEX) ? 40 : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	int abbrev = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FULL_INDEX) ? GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
 	const char *a_prefix = opt->a_prefix ? opt->a_prefix : "a/";
 	const char *b_prefix = opt->b_prefix ? opt->b_prefix : "b/";
 	const char *c_meta = diff_get_color_opt(opt, DIFF_METAINFO);
@@ -713,14 +911,14 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 		show_log(rev);
 
 	dump_quoted_path(dense ? "diff --cc " : "diff --combined ",
-			 "", elem->path, c_meta, c_reset);
-	printf("%sindex ", c_meta);
+			 "", elem->path, line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%sindex ", line_prefix, c_meta);
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].oid.hash,
 					 abbrev);
 		printf("%s%s", i ? "," : "", abb);
 	}
-	abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->sha1, abbrev);
+	abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->oid.hash, abbrev);
 	printf("..%s%s\n", abb, c_reset);
 
 	if (mode_differs) {
@@ -733,11 +931,12 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 			    DIFF_STATUS_ADDED)
 				added = 0;
 		if (added)
-			printf("%snew file mode %06o",
-			       c_meta, elem->mode);
+			printf("%s%snew file mode %06o",
+			       line_prefix, c_meta, elem->mode);
 		else {
 			if (deleted)
-				printf("%sdeleted file ", c_meta);
+				printf("%s%sdeleted file ",
+				       line_prefix, c_meta);
 			printf("mode ");
 			for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 				printf("%s%06o", i ? "," : "",
@@ -754,16 +953,16 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 
 	if (added)
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", a_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	if (deleted)
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", b_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 }
 
 static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
@@ -781,6 +980,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	struct userdiff_driver *userdiff;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv = NULL;
 	int is_binary;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	context = opt->context;
 	userdiff = userdiff_find_by_path(elem->path);
@@ -791,7 +991,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 
 	/* Read the result of merge first */
 	if (!working_tree_file)
-		result = grab_blob(elem->sha1, elem->mode, &result_size,
+		result = grab_blob(&elem->oid, elem->mode, &result_size,
 				   textconv, elem->path);
 	else {
 		/* Used by diff-tree to read from the working tree */
@@ -805,24 +1005,23 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 			if (strbuf_readlink(&buf, elem->path, st.st_size) < 0) {
-				error("readlink(%s): %s", elem->path,
-				      strerror(errno));
+				error_errno("readlink(%s)", elem->path);
 				return;
 			}
 			result_size = buf.len;
 			result = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 			elem->mode = canon_mode(st.st_mode);
 		} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(elem->path, "HEAD", sha1) < 0)
-				result = grab_blob(elem->sha1, elem->mode,
+			struct object_id oid;
+			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(elem->path, "HEAD", oid.hash) < 0)
+				result = grab_blob(&elem->oid, elem->mode,
 						   &result_size, NULL, NULL);
 			else
-				result = grab_blob(sha1, elem->mode,
+				result = grab_blob(&oid, elem->mode,
 						   &result_size, NULL, NULL);
 		} else if (textconv) {
 			struct diff_filespec *df = alloc_filespec(elem->path);
-			fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, st.st_mode);
+			fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, 0, st.st_mode);
 			result_size = fill_textconv(textconv, df, &result);
 			free_filespec(df);
 		} else if (0 <= (fd = open(elem->path, O_RDONLY))) {
@@ -841,7 +1040,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 				elem->mode = canon_mode(S_IFLNK);
 
 			result_size = len;
-			result = xmalloc(len + 1);
+			result = xmallocz(len);
 
 			done = read_in_full(fd, result, len);
 			if (done < 0)
@@ -849,8 +1048,6 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 			else if (done < len)
 				die("early EOF '%s'", elem->path);
 
-			result[len] = 0;
-
 			/* If not a fake symlink, apply filters, e.g. autocrlf */
 			if (is_file) {
 				struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -890,7 +1087,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 		for (i = 0; !is_binary && i < num_parent; i++) {
 			char *buf;
 			unsigned long size;
-			buf = grab_blob(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+			buf = grab_blob(&elem->parent[i].oid,
 					elem->parent[i].mode,
 					&size, NULL, NULL);
 			if (buffer_is_binary(buf, size))
@@ -900,7 +1097,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	}
 	if (is_binary) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 0);
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 0);
 		printf("Binary files differ\n");
 		free(result);
 		return;
@@ -913,12 +1110,8 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	if (result_size && result[result_size-1] != '\n')
 		cnt++; /* incomplete line */
 
-	sline = xcalloc(cnt+2, sizeof(*sline));
+	sline = xcalloc(st_add(cnt, 2), sizeof(*sline));
 	sline[0].bol = result;
-	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt + 1; lno++) {
-		sline[lno].lost_tail = &sline[lno].lost_head;
-		sline[lno].flag = 0;
-	}
 	for (lno = 0, cp = result; cp < result + result_size; cp++) {
 		if (*cp == '\n') {
 			sline[lno].len = cp - sline[lno].bol;
@@ -936,40 +1129,40 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	/* Even p_lno[cnt+1] is valid -- that is for the end line number
 	 * for deletion hunk at the end.
 	 */
-	sline[0].p_lno = xcalloc((cnt+2) * num_parent, sizeof(unsigned long));
+	sline[0].p_lno = xcalloc(st_mult(st_add(cnt, 2), num_parent), sizeof(unsigned long));
 	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt; lno++)
 		sline[lno+1].p_lno = sline[lno].p_lno + num_parent;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		int j;
 		for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
-			if (!hashcmp(elem->parent[i].sha1,
-				     elem->parent[j].sha1)) {
+			if (!oidcmp(&elem->parent[i].oid,
+				     &elem->parent[j].oid)) {
 				reuse_combine_diff(sline, cnt, i, j);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 		if (i <= j)
-			combine_diff(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+			combine_diff(&elem->parent[i].oid,
 				     elem->parent[i].mode,
 				     &result_file, sline,
 				     cnt, i, num_parent, result_deleted,
-				     textconv, elem->path);
+				     textconv, elem->path, opt->xdl_opts);
 	}
 
 	show_hunks = make_hunks(sline, cnt, num_parent, dense);
 
 	if (show_hunks || mode_differs || working_tree_file) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 1);
-		dump_sline(sline, cnt, num_parent,
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 1);
+		dump_sline(sline, line_prefix, cnt, num_parent,
 			   opt->use_color, result_deleted);
 	}
 	free(result);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno < cnt; lno++) {
-		if (sline[lno].lost_head) {
-			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		if (sline[lno].lost) {
+			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost;
 			while (ll) {
 				struct lline *tmp = ll;
 				ll = ll->next;
@@ -981,14 +1174,11 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	free(sline);
 }
 
-#define COLONS "::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"
-
 static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	int i, offset;
-	const char *prefix;
-	int line_termination, inter_name_termination;
+	int line_termination, inter_name_termination, i;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	inter_name_termination = '\t';
@@ -998,24 +1188,24 @@ static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct re
 	if (rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id)
 		show_log(rev);
 
+
 	if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_RAW) {
-		offset = strlen(COLONS) - num_parent;
-		if (offset < 0)
-			offset = 0;
-		prefix = COLONS + offset;
+		printf("%s", line_prefix);
+
+		/* As many colons as there are parents */
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			putchar(':');
 
 		/* Show the modes */
-		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-			printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->parent[i].mode);
-			prefix = " ";
-		}
-		printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->mode);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			printf("%06o ", p->parent[i].mode);
+		printf("%06o", p->mode);
 
 		/* Show sha1's */
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
-			printf(" %s", diff_unique_abbrev(p->parent[i].sha1,
+			printf(" %s", diff_unique_abbrev(p->parent[i].oid.hash,
 							 opt->abbrev));
-		printf(" %s ", diff_unique_abbrev(p->sha1, opt->abbrev));
+		printf(" %s ", diff_unique_abbrev(p->oid.hash, opt->abbrev));
 	}
 
 	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW | DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
@@ -1039,8 +1229,7 @@ void show_combined_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p,
 		       struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	if (!p->len)
-		return;
+
 	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
 				  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME |
 				  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS))
@@ -1072,23 +1261,23 @@ static struct diff_filepair *combined_pair(struct combine_diff_path *p,
 	struct diff_filespec *pool;
 
 	pair = xmalloc(sizeof(*pair));
-	pool = xcalloc(num_parent + 1, sizeof(struct diff_filespec));
+	pool = xcalloc(st_add(num_parent, 1), sizeof(struct diff_filespec));
 	pair->one = pool + 1;
 	pair->two = pool;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		pair->one[i].path = p->path;
 		pair->one[i].mode = p->parent[i].mode;
-		hashcpy(pair->one[i].sha1, p->parent[i].sha1);
-		pair->one[i].sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(p->parent[i].sha1);
+		hashcpy(pair->one[i].sha1, p->parent[i].oid.hash);
+		pair->one[i].sha1_valid = !is_null_oid(&p->parent[i].oid);
 		pair->one[i].has_more_entries = 1;
 	}
 	pair->one[num_parent - 1].has_more_entries = 0;
 
 	pair->two->path = p->path;
 	pair->two->mode = p->mode;
-	hashcpy(pair->two->sha1, p->sha1);
-	pair->two->sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(p->sha1);
+	hashcpy(pair->two->sha1, p->oid.hash);
+	pair->two->sha1_valid = !is_null_oid(&p->oid);
 	return pair;
 }
 
@@ -1104,71 +1293,213 @@ static void handle_combined_callback(struct diff_options *opt,
 	q.queue = xcalloc(num_paths, sizeof(struct diff_filepair *));
 	q.alloc = num_paths;
 	q.nr = num_paths;
-	for (i = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (!p->len)
-			continue;
+	for (i = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next)
 		q.queue[i++] = combined_pair(p, num_parent);
-	}
 	opt->format_callback(&q, opt, opt->format_callback_data);
 	for (i = 0; i < num_paths; i++)
 		free_combined_pair(q.queue[i]);
 	free(q.queue);
 }
 
+static const char *path_path(void *obj)
+{
+	struct combine_diff_path *path = (struct combine_diff_path *)obj;
+
+	return path->path;
+}
+
+
+/* find set of paths that every parent touches */
+static struct combine_diff_path *find_paths_generic(const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const struct sha1_array *parents, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct combine_diff_path *paths = NULL;
+	int i, num_parent = parents->nr;
+
+	int output_format = opt->output_format;
+	const char *orderfile = opt->orderfile;
+
+	opt->output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	/* tell diff_tree to emit paths in sorted (=tree) order */
+	opt->orderfile = NULL;
+
+	/* D(A,P1...Pn) = D(A,P1) ^ ... ^ D(A,Pn)  (wrt paths) */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * show stat against the first parent even when doing
+		 * combined diff.
+		 */
+		int stat_opt = (output_format &
+				(DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT|DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT));
+		if (i == 0 && stat_opt)
+			opt->output_format = stat_opt;
+		else
+			opt->output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+		diff_tree_sha1(parents->sha1[i], sha1, "", opt);
+		diffcore_std(opt);
+		paths = intersect_paths(paths, i, num_parent);
+
+		/* if showing diff, show it in requested order */
+		if (opt->output_format != DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT &&
+		    orderfile) {
+			diffcore_order(orderfile);
+		}
+
+		diff_flush(opt);
+	}
+
+	opt->output_format = output_format;
+	opt->orderfile = orderfile;
+	return paths;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * find set of paths that everybody touches, assuming diff is run without
+ * rename/copy detection, etc, comparing all trees simultaneously (= faster).
+ */
+static struct combine_diff_path *find_paths_multitree(
+	const unsigned char *sha1, const struct sha1_array *parents,
+	struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int i, nparent = parents->nr;
+	const unsigned char **parents_sha1;
+	struct combine_diff_path paths_head;
+	struct strbuf base;
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(parents_sha1, nparent);
+	for (i = 0; i < nparent; i++)
+		parents_sha1[i] = parents->sha1[i];
+
+	/* fake list head, so worker can assume it is non-NULL */
+	paths_head.next = NULL;
+
+	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
+	diff_tree_paths(&paths_head, sha1, parents_sha1, nparent, &base, opt);
+
+	strbuf_release(&base);
+	free(parents_sha1);
+	return paths_head.next;
+}
+
+
 void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
-			const unsigned char parent[][20],
-			int num_parent,
+			const struct sha1_array *parents,
 			int dense,
 			struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
 	struct diff_options diffopts;
-	struct combine_diff_path *p, *paths = NULL;
-	int i, num_paths, needsep, show_log_first;
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, *paths;
+	int i, num_paths, needsep, show_log_first, num_parent = parents->nr;
+	int need_generic_pathscan;
+
+	/* nothing to do, if no parents */
+	if (!num_parent)
+		return;
+
+	show_log_first = !!rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id;
+	needsep = 0;
+	if (show_log_first) {
+		show_log(rev);
+
+		if (rev->verbose_header && opt->output_format &&
+		    opt->output_format != DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT &&
+		    !commit_format_is_empty(rev->commit_format))
+			printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+			       opt->line_termination);
+	}
 
 	diffopts = *opt;
-	diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	copy_pathspec(&diffopts.pathspec, &opt->pathspec);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diffopts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&diffopts, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
 
-	show_log_first = !!rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id;
-	needsep = 0;
-	/* find set of paths that everybody touches */
-	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-		/* show stat against the first parent even
+	/* find set of paths that everybody touches
+	 *
+	 * NOTE
+	 *
+	 * Diffcore transformations are bound to diff_filespec and logic
+	 * comparing two entries - i.e. they do not apply directly to combine
+	 * diff.
+	 *
+	 * If some of such transformations is requested - we launch generic
+	 * path scanning, which works significantly slower compared to
+	 * simultaneous all-trees-in-one-go scan in find_paths_multitree().
+	 *
+	 * TODO some of the filters could be ported to work on
+	 * combine_diff_paths - i.e. all functionality that skips paths, so in
+	 * theory, we could end up having only multitree path scanning.
+	 *
+	 * NOTE please keep this semantically in sync with diffcore_std()
+	 */
+	need_generic_pathscan = opt->skip_stat_unmatch	||
+			DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES)	||
+			opt->break_opt != -1	||
+			opt->detect_rename	||
+			opt->pickaxe		||
+			opt->filter;
+
+
+	if (need_generic_pathscan) {
+		/*
+		 * NOTE generic case also handles --stat, as it computes
+		 * diff(sha1,parent_i) for all i to do the job, specifically
+		 * for parent0.
+		 */
+		paths = find_paths_generic(sha1, parents, &diffopts);
+	}
+	else {
+		int stat_opt;
+		paths = find_paths_multitree(sha1, parents, &diffopts);
+
+		/*
+		 * show stat against the first parent even
 		 * when doing combined diff.
 		 */
-		int stat_opt = (opt->output_format &
+		stat_opt = (opt->output_format &
 				(DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT|DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT));
-		if (i == 0 && stat_opt)
+		if (stat_opt) {
 			diffopts.output_format = stat_opt;
-		else
-			diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent[i], sha1, "", &diffopts);
-		diffcore_std(&diffopts);
-		paths = intersect_paths(paths, i, num_parent);
 
-		if (show_log_first && i == 0) {
-			show_log(rev);
-			if (rev->verbose_header && opt->output_format)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+			diff_tree_sha1(parents->sha1[0], sha1, "", &diffopts);
+			diffcore_std(&diffopts);
+			if (opt->orderfile)
+				diffcore_order(opt->orderfile);
+			diff_flush(&diffopts);
 		}
-		diff_flush(&diffopts);
 	}
 
-	/* find out surviving paths */
-	for (num_paths = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (p->len)
-			num_paths++;
+	/* find out number of surviving paths */
+	for (num_paths = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next)
+		num_paths++;
+
+	/* order paths according to diffcore_order */
+	if (opt->orderfile && num_paths) {
+		struct obj_order *o;
+
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(o, num_paths);
+		for (i = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next, i++)
+			o[i].obj = p;
+		order_objects(opt->orderfile, path_path, o, num_paths);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_paths - 1; i++) {
+			p = o[i].obj;
+			p->next = o[i+1].obj;
+		}
+
+		p = o[num_paths-1].obj;
+		p->next = NULL;
+		paths = o[0].obj;
+		free(o);
 	}
+
+
 	if (num_paths) {
 		if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
 					  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME |
 					  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
-			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
-				if (p->len)
-					show_raw_diff(p, num_parent, rev);
-			}
+			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next)
+				show_raw_diff(p, num_parent, rev);
 			needsep = 1;
 		}
 		else if (opt->output_format &
@@ -1179,12 +1510,11 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 		if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 			if (needsep)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
-			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
-				if (p->len)
-					show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense,
-							0, rev);
-			}
+				printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+				       opt->line_termination);
+			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next)
+				show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense,
+						0, rev);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1194,27 +1524,20 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		paths = paths->next;
 		free(tmp);
 	}
+
+	clear_pathspec(&diffopts.pathspec);
 }
 
-void diff_tree_combined_merge(const unsigned char *sha1,
-			     int dense, struct rev_info *rev)
+void diff_tree_combined_merge(const struct commit *commit, int dense,
+			      struct rev_info *rev)
 {
-	int num_parent;
-	const unsigned char (*parent)[20];
-	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
-	struct commit_list *parents;
-
-	/* count parents */
-	for (parents = commit->parents, num_parent = 0;
-	     parents;
-	     parents = parents->next, num_parent++)
-		; /* nothing */
-
-	parent = xmalloc(num_parent * sizeof(*parent));
-	for (parents = commit->parents, num_parent = 0;
-	     parents;
-	     parents = parents->next, num_parent++)
-		hashcpy((unsigned char *)(parent + num_parent),
-			parents->item->object.sha1);
-	diff_tree_combined(sha1, parent, num_parent, dense, rev);
+	struct commit_list *parent = get_saved_parents(rev, commit);
+	struct sha1_array parents = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+	while (parent) {
+		sha1_array_append(&parents, parent->item->object.oid.hash);
+		parent = parent->next;
+	}
+	diff_tree_combined(commit->object.oid.hash, &parents, dense, rev);
+	sha1_array_clear(&parents);
 }
diff --git a/command-list.txt b/command-list.txt
index a36ee9b015..2a94137bbb 100644
--- a/command-list.txt
+++ b/command-list.txt
@@ -1,70 +1,86 @@
-# List of known git commands.
-# command name				category [deprecated] [common]
-git-add                                 mainporcelain common
+# common commands are grouped by themes
+# these groups are output by 'git help' in the order declared here.
+# map each common command in the command list to one of these groups.
+### common groups (do not change this line)
+init         start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
+worktree     work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
+info         examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
+history      grow, mark and tweak your common history
+remote       collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
+
+### command list (do not change this line)
+# command name                          category [deprecated] [common]
+git-add                                 mainporcelain           worktree
 git-am                                  mainporcelain
 git-annotate                            ancillaryinterrogators
 git-apply                               plumbingmanipulators
 git-archimport                          foreignscminterface
 git-archive                             mainporcelain
-git-bisect                              mainporcelain common
+git-bisect                              mainporcelain           info
 git-blame                               ancillaryinterrogators
-git-branch                              mainporcelain common
+git-branch                              mainporcelain           history
 git-bundle                              mainporcelain
 git-cat-file                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-check-attr                          purehelpers
-git-checkout                            mainporcelain common
+git-check-ignore                        purehelpers
+git-check-mailmap                       purehelpers
+git-checkout                            mainporcelain           history
 git-checkout-index                      plumbingmanipulators
 git-check-ref-format                    purehelpers
 git-cherry                              ancillaryinterrogators
 git-cherry-pick                         mainporcelain
 git-citool                              mainporcelain
 git-clean                               mainporcelain
-git-clone                               mainporcelain common
-git-commit                              mainporcelain common
+git-clone                               mainporcelain           init
+git-column                              purehelpers
+git-commit                              mainporcelain           history
 git-commit-tree                         plumbingmanipulators
 git-config                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-count-objects                       ancillaryinterrogators
+git-credential                          purehelpers
+git-credential-cache                    purehelpers
+git-credential-store                    purehelpers
 git-cvsexportcommit                     foreignscminterface
 git-cvsimport                           foreignscminterface
 git-cvsserver                           foreignscminterface
 git-daemon                              synchingrepositories
 git-describe                            mainporcelain
-git-diff                                mainporcelain common
+git-diff                                mainporcelain           history
 git-diff-files                          plumbinginterrogators
 git-diff-index                          plumbinginterrogators
 git-diff-tree                           plumbinginterrogators
 git-difftool                            ancillaryinterrogators
-git-fast-export				ancillarymanipulators
-git-fast-import				ancillarymanipulators
-git-fetch                               mainporcelain common
+git-fast-export                         ancillarymanipulators
+git-fast-import                         ancillarymanipulators
+git-fetch                               mainporcelain           remote
 git-fetch-pack                          synchingrepositories
 git-filter-branch                       ancillarymanipulators
 git-fmt-merge-msg                       purehelpers
 git-for-each-ref                        plumbinginterrogators
 git-format-patch                        mainporcelain
-git-fsck	                        ancillaryinterrogators
+git-fsck                                ancillaryinterrogators
 git-gc                                  mainporcelain
 git-get-tar-commit-id                   ancillaryinterrogators
-git-grep                                mainporcelain common
+git-grep                                mainporcelain           info
 git-gui                                 mainporcelain
 git-hash-object                         plumbingmanipulators
-git-help				ancillaryinterrogators
+git-help                                ancillaryinterrogators
 git-http-backend                        synchingrepositories
 git-http-fetch                          synchelpers
 git-http-push                           synchelpers
 git-imap-send                           foreignscminterface
 git-index-pack                          plumbingmanipulators
-git-init                                mainporcelain common
+git-init                                mainporcelain           init
 git-instaweb                            ancillaryinterrogators
+git-interpret-trailers                  purehelpers
 gitk                                    mainporcelain
-git-log                                 mainporcelain common
-git-lost-found                          ancillarymanipulators	deprecated
+git-log                                 mainporcelain           info
 git-ls-files                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-ls-remote                           plumbinginterrogators
 git-ls-tree                             plumbinginterrogators
 git-mailinfo                            purehelpers
 git-mailsplit                           purehelpers
-git-merge                               mainporcelain common
+git-merge                               mainporcelain           history
 git-merge-base                          plumbinginterrogators
 git-merge-file                          plumbingmanipulators
 git-merge-index                         plumbingmanipulators
@@ -73,53 +89,52 @@ git-mergetool                           ancillarymanipulators
 git-merge-tree                          ancillaryinterrogators
 git-mktag                               plumbingmanipulators
 git-mktree                              plumbingmanipulators
-git-mv                                  mainporcelain common
+git-mv                                  mainporcelain           worktree
 git-name-rev                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-notes                               mainporcelain
+git-p4                                  foreignscminterface
 git-pack-objects                        plumbingmanipulators
 git-pack-redundant                      plumbinginterrogators
 git-pack-refs                           ancillarymanipulators
 git-parse-remote                        synchelpers
 git-patch-id                            purehelpers
-git-peek-remote                         purehelpers	deprecated
 git-prune                               ancillarymanipulators
 git-prune-packed                        plumbingmanipulators
-git-pull                                mainporcelain common
-git-push                                mainporcelain common
+git-pull                                mainporcelain           remote
+git-push                                mainporcelain           remote
 git-quiltimport                         foreignscminterface
 git-read-tree                           plumbingmanipulators
-git-rebase                              mainporcelain common
+git-rebase                              mainporcelain           history
 git-receive-pack                        synchelpers
 git-reflog                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-relink                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-remote                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-repack                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-replace                             ancillarymanipulators
-git-repo-config                         ancillarymanipulators	deprecated
 git-request-pull                        foreignscminterface
 git-rerere                              ancillaryinterrogators
-git-reset                               mainporcelain common
+git-reset                               mainporcelain           worktree
 git-revert                              mainporcelain
 git-rev-list                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-rev-parse                           ancillaryinterrogators
-git-rm                                  mainporcelain common
+git-rm                                  mainporcelain           worktree
 git-send-email                          foreignscminterface
 git-send-pack                           synchingrepositories
 git-shell                               synchelpers
 git-shortlog                            mainporcelain
-git-show                                mainporcelain common
+git-show                                mainporcelain           info
 git-show-branch                         ancillaryinterrogators
 git-show-index                          plumbinginterrogators
 git-show-ref                            plumbinginterrogators
+git-sh-i18n                             purehelpers
 git-sh-setup                            purehelpers
 git-stash                               mainporcelain
-git-status                              mainporcelain common
+git-status                              mainporcelain           info
 git-stripspace                          purehelpers
 git-submodule                           mainporcelain
 git-svn                                 foreignscminterface
 git-symbolic-ref                        plumbingmanipulators
-git-tag                                 mainporcelain common
-git-tar-tree                            plumbinginterrogators	deprecated
+git-tag                                 mainporcelain           history
 git-unpack-file                         plumbinginterrogators
 git-unpack-objects                      plumbingmanipulators
 git-update-index                        plumbingmanipulators
@@ -128,8 +143,10 @@ git-update-server-info                  synchingrepositories
 git-upload-archive                      synchelpers
 git-upload-pack                         synchelpers
 git-var                                 plumbinginterrogators
+git-verify-commit                       ancillaryinterrogators
 git-verify-pack                         plumbinginterrogators
 git-verify-tag                          ancillaryinterrogators
 gitweb                                  ancillaryinterrogators
 git-whatchanged                         ancillaryinterrogators
+git-worktree                            mainporcelain
 git-write-tree                          plumbingmanipulators
diff --git a/commit-slab.h b/commit-slab.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f84b449413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commit-slab.h
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#ifndef COMMIT_SLAB_H
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_H
+
+/*
+ * define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) creates boilerplate code to define
+ * a new struct (struct slabname) that is used to associate a piece of data
+ * of elemtype to commits, and a few functions to use that struct.
+ *
+ * After including this header file, using:
+ *
+ * define_commit_slab(indegee, int);
+ *
+ * will let you call the following functions:
+ *
+ * - int *indegree_at(struct indegree *, struct commit *);
+ *
+ *   This function locates the data associated with the given commit in
+ *   the indegree slab, and returns the pointer to it.  The location to
+ *   store the data is allocated as necessary.
+ *
+ * - int *indegree_peek(struct indegree *, struct commit *);
+ *
+ *   This function is similar to indegree_at(), but it will return NULL
+ *   until a call to indegree_at() was made for the commit.
+ *
+ * - void init_indegree(struct indegree *);
+ *   void init_indegree_with_stride(struct indegree *, int);
+ *
+ *   Initializes the indegree slab that associates an array of integers
+ *   to each commit. 'stride' specifies how big each array is.  The slab
+ *   that is initialized by the variant without "_with_stride" associates
+ *   each commit with an array of one integer.
+ *
+ * - void clear_indegree(struct indegree *);
+ *
+ *   Empties the slab.  The slab can be reused with the same stride
+ *   without calling init_indegree() again or can be reconfigured to a
+ *   different stride by calling init_indegree_with_stride().
+ *
+ *   Call this function before the slab falls out of scope to avoid
+ *   leaking memory.
+ */
+
+/* allocate ~512kB at once, allowing for malloc overhead */
+#ifndef COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE (512*1024-32)
+#endif
+
+#define MAYBE_UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
+
+#define define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) 				\
+									\
+struct slabname {							\
+	unsigned slab_size;						\
+	unsigned stride;						\
+	unsigned slab_count;						\
+	elemtype **slab;						\
+};									\
+static int stat_ ##slabname## realloc;					\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED void init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(struct slabname *s, \
+						   unsigned stride)	\
+{									\
+	unsigned int elem_size;						\
+	if (!stride)							\
+		stride = 1;						\
+	s->stride = stride;						\
+	elem_size = sizeof(elemtype) * stride;				\
+	s->slab_size = COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE / elem_size;			\
+	s->slab_count = 0;						\
+	s->slab = NULL;							\
+}									\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED void init_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)		\
+{									\
+	init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(s, 1);				\
+}									\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED void clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)		\
+{									\
+	int i;								\
+	for (i = 0; i < s->slab_count; i++)				\
+		free(s->slab[i]);					\
+	s->slab_count = 0;						\
+	free(s->slab);							\
+	s->slab = NULL;							\
+}									\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED elemtype *slabname## _at_peek(struct slabname *s,	\
+						  const struct commit *c, \
+						  int add_if_missing)   \
+{									\
+	int nth_slab, nth_slot;						\
+									\
+	nth_slab = c->index / s->slab_size;				\
+	nth_slot = c->index % s->slab_size;				\
+									\
+	if (s->slab_count <= nth_slab) {				\
+		int i;							\
+		if (!add_if_missing)					\
+			return NULL;					\
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(s->slab, nth_slab + 1);			\
+		stat_ ##slabname## realloc++;				\
+		for (i = s->slab_count; i <= nth_slab; i++)		\
+			s->slab[i] = NULL;				\
+		s->slab_count = nth_slab + 1;				\
+	}								\
+	if (!s->slab[nth_slab]) {					\
+		if (!add_if_missing)					\
+			return NULL;					\
+		s->slab[nth_slab] = xcalloc(s->slab_size,		\
+					    sizeof(**s->slab) * s->stride);		\
+	}								\
+	return &s->slab[nth_slab][nth_slot * s->stride];		\
+}									\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED elemtype *slabname## _at(struct slabname *s,	\
+					     const struct commit *c)	\
+{									\
+	return slabname##_at_peek(s, c, 1);				\
+}									\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED elemtype *slabname## _peek(struct slabname *s,	\
+					     const struct commit *c)	\
+{									\
+	return slabname##_at_peek(s, c, 0);				\
+}									\
+									\
+static int stat_ ##slabname## realloc
+
+/*
+ * Note that this seemingly redundant second declaration is required
+ * to allow a terminating semicolon, which makes instantiations look
+ * like function declarations.  I.e., the expansion of
+ *
+ *    define_commit_slab(indegree, int);
+ *
+ * ends in 'static int stat_indegreerealloc;'.  This would otherwise
+ * be a syntax error according (at least) to ISO C.  It's hard to
+ * catch because GCC silently parses it by default.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Statically initialize a commit slab named "var". Note that this
+ * evaluates "stride" multiple times! Example:
+ *
+ *   struct indegree indegrees = COMMIT_SLAB_INIT(1, indegrees);
+ *
+ */
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_INIT(stride, var) { \
+	COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE / sizeof(**((var).slab)) / (stride), \
+	(stride), 0, NULL \
+}
+
+#endif /* COMMIT_SLAB_H */
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 44bc96d44d..3f4f371e5e 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -6,24 +6,18 @@
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "notes.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+
+static struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buf, size_t len, const char **);
 
 int save_commit_buffer = 1;
 
 const char *commit_type = "commit";
 
-static struct commit *check_commit(struct object *obj,
-				   const unsigned char *sha1,
-				   int quiet)
-{
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
-		if (!quiet)
-			error("Object %s is a %s, not a commit",
-			      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return (struct commit *) obj;
-}
-
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
 					      int quiet)
 {
@@ -31,7 +25,7 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 	if (!obj)
 		return NULL;
-	return check_commit(obj, sha1, quiet);
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_COMMIT, quiet);
 }
 
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -44,7 +38,7 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *ref_n
 	struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	if (!c)
 		die(_("could not parse %s"), ref_name);
-	if (hashcmp(sha1, c->object.sha1)) {
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, c->object.oid.hash)) {
 		warning(_("%s %s is not a commit!"),
 			ref_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
@@ -55,21 +49,19 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, alloc_commit_node());
-	if (!obj->type)
-		obj->type = OBJ_COMMIT;
-	return check_commit(obj, sha1, 0);
+		return create_object(sha1, alloc_commit_node());
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_COMMIT, 0);
 }
 
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_by_name(const char *name)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	struct commit *commit;
 
-	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(name, oid.hash))
 		return NULL;
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(oid.hash);
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		return NULL;
 	return commit;
 }
@@ -104,28 +96,21 @@ static unsigned long parse_commit_date(const char *buf, const char *tail)
 static struct commit_graft **commit_graft;
 static int commit_graft_alloc, commit_graft_nr;
 
+static const unsigned char *commit_graft_sha1_access(size_t index, void *table)
+{
+	struct commit_graft **commit_graft_table = table;
+	return commit_graft_table[index]->oid.hash;
+}
+
 static int commit_graft_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int lo, hi;
-	lo = 0;
-	hi = commit_graft_nr;
-	while (lo < hi) {
-		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
-		struct commit_graft *graft = commit_graft[mi];
-		int cmp = hashcmp(sha1, graft->sha1);
-		if (!cmp)
-			return mi;
-		if (cmp < 0)
-			hi = mi;
-		else
-			lo = mi + 1;
-	}
-	return -lo - 1;
+	return sha1_pos(sha1, commit_graft, commit_graft_nr,
+			commit_graft_sha1_access);
 }
 
 int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *graft, int ignore_dups)
 {
-	int pos = commit_graft_pos(graft->sha1);
+	int pos = commit_graft_pos(graft->oid.hash);
 
 	if (0 <= pos) {
 		if (ignore_dups)
@@ -137,12 +122,8 @@ int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *graft, int ignore_dups)
 		return 1;
 	}
 	pos = -pos - 1;
-	if (commit_graft_alloc <= ++commit_graft_nr) {
-		commit_graft_alloc = alloc_nr(commit_graft_alloc);
-		commit_graft = xrealloc(commit_graft,
-					sizeof(*commit_graft) *
-					commit_graft_alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(commit_graft, commit_graft_nr + 1, commit_graft_alloc);
+	commit_graft_nr++;
 	if (pos < commit_graft_nr)
 		memmove(commit_graft + pos + 1,
 			commit_graft + pos,
@@ -157,22 +138,23 @@ struct commit_graft *read_graft_line(char *buf, int len)
 	/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
 	int i;
 	struct commit_graft *graft = NULL;
+	const int entry_size = GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1;
 
 	while (len && isspace(buf[len-1]))
 		buf[--len] = '\0';
 	if (buf[0] == '#' || buf[0] == '\0')
 		return NULL;
-	if ((len + 1) % 41)
+	if ((len + 1) % entry_size)
 		goto bad_graft_data;
-	i = (len + 1) / 41 - 1;
-	graft = xmalloc(sizeof(*graft) + 20 * i);
+	i = (len + 1) / entry_size - 1;
+	graft = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(*graft), st_mult(GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ, i)));
 	graft->nr_parent = i;
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buf, graft->sha1))
+	if (get_oid_hex(buf, &graft->oid))
 		goto bad_graft_data;
-	for (i = 40; i < len; i += 41) {
+	for (i = GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ; i < len; i += entry_size) {
 		if (buf[i] != ' ')
 			goto bad_graft_data;
-		if (get_sha1_hex(buf + i + 1, graft->parent[i/41]))
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buf + i + 1, graft->parent[i/entry_size].hash))
 			goto bad_graft_data;
 	}
 	return graft;
@@ -186,19 +168,19 @@ bad_graft_data:
 static int read_graft_file(const char *graft_file)
 {
 	FILE *fp = fopen(graft_file, "r");
-	char buf[1024];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!fp)
 		return -1;
-	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, fp, '\n')) {
 		/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
-		int len = strlen(buf);
-		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf, len);
+		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
 		if (!graft)
 			continue;
 		if (register_commit_graft(graft, 1))
-			error("duplicate graft data: %s", buf);
+			error("duplicate graft data: %s", buf.buf);
 	}
 	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -247,43 +229,128 @@ int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct commit_buffer {
+	void *buffer;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+define_commit_slab(buffer_slab, struct commit_buffer);
+static struct buffer_slab buffer_slab = COMMIT_SLAB_INIT(1, buffer_slab);
+
+void set_commit_buffer(struct commit *commit, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_at(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	v->buffer = buffer;
+	v->size = size;
+}
+
+const void *get_cached_commit_buffer(const struct commit *commit, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_peek(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	if (!v) {
+		if (sizep)
+			*sizep = 0;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (sizep)
+		*sizep = v->size;
+	return v->buffer;
+}
+
+const void *get_commit_buffer(const struct commit *commit, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	const void *ret = get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, sizep);
+	if (!ret) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		ret = read_sha1_file(commit->object.oid.hash, &type, &size);
+		if (!ret)
+			die("cannot read commit object %s",
+			    oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("expected commit for %s, got %s",
+			    oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid), typename(type));
+		if (sizep)
+			*sizep = size;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void unuse_commit_buffer(const struct commit *commit, const void *buffer)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_peek(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	if (!(v && v->buffer == buffer))
+		free((void *)buffer);
+}
+
+void free_commit_buffer(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_peek(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	if (v) {
+		free(v->buffer);
+		v->buffer = NULL;
+		v->size = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+const void *detach_commit_buffer(struct commit *commit, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_peek(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	void *ret;
+
+	if (!v) {
+		if (sizep)
+			*sizep = 0;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	ret = v->buffer;
+	if (sizep)
+		*sizep = v->size;
+
+	v->buffer = NULL;
+	v->size = 0;
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, const void *buffer, unsigned long size)
 {
 	const char *tail = buffer;
 	const char *bufptr = buffer;
-	unsigned char parent[20];
+	struct object_id parent;
 	struct commit_list **pptr;
 	struct commit_graft *graft;
+	const int tree_entry_len = GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 5;
+	const int parent_entry_len = GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 7;
 
 	if (item->object.parsed)
 		return 0;
 	item->object.parsed = 1;
 	tail += size;
-	if (tail <= bufptr + 46 || memcmp(bufptr, "tree ", 5) || bufptr[45] != '\n')
-		return error("bogus commit object %s", sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
-	if (get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 5, parent) < 0)
+	if (tail <= bufptr + tree_entry_len + 1 || memcmp(bufptr, "tree ", 5) ||
+			bufptr[tree_entry_len] != '\n')
+		return error("bogus commit object %s", oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
+	if (get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 5, parent.hash) < 0)
 		return error("bad tree pointer in commit %s",
-			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
-	item->tree = lookup_tree(parent);
-	bufptr += 46; /* "tree " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
+			     oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
+	item->tree = lookup_tree(parent.hash);
+	bufptr += tree_entry_len + 1; /* "tree " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
 	pptr = &item->parents;
 
-	graft = lookup_commit_graft(item->object.sha1);
-	while (bufptr + 48 < tail && !memcmp(bufptr, "parent ", 7)) {
+	graft = lookup_commit_graft(item->object.oid.hash);
+	while (bufptr + parent_entry_len < tail && !memcmp(bufptr, "parent ", 7)) {
 		struct commit *new_parent;
 
-		if (tail <= bufptr + 48 ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 7, parent) ||
-		    bufptr[47] != '\n')
-			return error("bad parents in commit %s", sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
-		bufptr += 48;
+		if (tail <= bufptr + parent_entry_len + 1 ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 7, parent.hash) ||
+		    bufptr[parent_entry_len] != '\n')
+			return error("bad parents in commit %s", oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
+		bufptr += parent_entry_len + 1;
 		/*
 		 * The clone is shallow if nr_parent < 0, and we must
 		 * not traverse its real parents even when we unhide them.
 		 */
 		if (graft && (graft->nr_parent < 0 || grafts_replace_parents))
 			continue;
-		new_parent = lookup_commit(parent);
+		new_parent = lookup_commit(parent.hash);
 		if (new_parent)
 			pptr = &commit_list_insert(new_parent, pptr)->next;
 	}
@@ -291,7 +358,7 @@ int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, const void *buffer, unsigned long s
 		int i;
 		struct commit *new_parent;
 		for (i = 0; i < graft->nr_parent; i++) {
-			new_parent = lookup_commit(graft->parent[i]);
+			new_parent = lookup_commit(graft->parent[i].hash);
 			if (!new_parent)
 				continue;
 			pptr = &commit_list_insert(new_parent, pptr)->next;
@@ -302,7 +369,7 @@ int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, const void *buffer, unsigned long s
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int parse_commit(struct commit *item)
+int parse_commit_gently(struct commit *item, int quiet_on_missing)
 {
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *buffer;
@@ -313,24 +380,32 @@ int parse_commit(struct commit *item)
 		return -1;
 	if (item->object.parsed)
 		return 0;
-	buffer = read_sha1_file(item->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(item->object.oid.hash, &type, &size);
 	if (!buffer)
-		return error("Could not read %s",
-			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+		return quiet_on_missing ? -1 :
+			error("Could not read %s",
+			     oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
 	if (type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		free(buffer);
 		return error("Object %s not a commit",
-			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+			     oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
 	}
 	ret = parse_commit_buffer(item, buffer, size);
 	if (save_commit_buffer && !ret) {
-		item->buffer = buffer;
+		set_commit_buffer(item, buffer, size);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	free(buffer);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void parse_commit_or_die(struct commit *item)
+{
+	if (parse_commit(item))
+		die("unable to parse commit %s",
+		    item ? oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid) : "(null)");
+}
+
 int find_commit_subject(const char *commit_buffer, const char **subject)
 {
 	const char *eol;
@@ -367,13 +442,21 @@ unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l)
 	return c;
 }
 
-void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
+struct commit_list *copy_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
 {
+	struct commit_list *head = NULL;
+	struct commit_list **pp = &head;
 	while (list) {
-		struct commit_list *temp = list;
-		list = temp->next;
-		free(temp);
+		pp = commit_list_append(list->item, pp);
+		list = list->next;
 	}
+	return head;
+}
+
+void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	while (list)
+		pop_commit(&list);
 }
 
 struct commit_list * commit_list_insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list)
@@ -389,26 +472,38 @@ struct commit_list * commit_list_insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct comm
 	return commit_list_insert(item, pp);
 }
 
+static int commit_list_compare_by_date(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	unsigned long a_date = ((const struct commit_list *)a)->item->date;
+	unsigned long b_date = ((const struct commit_list *)b)->item->date;
+	if (a_date < b_date)
+		return 1;
+	if (a_date > b_date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void *commit_list_get_next(const void *a)
+{
+	return ((const struct commit_list *)a)->next;
+}
+
+static void commit_list_set_next(void *a, void *next)
+{
+	((struct commit_list *)a)->next = next;
+}
 
 void commit_list_sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list)
 {
-	struct commit_list *ret = NULL;
-	while (*list) {
-		commit_list_insert_by_date((*list)->item, &ret);
-		*list = (*list)->next;
-	}
-	*list = ret;
+	*list = llist_mergesort(*list, commit_list_get_next, commit_list_set_next,
+				commit_list_compare_by_date);
 }
 
 struct commit *pop_most_recent_commit(struct commit_list **list,
 				      unsigned int mark)
 {
-	struct commit *ret = (*list)->item;
+	struct commit *ret = pop_commit(list);
 	struct commit_list *parents = ret->parents;
-	struct commit_list *old = *list;
-
-	*list = (*list)->next;
-	free(old);
 
 	while (parents) {
 		struct commit *commit = parents->item;
@@ -421,7 +516,8 @@ struct commit *pop_most_recent_commit(struct commit_list **list,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+static void clear_commit_marks_1(struct commit_list **plist,
+				 struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
 {
 	while (commit) {
 		struct commit_list *parents;
@@ -436,12 +532,29 @@ void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
 			return;
 
 		while ((parents = parents->next))
-			clear_commit_marks(parents->item, mark);
+			commit_list_insert(parents->item, plist);
 
 		commit = commit->parents->item;
 	}
 }
 
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+
+	while (nr--) {
+		commit_list_insert(*commit, &list);
+		commit++;
+	}
+	while (list)
+		clear_commit_marks_1(&list, pop_commit(&list), mark);
+}
+
+void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+{
+	clear_commit_marks_many(1, &commit, mark);
+}
+
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark)
 {
 	struct object *object;
@@ -450,7 +563,7 @@ void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < a->nr; i++) {
 		object = a->objects[i].item;
-		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(object->sha1, 1);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(object->oid.hash, 1);
 		if (commit)
 			clear_commit_marks(commit, mark);
 	}
@@ -469,32 +582,119 @@ struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Topological sort support
+ */
+
+/* count number of children that have not been emitted */
+define_commit_slab(indegree_slab, int);
+
+/* record author-date for each commit object */
+define_commit_slab(author_date_slab, unsigned long);
+
+static void record_author_date(struct author_date_slab *author_date,
+			       struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	const char *ident_line;
+	size_t ident_len;
+	char *date_end;
+	unsigned long date;
+
+	ident_line = find_commit_header(buffer, "author", &ident_len);
+	if (!ident_line)
+		goto fail_exit; /* no author line */
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, ident_line, ident_len) ||
+	    !ident.date_begin || !ident.date_end)
+		goto fail_exit; /* malformed "author" line */
+
+	date = strtoul(ident.date_begin, &date_end, 10);
+	if (date_end != ident.date_end)
+		goto fail_exit; /* malformed date */
+	*(author_date_slab_at(author_date, commit)) = date;
+
+fail_exit:
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+}
+
+static int compare_commits_by_author_date(const void *a_, const void *b_,
+					  void *cb_data)
+{
+	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	struct author_date_slab *author_date = cb_data;
+	unsigned long a_date = *(author_date_slab_at(author_date, a));
+	unsigned long b_date = *(author_date_slab_at(author_date, b));
+
+	/* newer commits with larger date first */
+	if (a_date < b_date)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a_date > b_date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused)
+{
+	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	/* newer commits with larger date first */
+	if (a->date < b->date)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a->date > b->date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
  * Performs an in-place topological sort on the list supplied.
  */
-void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **list, enum rev_sort_order sort_order)
 {
 	struct commit_list *next, *orig = *list;
-	struct commit_list *work, **insert;
 	struct commit_list **pptr;
+	struct indegree_slab indegree;
+	struct prio_queue queue;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct author_date_slab author_date;
 
 	if (!orig)
 		return;
 	*list = NULL;
 
+	init_indegree_slab(&indegree);
+	memset(&queue, '\0', sizeof(queue));
+
+	switch (sort_order) {
+	default: /* REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER */
+		queue.compare = NULL;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE:
+		queue.compare = compare_commits_by_commit_date;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE:
+		init_author_date_slab(&author_date);
+		queue.compare = compare_commits_by_author_date;
+		queue.cb_data = &author_date;
+		break;
+	}
+
 	/* Mark them and clear the indegree */
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = next->item;
-		commit->indegree = 1;
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) = 1;
+		/* also record the author dates, if needed */
+		if (sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+			record_author_date(&author_date, commit);
 	}
 
 	/* update the indegree */
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
-		struct commit_list * parents = next->item->parents;
+		struct commit_list *parents = next->item->parents;
 		while (parents) {
 			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+			int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&indegree, parent);
 
-			if (parent->indegree)
-				parent->indegree++;
+			if (*pi)
+				(*pi)++;
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -506,34 +706,33 @@ void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
 	 *
 	 * the tips serve as a starting set for the work queue.
 	 */
-	work = NULL;
-	insert = &work;
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = next->item;
 
-		if (commit->indegree == 1)
-			insert = &commit_list_insert(commit, insert)->next;
+		if (*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) == 1)
+			prio_queue_put(&queue, commit);
 	}
 
-	/* process the list in topological order */
-	if (!lifo)
-		commit_list_sort_by_date(&work);
+	/*
+	 * This is unfortunate; the initial tips need to be shown
+	 * in the order given from the revision traversal machinery.
+	 */
+	if (sort_order == REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER)
+		prio_queue_reverse(&queue);
+
+	/* We no longer need the commit list */
+	free_commit_list(orig);
 
 	pptr = list;
 	*list = NULL;
-	while (work) {
-		struct commit *commit;
-		struct commit_list *parents, *work_item;
-
-		work_item = work;
-		work = work_item->next;
-		work_item->next = NULL;
+	while ((commit = prio_queue_get(&queue)) != NULL) {
+		struct commit_list *parents;
 
-		commit = work_item->item;
 		for (parents = commit->parents; parents ; parents = parents->next) {
 			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+			int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&indegree, parent);
 
-			if (!parent->indegree)
+			if (!*pi)
 				continue;
 
 			/*
@@ -541,26 +740,27 @@ void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
 			 * when all their children have been emitted thereby
 			 * guaranteeing topological order.
 			 */
-			if (--parent->indegree == 1) {
-				if (!lifo)
-					commit_list_insert_by_date(parent, &work);
-				else
-					commit_list_insert(parent, &work);
-			}
+			if (--(*pi) == 1)
+				prio_queue_put(&queue, parent);
 		}
 		/*
-		 * work_item is a commit all of whose children
-		 * have already been emitted. we can emit it now.
+		 * all children of commit have already been
+		 * emitted. we can emit it now.
 		 */
-		commit->indegree = 0;
-		*pptr = work_item;
-		pptr = &work_item->next;
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) = 0;
+
+		pptr = &commit_list_insert(commit, pptr)->next;
 	}
+
+	clear_indegree_slab(&indegree);
+	clear_prio_queue(&queue);
+	if (sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+		clear_author_date_slab(&author_date);
 }
 
 /* merge-base stuff */
 
-/* bits #0..15 in revision.h */
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define PARENT1		(1u<<16)
 #define PARENT2		(1u<<17)
 #define STALE		(1u<<18)
@@ -568,58 +768,41 @@ void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
 
 static const unsigned all_flags = (PARENT1 | PARENT2 | STALE | RESULT);
 
-static struct commit *interesting(struct commit_list *list)
+static int queue_has_nonstale(struct prio_queue *queue)
 {
-	while (list) {
-		struct commit *commit = list->item;
-		list = list->next;
-		if (commit->object.flags & STALE)
-			continue;
-		return commit;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < queue->nr; i++) {
+		struct commit *commit = queue->array[i].data;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & STALE))
+			return 1;
 	}
-	return NULL;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
+/* all input commits in one and twos[] must have been parsed! */
+static struct commit_list *paint_down_to_common(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
 {
-	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+	struct prio_queue queue = { compare_commits_by_commit_date };
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		if (one == twos[i])
-			/*
-			 * We do not mark this even with RESULT so we do not
-			 * have to clean it up.
-			 */
-			return commit_list_insert(one, &result);
-	}
-
-	if (parse_commit(one))
-		return NULL;
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		if (parse_commit(twos[i]))
-			return NULL;
+	one->object.flags |= PARENT1;
+	if (!n) {
+		commit_list_append(one, &result);
+		return result;
 	}
+	prio_queue_put(&queue, one);
 
-	one->object.flags |= PARENT1;
-	commit_list_insert_by_date(one, &list);
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		twos[i]->object.flags |= PARENT2;
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(twos[i], &list);
+		prio_queue_put(&queue, twos[i]);
 	}
 
-	while (interesting(list)) {
-		struct commit *commit;
+	while (queue_has_nonstale(&queue)) {
+		struct commit *commit = prio_queue_get(&queue);
 		struct commit_list *parents;
-		struct commit_list *next;
 		int flags;
 
-		commit = list->item;
-		next = list->next;
-		free(list);
-		list = next;
-
 		flags = commit->object.flags & (PARENT1 | PARENT2 | STALE);
 		if (flags == (PARENT1 | PARENT2)) {
 			if (!(commit->object.flags & RESULT)) {
@@ -638,19 +821,42 @@ static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct co
 			if (parse_commit(p))
 				return NULL;
 			p->object.flags |= flags;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
+			prio_queue_put(&queue, p);
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* Clean up the result to remove stale ones */
-	free_commit_list(list);
-	list = result; result = NULL;
+	clear_prio_queue(&queue);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (one == twos[i])
+			/*
+			 * We do not mark this even with RESULT so we do not
+			 * have to clean it up.
+			 */
+			return commit_list_insert(one, &result);
+	}
+
+	if (parse_commit(one))
+		return NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (parse_commit(twos[i]))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	list = paint_down_to_common(one, n, twos);
+
 	while (list) {
-		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
-		if (!(list->item->object.flags & STALE))
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(list->item, &result);
-		free(list);
-		list = next;
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&list);
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & STALE))
+			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &result);
 	}
 	return result;
 }
@@ -658,39 +864,95 @@ static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct co
 struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in)
 {
 	struct commit_list *i, *j, *k, *ret = NULL;
-	struct commit_list **pptr = &ret;
 
-	for (i = in; i; i = i->next) {
-		if (!ret)
-			pptr = &commit_list_insert(i->item, pptr)->next;
-		else {
-			struct commit_list *new = NULL, *end = NULL;
-
-			for (j = ret; j; j = j->next) {
-				struct commit_list *bases;
-				bases = get_merge_bases(i->item, j->item, 1);
-				if (!new)
-					new = bases;
-				else
-					end->next = bases;
-				for (k = bases; k; k = k->next)
-					end = k;
-			}
-			ret = new;
+	if (!in)
+		return ret;
+
+	commit_list_insert(in->item, &ret);
+
+	for (i = in->next; i; i = i->next) {
+		struct commit_list *new = NULL, *end = NULL;
+
+		for (j = ret; j; j = j->next) {
+			struct commit_list *bases;
+			bases = get_merge_bases(i->item, j->item);
+			if (!new)
+				new = bases;
+			else
+				end->next = bases;
+			for (k = bases; k; k = k->next)
+				end = k;
 		}
+		ret = new;
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
-struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
-					 int n,
-					 struct commit **twos,
-					 int cleanup)
+static int remove_redundant(struct commit **array, int cnt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Some commit in the array may be an ancestor of
+	 * another commit.  Move such commit to the end of
+	 * the array, and return the number of commits that
+	 * are independent from each other.
+	 */
+	struct commit **work;
+	unsigned char *redundant;
+	int *filled_index;
+	int i, j, filled;
+
+	work = xcalloc(cnt, sizeof(*work));
+	redundant = xcalloc(cnt, 1);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(filled_index, cnt - 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		parse_commit(array[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		struct commit_list *common;
+
+		if (redundant[i])
+			continue;
+		for (j = filled = 0; j < cnt; j++) {
+			if (i == j || redundant[j])
+				continue;
+			filled_index[filled] = j;
+			work[filled++] = array[j];
+		}
+		common = paint_down_to_common(array[i], filled, work);
+		if (array[i]->object.flags & PARENT2)
+			redundant[i] = 1;
+		for (j = 0; j < filled; j++)
+			if (work[j]->object.flags & PARENT1)
+				redundant[filled_index[j]] = 1;
+		clear_commit_marks(array[i], all_flags);
+		for (j = 0; j < filled; j++)
+			clear_commit_marks(work[j], all_flags);
+		free_commit_list(common);
+	}
+
+	/* Now collect the result */
+	memcpy(work, array, sizeof(*array) * cnt);
+	for (i = filled = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		if (!redundant[i])
+			array[filled++] = work[i];
+	for (j = filled, i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		if (redundant[i])
+			array[j++] = work[i];
+	free(work);
+	free(redundant);
+	free(filled_index);
+	return filled;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many_0(struct commit *one,
+						  int n,
+						  struct commit **twos,
+						  int cleanup)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list;
 	struct commit **rslt;
 	struct commit_list *result;
-	int cnt, i, j;
+	int cnt, i;
 
 	result = merge_bases_many(one, n, twos);
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
@@ -700,59 +962,51 @@ struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
 	if (!result || !result->next) {
 		if (cleanup) {
 			clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-				clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+			clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
 
 	/* There are more than one */
-	cnt = 0;
-	list = result;
-	while (list) {
-		list = list->next;
-		cnt++;
-	}
+	cnt = commit_list_count(result);
 	rslt = xcalloc(cnt, sizeof(*rslt));
 	for (list = result, i = 0; list; list = list->next)
 		rslt[i++] = list->item;
 	free_commit_list(result);
 
 	clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-		clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < cnt - 1; i++) {
-		for (j = i+1; j < cnt; j++) {
-			if (!rslt[i] || !rslt[j])
-				continue;
-			result = merge_bases_many(rslt[i], 1, &rslt[j]);
-			clear_commit_marks(rslt[i], all_flags);
-			clear_commit_marks(rslt[j], all_flags);
-			for (list = result; list; list = list->next) {
-				if (rslt[i] == list->item)
-					rslt[i] = NULL;
-				if (rslt[j] == list->item)
-					rslt[j] = NULL;
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 
-	/* Surviving ones in rslt[] are the independent results */
+	cnt = remove_redundant(rslt, cnt);
 	result = NULL;
-	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
-		if (rslt[i])
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
 	free(rslt);
 	return result;
 }
 
-struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *one, struct commit *two,
-				    int cleanup)
+struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
+					 int n,
+					 struct commit **twos)
 {
-	return get_merge_bases_many(one, 1, &two, cleanup);
+	return get_merge_bases_many_0(one, n, twos, 1);
 }
 
+struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many_dirty(struct commit *one,
+					       int n,
+					       struct commit **twos)
+{
+	return get_merge_bases_many_0(one, n, twos, 0);
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *one, struct commit *two)
+{
+	return get_merge_bases_many_0(one, 1, &two, 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Is "commit" a descendant of one of the elements on the "with_commit" list?
+ */
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
 {
 	if (!with_commit)
@@ -762,82 +1016,183 @@ int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
 
 		other = with_commit->item;
 		with_commit = with_commit->next;
-		if (in_merge_bases(other, &commit, 1))
+		if (in_merge_bases(other, commit))
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit **reference, int num)
+/*
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of one of the "references"?
+ */
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *commit, int nr_reference, struct commit **reference)
 {
-	struct commit_list *bases, *b;
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	if (num == 1)
-		bases = get_merge_bases(commit, *reference, 1);
-	else
-		die("not yet");
-	for (b = bases; b; b = b->next) {
-		if (!hashcmp(commit->object.sha1, b->item->object.sha1)) {
-			ret = 1;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
+	struct commit_list *bases;
+	int ret = 0, i;
+
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return ret;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_reference; i++)
+		if (parse_commit(reference[i]))
+			return ret;
+
+	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, nr_reference, reference);
+	if (commit->object.flags & PARENT2)
+		ret = 1;
+	clear_commit_marks(commit, all_flags);
+	clear_commit_marks_many(nr_reference, reference, all_flags);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of (i.e. reachable from) the "reference"?
+ */
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit *reference)
+{
+	return in_merge_bases_many(commit, 1, &reference);
+}
+
 struct commit_list *reduce_heads(struct commit_list *heads)
 {
 	struct commit_list *p;
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL, **tail = &result;
-	struct commit **other;
-	size_t num_head, num_other;
+	struct commit **array;
+	int num_head, i;
 
 	if (!heads)
 		return NULL;
 
-	/* Avoid unnecessary reallocations */
-	for (p = heads, num_head = 0; p; p = p->next)
+	/* Uniquify */
+	for (p = heads; p; p = p->next)
+		p->item->object.flags &= ~STALE;
+	for (p = heads, num_head = 0; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->item->object.flags & STALE)
+			continue;
+		p->item->object.flags |= STALE;
 		num_head++;
-	other = xcalloc(sizeof(*other), num_head);
+	}
+	array = xcalloc(num_head, sizeof(*array));
+	for (p = heads, i = 0; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->item->object.flags & STALE) {
+			array[i++] = p->item;
+			p->item->object.flags &= ~STALE;
+		}
+	}
+	num_head = remove_redundant(array, num_head);
+	for (i = 0; i < num_head; i++)
+		tail = &commit_list_insert(array[i], tail)->next;
+	return result;
+}
 
-	/* For each commit, see if it can be reached by others */
-	for (p = heads; p; p = p->next) {
-		struct commit_list *q, *base;
+static const char gpg_sig_header[] = "gpgsig";
+static const int gpg_sig_header_len = sizeof(gpg_sig_header) - 1;
 
-		/* Do we already have this in the result? */
-		for (q = result; q; q = q->next)
-			if (p->item == q->item)
-				break;
-		if (q)
-			continue;
+static int do_sign_commit(struct strbuf *buf, const char *keyid)
+{
+	struct strbuf sig = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int inspos, copypos;
 
-		num_other = 0;
-		for (q = heads; q; q = q->next) {
-			if (p->item == q->item)
-				continue;
-			other[num_other++] = q->item;
+	/* find the end of the header */
+	inspos = strstr(buf->buf, "\n\n") - buf->buf + 1;
+
+	if (!keyid || !*keyid)
+		keyid = get_signing_key();
+	if (sign_buffer(buf, &sig, keyid)) {
+		strbuf_release(&sig);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (copypos = 0; sig.buf[copypos]; ) {
+		const char *bol = sig.buf + copypos;
+		const char *eol = strchrnul(bol, '\n');
+		int len = (eol - bol) + !!*eol;
+
+		if (!copypos) {
+			strbuf_insert(buf, inspos, gpg_sig_header, gpg_sig_header_len);
+			inspos += gpg_sig_header_len;
 		}
-		if (num_other)
-			base = get_merge_bases_many(p->item, num_other, other, 1);
-		else
-			base = NULL;
-		/*
-		 * If p->item does not have anything common with other
-		 * commits, there won't be any merge base.  If it is
-		 * reachable from some of the others, p->item will be
-		 * the merge base.  If its history is connected with
-		 * others, but p->item is not reachable by others, we
-		 * will get something other than p->item back.
-		 */
-		if (!base || (base->item != p->item))
-			tail = &(commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next);
-		free_commit_list(base);
+		strbuf_insert(buf, inspos++, " ", 1);
+		strbuf_insert(buf, inspos, bol, len);
+		inspos += len;
+		copypos += len;
 	}
-	free(other);
-	return result;
+	strbuf_release(&sig);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_signed_commit(const struct commit *commit,
+			struct strbuf *payload, struct strbuf *signature)
+{
+
+	unsigned long size;
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, &size);
+	int in_signature, saw_signature = -1;
+	const char *line, *tail;
+
+	line = buffer;
+	tail = buffer + size;
+	in_signature = 0;
+	saw_signature = 0;
+	while (line < tail) {
+		const char *sig = NULL;
+		const char *next = memchr(line, '\n', tail - line);
+
+		next = next ? next + 1 : tail;
+		if (in_signature && line[0] == ' ')
+			sig = line + 1;
+		else if (starts_with(line, gpg_sig_header) &&
+			 line[gpg_sig_header_len] == ' ')
+			sig = line + gpg_sig_header_len + 1;
+		if (sig) {
+			strbuf_add(signature, sig, next - sig);
+			saw_signature = 1;
+			in_signature = 1;
+		} else {
+			if (*line == '\n')
+				/* dump the whole remainder of the buffer */
+				next = tail;
+			strbuf_add(payload, line, next - line);
+			in_signature = 0;
+		}
+		line = next;
+	}
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+	return saw_signature;
+}
+
+int remove_signature(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *line = buf->buf;
+	const char *tail = buf->buf + buf->len;
+	int in_signature = 0;
+	const char *sig_start = NULL;
+	const char *sig_end = NULL;
+
+	while (line < tail) {
+		const char *next = memchr(line, '\n', tail - line);
+		next = next ? next + 1 : tail;
+
+		if (in_signature && line[0] == ' ')
+			sig_end = next;
+		else if (starts_with(line, gpg_sig_header) &&
+			 line[gpg_sig_header_len] == ' ') {
+			sig_start = line;
+			sig_end = next;
+			in_signature = 1;
+		} else {
+			if (*line == '\n')
+				/* dump the whole remainder of the buffer */
+				next = tail;
+			in_signature = 0;
+		}
+		line = next;
+	}
+
+	if (sig_start)
+		strbuf_remove(buf, sig_start - buf->buf, sig_end - sig_start);
+
+	return sig_start != NULL;
 }
 
 static void handle_signed_tag(struct commit *parent, struct commit_extra_header ***tail)
@@ -851,7 +1206,7 @@ static void handle_signed_tag(struct commit *parent, struct commit_extra_header
 	desc = merge_remote_util(parent);
 	if (!desc || !desc->obj)
 		return;
-	buf = read_sha1_file(desc->obj->sha1, &type, &size);
+	buf = read_sha1_file(desc->obj->oid.hash, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf || type != OBJ_TAG)
 		goto free_return;
 	len = parse_signature(buf, size);
@@ -880,6 +1235,28 @@ free_return:
 	free(buf);
 }
 
+int check_commit_signature(const struct commit *commit, struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 1;
+
+	sigc->result = 'N';
+
+	if (parse_signed_commit(commit, &payload, &signature) <= 0)
+		goto out;
+	ret = check_signature(payload.buf, payload.len, signature.buf,
+		signature.len, sigc);
+
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&payload);
+	strbuf_release(&signature);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+
 void append_merge_tag_headers(struct commit_list *parents,
 			      struct commit_extra_header ***tail)
 {
@@ -900,18 +1277,30 @@ static void add_extra_header(struct strbuf *buffer,
 		strbuf_addch(buffer, '\n');
 }
 
-struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_headers(struct commit *commit)
+struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_headers(struct commit *commit,
+						      const char **exclude)
 {
 	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL;
 	unsigned long size;
-	enum object_type type;
-	char *buffer = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-	if (buffer && type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		extra = read_commit_extra_header_lines(buffer, size);
-	free(buffer);
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, &size);
+	extra = read_commit_extra_header_lines(buffer, size, exclude);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
 	return extra;
 }
 
+void for_each_mergetag(each_mergetag_fn fn, struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	struct commit_extra_header *extra, *to_free;
+
+	to_free = read_commit_extra_headers(commit, NULL);
+	for (extra = to_free; extra; extra = extra->next) {
+		if (strcmp(extra->key, "mergetag"))
+			continue; /* not a merge tag */
+		fn(commit, extra, data);
+	}
+	free_commit_extra_headers(to_free);
+}
+
 static inline int standard_header_field(const char *field, size_t len)
 {
 	return ((len == 4 && !memcmp(field, "tree ", 5)) ||
@@ -921,7 +1310,24 @@ static inline int standard_header_field(const char *field, size_t len)
 		(len == 8 && !memcmp(field, "encoding ", 9)));
 }
 
-struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buffer, size_t size)
+static int excluded_header_field(const char *field, size_t len, const char **exclude)
+{
+	if (!exclude)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (*exclude) {
+		size_t xlen = strlen(*exclude);
+		if (len == xlen &&
+		    !memcmp(field, *exclude, xlen) && field[xlen] == ' ')
+			return 1;
+		exclude++;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(
+	const char *buffer, size_t size,
+	const char **exclude)
 {
 	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL, **tail = &extra, *it = NULL;
 	const char *line, *next, *eof, *eob;
@@ -947,7 +1353,8 @@ struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buffer, s
 		if (next <= eof)
 			eof = next;
 
-		if (standard_header_field(line, eof - line))
+		if (standard_header_field(line, eof - line) ||
+		    excluded_header_field(line, eof - line, exclude))
 			continue;
 
 		it = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*it));
@@ -973,27 +1380,141 @@ void free_commit_extra_headers(struct commit_extra_header *extra)
 	}
 }
 
-int commit_tree(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+int commit_tree(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+		const unsigned char *tree,
 		struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
-		const char *author)
+		const char *author, const char *sign_commit)
 {
 	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL, **tail = &extra;
 	int result;
 
 	append_merge_tag_headers(parents, &tail);
-	result = commit_tree_extended(msg, tree, parents, ret, author, extra);
+	result = commit_tree_extended(msg, msg_len, tree, parents, ret,
+				      author, sign_commit, extra);
 	free_commit_extra_headers(extra);
 	return result;
 }
 
+static int find_invalid_utf8(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int offset = 0;
+	static const unsigned int max_codepoint[] = {
+		0x7f, 0x7ff, 0xffff, 0x10ffff
+	};
+
+	while (len) {
+		unsigned char c = *buf++;
+		int bytes, bad_offset;
+		unsigned int codepoint;
+		unsigned int min_val, max_val;
+
+		len--;
+		offset++;
+
+		/* Simple US-ASCII? No worries. */
+		if (c < 0x80)
+			continue;
+
+		bad_offset = offset-1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Count how many more high bits set: that's how
+		 * many more bytes this sequence should have.
+		 */
+		bytes = 0;
+		while (c & 0x40) {
+			c <<= 1;
+			bytes++;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Must be between 1 and 3 more bytes.  Longer sequences result in
+		 * codepoints beyond U+10FFFF, which are guaranteed never to exist.
+		 */
+		if (bytes < 1 || 3 < bytes)
+			return bad_offset;
+
+		/* Do we *have* that many bytes? */
+		if (len < bytes)
+			return bad_offset;
+
+		/*
+		 * Place the encoded bits at the bottom of the value and compute the
+		 * valid range.
+		 */
+		codepoint = (c & 0x7f) >> bytes;
+		min_val = max_codepoint[bytes-1] + 1;
+		max_val = max_codepoint[bytes];
+
+		offset += bytes;
+		len -= bytes;
+
+		/* And verify that they are good continuation bytes */
+		do {
+			codepoint <<= 6;
+			codepoint |= *buf & 0x3f;
+			if ((*buf++ & 0xc0) != 0x80)
+				return bad_offset;
+		} while (--bytes);
+
+		/* Reject codepoints that are out of range for the sequence length. */
+		if (codepoint < min_val || codepoint > max_val)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* Surrogates are only for UTF-16 and cannot be encoded in UTF-8. */
+		if ((codepoint & 0x1ff800) == 0xd800)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* U+xxFFFE and U+xxFFFF are guaranteed non-characters. */
+		if ((codepoint & 0xfffe) == 0xfffe)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* So are anything in the range U+FDD0..U+FDEF. */
+		if (codepoint >= 0xfdd0 && codepoint <= 0xfdef)
+			return bad_offset;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This verifies that the buffer is in proper utf8 format.
+ *
+ * If it isn't, it assumes any non-utf8 characters are Latin1,
+ * and does the conversion.
+ */
+static int verify_utf8(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	int ok = 1;
+	long pos = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int bad;
+		unsigned char c;
+		unsigned char replace[2];
+
+		bad = find_invalid_utf8(buf->buf + pos, buf->len - pos);
+		if (bad < 0)
+			return ok;
+		pos += bad;
+		ok = 0;
+		c = buf->buf[pos];
+		strbuf_remove(buf, pos, 1);
+
+		/* We know 'c' must be in the range 128-255 */
+		replace[0] = 0xc0 + (c >> 6);
+		replace[1] = 0x80 + (c & 0x3f);
+		strbuf_insert(buf, pos, replace, 2);
+		pos += 2;
+	}
+}
+
 static const char commit_utf8_warn[] =
-"Warning: commit message does not conform to UTF-8.\n"
+"Warning: commit message did not conform to UTF-8.\n"
 "You may want to amend it after fixing the message, or set the config\n"
 "variable i18n.commitencoding to the encoding your project uses.\n";
 
-int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+			 const unsigned char *tree,
 			 struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
-			 const char *author, struct commit_extra_header *extra)
+			 const char *author, const char *sign_commit,
+			 struct commit_extra_header *extra)
 {
 	int result;
 	int encoding_is_utf8;
@@ -1001,7 +1522,7 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
 
 	assert_sha1_type(tree, OBJ_TREE);
 
-	if (memchr(msg->buf, '\0', msg->len))
+	if (memchr(msg, '\0', msg_len))
 		return error("a NUL byte in commit log message not allowed.");
 
 	/* Not having i18n.commitencoding is the same as having utf-8 */
@@ -1016,20 +1537,16 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
 	 * if everything else stays the same.
 	 */
 	while (parents) {
-		struct commit_list *next = parents->next;
-		struct commit *parent = parents->item;
-
+		struct commit *parent = pop_commit(&parents);
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "parent %s\n",
-			    sha1_to_hex(parent->object.sha1));
-		free(parents);
-		parents = next;
+			    oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
 	}
 
 	/* Person/date information */
 	if (!author)
-		author = git_author_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+		author = git_author_info(IDENT_STRICT);
 	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "author %s\n", author);
-	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "committer %s\n", git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
+	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "committer %s\n", git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT));
 	if (!encoding_is_utf8)
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "encoding %s\n", git_commit_encoding);
 
@@ -1040,12 +1557,15 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
 	strbuf_addch(&buffer, '\n');
 
 	/* And add the comment */
-	strbuf_addbuf(&buffer, msg);
+	strbuf_add(&buffer, msg, msg_len);
 
 	/* And check the encoding */
-	if (encoding_is_utf8 && !is_utf8(buffer.buf))
+	if (encoding_is_utf8 && !verify_utf8(&buffer))
 		fprintf(stderr, commit_utf8_warn);
 
+	if (sign_commit && do_sign_commit(&buffer, sign_commit))
+		return -1;
+
 	result = write_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, commit_type, ret);
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
 	return result;
@@ -1055,10 +1575,10 @@ struct commit *get_merge_parent(const char *name)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
 	struct commit *commit;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+	struct object_id oid;
+	if (get_sha1(name, oid.hash))
 		return NULL;
-	obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	obj = parse_object(oid.hash);
 	commit = (struct commit *)peel_to_type(name, 0, obj, OBJ_COMMIT);
 	if (commit && !commit->util) {
 		struct merge_remote_desc *desc;
@@ -1069,3 +1589,108 @@ struct commit *get_merge_parent(const char *name)
 	}
 	return commit;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Append a commit to the end of the commit_list.
+ *
+ * next starts by pointing to the variable that holds the head of an
+ * empty commit_list, and is updated to point to the "next" field of
+ * the last item on the list as new commits are appended.
+ *
+ * Usage example:
+ *
+ *     struct commit_list *list;
+ *     struct commit_list **next = &list;
+ *
+ *     next = commit_list_append(c1, next);
+ *     next = commit_list_append(c2, next);
+ *     assert(commit_list_count(list) == 2);
+ *     return list;
+ */
+struct commit_list **commit_list_append(struct commit *commit,
+					struct commit_list **next)
+{
+	struct commit_list *new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
+	new->item = commit;
+	*next = new;
+	new->next = NULL;
+	return &new->next;
+}
+
+void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+		       const char *format_cur,
+		       const char *format_last)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
+		printf(format, oid_to_hex(&list->item->object.oid));
+	}
+}
+
+const char *find_commit_header(const char *msg, const char *key, size_t *out_len)
+{
+	int key_len = strlen(key);
+	const char *line = msg;
+
+	while (line) {
+		const char *eol = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+
+		if (line == eol)
+			return NULL;
+
+		if (eol - line > key_len &&
+		    !strncmp(line, key, key_len) &&
+		    line[key_len] == ' ') {
+			*out_len = eol - line - key_len - 1;
+			return line + key_len + 1;
+		}
+		line = *eol ? eol + 1 : NULL;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Inspect sb and determine the true "end" of the log message, in
+ * order to find where to put a new Signed-off-by: line.  Ignored are
+ * trailing comment lines and blank lines, and also the traditional
+ * "Conflicts:" block that is not commented out, so that we can use
+ * "git commit -s --amend" on an existing commit that forgot to remove
+ * it.
+ *
+ * Returns the number of bytes from the tail to ignore, to be fed as
+ * the second parameter to append_signoff().
+ */
+int ignore_non_trailer(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int boc = 0;
+	int bol = 0;
+	int in_old_conflicts_block = 0;
+
+	while (bol < sb->len) {
+		char *next_line;
+
+		if (!(next_line = memchr(sb->buf + bol, '\n', sb->len - bol)))
+			next_line = sb->buf + sb->len;
+		else
+			next_line++;
+
+		if (sb->buf[bol] == comment_line_char || sb->buf[bol] == '\n') {
+			/* is this the first of the run of comments? */
+			if (!boc)
+				boc = bol;
+			/* otherwise, it is just continuing */
+		} else if (starts_with(sb->buf + bol, "Conflicts:\n")) {
+			in_old_conflicts_block = 1;
+			if (!boc)
+				boc = bol;
+		} else if (in_old_conflicts_block && sb->buf[bol] == '\t') {
+			; /* a pathname in the conflicts block */
+		} else if (boc) {
+			/* the previous was not trailing comment */
+			boc = 0;
+			in_old_conflicts_block = 0;
+		}
+		bol = next_line - sb->buf;
+	}
+	return boc ? sb->len - boc : 0;
+}
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index 4df397865a..78ed513c75 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "decorate.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 struct commit_list {
 	struct commit *item;
@@ -14,24 +16,35 @@ struct commit_list {
 struct commit {
 	struct object object;
 	void *util;
-	unsigned int indegree;
+	unsigned int index;
 	unsigned long date;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
 	struct tree *tree;
-	char *buffer;
 };
 
 extern int save_commit_buffer;
 extern const char *commit_type;
 
 /* While we can decorate any object with a name, it's only used for commits.. */
-extern struct decoration name_decoration;
 struct name_decoration {
 	struct name_decoration *next;
 	int type;
-	char name[1];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+enum decoration_type {
+	DECORATION_NONE = 0,
+	DECORATION_REF_LOCAL,
+	DECORATION_REF_REMOTE,
+	DECORATION_REF_TAG,
+	DECORATION_REF_STASH,
+	DECORATION_REF_HEAD,
+	DECORATION_GRAFTED,
+};
+
+void add_name_decoration(enum decoration_type type, const char *name, struct object *obj);
+const struct name_decoration *get_name_decoration(const struct object *obj);
+
 struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1);
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1);
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -46,18 +59,66 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_by_name(const char *name);
 struct commit *lookup_commit_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *ref_name);
 
 int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, const void *buffer, unsigned long size);
-int parse_commit(struct commit *item);
+int parse_commit_gently(struct commit *item, int quiet_on_missing);
+static inline int parse_commit(struct commit *item)
+{
+	return parse_commit_gently(item, 0);
+}
+void parse_commit_or_die(struct commit *item);
+
+/*
+ * Associate an object buffer with the commit. The ownership of the
+ * memory is handed over to the commit, and must be free()-able.
+ */
+void set_commit_buffer(struct commit *, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
+
+/*
+ * Get any cached object buffer associated with the commit. Returns NULL
+ * if none. The resulting memory should not be freed.
+ */
+const void *get_cached_commit_buffer(const struct commit *, unsigned long *size);
+
+/*
+ * Get the commit's object contents, either from cache or by reading the object
+ * from disk. The resulting memory should not be modified, and must be given
+ * to unuse_commit_buffer when the caller is done.
+ */
+const void *get_commit_buffer(const struct commit *, unsigned long *size);
+
+/*
+ * Tell the commit subsytem that we are done with a particular commit buffer.
+ * The commit and buffer should be the input and return value, respectively,
+ * from an earlier call to get_commit_buffer.  The buffer may or may not be
+ * freed by this call; callers should not access the memory afterwards.
+ */
+void unuse_commit_buffer(const struct commit *, const void *buffer);
+
+/*
+ * Free any cached object buffer associated with the commit.
+ */
+void free_commit_buffer(struct commit *);
+
+/*
+ * Disassociate any cached object buffer from the commit, but do not free it.
+ * The buffer (or NULL, if none) is returned.
+ */
+const void *detach_commit_buffer(struct commit *, unsigned long *sizep);
 
 /* Find beginning and length of commit subject. */
 int find_commit_subject(const char *commit_buffer, const char **subject);
 
 struct commit_list *commit_list_insert(struct commit *item,
 					struct commit_list **list);
+struct commit_list **commit_list_append(struct commit *commit,
+					struct commit_list **next);
 unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l);
 struct commit_list *commit_list_insert_by_date(struct commit *item,
 				    struct commit_list **list);
 void commit_list_sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list);
 
+/* Shallow copy of the input list */
+struct commit_list *copy_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
+
 void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
 
 /* Commit formats */
@@ -70,22 +131,43 @@ enum cmit_fmt {
 	CMIT_FMT_FULLER,
 	CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,
 	CMIT_FMT_EMAIL,
+	CMIT_FMT_MBOXRD,
 	CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT,
 
 	CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED
 };
 
+static inline int cmit_fmt_is_mail(enum cmit_fmt fmt)
+{
+	return (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL || fmt == CMIT_FMT_MBOXRD);
+}
+
 struct pretty_print_context {
+	/*
+	 * Callers should tweak these to change the behavior of pp_* functions.
+	 */
 	enum cmit_fmt fmt;
 	int abbrev;
 	const char *subject;
 	const char *after_subject;
 	int preserve_subject;
-	enum date_mode date_mode;
+	struct date_mode date_mode;
+	unsigned date_mode_explicit:1;
+	int expand_tabs_in_log;
 	int need_8bit_cte;
-	int show_notes;
+	char *notes_message;
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	const char *output_encoding;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
+	int color;
+	struct ident_split *from_ident;
+
+	/*
+	 * Fields below here are manipulated internally by pp_* functions and
+	 * should not be counted on by callers.
+	 */
+	struct string_list in_body_headers;
+	int graph_width;
 };
 
 struct userformat_want {
@@ -94,31 +176,31 @@ struct userformat_want {
 
 extern int has_non_ascii(const char *text);
 struct rev_info; /* in revision.h, it circularly uses enum cmit_fmt */
-extern char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
-			     const char *output_encoding);
-extern char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
-				     const char **encoding_p);
+extern const char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+				   char **commit_encoding,
+				   const char *output_encoding);
 extern void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *);
 extern const char *format_subject(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg,
 				  const char *line_separator);
 extern void userformat_find_requirements(const char *fmt, struct userformat_want *w);
+extern int commit_format_is_empty(enum cmit_fmt);
 extern void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
 				  const char *format, struct strbuf *sb,
 				  const struct pretty_print_context *context);
-extern void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+extern void pretty_print_commit(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 				const struct commit *commit,
 				struct strbuf *sb);
 extern void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
 			   struct strbuf *sb);
-void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_user_info(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding);
-void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_title_line(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		   const char **msg_p,
 		   struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *encoding,
 		   int need_8bit_cte);
-void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_remainder(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
 		  int indent);
@@ -133,22 +215,32 @@ struct commit *pop_most_recent_commit(struct commit_list **list,
 struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack);
 
 void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark);
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark);
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark);
 
+
+enum rev_sort_order {
+	REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER = 0,
+	REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE,
+	REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE
+};
+
 /*
  * Performs an in-place topological sort of list supplied.
  *
  *   invariant of resulting list is:
  *      a reachable from b => ord(b) < ord(a)
- *   in addition, when lifo == 0, commits on parallel tracks are
- *   sorted in the dates order.
+ *   sort_order further specifies:
+ *   REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER: try to show a commit on a single-parent
+ *                            chain together.
+ *   REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE: show eligible commits in committer-date order.
  */
-void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo);
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **, enum rev_sort_order);
 
 struct commit_graft {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	int nr_parent; /* < 0 if shallow commit */
-	unsigned char parent[FLEX_ARRAY][20]; /* more */
+	struct object_id parent[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 typedef int (*each_commit_graft_fn)(const struct commit_graft *, void *);
 
@@ -156,23 +248,65 @@ struct commit_graft *read_graft_line(char *buf, int len);
 int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *, int);
 struct commit_graft *lookup_commit_graft(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
-extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *rev1, struct commit *rev2, int cleanup);
-extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos, int cleanup);
+extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *rev1, struct commit *rev2);
+extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos);
 extern struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in);
 
+/* To be used only when object flags after this call no longer matter */
+extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many_dirty(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos);
+
+/* largest positive number a signed 32-bit integer can contain */
+#define INFINITE_DEPTH 0x7fffffff
+
+struct sha1_array;
+struct ref;
 extern int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int for_each_commit_graft(each_commit_graft_fn, void *);
 extern int is_repository_shallow(void);
 extern struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads,
 		int depth, int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag);
+extern void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path, int override);
+extern int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol,
+				 const struct sha1_array *extra);
+extern void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
+				    const char **alternate_shallow_file,
+				    const struct sha1_array *extra);
+extern const char *setup_temporary_shallow(const struct sha1_array *extra);
+extern void advertise_shallow_grafts(int);
+
+struct shallow_info {
+	struct sha1_array *shallow;
+	int *ours, nr_ours;
+	int *theirs, nr_theirs;
+	struct sha1_array *ref;
+
+	/* for receive-pack */
+	uint32_t **used_shallow;
+	int *need_reachability_test;
+	int *reachable;
+	int *shallow_ref;
+	struct commit **commits;
+	int nr_commits;
+};
+
+extern void prepare_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *, struct sha1_array *);
+extern void clear_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *);
+extern void remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(struct shallow_info *);
+extern void assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(struct shallow_info *info,
+					   uint32_t **used,
+					   int *ref_status);
+extern int delayed_reachability_test(struct shallow_info *si, int c);
+extern void prune_shallow(int show_only);
+extern struct trace_key trace_shallow;
 
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *, struct commit_list *);
-int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit **, int);
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit *);
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *, int, struct commit **);
 
 extern int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch);
 extern int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
-			       const char **pathspec);
+			       const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
 static inline int single_parent(struct commit *commit)
 {
@@ -191,20 +325,40 @@ struct commit_extra_header {
 extern void append_merge_tag_headers(struct commit_list *parents,
 				     struct commit_extra_header ***tail);
 
-extern int commit_tree(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+extern int commit_tree(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+		       const unsigned char *tree,
 		       struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
-		       const char *author);
+		       const char *author, const char *sign_commit);
 
-extern int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+extern int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+				const unsigned char *tree,
 				struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
-				const char *author,
+				const char *author, const char *sign_commit,
 				struct commit_extra_header *);
 
-extern struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_headers(struct commit *);
-extern struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buf, size_t len);
+extern struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_headers(struct commit *, const char **);
 
 extern void free_commit_extra_headers(struct commit_extra_header *extra);
 
+/*
+ * Search the commit object contents given by "msg" for the header "key".
+ * Returns a pointer to the start of the header contents, or NULL. The length
+ * of the header, up to the first newline, is returned via out_len.
+ *
+ * Note that some headers (like mergetag) may be multi-line. It is the caller's
+ * responsibility to parse further in this case!
+ */
+extern const char *find_commit_header(const char *msg, const char *key,
+				      size_t *out_len);
+
+/* Find the end of the log message, the right place for a new trailer. */
+extern int ignore_non_trailer(struct strbuf *sb);
+
+typedef void (*each_mergetag_fn)(struct commit *commit, struct commit_extra_header *extra,
+				 void *cb_data);
+
+extern void for_each_mergetag(each_mergetag_fn fn, struct commit *commit, void *data);
+
 struct merge_remote_desc {
 	struct object *obj; /* the named object, could be a tag */
 	const char *name;
@@ -218,4 +372,26 @@ struct merge_remote_desc {
  */
 struct commit *get_merge_parent(const char *name);
 
+extern int parse_signed_commit(const struct commit *commit,
+			       struct strbuf *message, struct strbuf *signature);
+extern int remove_signature(struct strbuf *buf);
+
+extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+			      const char *format_cur,
+			      const char *format_last);
+
+/*
+ * Check the signature of the given commit. The result of the check is stored
+ * in sig->check_result, 'G' for a good signature, 'U' for a good signature
+ * from an untrusted signer, 'B' for a bad signature and 'N' for no signature
+ * at all.  This may allocate memory for sig->gpg_output, sig->gpg_status,
+ * sig->signer and sig->key.
+ */
+extern int check_commit_signature(const struct commit *commit, struct signature_check *sigc);
+
+int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused);
+
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+extern int run_commit_hook(int editor_is_used, const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
+
 #endif /* COMMIT_H */
diff --git a/compat/apple-common-crypto.h b/compat/apple-common-crypto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11727f3e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/apple-common-crypto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/* suppress inclusion of conflicting openssl functions */
+#define OPENSSL_NO_MD5
+#define HEADER_HMAC_H
+#define HEADER_SHA_H
+#include <CommonCrypto/CommonHMAC.h>
+#define EVP_md5(...) kCCHmacAlgMD5
+/* CCHmac doesn't take md_len and the return type is void */
+#define HMAC git_CC_HMAC
+static inline unsigned char *git_CC_HMAC(CCHmacAlgorithm alg,
+		const void *key, int key_len,
+		const unsigned char *data, size_t data_len,
+		unsigned char *md, unsigned int *md_len)
+{
+	CCHmac(alg, key, key_len, data, data_len, md);
+	return md;
+}
+
+#if __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= 1070
+#define APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER
+#include <Security/Security.h>
+/* Apple's TYPE_BOOL conflicts with config.c */
+#undef TYPE_BOOL
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE
+#error Using Apple Common Crypto library requires setting SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE
+#endif
+
+#ifdef APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER
+#define git_CC_error_check(pattern, err) \
+	do { \
+		if (err) { \
+			die(pattern, (long)CFErrorGetCode(err)); \
+		} \
+	} while(0)
+
+#define EVP_EncodeBlock git_CC_EVP_EncodeBlock
+static inline int git_CC_EVP_EncodeBlock(unsigned char *out,
+		const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
+{
+	CFErrorRef err;
+	SecTransformRef encoder;
+	CFDataRef input, output;
+	CFIndex length;
+
+	encoder = SecEncodeTransformCreate(kSecBase64Encoding, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecEncodeTransformCreate failed: %ld", err);
+
+	input = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, in, inlen);
+	SecTransformSetAttribute(encoder, kSecTransformInputAttributeName,
+			input, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformSetAttribute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	output = SecTransformExecute(encoder, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformExecute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	length = CFDataGetLength(output);
+	CFDataGetBytes(output, CFRangeMake(0, length), out);
+
+	CFRelease(output);
+	CFRelease(input);
+	CFRelease(encoder);
+
+	return (int)strlen((const char *)out);
+}
+
+#define EVP_DecodeBlock git_CC_EVP_DecodeBlock
+static int inline git_CC_EVP_DecodeBlock(unsigned char *out,
+		const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
+{
+	CFErrorRef err;
+	SecTransformRef decoder;
+	CFDataRef input, output;
+	CFIndex length;
+
+	decoder = SecDecodeTransformCreate(kSecBase64Encoding, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecEncodeTransformCreate failed: %ld", err);
+
+	input = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, in, inlen);
+	SecTransformSetAttribute(decoder, kSecTransformInputAttributeName,
+			input, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformSetAttribute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	output = SecTransformExecute(decoder, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformExecute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	length = CFDataGetLength(output);
+	CFDataGetBytes(output, CFRangeMake(0, length), out);
+
+	CFRelease(output);
+	CFRelease(input);
+	CFRelease(decoder);
+
+	return (int)strlen((const char *)out);
+}
+#endif /* APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER */
diff --git a/compat/basename.c b/compat/basename.c
index d8f8a3c6dc..96bd9533b4 100644
--- a/compat/basename.c
+++ b/compat/basename.c
@@ -1,15 +1,71 @@
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#include "../strbuf.h"
 
 /* Adapted from libiberty's basename.c.  */
 char *gitbasename (char *path)
 {
 	const char *base;
-	/* Skip over the disk name in MSDOS pathnames. */
-	if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path))
-		path += 2;
+
+	if (path)
+		skip_dos_drive_prefix(&path);
+
+	if (!path || !*path)
+		return ".";
+
 	for (base = path; *path; path++) {
-		if (is_dir_sep(*path))
-			base = path + 1;
+		if (!is_dir_sep(*path))
+			continue;
+		do {
+			path++;
+		} while (is_dir_sep(*path));
+		if (*path)
+			base = path;
+		else
+			while (--path != base && is_dir_sep(*path))
+				*path = '\0';
 	}
 	return (char *)base;
 }
+
+char *gitdirname(char *path)
+{
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *p = path, *slash = NULL, c;
+	int dos_drive_prefix;
+
+	if (!p)
+		return ".";
+
+	if ((dos_drive_prefix = skip_dos_drive_prefix(&p)) && !*p)
+		goto dot;
+
+	/*
+	 * POSIX.1-2001 says dirname("/") should return "/", and dirname("//")
+	 * should return "//", but dirname("///") should return "/" again.
+	 */
+	if (is_dir_sep(*p)) {
+		if (!p[1] || (is_dir_sep(p[1]) && !p[2]))
+			return path;
+		slash = ++p;
+	}
+	while ((c = *(p++)))
+		if (is_dir_sep(c)) {
+			char *tentative = p - 1;
+
+			/* POSIX.1-2001 says to ignore trailing slashes */
+			while (is_dir_sep(*p))
+				p++;
+			if (*p)
+				slash = tentative;
+		}
+
+	if (slash) {
+		*slash = '\0';
+		return path;
+	}
+
+dot:
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%.*s.", dos_drive_prefix, path);
+	return buf.buf;
+}
diff --git a/compat/bswap.h b/compat/bswap.h
index 5061214f73..d47c003544 100644
--- a/compat/bswap.h
+++ b/compat/bswap.h
@@ -17,7 +17,20 @@ static inline uint32_t default_swab32(uint32_t val)
 		((val & 0x000000ff) << 24));
 }
 
+static inline uint64_t default_bswap64(uint64_t val)
+{
+	return (((val & (uint64_t)0x00000000000000ffULL) << 56) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x000000000000ff00ULL) << 40) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x0000000000ff0000ULL) << 24) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x00000000ff000000ULL) <<  8) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x000000ff00000000ULL) >>  8) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x0000ff0000000000ULL) >> 24) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x00ff000000000000ULL) >> 40) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0xff00000000000000ULL) >> 56));
+}
+
 #undef bswap32
+#undef bswap64
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
 
@@ -32,15 +45,42 @@ static inline uint32_t git_bswap32(uint32_t x)
 	return result;
 }
 
+#define bswap64 git_bswap64
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+static inline uint64_t git_bswap64(uint64_t x)
+{
+	uint64_t result;
+	if (__builtin_constant_p(x))
+		result = default_bswap64(x);
+	else
+		__asm__("bswap %q0" : "=r" (result) : "0" (x));
+	return result;
+}
+#else
+static inline uint64_t git_bswap64(uint64_t x)
+{
+	union { uint64_t i64; uint32_t i32[2]; } tmp, result;
+	if (__builtin_constant_p(x))
+		result.i64 = default_bswap64(x);
+	else {
+		tmp.i64 = x;
+		result.i32[0] = git_bswap32(tmp.i32[1]);
+		result.i32[1] = git_bswap32(tmp.i32[0]);
+	}
+	return result.i64;
+}
+#endif
+
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64))
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #define bswap32(x) _byteswap_ulong(x)
+#define bswap64(x) _byteswap_uint64(x)
 
 #endif
 
-#ifdef bswap32
+#if defined(bswap32)
 
 #undef ntohl
 #undef htonl
@@ -48,3 +88,93 @@ static inline uint32_t git_bswap32(uint32_t x)
 #define htonl(x) bswap32(x)
 
 #endif
+
+#if defined(bswap64)
+
+#undef ntohll
+#undef htonll
+#define ntohll(x) bswap64(x)
+#define htonll(x) bswap64(x)
+
+#else
+
+#undef ntohll
+#undef htonll
+
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
+
+# define GIT_BYTE_ORDER __BYTE_ORDER
+# define GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define GIT_BIG_ENDIAN __BIG_ENDIAN
+
+#elif defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN)
+
+# define GIT_BYTE_ORDER BYTE_ORDER
+# define GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define GIT_BIG_ENDIAN BIG_ENDIAN
+
+#else
+
+# define GIT_BIG_ENDIAN 4321
+# define GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1234
+
+# if defined(_BIG_ENDIAN) && !defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#  define GIT_BYTE_ORDER GIT_BIG_ENDIAN
+# elif defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)
+#  define GIT_BYTE_ORDER GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# elif defined(__THW_BIG_ENDIAN__) && !defined(__THW_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+#  define GIT_BYTE_ORDER GIT_BIG_ENDIAN
+# elif defined(__THW_LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && !defined(__THW_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#  define GIT_BYTE_ORDER GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# else
+#  error "Cannot determine endianness"
+# endif
+
+#endif
+
+#if GIT_BYTE_ORDER == GIT_BIG_ENDIAN
+# define ntohll(n) (n)
+# define htonll(n) (n)
+#else
+# define ntohll(n) default_bswap64(n)
+# define htonll(n) default_bswap64(n)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Performance might be improved if the CPU architecture is OK with
+ * unaligned 32-bit loads and a fast ntohl() is available.
+ * Otherwise fall back to byte loads and shifts which is portable,
+ * and is faster on architectures with memory alignment issues.
+ */
+
+#if !defined(NO_UNALIGNED_LOADS) && ( \
+    defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || \
+    defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64) || \
+    defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || \
+    defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__) || \
+    defined(__s390__) || defined(__s390x__))
+
+#define get_be16(p)	ntohs(*(unsigned short *)(p))
+#define get_be32(p)	ntohl(*(unsigned int *)(p))
+#define put_be32(p, v)	do { *(unsigned int *)(p) = htonl(v); } while (0)
+
+#else
+
+#define get_be16(p)	( \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) << 8) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) << 0) )
+#define get_be32(p)	( \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) << 24) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) << 16) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) <<  8) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) <<  0) )
+#define put_be32(p, v)	do { \
+	unsigned int __v = (v); \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) = __v >> 24; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) = __v >> 16; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) = __v >>  8; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) = __v >>  0; } while (0)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.c b/compat/cygwin.c
deleted file mode 100644
index dfe9b3084f..0000000000
--- a/compat/cygwin.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-#include "win32.h"
-#include "../cache.h" /* to read configuration */
-
-static inline void filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft, struct timespec *ts)
-{
-	long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) +
-			ft->dwLowDateTime;
-	winTime -= 116444736000000000LL; /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
-	/* convert 100-nsecond interval to seconds and nanoseconds */
-	ts->tv_sec = (time_t)(winTime/10000000);
-	ts->tv_nsec = (long)(winTime - ts->tv_sec*10000000LL) * 100;
-}
-
-#define size_to_blocks(s) (((s)+511)/512)
-
-/* do_stat is a common implementation for cygwin_lstat and cygwin_stat.
- *
- * To simplify its logic, in the case of cygwin symlinks, this implementation
- * falls back to the cygwin version of stat/lstat, which is provided as the
- * last argument.
- */
-static int do_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf, stat_fn_t cygstat)
-{
-	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
-
-	if (file_name[0] == '/')
-		return cygstat (file_name, buf);
-
-	if (!(errno = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
-		/*
-		 * If the system attribute is set and it is not a directory then
-		 * it could be a symbol link created in the nowinsymlinks mode.
-		 * Normally, Cygwin works in the winsymlinks mode, so this situation
-		 * is very unlikely. For the sake of simplicity of our code, let's
-		 * Cygwin to handle it.
-		 */
-		if ((fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM) &&
-		    !(fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
-			return cygstat(file_name, buf);
-
-		/* fill out the stat structure */
-		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
-		buf->st_ino = 0;
-		buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
-		buf->st_nlink = 1;
-		buf->st_uid = buf->st_gid = 0;
-#ifdef __CYGWIN_USE_BIG_TYPES__
-		buf->st_size = ((_off64_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh << 32) +
-			fdata.nFileSizeLow;
-#else
-		buf->st_size = (off_t)fdata.nFileSizeLow;
-#endif
-		buf->st_blocks = size_to_blocks(buf->st_size);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastAccessTime, &buf->st_atim);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastWriteTime, &buf->st_mtim);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftCreationTime, &buf->st_ctim);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (errno == ENOENT) {
-		/*
-		 * In the winsymlinks mode (which is the default), Cygwin
-		 * emulates symbol links using Windows shortcut files. These
-		 * files are formed by adding .lnk extension. So, if we have
-		 * not found the specified file name, it could be that it is
-		 * a symbol link. Let's Cygwin to deal with that.
-		 */
-		return cygstat(file_name, buf);
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/* We provide our own lstat/stat functions, since the provided Cygwin versions
- * of these functions are too slow. These stat functions are tailored for Git's
- * usage, and therefore they are not meant to be complete and correct emulation
- * of lstat/stat functionality.
- */
-static int cygwin_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return do_stat(path, buf, lstat);
-}
-
-static int cygwin_stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return do_stat(path, buf, stat);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * At start up, we are trying to determine whether Win32 API or cygwin stat
- * functions should be used. The choice is determined by core.ignorecygwinfstricks.
- * Reading this option is not always possible immediately as git_dir may
- * not be set yet. So until it is set, use cygwin lstat/stat functions.
- * However, if core.filemode is set, we must use the Cygwin posix
- * stat/lstat as the Windows stat functions do not determine posix filemode.
- *
- * Note that git_cygwin_config() does NOT call git_default_config() and this
- * is deliberate.  Many commands read from config to establish initial
- * values in variables and later tweak them from elsewhere (e.g. command line).
- * init_stat() is called lazily on demand, typically much late in the program,
- * and calling git_default_config() from here would break such variables.
- */
-static int native_stat = 1;
-static int core_filemode = 1; /* matches trust_executable_bit default */
-
-static int git_cygwin_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.ignorecygwinfstricks"))
-		native_stat = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "core.filemode"))
-		core_filemode = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int init_stat(void)
-{
-	if (have_git_dir() && git_config(git_cygwin_config,NULL)) {
-		if (!core_filemode && native_stat) {
-			cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat;
-			cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat;
-		} else {
-			cygwin_stat_fn = stat;
-			cygwin_lstat_fn = lstat;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int cygwin_stat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return (init_stat() ? stat : *cygwin_stat_fn)(file_name, buf);
-}
-
-static int cygwin_lstat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return (init_stat() ? lstat : *cygwin_lstat_fn)(file_name, buf);
-}
-
-stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat_stub;
-stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat_stub;
-
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.h b/compat/cygwin.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a3229f5b4f..0000000000
--- a/compat/cygwin.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-typedef int (*stat_fn_t)(const char*, struct stat*);
-extern stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn;
-extern stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn;
-
-#define stat(path, buf) (*cygwin_stat_fn)(path, buf)
-#define lstat(path, buf) (*cygwin_lstat_fn)(path, buf)
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 9473aed2bb..0000000000
--- a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,492 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
-   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
-   License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Library General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
-   License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
-   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
-
-#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
-# include <config.h>
-#endif
-
-/* Enable GNU extensions in fnmatch.h.  */
-#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
-# define _GNU_SOURCE	1
-#endif
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fnmatch.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-
-#if HAVE_STRING_H || defined _LIBC
-# include <string.h>
-#else
-# include <strings.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined STDC_HEADERS || defined _LIBC
-# include <stdlib.h>
-#endif
-
-/* For platforms which support the ISO C amendment 1 functionality we
-   support user defined character classes.  */
-#if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
-/* Solaris 2.5 has a bug: <wchar.h> must be included before <wctype.h>.  */
-# include <wchar.h>
-# include <wctype.h>
-#endif
-
-/* Comment out all this code if we are using the GNU C Library, and are not
-   actually compiling the library itself.  This code is part of the GNU C
-   Library, but also included in many other GNU distributions.  Compiling
-   and linking in this code is a waste when using the GNU C library
-   (especially if it is a shared library).  Rather than having every GNU
-   program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
-   it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file.  */
-
-#if defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
-
-
-# if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
-#  define ISASCII(c) 1
-# else
-#  define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
-# endif
-
-# ifdef isblank
-#  define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII (c) && isblank (c))
-# else
-#  define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
-# endif
-# ifdef isgraph
-#  define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII (c) && isgraph (c))
-# else
-#  define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII (c) && isprint (c) && !isspace (c))
-# endif
-
-# define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isprint (c))
-# define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isdigit (c))
-# define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII (c) && isalnum (c))
-# define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII (c) && isalpha (c))
-# define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII (c) && iscntrl (c))
-# define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII (c) && islower (c))
-# define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII (c) && ispunct (c))
-# define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII (c) && isspace (c))
-# define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII (c) && isupper (c))
-# define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isxdigit (c))
-
-# define STREQ(s1, s2) ((strcmp (s1, s2) == 0))
-
-# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
-/* The GNU C library provides support for user-defined character classes
-   and the functions from ISO C amendment 1.  */
-#  ifdef CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
-#   define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
-#  else
-/* This shouldn't happen but some implementation might still have this
-   problem.  Use a reasonable default value.  */
-#   define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH 256
-#  endif
-
-#  ifdef _LIBC
-#   define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string) __wctype (string)
-#  else
-#   define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string) wctype (string)
-#  endif
-# else
-#  define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH  6 /* Namely, `xdigit'.  */
-
-#  define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string)						      \
-   (STREQ (string, "alpha") || STREQ (string, "upper")			      \
-    || STREQ (string, "lower") || STREQ (string, "digit")		      \
-    || STREQ (string, "alnum") || STREQ (string, "xdigit")		      \
-    || STREQ (string, "space") || STREQ (string, "print")		      \
-    || STREQ (string, "punct") || STREQ (string, "graph")		      \
-    || STREQ (string, "cntrl") || STREQ (string, "blank"))
-# endif
-
-/* Avoid depending on library functions or files
-   whose names are inconsistent.  */
-
-# if !defined _LIBC && !defined getenv
-extern char *getenv ();
-# endif
-
-# ifndef errno
-extern int errno;
-# endif
-
-# ifndef NULL
-#  define NULL 0
-# endif
-
-/* This function doesn't exist on most systems.  */
-
-# if !defined HAVE___STRCHRNUL && !defined _LIBC
-static char *
-__strchrnul (s, c)
-     const char *s;
-     int c;
-{
-  char *result = strchr (s, c);
-  if (result == NULL)
-    result = strchr (s, '\0');
-  return result;
-}
-# endif
-
-# ifndef internal_function
-/* Inside GNU libc we mark some function in a special way.  In other
-   environments simply ignore the marking.  */
-#  define internal_function
-# endif
-
-/* Match STRING against the filename pattern PATTERN, returning zero if
-   it matches, nonzero if not.  */
-static int internal_fnmatch __P ((const char *pattern, const char *string,
-				  int no_leading_period, int flags))
-     internal_function;
-static int
-internal_function
-internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, no_leading_period, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int no_leading_period;
-     int flags;
-{
-  register const char *p = pattern, *n = string;
-  register unsigned char c;
-
-/* Note that this evaluates C many times.  */
-# ifdef _LIBC
-#  define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) ? tolower (c) : (c))
-# else
-#  define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER (c) ? tolower (c) : (c))
-# endif
-
-  while ((c = *p++) != '\0')
-    {
-      c = FOLD (c);
-
-      switch (c)
-	{
-	case '?':
-	  if (*n == '\0')
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  else if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  else if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period
-		   && (n == string
-		       || (n[-1] == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  break;
-
-	case '\\':
-	  if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE))
-	    {
-	      c = *p++;
-	      if (c == '\0')
-		/* Trailing \ loses.  */
-		return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	      c = FOLD (c);
-	    }
-	  if (FOLD ((unsigned char) *n) != c)
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  break;
-
-	case '*':
-	  if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period
-	      && (n == string
-		  || (n[-1] == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	  for (c = *p++; c == '?' || c == '*'; c = *p++)
-	    {
-	      if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
-		/* A slash does not match a wildcard under FNM_FILE_NAME.  */
-		return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	      else if (c == '?')
-		{
-		  /* A ? needs to match one character.  */
-		  if (*n == '\0')
-		    /* There isn't another character; no match.  */
-		    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		  else
-		    /* One character of the string is consumed in matching
-		       this ? wildcard, so *??? won't match if there are
-		       less than three characters.  */
-		    ++n;
-		}
-	    }
-
-	  if (c == '\0')
-	    /* The wildcard(s) is/are the last element of the pattern.
-	       If the name is a file name and contains another slash
-	       this does mean it cannot match.  */
-	    return ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME) && strchr (n, '/') != NULL
-		    ? FNM_NOMATCH : 0);
-	  else
-	    {
-	      const char *endp;
-
-	      endp = __strchrnul (n, (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME) ? '/' : '\0');
-
-	      if (c == '[')
-		{
-		  int flags2 = ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME)
-				? flags : (flags & ~FNM_PERIOD));
-
-		  for (--p; n < endp; ++n)
-		    if (internal_fnmatch (p, n,
-					  (no_leading_period
-					   && (n == string
-					       || (n[-1] == '/'
-						   && (flags
-						       & FNM_FILE_NAME)))),
-					  flags2)
-			== 0)
-		      return 0;
-		}
-	      else if (c == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
-		{
-		  while (*n != '\0' && *n != '/')
-		    ++n;
-		  if (*n == '/'
-		      && (internal_fnmatch (p, n + 1, flags & FNM_PERIOD,
-					    flags) == 0))
-		    return 0;
-		}
-	      else
-		{
-		  int flags2 = ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME)
-				? flags : (flags & ~FNM_PERIOD));
-
-		  if (c == '\\' && !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE))
-		    c = *p;
-		  c = FOLD (c);
-		  for (--p; n < endp; ++n)
-		    if (FOLD ((unsigned char) *n) == c
-			&& (internal_fnmatch (p, n,
-					      (no_leading_period
-					       && (n == string
-						   || (n[-1] == '/'
-						       && (flags
-							   & FNM_FILE_NAME)))),
-					      flags2) == 0))
-		      return 0;
-		}
-	    }
-
-	  /* If we come here no match is possible with the wildcard.  */
-	  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	case '[':
-	  {
-	    /* Nonzero if the sense of the character class is inverted.  */
-	    static int posixly_correct;
-	    register int not;
-	    char cold;
-
-	    if (posixly_correct == 0)
-	      posixly_correct = getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL ? 1 : -1;
-
-	    if (*n == '\0')
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	    if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period && (n == string
-						   || (n[-1] == '/'
-						       && (flags
-							   & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	    if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
-	      /* `/' cannot be matched.  */
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	    not = (*p == '!' || (posixly_correct < 0 && *p == '^'));
-	    if (not)
-	      ++p;
-
-	    c = *p++;
-	    for (;;)
-	      {
-		unsigned char fn = FOLD ((unsigned char) *n);
-
-		if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\')
-		  {
-		    if (*p == '\0')
-		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		    c = FOLD ((unsigned char) *p);
-		    ++p;
-
-		    if (c == fn)
-		      goto matched;
-		  }
-		else if (c == '[' && *p == ':')
-		  {
-		    /* Leave room for the null.  */
-		    char str[CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
-		    size_t c1 = 0;
-# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
-		    wctype_t wt;
-# endif
-		    const char *startp = p;
-
-		    for (;;)
-		      {
-			if (c1 == CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH)
-			  /* The name is too long and therefore the pattern
-			     is ill-formed.  */
-			  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-			c = *++p;
-			if (c == ':' && p[1] == ']')
-			  {
-			    p += 2;
-			    break;
-			  }
-			if (c < 'a' || c >= 'z')
-			  {
-			    /* This cannot possibly be a character class name.
-			       Match it as a normal range.  */
-			    p = startp;
-			    c = '[';
-			    goto normal_bracket;
-			  }
-			str[c1++] = c;
-		      }
-		    str[c1] = '\0';
-
-# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
-		    wt = IS_CHAR_CLASS (str);
-		    if (wt == 0)
-		      /* Invalid character class name.  */
-		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-		    if (__iswctype (__btowc ((unsigned char) *n), wt))
-		      goto matched;
-# else
-		    if ((STREQ (str, "alnum") && ISALNUM ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "alpha") && ISALPHA ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "blank") && ISBLANK ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "cntrl") && ISCNTRL ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "digit") && ISDIGIT ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "graph") && ISGRAPH ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "lower") && ISLOWER ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "print") && ISPRINT ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "punct") && ISPUNCT ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "space") && ISSPACE ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "upper") && ISUPPER ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "xdigit") && ISXDIGIT ((unsigned char) *n)))
-		      goto matched;
-# endif
-		  }
-		else if (c == '\0')
-		  /* [ (unterminated) loses.  */
-		  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		else
-		  {
-		  normal_bracket:
-		    if (FOLD (c) == fn)
-		      goto matched;
-
-		    cold = c;
-		    c = *p++;
-
-		    if (c == '-' && *p != ']')
-		      {
-			/* It is a range.  */
-			unsigned char cend = *p++;
-			if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && cend == '\\')
-			  cend = *p++;
-			if (cend == '\0')
-			  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-			if (cold <= fn && fn <= FOLD (cend))
-			  goto matched;
-
-			c = *p++;
-		      }
-		  }
-
-		if (c == ']')
-		  break;
-	      }
-
-	    if (!not)
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	    break;
-
-	  matched:
-	    /* Skip the rest of the [...] that already matched.  */
-	    while (c != ']')
-	      {
-		if (c == '\0')
-		  /* [... (unterminated) loses.  */
-		  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-		c = *p++;
-		if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\')
-		  {
-		    if (*p == '\0')
-		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		    /* XXX 1003.2d11 is unclear if this is right.  */
-		    ++p;
-		  }
-		else if (c == '[' && *p == ':')
-		  {
-		    do
-		      if (*++p == '\0')
-			return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		    while (*p != ':' || p[1] == ']');
-		    p += 2;
-		    c = *p;
-		  }
-	      }
-	    if (not)
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  }
-	  break;
-
-	default:
-	  if (c != FOLD ((unsigned char) *n))
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	}
-
-      ++n;
-    }
-
-  if (*n == '\0')
-    return 0;
-
-  if ((flags & FNM_LEADING_DIR) && *n == '/')
-    /* The FNM_LEADING_DIR flag says that "foo*" matches "foobar/frobozz".  */
-    return 0;
-
-  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-# undef FOLD
-}
-
-
-int
-fnmatch (pattern, string, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int flags;
-{
-  return internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, flags & FNM_PERIOD, flags);
-}
-
-#endif	/* _LIBC or not __GNU_LIBRARY__.  */
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h
deleted file mode 100644
index cc3ec37940..0000000000
--- a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
-   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
-   License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Library General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
-   License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
-   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
-
-#ifndef	_FNMATCH_H
-#define	_FNMATCH_H	1
-
-#ifdef	__cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-#if defined __cplusplus || (defined __STDC__ && __STDC__) || defined WINDOWS32
-# if !defined __GLIBC__ || !defined __P
-#  undef	__P
-#  define __P(protos)	protos
-# endif
-#else /* Not C++ or ANSI C.  */
-# undef	__P
-# define __P(protos)	()
-/* We can get away without defining `const' here only because in this file
-   it is used only inside the prototype for `fnmatch', which is elided in
-   non-ANSI C where `const' is problematical.  */
-#endif /* C++ or ANSI C.  */
-
-#ifndef const
-# if (defined __STDC__ && __STDC__) || defined __cplusplus
-#  define __const	const
-# else
-#  define __const
-# endif
-#endif
-
-/* We #undef these before defining them because some losing systems
-   (HP-UX A.08.07 for example) define these in <unistd.h>.  */
-#undef	FNM_PATHNAME
-#undef	FNM_NOESCAPE
-#undef	FNM_PERIOD
-
-/* Bits set in the FLAGS argument to `fnmatch'.  */
-#define	FNM_PATHNAME	(1 << 0) /* No wildcard can ever match `/'.  */
-#define	FNM_NOESCAPE	(1 << 1) /* Backslashes don't quote special chars.  */
-#define	FNM_PERIOD	(1 << 2) /* Leading `.' is matched only explicitly.  */
-
-#if !defined _POSIX_C_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE < 2 || defined _GNU_SOURCE
-# define FNM_FILE_NAME	 FNM_PATHNAME	/* Preferred GNU name.  */
-# define FNM_LEADING_DIR (1 << 3)	/* Ignore `/...' after a match.  */
-# define FNM_CASEFOLD	 (1 << 4)	/* Compare without regard to case.  */
-#endif
-
-/* Value returned by `fnmatch' if STRING does not match PATTERN.  */
-#define	FNM_NOMATCH	1
-
-/* This value is returned if the implementation does not support
-   `fnmatch'.  Since this is not the case here it will never be
-   returned but the conformance test suites still require the symbol
-   to be defined.  */
-#ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-# define FNM_NOSYS	(-1)
-#endif
-
-/* Match NAME against the filename pattern PATTERN,
-   returning zero if it matches, FNM_NOMATCH if not.  */
-extern int fnmatch __P ((__const char *__pattern, __const char *__name,
-			 int __flags));
-
-#ifdef	__cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* fnmatch.h */
diff --git a/compat/gmtime.c b/compat/gmtime.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8362dd2b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/gmtime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#undef gmtime
+#undef gmtime_r
+
+struct tm *git_gmtime(const time_t *timep)
+{
+	static struct tm result;
+	return git_gmtime_r(timep, &result);
+}
+
+struct tm *git_gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
+{
+	struct tm *ret;
+
+	memset(result, 0, sizeof(*result));
+	ret = gmtime_r(timep, result);
+
+	/*
+	 * Rather than NULL, FreeBSD gmtime simply leaves the "struct tm"
+	 * untouched when it encounters overflow. Since "mday" cannot otherwise
+	 * be zero, we can test this very quickly.
+	 */
+	if (ret && !ret->tm_mday) {
+		ret = NULL;
+		errno = EOVERFLOW;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/compat/hstrerror.c b/compat/hstrerror.c
index 069c555da4..b85a2fa956 100644
--- a/compat/hstrerror.c
+++ b/compat/hstrerror.c
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ const char *githstrerror(int err)
 	case TRY_AGAIN:
 		return "Non-authoritative \"host not found\", or SERVERFAIL";
 	}
-	sprintf(buffer, "Name resolution error %d", err);
+	snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "Name resolution error %d", err);
 	return buffer;
 }
diff --git a/compat/inet_ntop.c b/compat/inet_ntop.c
index 60b5a1d0f8..68307262be 100644
--- a/compat/inet_ntop.c
+++ b/compat/inet_ntop.c
@@ -15,14 +15,8 @@
  * SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
 #ifndef NS_INADDRSZ
 #define NS_INADDRSZ	4
 #endif
@@ -59,11 +53,11 @@ inet_ntop4(const u_char *src, char *dst, size_t size)
 	nprinted = snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmt, src[0], src[1], src[2], src[3]);
 	if (nprinted < 0)
 		return (NULL);	/* we assume "errno" was set by "snprintf()" */
-	if ((size_t)nprinted > size) {
+	if ((size_t)nprinted >= size) {
 		errno = ENOSPC;
 		return (NULL);
 	}
-	strcpy(dst, tmp);
+	strlcpy(dst, tmp, size);
 	return (dst);
 }
 
@@ -160,7 +154,7 @@ inet_ntop6(const u_char *src, char *dst, size_t size)
 		errno = ENOSPC;
 		return (NULL);
 	}
-	strcpy(dst, tmp);
+	strlcpy(dst, tmp, size);
 	return (dst);
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/inet_pton.c b/compat/inet_pton.c
index 2ec995e63d..2b9a0a4e22 100644
--- a/compat/inet_pton.c
+++ b/compat/inet_pton.c
@@ -15,14 +15,8 @@
  * WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
 #ifndef NS_INT16SZ
 #define NS_INT16SZ       2
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index a0ac487c0c..2b5467dead 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
 #include "win32.h"
 #include <conio.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
 #include "../strbuf.h"
 #include "../run-command.h"
+#include "../cache.h"
+
+#define HCAST(type, handle) ((type)(intptr_t)handle)
 
 static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
 
@@ -198,14 +202,16 @@ static int ask_yes_no_if_possible(const char *format, ...)
 	}
 }
 
-#undef unlink
 int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 {
 	int ret, tries = 0;
+	wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	/* read-only files cannot be removed */
-	chmod(pathname, 0666);
-	while ((ret = unlink(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
+	_wchmod(wpathname, 0666);
+	while ((ret = _wunlink(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 		if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 			break;
 		/*
@@ -221,43 +227,45 @@ int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 	while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 	       ask_yes_no_if_possible("Unlink of file '%s' failed. "
 			"Should I try again?", pathname))
-	       ret = unlink(pathname);
+	       ret = _wunlink(wpathname);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int is_dir_empty(const char *path)
+static int is_dir_empty(const wchar_t *wpath)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
+	WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 	HANDLE handle;
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\\*", path);
-	handle = FindFirstFileA(buf.buf, &findbuf);
-	if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	wchar_t wbuf[MAX_PATH + 2];
+	wcscpy(wbuf, wpath);
+	wcscat(wbuf, L"\\*");
+	handle = FindFirstFileW(wbuf, &findbuf);
+	if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 		return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
-	}
 
-	while (!strcmp(findbuf.cFileName, ".") ||
-			!strcmp(findbuf.cFileName, ".."))
-		if (!FindNextFile(handle, &findbuf)) {
-			strbuf_release(&buf);
-			return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
+	while (!wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".") ||
+			!wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".."))
+		if (!FindNextFileW(handle, &findbuf)) {
+			DWORD err = GetLastError();
+			FindClose(handle);
+			return err == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 		}
 	FindClose(handle);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-#undef rmdir
 int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 {
 	int ret, tries = 0;
+	wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
-	while ((ret = rmdir(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
+	while ((ret = _wrmdir(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 		if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
+			errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		if (errno != EACCES)
 			break;
-		if (!is_dir_empty(pathname)) {
+		if (!is_dir_empty(wpathname)) {
 			errno = ENOTEMPTY;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -271,19 +279,74 @@ int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 		Sleep(delay[tries]);
 		tries++;
 	}
-	while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
+	while (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 	       ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 			"Should I try again?", pathname))
-	       ret = rmdir(pathname);
+	       ret = _wrmdir(wpathname);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline int needs_hiding(const char *path)
+{
+	const char *basename;
+
+	if (hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_FALSE)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* We cannot use basename(), as it would remove trailing slashes */
+	mingw_skip_dos_drive_prefix((char **)&path);
+	if (!*path)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (basename = path; *path; path++)
+		if (is_dir_sep(*path)) {
+			do {
+				path++;
+			} while (is_dir_sep(*path));
+			/* ignore trailing slashes */
+			if (*path)
+				basename = path;
+		}
+
+	if (hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_TRUE)
+		return *basename == '.';
+
+	assert(hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY);
+	return !strncasecmp(".git", basename, 4) &&
+		(!basename[4] || is_dir_sep(basename[4]));
+}
+
+static int set_hidden_flag(const wchar_t *path, int set)
+{
+	DWORD original = GetFileAttributesW(path), modified;
+	if (set)
+		modified = original | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+	else
+		modified = original & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+	if (original == modified || SetFileAttributesW(path, modified))
+		return 0;
+	errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
+{
+	int ret;
+	wchar_t wpath[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpath, path) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	ret = _wmkdir(wpath);
+	if (!ret && needs_hiding(path))
+		return set_hidden_flag(wpath, 1);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-#undef open
 int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
 	unsigned mode;
 	int fd;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 
 	va_start(args, oflags);
 	mode = va_arg(args, int);
@@ -292,47 +355,161 @@ int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
 
-	fd = open(filename, oflags, mode);
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	fd = _wopen(wfilename, oflags, mode);
 
-	if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EACCES) {
-		DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(filename);
+	if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY && errno == EACCES) {
+		DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 		if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 			errno = EISDIR;
 	}
+	if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && needs_hiding(filename)) {
+		/*
+		 * Internally, _wopen() uses the CreateFile() API which errors
+		 * out with an ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED if CREATE_ALWAYS was
+		 * specified and an already existing file's attributes do not
+		 * match *exactly*. As there is no mode or flag we can set that
+		 * would correspond to FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN, let's just try
+		 * again *without* the O_CREAT flag (that corresponds to the
+		 * CREATE_ALWAYS flag of CreateFile()).
+		 */
+		if (fd < 0 && errno == EACCES)
+			fd = _wopen(wfilename, oflags & ~O_CREAT, mode);
+		if (fd >= 0 && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
+			warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
+	}
 	return fd;
 }
 
-#undef write
-ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_ignore(DWORD type)
 {
-	/*
-	 * While write() calls to a file on a local disk are translated
-	 * into WriteFile() calls with a maximum size of 64KB on Windows
-	 * XP and 256KB on Vista, no such cap is placed on writes to
-	 * files over the network on Windows XP.  Unfortunately, there
-	 * seems to be a limit of 32MB-28KB on X64 and 64MB-32KB on x86;
-	 * bigger writes fail on Windows XP.
-	 * So we cap to a nice 31MB here to avoid write failures over
-	 * the net without changing the number of WriteFile() calls in
-	 * the local case.
-	 */
-	return write(fd, buf, min(count, 31 * 1024 * 1024));
+	return TRUE;
+}
+
+#undef fgetc
+int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream)
+{
+	int ch;
+	if (!isatty(_fileno(stream)))
+		return fgetc(stream);
+
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, TRUE);
+	while (1) {
+		ch = fgetc(stream);
+		if (ch != EOF || GetLastError() != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
+			break;
+
+		/* Ctrl+C was pressed, simulate SIGINT and retry */
+		mingw_raise(SIGINT);
+	}
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, FALSE);
+	return ch;
 }
 
 #undef fopen
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 {
+	int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
+	FILE *file;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
-	return fopen(filename, otype);
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
+		xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
+		error("could not unhide %s", filename);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	file = _wfopen(wfilename, wotype);
+	if (file && hide && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
+		warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
+	return file;
 }
 
-#undef freopen
 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
 {
+	int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
+	FILE *file;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
-	return freopen(filename, otype, stream);
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
+		xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
+		error("could not unhide %s", filename);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	file = _wfreopen(wfilename, wotype, stream);
+	if (file && hide && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
+		warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
+	return file;
+}
+
+#undef fflush
+int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream)
+{
+	int ret = fflush(stream);
+
+	/*
+	 * write() is used behind the scenes of stdio output functions.
+	 * Since git code does not check for errors after each stdio write
+	 * operation, it can happen that write() is called by a later
+	 * stdio function even if an earlier write() call failed. In the
+	 * case of a pipe whose readable end was closed, only the first
+	 * call to write() reports EPIPE on Windows. Subsequent write()
+	 * calls report EINVAL. It is impossible to notice whether this
+	 * fflush invocation triggered such a case, therefore, we have to
+	 * catch all EINVAL errors whole-sale.
+	 */
+	if (ret && errno == EINVAL)
+		errno = EPIPE;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#undef write
+ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	ssize_t result = write(fd, buf, len);
+
+	if (result < 0 && errno == EINVAL && buf) {
+		/* check if fd is a pipe */
+		HANDLE h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
+		if (GetFileType(h) == FILE_TYPE_PIPE)
+			errno = EPIPE;
+		else
+			errno = EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode)
+{
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	/* X_OK is not supported by the MSVCRT version */
+	return _waccess(wfilename, mode & ~X_OK);
+}
+
+int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname)
+{
+	wchar_t wdirname[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wdirname, dirname) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return _wchdir(wdirname);
+}
+
+int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode)
+{
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return _wchmod(wfilename, mode);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -351,6 +528,39 @@ static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
 	return (time_t)(filetime_to_hnsec(ft) / 10000000);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Verifies that safe_create_leading_directories() would succeed.
+ */
+static int has_valid_directory_prefix(wchar_t *wfilename)
+{
+	int n = wcslen(wfilename);
+
+	while (n > 0) {
+		wchar_t c = wfilename[--n];
+		DWORD attributes;
+
+		if (!is_dir_sep(c))
+			continue;
+
+		wfilename[n] = L'\0';
+		attributes = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
+		wfilename[n] = c;
+		if (attributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY ||
+				attributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE)
+			return 1;
+		if (attributes == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
+			switch (GetLastError()) {
+			case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
+				continue;
+			case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
+				/* This implies parent directory exists. */
+				return 1;
+			}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
  * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
  * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
@@ -360,10 +570,12 @@ static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
  */
 static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 {
-	int err;
 	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
-	if (!(err = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
+	if (GetFileAttributesExW(wfilename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fdata)) {
 		buf->st_ino = 0;
 		buf->st_gid = 0;
 		buf->st_uid = 0;
@@ -376,8 +588,8 @@ static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 		buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 		buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 		if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
-			WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
-			HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileA(file_name, &findbuf);
+			WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
+			HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileW(wfilename, &findbuf);
 			if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 				if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
 						(findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
@@ -396,7 +608,29 @@ static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
-	errno = err;
+	switch (GetLastError()) {
+	case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+	case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
+	case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:
+	case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
+		errno = EACCES;
+		break;
+	case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		break;
+	case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+		errno = ENOMEM;
+		break;
+	case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
+		if (!has_valid_directory_prefix(wfilename)) {
+			errno = ENOTDIR;
+			break;
+		}
+		/* fallthru */
+	default:
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		break;
+	}
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -409,7 +643,7 @@ static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	int namelen;
-	static char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
+	char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
 
 	if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
 		return 0;
@@ -442,7 +676,6 @@ int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 	return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 }
 
-#undef fstat
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
@@ -485,16 +718,20 @@ int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 {
 	FILETIME mft, aft;
 	int fh, rc;
+	DWORD attrs;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	/* must have write permission */
-	DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(file_name);
+	attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 	if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 	    (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 		/* ignore errors here; open() will report them */
-		SetFileAttributes(file_name, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
+		SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
 	}
 
-	if ((fh = open(file_name, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+	if ((fh = _wopen(wfilename, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 		rc = -1;
 		goto revert_attrs;
 	}
@@ -517,7 +754,7 @@ revert_attrs:
 	if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 	    (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 		/* ignore errors again */
-		SetFileAttributes(file_name, attrs);
+		SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs);
 	}
 	return rc;
 }
@@ -528,6 +765,18 @@ unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
+{
+	wchar_t wtemplate[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wtemplate, template) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!_wmktemp(wtemplate))
+		return NULL;
+	if (xwcstoutf(template, wtemplate, strlen(template) + 1) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	return template;
+}
+
 int mkstemp(char *template)
 {
 	char *filename = mktemp(template);
@@ -557,14 +806,14 @@ int pipe(int filedes[2])
 		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 		return -1;
 	}
-	filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[0], O_NOINHERIT);
+	filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle(HCAST(int, h[0]), O_NOINHERIT);
 	if (filedes[0] < 0) {
 		CloseHandle(h[0]);
 		CloseHandle(h[1]);
 		return -1;
 	}
-	filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[1], O_NOINHERIT);
-	if (filedes[0] < 0) {
+	filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle(HCAST(int, h[1]), O_NOINHERIT);
+	if (filedes[1] < 0) {
 		close(filedes[0]);
 		CloseHandle(h[1]);
 		return -1;
@@ -586,17 +835,15 @@ struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 	return result;
 }
 
-#undef getcwd
 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
 {
-	int i;
-	char *ret = getcwd(pointer, len);
-	if (!ret)
-		return ret;
-	for (i = 0; pointer[i]; i++)
-		if (pointer[i] == '\\')
-			pointer[i] = '/';
-	return ret;
+	wchar_t wpointer[MAX_PATH];
+	if (!_wgetcwd(wpointer, ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer)))
+		return NULL;
+	if (xwcstoutf(pointer, wpointer, len) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	convert_slashes(pointer);
+	return pointer;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -634,7 +881,7 @@ static const char *quote_arg(const char *arg)
 		return arg;
 
 	/* insert \ where necessary */
-	d = q = xmalloc(len+n+3);
+	d = q = xmalloc(st_add3(len, n, 3));
 	*d++ = '"';
 	while (*arg) {
 		if (*arg == '"')
@@ -717,7 +964,7 @@ static char **get_path_split(void)
 	if (!n)
 		return NULL;
 
-	path = xmalloc((n+1)*sizeof(char *));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(path, n + 1);
 	p = envpath;
 	i = 0;
 	do {
@@ -781,29 +1028,63 @@ static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, char **path, int exe_only)
 	return prog;
 }
 
-static int env_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
+static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old);
+
+/* used number of elements of environ array, including terminating NULL */
+static int environ_size = 0;
+/* allocated size of environ array, in bytes */
+static int environ_alloc = 0;
+
+/*
+ * Create environment block suitable for CreateProcess. Merges current
+ * process environment and the supplied environment changes.
+ */
+static wchar_t *make_environment_block(char **deltaenv)
 {
-	char *const *ea = a;
-	char *const *eb = b;
-	return strcasecmp(*ea, *eb);
+	wchar_t *wenvblk = NULL;
+	char **tmpenv;
+	int i = 0, size = environ_size, wenvsz = 0, wenvpos = 0;
+
+	while (deltaenv && deltaenv[i])
+		i++;
+
+	/* copy the environment, leaving space for changes */
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(tmpenv, size + i);
+	memcpy(tmpenv, environ, size * sizeof(char*));
+
+	/* merge supplied environment changes into the temporary environment */
+	for (i = 0; deltaenv && deltaenv[i]; i++)
+		size = do_putenv(tmpenv, deltaenv[i], size, 0);
+
+	/* create environment block from temporary environment */
+	for (i = 0; tmpenv[i]; i++) {
+		size = 2 * strlen(tmpenv[i]) + 2; /* +2 for final \0 */
+		ALLOC_GROW(wenvblk, (wenvpos + size) * sizeof(wchar_t), wenvsz);
+		wenvpos += xutftowcs(&wenvblk[wenvpos], tmpenv[i], size) + 1;
+	}
+	/* add final \0 terminator */
+	wenvblk[wenvpos] = 0;
+	free(tmpenv);
+	return wenvblk;
 }
 
 struct pinfo_t {
 	struct pinfo_t *next;
 	pid_t pid;
 	HANDLE proc;
-} pinfo_t;
-struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
+};
+static struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
 CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
 
-static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
 			      const char *dir,
 			      int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
 {
-	STARTUPINFO si;
+	STARTUPINFOW si;
 	PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
-	struct strbuf envblk, args;
-	unsigned flags;
+	struct strbuf args;
+	wchar_t wcmd[MAX_PATH], wdir[MAX_PATH], *wargs, *wenvblk = NULL;
+	unsigned flags = CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
 	BOOL ret;
 
 	/* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
@@ -820,7 +1101,7 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 		 * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
 		 * recognize that it has no console.
 		 */
-		flags = DETACHED_PROCESS;
+		flags |= DETACHED_PROCESS;
 	} else {
 		/* There is already a console. If we specified
 		 * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
@@ -828,15 +1109,19 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 		 * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
 		 * Go figure!
 		 */
-		flags = 0;
 		CloseHandle(cons);
 	}
 	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
 	si.cb = sizeof(si);
 	si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
-	si.hStdInput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhin);
-	si.hStdOutput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhout);
-	si.hStdError = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fherr);
+	si.hStdInput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhin);
+	si.hStdOutput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhout);
+	si.hStdError = winansi_get_osfhandle(fherr);
+
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (dir && xutftowcs_path(wdir, dir) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	/* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
 	strbuf_init(&args, 0);
@@ -855,33 +1140,18 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 			free(quoted);
 	}
 
-	if (env) {
-		int count = 0;
-		char **e, **sorted_env;
-
-		for (e = env; *e; e++)
-			count++;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(wargs, st_add(st_mult(2, args.len), 1));
+	xutftowcs(wargs, args.buf, 2 * args.len + 1);
+	strbuf_release(&args);
 
-		/* environment must be sorted */
-		sorted_env = xmalloc(sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
-		memcpy(sorted_env, env, sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
-		qsort(sorted_env, count, sizeof(*sorted_env), env_compare);
-
-		strbuf_init(&envblk, 0);
-		for (e = sorted_env; *e; e++) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&envblk, *e);
-			strbuf_addch(&envblk, '\0');
-		}
-		free(sorted_env);
-	}
+	wenvblk = make_environment_block(deltaenv);
 
 	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
-	ret = CreateProcess(cmd, args.buf, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
-		env ? envblk.buf : NULL, dir, &si, &pi);
+	ret = CreateProcessW(wcmd, wargs, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
+		wenvblk, dir ? wdir : NULL, &si, &pi);
 
-	if (env)
-		strbuf_release(&envblk);
-	strbuf_release(&args);
+	free(wenvblk);
+	free(wargs);
 
 	if (!ret) {
 		errno = ENOENT;
@@ -910,13 +1180,12 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 	return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
 }
 
-static pid_t mingw_spawnve(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
-			   int prepend_cmd)
+static pid_t mingw_spawnv(const char *cmd, const char **argv, int prepend_cmd)
 {
-	return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, env, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
+	return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, NULL, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
 }
 
-pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
 		     const char *dir,
 		     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
 {
@@ -940,14 +1209,14 @@ pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 				pid = -1;
 			}
 			else {
-				pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, env, dir, 1,
+				pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 1,
 						       fhin, fhout, fherr);
 				free(iprog);
 			}
 			argv[0] = argv0;
 		}
 		else
-			pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, env, dir, 0,
+			pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 0,
 					       fhin, fhout, fherr);
 		free(prog);
 	}
@@ -955,7 +1224,7 @@ pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 	return pid;
 }
 
-static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
+static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
 {
 	const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
 	char **path;
@@ -970,10 +1239,10 @@ static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
 		int argc = 0;
 		const char **argv2;
 		while (argv[argc]) argc++;
-		argv2 = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (argc+1));
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(argv2, argc + 1);
 		argv2[0] = (char *)cmd;	/* full path to the script file */
 		memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
-		pid = mingw_spawnve(prog, argv2, env, 1);
+		pid = mingw_spawnv(prog, argv2, 1);
 		if (pid >= 0) {
 			int status;
 			if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
@@ -988,38 +1257,35 @@ static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
 	return pid;
 }
 
-static void mingw_execve(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char *const *env)
+int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
 {
 	/* check if git_command is a shell script */
-	if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv, (char **)env)) {
+	if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv)) {
 		int pid, status;
 
-		pid = mingw_spawnve(cmd, (const char **)argv, (char **)env, 0);
+		pid = mingw_spawnv(cmd, (const char **)argv, 0);
 		if (pid < 0)
-			return;
+			return -1;
 		if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
 			status = 255;
 		exit(status);
 	}
+	return -1;
 }
 
-void mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
 {
 	char **path = get_path_split();
 	char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
 
 	if (prog) {
-		mingw_execve(prog, argv, environ);
+		mingw_execv(prog, argv);
 		free(prog);
 	} else
 		errno = ENOENT;
 
 	free_path_split(path);
-}
-
-void mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
-{
-	mingw_execve(cmd, argv, environ);
+	return -1;
 }
 
 int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
@@ -1035,114 +1301,100 @@ int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
 		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 		CloseHandle(h);
 		return -1;
+	} else if (pid > 0 && sig == 0) {
+		HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
+		if (h) {
+			CloseHandle(h);
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
 
 	errno = EINVAL;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static char **copy_environ(void)
+/*
+ * Compare environment entries by key (i.e. stopping at '=' or '\0').
+ */
+static int compareenv(const void *v1, const void *v2)
 {
-	char **env;
-	int i = 0;
-	while (environ[i])
-		i++;
-	env = xmalloc((i+1)*sizeof(*env));
-	for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++)
-		env[i] = xstrdup(environ[i]);
-	env[i] = NULL;
-	return env;
-}
+	const char *e1 = *(const char**)v1;
+	const char *e2 = *(const char**)v2;
 
-void free_environ(char **env)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
-		free(env[i]);
-	free(env);
+	for (;;) {
+		int c1 = *e1++;
+		int c2 = *e2++;
+		c1 = (c1 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c1);
+		c2 = (c2 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c2);
+		if (c1 > c2)
+			return 1;
+		if (c1 < c2)
+			return -1;
+		if (c1 == 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
 }
 
-static int lookup_env(char **env, const char *name, size_t nmln)
+static int bsearchenv(char **env, const char *name, size_t size)
 {
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++) {
-		if (0 == strncmp(env[i], name, nmln)
-		    && '=' == env[i][nmln])
-			/* matches */
-			return i;
+	unsigned low = 0, high = size;
+	while (low < high) {
+		unsigned mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
+		int cmp = compareenv(&env[mid], &name);
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			low = mid + 1;
+		else if (cmp > 0)
+			high = mid;
+		else
+			return mid;
 	}
-	return -1;
+	return ~low; /* not found, return 1's complement of insert position */
 }
 
 /*
  * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
+ * Size includes the terminating NULL. Env must have room for size + 1 entries
+ * (in case of insert). Returns the new size. Optionally frees removed entries.
  */
-static char **env_setenv(char **env, const char *name)
+static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old)
 {
-	char *eq = strchrnul(name, '=');
-	int i = lookup_env(env, name, eq-name);
+	int i = bsearchenv(env, name, size - 1);
 
-	if (i < 0) {
-		if (*eq) {
-			for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
-				;
-			env = xrealloc(env, (i+2)*sizeof(*env));
-			env[i] = xstrdup(name);
-			env[i+1] = NULL;
-		}
-	}
-	else {
+	/* optionally free removed / replaced entry */
+	if (i >= 0 && free_old)
 		free(env[i]);
-		if (*eq)
-			env[i] = xstrdup(name);
-		else
-			for (; env[i]; i++)
-				env[i] = env[i+1];
-	}
-	return env;
-}
 
-/*
- * Copies global environ and adjusts variables as specified by vars.
- */
-char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars)
-{
-	char **env = copy_environ();
-
-	while (*vars)
-		env = env_setenv(env, *vars++);
-	return env;
+	if (strchr(name, '=')) {
+		/* if new value ('key=value') is specified, insert or replace entry */
+		if (i < 0) {
+			i = ~i;
+			memmove(&env[i + 1], &env[i], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
+			size++;
+		}
+		env[i] = (char*) name;
+	} else if (i >= 0) {
+		/* otherwise ('key') remove existing entry */
+		size--;
+		memmove(&env[i], &env[i + 1], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
+	}
+	return size;
 }
 
-#undef getenv
-
-/*
- * The system's getenv looks up the name in a case-insensitive manner.
- * This version tries a case-sensitive lookup and falls back to
- * case-insensitive if nothing was found.  This is necessary because,
- * as a prominent example, CMD sets 'Path', but not 'PATH'.
- * Warning: not thread-safe.
- */
-static char *getenv_cs(const char *name)
+char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(name);
-	int i = lookup_env(environ, name, len);
-	if (i >= 0)
-		return environ[i] + len + 1;	/* skip past name and '=' */
-	return getenv(name);
+	char *value;
+	int pos = bsearchenv(environ, name, environ_size - 1);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	value = strchr(environ[pos], '=');
+	return value ? &value[1] : NULL;
 }
 
-char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
+int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue)
 {
-	char *result = getenv_cs(name);
-	if (!result && !strcmp(name, "TMPDIR")) {
-		/* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
-		result = getenv_cs("TMP");
-		if (!result)
-			result = getenv_cs("TEMP");
-	}
-	return result;
+	ALLOC_GROW(environ, (environ_size + 1) * sizeof(char*), environ_alloc);
+	environ_size = do_putenv(environ, namevalue, environ_size, 1);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1187,8 +1439,7 @@ static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
 	else
 		ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
 
-	sin = xmalloc(ai->ai_addrlen);
-	memset(sin, 0, ai->ai_addrlen);
+	sin = xcalloc(1, ai->ai_addrlen);
 	sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
 	/* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
 	 * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
@@ -1202,7 +1453,7 @@ static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
 	else
 		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
 	ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
-	ai->ai_next = 0;
+	ai->ai_next = NULL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1442,33 +1693,41 @@ int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
 {
 	DWORD attrs, gle;
 	int tries = 0;
+	wchar_t wpold[MAX_PATH], wpnew[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpold, pold) < 0 || xutftowcs_path(wpnew, pnew) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	/*
 	 * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
 	 * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
 	 */
-	if (!rename(pold, pnew))
+	if (!_wrename(wpold, wpnew))
 		return 0;
 	if (errno != EEXIST)
 		return -1;
 repeat:
-	if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+	if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
 		return 0;
 	/* TODO: translate more errors */
 	gle = GetLastError();
 	if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
-	    (attrs = GetFileAttributes(pnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+	    (attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wpnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
 		if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
-			errno = EISDIR;
+			DWORD attrsold = GetFileAttributesW(wpold);
+			if (attrsold == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES ||
+			    !(attrsold & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+				errno = EISDIR;
+			else if (!_wrmdir(wpnew))
+				goto repeat;
 			return -1;
 		}
 		if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
-		    SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
-			if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+		    SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
+			if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
 				return 0;
 			gle = GetLastError();
 			/* revert file attributes on failure */
-			SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs);
+			SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs);
 		}
 	}
 	if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
@@ -1522,7 +1781,7 @@ static HANDLE timer_event;
 static HANDLE timer_thread;
 static int timer_interval;
 static int one_shot;
-static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
+static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL, sigint_fn = SIG_DFL;
 
 /* The timer works like this:
  * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
@@ -1536,10 +1795,7 @@ static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
 static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
 {
 	while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
-		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL)
-			die("Alarm");
-		if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
-			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		mingw_raise(SIGALRM);
 		if (one_shot)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -1629,13 +1885,52 @@ int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
 #undef signal
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
 {
-	sig_handler_t old = timer_fn;
-	if (sig != SIGALRM)
+	sig_handler_t old;
+
+	switch (sig) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+		old = timer_fn;
+		timer_fn = handler;
+		break;
+
+	case SIGINT:
+		old = sigint_fn;
+		sigint_fn = handler;
+		break;
+
+	default:
 		return signal(sig, handler);
-	timer_fn = handler;
+	}
+
 	return old;
 }
 
+#undef raise
+int mingw_raise(int sig)
+{
+	switch (sig) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL) {
+			if (isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
+				fputs("Alarm clock\n", stderr);
+			exit(128 + SIGALRM);
+		} else if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		return 0;
+
+	case SIGINT:
+		if (sigint_fn == SIG_DFL)
+			exit(128 + SIGINT);
+		else if (sigint_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			sigint_fn(SIGINT);
+		return 0;
+
+	default:
+		return raise(sig);
+	}
+}
+
+
 static const char *make_backslash_path(const char *path)
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
@@ -1668,7 +1963,8 @@ void mingw_open_html(const char *unixpath)
 		die("cannot run browser");
 
 	printf("Launching default browser to display HTML ...\n");
-	r = (int)ShellExecute(NULL, "open", htmlpath, NULL, "\\", SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+	r = HCAST(int, ShellExecute(NULL, "open", htmlpath,
+				NULL, "\\", SW_SHOWNORMAL));
 	FreeLibrary(shell32);
 	/* see the MSDN documentation referring to the result codes here */
 	if (r <= 32) {
@@ -1678,11 +1974,16 @@ void mingw_open_html(const char *unixpath)
 
 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
 {
-	typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(const char*, const char*, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
+	typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
 	static T create_hard_link = NULL;
+	wchar_t woldpath[MAX_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
+		xutftowcs_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
 	if (!create_hard_link) {
 		create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
-			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkA");
+			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkW");
 		if (!create_hard_link)
 			create_hard_link = (T)-1;
 	}
@@ -1690,28 +1991,13 @@ int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
 		errno = ENOSYS;
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (!create_hard_link(newpath, oldpath, NULL)) {
+	if (!create_hard_link(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
 		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 		return -1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-char *getpass(const char *prompt)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	fputs(prompt, stderr);
-	for (;;) {
-		char c = _getch();
-		if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
-			break;
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, c);
-	}
-	fputs("\n", stderr);
-	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-}
-
 pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
 {
 	HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
@@ -1763,3 +2049,250 @@ pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
 	errno = EINVAL;
 	return -1;
 }
+
+int mingw_skip_dos_drive_prefix(char **path)
+{
+	int ret = has_dos_drive_prefix(*path);
+	*path += ret;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int mingw_offset_1st_component(const char *path)
+{
+	char *pos = (char *)path;
+
+	/* unc paths */
+	if (!skip_dos_drive_prefix(&pos) &&
+			is_dir_sep(pos[0]) && is_dir_sep(pos[1])) {
+		/* skip server name */
+		pos = strpbrk(pos + 2, "\\/");
+		if (!pos)
+			return 0; /* Error: malformed unc path */
+
+		do {
+			pos++;
+		} while (*pos && !is_dir_sep(*pos));
+	}
+
+	return pos + is_dir_sep(*pos) - path;
+}
+
+int xutftowcsn(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utfs, size_t wcslen, int utflen)
+{
+	int upos = 0, wpos = 0;
+	const unsigned char *utf = (const unsigned char*) utfs;
+	if (!utf || !wcs || wcslen < 1) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* reserve space for \0 */
+	wcslen--;
+	if (utflen < 0)
+		utflen = INT_MAX;
+
+	while (upos < utflen) {
+		int c = utf[upos++] & 0xff;
+		if (utflen == INT_MAX && c == 0)
+			break;
+
+		if (wpos >= wcslen) {
+			wcs[wpos] = 0;
+			errno = ERANGE;
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (c < 0x80) {
+			/* ASCII */
+			wcs[wpos++] = c;
+		} else if (c >= 0xc2 && c < 0xe0 && upos < utflen &&
+				(utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
+			/* 2-byte utf-8 */
+			c = ((c & 0x1f) << 6);
+			c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
+			wcs[wpos++] = c;
+		} else if (c >= 0xe0 && c < 0xf0 && upos + 1 < utflen &&
+				!(c == 0xe0 && utf[upos] < 0xa0) && /* over-long encoding */
+				(utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
+				(utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
+			/* 3-byte utf-8 */
+			c = ((c & 0x0f) << 12);
+			c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
+			c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
+			wcs[wpos++] = c;
+		} else if (c >= 0xf0 && c < 0xf5 && upos + 2 < utflen &&
+				wpos + 1 < wcslen &&
+				!(c == 0xf0 && utf[upos] < 0x90) && /* over-long encoding */
+				!(c == 0xf4 && utf[upos] >= 0x90) && /* > \u10ffff */
+				(utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
+				(utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
+				(utf[upos + 2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
+			/* 4-byte utf-8: convert to \ud8xx \udcxx surrogate pair */
+			c = ((c & 0x07) << 18);
+			c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 12);
+			c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
+			c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
+			c -= 0x10000;
+			wcs[wpos++] = 0xd800 | (c >> 10);
+			wcs[wpos++] = 0xdc00 | (c & 0x3ff);
+		} else if (c >= 0xa0) {
+			/* invalid utf-8 byte, printable unicode char: convert 1:1 */
+			wcs[wpos++] = c;
+		} else {
+			/* invalid utf-8 byte, non-printable unicode: convert to hex */
+			static const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";
+			wcs[wpos++] = hex[c >> 4];
+			if (wpos < wcslen)
+				wcs[wpos++] = hex[c & 0x0f];
+		}
+	}
+	wcs[wpos] = 0;
+	return wpos;
+}
+
+int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen)
+{
+	if (!wcs || !utf || utflen < 1) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	utflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wcs, -1, utf, utflen, NULL, NULL);
+	if (utflen)
+		return utflen - 1;
+	errno = ERANGE;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void setup_windows_environment(void)
+{
+	char *tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
+
+	/* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
+	if (!tmp) {
+		if (!(tmp = getenv("TMP")))
+			tmp = getenv("TEMP");
+		if (tmp) {
+			setenv("TMPDIR", tmp, 1);
+			tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (tmp) {
+		/*
+		 * Convert all dir separators to forward slashes,
+		 * to help shell commands called from the Git
+		 * executable (by not mistaking the dir separators
+		 * for escape characters).
+		 */
+		convert_slashes(tmp);
+	}
+
+	/* simulate TERM to enable auto-color (see color.c) */
+	if (!getenv("TERM"))
+		setenv("TERM", "cygwin", 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Disable MSVCRT command line wildcard expansion (__getmainargs called from
+ * mingw startup code, see init.c in mingw runtime).
+ */
+int _CRT_glob = 0;
+
+typedef struct {
+	int newmode;
+} _startupinfo;
+
+extern int __wgetmainargs(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv, wchar_t ***env, int glob,
+		_startupinfo *si);
+
+static NORETURN void die_startup(void)
+{
+	fputs("fatal: not enough memory for initialization", stderr);
+	exit(128);
+}
+
+static void *malloc_startup(size_t size)
+{
+	void *result = malloc(size);
+	if (!result)
+		die_startup();
+	return result;
+}
+
+static char *wcstoutfdup_startup(char *buffer, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t len)
+{
+	len = xwcstoutf(buffer, wcs, len) + 1;
+	return memcpy(malloc_startup(len), buffer, len);
+}
+
+void mingw_startup(void)
+{
+	int i, maxlen, argc;
+	char *buffer;
+	wchar_t **wenv, **wargv;
+	_startupinfo si;
+
+	/* get wide char arguments and environment */
+	si.newmode = 0;
+	if (__wgetmainargs(&argc, &wargv, &wenv, _CRT_glob, &si) < 0)
+		die_startup();
+
+	/* determine size of argv and environ conversion buffer */
+	maxlen = wcslen(_wpgmptr);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wargv[i]));
+	for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
+		maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wenv[i]));
+
+	/*
+	 * nedmalloc can't free CRT memory, allocate resizable environment
+	 * list. Note that xmalloc / xmemdupz etc. call getenv, so we cannot
+	 * use it while initializing the environment itself.
+	 */
+	environ_size = i + 1;
+	environ_alloc = alloc_nr(environ_size * sizeof(char*));
+	environ = malloc_startup(environ_alloc);
+
+	/* allocate buffer (wchar_t encodes to max 3 UTF-8 bytes) */
+	maxlen = 3 * maxlen + 1;
+	buffer = malloc_startup(maxlen);
+
+	/* convert command line arguments and environment to UTF-8 */
+	__argv[0] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, _wpgmptr, maxlen);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		__argv[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
+	for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
+		environ[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wenv[i], maxlen);
+	environ[i] = NULL;
+	free(buffer);
+
+	/* sort environment for O(log n) getenv / putenv */
+	qsort(environ, i, sizeof(char*), compareenv);
+
+	/* fix Windows specific environment settings */
+	setup_windows_environment();
+
+	/* initialize critical section for waitpid pinfo_t list */
+	InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+
+	/* set up default file mode and file modes for stdin/out/err */
+	_fmode = _O_BINARY;
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
+	_setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY);
+
+	/* initialize Unicode console */
+	winansi_init();
+}
+
+int uname(struct utsname *buf)
+{
+	unsigned v = (unsigned)GetVersion();
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+	xsnprintf(buf->sysname, sizeof(buf->sysname), "Windows");
+	xsnprintf(buf->release, sizeof(buf->release),
+		 "%u.%u", v & 0xff, (v >> 8) & 0xff);
+	/* assuming NT variants only.. */
+	xsnprintf(buf->version, sizeof(buf->version),
+		  "%u", (v >> 16) & 0x7fff);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
index 0ff1e04812..9a8803b876 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -1,37 +1,59 @@
+#ifdef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+typedef _sigset_t sigset_t;
+#endif
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 
+/* MinGW-w64 reports to have flockfile, but it does not actually have it. */
+#ifdef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
+#undef _POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
+#endif
+
 /*
  * things that are not available in header files
  */
 
-typedef int pid_t;
 typedef int uid_t;
 typedef int socklen_t;
+#ifndef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
+typedef int pid_t;
 #define hstrerror strerror
+#endif
 
 #define S_IFLNK    0120000 /* Symbolic link */
 #define S_ISLNK(x) (((x) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
 #define S_ISSOCK(x) 0
 
+#ifndef S_IRWXG
 #define S_IRGRP 0
 #define S_IWGRP 0
 #define S_IXGRP 0
 #define S_IRWXG (S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP)
+#endif
+#ifndef S_IRWXO
 #define S_IROTH 0
 #define S_IWOTH 0
 #define S_IXOTH 0
 #define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH)
-#define S_ISUID 0
-#define S_ISGID 0
-#define S_ISVTX 0
+#endif
+
+#define S_ISUID 0004000
+#define S_ISGID 0002000
+#define S_ISVTX 0001000
 
 #define WIFEXITED(x) 1
 #define WIFSIGNALED(x) 0
 #define WEXITSTATUS(x) ((x) & 0xff)
 #define WTERMSIG(x) SIGTERM
 
+#ifndef EWOULDBLOCK
 #define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN
+#endif
+#ifndef ELOOP
+#define ELOOP EMLINK
+#endif
 #define SHUT_WR SD_SEND
 
 #define SIGHUP 1
@@ -45,8 +67,12 @@ typedef int socklen_t;
 #define F_SETFD 2
 #define FD_CLOEXEC 0x1
 
+#ifndef EAFNOSUPPORT
 #define EAFNOSUPPORT WSAEAFNOSUPPORT
+#endif
+#ifndef ECONNABORTED
 #define ECONNABORTED WSAECONNABORTED
+#endif
 
 struct passwd {
 	char *pw_name;
@@ -54,14 +80,11 @@ struct passwd {
 	char *pw_dir;
 };
 
-extern char *getpass(const char *prompt);
-
 typedef void (__cdecl *sig_handler_t)(int);
 struct sigaction {
 	sig_handler_t sa_handler;
 	unsigned sa_flags;
 };
-#define sigemptyset(x) (void)0
 #define SA_RESTART 0
 
 struct itimerval {
@@ -69,6 +92,14 @@ struct itimerval {
 };
 #define ITIMER_REAL 0
 
+struct utsname {
+	char sysname[16];
+	char nodename[1];
+	char release[16];
+	char version[16];
+	char machine[1];
+};
+
 /*
  * sanitize preprocessor namespace polluted by Windows headers defining
  * macros which collide with git local versions
@@ -85,14 +116,14 @@ static inline int symlink(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
 { errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
 static inline int fchmod(int fildes, mode_t mode)
 { errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
+#ifndef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
 static inline pid_t fork(void)
 { errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
+#endif
 static inline unsigned int alarm(unsigned int seconds)
 { return 0; }
 static inline int fsync(int fd)
 { return _commit(fd); }
-static inline pid_t getppid(void)
-{ return 1; }
 static inline void sync(void)
 {}
 static inline uid_t getuid(void)
@@ -108,15 +139,25 @@ static inline int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, ...)
 }
 /* bash cannot reliably detect negative return codes as failure */
 #define exit(code) exit((code) & 0xff)
+#define sigemptyset(x) (void)0
+static inline int sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int signum)
+{ return 0; }
+#define SIG_BLOCK 0
+#define SIG_UNBLOCK 0
+static inline int sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oldset)
+{ return 0; }
+static inline pid_t getppid(void)
+{ return 1; }
+static inline pid_t getpgid(pid_t pid)
+{ return pid == 0 ? getpid() : pid; }
+static inline pid_t tcgetpgrp(int fd)
+{ return getpid(); }
 
 /*
  * simple adaptors
  */
 
-static inline int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
-{
-	return mkdir(path);
-}
+int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode);
 #define mkdir mingw_mkdir
 
 #define WNOHANG 1
@@ -154,13 +195,16 @@ int pipe(int filedes[2]);
 unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds);
 int mkstemp(char *template);
 int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz);
+#ifndef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
 struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
 struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
+#endif
 int getpagesize(void);	/* defined in MinGW's libgcc.a */
 struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid);
 int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out);
 int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out);
 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
+int uname(struct utsname *buf);
 
 /*
  * replacements of existing functions
@@ -175,8 +219,8 @@ int mingw_rmdir(const char *path);
 int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...);
 #define open mingw_open
 
-ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
-#define write mingw_write
+int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream);
+#define fgetc mingw_fgetc
 
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype);
 #define fopen mingw_fopen
@@ -184,11 +228,33 @@ FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype);
 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream);
 #define freopen mingw_freopen
 
+int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream);
+#define fflush mingw_fflush
+
+ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len);
+#define write mingw_write
+
+int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode);
+#undef access
+#define access mingw_access
+
+int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname);
+#define chdir mingw_chdir
+
+int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode);
+#define chmod mingw_chmod
+
+char *mingw_mktemp(char *template);
+#define mktemp mingw_mktemp
+
 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len);
 #define getcwd mingw_getcwd
 
 char *mingw_getenv(const char *name);
 #define getenv mingw_getenv
+int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue);
+#define putenv mingw_putenv
+#define unsetenv mingw_putenv
 
 int mingw_gethostname(char *host, int namelen);
 #define gethostname mingw_gethostname
@@ -253,19 +319,37 @@ static inline int getrlimit(int resource, struct rlimit *rlp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and
- * mingw_fstat() instead of fstat() on Windows.
+/*
+ * Use mingw specific stat()/lstat()/fstat() implementations on Windows.
  */
+#ifndef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
 #define off_t off64_t
 #define lseek _lseeki64
-#ifndef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
+#endif
+
+/* use struct stat with 64 bit st_size */
+#ifdef stat
+#undef stat
+#endif
 #define stat _stati64
 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
+#ifdef fstat
+#undef fstat
+#endif
 #define fstat mingw_fstat
+#ifdef lstat
+#undef lstat
+#endif
 #define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+
+#ifndef _stati64
+# define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+#elif defined (_USE_32BIT_TIME_T)
+# define _stat32i64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+#else
+# define _stat64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
 #endif
 
 int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
@@ -274,9 +358,9 @@ int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
 pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 		     const char *dir,
 		     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr);
-void mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
+int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
 #define execvp mingw_execvp
-void mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
+int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
 #define execv mingw_execv
 
 static inline unsigned int git_ntohl(unsigned int x)
@@ -286,22 +370,24 @@ static inline unsigned int git_ntohl(unsigned int x)
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler);
 #define signal mingw_signal
 
+int mingw_raise(int sig);
+#define raise mingw_raise
+
 /*
  * ANSI emulation wrappers
  */
 
-int winansi_fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream);
-int winansi_printf(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
-int winansi_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
-#define fputs winansi_fputs
-#define printf(...) winansi_printf(__VA_ARGS__)
-#define fprintf(...) winansi_fprintf(__VA_ARGS__)
+void winansi_init(void);
+HANDLE winansi_get_osfhandle(int fd);
 
 /*
  * git specific compatibility
  */
 
-#define has_dos_drive_prefix(path) (isalpha(*(path)) && (path)[1] == ':')
+#define has_dos_drive_prefix(path) \
+	(isalpha(*(path)) && (path)[1] == ':' ? 2 : 0)
+int mingw_skip_dos_drive_prefix(char **path);
+#define skip_dos_drive_prefix mingw_skip_dos_drive_prefix
 #define is_dir_sep(c) ((c) == '/' || (c) == '\\')
 static inline char *mingw_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
 {
@@ -311,37 +397,148 @@ static inline char *mingw_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
 			ret = (char *)path;
 	return ret;
 }
+static inline void convert_slashes(char *path)
+{
+	for (; *path; path++)
+		if (*path == '\\')
+			*path = '/';
+}
 #define find_last_dir_sep mingw_find_last_dir_sep
+int mingw_offset_1st_component(const char *path);
+#define offset_1st_component mingw_offset_1st_component
 #define PATH_SEP ';'
+#if !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER < 1800)
 #define PRIuMAX "I64u"
+#define PRId64 "I64d"
+#else
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
 
 void mingw_open_html(const char *path);
 #define open_html mingw_open_html
 
-/*
- * helpers
+/**
+ * Converts UTF-8 encoded string to UTF-16LE.
+ *
+ * To support repositories with legacy-encoded file names, invalid UTF-8 bytes
+ * 0xa0 - 0xff are converted to corresponding printable Unicode chars \u00a0 -
+ * \u00ff, and invalid UTF-8 bytes 0x80 - 0x9f (which would make non-printable
+ * Unicode) are converted to hex-code.
+ *
+ * Lead-bytes not followed by an appropriate number of trail-bytes, over-long
+ * encodings and 4-byte encodings > \u10ffff are detected as invalid UTF-8.
+ *
+ * Maximum space requirement for the target buffer is two wide chars per UTF-8
+ * char (((strlen(utf) * 2) + 1) [* sizeof(wchar_t)]).
+ *
+ * The maximum space is needed only if the entire input string consists of
+ * invalid UTF-8 bytes in range 0x80-0x9f, as per the following table:
+ *
+ *               |                   | UTF-8 | UTF-16 |
+ *   Code point  |  UTF-8 sequence   | bytes | words  | ratio
+ * --------------+-------------------+-------+--------+-------
+ * 000000-00007f | 0-7f              |   1   |   1    |  1
+ * 000080-0007ff | c2-df + 80-bf     |   2   |   1    |  0.5
+ * 000800-00ffff | e0-ef + 2 * 80-bf |   3   |   1    |  0.33
+ * 010000-10ffff | f0-f4 + 3 * 80-bf |   4   |  2 (a) |  0.5
+ * invalid       | 80-9f             |   1   |  2 (b) |  2
+ * invalid       | a0-ff             |   1   |   1    |  1
+ *
+ * (a) encoded as UTF-16 surrogate pair
+ * (b) encoded as two hex digits
+ *
+ * Note that, while the UTF-8 encoding scheme can be extended to 5-byte, 6-byte
+ * or even indefinite-byte sequences, the largest valid code point \u10ffff
+ * encodes as only 4 UTF-8 bytes.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ * wcs: wide char target buffer
+ * utf: string to convert
+ * wcslen: size of target buffer (in wchar_t's)
+ * utflen: size of string to convert, or -1 if 0-terminated
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ * length of converted string (_wcslen(wcs)), or -1 on failure
+ *
+ * Errors:
+ * EINVAL: one of the input parameters is invalid (e.g. NULL)
+ * ERANGE: the output buffer is too small
+ */
+int xutftowcsn(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utf, size_t wcslen, int utflen);
+
+/**
+ * Simplified variant of xutftowcsn, assumes input string is \0-terminated.
  */
+static inline int xutftowcs(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utf, size_t wcslen)
+{
+	return xutftowcsn(wcs, utf, wcslen, -1);
+}
 
-char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars);
-void free_environ(char **env);
+/**
+ * Simplified file system specific variant of xutftowcsn, assumes output
+ * buffer size is MAX_PATH wide chars and input string is \0-terminated,
+ * fails with ENAMETOOLONG if input string is too long.
+ */
+static inline int xutftowcs_path(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utf)
+{
+	int result = xutftowcsn(wcs, utf, MAX_PATH, -1);
+	if (result < 0 && errno == ERANGE)
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+	return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts UTF-16LE encoded string to UTF-8.
+ *
+ * Maximum space requirement for the target buffer is three UTF-8 chars per
+ * wide char ((_wcslen(wcs) * 3) + 1).
+ *
+ * The maximum space is needed only if the entire input string consists of
+ * UTF-16 words in range 0x0800-0xd7ff or 0xe000-0xffff (i.e. \u0800-\uffff
+ * modulo surrogate pairs), as per the following table:
+ *
+ *               |                       | UTF-16 | UTF-8 |
+ *   Code point  |  UTF-16 sequence      | words  | bytes | ratio
+ * --------------+-----------------------+--------+-------+-------
+ * 000000-00007f | 0000-007f             |   1    |   1   |  1
+ * 000080-0007ff | 0080-07ff             |   1    |   2   |  2
+ * 000800-00ffff | 0800-d7ff / e000-ffff |   1    |   3   |  3
+ * 010000-10ffff | d800-dbff + dc00-dfff |   2    |   4   |  2
+ *
+ * Note that invalid code points > 10ffff cannot be represented in UTF-16.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ * utf: target buffer
+ * wcs: wide string to convert
+ * utflen: size of target buffer
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ * length of converted string, or -1 on failure
+ *
+ * Errors:
+ * EINVAL: one of the input parameters is invalid (e.g. NULL)
+ * ERANGE: the output buffer is too small
+ */
+int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen);
+
+/*
+ * A critical section used in the implementation of the spawn
+ * functions (mingw_spawnv[p]e()) and waitpid(). Intialised in
+ * the replacement main() macro below.
+ */
+extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
 
 /*
- * A replacement of main() that ensures that argv[0] has a path
- * and that default fmode and std(in|out|err) are in binary mode
+ * A replacement of main() that adds win32 specific initialization.
  */
 
-#define main(c,v) dummy_decl_mingw_main(); \
-static int mingw_main(); \
-int main(int argc, const char **argv) \
+void mingw_startup(void);
+#define main(c,v) dummy_decl_mingw_main(void); \
+static int mingw_main(c,v); \
+int main(int argc, char **argv) \
 { \
-	extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs; \
-	_fmode = _O_BINARY; \
-	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY); \
-	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY); \
-	_setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY); \
-	argv[0] = xstrdup(_pgmptr); \
-	InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs); \
-	return mingw_main(argc, argv); \
+	mingw_startup(); \
+	return mingw_main(__argc, (void *)__argv); \
 } \
 static int mingw_main(c,v)
 
diff --git a/compat/mkdir.c b/compat/mkdir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e253fb72f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/mkdir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#undef mkdir
+
+/* for platforms that can't deal with a trailing '/' */
+int compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash(const char *dir, mode_t mode)
+{
+	int retval;
+	char *tmp_dir = NULL;
+	size_t len = strlen(dir);
+
+	if (len && dir[len-1] == '/') {
+		if ((tmp_dir = strdup(dir)) == NULL)
+			return -1;
+		tmp_dir[len-1] = '\0';
+	}
+	else
+		tmp_dir = (char *)dir;
+
+	retval = mkdir(tmp_dir, mode);
+	if (tmp_dir != dir)
+		free(tmp_dir);
+
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/compat/mmap.c b/compat/mmap.c
index c9d46d1742..7f662fef7b 100644
--- a/compat/mmap.c
+++ b/compat/mmap.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t of
 	}
 
 	while (n < length) {
-		ssize_t count = pread(fd, (char *)start + n, length - n, offset + n);
+		ssize_t count = xpread(fd, (char *)start + n, length - n, offset + n);
 
 		if (count == 0) {
 			memset((char *)start+n, 0, length-n);
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t of
 		}
 
 		if (count < 0) {
-			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR)
-				continue;
 			free(start);
 			errno = EACCES;
 			return MAP_FAILED;
diff --git a/compat/msvc.h b/compat/msvc.h
index aa4b56315a..580bb55bf4 100644
--- a/compat/msvc.h
+++ b/compat/msvc.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #define __attribute__(x)
 #define strncasecmp  _strnicmp
 #define ftruncate    _chsize
+#define strtoull     _strtoui64
+#define strtoll      _strtoi64
 
 static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
 {
@@ -22,21 +24,6 @@ static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
 
 #undef ERROR
 
-/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and mingw_fstat() instead
- * of fstat(). We add the declaration of these functions here, suppressing
- * the corresponding declarations in mingw.h, so that we can use the
- * appropriate structure type (and function) names from the msvc headers.
- */
-#define stat _stat64
-int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
-int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
-#define fstat mingw_fstat
-#define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stat64(x,y) mingw_lstat(x,y)
-#define ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
-
 #include "compat/mingw.h"
 
-#undef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
-
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
index 876365646e..07cbf50c0f 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ Chew for reporting this.
 
 v1.04alpha_svn915 7th October 2006:
  * Fixed failure to unlock thread cache list if allocating a new list failed.
-Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Futher thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
+Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Further thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
  * Fixed realloc(0, <size>) segfaulting. Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for
 reporting this.
- * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overriden by the build system.
+ * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overridden by the build system.
 Thanks to Aleksey Sanin for suggesting this.
  * Fixed deadlock in nedprealloc() due to unnecessary locking of preferred
 thread mspace when mspace_realloc() always uses the original block's mspace
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
index ff7c2c4fd8..b833ff9225 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
@@ -484,6 +484,10 @@ MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE   default: 4095 unless not HAVE_MMAP
 #define DLMALLOC_VERSION 20804
 #endif /* DLMALLOC_VERSION */
 
+#if defined(linux)
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+#endif
+
 #ifndef WIN32
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define WIN32 1
@@ -495,7 +499,9 @@ MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE   default: 4095 unless not HAVE_MMAP
 #endif  /* WIN32 */
 #ifdef WIN32
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
 #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x403
+#endif
 #include <windows.h>
 #define HAVE_MMAP 1
 #define HAVE_MORECORE 0
@@ -714,6 +720,9 @@ struct mallinfo {
   inlining are defined as macros, so these aren't used for them.
 */
 
+#ifdef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
+#undef FORCEINLINE
+#endif
 #ifndef FORCEINLINE
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
 #define FORCEINLINE __inline __attribute__ ((always_inline))
@@ -1376,6 +1385,7 @@ LONG __cdecl _InterlockedExchange(LONG volatile *Target, LONG Value);
 
   /*** Atomic operations ***/
   #if (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) > 40100
+    #undef _ReadWriteBarrier
     #define _ReadWriteBarrier() __sync_synchronize()
   #else
     static __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) long __sync_lock_test_and_set(volatile long * const Target, const long Value)
@@ -1792,9 +1802,10 @@ struct win32_mlock_t
   volatile long threadid;
 };
 
+static inline int return_0(int i) { return 0; }
 #define MLOCK_T               struct win32_mlock_t
 #define CURRENT_THREAD        win32_getcurrentthreadid()
-#define INITIAL_LOCK(sl)      (memset(sl, 0, sizeof(MLOCK_T)), 0)
+#define INITIAL_LOCK(sl)      (memset(sl, 0, sizeof(MLOCK_T)), return_0(0))
 #define ACQUIRE_LOCK(sl)      win32_acquire_lock(sl)
 #define RELEASE_LOCK(sl)      win32_release_lock(sl)
 #define TRY_LOCK(sl)          win32_try_lock(sl)
@@ -1802,7 +1813,7 @@ struct win32_mlock_t
 
 static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex = { 0, 0, 0};
 
-static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid() {
+static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid(void) {
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #if defined(_M_IX86)
   long *threadstruct=(long *)__readfsdword(0x18);
@@ -3598,8 +3609,8 @@ static void internal_malloc_stats(mstate m) {
      and choose its bk node as its replacement.
   2. If x was the last node of its size, but not a leaf node, it must
      be replaced with a leaf node (not merely one with an open left or
-     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendents
-     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendent
+     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendants
+     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendant
      of x.  We could use any other leaf, but this is easy to locate and
      tends to counteract removal of leftmosts elsewhere, and so keeps
      paths shorter than minimally guaranteed.  This doesn't loop much
@@ -4778,7 +4789,7 @@ void* dlmalloc(size_t bytes) {
 
 void dlfree(void* mem) {
   /*
-     Consolidate freed chunks with preceeding or succeeding bordering
+     Consolidate freed chunks with preceding or succeeding bordering
      free chunks, if they exist, and then place in a bin.  Intermixed
      with special cases for top, dv, mmapped chunks, and usage errors.
   */
@@ -5680,10 +5691,10 @@ History:
 	Wolfram Gloger (Gloger@lrz.uni-muenchen.de).
       * Use last_remainder in more cases.
       * Pack bins using idea from  colin@nyx10.cs.du.edu
-      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshhold
+      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshold
       * Eliminate block-local decls to simplify tracing and debugging.
       * Support another case of realloc via move into top
-      * Fix error occuring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
+      * Fix error occurring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
       * Rely on page size for units instead of SBRK_UNIT to
 	avoid surprises about sbrk alignment conventions.
       * Add mallinfo, mallopt. Thanks to Raymond Nijssen
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
index d9a17a8057..a0a16eb1bb 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ struct mallinfo nedmallinfo(void) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmallinfo(0); }
 #endif
 int    nedmallopt(int parno, int value) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpmallopt(0, parno, value); }
 int    nedmalloc_trim(size_t pad) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmalloc_trim(0, pad); }
-void   nedmalloc_stats() THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
-size_t nedmalloc_footprint() THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
+void   nedmalloc_stats(void) THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
+size_t nedmalloc_footprint(void) THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
 void **nedindependent_calloc(size_t elemsno, size_t elemsize, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_calloc(0, elemsno, elemsize, chunks); }
 void **nedindependent_comalloc(size_t elems, size_t *sizes, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_comalloc(0, elems, sizes, chunks); }
 
@@ -603,7 +603,10 @@ static NOINLINE mstate FindMSpace(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, int *lastUsed, si
 		}
 		/* We really want to make sure this goes into memory now but we
 		have to be careful of breaking aliasing rules, so write it twice */
-		*((volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end])=p->m[end]=temp;
+		{
+			volatile struct malloc_state **_m=(volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end];
+			*_m=(p->m[end]=temp);
+		}
 		ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->m[end]->mutex);
 		/*printf("Created mspace idx %d\n", end);*/
 		RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
@@ -954,8 +957,9 @@ char *strdup(const char *s1)
 {
 	char *s2 = 0;
 	if (s1) {
-		s2 = malloc(strlen(s1) + 1);
-		strcpy(s2, s1);
+		size_t len = strlen(s1) + 1;
+		s2 = malloc(len);
+		memcpy(s2, s1, len);
 	}
 	return s2;
 }
diff --git a/compat/obstack.h b/compat/obstack.h
index d178bd6716..ceb4bdbcdd 100644
--- a/compat/obstack.h
+++ b/compat/obstack.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #define __BPTR_ALIGN(B, P, A) ((B) + (((P) - (B) + (A)) & ~(A)))
 
-/* Similiar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
+/* Similar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
    where pointers can be converted to integers, aligned as integers,
    and converted back again.  If PTR_INT_TYPE is narrower than a
    pointer (e.g., the AS/400), play it safe and compute the alignment
diff --git a/compat/win32/poll.c b/compat/poll/poll.c
index 403eaa7a3c..b10adc780f 100644
--- a/compat/win32/poll.c
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.c
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 # pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
 #endif
 
-#include <malloc.h>
+#if defined(WIN32)
+# include <malloc.h>
+#endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@
 
 #if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
 # define WIN32_NATIVE
-# if defined (_MSC_VER)
+# if defined (_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
 #  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
 # endif
 # include <winsock2.h>
@@ -48,7 +50,9 @@
 #else
 # include <sys/time.h>
 # include <sys/socket.h>
-# include <sys/select.h>
+# ifndef NO_SYS_SELECT_H
+#  include <sys/select.h>
+# endif
 # include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@
 
 #ifdef WIN32_NATIVE
 
-#define IsConsoleHandle(h) (((long) (h) & 3) == 3)
+#define IsConsoleHandle(h) (((long) (intptr_t) (h) & 3) == 3)
 
 static BOOL
 IsSocketHandle (HANDLE h)
@@ -302,6 +306,10 @@ compute_revents (int fd, int sought, fd_set *rfds, fd_set *wfds, fd_set *efds)
 	       || socket_errno == ECONNABORTED || socket_errno == ENETRESET)
 	happened |= POLLHUP;
 
+      /* some systems can't use recv() on non-socket, including HP NonStop */
+      else if (/* (r == -1) && */ socket_errno == ENOTSOCK)
+	happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
       else
 	happened |= POLLERR;
     }
@@ -349,7 +357,7 @@ poll (struct pollfd *pfd, nfds_t nfd, int timeout)
 
   /* EFAULT is not necessary to implement, but let's do it in the
      simplest case. */
-  if (!pfd)
+  if (!pfd && nfd)
     {
       errno = EFAULT;
       return -1;
@@ -438,7 +446,7 @@ poll (struct pollfd *pfd, nfds_t nfd, int timeout)
   static HANDLE hEvent;
   WSANETWORKEVENTS ev;
   HANDLE h, handle_array[FD_SETSIZE + 2];
-  DWORD ret, wait_timeout, nhandles;
+  DWORD ret, wait_timeout, nhandles, start = 0, elapsed, orig_timeout = 0;
   fd_set rfds, wfds, xfds;
   BOOL poll_again;
   MSG msg;
@@ -451,6 +459,12 @@ poll (struct pollfd *pfd, nfds_t nfd, int timeout)
       return -1;
     }
 
+  if (timeout != INFTIM)
+    {
+      orig_timeout = timeout;
+      start = GetTickCount();
+    }
+
   if (!hEvent)
     hEvent = CreateEvent (NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
 
@@ -568,7 +582,7 @@ restart:
 	{
 	  /* It's a socket.  */
 	  WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
-	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, 0, 0);
+	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, NULL, 0);
 
 	  /* If we're lucky, WSAEnumNetworkEvents already provided a way
 	     to distinguish FD_READ and FD_ACCEPT; this saves a recv later.  */
@@ -595,9 +609,15 @@ restart:
 	rc++;
     }
 
-  if (!rc && timeout == INFTIM)
+  if (!rc && orig_timeout && timeout != INFTIM)
+    {
+      elapsed = GetTickCount() - start;
+      timeout = elapsed >= orig_timeout ? 0 : orig_timeout - elapsed;
+    }
+
+  if (!rc && timeout)
     {
-      SwitchToThread();
+      SleepEx (1, TRUE);
       goto restart;
     }
 
diff --git a/compat/win32/poll.h b/compat/poll/poll.h
index b7aa59d973..b7aa59d973 100644
--- a/compat/win32/poll.h
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.h
diff --git a/compat/precompose_utf8.c b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4293b53b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ * Converts filenames from decomposed unicode into precomposed unicode.
+ * Used on MacOS X.
+ */
+
+#define PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "precompose_utf8.h"
+
+typedef char *iconv_ibp;
+static const char *repo_encoding = "UTF-8";
+static const char *path_encoding = "UTF-8-MAC";
+
+static size_t has_non_ascii(const char *s, size_t maxlen, size_t *strlen_c)
+{
+	const uint8_t *ptr = (const uint8_t *)s;
+	size_t strlen_chars = 0;
+	size_t ret = 0;
+
+	if (!ptr || !*ptr)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (*ptr && maxlen) {
+		if (*ptr & 0x80)
+			ret++;
+		strlen_chars++;
+		ptr++;
+		maxlen--;
+	}
+	if (strlen_c)
+		*strlen_c = strlen_chars;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+void probe_utf8_pathname_composition(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static const char *auml_nfc = "\xc3\xa4";
+	static const char *auml_nfd = "\x61\xcc\x88";
+	int output_fd;
+	if (precomposed_unicode != -1)
+		return; /* We found it defined in the global config, respect it */
+	git_path_buf(&path, "%s", auml_nfc);
+	output_fd = open(path.buf, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR, 0600);
+	if (output_fd >= 0) {
+		close(output_fd);
+		git_path_buf(&path, "%s", auml_nfd);
+		precomposed_unicode = access(path.buf, R_OK) ? 0 : 1;
+		git_config_set("core.precomposeunicode",
+			       precomposed_unicode ? "true" : "false");
+		git_path_buf(&path, "%s", auml_nfc);
+		if (unlink(path.buf))
+			die_errno(_("failed to unlink '%s'"), path.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+}
+
+
+void precompose_argv(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	const char *oldarg;
+	char *newarg;
+	iconv_t ic_precompose;
+
+	if (precomposed_unicode != 1)
+		return;
+
+	ic_precompose = iconv_open(repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+	if (ic_precompose == (iconv_t) -1)
+		return;
+
+	while (i < argc) {
+		size_t namelen;
+		oldarg = argv[i];
+		if (has_non_ascii(oldarg, (size_t)-1, &namelen)) {
+			newarg = reencode_string_iconv(oldarg, namelen, ic_precompose, NULL);
+			if (newarg)
+				argv[i] = newarg;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	iconv_close(ic_precompose);
+}
+
+
+PREC_DIR *precompose_utf8_opendir(const char *dirname)
+{
+	PREC_DIR *prec_dir = xmalloc(sizeof(PREC_DIR));
+	prec_dir->dirent_nfc = xmalloc(sizeof(dirent_prec_psx));
+	prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len = sizeof(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name);
+
+	prec_dir->dirp = opendir(dirname);
+	if (!prec_dir->dirp) {
+		free(prec_dir->dirent_nfc);
+		free(prec_dir);
+		return NULL;
+	} else {
+		int ret_errno = errno;
+		prec_dir->ic_precompose = iconv_open(repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+		/* if iconv_open() fails, die() in readdir() if needed */
+		errno = ret_errno;
+	}
+
+	return prec_dir;
+}
+
+struct dirent_prec_psx *precompose_utf8_readdir(PREC_DIR *prec_dir)
+{
+	struct dirent *res;
+	res = readdir(prec_dir->dirp);
+	if (res) {
+		size_t namelenz = strlen(res->d_name) + 1; /* \0 */
+		size_t new_maxlen = namelenz;
+
+		int ret_errno = errno;
+
+		if (new_maxlen > prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len) {
+			size_t new_len = sizeof(dirent_prec_psx) + new_maxlen -
+				sizeof(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name);
+
+			prec_dir->dirent_nfc = xrealloc(prec_dir->dirent_nfc, new_len);
+			prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len = new_maxlen;
+		}
+
+		prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_ino  = res->d_ino;
+		prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_type = res->d_type;
+
+		if ((precomposed_unicode == 1) && has_non_ascii(res->d_name, (size_t)-1, NULL)) {
+			if (prec_dir->ic_precompose == (iconv_t)-1) {
+				die("iconv_open(%s,%s) failed, but needed:\n"
+						"    precomposed unicode is not supported.\n"
+						"    If you want to use decomposed unicode, run\n"
+						"    \"git config core.precomposeunicode false\"\n",
+						repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+			} else {
+				iconv_ibp	cp = (iconv_ibp)res->d_name;
+				size_t inleft = namelenz;
+				char *outpos = &prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name[0];
+				size_t outsz = prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len;
+				errno = 0;
+				iconv(prec_dir->ic_precompose, &cp, &inleft, &outpos, &outsz);
+				if (errno || inleft) {
+					/*
+					 * iconv() failed and errno could be E2BIG, EILSEQ, EINVAL, EBADF
+					 * MacOS X avoids illegal byte sequences.
+					 * If they occur on a mounted drive (e.g. NFS) it is not worth to
+					 * die() for that, but rather let the user see the original name
+					*/
+					namelenz = 0; /* trigger strlcpy */
+				}
+			}
+		} else
+			namelenz = 0;
+
+		if (!namelenz)
+			strlcpy(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name, res->d_name,
+							prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len);
+
+		errno = ret_errno;
+		return prec_dir->dirent_nfc;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int precompose_utf8_closedir(PREC_DIR *prec_dir)
+{
+	int ret_value;
+	int ret_errno;
+	ret_value = closedir(prec_dir->dirp);
+	ret_errno = errno;
+	if (prec_dir->ic_precompose != (iconv_t)-1)
+		iconv_close(prec_dir->ic_precompose);
+	free(prec_dir->dirent_nfc);
+	free(prec_dir);
+	errno = ret_errno;
+	return ret_value;
+}
diff --git a/compat/precompose_utf8.h b/compat/precompose_utf8.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a94e7c4342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/precompose_utf8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <iconv.h>
+
+
+typedef struct dirent_prec_psx {
+	ino_t d_ino;            /* Posix */
+	size_t max_name_len;    /* See below */
+	unsigned char d_type;   /* available on all systems git runs on */
+
+	/*
+	 * See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/dirent.h.html
+	 * NAME_MAX + 1 should be enough, but some systems have
+	 * NAME_MAX=255 and strlen(d_name) may return 508 or 510
+	 * Solution: allocate more when needed, see precompose_utf8_readdir()
+	 */
+	char   d_name[NAME_MAX+1];
+} dirent_prec_psx;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+	iconv_t ic_precompose;
+	DIR *dirp;
+	struct dirent_prec_psx *dirent_nfc;
+} PREC_DIR;
+
+void precompose_argv(int argc, const char **argv);
+void probe_utf8_pathname_composition(void);
+
+PREC_DIR *precompose_utf8_opendir(const char *dirname);
+struct dirent_prec_psx *precompose_utf8_readdir(PREC_DIR *dirp);
+int precompose_utf8_closedir(PREC_DIR *dirp);
+
+#ifndef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C
+#define dirent dirent_prec_psx
+#define opendir(n) precompose_utf8_opendir(n)
+#define readdir(d) precompose_utf8_readdir(d)
+#define closedir(d) precompose_utf8_closedir(d)
+#define DIR PREC_DIR
+#endif /* PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C */
+
+#define  PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H
+#endif /* PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H */
diff --git a/compat/qsort.c b/compat/qsort.c
index 9574d537bd..7d071afb70 100644
--- a/compat/qsort.c
+++ b/compat/qsort.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static void msort_with_tmp(void *b, size_t n, size_t s,
 void git_qsort(void *b, size_t n, size_t s,
 	       int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *))
 {
-	const size_t size = n * s;
+	const size_t size = st_mult(n, s);
 	char buf[1024];
 
 	if (size < sizeof(buf)) {
diff --git a/compat/regex/regcomp.c b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
index 8c96ed942c..d8bde06f1a 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regcomp.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ re_compile_fastmap_iter (regex_t *bufp, const re_dfastate_t *init_state,
 	      p = buf;
 	      *p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
 	      while (++node < dfa->nodes_len
-		     &&	dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
+		     && dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
 		     && dfa->nodes[node].mb_partial)
 		*p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
 	      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (state));
@@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@ peek_token_bracket (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
 
 /* Entry point of the parser.
    Parse the regular expression REGEXP and return the structure tree.
-   If an error is occured, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
+   If an error has occurred, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
    This function build the following tree, from regular expression <reg_exp>:
 	   CAT
 	   / \
@@ -2577,7 +2577,7 @@ parse_dup_op (bin_tree_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa,
     old_tree = NULL;
 
   if (elem->token.type == SUBEXP)
-    postorder (elem, mark_opt_subexp, (void *) (long) elem->token.opr.idx);
+    postorder (elem, mark_opt_subexp, (void *) (intptr_t) elem->token.opr.idx);
 
   tree = create_tree (dfa, elem, NULL, (end == -1 ? OP_DUP_ASTERISK : OP_ALT));
   if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
@@ -2617,7 +2617,7 @@ parse_dup_op (bin_tree_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa,
      Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
      at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
-     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument sinse we may
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
      update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
@@ -2788,7 +2788,7 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
   const int32_t *symb_table;
   const unsigned char *extra;
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Seek the collating symbol entry correspondings to NAME.
      Return the index of the symbol in the SYMB_TABLE.  */
 
@@ -2892,11 +2892,11 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
       return UINT_MAX;
     }
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
      at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
-     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument sinse we may
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
      update it.  */
 
   auto inline reg_errcode_t
@@ -2976,11 +2976,11 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
       return REG_NOERROR;
     }
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Build the collating element which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      COLL_SYM_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->coll_sym, is a
-     pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
   auto inline reg_errcode_t
   __attribute ((always_inline))
@@ -3419,7 +3419,7 @@ parse_bracket_symbol (bracket_elem_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp,
      Build the equivalence class which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      EQUIV_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->equiv_classes,
-     is a pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
 #ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
@@ -3515,7 +3515,7 @@ build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset, const unsigned char *name)
      Build the character class which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      CHAR_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->char_classes,
-     is a pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
 #ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
@@ -3715,7 +3715,7 @@ build_charclass_op (re_dfa_t *dfa, RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
 /* This is intended for the expressions like "a{1,3}".
    Fetch a number from `input', and return the number.
    Return -1, if the number field is empty like "{,1}".
-   Return -2, If an error is occured.  */
+   Return -2, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax)
@@ -3806,7 +3806,7 @@ create_token_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa, bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
 static reg_errcode_t
 mark_opt_subexp (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
 {
-  int idx = (int) (long) extra;
+  int idx = (int) (intptr_t) extra;
   if (node->token.type == SUBEXP && node->token.opr.idx == idx)
     node->token.opt_subexp = 1;
 
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex.c b/compat/regex/regex.c
index 3dd8dfa01f..5cb23e5d59 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-/* Make sure noone compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
+/* Make sure no one compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 # error "This is C code, use a C compiler"
 #endif
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
    GNU regex allows.  Include it before <regex.h>, which correctly
    #undefs RE_DUP_MAX and sets it to the right value.  */
 #include <limits.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 #ifdef GAWK
 #undef alloca
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
index 193854cf5b..d4121f2f4f 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ re_node_set_merge (re_node_set *dest, const re_node_set *src)
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have ELEM.
-   return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ re_node_set_insert (re_node_set *set, int elem)
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have any element greater than or equal to ELEM.
-   Return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   Return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ re_node_set_remove_at (re_node_set *set, int idx)
 
 
 /* Add the token TOKEN to dfa->nodes, and return the index of the token.
-   Or return -1, if an error will be occured.  */
+   Or return -1, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
diff --git a/compat/regex/regexec.c b/compat/regex/regexec.c
index 0194965c5d..eb5e1d4439 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regexec.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regexec.c
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ re_search_stub (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
 
   rval = 0;
 
-  /* I hope we needn't fill ther regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
+  /* I hope we needn't fill their regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
   if (result != REG_NOERROR)
     rval = -1;
   else if (regs != NULL)
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ acquire_init_state_context (reg_errcode_t *err, const re_match_context_t *mctx,
    FL_LONGEST_MATCH means we want the POSIX longest matching.
    If P_MATCH_FIRST is not NULL, and the match fails, it is set to the
    next place where we may want to try matching.
-   Note that the matcher assume that the maching starts from the current
+   Note that the matcher assume that the matching starts from the current
    index of the buffer.  */
 
 static int
@@ -2239,7 +2239,7 @@ sift_states_iter_mb (const re_match_context_t *mctx, re_sift_context_t *sctx,
 			    dfa->nexts[node_idx]))
     /* The node can't accept the `multi byte', or the
        destination was already thrown away, then the node
-       could't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
+       couldn't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
     naccepted = 0;
   /* Otherwise, it is sure that the node could accept
      `naccepted' bytes input.  */
@@ -2313,7 +2313,7 @@ transit_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 }
 
 /* Update the state_log if we need */
-re_dfastate_t *
+static re_dfastate_t *
 internal_function
 merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 		      re_dfastate_t *next_state)
@@ -2326,7 +2326,7 @@ merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
       mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
       mctx->state_log_top = cur_idx;
     }
-  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == 0)
+  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == NULL)
     {
       mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
     }
@@ -2392,7 +2392,7 @@ merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 /* Skip bytes in the input that correspond to part of a
    multi-byte match, then look in the log for a state
    from which to restart matching.  */
-re_dfastate_t *
+static re_dfastate_t *
 internal_function
 find_recover_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx)
 {
diff --git a/compat/setenv.c b/compat/setenv.c
index fc1439a643..7849f258d2 100644
--- a/compat/setenv.c
+++ b/compat/setenv.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ int gitsetenv(const char *name, const char *value, int replace)
 
 	namelen = strlen(name);
 	valuelen = strlen(value);
-	envstr = malloc((namelen + valuelen + 2));
+	envstr = malloc(st_add3(namelen, valuelen, 2));
 	if (!envstr) {
 		errno = ENOMEM;
 		return -1;
diff --git a/compat/sha1-chunked.c b/compat/sha1-chunked.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6adfcfd540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/sha1-chunked.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int git_SHA1_Update_Chunked(platform_SHA_CTX *c, const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t nr;
+	size_t total = 0;
+	const char *cdata = (const char*)data;
+
+	while (len) {
+		nr = len;
+		if (nr > SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE)
+			nr = SHA1_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE;
+		platform_SHA1_Update(c, cdata, nr);
+		total += nr;
+		cdata += nr;
+		len -= nr;
+	}
+	return total;
+}
diff --git a/compat/sha1-chunked.h b/compat/sha1-chunked.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b2df28eec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/sha1-chunked.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+int git_SHA1_Update_Chunked(platform_SHA_CTX *c, const void *data, size_t len);
diff --git a/compat/snprintf.c b/compat/snprintf.c
index 42ea1ac110..0b11688537 100644
--- a/compat/snprintf.c
+++ b/compat/snprintf.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * always have room for a trailing NUL byte.
  */
 #ifndef SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR
-#if defined(WIN32) && (!defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 4)
+#if defined(WIN32) && (!defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 4) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER < 1900)
 #define SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR 1
 #else
 #define SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR 0
diff --git a/compat/stat.c b/compat/stat.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2d3931cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/stat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200112L
+#include <sys/stat.h>  /* *stat, S_IS* */
+#include <sys/types.h> /* mode_t       */
+
+static inline mode_t mode_native_to_git(mode_t native_mode)
+{
+	mode_t perm_bits = native_mode & 07777;
+	if (S_ISREG(native_mode))
+		return 0100000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISDIR(native_mode))
+		return 0040000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISLNK(native_mode))
+		return 0120000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISBLK(native_mode))
+		return 0060000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISCHR(native_mode))
+		return 0020000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISFIFO(native_mode))
+		return 0010000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISSOCK(native_mode))
+		return 0140000 | perm_bits;
+	/* Non-standard type bits were given. */
+	return perm_bits;
+}
+
+int git_stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	int rc = stat(path, buf);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		buf->st_mode = mode_native_to_git(buf->st_mode);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+int git_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	int rc = fstat(fd, buf);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		buf->st_mode = mode_native_to_git(buf->st_mode);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+int git_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	int rc = lstat(path, buf);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		buf->st_mode = mode_native_to_git(buf->st_mode);
+	return rc;
+}
diff --git a/compat/strtok_r.c b/compat/strtok_r.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b5d568a96..0000000000
--- a/compat/strtok_r.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/* Reentrant string tokenizer.  Generic version.
-   Copyright (C) 1991,1996-1999,2001,2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
-   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
-   02111-1307 USA.  */
-
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-
-/* Parse S into tokens separated by characters in DELIM.
-   If S is NULL, the saved pointer in SAVE_PTR is used as
-   the next starting point.  For example:
-	char s[] = "-abc-=-def";
-	char *sp;
-	x = strtok_r(s, "-", &sp);	// x = "abc", sp = "=-def"
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "-=", &sp);	// x = "def", sp = NULL
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "=", &sp);	// x = NULL
-		// s = "abc\0-def\0"
-*/
-char *
-gitstrtok_r (char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr)
-{
-  char *token;
-
-  if (s == NULL)
-    s = *save_ptr;
-
-  /* Scan leading delimiters.  */
-  s += strspn (s, delim);
-  if (*s == '\0')
-    {
-      *save_ptr = s;
-      return NULL;
-    }
-
-  /* Find the end of the token.  */
-  token = s;
-  s = strpbrk (token, delim);
-  if (s == NULL)
-    /* This token finishes the string.  */
-    *save_ptr = token + strlen (token);
-  else
-    {
-      /* Terminate the token and make *SAVE_PTR point past it.  */
-      *s = '\0';
-      *save_ptr = s + 1;
-    }
-  return token;
-}
diff --git a/compat/terminal.c b/compat/terminal.c
index 6d16c8fba0..fa13ee672d 100644
--- a/compat/terminal.c
+++ b/compat/terminal.c
@@ -3,8 +3,22 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
+#if defined(HAVE_DEV_TTY) || defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
+
+static void restore_term(void);
+
+static void restore_term_on_signal(int sig)
+{
+	restore_term();
+	sigchain_pop(sig);
+	raise(sig);
+}
+
 #ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
 
+#define INPUT_PATH "/dev/tty"
+#define OUTPUT_PATH "/dev/tty"
+
 static int term_fd = -1;
 static struct termios old_term;
 
@@ -14,57 +28,109 @@ static void restore_term(void)
 		return;
 
 	tcsetattr(term_fd, TCSAFLUSH, &old_term);
+	close(term_fd);
 	term_fd = -1;
 }
 
-static void restore_term_on_signal(int sig)
+static int disable_echo(void)
 {
-	restore_term();
-	sigchain_pop(sig);
-	raise(sig);
+	struct termios t;
+
+	term_fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR);
+	if (tcgetattr(term_fd, &t) < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	old_term = t;
+	sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
+
+	t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
+	if (!tcsetattr(term_fd, TCSAFLUSH, &t))
+		return 0;
+
+error:
+	close(term_fd);
+	term_fd = -1;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+#elif defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
+
+#define INPUT_PATH "CONIN$"
+#define OUTPUT_PATH "CONOUT$"
+#define FORCE_TEXT "t"
+
+static HANDLE hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+static DWORD cmode;
+
+static void restore_term(void)
+{
+	if (hconin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return;
+
+	SetConsoleMode(hconin, cmode);
+	CloseHandle(hconin);
+	hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 }
 
+static int disable_echo(void)
+{
+	hconin = CreateFile("CONIN$", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+	    FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+	    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+	if (hconin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return -1;
+
+	GetConsoleMode(hconin, &cmode);
+	sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
+	if (!SetConsoleMode(hconin, cmode & (~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT))) {
+		CloseHandle(hconin);
+		hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FORCE_TEXT
+#define FORCE_TEXT
+#endif
+
 char *git_terminal_prompt(const char *prompt, int echo)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int r;
-	FILE *fh;
+	FILE *input_fh, *output_fh;
 
-	fh = fopen("/dev/tty", "w+");
-	if (!fh)
+	input_fh = fopen(INPUT_PATH, "r" FORCE_TEXT);
+	if (!input_fh)
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!echo) {
-		struct termios t;
-
-		if (tcgetattr(fileno(fh), &t) < 0) {
-			fclose(fh);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		old_term = t;
-		term_fd = fileno(fh);
-		sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
-
-		t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
-		if (tcsetattr(fileno(fh), TCSAFLUSH, &t) < 0) {
-			term_fd = -1;
-			fclose(fh);
-			return NULL;
-		}
+	output_fh = fopen(OUTPUT_PATH, "w" FORCE_TEXT);
+	if (!output_fh) {
+		fclose(input_fh);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!echo && disable_echo()) {
+		fclose(input_fh);
+		fclose(output_fh);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	fputs(prompt, fh);
-	fflush(fh);
+	fputs(prompt, output_fh);
+	fflush(output_fh);
 
-	r = strbuf_getline(&buf, fh, '\n');
+	r = strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, input_fh);
 	if (!echo) {
-		putc('\n', fh);
-		fflush(fh);
+		putc('\n', output_fh);
+		fflush(output_fh);
 	}
 
 	restore_term();
-	fclose(fh);
+	fclose(input_fh);
+	fclose(output_fh);
 
 	if (r == EOF)
 		return NULL;
diff --git a/compat/unsetenv.c b/compat/unsetenv.c
index eb29f5e084..bf5fd7063b 100644
--- a/compat/unsetenv.c
+++ b/compat/unsetenv.c
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 void gitunsetenv (const char *name)
 {
+#if !defined(__MINGW32__)
      extern char **environ;
+#endif
      int src, dst;
      size_t nmln;
 
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d8552a2c6..0000000000
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
index b14fcf94da..3a959d124c 100644
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
@@ -45,10 +45,17 @@ typedef unsigned long long uintmax_t;
 
 typedef int64_t off64_t;
 
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER < 1600
 #define INTMAX_MIN  _I64_MIN
 #define INTMAX_MAX  _I64_MAX
 #define UINTMAX_MAX _UI64_MAX
 
+#define UINT32_MAX 0xffffffff  /* 4294967295U */
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+#define STDIN_FILENO  0
 #define STDOUT_FILENO 1
 #define STDERR_FILENO 2
 
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
index 4374771df2..a87d0da512 100644..100755
--- a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ while (@ARGV) {
 		push(@args, "libeay32.lib");
 	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lssl") {
 		push(@args, "ssleay32.lib");
+	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lcurl") {
+		push(@args, "libcurl.lib");
 	} elsif ("$arg" =~ /^-L/ && "$arg" ne "-LTCG") {
 		$arg =~ s/^-L/-LIBPATH:/;
 		push(@args, $arg);
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
index d8054e469f..d8054e469f 100644..100755
--- a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
diff --git a/compat/win32.h b/compat/win32.h
index 8ce91048de..a97e880757 100644
--- a/compat/win32.h
+++ b/compat/win32.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define WIN32_H
 
 /* common Win32 functions for MinGW and Cygwin */
-#ifndef WIN32         /* Not defined by Cygwin */
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE	/* Not defined for Cygwin */
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/alloca.h b/compat/win32/alloca.h
index c0d7985b7e..c0d7985b7e 100644
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/alloca.h
+++ b/compat/win32/alloca.h
diff --git a/compat/win32/dirent.c b/compat/win32/dirent.c
index 7a0debe51b..52420ec7d4 100644
--- a/compat/win32/dirent.c
+++ b/compat/win32/dirent.c
@@ -1,96 +1,81 @@
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-#include "dirent.h"
+#include "../../git-compat-util.h"
 
 struct DIR {
 	struct dirent dd_dir; /* includes d_type */
 	HANDLE dd_handle;     /* FindFirstFile handle */
 	int dd_stat;          /* 0-based index */
-	char dd_name[1];      /* extend struct */
 };
 
+static inline void finddata2dirent(struct dirent *ent, WIN32_FIND_DATAW *fdata)
+{
+	/* convert UTF-16 name to UTF-8 */
+	xwcstoutf(ent->d_name, fdata->cFileName, sizeof(ent->d_name));
+
+	/* Set file type, based on WIN32_FIND_DATA */
+	if (fdata->dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+		ent->d_type = DT_DIR;
+	else
+		ent->d_type = DT_REG;
+}
+
 DIR *opendir(const char *name)
 {
-	DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesA(name);
+	wchar_t pattern[MAX_PATH + 2]; /* + 2 for '/' '*' */
+	WIN32_FIND_DATAW fdata;
+	HANDLE h;
 	int len;
-	DIR *p;
+	DIR *dir;
 
-	/* check for valid path */
-	if (attrs == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
-		errno = ENOENT;
+	/* convert name to UTF-16 and check length < MAX_PATH */
+	if ((len = xutftowcs_path(pattern, name)) < 0)
 		return NULL;
-	}
 
-	/* check if it's a directory */
-	if (!(attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
-		errno = ENOTDIR;
+	/* append optional '/' and wildcard '*' */
+	if (len && !is_dir_sep(pattern[len - 1]))
+		pattern[len++] = '/';
+	pattern[len++] = '*';
+	pattern[len] = 0;
+
+	/* open find handle */
+	h = FindFirstFileW(pattern, &fdata);
+	if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+		DWORD err = GetLastError();
+		errno = (err == ERROR_DIRECTORY) ? ENOTDIR : err_win_to_posix(err);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	/* check that the pattern won't be too long for FindFirstFileA */
-	len = strlen(name);
-	if (is_dir_sep(name[len - 1]))
-		len--;
-	if (len + 2 >= MAX_PATH) {
-		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	p = malloc(sizeof(DIR) + len + 2);
-	if (!p)
-		return NULL;
-
-	memset(p, 0, sizeof(DIR) + len + 2);
-	strcpy(p->dd_name, name);
-	p->dd_name[len] = '/';
-	p->dd_name[len+1] = '*';
-
-	p->dd_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-	return p;
+	/* initialize DIR structure and copy first dir entry */
+	dir = xmalloc(sizeof(DIR));
+	dir->dd_handle = h;
+	dir->dd_stat = 0;
+	finddata2dirent(&dir->dd_dir, &fdata);
+	return dir;
 }
 
 struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir)
 {
-	WIN32_FIND_DATAA buf;
-	HANDLE handle;
-
-	if (!dir || !dir->dd_handle) {
+	if (!dir) {
 		errno = EBADF; /* No set_errno for mingw */
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	if (dir->dd_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && dir->dd_stat == 0) {
-		DWORD lasterr;
-		handle = FindFirstFileA(dir->dd_name, &buf);
-		lasterr = GetLastError();
-		dir->dd_handle = handle;
-		if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)) {
-			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
+	/* if first entry, dirent has already been set up by opendir */
+	if (dir->dd_stat) {
+		/* get next entry and convert from WIN32_FIND_DATA to dirent */
+		WIN32_FIND_DATAW fdata;
+		if (FindNextFileW(dir->dd_handle, &fdata)) {
+			finddata2dirent(&dir->dd_dir, &fdata);
+		} else {
+			DWORD lasterr = GetLastError();
+			/* POSIX says you shouldn't set errno when readdir can't
+			   find any more files; so, if another error we leave it set. */
+			if (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
+				errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
 			return NULL;
 		}
-	} else if (dir->dd_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-		return NULL;
-	} else if (!FindNextFileA(dir->dd_handle, &buf)) {
-		DWORD lasterr = GetLastError();
-		FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
-		dir->dd_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-		/* POSIX says you shouldn't set errno when readdir can't
-		   find any more files; so, if another error we leave it set. */
-		if (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
-			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
-		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	/* We get here if `buf' contains valid data.  */
-	strcpy(dir->dd_dir.d_name, buf.cFileName);
 	++dir->dd_stat;
-
-	/* Set file type, based on WIN32_FIND_DATA */
-	dir->dd_dir.d_type = 0;
-	if (buf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
-		dir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_DIR;
-	else
-		dir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_REG;
-
 	return &dir->dd_dir;
 }
 
@@ -101,8 +86,7 @@ int closedir(DIR *dir)
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (dir->dd_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-		FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
+	FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
 	free(dir);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/compat/win32/dirent.h b/compat/win32/dirent.h
index 927a25ca76..058207e4bf 100644
--- a/compat/win32/dirent.h
+++ b/compat/win32/dirent.h
@@ -9,12 +9,8 @@ typedef struct DIR DIR;
 #define DT_LNK     3
 
 struct dirent {
-	long d_ino;                      /* Always zero. */
-	char d_name[FILENAME_MAX];       /* File name. */
-	union {
-		unsigned short d_reclen; /* Always zero. */
-		unsigned char  d_type;   /* Reimplementation adds this */
-	};
+	unsigned char d_type;      /* file type to prevent lstat after readdir */
+	char d_name[MAX_PATH * 3]; /* file name (* 3 for UTF-8 conversion) */
 };
 
 DIR *opendir(const char *dirname);
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.c b/compat/win32/pthread.c
index 010e875ec4..e18f5c6e2e 100644
--- a/compat/win32/pthread.c
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int win32_pthread_join(pthread_t *thread, void **value_ptr)
 
 pthread_t pthread_self(void)
 {
-	pthread_t t = { 0 };
+	pthread_t t = { NULL };
 	t.tid = GetCurrentThreadId();
 	return t;
 }
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.h b/compat/win32/pthread.h
index 2e20548557..1c164088fb 100644
--- a/compat/win32/pthread.h
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.h
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@
  */
 #define pthread_mutex_t CRITICAL_SECTION
 
-#define pthread_mutex_init(a,b) (InitializeCriticalSection((a)), 0)
+static inline int return_0(int i) {
+	return 0;
+}
+#define pthread_mutex_init(a,b) return_0((InitializeCriticalSection((a)), 0))
 #define pthread_mutex_destroy(a) DeleteCriticalSection((a))
 #define pthread_mutex_lock EnterCriticalSection
 #define pthread_mutex_unlock LeaveCriticalSection
@@ -75,9 +78,9 @@ extern int win32_pthread_join(pthread_t *thread, void **value_ptr);
 #define pthread_equal(t1, t2) ((t1).tid == (t2).tid)
 extern pthread_t pthread_self(void);
 
-static inline int pthread_exit(void *ret)
+static inline void NORETURN pthread_exit(void *ret)
 {
-	ExitThread((DWORD)ret);
+	ExitThread((DWORD)(intptr_t)ret);
 }
 
 typedef DWORD pthread_key_t;
@@ -86,6 +89,11 @@ static inline int pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *keyp, void (*destructor)(voi
 	return (*keyp = TlsAlloc()) == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES ? EAGAIN : 0;
 }
 
+static inline int pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t key)
+{
+	return TlsFree(key) ? 0 : EINVAL;
+}
+
 static inline int pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t key, const void *value)
 {
 	return TlsSetValue(key, (void *)value) ? 0 : EINVAL;
@@ -96,4 +104,11 @@ static inline void *pthread_getspecific(pthread_key_t key)
 	return TlsGetValue(key);
 }
 
+#ifndef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
+static inline int pthread_sigmask(int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oset)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif /* PTHREAD_H */
diff --git a/compat/win32/syslog.c b/compat/win32/syslog.c
index d015e436d5..6c7c9b6053 100644
--- a/compat/win32/syslog.c
+++ b/compat/win32/syslog.c
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ void syslog(int priority, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(ap);
 
 	if (str_len < 0) {
-		warning("vsnprintf failed: '%s'", strerror(errno));
+		warning_errno("vsnprintf failed");
 		return;
 	}
 
-	str = malloc(str_len + 1);
+	str = malloc(st_add(str_len, 1));
 	if (!str) {
-		warning("malloc failed: '%s'", strerror(errno));
+		warning_errno("malloc failed");
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ void syslog(int priority, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(ap);
 
 	while ((pos = strstr(str, "%1")) != NULL) {
-		str = realloc(str, ++str_len + 1);
+		str = realloc(str, st_add(++str_len, 1));
 		if (!str) {
-			warning("realloc failed: '%s'", strerror(errno));
+			warning_errno("realloc failed");
 			return;
 		}
 		memmove(pos + 2, pos + 1, strlen(pos));
diff --git a/compat/win32mmap.c b/compat/win32mmap.c
index b58aa69fa0..519d51f2b6 100644
--- a/compat/win32mmap.c
+++ b/compat/win32mmap.c
@@ -2,37 +2,42 @@
 
 void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
 {
-	HANDLE hmap;
+	HANDLE osfhandle, hmap;
 	void *temp;
-	off_t len;
-	struct stat st;
+	LARGE_INTEGER len;
 	uint64_t o = offset;
 	uint32_t l = o & 0xFFFFFFFF;
 	uint32_t h = (o >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
 
-	if (!fstat(fd, &st))
-		len = st.st_size;
-	else
+	osfhandle = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+	if (!GetFileSizeEx(osfhandle, &len))
 		die("mmap: could not determine filesize");
 
-	if ((length + offset) > len)
-		length = xsize_t(len - offset);
+	if ((length + offset) > len.QuadPart)
+		length = xsize_t(len.QuadPart - offset);
 
 	if (!(flags & MAP_PRIVATE))
 		die("Invalid usage of mmap when built with USE_WIN32_MMAP");
 
-	hmap = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), 0, PAGE_WRITECOPY,
-		0, 0, 0);
+	hmap = CreateFileMapping(osfhandle, NULL,
+		prot == PROT_READ ? PAGE_READONLY : PAGE_WRITECOPY, 0, 0, NULL);
 
-	if (!hmap)
+	if (!hmap) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
 		return MAP_FAILED;
+	}
 
-	temp = MapViewOfFileEx(hmap, FILE_MAP_COPY, h, l, length, start);
+	temp = MapViewOfFileEx(hmap, prot == PROT_READ ?
+			FILE_MAP_READ : FILE_MAP_COPY, h, l, length, start);
 
 	if (!CloseHandle(hmap))
-		warning("unable to close file mapping handle\n");
+		warning("unable to close file mapping handle");
 
-	return temp ? temp : MAP_FAILED;
+	if (temp)
+		return temp;
+
+	errno = GetLastError() == ERROR_COMMITMENT_LIMIT ? EFBIG : EINVAL;
+	return MAP_FAILED;
 }
 
 int git_munmap(void *start, size_t length)
diff --git a/compat/winansi.c b/compat/winansi.c
index dedce2104e..db4a5b0a37 100644
--- a/compat/winansi.c
+++ b/compat/winansi.c
@@ -2,15 +2,10 @@
  * Copyright 2008 Peter Harris <git@peter.is-a-geek.org>
  */
 
+#undef NOGDI
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
-
-/*
- Functions to be wrapped:
-*/
-#undef printf
-#undef fprintf
-#undef fputs
-/* TODO: write */
+#include <wingdi.h>
+#include <winreg.h>
 
 /*
  ANSI codes used by git: m, K
@@ -23,29 +18,116 @@ static HANDLE console;
 static WORD plain_attr;
 static WORD attr;
 static int negative;
+static int non_ascii_used = 0;
+static HANDLE hthread, hread, hwrite;
+static HANDLE hconsole1, hconsole2;
+
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+#if !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR) || __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR < 5
+typedef struct _CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX {
+	ULONG cbSize;
+	DWORD nFont;
+	COORD dwFontSize;
+	UINT FontFamily;
+	UINT FontWeight;
+	WCHAR FaceName[LF_FACESIZE];
+} CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX, *PCONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX)(HANDLE, BOOL,
+		PCONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX);
+
+static void warn_if_raster_font(void)
+{
+	DWORD fontFamily = 0;
+	PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx;
+
+	/* don't bother if output was ascii only */
+	if (!non_ascii_used)
+		return;
+
+	/* GetCurrentConsoleFontEx is available since Vista */
+	pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx = (PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX) GetProcAddress(
+			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"),
+			"GetCurrentConsoleFontEx");
+	if (pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx) {
+		CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX cfi;
+		cfi.cbSize = sizeof(cfi);
+		if (pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx(console, 0, &cfi))
+			fontFamily = cfi.FontFamily;
+	} else {
+		/* pre-Vista: check default console font in registry */
+		HKEY hkey;
+		if (ERROR_SUCCESS == RegOpenKeyExA(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "Console",
+				0, KEY_READ, &hkey)) {
+			DWORD size = sizeof(fontFamily);
+			RegQueryValueExA(hkey, "FontFamily", NULL, NULL,
+					(LPVOID) &fontFamily, &size);
+			RegCloseKey(hkey);
+		}
+	}
 
-static void init(void)
+	if (!(fontFamily & TMPF_TRUETYPE)) {
+		const wchar_t *msg = L"\nWarning: Your console font probably "
+			L"doesn\'t support Unicode. If you experience strange "
+			L"characters in the output, consider switching to a "
+			L"TrueType font such as Consolas!\n";
+		DWORD dummy;
+		WriteConsoleW(console, msg, wcslen(msg), &dummy, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+static int is_console(int fd)
 {
 	CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+	HANDLE hcon;
 
 	static int initialized = 0;
-	if (initialized)
-		return;
 
-	console = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
-	if (console == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-		console = NULL;
+	/* get OS handle of the file descriptor */
+	hcon = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
+	if (hcon == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return 0;
 
-	if (!console)
-		return;
+	/* check if its a device (i.e. console, printer, serial port) */
+	if (GetFileType(hcon) != FILE_TYPE_CHAR)
+		return 0;
 
-	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi);
-	attr = plain_attr = sbi.wAttributes;
-	negative = 0;
+	/* check if its a handle to a console output screen buffer */
+	if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hcon, &sbi))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* initialize attributes */
+	if (!initialized) {
+		console = hcon;
+		attr = plain_attr = sbi.wAttributes;
+		negative = 0;
+		initialized = 1;
+	}
 
-	initialized = 1;
+	return 1;
 }
 
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 4096
+#define MAX_PARAMS 16
+
+static void write_console(unsigned char *str, size_t len)
+{
+	/* only called from console_thread, so a static buffer will do */
+	static wchar_t wbuf[2 * BUFFER_SIZE + 1];
+	DWORD dummy;
+
+	/* convert utf-8 to utf-16 */
+	int wlen = xutftowcsn(wbuf, (char*) str, ARRAY_SIZE(wbuf), len);
+
+	/* write directly to console */
+	WriteConsoleW(console, wbuf, wlen, &dummy, NULL);
+
+	/* remember if non-ascii characters are printed */
+	if (wlen != len)
+		non_ascii_used = 1;
+}
 
 #define FOREGROUND_ALL (FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
 #define BACKGROUND_ALL (BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE)
@@ -90,18 +172,13 @@ static void erase_in_line(void)
 		&dummy);
 }
 
-
-static const char *set_attr(const char *str)
+static void set_attr(char func, const int *params, int paramlen)
 {
-	const char *func;
-	size_t len = strspn(str, "0123456789;");
-	func = str + len;
-
-	switch (*func) {
+	int i;
+	switch (func) {
 	case 'm':
-		do {
-			long val = strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10);
-			switch (val) {
+		for (i = 0; i < paramlen; i++) {
+			switch (params[i]) {
 			case 0: /* reset */
 				attr = plain_attr;
 				negative = 0;
@@ -224,9 +301,7 @@ static const char *set_attr(const char *str)
 				/* Unsupported code */
 				break;
 			}
-			str++;
-		} while (*(str-1) == ';');
-
+		}
 		set_console_attr();
 		break;
 	case 'K':
@@ -236,122 +311,322 @@ static const char *set_attr(const char *str)
 		/* Unsupported code */
 		break;
 	}
-
-	return func + 1;
 }
 
-static int ansi_emulate(const char *str, FILE *stream)
+enum {
+	TEXT = 0, ESCAPE = 033, BRACKET = '['
+};
+
+static DWORD WINAPI console_thread(LPVOID unused)
 {
-	int rv = 0;
-	const char *pos = str;
-
-	while (*pos) {
-		pos = strstr(str, "\033[");
-		if (pos) {
-			size_t len = pos - str;
-
-			if (len) {
-				size_t out_len = fwrite(str, 1, len, stream);
-				rv += out_len;
-				if (out_len < len)
-					return rv;
+	unsigned char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+	DWORD bytes;
+	int start, end = 0, c, parampos = 0, state = TEXT;
+	int params[MAX_PARAMS];
+
+	while (1) {
+		/* read next chunk of bytes from the pipe */
+		if (!ReadFile(hread, buffer + end, BUFFER_SIZE - end, &bytes,
+				NULL)) {
+			/* exit if pipe has been closed or disconnected */
+			if (GetLastError() == ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED ||
+					GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
+				break;
+			/* ignore other errors */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* scan the bytes and handle ANSI control codes */
+		bytes += end;
+		start = end = 0;
+		while (end < bytes) {
+			c = buffer[end++];
+			switch (state) {
+			case TEXT:
+				if (c == ESCAPE) {
+					/* print text seen so far */
+					if (end - 1 > start)
+						write_console(buffer + start,
+							end - 1 - start);
+
+					/* then start parsing escape sequence */
+					start = end - 1;
+					memset(params, 0, sizeof(params));
+					parampos = 0;
+					state = ESCAPE;
+				}
+				break;
+
+			case ESCAPE:
+				/* continue if "\033[", otherwise bail out */
+				state = (c == BRACKET) ? BRACKET : TEXT;
+				break;
+
+			case BRACKET:
+				/* parse [0-9;]* into array of parameters */
+				if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+					params[parampos] *= 10;
+					params[parampos] += c - '0';
+				} else if (c == ';') {
+					/*
+					 * next parameter, bail out if out of
+					 * bounds
+					 */
+					parampos++;
+					if (parampos >= MAX_PARAMS)
+						state = TEXT;
+				} else {
+					/*
+					 * end of escape sequence, change
+					 * console attributes
+					 */
+					set_attr(c, params, parampos + 1);
+					start = end;
+					state = TEXT;
+				}
+				break;
 			}
+		}
 
-			str = pos + 2;
-			rv += 2;
+		/* print remaining text unless parsing an escape sequence */
+		if (state == TEXT && end > start) {
+			/* check for incomplete UTF-8 sequences and fix end */
+			if (buffer[end - 1] >= 0x80) {
+				if (buffer[end -1] >= 0xc0)
+					end--;
+				else if (end - 1 > start &&
+						buffer[end - 2] >= 0xe0)
+					end -= 2;
+				else if (end - 2 > start &&
+						buffer[end - 3] >= 0xf0)
+					end -= 3;
+			}
 
-			fflush(stream);
+			/* print remaining complete UTF-8 sequences */
+			if (end > start)
+				write_console(buffer + start, end - start);
 
-			pos = set_attr(str);
-			rv += pos - str;
-			str = pos;
+			/* move remaining bytes to the front */
+			if (end < bytes)
+				memmove(buffer, buffer + end, bytes - end);
+			end = bytes - end;
 		} else {
-			rv += strlen(str);
-			fputs(str, stream);
-			return rv;
+			/* all data has been consumed, mark buffer empty */
+			end = 0;
 		}
 	}
-	return rv;
+
+	/* check if the console font supports unicode */
+	warn_if_raster_font();
+
+	CloseHandle(hread);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-int winansi_fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream)
+static void winansi_exit(void)
 {
-	int rv;
+	/* flush all streams */
+	_flushall();
 
-	if (!isatty(fileno(stream)))
-		return fputs(str, stream);
+	/* signal console thread to exit */
+	FlushFileBuffers(hwrite);
+	DisconnectNamedPipe(hwrite);
 
-	init();
+	/* wait for console thread to copy remaining data */
+	WaitForSingleObject(hthread, INFINITE);
 
-	if (!console)
-		return fputs(str, stream);
-
-	rv = ansi_emulate(str, stream);
+	/* cleanup handles... */
+	CloseHandle(hwrite);
+	CloseHandle(hthread);
+}
 
-	if (rv >= 0)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return EOF;
+static void die_lasterr(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+	die_errno(fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
 }
 
-static int winansi_vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list list)
+static HANDLE duplicate_handle(HANDLE hnd)
 {
-	int len, rv;
-	char small_buf[256];
-	char *buf = small_buf;
-	va_list cp;
+	HANDLE hresult, hproc = GetCurrentProcess();
+	if (!DuplicateHandle(hproc, hnd, hproc, &hresult, 0, TRUE,
+			DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
+		die_lasterr("DuplicateHandle(%li) failed",
+			(long) (intptr_t) hnd);
+	return hresult;
+}
 
-	if (!isatty(fileno(stream)))
-		goto abort;
 
-	init();
+/*
+ * Make MSVCRT's internal file descriptor control structure accessible
+ * so that we can tweak OS handles and flags directly (we need MSVCRT
+ * to treat our pipe handle as if it were a console).
+ *
+ * We assume that the ioinfo structure (exposed by MSVCRT.dll via
+ * __pioinfo) starts with the OS handle and the flags. The exact size
+ * varies between MSVCRT versions, so we try different sizes until
+ * toggling the FDEV bit of _pioinfo(1)->osflags is reflected in
+ * isatty(1).
+ */
+typedef struct {
+	HANDLE osfhnd;
+	char osflags;
+} ioinfo;
 
-	if (!console)
-		goto abort;
+extern __declspec(dllimport) ioinfo *__pioinfo[];
 
-	va_copy(cp, list);
-	len = vsnprintf(small_buf, sizeof(small_buf), format, cp);
-	va_end(cp);
+static size_t sizeof_ioinfo = 0;
 
-	if (len > sizeof(small_buf) - 1) {
-		buf = malloc(len + 1);
-		if (!buf)
-			goto abort;
+#define IOINFO_L2E 5
+#define IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS (1 << IOINFO_L2E)
 
-		len = vsnprintf(buf, len + 1, format, list);
-	}
+#define FPIPE 0x08
+#define FDEV  0x40
 
-	rv = ansi_emulate(buf, stream);
+static inline ioinfo* _pioinfo(int fd)
+{
+	return (ioinfo*)((char*)__pioinfo[fd >> IOINFO_L2E] +
+			(fd & (IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS - 1)) * sizeof_ioinfo);
+}
 
-	if (buf != small_buf)
-		free(buf);
-	return rv;
+static int init_sizeof_ioinfo(void)
+{
+	int istty, wastty;
+	/* don't init twice */
+	if (sizeof_ioinfo)
+		return sizeof_ioinfo >= 256;
+
+	sizeof_ioinfo = sizeof(ioinfo);
+	wastty = isatty(1);
+	while (sizeof_ioinfo < 256) {
+		/* toggle FDEV flag, check isatty, then toggle back */
+		_pioinfo(1)->osflags ^= FDEV;
+		istty = isatty(1);
+		_pioinfo(1)->osflags ^= FDEV;
+		/* return if we found the correct size */
+		if (istty != wastty)
+			return 0;
+		sizeof_ioinfo += sizeof(void*);
+	}
+	error("Tweaking file descriptors doesn't work with this MSVCRT.dll");
+	return 1;
+}
 
-abort:
-	rv = vfprintf(stream, format, list);
-	return rv;
+static HANDLE swap_osfhnd(int fd, HANDLE new_handle)
+{
+	ioinfo *pioinfo;
+	HANDLE old_handle;
+
+	/* init ioinfo size if we haven't done so */
+	if (init_sizeof_ioinfo())
+		return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+	/* get ioinfo pointer and change the handles */
+	pioinfo = _pioinfo(fd);
+	old_handle = pioinfo->osfhnd;
+	pioinfo->osfhnd = new_handle;
+	return old_handle;
 }
 
-int winansi_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+#ifdef DETECT_MSYS_TTY
+
+#include <winternl.h>
+#include <ntstatus.h>
+
+static void detect_msys_tty(int fd)
 {
-	va_list list;
-	int rv;
+	ULONG result;
+	BYTE buffer[1024];
+	POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION nameinfo = (POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION) buffer;
+	PWSTR name;
+
+	/* check if fd is a pipe */
+	HANDLE h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
+	if (GetFileType(h) != FILE_TYPE_PIPE)
+		return;
+
+	/* get pipe name */
+	if (!NT_SUCCESS(NtQueryObject(h, ObjectNameInformation,
+			buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 2, &result)))
+		return;
+	name = nameinfo->Name.Buffer;
+	name[nameinfo->Name.Length] = 0;
+
+	/* check if this could be a MSYS2 pty pipe ('msys-XXXX-ptyN-XX') */
+	if (!wcsstr(name, L"msys-") || !wcsstr(name, L"-pty"))
+		return;
 
-	va_start(list, format);
-	rv = winansi_vfprintf(stream, format, list);
-	va_end(list);
+	/* init ioinfo size if we haven't done so */
+	if (init_sizeof_ioinfo())
+		return;
 
-	return rv;
+	/* set FDEV flag, reset FPIPE flag */
+	_pioinfo(fd)->osflags &= ~FPIPE;
+	_pioinfo(fd)->osflags |= FDEV;
 }
 
-int winansi_printf(const char *format, ...)
+#endif
+
+void winansi_init(void)
 {
-	va_list list;
-	int rv;
+	int con1, con2;
+	char name[32];
+
+	/* check if either stdout or stderr is a console output screen buffer */
+	con1 = is_console(1);
+	con2 = is_console(2);
+	if (!con1 && !con2) {
+#ifdef DETECT_MSYS_TTY
+		/* check if stdin / stdout / stderr are MSYS2 pty pipes */
+		detect_msys_tty(0);
+		detect_msys_tty(1);
+		detect_msys_tty(2);
+#endif
+		return;
+	}
 
-	va_start(list, format);
-	rv = winansi_vfprintf(stdout, format, list);
-	va_end(list);
+	/* create a named pipe to communicate with the console thread */
+	xsnprintf(name, sizeof(name), "\\\\.\\pipe\\winansi%lu", GetCurrentProcessId());
+	hwrite = CreateNamedPipe(name, PIPE_ACCESS_OUTBOUND,
+		PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_WAIT, 1, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0, NULL);
+	if (hwrite == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		die_lasterr("CreateNamedPipe failed");
+
+	hread = CreateFile(name, GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
+	if (hread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		die_lasterr("CreateFile for named pipe failed");
+
+	/* start console spool thread on the pipe's read end */
+	hthread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, console_thread, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	if (hthread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		die_lasterr("CreateThread(console_thread) failed");
+
+	/* schedule cleanup routine */
+	if (atexit(winansi_exit))
+		die_errno("atexit(winansi_exit) failed");
+
+	/* redirect stdout / stderr to the pipe */
+	if (con1)
+		hconsole1 = swap_osfhnd(1, duplicate_handle(hwrite));
+	if (con2)
+		hconsole2 = swap_osfhnd(2, duplicate_handle(hwrite));
+}
 
-	return rv;
+/*
+ * Returns the real console handle if stdout / stderr is a pipe redirecting
+ * to the console. Allows spawn / exec to pass the console to the next process.
+ */
+HANDLE winansi_get_osfhandle(int fd)
+{
+	HANDLE hnd = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
+	if (isatty(fd) && GetFileType(hnd) == FILE_TYPE_PIPE) {
+		if (fd == 1 && hconsole1)
+			return hconsole1;
+		else if (fd == 2 && hconsole2)
+			return hconsole2;
+	}
+	return hnd;
 }
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 40f9c6d103..bea937e4ec 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -6,39 +6,191 @@
  *
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "quote.h"
-
-#define MAXNAME (256)
-
-typedef struct config_file {
-	struct config_file *prev;
-	FILE *f;
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+struct config_source {
+	struct config_source *prev;
+	union {
+		FILE *file;
+		struct config_buf {
+			const char *buf;
+			size_t len;
+			size_t pos;
+		} buf;
+	} u;
+	const char *origin_type;
 	const char *name;
+	const char *path;
+	int die_on_error;
 	int linenr;
 	int eof;
 	struct strbuf value;
-	char var[MAXNAME];
-} config_file;
+	struct strbuf var;
+
+	int (*do_fgetc)(struct config_source *c);
+	int (*do_ungetc)(int c, struct config_source *conf);
+	long (*do_ftell)(struct config_source *c);
+};
+
+/*
+ * These variables record the "current" config source, which
+ * can be accessed by parsing callbacks.
+ *
+ * The "cf" variable will be non-NULL only when we are actually parsing a real
+ * config source (file, blob, cmdline, etc).
+ *
+ * The "current_config_kvi" variable will be non-NULL only when we are feeding
+ * cached config from a configset into a callback.
+ *
+ * They should generally never be non-NULL at the same time. If they are both
+ * NULL, then we aren't parsing anything (and depending on the function looking
+ * at the variables, it's either a bug for it to be called in the first place,
+ * or it's a function which can be reused for non-config purposes, and should
+ * fall back to some sane behavior).
+ */
+static struct config_source *cf;
+static struct key_value_info *current_config_kvi;
 
-static config_file *cf;
+/*
+ * Similar to the variables above, this gives access to the "scope" of the
+ * current value (repo, global, etc). For cached values, it can be found via
+ * the current_config_kvi as above. During parsing, the current value can be
+ * found in this variable. It's not part of "cf" because it transcends a single
+ * file (i.e., a file included from .git/config is still in "repo" scope).
+ */
+static enum config_scope current_parsing_scope;
 
 static int zlib_compression_seen;
 
-const char *config_exclusive_filename = NULL;
+/*
+ * Default config_set that contains key-value pairs from the usual set of config
+ * config files (i.e repo specific .git/config, user wide ~/.gitconfig, XDG
+ * config file and the global /etc/gitconfig)
+ */
+static struct config_set the_config_set;
+
+static int config_file_fgetc(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return getc_unlocked(conf->u.file);
+}
+
+static int config_file_ungetc(int c, struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return ungetc(c, conf->u.file);
+}
+
+static long config_file_ftell(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return ftell(conf->u.file);
+}
+
+
+static int config_buf_fgetc(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	if (conf->u.buf.pos < conf->u.buf.len)
+		return conf->u.buf.buf[conf->u.buf.pos++];
+
+	return EOF;
+}
 
-static void lowercase(char *p)
+static int config_buf_ungetc(int c, struct config_source *conf)
 {
-	for (; *p; p++)
-		*p = tolower(*p);
+	if (conf->u.buf.pos > 0) {
+		conf->u.buf.pos--;
+		if (conf->u.buf.buf[conf->u.buf.pos] != c)
+			die("BUG: config_buf can only ungetc the same character");
+		return c;
+	}
+
+	return EOF;
+}
+
+static long config_buf_ftell(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return conf->u.buf.pos;
+}
+
+#define MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH 10
+static const char include_depth_advice[] =
+"exceeded maximum include depth (%d) while including\n"
+"	%s\n"
+"from\n"
+"	%s\n"
+"Do you have circular includes?";
+static int handle_path_include(const char *path, struct config_include_data *inc)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *expanded;
+
+	if (!path)
+		return config_error_nonbool("include.path");
+
+	expanded = expand_user_path(path);
+	if (!expanded)
+		return error("could not expand include path '%s'", path);
+	path = expanded;
+
+	/*
+	 * Use an absolute path as-is, but interpret relative paths
+	 * based on the including config file.
+	 */
+	if (!is_absolute_path(path)) {
+		char *slash;
+
+		if (!cf || !cf->path)
+			return error("relative config includes must come from files");
+
+		slash = find_last_dir_sep(cf->path);
+		if (slash)
+			strbuf_add(&buf, cf->path, slash - cf->path + 1);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
+		path = buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	if (!access_or_die(path, R_OK, 0)) {
+		if (++inc->depth > MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH)
+			die(include_depth_advice, MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH, path,
+			    !cf ? "<unknown>" :
+			    cf->name ? cf->name :
+			    "the command line");
+		ret = git_config_from_file(git_config_include, path, inc);
+		inc->depth--;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	free(expanded);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int git_config_include(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	struct config_include_data *inc = data;
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * Pass along all values, including "include" directives; this makes it
+	 * possible to query information on the includes themselves.
+	 */
+	ret = inc->fn(var, value, inc->data);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "include.path"))
+		ret = handle_path_include(value, inc);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void git_config_push_parameter(const char *text)
 {
 	struct strbuf env = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *old = getenv(CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if (old) {
+	if (old && *old) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&env, old);
 		strbuf_addch(&env, ' ');
 	}
@@ -50,19 +202,27 @@ void git_config_push_parameter(const char *text)
 int git_config_parse_parameter(const char *text,
 			       config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
+	const char *value;
 	struct strbuf **pair;
+
 	pair = strbuf_split_str(text, '=', 2);
 	if (!pair[0])
 		return error("bogus config parameter: %s", text);
-	if (pair[0]->len && pair[0]->buf[pair[0]->len - 1] == '=')
+
+	if (pair[0]->len && pair[0]->buf[pair[0]->len - 1] == '=') {
 		strbuf_setlen(pair[0], pair[0]->len - 1);
+		value = pair[1] ? pair[1]->buf : "";
+	} else {
+		value = NULL;
+	}
+
 	strbuf_trim(pair[0]);
 	if (!pair[0]->len) {
 		strbuf_list_free(pair);
 		return error("bogus config parameter: %s", text);
 	}
-	lowercase(pair[0]->buf);
-	if (fn(pair[0]->buf, pair[1] ? pair[1]->buf : NULL, data) < 0) {
+	strbuf_tolower(pair[0]);
+	if (fn(pair[0]->buf, value, data) < 0) {
 		strbuf_list_free(pair);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -73,57 +233,62 @@ int git_config_parse_parameter(const char *text,
 int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
 	const char *env = getenv(CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT);
+	int ret = 0;
 	char *envw;
 	const char **argv = NULL;
 	int nr = 0, alloc = 0;
 	int i;
+	struct config_source source;
 
 	if (!env)
 		return 0;
+
+	memset(&source, 0, sizeof(source));
+	source.prev = cf;
+	cf = &source;
+
 	/* sq_dequote will write over it */
 	envw = xstrdup(env);
 
 	if (sq_dequote_to_argv(envw, &argv, &nr, &alloc) < 0) {
-		free(envw);
-		return error("bogus format in " CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT);
+		ret = error("bogus format in " CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT);
+		goto out;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 		if (git_config_parse_parameter(argv[i], fn, data) < 0) {
-			free(argv);
-			free(envw);
-			return -1;
+			ret = -1;
+			goto out;
 		}
 	}
 
+out:
 	free(argv);
 	free(envw);
-	return nr > 0;
+	cf = source.prev;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int get_next_char(void)
 {
-	int c;
-	FILE *f;
-
-	c = '\n';
-	if (cf && ((f = cf->f) != NULL)) {
-		c = fgetc(f);
-		if (c == '\r') {
-			/* DOS like systems */
-			c = fgetc(f);
-			if (c != '\n') {
-				ungetc(c, f);
-				c = '\r';
-			}
-		}
-		if (c == '\n')
-			cf->linenr++;
-		if (c == EOF) {
-			cf->eof = 1;
-			c = '\n';
+	int c = cf->do_fgetc(cf);
+
+	if (c == '\r') {
+		/* DOS like systems */
+		c = cf->do_fgetc(cf);
+		if (c != '\n') {
+			if (c != EOF)
+				cf->do_ungetc(c, cf);
+			c = '\r';
 		}
 	}
+	if (c == '\n')
+		cf->linenr++;
+	if (c == EOF) {
+		cf->eof = 1;
+		cf->linenr++;
+		c = '\n';
+	}
 	return c;
 }
 
@@ -135,8 +300,10 @@ static char *parse_value(void)
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
 		if (c == '\n') {
-			if (quote)
+			if (quote) {
+				cf->linenr--;
 				return NULL;
+			}
 			return cf->value.buf;
 		}
 		if (comment)
@@ -191,10 +358,11 @@ static inline int iskeychar(int c)
 	return isalnum(c) || c == '-';
 }
 
-static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, char *name, unsigned int len)
+static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, struct strbuf *name)
 {
 	int c;
 	char *value;
+	int ret;
 
 	/* Get the full name */
 	for (;;) {
@@ -203,11 +371,9 @@ static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, char *name, unsigned int len)
 			break;
 		if (!iskeychar(c))
 			break;
-		name[len++] = tolower(c);
-		if (len >= MAXNAME)
-			return -1;
+		strbuf_addch(name, tolower(c));
 	}
-	name[len] = 0;
+
 	while (c == ' ' || c == '\t')
 		c = get_next_char();
 
@@ -219,73 +385,77 @@ static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, char *name, unsigned int len)
 		if (!value)
 			return -1;
 	}
-	return fn(name, value, data);
+	/*
+	 * We already consumed the \n, but we need linenr to point to
+	 * the line we just parsed during the call to fn to get
+	 * accurate line number in error messages.
+	 */
+	cf->linenr--;
+	ret = fn(name->buf, value, data);
+	cf->linenr++;
+	return ret;
 }
 
-static int get_extended_base_var(char *name, int baselen, int c)
+static int get_extended_base_var(struct strbuf *name, int c)
 {
 	do {
 		if (c == '\n')
-			return -1;
+			goto error_incomplete_line;
 		c = get_next_char();
 	} while (isspace(c));
 
 	/* We require the format to be '[base "extension"]' */
 	if (c != '"')
 		return -1;
-	name[baselen++] = '.';
+	strbuf_addch(name, '.');
 
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
 		if (c == '\n')
-			return -1;
+			goto error_incomplete_line;
 		if (c == '"')
 			break;
 		if (c == '\\') {
 			c = get_next_char();
 			if (c == '\n')
-				return -1;
+				goto error_incomplete_line;
 		}
-		name[baselen++] = c;
-		if (baselen > MAXNAME / 2)
-			return -1;
+		strbuf_addch(name, c);
 	}
 
 	/* Final ']' */
 	if (get_next_char() != ']')
 		return -1;
-	return baselen;
+	return 0;
+error_incomplete_line:
+	cf->linenr--;
+	return -1;
 }
 
-static int get_base_var(char *name)
+static int get_base_var(struct strbuf *name)
 {
-	int baselen = 0;
-
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
 		if (cf->eof)
 			return -1;
 		if (c == ']')
-			return baselen;
+			return 0;
 		if (isspace(c))
-			return get_extended_base_var(name, baselen, c);
+			return get_extended_base_var(name, c);
 		if (!iskeychar(c) && c != '.')
 			return -1;
-		if (baselen > MAXNAME / 2)
-			return -1;
-		name[baselen++] = tolower(c);
+		strbuf_addch(name, tolower(c));
 	}
 }
 
-static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+static int git_parse_source(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
 	int comment = 0;
 	int baselen = 0;
-	char *var = cf->var;
+	struct strbuf *var = &cf->var;
 
 	/* U+FEFF Byte Order Mark in UTF8 */
-	static const unsigned char *utf8_bom = (unsigned char *) "\xef\xbb\xbf";
-	const unsigned char *bomptr = utf8_bom;
+	const char *bomptr = utf8_bom;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
@@ -293,7 +463,7 @@ static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 			/* We are at the file beginning; skip UTF8-encoded BOM
 			 * if present. Sane editors won't put this in on their
 			 * own, but e.g. Windows Notepad will do it happily. */
-			if ((unsigned char) c == *bomptr) {
+			if (c == (*bomptr & 0377)) {
 				bomptr++;
 				continue;
 			} else {
@@ -317,20 +487,30 @@ static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == '[') {
-			baselen = get_base_var(var);
-			if (baselen <= 0)
+			/* Reset prior to determining a new stem */
+			strbuf_reset(var);
+			if (get_base_var(var) < 0 || var->len < 1)
 				break;
-			var[baselen++] = '.';
-			var[baselen] = 0;
+			strbuf_addch(var, '.');
+			baselen = var->len;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!isalpha(c))
 			break;
-		var[baselen] = tolower(c);
-		if (get_value(fn, data, var, baselen+1) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * Truncate the var name back to the section header
+		 * stem prior to grabbing the suffix part of the name
+		 * and the value.
+		 */
+		strbuf_setlen(var, baselen);
+		strbuf_addch(var, tolower(c));
+		if (get_value(fn, data, var) < 0)
 			break;
 	}
-	die("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
+	if (cf->die_on_error)
+		die(_("bad config line %d in %s %s"), cf->linenr, cf->origin_type, cf->name);
+	else
+		return error(_("bad config line %d in %s %s"), cf->linenr, cf->origin_type, cf->name);
 }
 
 static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, uintmax_t *val)
@@ -352,7 +532,7 @@ static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, uintmax_t *val)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int git_parse_long(const char *value, long *ret)
+static int git_parse_signed(const char *value, intmax_t *ret, intmax_t max)
 {
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
@@ -364,21 +544,25 @@ static int git_parse_long(const char *value, long *ret)
 		val = strtoimax(value, &end, 0);
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor))
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
-		uval = abs(val);
+		}
+		uval = labs(val);
 		uval *= factor;
-		if ((uval > maximum_signed_value_of_type(long)) ||
-		    (abs(val) > uval))
+		if (uval > max || labs(val) > uval) {
+			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		val *= factor;
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
+	errno = EINVAL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+static int git_parse_unsigned(const char *value, uintmax_t *ret, uintmax_t max)
 {
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
@@ -390,29 +574,76 @@ int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
 		oldval = val;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val))
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
-		if ((val > maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(long)) ||
-		    (oldval > val))
+		}
+		if (val > max || oldval > val) {
+			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
+	errno = EINVAL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void die_bad_config(const char *name)
+static int git_parse_int(const char *value, int *ret)
 {
-	if (cf && cf->name)
-		die("bad config value for '%s' in %s", name, cf->name);
-	die("bad config value for '%s'", name);
+	intmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_signed(value, &tmp, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int git_parse_int64(const char *value, int64_t *ret)
+{
+	intmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_signed(value, &tmp, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int64_t)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+{
+	uintmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_unsigned(value, &tmp, maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(long)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+NORETURN
+static void die_bad_number(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	const char *reason = errno == ERANGE ?
+			     "out of range" :
+			     "invalid unit";
+	if (!value)
+		value = "";
+
+	if (cf && cf->origin_type && cf->name)
+		die(_("bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"),
+		    value, name, cf->origin_type, cf->name, reason);
+	die(_("bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"), value, name, reason);
 }
 
 int git_config_int(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	long ret = 0;
-	if (!git_parse_long(value, &ret))
-		die_bad_config(name);
+	int ret;
+	if (!git_parse_int(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int64_t git_config_int64(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int64_t ret;
+	if (!git_parse_int64(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -420,11 +651,11 @@ unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
 	unsigned long ret;
 	if (!git_parse_ulong(value, &ret))
-		die_bad_config(name);
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int git_config_maybe_bool_text(const char *name, const char *value)
+int git_parse_maybe_bool(const char *value)
 {
 	if (!value)
 		return 1;
@@ -443,17 +674,17 @@ static int git_config_maybe_bool_text(const char *name, const char *value)
 
 int git_config_maybe_bool(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	long v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
+	int v = git_parse_maybe_bool(value);
 	if (0 <= v)
 		return v;
-	if (git_parse_long(value, &v))
+	if (git_parse_int(value, &v))
 		return !!v;
 	return -1;
 }
 
 int git_config_bool_or_int(const char *name, const char *value, int *is_bool)
 {
-	int v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
+	int v = git_parse_maybe_bool(value);
 	if (0 <= v) {
 		*is_bool = 1;
 		return v;
@@ -482,7 +713,7 @@ int git_config_pathname(const char **dest, const char *var, const char *value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
 	*dest = expand_user_path(value);
 	if (!*dest)
-		die("Failed to expand user dir in: '%s'", value);
+		die(_("failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"), value);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -497,6 +728,12 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		trust_ctime = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.checkstat")) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+			check_stat = 1;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+			check_stat = 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.quotepath")) {
 		quote_path_fully = git_config_bool(var, value);
@@ -516,6 +753,9 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.attributesfile"))
 		return git_config_pathname(&git_attributes_file, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.hookspath"))
+		return git_config_pathname(&git_hooks_path, var, value);
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.bare")) {
 		is_bare_repository_cfg = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -554,7 +794,7 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		if (level == -1)
 			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
-			die("bad zlib compression level %d", level);
+			die(_("bad zlib compression level %d"), level);
 		zlib_compression_level = level;
 		zlib_compression_seen = 1;
 		return 0;
@@ -565,7 +805,7 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		if (level == -1)
 			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
-			die("bad zlib compression level %d", level);
+			die(_("bad zlib compression level %d"), level);
 		core_compression_level = level;
 		core_compression_seen = 1;
 		if (!zlib_compression_seen)
@@ -600,13 +840,8 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.logpackaccess"))
-		return git_config_string(&log_pack_access, var, value);
-
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.autocrlf")) {
 		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "input")) {
-			if (core_eol == EOL_CRLF)
-				return error("core.autocrlf=input conflicts with core.eol=crlf");
 			auto_crlf = AUTO_CRLF_INPUT;
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -632,8 +867,6 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 			core_eol = EOL_NATIVE;
 		else
 			core_eol = EOL_UNSET;
-		if (core_eol == EOL_CRLF && auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_INPUT)
-			return error("core.autocrlf=input conflicts with core.eol=crlf");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -648,6 +881,19 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.editor"))
 		return git_config_string(&editor_program, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.commentchar")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		else if (!strcasecmp(value, "auto"))
+			auto_comment_line_char = 1;
+		else if (value[0] && !value[1]) {
+			comment_line_char = value[0];
+			auto_comment_line_char = 0;
+		} else
+			return error("core.commentChar should only be one character");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.askpass"))
 		return git_config_string(&askpass_program, var, value);
 
@@ -677,7 +923,7 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "link"))
 			object_creation_mode = OBJECT_CREATION_USES_HARDLINKS;
 		else
-			die("Invalid mode for object creation: %s", value);
+			die(_("invalid mode for object creation: %s"), value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -686,25 +932,26 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
-	return 0;
-}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.precomposeunicode")) {
+		precomposed_unicode = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
-static int git_default_user_config(const char *var, const char *value)
-{
-	if (!strcmp(var, "user.name")) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		strlcpy(git_default_name, value, sizeof(git_default_name));
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.protecthfs")) {
+		protect_hfs = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "user.email")) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		strlcpy(git_default_email, value, sizeof(git_default_email));
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.protectntfs")) {
+		protect_ntfs = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.hidedotfiles")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "dotgitonly"))
+			hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
+		else
+			hide_dotfiles = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -746,7 +993,7 @@ static int git_default_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "always"))
 			autorebase = AUTOREBASE_ALWAYS;
 		else
-			return error("Malformed value for %s", var);
+			return error("malformed value for %s", var);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -763,6 +1010,8 @@ static int git_default_push_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING;
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "matching"))
 			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "simple"))
+			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE;
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "upstream"))
 			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM;
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "tracking")) /* deprecated */
@@ -770,9 +1019,9 @@ static int git_default_push_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "current"))
 			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT;
 		else {
-			error("Malformed value for %s: %s", var, value);
-			return error("Must be one of nothing, matching, "
-				     "tracking or current.");
+			error("malformed value for %s: %s", var, value);
+			return error("Must be one of nothing, matching, simple, "
+				     "upstream or current.");
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -784,7 +1033,9 @@ static int git_default_push_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 static int git_default_mailmap_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.file"))
-		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_file, var, value);
+		return git_config_pathname(&git_mailmap_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.blob"))
+		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_blob, var, value);
 
 	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
 	return 0;
@@ -792,25 +1043,25 @@ static int git_default_mailmap_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 int git_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *dummy)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "core."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "core."))
 		return git_default_core_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "user."))
-		return git_default_user_config(var, value);
+	if (starts_with(var, "user."))
+		return git_ident_config(var, value, dummy);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "i18n."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "i18n."))
 		return git_default_i18n_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "branch."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "branch."))
 		return git_default_branch_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "push."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "push."))
 		return git_default_push_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "mailmap."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "mailmap."))
 		return git_default_mailmap_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "advice."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "advice."))
 		return git_default_advice_config(var, value);
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "pager.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.pager")) {
@@ -826,35 +1077,125 @@ int git_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *dummy)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *filename, void *data)
+/*
+ * All source specific fields in the union, die_on_error, name and the callbacks
+ * fgetc, ungetc, ftell of top need to be initialized before calling
+ * this function.
+ */
+static int do_config_from(struct config_source *top, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
 	int ret;
-	FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
 
-	ret = -1;
-	if (f) {
-		config_file top;
+	/* push config-file parsing state stack */
+	top->prev = cf;
+	top->linenr = 1;
+	top->eof = 0;
+	strbuf_init(&top->value, 1024);
+	strbuf_init(&top->var, 1024);
+	cf = top;
+
+	ret = git_parse_source(fn, data);
+
+	/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
+	strbuf_release(&top->value);
+	strbuf_release(&top->var);
+	cf = top->prev;
 
-		/* push config-file parsing state stack */
-		top.prev = cf;
-		top.f = f;
-		top.name = filename;
-		top.linenr = 1;
-		top.eof = 0;
-		strbuf_init(&top.value, 1024);
-		cf = &top;
+	return ret;
+}
 
-		ret = git_parse_file(fn, data);
+static int do_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn,
+		const char *origin_type, const char *name, const char *path, FILE *f,
+		void *data)
+{
+	struct config_source top;
+
+	top.u.file = f;
+	top.origin_type = origin_type;
+	top.name = name;
+	top.path = path;
+	top.die_on_error = 1;
+	top.do_fgetc = config_file_fgetc;
+	top.do_ungetc = config_file_ungetc;
+	top.do_ftell = config_file_ftell;
+
+	return do_config_from(&top, fn, data);
+}
 
-		/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
-		strbuf_release(&top.value);
-		cf = top.prev;
+static int git_config_from_stdin(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	return do_config_from_file(fn, "standard input", "", NULL, stdin, data);
+}
 
+int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *filename, void *data)
+{
+	int ret = -1;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	f = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (f) {
+		flockfile(f);
+		ret = do_config_from_file(fn, "file", filename, filename, f, data);
+		funlockfile(f);
 		fclose(f);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int git_config_from_mem(config_fn_t fn, const char *origin_type,
+			const char *name, const char *buf, size_t len, void *data)
+{
+	struct config_source top;
+
+	top.u.buf.buf = buf;
+	top.u.buf.len = len;
+	top.u.buf.pos = 0;
+	top.origin_type = origin_type;
+	top.name = name;
+	top.path = NULL;
+	top.die_on_error = 0;
+	top.do_fgetc = config_buf_fgetc;
+	top.do_ungetc = config_buf_ungetc;
+	top.do_ftell = config_buf_ftell;
+
+	return do_config_from(&top, fn, data);
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_blob_sha1(config_fn_t fn,
+				     const char *name,
+				     const unsigned char *sha1,
+				     void *data)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to load config blob object '%s'", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(buf);
+		return error("reference '%s' does not point to a blob", name);
+	}
+
+	ret = git_config_from_mem(fn, "blob", name, buf, size, data);
+	free(buf);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_blob_ref(config_fn_t fn,
+				    const char *name,
+				    void *data)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return error("unable to resolve config blob '%s'", name);
+	return git_config_from_blob_sha1(fn, name, sha1, data);
+}
+
 const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void)
 {
 	static const char *system_wide;
@@ -863,114 +1204,530 @@ const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void)
 	return system_wide;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Parse environment variable 'k' as a boolean (in various
+ * possible spellings); if missing, use the default value 'def'.
+ */
 int git_env_bool(const char *k, int def)
 {
 	const char *v = getenv(k);
 	return v ? git_config_bool(k, v) : def;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Parse environment variable 'k' as ulong with possibly a unit
+ * suffix; if missing, use the default value 'val'.
+ */
+unsigned long git_env_ulong(const char *k, unsigned long val)
+{
+	const char *v = getenv(k);
+	if (v && !git_parse_ulong(v, &val))
+		die("failed to parse %s", k);
+	return val;
+}
+
 int git_config_system(void)
 {
 	return !git_env_bool("GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM", 0);
 }
 
-int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *data, const char *repo_config)
+static int do_git_config_sequence(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
-	int ret = 0, found = 0;
-	const char *home = NULL;
+	int ret = 0;
+	char *xdg_config = xdg_config_home("config");
+	char *user_config = expand_user_path("~/.gitconfig");
+	char *repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
 
-	/* Setting $GIT_CONFIG makes git read _only_ the given config file. */
-	if (config_exclusive_filename)
-		return git_config_from_file(fn, config_exclusive_filename, data);
-	if (git_config_system() && !access(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK)) {
+	current_parsing_scope = CONFIG_SCOPE_SYSTEM;
+	if (git_config_system() && !access_or_die(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK, 0))
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(),
 					    data);
-		found += 1;
-	}
 
-	home = getenv("HOME");
-	if (home) {
-		char buf[PATH_MAX];
-		char *user_config = mksnpath(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/.gitconfig", home);
-		if (!access(user_config, R_OK)) {
-			ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
-			found += 1;
-		}
-	}
+	current_parsing_scope = CONFIG_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+	if (xdg_config && !access_or_die(xdg_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK))
+		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, xdg_config, data);
+
+	if (user_config && !access_or_die(user_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK))
+		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
 
-	if (repo_config && !access(repo_config, R_OK)) {
+	current_parsing_scope = CONFIG_SCOPE_REPO;
+	if (repo_config && !access_or_die(repo_config, R_OK, 0))
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, repo_config, data);
-		found += 1;
+
+	current_parsing_scope = CONFIG_SCOPE_CMDLINE;
+	if (git_config_from_parameters(fn, data) < 0)
+		die(_("unable to parse command-line config"));
+
+	current_parsing_scope = CONFIG_SCOPE_UNKNOWN;
+	free(xdg_config);
+	free(user_config);
+	free(repo_config);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *data,
+			    struct git_config_source *config_source,
+			    int respect_includes)
+{
+	struct config_include_data inc = CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT;
+
+	if (respect_includes) {
+		inc.fn = fn;
+		inc.data = data;
+		fn = git_config_include;
+		data = &inc;
 	}
 
-	switch (git_config_from_parameters(fn, data)) {
-	case -1: /* error */
-		die("unable to parse command-line config");
-		break;
-	case 0: /* found nothing */
-		break;
-	default: /* found at least one item */
-		found++;
-		break;
+	/*
+	 * If we have a specific filename, use it. Otherwise, follow the
+	 * regular lookup sequence.
+	 */
+	if (config_source && config_source->use_stdin)
+		return git_config_from_stdin(fn, data);
+	else if (config_source && config_source->file)
+		return git_config_from_file(fn, config_source->file, data);
+	else if (config_source && config_source->blob)
+		return git_config_from_blob_ref(fn, config_source->blob, data);
+
+	return do_git_config_sequence(fn, data);
+}
+
+static void git_config_raw(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	if (git_config_with_options(fn, data, NULL, 1) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * git_config_with_options() normally returns only
+		 * zero, as most errors are fatal, and
+		 * non-fatal potential errors are guarded by "if"
+		 * statements that are entered only when no error is
+		 * possible.
+		 *
+		 * If we ever encounter a non-fatal error, it means
+		 * something went really wrong and we should stop
+		 * immediately.
+		 */
+		die(_("unknown error occurred while reading the configuration files"));
+}
+
+static void configset_iter(struct config_set *cs, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	int i, value_index;
+	struct string_list *values;
+	struct config_set_element *entry;
+	struct configset_list *list = &cs->list;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		entry = list->items[i].e;
+		value_index = list->items[i].value_index;
+		values = &entry->value_list;
+
+		current_config_kvi = values->items[value_index].util;
+
+		if (fn(entry->key, values->items[value_index].string, data) < 0)
+			git_die_config_linenr(entry->key,
+					      current_config_kvi->filename,
+					      current_config_kvi->linenr);
+
+		current_config_kvi = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void git_config_check_init(void);
+
+void git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	configset_iter(&the_config_set, fn, data);
+}
+
+static struct config_set_element *configset_find_element(struct config_set *cs, const char *key)
+{
+	struct config_set_element k;
+	struct config_set_element *found_entry;
+	char *normalized_key;
+	/*
+	 * `key` may come from the user, so normalize it before using it
+	 * for querying entries from the hashmap.
+	 */
+	if (git_config_parse_key(key, &normalized_key, NULL))
+		return NULL;
+
+	hashmap_entry_init(&k, strhash(normalized_key));
+	k.key = normalized_key;
+	found_entry = hashmap_get(&cs->config_hash, &k, NULL);
+	free(normalized_key);
+	return found_entry;
+}
+
+static int configset_add_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	struct config_set_element *e;
+	struct string_list_item *si;
+	struct configset_list_item *l_item;
+	struct key_value_info *kv_info = xmalloc(sizeof(*kv_info));
+
+	e = configset_find_element(cs, key);
+	/*
+	 * Since the keys are being fed by git_config*() callback mechanism, they
+	 * are already normalized. So simply add them without any further munging.
+	 */
+	if (!e) {
+		e = xmalloc(sizeof(*e));
+		hashmap_entry_init(e, strhash(key));
+		e->key = xstrdup(key);
+		string_list_init(&e->value_list, 1);
+		hashmap_add(&cs->config_hash, e);
+	}
+	si = string_list_append_nodup(&e->value_list, xstrdup_or_null(value));
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(cs->list.items, cs->list.nr + 1, cs->list.alloc);
+	l_item = &cs->list.items[cs->list.nr++];
+	l_item->e = e;
+	l_item->value_index = e->value_list.nr - 1;
+
+	if (!cf)
+		die("BUG: configset_add_value has no source");
+	if (cf->name) {
+		kv_info->filename = strintern(cf->name);
+		kv_info->linenr = cf->linenr;
+		kv_info->origin_type = strintern(cf->origin_type);
+	} else {
+		/* for values read from `git_config_from_parameters()` */
+		kv_info->filename = NULL;
+		kv_info->linenr = -1;
+		kv_info->origin_type = NULL;
 	}
+	kv_info->scope = current_parsing_scope;
+	si->util = kv_info;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_set_element_cmp(const struct config_set_element *e1,
+				 const struct config_set_element *e2, const void *unused)
+{
+	return strcmp(e1->key, e2->key);
+}
+
+void git_configset_init(struct config_set *cs)
+{
+	hashmap_init(&cs->config_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn)config_set_element_cmp, 0);
+	cs->hash_initialized = 1;
+	cs->list.nr = 0;
+	cs->list.alloc = 0;
+	cs->list.items = NULL;
+}
+
+void git_configset_clear(struct config_set *cs)
+{
+	struct config_set_element *entry;
+	struct hashmap_iter iter;
+	if (!cs->hash_initialized)
+		return;
+
+	hashmap_iter_init(&cs->config_hash, &iter);
+	while ((entry = hashmap_iter_next(&iter))) {
+		free(entry->key);
+		string_list_clear(&entry->value_list, 1);
+	}
+	hashmap_free(&cs->config_hash, 1);
+	cs->hash_initialized = 0;
+	free(cs->list.items);
+	cs->list.nr = 0;
+	cs->list.alloc = 0;
+	cs->list.items = NULL;
+}
+
+static int config_set_callback(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct config_set *cs = cb;
+	configset_add_value(cs, key, value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_configset_add_file(struct config_set *cs, const char *filename)
+{
+	return git_config_from_file(config_set_callback, filename, cs);
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **value)
+{
+	const struct string_list *values = NULL;
+	/*
+	 * Follows "last one wins" semantic, i.e., if there are multiple matches for the
+	 * queried key in the files of the configset, the value returned will be the last
+	 * value in the value list for that key.
+	 */
+	values = git_configset_get_value_multi(cs, key);
+
+	if (!values)
+		return 1;
+	assert(values->nr > 0);
+	*value = values->items[values->nr - 1].string;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const struct string_list *git_configset_get_value_multi(struct config_set *cs, const char *key)
+{
+	struct config_set_element *e = configset_find_element(cs, key);
+	return e ? &e->value_list : NULL;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_string_const(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value))
+		return git_config_string(dest, key, value);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_string(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, char **dest)
+{
+	return git_configset_get_string_const(cs, key, (const char **)dest);
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_int(key, value);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_ulong(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, unsigned long *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_ulong(key, value);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_bool(key, value);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_bool_or_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key,
+				int *is_bool, int *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, is_bool);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_maybe_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_maybe_bool(key, value);
+		if (*dest == -1)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_pathname(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value))
+		return git_config_pathname(dest, key, value);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+static void git_config_check_init(void)
+{
+	if (the_config_set.hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	git_configset_init(&the_config_set);
+	git_config_raw(config_set_callback, &the_config_set);
+}
+
+void git_config_clear(void)
+{
+	if (!the_config_set.hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	git_configset_clear(&the_config_set);
+}
 
-	return ret == 0 ? found : ret;
+int git_config_get_value(const char *key, const char **value)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_value(&the_config_set, key, value);
+}
+
+const struct string_list *git_config_get_value_multi(const char *key)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_value_multi(&the_config_set, key);
 }
 
-int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest)
 {
-	char *repo_config = NULL;
 	int ret;
+	git_config_check_init();
+	ret = git_configset_get_string_const(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		git_die_config(key, NULL);
+	return ret;
+}
 
-	repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
-	ret = git_config_early(fn, data, repo_config);
-	if (repo_config)
-		free(repo_config);
+int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_config_get_string_const(key, (const char **)dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_int(const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_int(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_ulong(const char *key, unsigned long *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_ulong(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_bool(const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_bool(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_bool_or_int(const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_bool_or_int(&the_config_set, key, is_bool, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_maybe_bool(const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_maybe_bool(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_pathname(const char *key, const char **dest)
+{
+	int ret;
+	git_config_check_init();
+	ret = git_configset_get_pathname(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		git_die_config(key, NULL);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int git_config_get_untracked_cache(void)
+{
+	int val = -1;
+	const char *v;
+
+	/* Hack for test programs like test-dump-untracked-cache */
+	if (ignore_untracked_cache_config)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!git_config_get_maybe_bool("core.untrackedcache", &val))
+		return val;
+
+	if (!git_config_get_value("core.untrackedcache", &v)) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(v, "keep"))
+			return -1;
+
+		error("unknown core.untrackedCache value '%s'; "
+		      "using 'keep' default value", v);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return -1; /* default value */
+}
+
+NORETURN
+void git_die_config_linenr(const char *key, const char *filename, int linenr)
+{
+	if (!filename)
+		die(_("unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"), key);
+	else
+		die(_("bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"),
+		    key, filename, linenr);
+}
+
+NORETURN __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)))
+void git_die_config(const char *key, const char *err, ...)
+{
+	const struct string_list *values;
+	struct key_value_info *kv_info;
+
+	if (err) {
+		va_list params;
+		va_start(params, err);
+		vreportf("error: ", err, params);
+		va_end(params);
+	}
+	values = git_config_get_value_multi(key);
+	kv_info = values->items[values->nr - 1].util;
+	git_die_config_linenr(key, kv_info->filename, kv_info->linenr);
+}
+
 /*
  * Find all the stuff for git_config_set() below.
  */
 
-#define MAX_MATCHES 512
-
 static struct {
 	int baselen;
 	char *key;
 	int do_not_match;
 	regex_t *value_regex;
 	int multi_replace;
-	size_t offset[MAX_MATCHES];
+	size_t *offset;
+	unsigned int offset_alloc;
 	enum { START, SECTION_SEEN, SECTION_END_SEEN, KEY_SEEN } state;
 	int seen;
 } store;
 
 static int matches(const char *key, const char *value)
 {
-	return !strcmp(key, store.key) &&
-		(store.value_regex == NULL ||
-		 (store.do_not_match ^
-		  !regexec(store.value_regex, value, 0, NULL, 0)));
+	if (strcmp(key, store.key))
+		return 0; /* not ours */
+	if (!store.value_regex)
+		return 1; /* always matches */
+	if (store.value_regex == CONFIG_REGEX_NONE)
+		return 0; /* never matches */
+
+	return store.do_not_match ^
+		(value && !regexec(store.value_regex, value, 0, NULL, 0));
 }
 
 static int store_aux(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	const char *ep;
 	size_t section_len;
-	FILE *f = cf->f;
 
 	switch (store.state) {
 	case KEY_SEEN:
 		if (matches(key, value)) {
 			if (store.seen == 1 && store.multi_replace == 0) {
-				warning("%s has multiple values", key);
-			} else if (store.seen >= MAX_MATCHES) {
-				error("too many matches for %s", key);
-				return 1;
+				warning(_("%s has multiple values"), key);
 			}
 
-			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+			ALLOC_GROW(store.offset, store.seen + 1,
+				   store.offset_alloc);
+
+			store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			store.seen++;
 		}
 		break;
@@ -997,19 +1754,26 @@ static int store_aux(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 		 * Do not increment matches: this is no match, but we
 		 * just made sure we are in the desired section.
 		 */
-		store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+		ALLOC_GROW(store.offset, store.seen + 1,
+			   store.offset_alloc);
+		store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 		/* fallthru */
 	case SECTION_END_SEEN:
 	case START:
 		if (matches(key, value)) {
-			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+			ALLOC_GROW(store.offset, store.seen + 1,
+				   store.offset_alloc);
+			store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			store.state = KEY_SEEN;
 			store.seen++;
 		} else {
 			if (strrchr(key, '.') - key == store.baselen &&
 			      !strncmp(key, store.key, store.baselen)) {
 					store.state = SECTION_SEEN;
-					store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+					ALLOC_GROW(store.offset,
+						   store.seen + 1,
+						   store.offset_alloc);
+					store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1123,15 +1887,26 @@ contline:
 	return offset;
 }
 
-int git_config_set_in_file(const char *config_filename,
-			const char *key, const char *value)
+int git_config_set_in_file_gently(const char *config_filename,
+				  const char *key, const char *value)
 {
-	return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(config_filename, key, value, NULL, 0);
+	return git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(config_filename, key, value, NULL, 0);
 }
 
-int git_config_set(const char *key, const char *value)
+void git_config_set_in_file(const char *config_filename,
+			    const char *key, const char *value)
 {
-	return git_config_set_multivar(key, value, NULL, 0);
+	git_config_set_multivar_in_file(config_filename, key, value, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+int git_config_set_gently(const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	return git_config_set_multivar_gently(key, value, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+void git_config_set(const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	git_config_set_multivar(key, value, NULL, 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1146,7 +1921,7 @@ int git_config_set(const char *key, const char *value)
  * baselen - pointer to int which will hold the length of the
  *           section + subsection part, can be NULL
  */
-int git_config_parse_key(const char *key, char **store_key, int *baselen_)
+static int git_config_parse_key_1(const char *key, char **store_key, int *baselen_, int quiet)
 {
 	int i, dot, baselen;
 	const char *last_dot = strrchr(key, '.');
@@ -1157,12 +1932,14 @@ int git_config_parse_key(const char *key, char **store_key, int *baselen_)
 	 */
 
 	if (last_dot == NULL || last_dot == key) {
-		error("key does not contain a section: %s", key);
+		if (!quiet)
+			error("key does not contain a section: %s", key);
 		return -CONFIG_NO_SECTION_OR_NAME;
 	}
 
 	if (!last_dot[1]) {
-		error("key does not contain variable name: %s", key);
+		if (!quiet)
+			error("key does not contain variable name: %s", key);
 		return -CONFIG_NO_SECTION_OR_NAME;
 	}
 
@@ -1173,7 +1950,8 @@ int git_config_parse_key(const char *key, char **store_key, int *baselen_)
 	/*
 	 * Validate the key and while at it, lower case it for matching.
 	 */
-	*store_key = xmalloc(strlen(key) + 1);
+	if (store_key)
+		*store_key = xmallocz(strlen(key));
 
 	dot = 0;
 	for (i = 0; key[i]; i++) {
@@ -1184,28 +1962,45 @@ int git_config_parse_key(const char *key, char **store_key, int *baselen_)
 		if (!dot || i > baselen) {
 			if (!iskeychar(c) ||
 			    (i == baselen + 1 && !isalpha(c))) {
-				error("invalid key: %s", key);
+				if (!quiet)
+					error("invalid key: %s", key);
 				goto out_free_ret_1;
 			}
 			c = tolower(c);
 		} else if (c == '\n') {
-			error("invalid key (newline): %s", key);
+			if (!quiet)
+				error("invalid key (newline): %s", key);
 			goto out_free_ret_1;
 		}
-		(*store_key)[i] = c;
+		if (store_key)
+			(*store_key)[i] = c;
 	}
-	(*store_key)[i] = 0;
 
 	return 0;
 
 out_free_ret_1:
-	free(*store_key);
+	if (store_key) {
+		free(*store_key);
+		*store_key = NULL;
+	}
 	return -CONFIG_INVALID_KEY;
 }
 
+int git_config_parse_key(const char *key, char **store_key, int *baselen)
+{
+	return git_config_parse_key_1(key, store_key, baselen, 0);
+}
+
+int git_config_key_is_valid(const char *key)
+{
+	return !git_config_parse_key_1(key, NULL, NULL, 1);
+}
+
 /*
  * If value==NULL, unset in (remove from) config,
  * if value_regex!=NULL, disregard key/value pairs where value does not match.
+ * if value_regex==CONFIG_REGEX_NONE, do not match any existing values
+ *     (only add a new one)
  * if multi_replace==0, nothing, or only one matching key/value is replaced,
  *     else all matching key/values (regardless how many) are removed,
  *     before the new pair is written.
@@ -1226,13 +2021,17 @@ out_free_ret_1:
  * - the config file is removed and the lock file rename()d to it.
  *
  */
-int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
-				const char *key, const char *value,
-				const char *value_regex, int multi_replace)
+int git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(const char *config_filename,
+					   const char *key, const char *value,
+					   const char *value_regex,
+					   int multi_replace)
 {
-	int fd = -1, in_fd;
+	int fd = -1, in_fd = -1;
 	int ret;
 	struct lock_file *lock = NULL;
+	char *filename_buf = NULL;
+	char *contents = NULL;
+	size_t contents_sz;
 
 	/* parse-key returns negative; flip the sign to feed exit(3) */
 	ret = 0 - git_config_parse_key(key, &store.key, &store.baselen);
@@ -1241,15 +2040,17 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 
 	store.multi_replace = multi_replace;
 
+	if (!config_filename)
+		config_filename = filename_buf = git_pathdup("config");
 
 	/*
 	 * The lock serves a purpose in addition to locking: the new
 	 * contents of .git/config will be written into it.
 	 */
-	lock = xcalloc(sizeof(struct lock_file), 1);
+	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock, config_filename, 0);
 	if (fd < 0) {
-		error("could not lock config file %s: %s", config_filename, strerror(errno));
+		error_errno("could not lock config file %s", config_filename);
 		free(store.key);
 		ret = CONFIG_NO_LOCK;
 		goto out_free;
@@ -1263,8 +2064,7 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 		free(store.key);
 
 		if ( ENOENT != errno ) {
-			error("opening %s: %s", config_filename,
-			      strerror(errno));
+			error_errno("opening %s", config_filename);
 			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_FILE; /* same as "invalid config file" */
 			goto out_free;
 		}
@@ -1280,12 +2080,13 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 			goto write_err_out;
 	} else {
 		struct stat st;
-		char *contents;
-		size_t contents_sz, copy_begin, copy_end;
+		size_t copy_begin, copy_end;
 		int i, new_line = 0;
 
 		if (value_regex == NULL)
 			store.value_regex = NULL;
+		else if (value_regex == CONFIG_REGEX_NONE)
+			store.value_regex = CONFIG_REGEX_NONE;
 		else {
 			if (value_regex[0] == '!') {
 				store.do_not_match = 1;
@@ -1303,6 +2104,7 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 			}
 		}
 
+		ALLOC_GROW(store.offset, 1, store.offset_alloc);
 		store.offset[0] = 0;
 		store.state = START;
 		store.seen = 0;
@@ -1316,7 +2118,8 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 		if (git_config_from_file(store_aux, config_filename, NULL)) {
 			error("invalid config file %s", config_filename);
 			free(store.key);
-			if (store.value_regex != NULL) {
+			if (store.value_regex != NULL &&
+			    store.value_regex != CONFIG_REGEX_NONE) {
 				regfree(store.value_regex);
 				free(store.value_regex);
 			}
@@ -1325,7 +2128,8 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 		}
 
 		free(store.key);
-		if (store.value_regex != NULL) {
+		if (store.value_regex != NULL &&
+		    store.value_regex != CONFIG_REGEX_NONE) {
 			regfree(store.value_regex);
 			free(store.value_regex);
 		}
@@ -1339,9 +2143,24 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 
 		fstat(in_fd, &st);
 		contents_sz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
-		contents = xmmap(NULL, contents_sz, PROT_READ,
-			MAP_PRIVATE, in_fd, 0);
+		contents = xmmap_gently(NULL, contents_sz, PROT_READ,
+					MAP_PRIVATE, in_fd, 0);
+		if (contents == MAP_FAILED) {
+			if (errno == ENODEV && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+				errno = EISDIR;
+			error_errno("unable to mmap '%s'", config_filename);
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_FILE;
+			contents = NULL;
+			goto out_free;
+		}
 		close(in_fd);
+		in_fd = -1;
+
+		if (chmod(get_lock_file_path(lock), st.st_mode & 07777) < 0) {
+			error_errno("chmod on %s failed", get_lock_file_path(lock));
+			ret = CONFIG_NO_WRITE;
+			goto out_free;
+		}
 
 		if (store.seen == 0)
 			store.seen = 1;
@@ -1390,11 +2209,13 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 				goto write_err_out;
 
 		munmap(contents, contents_sz);
+		contents = NULL;
 	}
 
 	if (commit_lock_file(lock) < 0) {
-		error("could not commit config file %s", config_filename);
+		error_errno("could not write config file %s", config_filename);
 		ret = CONFIG_NO_WRITE;
+		lock = NULL;
 		goto out_free;
 	}
 
@@ -1407,33 +2228,50 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 	lock = NULL;
 	ret = 0;
 
+	/* Invalidate the config cache */
+	git_config_clear();
+
 out_free:
 	if (lock)
 		rollback_lock_file(lock);
+	free(filename_buf);
+	if (contents)
+		munmap(contents, contents_sz);
+	if (in_fd >= 0)
+		close(in_fd);
 	return ret;
 
 write_err_out:
-	ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+	ret = write_error(get_lock_file_path(lock));
 	goto out_free;
 
 }
 
-int git_config_set_multivar(const char *key, const char *value,
-			const char *value_regex, int multi_replace)
+void git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
+				     const char *key, const char *value,
+				     const char *value_regex, int multi_replace)
 {
-	const char *config_filename;
-	char *buf = NULL;
-	int ret;
-
-	if (config_exclusive_filename)
-		config_filename = config_exclusive_filename;
+	if (!git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(config_filename, key, value,
+						    value_regex, multi_replace))
+		return;
+	if (value)
+		die(_("could not set '%s' to '%s'"), key, value);
 	else
-		config_filename = buf = git_pathdup("config");
+		die(_("could not unset '%s'"), key);
+}
 
-	ret = git_config_set_multivar_in_file(config_filename, key, value,
-					value_regex, multi_replace);
-	free(buf);
-	return ret;
+int git_config_set_multivar_gently(const char *key, const char *value,
+				   const char *value_regex, int multi_replace)
+{
+	return git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(NULL, key, value, value_regex,
+						      multi_replace);
+}
+
+void git_config_set_multivar(const char *key, const char *value,
+			     const char *value_regex, int multi_replace)
+{
+	git_config_set_multivar_in_file(NULL, key, value, value_regex,
+					multi_replace);
 }
 
 static int section_name_match (const char *buf, const char *name)
@@ -1475,20 +2313,43 @@ static int section_name_match (const char *buf, const char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int section_name_is_ok(const char *name)
+{
+	/* Empty section names are bogus. */
+	if (!*name)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Before a dot, we must be alphanumeric or dash. After the first dot,
+	 * anything goes, so we can stop checking.
+	 */
+	for (; *name && *name != '.'; name++)
+		if (*name != '-' && !isalnum(*name))
+			return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /* if new_name == NULL, the section is removed instead */
-int git_config_rename_section(const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
+int git_config_rename_section_in_file(const char *config_filename,
+				      const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
 {
 	int ret = 0, remove = 0;
-	char *config_filename;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(sizeof(struct lock_file), 1);
+	char *filename_buf = NULL;
+	struct lock_file *lock;
 	int out_fd;
 	char buf[1024];
 	FILE *config_file;
+	struct stat st;
 
-	if (config_exclusive_filename)
-		config_filename = xstrdup(config_exclusive_filename);
-	else
-		config_filename = git_pathdup("config");
+	if (new_name && !section_name_is_ok(new_name)) {
+		ret = error("invalid section name: %s", new_name);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!config_filename)
+		config_filename = filename_buf = git_pathdup("config");
+
+	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 	out_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock, config_filename, 0);
 	if (out_fd < 0) {
 		ret = error("could not lock config file %s", config_filename);
@@ -1500,6 +2361,14 @@ int git_config_rename_section(const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
 		goto unlock_and_out;
 	}
 
+	fstat(fileno(config_file), &st);
+
+	if (chmod(get_lock_file_path(lock), st.st_mode & 07777) < 0) {
+		ret = error_errno("chmod on %s failed",
+				  get_lock_file_path(lock));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), config_file)) {
 		int i;
 		int length;
@@ -1517,7 +2386,7 @@ int git_config_rename_section(const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
 				}
 				store.baselen = strlen(new_name);
 				if (!store_write_section(out_fd, new_name)) {
-					ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+					ret = write_error(get_lock_file_path(lock));
 					goto out;
 				}
 				/*
@@ -1543,24 +2412,96 @@ int git_config_rename_section(const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
 			continue;
 		length = strlen(output);
 		if (write_in_full(out_fd, output, length) != length) {
-			ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+			ret = write_error(get_lock_file_path(lock));
 			goto out;
 		}
 	}
 	fclose(config_file);
 unlock_and_out:
 	if (commit_lock_file(lock) < 0)
-		ret = error("could not commit config file %s", config_filename);
+		ret = error_errno("could not write config file %s",
+				  config_filename);
 out:
-	free(config_filename);
+	free(filename_buf);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int git_config_rename_section(const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
+{
+	return git_config_rename_section_in_file(NULL, old_name, new_name);
+}
+
 /*
  * Call this to report error for your variable that should not
  * get a boolean value (i.e. "[my] var" means "true").
  */
+#undef config_error_nonbool
 int config_error_nonbool(const char *var)
 {
-	return error("Missing value for '%s'", var);
+	return error("missing value for '%s'", var);
+}
+
+int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+		     const char *section,
+		     const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+		     const char **key)
+{
+	int section_len = strlen(section);
+	const char *dot;
+
+	/* Does it start with "section." ? */
+	if (!starts_with(var, section) || var[section_len] != '.')
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the key; we don't know yet if we have a subsection, but we must
+	 * parse backwards from the end, since the subsection may have dots in
+	 * it, too.
+	 */
+	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	*key = dot + 1;
+
+	/* Did we have a subsection at all? */
+	if (dot == var + section_len) {
+		*subsection = NULL;
+		*subsection_len = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		*subsection = var + section_len + 1;
+		*subsection_len = dot - *subsection;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const char *current_config_origin_type(void)
+{
+	const char *type;
+	if (current_config_kvi)
+		type = current_config_kvi->origin_type;
+	else if(cf)
+		type = cf->origin_type;
+	else
+		die("BUG: current_config_origin_type called outside config callback");
+	return type ? type : "command line";
+}
+
+const char *current_config_name(void)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	if (current_config_kvi)
+		name = current_config_kvi->filename;
+	else if (cf)
+		name = cf->name;
+	else
+		die("BUG: current_config_name called outside config callback");
+	return name ? name : "";
+}
+
+enum config_scope current_config_scope(void)
+{
+	if (current_config_kvi)
+		return current_config_kvi->scope;
+	else
+		return current_parsing_scope;
 }
diff --git a/config.mak.in b/config.mak.in
index 10698c8292..e6a6d0f941 100644
--- a/config.mak.in
+++ b/config.mak.in
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ CC = @CC@
 CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
 CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@
 LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@
-CC_LD_DYNPATH = @CC_LD_DYNPATH@
 AR = @AR@
 TAR = @TAR@
 DIFF = @DIFF@
+PACKAGE_TARNAME = @PACKAGE_TARNAME@
 #INSTALL = @INSTALL@		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
-TCLTK_PATH = @TCLTK_PATH@
 
 prefix = @prefix@
 exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
@@ -19,58 +18,7 @@ gitexecdir = @libexecdir@/git-core
 datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 template_dir = @datadir@/git-core/templates
 sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
+docdir = @docdir@
 
-mandir=@mandir@
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-VPATH = @srcdir@
-
-export exec_prefix mandir
-export srcdir VPATH
-
-ASCIIDOC7=@ASCIIDOC7@
-NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=@NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO@
-NO_OPENSSL=@NO_OPENSSL@
-NO_CURL=@NO_CURL@
-NO_EXPAT=@NO_EXPAT@
-NO_LIBGEN_H=@NO_LIBGEN_H@
-HAVE_PATHS_H=@HAVE_PATHS_H@
-HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=@HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H@
-NO_GETTEXT=@NO_GETTEXT@
-LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=@LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL@
-NEEDS_LIBICONV=@NEEDS_LIBICONV@
-NEEDS_SOCKET=@NEEDS_SOCKET@
-NEEDS_RESOLV=@NEEDS_RESOLV@
-NEEDS_LIBGEN=@NEEDS_LIBGEN@
-NO_SYS_SELECT_H=@NO_SYS_SELECT_H@
-NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=@NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT@
-NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=@NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT@
-NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE=@NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE@
-NO_IPV6=@NO_IPV6@
-NO_HSTRERROR=@NO_HSTRERROR@
-NO_STRCASESTR=@NO_STRCASESTR@
-NO_STRTOK_R=@NO_STRTOK_R@
-NO_FNMATCH=@NO_FNMATCH@
-NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=@NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD@
-NO_MEMMEM=@NO_MEMMEM@
-NO_STRLCPY=@NO_STRLCPY@
-NO_UINTMAX_T=@NO_UINTMAX_T@
-NO_STRTOUMAX=@NO_STRTOUMAX@
-NO_SETENV=@NO_SETENV@
-NO_UNSETENV=@NO_UNSETENV@
-NO_MKDTEMP=@NO_MKDTEMP@
-NO_MKSTEMPS=@NO_MKSTEMPS@
-NO_INET_NTOP=@NO_INET_NTOP@
-NO_INET_PTON=@NO_INET_PTON@
-NO_ICONV=@NO_ICONV@
-OLD_ICONV=@OLD_ICONV@
-NO_REGEX=@NO_REGEX@
-USE_LIBPCRE=@USE_LIBPCRE@
-NO_DEFLATE_BOUND=@NO_DEFLATE_BOUND@
-INLINE=@INLINE@
-SOCKLEN_T=@SOCKLEN_T@
-FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=@FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES@
-SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=@SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS@
-NO_PTHREADS=@NO_PTHREADS@
-PTHREAD_CFLAGS=@PTHREAD_CFLAGS@
-PTHREAD_LIBS=@PTHREAD_LIBS@
+mandir = @mandir@
+htmldir = @htmldir@
diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a88f13989a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+# Platform specific Makefile tweaks based on uname detection
+
+uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+
+ifdef MSVC
+	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
+	uname_S := Windows
+	uname_O := Windows
+endif
+
+# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
+# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
+# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
+
+ifeq ($(uname_M),x86_64)
+	XDL_FAST_HASH = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
+	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
+	SOCKLEN_T = int
+	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME = YesPlease
+	HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC = YesPlease
+	HAVE_GETDELIM = YesPlease
+	SANE_TEXT_GREP=-a
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
+	CC = cc
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
+		CFLAGS = -O2
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
+		CC = cc
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	endif
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	# Note: $(uname_R) gives us the underlying Darwin version.
+	# - MacOS 10.0.* and MacOS 10.1.0 = Darwin 1.*
+	# - MacOS 10.x.* = Darwin (x+4).* for (1 <= x)
+	# i.e. "begins with [15678] and a dot" means "10.4.* or older".
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+		NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell test "`expr "$(uname_R)" : '\([0-9][0-9]*\)\.'`" -ge 11 && echo 1),1)
+		HAVE_GETDELIM = YesPlease
+	endif
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/precompose_utf8.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT=1
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
+		SOCKLEN_T = int
+		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
+		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
+	TAR = gtar
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
+		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+		# There are conflicting reports about this.
+		# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
+		# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
+		NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	else
+		NO_REGEX = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
+		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	endif
+	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	GMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS = UnfortunatelyYes
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),MirBSD)
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
+		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	endif
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
+	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
+		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	else
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
+		INLINE = ''
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
+	# GNU/Hurd
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
+	INLINE = __inline
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
+		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
+		INLINE =
+		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
+		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
+	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
+	pathsep = ;
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+
+	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
+	CFLAGS =
+	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE
+	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib invalidcontinue.obj
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	lib =
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT=1
+ifndef DEBUG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MD
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
+	AR += -LTCG
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MDd
+endif
+	X = .exe
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
+	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_RESOLV =
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL =
+	NO_EXPAT =
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NONSTOP_KERNEL)
+	# Needs some C99 features, "inline" is just one of them.
+	# INLINE='' would just replace one set of warnings with another and
+	# still not compile in c89 mode, due to non-const array initializations.
+	CC = cc -c99
+	# Disable all optimization, seems to result in bad code, with -O or -O2
+	# or even -O1 (default), /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-pack-objects
+	# abends on "git push". Needs more investigation.
+	CFLAGS = -g -O0
+	# We'd want it to be here.
+	prefix = /usr/local
+	# Our's are in ${prefix}/bin (perl might also be in /usr/bin/perl).
+	PERL_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/perl
+	PYTHON_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/python
+
+	# As detected by './configure'.
+	# Missdetected, hence commented out, see below.
+	#NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	# Added manually, see above.
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	# Currently libiconv-1.9.1.
+	OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = UnfortunatelyYes
+
+	# Not detected (nor checked for) by './configure'.
+	# We don't have SA_RESTART on NonStop, unfortunalety.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	# Apparently needed in compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRING_H=1
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_INTPTR_T = UnfortunatelyYes
+	# Bug report 10-120822-4477 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH = YesPlease
+	# RFE 10-120912-4693 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	NO_SETITIMER = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin:/usr/local/bin
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	# as of H06.25/J06.14, we might better use this
+	#SHELL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin/bash
+endif
+ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
+	pathsep = ;
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT=1
+	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
+	GITLIBS += git.res
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	RC = windres -O coff
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
+	htmldir = doc/git/html/
+	prefix =
+	INSTALL = /bin/install
+	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_CLFAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS
+else
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '2\.'),2)
+		# MSys2
+		prefix = /usr/
+		ifeq (MINGW32,$(MSYSTEM))
+			prefix = /mingw32
+		endif
+		ifeq (MINGW64,$(MSYSTEM))
+			prefix = /mingw64
+		else
+			COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--large-address-aware
+		endif
+		CC = gcc
+		COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=0 -DDETECT_MSYS_TTY
+		EXTLIBS += -lntdll
+		INSTALL = /bin/install
+		NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+		INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
+		HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+		NO_GETTEXT =
+		USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME = fallthrough
+		USE_LIBPCRE= YesPlease
+		NO_CURL =
+		USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	else
+		COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
+		NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),QNX)
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NO_GETPAGESIZE = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+endif
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 630dbdd19d..c279025747 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -1,65 +1,68 @@
 #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 
-AC_PREREQ(2.59)
-AC_INIT([git], [@@GIT_VERSION@@], [git@vger.kernel.org])
-
-AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([git.c])
-
-config_file=config.mak.autogen
-config_append=config.mak.append
-config_in=config.mak.in
-
-echo "# ${config_append}.  Generated by configure." > "${config_append}"
+## Definitions of private macros.
+
+# GIT_CONF_SUBST(VAL, VAR)
+# ------------------------
+# Cause the line "VAR=VAL" to be eventually appended to ${config_file}.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_SUBST],
+[AC_REQUIRE([GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT])
+config_appended_defs="$config_appended_defs${newline}dnl
+$1=m4_if([$#],[1],[${$1}],[$2])"])
+
+# GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT
+# -------------------
+# Prepare shell variables and autoconf machine required by later calls
+# to GIT_CONF_SUBST.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT],
+    [config_appended_defs=; newline='
+'
+    AC_CONFIG_COMMANDS([$config_file],
+                       [echo "$config_appended_defs" >> "$config_file"],
+                       [config_file=$config_file
+                        config_appended_defs="$config_appended_defs"])])
 
-
-## Definitions of macros
-# GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(LINE)
-# --------------------------
-# Append LINE to file ${config_append}
-AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE],
-[echo "$1" >> "${config_append}"])# GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE
-#
 # GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(PROGRAM)
 # -------------------------
 # Provide --with-PROGRAM=PATH option to set PATH to PROGRAM
 # Optional second argument allows setting NO_PROGRAM=YesPlease if
 # --without-PROGRAM version used.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_ARG_SET_PATH],
-[AC_ARG_WITH([$1],
- [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-$1=PATH],
-                 [provide PATH to $1])],
- [GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH($1,$2)],[])
-])# GIT_ARG_SET_PATH
-#
+    [AC_ARG_WITH([$1],
+        [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-$1=PATH],
+                        [provide PATH to $1])],
+        [GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH([$1], [$2])],
+        [])])
+
 # GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH(PROGRAM)
-# ------------------------------
+# -----------------------------
 # Parse --with-PROGRAM=PATH option to set PROGRAM_PATH=PATH
 # Used by GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(PROGRAM)
 # Optional second argument allows setting NO_PROGRAM=YesPlease if
 # --without-PROGRAM is used.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH],
-[PROGRAM=m4_toupper($1); \
-if test "$withval" = "no"; then \
-	if test -n "$2"; then \
-		m4_toupper($1)_PATH=$withval; \
-		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Disabling use of ${PROGRAM}]); \
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(NO_${PROGRAM}=YesPlease); \
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PROGRAM}_PATH=); \
-	else \
-		AC_MSG_ERROR([You cannot use git without $1]); \
-	fi; \
-else \
-	if test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
-		AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide path for --with-$1=PATH]); \
-	else \
-		m4_toupper($1)_PATH=$withval; \
-		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting m4_toupper($1)_PATH to $withval]); \
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PROGRAM}_PATH=$withval); \
-	fi; \
-fi; \
-]) # GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH
-#
+    [m4_pushdef([GIT_UC_PROGRAM], m4_toupper([$1]))dnl
+    if test "$withval" = "no"; then
+	if test -n "$2"; then
+		GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH=$withval
+		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Disabling use of GIT_UC_PROGRAM])
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_]GIT_UC_PROGRAM, [YesPlease])
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH, [])
+	else
+		AC_MSG_ERROR([You cannot use git without $1])
+	fi
+    else
+	if test "$withval" = "yes"; then
+		AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide path for --with-$1=PATH])
+	else
+		GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH=$withval
+		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH to $withval])
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH, [$withval])
+	fi
+    fi
+    m4_popdef([GIT_UC_PROGRAM])])
+
 # GIT_PARSE_WITH(PACKAGE)
 # -----------------------
 # For use in AC_ARG_WITH action-if-found, for packages default ON.
@@ -67,21 +70,21 @@ fi; \
 # * Set PACKAGEDIR=PATH for --with-PACKAGE=PATH
 # * Unset NO_PACKAGE for --with-PACKAGE without ARG
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_PARSE_WITH],
-[PACKAGE=m4_toupper($1); \
-if test "$withval" = "no"; then \
-	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=YesPlease; \
-elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
-	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=; \
-else \
-	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=; \
-	m4_toupper($1)DIR=$withval; \
-	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting m4_toupper($1)DIR to $withval]); \
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PACKAGE}DIR=$withval); \
-fi \
-])# GIT_PARSE_WITH
-#
+    [m4_pushdef([GIT_UC_PACKAGE], m4_toupper([$1]))dnl
+    if test "$withval" = "no"; then
+	NO_[]GIT_UC_PACKAGE=YesPlease
+    elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
+	NO_[]GIT_UC_PACKAGE=
+    else
+	NO_[]GIT_UC_PACKAGE=
+	GIT_UC_PACKAGE[]DIR=$withval
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting GIT_UC_PACKAGE[]DIR to $withval])
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PACKAGE[DIR], [$withval])
+    fi
+    m4_popdef([GIT_UC_PACKAGE])])
+
 # GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR(WITHNAME, VAR, HELP_TEXT)
-# ---------------------
+# -----------------------------------------------------
 # Set VAR to the value specied by --with-WITHNAME.
 # No verification of arguments is performed, but warnings are issued
 # if either 'yes' or 'no' is specified.
@@ -90,33 +93,32 @@ fi \
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR],
 [AC_ARG_WITH([$1],
  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-$1=VALUE], $3)],
- if test -n "$withval"; then \
-  if test "$withval" = "yes" -o "$withval" = "no"; then \
+ if test -n "$withval"; then
+  if test "$withval" = "yes" -o "$withval" = "no"; then
     AC_MSG_WARN([You likely do not want either 'yes' or 'no' as]
-		     [a value for $1 ($2).  Maybe you do...?]); \
-  fi; \
-  \
-  AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting $2 to $withval]); \
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE($2=$withval); \
+		     [a value for $1 ($2).  Maybe you do...?])
+  fi
+  AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting $2 to $withval])
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([$2], [$withval])
  fi)])# GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR
 
-dnl
-dnl GIT_CHECK_FUNC(FUNCTION, IFTRUE, IFFALSE)
-dnl -----------------------------------------
-dnl Similar to AC_CHECK_FUNC, but on systems that do not generate
-dnl warnings for missing prototypes (e.g. FreeBSD when compiling without
-dnl -Wall), it does not work.  By looking for function definition in
-dnl libraries, this problem can be worked around.
+#
+# GIT_CHECK_FUNC(FUNCTION, IFTRUE, IFFALSE)
+# -----------------------------------------
+# Similar to AC_CHECK_FUNC, but on systems that do not generate
+# warnings for missing prototypes (e.g. FreeBSD when compiling without
+# -Wall), it does not work.  By looking for function definition in
+# libraries, this problem can be worked around.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_CHECK_FUNC],[AC_CHECK_FUNC([$1],[
   AC_SEARCH_LIBS([$1],,
   [$2],[$3])
 ],[$3])])
 
-dnl
-dnl GIT_STASH_FLAGS(BASEPATH_VAR)
-dnl -----------------------------
-dnl Allow for easy stashing of LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS before running
-dnl tests that may want to take user settings into account.
+#
+# GIT_STASH_FLAGS(BASEPATH_VAR)
+# -----------------------------
+# Allow for easy stashing of LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS before running
+# tests that may want to take user settings into account.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_STASH_FLAGS],[
 if test -n "$1"; then
    old_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
@@ -137,6 +139,35 @@ if test -n "$1"; then
 fi
 ])
 
+## Configure body starts here.
+
+AC_PREREQ(2.59)
+AC_INIT([git], [@@GIT_VERSION@@], [git@vger.kernel.org])
+
+AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([git.c])
+
+config_file=config.mak.autogen
+config_in=config.mak.in
+
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([AUTOCONFIGURED], [YesPlease])
+
+# Directories holding "saner" versions of common or POSIX binaries.
+AC_ARG_WITH([sane-tool-path],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING(
+    [--with-sane-tool-path=DIR-1[[:DIR-2...:DIR-n]]],
+    [Directories to prepend to PATH in build system and generated scripts])],
+  [if test "$withval" = "no"; then
+    withval=''
+  else
+    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting SANE_TOOL_PATH to '$withval'])
+  fi
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([SANE_TOOL_PATH], [$withval])],
+  [# If the "--with-sane-tool-path" option was not given, don't touch
+   # SANE_TOOL_PATH here, but let defaults in Makefile take care of it.
+   # This should minimize spurious differences in the behaviour of the
+   # Git build system when configure is used w.r.t. when it is not.
+   :])
+
 ## Site configuration related to programs (before tests)
 ## --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] and --without-PACKAGE
 #
@@ -144,14 +175,13 @@ fi
 AC_ARG_WITH([lib],
  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-lib=ARG],
                  [ARG specifies alternative name for lib directory])],
- [if test "$withval" = "no" || test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
-	AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide name for --with-lib=ARG]); \
-else \
-	lib=$withval; \
-	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to '$lib']); \
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(lib=$withval); \
-fi; \
-],[])
+ [if test "$withval" = "no" || test "$withval" = "yes"; then
+	AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide name for --with-lib=ARG])
+  else
+	lib=$withval
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to '$lib'])
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([lib])
+  fi])
 
 if test -z "$lib"; then
    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to 'lib' (the default)])
@@ -163,7 +193,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([pthreads],
   [FLAGS is the value to pass to the compiler to enable POSIX Threads.]
   [The default if FLAGS is not specified is to try first -pthread]
   [and then -lpthread.]
-  [--without-pthreads will disable threading.])],
+  [--disable-pthreads will disable threading.])],
 [
 if test "x$enableval" = "xyes"; then
    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Will try -pthread then -lpthread to enable POSIX Threads])
@@ -186,7 +216,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([jsmin],
 [
   JSMIN=$enableval;
   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting JSMIN to '$JSMIN' to enable JavaScript minifying])
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(JSMIN=$enableval);
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([JSMIN])
 ])
 
 # Define option to enable CSS minification
@@ -196,7 +226,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([cssmin],
 [
   CSSMIN=$enableval;
   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting CSSMIN to '$CSSMIN' to enable CSS minifying])
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(CSSMIN=$enableval);
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([CSSMIN])
 ])
 
 ## Site configuration (override autodetection)
@@ -217,9 +247,9 @@ AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for site configuration])
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 AC_ARG_WITH(openssl,
 AS_HELP_STRING([--with-openssl],[use OpenSSL library (default is YES)])
-AS_HELP_STRING([],              [ARG can be prefix for openssl library and headers]),\
-GIT_PARSE_WITH(openssl))
-#
+AS_HELP_STRING([],              [ARG can be prefix for openssl library and headers]),
+GIT_PARSE_WITH([openssl]))
+
 # Define USE_LIBPCRE if you have and want to use libpcre. git-grep will be
 # able to use Perl-compatible regular expressions.
 #
@@ -229,17 +259,26 @@ GIT_PARSE_WITH(openssl))
 AC_ARG_WITH(libpcre,
 AS_HELP_STRING([--with-libpcre],[support Perl-compatible regexes (default is NO)])
 AS_HELP_STRING([],           [ARG can be also prefix for libpcre library and headers]),
-if test "$withval" = "no"; then \
-	USE_LIBPCRE=; \
-elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
-	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease; \
-else
-	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease; \
-	LIBPCREDIR=$withval; \
-	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting LIBPCREDIR to $withval]); \
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(LIBPCREDIR=$withval); \
-fi \
-)
+    if test "$withval" = "no"; then
+	USE_LIBPCRE=
+    elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
+	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease
+    else
+	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease
+	LIBPCREDIR=$withval
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting LIBPCREDIR to $LIBPCREDIR])
+        dnl USE_LIBPCRE can still be modified below, so don't substitute
+        dnl it yet.
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([LIBPCREDIR])
+    fi)
+#
+# Define HAVE_ALLOCA_H if you have working alloca(3) defined in that header.
+AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
+case $ac_cv_working_alloca_h in
+    yes)    HAVE_ALLOCA_H=YesPlease;;
+    *)      HAVE_ALLOCA_H='';;
+esac
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_ALLOCA_H])
 #
 # Define NO_CURL if you do not have curl installed.  git-http-pull and
 # git-http-push are not built, and you cannot use http:// and https://
@@ -347,7 +386,7 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(tcltk,
 AS_HELP_STRING([--with-tcltk],[use Tcl/Tk GUI (default is YES)])
 AS_HELP_STRING([],[ARG is the full path to the Tcl/Tk interpreter.])
 AS_HELP_STRING([],[Bare --with-tcltk will make the GUI part only if])
-AS_HELP_STRING([],[Tcl/Tk interpreter will be found in a system.]),\
+AS_HELP_STRING([],[Tcl/Tk interpreter will be found in a system.]),
 GIT_PARSE_WITH(tcltk))
 #
 
@@ -358,9 +397,10 @@ AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for programs])
 AC_PROG_CC([cc gcc])
 AC_C_INLINE
 case $ac_cv_c_inline in
-  inline | yes | no)	;;
-  *)			AC_SUBST([INLINE], [$ac_cv_c_inline]) ;;
+  inline | yes | no) INLINE='';;
+  *)                 INLINE=$ac_cv_c_inline ;;
 esac
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([INLINE])
 
 # which switch to pass runtime path to dynamic libraries to the linker
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -R], git_cv_ld_dashr, [
@@ -370,7 +410,7 @@ AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -R], git_cv_ld_dashr, [
    LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
 ])
 if test "$git_cv_ld_dashr" = "yes"; then
-   AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-R])
+   CC_LD_DYNPATH=-R
 else
    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -Wl,-rpath,], git_cv_ld_wl_rpath, [
       SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
@@ -379,7 +419,7 @@ else
       LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
    ])
    if test "$git_cv_ld_wl_rpath" = "yes"; then
-      AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-Wl,-rpath,])
+      CC_LD_DYNPATH=-Wl,-rpath,
    else
       AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -rpath], git_cv_ld_rpath, [
          SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
@@ -388,53 +428,56 @@ else
          LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
       ])
       if test "$git_cv_ld_rpath" = "yes"; then
-         AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-rpath])
+         CC_LD_DYNPATH=-rpath
       else
+         CC_LD_DYNPATH=
          AC_MSG_WARN([linker does not support runtime path to dynamic libraries])
       fi
    fi
 fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([CC_LD_DYNPATH])
 #AC_PROG_INSTALL		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
 AC_CHECK_TOOLS(AR, [gar ar], :)
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(TAR, [gtar tar])
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(DIFF, [gnudiff gdiff diff])
 # TCLTK_PATH will be set to some value if we want Tcl/Tk
 # or will be empty otherwise.
-if test -z "$NO_TCLTK"; then
+if test -n "$NO_TCLTK"; then
+  TCLTK_PATH=
+else
   if test "$with_tcltk" = ""; then
   # No Tcl/Tk switches given. Do not check for Tcl/Tk, use bare 'wish'.
     TCLTK_PATH=wish
-    AC_SUBST(TCLTK_PATH)
   elif test "$with_tcltk" = "yes"; then
   # Tcl/Tk check requested.
     AC_CHECK_PROGS(TCLTK_PATH, [wish], )
   else
     AC_MSG_RESULT([Using Tcl/Tk interpreter $with_tcltk])
     TCLTK_PATH="$with_tcltk"
-    AC_SUBST(TCLTK_PATH)
   fi
 fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([TCLTK_PATH])
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(ASCIIDOC, [asciidoc])
 if test -n "$ASCIIDOC"; then
 	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for asciidoc version])
 	asciidoc_version=`$ASCIIDOC --version 2>/dev/null`
 	case "${asciidoc_version}" in
-	asciidoc' '7*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=YesPlease
-		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} > 7])
-		;;
 	asciidoc' '8*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version}])
 		;;
 	*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} (unknown)])
 		;;
 	esac
 fi
-AC_SUBST(ASCIIDOC7)
 
+if grep -a ascii configure.ac >/dev/null; then
+  AC_MSG_RESULT([Using 'grep -a' for sane_grep])
+  SANE_TEXT_GREP=-a
+else
+  SANE_TEXT_GREP=
+fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([SANE_TEXT_GREP])
 
 ## Checks for libraries.
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for libraries])
@@ -447,13 +490,13 @@ GIT_STASH_FLAGS($OPENSSLDIR)
 AC_CHECK_LIB([crypto], [SHA1_Init],
 [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=],
 [AC_CHECK_LIB([ssl], [SHA1_Init],
- [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=YesPlease],
- [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO= NO_OPENSSL=YesPlease])])
+ [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=YesPlease NO_OPENSSL=],
+ [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=          NO_OPENSSL=YesPlease])])
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($OPENSSLDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO)
-AC_SUBST(NO_OPENSSL)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_OPENSSL])
 
 #
 # Define USE_LIBPCRE if you have and want to use libpcre. git-grep will be
@@ -470,7 +513,7 @@ AC_CHECK_LIB([pcre], [pcre_version],
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($LIBPCREDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(USE_LIBPCRE)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([USE_LIBPCRE])
 
 fi
 
@@ -485,9 +528,32 @@ AC_CHECK_LIB([curl], [curl_global_init],
 [NO_CURL=],
 [NO_CURL=YesPlease])
 
+if test -z "${NO_CURL}" && test -z "${NO_OPENSSL}"; then
+
+AC_CHECK_LIB([curl], [Curl_ssl_init],
+[NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL=YesPlease],
+[NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL=])
+
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL])
+
+fi
+
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($CURLDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_CURL)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_CURL])
+
+if test -z "$NO_CURL"; then
+
+AC_CHECK_PROG([CURL_CONFIG], [curl-config],
+[curl-config],
+[no])
+
+if test $CURL_CONFIG != no; then
+    GIT_CONF_SUBST([CURL_CONFIG])
+fi
+
+fi
+
 
 #
 # Define NO_EXPAT if you do not have expat installed.  git-http-push is
@@ -501,7 +567,7 @@ AC_CHECK_LIB([expat], [XML_ParserCreate],
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($EXPATDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_EXPAT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_EXPAT])
 
 #
 # Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin and
@@ -547,8 +613,8 @@ LIBS="$old_LIBS"
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_LIBICONV)
-AC_SUBST(NO_ICONV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_LIBICONV])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_ICONV])
 
 if test -n "$NO_ICONV"; then
     NEEDS_LIBICONV=
@@ -575,7 +641,7 @@ LIBS="$old_LIBS"
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ZLIB_PATH)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_DEFLATE_BOUND)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_DEFLATE_BOUND])
 
 #
 # Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
@@ -583,7 +649,7 @@ AC_SUBST(NO_DEFLATE_BOUND)
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [socket],
 [NEEDS_SOCKET=],
 [NEEDS_SOCKET=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_SOCKET)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_SOCKET])
 test -n "$NEEDS_SOCKET" && LIBS="$LIBS -lsocket"
 
 #
@@ -591,40 +657,43 @@ test -n "$NEEDS_SOCKET" && LIBS="$LIBS -lsocket"
 # libresolv provides some of the functions we would normally get
 # from libc.
 NEEDS_RESOLV=
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_RESOLV)
 #
 # Define NO_INET_NTOP if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.7 in particular hos inet_ntop in -lresolv.
 NO_INET_NTOP=
-AC_SUBST(NO_INET_NTOP)
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([inet_ntop],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [inet_ntop],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_INET_NTOP=YesPlease])
 ])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INET_NTOP])
 #
 # Define NO_INET_PTON if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.7 in particular hos inet_pton in -lresolv.
 NO_INET_PTON=
-AC_SUBST(NO_INET_PTON)
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([inet_pton],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [inet_pton],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_INET_PTON=YesPlease])
 ])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INET_PTON])
 #
 # Define NO_HSTRERROR if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.6 in particular has no hstrerror, even in -lresolv.
 NO_HSTRERROR=
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([hstrerror],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [hstrerror],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_HSTRERROR=YesPlease])
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_HSTRERROR)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_HSTRERROR])
+
+dnl This must go after all the possible places for its initialization,
+dnl in the AC_CHECK_FUNC invocations above.
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_RESOLV])
 #
 # If any of the above tests determined that -lresolv is needed at
 # build-time, also set it here for remaining configure-time checks.
@@ -633,14 +702,25 @@ test -n "$NEEDS_RESOLV" && LIBS="$LIBS -lresolv"
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [basename],
 [NEEDS_LIBGEN=],
 [NEEDS_LIBGEN=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_LIBGEN)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_LIBGEN])
 test -n "$NEEDS_LIBGEN" && LIBS="$LIBS -lgen"
 
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [gettext],
 [LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=YesPlease],
 [LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=])
-AC_SUBST(LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL)
-test -n "$LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL" || LIBS="$LIBS -lintl"
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL])
+
+#
+# Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
+# A translated Git requires GNU libintl or another gettext implementation
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([libintl.h],
+[NO_GETTEXT=],
+[NO_GETTEXT=YesPlease])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_GETTEXT])
+
+if test -z "$NO_GETTEXT"; then
+    test -n "$LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL" || LIBS="$LIBS -lintl"
+fi
 
 ## Checks for header files.
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for header files])
@@ -649,19 +729,19 @@ AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for header files])
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([sys/select.h],
 [NO_SYS_SELECT_H=],
 [NO_SYS_SELECT_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_SELECT_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SYS_SELECT_H])
 #
 # Define NO_SYS_POLL_H if you don't have sys/poll.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([sys/poll.h],
 [NO_SYS_POLL_H=],
 [NO_SYS_POLL_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_POLL_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SYS_POLL_H])
 #
 # Define NO_INTTYPES_H if you don't have inttypes.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([inttypes.h],
 [NO_INTTYPES_H=],
 [NO_INTTYPES_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_INTTYPES_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INTTYPES_H])
 #
 # Define OLD_ICONV if your library has an old iconv(), where the second
 # (input buffer pointer) parameter is declared with type (const char **).
@@ -684,23 +764,38 @@ AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([OLDICONVTEST_SRC],
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(OLD_ICONV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([OLD_ICONV])
 
 ## Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics])
 #
 TYPE_SOCKLEN_T
 case $ac_cv_type_socklen_t in
-  yes)	;;
-  *)  	AC_SUBST([SOCKLEN_T], [$git_cv_socklen_t_equiv]) ;;
+  yes)	SOCKLEN_T='';;
+  *)  	SOCKLEN_T=$git_cv_socklen_t_equiv;;
 esac
-
-# Define NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT if you don't have d_ino in your struct dirent.
-AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct dirent.d_ino,
-[NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=],
-[NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=YesPlease],
-[#include <dirent.h>])
-AC_SUBST(NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([SOCKLEN_T])
+
+#
+# Define NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL if you don't have struct itimerval.
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct itimerval],
+[NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL=],
+[NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL=UnfortunatelyYes],
+[#include <sys/time.h>])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL])
+#
+# Define USE_ST_TIMESPEC=YesPlease when stat.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec exists.
+# Define NO_NSEC=YesPlease when neither stat.st_mtim.tv_nsec nor
+# stat.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec exists.
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER([struct stat.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER([struct stat.st_mtim.tv_nsec])
+if test x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_mtimespec_tv_nsec = xyes; then
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC=YesPlease
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([USE_ST_TIMESPEC])
+elif test x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_mtim_tv_nsec != xyes; then
+	NO_NSEC=YesPlease
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_NSEC])
+fi
 #
 # Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
 # d_type in struct dirent (latest Cygwin -- will be fixed soonish).
@@ -708,7 +803,15 @@ AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct dirent.d_type,
 [NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=],
 [NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=YesPlease],
 [#include <dirent.h>])
-AC_SUBST(NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT])
+#
+# Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
+# in the C library.
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct passwd.pw_gecos,
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=],
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=YesPlease],
+[#include <pwd.h>])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT])
 #
 # Define NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE if your platform does not have struct
 # sockaddr_storage.
@@ -718,7 +821,7 @@ AC_CHECK_TYPE(struct sockaddr_storage,
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE])
 #
 # Define NO_IPV6 if you lack IPv6 support and getaddrinfo().
 AC_CHECK_TYPE([struct addrinfo],[
@@ -730,7 +833,7 @@ AC_CHECK_TYPE([struct addrinfo],[
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_IPV6)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_IPV6])
 #
 # Define NO_REGEX if you have no or inferior regex support in your C library.
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the platform regex can handle null bytes],
@@ -751,7 +854,7 @@ if test $ac_cv_c_excellent_regex = yes; then
 else
 	NO_REGEX=YesPlease
 fi
-AC_SUBST(NO_REGEX)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_REGEX])
 #
 # Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if your are on a system which succeeds
 # when attempting to read from an fopen'ed directory.
@@ -771,7 +874,7 @@ if test $ac_cv_fread_reads_directories = yes; then
 else
 	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=
 fi
-AC_SUBST(FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES])
 #
 # Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if your are on a system which snprintf()
 # or vsnprintf() return -1 instead of number of characters which would
@@ -805,7 +908,30 @@ if test $ac_cv_snprintf_returns_bogus = yes; then
 else
 	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=
 fi
-AC_SUBST(SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS])
+#
+# Define NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION if your OS strays from the typical file type
+# bits in mode values.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the platform uses typical file type bits],
+ [ac_cv_sane_mode_bits], [
+AC_EGREP_CPP(yippeeyeswehaveit,
+	AC_LANG_PROGRAM([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT],
+[#if S_IFMT == 0170000 && \
+	S_IFREG == 0100000 && S_IFDIR == 0040000 && S_IFLNK == 0120000 && \
+	S_IFBLK == 0060000 && S_IFCHR == 0020000 && \
+	S_IFIFO == 0010000 && S_IFSOCK == 0140000
+yippeeyeswehaveit
+#endif
+]),
+	[ac_cv_sane_mode_bits=yes],
+	[ac_cv_sane_mode_bits=no])
+])
+if test $ac_cv_sane_mode_bits = yes; then
+	NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION=
+else
+	NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION=UnfortunatelyYes
+fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION])
 
 
 ## Checks for library functions.
@@ -816,78 +942,79 @@ AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for library functions])
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([libgen.h],
 [NO_LIBGEN_H=],
 [NO_LIBGEN_H=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_LIBGEN_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_LIBGEN_H])
 #
 # Define HAVE_PATHS_H if you have paths.h.
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([paths.h],
 [HAVE_PATHS_H=YesPlease],
 [HAVE_PATHS_H=])
-AC_SUBST(HAVE_PATHS_H)
-#
-# Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
-# A translated Git requires GNU libintl or another gettext implementation
-AC_CHECK_HEADER([libintl.h],
-[NO_GETTEXT=],
-[NO_GETTEXT=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_GETTEXT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_PATHS_H])
 #
 # Define HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H if have libcharset.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([libcharset.h],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=YesPlease],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=])
-AC_SUBST(HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H])
+#
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([strings.h],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=YesPlease],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_STRINGS_H])
+# Define CHARSET_LIB if libiconv does not export the locale_charset symbol
+# and libcharset does
+CHARSET_LIB=
+AC_CHECK_LIB([iconv], [locale_charset],
+       [CHARSET_LIB=-liconv],
+       [AC_CHECK_LIB([charset], [locale_charset],
+                     [CHARSET_LIB=-lcharset])])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([CHARSET_LIB])
+#
+# Define HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME=YesPlease if clock_gettime is available.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(clock_gettime,
+	[HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME=YesPlease],
+	[HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME])
+
+AC_DEFUN([CLOCK_MONOTONIC_SRC], [
+AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <time.h>
+clockid_t id = CLOCK_MONOTONIC;
+]])])
+
+#
+# Define HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC=YesPlease if CLOCK_MONOTONIC is available.
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for CLOCK_MONOTONIC])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([CLOCK_MONOTONIC_SRC],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC=YesPlease],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC])
+#
+# Define NO_SETITIMER if you don't have setitimer.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(setitimer,
+[NO_SETITIMER=],
+[NO_SETITIMER=YesPlease])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SETITIMER])
 #
 # Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strcasestr,
 [NO_STRCASESTR=],
 [NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRCASESTR)
-#
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r
-GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtok_r,
-[NO_STRTOK_R=],
-[NO_STRTOK_R=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRTOK_R)
-#
-# Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch
-GIT_CHECK_FUNC(fnmatch,
-[NO_FNMATCH=],
-[NO_FNMATCH=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_FNMATCH)
-#
-# Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
-# FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the fnmatch function supports the FNMATCH_CASEFOLD GNU extension],
- [ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch], [
-AC_EGREP_CPP(yippeeyeswehaveit,
-	AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
-#include <fnmatch.h>
-],
-[#ifdef FNM_CASEFOLD
-yippeeyeswehaveit
-#endif
-]),
-	[ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch=yes],
-	[ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch=no])
-])
-if test $ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch = yes; then
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=
-else
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=YesPlease
-fi
-AC_SUBST(NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRCASESTR])
 #
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(memmem,
 [NO_MEMMEM=],
 [NO_MEMMEM=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MEMMEM)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MEMMEM])
 #
 # Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strlcpy,
 [NO_STRLCPY=],
 [NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRLCPY)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRLCPY])
 #
 # Define NO_UINTMAX_T if your platform does not have uintmax_t
 AC_CHECK_TYPE(uintmax_t,
@@ -895,49 +1022,78 @@ AC_CHECK_TYPE(uintmax_t,
 [NO_UINTMAX_T=YesPlease],[
 #include <inttypes.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_UINTMAX_T)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_UINTMAX_T])
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have strtoumax in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtoumax,
 [NO_STRTOUMAX=],
 [NO_STRTOUMAX=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRTOUMAX)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRTOUMAX])
 #
 # Define NO_SETENV if you don't have setenv in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(setenv,
 [NO_SETENV=],
 [NO_SETENV=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SETENV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SETENV])
 #
 # Define NO_UNSETENV if you don't have unsetenv in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(unsetenv,
 [NO_UNSETENV=],
 [NO_UNSETENV=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_UNSETENV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_UNSETENV])
 #
 # Define NO_MKDTEMP if you don't have mkdtemp in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(mkdtemp,
 [NO_MKDTEMP=],
 [NO_MKDTEMP=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MKDTEMP)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MKDTEMP])
 #
 # Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(mkstemps,
 [NO_MKSTEMPS=],
 [NO_MKSTEMPS=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MKSTEMPS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MKSTEMPS])
 #
 # Define NO_INITGROUPS if you don't have initgroups in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(initgroups,
 [NO_INITGROUPS=],
 [NO_INITGROUPS=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_INITGROUPS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INITGROUPS])
+#
+# Define HAVE_GETDELIM if you have getdelim in the C library.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(getdelim,
+[HAVE_GETDELIM=YesPlease],
+[HAVE_GETDELIM=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_GETDELIM])
 #
 #
 # Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
 #
 # Define NO_ICONV if your libc does not properly support iconv.
 
+AC_DEFUN([BSD_SYSCTL_SRC], [
+AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+]],[[
+int val, mib[2];
+size_t len;
+mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+mib[1] = 1;
+len = sizeof(val);
+return sysctl(mib, 2, &val, &len, NULL, 0) ? 1 : 0;
+]])])
+
+#
+# Define HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL=YesPlease if a BSD-compatible sysctl function is available.
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for BSD sysctl])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([BSD_SYSCTL_SRC],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL=YesPlease],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL])
 
 ## Other checks.
 # Define USE_PIC if you need the main git objects to be built with -fPIC
@@ -977,10 +1133,25 @@ if test -n "$USER_NOPTHREAD"; then
 # -D_REENTRANT' or some such.
 elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
   threads_found=no
-  for opt in -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
+  # Attempt to compile and link some code using pthreads to determine
+  # required linker flags. The order is somewhat important here: We
+  # first try it without any extra flags, to catch systems where
+  # pthreads are part of the C library, then go on testing various other
+  # flags. We do so to avoid false positives. For example, on Mac OS X
+  # pthreads are part of the C library; moreover, the compiler allows us
+  # to add "-mt" to the CFLAGS (although it will do nothing except
+  # trigger a warning about an unused flag). Hence if we checked for
+  # "-mt" before "" we would end up picking it. But unfortunately this
+  # would then trigger compiler warnings on every single file we compile.
+  for opt in "" -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
      old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
-     CFLAGS="$opt $CFLAGS"
-     AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
+     old_LIBS="$LIBS"
+     case "$opt" in
+        -l*)  LIBS="$opt $LIBS" ;;
+        *)    CFLAGS="$opt $CFLAGS" ;;
+     esac
+
+     AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
      AC_LINK_IFELSE([PTHREADTEST_SRC],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
 		NO_PTHREADS=
@@ -991,6 +1162,7 @@ elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
 	],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
       CFLAGS="$old_CFLAGS"
+      LIBS="$old_LIBS"
   done
   if test $threads_found != yes; then
     AC_CHECK_LIB([pthread], [pthread_create],
@@ -1000,7 +1172,7 @@ elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
 else
   old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
   CFLAGS="$PTHREAD_CFLAGS $CFLAGS"
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
   AC_LINK_IFELSE([PTHREADTEST_SRC],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
 		NO_PTHREADS=
@@ -1013,14 +1185,10 @@ fi
 
 CFLAGS="$old_CFLAGS"
 
-AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)
-AC_SUBST(NO_PTHREADS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([PTHREAD_CFLAGS])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([PTHREAD_LIBS])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_PTHREADS])
 
 ## Output files
-AC_CONFIG_FILES(["${config_file}":"${config_in}":"${config_append}"])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES(["${config_file}":"${config_in}"])
 AC_OUTPUT
-
-
-## Cleanup
-rm -f "${config_append}"
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
index 2ea5c3c0fb..c53f3f1c55 100644
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -5,32 +5,33 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "transport.h"
 
 static char *server_capabilities;
+static const char *parse_feature_value(const char *, const char *, int *);
 
-static int check_ref(const char *name, int len, unsigned int flags)
+static int check_ref(const char *name, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	if (!flags)
 		return 1;
 
-	if (len < 5 || memcmp(name, "refs/", 5))
+	if (!skip_prefix(name, "refs/", &name))
 		return 0;
 
-	/* Skip the "refs/" part */
-	name += 5;
-	len -= 5;
-
 	/* REF_NORMAL means that we don't want the magic fake tag refs */
 	if ((flags & REF_NORMAL) && check_refname_format(name, 0))
 		return 0;
 
 	/* REF_HEADS means that we want regular branch heads */
-	if ((flags & REF_HEADS) && !memcmp(name, "heads/", 6))
+	if ((flags & REF_HEADS) && starts_with(name, "heads/"))
 		return 1;
 
 	/* REF_TAGS means that we want tags */
-	if ((flags & REF_TAGS) && !memcmp(name, "tags/", 5))
+	if ((flags & REF_TAGS) && starts_with(name, "tags/"))
 		return 1;
 
 	/* All type bits clear means that we are ok with anything */
@@ -39,115 +40,282 @@ static int check_ref(const char *name, int len, unsigned int flags)
 
 int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags)
 {
-	return check_ref(ref->name, strlen(ref->name), flags);
+	return check_ref(ref->name, flags);
+}
+
+static void die_initial_contact(int got_at_least_one_head)
+{
+	if (got_at_least_one_head)
+		die("The remote end hung up upon initial contact");
+	else
+		die("Could not read from remote repository.\n\n"
+		    "Please make sure you have the correct access rights\n"
+		    "and the repository exists.");
 }
 
-static void add_extra_have(struct extra_have_objects *extra, unsigned char *sha1)
+static void parse_one_symref_info(struct string_list *symref, const char *val, int len)
 {
-	ALLOC_GROW(extra->array, extra->nr + 1, extra->alloc);
-	hashcpy(&(extra->array[extra->nr][0]), sha1);
-	extra->nr++;
+	char *sym, *target;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!len)
+		return; /* just "symref" */
+	/* e.g. "symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master" */
+	sym = xmemdupz(val, len);
+	target = strchr(sym, ':');
+	if (!target)
+		/* just "symref=something" */
+		goto reject;
+	*(target++) = '\0';
+	if (check_refname_format(sym, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL) ||
+	    check_refname_format(target, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		/* "symref=bogus:pair */
+		goto reject;
+	item = string_list_append(symref, sym);
+	item->util = target;
+	return;
+reject:
+	free(sym);
+	return;
+}
+
+static void annotate_refs_with_symref_info(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct string_list symref = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	const char *feature_list = server_capabilities;
+
+	while (feature_list) {
+		int len;
+		const char *val;
+
+		val = parse_feature_value(feature_list, "symref", &len);
+		if (!val)
+			break;
+		parse_one_symref_info(&symref, val, len);
+		feature_list = val + 1;
+	}
+	string_list_sort(&symref);
+
+	for (; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		item = string_list_lookup(&symref, ref->name);
+		if (!item)
+			continue;
+		ref->symref = xstrdup((char *)item->util);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&symref, 0);
 }
 
 /*
  * Read all the refs from the other end
  */
-struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
-			      unsigned int flags,
-			      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
+struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+			      struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
+			      struct sha1_array *extra_have,
+			      struct sha1_array *shallow_points)
 {
+	struct ref **orig_list = list;
+	int got_at_least_one_head = 0;
+
 	*list = NULL;
 	for (;;) {
 		struct ref *ref;
-		unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-		static char buffer[1000];
+		struct object_id old_oid;
 		char *name;
 		int len, name_len;
+		char *buffer = packet_buffer;
+		const char *arg;
+
+		len = packet_read(in, &src_buf, &src_len,
+				  packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+				  PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF |
+				  PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
+		if (len < 0)
+			die_initial_contact(got_at_least_one_head);
 
-		len = packet_read_line(in, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 		if (!len)
 			break;
-		if (buffer[len-1] == '\n')
-			buffer[--len] = 0;
 
-		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buffer, "ERR "))
-			die("remote error: %s", buffer + 4);
+		if (len > 4 && skip_prefix(buffer, "ERR ", &arg))
+			die("remote error: %s", arg);
+
+		if (len == GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + strlen("shallow ") &&
+			skip_prefix(buffer, "shallow ", &arg)) {
+			if (get_oid_hex(arg, &old_oid))
+				die("protocol error: expected shallow sha-1, got '%s'", arg);
+			if (!shallow_points)
+				die("repository on the other end cannot be shallow");
+			sha1_array_append(shallow_points, old_oid.hash);
+			continue;
+		}
 
-		if (len < 42 || get_sha1_hex(buffer, old_sha1) || buffer[40] != ' ')
+		if (len < GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 2 || get_oid_hex(buffer, &old_oid) ||
+			buffer[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ] != ' ')
 			die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got '%s'", buffer);
-		name = buffer + 41;
+		name = buffer + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1;
 
 		name_len = strlen(name);
-		if (len != name_len + 41) {
+		if (len != name_len + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1) {
 			free(server_capabilities);
 			server_capabilities = xstrdup(name + name_len + 1);
 		}
 
-		if (extra_have &&
-		    name_len == 5 && !memcmp(".have", name, 5)) {
-			add_extra_have(extra_have, old_sha1);
+		if (extra_have && !strcmp(name, ".have")) {
+			sha1_array_append(extra_have, old_oid.hash);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!check_ref(name, name_len, flags))
+		if (!check_ref(name, flags))
 			continue;
-		ref = alloc_ref(buffer + 41);
-		hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+		ref = alloc_ref(buffer + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1);
+		oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &old_oid);
 		*list = ref;
 		list = &ref->next;
+		got_at_least_one_head = 1;
 	}
+
+	annotate_refs_with_symref_info(*orig_list);
+
 	return list;
 }
 
+static const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *lenp)
+{
+	int len;
+
+	if (!feature_list)
+		return NULL;
+
+	len = strlen(feature);
+	while (*feature_list) {
+		const char *found = strstr(feature_list, feature);
+		if (!found)
+			return NULL;
+		if (feature_list == found || isspace(found[-1])) {
+			const char *value = found + len;
+			/* feature with no value (e.g., "thin-pack") */
+			if (!*value || isspace(*value)) {
+				if (lenp)
+					*lenp = 0;
+				return value;
+			}
+			/* feature with a value (e.g., "agent=git/1.2.3") */
+			else if (*value == '=') {
+				value++;
+				if (lenp)
+					*lenp = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
+				return value;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * otherwise we matched a substring of another feature;
+			 * keep looking
+			 */
+		}
+		feature_list = found + 1;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int parse_feature_request(const char *feature_list, const char *feature)
+{
+	return !!parse_feature_value(feature_list, feature, NULL);
+}
+
+const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len)
+{
+	return parse_feature_value(server_capabilities, feature, len);
+}
+
 int server_supports(const char *feature)
 {
-	return server_capabilities &&
-		strstr(server_capabilities, feature) != NULL;
+	return !!server_feature_value(feature, NULL);
 }
 
 enum protocol {
 	PROTO_LOCAL = 1,
+	PROTO_FILE,
 	PROTO_SSH,
 	PROTO_GIT
 };
 
+int url_is_local_not_ssh(const char *url)
+{
+	const char *colon = strchr(url, ':');
+	const char *slash = strchr(url, '/');
+	return !colon || (slash && slash < colon) ||
+		has_dos_drive_prefix(url);
+}
+
+static const char *prot_name(enum protocol protocol)
+{
+	switch (protocol) {
+		case PROTO_LOCAL:
+		case PROTO_FILE:
+			return "file";
+		case PROTO_SSH:
+			return "ssh";
+		case PROTO_GIT:
+			return "git";
+		default:
+			return "unknown protocol";
+	}
+}
+
 static enum protocol get_protocol(const char *name)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh"))
 		return PROTO_SSH;
 	if (!strcmp(name, "git"))
 		return PROTO_GIT;
-	if (!strcmp(name, "git+ssh"))
+	if (!strcmp(name, "git+ssh")) /* deprecated - do not use */
 		return PROTO_SSH;
-	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh+git"))
+	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh+git")) /* deprecated - do not use */
 		return PROTO_SSH;
 	if (!strcmp(name, "file"))
-		return PROTO_LOCAL;
+		return PROTO_FILE;
 	die("I don't handle protocol '%s'", name);
 }
 
+static char *host_end(char **hoststart, int removebrackets)
+{
+	char *host = *hoststart;
+	char *end;
+	char *start = strstr(host, "@[");
+	if (start)
+		start++; /* Jump over '@' */
+	else
+		start = host;
+	if (start[0] == '[') {
+		end = strchr(start + 1, ']');
+		if (end) {
+			if (removebrackets) {
+				*end = 0;
+				memmove(start, start + 1, end - start);
+				end++;
+			}
+		} else
+			end = host;
+	} else
+		end = host;
+	return end;
+}
+
 #define STR_(s)	# s
 #define STR(s)	STR_(s)
 
 static void get_host_and_port(char **host, const char **port)
 {
 	char *colon, *end;
-
-	if (*host[0] == '[') {
-		end = strchr(*host + 1, ']');
-		if (end) {
-			*end = 0;
-			end++;
-			(*host)++;
-		} else
-			end = *host;
-	} else
-		end = *host;
+	end = host_end(host, 1);
 	colon = strchr(end, ':');
-
 	if (colon) {
-		*colon = 0;
-		*port = colon + 1;
+		long portnr = strtol(colon + 1, &end, 10);
+		if (end != colon + 1 && *end == '\0' && 0 <= portnr && portnr < 65536) {
+			*colon = 0;
+			*port = colon + 1;
+		} else if (!colon[1]) {
+			*colon = 0;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -167,7 +335,7 @@ static const char *ai_name(const struct addrinfo *ai)
 	static char addr[NI_MAXHOST];
 	if (getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen, addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, 0,
 			NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
-		strcpy(addr, "(unknown)");
+		xsnprintf(addr, sizeof(addr), "(unknown)");
 
 	return addr;
 }
@@ -189,6 +357,10 @@ static int git_tcp_connect_sock(char *host, int flags)
 		port = "<none>";
 
 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+	if (flags & CONNECT_IPV4)
+		hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
+	else if (flags & CONNECT_IPV6)
+		hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
 	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
 
@@ -381,29 +553,24 @@ static int git_use_proxy(const char *host)
 static struct child_process *git_proxy_connect(int fd[2], char *host)
 {
 	const char *port = STR(DEFAULT_GIT_PORT);
-	const char **argv;
 	struct child_process *proxy;
 
 	get_host_and_port(&host, &port);
 
-	argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * 4);
-	argv[0] = git_proxy_command;
-	argv[1] = host;
-	argv[2] = port;
-	argv[3] = NULL;
-	proxy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*proxy));
-	proxy->argv = argv;
+	proxy = xmalloc(sizeof(*proxy));
+	child_process_init(proxy);
+	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, git_proxy_command);
+	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, host);
+	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, port);
 	proxy->in = -1;
 	proxy->out = -1;
 	if (start_command(proxy))
-		die("cannot start proxy %s", argv[0]);
+		die("cannot start proxy %s", git_proxy_command);
 	fd[0] = proxy->out; /* read from proxy stdout */
 	fd[1] = proxy->in;  /* write to proxy stdin */
 	return proxy;
 }
 
-#define MAX_CMD_LEN 1024
-
 static char *get_port(char *host)
 {
 	char *end;
@@ -420,37 +587,18 @@ static char *get_port(char *host)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct child_process no_fork;
-
 /*
- * This returns a dummy child_process if the transport protocol does not
- * need fork(2), or a struct child_process object if it does.  Once done,
- * finish the connection with finish_connect() with the value returned from
- * this function (it is safe to call finish_connect() with NULL to support
- * the former case).
- *
- * If it returns, the connect is successful; it just dies on errors (this
- * will hopefully be changed in a libification effort, to return NULL when
- * the connection failed).
+ * Extract protocol and relevant parts from the specified connection URL.
+ * The caller must free() the returned strings.
  */
-struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
-				  const char *prog, int flags)
+static enum protocol parse_connect_url(const char *url_orig, char **ret_host,
+				       char **ret_path)
 {
 	char *url;
 	char *host, *path;
 	char *end;
-	int c;
-	struct child_process *conn = &no_fork;
+	int separator = '/';
 	enum protocol protocol = PROTO_LOCAL;
-	int free_path = 0;
-	char *port = NULL;
-	const char **arg;
-	struct strbuf cmd;
-
-	/* Without this we cannot rely on waitpid() to tell
-	 * what happened to our children.
-	 */
-	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
 
 	if (is_url(url_orig))
 		url = url_decode(url_orig);
@@ -462,37 +610,26 @@ struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
 		*host = '\0';
 		protocol = get_protocol(url);
 		host += 3;
-		c = '/';
 	} else {
 		host = url;
-		c = ':';
+		if (!url_is_local_not_ssh(url)) {
+			protocol = PROTO_SSH;
+			separator = ':';
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Don't do destructive transforms with git:// as that
-	 * protocol code does '[]' unwrapping of its own.
+	 * Don't do destructive transforms as protocol code does
+	 * '[]' unwrapping in get_host_and_port()
 	 */
-	if (host[0] == '[') {
-		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
-		if (end) {
-			if (protocol != PROTO_GIT) {
-				*end = 0;
-				host++;
-			}
-			end++;
-		} else
-			end = host;
-	} else
-		end = host;
+	end = host_end(&host, 0);
 
-	path = strchr(end, c);
-	if (path && !has_dos_drive_prefix(end)) {
-		if (c == ':') {
-			protocol = PROTO_SSH;
-			*path++ = '\0';
-		}
-	} else
+	if (protocol == PROTO_LOCAL)
 		path = end;
+	else if (protocol == PROTO_FILE && has_dos_drive_prefix(end))
+		path = end; /* "file://$(pwd)" may be "file://C:/projects/repo" */
+	else
+		path = strchr(end, separator);
 
 	if (!path || !*path)
 		die("No path specified. See 'man git-pull' for valid url syntax");
@@ -501,33 +638,78 @@ struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
 	 * null-terminate hostname and point path to ~ for URL's like this:
 	 *    ssh://host.xz/~user/repo
 	 */
-	if (protocol != PROTO_LOCAL && host != url) {
-		char *ptr = path;
+
+	end = path; /* Need to \0 terminate host here */
+	if (separator == ':')
+		path++; /* path starts after ':' */
+	if (protocol == PROTO_GIT || protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
 		if (path[1] == '~')
 			path++;
-		else {
-			path = xstrdup(ptr);
-			free_path = 1;
-		}
-
-		*ptr = '\0';
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Add support for ssh port: ssh://host.xy:<port>/...
+	path = xstrdup(path);
+	*end = '\0';
+
+	*ret_host = xstrdup(host);
+	*ret_path = path;
+	free(url);
+	return protocol;
+}
+
+static struct child_process no_fork = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+/*
+ * This returns a dummy child_process if the transport protocol does not
+ * need fork(2), or a struct child_process object if it does.  Once done,
+ * finish the connection with finish_connect() with the value returned from
+ * this function (it is safe to call finish_connect() with NULL to support
+ * the former case).
+ *
+ * If it returns, the connect is successful; it just dies on errors (this
+ * will hopefully be changed in a libification effort, to return NULL when
+ * the connection failed).
+ */
+struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url,
+				  const char *prog, int flags)
+{
+	char *hostandport, *path;
+	struct child_process *conn = &no_fork;
+	enum protocol protocol;
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Without this we cannot rely on waitpid() to tell
+	 * what happened to our children.
 	 */
-	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH && host != url)
-		port = get_port(host);
+	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
+
+	protocol = parse_connect_url(url, &hostandport, &path);
+	if ((flags & CONNECT_DIAG_URL) && (protocol != PROTO_SSH)) {
+		printf("Diag: url=%s\n", url ? url : "NULL");
+		printf("Diag: protocol=%s\n", prot_name(protocol));
+		printf("Diag: hostandport=%s\n", hostandport ? hostandport : "NULL");
+		printf("Diag: path=%s\n", path ? path : "NULL");
+		conn = NULL;
+	} else if (protocol == PROTO_GIT) {
+		/*
+		 * Set up virtual host information based on where we will
+		 * connect, unless the user has overridden us in
+		 * the environment.
+		 */
+		char *target_host = getenv("GIT_OVERRIDE_VIRTUAL_HOST");
+		if (target_host)
+			target_host = xstrdup(target_host);
+		else
+			target_host = xstrdup(hostandport);
+
+		transport_check_allowed("git");
 
-	if (protocol == PROTO_GIT) {
 		/* These underlying connection commands die() if they
 		 * cannot connect.
 		 */
-		char *target_host = xstrdup(host);
-		if (git_use_proxy(host))
-			conn = git_proxy_connect(fd, host);
+		if (git_use_proxy(hostandport))
+			conn = git_proxy_connect(fd, hostandport);
 		else
-			git_tcp_connect(fd, host, flags);
+			git_tcp_connect(fd, hostandport, flags);
 		/*
 		 * Separate original protocol components prog and path
 		 * from extended host header with a NUL byte.
@@ -540,55 +722,97 @@ struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
 			     prog, path, 0,
 			     target_host, 0);
 		free(target_host);
-		free(url);
-		if (free_path)
-			free(path);
-		return conn;
-	}
+	} else {
+		conn = xmalloc(sizeof(*conn));
+		child_process_init(conn);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&cmd, prog);
+		strbuf_addch(&cmd, ' ');
+		sq_quote_buf(&cmd, path);
 
-	conn = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*conn));
-
-	strbuf_init(&cmd, MAX_CMD_LEN);
-	strbuf_addstr(&cmd, prog);
-	strbuf_addch(&cmd, ' ');
-	sq_quote_buf(&cmd, path);
-	if (cmd.len >= MAX_CMD_LEN)
-		die("command line too long");
-
-	conn->in = conn->out = -1;
-	conn->argv = arg = xcalloc(7, sizeof(*arg));
-	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
-		const char *ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH");
-		int putty = ssh && strcasestr(ssh, "plink");
-		if (!ssh) ssh = "ssh";
-
-		*arg++ = ssh;
-		if (putty && !strcasestr(ssh, "tortoiseplink"))
-			*arg++ = "-batch";
-		if (port) {
-			/* P is for PuTTY, p is for OpenSSH */
-			*arg++ = putty ? "-P" : "-p";
-			*arg++ = port;
-		}
-		*arg++ = host;
-	}
-	else {
 		/* remove repo-local variables from the environment */
 		conn->env = local_repo_env;
 		conn->use_shell = 1;
-	}
-	*arg++ = cmd.buf;
-	*arg = NULL;
+		conn->in = conn->out = -1;
+		if (protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
+			const char *ssh;
+			int putty = 0, tortoiseplink = 0;
+			char *ssh_host = hostandport;
+			const char *port = NULL;
+			transport_check_allowed("ssh");
+			get_host_and_port(&ssh_host, &port);
+
+			if (!port)
+				port = get_port(ssh_host);
+
+			if (flags & CONNECT_DIAG_URL) {
+				printf("Diag: url=%s\n", url ? url : "NULL");
+				printf("Diag: protocol=%s\n", prot_name(protocol));
+				printf("Diag: userandhost=%s\n", ssh_host ? ssh_host : "NULL");
+				printf("Diag: port=%s\n", port ? port : "NONE");
+				printf("Diag: path=%s\n", path ? path : "NULL");
+
+				free(hostandport);
+				free(path);
+				free(conn);
+				return NULL;
+			}
 
-	if (start_command(conn))
-		die("unable to fork");
+			ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH_COMMAND");
+			if (!ssh) {
+				const char *base;
+				char *ssh_dup;
 
-	fd[0] = conn->out; /* read from child's stdout */
-	fd[1] = conn->in;  /* write to child's stdin */
-	strbuf_release(&cmd);
-	free(url);
-	if (free_path)
-		free(path);
+				/*
+				 * GIT_SSH is the no-shell version of
+				 * GIT_SSH_COMMAND (and must remain so for
+				 * historical compatibility).
+				 */
+				conn->use_shell = 0;
+
+				ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH");
+				if (!ssh)
+					ssh = "ssh";
+
+				ssh_dup = xstrdup(ssh);
+				base = basename(ssh_dup);
+
+				tortoiseplink = !strcasecmp(base, "tortoiseplink") ||
+					!strcasecmp(base, "tortoiseplink.exe");
+				putty = tortoiseplink ||
+					!strcasecmp(base, "plink") ||
+					!strcasecmp(base, "plink.exe");
+
+				free(ssh_dup);
+			}
+
+			argv_array_push(&conn->args, ssh);
+			if (flags & CONNECT_IPV4)
+				argv_array_push(&conn->args, "-4");
+			else if (flags & CONNECT_IPV6)
+				argv_array_push(&conn->args, "-6");
+			if (tortoiseplink)
+				argv_array_push(&conn->args, "-batch");
+			if (port) {
+				/* P is for PuTTY, p is for OpenSSH */
+				argv_array_push(&conn->args, putty ? "-P" : "-p");
+				argv_array_push(&conn->args, port);
+			}
+			argv_array_push(&conn->args, ssh_host);
+		} else {
+			transport_check_allowed("file");
+		}
+		argv_array_push(&conn->args, cmd.buf);
+
+		if (start_command(conn))
+			die("unable to fork");
+
+		fd[0] = conn->out; /* read from child's stdout */
+		fd[1] = conn->in;  /* write to child's stdin */
+		strbuf_release(&cmd);
+	}
+	free(hostandport);
+	free(path);
 	return conn;
 }
 
@@ -604,7 +828,6 @@ int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn)
 		return 0;
 
 	code = finish_command(conn);
-	free(conn->argv);
 	free(conn);
 	return code;
 }
diff --git a/connect.h b/connect.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01f14cdf3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/connect.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef CONNECT_H
+#define CONNECT_H
+
+#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
+#define CONNECT_DIAG_URL      (1u << 1)
+#define CONNECT_IPV4          (1u << 2)
+#define CONNECT_IPV6          (1u << 3)
+extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
+extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int git_connection_is_socket(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
+extern int parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
+extern const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len_ret);
+extern int url_is_local_not_ssh(const char *url);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/connected.c b/connected.c
index d7624230d4..bf1b12e7ec 100644
--- a/connected.c
+++ b/connected.c
@@ -2,34 +2,64 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "transport.h"
 
+int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return check_everything_connected_with_transport(fn, quiet, cb_data, NULL);
+}
 /*
  * If we feed all the commits we want to verify to this command
  *
- *  $ git rev-list --verify-objects --stdin --not --all
+ *  $ git rev-list --objects --stdin --not --all
  *
  * and if it does not error out, that means everything reachable from
- * these commits locally exists and is connected to some of our
- * existing refs.
+ * these commits locally exists and is connected to our existing refs.
+ * Note that this does _not_ validate the individual objects.
  *
  * Returns 0 if everything is connected, non-zero otherwise.
  */
-int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
+static int check_everything_connected_real(sha1_iterate_fn fn,
+					   int quiet,
+					   void *cb_data,
+					   struct transport *transport,
+					   const char *shallow_file)
 {
-	struct child_process rev_list;
-	const char *argv[] = {"rev-list", "--verify-objects",
-			      "--stdin", "--not", "--all", NULL, NULL};
+	struct child_process rev_list = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *argv[9];
 	char commit[41];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int err = 0;
+	int err = 0, ac = 0;
+	struct packed_git *new_pack = NULL;
+	size_t base_len;
 
 	if (fn(cb_data, sha1))
 		return err;
 
+	if (transport && transport->smart_options &&
+	    transport->smart_options->self_contained_and_connected &&
+	    transport->pack_lockfile &&
+	    strip_suffix(transport->pack_lockfile, ".keep", &base_len)) {
+		struct strbuf idx_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_add(&idx_file, transport->pack_lockfile, base_len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&idx_file, ".idx");
+		new_pack = add_packed_git(idx_file.buf, idx_file.len, 1);
+		strbuf_release(&idx_file);
+	}
+
+	if (shallow_file) {
+		argv[ac++] = "--shallow-file";
+		argv[ac++] = shallow_file;
+	}
+	argv[ac++] = "rev-list";
+	argv[ac++] = "--objects";
+	argv[ac++] = "--stdin";
+	argv[ac++] = "--not";
+	argv[ac++] = "--all";
 	if (quiet)
-		argv[5] = "--quiet";
+		argv[ac++] = "--quiet";
+	argv[ac] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&rev_list, 0, sizeof(rev_list));
 	rev_list.argv = argv;
 	rev_list.git_cmd = 1;
 	rev_list.in = -1;
@@ -42,21 +72,45 @@ int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
 
 	commit[40] = '\n';
 	do {
+		/*
+		 * If index-pack already checked that:
+		 * - there are no dangling pointers in the new pack
+		 * - the pack is self contained
+		 * Then if the updated ref is in the new pack, then we
+		 * are sure the ref is good and not sending it to
+		 * rev-list for verification.
+		 */
+		if (new_pack && find_pack_entry_one(sha1, new_pack))
+			continue;
+
 		memcpy(commit, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(rev_list.in, commit, 41) < 0) {
 			if (errno != EPIPE && errno != EINVAL)
-				error(_("failed write to rev-list: %s"),
-				      strerror(errno));
+				error_errno(_("failed write to rev-list"));
 			err = -1;
 			break;
 		}
 	} while (!fn(cb_data, sha1));
 
-	if (close(rev_list.in)) {
-		error(_("failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"), strerror(errno));
-		err = -1;
-	}
+	if (close(rev_list.in))
+		err = error_errno(_("failed to close rev-list's stdin"));
 
 	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 	return finish_command(&rev_list) || err;
 }
+
+int check_everything_connected_with_transport(sha1_iterate_fn fn,
+					      int quiet,
+					      void *cb_data,
+					      struct transport *transport)
+{
+	return check_everything_connected_real(fn, quiet, cb_data,
+					       transport, NULL);
+}
+
+int check_shallow_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data,
+			    const char *shallow_file)
+{
+	return check_everything_connected_real(fn, quiet, cb_data,
+					       NULL, shallow_file);
+}
diff --git a/connected.h b/connected.h
index 7e4585a6cb..071d408f38 100644
--- a/connected.h
+++ b/connected.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef CONNECTED_H
 #define CONNECTED_H
 
+struct transport;
+
 /*
  * Take callback data, and return next object name in the buffer.
  * When called after returning the name for the last object, return -1
@@ -16,5 +18,10 @@ typedef int (*sha1_iterate_fn)(void *, unsigned char [20]);
  * Return 0 if Ok, non zero otherwise (i.e. some missing objects)
  */
 extern int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet, void *cb_data);
+extern int check_shallow_connected(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet, void *cb_data,
+				   const char *shallow_file);
+extern int check_everything_connected_with_transport(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet,
+						     void *cb_data,
+						     struct transport *transport);
 
 #endif /* CONNECTED_H */
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/README b/contrib/blameview/README
deleted file mode 100644
index fada5ce909..0000000000
--- a/contrib/blameview/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-This is a sample program to use 'git-blame --incremental', based
-on this message.
-
-From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
-Subject: Re: More precise tag following
-To: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-Cc: git@vger.kernel.org
-Date: Sat, 27 Jan 2007 18:52:38 -0500
-Message-ID: <20070127235238.GA28706@coredump.intra.peff.net>
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl b/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
deleted file mode 100755
index 1dec00137b..0000000000
--- a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-
-use Gtk2 -init;
-use Gtk2::SimpleList;
-
-my $hash;
-my $fn;
-if ( @ARGV == 1 ) {
-	$hash = "HEAD";
-	$fn = shift;
-} elsif ( @ARGV == 2 ) {
-	$hash = shift;
-	$fn = shift;
-} else {
-	die "Usage blameview [<rev>] <filename>";
-}
-
-Gtk2::Rc->parse_string(<<'EOS');
-style "treeview_style"
-{
-  GtkTreeView::vertical-separator = 0
-}
-class "GtkTreeView" style "treeview_style"
-EOS
-
-my $window = Gtk2::Window->new('toplevel');
-$window->signal_connect(destroy => sub { Gtk2->main_quit });
-my $vpan = Gtk2::VPaned->new();
-$window->add($vpan);
-my $scrolled_window = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new;
-$vpan->pack1($scrolled_window, 1, 1);
-my $fileview = Gtk2::SimpleList->new(
-    'Commit' => 'text',
-    'FileLine' => 'text',
-    'Data' => 'text'
-);
-$scrolled_window->add($fileview);
-$fileview->get_column(0)->set_spacing(0);
-$fileview->set_size_request(1024, 768);
-$fileview->set_rules_hint(1);
-$fileview->signal_connect (row_activated => sub {
-		my ($sl, $path, $column) = @_;
-		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
-		system("blameview @$row_ref[0]~1 $fn &");
-		});
-
-my $commitwindow = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new();
-$commitwindow->set_policy ('GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC','GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC');
-$vpan->pack2($commitwindow, 1, 1);
-my $commit_text = Gtk2::TextView->new();
-my $commit_buffer = Gtk2::TextBuffer->new();
-$commit_text->set_buffer($commit_buffer);
-$commitwindow->add($commit_text);
-
-$fileview->signal_connect (cursor_changed => sub {
-		my ($sl) = @_;
-		my ($path, $focus_column) = $sl->get_cursor();
-		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
-		my $c_fh;
-		open($c_fh,  '-|', "git cat-file commit @$row_ref[0]")
-					or die "unable to find commit @$row_ref[0]";
-		my @buffer = <$c_fh>;
-		$commit_buffer->set_text("@buffer");
-		close($c_fh);
-		});
-
-my $fh;
-open($fh, '-|', "git cat-file blob $hash:$fn")
-  or die "unable to open $fn: $!";
-
-while(<$fh>) {
-  chomp;
-  $fileview->{data}->[$.] = ['HEAD', "$fn:$.", $_];
-}
-
-my $blame;
-open($blame, '-|', qw(git blame --incremental --), $fn, $hash)
-    or die "cannot start git-blame $fn";
-
-Glib::IO->add_watch(fileno($blame), 'in', \&read_blame_line);
-
-$window->show_all;
-Gtk2->main;
-exit 0;
-
-my %commitinfo = ();
-
-sub flush_blame_line {
-	my ($attr) = @_;
-
-	return unless defined $attr;
-
-	my ($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
-	    @{$attr}{qw(COMMIT S_LNO LNO CNT)};
-
-	my ($filename, $author, $author_time, $author_tz) =
-	    @{$commitinfo{$commit}}{qw(FILENAME AUTHOR AUTHOR-TIME AUTHOR-TZ)};
-	my $info = $author . ' ' . format_time($author_time, $author_tz);
-
-	for(my $i = 0; $i < $cnt; $i++) {
-		@{$fileview->{data}->[$lno+$i-1]}[0,1,2] =
-		(substr($commit, 0, 8), $filename . ':' . ($s_lno+$i));
-	}
-}
-
-my $buf;
-my $current;
-sub read_blame_line {
-
-	my $r = sysread($blame, $buf, 1024, length($buf));
-	die "I/O error" unless defined $r;
-
-	if ($r == 0) {
-		flush_blame_line($current);
-		$current = undef;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	while ($buf =~ s/([^\n]*)\n//) {
-		my $line = $1;
-
-		if (($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
-		    ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+)$/)) {
-			flush_blame_line($current);
-			$current = +{
-				COMMIT => $1,
-				S_LNO => $2,
-				LNO => $3,
-				CNT => $4,
-			};
-			next;
-		}
-
-		# extended attribute values
-		if ($line =~ /^(author|author-mail|author-time|author-tz|committer|committer-mail|committer-time|committer-tz|summary|filename) (.*)$/) {
-			my $commit = $current->{COMMIT};
-			$commitinfo{$commit}{uc($1)} = $2;
-			next;
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-sub format_time {
-  my $time = shift;
-  my $tz = shift;
-
-  my $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$tz : $tz;
-  $minutes = ($minutes / 100)*60 + ($minutes % 100);
-  $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$minutes : $minutes;
-  $time += $minutes * 60;
-  my @t = gmtime($time);
-  return sprintf('%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s',
-		 $t[5] + 1900, @t[4,3,2,1,0], $tz);
-}
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl b/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
index 23da787dc5..23da787dc5 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/generate b/contrib/buildsystems/generate
index bc10f25ff2..bc10f25ff2 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/generate
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/generate
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl b/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl
index c9656ece99..c9656ece99 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/README b/contrib/ciabot/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b916acece..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-These are hook scripts for the CIA notification service at <http://cia.vc/>
-
-They are maintained by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>.  There is an
-upstream resource page for them at <http://www.catb.org/esr/ciabot/>,
-but they are unlikely to change rapidly.
-
-You probably want the Python version; it's faster, more capable, and
-better documented.  The shell version is maintained only as a fallback
-for use on hosting sites that don't permit Python hook scripts.
-
-You will find installation instructions for each script in its comment
-header.
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 9775dffb5d..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-# Distributed under BSD terms.
-#
-# This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
-# It's Python because the Python standard libraries avoid portability/security
-# issues raised by callouts in the ancestral Perl and sh scripts.  It should
-# be compatible back to Python 2.1.5
-#
-# usage: ciabot.py [-V] [-n] [-p projectname]  [refname [commits...]]
-#
-# This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook.  If there's nothing unusual about your hosting setup,
-# you can specify the project name with a -p option and avoid having
-# to modify this script.  Try it with -n to see the notification mail
-# dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its
-# version and exits.
-#
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments (other than possibly a -p
-# option). It will query for current HEAD and the latest commit ID to
-# get the information it needs.
-#
-# In update, call it with a refname followed by a list of commits:
-# You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits becxause it lists
-# from most recent to oldest.
-#
-# /path/to/ciabot.py ${refname} $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac)
-#
-# Note: this script uses mail, not XML-RPC, in order to avoid stalling
-# until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is down.
-#
-
-#
-# The project as known to CIA. You will either want to change this
-# or invoke the script with a -p option to set it.
-#
-project=None
-
-#
-# You may not need to change these:
-#
-import os, sys, commands, socket, urllib
-
-# Name of the repository.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-repo = os.path.basename(os.getcwd())
-
-# Fully-qualified domain name of this host.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-host = socket.getfqdn()
-
-# Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
-# to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
-# through gitweb or something similar. The defaults will probably
-# work if you have a typical gitweb/cgit setup.
-#
-#urlprefix="http://%(host)s/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=%(repo)s;a=commit;h="
-urlprefix="http://%(host)s/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/%(repo)s/commit/?id="
-
-# The service used to turn your gitwebbish URL into a tinyurl so it
-# will take up less space on the IRC notification line.
-tinyifier = "http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url="
-
-# The template used to generate the XML messages to CIA.  You can make
-# visible changes to the IRC-bot notification lines by hacking this.
-# The default will produce a notfication line that looks like this:
-#
-# ${project}: ${author} ${repo}:${branch} * ${rev} ${files}: ${logmsg} ${url}
-#
-# By omitting $files you can collapse the files part to a single slash.
-xml = '''\
-<message>
-  <generator>
-    <name>CIA Python client for Git</name>
-    <version>%(gitver)s</version>
-    <url>%(generator)s</url>
-  </generator>
-  <source>
-    <project>%(project)s</project>
-    <branch>%(repo)s:%(branch)s</branch>
-  </source>
-  <timestamp>%(ts)s</timestamp>
-  <body>
-    <commit>
-      <author>%(author)s</author>
-      <revision>%(rev)s</revision>
-      <files>
-        %(files)s
-      </files>
-      <log>%(logmsg)s %(url)s</log>
-      <url>%(url)s</url>
-    </commit>
-  </body>
-</message>
-'''
-
-#
-# No user-serviceable parts below this line:
-#
-
-# Addresses for the e-mail. The from address is a dummy, since CIA
-# will never reply to this mail.
-fromaddr = "CIABOT-NOREPLY@" + host
-toaddr = "cia@cia.navi.cx"
-
-# Identify the generator script.
-# Should only change when the script itself gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator="http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot.py"
-
-def do(command):
-    return commands.getstatusoutput(command)[1]
-
-def report(refname, merged):
-    "Generate a commit notification to be reported to CIA"
-
-    # Try to tinyfy a reference to a web view for this commit.
-    try:
-        url = open(urllib.urlretrieve(tinyifier + urlprefix + merged)[0]).read()
-    except:
-        url = urlprefix + merged
-
-    branch = os.path.basename(refname)
-
-    # Compute a shortnane for the revision
-    rev = do("git describe '"+ merged +"' 2>/dev/null") or merged[:12]
-
-    # Extract the neta-information for the commit
-    rawcommit = do("git cat-file commit " + merged)
-    files=do("git diff-tree -r --name-only '"+ merged +"' | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-'")
-    inheader = True
-    headers = {}
-    logmsg = ""
-    for line in rawcommit.split("\n"):
-        if inheader:
-            if line:
-                fields = line.split()
-                headers[fields[0]] = " ".join(fields[1:])
-            else:
-                inheader = False
-        else:
-            logmsg = line
-            break
-    (author, ts) = headers["author"].split(">")
-
-    # This discards the part of the authors addrsss after @.
-    # Might be bnicece to ship the full email address, if not
-    # for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
-    # would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-    author = author.replace("<", "").split("@")[0].split()[-1]
-
-    # This ignores the timezone.  Not clear what to do with it...
-    ts = ts.strip().split()[0]
-
-    context = locals()
-    context.update(globals())
-
-    out = xml % context
-
-    message = '''\
-Message-ID: <%(merged)s.%(author)s@%(project)s>
-From: %(fromaddr)s
-To: %(toaddr)s
-Content-type: text/xml
-Subject: DeliverXML
-
-%(out)s''' % locals()
-
-    return message
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    import getopt
-
-    try:
-        (options, arguments) = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "np:V")
-    except getopt.GetoptError, msg:
-        print "ciabot.py: " + str(msg)
-        raise SystemExit, 1
-
-    mailit = True
-    for (switch, val) in options:
-        if switch == '-p':
-            project = val
-        elif switch == '-n':
-            mailit = False
-        elif switch == '-V':
-            print "ciabot.py: version 3.2"
-            sys.exit(0)
-
-    # Cough and die if user has not specified a project
-    if not project:
-        sys.stderr.write("ciabot.py: no project specified, bailing out.\n")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    # We'll need the git version number.
-    gitver = do("git --version").split()[0]
-
-    urlprefix = urlprefix % globals()
-
-    # The script wants a reference to head followed by the list of
-    # commit ID to report about.
-    if len(arguments) == 0:
-        refname = do("git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null")
-        merges = [do("git rev-parse HEAD")]
-    else:
-        refname = arguments[0]
-        merges = arguments[1:]
-
-    if mailit:
-        import smtplib
-        server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
-
-    for merged in merges:
-        message = report(refname, merged)
-        if mailit:
-            server.sendmail(fromaddr, [toaddr], message)
-        else:
-            print message
-
-    if mailit:
-        server.quit()
-
-#End
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index eb87bba38e..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
-# Copyright (c) 2006 Fernando J. Pereda <ferdy@gentoo.org>
-# Copyright (c) 2008 Natanael Copa <natanael.copa@gmail.com>
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-#
-# This is a version 3.x of ciabot.sh; use -V to find the exact
-# version.  Versions 1 and 2 were shipped in 2006 and 2008 and are not
-# version-stamped.  The version 2 maintainer has passed the baton.
-#
-# Note: This script should be considered obsolete.
-# There is a faster, better-documented rewrite in Python: find it as ciabot.py
-# Use this only if your hosting site forbids Python hooks.
-#
-# Originally based on Git ciabot.pl by Petr Baudis.
-# This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
-#
-# usage: ciabot.sh [-V] [-n] [-p projectname] [refname commit]
-#
-# This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook.  If there's nothing unusual about your hosting setup,
-# you can specify the project name with a -p option and avoid having
-# to modify this script.  Try it with -n first to see the notification
-# mail dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane.  Use -V to dump
-# the version and exit.
-#
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments (other than possibly a -p
-# option). It will query for current HEAD and the latest commit ID to
-# get the information it needs.
-#
-# In update, you have to call it once per merged commit:
-#
-#       refname=$1
-#       oldhead=$2
-#       newhead=$3
-#       for merged in $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac) ; do
-#               /path/to/ciabot.bash ${refname} ${merged}
-#       done
-#
-# The reason for the tac call ids that git rev-list emits commits from
-# most recent to least - better to ship notifactions from oldest to newest.
-#
-# Note: this script uses mail, not XML-RPC, in order to avoid stalling
-# until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is down.
-#
-
-#
-# The project as known to CIA. You will either want to change this
-# or set the project name with a -p option.
-#
-project=
-
-#
-# You may not need to change these:
-#
-
-# Name of the repository.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-repo="`basename ${PWD}`"
-
-# Fully qualified domain name of the repo host.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-host=`hostname --fqdn`
-
-# Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
-# to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
-# through gitweb or something similar. The defaults will probably
-# work if you have a typical gitweb/cgit setup.
-#urlprefix="http://${host}/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=${repo};a=commit;h="
-urlprefix="http://${host}/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/${repo}/commit/?id="
-
-#
-# You probably will not need to change the following:
-#
-
-# Identify the script. Should change only when the script itself
-# gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator="http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot/ciabot.sh"
-
-# Addresses for the e-mail
-from="CIABOT-NOREPLY@${host}"
-to="cia@cia.navi.cx"
-
-# SMTP client to use - may need to edit the absolute pathname for your system
-sendmail="sendmail -t -f ${from}"
-
-#
-# No user-serviceable parts below this line:
-#
-
-# Should include all places sendmail is likely to lurk.
-PATH="$PATH:/usr/sbin/"
-
-mode=mailit
-while getopts pnV opt
-do
-    case $opt in
-	p) project=$2; shift ; shift ;;
-	n) mode=dumpit; shift ;;
-	V) echo "ciabot.sh: version 3.2"; exit 0; shift ;;
-    esac
-done
-
-# Cough and die if user has not specified a project
-if [ -z "$project" ]
-then
-    echo "ciabot.sh: no project specified, bailing out." >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
-	refname=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
-	merged=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
-else
-	refname=$1
-	merged=$2
-fi
-
-# This tries to turn your gitwebbish URL into a tinyurl so it will take up
-# less space on the IRC notification line. Some repo sites (I'm looking at
-# you, berlios.de!) forbid wget calls for security reasons.  On these,
-# the code will fall back to the full un-tinyfied URL.
-longurl=${urlprefix}${merged}
-url=$(wget -O - -q http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url=${longurl} 2>/dev/null)
-if [ -z "$url" ]; then
-	url="${longurl}"
-fi
-
-refname=${refname##refs/heads/}
-
-gitver=$(git --version)
-gitver=${gitver##* }
-
-rev=$(git describe ${merged} 2>/dev/null)
-# ${merged:0:12} was the only bashism left in the 2008 version of this
-# script, according to checkbashisms.  Replace it with ${merged} here
-# because it was just a fallback anyway, and it's worth accepting a
-# longer fallback for faster execution and removing the bash
-# dependency.
-[ -z ${rev} ] && rev=${merged}
-
-# This discards the part of the author's address after @.
-# Might be nice to ship the full email address, if not
-# for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
-# would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-rawcommit=$(git cat-file commit ${merged})
-author=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -n -e '/^author .*<\([^@]*\).*$/s--\1-p')
-logmessage=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -e '1,/^$/d' | head -n 1)
-logmessage=$(echo "$logmessage" | sed 's/\&/&amp\;/g; s/</&lt\;/g; s/>/&gt\;/g')
-ts=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -n -e '/^author .*> \([0-9]\+\).*$/s--\1-p')
-files=$(git diff-tree -r --name-only ${merged} | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-')
-
-out="
-<message>
-  <generator>
-    <name>CIA Shell client for Git</name>
-    <version>${gitver}</version>
-    <url>${generator}</url>
-  </generator>
-  <source>
-    <project>${project}</project>
-    <branch>$repo:${refname}</branch>
-  </source>
-  <timestamp>${ts}</timestamp>
-  <body>
-    <commit>
-      <author>${author}</author>
-      <revision>${rev}</revision>
-      <files>
-	${files}
-      </files>
-      <log>${logmessage} ${url}</log>
-      <url>${url}</url>
-    </commit>
-  </body>
-</message>"
-
-if [ "$mode" = "dumpit" ]
-then
-    sendmail=cat
-fi
-
-${sendmail} << EOM
-Message-ID: <${merged}.${author}@${project}>
-From: ${from}
-To: ${to}
-Content-type: text/xml
-Subject: DeliverXML
-${out}
-EOM
-
-# vim: set tw=70 :
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index cc1bdf9609..37888f4e57 100755..100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!bash
-#
 # bash/zsh completion support for core Git.
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
@@ -12,70 +10,24 @@
 #    *) local and remote tag names
 #    *) .git/remotes file names
 #    *) git 'subcommands'
+#    *) git email aliases for git-send-email
 #    *) tree paths within 'ref:path/to/file' expressions
+#    *) file paths within current working directory and index
 #    *) common --long-options
 #
 # To use these routines:
 #
-#    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-completion.sh).
+#    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-completion.bash).
 #    2) Add the following line to your .bashrc/.zshrc:
-#        source ~/.git-completion.sh
-#
-#    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch:
-#         Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
-#         ZSH:  PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
-#
-#       The argument to __git_ps1 will be displayed only if you
-#       are currently in a git repository.  The %s token will be
-#       the name of the current branch.
-#
-#       In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty
-#       value, unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next
-#       to the branch name.  You can configure this per-repository
-#       with the bash.showDirtyState variable, which defaults to true
-#       once GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE is enabled.
-#
-#       You can also see if currently something is stashed, by setting
-#       GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE to a nonempty value. If something is stashed,
-#       then a '$' will be shown next to the branch name.
-#
-#       If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can
-#       set GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're
-#       untracked files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.
-#
-#       If you would like to see the difference between HEAD and its
-#       upstream, set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="auto".  A "<" indicates
-#       you are behind, ">" indicates you are ahead, and "<>"
-#       indicates you have diverged.  You can further control
-#       behaviour by setting GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM to a space-separated
-#       list of values:
-#           verbose       show number of commits ahead/behind (+/-) upstream
-#           legacy        don't use the '--count' option available in recent
-#                         versions of git-rev-list
-#           git           always compare HEAD to @{upstream}
-#           svn           always compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
-#       By default, __git_ps1 will compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
-#       if it can find one, or @{upstream} otherwise.  Once you have
-#       set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM, you can override it on a
-#       per-repository basis by setting the bash.showUpstream config
-#       variable.
+#        source ~/.git-completion.bash
+#    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch,
+#       see git-prompt.sh for details.
 #
-#
-# To submit patches:
-#
-#    *) Read Documentation/SubmittingPatches
-#    *) Send all patches to the current maintainer:
-#
-#       "Shawn O. Pearce" <spearce@spearce.org>
-#
-#    *) Always CC the Git mailing list:
-#
-#       git@vger.kernel.org
-#
-
-if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-	autoload -U +X bashcompinit && bashcompinit
-fi
+# If you use complex aliases of form '!f() { ... }; f', you can use the null
+# command ':' as the first command in the function body to declare the desired
+# completion style.  For example '!f() { : git commit ; ... }; f' will
+# tell the completion to use commit completion.  This also works with aliases
+# of form "!sh -c '...'".  For example, "!sh -c ': git commit ; ... '".
 
 case "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" in
 *:*) : great ;;
@@ -89,6 +41,9 @@ __gitdir ()
 	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
 		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
 			echo "$__git_dir"
+		elif [ -n "${GIT_DIR-}" ]; then
+			test -d "${GIT_DIR-}" || return 1
+			echo "$GIT_DIR"
 		elif [ -d .git ]; then
 			echo .git
 		else
@@ -101,235 +56,6 @@ __gitdir ()
 	fi
 }
 
-# stores the divergence from upstream in $p
-# used by GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM
-__git_ps1_show_upstream ()
-{
-	local key value
-	local svn_remote=() svn_url_pattern count n
-	local upstream=git legacy="" verbose=""
-
-	# get some config options from git-config
-	local output="$(git config -z --get-regexp '^(svn-remote\..*\.url|bash\.showupstream)$' 2>/dev/null | tr '\0\n' '\n ')"
-	while read key value; do
-		case "$key" in
-		bash.showupstream)
-			GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="$value"
-			if [[ -z "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}" ]]; then
-				p=""
-				return
-			fi
-			;;
-		svn-remote.*.url)
-			svn_remote[ $((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1)) ]="$value"
-			svn_url_pattern+="\\|$value"
-			upstream=svn+git # default upstream is SVN if available, else git
-			;;
-		esac
-	done <<< "$output"
-
-	# parse configuration values
-	for option in ${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}; do
-		case "$option" in
-		git|svn) upstream="$option" ;;
-		verbose) verbose=1 ;;
-		legacy)  legacy=1  ;;
-		esac
-	done
-
-	# Find our upstream
-	case "$upstream" in
-	git)    upstream="@{upstream}" ;;
-	svn*)
-		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
-		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
-		local svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
-					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
-		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
-			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[ ${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2 ]}
-			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
-			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
-			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; ++n)); do
-				svn_upstream=${svn_upstream#${svn_remote[$n]}}
-			done
-
-			if [[ -z "$svn_upstream" ]]; then
-				# default branch name for checkouts with no layout:
-				upstream=${GIT_SVN_ID:-git-svn}
-			else
-				upstream=${svn_upstream#/}
-			fi
-		elif [[ "svn+git" = "$upstream" ]]; then
-			upstream="@{upstream}"
-		fi
-		;;
-	esac
-
-	# Find how many commits we are ahead/behind our upstream
-	if [[ -z "$legacy" ]]; then
-		count="$(git rev-list --count --left-right \
-				"$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
-	else
-		# produce equivalent output to --count for older versions of git
-		local commits
-		if commits="$(git rev-list --left-right "$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
-		then
-			local commit behind=0 ahead=0
-			for commit in $commits
-			do
-				case "$commit" in
-				"<"*) let ++behind
-					;;
-				*)    let ++ahead
-					;;
-				esac
-			done
-			count="$behind	$ahead"
-		else
-			count=""
-		fi
-	fi
-
-	# calculate the result
-	if [[ -z "$verbose" ]]; then
-		case "$count" in
-		"") # no upstream
-			p="" ;;
-		"0	0") # equal to upstream
-			p="=" ;;
-		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
-			p=">" ;;
-		*"	0") # behind upstream
-			p="<" ;;
-		*)	    # diverged from upstream
-			p="<>" ;;
-		esac
-	else
-		case "$count" in
-		"") # no upstream
-			p="" ;;
-		"0	0") # equal to upstream
-			p=" u=" ;;
-		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
-			p=" u+${count#0	}" ;;
-		*"	0") # behind upstream
-			p=" u-${count%	0}" ;;
-		*)	    # diverged from upstream
-			p=" u+${count#*	}-${count%	*}" ;;
-		esac
-	fi
-
-}
-
-
-# __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
-# returns text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
-__git_ps1 ()
-{
-	local g="$(__gitdir)"
-	if [ -n "$g" ]; then
-		local r=""
-		local b=""
-		if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
-			r="|REBASE-i"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
-		elif [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
-			r="|REBASE-m"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
-		else
-			if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
-				if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
-					r="|REBASE"
-				elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
-					r="|AM"
-				else
-					r="|AM/REBASE"
-				fi
-			elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|MERGING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
-				r="|BISECTING"
-			fi
-
-			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)" || {
-
-				b="$(
-				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
-				(contains)
-					git describe --contains HEAD ;;
-				(branch)
-					git describe --contains --all HEAD ;;
-				(describe)
-					git describe HEAD ;;
-				(* | default)
-					git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD ;;
-				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
-
-				b="$(cut -c1-7 "$g/HEAD" 2>/dev/null)..." ||
-				b="unknown"
-				b="($b)"
-			}
-		fi
-
-		local w=""
-		local i=""
-		local s=""
-		local u=""
-		local c=""
-		local p=""
-
-		if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-				c="BARE:"
-			else
-				b="GIT_DIR!"
-			fi
-		elif [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ]; then
-				if [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]; then
-					git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
-					if git rev-parse --quiet --verify HEAD >/dev/null; then
-						git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
-					else
-						i="#"
-					fi
-				fi
-			fi
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ]; then
-			        git rev-parse --verify refs/stash >/dev/null 2>&1 && s="$"
-			fi
-
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ]; then
-			   if [ -n "$(git ls-files --others --exclude-standard)" ]; then
-			      u="%"
-			   fi
-			fi
-
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
-				__git_ps1_show_upstream
-			fi
-		fi
-
-		local f="$w$i$s$u"
-		printf "${1:- (%s)}" "$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r$p"
-	fi
-}
-
-# __gitcomp_1 requires 2 arguments
-__gitcomp_1 ()
-{
-	local c IFS=' '$'\t'$'\n'
-	for c in $1; do
-		case "$c$2" in
-		--*=*) printf %s$'\n' "$c$2" ;;
-		*.)    printf %s$'\n' "$c$2" ;;
-		*)     printf %s$'\n' "$c$2 " ;;
-		esac
-	done
-}
-
 # The following function is based on code from:
 #
 #   bash_completion - programmable completion functions for bash 3.2+
@@ -430,7 +156,6 @@ __git_reassemble_comp_words_by_ref()
 }
 
 if ! type _get_comp_words_by_ref >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-if [[ -z ${ZSH_VERSION:+set} ]]; then
 _get_comp_words_by_ref ()
 {
 	local exclude cur_ words_ cword_
@@ -458,36 +183,26 @@ _get_comp_words_by_ref ()
 		shift
 	done
 }
-else
-_get_comp_words_by_ref ()
+fi
+
+__gitcompappend ()
 {
-	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
-		case "$1" in
-		cur)
-			cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
-			;;
-		prev)
-			prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
-			;;
-		words)
-			words=("${COMP_WORDS[@]}")
-			;;
-		cword)
-			cword=$COMP_CWORD
-			;;
-		-n)
-			# assume COMP_WORDBREAKS is already set sanely
-			shift
-			;;
-		esac
-		shift
+	local x i=${#COMPREPLY[@]}
+	for x in $1; do
+		if [[ "$x" == "$3"* ]]; then
+			COMPREPLY[i++]="$2$x$4"
+		fi
 	done
 }
-fi
-fi
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen, appending a space to possible
-# completion words, if necessary.
+__gitcompadd ()
+{
+	COMPREPLY=()
+	__gitcompappend "$@"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply, appending a space to possible completion words,
+# if necessary.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -495,26 +210,37 @@ fi
 # 4: A suffix to be appended to each possible completion word (optional).
 __gitcomp ()
 {
-	local cur_="$cur"
+	local cur_="${3-$cur}"
 
-	if [ $# -gt 2 ]; then
-		cur_="$3"
-	fi
 	case "$cur_" in
 	--*=)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	*)
-		local IFS=$'\n'
-		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" \
-			-W "$(__gitcomp_1 "${1-}" "${4-}")" \
-			-- "$cur_"))
+		local c i=0 IFS=$' \t\n'
+		for c in $1; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			if [[ $c == "$cur_"* ]]; then
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				COMPREPLY[i++]="${2-}$c"
+			fi
+		done
 		;;
 	esac
 }
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
-# completion words by appending a space to all of them.
+# Variation of __gitcomp_nl () that appends to the existing list of
+# completion candidates, COMPREPLY.
+__gitcomp_nl_append ()
+{
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	__gitcompappend "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" "${4- }"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply from newline-separated possible completion words
+# by appending a space to all of them.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words, separated by a single newline.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -524,18 +250,66 @@ __gitcomp ()
 #    appended.
 __gitcomp_nl ()
 {
-	local s=$'\n' IFS=' '$'\t'$'\n'
-	local cur_="$cur" suffix=" "
+	COMPREPLY=()
+	__gitcomp_nl_append "$@"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
+# completion filenames.
+# It accepts 1 to 3 arguments:
+# 1: List of possible completion filenames, separated by a single newline.
+# 2: A directory prefix to be added to each possible completion filename
+#    (optional).
+# 3: Generate possible completion matches for this word (optional).
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+
+	# XXX does not work when the directory prefix contains a tilde,
+	# since tilde expansion is not applied.
+	# This means that COMPREPLY will be empty and Bash default
+	# completion will be used.
+	__gitcompadd "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" ""
+
+	# use a hack to enable file mode in bash < 4
+	compopt -o filenames +o nospace 2>/dev/null ||
+	compgen -f /non-existing-dir/ > /dev/null
+}
+
+# Execute 'git ls-files', unless the --committable option is specified, in
+# which case it runs 'git diff-index' to find out the files that can be
+# committed.  It return paths relative to the directory specified in the first
+# argument, and using the options specified in the second argument.
+__git_ls_files_helper ()
+{
+	if [ "$2" == "--committable" ]; then
+		git -C "$1" diff-index --name-only --relative HEAD
+	else
+		# NOTE: $2 is not quoted in order to support multiple options
+		git -C "$1" ls-files --exclude-standard $2
+	fi 2>/dev/null
+}
 
-	if [ $# -gt 2 ]; then
-		cur_="$3"
-		if [ $# -gt 3 ]; then
-			suffix="$4"
-		fi
-	fi
 
-	IFS=$s
-	COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" -S "$suffix" -W "$1" -- "$cur_"))
+# __git_index_files accepts 1 or 2 arguments:
+# 1: Options to pass to ls-files (required).
+# 2: A directory path (optional).
+#    If provided, only files within the specified directory are listed.
+#    Sub directories are never recursed.  Path must have a trailing
+#    slash.
+__git_index_files ()
+{
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)" root="${2-.}" file
+
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		__git_ls_files_helper "$root" "$1" |
+		while read -r file; do
+			case "$file" in
+			?*/*) echo "${file%%/*}" ;;
+			*) echo "$file" ;;
+			esac
+		done | sort | uniq
+	fi
 }
 
 __git_heads ()
@@ -589,20 +363,20 @@ __git_refs ()
 			local ref entry
 			git --git-dir="$dir" for-each-ref --shell --format="ref=%(refname:short)" \
 				"refs/remotes/" | \
-			while read entry; do
+			while read -r entry; do
 				eval "$entry"
 				ref="${ref#*/}"
 				if [[ "$ref" == "$cur"* ]]; then
 					echo "$ref"
 				fi
-			done | uniq -u
+			done | sort | uniq -u
 		fi
 		return
 	fi
 	case "$cur" in
 	refs|refs/*)
 		git ls-remote "$dir" "$cur*" 2>/dev/null | \
-		while read hash i; do
+		while read -r hash i; do
 			case "$i" in
 			*^{}) ;;
 			*) echo "$i" ;;
@@ -610,14 +384,9 @@ __git_refs ()
 		done
 		;;
 	*)
-		git ls-remote "$dir" HEAD ORIG_HEAD 'refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*' 'refs/remotes/*' 2>/dev/null | \
-		while read hash i; do
-			case "$i" in
-			*^{}) ;;
-			refs/*) echo "${i#refs/*/}" ;;
-			*) echo "$i" ;;
-			esac
-		done
+		echo "HEAD"
+		git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short)" -- \
+			"refs/remotes/$dir/" 2>/dev/null | sed -e "s#^$dir/##"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -636,24 +405,16 @@ __git_refs_remotes ()
 {
 	local i hash
 	git ls-remote "$1" 'refs/heads/*' 2>/dev/null | \
-	while read hash i; do
+	while read -r hash i; do
 		echo "$i:refs/remotes/$1/${i#refs/heads/}"
 	done
 }
 
 __git_remotes ()
 {
-	local i ngoff IFS=$'\n' d="$(__gitdir)"
-	__git_shopt -q nullglob || ngoff=1
-	__git_shopt -s nullglob
-	for i in "$d/remotes"/*; do
-		echo ${i#$d/remotes/}
-	done
-	[ "$ngoff" ] && __git_shopt -u nullglob
-	for i in $(git --git-dir="$d" config --get-regexp 'remote\..*\.url' 2>/dev/null); do
-		i="${i#remote.}"
-		echo "${i/.url*/}"
-	done
+	local d="$(__gitdir)"
+	test -d "$d/remotes" && ls -1 "$d/remotes"
+	git --git-dir="$d" remote
 }
 
 __git_list_merge_strategies ()
@@ -676,7 +437,8 @@ __git_merge_strategies=
 # is needed.
 __git_compute_merge_strategies ()
 {
-	: ${__git_merge_strategies:=$(__git_list_merge_strategies)}
+	test -n "$__git_merge_strategies" ||
+	__git_merge_strategies=$(__git_list_merge_strategies)
 }
 
 __git_complete_revlist_file ()
@@ -706,9 +468,7 @@ __git_complete_revlist_file ()
 		*)   pfx="$ref:$pfx" ;;
 		esac
 
-		local IFS=$'\n'
-		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "$pfx" \
-			-W "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" \
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" 2>/dev/null \
 				| sed '/^100... blob /{
 				           s,^.*	,,
 				           s,$, ,
@@ -722,7 +482,7 @@ __git_complete_revlist_file ()
 				           s,$,/,
 				       }
 				       s/^.*	//')" \
-			-- "$cur_"))
+			"$pfx" "$cur_" ""
 		;;
 	*...*)
 		pfx="${cur_%...*}..."
@@ -741,6 +501,25 @@ __git_complete_revlist_file ()
 }
 
 
+# __git_complete_index_file requires 1 argument:
+# 1: the options to pass to ls-file
+#
+# The exception is --committable, which finds the files appropriate commit.
+__git_complete_index_file ()
+{
+	local pfx="" cur_="$cur"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	?*/*)
+		pfx="${cur_%/*}"
+		cur_="${cur_##*/}"
+		pfx="${pfx}/"
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	__gitcomp_file "$(__git_index_files "$1" ${pfx:+"$pfx"})" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+}
+
 __git_complete_file ()
 {
 	__git_complete_revlist_file
@@ -755,6 +534,9 @@ __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 {
 	local cur_="$cur" cmd="${words[1]}"
 	local i c=2 remote="" pfx="" lhs=1 no_complete_refspec=0
+	if [ "$cmd" = "remote" ]; then
+		((c++))
+	fi
 	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
 		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
@@ -763,7 +545,6 @@ __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 			case "$cmd" in
 			push) no_complete_refspec=1 ;;
 			fetch)
-				COMPREPLY=()
 				return
 				;;
 			*) ;;
@@ -772,14 +553,13 @@ __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 		-*) ;;
 		*) remote="$i"; break ;;
 		esac
-		c=$((++c))
+		((c++))
 	done
 	if [ -z "$remote" ]; then
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
 	fi
 	if [ $no_complete_refspec = 1 ]; then
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 	fi
 	[ "$remote" = "." ] && remote=
@@ -805,7 +585,7 @@ __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		fi
 		;;
-	pull)
+	pull|remote)
 		if [ $lhs = 1 ]; then
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs "$remote")" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		else
@@ -839,10 +619,19 @@ __git_complete_strategy ()
 	return 1
 }
 
+__git_commands () {
+	if test -n "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION:-}"
+	then
+		printf "%s" "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION}"
+	else
+		git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]'
+	fi
+}
+
 __git_list_all_commands ()
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
-	for i in $(git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]')
+	for i in $(__git_commands)
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -854,14 +643,15 @@ __git_list_all_commands ()
 __git_all_commands=
 __git_compute_all_commands ()
 {
-	: ${__git_all_commands:=$(__git_list_all_commands)}
+	test -n "$__git_all_commands" ||
+	__git_all_commands=$(__git_list_all_commands)
 }
 
 __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
 	__git_compute_all_commands
-	for i in "help" $__git_all_commands
+	for i in $__git_all_commands
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -870,10 +660,15 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		archimport)       : import;;
 		cat-file)         : plumbing;;
 		check-attr)       : plumbing;;
+		check-ignore)     : plumbing;;
+		check-mailmap)    : plumbing;;
 		check-ref-format) : plumbing;;
 		checkout-index)   : plumbing;;
+		column)           : internal helper;;
 		commit-tree)      : plumbing;;
 		count-objects)    : infrequent;;
+		credential)       : credentials;;
+		credential-*)     : credentials helper;;
 		cvsexportcommit)  : export;;
 		cvsimport)        : import;;
 		cvsserver)        : daemon;;
@@ -892,7 +687,6 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		index-pack)       : plumbing;;
 		init-db)          : deprecated;;
 		local-fetch)      : plumbing;;
-		lost-found)       : infrequent;;
 		ls-files)         : plumbing;;
 		ls-remote)        : plumbing;;
 		ls-tree)          : plumbing;;
@@ -906,14 +700,12 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		pack-refs)        : plumbing;;
 		parse-remote)     : plumbing;;
 		patch-id)         : plumbing;;
-		peek-remote)      : plumbing;;
 		prune)            : plumbing;;
 		prune-packed)     : plumbing;;
 		quiltimport)      : import;;
 		read-tree)        : plumbing;;
 		receive-pack)     : plumbing;;
 		remote-*)         : transport;;
-		repo-config)      : deprecated;;
 		rerere)           : plumbing;;
 		rev-list)         : plumbing;;
 		rev-parse)        : plumbing;;
@@ -926,7 +718,6 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		ssh-*)            : transport;;
 		stripspace)       : plumbing;;
 		symbolic-ref)     : plumbing;;
-		tar-tree)         : deprecated;;
 		unpack-file)      : plumbing;;
 		unpack-objects)   : plumbing;;
 		update-index)     : plumbing;;
@@ -946,34 +737,28 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 __git_porcelain_commands=
 __git_compute_porcelain_commands ()
 {
-	__git_compute_all_commands
-	: ${__git_porcelain_commands:=$(__git_list_porcelain_commands)}
+	test -n "$__git_porcelain_commands" ||
+	__git_porcelain_commands=$(__git_list_porcelain_commands)
 }
 
-__git_pretty_aliases ()
+# Lists all set config variables starting with the given section prefix,
+# with the prefix removed.
+__git_get_config_variables ()
 {
-	local i IFS=$'\n'
-	for i in $(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config --get-regexp "pretty\..*" 2>/dev/null); do
-		case "$i" in
-		pretty.*)
-			i="${i#pretty.}"
-			echo "${i/ */}"
-			;;
-		esac
+	local section="$1" i IFS=$'\n'
+	for i in $(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config --name-only --get-regexp "^$section\..*" 2>/dev/null); do
+		echo "${i#$section.}"
 	done
 }
 
+__git_pretty_aliases ()
+{
+	__git_get_config_variables "pretty"
+}
+
 __git_aliases ()
 {
-	local i IFS=$'\n'
-	for i in $(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config --get-regexp "alias\..*" 2>/dev/null); do
-		case "$i" in
-		alias.*)
-			i="${i#alias.}"
-			echo "${i/ */}"
-			;;
-		esac
-	done
+	__git_get_config_variables "alias"
 }
 
 # __git_aliased_command requires 1 argument
@@ -991,6 +776,10 @@ __git_aliased_command ()
 		-*)	: option ;;
 		*=*)	: setting env ;;
 		git)	: git itself ;;
+		\(\))   : skip parens of shell function definition ;;
+		{)	: skip start of shell helper function ;;
+		:)	: skip null command ;;
+		\'*)	: skip opening quote after sh -c ;;
 		*)
 			echo "$word"
 			return
@@ -1010,10 +799,54 @@ __git_find_on_cmdline ()
 				return
 			fi
 		done
-		c=$((++c))
+		((c++))
 	done
 }
 
+# Echo the value of an option set on the command line or config
+#
+# $1: short option name
+# $2: long option name including =
+# $3: list of possible values
+# $4: config string (optional)
+#
+# example:
+# result="$(__git_get_option_value "-d" "--do-something=" \
+#     "yes no" "core.doSomething")"
+#
+# result is then either empty (no option set) or "yes" or "no"
+#
+# __git_get_option_value requires 3 arguments
+__git_get_option_value ()
+{
+	local c short_opt long_opt val
+	local result= values config_key word
+
+	short_opt="$1"
+	long_opt="$2"
+	values="$3"
+	config_key="$4"
+
+	((c = $cword - 1))
+	while [ $c -ge 0 ]; do
+		word="${words[c]}"
+		for val in $values; do
+			if [ "$short_opt$val" = "$word" ] ||
+			   [ "$long_opt$val"  = "$word" ]; then
+				result="$val"
+				break 2
+			fi
+		done
+		((c--))
+	done
+
+	if [ -n "$config_key" ] && [ -z "$result" ]; then
+		result="$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config "$config_key")"
+	fi
+
+	echo "$result"
+}
+
 __git_has_doubledash ()
 {
 	local c=1
@@ -1021,11 +854,48 @@ __git_has_doubledash ()
 		if [ "--" = "${words[c]}" ]; then
 			return 0
 		fi
-		c=$((++c))
+		((c++))
 	done
 	return 1
 }
 
+# Try to count non option arguments passed on the command line for the
+# specified git command.
+# When options are used, it is necessary to use the special -- option to
+# tell the implementation were non option arguments begin.
+# XXX this can not be improved, since options can appear everywhere, as
+# an example:
+#	git mv x -n y
+#
+# __git_count_arguments requires 1 argument: the git command executed.
+__git_count_arguments ()
+{
+	local word i c=0
+
+	# Skip "git" (first argument)
+	for ((i=1; i < ${#words[@]}; i++)); do
+		word="${words[i]}"
+
+		case "$word" in
+			--)
+				# Good; we can assume that the following are only non
+				# option arguments.
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			"$1")
+				# Skip the specified git command and discard git
+				# main options
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			?*)
+				((c++))
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	printf "%d" $c
+}
+
 __git_whitespacelist="nowarn warn error error-all fix"
 
 _git_am ()
@@ -1049,7 +919,6 @@ _git_am ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_apply ()
@@ -1069,13 +938,10 @@ _git_apply ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_add ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1084,7 +950,9 @@ _git_add ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for --update and --all options ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --modified --directory --no-empty-directory"
 }
 
 _git_archive ()
@@ -1129,7 +997,6 @@ _git_bisect ()
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -1144,15 +1011,19 @@ _git_branch ()
 		-d|-m)	only_local_ref="y" ;;
 		-r)	has_r="y" ;;
 		esac
-		c=$((++c))
+		((c++))
 	done
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--set-upstream-to=*)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur##--set-upstream-to=}"
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--color --no-color --verbose --abbrev= --no-abbrev
 			--track --no-track --contains --merged --no-merged
-			--set-upstream
+			--set-upstream-to= --edit-description --list
+			--unset-upstream
 			"
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -1213,14 +1084,19 @@ _git_checkout ()
 
 _git_cherry ()
 {
-	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
 _git_cherry_pick ()
 {
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -f "$dir"/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--continue --quit --abort"
+		return
+	fi
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit"
+		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit --signoff --strategy= --mainline"
 		;;
 	*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
@@ -1230,15 +1106,15 @@ _git_cherry_pick ()
 
 _git_clean ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--dry-run --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for -x option ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --directory"
 }
 
 _git_clone ()
@@ -1258,20 +1134,28 @@ _git_clone ()
 			--upload-pack
 			--template=
 			--depth
+			--single-branch
+			--branch
 			"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
+__git_untracked_file_modes="all no normal"
+
 _git_commit ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
+	case "$prev" in
+	-c|-C)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur}"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
 
 	case "$cur" in
 	--cleanup=*)
-		__gitcomp "default strip verbatim whitespace
+		__gitcomp "default scissors strip verbatim whitespace
 			" "" "${cur##--cleanup=}"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1281,13 +1165,14 @@ _git_commit ()
 		return
 		;;
 	--untracked-files=*)
-		__gitcomp "all no normal" "" "${cur##--untracked-files=}"
+		__gitcomp "$__git_untracked_file_modes" "" "${cur##--untracked-files=}"
 		return
 		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--all --author= --signoff --verify --no-verify
-			--edit --amend --include --only --interactive
+			--edit --no-edit
+			--amend --include --only --interactive
 			--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
 			--reset-author --file= --message= --template=
 			--cleanup= --untracked-files --untracked-files=
@@ -1295,7 +1180,13 @@ _git_commit ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if git rev-parse --verify --quiet HEAD >/dev/null; then
+		__git_complete_index_file "--committable"
+	else
+		# This is the first commit
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_describe ()
@@ -1311,20 +1202,23 @@ _git_describe ()
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
+__git_diff_algorithms="myers minimal patience histogram"
+
 __git_diff_common_options="--stat --numstat --shortstat --summary
 			--patch-with-stat --name-only --name-status --color
 			--no-color --color-words --no-renames --check
 			--full-index --binary --abbrev --diff-filter=
 			--find-copies-harder
 			--text --ignore-space-at-eol --ignore-space-change
-			--ignore-all-space --exit-code --quiet --ext-diff
-			--no-ext-diff
+			--ignore-all-space --ignore-blank-lines --exit-code
+			--quiet --ext-diff --no-ext-diff
 			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
 			--inter-hunk-context=
-			--patience
-			--raw
+			--patience --histogram --minimal
+			--raw --word-diff --word-diff-regex=
 			--dirstat --dirstat= --dirstat-by-file
 			--dirstat-by-file= --cumulative
+			--diff-algorithm=
 "
 
 _git_diff ()
@@ -1332,6 +1226,10 @@ _git_diff ()
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --staged --pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
 			--base --ours --theirs --no-index
@@ -1343,8 +1241,8 @@ _git_diff ()
 	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
-__git_mergetools_common="diffuse ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
-			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge bc3
+__git_mergetools_common="diffuse diffmerge ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
+			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge bc codecompare
 "
 
 _git_difftool ()
@@ -1365,17 +1263,23 @@ _git_difftool ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	__git_complete_file
+	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
+__git_fetch_recurse_submodules="yes on-demand no"
+
 __git_fetch_options="
 	--quiet --verbose --append --upload-pack --force --keep --depth=
-	--tags --no-tags --all --prune --dry-run
+	--tags --no-tags --all --prune --dry-run --recurse-submodules=
 "
 
 _git_fetch ()
 {
 	case "$cur" in
+	--recurse-submodules=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_fetch_recurse_submodules" "" "${cur##--recurse-submodules=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_fetch_options"
 		return
@@ -1384,6 +1288,15 @@ _git_fetch ()
 	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
 }
 
+__git_format_patch_options="
+	--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread= --no-thread
+	--numbered --start-number --numbered-files --keep-subject --signoff
+	--signature --no-signature --in-reply-to= --cc= --full-index --binary
+	--not --all --cover-letter --no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
+	--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream --subject-prefix=
+	--output-directory --reroll-count --to= --quiet --notes
+"
+
 _git_format_patch ()
 {
 	case "$cur" in
@@ -1394,21 +1307,7 @@ _git_format_patch ()
 		return
 		;;
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "
-			--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread=
-			--output-directory
-			--numbered --start-number
-			--numbered-files
-			--keep-subject
-			--signoff --signature --no-signature
-			--in-reply-to= --cc=
-			--full-index --binary
-			--not --all
-			--cover-letter
-			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
-			--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream
-			--subject-prefix=
-			"
+		__gitcomp "$__git_format_patch_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
@@ -1426,7 +1325,6 @@ _git_fsck ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gc ()
@@ -1437,7 +1335,6 @@ _git_gc ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gitk ()
@@ -1446,7 +1343,7 @@ _git_gitk ()
 }
 
 __git_match_ctag() {
-	awk "/^${1////\\/}/ { print \$1 }" "$2"
+	awk "/^${1//\//\\/}/ { print \$1 }" "$2"
 }
 
 _git_grep ()
@@ -1461,6 +1358,7 @@ _git_grep ()
 			--full-name --line-number
 			--extended-regexp --basic-regexp --fixed-strings
 			--perl-regexp
+			--threads
 			--files-with-matches --name-only
 			--files-without-match
 			--max-depth
@@ -1487,15 +1385,15 @@ _git_help ()
 {
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "--all --info --man --web"
+		__gitcomp "--all --guides --info --man --web"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
 	__git_compute_all_commands
 	__gitcomp "$__git_all_commands $(__git_aliases)
 		attributes cli core-tutorial cvs-migration
-		diffcore gitk glossary hooks ignore modules
-		namespaces repository-layout tutorial tutorial-2
+		diffcore everyday gitk glossary hooks ignore modules
+		namespaces repository-layout revisions tutorial tutorial-2
 		workflows
 		"
 }
@@ -1514,13 +1412,10 @@ _git_init ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_ls_files ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --deleted --modified --others --ignored
@@ -1533,7 +1428,10 @@ _git_ls_files ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX ignore options like --modified and always suggest all cached
+	# files.
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_ls_remote ()
@@ -1566,7 +1464,7 @@ __git_log_gitk_options="
 # Options that go well for log and shortlog (not gitk)
 __git_log_shortlog_options="
 	--author= --committer= --grep=
-	--all-match
+	--all-match --invert-grep
 "
 
 __git_log_pretty_formats="oneline short medium full fuller email raw format:"
@@ -1592,7 +1490,7 @@ _git_log ()
 		return
 		;;
 	--decorate=*)
-		__gitcomp "long short" "" "${cur##--decorate=}"
+		__gitcomp "full short no" "" "${cur##--decorate=}"
 		return
 		;;
 	--*)
@@ -1605,6 +1503,8 @@ _git_log ()
 			--abbrev-commit --abbrev=
 			--relative-date --date=
 			--pretty= --format= --oneline
+			--show-signature
+			--cherry-mark
 			--cherry-pick
 			--graph
 			--decorate --decorate=
@@ -1620,9 +1520,12 @@ _git_log ()
 	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
+# Common merge options shared by git-merge(1) and git-pull(1).
 __git_merge_options="
 	--no-commit --no-stat --log --no-log --squash --strategy
-	--commit --stat --no-squash --ff --no-ff --ff-only
+	--commit --stat --no-squash --ff --no-ff --ff-only --edit --no-edit
+	--verify-signatures --no-verify-signatures --gpg-sign
+	--quiet --verbose --progress --no-progress
 "
 
 _git_merge ()
@@ -1631,7 +1534,8 @@ _git_merge ()
 
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_options"
+		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_options
+			--rerere-autoupdate --no-rerere-autoupdate --abort"
 		return
 	esac
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
@@ -1649,11 +1553,16 @@ _git_mergetool ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_merge_base ()
 {
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--octopus --independent --is-ancestor --fork-point"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
@@ -1665,7 +1574,14 @@ _git_mv ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if [ $(__git_count_arguments "mv") -gt 0 ]; then
+		# We need to show both cached and untracked files (including
+		# empty directories) since this may not be the last argument.
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached --others --directory"
+	else
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_name_rev ()
@@ -1683,7 +1599,7 @@ _git_notes ()
 		__gitcomp '--ref'
 		;;
 	,*)
-		case "${words[cword-1]}" in
+		case "$prev" in
 		--ref)
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 			;;
@@ -1709,7 +1625,7 @@ _git_notes ()
 	prune,*)
 		;;
 	*)
-		case "${words[cword-1]}" in
+		case "$prev" in
 		-m|-F)
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -1725,6 +1641,10 @@ _git_pull ()
 	__git_complete_strategy && return
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--recurse-submodules=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_fetch_recurse_submodules" "" "${cur##--recurse-submodules=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--rebase --no-rebase
@@ -1737,22 +1657,55 @@ _git_pull ()
 	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
 }
 
+__git_push_recurse_submodules="check on-demand"
+
+__git_complete_force_with_lease ()
+{
+	local cur_=$1
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	--*=)
+		;;
+	*:*)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur_#*:}"
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "$cur_"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
 _git_push ()
 {
 	case "$prev" in
 	--repo)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
+		;;
+	--recurse-submodules)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_push_recurse_submodules"
+		return
+		;;
 	esac
 	case "$cur" in
 	--repo=*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)" "" "${cur##--repo=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--recurse-submodules=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_push_recurse_submodules" "" "${cur##--recurse-submodules=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--force-with-lease=*)
+		__git_complete_force_with_lease "${cur##--force-with-lease=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--all --mirror --tags --dry-run --force --verbose
+			--quiet --prune --delete --follow-tags
 			--receive-pack= --repo= --set-upstream
+			--force-with-lease --force-with-lease= --recurse-submodules=
 		"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1763,7 +1716,10 @@ _git_push ()
 _git_rebase ()
 {
 	local dir="$(__gitdir)"
-	if [ -d "$dir"/rebase-apply ] || [ -d "$dir"/rebase-merge ]; then
+	if [ -f "$dir"/rebase-merge/interactive ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--continue --skip --abort --edit-todo"
+		return
+	elif [ -d "$dir"/rebase-apply ] || [ -d "$dir"/rebase-merge ]; then
 		__gitcomp "--continue --skip --abort"
 		return
 	fi
@@ -1779,7 +1735,12 @@ _git_rebase ()
 			--preserve-merges --stat --no-stat
 			--committer-date-is-author-date --ignore-date
 			--ignore-whitespace --whitespace=
-			--autosquash
+			--autosquash --no-autosquash
+			--fork-point --no-fork-point
+			--autostash --no-autostash
+			--verify --no-verify
+			--keep-empty --root --force-rebase --no-ff
+			--exec
 			"
 
 		return
@@ -1804,6 +1765,15 @@ __git_send_email_suppresscc_options="author self cc bodycc sob cccmd body all"
 
 _git_send_email ()
 {
+	case "$prev" in
+	--to|--cc|--bcc|--from)
+		__gitcomp "
+		$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" send-email --dump-aliases 2>/dev/null)
+		"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+
 	case "$cur" in
 	--confirm=*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1822,6 +1792,18 @@ _git_send_email ()
 		__gitcomp "ssl tls" "" "${cur##--smtp-encryption=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--thread=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			deep shallow
+			" "" "${cur##--thread=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--to=*|--cc=*|--bcc=*|--from=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+		$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" send-email --dump-aliases 2>/dev/null)
+		" "" "${cur#--*=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--annotate --bcc --cc --cc-cmd --chain-reply-to
 			--compose --confirm= --dry-run --envelope-sender
@@ -1831,11 +1813,12 @@ _git_send_email ()
 			--signed-off-by-cc --smtp-pass --smtp-server
 			--smtp-server-port --smtp-encryption= --smtp-user
 			--subject --suppress-cc= --suppress-from --thread --to
-			--validate --no-validate"
+			--validate --no-validate
+			$__git_format_patch_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
 _git_stage ()
@@ -1843,13 +1826,63 @@ _git_stage ()
 	_git_add
 }
 
+_git_status ()
+{
+	local complete_opt
+	local untracked_state
+
+	case "$cur" in
+	--ignore-submodules=*)
+		__gitcomp "none untracked dirty all" "" "${cur##--ignore-submodules=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--untracked-files=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_untracked_file_modes" "" "${cur##--untracked-files=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--column=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			always never auto column row plain dense nodense
+			" "" "${cur##--column=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--short --branch --porcelain --long --verbose
+			--untracked-files= --ignore-submodules= --ignored
+			--column= --no-column
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	untracked_state="$(__git_get_option_value "-u" "--untracked-files=" \
+		"$__git_untracked_file_modes" "status.showUntrackedFiles")"
+
+	case "$untracked_state" in
+	no)
+		# --ignored option does not matter
+		complete_opt=
+		;;
+	all|normal|*)
+		complete_opt="--cached --directory --no-empty-directory --others"
+
+		if [ -n "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "--ignored")" ]; then
+			complete_opt="$complete_opt --ignored --exclude=*"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	__git_complete_index_file "$complete_opt"
+}
+
 __git_config_get_set_variables ()
 {
 	local prevword word config_file= c=$cword
 	while [ $c -gt 1 ]; do
 		word="${words[c]}"
 		case "$word" in
-		--global|--system|--file=*)
+		--system|--global|--local|--file=*)
 			config_file="$word"
 			break
 			;;
@@ -1862,21 +1895,13 @@ __git_config_get_set_variables ()
 		c=$((--c))
 	done
 
-	git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config $config_file --list 2>/dev/null |
-	while read line
-	do
-		case "$line" in
-		*.*=*)
-			echo "${line/=*/}"
-			;;
-		esac
-	done
+	git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config $config_file --name-only --list 2>/dev/null
 }
 
 _git_config ()
 {
 	case "$prev" in
-	branch.*.remote)
+	branch.*.remote|branch.*.pushremote)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1884,11 +1909,19 @@ _git_config ()
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		return
 		;;
+	branch.*.rebase)
+		__gitcomp "false true preserve interactive"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.pushdefault)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
+		return
+		;;
 	remote.*.fetch)
 		local remote="${prev#remote.}"
 		remote="${remote%.fetch}"
 		if [ -z "$cur" ]; then
-			COMPREPLY=("refs/heads/")
+			__gitcomp_nl "refs/heads/" "" "" ""
 			return
 		fi
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs_remotes "$remote")"
@@ -1923,6 +1956,10 @@ _git_config ()
 			"
 		return
 		;;
+	diff.submodule)
+		__gitcomp "log short"
+		return
+		;;
 	help.format)
 		__gitcomp "man info web html"
 		return
@@ -1943,34 +1980,39 @@ _git_config ()
 		__gitcomp "$__git_send_email_suppresscc_options"
 		return
 		;;
+	sendemail.transferencoding)
+		__gitcomp "7bit 8bit quoted-printable base64"
+		return
+		;;
 	--get|--get-all|--unset|--unset-all)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_config_get_set_variables)"
 		return
 		;;
 	*.*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
-			--global --system --file=
+			--system --global --local --file=
 			--list --replace-all
 			--get --get-all --get-regexp
 			--add --unset --unset-all
 			--remove-section --rename-section
+			--name-only
 			"
 		return
 		;;
 	branch.*.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur##*.}"
-		__gitcomp "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+		__gitcomp "remote pushremote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	branch.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur#*.}"
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_heads)" "$pfx" "$cur_" "."
+		__gitcomp_nl_append $'autosetupmerge\nautosetuprebase\n' "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	guitool.*.*)
@@ -2013,6 +2055,7 @@ _git_config ()
 	remote.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur#*.}"
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)" "$pfx" "$cur_" "."
+		__gitcomp_nl_append "pushdefault" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	url.*.*)
@@ -2076,6 +2119,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		color.status.changed
 		color.status.header
 		color.status.nobranch
+		color.status.unmerged
 		color.status.untracked
 		color.status.updated
 		color.ui
@@ -2096,7 +2140,6 @@ _git_config ()
 		core.fileMode
 		core.fsyncobjectfiles
 		core.gitProxy
-		core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks
 		core.ignoreStat
 		core.ignorecase
 		core.logAllRefUpdates
@@ -2114,6 +2157,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		core.sparseCheckout
 		core.symlinks
 		core.trustctime
+		core.untrackedCache
 		core.warnAmbiguousRefs
 		core.whitespace
 		core.worktree
@@ -2124,15 +2168,19 @@ _git_config ()
 		diff.noprefix
 		diff.renameLimit
 		diff.renames
+		diff.statGraphWidth
+		diff.submodule
 		diff.suppressBlankEmpty
 		diff.tool
 		diff.wordRegex
+		diff.algorithm
 		difftool.
 		difftool.prompt
 		fetch.recurseSubmodules
 		fetch.unpackLimit
 		format.attach
 		format.cc
+		format.coverLetter
 		format.headers
 		format.numbered
 		format.pretty
@@ -2184,6 +2232,8 @@ _git_config ()
 		http.noEPSV
 		http.postBuffer
 		http.proxy
+		http.sslCipherList
+		http.sslVersion
 		http.sslCAInfo
 		http.sslCAPath
 		http.sslCert
@@ -2247,6 +2297,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		pull.octopus
 		pull.twohead
 		push.default
+		push.followTags
 		rebase.autosquash
 		rebase.stat
 		receive.autogc
@@ -2257,6 +2308,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		receive.fsckObjects
 		receive.unpackLimit
 		receive.updateserverinfo
+		remote.pushdefault
 		remotes.
 		repack.usedeltabaseoffset
 		rerere.autoupdate
@@ -2304,7 +2356,7 @@ _git_config ()
 
 _git_remote ()
 {
-	local subcommands="add rename rm show prune update set-head"
+	local subcommands="add rename remove set-head set-branches set-url show prune update"
 	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
 	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
 		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
@@ -2312,19 +2364,16 @@ _git_remote ()
 	fi
 
 	case "$subcommand" in
-	rename|rm|show|prune)
+	rename|remove|set-url|show|prune)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		;;
+	set-head|set-branches)
+		__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
+		;;
 	update)
-		local i c='' IFS=$'\n'
-		for i in $(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config --get-regexp "remotes\..*" 2>/dev/null); do
-			i="${i#remotes.}"
-			c="$c ${i/ */}"
-		done
-		__gitcomp "$c"
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_get_config_variables "remotes")"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -2349,6 +2398,11 @@ _git_reset ()
 
 _git_revert ()
 {
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -f "$dir"/REVERT_HEAD ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--continue --quit --abort"
+		return
+	fi
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--edit --mainline --no-edit --no-commit --signoff"
@@ -2360,15 +2414,14 @@ _git_revert ()
 
 _git_rm ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --dry-run --ignore-unmatch --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_shortlog ()
@@ -2398,14 +2451,19 @@ _git_show ()
 			" "" "${cur#*=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--pretty= --format= --abbrev-commit --oneline
+			--show-signature
 			$__git_diff_common_options
 			"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	__git_complete_file
+	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
 _git_show_branch ()
@@ -2413,7 +2471,7 @@ _git_show_branch ()
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
-			--all --remotes --topo-order --current --more=
+			--all --remotes --topo-order --date-order --current --more=
 			--list --independent --merge-base --no-name
 			--color --no-color
 			--sha1-name --sparse --topics --reflog
@@ -2426,7 +2484,7 @@ _git_show_branch ()
 
 _git_stash ()
 {
-	local save_opts='--keep-index --no-keep-index --quiet --patch'
+	local save_opts='--all --keep-index --no-keep-index --quiet --patch --include-untracked'
 	local subcommands='save list show apply clear drop pop create branch'
 	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
 	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
@@ -2437,8 +2495,6 @@ _git_stash ()
 		*)
 			if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$save_opts")" ]; then
 				__gitcomp "$subcommands"
-			else
-				COMPREPLY=()
 			fi
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -2450,15 +2506,24 @@ _git_stash ()
 		apply,--*|pop,--*)
 			__gitcomp "--index --quiet"
 			;;
-		show,--*|drop,--*|branch,--*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
+		drop,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--quiet"
 			;;
-		show,*|apply,*|drop,*|pop,*|branch,*)
+		show,--*|branch,--*)
+			;;
+		branch,*)
+			if [ $cword -eq 3 ]; then
+				__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)";
+			else
+				__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" stash list \
+						| sed -n -e 's/:.*//p')"
+			fi
+			;;
+		show,*|apply,*|drop,*|pop,*)
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" stash list \
 					| sed -n -e 's/:.*//p')"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2468,7 +2533,7 @@ _git_submodule ()
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local subcommands="add status init update summary foreach sync"
+	local subcommands="add status init deinit update summary foreach sync"
 	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
 		case "$cur" in
 		--*)
@@ -2500,7 +2565,7 @@ _git_svn ()
 			--no-metadata --use-svm-props --use-svnsync-props
 			--log-window-size= --no-checkout --quiet
 			--repack-flags --use-log-author --localtime
-			--ignore-paths= $remote_opts
+			--ignore-paths= --include-paths= $remote_opts
 			"
 		local init_opts="
 			--template= --shared= --trunk= --tags=
@@ -2527,7 +2592,7 @@ _git_svn ()
 			__gitcomp "
 				--merge --strategy= --verbose --dry-run
 				--fetch-all --no-rebase --commit-url
-				--revision $cmt_opts $fc_opts
+				--revision --interactive $cmt_opts $fc_opts
 				"
 			;;
 		set-tree,--*)
@@ -2575,7 +2640,6 @@ _git_svn ()
 			__gitcomp "--revision= --parent"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2595,24 +2659,31 @@ _git_tag ()
 			f=1
 			;;
 		esac
-		c=$((++c))
+		((c++))
 	done
 
 	case "$prev" in
 	-m|-F)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	-*|tag)
 		if [ $f = 1 ]; then
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_tags)"
-		else
-			COMPREPLY=()
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		;;
 	esac
+
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--list --delete --verify --annotate --message --file
+			--sign --cleanup --local-user --force --column --sort
+			--contains --points-at
+			"
+		;;
+	esac
 }
 
 _git_whatchanged ()
@@ -2620,31 +2691,45 @@ _git_whatchanged ()
 	_git_log
 }
 
-_git ()
+_git_worktree ()
 {
-	local i c=1 command __git_dir
-
-	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-		emulate -L bash
-		setopt KSH_TYPESET
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that leaves 'words' as a special
-		# variable in versions < 4.3.12
-		typeset -h words
+	local subcommands="add list prune"
+	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
+	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
+		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+	else
+		case "$subcommand,$cur" in
+		add,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--detach"
+			;;
+		list,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--porcelain"
+			;;
+		prune,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--dry-run --expire --verbose"
+			;;
+		*)
+			;;
+		esac
 	fi
+}
+
+__git_main ()
+{
+	local i c=1 command __git_dir
 
-	local cur words cword prev
-	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword prev
 	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
 		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
 		--git-dir=*) __git_dir="${i#--git-dir=}" ;;
+		--git-dir)   ((c++)) ; __git_dir="${words[c]}" ;;
 		--bare)      __git_dir="." ;;
-		--version|-p|--paginate) ;;
 		--help) command="help"; break ;;
+		-c|--work-tree|--namespace) ((c++)) ;;
+		-*) ;;
 		*) command="$i"; break ;;
 		esac
-		c=$((++c))
+		((c++))
 	done
 
 	if [ -z "$command" ]; then
@@ -2656,9 +2741,13 @@ _git ()
 			--bare
 			--version
 			--exec-path
+			--exec-path=
 			--html-path
+			--man-path
+			--info-path
 			--work-tree=
 			--namespace=
+			--no-replace-objects
 			--help
 			"
 			;;
@@ -2673,25 +2762,14 @@ _git ()
 
 	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
 	if [ -n "$expansion" ]; then
+		words[1]=$expansion
 		completion_func="_git_${expansion//-/_}"
 		declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
 	fi
 }
 
-_gitk ()
+__gitk_main ()
 {
-	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-		emulate -L bash
-		setopt KSH_TYPESET
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that leaves 'words' as a special
-		# variable in versions < 4.3.12
-		typeset -h words
-	fi
-
-	local cur words cword prev
-	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword prev
-
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
 	local g="$(__gitdir)"
@@ -2712,46 +2790,107 @@ _gitk ()
 	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
-complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _git git 2>/dev/null \
-	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _git git
-complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _gitk gitk 2>/dev/null \
-	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _gitk gitk
+if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+	echo "WARNING: this script is deprecated, please see git-completion.zsh" 1>&2
 
-# The following are necessary only for Cygwin, and only are needed
-# when the user has tab-completed the executable name and consequently
-# included the '.exe' suffix.
-#
-if [ Cygwin = "$(uname -o 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _git git.exe 2>/dev/null \
-	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _git git.exe
-fi
+	autoload -U +X compinit && compinit
 
-if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-	__git_shopt () {
-		local option
-		if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
-			echo "USAGE: $0 (-q|-s|-u) <option>" >&2
-			return 1
-		fi
-		case "$2" in
-		nullglob)
-			option="$2"
+	__gitcomp ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local cur_="${3-$cur}"
+
+		case "$cur_" in
+		--*=)
 			;;
 		*)
-			echo "$0: invalid option: $2" >&2
-			return 1
-		esac
-		case "$1" in
-		-q)	setopt | grep -q "$option" ;;
-		-u)	unsetopt "$option" ;;
-		-s)	setopt "$option" ;;
-		*)
-			echo "$0: invalid flag: $1" >&2
-			return 1
+			local c IFS=$' \t\n'
+			local -a array
+			for c in ${=1}; do
+				c="$c${4-}"
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				array[${#array[@]}+1]="$c"
+			done
+			compset -P '*[=:]'
+			compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
+			;;
 		esac
 	}
-else
-	__git_shopt () {
-		shopt "$@"
+
+	__gitcomp_nl ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+	}
+
+	__gitcomp_file ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+	}
+
+	_git ()
+	{
+		local _ret=1 cur cword prev
+		cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+		prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+		let cword=CURRENT-1
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+		let _ret && _default && _ret=0
+		return _ret
 	}
+
+	compdef _git git gitk
+	return
+fi
+
+__git_func_wrap ()
+{
+	local cur words cword prev
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword prev
+	$1
+}
+
+# Setup completion for certain functions defined above by setting common
+# variables and workarounds.
+# This is NOT a public function; use at your own risk.
+__git_complete ()
+{
+	local wrapper="__git_wrap${2}"
+	eval "$wrapper () { __git_func_wrap $2 ; }"
+	complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F $wrapper $1 2>/dev/null \
+		|| complete -o default -o nospace -F $wrapper $1
+}
+
+# wrapper for backwards compatibility
+_git ()
+{
+	__git_wrap__git_main
+}
+
+# wrapper for backwards compatibility
+_gitk ()
+{
+	__git_wrap__gitk_main
+}
+
+__git_complete git __git_main
+__git_complete gitk __gitk_main
+
+# The following are necessary only for Cygwin, and only are needed
+# when the user has tab-completed the executable name and consequently
+# included the '.exe' suffix.
+#
+if [ Cygwin = "$(uname -o 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+__git_complete git.exe __git_main
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a790d8f4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# tcsh completion support for core Git.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Marc Khouzam <marc.khouzam@gmail.com>
+# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
+#
+# When sourced, this script will generate a new script that uses
+# the git-completion.bash script provided by core Git.  This new
+# script can be used by tcsh to perform git completion.
+# The current script also issues the necessary tcsh 'complete'
+# commands.
+#
+# To use this completion script:
+#
+#    0) You need tcsh 6.16.00 or newer.
+#    1) Copy both this file and the bash completion script to ${HOME}.
+#       You _must_ use the name ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash for the
+#       bash script.
+#       (e.g. ~/.git-completion.tcsh and ~/.git-completion.bash).
+#    2) Add the following line to your .tcshrc/.cshrc:
+#        source ~/.git-completion.tcsh
+#    3) For completion similar to bash, it is recommended to also
+#       add the following line to your .tcshrc/.cshrc:
+#        set autolist=ambiguous
+#       It will tell tcsh to list the possible completion choices.
+
+set __git_tcsh_completion_version = `\echo ${tcsh} | \sed 's/\./ /g'`
+if ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} < 6 || \
+     ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} == 6 && \
+       ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[2]} < 16 ) ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Your version of tcsh is too old, you need version 6.16.00 or newer.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_version
+
+set __git_tcsh_completion_original_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash
+set __git_tcsh_completion_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.tcsh.bash
+
+# Check that the user put the script in the right place
+if ( ! -e ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script} ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Cannot find: ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+
+cat << EOF >! ${__git_tcsh_completion_script}
+#!bash
+#
+# This script is GENERATED and will be overwritten automatically.
+# Do not modify it directly.  Instead, modify git-completion.tcsh
+# and source it again.
+
+source ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}
+
+# Remove the colon as a completion separator because tcsh cannot handle it
+COMP_WORDBREAKS=\${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
+
+# For file completion, tcsh needs the '/' to be appended to directories.
+# By default, the bash script does not do that.
+# We can achieve this by using the below compatibility
+# method of the git-completion.bash script.
+__git_index_file_list_filter ()
+{
+	__git_index_file_list_filter_compat
+}
+
+# Set COMP_WORDS in a way that can be handled by the bash script.
+COMP_WORDS=(\$2)
+
+# The cursor is at the end of parameter #1.
+# We must check for a space as the last character which will
+# tell us that the previous word is complete and the cursor
+# is on the next word.
+if [ "\${2: -1}" == " " ]; then
+	# The last character is a space, so our location is at the end
+	# of the command-line array
+	COMP_CWORD=\${#COMP_WORDS[@]}
+else
+	# The last character is not a space, so our location is on the
+	# last word of the command-line array, so we must decrement the
+	# count by 1
+	COMP_CWORD=\$((\${#COMP_WORDS[@]}-1))
+fi
+
+# Call _git() or _gitk() of the bash script, based on the first argument
+_\${1}
+
+IFS=\$'\n'
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 0 ]; then
+	# No completions suggested.  In this case, we want tcsh to perform
+	# standard file completion.  However, there does not seem to be way
+	# to tell tcsh to do that.  To help the user, we try to simulate
+	# file completion directly in this script.
+	#
+	# Known issues:
+	#     - Possible completions are shown with their directory prefix.
+	#     - Completions containing shell variables are not handled.
+	#     - Completions with ~ as the first character are not handled.
+
+	# No file completion should be done unless we are completing beyond
+	# the git sub-command.  An improvement on the bash completion :)
+	if [ \${COMP_CWORD} -gt 1 ]; then
+		TO_COMPLETE="\${COMP_WORDS[\${COMP_CWORD}]}"
+
+		# We don't support ~ expansion: too tricky.
+		if [ "\${TO_COMPLETE:0:1}" != "~" ]; then
+			# Use ls so as to add the '/' at the end of directories.
+			COMPREPLY=(\`ls -dp \${TO_COMPLETE}* 2> /dev/null\`)
+		fi
+	fi
+fi
+
+# tcsh does not automatically remove duplicates, so we do it ourselves
+echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}" | sort | uniq
+
+# If there is a single completion and it is a directory, we output it
+# a second time to trick tcsh into not adding a space after it.
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 1 ] && [ "\${COMPREPLY[0]: -1}" == "/" ]; then
+	echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}"
+fi
+
+EOF
+
+# Don't need this variable anymore, so don't pollute the users environment
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_original_script
+
+complete git  'p,*,`bash ${__git_tcsh_completion_script} git "${COMMAND_LINE}"`,'
+complete gitk 'p,*,`bash ${__git_tcsh_completion_script} gitk "${COMMAND_LINE}"`,'
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e25541308a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#compdef git gitk
+
+# zsh completion wrapper for git
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Felipe Contreras <felipe.contreras@gmail.com>
+#
+# You need git's bash completion script installed somewhere, by default it
+# would be the location bash-completion uses.
+#
+# If your script is somewhere else, you can configure it on your ~/.zshrc:
+#
+#  zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' script ~/.git-completion.zsh
+#
+# The recommended way to install this script is to copy to '~/.zsh/_git', and
+# then add the following to your ~/.zshrc file:
+#
+#  fpath=(~/.zsh $fpath)
+
+complete ()
+{
+	# do nothing
+	return 0
+}
+
+zstyle -T ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order && \
+	zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order 'common-commands'
+
+zstyle -s ":completion:*:*:git:*" script script
+if [ -z "$script" ]; then
+	local -a locations
+	local e
+	locations=(
+		$(dirname ${funcsourcetrace[1]%:*})/git-completion.bash
+		'/etc/bash_completion.d/git' # fedora, old debian
+		'/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/git' # arch, ubuntu, new debian
+		'/usr/share/bash-completion/git' # gentoo
+		)
+	for e in $locations; do
+		test -f $e && script="$e" && break
+	done
+fi
+ZSH_VERSION='' . "$script"
+
+__gitcomp ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local cur_="${3-$cur}"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	--*=)
+		;;
+	*)
+		local c IFS=$' \t\n'
+		local -a array
+		for c in ${=1}; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			case $c in
+			--*=*|*.) ;;
+			*) c="$c " ;;
+			esac
+			array+=("$c")
+		done
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+__gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__gitcomp_nl_append ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_bash_func ()
+{
+	emulate -L ksh
+
+	local command=$1
+
+	local completion_func="_git_${command//-/_}"
+	declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func && return
+
+	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
+	if [ -n "$expansion" ]; then
+		words[1]=$expansion
+		completion_func="_git_${expansion//-/_}"
+		declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
+	fi
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_common ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(
+	add:'add file contents to the index'
+	bisect:'find by binary search the change that introduced a bug'
+	branch:'list, create, or delete branches'
+	checkout:'checkout a branch or paths to the working tree'
+	clone:'clone a repository into a new directory'
+	commit:'record changes to the repository'
+	diff:'show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc'
+	fetch:'download objects and refs from another repository'
+	grep:'print lines matching a pattern'
+	init:'create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one'
+	log:'show commit logs'
+	merge:'join two or more development histories together'
+	mv:'move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink'
+	pull:'fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch'
+	push:'update remote refs along with associated objects'
+	rebase:'forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head'
+	reset:'reset current HEAD to the specified state'
+	rm:'remove files from the working tree and from the index'
+	show:'show various types of objects'
+	status:'show the working tree status'
+	tag:'create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG')
+	_describe -t common-commands 'common commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_alias ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(${${${(0)"$(git config -z --get-regexp '^alias\.')"}#alias.}%$'\n'*})
+	_describe -t alias-commands 'aliases' list $* && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_all ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	emulate ksh -c __git_compute_all_commands
+	list=( ${=__git_all_commands} )
+	_describe -t all-commands 'all commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_main ()
+{
+	local curcontext="$curcontext" state state_descr line
+	typeset -A opt_args
+	local -a orig_words
+
+	orig_words=( ${words[@]} )
+
+	_arguments -C \
+		'(-p --paginate --no-pager)'{-p,--paginate}'[pipe all output into ''less'']' \
+		'(-p --paginate)--no-pager[do not pipe git output into a pager]' \
+		'--git-dir=-[set the path to the repository]: :_directories' \
+		'--bare[treat the repository as a bare repository]' \
+		'(- :)--version[prints the git suite version]' \
+		'--exec-path=-[path to where your core git programs are installed]:: :_directories' \
+		'--html-path[print the path where git''s HTML documentation is installed]' \
+		'--info-path[print the path where the Info files are installed]' \
+		'--man-path[print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages]' \
+		'--work-tree=-[set the path to the working tree]: :_directories' \
+		'--namespace=-[set the git namespace]' \
+		'--no-replace-objects[do not use replacement refs to replace git objects]' \
+		'(- :)--help[prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands]: :->arg' \
+		'(-): :->command' \
+		'(-)*:: :->arg' && return
+
+	case $state in
+	(command)
+		_alternative \
+                         'alias-commands:alias:__git_zsh_cmd_alias' \
+                         'common-commands:common:__git_zsh_cmd_common' \
+                         'all-commands:all:__git_zsh_cmd_all' && _ret=0
+		;;
+	(arg)
+		local command="${words[1]}" __git_dir
+
+		if (( $+opt_args[--bare] )); then
+			__git_dir='.'
+		else
+			__git_dir=${opt_args[--git-dir]}
+		fi
+
+		(( $+opt_args[--help] )) && command='help'
+
+		words=( ${orig_words[@]} )
+
+		__git_zsh_bash_func $command
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git ()
+{
+	local _ret=1
+	local cur cword prev
+
+	cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+	prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+	let cword=CURRENT-1
+
+	if (( $+functions[__${service}_zsh_main] )); then
+		__${service}_zsh_main
+	else
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+	fi
+
+	let _ret && _default && _ret=0
+	return _ret
+}
+
+_git
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97eacd7832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+# bash/zsh git prompt support
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
+# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
+#
+# This script allows you to see repository status in your prompt.
+#
+# To enable:
+#
+#    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-prompt.sh).
+#    2) Add the following line to your .bashrc/.zshrc:
+#        source ~/.git-prompt.sh
+#    3a) Change your PS1 to call __git_ps1 as
+#        command-substitution:
+#        Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        ZSH:  setopt PROMPT_SUBST ; PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        the optional argument will be used as format string.
+#    3b) Alternatively, for a slightly faster prompt, __git_ps1 can
+#        be used for PROMPT_COMMAND in Bash or for precmd() in Zsh
+#        with two parameters, <pre> and <post>, which are strings
+#        you would put in $PS1 before and after the status string
+#        generated by the git-prompt machinery.  e.g.
+#        Bash: PROMPT_COMMAND='__git_ps1 "\u@\h:\w" "\\\$ "'
+#          will show username, at-sign, host, colon, cwd, then
+#          various status string, followed by dollar and SP, as
+#          your prompt.
+#        ZSH:  precmd () { __git_ps1 "%n" ":%~$ " "|%s" }
+#          will show username, pipe, then various status string,
+#          followed by colon, cwd, dollar and SP, as your prompt.
+#        Optionally, you can supply a third argument with a printf
+#        format string to finetune the output of the branch status
+#
+# The repository status will be displayed only if you are currently in a
+# git repository. The %s token is the placeholder for the shown status.
+#
+# The prompt status always includes the current branch name.
+#
+# In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty value,
+# unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next to the branch
+# name.  You can configure this per-repository with the
+# bash.showDirtyState variable, which defaults to true once
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE is enabled.
+#
+# You can also see if currently something is stashed, by setting
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE to a nonempty value. If something is stashed,
+# then a '$' will be shown next to the branch name.
+#
+# If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're untracked
+# files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.  You can
+# configure this per-repository with the bash.showUntrackedFiles
+# variable, which defaults to true once GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES is
+# enabled.
+#
+# If you would like to see the difference between HEAD and its upstream,
+# set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="auto".  A "<" indicates you are behind, ">"
+# indicates you are ahead, "<>" indicates you have diverged and "="
+# indicates that there is no difference. You can further control
+# behaviour by setting GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM to a space-separated list
+# of values:
+#
+#     verbose       show number of commits ahead/behind (+/-) upstream
+#     name          if verbose, then also show the upstream abbrev name
+#     legacy        don't use the '--count' option available in recent
+#                   versions of git-rev-list
+#     git           always compare HEAD to @{upstream}
+#     svn           always compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
+#
+# You can change the separator between the branch name and the above
+# state symbols by setting GIT_PS1_STATESEPARATOR. The default separator
+# is SP.
+#
+# By default, __git_ps1 will compare HEAD to your SVN upstream if it can
+# find one, or @{upstream} otherwise.  Once you have set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM, you can override it on a per-repository basis by
+# setting the bash.showUpstream config variable.
+#
+# If you would like to see more information about the identity of
+# commits checked out as a detached HEAD, set GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE
+# to one of these values:
+#
+#     contains      relative to newer annotated tag (v1.6.3.2~35)
+#     branch        relative to newer tag or branch (master~4)
+#     describe      relative to older annotated tag (v1.6.3.1-13-gdd42c2f)
+#     default       exactly matching tag
+#
+# If you would like a colored hint about the current dirty state, set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS to a nonempty value. The colors are based on
+# the colored output of "git status -sb" and are available only when
+# using __git_ps1 for PROMPT_COMMAND or precmd.
+#
+# If you would like __git_ps1 to do nothing in the case when the current
+# directory is set up to be ignored by git, then set
+# GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED to a nonempty value. Override this on the
+# repository level by setting bash.hideIfPwdIgnored to "false".
+
+# check whether printf supports -v
+__git_printf_supports_v=
+printf -v __git_printf_supports_v -- '%s' yes >/dev/null 2>&1
+
+# stores the divergence from upstream in $p
+# used by GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM
+__git_ps1_show_upstream ()
+{
+	local key value
+	local svn_remote svn_url_pattern count n
+	local upstream=git legacy="" verbose="" name=""
+
+	svn_remote=()
+	# get some config options from git-config
+	local output="$(git config -z --get-regexp '^(svn-remote\..*\.url|bash\.showupstream)$' 2>/dev/null | tr '\0\n' '\n ')"
+	while read -r key value; do
+		case "$key" in
+		bash.showupstream)
+			GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="$value"
+			if [[ -z "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}" ]]; then
+				p=""
+				return
+			fi
+			;;
+		svn-remote.*.url)
+			svn_remote[$((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1))]="$value"
+			svn_url_pattern="$svn_url_pattern\\|$value"
+			upstream=svn+git # default upstream is SVN if available, else git
+			;;
+		esac
+	done <<< "$output"
+
+	# parse configuration values
+	for option in ${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}; do
+		case "$option" in
+		git|svn) upstream="$option" ;;
+		verbose) verbose=1 ;;
+		legacy)  legacy=1  ;;
+		name)    name=1 ;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	# Find our upstream
+	case "$upstream" in
+	git)    upstream="@{upstream}" ;;
+	svn*)
+		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
+		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
+		local -a svn_upstream
+		svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
+					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
+		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
+			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2]}
+			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
+			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
+			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; n++)); do
+				svn_upstream=${svn_upstream#${svn_remote[$n]}}
+			done
+
+			if [[ -z "$svn_upstream" ]]; then
+				# default branch name for checkouts with no layout:
+				upstream=${GIT_SVN_ID:-git-svn}
+			else
+				upstream=${svn_upstream#/}
+			fi
+		elif [[ "svn+git" = "$upstream" ]]; then
+			upstream="@{upstream}"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# Find how many commits we are ahead/behind our upstream
+	if [[ -z "$legacy" ]]; then
+		count="$(git rev-list --count --left-right \
+				"$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+	else
+		# produce equivalent output to --count for older versions of git
+		local commits
+		if commits="$(git rev-list --left-right "$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+		then
+			local commit behind=0 ahead=0
+			for commit in $commits
+			do
+				case "$commit" in
+				"<"*) ((behind++)) ;;
+				*)    ((ahead++))  ;;
+				esac
+			done
+			count="$behind	$ahead"
+		else
+			count=""
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	# calculate the result
+	if [[ -z "$verbose" ]]; then
+		case "$count" in
+		"") # no upstream
+			p="" ;;
+		"0	0") # equal to upstream
+			p="=" ;;
+		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
+			p=">" ;;
+		*"	0") # behind upstream
+			p="<" ;;
+		*)	    # diverged from upstream
+			p="<>" ;;
+		esac
+	else
+		case "$count" in
+		"") # no upstream
+			p="" ;;
+		"0	0") # equal to upstream
+			p=" u=" ;;
+		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
+			p=" u+${count#0	}" ;;
+		*"	0") # behind upstream
+			p=" u-${count%	0}" ;;
+		*)	    # diverged from upstream
+			p=" u+${count#*	}-${count%	*}" ;;
+		esac
+		if [[ -n "$count" && -n "$name" ]]; then
+			__git_ps1_upstream_name=$(git rev-parse \
+				--abbrev-ref "$upstream" 2>/dev/null)
+			if [ $pcmode = yes ] && [ $ps1_expanded = yes ]; then
+				p="$p \${__git_ps1_upstream_name}"
+			else
+				p="$p ${__git_ps1_upstream_name}"
+				# not needed anymore; keep user's
+				# environment clean
+				unset __git_ps1_upstream_name
+			fi
+		fi
+	fi
+
+}
+
+# Helper function that is meant to be called from __git_ps1.  It
+# injects color codes into the appropriate gitstring variables used
+# to build a gitstring.
+__git_ps1_colorize_gitstring ()
+{
+	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+		local c_red='%F{red}'
+		local c_green='%F{green}'
+		local c_lblue='%F{blue}'
+		local c_clear='%f'
+	else
+		# Using \[ and \] around colors is necessary to prevent
+		# issues with command line editing/browsing/completion!
+		local c_red='\[\e[31m\]'
+		local c_green='\[\e[32m\]'
+		local c_lblue='\[\e[1;34m\]'
+		local c_clear='\[\e[0m\]'
+	fi
+	local bad_color=$c_red
+	local ok_color=$c_green
+	local flags_color="$c_lblue"
+
+	local branch_color=""
+	if [ $detached = no ]; then
+		branch_color="$ok_color"
+	else
+		branch_color="$bad_color"
+	fi
+	c="$branch_color$c"
+
+	z="$c_clear$z"
+	if [ "$w" = "*" ]; then
+		w="$bad_color$w"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$i" ]; then
+		i="$ok_color$i"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$s" ]; then
+		s="$flags_color$s"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$u" ]; then
+		u="$bad_color$u"
+	fi
+	r="$c_clear$r"
+}
+
+__git_eread ()
+{
+	local f="$1"
+	shift
+	test -r "$f" && read "$@" <"$f"
+}
+
+# __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
+# when called from PS1 using command substitution
+# in this mode it prints text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
+#
+# __git_ps1 requires 2 or 3 arguments when called from PROMPT_COMMAND (pc)
+# in that case it _sets_ PS1. The arguments are parts of a PS1 string.
+# when two arguments are given, the first is prepended and the second appended
+# to the state string when assigned to PS1.
+# The optional third parameter will be used as printf format string to further
+# customize the output of the git-status string.
+# In this mode you can request colored hints using GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=true
+__git_ps1 ()
+{
+	# preserve exit status
+	local exit=$?
+	local pcmode=no
+	local detached=no
+	local ps1pc_start='\u@\h:\w '
+	local ps1pc_end='\$ '
+	local printf_format=' (%s)'
+
+	case "$#" in
+		2|3)	pcmode=yes
+			ps1pc_start="$1"
+			ps1pc_end="$2"
+			printf_format="${3:-$printf_format}"
+			# set PS1 to a plain prompt so that we can
+			# simply return early if the prompt should not
+			# be decorated
+			PS1="$ps1pc_start$ps1pc_end"
+		;;
+		0|1)	printf_format="${1:-$printf_format}"
+		;;
+		*)	return $exit
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# ps1_expanded:  This variable is set to 'yes' if the shell
+	# subjects the value of PS1 to parameter expansion:
+	#
+	#   * bash does unless the promptvars option is disabled
+	#   * zsh does not unless the PROMPT_SUBST option is set
+	#   * POSIX shells always do
+	#
+	# If the shell would expand the contents of PS1 when drawing
+	# the prompt, a raw ref name must not be included in PS1.
+	# This protects the user from arbitrary code execution via
+	# specially crafted ref names.  For example, a ref named
+	# 'refs/heads/$(IFS=_;cmd=sudo_rm_-rf_/;$cmd)' might cause the
+	# shell to execute 'sudo rm -rf /' when the prompt is drawn.
+	#
+	# Instead, the ref name should be placed in a separate global
+	# variable (in the __git_ps1_* namespace to avoid colliding
+	# with the user's environment) and that variable should be
+	# referenced from PS1.  For example:
+	#
+	#     __git_ps1_foo=$(do_something_to_get_ref_name)
+	#     PS1="...stuff...\${__git_ps1_foo}...stuff..."
+	#
+	# If the shell does not expand the contents of PS1, the raw
+	# ref name must be included in PS1.
+	#
+	# The value of this variable is only relevant when in pcmode.
+	#
+	# Assume that the shell follows the POSIX specification and
+	# expands PS1 unless determined otherwise.  (This is more
+	# likely to be correct if the user has a non-bash, non-zsh
+	# shell and safer than the alternative if the assumption is
+	# incorrect.)
+	#
+	local ps1_expanded=yes
+	[ -z "${ZSH_VERSION-}" ] || [[ -o PROMPT_SUBST ]] || ps1_expanded=no
+	[ -z "${BASH_VERSION-}" ] || shopt -q promptvars || ps1_expanded=no
+
+	local repo_info rev_parse_exit_code
+	repo_info="$(git rev-parse --git-dir --is-inside-git-dir \
+		--is-bare-repository --is-inside-work-tree \
+		--short HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+	rev_parse_exit_code="$?"
+
+	if [ -z "$repo_info" ]; then
+		return $exit
+	fi
+
+	local short_sha=""
+	if [ "$rev_parse_exit_code" = "0" ]; then
+		short_sha="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+		repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	fi
+	local inside_worktree="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	local bare_repo="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	local inside_gitdir="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	local g="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+
+	if [ "true" = "$inside_worktree" ] &&
+	   [ -n "${GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED-}" ] &&
+	   [ "$(git config --bool bash.hideIfPwdIgnored)" != "false" ] &&
+	   git check-ignore -q .
+	then
+		return $exit
+	fi
+
+	local r=""
+	local b=""
+	local step=""
+	local total=""
+	if [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
+		__git_eread "$g/rebase-merge/head-name" b
+		__git_eread "$g/rebase-merge/msgnum" step
+		__git_eread "$g/rebase-merge/end" total
+		if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
+			r="|REBASE-i"
+		else
+			r="|REBASE-m"
+		fi
+	else
+		if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
+			__git_eread "$g/rebase-apply/next" step
+			__git_eread "$g/rebase-apply/last" total
+			if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
+				__git_eread "$g/rebase-apply/head-name" b
+				r="|REBASE"
+			elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
+				r="|AM"
+			else
+				r="|AM/REBASE"
+			fi
+		elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|MERGING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/REVERT_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|REVERTING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
+			r="|BISECTING"
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "$b" ]; then
+			:
+		elif [ -h "$g/HEAD" ]; then
+			# symlink symbolic ref
+			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+		else
+			local head=""
+			if ! __git_eread "$g/HEAD" head; then
+				return $exit
+			fi
+			# is it a symbolic ref?
+			b="${head#ref: }"
+			if [ "$head" = "$b" ]; then
+				detached=yes
+				b="$(
+				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
+				(contains)
+					git describe --contains HEAD ;;
+				(branch)
+					git describe --contains --all HEAD ;;
+				(describe)
+					git describe HEAD ;;
+				(* | default)
+					git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD ;;
+				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
+
+				b="$short_sha..."
+				b="($b)"
+			fi
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	if [ -n "$step" ] && [ -n "$total" ]; then
+		r="$r $step/$total"
+	fi
+
+	local w=""
+	local i=""
+	local s=""
+	local u=""
+	local c=""
+	local p=""
+
+	if [ "true" = "$inside_gitdir" ]; then
+		if [ "true" = "$bare_repo" ]; then
+			c="BARE:"
+		else
+			b="GIT_DIR!"
+		fi
+	elif [ "true" = "$inside_worktree" ]; then
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ] &&
+		   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]
+		then
+			git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet || w="*"
+			git diff --no-ext-diff --cached --quiet || i="+"
+			if [ -z "$short_sha" ] && [ -z "$i" ]; then
+				i="#"
+			fi
+		fi
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ] &&
+		   git rev-parse --verify --quiet refs/stash >/dev/null
+		then
+			s="$"
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ] &&
+		   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showUntrackedFiles)" != "false" ] &&
+		   git ls-files --others --exclude-standard --directory --no-empty-directory --error-unmatch -- ':/*' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+		then
+			u="%${ZSH_VERSION+%}"
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
+			__git_ps1_show_upstream
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	local z="${GIT_PS1_STATESEPARATOR-" "}"
+
+	# NO color option unless in PROMPT_COMMAND mode
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ] && [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS-}" ]; then
+		__git_ps1_colorize_gitstring
+	fi
+
+	b=${b##refs/heads/}
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ] && [ $ps1_expanded = yes ]; then
+		__git_ps1_branch_name=$b
+		b="\${__git_ps1_branch_name}"
+	fi
+
+	local f="$w$i$s$u"
+	local gitstring="$c$b${f:+$z$f}$r$p"
+
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+		if [ "${__git_printf_supports_v-}" != yes ]; then
+			gitstring=$(printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring")
+		else
+			printf -v gitstring -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring"
+		fi
+		PS1="$ps1pc_start$gitstring$ps1pc_end"
+	else
+		printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring"
+	fi
+
+	return $exit
+}
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/.gitignore b/contrib/contacts/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f385ee643c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+git-contacts.1
+git-contacts.html
+git-contacts.xml
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/Makefile b/contrib/contacts/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2990f0dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# The default target of this Makefile is...
+all::
+
+-include ../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../config.mak
+
+prefix ?= /usr/local
+gitexecdir ?= $(prefix)/libexec/git-core
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir ?= $(mandir)/man1
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+
+../../GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
+	$(MAKE) -C ../../ GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+-include ../../GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+# this should be set to a 'standard' bsd-type install program
+INSTALL  ?= install
+RM       ?= rm -f
+
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
+XMLTO    = xmlto
+
+ifndef SHELL_PATH
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/sh
+endif
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+
+ASCIIDOC_CONF = ../../Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+MANPAGE_XSL   = ../../Documentation/manpage-normal.xsl
+
+GIT_CONTACTS := git-contacts
+
+GIT_CONTACTS_DOC := git-contacts.1
+GIT_CONTACTS_XML := git-contacts.xml
+GIT_CONTACTS_TXT := git-contacts.txt
+GIT_CONTACTS_HTML := git-contacts.html
+
+doc: $(GIT_CONTACTS_DOC) $(GIT_CONTACTS_HTML)
+
+install: $(GIT_CONTACTS)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(gitexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_CONTACTS) $(DESTDIR)$(gitexecdir)
+
+install-doc: install-man install-html
+
+install-man: $(GIT_CONTACTS_DOC)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+
+install-html: $(GIT_CONTACTS_HTML)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+
+$(GIT_CONTACTS_DOC): $(GIT_CONTACTS_XML)
+	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) man $^
+
+$(GIT_CONTACTS_XML): $(GIT_CONTACTS_TXT)
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $^
+
+$(GIT_CONTACTS_HTML): $(GIT_CONTACTS_TXT)
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $^
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(GIT_CONTACTS)
+	$(RM) *.xml *.html *.1
+
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/git-contacts b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..dbe2abf277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# List people who might be interested in a patch.  Useful as the argument to
+# git-send-email --cc-cmd option, and in other situations.
+#
+# Usage: git contacts <file | rev-list option> ...
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+my $since = '5-years-ago';
+my $min_percent = 10;
+my $labels_rx = qr/Signed-off-by|Reviewed-by|Acked-by|Cc/i;
+my %seen;
+
+sub format_contact {
+	my ($name, $email) = @_;
+	return "$name <$email>";
+}
+
+sub parse_commit {
+	my ($commit, $data) = @_;
+	my $contacts = $commit->{contacts};
+	my $inbody = 0;
+	for (split(/^/m, $data)) {
+		if (not $inbody) {
+			if (/^author ([^<>]+) <(\S+)> .+$/) {
+				$contacts->{format_contact($1, $2)} = 1;
+			} elsif (/^$/) {
+				$inbody = 1;
+			}
+		} elsif (/^$labels_rx:\s+([^<>]+)\s+<(\S+?)>$/o) {
+			$contacts->{format_contact($1, $2)} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub import_commits {
+	my ($commits) = @_;
+	return unless %$commits;
+	my $pid = open2 my $reader, my $writer, qw(git cat-file --batch);
+	for my $id (keys(%$commits)) {
+		print $writer "$id\n";
+		my $line = <$reader>;
+		if ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) commit (\d+)/) {
+			my ($cid, $len) = ($1, $2);
+			die "expected $id but got $cid\n" unless $id eq $cid;
+			my $data;
+			# cat-file emits newline after data, so read len+1
+			read $reader, $data, $len + 1;
+			parse_commit($commits->{$id}, $data);
+		}
+	}
+	close $reader;
+	close $writer;
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	die "git-cat-file error: $?\n" if $?;
+}
+
+sub get_blame {
+	my ($commits, $source, $from, $ranges) = @_;
+	return unless @$ranges;
+	open my $f, '-|',
+		qw(git blame --porcelain -C),
+		map({"-L$_->[0],+$_->[1]"} @$ranges),
+		'--since', $since, "$from^", '--', $source or die;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		if (/^([0-9a-f]{40}) \d+ \d+ \d+$/) {
+			my $id = $1;
+			$commits->{$id} = { id => $id, contacts => {} }
+				unless $seen{$id};
+			$seen{$id} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub blame_sources {
+	my ($sources, $commits) = @_;
+	for my $s (keys %$sources) {
+		for my $id (keys %{$sources->{$s}}) {
+			get_blame($commits, $s, $id, $sources->{$s}{$id});
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub scan_patches {
+	my ($sources, $id, $f) = @_;
+	my $source;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		if (/^From ([0-9a-f]{40}) Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001$/) {
+			$id = $1;
+			$seen{$id} = 1;
+		}
+		next unless $id;
+		if (m{^--- (?:a/(.+)|/dev/null)$}) {
+			$source = $1;
+		} elsif (/^@@ -(\d+)(?:,(\d+))?/ && $source) {
+			my $len = defined($2) ? $2 : 1;
+			push @{$sources->{$source}{$id}}, [$1, $len] if $len;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub scan_patch_file {
+	my ($commits, $file) = @_;
+	open my $f, '<', $file or die "read failure: $file: $!\n";
+	scan_patches($commits, undef, $f);
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub parse_rev_args {
+	my @args = @_;
+	open my $f, '-|',
+		qw(git rev-parse --revs-only --default HEAD --symbolic), @args
+		or die;
+	my @revs;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		push @revs, $_;
+	}
+	close $f;
+	return @revs if scalar(@revs) != 1;
+	return "^$revs[0]", 'HEAD' unless $revs[0] =~ /^-/;
+	return $revs[0], 'HEAD';
+}
+
+sub scan_rev_args {
+	my ($commits, $args) = @_;
+	my @revs = parse_rev_args(@$args);
+	open my $f, '-|', qw(git rev-list --reverse), @revs or die;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		my $id = $_;
+		$seen{$id} = 1;
+		open my $g, '-|', qw(git show -C --oneline), $id or die;
+		scan_patches($commits, $id, $g);
+		close $g;
+	}
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub mailmap_contacts {
+	my ($contacts) = @_;
+	my %mapped;
+	my $pid = open2 my $reader, my $writer, qw(git check-mailmap --stdin);
+	for my $contact (keys(%$contacts)) {
+		print $writer "$contact\n";
+		my $canonical = <$reader>;
+		chomp $canonical;
+		$mapped{$canonical} += $contacts->{$contact};
+	}
+	close $reader;
+	close $writer;
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	die "git-check-mailmap error: $?\n" if $?;
+	return \%mapped;
+}
+
+if (!@ARGV) {
+	die "No input revisions or patch files\n";
+}
+
+my (@files, @rev_args);
+for (@ARGV) {
+	if (-e) {
+		push @files, $_;
+	} else {
+		push @rev_args, $_;
+	}
+}
+
+my %sources;
+for (@files) {
+	scan_patch_file(\%sources, $_);
+}
+if (@rev_args) {
+	scan_rev_args(\%sources, \@rev_args)
+}
+
+my $toplevel = `git rev-parse --show-toplevel`;
+chomp $toplevel;
+chdir($toplevel) or die "chdir failure: $toplevel: $!\n";
+
+my %commits;
+blame_sources(\%sources, \%commits);
+import_commits(\%commits);
+
+my $contacts = {};
+for my $commit (values %commits) {
+	for my $contact (keys %{$commit->{contacts}}) {
+		$contacts->{$contact}++;
+	}
+}
+$contacts = mailmap_contacts($contacts);
+
+my $ncommits = scalar(keys %commits);
+for my $contact (keys %$contacts) {
+	my $percent = $contacts->{$contact} * 100 / $ncommits;
+	next if $percent < $min_percent;
+	print "$contact\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd914d1261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+git-contacts(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-contacts - List people who might be interested in a set of changes
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git contacts' (<patch>|<range>|<rev>)...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Given a set of changes, specified as patch files or revisions, determine people
+who might be interested in those changes.  This is done by consulting the
+history of each patch or revision hunk to find people mentioned by commits
+which touched the lines of files under consideration.
+
+Input consists of one or more patch files or revision arguments.  A revision
+argument can be a range or a single `<rev>` which is interpreted as
+`<rev>..HEAD`, thus the same revision arguments are accepted as for
+linkgit:git-format-patch[1]. Patch files and revision arguments can be combined
+in the same invocation.
+
+This command can be useful for determining the list of people with whom to
+discuss proposed changes, or for finding the list of recipients to Cc: when
+submitting a patch series via `git send-email`. For the latter case, `git
+contacts` can be used as the argument to `git send-email`'s `--cc-cmd` option.
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+`git blame` is invoked for each hunk in a patch file or revision.  For each
+commit mentioned by `git blame`, the commit message is consulted for people who
+authored, reviewed, signed, acknowledged, or were Cc:'d.  Once the list of
+participants is known, each person's relevance is computed by considering how
+many commits mentioned that person compared with the total number of commits
+under consideration.  The final output consists only of participants who exceed
+a minimum threshold of participation.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+For each person of interest, a single line is output, terminated by a newline.
+If the person's name is known, ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is printed; otherwise
+only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Consult patch files:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts feature/*.patch
+------------
+
+* Revision range:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts R1..R2
+------------
+
+* From a single revision to `HEAD`:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts origin
+------------
+
+* Helper for `git send-email`:
++
+------------
+$ git send-email --cc-cmd='git contacts' feature/*.patch
+------------
+
+
+LIMITATIONS
+-----------
+
+Several conditions controlling a person's significance are currently
+hard-coded, such as minimum participation level (10%), blame date-limiting (5
+years), and `-C` level for detecting moved and copied lines (a single `-C`). In
+the future, these conditions may become configurable.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon b/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
deleted file mode 100644
index 4009a151de..0000000000
--- a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,503 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-#
-# A daemon that waits for update events sent by its companion
-# post-receive-cinotify hook, checks out a new copy of source,
-# compiles it, and emails the guilty parties if the compile
-# (and optionally test suite) fails.
-#
-# To use this daemon, configure it and run it.  It will disconnect
-# from your terminal and fork into the background.  The daemon must
-# have local filesystem access to the source repositories, as it
-# uses objects/info/alternates to avoid copying objects.
-#
-# Add its companion post-receive-cinotify hook as the post-receive
-# hook to each repository that the daemon should monitor.  Yes, a
-# single daemon can monitor more than one repository.
-#
-# To use multiple daemons on the same system, give them each a
-# unique queue file and tmpdir.
-#
-# Global Config
-# -------------
-# Reads from a Git style configuration file.  This will be
-# ~/.gitconfig by default but can be overridden by setting
-# the GIT_CONFIG_FILE environment variable before starting.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpHost
-#   Hostname of the SMTP server the daemon will send email
-#   through.  Defaults to 'localhost'.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpUser
-#   Username to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
-#   variable is optional; if it is not supplied then no
-#   authentication will be performed.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpPassword
-#   Password to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
-#   variable is optional.  If not supplied but smtpUser was,
-#   the daemon prompts for the password before forking into
-#   the background.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpAuth
-#   Type of authentication to perform with the SMTP server.
-#   If set to 'login' and smtpUser was defined, this will
-#   use the AUTH LOGIN command, which is suitable for use
-#   with at least one version of Microsoft Exchange Server.
-#   If not set the daemon will use whatever auth methods
-#   are supported by your version of Net::SMTP.
-#
-# cidaemon.email
-#   Email address that daemon generated emails will be sent
-#   from.  This should be a useful email address within your
-#   organization.  Required.
-#
-# cidaemon.name
-#   Human friendly name that the daemon will send emails as.
-#   Defaults to 'cidaemon'.
-#
-# cidaemon.scanDelay
-#   Number of seconds to sleep between polls of the queue file.
-#   Defaults to 60.
-#
-# cidaemon.recentCache
-#   Number of recent commit SHA-1s per repository to cache and
-#   skip building if they appear again.  This is useful to avoid
-#   rebuilding the same commit multiple times just because it was
-#   pushed into more than one branch.  Defaults to 100.
-#
-# cidaemon.tmpdir
-#   Scratch directory to create the builds within.  The daemon
-#   makes a new subdirectory for each build, then deletes it when
-#   the build has finished.  The pid file is also placed here.
-#   Defaults to '/tmp'.
-#
-# cidaemon.queue
-#   Path to the queue file that the post-receive-cinotify hook
-#   appends events to.  This file is polled by the daemon.  It
-#   must not be on an NFS mount (uses flock).  Required.
-#
-# cidaemon.nocc
-#   Perl regex patterns to match against author and committer
-#   lines.  If a pattern matches, that author or committer will
-#   not be notified of a build failure.
-#
-# Per Repository Config
-# ----------------------
-# Read from the source repository's config file.
-#
-# builder.command
-#   Shell command to execute the build.  This command must
-#   return 0 on "success" and non-zero on failure.  If you
-#   also want to run a test suite, make sure your command
-#   does that too.  Required.
-#
-# builder.queue
-#   Queue file to notify the cidaemon through.  Should match
-#   cidaemon.queue.  If not set the hook will not notify the
-#   cidaemon.
-#
-# builder.skip
-#   Perl regex patterns of refs that should not be sent to
-#   cidaemon.  Updates of these refs will be ignored.
-#
-# builder.newBranchBase
-#   Glob patterns of refs that should be used to form the
-#   'old' revions of a newly created ref.  This should set
-#   to be globs that match your 'mainline' branches.  This
-#   way a build failure of a brand new topic branch does not
-#   attempt to email everyone since the beginning of time;
-#   instead it only emails those authors of commits not in
-#   these 'mainline' branches.
-
-local $ENV{PATH} = join ':', qw(
-	/opt/git/bin
-	/usr/bin
-	/bin
-	);
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use FindBin qw($RealBin);
-use File::Spec;
-use lib File::Spec->catfile($RealBin, '..', 'perl5');
-use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
-use Fcntl ':flock';
-use POSIX qw(strftime);
-use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev auto_help);
-
-sub git_config ($;$)
-{
-	my $var = shift;
-	my $required = shift || 0;
-	local *GIT;
-	open GIT, '-|','git','config','--get',$var;
-	my $r = <GIT>;
-	chop $r if $r;
-	close GIT;
-	die "error: $var not set.\n" if ($required && !$r);
-	return $r;
-}
-
-package EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP;
-
-# Microsoft Exchange Server requires an 'AUTH LOGIN'
-# style of authentication.  This is different from
-# the default supported by Net::SMTP so we subclass
-# and override the auth method to support that.
-
-use Net::SMTP;
-use Net::Cmd;
-use MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64);
-our @ISA = qw(Net::SMTP);
-our $auth_type = ::git_config 'cidaemon.smtpAuth';
-
-sub new
-{
-	my $self = shift;
-	my $type = ref($self) || $self;
-	$type->SUPER::new(@_);
-}
-
-sub auth
-{
-	my $self = shift;
-	return $self->SUPER::auth(@_) unless $auth_type eq 'login';
-
-	my $user = encode_base64 shift, '';
-	my $pass = encode_base64 shift, '';
-	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command("AUTH LOGIN")->response;
-	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command($user)->response;
-	CMD_OK == $self->command($pass)->response;
-}
-
-package main;
-
-my ($debug_flag, %recent);
-
-my $ex_host = git_config('cidaemon.smtpHost') || 'localhost';
-my $ex_user = git_config('cidaemon.smtpUser');
-my $ex_pass = git_config('cidaemon.smtpPassword');
-
-my $ex_from_addr = git_config('cidaemon.email', 1);
-my $ex_from_name = git_config('cidaemon.name') || 'cidaemon';
-
-my $scan_delay = git_config('cidaemon.scanDelay') || 60;
-my $recent_size = git_config('cidaemon.recentCache') || 100;
-my $tmpdir = git_config('cidaemon.tmpdir') || '/tmp';
-my $queue_name = git_config('cidaemon.queue', 1);
-my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
-
-my @nocc_list;
-open GIT,'git config --get-all cidaemon.nocc|';
-while (<GIT>) {
-	chop;
-	push @nocc_list, $_;
-}
-close GIT;
-
-sub nocc_author ($)
-{
-	local $_ = shift;
-	foreach my $pat (@nocc_list) {
-		return 1 if /$pat/;
-	}
-	0;
-}
-
-sub input_echo ($)
-{
-	my $prompt = shift;
-
-	local $| = 1;
-	print $prompt;
-	my $input = <STDIN>;
-	chop $input;
-	return $input;
-}
-
-sub input_noecho ($)
-{
-	my $prompt = shift;
-
-	my $end = sub {system('stty','echo');print "\n";exit};
-	local $SIG{TERM} = $end;
-	local $SIG{INT} = $end;
-	system('stty','-echo');
-
-	local $| = 1;
-	print $prompt;
-	my $input = <STDIN>;
-	system('stty','echo');
-	print "\n";
-	chop $input;
-	return $input;
-}
-
-sub rfc2822_date ()
-{
-	 strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %Z", localtime);
-}
-
-sub send_email ($$$)
-{
-	my ($subj, $body, $to) = @_;
-	my $now = rfc2822_date;
-	my $to_str = '';
-	my @rcpt_to;
-	foreach (@$to) {
-		my $s = $_;
-		$s =~ s/^/"/;
-		$s =~ s/(\s+<)/"$1/;
-		$to_str .= ', ' if $to_str;
-		$to_str .= $s;
-		push @rcpt_to, $1 if $s =~ /<(.*)>/;
-	}
-	die "Nobody to send to.\n" unless @rcpt_to;
-	my $msg = <<EOF;
-From: "$ex_from_name" <$ex_from_addr>
-To: $to_str
-Date: $now
-Subject: $subj
-
-$body
-EOF
-
-	my $smtp = EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP->new(Host => $ex_host)
-		or die "Cannot connect to $ex_host: $!\n";
-	if ($ex_user && $ex_pass) {
-		$smtp->auth($ex_user,$ex_pass)
-			or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_user\n";
-	}
-	$smtp->mail($ex_from_addr)
-		or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_from_addr\n";
-	scalar($smtp->recipient(@rcpt_to, { SkipBad => 1 }))
-		or die "$ex_host did not accept any addresses.\n";
-	$smtp->data($msg)
-		or die "$ex_host rejected message data\n";
-	$smtp->quit;
-}
-
-sub pop_queue ()
-{
-	open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
-	flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
-
-	my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
-	my $ent = shift @$queue;
-	nstore $queue, $queue_name;
-
-	flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
-	close LOCK;
-	$ent;
-}
-
-sub git_exec (@)
-{
-	system('git',@_) == 0 or die "Cannot git " . join(' ', @_) . "\n";
-}
-
-sub git_val (@)
-{
-	open(C, '-|','git',@_);
-	my $r = <C>;
-	chop $r if $r;
-	close C;
-	$r;
-}
-
-sub do_build ($$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $new) = @_;
-
-	my $tmp = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "builder$$");
-	system('rm','-rf',$tmp) == 0 or die "Cannot clear $tmp\n";
-	die "Cannot clear $tmp.\n" if -e $tmp;
-
-	my $result = 1;
-	eval {
-		my $command;
-		{
-			local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-			$command = git_val 'config','builder.command';
-		}
-		die "No builder.command for $git_dir.\n" unless $command;
-
-		git_exec 'clone','-n','-l','-s',$git_dir,$tmp;
-		chmod 0700, $tmp or die "Cannot lock $tmp\n";
-		chdir $tmp or die "Cannot enter $tmp\n";
-
-		git_exec 'update-ref','HEAD',$new;
-		git_exec 'read-tree','-m','-u','HEAD','HEAD';
-		system $command;
-		if ($? == -1) {
-			print STDERR "failed to execute '$command': $!\n";
-			$result = 1;
-		} elsif ($? & 127) {
-			my $sig = $? & 127;
-			print STDERR "'$command' died from signal $sig\n";
-			$result = 1;
-		} else {
-			my $r = $? >> 8;
-			print STDERR "'$command' exited with $r\n" if $r;
-			$result = $r;
-		}
-	};
-	if ($@) {
-		$result = 2;
-		print STDERR "$@\n";
-	}
-
-	chdir '/';
-	system('rm','-rf',$tmp);
-	rmdir $tmp;
-	$result;
-}
-
-sub build_failed ($$$$$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $msg) = @_;
-
-	$git_dir =~ m,/([^/]+)$,;
-	my $repo_name = $1;
-	$ref =~ s,^refs/(heads|tags)/,,;
-
-	my %authors;
-	my $shortlog;
-	my $revstr;
-	{
-		local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-		my @revs = ($new);
-		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
-		open LOG,'-|','git','rev-list','--pretty=raw',@revs;
-		while (<LOG>) {
-			if (s/^(author|committer) //) {
-				chomp;
-				s/>.*$/>/;
-				$authors{$_} = 1 unless nocc_author $_;
-			}
-		}
-		close LOG;
-		open LOG,'-|','git','shortlog',@revs;
-		$shortlog .= $_ while <LOG>;
-		close LOG;
-		$revstr = join(' ', @revs);
-	}
-
-	my @to = sort keys %authors;
-	unless (@to) {
-		print STDERR "error: No authors in $revstr\n";
-		return;
-	}
-
-	my $subject = "[$repo_name] $ref : Build Failed";
-	my $body = <<EOF;
-Project: $git_dir
-Branch:  $ref
-Commits: $revstr
-
-$shortlog
-Build Output:
---------------------------------------------------------------
-$msg
-EOF
-	send_email($subject, $body, \@to);
-}
-
-sub run_build ($$$$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @_;
-
-	if ($debug_flag) {
-		my @revs = ($new);
-		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
-		print "BUILDING $git_dir\n";
-		print "  BRANCH: $ref\n";
-		print "  COMMITS: ", join(' ', @revs), "\n";
-	}
-
-	local(*R, *W);
-	pipe R, W or die "cannot pipe builder: $!";
-
-	my $builder = fork();
-	if (!defined $builder) {
-		die "cannot fork builder: $!";
-	} elsif (0 == $builder) {
-		close R;
-		close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
-		open(STDOUT, '>&W');
-		open(STDERR, '>&W');
-		exit do_build $git_dir, $new;
-	} else {
-		close W;
-		my $out = '';
-		$out .= $_ while <R>;
-		close R;
-		waitpid $builder, 0;
-		build_failed $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $out if $?;
-	}
-
-	print "DONE\n\n" if $debug_flag;
-}
-
-sub daemon_loop ()
-{
-	my $run = 1;
-	my $stop_sub = sub {$run = 0};
-	$SIG{HUP} = $stop_sub;
-	$SIG{INT} = $stop_sub;
-	$SIG{TERM} = $stop_sub;
-
-	mkdir $tmpdir, 0755;
-	my $pidfile = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "cidaemon.pid");
-	open(O, ">$pidfile"); print O "$$\n"; close O;
-
-	while ($run) {
-		my $ent = pop_queue;
-		if ($ent) {
-			my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @$ent;
-
-			$ent = $recent{$git_dir};
-			$recent{$git_dir} = $ent = [[], {}] unless $ent;
-			my ($rec_arr, $rec_hash) = @$ent;
-			next if $rec_hash->{$new}++;
-			while (@$rec_arr >= $recent_size) {
-				my $to_kill = shift @$rec_arr;
-				delete $rec_hash->{$to_kill};
-			}
-			push @$rec_arr, $new;
-
-			run_build $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new;
-		} else {
-			sleep $scan_delay;
-		}
-	}
-
-	unlink $pidfile;
-}
-
-$debug_flag = 0;
-GetOptions(
-	'debug|d' => \$debug_flag,
-	'smtp-user=s' => \$ex_user,
-) or die "usage: $0 [--debug] [--smtp-user=user]\n";
-
-$ex_pass = input_noecho("$ex_user SMTP password: ")
-	if ($ex_user && !$ex_pass);
-
-if ($debug_flag) {
-	daemon_loop;
-	exit 0;
-}
-
-my $daemon = fork();
-if (!defined $daemon) {
-	die "cannot fork daemon: $!";
-} elsif (0 == $daemon) {
-	close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
-	close STDOUT;open(STDOUT, '>/dev/null');
-	close STDERR;open(STDERR, '>/dev/null');
-	daemon_loop;
-	exit 0;
-} else {
-	print "Daemon $daemon running in the background.\n";
-}
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify b/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
deleted file mode 100644
index b8f5a609af..0000000000
--- a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-#
-# A hook that notifies its companion cidaemon through a simple
-# queue file that a ref has been updated via a push (actually
-# by a receive-pack running on the server).
-#
-# See cidaemon for per-repository configuration details.
-#
-# To use this hook, add it as the post-receive hook, make it
-# executable, and set its configuration options.
-#
-
-local $ENV{PATH} = '/opt/git/bin';
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use File::Spec;
-use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
-use Fcntl ':flock';
-
-my $git_dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{GIT_DIR});
-my $queue_name = `git config --get builder.queue`;chop $queue_name;
-$queue_name =~ m,^([^\s]+)$,; $queue_name = $1; # untaint
-unless ($queue_name) {
-	1 while <STDIN>;
-	print STDERR "\nerror: builder.queue not set.  Not enqueing.\n\n";
-	exit;
-}
-my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
-
-my @skip;
-open S, "git config --get-all builder.skip|";
-while (<S>) {
-	chop;
-	push @skip, $_;
-}
-close S;
-
-my @new_branch_base;
-open S, "git config --get-all builder.newBranchBase|";
-while (<S>) {
-	chop;
-	push @new_branch_base, $_;
-}
-close S;
-
-sub skip ($)
-{
-	local $_ = shift;
-	foreach my $p (@skip) {
-		return 1 if /^$p/;
-	}
-	0;
-}
-
-open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
-flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
-
-my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
-my %existing;
-foreach my $r (@$queue) {
-	my ($gd, $ref) = @$r;
-	$existing{$gd}{$ref} = $r;
-}
-
-my @new_branch_commits;
-my $loaded_new_branch_commits = 0;
-
-while (<STDIN>) {
-	chop;
-	my ($old, $new, $ref) = split / /, $_, 3;
-
-	next if $old eq $new;
-	next if $new =~ /^0{40}$/;
-	next if skip $ref;
-
-	my $r = $existing{$git_dir}{$ref};
-	if ($r) {
-		$r->[3] = $new;
-	} else {
-		if ($old =~ /^0{40}$/) {
-			if (!$loaded_new_branch_commits && @new_branch_base) {
-				open M,'-|','git','show-ref',@new_branch_base;
-				while (<M>) {
-					($_) = split / /, $_;
-					push @new_branch_commits, $_;
-				}
-				close M;
-				$loaded_new_branch_commits = 1;
-			}
-			$old = [@new_branch_commits];
-		} else {
-			$old = [$old];
-		}
-
-		$r = [$git_dir, $ref, $old, $new];
-		$existing{$git_dir}{$ref} = $r;
-		push @$queue, $r;
-	}
-}
-nstore $queue, $queue_name;
-
-flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
-close LOCK;
diff --git a/contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh b/contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0cbc917b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# You should execute this script in the repository where you
+# want to convert grafts to replace refs.
+
+GRAFTS_FILE="${GIT_DIR:-.git}/info/grafts"
+
+. $(git --exec-path)/git-sh-setup
+
+test -f "$GRAFTS_FILE" || die "Could not find graft file: '$GRAFTS_FILE'"
+
+grep '^[^# ]' "$GRAFTS_FILE" |
+while read definition
+do
+	if test -n "$definition"
+	then
+		echo "Converting: $definition"
+		git replace --graft $definition ||
+			die "Conversion failed for: $definition"
+	fi
+done
+
+mv "$GRAFTS_FILE" "$GRAFTS_FILE.bak" ||
+	die "Could not rename '$GRAFTS_FILE' to '$GRAFTS_FILE.bak'"
+
+echo "Success!"
+echo "All the grafts in '$GRAFTS_FILE' have been converted to replace refs!"
+echo "The grafts file '$GRAFTS_FILE' has been renamed: '$GRAFTS_FILE.bak'"
diff --git a/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt b/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt
index 0565d83fc4..f871880cfb 100644
--- a/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt
+++ b/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel
 
 GIT
 ---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
+Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88d8fcdbce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+git-credential-gnome-keyring
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22c19df94b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+MAIN:=git-credential-gnome-keyring
+all:: $(MAIN)
+
+CC = gcc
+RM = rm -f
+CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
+PKG_CONFIG = pkg-config
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+INCS:=$(shell $(PKG_CONFIG) --cflags gnome-keyring-1 glib-2.0)
+LIBS:=$(shell $(PKG_CONFIG) --libs gnome-keyring-1 glib-2.0)
+
+SRCS:=$(MAIN).c
+OBJS:=$(SRCS:.c=.o)
+
+%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(INCS) -o $@ -c $<
+
+$(MAIN): $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS)
+
+clean:
+	@$(RM) $(MAIN) $(OBJS)
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a317fca44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 John Szakmeister <john@szakmeister.net>
+ *               2012 Philipp A. Hartmann <pah@qo.cx>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Credits:
+ * - GNOME Keyring API handling originally written by John Szakmeister
+ * - ported to credential helper API by Philipp A. Hartmann
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <gnome-keyring.h>
+
+#ifdef GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT
+
+   /* Modern gnome-keyring */
+
+#include <gnome-keyring-memory.h>
+
+#else
+
+   /*
+    * Support ancient gnome-keyring, circ. RHEL 5.X.
+    * GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT seems to have been introduced with Gnome 2.22,
+    * and the other features roughly around Gnome 2.20, 6 months before.
+    * Ubuntu 8.04 used Gnome 2.22 (I think).  Not sure any distro used 2.20.
+    * So the existence/non-existence of GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT seems like
+    * a decent thing to use as an indicator.
+    */
+
+#define GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT NULL
+
+/*
+ * ancient gnome-keyring returns DENIED when an entry is not found.
+ * Setting NO_MATCH to DENIED will prevent us from reporting DENIED
+ * errors during get and erase operations, but we will still report
+ * DENIED errors during a store.
+ */
+#define GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_DENIED
+
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_alloc g_malloc
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_free gnome_keyring_free_password
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_strdup g_strdup
+
+static const char *gnome_keyring_result_to_message(GnomeKeyringResult result)
+{
+	switch (result) {
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK:
+		return "OK";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_DENIED:
+		return "Denied";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_KEYRING_DAEMON:
+		return "No Keyring Daemon";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_ALREADY_UNLOCKED:
+		return "Already UnLocked";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_SUCH_KEYRING:
+		return "No Such Keyring";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_BAD_ARGUMENTS:
+		return "Bad Arguments";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_IO_ERROR:
+		return "IO Error";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED:
+		return "Cancelled";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		return "Already Exists";
+	default:
+		return "Unknown Error";
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Support really ancient gnome-keyring, circ. RHEL 4.X.
+ * Just a guess for the Glib version.  Glib 2.8 was roughly Gnome 2.12 ?
+ * Which was released with gnome-keyring 0.4.3 ??
+ */
+#if GLIB_MAJOR_VERSION == 2 && GLIB_MINOR_VERSION < 8
+
+static void gnome_keyring_done_cb(GnomeKeyringResult result, gpointer user_data)
+{
+	gpointer *data = (gpointer *)user_data;
+	int *done = (int *)data[0];
+	GnomeKeyringResult *r = (GnomeKeyringResult *)data[1];
+
+	*r = result;
+	*done = 1;
+}
+
+static void wait_for_request_completion(int *done)
+{
+	GMainContext *mc = g_main_context_default();
+	while (!*done)
+		g_main_context_iteration(mc, TRUE);
+}
+
+static GnomeKeyringResult gnome_keyring_item_delete_sync(const char *keyring, guint32 id)
+{
+	int done = 0;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+	gpointer data[] = { &done, &result };
+
+	gnome_keyring_item_delete(keyring, id, gnome_keyring_done_cb, data,
+		NULL);
+
+	wait_for_request_completion(&done);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * This credential struct and API is simplified from git's credential.{h,c}
+ */
+struct credential {
+	char *protocol;
+	char *host;
+	unsigned short port;
+	char *path;
+	char *username;
+	char *password;
+};
+
+#define CREDENTIAL_INIT { NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL }
+
+typedef int (*credential_op_cb)(struct credential *);
+
+struct credential_operation {
+	char *name;
+	credential_op_cb op;
+};
+
+#define CREDENTIAL_OP_END { NULL, NULL }
+
+/* ----------------- GNOME Keyring functions ----------------- */
+
+/* create a special keyring option string, if path is given */
+static char *keyring_object(struct credential *c)
+{
+	if (!c->path)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (c->port)
+		return g_strdup_printf("%s:%hd/%s", c->host, c->port, c->path);
+
+	return g_strdup_printf("%s/%s", c->host, c->path);
+}
+
+static int keyring_get(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char *object = NULL;
+	GList *entries;
+	GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *password_data;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+
+	if (!c->protocol || !(c->host || c->path))
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_find_network_password_sync(
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				&entries);
+
+	g_free(object);
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	/* pick the first one from the list */
+	password_data = (GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *)entries->data;
+
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
+	c->password = gnome_keyring_memory_strdup(password_data->password);
+
+	if (!c->username)
+		c->username = g_strdup(password_data->user);
+
+	gnome_keyring_network_password_list_free(entries);
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static int keyring_store(struct credential *c)
+{
+	guint32 item_id;
+	char *object = NULL;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check that what we are storing is actually sensible.
+	 * In particular, we can't make a URL without a protocol field.
+	 * Without either a host or pathname (depending on the scheme),
+	 * we have no primary key. And without a username and password,
+	 * we are not actually storing a credential.
+	 */
+	if (!c->protocol || !(c->host || c->path) ||
+	    !c->username || !c->password)
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_set_network_password_sync(
+				GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT,
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				c->password,
+				&item_id);
+
+	g_free(object);
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK &&
+	    result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int keyring_erase(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char *object = NULL;
+	GList *entries;
+	GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *password_data;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check that we actually have something to match
+	 * against. The input we get is a restrictive pattern,
+	 * so technically a blank credential means "erase everything".
+	 * But it is too easy to accidentally send this, since it is equivalent
+	 * to empty input. So explicitly disallow it, and require that the
+	 * pattern have some actual content to match.
+	 */
+	if (!c->protocol && !c->host && !c->path && !c->username)
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_find_network_password_sync(
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				&entries);
+
+	g_free(object);
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	/* pick the first one from the list (delete all matches?) */
+	password_data = (GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *)entries->data;
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_item_delete_sync(
+		password_data->keyring, password_data->item_id);
+
+	gnome_keyring_network_password_list_free(entries);
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Table with helper operation callbacks, used by generic
+ * credential helper main function.
+ */
+static struct credential_operation const credential_helper_ops[] = {
+	{ "get",   keyring_get },
+	{ "store", keyring_store },
+	{ "erase", keyring_erase },
+	CREDENTIAL_OP_END
+};
+
+/* ------------------ credential functions ------------------ */
+
+static void credential_init(struct credential *c)
+{
+	memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
+}
+
+static void credential_clear(struct credential *c)
+{
+	g_free(c->protocol);
+	g_free(c->host);
+	g_free(c->path);
+	g_free(c->username);
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
+
+	credential_init(c);
+}
+
+static int credential_read(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char *buf;
+	size_t line_len;
+	char *key;
+	char *value;
+
+	key = buf = gnome_keyring_memory_alloc(1024);
+
+	while (fgets(buf, 1024, stdin)) {
+		line_len = strlen(buf);
+
+		if (line_len && buf[line_len-1] == '\n')
+			buf[--line_len] = '\0';
+
+		if (!line_len)
+			break;
+
+		value = strchr(buf, '=');
+		if (!value) {
+			g_warning("invalid credential line: %s", key);
+			gnome_keyring_memory_free(buf);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		*value++ = '\0';
+
+		if (!strcmp(key, "protocol")) {
+			g_free(c->protocol);
+			c->protocol = g_strdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "host")) {
+			g_free(c->host);
+			c->host = g_strdup(value);
+			value = strrchr(c->host, ':');
+			if (value) {
+				*value++ = '\0';
+				c->port = atoi(value);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
+			g_free(c->path);
+			c->path = g_strdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "username")) {
+			g_free(c->username);
+			c->username = g_strdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "password")) {
+			gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
+			c->password = gnome_keyring_memory_strdup(value);
+			while (*value)
+				*value++ = '\0';
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Ignore other lines; we don't know what they mean, but
+		 * this future-proofs us when later versions of git do
+		 * learn new lines, and the helpers are updated to match.
+		 */
+	}
+
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(buf);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void credential_write_item(FILE *fp, const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return;
+	fprintf(fp, "%s=%s\n", key, value);
+}
+
+static void credential_write(const struct credential *c)
+{
+	/* only write username/password, if set */
+	credential_write_item(stdout, "username", c->username);
+	credential_write_item(stdout, "password", c->password);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char *name)
+{
+	struct credential_operation const *try_op = credential_helper_ops;
+	const char *basename = strrchr(name, '/');
+
+	basename = (basename) ? basename + 1 : name;
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <", basename);
+	while (try_op->name) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s", (try_op++)->name);
+		if (try_op->name)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", "|");
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s", ">\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	struct credential_operation const *try_op = credential_helper_ops;
+	struct credential cred = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+
+	if (!argv[1]) {
+		usage(argv[0]);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	g_set_application_name("Git Credential Helper");
+
+	/* lookup operation callback */
+	while (try_op->name && strcmp(argv[1], try_op->name))
+		try_op++;
+
+	/* unsupported operation given -- ignore silently */
+	if (!try_op->name || !try_op->op)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = credential_read(&cred);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* perform credential operation */
+	ret = (*try_op->op)(&cred);
+
+	credential_write(&cred);
+
+out:
+	credential_clear(&cred);
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile b/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51b76138a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+test:
+	./test.pl
+
+testverbose:
+	./test.pl -d -v
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc b/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1571a7b269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Basename;
+
+my $VERSION = "0.1";
+
+my %options = (
+	       help => 0,
+	       debug => 0,
+	       verbose => 0,
+	       insecure => 0,
+	       file => [],
+
+	       # identical token maps, e.g. host -> host, will be inserted later
+	       tmap => {
+			port => 'protocol',
+			machine => 'host',
+			path => 'path',
+			login => 'username',
+			user => 'username',
+			password => 'password',
+		       }
+	      );
+
+# Map each credential protocol token to itself on the netrc side.
+foreach (values %{$options{tmap}}) {
+	$options{tmap}->{$_} = $_;
+}
+
+# Now, $options{tmap} has a mapping from the netrc format to the Git credential
+# helper protocol.
+
+# Next, we build the reverse token map.
+
+# When $rmap{foo} contains 'bar', that means that what the Git credential helper
+# protocol calls 'bar' is found as 'foo' in the netrc/authinfo file.  Keys in
+# %rmap are what we expect to read from the netrc/authinfo file.
+
+my %rmap;
+foreach my $k (keys %{$options{tmap}}) {
+	push @{$rmap{$options{tmap}->{$k}}}, $k;
+}
+
+Getopt::Long::Configure("bundling");
+
+# TODO: maybe allow the token map $options{tmap} to be configurable.
+GetOptions(\%options,
+           "help|h",
+           "debug|d",
+           "insecure|k",
+           "verbose|v",
+           "file|f=s@",
+          );
+
+if ($options{help}) {
+	my $shortname = basename($0);
+	$shortname =~ s/git-credential-//;
+
+	print <<EOHIPPUS;
+
+$0 [-f AUTHFILE1] [-f AUTHFILEN] [-d] [-v] [-k] get
+
+Version $VERSION by tzz\@lifelogs.com.  License: BSD.
+
+Options:
+
+  -f|--file AUTHFILE : specify netrc-style files.  Files with the .gpg extension
+                       will be decrypted by GPG before parsing.  Multiple -f
+                       arguments are OK.  They are processed in order, and the
+                       first matching entry found is returned via the credential
+                       helper protocol (see below).
+
+                       When no -f option is given, .authinfo.gpg, .netrc.gpg,
+		       .authinfo, and .netrc files in your home directory are used
+		       in this order.
+
+  -k|--insecure      : ignore bad file ownership or permissions
+
+  -d|--debug         : turn on debugging (developer info)
+
+  -v|--verbose       : be more verbose (show files and information found)
+
+To enable this credential helper:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE1 -f AUTHFILE2'
+
+(Note that Git will prepend "git-credential-" to the helper name and look for it
+in the path.)
+
+...and if you want lots of debugging info:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE -d'
+
+...or to see the files opened and data found:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE -v'
+
+Only "get" mode is supported by this credential helper.  It opens every AUTHFILE
+and looks for the first entry that matches the requested search criteria:
+
+ 'port|protocol':
+   The protocol that will be used (e.g., https). (protocol=X)
+
+ 'machine|host':
+   The remote hostname for a network credential. (host=X)
+
+ 'path':
+   The path with which the credential will be used. (path=X)
+
+ 'login|user|username':
+   The credential’s username, if we already have one. (username=X)
+
+Thus, when we get this query on STDIN:
+
+host=github.com
+protocol=https
+username=tzz
+
+this credential helper will look for the first entry in every AUTHFILE that
+matches
+
+machine github.com port https login tzz
+
+OR
+
+machine github.com protocol https login tzz
+
+OR... etc. acceptable tokens as listed above.  Any unknown tokens are
+simply ignored.
+
+Then, the helper will print out whatever tokens it got from the entry, including
+"password" tokens, mapping back to Git's helper protocol; e.g. "port" is mapped
+back to "protocol".  Any redundant entry tokens (part of the original query) are
+skipped.
+
+Again, note that only the first matching entry from all the AUTHFILEs, processed
+in the sequence given on the command line, is used.
+
+Netrc/authinfo tokens can be quoted as 'STRING' or "STRING".
+
+No caching is performed by this credential helper.
+
+EOHIPPUS
+
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+my $mode = shift @ARGV;
+
+# Credentials must get a parameter, so die if it's missing.
+die "Syntax: $0 [-f AUTHFILE1] [-f AUTHFILEN] [-d] get" unless defined $mode;
+
+# Only support 'get' mode; with any other unsupported ones we just exit.
+exit 0 unless $mode eq 'get';
+
+my $files = $options{file};
+
+# if no files were given, use a predefined list.
+# note that .gpg files come first
+unless (scalar @$files) {
+	my @candidates = qw[
+				   ~/.authinfo.gpg
+				   ~/.netrc.gpg
+				   ~/.authinfo
+				   ~/.netrc
+			  ];
+
+	$files = $options{file} = [ map { glob $_ } @candidates ];
+}
+
+my $query = read_credential_data_from_stdin();
+
+FILE:
+foreach my $file (@$files) {
+	my $gpgmode = $file =~ m/\.gpg$/;
+	unless (-r $file) {
+		log_verbose("Unable to read $file; skipping it");
+		next FILE;
+	}
+
+	# the following check is copied from Net::Netrc, for non-GPG files
+	# OS/2 and Win32 do not handle stat in a way compatible with this check :-(
+	unless ($gpgmode || $options{insecure} ||
+		$^O eq 'os2'
+		|| $^O eq 'MSWin32'
+		|| $^O eq 'MacOS'
+		|| $^O =~ /^cygwin/) {
+		my @stat = stat($file);
+
+		if (@stat) {
+			if ($stat[2] & 077) {
+				log_verbose("Insecure $file (mode=%04o); skipping it",
+					    $stat[2] & 07777);
+				next FILE;
+			}
+
+			if ($stat[4] != $<) {
+				log_verbose("Not owner of $file; skipping it");
+				next FILE;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my @entries = load_netrc($file, $gpgmode);
+
+	unless (scalar @entries) {
+		if ($!) {
+			log_verbose("Unable to open $file: $!");
+		} else {
+			log_verbose("No netrc entries found in $file");
+		}
+
+		next FILE;
+	}
+
+	my $entry = find_netrc_entry($query, @entries);
+	if ($entry) {
+		print_credential_data($entry, $query);
+		# we're done!
+		last FILE;
+	}
+}
+
+exit 0;
+
+sub load_netrc {
+	my $file = shift @_;
+	my $gpgmode = shift @_;
+
+	my $io;
+	if ($gpgmode) {
+		my @cmd = (qw(gpg --decrypt), $file);
+		log_verbose("Using GPG to open $file: [@cmd]");
+		open $io, "-|", @cmd;
+	} else {
+		log_verbose("Opening $file...");
+		open $io, '<', $file;
+	}
+
+	# nothing to do if the open failed (we log the error later)
+	return unless $io;
+
+	# Net::Netrc does this, but the functionality is merged with the file
+	# detection logic, so we have to extract just the part we need
+	my @netrc_entries = net_netrc_loader($io);
+
+	# these entries will use the credential helper protocol token names
+	my @entries;
+
+	foreach my $nentry (@netrc_entries) {
+		my %entry;
+		my $num_port;
+
+		if (!defined $nentry->{machine}) {
+			next;
+		}
+		if (defined $nentry->{port} && $nentry->{port} =~ m/^\d+$/) {
+			$num_port = $nentry->{port};
+			delete $nentry->{port};
+		}
+
+		# create the new entry for the credential helper protocol
+		$entry{$options{tmap}->{$_}} = $nentry->{$_} foreach keys %$nentry;
+
+		# for "host X port Y" where Y is an integer (captured by
+		# $num_port above), set the host to "X:Y"
+		if (defined $entry{host} && defined $num_port) {
+			$entry{host} = join(':', $entry{host}, $num_port);
+		}
+
+		push @entries, \%entry;
+	}
+
+	return @entries;
+}
+
+sub net_netrc_loader {
+	my $fh = shift @_;
+	my @entries;
+	my ($mach, $macdef, $tok, @tok);
+
+    LINE:
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		undef $macdef if /\A\n\Z/;
+
+		if ($macdef) {
+			next LINE;
+		}
+
+		s/^\s*//;
+		chomp;
+
+		while (length && s/^("((?:[^"]+|\\.)*)"|((?:[^\\\s]+|\\.)*))\s*//) {
+			(my $tok = $+) =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g;
+			push(@tok, $tok);
+		}
+
+	    TOKEN:
+		while (@tok) {
+			if ($tok[0] eq "default") {
+				shift(@tok);
+				$mach = { machine => undef };
+				next TOKEN;
+			}
+
+			$tok = shift(@tok);
+
+			if ($tok eq "machine") {
+				my $host = shift @tok;
+				$mach = { machine => $host };
+				push @entries, $mach;
+			} elsif (exists $options{tmap}->{$tok}) {
+				unless ($mach) {
+					log_debug("Skipping token $tok because no machine was given");
+					next TOKEN;
+				}
+
+				my $value = shift @tok;
+				unless (defined $value) {
+					log_debug("Token $tok had no value, skipping it.");
+					next TOKEN;
+				}
+
+				# Following line added by rmerrell to remove '/' escape char in .netrc
+				$value =~ s/\/\\/\\/g;
+				$mach->{$tok} = $value;
+			} elsif ($tok eq "macdef") { # we ignore macros
+				next TOKEN unless $mach;
+				my $value = shift @tok;
+				$macdef = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return @entries;
+}
+
+sub read_credential_data_from_stdin {
+	# the query: start with every token with no value
+	my %q = map { $_ => undef } values(%{$options{tmap}});
+
+	while (<STDIN>) {
+		next unless m/^([^=]+)=(.+)/;
+
+		my ($token, $value) = ($1, $2);
+		die "Unknown search token $token" unless exists $q{$token};
+		$q{$token} = $value;
+		log_debug("We were given search token $token and value $value");
+	}
+
+	foreach (sort keys %q) {
+		log_debug("Searching for %s = %s", $_, $q{$_} || '(any value)');
+	}
+
+	return \%q;
+}
+
+# takes the search tokens and then a list of entries
+# each entry is a hash reference
+sub find_netrc_entry {
+	my $query = shift @_;
+
+    ENTRY:
+	foreach my $entry (@_)
+	{
+		my $entry_text = join ', ', map { "$_=$entry->{$_}" } keys %$entry;
+		foreach my $check (sort keys %$query) {
+			if (!defined $entry->{$check}) {
+			        log_debug("OK: entry has no $check token, so any value satisfies check $check");
+			} elsif (defined $query->{$check}) {
+				log_debug("compare %s [%s] to [%s] (entry: %s)",
+					  $check,
+					  $entry->{$check},
+					  $query->{$check},
+					  $entry_text);
+				unless ($query->{$check} eq $entry->{$check}) {
+					next ENTRY;
+				}
+			} else {
+				log_debug("OK: any value satisfies check $check");
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $entry;
+	}
+
+	# nothing was found
+	return;
+}
+
+sub print_credential_data {
+	my $entry = shift @_;
+	my $query = shift @_;
+
+	log_debug("entry has passed all the search checks");
+ TOKEN:
+	foreach my $git_token (sort keys %$entry) {
+		log_debug("looking for useful token $git_token");
+		# don't print unknown (to the credential helper protocol) tokens
+		next TOKEN unless exists $query->{$git_token};
+
+		# don't print things asked in the query (the entry matches them)
+		next TOKEN if defined $query->{$git_token};
+
+		log_debug("FOUND: $git_token=$entry->{$git_token}");
+		printf "%s=%s\n", $git_token, $entry->{$git_token};
+	}
+}
+sub log_verbose {
+	return unless $options{verbose};
+	printf STDERR @_;
+	printf STDERR "\n";
+}
+
+sub log_debug {
+	return unless $options{debug};
+	printf STDERR @_;
+	printf STDERR "\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba119a937f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+machine imap login tzz@lifelogs.com port imaps password letmeknow
+machine imap login bob port imaps password bobwillknow
+
+# comment test
+
+machine imap2 login tzz port 1099 password tzzknow
+machine imap2 login bob password bobwillknow
+
+# another command
+
+machine github.com
+  multilinetoken anothervalue
+  login carol password carolknows
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..169b6463c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+use Test;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 15 }
+
+my @global_credential_args = @ARGV;
+my $netrc = './test.netrc';
+print "# Testing insecure file, nothing should be found\n";
+chmod 0644, $netrc;
+my $cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+			  { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got 0 keys from insecure file");
+
+print "# Testing missing file, nothing should be found\n";
+chmod 0644, $netrc;
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', '///nosuchfile///', 'get'],
+		       { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got 0 keys from missing file");
+
+chmod 0600, $netrc;
+
+print "# Testing with invalid data\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       "bad data");
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 4, "Got first found keys with bad data");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a missing corovamilkbar entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'corovamilkbar' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got no corovamilkbar keys");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a github.com entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 Github keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'carolknows', "Got correct Github password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'carol', "Got correct Github username");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a username-specific entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap', username => 'bob' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 username-specific keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'bobwillknow', "Got correct user-specific password");
+ok($cred->{protocol}, 'imaps', "Got correct user-specific protocol");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a host:port-specific entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap2:1099' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 host:port-specific keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'tzzknow', "Got correct host:port-specific password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'tzz', "Got correct host:port-specific username");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file that 'host:port kills host' entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap2' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 'host:port kills host' keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'bobwillknow', "Got correct 'host:port kills host' password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'bob', "Got correct 'host:port kills host' username");
+
+sub run_credential
+{
+	my $args = shift @_;
+	my $data = shift @_;
+	my $pid = open2(my $chld_out, my $chld_in,
+			'./git-credential-netrc', @global_credential_args,
+			@$args);
+
+	die "Couldn't open pipe to netrc credential helper: $!" unless $pid;
+
+	if (ref $data eq 'HASH')
+	{
+		print $chld_in "$_=$data->{$_}\n" foreach sort keys %$data;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		print $chld_in "$data\n";
+	}
+
+	close $chld_in;
+	my %ret;
+
+	while (<$chld_out>)
+	{
+		chomp;
+		next unless m/^([^=]+)=(.+)/;
+
+		$ret{$1} = $2;
+	}
+
+	return \%ret;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/Makefile b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/Makefile
index 75c07f8be4..4b3a08a2ba 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/Makefile
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@ all:: git-credential-osxkeychain
 
 CC = gcc
 RM = rm -f
-CFLAGS = -g -Wall
+CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
 
 git-credential-osxkeychain: git-credential-osxkeychain.o
-	$(CC) -o $@ $< -Wl,-framework -Wl,Security
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $< $(LDFLAGS) -Wl,-framework -Wl,Security
 
 git-credential-osxkeychain.o: git-credential-osxkeychain.c
 	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
diff --git a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
index 6beed123ab..bcd3f575a3 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
@@ -127,10 +127,20 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 		*v++ = '\0';
 
 		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol")) {
-			if (!strcmp(v, "https"))
+			if (!strcmp(v, "imap"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeIMAP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "imaps"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeIMAPS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "ftp"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeFTP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "ftps"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeFTPS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "https"))
 				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeHTTPS;
 			else if (!strcmp(v, "http"))
 				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeHTTP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "smtp"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeSMTP;
 			else /* we don't yet handle other protocols */
 				exit(0);
 		}
@@ -154,7 +164,7 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	const char *usage =
-		"Usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
+		"usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
 
 	if (!argv[1])
 		die(usage);
diff --git a/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile b/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e992c0866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+all: git-credential-wincred.exe
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+CC ?= gcc
+RM ?= rm -f
+CFLAGS ?= -O2 -Wall
+
+prefix ?= /usr/local
+libexecdir ?= $(prefix)/libexec/git-core
+
+INSTALL ?= install
+
+git-credential-wincred.exe : git-credential-wincred.c
+	$(LINK.c) $^ $(LOADLIBES) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
+
+install: git-credential-wincred.exe
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $^ $(libexecdir)
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) git-credential-wincred.exe
diff --git a/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..006134043a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+ * A git credential helper that interface with Windows' Credential Manager
+ *
+ */
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+/* common helpers */
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+
+static void die(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	char msg[4096];
+	va_list params;
+	va_start(params, err);
+	vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), err, params);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+	va_end(params);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	void *ret = malloc(size);
+	if (!ret && !size)
+		ret = malloc(1);
+	if (!ret)
+		 die("Out of memory");
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* MinGW doesn't have wincred.h, so we need to define stuff */
+
+typedef struct _CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW {
+	LPWSTR Keyword;
+	DWORD  Flags;
+	DWORD  ValueSize;
+	LPBYTE Value;
+} CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW, *PCREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW;
+
+typedef struct _CREDENTIALW {
+	DWORD                  Flags;
+	DWORD                  Type;
+	LPWSTR                 TargetName;
+	LPWSTR                 Comment;
+	FILETIME               LastWritten;
+	DWORD                  CredentialBlobSize;
+	LPBYTE                 CredentialBlob;
+	DWORD                  Persist;
+	DWORD                  AttributeCount;
+	PCREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW Attributes;
+	LPWSTR                 TargetAlias;
+	LPWSTR                 UserName;
+} CREDENTIALW, *PCREDENTIALW;
+
+#define CRED_TYPE_GENERIC 1
+#define CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE 2
+#define CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES 64
+
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredWriteWT)(PCREDENTIALW, DWORD);
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredEnumerateWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD *,
+    PCREDENTIALW **);
+typedef VOID (WINAPI *CredFreeT)(PVOID);
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredDeleteWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD);
+
+static HMODULE advapi;
+static CredWriteWT CredWriteW;
+static CredEnumerateWT CredEnumerateW;
+static CredFreeT CredFree;
+static CredDeleteWT CredDeleteW;
+
+static void load_cred_funcs(void)
+{
+	/* load DLLs */
+	advapi = LoadLibrary("advapi32.dll");
+	if (!advapi)
+		die("failed to load advapi32.dll");
+
+	/* get function pointers */
+	CredWriteW = (CredWriteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredWriteW");
+	CredEnumerateW = (CredEnumerateWT)GetProcAddress(advapi,
+	    "CredEnumerateW");
+	CredFree = (CredFreeT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredFree");
+	CredDeleteW = (CredDeleteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredDeleteW");
+	if (!CredWriteW || !CredEnumerateW || !CredFree || !CredDeleteW)
+		die("failed to load functions");
+}
+
+static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *protocol, *host, *path, target[1024];
+
+static void write_item(const char *what, LPCWSTR wbuf, int wlen)
+{
+	char *buf;
+	int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, NULL, 0, NULL,
+	    FALSE);
+	buf = xmalloc(len);
+
+	if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
+		die("WideCharToMultiByte failed!");
+
+	printf("%s=", what);
+	fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
+	putchar('\n');
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Match an (optional) expected string and a delimiter in the target string,
+ * consuming the matched text by updating the target pointer.
+ */
+
+static LPCWSTR wcsstr_last(LPCWSTR str, LPCWSTR find)
+{
+	LPCWSTR res = NULL, pos;
+	for (pos = wcsstr(str, find); pos; pos = wcsstr(pos + 1, find))
+		res = pos;
+	return res;
+}
+
+static int match_part_with_last(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim, int last)
+{
+	LPCWSTR delim_pos, start = *ptarget;
+	int len;
+
+	/* find start of delimiter (or end-of-string if delim is empty) */
+	if (*delim)
+		delim_pos = last ? wcsstr_last(start, delim) : wcsstr(start, delim);
+	else
+		delim_pos = start + wcslen(start);
+
+	/*
+	 * match text up to delimiter, or end of string (e.g. the '/' after
+	 * host is optional if not followed by a path)
+	 */
+	if (delim_pos)
+		len = delim_pos - start;
+	else
+		len = wcslen(start);
+
+	/* update ptarget if we either found a delimiter or need a match */
+	if (delim_pos || want)
+		*ptarget = delim_pos ? delim_pos + wcslen(delim) : start + len;
+
+	return !want || (!wcsncmp(want, start, len) && !want[len]);
+}
+
+static int match_part(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim)
+{
+	return match_part_with_last(ptarget, want, delim, 0);
+}
+
+static int match_part_last(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim)
+{
+	return match_part_with_last(ptarget, want, delim, 1);
+}
+
+static int match_cred(const CREDENTIALW *cred)
+{
+	LPCWSTR target = cred->TargetName;
+	if (wusername && wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName))
+		return 0;
+
+	return match_part(&target, L"git", L":") &&
+		match_part(&target, protocol, L"://") &&
+		match_part_last(&target, wusername, L"@") &&
+		match_part(&target, host, L"/") &&
+		match_part(&target, path, L"");
+}
+
+static void get_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW **creds;
+	DWORD num_creds;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!CredEnumerateW(L"git:*", 0, &num_creds, &creds))
+		return;
+
+	/* search for the first credential that matches username */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i)
+		if (match_cred(creds[i])) {
+			write_item("username", creds[i]->UserName,
+				wcslen(creds[i]->UserName));
+			write_item("password",
+				(LPCWSTR)creds[i]->CredentialBlob,
+				creds[i]->CredentialBlobSize / sizeof(WCHAR));
+			break;
+		}
+
+	CredFree(creds);
+}
+
+static void store_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW cred;
+
+	if (!wusername || !password)
+		return;
+
+	cred.Flags = 0;
+	cred.Type = CRED_TYPE_GENERIC;
+	cred.TargetName = target;
+	cred.Comment = L"saved by git-credential-wincred";
+	cred.CredentialBlobSize = (wcslen(password)) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+	cred.CredentialBlob = (LPVOID)password;
+	cred.Persist = CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE;
+	cred.AttributeCount = 0;
+	cred.Attributes = NULL;
+	cred.TargetAlias = NULL;
+	cred.UserName = wusername;
+
+	if (!CredWriteW(&cred, 0))
+		die("CredWrite failed");
+}
+
+static void erase_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW **creds;
+	DWORD num_creds;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!CredEnumerateW(L"git:*", 0, &num_creds, &creds))
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i) {
+		if (match_cred(creds[i]))
+			CredDeleteW(creds[i]->TargetName, creds[i]->Type, 0);
+	}
+
+	CredFree(creds);
+}
+
+static WCHAR *utf8_to_utf16_dup(const char *str)
+{
+	int wlen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, NULL, 0);
+	WCHAR *wstr = xmalloc(sizeof(WCHAR) * wlen);
+	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, wstr, wlen);
+	return wstr;
+}
+
+static void read_credential(void)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
+		char *v;
+		int len = strlen(buf);
+		/* strip trailing CR / LF */
+		while (len && strchr("\r\n", buf[len - 1]))
+			buf[--len] = 0;
+
+		if (!*buf)
+			break;
+
+		v = strchr(buf, '=');
+		if (!v)
+			die("bad input: %s", buf);
+		*v++ = '\0';
+
+		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol"))
+			protocol = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "host"))
+			host = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "path"))
+			path = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "username")) {
+			wusername = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		} else if (!strcmp(buf, "password"))
+			password = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else
+			die("unrecognized input");
+	}
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	const char *usage =
+	    "usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
+
+	if (!argv[1])
+		die(usage);
+
+	/* git use binary pipes to avoid CRLF-issues */
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
+
+	read_credential();
+
+	load_cred_funcs();
+
+	if (!protocol || !(host || path))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* prepare 'target', the unique key for the credential */
+	wcscpy(target, L"git:");
+	wcsncat(target, protocol, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	wcsncat(target, L"://", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	if (wusername) {
+		wcsncat(target, wusername, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, L"@", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	}
+	if (host)
+		wcsncat(target, host, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	if (path) {
+		wcsncat(target, L"/", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, path, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "get"))
+		get_credential();
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "store"))
+		store_credential();
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "erase"))
+		erase_credential();
+	/* otherwise, ignore unknown action */
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/diff-highlight/README b/contrib/diff-highlight/README
index 1b7b6df8eb..836b97a730 100644
--- a/contrib/diff-highlight/README
+++ b/contrib/diff-highlight/README
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@ Instead, this script post-processes the line-oriented diff, finds pairs
 of lines, and highlights the differing segments.  It's currently very
 simple and stupid about doing these tasks. In particular:
 
-  1. It will only highlight a pair of lines if they are the only two
-     lines in a hunk.  It could instead try to match up "before" and
-     "after" lines for a given hunk into pairs of similar lines.
-     However, this may end up visually distracting, as the paired
-     lines would have other highlighted lines in between them. And in
-     practice, the lines which most need attention called to their
-     small, hard-to-see changes are touching only a single line.
+  1. It will only highlight hunks in which the number of removed and
+     added lines is the same, and it will pair lines within the hunk by
+     position (so the first removed line is compared to the first added
+     line, and so forth). This is simple and tends to work well in
+     practice. More complex changes don't highlight well, so we tend to
+     exclude them due to the "same number of removed and added lines"
+     restriction. Or even if we do try to highlight them, they end up
+     not highlighting because of our "don't highlight if the whole line
+     would be highlighted" rule.
 
   2. It will find the common prefix and suffix of two lines, and
      consider everything in the middle to be "different". It could
@@ -55,3 +57,137 @@ following in your git configuration:
 	show = diff-highlight | less
 	diff = diff-highlight | less
 ---------------------------------------------
+
+
+Color Config
+------------
+
+You can configure the highlight colors and attributes using git's
+config. The colors for "old" and "new" lines can be specified
+independently. There are two "modes" of configuration:
+
+  1. You can specify a "highlight" color and a matching "reset" color.
+     This will retain any existing colors in the diff, and apply the
+     "highlight" and "reset" colors before and after the highlighted
+     portion.
+
+  2. You can specify a "normal" color and a "highlight" color. In this
+     case, existing colors are dropped from that line. The non-highlighted
+     bits of the line get the "normal" color, and the highlights get the
+     "highlight" color.
+
+If no "new" colors are specified, they default to the "old" colors. If
+no "old" colors are specified, the default is to reverse the foreground
+and background for highlighted portions.
+
+Examples:
+
+---------------------------------------------
+# Underline highlighted portions
+[color "diff-highlight"]
+oldHighlight = ul
+oldReset = noul
+---------------------------------------------
+
+---------------------------------------------
+# Varying background intensities
+[color "diff-highlight"]
+oldNormal = "black #f8cbcb"
+oldHighlight = "black #ffaaaa"
+newNormal = "black #cbeecb"
+newHighlight = "black #aaffaa"
+---------------------------------------------
+
+
+Bugs
+----
+
+Because diff-highlight relies on heuristics to guess which parts of
+changes are important, there are some cases where the highlighting is
+more distracting than useful. Fortunately, these cases are rare in
+practice, and when they do occur, the worst case is simply a little
+extra highlighting. This section documents some cases known to be
+sub-optimal, in case somebody feels like working on improving the
+heuristics.
+
+1. Two changes on the same line get highlighted in a blob. For example,
+   highlighting:
+
+----------------------------------------------
+-foo(buf, size);
++foo(obj->buf, obj->size);
+----------------------------------------------
+
+   yields (where the inside of "+{}" would be highlighted):
+
+----------------------------------------------
+-foo(buf, size);
++foo(+{obj->buf, obj->}size);
+----------------------------------------------
+
+   whereas a more semantically meaningful output would be:
+
+----------------------------------------------
+-foo(buf, size);
++foo(+{obj->}buf, +{obj->}size);
+----------------------------------------------
+
+   Note that doing this right would probably involve a set of
+   content-specific boundary patterns, similar to word-diff. Otherwise
+   you get junk like:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------
+-this line has some -{i}nt-{ere}sti-{ng} text on it
++this line has some +{fa}nt+{a}sti+{c} text on it
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+   which is less readable than the current output.
+
+2. The multi-line matching assumes that lines in the pre- and post-image
+   match by position. This is often the case, but can be fooled when a
+   line is removed from the top and a new one added at the bottom (or
+   vice versa). Unless the lines in the middle are also changed, diffs
+   will show this as two hunks, and it will not get highlighted at all
+   (which is good). But if the lines in the middle are changed, the
+   highlighting can be misleading. Here's a pathological case:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------
+-one
+-two
+-three
+-four
++two 2
++three 3
++four 4
++five 5
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+   which gets highlighted as:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------
+-one
+-t-{wo}
+-three
+-f-{our}
++two 2
++t+{hree 3}
++four 4
++f+{ive 5}
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+   because it matches "two" to "three 3", and so forth. It would be
+   nicer as:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------
+-one
+-two
+-three
+-four
++two +{2}
++three +{3}
++four +{4}
++five 5
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+   which would probably involve pre-matching the lines into pairs
+   according to some heuristic.
diff --git a/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight b/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight
index d8938982e4..ffefc31a98 100755
--- a/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight
+++ b/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight
@@ -1,28 +1,52 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl
 
+use 5.008;
+use warnings FATAL => 'all';
+use strict;
+
 # Highlight by reversing foreground and background. You could do
 # other things like bold or underline if you prefer.
-my $HIGHLIGHT   = "\x1b[7m";
-my $UNHIGHLIGHT = "\x1b[27m";
+my @OLD_HIGHLIGHT = (
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.oldnormal'),
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.oldhighlight', "\x1b[7m"),
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.oldreset', "\x1b[27m")
+);
+my @NEW_HIGHLIGHT = (
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.newnormal', $OLD_HIGHLIGHT[0]),
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.newhighlight', $OLD_HIGHLIGHT[1]),
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.newreset', $OLD_HIGHLIGHT[2])
+);
+
+my $RESET = "\x1b[m";
 my $COLOR = qr/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m/;
+my $BORING = qr/$COLOR|\s/;
 
-my @window;
+my @removed;
+my @added;
+my $in_hunk;
+
+# Some scripts may not realize that SIGPIPE is being ignored when launching the
+# pager--for instance scripts written in Python.
+$SIG{PIPE} = 'DEFAULT';
 
 while (<>) {
-	# We highlight only single-line changes, so we need
-	# a 4-line window to make a decision on whether
-	# to highlight.
-	push @window, $_;
-	next if @window < 4;
-	if ($window[0] =~ /^$COLOR*(\@| )/ &&
-	    $window[1] =~ /^$COLOR*-/ &&
-	    $window[2] =~ /^$COLOR*\+/ &&
-	    $window[3] !~ /^$COLOR*\+/) {
-		print shift @window;
-		show_pair(shift @window, shift @window);
+	if (!$in_hunk) {
+		print;
+		$in_hunk = /^$COLOR*\@/;
+	}
+	elsif (/^$COLOR*-/) {
+		push @removed, $_;
+	}
+	elsif (/^$COLOR*\+/) {
+		push @added, $_;
 	}
 	else {
-		print shift @window;
+		show_hunk(\@removed, \@added);
+		@removed = ();
+		@added = ();
+
+		print;
+		$in_hunk = /^$COLOR*[\@ ]/;
 	}
 
 	# Most of the time there is enough output to keep things streaming,
@@ -38,23 +62,51 @@ while (<>) {
 	}
 }
 
-# Special case a single-line hunk at the end of file.
-if (@window == 3 &&
-    $window[0] =~ /^$COLOR*(\@| )/ &&
-    $window[1] =~ /^$COLOR*-/ &&
-    $window[2] =~ /^$COLOR*\+/) {
-	print shift @window;
-	show_pair(shift @window, shift @window);
-}
+# Flush any queued hunk (this can happen when there is no trailing context in
+# the final diff of the input).
+show_hunk(\@removed, \@added);
 
-# And then flush any remaining lines.
-while (@window) {
-	print shift @window;
+exit 0;
+
+# Ideally we would feed the default as a human-readable color to
+# git-config as the fallback value. But diff-highlight does
+# not otherwise depend on git at all, and there are reports
+# of it being used in other settings. Let's handle our own
+# fallback, which means we will work even if git can't be run.
+sub color_config {
+	my ($key, $default) = @_;
+	my $s = `git config --get-color $key 2>/dev/null`;
+	return length($s) ? $s : $default;
 }
 
-exit 0;
+sub show_hunk {
+	my ($a, $b) = @_;
 
-sub show_pair {
+	# If one side is empty, then there is nothing to compare or highlight.
+	if (!@$a || !@$b) {
+		print @$a, @$b;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	# If we have mismatched numbers of lines on each side, we could try to
+	# be clever and match up similar lines. But for now we are simple and
+	# stupid, and only handle multi-line hunks that remove and add the same
+	# number of lines.
+	if (@$a != @$b) {
+		print @$a, @$b;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	my @queue;
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < @$a; $i++) {
+		my ($rm, $add) = highlight_pair($a->[$i], $b->[$i]);
+		print $rm;
+		push @queue, $add;
+	}
+	print @queue;
+}
+
+sub highlight_pair {
 	my @a = split_line(shift);
 	my @b = split_line(shift);
 
@@ -101,24 +153,66 @@ sub show_pair {
 		}
 	}
 
-	print highlight(\@a, $pa, $sa);
-	print highlight(\@b, $pb, $sb);
+	if (is_pair_interesting(\@a, $pa, $sa, \@b, $pb, $sb)) {
+		return highlight_line(\@a, $pa, $sa, \@OLD_HIGHLIGHT),
+		       highlight_line(\@b, $pb, $sb, \@NEW_HIGHLIGHT);
+	}
+	else {
+		return join('', @a),
+		       join('', @b);
+	}
 }
 
 sub split_line {
 	local $_ = shift;
-	return map { /$COLOR/ ? $_ : (split //) }
-	       split /($COLOR*)/;
+	return utf8::decode($_) ?
+		map { utf8::encode($_); $_ }
+			map { /$COLOR/ ? $_ : (split //) }
+			split /($COLOR+)/ :
+		map { /$COLOR/ ? $_ : (split //) }
+		split /($COLOR+)/;
+}
+
+sub highlight_line {
+	my ($line, $prefix, $suffix, $theme) = @_;
+
+	my $start = join('', @{$line}[0..($prefix-1)]);
+	my $mid = join('', @{$line}[$prefix..$suffix]);
+	my $end = join('', @{$line}[($suffix+1)..$#$line]);
+
+	# If we have a "normal" color specified, then take over the whole line.
+	# Otherwise, we try to just manipulate the highlighted bits.
+	if (defined $theme->[0]) {
+		s/$COLOR//g for ($start, $mid, $end);
+		chomp $end;
+		return join('',
+			$theme->[0], $start, $RESET,
+			$theme->[1], $mid, $RESET,
+			$theme->[0], $end, $RESET,
+			"\n"
+		);
+	} else {
+		return join('',
+			$start,
+			$theme->[1], $mid, $theme->[2],
+			$end
+		);
+	}
 }
 
-sub highlight {
-	my ($line, $prefix, $suffix) = @_;
+# Pairs are interesting to highlight only if we are going to end up
+# highlighting a subset (i.e., not the whole line). Otherwise, the highlighting
+# is just useless noise. We can detect this by finding either a matching prefix
+# or suffix (disregarding boring bits like whitespace and colorization).
+sub is_pair_interesting {
+	my ($a, $pa, $sa, $b, $pb, $sb) = @_;
+	my $prefix_a = join('', @$a[0..($pa-1)]);
+	my $prefix_b = join('', @$b[0..($pb-1)]);
+	my $suffix_a = join('', @$a[($sa+1)..$#$a]);
+	my $suffix_b = join('', @$b[($sb+1)..$#$b]);
 
-	return join('',
-		@{$line}[0..($prefix-1)],
-		$HIGHLIGHT,
-		@{$line}[$prefix..$suffix],
-		$UNHIGHLIGHT,
-		@{$line}[($suffix+1)..$#$line]
-	);
+	return $prefix_a !~ /^$COLOR*-$BORING*$/ ||
+	       $prefix_b !~ /^$COLOR*\+$BORING*$/ ||
+	       $suffix_a !~ /^$BORING*$/ ||
+	       $suffix_b !~ /^$BORING*$/;
 }
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el b/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
index d351cfb6e7..e671f6c1c6 100644
--- a/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ See also function `git-blame-mode'."
 
 (defun git-blame-cleanup ()
   "Remove all blame properties"
-    (mapcar 'delete-overlay git-blame-overlays)
+    (mapc 'delete-overlay git-blame-overlays)
     (setq git-blame-overlays nil)
     (remove-git-blame-text-properties (point-min) (point-max)))
 
@@ -337,16 +337,16 @@ See also function `git-blame-mode'."
 (defvar in-blame-filter nil)
 
 (defun git-blame-filter (proc str)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-buffer (process-buffer proc))
-    (goto-char (process-mark proc))
-    (insert-before-markers str)
-    (goto-char 0)
-    (unless in-blame-filter
-      (let ((more t)
-            (in-blame-filter t))
-        (while more
-          (setq more (git-blame-parse)))))))
+  (with-current-buffer (process-buffer proc)
+    (save-excursion
+      (goto-char (process-mark proc))
+      (insert-before-markers str)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (unless in-blame-filter
+        (let ((more t)
+              (in-blame-filter t))
+          (while more
+            (setq more (git-blame-parse))))))))
 
 (defun git-blame-parse ()
   (cond ((looking-at "\\([0-9a-f]\\{40\\}\\) \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\)\n")
@@ -385,32 +385,33 @@ See also function `git-blame-mode'."
           info))))
 
 (defun git-blame-create-overlay (info start-line num-lines)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-buffer git-blame-file)
-    (let ((inhibit-point-motion-hooks t)
-          (inhibit-modification-hooks t))
-      (goto-line start-line)
-      (let* ((start (point))
-             (end (progn (forward-line num-lines) (point)))
-             (ovl (make-overlay start end))
-             (hash (car info))
-             (spec `((?h . ,(substring hash 0 6))
-                     (?H . ,hash)
-                     (?a . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author))
-                     (?A . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author-mail))
-                     (?c . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer))
-                     (?C . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer-mail))
-                     (?s . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'summary)))))
-        (push ovl git-blame-overlays)
-        (overlay-put ovl 'git-blame info)
-        (overlay-put ovl 'help-echo
-                     (format-spec git-blame-mouseover-format spec))
-        (if git-blame-use-colors
-            (overlay-put ovl 'face (list :background
-                                         (cdr (assq 'color (cdr info))))))
-        (overlay-put ovl 'line-prefix
-                     (propertize (format-spec git-blame-prefix-format spec)
-                                 'face 'git-blame-prefix-face))))))
+  (with-current-buffer git-blame-file
+    (save-excursion
+      (let ((inhibit-point-motion-hooks t)
+            (inhibit-modification-hooks t))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (forward-line (1- start-line))
+        (let* ((start (point))
+               (end (progn (forward-line num-lines) (point)))
+               (ovl (make-overlay start end))
+               (hash (car info))
+               (spec `((?h . ,(substring hash 0 6))
+                       (?H . ,hash)
+                       (?a . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author))
+                       (?A . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author-mail))
+                       (?c . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer))
+                       (?C . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer-mail))
+                       (?s . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'summary)))))
+          (push ovl git-blame-overlays)
+          (overlay-put ovl 'git-blame info)
+          (overlay-put ovl 'help-echo
+                       (format-spec git-blame-mouseover-format spec))
+          (if git-blame-use-colors
+              (overlay-put ovl 'face (list :background
+                                           (cdr (assq 'color (cdr info))))))
+          (overlay-put ovl 'line-prefix
+                       (propertize (format-spec git-blame-prefix-format spec)
+                                   'face 'git-blame-prefix-face)))))))
 
 (defun git-blame-add-info (info key value)
   (nconc info (list (cons (intern key) value))))
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git.el b/contrib/emacs/git.el
index 65c95d9d5a..5ffc506f6d 100644
--- a/contrib/emacs/git.el
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git.el
@@ -1671,7 +1671,7 @@ Commands:
   "Entry point into git-status mode."
   (interactive "DSelect directory: ")
   (setq dir (git-get-top-dir dir))
-  (if (file-directory-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
+  (if (file-exists-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
       (let ((buffer (or (and git-reuse-status-buffer (git-find-status-buffer dir))
                         (create-file-buffer (expand-file-name "*git-status*" dir)))))
         (switch-to-buffer buffer)
diff --git a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
index 3140e405fa..a3eb19de04 100644
--- a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
+++ b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ static int update_ref_env(const char *action,
 		rla = "(reflog update)";
 	if (snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s: %s", rla, action) >= sizeof(msg))
 		warning("reflog message too long: %.*s...", 50, msg);
-	return update_ref(msg, refname, sha1, oldval, 0, QUIET_ON_ERR);
+	return update_ref(msg, refname, sha1, oldval, 0,
+			  UPDATE_REFS_QUIET_ON_ERR);
 }
 
 static int update_local_ref(const char *name,
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ static int update_local_ref(const char *name,
 	strcpy(oldh, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	strcpy(newh, find_unique_abbrev(sha1_new, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
-	if (in_merge_bases(current, &updated, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(current, updated)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "* %s: fast-forward to %s\n",
 			name, note);
 		fprintf(stderr, "  old..new: %s..%s\n", oldh, newh);
@@ -515,10 +516,10 @@ int cmd_fetch__tool(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 		if (argc != 8)
 			return error("append-fetch-head takes 6 args");
-		filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
+		filename = git_path_fetch_head();
 		fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 		if (!fp)
-			return error("cannot open %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+			return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
 		result = append_fetch_head(fp, argv[2], argv[3],
 					   argv[4], argv[5],
 					   argv[6], !!argv[7][0],
@@ -533,10 +534,10 @@ int cmd_fetch__tool(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 		if (argc != 5)
 			return error("fetch-native-store takes 3 args");
-		filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
+		filename = git_path_fetch_head();
 		fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 		if (!fp)
-			return error("cannot open %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+			return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
 		result = fetch_native_store(fp, argv[2], argv[3], argv[4],
 					    verbose, force);
 		fclose(fp);
diff --git a/git-am.sh b/contrib/examples/git-am.sh
index 1c13b13991..dd539f1a8a 100755
--- a/git-am.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-am.sh
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=t
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git am [options] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]
-git am [options] (--resolved | --skip | --abort)
+git am [options] (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 --
 i,interactive   run interactively
 b,binary*       (historical option -- no-op)
@@ -15,6 +16,8 @@ q,quiet         be quiet
 s,signoff       add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message
 u,utf8          recode into utf8 (default)
 k,keep          pass -k flag to git-mailinfo
+keep-non-patch  pass -b flag to git-mailinfo
+m,message-id    pass -m flag to git-mailinfo
 keep-cr         pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format
 no-keep-cr      do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr
 c,scissors      strip everything before a scissors line
@@ -23,6 +26,7 @@ ignore-space-change pass it through git-apply
 ignore-whitespace pass it through git-apply
 directory=      pass it through git-apply
 exclude=        pass it through git-apply
+include=        pass it through git-apply
 C=              pass it through git-apply
 p=              pass it through git-apply
 patch-format=   format the patch(es) are in
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ abort           restore the original branch and abort the patching operation.
 committer-date-is-author-date    lie about committer date
 ignore-date     use current timestamp for author date
 rerere-autoupdate update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible
+S,gpg-sign?     GPG-sign commits
 rebasing*       (internal use for git-rebase)"
 
 . git-sh-setup
@@ -64,6 +69,8 @@ then
 	cmdline="$cmdline -3"
 fi
 
+empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+
 sq () {
 	git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@"
 }
@@ -80,7 +87,7 @@ safe_to_abort () {
 		return 1
 	fi
 
-	if ! test -s "$dotest/abort-safety"
+	if ! test -f "$dotest/abort-safety"
 	then
 		return 0
 	fi
@@ -90,7 +97,7 @@ safe_to_abort () {
 	then
 		return 0
 	fi
-		gettextln "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.
+	gettextln "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.
 Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD" >&2
 	return 1
 }
@@ -100,9 +107,9 @@ stop_here_user_resolve () {
 	    printf '%s\n' "$resolvemsg"
 	    stop_here $1
     fi
-    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem run \"\$cmdline --resolved\".
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
-To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
+    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --continue\".
+If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"\$cmdline --skip\" instead.
+To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 
     stop_here $1
 }
@@ -121,21 +128,30 @@ cannot_fallback () {
 }
 
 fall_back_3way () {
-    O_OBJECT=`cd "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY" && pwd`
+    O_OBJECT=$(cd "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY" && pwd)
 
     rm -fr "$dotest"/patch-merge-*
     mkdir "$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-dir"
 
     # First see if the patch records the index info that we can use.
-    git apply --build-fake-ancestor "$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" \
-	"$dotest/patch" &&
+    cmd="git apply $git_apply_opt --build-fake-ancestor" &&
+    cmd="$cmd "'"$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" "$dotest/patch"' &&
+    eval "$cmd" &&
     GIT_INDEX_FILE="$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" \
     git write-tree >"$dotest/patch-merge-base+" ||
     cannot_fallback "$(gettext "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge.")"
 
-    say Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
-    if GIT_INDEX_FILE="$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" \
-	git apply --cached <"$dotest/patch"
+    say "$(gettext "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...")"
+
+    cmd='GIT_INDEX_FILE="$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index"'
+
+    if test -z "$GIT_QUIET"
+    then
+	eval "$cmd git diff-index --cached --diff-filter=AM --name-status HEAD"
+    fi
+
+    cmd="$cmd git apply --cached $git_apply_opt"' <"$dotest/patch"'
+    if eval "$cmd"
     then
 	mv "$dotest/patch-merge-base+" "$dotest/patch-merge-base"
 	mv "$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" "$dotest/patch-merge-index"
@@ -163,10 +179,10 @@ It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index.")"
     then
 	    GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=0 && export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY
     fi
-    git-merge-recursive $orig_tree -- HEAD $his_tree || {
+    our_tree=$(git rev-parse --verify -q HEAD || echo $empty_tree)
+    git-merge-recursive $orig_tree -- $our_tree $his_tree || {
 	    git rerere $allow_rerere_autoupdate
-	    echo Failed to merge in the changes.
-	    exit 1
+	    die "$(gettext "Failed to merge in the changes.")"
     }
     unset GITHEAD_$his_tree
 }
@@ -201,7 +217,7 @@ check_patch_format () {
 		l1=
 		while test -z "$l1"
 		do
-			read l1
+			read l1 || break
 		done
 		read l2
 		read l3
@@ -249,7 +265,7 @@ check_patch_format () {
 split_patches () {
 	case "$patch_format" in
 	mbox)
-		if test -n "$rebasing" || test t = "$keepcr"
+		if test t = "$keepcr"
 		then
 		    keep_cr=--keep-cr
 		else
@@ -263,7 +279,7 @@ split_patches () {
 		then
 			clean_abort "$(gettext "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once")"
 		fi
-		series_dir=`dirname "$1"`
+		series_dir=$(dirname "$1")
 		series_file="$1"
 		shift
 		{
@@ -284,15 +300,16 @@ split_patches () {
 		;;
 	stgit)
 		this=0
+		test 0 -eq "$#" && set -- -
 		for stgit in "$@"
 		do
-			this=`expr "$this" + 1`
-			msgnum=`printf "%0${prec}d" $this`
+			this=$(expr "$this" + 1)
+			msgnum=$(printf "%0${prec}d" $this)
 			# Perl version of StGIT parse_patch. The first nonemptyline
 			# not starting with Author, From or Date is the
 			# subject, and the body starts with the next nonempty
 			# line not starting with Author, From or Date
-			perl -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
+			@@PERL@@ -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
 				if ($subject > 1) { print ; }
 				elsif (/^\s+$/) { next ; }
 				elsif (/^Author:/) { s/Author/From/ ; print ;}
@@ -305,7 +322,7 @@ split_patches () {
 					print "Subject: ", $_ ;
 					$subject = 1;
 				}
-			' < "$stgit" > "$dotest/$msgnum" || clean_abort
+			' -- "$stgit" >"$dotest/$msgnum" || clean_abort
 		done
 		echo "$this" > "$dotest/last"
 		this=
@@ -313,6 +330,7 @@ split_patches () {
 		;;
 	hg)
 		this=0
+		test 0 -eq "$#" && set -- -
 		for hg in "$@"
 		do
 			this=$(( $this + 1 ))
@@ -324,22 +342,22 @@ split_patches () {
 			# Since we cannot guarantee that the commit message is in
 			# git-friendly format, we put no Subject: line and just consume
 			# all of the message as the body
-			perl -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
+			LANG=C LC_ALL=C @@PERL@@ -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
 				if ($subject) { print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# User /) { s/\# User/From:/ ; print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# Date /) {
 					my ($hashsign, $str, $time, $tz) = split ;
-					$tz = sprintf "%+05d", (0-$tz)/36;
+					$tz_str = sprintf "%+05d", (0-$tz)/36;
 					print "Date: " .
 					      strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S ",
-						       localtime($time))
-					      . "$tz\n";
+						       gmtime($time-$tz))
+					      . "$tz_str\n";
 				} elsif (/^\# /) { next ; }
 				else {
 					print "\n", $_ ;
 					$subject = 1;
 				}
-			' <"$hg" >"$dotest/$msgnum" || clean_abort
+			' -- "$hg" >"$dotest/$msgnum" || clean_abort
 		done
 		echo "$this" >"$dotest/last"
 		this=
@@ -359,11 +377,18 @@ split_patches () {
 prec=4
 dotest="$GIT_DIR/rebase-apply"
 sign= utf8=t keep= keepcr= skip= interactive= resolved= rebasing= abort=
-resolvemsg= resume= scissors= no_inbody_headers=
+messageid= resolvemsg= resume= scissors= no_inbody_headers=
 git_apply_opt=
 committer_date_is_author_date=
 ignore_date=
 allow_rerere_autoupdate=
+gpg_sign_opt=
+threeway=
+
+if test "$(git config --bool --get am.messageid)" = true
+then
+    messageid=t
+fi
 
 if test "$(git config --bool --get am.keepcr)" = true
 then
@@ -376,7 +401,9 @@ do
 	-i|--interactive)
 		interactive=t ;;
 	-b|--binary)
-		: ;;
+		gettextln >&2 "The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and
+it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+		;;
 	-3|--3way)
 		threeway=t ;;
 	-s|--signoff)
@@ -385,8 +412,14 @@ do
 		utf8=t ;; # this is now default
 	--no-utf8)
 		utf8= ;;
+	-m|--message-id)
+		messageid=t ;;
+	--no-message-id)
+		messageid=f ;;
 	-k|--keep)
 		keep=t ;;
+	--keep-non-patch)
+		keep=b ;;
 	-c|--scissors)
 		scissors=t ;;
 	--no-scissors)
@@ -398,18 +431,15 @@ do
 	--abort)
 		abort=t ;;
 	--rebasing)
-		rebasing=t threeway=t keep=t scissors=f no_inbody_headers=t ;;
-	-d|--dotest)
-		die "$(gettext "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use.")"
-		;;
-	--resolvemsg)
-		shift; resolvemsg=$1 ;;
-	--whitespace|--directory|--exclude)
-		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1=$2")"; shift ;;
-	-C|-p)
-		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1$2")"; shift ;;
-	--patch-format)
-		shift ; patch_format="$1" ;;
+		rebasing=t threeway=t ;;
+	--resolvemsg=*)
+		resolvemsg="${1#--resolvemsg=}" ;;
+	--whitespace=*|--directory=*|--exclude=*|--include=*)
+		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1")" ;;
+	-C*|-p*)
+		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1")" ;;
+	--patch-format=*)
+		patch_format="${1#--patch-format=}" ;;
 	--reject|--ignore-whitespace|--ignore-space-change)
 		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $1" ;;
 	--committer-date-is-author-date)
@@ -424,6 +454,10 @@ do
 		keepcr=t ;;
 	--no-keep-cr)
 		keepcr=f ;;
+	--gpg-sign)
+		gpg_sign_opt=-S ;;
+	--gpg-sign=*)
+		gpg_sign_opt="-S${1#--gpg-sign=}" ;;
 	--)
 		shift; break ;;
 	*)
@@ -435,6 +469,8 @@ done
 # If the dotest directory exists, but we have finished applying all the
 # patches in them, clear it out.
 if test -d "$dotest" &&
+   test -f "$dotest/last" &&
+   test -f "$dotest/next" &&
    last=$(cat "$dotest/last") &&
    next=$(cat "$dotest/next") &&
    test $# != 0 &&
@@ -443,7 +479,7 @@ then
    rm -fr "$dotest"
 fi
 
-if test -d "$dotest"
+if test -d "$dotest" && test -f "$dotest/last" && test -f "$dotest/next"
 then
 	case "$#,$skip$resolved$abort" in
 	0,*t*)
@@ -472,10 +508,11 @@ then
 		;;
 	t,)
 		git rerere clear
-		git read-tree --reset -u HEAD HEAD
-		orig_head=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/ORIG_HEAD")
-		git reset HEAD
-		git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
+		head_tree=$(git rev-parse --verify -q HEAD || echo $empty_tree) &&
+		git read-tree --reset -u $head_tree $head_tree &&
+		index_tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+		git read-tree -m -u $index_tree $head_tree
+		git read-tree -m $head_tree
 		;;
 	,t)
 		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
@@ -485,15 +522,43 @@ then
 		git rerere clear
 		if safe_to_abort
 		then
-			git read-tree --reset -u HEAD ORIG_HEAD
-			git reset ORIG_HEAD
+			head_tree=$(git rev-parse --verify -q HEAD || echo $empty_tree) &&
+			git read-tree --reset -u $head_tree $head_tree &&
+			index_tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+			orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify -q ORIG_HEAD || echo $empty_tree) &&
+			git read-tree -m -u $index_tree $orig_head
+			if git rev-parse --verify -q ORIG_HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+			then
+				git reset ORIG_HEAD
+			else
+				git read-tree $empty_tree
+				curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
+				git update-ref -d $curr_branch
+			fi
 		fi
 		rm -fr "$dotest"
 		exit ;;
 	esac
 	rm -f "$dotest/dirtyindex"
 else
-	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --resolved, nor --abort
+	# Possible stray $dotest directory in the independent-run
+	# case; in the --rebasing case, it is upto the caller
+	# (git-rebase--am) to take care of stray directories.
+	if test -d "$dotest" && test -z "$rebasing"
+	then
+		case "$skip,$resolved,$abort" in
+		,,t)
+			rm -fr "$dotest"
+			exit 0
+			;;
+		*)
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Stray \$dotest directory found.
+Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it.")"
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+
+	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --continue, or --abort
 	test "$skip$resolved$abort" = "" ||
 		die "$(gettext "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming.")"
 
@@ -530,6 +595,7 @@ else
 	echo "$sign" >"$dotest/sign"
 	echo "$utf8" >"$dotest/utf8"
 	echo "$keep" >"$dotest/keep"
+	echo "$messageid" >"$dotest/messageid"
 	echo "$scissors" >"$dotest/scissors"
 	echo "$no_inbody_headers" >"$dotest/no_inbody_headers"
 	echo "$GIT_QUIET" >"$dotest/quiet"
@@ -565,16 +631,31 @@ case "$resolved" in
 	fi
 esac
 
+# Now, decide what command line options we will give to the git
+# commands we invoke, based on the result of parsing command line
+# options and previous invocation state stored in $dotest/ files.
+
 if test "$(cat "$dotest/utf8")" = t
 then
 	utf8=-u
 else
 	utf8=-n
 fi
-if test "$(cat "$dotest/keep")" = t
-then
-	keep=-k
-fi
+keep=$(cat "$dotest/keep")
+case "$keep" in
+t)
+	keep=-k ;;
+b)
+	keep=-b ;;
+*)
+	keep= ;;
+esac
+case "$(cat "$dotest/messageid")" in
+t)
+	messageid=-m ;;
+f)
+	messageid= ;;
+esac
 case "$(cat "$dotest/scissors")" in
 t)
 	scissors=--scissors ;;
@@ -598,26 +679,26 @@ fi
 git_apply_opt=$(cat "$dotest/apply-opt")
 if test "$(cat "$dotest/sign")" = t
 then
-	SIGNOFF=`git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -e '
+	SIGNOFF=$(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -e '
 			s/>.*/>/
 			s/^/Signed-off-by: /'
-		`
+		)
 else
 	SIGNOFF=
 fi
 
-last=`cat "$dotest/last"`
-this=`cat "$dotest/next"`
+last=$(cat "$dotest/last")
+this=$(cat "$dotest/next")
 if test "$skip" = t
 then
-	this=`expr "$this" + 1`
+	this=$(expr "$this" + 1)
 	resume=
 fi
 
 while test "$this" -le "$last"
 do
-	msgnum=`printf "%0${prec}d" $this`
-	next=`expr "$this" + 1`
+	msgnum=$(printf "%0${prec}d" $this)
+	next=$(expr "$this" + 1)
 	test -f "$dotest/$msgnum" || {
 		resume=
 		go_next
@@ -631,35 +712,37 @@ do
 	#  - patch is the patch body.
 	#
 	# When we are resuming, these files are either already prepared
-	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --resolved flag.
+	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --continue flag.
 	case "$resume" in
 	'')
-		git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
-			<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
-			stop_here $this
-
-		# skip pine's internal folder data
-		sane_grep '^Author: Mail System Internal Data$' \
-			<"$dotest"/info >/dev/null &&
-			go_next && continue
-
-		test -s "$dotest/patch" || {
-			eval_gettextln "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
-To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
-			stop_here $this
-		}
-		rm -f "$dotest/original-commit" "$dotest/author-script"
-		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing" &&
+		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
+		then
 			commit=$(sed -e 's/^From \([0-9a-f]*\) .*/\1/' \
 				-e q "$dotest/$msgnum") &&
-			test "$(git cat-file -t "$commit")" = commit
-		then
+			test "$(git cat-file -t "$commit")" = commit ||
+				stop_here $this
 			git cat-file commit "$commit" |
 			sed -e '1,/^$/d' >"$dotest/msg-clean"
-			echo "$commit" > "$dotest/original-commit"
-			get_author_ident_from_commit "$commit" > "$dotest/author-script"
+			echo "$commit" >"$dotest/original-commit"
+			get_author_ident_from_commit "$commit" >"$dotest/author-script"
+			git diff-tree --root --binary --full-index "$commit" >"$dotest/patch"
 		else
+			git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $messageid $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
+				<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
+				stop_here $this
+
+			# skip pine's internal folder data
+			sane_grep '^Author: Mail System Internal Data$' \
+				<"$dotest"/info >/dev/null &&
+				go_next && continue
+
+			test -s "$dotest/patch" || {
+				eval_gettextln "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?
+If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
+To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
+				stop_here $this
+			}
+			rm -f "$dotest/original-commit" "$dotest/author-script"
 			{
 				sed -n '/^Subject/ s/Subject: //p' "$dotest/info"
 				echo
@@ -691,16 +774,16 @@ To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 	'')
 	    if test '' != "$SIGNOFF"
 	    then
-		LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY=`
+		LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY=$(
 		    sed -ne '/^Signed-off-by: /p' \
 		    "$dotest/msg-clean" |
 		    sed -ne '$p'
-		`
-		ADD_SIGNOFF=`
+		)
+		ADD_SIGNOFF=$(
 		    test "$LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY" = "$SIGNOFF" || {
 		    test '' = "$LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY" && echo
 		    echo "$SIGNOFF"
-		}`
+		})
 	    else
 		ADD_SIGNOFF=
 	    fi
@@ -756,23 +839,23 @@ To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 	    action=yes
 	fi
 
-	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
-	then
-		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
-	else
-		FIRSTLINE=""
-	fi
-
 	if test $action = skip
 	then
 		go_next
 		continue
 	fi
 
-	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/applypatch-msg
+	hook="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/applypatch-msg)"
+	if test -x "$hook"
 	then
-		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/applypatch-msg "$dotest/final-commit" ||
-		stop_here $this
+		"$hook" "$dotest/final-commit" || stop_here $this
+	fi
+
+	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
+	then
+		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
+	else
+		FIRSTLINE=""
 	fi
 
 	say "$(eval_gettext "Applying: \$FIRSTLINE")"
@@ -831,12 +914,18 @@ did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 	if test $apply_status != 0
 	then
 		eval_gettextln 'Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE'
+		if test "$(git config --bool advice.amworkdir)" != false
+		then
+			eval_gettextln 'The copy of the patch that failed is found in:
+   $dotest/patch'
+		fi
 		stop_here_user_resolve $this
 	fi
 
-	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/pre-applypatch
+	hook="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/pre-applypatch)"
+	if test -x "$hook"
 	then
-		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/pre-applypatch || stop_here $this
+		"$hook" || stop_here $this
 	fi
 
 	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -853,7 +942,8 @@ did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 			GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
 			export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 		fi &&
-		git commit-tree $tree ${parent:+-p} $parent <"$dotest/final-commit"
+		git commit-tree ${parent:+-p} $parent ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} $tree  \
+			<"$dotest/final-commit"
 	) &&
 	git update-ref -m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $FIRSTLINE" HEAD $commit $parent ||
 	stop_here $this
@@ -862,20 +952,24 @@ did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 		echo "$(cat "$dotest/original-commit") $commit" >> "$dotest/rewritten"
 	fi
 
-	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-applypatch
-	then
-		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-applypatch
-	fi
+	hook="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/post-applypatch)"
+	test -x "$hook" && "$hook"
 
 	go_next
 done
 
 if test -s "$dotest"/rewritten; then
     git notes copy --for-rewrite=rebase < "$dotest"/rewritten
-    if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite; then
-	"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase < "$dotest"/rewritten
+    hook="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/post-rewrite)"
+    if test -x "$hook"; then
+	"$hook" rebase < "$dotest"/rewritten
     fi
 fi
 
-rm -fr "$dotest"
-git gc --auto
+# If am was called with --rebasing (from git-rebase--am), it's up to
+# the caller to take care of housekeeping.
+if ! test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
+then
+	rm -fr "$dotest"
+	git gc --auto
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh b/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh
index 1a7689a48f..683cae7c3f 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ cd_to_toplevel
 # branch.  However, if "git checkout HEAD" detaches the HEAD
 # from the current branch, even though that may be logically
 # correct, it feels somewhat funny.  More importantly, we do not
-# want "git checkout" nor "git checkout -f" to detach HEAD.
+# want "git checkout" or "git checkout -f" to detach HEAD.
 
 detached=
 detach_warn=
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ else
 
 	# Match the index to the working tree, and do a three-way.
 	git diff-files --name-only | git update-index --remove --stdin &&
-	work=`git write-tree` &&
+	work=$(git write-tree) &&
 	git read-tree $v --reset -u $new || exit
 
 	eval GITHEAD_$new='${new_name:-${branch:-$new}}' &&
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ else
 	# Do not register the cleanly merged paths in the index yet.
 	# this is not a real merge before committing, but just carrying
 	# the working tree changes along.
-	unmerged=`git ls-files -u`
+	unmerged=$(git ls-files -u)
 	git read-tree $v --reset $new
 	case "$unmerged" in
 	'')	;;
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
 	fi
 	if test -n "$branch"
 	then
-		old_branch_name=`expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		old_branch_name=$(expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)')
 		GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR" git symbolic-ref -m "checkout: moving from ${old_branch_name:-$old} to $branch" HEAD "refs/heads/$branch"
 		if test -n "$quiet"
 		then
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
 		fi
 	elif test -n "$detached"
 	then
-		old_branch_name=`expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		old_branch_name=$(expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)')
 		git update-ref --no-deref -m "checkout: moving from ${old_branch_name:-$old} to $arg" HEAD "$detached" ||
 			die "Cannot detach HEAD"
 		if test -n "$detach_warn"
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh b/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh
index 547228e13c..08cf246bbb 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ eval "$(echo "$OPTIONS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)
 
 get_repo_base() {
 	(
-		cd "`/bin/pwd`" &&
+		cd "$(/bin/pwd)" &&
 		cd "$1" || cd "$1.git" &&
 		{
 			cd .git
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ get_repo_base() {
 }
 
 if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" -o \
-	"`git config --bool http.sslVerify`" = false ]; then
+	"$(git config --bool http.sslVerify)" = false ]; then
     curl_extra_args="-k"
 fi
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ clone_dumb_http () {
 	clone_tmp="$GIT_DIR/clone-tmp" &&
 	mkdir -p "$clone_tmp" || exit 1
 	if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
-		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+		"$(git config --bool http.noEPSV)" = true ]; then
 		curl_extra_args="${curl_extra_args} --disable-epsv"
 	fi
 	http_fetch "$1/info/refs" "$clone_tmp/refs" ||
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Perhaps git-update-server-info needs to be run there?"
 	test "z$quiet" = z && v=-v || v=
 	while read sha1 refname
 	do
-		name=`expr "z$refname" : 'zrefs/\(.*\)'` &&
+		name=$(expr "z$refname" : 'zrefs/\(.*\)') &&
 		case "$name" in
 		*^*)	continue;;
 		esac
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Perhaps git-update-server-info needs to be run there?"
 		*)	continue ;;
 		esac
 		if test -n "$use_separate_remote" &&
-		   branch_name=`expr "z$name" : 'zheads/\(.*\)'`
+		   branch_name=$(expr "z$name" : 'zheads/\(.*\)')
 		then
 			tname="remotes/$origin/$branch_name"
 		else
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Perhaps git-update-server-info needs to be run there?"
 	http_fetch "$1/HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD" ||
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"
 	if test -f "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"; then
-		head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"`
+		head_sha1=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD")
 		case "$head_sha1" in
 		'ref: refs/'*)
 			;;
@@ -444,15 +444,15 @@ then
 	# a non-bare repository is always in separate-remote layout
 	remote_top="refs/remotes/$origin"
 	head_sha1=
-	test ! -r "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD" || head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"`
+	test ! -r "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD" || head_sha1=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD")
 	case "$head_sha1" in
 	'ref: refs/'*)
 		# Uh-oh, the remote told us (http transport done against
 		# new style repository with a symref HEAD).
 		# Ideally we should skip the guesswork but for now
 		# opt for minimum change.
-		head_sha1=`expr "z$head_sha1" : 'zref: refs/heads/\(.*\)'`
-		head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$head_sha1"`
+		head_sha1=$(expr "z$head_sha1" : 'zref: refs/heads/\(.*\)')
+		head_sha1=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$head_sha1")
 		;;
 	esac
 
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ then
 		while read name
 		do
 			test t = $done && continue
-			branch_tip=`cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$name"`
+			branch_tip=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$name")
 			if test "$head_sha1" = "$branch_tip"
 			then
 				echo "$name"
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ then
 
 	case "$no_checkout" in
 	'')
-		test "z$quiet" = z -a "z$no_progress" = z && v=-v || v=
+		test "z$quiet" = z && test "z$no_progress" = z && v=-v || v=
 		git read-tree -m -u $v HEAD HEAD
 	esac
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh b/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
index 23ffb028d1..86c9cfa0c7 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ run_status () {
 		export GIT_INDEX_FILE
 	fi
 
-	if test "$status_only" = "t" -o "$use_status_color" = "t"; then
+	if test "$status_only" = "t" || test "$use_status_color" = "t"; then
 		color=
 	else
 		color=--nocolor
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ signoff=
 force_author=
 only_include_assumed=
 untracked_files=
-templatefile="`git config commit.template`"
+templatefile="$(git config commit.template)"
 while test $# != 0
 do
 	case "$1" in
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ case "$#,$also,$only,$amend" in
 0,,,*)
 	;;
 *,,,*)
-	only_include_assumed="# Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+	only_include_assumed="# Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
 	also=
 	;;
 esac
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ t,,,[1-9]*)
 	die "No paths with -i does not make sense." ;;
 esac
 
-if test ! -z "$templatefile" -a -z "$log_given"
+if test ! -z "$templatefile" && test -z "$log_given"
 then
 	if test ! -f "$templatefile"
 	then
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ t,)
 		TMP_INDEX="$GIT_DIR/tmp-index$$"
 		W=
 		test -z "$initial_commit" && W=--with-tree=HEAD
-		commit_only=`git ls-files --error-unmatch $W -- "$@"` || exit
+		commit_only=$(git ls-files --error-unmatch $W -- "$@") || exit
 
 		# Build a temporary index and update the real index
 		# the same way.
@@ -475,8 +475,8 @@ then
 fi
 if test '' != "$force_author"
 then
-	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=`expr "z$force_author" : 'z\(.*[^ ]\) *<.*'` &&
-	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=`expr "z$force_author" : '.*\(<.*\)'` &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$(expr "z$force_author" : 'z\(.*[^ ]\) *<.*') &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=$(expr "z$force_author" : '.*\(<.*\)') &&
 	test '' != "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" &&
 	test '' != "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" ||
 	die "malformed --author parameter"
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ then
 	rloga='commit'
 	if [ -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
 		rloga='commit (merge)'
-		PARENTS="-p HEAD "`sed -e 's/^/-p /' "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD"`
+		PARENTS="-p HEAD "$(sed -e 's/^/-p /' "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD")
 	elif test -n "$amend"; then
 		rloga='commit (amend)'
 		PARENTS=$(git cat-file commit HEAD |
@@ -574,10 +574,10 @@ then
 	if test "$templatefile" != ""
 	then
 		# Test whether this is just the unaltered template.
-		if cnt=`sed -e '/^#/d' < "$templatefile" |
+		if cnt=$(sed -e '/^#/d' < "$templatefile" |
 			git stripspace |
 			diff "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_BAREMSG - |
-			wc -l` &&
+			wc -l) &&
 		   test 0 -lt $cnt
 		then
 			have_commitmsg=t
@@ -630,8 +630,8 @@ then
 	fi
 	if test -z "$quiet"
 	then
-		commit=`git diff-tree --always --shortstat --pretty="format:%h: %s"\
-		       --abbrev --summary --root HEAD --`
+		commit=$(git diff-tree --always --shortstat --pretty="format:%h: %s"\
+		       --abbrev --summary --root HEAD --)
 		echo "Created${initial_commit:+ initial} commit $commit"
 	fi
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh b/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh
index a314273bd5..57d2e5616f 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ do
 		keep='-k -k'
 		;;
 	--depth=*)
-		shallow_depth="--depth=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`"
+		shallow_depth="--depth=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')"
 		;;
 	--depth)
 		shift
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ esac
 reflist=$(get_remote_refs_for_fetch "$@")
 if test "$tags"
 then
-	taglist=`IFS='	' &&
+	taglist=$(IFS='	' &&
 		  echo "$ls_remote_result" |
 		  git show-ref --exclude-existing=refs/tags/ |
 	          while read sha1 name
 		  do
 			echo ".${name}:${name}"
-		  done` || exit
+		  done) || exit
 	if test "$#" -gt 1
 	then
 		# remote URL plus explicit refspecs; we need to merge them.
@@ -262,12 +262,12 @@ fetch_per_ref () {
       http://* | https://* | ftp://*)
 	  test -n "$shallow_depth" &&
 		die "shallow clone with http not supported"
-	  proto=`expr "$remote" : '\([^:]*\):'`
+	  proto=$(expr "$remote" : '\([^:]*\):')
 	  if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" ]; then
 	      curl_extra_args="-k"
 	  fi
 	  if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
-		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+		"$(git config --bool http.noEPSV)" = true ]; then
 	      noepsv_opt="--disable-epsv"
 	  fi
 
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-log.sh b/contrib/examples/git-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c2ea71cf14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+#
+
+USAGE='[--max-count=<n>] [<since>..<limit>] [--pretty=<format>] [git-rev-list options]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+revs=$(git-rev-parse --revs-only --no-flags --default HEAD "$@") || exit
+[ "$revs" ] || {
+	die "No HEAD ref"
+}
+git-rev-list --pretty $(git-rev-parse --default HEAD "$@") |
+LESS=-S ${PAGER:-less}
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh b/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh
index fec70bbf88..2aa89a7df8 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ tmpdir=$tmp-d
 case "$peek_repo" in
 http://* | https://* | ftp://* )
 	if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" -o \
-		"`git config --bool http.sslVerify`" = false ]; then
+		"$(git config --bool http.sslVerify)" = false ]; then
 		curl_extra_args="-k"
 	fi
 	if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
-		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+		"$(git config --bool http.noEPSV)" = true ]; then
 		curl_extra_args="${curl_extra_args} --disable-epsv"
 	fi
 	curl -nsf $curl_extra_args --header "Pragma: no-cache" "$peek_repo/info/refs" ||
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
index 7b922c3948..ee99f1a4ee 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ merge_name () {
 			return
 		fi
 	fi
-	if test "$remote" = "FETCH_HEAD" -a -r "$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
+	if test "$remote" = "FETCH_HEAD" && test -r "$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
 	then
 		sed -e 's/	not-for-merge	/		/' -e 1q \
 			"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ fi
 
 # This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and the
 # way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD, but some
-# people might have misused the interface and used a committish that
+# people might have misused the interface and used a commit-ish that
 # is the same as HEAD there instead.  Traditional format never would
 # have "-m" so it is an additional safety measure to check for it.
 
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ case "$use_strategies" in
 '')
 	case "$#" in
 	1)
-		var="`git config --get pull.twohead`"
+		var="$(git config --get pull.twohead)"
 		if test -n "$var"
 		then
 			use_strategies="$var"
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ case "$use_strategies" in
 			use_strategies="$default_twohead_strategies"
 		fi ;;
 	*)
-		var="`git config --get pull.octopus`"
+		var="$(git config --get pull.octopus)"
 		if test -n "$var"
 		then
 			use_strategies="$var"
@@ -523,11 +523,11 @@ do
 
 	if test "$exit" -eq 1
 	then
-	    cnt=`{
+	    cnt=$({
 		git diff-files --name-only
 		git ls-files --unmerged
-	    } | wc -l`
-	    if test $best_cnt -le 0 -o $cnt -le $best_cnt
+	    } | wc -l)
+	    if test $best_cnt -le 0 || test $cnt -le $best_cnt
 	    then
 		best_strategy=$strategy
 		best_cnt=$cnt
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-pull.sh b/contrib/examples/git-pull.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6b3a03f9b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-pull.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.
+
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=Yes
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git pull [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
+
+Fetch one or more remote refs and integrate it/them with the current HEAD.
+--
+v,verbose                  be more verbose
+q,quiet                    be more quiet
+progress                   force progress reporting
+
+  Options related to merging
+r,rebase?false|true|preserve incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging
+n!                         do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge
+stat                       show a diffstat at the end of the merge
+summary                    (synonym to --stat)
+log?n                      add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message
+squash                     create a single commit instead of doing a merge
+commit                     perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)
+e,edit                       edit message before committing
+ff                         allow fast-forward
+ff-only!                   abort if fast-forward is not possible
+verify-signatures          verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature
+s,strategy=strategy        merge strategy to use
+X,strategy-option=option   option for selected merge strategy
+S,gpg-sign?key-id          GPG sign commit
+
+  Options related to fetching
+all                        fetch from all remotes
+a,append                   append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting
+upload-pack=path           path to upload pack on remote end
+f,force                    force overwrite of local branch
+t,tags                     fetch all tags and associated objects
+p,prune                    prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote
+recurse-submodules?on-demand control recursive fetching of submodules
+dry-run                    dry run
+k,keep                     keep downloaded pack
+depth=depth                deepen history of shallow clone
+unshallow                  convert to a complete repository
+update-shallow             accept refs that update .git/shallow
+refmap=refmap              specify fetch refmap
+"
+test $# -gt 0 && args="$*"
+. git-sh-setup
+. git-sh-i18n
+set_reflog_action "pull${args+ $args}"
+require_work_tree_exists
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+
+die_conflict () {
+    git diff-index --cached --name-status -r --ignore-submodules HEAD --
+    if [ $(git config --bool --get advice.resolveConflict || echo true) = "true" ]; then
+	die "$(gettext "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.
+Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'
+as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit.")"
+    else
+	die "$(gettext "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.")"
+    fi
+}
+
+die_merge () {
+    if [ $(git config --bool --get advice.resolveConflict || echo true) = "true" ]; then
+	die "$(gettext "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).
+Please, commit your changes before merging.")"
+    else
+	die "$(gettext "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).")"
+    fi
+}
+
+test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" || die_conflict
+test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && die_merge
+
+bool_or_string_config () {
+	git config --bool "$1" 2>/dev/null || git config "$1"
+}
+
+strategy_args= diffstat= no_commit= squash= no_ff= ff_only=
+log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules= verify_signatures=
+merge_args= edit= rebase_args= all= append= upload_pack= force= tags= prune=
+keep= depth= unshallow= update_shallow= refmap=
+curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
+curr_branch_short="${curr_branch#refs/heads/}"
+rebase=$(bool_or_string_config branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
+if test -z "$rebase"
+then
+	rebase=$(bool_or_string_config pull.rebase)
+fi
+
+# Setup default fast-forward options via `pull.ff`
+pull_ff=$(bool_or_string_config pull.ff)
+case "$pull_ff" in
+true)
+	no_ff=--ff
+	;;
+false)
+	no_ff=--no-ff
+	;;
+only)
+	ff_only=--ff-only
+	;;
+esac
+
+
+dry_run=
+while :
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-q|--quiet)
+		verbosity="$verbosity -q" ;;
+	-v|--verbose)
+		verbosity="$verbosity -v" ;;
+	--progress)
+		progress=--progress ;;
+	--no-progress)
+		progress=--no-progress ;;
+	-n|--no-stat|--no-summary)
+		diffstat=--no-stat ;;
+	--stat|--summary)
+		diffstat=--stat ;;
+	--log|--log=*|--no-log)
+		log_arg="$1" ;;
+	--no-commit)
+		no_commit=--no-commit ;;
+	--commit)
+		no_commit=--commit ;;
+	-e|--edit)
+		edit=--edit ;;
+	--no-edit)
+		edit=--no-edit ;;
+	--squash)
+		squash=--squash ;;
+	--no-squash)
+		squash=--no-squash ;;
+	--ff)
+		no_ff=--ff ;;
+	--no-ff)
+		no_ff=--no-ff ;;
+	--ff-only)
+		ff_only=--ff-only ;;
+	-s*|--strategy=*)
+		strategy_args="$strategy_args $1"
+		;;
+	-X*|--strategy-option=*)
+		merge_args="$merge_args $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
+		;;
+	-r*|--rebase=*)
+		rebase="${1#*=}"
+		;;
+	--rebase)
+		rebase=true
+		;;
+	--no-rebase)
+		rebase=false
+		;;
+	--recurse-submodules)
+		recurse_submodules=--recurse-submodules
+		;;
+	--recurse-submodules=*)
+		recurse_submodules="$1"
+		;;
+	--no-recurse-submodules)
+		recurse_submodules=--no-recurse-submodules
+		;;
+	--verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--verify-signatures
+		;;
+	--no-verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--no-verify-signatures
+		;;
+	--gpg-sign|-S)
+		gpg_sign_args=-S
+		;;
+	--gpg-sign=*)
+		gpg_sign_args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "-S${1#--gpg-sign=}")
+		;;
+	-S*)
+		gpg_sign_args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")
+		;;
+	--dry-run)
+		dry_run=--dry-run
+		;;
+	--all|--no-all)
+		all=$1 ;;
+	-a|--append|--no-append)
+		append=$1 ;;
+	--upload-pack=*|--no-upload-pack)
+		upload_pack=$1 ;;
+	-f|--force|--no-force)
+		force="$force $1" ;;
+	-t|--tags|--no-tags)
+		tags=$1 ;;
+	-p|--prune|--no-prune)
+		prune=$1 ;;
+	-k|--keep|--no-keep)
+		keep=$1 ;;
+	--depth=*|--no-depth)
+		depth=$1 ;;
+	--unshallow|--no-unshallow)
+		unshallow=$1 ;;
+	--update-shallow|--no-update-shallow)
+		update_shallow=$1 ;;
+	--refmap=*|--no-refmap)
+		refmap=$1 ;;
+	-h|--help-all)
+		usage
+		;;
+	--)
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+case "$rebase" in
+preserve)
+	rebase=true
+	rebase_args=--preserve-merges
+	;;
+true|false|'')
+	;;
+*)
+	echo "Invalid value for --rebase, should be true, false, or preserve"
+	usage
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
+error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
+	exec >&2
+
+	if test true = "$rebase"
+	then
+		op_type=rebase
+		op_prep=against
+	else
+		op_type=merge
+		op_prep=with
+	fi
+
+	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch_short.merge")
+	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch_short.remote")
+
+	if [ $# -gt 1 ]; then
+		if [ "$rebase" = true ]; then
+			printf "There is no candidate for rebasing against "
+		else
+			printf "There are no candidates for merging "
+		fi
+		echo "among the refs that you just fetched."
+		echo "Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no"
+		echo "matches on the remote end."
+	elif [ $# -gt 0 ] && [ "$1" != "$remote" ]; then
+		echo "You asked to pull from the remote '$1', but did not specify"
+		echo "a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote"
+		echo "for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+	elif [ -z "$curr_branch" -o -z "$upstream" ]; then
+		. git-parse-remote
+		error_on_missing_default_upstream "pull" $op_type $op_prep \
+			"git pull <remote> <branch>"
+	else
+		echo "Your configuration specifies to $op_type $op_prep the ref '${upstream#refs/heads/}'"
+		echo "from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+	fi
+	exit 1
+}
+
+test true = "$rebase" && {
+	if ! git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD >/dev/null
+	then
+		# On an unborn branch
+		if test -f "$(git rev-parse --git-path index)"
+		then
+			die "$(gettext "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index")"
+		fi
+	else
+		require_clean_work_tree "pull with rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
+	fi
+	oldremoteref= &&
+	test -n "$curr_branch" &&
+	. git-parse-remote &&
+	remoteref="$(get_remote_merge_branch "$@" 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	oldremoteref=$(git merge-base --fork-point "$remoteref" $curr_branch 2>/dev/null)
+}
+orig_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
+git fetch $verbosity $progress $dry_run $recurse_submodules $all $append \
+${upload_pack:+"$upload_pack"} $force $tags $prune $keep $depth $unshallow $update_shallow \
+$refmap --update-head-ok "$@" || exit 1
+test -z "$dry_run" || exit 0
+
+curr_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
+if test -n "$orig_head" && test "$curr_head" != "$orig_head"
+then
+	# The fetch involved updating the current branch.
+
+	# The working tree and the index file is still based on the
+	# $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
+	# First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
+
+	eval_gettextln "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.
+Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from
+Warning: commit \$orig_head." >&2
+	git update-index -q --refresh
+	git read-tree -u -m "$orig_head" "$curr_head" ||
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot fast-forward your working tree.
+After making sure that you saved anything precious from
+$ git diff \$orig_head
+output, run
+$ git reset --hard
+to recover.")"
+
+fi
+
+merge_head=$(sed -e '/	not-for-merge	/d' \
+	-e 's/	.*//' "$GIT_DIR"/FETCH_HEAD | \
+	tr '\012' ' ')
+
+case "$merge_head" in
+'')
+	error_on_no_merge_candidates "$@"
+	;;
+?*' '?*)
+	if test -z "$orig_head"
+	then
+		die "$(gettext "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head")"
+	fi
+	if test true = "$rebase"
+	then
+		die "$(gettext "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches")"
+	fi
+	;;
+esac
+
+# Pulling into unborn branch: a shorthand for branching off
+# FETCH_HEAD, for lazy typers.
+if test -z "$orig_head"
+then
+	# Two-way merge: we claim the index is based on an empty tree,
+	# and try to fast-forward to HEAD.  This ensures we will not
+	# lose index/worktree changes that the user already made on
+	# the unborn branch.
+	empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+	git read-tree -m -u $empty_tree $merge_head &&
+	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head"
+	exit
+fi
+
+if test true = "$rebase"
+then
+	o=$(git show-branch --merge-base $curr_branch $merge_head $oldremoteref)
+	if test "$oldremoteref" = "$o"
+	then
+		unset oldremoteref
+	fi
+fi
+
+case "$rebase" in
+true)
+	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args $rebase_args $verbosity"
+	eval="$eval $gpg_sign_args"
+	eval="$eval --onto $merge_head ${oldremoteref:-$merge_head}"
+	;;
+*)
+	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $verify_signatures $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
+	eval="$eval $log_arg $strategy_args $merge_args $verbosity $progress"
+	eval="$eval $gpg_sign_args"
+	eval="$eval FETCH_HEAD"
+	;;
+esac
+eval "exec $eval"
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
index b17952a785..d42df7b418 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ sub rm_remote {
 }
 
 sub add_usage {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
 	exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'show') {
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'prune') {
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -458,13 +458,13 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'add') {
 }
 elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'rm') {
 	if (@ARGV <= 1) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	exit(rm_remote($ARGV[1]));
 }
 else {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote add <name> <url>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote rm <name>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote show <name>\n";
diff --git a/git-repack.sh b/contrib/examples/git-repack.sh
index 624feec26f..672af93443 100755
--- a/git-repack.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-repack.sh
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ F               pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects
 n               do not run git-update-server-info
 q,quiet         be quiet
 l               pass --local to git-pack-objects
+unpack-unreachable=  with -A, do not loosen objects older than this
  Packing constraints
 window=         size of the window used for delta compression
 window-memory=  same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ do
 	-a)	all_into_one=t ;;
 	-A)	all_into_one=t
 		unpack_unreachable=--unpack-unreachable ;;
+	--unpack-unreachable)
+		unpack_unreachable="--unpack-unreachable=$2"; shift ;;
 	-d)	remove_redundant=t ;;
 	-q)	GIT_QUIET=t ;;
 	-f)	no_reuse=--no-reuse-delta ;;
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ do
 	shift
 done
 
-case "`git config --bool repack.usedeltabaseoffset || echo true`" in
+case "$(git config --bool repack.usedeltabaseoffset || echo true)" in
 true)
 	extra="$extra --delta-base-offset" ;;
 esac
@@ -64,8 +67,8 @@ case ",$all_into_one," in
 ,t,)
 	args= existing=
 	if [ -d "$PACKDIR" ]; then
-		for e in `cd "$PACKDIR" && find . -type f -name '*.pack' \
-			| sed -e 's/^\.\///' -e 's/\.pack$//'`
+		for e in $(cd "$PACKDIR" && find . -type f -name '*.pack' \
+			| sed -e 's/^\.\///' -e 's/\.pack$//')
 		do
 			if [ -e "$PACKDIR/$e.keep" ]; then
 				: keep
@@ -73,10 +76,15 @@ case ",$all_into_one," in
 				existing="$existing $e"
 			fi
 		done
-		if test -n "$existing" -a -n "$unpack_unreachable" -a \
-			-n "$remove_redundant"
+		if test -n "$existing" && test -n "$unpack_unreachable" && \
+			test -n "$remove_redundant"
 		then
-			args="$args $unpack_unreachable"
+			# This may have arbitrary user arguments, so we
+			# have to protect it against whitespace splitting
+			# when it gets run as "pack-objects $args" later.
+			# Fortunately, we know it's an approxidate, so we
+			# can just use dots instead.
+			args="$args $(echo "$unpack_unreachable" | tr ' ' .)"
 		fi
 	fi
 	;;
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh b/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh
index bafeb52cd1..cb1bbf3b90 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ case "$1" in --) shift ;; esac
 
 # git reset --mixed tree [--] paths... can be used to
 # load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
-# affecting the working tree nor HEAD.
+# affecting the working tree or HEAD.
 if test $# != 0
 then
 	test "$reset_type" = "--mixed" ||
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ then
 	update=-u
 fi
 
-# Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
+# Soft reset does not touch the index file or the working tree
 # at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
 # the index file to the tree object we are switching to.
 if test "$reset_type" = "--soft"
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh b/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh
index 8f98142f77..70fdc27b72 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ case "$common" in
 		GIT_INDEX_FILE=$G git read-tree -m $c $head $merge \
 			2>/dev/null || continue
 		# Count the paths that are unmerged.
-		cnt=`GIT_INDEX_FILE=$G git ls-files --unmerged | wc -l`
-		if test $best_cnt -le 0 -o $cnt -le $best_cnt
+		cnt=$(GIT_INDEX_FILE=$G git ls-files --unmerged | wc -l)
+		if test $best_cnt -le 0 || test $cnt -le $best_cnt
 		then
 			best=$c
 			best_cnt=$cnt
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh b/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh
index 6bf155cbdb..197838d10b 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh
@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ cherry-pick)
 		q
 	}'
 
-	logmsg=`git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$commit"`
-	set_author_env=`echo "$logmsg" |
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script"`
+	logmsg=$(git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$commit")
+	set_author_env=$(echo "$logmsg" |
+	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script")
 	eval "$set_author_env"
 	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
 	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ cherry-pick)
 esac >.msg
 
 eval GITHEAD_$head=HEAD
-eval GITHEAD_$next='`git show -s \
+eval GITHEAD_$next='$(git show -s \
 	--pretty=oneline --encoding="$encoding" "$commit" |
-	sed -e "s/^[^ ]* //"`'
+	sed -e "s/^[^ ]* //")'
 export GITHEAD_$head GITHEAD_$next
 
 # This three way merge is an interesting one.  We are at
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
index b09ff8f12f..c414f0d9c7 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ our($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_u,$opt_C,$opt_i,$opt_m,$opt_M,$opt_t,$opt_T,
 
 sub usage() {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
+usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-l max_rev] [-R repack_each_revs]
        [-C GIT_repository] [-t tagname] [-T trunkname] [-b branchname]
        [-d|-D] [-i] [-u] [-r] [-I ignorefilename] [-s start_chg]
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt
index 3bb871e42f..3f0a9c33b5 100644
--- a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt
@@ -176,4 +176,4 @@ Documentation by Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>.
 
 GIT
 ---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
+Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh b/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh
index 2c15bc955b..1bd8f3c58d 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ prev=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 if git show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/tags/$name"
 then
     test -n "$force" || die "tag '$name' already exists"
-    prev=`git rev-parse "refs/tags/$name"`
+    prev=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/$name")
 fi
 shift
 git check-ref-format "tags/$name" ||
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh b/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2edbdc6d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE='[-p] [--max-count=<n>] [<since>..<limit>] [--pretty=<format>] [-m] [git-diff-tree options] [git-rev-list options]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+diff_tree_flags=$(git-rev-parse --sq --no-revs --flags "$@") || exit
+case "$0" in
+*whatchanged)
+	count=
+	test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+		diff_tree_flags=$(git config --get whatchanged.difftree)
+	diff_tree_default_flags='-c -M --abbrev' ;;
+*show)
+	count=-n1
+	test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+		diff_tree_flags=$(git config --get show.difftree)
+	diff_tree_default_flags='--cc --always' ;;
+esac
+test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+	diff_tree_flags="$diff_tree_default_flags"
+
+rev_list_args=$(git-rev-parse --sq --default HEAD --revs-only "$@") &&
+diff_tree_args=$(git-rev-parse --sq --no-revs --no-flags "$@") &&
+
+eval "git-rev-list $count $rev_list_args" |
+eval "git-diff-tree --stdin --pretty -r $diff_tree_flags $diff_tree_args" |
+LESS="$LESS -S" ${PAGER:-less}
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
index f9fef6db28..0891b9e366 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 use strict;
 use File::Find;
 
-my $USAGE = 'Usage: git-import branch import-message';
+my $USAGE = 'usage: git-import branch import-message';
 my $branch = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 my $message = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
index 0ca7718d05..f8d803c5e2 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # but is meant to be a simple fast-import example.
 
 if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: git-import branch import-message"
+	echo "usage: git-import branch import-message"
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4 b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4
deleted file mode 100755
index 594980302b..0000000000
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2371 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-#
-# git-p4.py -- A tool for bidirectional operation between a Perforce depot and git.
-#
-# Author: Simon Hausmann <simon@lst.de>
-# Copyright: 2007 Simon Hausmann <simon@lst.de>
-#            2007 Trolltech ASA
-# License: MIT <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>
-#
-
-import optparse, sys, os, marshal, subprocess, shelve
-import tempfile, getopt, os.path, time, platform
-import re
-
-verbose = False
-
-
-def p4_build_cmd(cmd):
-    """Build a suitable p4 command line.
-
-    This consolidates building and returning a p4 command line into one
-    location. It means that hooking into the environment, or other configuration
-    can be done more easily.
-    """
-    real_cmd = ["p4"]
-
-    user = gitConfig("git-p4.user")
-    if len(user) > 0:
-        real_cmd += ["-u",user]
-
-    password = gitConfig("git-p4.password")
-    if len(password) > 0:
-        real_cmd += ["-P", password]
-
-    port = gitConfig("git-p4.port")
-    if len(port) > 0:
-        real_cmd += ["-p", port]
-
-    host = gitConfig("git-p4.host")
-    if len(host) > 0:
-        real_cmd += ["-h", host]
-
-    client = gitConfig("git-p4.client")
-    if len(client) > 0:
-        real_cmd += ["-c", client]
-
-
-    if isinstance(cmd,basestring):
-        real_cmd = ' '.join(real_cmd) + ' ' + cmd
-    else:
-        real_cmd += cmd
-    return real_cmd
-
-def chdir(dir):
-    # P4 uses the PWD environment variable rather than getcwd(). Since we're
-    # not using the shell, we have to set it ourselves.  This path could
-    # be relative, so go there first, then figure out where we ended up.
-    os.chdir(dir)
-    os.environ['PWD'] = os.getcwd()
-
-def die(msg):
-    if verbose:
-        raise Exception(msg)
-    else:
-        sys.stderr.write(msg + "\n")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-def write_pipe(c, stdin):
-    if verbose:
-        sys.stderr.write('Writing pipe: %s\n' % str(c))
-
-    expand = isinstance(c,basestring)
-    p = subprocess.Popen(c, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, shell=expand)
-    pipe = p.stdin
-    val = pipe.write(stdin)
-    pipe.close()
-    if p.wait():
-        die('Command failed: %s' % str(c))
-
-    return val
-
-def p4_write_pipe(c, stdin):
-    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
-    return write_pipe(real_cmd, stdin)
-
-def read_pipe(c, ignore_error=False):
-    if verbose:
-        sys.stderr.write('Reading pipe: %s\n' % str(c))
-
-    expand = isinstance(c,basestring)
-    p = subprocess.Popen(c, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=expand)
-    pipe = p.stdout
-    val = pipe.read()
-    if p.wait() and not ignore_error:
-        die('Command failed: %s' % str(c))
-
-    return val
-
-def p4_read_pipe(c, ignore_error=False):
-    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
-    return read_pipe(real_cmd, ignore_error)
-
-def read_pipe_lines(c):
-    if verbose:
-        sys.stderr.write('Reading pipe: %s\n' % str(c))
-
-    expand = isinstance(c, basestring)
-    p = subprocess.Popen(c, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=expand)
-    pipe = p.stdout
-    val = pipe.readlines()
-    if pipe.close() or p.wait():
-        die('Command failed: %s' % str(c))
-
-    return val
-
-def p4_read_pipe_lines(c):
-    """Specifically invoke p4 on the command supplied. """
-    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
-    return read_pipe_lines(real_cmd)
-
-def system(cmd):
-    expand = isinstance(cmd,basestring)
-    if verbose:
-        sys.stderr.write("executing %s\n" % str(cmd))
-    subprocess.check_call(cmd, shell=expand)
-
-def p4_system(cmd):
-    """Specifically invoke p4 as the system command. """
-    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
-    expand = isinstance(real_cmd, basestring)
-    subprocess.check_call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
-
-def p4_integrate(src, dest):
-    p4_system(["integrate", "-Dt", src, dest])
-
-def p4_sync(path):
-    p4_system(["sync", path])
-
-def p4_add(f):
-    p4_system(["add", f])
-
-def p4_delete(f):
-    p4_system(["delete", f])
-
-def p4_edit(f):
-    p4_system(["edit", f])
-
-def p4_revert(f):
-    p4_system(["revert", f])
-
-def p4_reopen(type, file):
-    p4_system(["reopen", "-t", type, file])
-
-#
-# Canonicalize the p4 type and return a tuple of the
-# base type, plus any modifiers.  See "p4 help filetypes"
-# for a list and explanation.
-#
-def split_p4_type(p4type):
-
-    p4_filetypes_historical = {
-        "ctempobj": "binary+Sw",
-        "ctext": "text+C",
-        "cxtext": "text+Cx",
-        "ktext": "text+k",
-        "kxtext": "text+kx",
-        "ltext": "text+F",
-        "tempobj": "binary+FSw",
-        "ubinary": "binary+F",
-        "uresource": "resource+F",
-        "uxbinary": "binary+Fx",
-        "xbinary": "binary+x",
-        "xltext": "text+Fx",
-        "xtempobj": "binary+Swx",
-        "xtext": "text+x",
-        "xunicode": "unicode+x",
-        "xutf16": "utf16+x",
-    }
-    if p4type in p4_filetypes_historical:
-        p4type = p4_filetypes_historical[p4type]
-    mods = ""
-    s = p4type.split("+")
-    base = s[0]
-    mods = ""
-    if len(s) > 1:
-        mods = s[1]
-    return (base, mods)
-
-
-def setP4ExecBit(file, mode):
-    # Reopens an already open file and changes the execute bit to match
-    # the execute bit setting in the passed in mode.
-
-    p4Type = "+x"
-
-    if not isModeExec(mode):
-        p4Type = getP4OpenedType(file)
-        p4Type = re.sub('^([cku]?)x(.*)', '\\1\\2', p4Type)
-        p4Type = re.sub('(.*?\+.*?)x(.*?)', '\\1\\2', p4Type)
-        if p4Type[-1] == "+":
-            p4Type = p4Type[0:-1]
-
-    p4_reopen(p4Type, file)
-
-def getP4OpenedType(file):
-    # Returns the perforce file type for the given file.
-
-    result = p4_read_pipe(["opened", file])
-    match = re.match(".*\((.+)\)\r?$", result)
-    if match:
-        return match.group(1)
-    else:
-        die("Could not determine file type for %s (result: '%s')" % (file, result))
-
-def diffTreePattern():
-    # This is a simple generator for the diff tree regex pattern. This could be
-    # a class variable if this and parseDiffTreeEntry were a part of a class.
-    pattern = re.compile(':(\d+) (\d+) (\w+) (\w+) ([A-Z])(\d+)?\t(.*?)((\t(.*))|$)')
-    while True:
-        yield pattern
-
-def parseDiffTreeEntry(entry):
-    """Parses a single diff tree entry into its component elements.
-
-    See git-diff-tree(1) manpage for details about the format of the diff
-    output. This method returns a dictionary with the following elements:
-
-    src_mode - The mode of the source file
-    dst_mode - The mode of the destination file
-    src_sha1 - The sha1 for the source file
-    dst_sha1 - The sha1 fr the destination file
-    status - The one letter status of the diff (i.e. 'A', 'M', 'D', etc)
-    status_score - The score for the status (applicable for 'C' and 'R'
-                   statuses). This is None if there is no score.
-    src - The path for the source file.
-    dst - The path for the destination file. This is only present for
-          copy or renames. If it is not present, this is None.
-
-    If the pattern is not matched, None is returned."""
-
-    match = diffTreePattern().next().match(entry)
-    if match:
-        return {
-            'src_mode': match.group(1),
-            'dst_mode': match.group(2),
-            'src_sha1': match.group(3),
-            'dst_sha1': match.group(4),
-            'status': match.group(5),
-            'status_score': match.group(6),
-            'src': match.group(7),
-            'dst': match.group(10)
-        }
-    return None
-
-def isModeExec(mode):
-    # Returns True if the given git mode represents an executable file,
-    # otherwise False.
-    return mode[-3:] == "755"
-
-def isModeExecChanged(src_mode, dst_mode):
-    return isModeExec(src_mode) != isModeExec(dst_mode)
-
-def p4CmdList(cmd, stdin=None, stdin_mode='w+b', cb=None):
-
-    if isinstance(cmd,basestring):
-        cmd = "-G " + cmd
-        expand = True
-    else:
-        cmd = ["-G"] + cmd
-        expand = False
-
-    cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
-    if verbose:
-        sys.stderr.write("Opening pipe: %s\n" % str(cmd))
-
-    # Use a temporary file to avoid deadlocks without
-    # subprocess.communicate(), which would put another copy
-    # of stdout into memory.
-    stdin_file = None
-    if stdin is not None:
-        stdin_file = tempfile.TemporaryFile(prefix='p4-stdin', mode=stdin_mode)
-        if isinstance(stdin,basestring):
-            stdin_file.write(stdin)
-        else:
-            for i in stdin:
-                stdin_file.write(i + '\n')
-        stdin_file.flush()
-        stdin_file.seek(0)
-
-    p4 = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
-                          shell=expand,
-                          stdin=stdin_file,
-                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-
-    result = []
-    try:
-        while True:
-            entry = marshal.load(p4.stdout)
-            if cb is not None:
-                cb(entry)
-            else:
-                result.append(entry)
-    except EOFError:
-        pass
-    exitCode = p4.wait()
-    if exitCode != 0:
-        entry = {}
-        entry["p4ExitCode"] = exitCode
-        result.append(entry)
-
-    return result
-
-def p4Cmd(cmd):
-    list = p4CmdList(cmd)
-    result = {}
-    for entry in list:
-        result.update(entry)
-    return result;
-
-def p4Where(depotPath):
-    if not depotPath.endswith("/"):
-        depotPath += "/"
-    depotPath = depotPath + "..."
-    outputList = p4CmdList(["where", depotPath])
-    output = None
-    for entry in outputList:
-        if "depotFile" in entry:
-            if entry["depotFile"] == depotPath:
-                output = entry
-                break
-        elif "data" in entry:
-            data = entry.get("data")
-            space = data.find(" ")
-            if data[:space] == depotPath:
-                output = entry
-                break
-    if output == None:
-        return ""
-    if output["code"] == "error":
-        return ""
-    clientPath = ""
-    if "path" in output:
-        clientPath = output.get("path")
-    elif "data" in output:
-        data = output.get("data")
-        lastSpace = data.rfind(" ")
-        clientPath = data[lastSpace + 1:]
-
-    if clientPath.endswith("..."):
-        clientPath = clientPath[:-3]
-    return clientPath
-
-def currentGitBranch():
-    return read_pipe("git name-rev HEAD").split(" ")[1].strip()
-
-def isValidGitDir(path):
-    if (os.path.exists(path + "/HEAD")
-        and os.path.exists(path + "/refs") and os.path.exists(path + "/objects")):
-        return True;
-    return False
-
-def parseRevision(ref):
-    return read_pipe("git rev-parse %s" % ref).strip()
-
-def extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(commit):
-    logMessage = ""
-
-    ## fixme: title is first line of commit, not 1st paragraph.
-    foundTitle = False
-    for log in read_pipe_lines("git cat-file commit %s" % commit):
-       if not foundTitle:
-           if len(log) == 1:
-               foundTitle = True
-           continue
-
-       logMessage += log
-    return logMessage
-
-def extractSettingsGitLog(log):
-    values = {}
-    for line in log.split("\n"):
-        line = line.strip()
-        m = re.search (r"^ *\[git-p4: (.*)\]$", line)
-        if not m:
-            continue
-
-        assignments = m.group(1).split (':')
-        for a in assignments:
-            vals = a.split ('=')
-            key = vals[0].strip()
-            val = ('='.join (vals[1:])).strip()
-            if val.endswith ('\"') and val.startswith('"'):
-                val = val[1:-1]
-
-            values[key] = val
-
-    paths = values.get("depot-paths")
-    if not paths:
-        paths = values.get("depot-path")
-    if paths:
-        values['depot-paths'] = paths.split(',')
-    return values
-
-def gitBranchExists(branch):
-    proc = subprocess.Popen(["git", "rev-parse", branch],
-                            stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE);
-    return proc.wait() == 0;
-
-_gitConfig = {}
-def gitConfig(key, args = None): # set args to "--bool", for instance
-    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        argsFilter = ""
-        if args != None:
-            argsFilter = "%s " % args
-        cmd = "git config %s%s" % (argsFilter, key)
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True).strip()
-    return _gitConfig[key]
-
-def gitConfigList(key):
-    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe("git config --get-all %s" % key, ignore_error=True).strip().split(os.linesep)
-    return _gitConfig[key]
-
-def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes = True):
-    branches = {}
-
-    cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
-    if branchesAreInRemotes:
-        cmdline += " --remotes"
-    else:
-        cmdline += " --branches"
-
-    for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
-        line = line.strip()
-
-        ## only import to p4/
-        if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
-            continue
-        branch = line
-
-        # strip off p4
-        branch = re.sub ("^p4/", "", line)
-
-        branches[branch] = parseRevision(line)
-    return branches
-
-def findUpstreamBranchPoint(head = "HEAD"):
-    branches = p4BranchesInGit()
-    # map from depot-path to branch name
-    branchByDepotPath = {}
-    for branch in branches.keys():
-        tip = branches[branch]
-        log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(tip)
-        settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
-        if settings.has_key("depot-paths"):
-            paths = ",".join(settings["depot-paths"])
-            branchByDepotPath[paths] = "remotes/p4/" + branch
-
-    settings = None
-    parent = 0
-    while parent < 65535:
-        commit = head + "~%s" % parent
-        log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(commit)
-        settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
-        if settings.has_key("depot-paths"):
-            paths = ",".join(settings["depot-paths"])
-            if branchByDepotPath.has_key(paths):
-                return [branchByDepotPath[paths], settings]
-
-        parent = parent + 1
-
-    return ["", settings]
-
-def createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(localRefPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/", silent=True):
-    if not silent:
-        print ("Creating/updating branch(es) in %s based on origin branch(es)"
-               % localRefPrefix)
-
-    originPrefix = "origin/p4/"
-
-    for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --remotes"):
-        line = line.strip()
-        if (not line.startswith(originPrefix)) or line.endswith("HEAD"):
-            continue
-
-        headName = line[len(originPrefix):]
-        remoteHead = localRefPrefix + headName
-        originHead = line
-
-        original = extractSettingsGitLog(extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(originHead))
-        if (not original.has_key('depot-paths')
-            or not original.has_key('change')):
-            continue
-
-        update = False
-        if not gitBranchExists(remoteHead):
-            if verbose:
-                print "creating %s" % remoteHead
-            update = True
-        else:
-            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(remoteHead))
-            if settings.has_key('change') > 0:
-                if settings['depot-paths'] == original['depot-paths']:
-                    originP4Change = int(original['change'])
-                    p4Change = int(settings['change'])
-                    if originP4Change > p4Change:
-                        print ("%s (%s) is newer than %s (%s). "
-                               "Updating p4 branch from origin."
-                               % (originHead, originP4Change,
-                                  remoteHead, p4Change))
-                        update = True
-                else:
-                    print ("Ignoring: %s was imported from %s while "
-                           "%s was imported from %s"
-                           % (originHead, ','.join(original['depot-paths']),
-                              remoteHead, ','.join(settings['depot-paths'])))
-
-        if update:
-            system("git update-ref %s %s" % (remoteHead, originHead))
-
-def originP4BranchesExist():
-        return gitBranchExists("origin") or gitBranchExists("origin/p4") or gitBranchExists("origin/p4/master")
-
-def p4ChangesForPaths(depotPaths, changeRange):
-    assert depotPaths
-    cmd = ['changes']
-    for p in depotPaths:
-        cmd += ["%s...%s" % (p, changeRange)]
-    output = p4_read_pipe_lines(cmd)
-
-    changes = {}
-    for line in output:
-        changeNum = int(line.split(" ")[1])
-        changes[changeNum] = True
-
-    changelist = changes.keys()
-    changelist.sort()
-    return changelist
-
-def p4PathStartsWith(path, prefix):
-    # This method tries to remedy a potential mixed-case issue:
-    #
-    # If UserA adds  //depot/DirA/file1
-    # and UserB adds //depot/dira/file2
-    #
-    # we may or may not have a problem. If you have core.ignorecase=true,
-    # we treat DirA and dira as the same directory
-    ignorecase = gitConfig("core.ignorecase", "--bool") == "true"
-    if ignorecase:
-        return path.lower().startswith(prefix.lower())
-    return path.startswith(prefix)
-
-class Command:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
-        self.needsGit = True
-
-class P4UserMap:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.userMapFromPerforceServer = False
-
-    def getUserCacheFilename(self):
-        home = os.environ.get("HOME", os.environ.get("USERPROFILE"))
-        return home + "/.gitp4-usercache.txt"
-
-    def getUserMapFromPerforceServer(self):
-        if self.userMapFromPerforceServer:
-            return
-        self.users = {}
-        self.emails = {}
-
-        for output in p4CmdList("users"):
-            if not output.has_key("User"):
-                continue
-            self.users[output["User"]] = output["FullName"] + " <" + output["Email"] + ">"
-            self.emails[output["Email"]] = output["User"]
-
-
-        s = ''
-        for (key, val) in self.users.items():
-            s += "%s\t%s\n" % (key.expandtabs(1), val.expandtabs(1))
-
-        open(self.getUserCacheFilename(), "wb").write(s)
-        self.userMapFromPerforceServer = True
-
-    def loadUserMapFromCache(self):
-        self.users = {}
-        self.userMapFromPerforceServer = False
-        try:
-            cache = open(self.getUserCacheFilename(), "rb")
-            lines = cache.readlines()
-            cache.close()
-            for line in lines:
-                entry = line.strip().split("\t")
-                self.users[entry[0]] = entry[1]
-        except IOError:
-            self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
-
-class P4Debug(Command):
-    def __init__(self):
-        Command.__init__(self)
-        self.options = [
-            optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true",
-                                 default=False),
-            ]
-        self.description = "A tool to debug the output of p4 -G."
-        self.needsGit = False
-        self.verbose = False
-
-    def run(self, args):
-        j = 0
-        for output in p4CmdList(args):
-            print 'Element: %d' % j
-            j += 1
-            print output
-        return True
-
-class P4RollBack(Command):
-    def __init__(self):
-        Command.__init__(self)
-        self.options = [
-            optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
-            optparse.make_option("--local", dest="rollbackLocalBranches", action="store_true")
-        ]
-        self.description = "A tool to debug the multi-branch import. Don't use :)"
-        self.verbose = False
-        self.rollbackLocalBranches = False
-
-    def run(self, args):
-        if len(args) != 1:
-            return False
-        maxChange = int(args[0])
-
-        if "p4ExitCode" in p4Cmd("changes -m 1"):
-            die("Problems executing p4");
-
-        if self.rollbackLocalBranches:
-            refPrefix = "refs/heads/"
-            lines = read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --branches")
-        else:
-            refPrefix = "refs/remotes/"
-            lines = read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --remotes")
-
-        for line in lines:
-            if self.rollbackLocalBranches or (line.startswith("p4/") and line != "p4/HEAD\n"):
-                line = line.strip()
-                ref = refPrefix + line
-                log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(ref)
-                settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
-
-                depotPaths = settings['depot-paths']
-                change = settings['change']
-
-                changed = False
-
-                if len(p4Cmd("changes -m 1 "  + ' '.join (['%s...@%s' % (p, maxChange)
-                                                           for p in depotPaths]))) == 0:
-                    print "Branch %s did not exist at change %s, deleting." % (ref, maxChange)
-                    system("git update-ref -d %s `git rev-parse %s`" % (ref, ref))
-                    continue
-
-                while change and int(change) > maxChange:
-                    changed = True
-                    if self.verbose:
-                        print "%s is at %s ; rewinding towards %s" % (ref, change, maxChange)
-                    system("git update-ref %s \"%s^\"" % (ref, ref))
-                    log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(ref)
-                    settings =  extractSettingsGitLog(log)
-
-
-                    depotPaths = settings['depot-paths']
-                    change = settings['change']
-
-                if changed:
-                    print "%s rewound to %s" % (ref, change)
-
-        return True
-
-class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
-    def __init__(self):
-        Command.__init__(self)
-        P4UserMap.__init__(self)
-        self.options = [
-                optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
-                optparse.make_option("--origin", dest="origin"),
-                optparse.make_option("-M", dest="detectRenames", action="store_true"),
-                # preserve the user, requires relevant p4 permissions
-                optparse.make_option("--preserve-user", dest="preserveUser", action="store_true"),
-        ]
-        self.description = "Submit changes from git to the perforce depot."
-        self.usage += " [name of git branch to submit into perforce depot]"
-        self.interactive = True
-        self.origin = ""
-        self.detectRenames = False
-        self.verbose = False
-        self.preserveUser = gitConfig("git-p4.preserveUser").lower() == "true"
-        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
-        self.myP4UserId = None
-
-    def check(self):
-        if len(p4CmdList("opened ...")) > 0:
-            die("You have files opened with perforce! Close them before starting the sync.")
-
-    # replaces everything between 'Description:' and the next P4 submit template field with the
-    # commit message
-    def prepareLogMessage(self, template, message):
-        result = ""
-
-        inDescriptionSection = False
-
-        for line in template.split("\n"):
-            if line.startswith("#"):
-                result += line + "\n"
-                continue
-
-            if inDescriptionSection:
-                if line.startswith("Files:") or line.startswith("Jobs:"):
-                    inDescriptionSection = False
-                else:
-                    continue
-            else:
-                if line.startswith("Description:"):
-                    inDescriptionSection = True
-                    line += "\n"
-                    for messageLine in message.split("\n"):
-                        line += "\t" + messageLine + "\n"
-
-            result += line + "\n"
-
-        return result
-
-    def p4UserForCommit(self,id):
-        # Return the tuple (perforce user,git email) for a given git commit id
-        self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
-        gitEmail = read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --format='%%ae' %s" % id)
-        gitEmail = gitEmail.strip()
-        if not self.emails.has_key(gitEmail):
-            return (None,gitEmail)
-        else:
-            return (self.emails[gitEmail],gitEmail)
-
-    def checkValidP4Users(self,commits):
-        # check if any git authors cannot be mapped to p4 users
-        for id in commits:
-            (user,email) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
-            if not user:
-                msg = "Cannot find p4 user for email %s in commit %s." % (email, id)
-                if gitConfig('git-p4.allowMissingP4Users').lower() == "true":
-                    print "%s" % msg
-                else:
-                    die("Error: %s\nSet git-p4.allowMissingP4Users to true to allow this." % msg)
-
-    def lastP4Changelist(self):
-        # Get back the last changelist number submitted in this client spec. This
-        # then gets used to patch up the username in the change. If the same
-        # client spec is being used by multiple processes then this might go
-        # wrong.
-        results = p4CmdList("client -o")        # find the current client
-        client = None
-        for r in results:
-            if r.has_key('Client'):
-                client = r['Client']
-                break
-        if not client:
-            die("could not get client spec")
-        results = p4CmdList(["changes", "-c", client, "-m", "1"])
-        for r in results:
-            if r.has_key('change'):
-                return r['change']
-        die("Could not get changelist number for last submit - cannot patch up user details")
-
-    def modifyChangelistUser(self, changelist, newUser):
-        # fixup the user field of a changelist after it has been submitted.
-        changes = p4CmdList("change -o %s" % changelist)
-        if len(changes) != 1:
-            die("Bad output from p4 change modifying %s to user %s" %
-                (changelist, newUser))
-
-        c = changes[0]
-        if c['User'] == newUser: return   # nothing to do
-        c['User'] = newUser
-        input = marshal.dumps(c)
-
-        result = p4CmdList("change -f -i", stdin=input)
-        for r in result:
-            if r.has_key('code'):
-                if r['code'] == 'error':
-                    die("Could not modify user field of changelist %s to %s:%s" % (changelist, newUser, r['data']))
-            if r.has_key('data'):
-                print("Updated user field for changelist %s to %s" % (changelist, newUser))
-                return
-        die("Could not modify user field of changelist %s to %s" % (changelist, newUser))
-
-    def canChangeChangelists(self):
-        # check to see if we have p4 admin or super-user permissions, either of
-        # which are required to modify changelists.
-        results = p4CmdList("protects %s" % self.depotPath)
-        for r in results:
-            if r.has_key('perm'):
-                if r['perm'] == 'admin':
-                    return 1
-                if r['perm'] == 'super':
-                    return 1
-        return 0
-
-    def p4UserId(self):
-        if self.myP4UserId:
-            return self.myP4UserId
-
-        results = p4CmdList("user -o")
-        for r in results:
-            if r.has_key('User'):
-                self.myP4UserId = r['User']
-                return r['User']
-        die("Could not find your p4 user id")
-
-    def p4UserIsMe(self, p4User):
-        # return True if the given p4 user is actually me
-        me = self.p4UserId()
-        if not p4User or p4User != me:
-            return False
-        else:
-            return True
-
-    def prepareSubmitTemplate(self):
-        # remove lines in the Files section that show changes to files outside the depot path we're committing into
-        template = ""
-        inFilesSection = False
-        for line in p4_read_pipe_lines(['change', '-o']):
-            if line.endswith("\r\n"):
-                line = line[:-2] + "\n"
-            if inFilesSection:
-                if line.startswith("\t"):
-                    # path starts and ends with a tab
-                    path = line[1:]
-                    lastTab = path.rfind("\t")
-                    if lastTab != -1:
-                        path = path[:lastTab]
-                        if not p4PathStartsWith(path, self.depotPath):
-                            continue
-                else:
-                    inFilesSection = False
-            else:
-                if line.startswith("Files:"):
-                    inFilesSection = True
-
-            template += line
-
-        return template
-
-    def edit_template(self, template_file):
-        """Invoke the editor to let the user change the submission
-           message.  Return true if okay to continue with the submit."""
-
-        # if configured to skip the editing part, just submit
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit") == "true":
-            return True
-
-        # look at the modification time, to check later if the user saved
-        # the file
-        mtime = os.stat(template_file).st_mtime
-
-        # invoke the editor
-        if os.environ.has_key("P4EDITOR"):
-            editor = os.environ.get("P4EDITOR")
-        else:
-            editor = read_pipe("git var GIT_EDITOR").strip()
-        system(editor + " " + template_file)
-
-        # If the file was not saved, prompt to see if this patch should
-        # be skipped.  But skip this verification step if configured so.
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck") == "true":
-            return True
-
-        # modification time updated means user saved the file
-        if os.stat(template_file).st_mtime > mtime:
-            return True
-
-        while True:
-            response = raw_input("Submit template unchanged. Submit anyway? [y]es, [n]o (skip this patch) ")
-            if response == 'y':
-                return True
-            if response == 'n':
-                return False
-
-    def applyCommit(self, id):
-        print "Applying %s" % (read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --pretty=oneline %s" % id))
-
-        (p4User, gitEmail) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
-
-        if not self.detectRenames:
-            # If not explicitly set check the config variable
-            self.detectRenames = gitConfig("git-p4.detectRenames")
-
-        if self.detectRenames.lower() == "false" or self.detectRenames == "":
-            diffOpts = ""
-        elif self.detectRenames.lower() == "true":
-            diffOpts = "-M"
-        else:
-            diffOpts = "-M%s" % self.detectRenames
-
-        detectCopies = gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopies")
-        if detectCopies.lower() == "true":
-            diffOpts += " -C"
-        elif detectCopies != "" and detectCopies.lower() != "false":
-            diffOpts += " -C%s" % detectCopies
-
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder", "--bool") == "true":
-            diffOpts += " --find-copies-harder"
-
-        diff = read_pipe_lines("git diff-tree -r %s \"%s^\" \"%s\"" % (diffOpts, id, id))
-        filesToAdd = set()
-        filesToDelete = set()
-        editedFiles = set()
-        filesToChangeExecBit = {}
-        for line in diff:
-            diff = parseDiffTreeEntry(line)
-            modifier = diff['status']
-            path = diff['src']
-            if modifier == "M":
-                p4_edit(path)
-                if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
-                    filesToChangeExecBit[path] = diff['dst_mode']
-                editedFiles.add(path)
-            elif modifier == "A":
-                filesToAdd.add(path)
-                filesToChangeExecBit[path] = diff['dst_mode']
-                if path in filesToDelete:
-                    filesToDelete.remove(path)
-            elif modifier == "D":
-                filesToDelete.add(path)
-                if path in filesToAdd:
-                    filesToAdd.remove(path)
-            elif modifier == "C":
-                src, dest = diff['src'], diff['dst']
-                p4_integrate(src, dest)
-                if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
-                    p4_edit(dest)
-                if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
-                    p4_edit(dest)
-                    filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
-                os.unlink(dest)
-                editedFiles.add(dest)
-            elif modifier == "R":
-                src, dest = diff['src'], diff['dst']
-                p4_integrate(src, dest)
-                if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
-                    p4_edit(dest)
-                if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
-                    p4_edit(dest)
-                    filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
-                os.unlink(dest)
-                editedFiles.add(dest)
-                filesToDelete.add(src)
-            else:
-                die("unknown modifier %s for %s" % (modifier, path))
-
-        diffcmd = "git format-patch -k --stdout \"%s^\"..\"%s\"" % (id, id)
-        patchcmd = diffcmd + " | git apply "
-        tryPatchCmd = patchcmd + "--check -"
-        applyPatchCmd = patchcmd + "--check --apply -"
-
-        if os.system(tryPatchCmd) != 0:
-            print "Unfortunately applying the change failed!"
-            print "What do you want to do?"
-            response = "x"
-            while response != "s" and response != "a" and response != "w":
-                response = raw_input("[s]kip this patch / [a]pply the patch forcibly "
-                                     "and with .rej files / [w]rite the patch to a file (patch.txt) ")
-            if response == "s":
-                print "Skipping! Good luck with the next patches..."
-                for f in editedFiles:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                for f in filesToAdd:
-                    os.remove(f)
-                return
-            elif response == "a":
-                os.system(applyPatchCmd)
-                if len(filesToAdd) > 0:
-                    print "You may also want to call p4 add on the following files:"
-                    print " ".join(filesToAdd)
-                if len(filesToDelete):
-                    print "The following files should be scheduled for deletion with p4 delete:"
-                    print " ".join(filesToDelete)
-                die("Please resolve and submit the conflict manually and "
-                    + "continue afterwards with git-p4 submit --continue")
-            elif response == "w":
-                system(diffcmd + " > patch.txt")
-                print "Patch saved to patch.txt in %s !" % self.clientPath
-                die("Please resolve and submit the conflict manually and "
-                    "continue afterwards with git-p4 submit --continue")
-
-        system(applyPatchCmd)
-
-        for f in filesToAdd:
-            p4_add(f)
-        for f in filesToDelete:
-            p4_revert(f)
-            p4_delete(f)
-
-        # Set/clear executable bits
-        for f in filesToChangeExecBit.keys():
-            mode = filesToChangeExecBit[f]
-            setP4ExecBit(f, mode)
-
-        logMessage = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(id)
-        logMessage = logMessage.strip()
-
-        template = self.prepareSubmitTemplate()
-
-        if self.interactive:
-            submitTemplate = self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage)
-
-            if self.preserveUser:
-               submitTemplate = submitTemplate + ("\n######## Actual user %s, modified after commit\n" % p4User)
-
-            if os.environ.has_key("P4DIFF"):
-                del(os.environ["P4DIFF"])
-            diff = ""
-            for editedFile in editedFiles:
-                diff += p4_read_pipe(['diff', '-du', editedFile])
-
-            newdiff = ""
-            for newFile in filesToAdd:
-                newdiff += "==== new file ====\n"
-                newdiff += "--- /dev/null\n"
-                newdiff += "+++ %s\n" % newFile
-                f = open(newFile, "r")
-                for line in f.readlines():
-                    newdiff += "+" + line
-                f.close()
-
-            if self.checkAuthorship and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
-                submitTemplate += "######## git author %s does not match your p4 account.\n" % gitEmail
-                submitTemplate += "######## Use git-p4 option --preserve-user to modify authorship\n"
-                submitTemplate += "######## Use git-p4 config git-p4.skipUserNameCheck hides this message.\n"
-
-            separatorLine = "######## everything below this line is just the diff #######\n"
-
-            (handle, fileName) = tempfile.mkstemp()
-            tmpFile = os.fdopen(handle, "w+")
-            if self.isWindows:
-                submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-                separatorLine = separatorLine.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-                newdiff = newdiff.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-            tmpFile.write(submitTemplate + separatorLine + diff + newdiff)
-            tmpFile.close()
-
-            if self.edit_template(fileName):
-                # read the edited message and submit
-                tmpFile = open(fileName, "rb")
-                message = tmpFile.read()
-                tmpFile.close()
-                submitTemplate = message[:message.index(separatorLine)]
-                if self.isWindows:
-                    submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\r\n", "\n")
-                p4_write_pipe(['submit', '-i'], submitTemplate)
-
-                if self.preserveUser:
-                    if p4User:
-                        # Get last changelist number. Cannot easily get it from
-                        # the submit command output as the output is
-                        # unmarshalled.
-                        changelist = self.lastP4Changelist()
-                        self.modifyChangelistUser(changelist, p4User)
-            else:
-                # skip this patch
-                print "Submission cancelled, undoing p4 changes."
-                for f in editedFiles:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                for f in filesToAdd:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                    os.remove(f)
-
-            os.remove(fileName)
-        else:
-            fileName = "submit.txt"
-            file = open(fileName, "w+")
-            file.write(self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage))
-            file.close()
-            print ("Perforce submit template written as %s. "
-                   + "Please review/edit and then use p4 submit -i < %s to submit directly!"
-                   % (fileName, fileName))
-
-    def run(self, args):
-        if len(args) == 0:
-            self.master = currentGitBranch()
-            if len(self.master) == 0 or not gitBranchExists("refs/heads/%s" % self.master):
-                die("Detecting current git branch failed!")
-        elif len(args) == 1:
-            self.master = args[0]
-        else:
-            return False
-
-        allowSubmit = gitConfig("git-p4.allowSubmit")
-        if len(allowSubmit) > 0 and not self.master in allowSubmit.split(","):
-            die("%s is not in git-p4.allowSubmit" % self.master)
-
-        [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
-        self.depotPath = settings['depot-paths'][0]
-        if len(self.origin) == 0:
-            self.origin = upstream
-
-        if self.preserveUser:
-            if not self.canChangeChangelists():
-                die("Cannot preserve user names without p4 super-user or admin permissions")
-
-        if self.verbose:
-            print "Origin branch is " + self.origin
-
-        if len(self.depotPath) == 0:
-            print "Internal error: cannot locate perforce depot path from existing branches"
-            sys.exit(128)
-
-        self.clientPath = p4Where(self.depotPath)
-
-        if len(self.clientPath) == 0:
-            print "Error: Cannot locate perforce checkout of %s in client view" % self.depotPath
-            sys.exit(128)
-
-        print "Perforce checkout for depot path %s located at %s" % (self.depotPath, self.clientPath)
-        self.oldWorkingDirectory = os.getcwd()
-
-        # ensure the clientPath exists
-        if not os.path.exists(self.clientPath):
-            os.makedirs(self.clientPath)
-
-        chdir(self.clientPath)
-        print "Synchronizing p4 checkout..."
-        p4_sync("...")
-        self.check()
-
-        commits = []
-        for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-list --no-merges %s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)):
-            commits.append(line.strip())
-        commits.reverse()
-
-        if self.preserveUser or (gitConfig("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck") == "true"):
-            self.checkAuthorship = False
-        else:
-            self.checkAuthorship = True
-
-        if self.preserveUser:
-            self.checkValidP4Users(commits)
-
-        while len(commits) > 0:
-            commit = commits[0]
-            commits = commits[1:]
-            self.applyCommit(commit)
-            if not self.interactive:
-                break
-
-        if len(commits) == 0:
-            print "All changes applied!"
-            chdir(self.oldWorkingDirectory)
-
-            sync = P4Sync()
-            sync.run([])
-
-            rebase = P4Rebase()
-            rebase.rebase()
-
-        return True
-
-class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
-    delete_actions = ( "delete", "move/delete", "purge" )
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        Command.__init__(self)
-        P4UserMap.__init__(self)
-        self.options = [
-                optparse.make_option("--branch", dest="branch"),
-                optparse.make_option("--detect-branches", dest="detectBranches", action="store_true"),
-                optparse.make_option("--changesfile", dest="changesFile"),
-                optparse.make_option("--silent", dest="silent", action="store_true"),
-                optparse.make_option("--detect-labels", dest="detectLabels", action="store_true"),
-                optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
-                optparse.make_option("--import-local", dest="importIntoRemotes", action="store_false",
-                                     help="Import into refs/heads/ , not refs/remotes"),
-                optparse.make_option("--max-changes", dest="maxChanges"),
-                optparse.make_option("--keep-path", dest="keepRepoPath", action='store_true',
-                                     help="Keep entire BRANCH/DIR/SUBDIR prefix during import"),
-                optparse.make_option("--use-client-spec", dest="useClientSpec", action='store_true',
-                                     help="Only sync files that are included in the Perforce Client Spec")
-        ]
-        self.description = """Imports from Perforce into a git repository.\n
-    example:
-    //depot/my/project/ -- to import the current head
-    //depot/my/project/@all -- to import everything
-    //depot/my/project/@1,6 -- to import only from revision 1 to 6
-
-    (a ... is not needed in the path p4 specification, it's added implicitly)"""
-
-        self.usage += " //depot/path[@revRange]"
-        self.silent = False
-        self.createdBranches = set()
-        self.committedChanges = set()
-        self.branch = ""
-        self.detectBranches = False
-        self.detectLabels = False
-        self.changesFile = ""
-        self.syncWithOrigin = True
-        self.verbose = False
-        self.importIntoRemotes = True
-        self.maxChanges = ""
-        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
-        self.keepRepoPath = False
-        self.depotPaths = None
-        self.p4BranchesInGit = []
-        self.cloneExclude = []
-        self.useClientSpec = False
-        self.clientSpecDirs = []
-
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.syncFromOrigin") == "false":
-            self.syncWithOrigin = False
-
-    #
-    # P4 wildcards are not allowed in filenames.  P4 complains
-    # if you simply add them, but you can force it with "-f", in
-    # which case it translates them into %xx encoding internally.
-    # Search for and fix just these four characters.  Do % last so
-    # that fixing it does not inadvertently create new %-escapes.
-    #
-    def wildcard_decode(self, path):
-        # Cannot have * in a filename in windows; untested as to
-        # what p4 would do in such a case.
-        if not self.isWindows:
-            path = path.replace("%2A", "*")
-        path = path.replace("%23", "#") \
-                   .replace("%40", "@") \
-                   .replace("%25", "%")
-        return path
-
-    def extractFilesFromCommit(self, commit):
-        self.cloneExclude = [re.sub(r"\.\.\.$", "", path)
-                             for path in self.cloneExclude]
-        files = []
-        fnum = 0
-        while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
-            path =  commit["depotFile%s" % fnum]
-
-            if [p for p in self.cloneExclude
-                if p4PathStartsWith(path, p)]:
-                found = False
-            else:
-                found = [p for p in self.depotPaths
-                         if p4PathStartsWith(path, p)]
-            if not found:
-                fnum = fnum + 1
-                continue
-
-            file = {}
-            file["path"] = path
-            file["rev"] = commit["rev%s" % fnum]
-            file["action"] = commit["action%s" % fnum]
-            file["type"] = commit["type%s" % fnum]
-            files.append(file)
-            fnum = fnum + 1
-        return files
-
-    def stripRepoPath(self, path, prefixes):
-        if self.useClientSpec:
-
-            # if using the client spec, we use the output directory
-            # specified in the client.  For example, a view
-            #   //depot/foo/branch/... //client/branch/foo/...
-            # will end up putting all foo/branch files into
-            #  branch/foo/
-            for val in self.clientSpecDirs:
-                if path.startswith(val[0]):
-                    # replace the depot path with the client path
-                    path = path.replace(val[0], val[1][1])
-                    # now strip out the client (//client/...)
-                    path = re.sub("^(//[^/]+/)", '', path)
-                    # the rest is all path
-                    return path
-
-        if self.keepRepoPath:
-            prefixes = [re.sub("^(//[^/]+/).*", r'\1', prefixes[0])]
-
-        for p in prefixes:
-            if p4PathStartsWith(path, p):
-                path = path[len(p):]
-
-        return path
-
-    def splitFilesIntoBranches(self, commit):
-        branches = {}
-        fnum = 0
-        while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
-            path =  commit["depotFile%s" % fnum]
-            found = [p for p in self.depotPaths
-                     if p4PathStartsWith(path, p)]
-            if not found:
-                fnum = fnum + 1
-                continue
-
-            file = {}
-            file["path"] = path
-            file["rev"] = commit["rev%s" % fnum]
-            file["action"] = commit["action%s" % fnum]
-            file["type"] = commit["type%s" % fnum]
-            fnum = fnum + 1
-
-            relPath = self.stripRepoPath(path, self.depotPaths)
-
-            for branch in self.knownBranches.keys():
-
-                # add a trailing slash so that a commit into qt/4.2foo doesn't end up in qt/4.2
-                if relPath.startswith(branch + "/"):
-                    if branch not in branches:
-                        branches[branch] = []
-                    branches[branch].append(file)
-                    break
-
-        return branches
-
-    # output one file from the P4 stream
-    # - helper for streamP4Files
-
-    def streamOneP4File(self, file, contents):
-        relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['depotFile'], self.branchPrefixes)
-        relPath = self.wildcard_decode(relPath)
-        if verbose:
-            sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % relPath)
-
-        (type_base, type_mods) = split_p4_type(file["type"])
-
-        git_mode = "100644"
-        if "x" in type_mods:
-            git_mode = "100755"
-        if type_base == "symlink":
-            git_mode = "120000"
-            # p4 print on a symlink contains "target\n"; remove the newline
-            data = ''.join(contents)
-            contents = [data[:-1]]
-
-        if type_base == "utf16":
-            # p4 delivers different text in the python output to -G
-            # than it does when using "print -o", or normal p4 client
-            # operations.  utf16 is converted to ascii or utf8, perhaps.
-            # But ascii text saved as -t utf16 is completely mangled.
-            # Invoke print -o to get the real contents.
-            text = p4_read_pipe(['print', '-q', '-o', '-', file['depotFile']])
-            contents = [ text ]
-
-        if type_base == "apple":
-            # Apple filetype files will be streamed as a concatenation of
-            # its appledouble header and the contents.  This is useless
-            # on both macs and non-macs.  If using "print -q -o xx", it
-            # will create "xx" with the data, and "%xx" with the header.
-            # This is also not very useful.
-            #
-            # Ideally, someday, this script can learn how to generate
-            # appledouble files directly and import those to git, but
-            # non-mac machines can never find a use for apple filetype.
-            print "\nIgnoring apple filetype file %s" % file['depotFile']
-            return
-
-        # Perhaps windows wants unicode, utf16 newlines translated too;
-        # but this is not doing it.
-        if self.isWindows and type_base == "text":
-            mangled = []
-            for data in contents:
-                data = data.replace("\r\n", "\n")
-                mangled.append(data)
-            contents = mangled
-
-        # Note that we do not try to de-mangle keywords on utf16 files,
-        # even though in theory somebody may want that.
-        if type_base in ("text", "unicode", "binary"):
-            if "ko" in type_mods:
-                text = ''.join(contents)
-                text = re.sub(r'\$(Id|Header):[^$]*\$', r'$\1$', text)
-                contents = [ text ]
-            elif "k" in type_mods:
-                text = ''.join(contents)
-                text = re.sub(r'\$(Id|Header|Author|Date|DateTime|Change|File|Revision):[^$]*\$', r'$\1$', text)
-                contents = [ text ]
-
-        self.gitStream.write("M %s inline %s\n" % (git_mode, relPath))
-
-        # total length...
-        length = 0
-        for d in contents:
-            length = length + len(d)
-
-        self.gitStream.write("data %d\n" % length)
-        for d in contents:
-            self.gitStream.write(d)
-        self.gitStream.write("\n")
-
-    def streamOneP4Deletion(self, file):
-        relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['path'], self.branchPrefixes)
-        if verbose:
-            sys.stderr.write("delete %s\n" % relPath)
-        self.gitStream.write("D %s\n" % relPath)
-
-    # handle another chunk of streaming data
-    def streamP4FilesCb(self, marshalled):
-
-        if marshalled.has_key('depotFile') and self.stream_have_file_info:
-            # start of a new file - output the old one first
-            self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
-            self.stream_file = {}
-            self.stream_contents = []
-            self.stream_have_file_info = False
-
-        # pick up the new file information... for the
-        # 'data' field we need to append to our array
-        for k in marshalled.keys():
-            if k == 'data':
-                self.stream_contents.append(marshalled['data'])
-            else:
-                self.stream_file[k] = marshalled[k]
-
-        self.stream_have_file_info = True
-
-    # Stream directly from "p4 files" into "git fast-import"
-    def streamP4Files(self, files):
-        filesForCommit = []
-        filesToRead = []
-        filesToDelete = []
-
-        for f in files:
-            includeFile = True
-            for val in self.clientSpecDirs:
-                if f['path'].startswith(val[0]):
-                    if val[1][0] <= 0:
-                        includeFile = False
-                    break
-
-            if includeFile:
-                filesForCommit.append(f)
-                if f['action'] in self.delete_actions:
-                    filesToDelete.append(f)
-                else:
-                    filesToRead.append(f)
-
-        # deleted files...
-        for f in filesToDelete:
-            self.streamOneP4Deletion(f)
-
-        if len(filesToRead) > 0:
-            self.stream_file = {}
-            self.stream_contents = []
-            self.stream_have_file_info = False
-
-            # curry self argument
-            def streamP4FilesCbSelf(entry):
-                self.streamP4FilesCb(entry)
-
-            fileArgs = ['%s#%s' % (f['path'], f['rev']) for f in filesToRead]
-
-            p4CmdList(["-x", "-", "print"],
-                      stdin=fileArgs,
-                      cb=streamP4FilesCbSelf)
-
-            # do the last chunk
-            if self.stream_file.has_key('depotFile'):
-                self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
-
-    def commit(self, details, files, branch, branchPrefixes, parent = ""):
-        epoch = details["time"]
-        author = details["user"]
-        self.branchPrefixes = branchPrefixes
-
-        if self.verbose:
-            print "commit into %s" % branch
-
-        # start with reading files; if that fails, we should not
-        # create a commit.
-        new_files = []
-        for f in files:
-            if [p for p in branchPrefixes if p4PathStartsWith(f['path'], p)]:
-                new_files.append (f)
-            else:
-                sys.stderr.write("Ignoring file outside of prefix: %s\n" % f['path'])
-
-        self.gitStream.write("commit %s\n" % branch)
-#        gitStream.write("mark :%s\n" % details["change"])
-        self.committedChanges.add(int(details["change"]))
-        committer = ""
-        if author not in self.users:
-            self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
-        if author in self.users:
-            committer = "%s %s %s" % (self.users[author], epoch, self.tz)
-        else:
-            committer = "%s <a@b> %s %s" % (author, epoch, self.tz)
-
-        self.gitStream.write("committer %s\n" % committer)
-
-        self.gitStream.write("data <<EOT\n")
-        self.gitStream.write(details["desc"])
-        self.gitStream.write("\n[git-p4: depot-paths = \"%s\": change = %s"
-                             % (','.join (branchPrefixes), details["change"]))
-        if len(details['options']) > 0:
-            self.gitStream.write(": options = %s" % details['options'])
-        self.gitStream.write("]\nEOT\n\n")
-
-        if len(parent) > 0:
-            if self.verbose:
-                print "parent %s" % parent
-            self.gitStream.write("from %s\n" % parent)
-
-        self.streamP4Files(new_files)
-        self.gitStream.write("\n")
-
-        change = int(details["change"])
-
-        if self.labels.has_key(change):
-            label = self.labels[change]
-            labelDetails = label[0]
-            labelRevisions = label[1]
-            if self.verbose:
-                print "Change %s is labelled %s" % (change, labelDetails)
-
-            files = p4CmdList(["files"] + ["%s...@%s" % (p, change)
-                                                    for p in branchPrefixes])
-
-            if len(files) == len(labelRevisions):
-
-                cleanedFiles = {}
-                for info in files:
-                    if info["action"] in self.delete_actions:
-                        continue
-                    cleanedFiles[info["depotFile"]] = info["rev"]
-
-                if cleanedFiles == labelRevisions:
-                    self.gitStream.write("tag tag_%s\n" % labelDetails["label"])
-                    self.gitStream.write("from %s\n" % branch)
-
-                    owner = labelDetails["Owner"]
-                    tagger = ""
-                    if author in self.users:
-                        tagger = "%s %s %s" % (self.users[owner], epoch, self.tz)
-                    else:
-                        tagger = "%s <a@b> %s %s" % (owner, epoch, self.tz)
-                    self.gitStream.write("tagger %s\n" % tagger)
-                    self.gitStream.write("data <<EOT\n")
-                    self.gitStream.write(labelDetails["Description"])
-                    self.gitStream.write("EOT\n\n")
-
-                else:
-                    if not self.silent:
-                        print ("Tag %s does not match with change %s: files do not match."
-                               % (labelDetails["label"], change))
-
-            else:
-                if not self.silent:
-                    print ("Tag %s does not match with change %s: file count is different."
-                           % (labelDetails["label"], change))
-
-    def getLabels(self):
-        self.labels = {}
-
-        l = p4CmdList("labels %s..." % ' '.join (self.depotPaths))
-        if len(l) > 0 and not self.silent:
-            print "Finding files belonging to labels in %s" % `self.depotPaths`
-
-        for output in l:
-            label = output["label"]
-            revisions = {}
-            newestChange = 0
-            if self.verbose:
-                print "Querying files for label %s" % label
-            for file in p4CmdList(["files"] +
-                                      ["%s...@%s" % (p, label)
-                                          for p in self.depotPaths]):
-                revisions[file["depotFile"]] = file["rev"]
-                change = int(file["change"])
-                if change > newestChange:
-                    newestChange = change
-
-            self.labels[newestChange] = [output, revisions]
-
-        if self.verbose:
-            print "Label changes: %s" % self.labels.keys()
-
-    def guessProjectName(self):
-        for p in self.depotPaths:
-            if p.endswith("/"):
-                p = p[:-1]
-            p = p[p.strip().rfind("/") + 1:]
-            if not p.endswith("/"):
-               p += "/"
-            return p
-
-    def getBranchMapping(self):
-        lostAndFoundBranches = set()
-
-        user = gitConfig("git-p4.branchUser")
-        if len(user) > 0:
-            command = "branches -u %s" % user
-        else:
-            command = "branches"
-
-        for info in p4CmdList(command):
-            details = p4Cmd("branch -o %s" % info["branch"])
-            viewIdx = 0
-            while details.has_key("View%s" % viewIdx):
-                paths = details["View%s" % viewIdx].split(" ")
-                viewIdx = viewIdx + 1
-                # require standard //depot/foo/... //depot/bar/... mapping
-                if len(paths) != 2 or not paths[0].endswith("/...") or not paths[1].endswith("/..."):
-                    continue
-                source = paths[0]
-                destination = paths[1]
-                ## HACK
-                if p4PathStartsWith(source, self.depotPaths[0]) and p4PathStartsWith(destination, self.depotPaths[0]):
-                    source = source[len(self.depotPaths[0]):-4]
-                    destination = destination[len(self.depotPaths[0]):-4]
-
-                    if destination in self.knownBranches:
-                        if not self.silent:
-                            print "p4 branch %s defines a mapping from %s to %s" % (info["branch"], source, destination)
-                            print "but there exists another mapping from %s to %s already!" % (self.knownBranches[destination], destination)
-                        continue
-
-                    self.knownBranches[destination] = source
-
-                    lostAndFoundBranches.discard(destination)
-
-                    if source not in self.knownBranches:
-                        lostAndFoundBranches.add(source)
-
-        # Perforce does not strictly require branches to be defined, so we also
-        # check git config for a branch list.
-        #
-        # Example of branch definition in git config file:
-        # [git-p4]
-        #   branchList=main:branchA
-        #   branchList=main:branchB
-        #   branchList=branchA:branchC
-        configBranches = gitConfigList("git-p4.branchList")
-        for branch in configBranches:
-            if branch:
-                (source, destination) = branch.split(":")
-                self.knownBranches[destination] = source
-
-                lostAndFoundBranches.discard(destination)
-
-                if source not in self.knownBranches:
-                    lostAndFoundBranches.add(source)
-
-
-        for branch in lostAndFoundBranches:
-            self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
-
-    def getBranchMappingFromGitBranches(self):
-        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
-        for branch in branches.keys():
-            if branch == "master":
-                branch = "main"
-            else:
-                branch = branch[len(self.projectName):]
-            self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
-
-    def listExistingP4GitBranches(self):
-        # branches holds mapping from name to commit
-        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
-        self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
-        for branch in branches.keys():
-            self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = branches[branch]
-
-    def updateOptionDict(self, d):
-        option_keys = {}
-        if self.keepRepoPath:
-            option_keys['keepRepoPath'] = 1
-
-        d["options"] = ' '.join(sorted(option_keys.keys()))
-
-    def readOptions(self, d):
-        self.keepRepoPath = (d.has_key('options')
-                             and ('keepRepoPath' in d['options']))
-
-    def gitRefForBranch(self, branch):
-        if branch == "main":
-            return self.refPrefix + "master"
-
-        if len(branch) <= 0:
-            return branch
-
-        return self.refPrefix + self.projectName + branch
-
-    def gitCommitByP4Change(self, ref, change):
-        if self.verbose:
-            print "looking in ref " + ref + " for change %s using bisect..." % change
-
-        earliestCommit = ""
-        latestCommit = parseRevision(ref)
-
-        while True:
-            if self.verbose:
-                print "trying: earliest %s latest %s" % (earliestCommit, latestCommit)
-            next = read_pipe("git rev-list --bisect %s %s" % (latestCommit, earliestCommit)).strip()
-            if len(next) == 0:
-                if self.verbose:
-                    print "argh"
-                return ""
-            log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(next)
-            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
-            currentChange = int(settings['change'])
-            if self.verbose:
-                print "current change %s" % currentChange
-
-            if currentChange == change:
-                if self.verbose:
-                    print "found %s" % next
-                return next
-
-            if currentChange < change:
-                earliestCommit = "^%s" % next
-            else:
-                latestCommit = "%s" % next
-
-        return ""
-
-    def importNewBranch(self, branch, maxChange):
-        # make fast-import flush all changes to disk and update the refs using the checkpoint
-        # command so that we can try to find the branch parent in the git history
-        self.gitStream.write("checkpoint\n\n");
-        self.gitStream.flush();
-        branchPrefix = self.depotPaths[0] + branch + "/"
-        range = "@1,%s" % maxChange
-        #print "prefix" + branchPrefix
-        changes = p4ChangesForPaths([branchPrefix], range)
-        if len(changes) <= 0:
-            return False
-        firstChange = changes[0]
-        #print "first change in branch: %s" % firstChange
-        sourceBranch = self.knownBranches[branch]
-        sourceDepotPath = self.depotPaths[0] + sourceBranch
-        sourceRef = self.gitRefForBranch(sourceBranch)
-        #print "source " + sourceBranch
-
-        branchParentChange = int(p4Cmd("changes -m 1 %s...@1,%s" % (sourceDepotPath, firstChange))["change"])
-        #print "branch parent: %s" % branchParentChange
-        gitParent = self.gitCommitByP4Change(sourceRef, branchParentChange)
-        if len(gitParent) > 0:
-            self.initialParents[self.gitRefForBranch(branch)] = gitParent
-            #print "parent git commit: %s" % gitParent
-
-        self.importChanges(changes)
-        return True
-
-    def importChanges(self, changes):
-        cnt = 1
-        for change in changes:
-            description = p4Cmd("describe %s" % change)
-            self.updateOptionDict(description)
-
-            if not self.silent:
-                sys.stdout.write("\rImporting revision %s (%s%%)" % (change, cnt * 100 / len(changes)))
-                sys.stdout.flush()
-            cnt = cnt + 1
-
-            try:
-                if self.detectBranches:
-                    branches = self.splitFilesIntoBranches(description)
-                    for branch in branches.keys():
-                        ## HACK  --hwn
-                        branchPrefix = self.depotPaths[0] + branch + "/"
-
-                        parent = ""
-
-                        filesForCommit = branches[branch]
-
-                        if self.verbose:
-                            print "branch is %s" % branch
-
-                        self.updatedBranches.add(branch)
-
-                        if branch not in self.createdBranches:
-                            self.createdBranches.add(branch)
-                            parent = self.knownBranches[branch]
-                            if parent == branch:
-                                parent = ""
-                            else:
-                                fullBranch = self.projectName + branch
-                                if fullBranch not in self.p4BranchesInGit:
-                                    if not self.silent:
-                                        print("\n    Importing new branch %s" % fullBranch);
-                                    if self.importNewBranch(branch, change - 1):
-                                        parent = ""
-                                        self.p4BranchesInGit.append(fullBranch)
-                                    if not self.silent:
-                                        print("\n    Resuming with change %s" % change);
-
-                                if self.verbose:
-                                    print "parent determined through known branches: %s" % parent
-
-                        branch = self.gitRefForBranch(branch)
-                        parent = self.gitRefForBranch(parent)
-
-                        if self.verbose:
-                            print "looking for initial parent for %s; current parent is %s" % (branch, parent)
-
-                        if len(parent) == 0 and branch in self.initialParents:
-                            parent = self.initialParents[branch]
-                            del self.initialParents[branch]
-
-                        self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, [branchPrefix], parent)
-                else:
-                    files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(description)
-                    self.commit(description, files, self.branch, self.depotPaths,
-                                self.initialParent)
-                    self.initialParent = ""
-            except IOError:
-                print self.gitError.read()
-                sys.exit(1)
-
-    def importHeadRevision(self, revision):
-        print "Doing initial import of %s from revision %s into %s" % (' '.join(self.depotPaths), revision, self.branch)
-
-        details = {}
-        details["user"] = "git perforce import user"
-        details["desc"] = ("Initial import of %s from the state at revision %s\n"
-                           % (' '.join(self.depotPaths), revision))
-        details["change"] = revision
-        newestRevision = 0
-
-        fileCnt = 0
-        fileArgs = ["%s...%s" % (p,revision) for p in self.depotPaths]
-
-        for info in p4CmdList(["files"] + fileArgs):
-
-            if 'code' in info and info['code'] == 'error':
-                sys.stderr.write("p4 returned an error: %s\n"
-                                 % info['data'])
-                if info['data'].find("must refer to client") >= 0:
-                    sys.stderr.write("This particular p4 error is misleading.\n")
-                    sys.stderr.write("Perhaps the depot path was misspelled.\n");
-                    sys.stderr.write("Depot path:  %s\n" % " ".join(self.depotPaths))
-                sys.exit(1)
-            if 'p4ExitCode' in info:
-                sys.stderr.write("p4 exitcode: %s\n" % info['p4ExitCode'])
-                sys.exit(1)
-
-
-            change = int(info["change"])
-            if change > newestRevision:
-                newestRevision = change
-
-            if info["action"] in self.delete_actions:
-                # don't increase the file cnt, otherwise details["depotFile123"] will have gaps!
-                #fileCnt = fileCnt + 1
-                continue
-
-            for prop in ["depotFile", "rev", "action", "type" ]:
-                details["%s%s" % (prop, fileCnt)] = info[prop]
-
-            fileCnt = fileCnt + 1
-
-        details["change"] = newestRevision
-
-        # Use time from top-most change so that all git-p4 clones of
-        # the same p4 repo have the same commit SHA1s.
-        res = p4CmdList("describe -s %d" % newestRevision)
-        newestTime = None
-        for r in res:
-            if r.has_key('time'):
-                newestTime = int(r['time'])
-        if newestTime is None:
-            die("\"describe -s\" on newest change %d did not give a time")
-        details["time"] = newestTime
-
-        self.updateOptionDict(details)
-        try:
-            self.commit(details, self.extractFilesFromCommit(details), self.branch, self.depotPaths)
-        except IOError:
-            print "IO error with git fast-import. Is your git version recent enough?"
-            print self.gitError.read()
-
-
-    def getClientSpec(self):
-        specList = p4CmdList( "client -o" )
-        temp = {}
-        for entry in specList:
-            for k,v in entry.iteritems():
-                if k.startswith("View"):
-
-                    # p4 has these %%1 to %%9 arguments in specs to
-                    # reorder paths; which we can't handle (yet :)
-                    if re.match('%%\d', v) != None:
-                        print "Sorry, can't handle %%n arguments in client specs"
-                        sys.exit(1)
-
-                    if v.startswith('"'):
-                        start = 1
-                    else:
-                        start = 0
-                    index = v.find("...")
-
-                    # save the "client view"; i.e the RHS of the view
-                    # line that tells the client where to put the
-                    # files for this view.
-                    cv = v[index+3:].strip() # +3 to remove previous '...'
-
-                    # if the client view doesn't end with a
-                    # ... wildcard, then we're going to mess up the
-                    # output directory, so fail gracefully.
-                    if not cv.endswith('...'):
-                        print 'Sorry, client view in "%s" needs to end with wildcard' % (k)
-                        sys.exit(1)
-                    cv=cv[:-3]
-
-                    # now save the view; +index means included, -index
-                    # means it should be filtered out.
-                    v = v[start:index]
-                    if v.startswith("-"):
-                        v = v[1:]
-                        include = -len(v)
-                    else:
-                        include = len(v)
-
-                    temp[v] = (include, cv)
-
-        self.clientSpecDirs = temp.items()
-        self.clientSpecDirs.sort( lambda x, y: abs( y[1][0] ) - abs( x[1][0] ) )
-
-    def run(self, args):
-        self.depotPaths = []
-        self.changeRange = ""
-        self.initialParent = ""
-        self.previousDepotPaths = []
-
-        # map from branch depot path to parent branch
-        self.knownBranches = {}
-        self.initialParents = {}
-        self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
-        if not self.syncWithOrigin:
-            self.hasOrigin = False
-
-        if self.importIntoRemotes:
-            self.refPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/"
-        else:
-            self.refPrefix = "refs/heads/p4/"
-
-        if self.syncWithOrigin and self.hasOrigin:
-            if not self.silent:
-                print "Syncing with origin first by calling git fetch origin"
-            system("git fetch origin")
-
-        if len(self.branch) == 0:
-            self.branch = self.refPrefix + "master"
-            if gitBranchExists("refs/heads/p4") and self.importIntoRemotes:
-                system("git update-ref %s refs/heads/p4" % self.branch)
-                system("git branch -D p4");
-            # create it /after/ importing, when master exists
-            if not gitBranchExists(self.refPrefix + "HEAD") and self.importIntoRemotes and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
-                system("git symbolic-ref %sHEAD %s" % (self.refPrefix, self.branch))
-
-        if self.useClientSpec or gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec") == "true":
-            self.getClientSpec()
-
-        # TODO: should always look at previous commits,
-        # merge with previous imports, if possible.
-        if args == []:
-            if self.hasOrigin:
-                createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(self.refPrefix, self.silent)
-            self.listExistingP4GitBranches()
-
-            if len(self.p4BranchesInGit) > 1:
-                if not self.silent:
-                    print "Importing from/into multiple branches"
-                self.detectBranches = True
-
-            if self.verbose:
-                print "branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
-
-            p4Change = 0
-            for branch in self.p4BranchesInGit:
-                logMsg =  extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(self.refPrefix + branch)
-
-                settings = extractSettingsGitLog(logMsg)
-
-                self.readOptions(settings)
-                if (settings.has_key('depot-paths')
-                    and settings.has_key ('change')):
-                    change = int(settings['change']) + 1
-                    p4Change = max(p4Change, change)
-
-                    depotPaths = sorted(settings['depot-paths'])
-                    if self.previousDepotPaths == []:
-                        self.previousDepotPaths = depotPaths
-                    else:
-                        paths = []
-                        for (prev, cur) in zip(self.previousDepotPaths, depotPaths):
-                            prev_list = prev.split("/")
-                            cur_list = cur.split("/")
-                            for i in range(0, min(len(cur_list), len(prev_list))):
-                                if cur_list[i] <> prev_list[i]:
-                                    i = i - 1
-                                    break
-
-                            paths.append ("/".join(cur_list[:i + 1]))
-
-                        self.previousDepotPaths = paths
-
-            if p4Change > 0:
-                self.depotPaths = sorted(self.previousDepotPaths)
-                self.changeRange = "@%s,#head" % p4Change
-                if not self.detectBranches:
-                    self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
-                if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
-                    print "Performing incremental import into %s git branch" % self.branch
-
-        if not self.branch.startswith("refs/"):
-            self.branch = "refs/heads/" + self.branch
-
-        if len(args) == 0 and self.depotPaths:
-            if not self.silent:
-                print "Depot paths: %s" % ' '.join(self.depotPaths)
-        else:
-            if self.depotPaths and self.depotPaths != args:
-                print ("previous import used depot path %s and now %s was specified. "
-                       "This doesn't work!" % (' '.join (self.depotPaths),
-                                               ' '.join (args)))
-                sys.exit(1)
-
-            self.depotPaths = sorted(args)
-
-        revision = ""
-        self.users = {}
-
-        newPaths = []
-        for p in self.depotPaths:
-            if p.find("@") != -1:
-                atIdx = p.index("@")
-                self.changeRange = p[atIdx:]
-                if self.changeRange == "@all":
-                    self.changeRange = ""
-                elif ',' not in self.changeRange:
-                    revision = self.changeRange
-                    self.changeRange = ""
-                p = p[:atIdx]
-            elif p.find("#") != -1:
-                hashIdx = p.index("#")
-                revision = p[hashIdx:]
-                p = p[:hashIdx]
-            elif self.previousDepotPaths == []:
-                revision = "#head"
-
-            p = re.sub ("\.\.\.$", "", p)
-            if not p.endswith("/"):
-                p += "/"
-
-            newPaths.append(p)
-
-        self.depotPaths = newPaths
-
-
-        self.loadUserMapFromCache()
-        self.labels = {}
-        if self.detectLabels:
-            self.getLabels();
-
-        if self.detectBranches:
-            ## FIXME - what's a P4 projectName ?
-            self.projectName = self.guessProjectName()
-
-            if self.hasOrigin:
-                self.getBranchMappingFromGitBranches()
-            else:
-                self.getBranchMapping()
-            if self.verbose:
-                print "p4-git branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
-                print "initial parents: %s" % self.initialParents
-            for b in self.p4BranchesInGit:
-                if b != "master":
-
-                    ## FIXME
-                    b = b[len(self.projectName):]
-                self.createdBranches.add(b)
-
-        self.tz = "%+03d%02d" % (- time.timezone / 3600, ((- time.timezone % 3600) / 60))
-
-        importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
-                                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
-        self.gitOutput = importProcess.stdout
-        self.gitStream = importProcess.stdin
-        self.gitError = importProcess.stderr
-
-        if revision:
-            self.importHeadRevision(revision)
-        else:
-            changes = []
-
-            if len(self.changesFile) > 0:
-                output = open(self.changesFile).readlines()
-                changeSet = set()
-                for line in output:
-                    changeSet.add(int(line))
-
-                for change in changeSet:
-                    changes.append(change)
-
-                changes.sort()
-            else:
-                # catch "git-p4 sync" with no new branches, in a repo that
-                # does not have any existing git-p4 branches
-                if len(args) == 0 and not self.p4BranchesInGit:
-                    die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.");
-                if self.verbose:
-                    print "Getting p4 changes for %s...%s" % (', '.join(self.depotPaths),
-                                                              self.changeRange)
-                changes = p4ChangesForPaths(self.depotPaths, self.changeRange)
-
-                if len(self.maxChanges) > 0:
-                    changes = changes[:min(int(self.maxChanges), len(changes))]
-
-            if len(changes) == 0:
-                if not self.silent:
-                    print "No changes to import!"
-                return True
-
-            if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
-                print "Import destination: %s" % self.branch
-
-            self.updatedBranches = set()
-
-            self.importChanges(changes)
-
-            if not self.silent:
-                print ""
-                if len(self.updatedBranches) > 0:
-                    sys.stdout.write("Updated branches: ")
-                    for b in self.updatedBranches:
-                        sys.stdout.write("%s " % b)
-                    sys.stdout.write("\n")
-
-        self.gitStream.close()
-        if importProcess.wait() != 0:
-            die("fast-import failed: %s" % self.gitError.read())
-        self.gitOutput.close()
-        self.gitError.close()
-
-        return True
-
-class P4Rebase(Command):
-    def __init__(self):
-        Command.__init__(self)
-        self.options = [ ]
-        self.description = ("Fetches the latest revision from perforce and "
-                            + "rebases the current work (branch) against it")
-        self.verbose = False
-
-    def run(self, args):
-        sync = P4Sync()
-        sync.run([])
-
-        return self.rebase()
-
-    def rebase(self):
-        if os.system("git update-index --refresh") != 0:
-            die("Some files in your working directory are modified and different than what is in your index. You can use git update-index <filename> to bring the index up-to-date or stash away all your changes with git stash.");
-        if len(read_pipe("git diff-index HEAD --")) > 0:
-            die("You have uncommited changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
-
-        [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
-        if len(upstream) == 0:
-            die("Cannot find upstream branchpoint for rebase")
-
-        # the branchpoint may be p4/foo~3, so strip off the parent
-        upstream = re.sub("~[0-9]+$", "", upstream)
-
-        print "Rebasing the current branch onto %s" % upstream
-        oldHead = read_pipe("git rev-parse HEAD").strip()
-        system("git rebase %s" % upstream)
-        system("git diff-tree --stat --summary -M %s HEAD" % oldHead)
-        return True
-
-class P4Clone(P4Sync):
-    def __init__(self):
-        P4Sync.__init__(self)
-        self.description = "Creates a new git repository and imports from Perforce into it"
-        self.usage = "usage: %prog [options] //depot/path[@revRange]"
-        self.options += [
-            optparse.make_option("--destination", dest="cloneDestination",
-                                 action='store', default=None,
-                                 help="where to leave result of the clone"),
-            optparse.make_option("-/", dest="cloneExclude",
-                                 action="append", type="string",
-                                 help="exclude depot path"),
-            optparse.make_option("--bare", dest="cloneBare",
-                                 action="store_true", default=False),
-        ]
-        self.cloneDestination = None
-        self.needsGit = False
-        self.cloneBare = False
-
-    # This is required for the "append" cloneExclude action
-    def ensure_value(self, attr, value):
-        if not hasattr(self, attr) or getattr(self, attr) is None:
-            setattr(self, attr, value)
-        return getattr(self, attr)
-
-    def defaultDestination(self, args):
-        ## TODO: use common prefix of args?
-        depotPath = args[0]
-        depotDir = re.sub("(@[^@]*)$", "", depotPath)
-        depotDir = re.sub("(#[^#]*)$", "", depotDir)
-        depotDir = re.sub(r"\.\.\.$", "", depotDir)
-        depotDir = re.sub(r"/$", "", depotDir)
-        return os.path.split(depotDir)[1]
-
-    def run(self, args):
-        if len(args) < 1:
-            return False
-
-        if self.keepRepoPath and not self.cloneDestination:
-            sys.stderr.write("Must specify destination for --keep-path\n")
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-        depotPaths = args
-
-        if not self.cloneDestination and len(depotPaths) > 1:
-            self.cloneDestination = depotPaths[-1]
-            depotPaths = depotPaths[:-1]
-
-        self.cloneExclude = ["/"+p for p in self.cloneExclude]
-        for p in depotPaths:
-            if not p.startswith("//"):
-                return False
-
-        if not self.cloneDestination:
-            self.cloneDestination = self.defaultDestination(args)
-
-        print "Importing from %s into %s" % (', '.join(depotPaths), self.cloneDestination)
-
-        if not os.path.exists(self.cloneDestination):
-            os.makedirs(self.cloneDestination)
-        chdir(self.cloneDestination)
-
-        init_cmd = [ "git", "init" ]
-        if self.cloneBare:
-            init_cmd.append("--bare")
-        subprocess.check_call(init_cmd)
-
-        if not P4Sync.run(self, depotPaths):
-            return False
-        if self.branch != "master":
-            if self.importIntoRemotes:
-                masterbranch = "refs/remotes/p4/master"
-            else:
-                masterbranch = "refs/heads/p4/master"
-            if gitBranchExists(masterbranch):
-                system("git branch master %s" % masterbranch)
-                if not self.cloneBare:
-                    system("git checkout -f")
-            else:
-                print "Could not detect main branch. No checkout/master branch created."
-
-        return True
-
-class P4Branches(Command):
-    def __init__(self):
-        Command.__init__(self)
-        self.options = [ ]
-        self.description = ("Shows the git branches that hold imports and their "
-                            + "corresponding perforce depot paths")
-        self.verbose = False
-
-    def run(self, args):
-        if originP4BranchesExist():
-            createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin()
-
-        cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
-        cmdline += " --remotes"
-
-        for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
-            line = line.strip()
-
-            if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
-                continue
-            branch = line
-
-            log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit("refs/remotes/%s" % branch)
-            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
-
-            print "%s <= %s (%s)" % (branch, ",".join(settings["depot-paths"]), settings["change"])
-        return True
-
-class HelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
-    def __init__(self):
-        optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter.__init__(self)
-
-    def format_description(self, description):
-        if description:
-            return description + "\n"
-        else:
-            return ""
-
-def printUsage(commands):
-    print "usage: %s <command> [options]" % sys.argv[0]
-    print ""
-    print "valid commands: %s" % ", ".join(commands)
-    print ""
-    print "Try %s <command> --help for command specific help." % sys.argv[0]
-    print ""
-
-commands = {
-    "debug" : P4Debug,
-    "submit" : P4Submit,
-    "commit" : P4Submit,
-    "sync" : P4Sync,
-    "rebase" : P4Rebase,
-    "clone" : P4Clone,
-    "rollback" : P4RollBack,
-    "branches" : P4Branches
-}
-
-
-def main():
-    if len(sys.argv[1:]) == 0:
-        printUsage(commands.keys())
-        sys.exit(2)
-
-    cmd = ""
-    cmdName = sys.argv[1]
-    try:
-        klass = commands[cmdName]
-        cmd = klass()
-    except KeyError:
-        print "unknown command %s" % cmdName
-        print ""
-        printUsage(commands.keys())
-        sys.exit(2)
-
-    options = cmd.options
-    cmd.gitdir = os.environ.get("GIT_DIR", None)
-
-    args = sys.argv[2:]
-
-    if len(options) > 0:
-        options.append(optparse.make_option("--git-dir", dest="gitdir"))
-
-        parser = optparse.OptionParser(cmd.usage.replace("%prog", "%prog " + cmdName),
-                                       options,
-                                       description = cmd.description,
-                                       formatter = HelpFormatter())
-
-        (cmd, args) = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[2:], cmd);
-    global verbose
-    verbose = cmd.verbose
-    if cmd.needsGit:
-        if cmd.gitdir == None:
-            cmd.gitdir = os.path.abspath(".git")
-            if not isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir):
-                cmd.gitdir = read_pipe("git rev-parse --git-dir").strip()
-                if os.path.exists(cmd.gitdir):
-                    cdup = read_pipe("git rev-parse --show-cdup").strip()
-                    if len(cdup) > 0:
-                        chdir(cdup);
-
-        if not isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir):
-            if isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir + "/.git"):
-                cmd.gitdir += "/.git"
-            else:
-                die("fatal: cannot locate git repository at %s" % cmd.gitdir)
-
-        os.environ["GIT_DIR"] = cmd.gitdir
-
-    if not cmd.run(args):
-        parser.print_help()
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.README b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cec5ecfa7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.README
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+The git-p4 script moved to the top-level of the git source directory.
+
+Invoke it as any other git command, like "git p4 clone", for instance.
+
+Note that the top-level git-p4.py script is now the source.  It is
+built using make to git-p4, which will be installed.
+
+Windows users can copy the git-p4.py source script directly, possibly
+invoking it through a batch file called "git-p4.bat" in the same folder.
+It should contain just one line:
+
+    @python "%~d0%~p0git-p4.py" %*
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f97e884f5..0000000000
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-@python "%~d0%~p0git-p4" %*
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.txt b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5044a121e0..0000000000
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,302 +0,0 @@
-git-p4 - Perforce <-> Git converter using git-fast-import
-
-Usage
-=====
-
-git-p4 can be used in two different ways:
-
-1) To import changes from Perforce to a Git repository, using "git-p4 sync".
-
-2) To submit changes from Git back to Perforce, using "git-p4 submit".
-
-Importing
-=========
-
-Simply start with
-
-  git-p4 clone //depot/path/project
-
-or
-
-  git-p4 clone //depot/path/project myproject
-
-This will:
-
-1) Create an empty git repository in a subdirectory called "project" (or
-"myproject" with the second command)
-
-2) Import the head revision from the given Perforce path into a git branch
-called "p4" (remotes/p4 actually)
-
-3) Create a master branch based on it and check it out.
-
-If you want the entire history (not just the head revision) then you can simply
-append a "@all" to the depot path:
-
-  git-p4 clone //depot/project/main@all myproject
-
-
-
-If you want more control you can also use the git-p4 sync command directly:
-
-  mkdir repo-git
-  cd repo-git
-  git init
-  git-p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot
-
-This will import the current head revision of the specified depot path into a
-"remotes/p4/master" branch of your git repository. You can use the
---branch=mybranch option to import into a different branch.
-
-If you want to import the entire history of a given depot path simply use:
-
-  git-p4 sync //path/in/depot@all
-
-
-Note:
-
-To achieve optimal compression you may want to run 'git repack -a -d -f' after
-a big import. This may take a while.
-
-Incremental Imports
-===================
-
-After an initial import you can continue to synchronize your git repository
-with newer changes from the Perforce depot by just calling
-
-  git-p4 sync
-
-in your git repository. By default the "remotes/p4/master" branch is updated.
-
-Advanced Setup
-==============
-
-Suppose you have a periodically updated git repository somewhere, containing a
-complete import of a Perforce project. This repository can be cloned and used
-with git-p4. When updating the cloned repository with the "sync" command,
-git-p4 will try to fetch changes from the original repository first. The git
-protocol used with this is usually faster than importing from Perforce
-directly.
-
-This behaviour can be disabled by setting the "git-p4.syncFromOrigin" git
-configuration variable to "false".
-
-Updating
-========
-
-A common working pattern is to fetch the latest changes from the Perforce depot
-and merge them with local uncommitted changes. The recommended way is to use
-git's rebase mechanism to preserve linear history. git-p4 provides a convenient
-
-  git-p4 rebase
-
-command that calls git-p4 sync followed by git rebase to rebase the current
-working branch.
-
-Submitting
-==========
-
-git-p4 has support for submitting changes from a git repository back to the
-Perforce depot. This requires a Perforce checkout separate from your git
-repository. To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in
-the "p4" branch (or "origin" if "p4" doesn't exist) simply call
-
-    git-p4 submit
-
-in your git repository. If you want to submit changes in a specific branch that
-is not your current git branch you can also pass that as an argument:
-
-    git-p4 submit mytopicbranch
-
-You can override the reference branch with the --origin=mysourcebranch option.
-
-The Perforce changelists will be created with the user who ran git-p4. If you
-use --preserve-user then git-p4 will attempt to create Perforce changelists
-with the Perforce user corresponding to the git commit author. You need to
-have sufficient permissions within Perforce, and the git users need to have
-Perforce accounts. Permissions can be granted using 'p4 protect'.
-
-If a submit fails you may have to "p4 resolve" and submit manually. You can
-continue importing the remaining changes with
-
-  git-p4 submit --continue
-
-Example
-=======
-
-# Clone a repository
-  git-p4 clone //depot/path/project
-# Enter the newly cloned directory
-  cd project
-# Do some work...
-  vi foo.h
-# ... and commit locally to gi
-  git commit foo.h
-# In the meantime somebody submitted changes to the Perforce depot. Rebase your latest
-# changes against the latest changes in Perforce:
-  git-p4 rebase
-# Submit your locally committed changes back to Perforce
-  git-p4 submit
-# ... and synchronize with Perforce
-  git-p4 rebase
-
-
-Configuration parameters
-========================
-
-git-p4.user ($P4USER)
-
-Allows you to specify the username to use to connect to the Perforce repository.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.user public
-
-git-p4.password ($P4PASS)
-
-Allows you to specify the password to use to connect to the Perforce repository.
-Warning this password will be visible on the command-line invocation of the p4 binary.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.password public1234
-
-git-p4.port ($P4PORT)
-
-Specify the port to be used to contact the Perforce server. As this will be passed
-directly to the p4 binary, it may be in the format host:port as well.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.port codes.zimbra.com:2666
-
-git-p4.host ($P4HOST)
-
-Specify the host to contact for a Perforce repository.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.host perforce.example.com
-
-git-p4.client ($P4CLIENT)
-
-Specify the client name to use
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.client public-view
-
-git-p4.allowSubmit
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.allowSubmit false
-
-git-p4.syncFromOrigin
-
-A useful setup may be that you have a periodically updated git repository
-somewhere that contains a complete import of a Perforce project. That git
-repository can be used to clone the working repository from and one would
-import from Perforce directly after cloning using git-p4. If the connection to
-the Perforce server is slow and the working repository hasn't been synced for a
-while it may be desirable to fetch changes from the origin git repository using
-the efficient git protocol. git-p4 supports this setup by calling "git fetch origin"
-by default if there is an origin branch. You can disable this using:
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.syncFromOrigin false
-
-git-p4.useclientspec
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.useclientspec false
-
-The P4CLIENT environment variable should be correctly set for p4 to be
-able to find the relevant client.  This client spec will be used to
-both filter the files cloned by git and set the directory layout as
-specified in the client (this implies --keep-path style semantics).
-
-git-p4.skipSubmitEdit
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.skipSubmitEdit false
-
-Normally, git-p4 invokes an editor after each commit is applied so
-that you can make changes to the submit message.  Setting this
-variable to true will skip the editing step, submitting the change as is.
-
-git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck false
-
-After the editor is invoked, git-p4 normally makes sure you saved the
-change description, as an indication that you did indeed read it over
-and edit it.  You can quit without saving to abort the submit (or skip
-this change and continue).  Setting this variable to true will cause
-git-p4 not to check if you saved the change description.  This variable
-only matters if git-p4.skipSubmitEdit has not been set to true.
-
-git-p4.preserveUser
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.preserveUser false
-
-If true, attempt to preserve user names by modifying the p4 changelists. See
-the "--preserve-user" submit option.
-
-git-p4.allowMissingPerforceUsers
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.allowMissingP4Users false
-
-If git-p4 is setting the perforce user for a commit (--preserve-user) then
-if there is no perforce user corresponding to the git author, git-p4 will
-stop. With allowMissingPerforceUsers set to true, git-p4 will use the
-current user (i.e. the behavior without --preserve-user) and carry on with
-the perforce commit.
-
-git-p4.skipUserNameCheck
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.skipUserNameCheck false
-
-When submitting, git-p4 checks that the git commits are authored by the current
-p4 user, and warns if they are not. This disables the check.
-
-git-p4.detectRenames
-
-Detect renames when submitting changes to Perforce server. Will enable -M git
-argument. Can be optionally set to a number representing the threshold
-percentage value of the rename detection.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.detectRenames true
-  git config [--global] git-p4.detectRenames 50
-
-git-p4.detectCopies
-
-Detect copies when submitting changes to Perforce server. Will enable -C git
-argument. Can be optionally set to a number representing the threshold
-percentage value of the copy detection.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.detectCopies true
-  git config [--global] git-p4.detectCopies 80
-
-git-p4.detectCopiesHarder
-
-Detect copies even between files that did not change when submitting changes to
-Perforce server. Will enable --find-copies-harder git argument.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.detectCopies true
-
-git-p4.branchUser
-
-Only use branch specifications defined by the selected username.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.branchUser username
-
-git-p4.branchList
-
-List of branches to be imported when branch detection is enabled.
-
-  git config [--global] git-p4.branchList main:branchA
-  git config [--global] --add git-p4.branchList main:branchB
-
-Implementation Details...
-=========================
-
-* Changesets from Perforce are imported using git fast-import.
-* The import does not require anything from the Perforce client view as it just uses
-  "p4 print //depot/path/file#revision" to get the actual file contents.
-* Every imported changeset has a special [git-p4...] line at the
-  end of the log message that gives information about the corresponding
-  Perforce change number and is also used by git-p4 itself to find out
-  where to continue importing when doing incremental imports.
-  Basically when syncing it extracts the perforce change number of the
-  latest commit in the "p4" branch and uses "p4 changes //depot/path/...@changenum,#head"
-  to find out which changes need to be imported.
-* git-p4 submit uses "git rev-list" to pick the commits between the "p4" branch
-  and the current branch.
-  The commits themselves are applied using git diff/format-patch ... | git apply
-
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl b/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl
index 7f3afa5ac4..4dec1f18e4 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ was available previously is not included in this revision, it will
 be removed.
 
 If an on-disk revision is incomplete, you can point to files from
-a previous revision. There are no restriction as to where the source
-files are located, nor to the names of them.
+a previous revision. There are no restrictions on where the source
+files are located, nor on their names.
 
  [3.files]
  ; the key is the path inside the repository, the value is the path
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
index 82f5ed3ddc..d12c296223 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
@@ -9,13 +9,18 @@
 ##  git log --stat import-zips
 
 from os import popen, path
-from sys import argv, exit
+from sys import argv, exit, hexversion, stderr
 from time import mktime
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
+if hexversion < 0x01060000:
+    # The limiter is the zipfile module
+    stderr.write("import-zips.py: requires Python 1.6.0 or later.\n")
+    exit(1)
+
 if len(argv) < 2:
-	print 'Usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
-	exit(1)
+    print 'usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
+    exit(1)
 
 branch_ref = 'refs/heads/import-zips'
 committer_name = 'Z Ip Creator'
@@ -23,51 +28,51 @@ committer_email = 'zip@example.com'
 
 fast_import = popen('git fast-import --quiet', 'w')
 def printlines(list):
-	for str in list:
-		fast_import.write(str + "\n")
+    for str in list:
+        fast_import.write(str + "\n")
 
 for zipfile in argv[1:]:
-	commit_time = 0
-	next_mark = 1
-	common_prefix = None
-	mark = dict()
-
-	zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
-	for name in zip.namelist():
-		if name.endswith('/'):
-			continue
-		info = zip.getinfo(name)
-
-		if commit_time < info.date_time:
-			commit_time = info.date_time
-		if common_prefix == None:
-			common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
-		else:
-			while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
-				last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
-				common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
-
-		mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
-		next_mark += 1
-
-		printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
-					'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
-		fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
-
-	committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
-		mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
-
-	printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
-		'', 'deleteall'))
-
-	for name in mark.keys():
-		fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
-			name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
-
-	printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
-		'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
+    commit_time = 0
+    next_mark = 1
+    common_prefix = None
+    mark = dict()
+
+    zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
+    for name in zip.namelist():
+        if name.endswith('/'):
+            continue
+        info = zip.getinfo(name)
+
+        if commit_time < info.date_time:
+            commit_time = info.date_time
+        if common_prefix == None:
+            common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
+        else:
+            while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
+                last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
+                common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
+
+        mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
+        next_mark += 1
+
+        printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
+                    'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
+        fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
+
+    committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
+        mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
+
+    printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
+        '', 'deleteall'))
+
+    for name in mark.keys():
+        fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
+            name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
+
+    printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
+        'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
 
 if fast_import.close():
-	exit(1)
+    exit(1)
diff --git a/contrib/git-jump/git-jump b/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
index a33674e47a..dc90cd6379 100755
--- a/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
+++ b/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ open_editor() {
 }
 
 mode_diff() {
-	git diff --relative "$@" |
+	git diff --no-prefix --relative "$@" |
 	perl -ne '
-	if (m{^\+\+\+ b/(.*)}) { $file = $1; next }
+	if (m{^\+\+\+ (.*)}) { $file = $1; next }
 	defined($file) or next;
 	if (m/^@@ .*\+(\d+)/) { $line = $1; next }
 	defined($line) or next;
diff --git a/contrib/git-resurrect.sh b/contrib/git-resurrect.sh
index a4ed4c3c62..d7e97bbc76 100755
--- a/contrib/git-resurrect.sh
+++ b/contrib/git-resurrect.sh
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ is rather slow but allows you to resurrect other people's topic
 branches."
 
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git resurrect $USAGE
 --
diff --git a/contrib/gitview/gitview b/contrib/gitview/gitview
index 4c99dfb903..4e23c650fe 100755
--- a/contrib/gitview/gitview
+++ b/contrib/gitview/gitview
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ class GitView(object):
 
 		#The first parent always continue on the same line
 		try:
-			# check we alreay have the value
+			# check we already have the value
 			tmp_node_pos = self.nodepos[commit.parent_sha1[0]]
 		except KeyError:
 			self.colours[commit.parent_sha1[0]] = colour
diff --git a/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt b/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt
index 9e12f97842..7b5f9002b9 100644
--- a/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt
+++ b/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 <args>::
 
-	All the valid option for gitlink:git-rev-list[1].
+	All the valid option for linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
 
 Key Bindings
 ------------
diff --git a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
index 046cb2b268..60dec86d37 100755
--- a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
+++ b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ import os, os.path, sys
 import tempfile, pickle, getopt
 import re
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02030000:
+   # The behavior of the pickle module changed significantly in 2.3
+   sys.stderr.write("hg-to-git.py: requires Python 2.3 or later.\n")
+   sys.exit(1)
+
 # Maps hg version -> git version
 hgvers = {}
 # List of children for each hg revision
@@ -220,7 +225,7 @@ for cset in range(int(tip) + 1):
     os.system('git ls-files -x .hg --deleted | git update-index --remove --stdin')
 
     # commit
-    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty -a -F %s' % filecomment)
+    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message -a -F %s' % filecomment)
     os.unlink(filecomment)
 
     # tag
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/CHANGES b/contrib/hooks/multimail/CHANGES
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..100cc7a6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/CHANGES
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+Release 1.3.1 (bugfix-only release)
+===================================
+
+* Generate links to commits in combined emails (it was done only for
+  commit emails in 1.3.0).
+
+* Fix broken links on PyPi.
+
+Release 1.3.0
+=============
+
+* New options multimailhook.htmlInIntro and multimailhook.htmlInFooter
+  now allow using HTML in the introduction and footer of emails (e.g.
+  for a more pleasant formatting or to insert a link to the commit on
+  a web interface).
+
+* A new option multimailhook.commitBrowseURL gives a simpler (and less
+  flexible) way to add a link to a web interface for commit emails
+  than multimailhook.htmlInIntro and multimailhook.htmlInFooter.
+
+* A new public function config.add_config_parameters was added to
+  allow custom hooks to set specific Git configuration variables
+  without modifying the configuration files. See an example in
+  post-receive.example.
+
+* Error handling for SMTP has been improved (we used to print Python
+  backtraces for legitimate errors).
+
+* The SMTP mailer can now check TLS certificates when the newly added
+  configuration variable multimailhook.smtpCACerts.
+
+* Python 3 portability has been improved.
+
+* The documentation's formatting has been improved.
+
+* The testsuite has been improved (we now use pyflakes to check for
+  errors in the code).
+
+This version has been tested with Python 2.4 and 2.6 to 3.5, and Git
+v1.7.10-406-gdc801e7, 2.1.4 and 2.8.1.339.g3ad15fd.
+
+No change since 1.3 RC1.
+
+Release 1.2.0
+=============
+
+* It is now possible to exclude some refs (e.g. exclude some branches
+  or tags). See refFilterDoSendRegex, refFilterDontSendRegex,
+  refFilterInclusionRegex and refFilterExclusionRegex.
+
+* New commitEmailFormat option which can be set to "html" to generate
+  simple colorized diffs using HTML for the commit emails.
+
+* git-multimail can now be ran as a Gerrit ref-updated hook, or from
+  Atlassian BitBucket Server (formerly known as Atlassian Stash).
+
+* The From: field is now more customizeable. It can be set
+  independently for refchange emails and commit emails (see
+  fromCommit, fromRefChange). The special values pusher and author can
+  be used in these configuration variable.
+
+* A new command-line option, --version, was added. The version is also
+  available in the X-Git-Multimail-Version header of sent emails.
+
+* Set X-Git-NotificationType header to differentiate the various types
+  of notifications. Current values are: diff, ref_changed_plus_diff,
+  ref_changed.
+
+* Preliminary support for Python 3. The testsuite passes with Python 3,
+  but it has not received as much testing as the Python 2 version yet.
+
+* Several encoding-related fixes. UTF-8 characters work in more
+  situations (but non-ascii characters in email address are still not
+  supported).
+
+* The testsuite and its documentation has been greatly improved.
+
+Plus all the bugfixes from version 1.1.1.
+
+This version has been tested with Python 2.4 and 2.6 to 3.5, and Git
+v1.7.10-406-gdc801e7, git-1.8.2.3 and 2.6.0. Git versions prior to
+v1.7.10-406-gdc801e7 probably work, but cannot run the testsuite
+properly.
+
+Release 1.1.1 (bugfix-only release)
+===================================
+
+* The SMTP mailer was not working with Python 2.4.
+
+Release 1.1.0
+=============
+
+* When a single commit is pushed, omit the reference changed email.
+  Set multimailhook.combineWhenSingleCommit to false to disable this
+  new feature.
+
+* In gitolite environments, the pusher's email address can be used as
+  the From address by creating a specially formatted comment block in
+  gitolite.conf (see multimailhook.from in README).
+
+* Support for SMTP authentication and SSL/TLS encryption was added,
+  see smtpUser, smtpPass, smtpEncryption in README.
+
+* A new option scanCommitForCc was added to allow git-multimail to
+  search the commit message for 'Cc: ...' lines, and add the
+  corresponding emails in Cc.
+
+* If $USER is not set, use the variable $USERNAME. This is needed on
+  Windows platform to recognize the pusher.
+
+* The emailPrefix variable can now be set to an empty string to remove
+  the prefix.
+
+* A short tutorial was added in doc/gitolite.rst to set up
+  git-multimail with gitolite.
+
+* The post-receive file was renamed to post-receive.example. It has
+  always been an example (the standard way to call git-multimail is to
+  call git_multimail.py), but it was unclear to many users.
+
+* A new refchangeShowGraph option was added to make it possible to
+  include both a graph and a log in the summary emails.  The options
+  to control the graph formatting can be set via the new graphOpts
+  option.
+
+* New option --force-send was added to disable new commit detection
+  for update hook. One use-case is to run git_multimail.py after
+  running "git fetch" to send emails about commits that have just been
+  fetched (the detection of new commits was unreliable in this mode).
+
+* The testing infrastructure was considerably improved (continuous
+  integration with travis-ci, automatic check of PEP8 and RST syntax,
+  many improvements to the test scripts).
+
+This version has been tested with Python 2.4 to 2.7, and Git 1.7.1 to
+2.4.
+
+Release 1.0.0
+=============
+
+* Fix encoding of non-ASCII email addresses in email headers.
+
+* Fix backwards-compatibility bugs for older Python 2.x versions.
+
+* Fix a backwards-compatibility bug for Git 1.7.1.
+
+* Add an option commitDiffOpts to customize logs for revisions.
+
+* Pass "-oi" to sendmail by default to prevent premature termination
+  on a line containing only ".".
+
+* Stagger email "Date:" values in an attempt to help mail clients
+  thread the emails in the right order.
+
+* If a mailing list setting is missing, just skip sending the
+  corresponding email (with a warning) instead of failing.
+
+* Add a X-Git-Host header that can be used for email filtering.
+
+* Allow the sender's fully-qualified domain name to be configured.
+
+* Minor documentation improvements.
+
+* Add this CHANGES file.
+
+
+Release 0.9.0
+=============
+
+* Initial release.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/CONTRIBUTING.rst b/contrib/hooks/multimail/CONTRIBUTING.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..530ecbfcf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/CONTRIBUTING.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Contributing
+============
+
+git-multimail is an open-source project, built by volunteers. We would
+welcome your help!
+
+The current maintainers are Michael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu>
+and Matthieu Moy <matthieu.moy@grenoble-inp.fr>.
+
+Please note that although a copy of git-multimail is distributed in
+the "contrib" section of the main Git project, development takes place
+in a separate `git-multimail repository on GitHub`_.
+
+Whenever enough changes to git-multimail have accumulated, a new
+code-drop of git-multimail will be submitted for inclusion in the Git
+project.
+
+We use the GitHub issue tracker to keep track of bugs and feature
+requests, and we use GitHub pull requests to exchange patches (though,
+if you prefer, you can send patches via the Git mailing list with CC
+to the maintainers). Please sign off your patches as per the `Git
+project practice
+<https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/SubmittingPatches#L234>`__.
+
+General discussion of git-multimail can take place on the main `Git
+mailing list`_.
+
+Please CC emails regarding git-multimail to the maintainers so that we
+don't overlook them.
+
+
+.. _`git-multimail repository on GitHub`: https://github.com/git-multimail/git-multimail
+.. _`Git mailing list`: git@vger.kernel.org
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c91d19a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README
@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+git-multimail 1.3.1
+===================
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/git-multimail/git-multimail.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://travis-ci.org/git-multimail/git-multimail
+
+git-multimail is a tool for sending notification emails on pushes to a
+Git repository.  It includes a Python module called git_multimail.py,
+which can either be used as a hook script directly or can be imported
+as a Python module into another script.
+
+git-multimail is derived from the Git project's old
+contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, and is mostly compatible with that
+script.  See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for details about
+the differences and for how to migrate from post-receive-email to
+git-multimail.
+
+git-multimail, like the rest of the Git project, is licensed under
+GPLv2 (see the COPYING file for details).
+
+Please note: although, as a convenience, git-multimail may be
+distributed along with the main Git project, development of
+git-multimail takes place in its own, separate project.  See section
+"Getting involved" below for more information.
+
+
+By default, for each push received by the repository, git-multimail:
+
+1. Outputs one email summarizing each reference that was changed.
+   These "reference change" (called "refchange" below) emails describe
+   the nature of the change (e.g., was the reference created, deleted,
+   fast-forwarded, etc.) and include a one-line summary of each commit
+   that was added to the reference.
+
+2. Outputs one email for each new commit that was introduced by the
+   reference change.  These "commit" emails include a list of the
+   files changed by the commit, followed by the diffs of files
+   modified by the commit.  The commit emails are threaded to the
+   corresponding reference change email via "In-Reply-To".  This style
+   (similar to the "git format-patch" style used on the Git mailing
+   list) makes it easy to scan through the emails, jump to patches
+   that need further attention, and write comments about specific
+   commits.  Commits are handled in reverse topological order (i.e.,
+   parents shown before children).  For example::
+
+     [git] branch master updated
+     + [git] 01/08: doc: fix xref link from api docs to manual pages
+     + [git] 02/08: api-credentials.txt: show the big picture first
+     + [git] 03/08: api-credentials.txt: mention credential.helper explicitly
+     + [git] 04/08: api-credentials.txt: add "see also" section
+     + [git] 05/08: t3510 (cherry-pick-sequence): add missing '&&'
+     + [git] 06/08: Merge branch 'rr/maint-t3510-cascade-fix'
+     + [git] 07/08: Merge branch 'mm/api-credentials-doc'
+     + [git] 08/08: Git 1.7.11-rc2
+
+   By default, each commit appears in exactly one commit email, the
+   first time that it is pushed to the repository.  If a commit is later
+   merged into another branch, then a one-line summary of the commit
+   is included in the reference change email (as usual), but no
+   additional commit email is generated. See
+   `multimailhook.refFilter(Inclusion|Exclusion|DoSend|DontSend)Regex`
+   below to configure which branches and tags are watched by the hook.
+
+   By default, reference change emails have their "Reply-To" field set
+   to the person who pushed the change, and commit emails have their
+   "Reply-To" field set to the author of the commit.
+
+3. Output one "announce" mail for each new annotated tag, including
+   information about the tag and optionally a shortlog describing the
+   changes since the previous tag.  Such emails might be useful if you
+   use annotated tags to mark releases of your project.
+
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+* Python 2.x, version 2.4 or later.  No non-standard Python modules
+  are required.  git-multimail has preliminary support for Python 3
+  (but it has been better tested with Python 2).
+
+* The ``git`` command must be in your PATH.  git-multimail is known to
+  work with Git versions back to 1.7.1.  (Earlier versions have not
+  been tested; if you do so, please report your results.)
+
+* To send emails using the default configuration, a standard sendmail
+  program must be located at '/usr/sbin/sendmail' or
+  '/usr/lib/sendmail' and must be configured correctly to send emails.
+  If this is not the case, set multimailhook.sendmailCommand, or see
+  the multimailhook.mailer configuration variable below for how to
+  configure git-multimail to send emails via an SMTP server.
+
+
+Invocation
+----------
+
+git_multimail.py is designed to be used as a ``post-receive`` hook in a
+Git repository (see githooks(5)).  Link or copy it to
+$GIT_DIR/hooks/post-receive within the repository for which email
+notifications are desired.  Usually it should be installed on the
+central repository for a project, to which all commits are eventually
+pushed.
+
+For use on pre-v1.5.1 Git servers, git_multimail.py can also work as
+an ``update`` hook, taking its arguments on the command line.  To use
+this script in this manner, link or copy it to $GIT_DIR/hooks/update.
+Please note that the script is not completely reliable in this mode
+[2]_.
+
+Alternatively, git_multimail.py can be imported as a Python module
+into your own Python post-receive script.  This method is a bit more
+work, but allows the behavior of the hook to be customized using
+arbitrary Python code.  For example, you can use a custom environment
+(perhaps inheriting from GenericEnvironment or GitoliteEnvironment) to
+
+* change how the user who did the push is determined
+
+* read users' email addresses from an LDAP server or from a database
+
+* decide which users should be notified about which commits based on
+  the contents of the commits (e.g., for users who want to be notified
+  only about changes affecting particular files or subdirectories)
+
+Or you can change how emails are sent by writing your own Mailer
+class.  The ``post-receive`` script in this directory demonstrates how
+to use git_multimail.py as a Python module.  (If you make interesting
+changes of this type, please consider sharing them with the
+community.)
+
+
+Troubleshooting/FAQ
+-------------------
+
+Please read `<doc/troubleshooting.rst>`__ for frequently asked
+questions and common issues with git-multimail.
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+By default, git-multimail mostly takes its configuration from the
+following ``git config`` settings:
+
+multimailhook.environment
+    This describes the general environment of the repository. In most
+    cases, you do not need to specify a value for this variable:
+    `git-multimail` will autodetect which environment to use.
+    Currently supported values:
+
+    generic
+      the username of the pusher is read from $USER or $USERNAME and
+      the repository name is derived from the repository's path.
+
+    gitolite
+      the username of the pusher is read from $GL_USER, the repository
+      name is read from $GL_REPO, and the From: header value is
+      optionally read from gitolite.conf (see multimailhook.from).
+
+      For more information about gitolite and git-multimail, read
+      `<doc/gitolite.rst>`__
+
+    stash
+      Environment to use when ``git-multimail`` is ran as an Atlassian
+      BitBucket Server (formerly known as Atlassian Stash) hook.
+
+      **Warning:** this mode was provided by a third-party contributor
+      and never tested by the git-multimail maintainers. It is
+      provided as-is and may or may not work for you.
+
+      This value is automatically assumed when the stash-specific
+      flags (``--stash-user`` and ``--stash-repo``) are specified on
+      the command line. When this environment is active, the username
+      and repo come from these two command line flags, which must be
+      specified.
+
+    gerrit
+      Environment to use when ``git-multimail`` is ran as a
+      ``ref-updated`` Gerrit hook.
+
+      This value is used when the gerrit-specific command line flags
+      (``--oldrev``, ``--newrev``, ``--refname``, ``--project``) for
+      gerrit's ref-updated hook are present. When this environment is
+      active, the username of the pusher is taken from the
+      ``--submitter`` argument if that command line option is passed,
+      otherwise 'Gerrit' is used. The repository name is taken from
+      the ``--project`` option on the command line, which must be passed.
+
+      For more information about gerrit and git-multimail, read
+      `<doc/gerrit.rst>`__
+
+    If none of these environments is suitable for your setup, then you
+    can implement a Python class that inherits from Environment and
+    instantiate it via a script that looks like the example
+    post-receive script.
+
+    The environment value can be specified on the command line using
+    the ``--environment`` option. If it is not specified on the
+    command line or by ``multimailhook.environment``, the value is
+    guessed as follows:
+
+    * If stash-specific (respectively gerrit-specific) command flags
+      are present on the command-line, then ``stash`` (respectively
+      ``gerrit``) is used.
+
+    * If the environment variables $GL_USER and $GL_REPO are set, then
+      ``gitolite`` is used.
+
+    * If none of the above apply, then ``generic`` is used.
+
+multimailhook.repoName
+    A short name of this Git repository, to be used in various places
+    in the notification email text.  The default is to use $GL_REPO
+    for gitolite repositories, or otherwise to derive this value from
+    the repository path name.
+
+multimailhook.mailingList
+    The list of email addresses to which notification emails should be
+    sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas.  This
+    configuration option can be multivalued.  Leave it unset or set it
+    to the empty string to not send emails by default.  The next few
+    settings can be used to configure specific address lists for
+    specific types of notification email.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeList
+    The list of email addresses to which summary emails about
+    reference changes should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses
+    separated by commas.  This configuration option can be
+    multivalued.  The default is the value in
+    multimailhook.mailingList.  Set this value to "none" (or the empty
+    string) to prevent reference change emails from being sent even if
+    multimailhook.mailingList is set.
+
+multimailhook.announceList
+    The list of email addresses to which emails about new annotated
+    tags should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by
+    commas.  This configuration option can be multivalued.  The
+    default is the value in multimailhook.refchangeList or
+    multimailhook.mailingList.  Set this value to "none" (or the empty
+    string) to prevent annotated tag announcement emails from being sent
+    even if one of the other values is set.
+
+multimailhook.commitList
+    The list of email addresses to which emails about individual new
+    commits should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by
+    commas.  This configuration option can be multivalued.  The
+    default is the value in multimailhook.mailingList.  Set this value
+    to "none" (or the empty string) to prevent notification emails about
+    individual commits from being sent even if
+    multimailhook.mailingList is set.
+
+multimailhook.announceShortlog
+    If this option is set to true, then emails about changes to
+    annotated tags include a shortlog of changes since the previous
+    tag.  This can be useful if the annotated tags represent releases;
+    then the shortlog will be a kind of rough summary of what has
+    happened since the last release.  But if your tagging policy is
+    not so straightforward, then the shortlog might be confusing
+    rather than useful.  Default is false.
+
+multimailhook.commitEmailFormat
+    The format of email messages for the individual commits, can be "text" or
+    "html". In the latter case, the emails will include diffs using colorized
+    HTML instead of plain text used by default. Note that this  currently the
+    ref change emails are always sent in plain text.
+
+    Note that when using "html", the formatting is done by parsing the
+    output of ``git log`` with ``-p``. When using
+    ``multimailhook.commitLogOpts`` to specify a ``--format`` for
+    ``git log``, one may get false positive (e.g. lines in the body of
+    the message starting with ``+++`` or ``---`` colored in red or
+    green).
+
+    By default, all the message is HTML-escaped. See
+    ``multimailhook.htmlInIntro`` to change this behavior.
+
+multimailhook.commitBrowseURL
+    Used to generate a link to an online repository browser in commit
+    emails. This variable must be a string. Format directives like
+    ``%(<variable>)s`` will be expanded the same way as template
+    strings. In particular, ``%(id)s`` will be replaced by the full
+    Git commit identifier (40-chars hexadecimal).
+
+    If the string does not contain any format directive, then
+    ``%(id)s`` will be automatically added to the string. If you don't
+    want ``%(id)s`` to be automatically added, use the empty format
+    directive ``%()s`` anywhere in the string.
+
+    For example, a suitable value for the git-multimail project itself
+    would be
+    ``https://github.com/git-multimail/git-multimail/commit/%(id)s``.
+
+multimailhook.htmlInIntro, multimailhook.htmlInFooter
+    When generating an HTML message, git-multimail escapes any HTML
+    sequence by default. This means that if a template contains HTML
+    like ``<a href="foo">link</a>``, the reader will see the HTML
+    source code and not a proper link.
+
+    Set ``multimailhook.htmlInIntro`` to true to allow writting HTML
+    formatting in introduction templates. Similarly, set
+    ``multimailhook.htmlInFooter`` for HTML in the footer.
+
+    Variables expanded in the template are still escaped. For example,
+    if a repository's path contains a ``<``, it will be rendered as
+    such in the message.
+
+    Read `<doc/customizing-emails.rst>`__ for more details and
+    examples.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeShowGraph
+    If this option is set to true, then summary emails about reference
+    changes will additionally include:
+
+    * a graph of the added commits (if any)
+
+    * a graph of the discarded commits (if any)
+
+    The log is generated by running ``git log --graph`` with the options
+    specified in graphOpts.  The default is false.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeShowLog
+    If this option is set to true, then summary emails about reference
+    changes will include a detailed log of the added commits in
+    addition to the one line summary.  The log is generated by running
+    ``git log`` with the options specified in multimailhook.logOpts.
+    Default is false.
+
+multimailhook.mailer
+    This option changes the way emails are sent.  Accepted values are:
+
+    * **sendmail (the default)**: use the command ``/usr/sbin/sendmail`` or
+      ``/usr/lib/sendmail`` (or sendmailCommand, if configured).  This
+      mode can be further customized via the following options:
+
+      multimailhook.sendmailCommand
+          The command used by mailer ``sendmail`` to send emails.  Shell
+          quoting is allowed in the value of this setting, but remember that
+          Git requires double-quotes to be escaped; e.g.::
+
+              git config multimailhook.sendmailcommand '/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t -F \"Git Repo\"'
+
+          Default is '/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t' or
+          '/usr/lib/sendmail -oi -t' (depending on which file is
+          present and executable).
+
+      multimailhook.envelopeSender
+          If set then pass this value to sendmail via the -f option to set
+          the envelope sender address.
+
+    * **smtp**: use Python's smtplib.  This is useful when the sendmail
+      command is not available on the system.  This mode can be
+      further customized via the following options:
+
+      multimailhook.smtpServer
+          The name of the SMTP server to connect to.  The value can
+          also include a colon and a port number; e.g.,
+          ``mail.example.com:25``.  Default is 'localhost' using port 25.
+
+      multimailhook.smtpUser, multimailhook.smtpPass
+          Server username and password. Required if smtpEncryption is 'ssl'.
+          Note that the username and password currently need to be
+          set cleartext in the configuration file, which is not
+          recommended. If you need to use this option, be sure your
+          configuration file is read-only.
+
+      multimailhook.envelopeSender
+        The sender address to be passed to the SMTP server.  If
+        unset, then the value of multimailhook.from is used.
+
+      multimailhook.smtpServerTimeout
+        Timeout in seconds.
+
+      multimailhook.smtpEncryption
+        Set the security type. Allowed values: ``none``, ``ssl``, ``tls`` (starttls).
+        Default is ``none``.
+
+      multimailhook.smtpCACerts
+        Set the path to a list of trusted CA certificate to verify the
+        server certificate, only supported when ``smtpEncryption`` is
+        ``tls``. If unset or empty, the server certificate is not
+        verified. If it targets a file containing a list of trusted CA
+        certificates (PEM format) these CAs will be used to verify the
+        server certificate. For debian, you can set
+        ``/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt`` for using the system
+        trusted CAs. For self-signed server, you can add your server
+        certificate to the system store::
+
+            cd /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/
+            openssl s_client -starttls smtp \
+                   -connect mail.example.net:587 -showcerts \
+                   </dev/null 2>/dev/null \
+                 | openssl x509 -outform PEM >mail.example.net.crt
+            update-ca-certificates
+
+        and used the updated ``/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt``. Or
+        directly use your ``/path/to/mail.example.net.crt``. Default is
+        unset.
+
+      multimailhook.smtpServerDebugLevel
+        Integer number. Set to greater than 0 to activate debugging.
+
+multimailhook.from, multimailhook.fromCommit, multimailhook.fromRefchange
+    If set, use this value in the From: field of generated emails.
+    ``fromCommit`` is used for commit emails, ``fromRefchange`` is
+    used for refchange emails, and ``from`` is used as fall-back in
+    all cases.
+
+    The value for these variables can be either:
+
+    - An email address, which will be used directly.
+
+    - The value ``pusher``, in which case the pusher's address (if
+      available) will be used.
+
+    - The value ``author`` (meaningful only for ``fromCommit``), in which
+      case the commit author's address will be used.
+
+    If config values are unset, the value of the From: header is
+    determined as follows:
+
+    1. (gitolite environment only) Parse gitolite.conf, looking for a
+       block of comments that looks like this::
+
+           # BEGIN USER EMAILS
+           # username Firstname Lastname <email@example.com>
+           # END USER EMAILS
+
+       If that block exists, and there is a line between the BEGIN
+       USER EMAILS and END USER EMAILS lines where the first field
+       matches the gitolite username ($GL_USER), use the rest of the
+       line for the From: header.
+
+    2. If the user.email configuration setting is set, use its value
+       (and the value of user.name, if set).
+
+    3. Use the value of multimailhook.envelopeSender.
+
+multimailhook.administrator
+    The name and/or email address of the administrator of the Git
+    repository; used in FOOTER_TEMPLATE.  Default is
+    multimailhook.envelopesender if it is set; otherwise a generic
+    string is used.
+
+multimailhook.emailPrefix
+    All emails have this string prepended to their subjects, to aid
+    email filtering (though filtering based on the X-Git-* email
+    headers is probably more robust).  Default is the short name of
+    the repository in square brackets; e.g., ``[myrepo]``.  Set this
+    value to the empty string to suppress the email prefix.
+
+multimailhook.emailMaxLines
+    The maximum number of lines that should be included in the body of
+    a generated email.  If not specified, there is no limit.  Lines
+    beyond the limit are suppressed and counted, and a final line is
+    added indicating the number of suppressed lines.
+
+multimailhook.emailMaxLineLength
+    The maximum length of a line in the email body.  Lines longer than
+    this limit are truncated to this length with a trailing ``[...]``
+    added to indicate the missing text.  The default is 500, because
+    (a) diffs with longer lines are probably from binary files, for
+    which a diff is useless, and (b) even if a text file has such long
+    lines, the diffs are probably unreadable anyway.  To disable line
+    truncation, set this option to 0.
+
+multimailhook.maxCommitEmails
+    The maximum number of commit emails to send for a given change.
+    When the number of patches is larger that this value, only the
+    summary refchange email is sent.  This can avoid accidental
+    mailbombing, for example on an initial push.  To disable commit
+    emails limit, set this option to 0.  The default is 500.
+
+multimailhook.emailStrictUTF8
+    If this boolean option is set to `true`, then the main part of the
+    email body is forced to be valid UTF-8.  Any characters that are
+    not valid UTF-8 are converted to the Unicode replacement
+    character, U+FFFD.  The default is `true`.
+
+multimailhook.diffOpts
+    Options passed to ``git diff-tree`` when generating the summary
+    information for ReferenceChange emails.  Default is ``--stat
+    --summary --find-copies-harder``.  Add -p to those options to
+    include a unified diff of changes in addition to the usual summary
+    output.  Shell quoting is allowed; see multimailhook.logOpts for
+    details.
+
+multimailhook.graphOpts
+    Options passed to ``git log --graph`` when generating graphs for the
+    reference change summary emails (used only if refchangeShowGraph
+    is true).  The default is '--oneline --decorate'.
+
+    Shell quoting is allowed; see logOpts for details.
+
+multimailhook.logOpts
+    Options passed to ``git log`` to generate additional info for
+    reference change emails (used only if refchangeShowLog is set).
+    For example, adding -p will show each commit's complete diff.  The
+    default is empty.
+
+    Shell quoting is allowed; for example, a log format that contains
+    spaces can be specified using something like::
+
+      git config multimailhook.logopts '--pretty=format:"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n"'
+
+    If you want to set this by editing your configuration file
+    directly, remember that Git requires double-quotes to be escaped
+    (see git-config(1) for more information)::
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              logopts = --pretty=format:\"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n\"
+
+multimailhook.commitLogOpts
+    Options passed to ``git log`` to generate additional info for
+    revision change emails.  For example, adding --ignore-all-spaces
+    will suppress whitespace changes.  The default options are ``-C
+    --stat -p --cc``.  Shell quoting is allowed; see
+    multimailhook.logOpts for details.
+
+multimailhook.dateSubstitute
+    String to use as a substitute for ``Date:`` in the output of ``git
+    log`` while formatting commit messages. This is usefull to avoid
+    emitting a line that can be interpreted by mailers as the start of
+    a cited message (Zimbra webmail in particular). Defaults to
+    ``CommitDate:``. Set to an empty string or ``none`` to deactivate
+    the behavior.
+
+multimailhook.emailDomain
+    Domain name appended to the username of the person doing the push
+    to convert it into an email address
+    (via ``"%s@%s" % (username, emaildomain)``). More complicated
+    schemes can be implemented by overriding Environment and
+    overriding its get_pusher_email() method.
+
+multimailhook.replyTo, multimailhook.replyToCommit, multimailhook.replyToRefchange
+    Addresses to use in the Reply-To: field for commit emails
+    (replyToCommit) and refchange emails (replyToRefchange).
+    multimailhook.replyTo is used as default when replyToCommit or
+    replyToRefchange is not set. The shortcuts ``pusher`` and
+    ``author`` are allowed with the same semantics as for
+    ``multimailhook.from``. In addition, the value ``none`` can be
+    used to omit the ``Reply-To:`` field.
+
+    The default is ``pusher`` for refchange emails, and ``author`` for
+    commit emails.
+
+multimailhook.quiet
+    Do not output the list of email recipients from the hook
+
+multimailhook.stdout
+    For debugging, send emails to stdout rather than to the
+    mailer.  Equivalent to the --stdout command line option
+
+multimailhook.scanCommitForCc
+    If this option is set to true, than recipients from lines in commit body
+    that starts with ``CC:`` will be added to CC list.
+    Default: false
+
+multimailhook.combineWhenSingleCommit
+    If this option is set to true and a single new commit is pushed to
+    a branch, combine the summary and commit email messages into a
+    single email.
+    Default: true
+
+multimailhook.refFilterInclusionRegex, multimailhook.refFilterExclusionRegex, multimailhook.refFilterDoSendRegex, multimailhook.refFilterDontSendRegex
+    **Warning:** these options are experimental. They should work, but
+    the user-interface is not stable yet (in particular, the option
+    names may change). If you want to participate in stabilizing the
+    feature, please contact the maintainers and/or send pull-requests.
+
+    Regular expressions that can be used to limit refs for which email
+    updates will be sent.  It is an error to specify both an inclusion
+    and an exclusion regex.  If a ``refFilterInclusionRegex`` is
+    specified, emails will only be sent for refs which match this
+    regex.  If a ``refFilterExclusionRegex`` regex is specified,
+    emails will be sent for all refs except those that match this
+    regex (or that match a predefined regex specific to the
+    environment, such as "^refs/notes" for most environments and
+    "^refs/notes|^refs/changes" for the gerrit environment).
+
+    The expressions are matched against the complete refname, and is
+    considered to match if any substring matches. For example, to
+    filter-out all tags, set ``refFilterExclusionRegex`` to
+    ``^refs/tags/`` (note the leading ``^`` but no trailing ``$``). If
+    you set ``refFilterExclusionRegex`` to ``master``, then any ref
+    containing ``master`` will be excluded (the ``master`` branch, but
+    also ``refs/tags/master`` or ``refs/heads/foo-master-bar``).
+
+    ``refFilterDoSendRegex`` and ``refFilterDontSendRegex`` are
+    analogous to ``refFilterInclusionRegex`` and
+    ``refFilterExclusionRegex`` with one difference: with
+    ``refFilterDoSendRegex`` and ``refFilterDontSendRegex``, commits
+    introduced by one excluded ref will not be considered as new when
+    they reach an included ref. Typically, if you add a branch ``foo``
+    to  ``refFilterDontSendRegex``, push commits to this branch, and
+    later merge branch ``foo`` into ``master``, then the notification
+    email for ``master`` will contain a commit email only for the
+    merge commit. If you include ``foo`` in
+    ``refFilterExclusionRegex``, then at the time of merge, you will
+    receive one commit email per commit in the branch.
+
+    These variables can be multi-valued, like::
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              refFilterExclusionRegex = ^refs/tags/
+              refFilterExclusionRegex = ^refs/heads/master$
+
+    You can also provide a whitespace-separated list like::
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              refFilterExclusionRegex = ^refs/tags/ ^refs/heads/master$
+
+    Both examples exclude tags and the master branch, and are
+    equivalent to::
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              refFilterExclusionRegex = ^refs/tags/|^refs/heads/master$
+
+Email filtering aids
+--------------------
+
+All emails include extra headers to enable fine tuned filtering and
+give information for debugging.  All emails include the headers
+``X-Git-Host``, ``X-Git-Repo``, ``X-Git-Refname``, and ``X-Git-Reftype``.
+ReferenceChange emails also include headers ``X-Git-Oldrev`` and ``X-Git-Newrev``;
+Revision emails also include header ``X-Git-Rev``.
+
+
+Customizing email contents
+--------------------------
+
+git-multimail mostly generates emails by expanding templates.  The
+templates can be customized.  To avoid the need to edit
+git_multimail.py directly, the preferred way to change the templates
+is to write a separate Python script that imports git_multimail.py as
+a module, then replaces the templates in place.  See the provided
+post-receive script for an example of how this is done.
+
+
+Customizing git-multimail for your environment
+----------------------------------------------
+
+git-multimail is mostly customized via an "environment" that describes
+the local environment in which Git is running.  Two types of
+environment are built in:
+
+GenericEnvironment
+    a stand-alone Git repository.
+
+GitoliteEnvironment
+    a Git repository that is managed by gitolite
+    [3]_.  For such repositories, the identity of the pusher is read from
+    environment variable $GL_USER, the name of the repository is read
+    from $GL_REPO (if it is not overridden by multimailhook.reponame),
+    and the From: header value is optionally read from gitolite.conf
+    (see multimailhook.from).
+
+By default, git-multimail assumes GitoliteEnvironment if $GL_USER and
+$GL_REPO are set, and otherwise assumes GenericEnvironment.
+Alternatively, you can choose one of these two environments explicitly
+by setting a ``multimailhook.environment`` config setting (which can
+have the value `generic` or `gitolite`) or by passing an --environment
+option to the script.
+
+If you need to customize the script in ways that are not supported by
+the existing environments, you can define your own environment class
+class using arbitrary Python code.  To do so, you need to import
+git_multimail.py as a Python module, as demonstrated by the example
+post-receive script.  Then implement your environment class; it should
+usually inherit from one of the existing Environment classes and
+possibly one or more of the EnvironmentMixin classes.  Then set the
+``environment`` variable to an instance of your own environment class
+and pass it to ``run_as_post_receive_hook()``.
+
+The standard environment classes, GenericEnvironment and
+GitoliteEnvironment, are in fact themselves put together out of a
+number of mixin classes, each of which handles one aspect of the
+customization.  For the finest control over your configuration, you
+can specify exactly which mixin classes your own environment class
+should inherit from, and override individual methods (or even add your
+own mixin classes) to implement entirely new behaviors.  If you
+implement any mixins that might be useful to other people, please
+consider sharing them with the community!
+
+
+Getting involved
+----------------
+
+Please, read `<CONTRIBUTING.rst>`__ for instructions on how to
+contribute to git-multimail.
+
+
+Footnotes
+---------
+
+.. [1] http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/
+
+.. [2] Because of the way information is passed to update hooks, the
+       script's method of determining whether a commit has already
+       been seen does not work when it is used as an ``update`` script.
+       In particular, no notification email will be generated for a
+       new commit that is added to multiple references in the same
+       push. A workaround is to use --force-send to force sending the
+       emails.
+
+.. [3] https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1210bde045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+This copy of git-multimail is distributed as part of the "contrib"
+section of the Git project as a convenience to Git users.
+git-multimail is developed as an independent project at the following
+website:
+
+    https://github.com/git-multimail/git-multimail
+
+The version in this directory was obtained from the upstream project
+on May 13 2016 and consists of the "git-multimail" subdirectory from
+revision
+
+    3ce5470d4abf7251604cbf64e73a962e1b617f5e refs/tags/1.3.1
+
+Please see the README file in this directory for information about how
+to report bugs or contribute to git-multimail.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e6a976699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+git-multimail is close to, but not exactly, a plug-in replacement for
+the old Git project script contrib/hooks/post-receive-email.  This
+document describes the differences and explains how to configure
+git-multimail to get behavior closest to that of post-receive-email.
+
+If you are in a hurry
+=====================
+
+A script called migrate-mailhook-config is included with
+git-multimail.  If you run this script within a Git repository that is
+configured to use post-receive-email, it will convert the
+configuration settings into the approximate equivalent settings for
+git-multimail.  For more information, run
+
+    migrate-mailhook-config --help
+
+
+Configuration differences
+=========================
+
+* The names of the config options for git-multimail are in namespace
+  "multimailhook.*" instead of "hooks.*".  (Editorial comment:
+  post-receive-email should never have used such a generic top-level
+  namespace.)
+
+* In emails about new annotated tags, post-receive-email includes a
+  shortlog of all changes since the previous annotated tag.  To get
+  this behavior with git-multimail, you need to set
+  multimailhook.announceshortlog to true:
+
+      git config multimailhook.announceshortlog true
+
+* multimailhook.commitlist -- This is a new configuration variable.
+  Recipients listed here will receive a separate email for each new
+  commit.  However, if this variable is *not* set, it defaults to the
+  value of multimailhook.mailinglist.  Therefore, if you *don't* want
+  the members of multimailhook.mailinglist to receive one email per
+  commit, then set this value to the empty string:
+
+      git config multimailhook.commitlist ''
+
+* multimailhook.emailprefix -- If this value is not set, then the
+  subjects of generated emails are prefixed with the short name of the
+  repository enclosed in square brackets; e.g., "[myrepo]".
+  post-receive-email defaults to prefix "[SCM]" if this option is not
+  set.  So if you were using the old default and want to retain it
+  (for example, to avoid having to change your email filters), set
+  this variable explicitly to the old value:
+
+      git config multimailhook.emailprefix "[SCM]"
+
+* The "multimailhook.showrev" configuration option is not supported.
+  Its main use is obsoleted by the one-email-per-commit feature of
+  git-multimail.
+
+
+Other differences
+=================
+
+This section describes other differences in the behavior of
+git-multimail vs. post-receive-email.  For full details, please refer
+to the main README file:
+
+* One email per commit.  For each reference change, the script first
+  outputs one email summarizing the reference change (including
+  one-line summaries of the new commits), then it outputs a separate
+  email for each new commit that was introduced, including patches.
+  These one-email-per-commit emails go to the addresses listed in
+  multimailhook.commitlist.  post-receive-email sends only one email
+  for each *reference* that is changed, no matter how many commits
+  were added to the reference.
+
+* Better algorithm for detecting new commits.  post-receive-email
+  processes one reference change at a time, which causes it to fail to
+  describe new commits that were included in multiple branches.  For
+  example, if a single push adds the "*" commits in the diagram below,
+  then post-receive-email would never include the details of the two
+  commits that are common to "master" and "branch" in its
+  notifications.
+
+      o---o---o---*---*---*    <-- master
+                       \
+                        *---*  <-- branch
+
+  git-multimail analyzes all reference modifications to determine
+  which commits were not present before the change, therefore avoiding
+  that error.
+
+* In reference change emails, git-multimail tells which commits have
+  been added to the reference vs. are entirely new to the repository,
+  and which commits that have been omitted from the reference
+  vs. entirely discarded from the repository.
+
+* The environment in which Git is running can be configured via an
+  "Environment" abstraction.
+
+* Built-in support for Gitolite-managed repositories.
+
+* Instead of using full SHA1 object names in emails, git-multimail
+  mostly uses abbreviated SHA1s, plus one-line log message summaries
+  where appropriate.
+
+* In the schematic diagrams that explain non-fast-forward commits,
+  git-multimail shows the names of the branches involved.
+
+* The emails generated by git-multimail include the name of the Git
+  repository that was modified; this is convenient for recipients who
+  are monitoring multiple repositories.
+
+* git-multimail allows the email "From" addresses to be configured.
+
+* The recipients lists (multimailhook.mailinglist,
+  multimailhook.refchangelist, multimailhook.announcelist, and
+  multimailhook.commitlist) can be comma-separated values and/or
+  multivalued settings in the config file; e.g.,
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              mailinglist = mr.brown@example.com, mr.black@example.com
+              announcelist = Him <him@example.com>
+              announcelist = Jim <jim@example.com>
+              announcelist = pop@example.com
+
+  This might make it easier to maintain short recipients lists without
+  requiring full-fledged mailing list software.
+
+* By default, git-multimail sets email "Reply-To" headers to reply to
+  the pusher (for reference updates) and to the author (for commit
+  notifications).  By default, the pusher's email address is
+  constructed by appending "multimailhook.emaildomain" to the pusher's
+  username.
+
+* The generated emails contain a configurable footer.  By default, it
+  lists the name of the administrator who should be contacted to
+  unsubscribe from notification emails.
+
+* New option multimailhook.emailmaxlinelength to limit the length of
+  lines in the main part of the email body.  The default limit is 500
+  characters.
+
+* New option multimailhook.emailstrictutf8 to ensure that the main
+  part of the email body is valid UTF-8.  Invalid characters are
+  turned into the Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.  By default
+  this option is turned on.
+
+* Written in Python.  Easier to add new features.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/customizing-emails.rst b/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/customizing-emails.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f5b67f768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/customizing-emails.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+Customizing the content and formatting of emails
+================================================
+
+Overloading template strings
+----------------------------
+
+The content of emails is generated based on template strings defined
+in ``git_multimail.py``. You can customize these template strings
+without changing the script itself, by defining a Python wrapper
+around it. The python wrapper should ``import git_multimail`` and then
+override the ``git_multimail.*`` strings like this::
+
+  import sys  # needed for sys.argv
+
+  # Import and customize git_multimail:
+  import git_multimail
+  git_multimail.REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """..."""
+  git_multimail.COMBINED_INTRO_TEMPLATE = git_multimail.REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE
+
+  # start git_multimail itself:
+  git_multimail.main(sys.argv[1:])
+
+The template strings can use any value already used in the existing
+templates (read the source code).
+
+Using HTML in template strings
+------------------------------
+
+If ``multimailhook.commitEmailFormat`` is set to HTML, then
+git-multimail will generate HTML emails for commit notifications. The
+log and diff will be formatted automatically by git-multimail. By
+default, any HTML special character in the templates will be escaped.
+
+To use HTML formatting in the introduction of the email, set
+``multimailhook.htmlInIntro`` to ``true``. Then, the template can
+contain any HTML tags, that will be sent as-is in the email. For
+example, to add some formatting and a link to the online commit, use
+a format like::
+
+  git_multimail.REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+  <span style="color:#808080">This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.</span><br /><br />
+
+  <strong>%(pusher)s</strong> pushed a commit to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+  in repository %(repo_shortname)s.<br />
+
+  <a href="https://github.com/git-multimail/git-multimail/commit/%(newrev)s">View on GitHub</a>.
+  """
+
+Note that the values expanded from ``%(variable)s`` in the format
+strings will still be escaped.
+
+For a less flexible but easier to set up way to add a link to commit
+emails, see ``multimailhook.commitBrowseURL``.
+
+Similarly, one can set ``multimailhook.htmlInFooter`` and override any
+of the ``*_FOOTER*`` template strings.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/gerrit.rst b/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/gerrit.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8011d05dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/gerrit.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+Setting up git-multimail on Gerrit
+==================================
+
+Gerrit has its own email-sending system, but you may prefer using
+``git-multimail`` instead. It supports Gerrit natively as a Gerrit
+``ref-updated`` hook (Warning: `Gerrit hooks
+<https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/config-hooks.html>`__
+are distinct from Git hooks). Setting up ``git-multimail`` on a Gerrit
+installation can be done following the instructions below.
+
+The explanations show an easy way to set up ``git-multimail``,
+but leave ``git-multimail`` installed and unconfigured for a while. If
+you run Gerrit on a production server, it is advised that you
+execute the step "Set up the hook" last to avoid confusing your users
+in the meantime.
+
+Set up the hook
+---------------
+
+Create a directory ``$site_path/hooks/`` if it does not exist (if you
+don't know what ``$site_path`` is, run ``gerrit.sh status`` and look
+for a ``GERRIT_SITE`` line). Either copy ``git_multimail.py`` to
+``$site_path/hooks/ref-updated`` or create a wrapper script like
+this::
+
+  #! /bin/sh
+  exec /path/to/git_multimail.py "$@"
+
+In both cases, make sure the file is named exactly
+``$site_path/hooks/ref-updated`` and is executable.
+
+(Alternatively, you may configure the ``[hooks]`` section of
+gerrit.config)
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+Log on the gerrit server and edit ``$site_path/git/$project/config``
+to configure ``git-multimail``.
+
+Troubleshooting
+---------------
+
+Warning: this will disable ``git-multimail`` during the debug, and
+could confuse your users. Don't run on a production server.
+
+To debug configuration issues with ``git-multimail``, you can add the
+``--stdout`` option when calling ``git_multimail.py`` like this::
+
+  #!/bin/sh
+  exec /path/to/git-multimail/git-multimail/git_multimail.py \
+    --stdout "$@" >> /tmp/log.txt
+
+and try pushing from a test repository. You should see the source of
+the email that would have been sent in the output of ``git push`` in
+the file ``/tmp/log.txt``.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/gitolite.rst b/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/gitolite.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00aedd9c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/gitolite.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+Setting up git-multimail on gitolite
+====================================
+
+``git-multimail`` supports gitolite 3 natively.
+The explanations below show an easy way to set up ``git-multimail``,
+but leave ``git-multimail`` installed and unconfigured for a while. If
+you run gitolite on a production server, it is advised that you
+execute the step "Set up the hook" last to avoid confusing your users
+in the meantime.
+
+Set up the hook
+---------------
+
+Log in as your gitolite user.
+
+Create a file ``.gitolite/hooks/common/post-receive`` on your gitolite
+account containing (adapt the path, obviously)::
+
+  #!/bin/sh
+  exec /path/to/git-multimail/git-multimail/git_multimail.py "$@"
+
+Make sure it's executable (``chmod +x``). Record the hook in
+gitolite::
+
+  gitolite setup
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+First, you have to allow the admin to set Git configuration variables.
+
+As gitolite user, edit the line containing ``GIT_CONFIG_KEYS`` in file
+``.gitolite.rc``, to make it look like::
+
+  GIT_CONFIG_KEYS                 =>  'multimailhook\..*',
+
+You can now log out and return to your normal user.
+
+In the ``gitolite-admin`` clone, edit the file ``conf/gitolite.conf``
+and add::
+
+  repo @all
+      # Not strictly needed as git_multimail.py will chose gitolite if
+      # $GL_USER is set.
+      config multimailhook.environment = gitolite
+      config multimailhook.mailingList = # Where emails should be sent
+      config multimailhook.from = # From address to use
+
+Obviously, you can customize all parameters on a per-repository basis by
+adding these ``config multimailhook.*`` lines in the section
+corresponding to a repository or set of repositories.
+
+To activate ``git-multimail`` on a per-repository basis, do not set
+``multimailhook.mailingList`` in the ``@all`` section and set it only
+for repositories for which you want ``git-multimail``.
+
+Alternatively, you can set up the ``From:`` field on a per-user basis
+by adding a ``BEGIN USER EMAILS``/``END USER EMAILS`` section (see
+``../README``).
+
+Specificities of Gitolite for Configuration
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Empty configuration variables
+.............................
+
+With gitolite, the syntax ``config multimailhook.commitList = ""``
+unsets the variable instead of setting it to an empty string (see
+`here
+<http://gitolite.com/gitolite/git-config.html#an-important-warning-about-deleting-a-config-line>`__).
+As a result, there is no way to set a variable to the empty string.
+In all most places where an empty value is required, git-multimail
+now allows to specify special ``"none"`` value (case-sensitive) to
+mean the same.
+
+Alternatively, one can use ``" "`` (a single space) instead of ``""``.
+In most cases (in particular ``multimailhook.*List`` variables), this
+will be equivalent to an empty string.
+
+If you have a use-case where ``"none"`` is not an acceptable value and
+you need ``" "`` or  ``""`` instead, please report it as a bug to
+git-multimail.
+
+Allowing Regular Expressions in Configuration
+.............................................
+
+gitolite has a mechanism to prevent unsafe configuration variable
+values, which prevent characters like ``|`` commonly used in regular
+expressions. If you do not need the safety feature of gitolite and
+need to use regular expressions in your configuration (e.g. for
+``multimailhook.refFilter*`` variables), set
+`UNSAFE_PATT
+<http://gitolite.com/gitolite/git-config.html#unsafe-patt>`__ to a
+less restrictive value.
+
+Troubleshooting
+---------------
+
+Warning: this will disable ``git-multimail`` during the debug, and
+could confuse your users. Don't run on a production server.
+
+To debug configuration issues with ``git-multimail``, you can add the
+``--stdout`` option when calling ``git_multimail.py`` like this::
+
+  #!/bin/sh
+  exec /path/to/git-multimail/git-multimail/git_multimail.py --stdout "$@"
+
+and try pushing from a test repository. You should see the source of
+the email that would have been sent in the output of ``git push``.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/troubleshooting.rst b/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/troubleshooting.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3f346f076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/doc/troubleshooting.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Troubleshooting issues with git-multimail: a FAQ
+================================================
+
+Git is not using the right address in the From/To/Reply-To field
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+First, make sure that git-multimail actually uses what you think it is
+using. A lot happens to your email (especially when posting to a
+mailing-list) between the time `git_multimail.py` sends it and the
+time it reaches your inbox.
+
+A simple test (to do on a test repository, do not use in production as
+it would disable email sending): change your post-receive hook to call
+`git_multimail.py` with the `--stdout` option, and try to push to the
+repository. You should see something like::
+
+  Counting objects: 3, done.
+  Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 263 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
+  Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
+  remote: Sending notification emails to: foo.bar@example.com
+  remote: ===========================================================================
+  remote: Date: Mon, 25 Apr 2016 18:39:59 +0200
+  remote: To: foo.bar@example.com
+  remote: Subject: [git] branch master updated: foo
+  remote: MIME-Version: 1.0
+  remote: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
+  remote: Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+  remote: Message-ID: <20160425163959.2311.20498@anie>
+  remote: From: Auth Or <Foo.Bar@example.com>
+  remote: Reply-To: Auth Or <Foo.Bar@example.com>
+  remote: X-Git-Host: example
+  ...
+  remote: --
+  remote: To stop receiving notification emails like this one, please contact
+  remote: the administrator of this repository.
+  remote: ===========================================================================
+  To /path/to/repo
+     6278f04..e173f20  master -> master
+
+Note: this does not include the sender (Return-Path: header), as it is
+not part of the message content but passed to the mailer. Some mailer
+show the ``Sender:`` field instead of the ``From:`` field (for
+example, Zimbra Webmail shows ``From: <sender-field> on behalf of
+<from-field>``).
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py b/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..54ab4a4942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3932 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+
+__version__ = '1.3.1'
+
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Matthieu Moy and others
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Michael Haggerty and others
+# Derived from contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, which is
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
+# and also includes contributions by other authors.
+#
+# This file is part of git-multimail.
+#
+# git-multimail is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version
+# 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see
+# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Generate notification emails for pushes to a git repository.
+
+This hook sends emails describing changes introduced by pushes to a
+git repository.  For each reference that was changed, it emits one
+ReferenceChange email summarizing how the reference was changed,
+followed by one Revision email for each new commit that was introduced
+by the reference change.
+
+Each commit is announced in exactly one Revision email.  If the same
+commit is merged into another branch in the same or a later push, then
+the ReferenceChange email will list the commit's SHA1 and its one-line
+summary, but no new Revision email will be generated.
+
+This script is designed to be used as a "post-receive" hook in a git
+repository (see githooks(5)).  It can also be used as an "update"
+script, but this usage is not completely reliable and is deprecated.
+
+To help with debugging, this script accepts a --stdout option, which
+causes the emails to be written to standard output rather than sent
+using sendmail.
+
+See the accompanying README file for the complete documentation.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+import bisect
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import shlex
+import optparse
+import smtplib
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    # Python < 2.6 do not have ssl, but that's OK if we don't use it.
+    pass
+import time
+import cgi
+
+PYTHON3 = sys.version_info >= (3, 0)
+
+if sys.version_info <= (2, 5):
+    def all(iterable):
+        for element in iterable:
+            if not element:
+                return False
+            return True
+
+
+def is_ascii(s):
+    return all(ord(c) < 128 and ord(c) > 0 for c in s)
+
+
+if PYTHON3:
+    def is_string(s):
+        return isinstance(s, str)
+
+    def str_to_bytes(s):
+        return s.encode(ENCODING)
+
+    def bytes_to_str(s):
+        return s.decode(ENCODING)
+
+    unicode = str
+
+    def write_str(f, msg):
+        # Try outputing with the default encoding. If it fails,
+        # try UTF-8.
+        try:
+            f.buffer.write(msg.encode(sys.getdefaultencoding()))
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            f.buffer.write(msg.encode(ENCODING))
+else:
+    def is_string(s):
+        try:
+            return isinstance(s, basestring)
+        except NameError:  # Silence Pyflakes warning
+            raise
+
+    def str_to_bytes(s):
+        return s
+
+    def bytes_to_str(s):
+        return s
+
+    def write_str(f, msg):
+        f.write(msg)
+
+    def next(it):
+        return it.next()
+
+
+try:
+    from email.charset import Charset
+    from email.utils import make_msgid
+    from email.utils import getaddresses
+    from email.utils import formataddr
+    from email.utils import formatdate
+    from email.header import Header
+except ImportError:
+    # Prior to Python 2.5, the email module used different names:
+    from email.Charset import Charset
+    from email.Utils import make_msgid
+    from email.Utils import getaddresses
+    from email.Utils import formataddr
+    from email.Utils import formatdate
+    from email.Header import Header
+
+
+DEBUG = False
+
+ZEROS = '0' * 40
+LOGBEGIN = '- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------\n'
+LOGEND = '-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n'
+
+ADDR_HEADERS = set(['from', 'to', 'cc', 'bcc', 'reply-to', 'sender'])
+
+# It is assumed in many places that the encoding is uniformly UTF-8,
+# so changing these constants is unsupported.  But define them here
+# anyway, to make it easier to find (at least most of) the places
+# where the encoding is important.
+(ENCODING, CHARSET) = ('UTF-8', 'utf-8')
+
+
+REF_CREATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s created'
+    ' (now %(newrev_short)s)'
+    )
+REF_UPDATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s updated'
+    ' (%(oldrev_short)s -> %(newrev_short)s)'
+    )
+REF_DELETED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s deleted'
+    ' (was %(oldrev_short)s)'
+    )
+
+COMBINED_REFCHANGE_REVISION_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s updated: %(oneline)s'
+    )
+
+REFCHANGE_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+Date: %(send_date)s
+To: %(recipients)s
+Subject: %(subject)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/%(contenttype)s; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Message-ID: %(msgid)s
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+X-Git-Host: %(fqdn)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Oldrev: %(oldrev)s
+X-Git-Newrev: %(newrev)s
+X-Git-NotificationType: ref_changed
+X-Git-Multimail-Version: %(multimail_version)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+REFCHANGE_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a change to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+
+FOOTER_TEMPLATE = """\
+
+-- \n\
+To stop receiving notification emails like this one, please contact
+%(administrator)s.
+"""
+
+
+REWIND_ONLY_TEMPLATE = """\
+This update removed existing revisions from the reference, leaving the
+reference pointing at a previous point in the repository history.
+
+ * -- * -- N   %(refname)s (%(newrev_short)s)
+            \\
+             O -- O -- O   (%(oldrev_short)s)
+
+Any revisions marked "omits" are not gone; other references still
+refer to them.  Any revisions marked "discards" are gone forever.
+"""
+
+
+NON_FF_TEMPLATE = """\
+This update added new revisions after undoing existing revisions.
+That is to say, some revisions that were in the old version of the
+%(refname_type)s are not in the new version.  This situation occurs
+when a user --force pushes a change and generates a repository
+containing something like this:
+
+ * -- * -- B -- O -- O -- O   (%(oldrev_short)s)
+            \\
+             N -- N -- N   %(refname)s (%(newrev_short)s)
+
+You should already have received notification emails for all of the O
+revisions, and so the following emails describe only the N revisions
+from the common base, B.
+
+Any revisions marked "omits" are not gone; other references still
+refer to them.  Any revisions marked "discards" are gone forever.
+"""
+
+
+NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+No new revisions were added by this update.
+"""
+
+
+DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+This change permanently discards the following revisions:
+"""
+
+
+NO_DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+The revisions that were on this %(refname_type)s are still contained in
+other references; therefore, this change does not discard any commits
+from the repository.
+"""
+
+
+NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+The %(tot)s revisions listed above as "new" are entirely new to this
+repository and will be described in separate emails.  The revisions
+listed as "adds" were already present in the repository and have only
+been added to this reference.
+
+"""
+
+
+TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE = """\
+        at  %(newrev_short)-9s (%(newrev_type)s)
+"""
+
+
+TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE = """\
+*** WARNING: tag %(short_refname)s was modified! ***
+
+      from  %(oldrev_short)-9s (%(oldrev_type)s)
+        to  %(newrev_short)-9s (%(newrev_type)s)
+"""
+
+
+TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE = """\
+*** WARNING: tag %(short_refname)s was deleted! ***
+
+"""
+
+
+# The template used in summary tables.  It looks best if this uses the
+# same alignment as TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE and TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE.
+BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE = """\
+%(action)10s  %(rev_short)-9s %(text)s
+"""
+
+
+NON_COMMIT_UPDATE_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an unusual reference change because the reference did not
+refer to a commit either before or after the change.  We do not know
+how to provide full information about this reference change.
+"""
+
+
+REVISION_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+Date: %(send_date)s
+To: %(recipients)s
+Cc: %(cc_recipients)s
+Subject: %(emailprefix)s%(num)02d/%(tot)02d: %(oneline)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/%(contenttype)s; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+In-Reply-To: %(reply_to_msgid)s
+References: %(reply_to_msgid)s
+X-Git-Host: %(fqdn)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Rev: %(rev)s
+X-Git-NotificationType: diff
+X-Git-Multimail-Version: %(multimail_version)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a commit to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+LINK_TEXT_TEMPLATE = """\
+View the commit online:
+%(browse_url)s
+
+"""
+
+LINK_HTML_TEMPLATE = """\
+<p><a href="%(browse_url)s">View the commit online</a>.</p>
+"""
+
+
+REVISION_FOOTER_TEMPLATE = FOOTER_TEMPLATE
+
+
+# Combined, meaning refchange+revision email (for single-commit additions)
+COMBINED_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+Date: %(send_date)s
+To: %(recipients)s
+Subject: %(subject)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/%(contenttype)s; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Message-ID: %(msgid)s
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+X-Git-Host: %(fqdn)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Oldrev: %(oldrev)s
+X-Git-Newrev: %(newrev)s
+X-Git-Rev: %(rev)s
+X-Git-NotificationType: ref_changed_plus_diff
+X-Git-Multimail-Version: %(multimail_version)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+COMBINED_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a commit to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+COMBINED_FOOTER_TEMPLATE = FOOTER_TEMPLATE
+
+
+class CommandError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, cmd, retcode):
+        self.cmd = cmd
+        self.retcode = retcode
+        Exception.__init__(
+            self,
+            'Command "%s" failed with retcode %s' % (' '.join(cmd), retcode,)
+            )
+
+
+class ConfigurationException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# The "git" program (this could be changed to include a full path):
+GIT_EXECUTABLE = 'git'
+
+
+# How "git" should be invoked (including global arguments), as a list
+# of words.  This variable is usually initialized automatically by
+# read_git_output() via choose_git_command(), but if a value is set
+# here then it will be used unconditionally.
+GIT_CMD = None
+
+
+def choose_git_command():
+    """Decide how to invoke git, and record the choice in GIT_CMD."""
+
+    global GIT_CMD
+
+    if GIT_CMD is None:
+        try:
+            # Check to see whether the "-c" option is accepted (it was
+            # only added in Git 1.7.2).  We don't actually use the
+            # output of "git --version", though if we needed more
+            # specific version information this would be the place to
+            # do it.
+            cmd = [GIT_EXECUTABLE, '-c', 'foo.bar=baz', '--version']
+            read_output(cmd)
+            GIT_CMD = [GIT_EXECUTABLE, '-c', 'i18n.logoutputencoding=%s' % (ENCODING,)]
+        except CommandError:
+            GIT_CMD = [GIT_EXECUTABLE]
+
+
+def read_git_output(args, input=None, keepends=False, **kw):
+    """Read the output of a Git command."""
+
+    if GIT_CMD is None:
+        choose_git_command()
+
+    return read_output(GIT_CMD + args, input=input, keepends=keepends, **kw)
+
+
+def read_output(cmd, input=None, keepends=False, **kw):
+    if input:
+        stdin = subprocess.PIPE
+        input = str_to_bytes(input)
+    else:
+        stdin = None
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        cmd, stdin=stdin, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, **kw
+        )
+    (out, err) = p.communicate(input)
+    out = bytes_to_str(out)
+    retcode = p.wait()
+    if retcode:
+        raise CommandError(cmd, retcode)
+    if not keepends:
+        out = out.rstrip('\n\r')
+    return out
+
+
+def read_git_lines(args, keepends=False, **kw):
+    """Return the lines output by Git command.
+
+    Return as single lines, with newlines stripped off."""
+
+    return read_git_output(args, keepends=True, **kw).splitlines(keepends)
+
+
+def git_rev_list_ish(cmd, spec, args=None, **kw):
+    """Common functionality for invoking a 'git rev-list'-like command.
+
+    Parameters:
+      * cmd is the Git command to run, e.g., 'rev-list' or 'log'.
+      * spec is a list of revision arguments to pass to the named
+        command.  If None, this function returns an empty list.
+      * args is a list of extra arguments passed to the named command.
+      * All other keyword arguments (if any) are passed to the
+        underlying read_git_lines() function.
+
+    Return the output of the Git command in the form of a list, one
+    entry per output line.
+    """
+    if spec is None:
+        return []
+    if args is None:
+        args = []
+    args = [cmd, '--stdin'] + args
+    spec_stdin = ''.join(s + '\n' for s in spec)
+    return read_git_lines(args, input=spec_stdin, **kw)
+
+
+def git_rev_list(spec, **kw):
+    """Run 'git rev-list' with the given list of revision arguments.
+
+    See git_rev_list_ish() for parameter and return value
+    documentation.
+    """
+    return git_rev_list_ish('rev-list', spec, **kw)
+
+
+def git_log(spec, **kw):
+    """Run 'git log' with the given list of revision arguments.
+
+    See git_rev_list_ish() for parameter and return value
+    documentation.
+    """
+    return git_rev_list_ish('log', spec, **kw)
+
+
+def header_encode(text, header_name=None):
+    """Encode and line-wrap the value of an email header field."""
+
+    # Convert to unicode, if required.
+    if not isinstance(text, unicode):
+        text = unicode(text, 'utf-8')
+
+    if is_ascii(text):
+        charset = 'ascii'
+    else:
+        charset = 'utf-8'
+
+    return Header(text, header_name=header_name, charset=Charset(charset)).encode()
+
+
+def addr_header_encode(text, header_name=None):
+    """Encode and line-wrap the value of an email header field containing
+    email addresses."""
+
+    # Convert to unicode, if required.
+    if not isinstance(text, unicode):
+        text = unicode(text, 'utf-8')
+
+    text = ', '.join(
+        formataddr((header_encode(name), emailaddr))
+        for name, emailaddr in getaddresses([text])
+        )
+
+    if is_ascii(text):
+        charset = 'ascii'
+    else:
+        charset = 'utf-8'
+
+    return Header(text, header_name=header_name, charset=Charset(charset)).encode()
+
+
+class Config(object):
+    def __init__(self, section, git_config=None):
+        """Represent a section of the git configuration.
+
+        If git_config is specified, it is passed to "git config" in
+        the GIT_CONFIG environment variable, meaning that "git config"
+        will read the specified path rather than the Git default
+        config paths."""
+
+        self.section = section
+        if git_config:
+            self.env = os.environ.copy()
+            self.env['GIT_CONFIG'] = git_config
+        else:
+            self.env = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _split(s):
+        """Split NUL-terminated values."""
+
+        words = s.split('\0')
+        assert words[-1] == ''
+        return words[:-1]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def add_config_parameters(c):
+        """Add configuration parameters to Git.
+
+        c is either an str or a list of str, each element being of the
+        form 'var=val' or 'var', with the same syntax and meaning as
+        the argument of 'git -c var=val'.
+        """
+        if isinstance(c, str):
+            c = (c,)
+        parameters = os.environ.get('GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS', '')
+        if parameters:
+            parameters += ' '
+        # git expects GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS to be of the form
+        #    "'name1=value1' 'name2=value2' 'name3=value3'"
+        # including everything inside the double quotes (but not the double
+        # quotes themselves).  Spacing is critical.  Also, if a value contains
+        # a literal single quote that quote must be represented using the
+        # four character sequence: '\''
+        parameters += ' '.join("'" + x.replace("'", "'\\''") + "'" for x in c)
+        os.environ['GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS'] = parameters
+
+    def get(self, name, default=None):
+        try:
+            values = self._split(read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get', '--null', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env, keepends=True,
+                ))
+            assert len(values) == 1
+            return values[0]
+        except CommandError:
+            return default
+
+    def get_bool(self, name, default=None):
+        try:
+            value = read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get', '--bool', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env,
+                )
+        except CommandError:
+            return default
+        return value == 'true'
+
+    def get_all(self, name, default=None):
+        """Read a (possibly multivalued) setting from the configuration.
+
+        Return the result as a list of values, or default if the name
+        is unset."""
+
+        try:
+            return self._split(read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get-all', '--null', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env, keepends=True,
+                ))
+        except CommandError:
+            t, e, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+            if e.retcode == 1:
+                # "the section or key is invalid"; i.e., there is no
+                # value for the specified key.
+                return default
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def set(self, name, value):
+        read_git_output(
+            ['config', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name), value],
+            env=self.env,
+            )
+
+    def add(self, name, value):
+        read_git_output(
+            ['config', '--add', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name), value],
+            env=self.env,
+            )
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        return self.get_all(name, default=None) is not None
+
+    # We don't use this method anymore internally, but keep it here in
+    # case somebody is calling it from their own code:
+    def has_key(self, name):
+        return name in self
+
+    def unset_all(self, name):
+        try:
+            read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--unset-all', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env,
+                )
+        except CommandError:
+            t, e, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+            if e.retcode == 5:
+                # The name doesn't exist, which is what we wanted anyway...
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def set_recipients(self, name, value):
+        self.unset_all(name)
+        for pair in getaddresses([value]):
+            self.add(name, formataddr(pair))
+
+
+def generate_summaries(*log_args):
+    """Generate a brief summary for each revision requested.
+
+    log_args are strings that will be passed directly to "git log" as
+    revision selectors.  Iterate over (sha1_short, subject) for each
+    commit specified by log_args (subject is the first line of the
+    commit message as a string without EOLs)."""
+
+    cmd = [
+        'log', '--abbrev', '--format=%h %s',
+        ] + list(log_args) + ['--']
+    for line in read_git_lines(cmd):
+        yield tuple(line.split(' ', 1))
+
+
+def limit_lines(lines, max_lines):
+    for (index, line) in enumerate(lines):
+        if index < max_lines:
+            yield line
+
+    if index >= max_lines:
+        yield '... %d lines suppressed ...\n' % (index + 1 - max_lines,)
+
+
+def limit_linelength(lines, max_linelength):
+    for line in lines:
+        # Don't forget that lines always include a trailing newline.
+        if len(line) > max_linelength + 1:
+            line = line[:max_linelength - 7] + ' [...]\n'
+        yield line
+
+
+class CommitSet(object):
+    """A (constant) set of object names.
+
+    The set should be initialized with full SHA1 object names.  The
+    __contains__() method returns True iff its argument is an
+    abbreviation of any the names in the set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, names):
+        self._names = sorted(names)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._names)
+
+    def __contains__(self, sha1_abbrev):
+        """Return True iff this set contains sha1_abbrev (which might be abbreviated)."""
+
+        i = bisect.bisect_left(self._names, sha1_abbrev)
+        return i < len(self) and self._names[i].startswith(sha1_abbrev)
+
+
+class GitObject(object):
+    def __init__(self, sha1, type=None):
+        if sha1 == ZEROS:
+            self.sha1 = self.type = self.commit_sha1 = None
+        else:
+            self.sha1 = sha1
+            self.type = type or read_git_output(['cat-file', '-t', self.sha1])
+
+            if self.type == 'commit':
+                self.commit_sha1 = self.sha1
+            elif self.type == 'tag':
+                try:
+                    self.commit_sha1 = read_git_output(
+                        ['rev-parse', '--verify', '%s^0' % (self.sha1,)]
+                        )
+                except CommandError:
+                    # Cannot deref tag to determine commit_sha1
+                    self.commit_sha1 = None
+            else:
+                self.commit_sha1 = None
+
+        self.short = read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--short', sha1])
+
+    def get_summary(self):
+        """Return (sha1_short, subject) for this commit."""
+
+        if not self.sha1:
+            raise ValueError('Empty commit has no summary')
+
+        return next(iter(generate_summaries('--no-walk', self.sha1)))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, GitObject) and self.sha1 == other.sha1
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.sha1)
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return bool(self.sha1)
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        """Python 2 backward compatibility"""
+        return self.__nonzero__()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.sha1 or ZEROS
+
+
+class Change(object):
+    """A Change that has been made to the Git repository.
+
+    Abstract class from which both Revisions and ReferenceChanges are
+    derived.  A Change knows how to generate a notification email
+    describing itself."""
+
+    def __init__(self, environment):
+        self.environment = environment
+        self._values = None
+        self._contains_html_diff = False
+
+    def _contains_diff(self):
+        # We do contain a diff, should it be rendered in HTML?
+        if self.environment.commit_email_format == "html":
+            self._contains_html_diff = True
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword: expansion} for this Change.
+
+        Derived classes overload this method to add more entries to
+        the return value.  This method is used internally by
+        get_values().  The return value should always be a new
+        dictionary."""
+
+        values = self.environment.get_values()
+        fromaddr = self.environment.get_fromaddr(change=self)
+        if fromaddr is not None:
+            values['fromaddr'] = fromaddr
+        values['multimail_version'] = get_version()
+        return values
+
+    # Aliases usable in template strings. Tuple of pairs (destination,
+    # source).
+    VALUES_ALIAS = (
+        ("id", "newrev"),
+        )
+
+    def get_values(self, **extra_values):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword: expansion} for this Change.
+
+        Return a dictionary mapping keywords to the values that they
+        should be expanded to for this Change (used when interpolating
+        template strings).  If any keyword arguments are supplied, add
+        those to the return value as well.  The return value is always
+        a new dictionary."""
+
+        if self._values is None:
+            self._values = self._compute_values()
+
+        values = self._values.copy()
+        if extra_values:
+            values.update(extra_values)
+
+        for alias, val in self.VALUES_ALIAS:
+            values[alias] = values[val]
+        return values
+
+    def expand(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Expand template.
+
+        Expand the template (which should be a string) using string
+        interpolation of the values for this Change.  If any keyword
+        arguments are provided, also include those in the keywords
+        available for interpolation."""
+
+        return template % self.get_values(**extra_values)
+
+    def expand_lines(self, template, html_escape_val=False, **extra_values):
+        """Break template into lines and expand each line."""
+
+        values = self.get_values(**extra_values)
+        if html_escape_val:
+            for k in values:
+                if is_string(values[k]):
+                    values[k] = cgi.escape(values[k], True)
+        for line in template.splitlines(True):
+            yield line % values
+
+    def expand_header_lines(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Break template into lines and expand each line as an RFC 2822 header.
+
+        Encode values and split up lines that are too long.  Silently
+        skip lines that contain references to unknown variables."""
+
+        values = self.get_values(**extra_values)
+        if self._contains_html_diff:
+            self._content_type = 'html'
+        else:
+            self._content_type = 'plain'
+        values['contenttype'] = self._content_type
+
+        for line in template.splitlines():
+            (name, value) = line.split(': ', 1)
+
+            try:
+                value = value % values
+            except KeyError:
+                t, e, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+                if DEBUG:
+                    self.environment.log_warning(
+                        'Warning: unknown variable %r in the following line; line skipped:\n'
+                        '    %s\n'
+                        % (e.args[0], line,)
+                        )
+            else:
+                if name.lower() in ADDR_HEADERS:
+                    value = addr_header_encode(value, name)
+                else:
+                    value = header_encode(value, name)
+                for splitline in ('%s: %s\n' % (name, value)).splitlines(True):
+                    yield splitline
+
+    def generate_email_header(self):
+        """Generate the RFC 2822 email headers for this Change, a line at a time.
+
+        The output should not include the trailing blank line."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_browse_link(self, base_url):
+        """Generate a link to an online repository browser."""
+        return iter(())
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self, html_escape_val=False):
+        """Generate the email intro for this Change, a line at a time.
+
+        The output will be used as the standard boilerplate at the top
+        of the email body."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_body(self):
+        """Generate the main part of the email body, a line at a time.
+
+        The text in the body might be truncated after a specified
+        number of lines (see multimailhook.emailmaxlines)."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self, html_escape_val):
+        """Generate the footer of the email, a line at a time.
+
+        The footer is always included, irrespective of
+        multimailhook.emailmaxlines."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _wrap_for_html(self, lines):
+        """Wrap the lines in HTML <pre> tag when using HTML format.
+
+        Escape special HTML characters and add <pre> and </pre> tags around
+        the given lines if we should be generating HTML as indicated by
+        self._contains_html_diff being set to true.
+        """
+        if self._contains_html_diff:
+            yield "<pre style='margin:0'>\n"
+
+            for line in lines:
+                yield cgi.escape(line)
+
+            yield '</pre>\n'
+        else:
+            for line in lines:
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_email(self, push, body_filter=None, extra_header_values={}):
+        """Generate an email describing this change.
+
+        Iterate over the lines (including the header lines) of an
+        email describing this change.  If body_filter is not None,
+        then use it to filter the lines that are intended for the
+        email body.
+
+        The extra_header_values field is received as a dict and not as
+        **kwargs, to allow passing other keyword arguments in the
+        future (e.g. passing extra values to generate_email_intro()"""
+
+        for line in self.generate_email_header(**extra_header_values):
+            yield line
+        yield '\n'
+        html_escape_val = (self.environment.html_in_intro and
+                           self._contains_html_diff)
+        intro = self.generate_email_intro(html_escape_val)
+        if not self.environment.html_in_intro:
+            intro = self._wrap_for_html(intro)
+        for line in intro:
+            yield line
+
+        if self.environment.commitBrowseURL:
+            for line in self.generate_browse_link(self.environment.commitBrowseURL):
+                yield line
+
+        body = self.generate_email_body(push)
+        if body_filter is not None:
+            body = body_filter(body)
+
+        diff_started = False
+        if self._contains_html_diff:
+            # "white-space: pre" is the default, but we need to
+            # specify it again in case the message is viewed in a
+            # webmail which wraps it in an element setting white-space
+            # to something else (Zimbra does this and sets
+            # white-space: pre-line).
+            yield '<pre style="white-space: pre; background: #F8F8F8">'
+        for line in body:
+            if self._contains_html_diff:
+                # This is very, very naive. It would be much better to really
+                # parse the diff, i.e. look at how many lines do we have in
+                # the hunk headers instead of blindly highlighting everything
+                # that looks like it might be part of a diff.
+                bgcolor = ''
+                fgcolor = ''
+                if line.startswith('--- a/'):
+                    diff_started = True
+                    bgcolor = 'e0e0ff'
+                elif line.startswith('diff ') or line.startswith('index '):
+                    diff_started = True
+                    fgcolor = '808080'
+                elif diff_started:
+                    if line.startswith('+++ '):
+                        bgcolor = 'e0e0ff'
+                    elif line.startswith('@@'):
+                        bgcolor = 'e0e0e0'
+                    elif line.startswith('+'):
+                        bgcolor = 'e0ffe0'
+                    elif line.startswith('-'):
+                        bgcolor = 'ffe0e0'
+                elif line.startswith('commit '):
+                    fgcolor = '808000'
+                elif line.startswith('    '):
+                    fgcolor = '404040'
+
+                # Chop the trailing LF, we don't want it inside <pre>.
+                line = cgi.escape(line[:-1])
+
+                if bgcolor or fgcolor:
+                    style = 'display:block; white-space:pre;'
+                    if bgcolor:
+                        style += 'background:#' + bgcolor + ';'
+                    if fgcolor:
+                        style += 'color:#' + fgcolor + ';'
+                    # Use a <span style='display:block> to color the
+                    # whole line. The newline must be inside the span
+                    # to display properly both in Firefox and in
+                    # text-based browser.
+                    line = "<span style='%s'>%s\n</span>" % (style, line)
+                else:
+                    line = line + '\n'
+
+            yield line
+        if self._contains_html_diff:
+            yield '</pre>'
+        html_escape_val = (self.environment.html_in_footer and
+                           self._contains_html_diff)
+        footer = self.generate_email_footer(html_escape_val)
+        if not self.environment.html_in_footer:
+            footer = self._wrap_for_html(footer)
+        for line in footer:
+            yield line
+
+    def get_alt_fromaddr(self):
+        return None
+
+
+class Revision(Change):
+    """A Change consisting of a single git commit."""
+
+    CC_RE = re.compile(r'^\s*C[Cc]:\s*(?P<to>[^#]+@[^\s#]*)\s*(#.*)?$')
+
+    def __init__(self, reference_change, rev, num, tot):
+        Change.__init__(self, reference_change.environment)
+        self.reference_change = reference_change
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.change_type = self.reference_change.change_type
+        self.refname = self.reference_change.refname
+        self.num = num
+        self.tot = tot
+        self.author = read_git_output(['log', '--no-walk', '--format=%aN <%aE>', self.rev.sha1])
+        self.recipients = self.environment.get_revision_recipients(self)
+
+        self.cc_recipients = ''
+        if self.environment.get_scancommitforcc():
+            self.cc_recipients = ', '.join(to.strip() for to in self._cc_recipients())
+            if self.cc_recipients:
+                self.environment.log_msg(
+                    'Add %s to CC for %s\n' % (self.cc_recipients, self.rev.sha1))
+
+    def _cc_recipients(self):
+        cc_recipients = []
+        message = read_git_output(['log', '--no-walk', '--format=%b', self.rev.sha1])
+        lines = message.strip().split('\n')
+        for line in lines:
+            m = re.match(self.CC_RE, line)
+            if m:
+                cc_recipients.append(m.group('to'))
+
+        return cc_recipients
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        values = Change._compute_values(self)
+
+        oneline = read_git_output(
+            ['log', '--format=%s', '--no-walk', self.rev.sha1]
+            )
+
+        values['rev'] = self.rev.sha1
+        values['rev_short'] = self.rev.short
+        values['change_type'] = self.change_type
+        values['refname'] = self.refname
+        values['newrev'] = self.rev.sha1
+        values['short_refname'] = self.reference_change.short_refname
+        values['refname_type'] = self.reference_change.refname_type
+        values['reply_to_msgid'] = self.reference_change.msgid
+        values['num'] = self.num
+        values['tot'] = self.tot
+        values['recipients'] = self.recipients
+        if self.cc_recipients:
+            values['cc_recipients'] = self.cc_recipients
+        values['oneline'] = oneline
+        values['author'] = self.author
+
+        reply_to = self.environment.get_reply_to_commit(self)
+        if reply_to:
+            values['reply_to'] = reply_to
+
+        return values
+
+    def generate_email_header(self, **extra_values):
+        for line in self.expand_header_lines(
+                REVISION_HEADER_TEMPLATE, **extra_values
+                ):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_browse_link(self, base_url):
+        if '%(' not in base_url:
+            base_url += '%(id)s'
+        url = "".join(self.expand_lines(base_url))
+        if self._content_type == 'html':
+            for line in self.expand_lines(LINK_HTML_TEMPLATE,
+                                          html_escape_val=True,
+                                          browse_url=url):
+                yield line
+        elif self._content_type == 'plain':
+            for line in self.expand_lines(LINK_TEXT_TEMPLATE,
+                                          html_escape_val=False,
+                                          browse_url=url):
+                yield line
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Content-type %s unsupported. Please report it as a bug.")
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self, html_escape_val=False):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE,
+                                      html_escape_val=html_escape_val):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        """Show this revision."""
+
+        for line in read_git_lines(
+                ['log'] + self.environment.commitlogopts + ['-1', self.rev.sha1],
+                keepends=True,
+                ):
+            if line.startswith('Date:   ') and self.environment.date_substitute:
+                yield self.environment.date_substitute + line[len('Date:   '):]
+            else:
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self, html_escape_val):
+        return self.expand_lines(REVISION_FOOTER_TEMPLATE,
+                                 html_escape_val=html_escape_val)
+
+    def generate_email(self, push, body_filter=None, extra_header_values={}):
+        self._contains_diff()
+        return Change.generate_email(self, push, body_filter, extra_header_values)
+
+    def get_alt_fromaddr(self):
+        return self.environment.from_commit
+
+
+class ReferenceChange(Change):
+    """A Change to a Git reference.
+
+    An abstract class representing a create, update, or delete of a
+    Git reference.  Derived classes handle specific types of reference
+    (e.g., tags vs. branches).  These classes generate the main
+    reference change email summarizing the reference change and
+    whether it caused any any commits to be added or removed.
+
+    ReferenceChange objects are usually created using the static
+    create() method, which has the logic to decide which derived class
+    to instantiate."""
+
+    REF_RE = re.compile(r'^refs\/(?P<area>[^\/]+)\/(?P<shortname>.*)$')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(environment, oldrev, newrev, refname):
+        """Return a ReferenceChange object representing the change.
+
+        Return an object that represents the type of change that is being
+        made. oldrev and newrev should be SHA1s or ZEROS."""
+
+        old = GitObject(oldrev)
+        new = GitObject(newrev)
+        rev = new or old
+
+        # The revision type tells us what type the commit is, combined with
+        # the location of the ref we can decide between
+        #  - working branch
+        #  - tracking branch
+        #  - unannotated tag
+        #  - annotated tag
+        m = ReferenceChange.REF_RE.match(refname)
+        if m:
+            area = m.group('area')
+            short_refname = m.group('shortname')
+        else:
+            area = ''
+            short_refname = refname
+
+        if rev.type == 'tag':
+            # Annotated tag:
+            klass = AnnotatedTagChange
+        elif rev.type == 'commit':
+            if area == 'tags':
+                # Non-annotated tag:
+                klass = NonAnnotatedTagChange
+            elif area == 'heads':
+                # Branch:
+                klass = BranchChange
+            elif area == 'remotes':
+                # Tracking branch:
+                environment.log_warning(
+                    '*** Push-update of tracking branch %r\n'
+                    '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                    % (refname,)
+                    )
+                klass = OtherReferenceChange
+            else:
+                # Some other reference namespace:
+                environment.log_warning(
+                    '*** Push-update of strange reference %r\n'
+                    '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                    % (refname,)
+                    )
+                klass = OtherReferenceChange
+        else:
+            # Anything else (is there anything else?)
+            environment.log_warning(
+                '*** Unknown type of update to %r (%s)\n'
+                '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                % (refname, rev.type,)
+                )
+            klass = OtherReferenceChange
+
+        return klass(
+            environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        Change.__init__(self, environment)
+        self.change_type = {
+            (False, True): 'create',
+            (True, True): 'update',
+            (True, False): 'delete',
+            }[bool(old), bool(new)]
+        self.refname = refname
+        self.short_refname = short_refname
+        self.old = old
+        self.new = new
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.msgid = make_msgid()
+        self.diffopts = environment.diffopts
+        self.graphopts = environment.graphopts
+        self.logopts = environment.logopts
+        self.commitlogopts = environment.commitlogopts
+        self.showgraph = environment.refchange_showgraph
+        self.showlog = environment.refchange_showlog
+
+        self.header_template = REFCHANGE_HEADER_TEMPLATE
+        self.intro_template = REFCHANGE_INTRO_TEMPLATE
+        self.footer_template = FOOTER_TEMPLATE
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        values = Change._compute_values(self)
+
+        values['change_type'] = self.change_type
+        values['refname_type'] = self.refname_type
+        values['refname'] = self.refname
+        values['short_refname'] = self.short_refname
+        values['msgid'] = self.msgid
+        values['recipients'] = self.recipients
+        values['oldrev'] = str(self.old)
+        values['oldrev_short'] = self.old.short
+        values['newrev'] = str(self.new)
+        values['newrev_short'] = self.new.short
+
+        if self.old:
+            values['oldrev_type'] = self.old.type
+        if self.new:
+            values['newrev_type'] = self.new.type
+
+        reply_to = self.environment.get_reply_to_refchange(self)
+        if reply_to:
+            values['reply_to'] = reply_to
+
+        return values
+
+    def send_single_combined_email(self, known_added_sha1s):
+        """Determine if a combined refchange/revision email should be sent
+
+        If there is only a single new (non-merge) commit added by a
+        change, it is useful to combine the ReferenceChange and
+        Revision emails into one.  In such a case, return the single
+        revision; otherwise, return None.
+
+        This method is overridden in BranchChange."""
+
+        return None
+
+    def generate_combined_email(self, push, revision, body_filter=None, extra_header_values={}):
+        """Generate an email describing this change AND specified revision.
+
+        Iterate over the lines (including the header lines) of an
+        email describing this change.  If body_filter is not None,
+        then use it to filter the lines that are intended for the
+        email body.
+
+        The extra_header_values field is received as a dict and not as
+        **kwargs, to allow passing other keyword arguments in the
+        future (e.g. passing extra values to generate_email_intro()
+
+        This method is overridden in BranchChange."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_subject(self):
+        template = {
+            'create': REF_CREATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            'update': REF_UPDATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            'delete': REF_DELETED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            }[self.change_type]
+        return self.expand(template)
+
+    def generate_email_header(self, **extra_values):
+        if 'subject' not in extra_values:
+            extra_values['subject'] = self.get_subject()
+
+        for line in self.expand_header_lines(
+                self.header_template, **extra_values
+                ):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self, html_escape_val=False):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(self.intro_template,
+                                      html_escape_val=html_escape_val):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        """Call the appropriate body-generation routine.
+
+        Call one of generate_create_summary() /
+        generate_update_summary() / generate_delete_summary()."""
+
+        change_summary = {
+            'create': self.generate_create_summary,
+            'delete': self.generate_delete_summary,
+            'update': self.generate_update_summary,
+            }[self.change_type](push)
+        for line in change_summary:
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.generate_revision_change_summary(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self, html_escape_val):
+        return self.expand_lines(self.footer_template,
+                                 html_escape_val=html_escape_val)
+
+    def generate_revision_change_graph(self, push):
+        if self.showgraph:
+            args = ['--graph'] + self.graphopts
+            for newold in ('new', 'old'):
+                has_newold = False
+                spec = push.get_commits_spec(newold, self)
+                for line in git_log(spec, args=args, keepends=True):
+                    if not has_newold:
+                        has_newold = True
+                        yield '\n'
+                        yield 'Graph of %s commits:\n\n' % (
+                            {'new': 'new', 'old': 'discarded'}[newold],)
+                    yield '  ' + line
+                if has_newold:
+                    yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_revision_change_log(self, new_commits_list):
+        if self.showlog:
+            yield '\n'
+            yield 'Detailed log of new commits:\n\n'
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                    ['log', '--no-walk'] +
+                    self.logopts +
+                    new_commits_list +
+                    ['--'],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    ):
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_new_revision_summary(self, tot, new_commits_list, push):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE, tot=tot):
+            yield line
+        for line in self.generate_revision_change_graph(push):
+            yield line
+        for line in self.generate_revision_change_log(new_commits_list):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_revision_change_summary(self, push):
+        """Generate a summary of the revisions added/removed by this change."""
+
+        if self.new.commit_sha1 and not self.old.commit_sha1:
+            # A new reference was created.  List the new revisions
+            # brought by the new reference (i.e., those revisions that
+            # were not in the repository before this reference
+            # change).
+            sha1s = list(push.get_new_commits(self))
+            sha1s.reverse()
+            tot = len(sha1s)
+            new_revisions = [
+                Revision(self, GitObject(sha1), num=i + 1, tot=tot)
+                for (i, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s)
+                ]
+
+            if new_revisions:
+                yield self.expand('This %(refname_type)s includes the following new commits:\n')
+                yield '\n'
+                for r in new_revisions:
+                    (sha1, subject) = r.rev.get_summary()
+                    yield r.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='new', text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.generate_new_revision_summary(
+                        tot, [r.rev.sha1 for r in new_revisions], push):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+        elif self.new.commit_sha1 and self.old.commit_sha1:
+            # A reference was changed to point at a different commit.
+            # List the revisions that were removed and/or added *from
+            # that reference* by this reference change, along with a
+            # diff between the trees for its old and new values.
+
+            # List of the revisions that were added to the branch by
+            # this update.  Note this list can include revisions that
+            # have already had notification emails; we want such
+            # revisions in the summary even though we will not send
+            # new notification emails for them.
+            adds = list(generate_summaries(
+                '--topo-order', '--reverse', '%s..%s'
+                % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)
+                ))
+
+            # List of the revisions that were removed from the branch
+            # by this update.  This will be empty except for
+            # non-fast-forward updates.
+            discards = list(generate_summaries(
+                '%s..%s' % (self.new.commit_sha1, self.old.commit_sha1,)
+                ))
+
+            if adds:
+                new_commits_list = push.get_new_commits(self)
+            else:
+                new_commits_list = []
+            new_commits = CommitSet(new_commits_list)
+
+            if discards:
+                discarded_commits = CommitSet(push.get_discarded_commits(self))
+            else:
+                discarded_commits = CommitSet([])
+
+            if discards and adds:
+                for (sha1, subject) in discards:
+                    if sha1 in discarded_commits:
+                        action = 'discards'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'omits'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+                    if sha1 in new_commits:
+                        action = 'new'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'adds'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NON_FF_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            elif discards:
+                for (sha1, subject) in discards:
+                    if sha1 in discarded_commits:
+                        action = 'discards'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'omits'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(REWIND_ONLY_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            elif adds:
+                (sha1, subject) = self.old.get_summary()
+                yield self.expand(
+                    BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='from',
+                    rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                    )
+                for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+                    if sha1 in new_commits:
+                        action = 'new'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'adds'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+
+            yield '\n'
+
+            if new_commits:
+                for line in self.generate_new_revision_summary(
+                        len(new_commits), new_commits_list, push):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+                for line in self.generate_revision_change_graph(push):
+                    yield line
+
+            # The diffstat is shown from the old revision to the new
+            # revision.  This is to show the truth of what happened in
+            # this change.  There's no point showing the stat from the
+            # base to the new revision because the base is effectively a
+            # random revision at this point - the user will be interested
+            # in what this revision changed - including the undoing of
+            # previous revisions in the case of non-fast-forward updates.
+            yield '\n'
+            yield 'Summary of changes:\n'
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                    ['diff-tree'] +
+                    self.diffopts +
+                    ['%s..%s' % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    ):
+                yield line
+
+        elif self.old.commit_sha1 and not self.new.commit_sha1:
+            # A reference was deleted.  List the revisions that were
+            # removed from the repository by this reference change.
+
+            sha1s = list(push.get_discarded_commits(self))
+            tot = len(sha1s)
+            discarded_revisions = [
+                Revision(self, GitObject(sha1), num=i + 1, tot=tot)
+                for (i, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s)
+                ]
+
+            if discarded_revisions:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+                yield '\n'
+                for r in discarded_revisions:
+                    (sha1, subject) = r.rev.get_summary()
+                    yield r.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='discards', text=subject,
+                        )
+                for line in self.generate_revision_change_graph(push):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+        elif not self.old.commit_sha1 and not self.new.commit_sha1:
+            for line in self.expand_lines(NON_COMMIT_UPDATE_TEMPLATE):
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of a reference."""
+
+        # This is a new reference and so oldrev is not valid
+        (sha1, subject) = self.new.get_summary()
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='at',
+            rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+            )
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the change of a pre-existing branch."""
+
+        return iter([])
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the deletion of any type of reference."""
+
+        (sha1, subject) = self.old.get_summary()
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='was',
+            rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+            )
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def get_alt_fromaddr(self):
+        return self.environment.from_refchange
+
+
+class BranchChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'branch'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+        self._single_revision = None
+
+    def send_single_combined_email(self, known_added_sha1s):
+        if not self.environment.combine_when_single_commit:
+            return None
+
+        # In the sadly-all-too-frequent usecase of people pushing only
+        # one of their commits at a time to a repository, users feel
+        # the reference change summary emails are noise rather than
+        # important signal.  This is because, in this particular
+        # usecase, there is a reference change summary email for each
+        # new commit, and all these summaries do is point out that
+        # there is one new commit (which can readily be inferred by
+        # the existence of the individual revision email that is also
+        # sent).  In such cases, our users prefer there to be a combined
+        # reference change summary/new revision email.
+        #
+        # So, if the change is an update and it doesn't discard any
+        # commits, and it adds exactly one non-merge commit (gerrit
+        # forces a workflow where every commit is individually merged
+        # and the git-multimail hook fired off for just this one
+        # change), then we send a combined refchange/revision email.
+        try:
+            # If this change is a reference update that doesn't discard
+            # any commits...
+            if self.change_type != 'update':
+                return None
+
+            if read_git_lines(
+                    ['merge-base', self.old.sha1, self.new.sha1]
+                    ) != [self.old.sha1]:
+                return None
+
+            # Check if this update introduced exactly one non-merge
+            # commit:
+
+            def split_line(line):
+                """Split line into (sha1, [parent,...])."""
+
+                words = line.split()
+                return (words[0], words[1:])
+
+            # Get the new commits introduced by the push as a list of
+            # (sha1, [parent,...])
+            new_commits = [
+                split_line(line)
+                for line in read_git_lines(
+                    [
+                        'log', '-3', '--format=%H %P',
+                        '%s..%s' % (self.old.sha1, self.new.sha1),
+                        ]
+                    )
+                ]
+
+            if not new_commits:
+                return None
+
+            # If the newest commit is a merge, save it for a later check
+            # but otherwise ignore it
+            merge = None
+            tot = len(new_commits)
+            if len(new_commits[0][1]) > 1:
+                merge = new_commits[0][0]
+                del new_commits[0]
+
+            # Our primary check: we can't combine if more than one commit
+            # is introduced.  We also currently only combine if the new
+            # commit is a non-merge commit, though it may make sense to
+            # combine if it is a merge as well.
+            if not (
+                    len(new_commits) == 1 and
+                    len(new_commits[0][1]) == 1 and
+                    new_commits[0][0] in known_added_sha1s
+                    ):
+                return None
+
+            # We do not want to combine revision and refchange emails if
+            # those go to separate locations.
+            rev = Revision(self, GitObject(new_commits[0][0]), 1, tot)
+            if rev.recipients != self.recipients:
+                return None
+
+            # We ignored the newest commit if it was just a merge of the one
+            # commit being introduced.  But we don't want to ignore that
+            # merge commit it it involved conflict resolutions.  Check that.
+            if merge and merge != read_git_output(['diff-tree', '--cc', merge]):
+                return None
+
+            # We can combine the refchange and one new revision emails
+            # into one.  Return the Revision that a combined email should
+            # be sent about.
+            return rev
+        except CommandError:
+            # Cannot determine number of commits in old..new or new..old;
+            # don't combine reference/revision emails:
+            return None
+
+    def generate_combined_email(self, push, revision, body_filter=None, extra_header_values={}):
+        values = revision.get_values()
+        if extra_header_values:
+            values.update(extra_header_values)
+        if 'subject' not in extra_header_values:
+            values['subject'] = self.expand(COMBINED_REFCHANGE_REVISION_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE, **values)
+
+        self._single_revision = revision
+        self._contains_diff()
+        self.header_template = COMBINED_HEADER_TEMPLATE
+        self.intro_template = COMBINED_INTRO_TEMPLATE
+        self.footer_template = COMBINED_FOOTER_TEMPLATE
+
+        def revision_gen_link(base_url):
+            # revision is used only to generate the body, and
+            # _content_type is set while generating headers. Get it
+            # from the BranchChange object.
+            revision._content_type = self._content_type
+            return revision.generate_browse_link(base_url)
+        self.generate_browse_link = revision_gen_link
+        for line in self.generate_email(push, body_filter, values):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        '''Call the appropriate body generation routine.
+
+        If this is a combined refchange/revision email, the special logic
+        for handling this combined email comes from this function.  For
+        other cases, we just use the normal handling.'''
+
+        # If self._single_revision isn't set; don't override
+        if not self._single_revision:
+            for line in super(BranchChange, self).generate_email_body(push):
+                yield line
+            return
+
+        # This is a combined refchange/revision email; we first provide
+        # some info from the refchange portion, and then call the revision
+        # generate_email_body function to handle the revision portion.
+        adds = list(generate_summaries(
+            '--topo-order', '--reverse', '%s..%s'
+            % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)
+            ))
+
+        yield self.expand("The following commit(s) were added to %(refname)s by this push:\n")
+        for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+            yield self.expand(
+                BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='new',
+                rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                )
+
+        yield self._single_revision.rev.short + " is described below\n"
+        yield '\n'
+
+        for line in self._single_revision.generate_email_body(push):
+            yield line
+
+
+class AnnotatedTagChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'annotated tag'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_announce_recipients(self)
+        self.show_shortlog = environment.announce_show_shortlog
+
+    ANNOTATED_TAG_FORMAT = (
+        '%(*objectname)\n'
+        '%(*objecttype)\n'
+        '%(taggername)\n'
+        '%(taggerdate)'
+        )
+
+    def describe_tag(self, push):
+        """Describe the new value of an annotated tag."""
+
+        # Use git for-each-ref to pull out the individual fields from
+        # the tag
+        [tagobject, tagtype, tagger, tagged] = read_git_lines(
+            ['for-each-ref', '--format=%s' % (self.ANNOTATED_TAG_FORMAT,), self.refname],
+            )
+
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='tagging',
+            rev_short=tagobject, text='(%s)' % (tagtype,),
+            )
+        if tagtype == 'commit':
+            # If the tagged object is a commit, then we assume this is a
+            # release, and so we calculate which tag this tag is
+            # replacing
+            try:
+                prevtag = read_git_output(['describe', '--abbrev=0', '%s^' % (self.new,)])
+            except CommandError:
+                prevtag = None
+            if prevtag:
+                yield '  replaces  %s\n' % (prevtag,)
+        else:
+            prevtag = None
+            yield '    length  %s bytes\n' % (read_git_output(['cat-file', '-s', tagobject]),)
+
+        yield ' tagged by  %s\n' % (tagger,)
+        yield '        on  %s\n' % (tagged,)
+        yield '\n'
+
+        # Show the content of the tag message; this might contain a
+        # change log or release notes so is worth displaying.
+        yield LOGBEGIN
+        contents = list(read_git_lines(['cat-file', 'tag', self.new.sha1], keepends=True))
+        contents = contents[contents.index('\n') + 1:]
+        if contents and contents[-1][-1:] != '\n':
+            contents.append('\n')
+        for line in contents:
+            yield line
+
+        if self.show_shortlog and tagtype == 'commit':
+            # Only commit tags make sense to have rev-list operations
+            # performed on them
+            yield '\n'
+            if prevtag:
+                # Show changes since the previous release
+                revlist = read_git_output(
+                    ['rev-list', '--pretty=short', '%s..%s' % (prevtag, self.new,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    )
+            else:
+                # No previous tag, show all the changes since time
+                # began
+                revlist = read_git_output(
+                    ['rev-list', '--pretty=short', '%s' % (self.new,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    )
+            for line in read_git_lines(['shortlog'], input=revlist, keepends=True):
+                yield line
+
+        yield LOGEND
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of an annotated tag."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.describe_tag(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the update of an annotated tag.
+
+        This is probably a rare event and may not even be allowed."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.describe_tag(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        yield self.expand('   tag was  %(oldrev_short)s\n')
+        yield '\n'
+
+
+class NonAnnotatedTagChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'tag'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of an annotated tag."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in ReferenceChange.generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+            yield line
+
+
+class OtherReferenceChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'reference'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        # We use the full refname as short_refname, because otherwise
+        # the full name of the reference would not be obvious from the
+        # text of the email.
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+
+class Mailer(object):
+    """An object that can send emails."""
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        """Send an email consisting of lines.
+
+        lines must be an iterable over the lines constituting the
+        header and body of the email.  to_addrs is a list of recipient
+        addresses (can be needed even if lines already contains a
+        "To:" field).  It can be either a string (comma-separated list
+        of email addresses) or a Python list of individual email
+        addresses.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class SendMailer(Mailer):
+    """Send emails using 'sendmail -oi -t'."""
+
+    SENDMAIL_CANDIDATES = [
+        '/usr/sbin/sendmail',
+        '/usr/lib/sendmail',
+        ]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def find_sendmail():
+        for path in SendMailer.SENDMAIL_CANDIDATES:
+            if os.access(path, os.X_OK):
+                return path
+        else:
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                'No sendmail executable found.  '
+                'Try setting multimailhook.sendmailCommand.'
+                )
+
+    def __init__(self, command=None, envelopesender=None):
+        """Construct a SendMailer instance.
+
+        command should be the command and arguments used to invoke
+        sendmail, as a list of strings.  If an envelopesender is
+        provided, it will also be passed to the command, via '-f
+        envelopesender'."""
+
+        if command:
+            self.command = command[:]
+        else:
+            self.command = [self.find_sendmail(), '-oi', '-t']
+
+        if envelopesender:
+            self.command.extend(['-f', envelopesender])
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        try:
+            p = subprocess.Popen(self.command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+        except OSError:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Cannot execute command: %s\n' % ' '.join(self.command) +
+                '*** %s\n' % sys.exc_info()[1] +
+                '*** Try setting multimailhook.mailer to "smtp"\n' +
+                '*** to send emails without using the sendmail command.\n'
+                )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        try:
+            lines = (str_to_bytes(line) for line in lines)
+            p.stdin.writelines(lines)
+        except Exception:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Error while generating commit email\n'
+                '***  - mail sending aborted.\n'
+                )
+            try:
+                # subprocess.terminate() is not available in Python 2.4
+                p.terminate()
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            raise
+        else:
+            p.stdin.close()
+            retcode = p.wait()
+            if retcode:
+                raise CommandError(self.command, retcode)
+
+
+class SMTPMailer(Mailer):
+    """Send emails using Python's smtplib."""
+
+    def __init__(self, envelopesender, smtpserver,
+                 smtpservertimeout=10.0, smtpserverdebuglevel=0,
+                 smtpencryption='none',
+                 smtpuser='', smtppass='',
+                 smtpcacerts=''
+                 ):
+        if not envelopesender:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                'fatal: git_multimail: cannot use SMTPMailer without a sender address.\n'
+                'please set either multimailhook.envelopeSender or user.email\n'
+                )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        if smtpencryption == 'ssl' and not (smtpuser and smtppass):
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                'Cannot use SMTPMailer with security option ssl '
+                'without options username and password.'
+                )
+        self.envelopesender = envelopesender
+        self.smtpserver = smtpserver
+        self.smtpservertimeout = smtpservertimeout
+        self.smtpserverdebuglevel = smtpserverdebuglevel
+        self.security = smtpencryption
+        self.username = smtpuser
+        self.password = smtppass
+        self.smtpcacerts = smtpcacerts
+        try:
+            def call(klass, server, timeout):
+                try:
+                    return klass(server, timeout=timeout)
+                except TypeError:
+                    # Old Python versions do not have timeout= argument.
+                    return klass(server)
+            if self.security == 'none':
+                self.smtp = call(smtplib.SMTP, self.smtpserver, timeout=self.smtpservertimeout)
+            elif self.security == 'ssl':
+                if self.smtpcacerts:
+                    raise smtplib.SMTPException(
+                        "Checking certificate is not supported for ssl, prefer starttls"
+                        )
+                self.smtp = call(smtplib.SMTP_SSL, self.smtpserver, timeout=self.smtpservertimeout)
+            elif self.security == 'tls':
+                if 'ssl' not in sys.modules:
+                    sys.stderr.write(
+                        '*** Your Python version does not have the ssl library installed\n'
+                        '*** smtpEncryption=tls is not available.\n'
+                        '*** Either upgrade Python to 2.6 or later\n'
+                        '    or use git_multimail.py version 1.2.\n')
+                if ':' not in self.smtpserver:
+                    self.smtpserver += ':587'  # default port for TLS
+                self.smtp = call(smtplib.SMTP, self.smtpserver, timeout=self.smtpservertimeout)
+                # start: ehlo + starttls
+                # equivalent to
+                #     self.smtp.ehlo()
+                #     self.smtp.starttls()
+                # with acces to the ssl layer
+                self.smtp.ehlo()
+                if not self.smtp.has_extn("starttls"):
+                    raise smtplib.SMTPException("STARTTLS extension not supported by server")
+                resp, reply = self.smtp.docmd("STARTTLS")
+                if resp != 220:
+                    raise smtplib.SMTPException("Wrong answer to the STARTTLS command")
+                if self.smtpcacerts:
+                    self.smtp.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(
+                        self.smtp.sock,
+                        ca_certs=self.smtpcacerts,
+                        cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+                        )
+                else:
+                    self.smtp.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(
+                        self.smtp.sock,
+                        cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE
+                        )
+                    sys.stderr.write(
+                        '*** Warning, the server certificat is not verified (smtp) ***\n'
+                        '***          set the option smtpCACerts                   ***\n'
+                        )
+                if not hasattr(self.smtp.sock, "read"):
+                    # using httplib.FakeSocket with Python 2.5.x or earlier
+                    self.smtp.sock.read = self.smtp.sock.recv
+                self.smtp.file = smtplib.SSLFakeFile(self.smtp.sock)
+                self.smtp.helo_resp = None
+                self.smtp.ehlo_resp = None
+                self.smtp.esmtp_features = {}
+                self.smtp.does_esmtp = 0
+                # end:   ehlo + starttls
+                self.smtp.ehlo()
+            else:
+                sys.stdout.write('*** Error: Control reached an invalid option. ***')
+                sys.exit(1)
+            if self.smtpserverdebuglevel > 0:
+                sys.stdout.write(
+                    "*** Setting debug on for SMTP server connection (%s) ***\n"
+                    % self.smtpserverdebuglevel)
+                self.smtp.set_debuglevel(self.smtpserverdebuglevel)
+        except Exception:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Error establishing SMTP connection to %s ***\n'
+                % self.smtpserver)
+            sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % sys.exc_info()[1])
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'smtp'):
+            self.smtp.quit()
+            del self.smtp
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        try:
+            if self.username or self.password:
+                self.smtp.login(self.username, self.password)
+            msg = ''.join(lines)
+            # turn comma-separated list into Python list if needed.
+            if is_string(to_addrs):
+                to_addrs = [email for (name, email) in getaddresses([to_addrs])]
+            self.smtp.sendmail(self.envelopesender, to_addrs, msg)
+        except smtplib.SMTPResponseException:
+            sys.stderr.write('*** Error sending email ***\n')
+            err = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            sys.stderr.write('*** Error %d: %s\n' % (err.smtp_code,
+                                                     bytes_to_str(err.smtp_error)))
+            try:
+                smtp = self.smtp
+                # delete the field before quit() so that in case of
+                # error, self.smtp is deleted anyway.
+                del self.smtp
+                smtp.quit()
+            except:
+                sys.stderr.write('*** Error closing the SMTP connection ***\n')
+                sys.stderr.write('*** Exiting anyway ... ***\n')
+                sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % sys.exc_info()[1])
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class OutputMailer(Mailer):
+    """Write emails to an output stream, bracketed by lines of '=' characters.
+
+    This is intended for debugging purposes."""
+
+    SEPARATOR = '=' * 75 + '\n'
+
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        self.f = f
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        write_str(self.f, self.SEPARATOR)
+        for line in lines:
+            write_str(self.f, line)
+        write_str(self.f, self.SEPARATOR)
+
+
+def get_git_dir():
+    """Determine GIT_DIR.
+
+    Determine GIT_DIR either from the GIT_DIR environment variable or
+    from the working directory, using Git's usual rules."""
+
+    try:
+        return read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--git-dir'])
+    except CommandError:
+        sys.stderr.write('fatal: git_multimail: not in a git directory\n')
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class Environment(object):
+    """Describes the environment in which the push is occurring.
+
+    An Environment object encapsulates information about the local
+    environment.  For example, it knows how to determine:
+
+    * the name of the repository to which the push occurred
+
+    * what user did the push
+
+    * what users want to be informed about various types of changes.
+
+    An Environment object is expected to have the following methods:
+
+        get_repo_shortname()
+
+            Return a short name for the repository, for display
+            purposes.
+
+        get_repo_path()
+
+            Return the absolute path to the Git repository.
+
+        get_emailprefix()
+
+            Return a string that will be prefixed to every email's
+            subject.
+
+        get_pusher()
+
+            Return the username of the person who pushed the changes.
+            This value is used in the email body to indicate who
+            pushed the change.
+
+        get_pusher_email() (may return None)
+
+            Return the email address of the person who pushed the
+            changes.  The value should be a single RFC 2822 email
+            address as a string; e.g., "Joe User <user@example.com>"
+            if available, otherwise "user@example.com".  If set, the
+            value is used as the Reply-To address for refchange
+            emails.  If it is impossible to determine the pusher's
+            email, this attribute should be set to None (in which case
+            no Reply-To header will be output).
+
+        get_sender()
+
+            Return the address to be used as the 'From' email address
+            in the email envelope.
+
+        get_fromaddr(change=None)
+
+            Return the 'From' email address used in the email 'From:'
+            headers.  If the change is known when this function is
+            called, it is passed in as the 'change' parameter.  (May
+            be a full RFC 2822 email address like 'Joe User
+            <user@example.com>'.)
+
+        get_administrator()
+
+            Return the name and/or email of the repository
+            administrator.  This value is used in the footer as the
+            person to whom requests to be removed from the
+            notification list should be sent.  Ideally, it should
+            include a valid email address.
+
+        get_reply_to_refchange()
+        get_reply_to_commit()
+
+            Return the address to use in the email "Reply-To" header,
+            as a string.  These can be an RFC 2822 email address, or
+            None to omit the "Reply-To" header.
+            get_reply_to_refchange() is used for refchange emails;
+            get_reply_to_commit() is used for individual commit
+            emails.
+
+        get_ref_filter_regex()
+
+            Return a tuple -- a compiled regex, and a boolean indicating
+            whether the regex picks refs to include (if False, the regex
+            matches on refs to exclude).
+
+        get_default_ref_ignore_regex()
+
+            Return a regex that should be ignored for both what emails
+            to send and when computing what commits are considered new
+            to the repository.  Default is "^refs/notes/".
+
+    They should also define the following attributes:
+
+        announce_show_shortlog (bool)
+
+            True iff announce emails should include a shortlog.
+
+        commit_email_format (string)
+
+            If "html", generate commit emails in HTML instead of plain text
+            used by default.
+
+        html_in_intro (bool)
+        html_in_footer (bool)
+
+            When generating HTML emails, the introduction (respectively,
+            the footer) will be HTML-escaped iff html_in_intro (respectively,
+            the footer) is true. When false, only the values used to expand
+            the template are escaped.
+
+        refchange_showgraph (bool)
+
+            True iff refchanges emails should include a detailed graph.
+
+        refchange_showlog (bool)
+
+            True iff refchanges emails should include a detailed log.
+
+        diffopts (list of strings)
+
+            The options that should be passed to 'git diff' for the
+            summary email.  The value should be a list of strings
+            representing words to be passed to the command.
+
+        graphopts (list of strings)
+
+            Analogous to diffopts, but contains options passed to
+            'git log --graph' when generating the detailed graph for
+            a set of commits (see refchange_showgraph)
+
+        logopts (list of strings)
+
+            Analogous to diffopts, but contains options passed to
+            'git log' when generating the detailed log for a set of
+            commits (see refchange_showlog)
+
+        commitlogopts (list of strings)
+
+            The options that should be passed to 'git log' for each
+            commit mail.  The value should be a list of strings
+            representing words to be passed to the command.
+
+        date_substitute (string)
+
+            String to be used in substitution for 'Date:' at start of
+            line in the output of 'git log'.
+
+        quiet (bool)
+            On success do not write to stderr
+
+        stdout (bool)
+            Write email to stdout rather than emailing. Useful for debugging
+
+        combine_when_single_commit (bool)
+
+            True if a combined email should be produced when a single
+            new commit is pushed to a branch, False otherwise.
+
+        from_refchange, from_commit (strings)
+
+            Addresses to use for the From: field for refchange emails
+            and commit emails respectively.  Set from
+            multimailhook.fromRefchange and multimailhook.fromCommit
+            by ConfigEnvironmentMixin.
+
+    """
+
+    REPO_NAME_RE = re.compile(r'^(?P<name>.+?)(?:\.git)$')
+
+    def __init__(self, osenv=None):
+        self.osenv = osenv or os.environ
+        self.announce_show_shortlog = False
+        self.commit_email_format = "text"
+        self.html_in_intro = False
+        self.html_in_footer = False
+        self.commitBrowseURL = None
+        self.maxcommitemails = 500
+        self.diffopts = ['--stat', '--summary', '--find-copies-harder']
+        self.graphopts = ['--oneline', '--decorate']
+        self.logopts = []
+        self.refchange_showgraph = False
+        self.refchange_showlog = False
+        self.commitlogopts = ['-C', '--stat', '-p', '--cc']
+        self.date_substitute = 'AuthorDate: '
+        self.quiet = False
+        self.stdout = False
+        self.combine_when_single_commit = True
+
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS = [
+            'administrator',
+            'charset',
+            'emailprefix',
+            'pusher',
+            'pusher_email',
+            'repo_path',
+            'repo_shortname',
+            'sender',
+            ]
+
+        self._values = None
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        """Use the last part of the repo path, with ".git" stripped off if present."""
+
+        basename = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(self.get_repo_path()))
+        m = self.REPO_NAME_RE.match(basename)
+        if m:
+            return m.group('name')
+        else:
+            return basename
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        return None
+
+    def get_fromaddr(self, change=None):
+        config = Config('user')
+        fromname = config.get('name', default='')
+        fromemail = config.get('email', default='')
+        if fromemail:
+            return formataddr([fromname, fromemail])
+        return self.get_sender()
+
+    def get_administrator(self):
+        return 'the administrator of this repository'
+
+    def get_emailprefix(self):
+        return ''
+
+    def get_repo_path(self):
+        if read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--is-bare-repository']) == 'true':
+            path = get_git_dir()
+        else:
+            path = read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--show-toplevel'])
+        return os.path.abspath(path)
+
+    def get_charset(self):
+        return CHARSET
+
+    def get_values(self):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword: expansion} for this Environment.
+
+        This method is called by Change._compute_values().  The keys
+        in the returned dictionary are available to be used in any of
+        the templates.  The dictionary is created by calling
+        self.get_NAME() for each of the attributes named in
+        COMPUTED_KEYS and recording those that do not return None.
+        The return value is always a new dictionary."""
+
+        if self._values is None:
+            values = {'': ''}  # %()s expands to the empty string.
+
+            for key in self.COMPUTED_KEYS:
+                value = getattr(self, 'get_%s' % (key,))()
+                if value is not None:
+                    values[key] = value
+
+            self._values = values
+
+        return self._values.copy()
+
+    def get_refchange_recipients(self, refchange):
+        """Return the recipients for notifications about refchange.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified ReferenceChange should be sent."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_announce_recipients(self, annotated_tag_change):
+        """Return the recipients for notifications about annotated_tag_change.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified AnnotatedTagChange should be sent."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_reply_to_refchange(self, refchange):
+        return self.get_pusher_email()
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        """Return the recipients for messages about revision.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified Revision should be sent.  This method
+        could be overridden, for example, to take into account the
+        contents of the revision when deciding whom to notify about
+        it.  For example, there could be a scheme for users to express
+        interest in particular files or subdirectories, and only
+        receive notification emails for revisions that affecting those
+        files."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_reply_to_commit(self, revision):
+        return revision.author
+
+    def get_default_ref_ignore_regex(self):
+        # The commit messages of git notes are essentially meaningless
+        # and "filenames" in git notes commits are an implementational
+        # detail that might surprise users at first.  As such, we
+        # would need a completely different method for handling emails
+        # of git notes in order for them to be of benefit for users,
+        # which we simply do not have right now.
+        return "^refs/notes/"
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        """Filter the lines intended for an email body.
+
+        lines is an iterable over the lines that would go into the
+        email body.  Filter it (e.g., limit the number of lines, the
+        line length, character set, etc.), returning another iterable.
+        See FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin and MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin
+        for classes implementing this functionality."""
+
+        return lines
+
+    def log_msg(self, msg):
+        """Write the string msg on a log file or on stderr.
+
+        Sends the text to stderr by default, override to change the behavior."""
+        write_str(sys.stderr, msg)
+
+    def log_warning(self, msg):
+        """Write the string msg on a log file or on stderr.
+
+        Sends the text to stderr by default, override to change the behavior."""
+        write_str(sys.stderr, msg)
+
+    def log_error(self, msg):
+        """Write the string msg on a log file or on stderr.
+
+        Sends the text to stderr by default, override to change the behavior."""
+        write_str(sys.stderr, msg)
+
+
+class ConfigEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """A mixin that sets self.config to its constructor's config argument.
+
+    This class's constructor consumes the "config" argument.
+
+    Mixins that need to inspect the config should inherit from this
+    class (1) to make sure that "config" is still in the constructor
+    arguments with its own constructor runs and/or (2) to be sure that
+    self.config is set after construction."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.config = config
+
+
+class ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin(ConfigEnvironmentMixin):
+    """An Environment that reads most of its information from "git config"."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def forbid_field_values(name, value, forbidden):
+        for forbidden_val in forbidden:
+            if value is not None and value.lower() == forbidden:
+                raise ConfigurationException(
+                    '"%s" is not an allowed setting for %s' % (value, name)
+                    )
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config, **kw
+            )
+
+        for var, cfg in (
+                ('announce_show_shortlog', 'announceshortlog'),
+                ('refchange_showgraph', 'refchangeShowGraph'),
+                ('refchange_showlog', 'refchangeshowlog'),
+                ('quiet', 'quiet'),
+                ('stdout', 'stdout'),
+                ):
+            val = config.get_bool(cfg)
+            if val is not None:
+                setattr(self, var, val)
+
+        commit_email_format = config.get('commitEmailFormat')
+        if commit_email_format is not None:
+            if commit_email_format != "html" and commit_email_format != "text":
+                self.log_warning(
+                    '*** Unknown value for multimailhook.commitEmailFormat: %s\n' %
+                    commit_email_format +
+                    '*** Expected either "text" or "html".  Ignoring.\n'
+                    )
+            else:
+                self.commit_email_format = commit_email_format
+
+        html_in_intro = config.get_bool('htmlInIntro')
+        if html_in_intro is not None:
+            self.html_in_intro = html_in_intro
+
+        html_in_footer = config.get_bool('htmlInFooter')
+        if html_in_footer is not None:
+            self.html_in_footer = html_in_footer
+
+        self.commitBrowseURL = config.get('commitBrowseURL')
+
+        maxcommitemails = config.get('maxcommitemails')
+        if maxcommitemails is not None:
+            try:
+                self.maxcommitemails = int(maxcommitemails)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.log_warning(
+                    '*** Malformed value for multimailhook.maxCommitEmails: %s\n'
+                    % maxcommitemails +
+                    '*** Expected a number.  Ignoring.\n'
+                    )
+
+        diffopts = config.get('diffopts')
+        if diffopts is not None:
+            self.diffopts = shlex.split(diffopts)
+
+        graphopts = config.get('graphOpts')
+        if graphopts is not None:
+            self.graphopts = shlex.split(graphopts)
+
+        logopts = config.get('logopts')
+        if logopts is not None:
+            self.logopts = shlex.split(logopts)
+
+        commitlogopts = config.get('commitlogopts')
+        if commitlogopts is not None:
+            self.commitlogopts = shlex.split(commitlogopts)
+
+        date_substitute = config.get('dateSubstitute')
+        if date_substitute == 'none':
+            self.date_substitute = None
+        elif date_substitute is not None:
+            self.date_substitute = date_substitute
+
+        reply_to = config.get('replyTo')
+        self.__reply_to_refchange = config.get('replyToRefchange', default=reply_to)
+        self.forbid_field_values('replyToRefchange',
+                                 self.__reply_to_refchange,
+                                 ['author'])
+        self.__reply_to_commit = config.get('replyToCommit', default=reply_to)
+
+        self.from_refchange = config.get('fromRefchange')
+        self.forbid_field_values('fromRefchange',
+                                 self.from_refchange,
+                                 ['author', 'none'])
+        self.from_commit = config.get('fromCommit')
+        self.forbid_field_values('fromCommit',
+                                 self.from_commit,
+                                 ['none'])
+
+        combine = config.get_bool('combineWhenSingleCommit')
+        if combine is not None:
+            self.combine_when_single_commit = combine
+
+    def get_administrator(self):
+        return (
+            self.config.get('administrator') or
+            self.get_sender() or
+            super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_administrator()
+            )
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        return (
+            self.config.get('reponame') or
+            super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_repo_shortname()
+            )
+
+    def get_emailprefix(self):
+        emailprefix = self.config.get('emailprefix')
+        if emailprefix is not None:
+            emailprefix = emailprefix.strip()
+            if emailprefix:
+                return emailprefix + ' '
+            else:
+                return ''
+        else:
+            return '[%s] ' % (self.get_repo_shortname(),)
+
+    def get_sender(self):
+        return self.config.get('envelopesender')
+
+    def process_addr(self, addr, change):
+        if addr.lower() == 'author':
+            if hasattr(change, 'author'):
+                return change.author
+            else:
+                return None
+        elif addr.lower() == 'pusher':
+            return self.get_pusher_email()
+        elif addr.lower() == 'none':
+            return None
+        else:
+            return addr
+
+    def get_fromaddr(self, change=None):
+        fromaddr = self.config.get('from')
+        if change:
+            alt_fromaddr = change.get_alt_fromaddr()
+            if alt_fromaddr:
+                fromaddr = alt_fromaddr
+        if fromaddr:
+            fromaddr = self.process_addr(fromaddr, change)
+        if fromaddr:
+            return fromaddr
+        return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_fromaddr(change)
+
+    def get_reply_to_refchange(self, refchange):
+        if self.__reply_to_refchange is None:
+            return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_reply_to_refchange(refchange)
+        else:
+            return self.process_addr(self.__reply_to_refchange, refchange)
+
+    def get_reply_to_commit(self, revision):
+        if self.__reply_to_commit is None:
+            return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_reply_to_commit(revision)
+        else:
+            return self.process_addr(self.__reply_to_commit, revision)
+
+    def get_scancommitforcc(self):
+        return self.config.get('scancommitforcc')
+
+
+class FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Handle encoding and maximum line length of body lines.
+
+        emailmaxlinelength (int or None)
+
+            The maximum length of any single line in the email body.
+            Longer lines are truncated at that length with ' [...]'
+            appended.
+
+        strict_utf8 (bool)
+
+            If this field is set to True, then the email body text is
+            expected to be UTF-8.  Any invalid characters are
+            converted to U+FFFD, the Unicode replacement character
+            (encoded as UTF-8, of course).
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, strict_utf8=True, emailmaxlinelength=500, **kw):
+        super(FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__strict_utf8 = strict_utf8
+        self.__emailmaxlinelength = emailmaxlinelength
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        lines = super(FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).filter_body(lines)
+        if self.__strict_utf8:
+            if not PYTHON3:
+                lines = (line.decode(ENCODING, 'replace') for line in lines)
+            # Limit the line length in Unicode-space to avoid
+            # splitting characters:
+            if self.__emailmaxlinelength:
+                lines = limit_linelength(lines, self.__emailmaxlinelength)
+            if not PYTHON3:
+                lines = (line.encode(ENCODING, 'replace') for line in lines)
+        elif self.__emailmaxlinelength:
+            lines = limit_linelength(lines, self.__emailmaxlinelength)
+
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin(
+        ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+        FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ):
+    """Handle encoding and maximum line length based on config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        strict_utf8 = config.get_bool('emailstrictutf8', default=None)
+        if strict_utf8 is not None:
+            kw['strict_utf8'] = strict_utf8
+
+        emailmaxlinelength = config.get('emailmaxlinelength')
+        if emailmaxlinelength is not None:
+            kw['emailmaxlinelength'] = int(emailmaxlinelength)
+
+        super(ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config, **kw
+            )
+
+
+class MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Limit the email body to a specified number of lines."""
+
+    def __init__(self, emailmaxlines, **kw):
+        super(MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__emailmaxlines = emailmaxlines
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        lines = super(MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).filter_body(lines)
+        if self.__emailmaxlines:
+            lines = limit_lines(lines, self.__emailmaxlines)
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin(
+        ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+        MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ):
+    """Limit the email body to the number of lines specified in config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        emailmaxlines = int(config.get('emailmaxlines', default='0'))
+        super(ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            emailmaxlines=emailmaxlines,
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class FQDNEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """A mixin that sets the host's FQDN to its constructor argument."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fqdn, **kw):
+        super(FQDNEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS += ['fqdn']
+        self.__fqdn = fqdn
+
+    def get_fqdn(self):
+        """Return the fully-qualified domain name for this host.
+
+        Return None if it is unavailable or unwanted."""
+
+        return self.__fqdn
+
+
+class ConfigFQDNEnvironmentMixin(
+        ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+        FQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+        ):
+    """Read the FQDN from the config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        fqdn = config.get('fqdn')
+        super(ConfigFQDNEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            fqdn=fqdn,
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin(FQDNEnvironmentMixin):
+    """Get the FQDN by calling socket.getfqdn()."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            fqdn=socket.getfqdn(),
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin(ConfigEnvironmentMixin):
+    """Deduce pusher_email from pusher by appending an emaildomain."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__emaildomain = self.config.get('emaildomain')
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        if self.__emaildomain:
+            # Derive the pusher's full email address in the default way:
+            return '%s@%s' % (self.get_pusher(), self.__emaildomain)
+        else:
+            return super(PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin, self).get_pusher_email()
+
+
+class StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Set recipients statically based on constructor parameters."""
+
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            refchange_recipients, announce_recipients, revision_recipients, scancommitforcc,
+            **kw
+            ):
+        super(StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+
+        # The recipients for various types of notification emails, as
+        # RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas (or the empty
+        # string if no recipients are configured).  Although there is
+        # a mechanism to choose the recipient lists based on on the
+        # actual *contents* of the change being reported, we only
+        # choose based on the *type* of the change.  Therefore we can
+        # compute them once and for all:
+        if not (refchange_recipients or
+                announce_recipients or
+                revision_recipients or
+                scancommitforcc):
+            raise ConfigurationException('No email recipients configured!')
+        self.__refchange_recipients = refchange_recipients
+        self.__announce_recipients = announce_recipients
+        self.__revision_recipients = revision_recipients
+
+    def get_refchange_recipients(self, refchange):
+        return self.__refchange_recipients
+
+    def get_announce_recipients(self, annotated_tag_change):
+        return self.__announce_recipients
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        return self.__revision_recipients
+
+
+class ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin(
+        ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+        StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin
+        ):
+    """Determine recipients statically based on config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            refchange_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'refchangelist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            announce_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'announcelist', 'refchangelist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            revision_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'commitlist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            scancommitforcc=config.get('scancommitforcc'),
+            **kw
+            )
+
+    def _get_recipients(self, config, *names):
+        """Return the recipients for a particular type of message.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which a particular type
+        of notification email should be sent, by looking at the config
+        value for "multimailhook.$name" for each of names.  Use the
+        value from the first name that is configured.  The return
+        value is a (possibly empty) string containing RFC 2822 email
+        addresses separated by commas.  If no configuration could be
+        found, raise a ConfigurationException."""
+
+        for name in names:
+            lines = config.get_all(name)
+            if lines is not None:
+                lines = [line.strip() for line in lines]
+                # Single "none" is a special value equivalen to empty string.
+                if lines == ['none']:
+                    lines = ['']
+                return ', '.join(lines)
+        else:
+            return ''
+
+
+class StaticRefFilterEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Set branch filter statically based on constructor parameters."""
+
+    def __init__(self, ref_filter_incl_regex, ref_filter_excl_regex,
+                 ref_filter_do_send_regex, ref_filter_dont_send_regex,
+                 **kw):
+        super(StaticRefFilterEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+
+        if ref_filter_incl_regex and ref_filter_excl_regex:
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                "Cannot specify both a ref inclusion and exclusion regex.")
+        self.__is_inclusion_filter = bool(ref_filter_incl_regex)
+        default_exclude = self.get_default_ref_ignore_regex()
+        if ref_filter_incl_regex:
+            ref_filter_regex = ref_filter_incl_regex
+        elif ref_filter_excl_regex:
+            ref_filter_regex = ref_filter_excl_regex + '|' + default_exclude
+        else:
+            ref_filter_regex = default_exclude
+        try:
+            self.__compiled_regex = re.compile(ref_filter_regex)
+        except Exception:
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                'Invalid Ref Filter Regex "%s": %s' % (ref_filter_regex, sys.exc_info()[1]))
+
+        if ref_filter_do_send_regex and ref_filter_dont_send_regex:
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                "Cannot specify both a ref doSend and dontSend regex.")
+        if ref_filter_do_send_regex or ref_filter_dont_send_regex:
+            self.__is_do_send_filter = bool(ref_filter_do_send_regex)
+            if ref_filter_incl_regex:
+                ref_filter_send_regex = ref_filter_incl_regex
+            elif ref_filter_excl_regex:
+                ref_filter_send_regex = ref_filter_excl_regex
+            else:
+                ref_filter_send_regex = '.*'
+                self.__is_do_send_filter = True
+            try:
+                self.__send_compiled_regex = re.compile(ref_filter_send_regex)
+            except Exception:
+                raise ConfigurationException(
+                    'Invalid Ref Filter Regex "%s": %s' %
+                    (ref_filter_send_regex, sys.exc_info()[1]))
+        else:
+            self.__send_compiled_regex = self.__compiled_regex
+            self.__is_do_send_filter = self.__is_inclusion_filter
+
+    def get_ref_filter_regex(self, send_filter=False):
+        if send_filter:
+            return self.__send_compiled_regex, self.__is_do_send_filter
+        else:
+            return self.__compiled_regex, self.__is_inclusion_filter
+
+
+class ConfigRefFilterEnvironmentMixin(
+        ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+        StaticRefFilterEnvironmentMixin
+        ):
+    """Determine branch filtering statically based on config."""
+
+    def _get_regex(self, config, key):
+        """Get a list of whitespace-separated regex. The refFilter* config
+        variables are multivalued (hence the use of get_all), and we
+        allow each entry to be a whitespace-separated list (hence the
+        split on each line). The whole thing is glued into a single regex."""
+        values = config.get_all(key)
+        if values is None:
+            return values
+        items = []
+        for line in values:
+            for i in line.split():
+                items.append(i)
+        if items == []:
+            return None
+        return '|'.join(items)
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigRefFilterEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            ref_filter_incl_regex=self._get_regex(config, 'refFilterInclusionRegex'),
+            ref_filter_excl_regex=self._get_regex(config, 'refFilterExclusionRegex'),
+            ref_filter_do_send_regex=self._get_regex(config, 'refFilterDoSendRegex'),
+            ref_filter_dont_send_regex=self._get_regex(config, 'refFilterDontSendRegex'),
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Make a "projectdesc" value available for templates.
+
+    By default, it is set to the first line of $GIT_DIR/description
+    (if that file is present and appears to be set meaningfully)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS += ['projectdesc']
+
+    def get_projectdesc(self):
+        """Return a one-line descripition of the project."""
+
+        git_dir = get_git_dir()
+        try:
+            projectdesc = open(os.path.join(git_dir, 'description')).readline().strip()
+            if projectdesc and not projectdesc.startswith('Unnamed repository'):
+                return projectdesc
+        except IOError:
+            pass
+
+        return 'UNNAMED PROJECT'
+
+
+class GenericEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return self.osenv.get('USER', self.osenv.get('USERNAME', 'unknown user'))
+
+
+class GenericEnvironment(
+        ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigRefFilterEnvironmentMixin,
+        PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+        GenericEnvironmentMixin,
+        Environment,
+        ):
+    pass
+
+
+class GitoliteEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        # The gitolite environment variable $GL_REPO is a pretty good
+        # repo_shortname (though it's probably not as good as a value
+        # the user might have explicitly put in his config).
+        return (
+            self.osenv.get('GL_REPO', None) or
+            super(GitoliteEnvironmentMixin, self).get_repo_shortname()
+            )
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return self.osenv.get('GL_USER', 'unknown user')
+
+    def get_fromaddr(self, change=None):
+        GL_USER = self.osenv.get('GL_USER')
+        if GL_USER is not None:
+            # Find the path to gitolite.conf.  Note that gitolite v3
+            # did away with the GL_ADMINDIR and GL_CONF environment
+            # variables (they are now hard-coded).
+            GL_ADMINDIR = self.osenv.get(
+                'GL_ADMINDIR',
+                os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', '.gitolite')))
+            GL_CONF = self.osenv.get(
+                'GL_CONF',
+                os.path.join(GL_ADMINDIR, 'conf', 'gitolite.conf'))
+            if os.path.isfile(GL_CONF):
+                f = open(GL_CONF, 'rU')
+                try:
+                    in_user_emails_section = False
+                    re_template = r'^\s*#\s*%s\s*$'
+                    re_begin, re_user, re_end = (
+                        re.compile(re_template % x)
+                        for x in (
+                            r'BEGIN\s+USER\s+EMAILS',
+                            re.escape(GL_USER) + r'\s+(.*)',
+                            r'END\s+USER\s+EMAILS',
+                            ))
+                    for l in f:
+                        l = l.rstrip('\n')
+                        if not in_user_emails_section:
+                            if re_begin.match(l):
+                                in_user_emails_section = True
+                            continue
+                        if re_end.match(l):
+                            break
+                        m = re_user.match(l)
+                        if m:
+                            return m.group(1)
+                finally:
+                    f.close()
+        return super(GitoliteEnvironmentMixin, self).get_fromaddr(change)
+
+
+class IncrementalDateTime(object):
+    """Simple wrapper to give incremental date/times.
+
+    Each call will result in a date/time a second later than the
+    previous call.  This can be used to falsify email headers, to
+    increase the likelihood that email clients sort the emails
+    correctly."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.time = time.time()
+        self.next = self.__next__  # Python 2 backward compatibility
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        formatted = formatdate(self.time, True)
+        self.time += 1
+        return formatted
+
+
+class GitoliteEnvironment(
+        ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigRefFilterEnvironmentMixin,
+        PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+        GitoliteEnvironmentMixin,
+        Environment,
+        ):
+    pass
+
+
+class StashEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def __init__(self, user=None, repo=None, **kw):
+        super(StashEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__user = user
+        self.__repo = repo
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        return self.__repo
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return re.match('(.*?)\s*<', self.__user).group(1)
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        return self.__user
+
+    def get_fromaddr(self, change=None):
+        return self.__user
+
+
+class StashEnvironment(
+        StashEnvironmentMixin,
+        ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigRefFilterEnvironmentMixin,
+        PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+        Environment,
+        ):
+    pass
+
+
+class GerritEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def __init__(self, project=None, submitter=None, update_method=None, **kw):
+        super(GerritEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__project = project
+        self.__submitter = submitter
+        self.__update_method = update_method
+        "Make an 'update_method' value available for templates."
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS += ['update_method']
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        return self.__project
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        if self.__submitter:
+            if self.__submitter.find('<') != -1:
+                # Submitter has a configured email, we transformed
+                # __submitter into an RFC 2822 string already.
+                return re.match('(.*?)\s*<', self.__submitter).group(1)
+            else:
+                # Submitter has no configured email, it's just his name.
+                return self.__submitter
+        else:
+            # If we arrive here, this means someone pushed "Submit" from
+            # the gerrit web UI for the CR (or used one of the programmatic
+            # APIs to do the same, such as gerrit review) and the
+            # merge/push was done by the Gerrit user.  It was technically
+            # triggered by someone else, but sadly we have no way of
+            # determining who that someone else is at this point.
+            return 'Gerrit'  # 'unknown user'?
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        if self.__submitter:
+            return self.__submitter
+        else:
+            return super(GerritEnvironmentMixin, self).get_pusher_email()
+
+    def get_fromaddr(self, change=None):
+        if self.__submitter and self.__submitter.find('<') != -1:
+            return self.__submitter
+        else:
+            return super(GerritEnvironmentMixin, self).get_fromaddr(change)
+
+    def get_default_ref_ignore_regex(self):
+        default = super(GerritEnvironmentMixin, self).get_default_ref_ignore_regex()
+        return default + '|^refs/changes/|^refs/cache-automerge/|^refs/meta/'
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        # Merge commits created by Gerrit when users hit "Submit this patchset"
+        # in the Web UI (or do equivalently with REST APIs or the gerrit review
+        # command) are not something users want to see an individual email for.
+        # Filter them out.
+        committer = read_git_output(['log', '--no-walk', '--format=%cN',
+                                     revision.rev.sha1])
+        if committer == 'Gerrit Code Review':
+            return []
+        else:
+            return super(GerritEnvironmentMixin, self).get_revision_recipients(revision)
+
+    def get_update_method(self):
+        return self.__update_method
+
+
+class GerritEnvironment(
+        GerritEnvironmentMixin,
+        ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigRefFilterEnvironmentMixin,
+        PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+        Environment,
+        ):
+    pass
+
+
+class Push(object):
+    """Represent an entire push (i.e., a group of ReferenceChanges).
+
+    It is easy to figure out what commits were added to a *branch* by
+    a Reference change:
+
+        git rev-list change.old..change.new
+
+    or removed from a *branch*:
+
+        git rev-list change.new..change.old
+
+    But it is not quite so trivial to determine which entirely new
+    commits were added to the *repository* by a push and which old
+    commits were discarded by a push.  A big part of the job of this
+    class is to figure out these things, and to make sure that new
+    commits are only detailed once even if they were added to multiple
+    references.
+
+    The first step is to determine the "other" references--those
+    unaffected by the current push.  They are computed by listing all
+    references then removing any affected by this push.  The results
+    are stored in Push._other_ref_sha1s.
+
+    The commits contained in the repository before this push were
+
+        git rev-list other1 other2 other3 ... change1.old change2.old ...
+
+    Where "changeN.old" is the old value of one of the references
+    affected by this push.
+
+    The commits contained in the repository after this push are
+
+        git rev-list other1 other2 other3 ... change1.new change2.new ...
+
+    The commits added by this push are the difference between these
+    two sets, which can be written
+
+        git rev-list \
+            ^other1 ^other2 ... \
+            ^change1.old ^change2.old ... \
+            change1.new change2.new ...
+
+    The commits removed by this push can be computed by
+
+        git rev-list \
+            ^other1 ^other2 ... \
+            ^change1.new ^change2.new ... \
+            change1.old change2.old ...
+
+    The last point is that it is possible that other pushes are
+    occurring simultaneously to this one, so reference values can
+    change at any time.  It is impossible to eliminate all race
+    conditions, but we reduce the window of time during which problems
+    can occur by translating reference names to SHA1s as soon as
+    possible and working with SHA1s thereafter (because SHA1s are
+    immutable)."""
+
+    # A map {(changeclass, changetype): integer} specifying the order
+    # that reference changes will be processed if multiple reference
+    # changes are included in a single push.  The order is significant
+    # mostly because new commit notifications are threaded together
+    # with the first reference change that includes the commit.  The
+    # following order thus causes commits to be grouped with branch
+    # changes (as opposed to tag changes) if possible.
+    SORT_ORDER = dict(
+        (value, i) for (i, value) in enumerate([
+            (BranchChange, 'update'),
+            (BranchChange, 'create'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'update'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'create'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'update'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'create'),
+            (BranchChange, 'delete'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'delete'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'delete'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'update'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'create'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'delete'),
+            ])
+        )
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, changes, ignore_other_refs=False):
+        self.changes = sorted(changes, key=self._sort_key)
+        self.__other_ref_sha1s = None
+        self.__cached_commits_spec = {}
+        self.environment = environment
+
+        if ignore_other_refs:
+            self.__other_ref_sha1s = set()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _sort_key(klass, change):
+        return (klass.SORT_ORDER[change.__class__, change.change_type], change.refname,)
+
+    @property
+    def _other_ref_sha1s(self):
+        """The GitObjects referred to by references unaffected by this push.
+        """
+        if self.__other_ref_sha1s is None:
+            # The refnames being changed by this push:
+            updated_refs = set(
+                change.refname
+                for change in self.changes
+                )
+
+            # The SHA-1s of commits referred to by all references in this
+            # repository *except* updated_refs:
+            sha1s = set()
+            fmt = (
+                '%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(refname)\n'
+                '%(*objectname) %(*objecttype) %(refname)'
+                )
+            ref_filter_regex, is_inclusion_filter = \
+                self.environment.get_ref_filter_regex()
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                    ['for-each-ref', '--format=%s' % (fmt,)]):
+                (sha1, type, name) = line.split(' ', 2)
+                if (sha1 and type == 'commit' and
+                        name not in updated_refs and
+                        include_ref(name, ref_filter_regex, is_inclusion_filter)):
+                    sha1s.add(sha1)
+
+            self.__other_ref_sha1s = sha1s
+
+        return self.__other_ref_sha1s
+
+    def _get_commits_spec_incl(self, new_or_old, reference_change=None):
+        """Get new or old SHA-1 from one or each of the changed refs.
+
+        Return a list of SHA-1 commit identifier strings suitable as
+        arguments to 'git rev-list' (or 'git log' or ...).  The
+        returned identifiers are either the old or new values from one
+        or all of the changed references, depending on the values of
+        new_or_old and reference_change.
+
+        new_or_old is either the string 'new' or the string 'old'.  If
+        'new', the returned SHA-1 identifiers are the new values from
+        each changed reference.  If 'old', the SHA-1 identifiers are
+        the old values from each changed reference.
+
+        If reference_change is specified and not None, only the new or
+        old reference from the specified reference is included in the
+        return value.
+
+        This function returns None if there are no matching revisions
+        (e.g., because a branch was deleted and new_or_old is 'new').
+        """
+
+        if not reference_change:
+            incl_spec = sorted(
+                getattr(change, new_or_old).sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if getattr(change, new_or_old)
+                )
+            if not incl_spec:
+                incl_spec = None
+        elif not getattr(reference_change, new_or_old).commit_sha1:
+            incl_spec = None
+        else:
+            incl_spec = [getattr(reference_change, new_or_old).commit_sha1]
+        return incl_spec
+
+    def _get_commits_spec_excl(self, new_or_old):
+        """Get exclusion revisions for determining new or discarded commits.
+
+        Return a list of strings suitable as arguments to 'git
+        rev-list' (or 'git log' or ...) that will exclude all
+        commits that, depending on the value of new_or_old, were
+        either previously in the repository (useful for determining
+        which commits are new to the repository) or currently in the
+        repository (useful for determining which commits were
+        discarded from the repository).
+
+        new_or_old is either the string 'new' or the string 'old'.  If
+        'new', the commits to be excluded are those that were in the
+        repository before the push.  If 'old', the commits to be
+        excluded are those that are currently in the repository.  """
+
+        old_or_new = {'old': 'new', 'new': 'old'}[new_or_old]
+        excl_revs = self._other_ref_sha1s.union(
+            getattr(change, old_or_new).sha1
+            for change in self.changes
+            if getattr(change, old_or_new).type in ['commit', 'tag']
+            )
+        return ['^' + sha1 for sha1 in sorted(excl_revs)]
+
+    def get_commits_spec(self, new_or_old, reference_change=None):
+        """Get rev-list arguments for added or discarded commits.
+
+        Return a list of strings suitable as arguments to 'git
+        rev-list' (or 'git log' or ...) that select those commits
+        that, depending on the value of new_or_old, are either new to
+        the repository or were discarded from the repository.
+
+        new_or_old is either the string 'new' or the string 'old'.  If
+        'new', the returned list is used to select commits that are
+        new to the repository.  If 'old', the returned value is used
+        to select the commits that have been discarded from the
+        repository.
+
+        If reference_change is specified and not None, the new or
+        discarded commits are limited to those that are reachable from
+        the new or old value of the specified reference.
+
+        This function returns None if there are no added (or discarded)
+        revisions.
+        """
+        key = (new_or_old, reference_change)
+        if key not in self.__cached_commits_spec:
+            ret = self._get_commits_spec_incl(new_or_old, reference_change)
+            if ret is not None:
+                ret.extend(self._get_commits_spec_excl(new_or_old))
+            self.__cached_commits_spec[key] = ret
+        return self.__cached_commits_spec[key]
+
+    def get_new_commits(self, reference_change=None):
+        """Return a list of commits added by this push.
+
+        Return a list of the object names of commits that were added
+        by the part of this push represented by reference_change.  If
+        reference_change is None, then return a list of *all* commits
+        added by this push."""
+
+        spec = self.get_commits_spec('new', reference_change)
+        return git_rev_list(spec)
+
+    def get_discarded_commits(self, reference_change):
+        """Return a list of commits discarded by this push.
+
+        Return a list of the object names of commits that were
+        entirely discarded from the repository by the part of this
+        push represented by reference_change."""
+
+        spec = self.get_commits_spec('old', reference_change)
+        return git_rev_list(spec)
+
+    def send_emails(self, mailer, body_filter=None):
+        """Use send all of the notification emails needed for this push.
+
+        Use send all of the notification emails (including reference
+        change emails and commit emails) needed for this push.  Send
+        the emails using mailer.  If body_filter is not None, then use
+        it to filter the lines that are intended for the email
+        body."""
+
+        # The sha1s of commits that were introduced by this push.
+        # They will be removed from this set as they are processed, to
+        # guarantee that one (and only one) email is generated for
+        # each new commit.
+        unhandled_sha1s = set(self.get_new_commits())
+        send_date = IncrementalDateTime()
+        for change in self.changes:
+            sha1s = []
+            for sha1 in reversed(list(self.get_new_commits(change))):
+                if sha1 in unhandled_sha1s:
+                    sha1s.append(sha1)
+                    unhandled_sha1s.remove(sha1)
+
+            # Check if we've got anyone to send to
+            if not change.recipients:
+                change.environment.log_warning(
+                    '*** no recipients configured so no email will be sent\n'
+                    '*** for %r update %s->%s\n'
+                    % (change.refname, change.old.sha1, change.new.sha1,)
+                    )
+            else:
+                if not change.environment.quiet:
+                    change.environment.log_msg(
+                        'Sending notification emails to: %s\n' % (change.recipients,))
+                extra_values = {'send_date': next(send_date)}
+
+                rev = change.send_single_combined_email(sha1s)
+                if rev:
+                    mailer.send(
+                        change.generate_combined_email(self, rev, body_filter, extra_values),
+                        rev.recipients,
+                        )
+                    # This change is now fully handled; no need to handle
+                    # individual revisions any further.
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    mailer.send(
+                        change.generate_email(self, body_filter, extra_values),
+                        change.recipients,
+                        )
+
+            max_emails = change.environment.maxcommitemails
+            if max_emails and len(sha1s) > max_emails:
+                change.environment.log_warning(
+                    '*** Too many new commits (%d), not sending commit emails.\n' % len(sha1s) +
+                    '*** Try setting multimailhook.maxCommitEmails to a greater value\n' +
+                    '*** Currently, multimailhook.maxCommitEmails=%d\n' % max_emails
+                    )
+                return
+
+            for (num, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s):
+                rev = Revision(change, GitObject(sha1), num=num + 1, tot=len(sha1s))
+                if not rev.recipients and rev.cc_recipients:
+                    change.environment.log_msg('*** Replacing Cc: with To:\n')
+                    rev.recipients = rev.cc_recipients
+                    rev.cc_recipients = None
+                if rev.recipients:
+                    extra_values = {'send_date': next(send_date)}
+                    mailer.send(
+                        rev.generate_email(self, body_filter, extra_values),
+                        rev.recipients,
+                        )
+
+        # Consistency check:
+        if unhandled_sha1s:
+            change.environment.log_error(
+                'ERROR: No emails were sent for the following new commits:\n'
+                '    %s\n'
+                % ('\n    '.join(sorted(unhandled_sha1s)),)
+                )
+
+
+def include_ref(refname, ref_filter_regex, is_inclusion_filter):
+    does_match = bool(ref_filter_regex.search(refname))
+    if is_inclusion_filter:
+        return does_match
+    else:  # exclusion filter -- we include the ref if the regex doesn't match
+        return not does_match
+
+
+def run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer):
+    ref_filter_regex, is_inclusion_filter = environment.get_ref_filter_regex(True)
+    changes = []
+    for line in sys.stdin:
+        (oldrev, newrev, refname) = line.strip().split(' ', 2)
+        if not include_ref(refname, ref_filter_regex, is_inclusion_filter):
+            continue
+        changes.append(
+            ReferenceChange.create(environment, oldrev, newrev, refname)
+            )
+    if changes:
+        push = Push(environment, changes)
+        push.send_emails(mailer, body_filter=environment.filter_body)
+    if hasattr(mailer, '__del__'):
+        mailer.__del__()
+
+
+def run_as_update_hook(environment, mailer, refname, oldrev, newrev, force_send=False):
+    ref_filter_regex, is_inclusion_filter = environment.get_ref_filter_regex(True)
+    if not include_ref(refname, ref_filter_regex, is_inclusion_filter):
+        return
+    changes = [
+        ReferenceChange.create(
+            environment,
+            read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', oldrev]),
+            read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', newrev]),
+            refname,
+            ),
+        ]
+    push = Push(environment, changes, force_send)
+    push.send_emails(mailer, body_filter=environment.filter_body)
+    if hasattr(mailer, '__del__'):
+        mailer.__del__()
+
+
+def choose_mailer(config, environment):
+    mailer = config.get('mailer', default='sendmail')
+
+    if mailer == 'smtp':
+        smtpserver = config.get('smtpserver', default='localhost')
+        smtpservertimeout = float(config.get('smtpservertimeout', default=10.0))
+        smtpserverdebuglevel = int(config.get('smtpserverdebuglevel', default=0))
+        smtpencryption = config.get('smtpencryption', default='none')
+        smtpuser = config.get('smtpuser', default='')
+        smtppass = config.get('smtppass', default='')
+        smtpcacerts = config.get('smtpcacerts', default='')
+        mailer = SMTPMailer(
+            envelopesender=(environment.get_sender() or environment.get_fromaddr()),
+            smtpserver=smtpserver, smtpservertimeout=smtpservertimeout,
+            smtpserverdebuglevel=smtpserverdebuglevel,
+            smtpencryption=smtpencryption,
+            smtpuser=smtpuser,
+            smtppass=smtppass,
+            smtpcacerts=smtpcacerts
+            )
+    elif mailer == 'sendmail':
+        command = config.get('sendmailcommand')
+        if command:
+            command = shlex.split(command)
+        mailer = SendMailer(command=command, envelopesender=environment.get_sender())
+    else:
+        environment.log_error(
+            'fatal: multimailhook.mailer is set to an incorrect value: "%s"\n' % mailer +
+            'please use one of "smtp" or "sendmail".\n'
+            )
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return mailer
+
+
+KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS = {
+    'generic': GenericEnvironmentMixin,
+    'gitolite': GitoliteEnvironmentMixin,
+    'stash': StashEnvironmentMixin,
+    'gerrit': GerritEnvironmentMixin,
+    }
+
+
+def choose_environment(config, osenv=None, env=None, recipients=None,
+                       hook_info=None):
+    if not osenv:
+        osenv = os.environ
+
+    environment_mixins = [
+        ConfigRefFilterEnvironmentMixin,
+        ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+        ]
+    environment_kw = {
+        'osenv': osenv,
+        'config': config,
+        }
+
+    if not env:
+        env = config.get('environment')
+
+    if not env:
+        if 'GL_USER' in osenv and 'GL_REPO' in osenv:
+            env = 'gitolite'
+        else:
+            env = 'generic'
+
+    environment_mixins.insert(0, KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS[env])
+
+    if env == 'stash':
+        environment_kw['user'] = hook_info['stash_user']
+        environment_kw['repo'] = hook_info['stash_repo']
+    elif env == 'gerrit':
+        environment_kw['project'] = hook_info['project']
+        environment_kw['submitter'] = hook_info['submitter']
+        environment_kw['update_method'] = hook_info['update_method']
+
+    if recipients:
+        environment_mixins.insert(0, StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin)
+        environment_kw['refchange_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['announce_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['revision_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['scancommitforcc'] = config.get('scancommitforcc')
+    else:
+        environment_mixins.insert(0, ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin)
+
+    environment_klass = type(
+        'EffectiveEnvironment',
+        tuple(environment_mixins) + (Environment,),
+        {},
+        )
+    return environment_klass(**environment_kw)
+
+
+def get_version():
+    oldcwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        try:
+            os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)))
+            git_version = read_git_output(['describe', '--tags', 'HEAD'])
+            if git_version == __version__:
+                return git_version
+            else:
+                return '%s (%s)' % (__version__, git_version)
+        except:
+            pass
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(oldcwd)
+    return __version__
+
+
+def compute_gerrit_options(options, args, required_gerrit_options):
+    if None in required_gerrit_options:
+        raise SystemExit("Error: Specify all of --oldrev, --newrev, --refname, "
+                         "and --project; or none of them.")
+
+    if options.environment not in (None, 'gerrit'):
+        raise SystemExit("Non-gerrit environments incompatible with --oldrev, "
+                         "--newrev, --refname, and --project")
+    options.environment = 'gerrit'
+
+    if args:
+        raise SystemExit("Error: Positional parameters not allowed with "
+                         "--oldrev, --newrev, and --refname.")
+
+    # Gerrit oddly omits 'refs/heads/' in the refname when calling
+    # ref-updated hook; put it back.
+    git_dir = get_git_dir()
+    if (not os.path.exists(os.path.join(git_dir, options.refname)) and
+        os.path.exists(os.path.join(git_dir, 'refs', 'heads',
+                                    options.refname))):
+        options.refname = 'refs/heads/' + options.refname
+
+    # Convert each string option unicode for Python3.
+    if PYTHON3:
+        opts = ['environment', 'recipients', 'oldrev', 'newrev', 'refname',
+                'project', 'submitter', 'stash-user', 'stash-repo']
+        for opt in opts:
+            if not hasattr(options, opt):
+                continue
+            obj = getattr(options, opt)
+            if obj:
+                enc = obj.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape')
+                dec = enc.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
+                setattr(options, opt, dec)
+
+    # New revisions can appear in a gerrit repository either due to someone
+    # pushing directly (in which case options.submitter will be set), or they
+    # can press "Submit this patchset" in the web UI for some CR (in which
+    # case options.submitter will not be set and gerrit will not have provided
+    # us the information about who pressed the button).
+    #
+    # Note for the nit-picky: I'm lumping in REST API calls and the ssh
+    # gerrit review command in with "Submit this patchset" button, since they
+    # have the same effect.
+    if options.submitter:
+        update_method = 'pushed'
+        # The submitter argument is almost an RFC 2822 email address; change it
+        # from 'User Name (email@domain)' to 'User Name <email@domain>' so it is
+        options.submitter = options.submitter.replace('(', '<').replace(')', '>')
+    else:
+        update_method = 'submitted'
+        # Gerrit knew who submitted this patchset, but threw that information
+        # away when it invoked this hook.  However, *IF* Gerrit created a
+        # merge to bring the patchset in (project 'Submit Type' is either
+        # "Always Merge", or is "Merge if Necessary" and happens to be
+        # necessary for this particular CR), then it will have the committer
+        # of that merge be 'Gerrit Code Review' and the author will be the
+        # person who requested the submission of the CR.  Since this is fairly
+        # likely for most gerrit installations (of a reasonable size), it's
+        # worth the extra effort to try to determine the actual submitter.
+        rev_info = read_git_lines(['log', '--no-walk', '--merges',
+                                   '--format=%cN%n%aN <%aE>', options.newrev])
+        if rev_info and rev_info[0] == 'Gerrit Code Review':
+            options.submitter = rev_info[1]
+
+    # We pass back refname, oldrev, newrev as args because then the
+    # gerrit ref-updated hook is much like the git update hook
+    return (options,
+            [options.refname, options.oldrev, options.newrev],
+            {'project': options.project, 'submitter': options.submitter,
+             'update_method': update_method})
+
+
+def check_hook_specific_args(options, args):
+    # First check for stash arguments
+    if (options.stash_user is None) != (options.stash_repo is None):
+        raise SystemExit("Error: Specify both of --stash-user and "
+                         "--stash-repo or neither.")
+    if options.stash_user:
+        options.environment = 'stash'
+        return options, args, {'stash_user': options.stash_user,
+                               'stash_repo': options.stash_repo}
+
+    # Finally, check for gerrit specific arguments
+    required_gerrit_options = (options.oldrev, options.newrev, options.refname,
+                               options.project)
+    if required_gerrit_options != (None,) * 4:
+        return compute_gerrit_options(options, args, required_gerrit_options)
+
+    # No special options in use, just return what we started with
+    return options, args, {}
+
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        description=__doc__,
+        usage='%prog [OPTIONS]\n   or: %prog [OPTIONS] REFNAME OLDREV NEWREV',
+        )
+
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--environment', '--env', action='store', type='choice',
+        choices=list(KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS.keys()), default=None,
+        help=(
+            'Choose type of environment is in use.  Default is taken from '
+            'multimailhook.environment if set; otherwise "generic".'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--stdout', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help='Output emails to stdout rather than sending them.',
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--recipients', action='store', default=None,
+        help='Set list of email recipients for all types of emails.',
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--show-env', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Write to stderr the values determined for the environment '
+            '(intended for debugging purposes).'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--force-send', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Force sending refchange email when using as an update hook. '
+            'This is useful to work around the unreliable new commits '
+            'detection in this mode.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '-c', metavar="<name>=<value>", action='append',
+        help=(
+            'Pass a configuration parameter through to git.  The value given '
+            'will override values from configuration files.  See the -c option '
+            'of git(1) for more details.  (Only works with git >= 1.7.3)'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--version', '-v', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            "Display git-multimail's version"
+            ),
+        )
+    # The following options permit this script to be run as a gerrit
+    # ref-updated hook.  See e.g.
+    # code.google.com/p/gerrit/source/browse/Documentation/config-hooks.txt
+    # We suppress help for these items, since these are specific to gerrit,
+    # and we don't want users directly using them any way other than how the
+    # gerrit ref-updated hook is called.
+    parser.add_option('--oldrev', action='store', help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+    parser.add_option('--newrev', action='store', help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+    parser.add_option('--refname', action='store', help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+    parser.add_option('--project', action='store', help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+    parser.add_option('--submitter', action='store', help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+
+    # The following allow this to be run as a stash asynchronous post-receive
+    # hook (almost identical to a git post-receive hook but triggered also for
+    # merges of pull requests from the UI).  We suppress help for these items,
+    # since these are specific to stash.
+    parser.add_option('--stash-user', action='store', help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+    parser.add_option('--stash-repo', action='store', help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
+    (options, args, hook_info) = check_hook_specific_args(options, args)
+
+    if options.version:
+        sys.stdout.write('git-multimail version ' + get_version() + '\n')
+        return
+
+    if options.c:
+        Config.add_config_parameters(options.c)
+
+    config = Config('multimailhook')
+
+    try:
+        environment = choose_environment(
+            config, osenv=os.environ,
+            env=options.environment,
+            recipients=options.recipients,
+            hook_info=hook_info,
+            )
+
+        if options.show_env:
+            sys.stderr.write('Environment values:\n')
+            for (k, v) in sorted(environment.get_values().items()):
+                sys.stderr.write('    %s : %r\n' % (k, v))
+            sys.stderr.write('\n')
+
+        if options.stdout or environment.stdout:
+            mailer = OutputMailer(sys.stdout)
+        else:
+            mailer = choose_mailer(config, environment)
+
+        # Dual mode: if arguments were specified on the command line, run
+        # like an update hook; otherwise, run as a post-receive hook.
+        if args:
+            if len(args) != 3:
+                parser.error('Need zero or three non-option arguments')
+            (refname, oldrev, newrev) = args
+            run_as_update_hook(environment, mailer, refname, oldrev, newrev, options.force_send)
+        else:
+            run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer)
+    except ConfigurationException:
+        sys.exit(sys.exc_info()[1])
+    except Exception:
+        t, e, tb = sys.exc_info()
+        import traceback
+        sys.stdout.write('\n')
+        sys.stdout.write('Exception \'' + t.__name__ +
+                         '\' raised. Please report this as a bug to\n')
+        sys.stdout.write('https://github.com/git-multimail/git-multimail/issues\n')
+        sys.stdout.write('with the information below:\n\n')
+        sys.stdout.write('git-multimail version ' + get_version() + '\n')
+        sys.stdout.write('Python version ' + sys.version + '\n')
+        traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config b/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..992657bbdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Migrate a post-receive-email configuration to be usable with git_multimail.py.
+
+See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for more information.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import optparse
+
+from git_multimail import CommandError
+from git_multimail import Config
+from git_multimail import read_output
+
+
+OLD_NAMES = [
+    'mailinglist',
+    'announcelist',
+    'envelopesender',
+    'emailprefix',
+    'showrev',
+    'emailmaxlines',
+    'diffopts',
+    'scancommitforcc',
+    ]
+
+NEW_NAMES = [
+    'environment',
+    'reponame',
+    'mailinglist',
+    'refchangelist',
+    'commitlist',
+    'announcelist',
+    'announceshortlog',
+    'envelopesender',
+    'administrator',
+    'emailprefix',
+    'emailmaxlines',
+    'diffopts',
+    'emaildomain',
+    'scancommitforcc',
+    ]
+
+
+INFO = """\
+
+SUCCESS!
+
+Your post-receive-email configuration has been converted to
+git-multimail format.  Please see README and
+README.migrate-from-post-receive-email to learn about other
+git-multimail configuration possibilities.
+
+For example, git-multimail has the following new options with no
+equivalent in post-receive-email.  You might want to read about them
+to see if they would be useful in your situation:
+
+"""
+
+
+def _check_old_config_exists(old):
+    """Check that at least one old configuration value is set."""
+
+    for name in OLD_NAMES:
+        if name in old:
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _check_new_config_clear(new):
+    """Check that none of the new configuration names are set."""
+
+    retval = True
+    for name in NEW_NAMES:
+        if name in new:
+            if retval:
+                sys.stderr.write('INFO: The following configuration values already exist:\n\n')
+            sys.stderr.write('    "%s.%s"\n' % (new.section, name))
+            retval = False
+
+    return retval
+
+
+def erase_values(config, names):
+    for name in names:
+        if name in config:
+            try:
+                sys.stderr.write('...unsetting "%s.%s"\n' % (config.section, name))
+                config.unset_all(name)
+            except CommandError:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '\nWARNING: could not unset "%s.%s".  '
+                    'Perhaps it is not set at the --local level?\n\n'
+                    % (config.section, name)
+                    )
+
+
+def is_section_empty(section, local):
+    """Return True iff the specified configuration section is empty.
+
+    Iff local is True, use the --local option when invoking 'git
+    config'."""
+
+    if local:
+        local_option = ['--local']
+    else:
+        local_option = []
+
+    try:
+        read_output(
+            ['git', 'config']
+            + local_option
+            + ['--get-regexp', '^%s\.' % (section,)]
+            )
+    except CommandError, e:
+        if e.retcode == 1:
+            # This means that no settings were found.
+            return True
+        else:
+            raise
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def remove_section_if_empty(section):
+    """If the specified configuration section is empty, delete it."""
+
+    try:
+        empty = is_section_empty(section, local=True)
+    except CommandError:
+        # Older versions of git do not support the --local option, so
+        # if the first attempt fails, try without --local.
+        try:
+            empty = is_section_empty(section, local=False)
+        except CommandError:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '\nINFO: If configuration section "%s.*" is empty, you might want '
+                'to delete it.\n\n'
+                % (section,)
+                )
+            return
+
+    if empty:
+        sys.stderr.write('...removing section "%s.*"\n' % (section,))
+        read_output(['git', 'config', '--remove-section', section])
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '\nINFO: Configuration section "%s.*" still has contents.  '
+            'It will not be deleted.\n\n'
+            % (section,)
+            )
+
+
+def migrate_config(strict=False, retain=False, overwrite=False):
+    old = Config('hooks')
+    new = Config('multimailhook')
+    if not _check_old_config_exists(old):
+        sys.exit(
+            'Your repository has no post-receive-email configuration.  '
+            'Nothing to do.'
+            )
+    if not _check_new_config_clear(new):
+        if overwrite:
+            sys.stderr.write('\nWARNING: Erasing the above values...\n\n')
+            erase_values(new, NEW_NAMES)
+        else:
+            sys.exit(
+                '\nERROR: Refusing to overwrite existing values.  Use the --overwrite\n'
+                'option to continue anyway.'
+                )
+
+    name = 'showrev'
+    if name in old:
+        msg = 'git-multimail does not support "%s.%s"' % (old.section, name,)
+        if strict:
+            sys.exit(
+                'ERROR: %s.\n'
+                'Please unset that value then try again, or run without --strict.'
+                % (msg,)
+                )
+        else:
+            sys.stderr.write('\nWARNING: %s (ignoring).\n\n' % (msg,))
+
+    for name in ['mailinglist', 'announcelist']:
+        if name in old:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+                )
+            new.set_recipients(name, old.get_recipients(name))
+
+    if strict:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.commitlist" to the empty string\n' % (new.section,)
+            )
+        new.set_recipients('commitlist', '')
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.announceshortlog" to "true"\n' % (new.section,)
+            )
+        new.set('announceshortlog', 'true')
+
+    for name in ['envelopesender', 'emailmaxlines', 'diffopts', 'scancommitforcc']:
+        if name in old:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+                )
+            new.set(name, old.get(name))
+
+    name = 'emailprefix'
+    if name in old:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+            )
+        new.set(name, old.get(name))
+    elif strict:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.%s" to "[SCM]" to preserve old subject lines\n'
+            % (new.section, name)
+            )
+        new.set(name, '[SCM]')
+
+    if not retain:
+        erase_values(old, OLD_NAMES)
+        remove_section_if_empty(old.section)
+
+    sys.stderr.write(INFO)
+    for name in NEW_NAMES:
+        if name not in OLD_NAMES:
+            sys.stderr.write('    "%s.%s"\n' % (new.section, name,))
+    sys.stderr.write('\n')
+
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        description=__doc__,
+        usage='%prog [OPTIONS]',
+        )
+
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--strict', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Slavishly configure git-multimail as closely as possible to '
+            'the post-receive-email configuration.  Default is to turn '
+            'on some new features that have no equivalent in post-receive-email.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--retain', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Retain the post-receive-email configuration values.  '
+            'Default is to delete them after the new values are set.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--overwrite', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Overwrite any existing git-multimail configuration settings.  '
+            'Default is to abort if such settings already exist.'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    if args:
+        parser.error('Unexpected arguments: %s' % (' '.join(args),))
+
+    migrate_config(strict=options.strict, retain=options.retain, overwrite=options.overwrite)
+
+
+main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive.example b/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive.example
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1ea113d274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive.example
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Example post-receive hook based on git-multimail.
+
+The simplest way to use git-multimail is to use the script
+git_multimail.py directly as a post-receive hook, and to configure it
+using Git's configuration files and command-line parameters.  You can
+also write your own Python wrapper for more advanced configurability,
+using git_multimail.py as a Python module.
+
+This script is a simple example of such a post-receive hook.  It is
+intended to be customized before use; see the comments in the script
+to help you get started.
+
+Using git-multimail as a Python module as done here provides more
+flexibility.  It has the following advantages:
+
+* The tool's behavior can be customized using arbitrary Python code,
+  without having to edit git_multimail.py.
+
+* Configuration settings can be read from other sources; for example,
+  user names and email addresses could be read from LDAP or from a
+  database.  Or the settings can even be hardcoded in the importing
+  Python script, if this is preferred.
+
+This script is a very basic example of how to use git_multimail.py as
+a module.  The comments below explain some of the points at which the
+script's behavior could be changed or customized.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+
+# If necessary, add the path to the directory containing
+# git_multimail.py to the Python path as follows.  (This is not
+# necessary if git_multimail.py is in the same directory as this
+# script):
+
+#LIBDIR = 'path/to/directory/containing/module'
+#sys.path.insert(0, LIBDIR)
+
+import git_multimail
+
+# It is possible to modify the output templates here; e.g.:
+
+#git_multimail.FOOTER_TEMPLATE = """\
+#
+#-- \n\
+#This email was generated by the wonderful git-multimail tool.
+#"""
+
+
+# Specify which "git config" section contains the configuration for
+# git-multimail:
+config = git_multimail.Config('multimailhook')
+
+# Set some Git configuration variables. Equivalent to passing var=val
+# to "git -c var=val" each time git is called, or to adding the
+# configuration in .git/config (must come before instanciating the
+# environment) :
+#git_multimail.Config.add_config_parameters('multimailhook.commitEmailFormat=html')
+#git_multimail.Config.add_config_parameters(('user.name=foo', 'user.email=foo@example.com'))
+
+# Select the type of environment:
+try:
+    environment = git_multimail.GenericEnvironment(config=config)
+    #environment = git_multimail.GitoliteEnvironment(config=config)
+except git_multimail.ConfigurationException:
+    sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % sys.exc_info()[1])
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+# Choose the method of sending emails based on the git config:
+mailer = git_multimail.choose_mailer(config, environment)
+
+# Alternatively, you may hardcode the mailer using code like one of
+# the following:
+
+# Use "/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t" to send emails.  The envelopesender
+# argument is optional:
+#mailer = git_multimail.SendMailer(
+#    command=['/usr/sbin/sendmail', '-oi', '-t'],
+#    envelopesender='git-repo@example.com',
+#    )
+
+# Use Python's smtplib to send emails.  Both arguments are required.
+#mailer = git_multimail.SMTPMailer(
+#    envelopesender='git-repo@example.com',
+#    # The smtpserver argument can also include a port number; e.g.,
+#    #     smtpserver='mail.example.com:25'
+#    smtpserver='mail.example.com',
+#    )
+
+# OutputMailer is intended only for testing; it writes the emails to
+# the specified file stream.
+#mailer = git_multimail.OutputMailer(sys.stdout)
+
+
+# Read changes from stdin and send notification emails:
+git_multimail.run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer)
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
index ba077c13f9..8747b84334 100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
+++ b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
@@ -2,10 +2,19 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
 #
-# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.  This hook
-# sends emails listing new revisions to the repository introduced by the
-# change being reported.  The rule is that (for branch updates) each commit
-# will appear on one email and one email only.
+# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.
+#
+# NOTE: This script is no longer under active development.  There
+# is another script, git-multimail, which is more capable and
+# configurable and is largely backwards-compatible with this script;
+# please see "contrib/hooks/multimail/".  For instructions on how to
+# migrate from post-receive-email to git-multimail, please see
+# "README.migrate-from-post-receive-email" in that directory.
+#
+# This hook sends emails listing new revisions to the repository
+# introduced by the change being reported.  The rule is that (for
+# branch updates) each commit will appear on one email and one email
+# only.
 #
 # This hook is stored in the contrib/hooks directory.  Your distribution
 # will have put this somewhere standard.  You should make this script
@@ -13,7 +22,6 @@
 # For example, on debian the hook is stored in
 # /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email:
 #
-#  chmod a+x post-receive-email
 #  cd /path/to/your/repository.git
 #  ln -sf /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email hooks/post-receive
 #
@@ -85,7 +93,6 @@ prep_for_email()
 	oldrev=$(git rev-parse $1)
 	newrev=$(git rev-parse $2)
 	refname="$3"
-	maxlines=$4
 
 	# --- Interpret
 	# 0000->1234 (create)
@@ -234,10 +241,14 @@ generate_email_header()
 	cat <<-EOF
 	To: $recipients
 	Subject: ${emailprefix}$projectdesc $refname_type $short_refname ${change_type}d. $describe
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 	X-Git-Refname: $refname
 	X-Git-Reftype: $refname_type
 	X-Git-Oldrev: $oldrev
 	X-Git-Newrev: $newrev
+	Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
 
 	This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script. It was
 	generated because a ref change was pushed to the repository containing
@@ -404,7 +415,7 @@ generate_update_branch_email()
 			echo "            \\"
 			echo "             O -- O -- O ($oldrev)"
 			echo ""
-			echo "The removed revisions are not necessarilly gone - if another reference"
+			echo "The removed revisions are not necessarily gone - if another reference"
 			echo "still refers to them they will stay in the repository."
 			rewind_only=1
 		else
@@ -461,8 +472,8 @@ generate_delete_branch_email()
 {
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
-	echo $LOGEND
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	echo $LOGBEGIN
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
@@ -538,11 +549,11 @@ generate_atag_email()
 		# performed on them
 		if [ -n "$prevtag" ]; then
 			# Show changes since the previous release
-			git rev-list --pretty=short "$prevtag..$newrev" | git shortlog
+			git shortlog "$prevtag..$newrev"
 		else
 			# No previous tag, show all the changes since time
 			# began
-			git rev-list --pretty=short $newrev | git shortlog
+			git shortlog $newrev
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -561,8 +572,8 @@ generate_delete_atag_email()
 {
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
-	echo $LOGEND
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	echo $LOGBEGIN
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
@@ -608,7 +619,7 @@ generate_general_email()
 	echo ""
 	if [ "$newrev_type" = "commit" ]; then
 		echo $LOGBEGIN
-		git show --no-color --root -s --pretty=medium $newrev
+		git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=medium $newrev
 		echo $LOGEND
 	else
 		# What can we do here?  The tag marks an object that is not
@@ -626,8 +637,8 @@ generate_delete_general_email()
 {
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
-	echo $LOGEND
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	echo $LOGBEGIN
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery b/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery
index 1f914c94aa..6a2cdebdb7 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery
+++ b/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 # For example, if the hook is stored in
 # /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery:
 #
-# chmod a+x pre-auto-gc-battery
 # cd /path/to/your/repository.git
 # ln -sf /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery \
 #	hooks/pre-auto-gc
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ elif grep -q "AC Power \+: 1" /proc/pmu/info 2>/dev/null
 then
 	exit 0
 elif test -x /usr/bin/pmset && /usr/bin/pmset -g batt |
-	grep -q "Currently drawing from 'AC Power'"
+	grep -q "drawing from 'AC Power'"
 then
 	exit 0
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
index a577ad095f..2770a1b1d2 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
+++ b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use File::Find;
 use File::Basename;
 
 my $usage =
-"Usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
+"usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
 This program uses a file `.gitmeta` to store/restore permissions and uid/gid
 info for all files/dirs tracked by git in the repository.
 
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid b/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid
index d18b317b2f..d18b317b2f 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid
+++ b/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae545b013d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+git-remote-mediawiki
+git-mw
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc b/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a9955d757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# These 3 rules demand to add the s, m and x flag to *every* regexp. This is
+# overkill and would be harmful for readability.
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireExtendedFormatting]
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireDotMatchAnything]
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireLineBoundaryMatching]
+
+# This rule says that builtin functions should not be called with parentheses
+# e.g.: (taken from CPAN's documentation)
+# open($handle, '>', $filename); #not ok
+# open $handle, '>', $filename;  #ok
+# Applying such a rule would mean modifying a huge number of lines for a
+# question of style.
+[-CodeLayout::ProhibitParensWithBuiltins]
+
+# This rule states that each system call should have its return value checked
+# The problem is that it includes the print call. Checking every print call's
+# return value would be harmful to the code readabilty.
+# This configuration keeps all default function but print.
+[InputOutput::RequireCheckedSyscalls]
+functions = open say close
+
+# This rules demands to add a dependancy for the Readonly module. This is not
+# wished.
+[-ValuesAndExpressions::ProhibitConstantPragma]
+
+# This rule is not really useful (rather a question of style) and produces many
+# warnings among the code.
+[-ValuesAndExpressions::ProhibitNoisyQuotes]
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm b/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d13c4dfa7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package Git::Mediawiki;
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use Git;
+
+BEGIN {
+
+our ($VERSION, @ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK);
+
+# Totally unstable API.
+$VERSION = '0.01';
+
+require Exporter;
+
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+@EXPORT = ();
+
+# Methods which can be called as standalone functions as well:
+@EXPORT_OK = qw(clean_filename smudge_filename connect_maybe
+				EMPTY HTTP_CODE_OK HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND);
+}
+
+# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
+use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => '%2F';
+
+# Used to test for empty strings
+use constant EMPTY => q{};
+
+# HTTP codes
+use constant HTTP_CODE_OK => 200;
+use constant HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND => 404;
+
+sub clean_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s{@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}}{/}g;
+	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
+	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
+	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
+	# an actual special character.
+	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
+	# If we use the uri escape before
+	# we should unescape here, before anything
+
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub smudge_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s{/}{@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}}g;
+	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
+	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in clean_filename
+	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf('%c', hex($1))/ge;
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub connect_maybe {
+	my $wiki = shift;
+	if ($wiki) {
+		return $wiki;
+	}
+
+	my $remote_name = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	my ($wiki_login, $wiki_password, $wiki_domain);
+
+	$wiki_login = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwLogin");
+	$wiki_password = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwPassword");
+	$wiki_domain = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwDomain");
+
+	$wiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
+	$wiki->{config}->{api_url} = "${remote_url}/api.php";
+	if ($wiki_login) {
+		my %credential = (
+			'url' => $remote_url,
+			'username' => $wiki_login,
+			'password' => $wiki_password
+		);
+		Git::credential(\%credential);
+		my $request = {lgname => $credential{username},
+			       lgpassword => $credential{password},
+			       lgdomain => $wiki_domain};
+		if ($wiki->login($request)) {
+			Git::credential(\%credential, 'approve');
+			print {*STDERR} qq(Logged in mediawiki user "$credential{username}".\n);
+		} else {
+			print {*STDERR} qq(Failed to log in mediawiki user "$credential{username}" on ${remote_url}\n);
+			print {*STDERR} '  (error ' .
+				$wiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+				$wiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+			Git::credential(\%credential, 'reject');
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $wiki;
+}
+
+1; # Famous last words
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4b6f7a2cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
+#
+# To build and test:
+#
+#   make
+#   bin-wrapper/git mw preview Some_page.mw
+#   bin-wrapper/git clone mediawiki::http://example.com/wiki/
+#
+# To install, run Git's toplevel 'make install' then run:
+#
+#   make install
+
+GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM=Git/Mediawiki.pm
+SCRIPT_PERL=git-remote-mediawiki.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL+=git-mw.perl
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../..
+HERE=contrib/mw-to-git/
+
+INSTALL = install
+
+SCRIPT_PERL_FULL=$(patsubst %,$(HERE)/%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+INSTLIBDIR=$(shell $(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR)/perl \
+                -s --no-print-directory instlibdir)
+DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
+INSTLIBDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(INSTLIBDIR))
+
+all: build
+
+test: all
+	$(MAKE) -C t
+
+check: perlcritic test
+
+install_pm:
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(INSTLIBDIR_SQ)/Git'
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM) \
+		'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(INSTLIBDIR_SQ)/$(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM)'
+
+build:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                build-perl-script
+
+install: install_pm
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                install-perl-script
+
+clean:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                clean-perl-script
+
+perlcritic:
+	perlcritic -5 $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+	-perlcritic -2 $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+
+.PHONY: all test check install_pm install clean perlcritic
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git b/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6663ae57e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# git executable wrapper script for Git-Mediawiki to run tests without
+# installing all the scripts and perl packages.
+
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../../..
+GIT_EXEC_PATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && cd ${GIT_ROOT_DIR} && pwd)
+
+GITPERLLIB="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/contrib/mw-to-git'"${GITPERLLIB:+:$GITPERLLIB}"
+PATH="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/contrib/mw-to-git:'"$PATH"
+
+export GITPERLLIB PATH
+
+exec "${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/bin-wrappers/git" "$@"
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..28df3ee321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Benoit Person <benoit.person@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Celestin Matte <celestin.matte@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Set of tools for git repo with a mediawiki remote.
+# Documentation & bugtracker: https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use URI::URL qw(url);
+use LWP::UserAgent;
+use HTML::TreeBuilder;
+
+use Git;
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Git::Mediawiki qw(clean_filename connect_maybe
+					EMPTY HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND);
+
+# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
+binmode STDERR, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+
+# Global parameters
+my $verbose = 0;
+sub v_print {
+	if ($verbose) {
+		return print {*STDERR} @_;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# Preview parameters
+my $file_name = EMPTY;
+my $remote_name = EMPTY;
+my $preview_file_name = EMPTY;
+my $autoload = 0;
+sub file {
+	$file_name = shift;
+	return $file_name;
+}
+
+my %commands = (
+	'help' =>
+		[\&help, {}, \&help],
+	'preview' =>
+		[\&preview, {
+			'<>' => \&file,
+			'output|o=s' => \$preview_file_name,
+			'remote|r=s' => \$remote_name,
+			'autoload|a' => \$autoload
+		}, \&preview_help]
+);
+
+# Search for sub-command
+my $cmd = $commands{'help'};
+for (0..@ARGV-1) {
+	if (defined $commands{$ARGV[$_]}) {
+		$cmd = $commands{$ARGV[$_]};
+		splice @ARGV, $_, 1;
+		last;
+	}
+};
+GetOptions( %{$cmd->[1]},
+	'help|h' => \&{$cmd->[2]},
+	'verbose|v'  => \$verbose);
+
+# Launch command
+&{$cmd->[0]};
+
+############################# Preview Functions ################################
+
+sub preview_help {
+	print {*STDOUT} <<'END';
+USAGE: git mw preview [--remote|-r <remote name>] [--autoload|-a]
+                      [--output|-o <output filename>] [--verbose|-v]
+                      <blob> | <filename>
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+Preview is an utiliy to preview local content of a mediawiki repo as if it was
+pushed on the remote.
+
+For that, preview searches for the remote name of the current branch's
+upstream if --remote is not set. If that remote is not found or if it
+is not a mediawiki, it lists all mediawiki remotes configured and asks
+you to replay your command with the --remote option set properly.
+
+Then, it searches for a file named 'filename'. If it's not found in
+the current dir, it will assume it's a blob.
+
+The content retrieved in the file (or in the blob) will then be parsed
+by the remote mediawiki and combined with a template retrieved from
+the mediawiki.
+
+Finally, preview will save the HTML result in a file. and autoload it
+in your default web browser if the option --autoload is present.
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -r <remote name>, --remote <remote name>
+        If the remote is a mediawiki, the template and the parse engine
+        used for the preview will be those of that remote.
+        If not, a list of valid remotes will be shown.
+
+    -a, --autoload
+        Try to load the HTML output in a new tab (or new window) of your
+        default web browser.
+
+    -o <output filename>, --output <output filename>
+        Change the HTML output filename. Default filename is based on the
+        input filename with its extension replaced by '.html'.
+
+    -v, --verbose
+        Show more information on what's going on under the hood.
+END
+	exit;
+}
+
+sub preview {
+	my $wiki;
+	my ($remote_url, $wiki_page_name);
+	my ($new_content, $template);
+	my $file_content;
+
+	if ($file_name eq EMPTY) {
+		die "Missing file argument, see `git mw help`\n";
+	}
+
+	v_print("### Selecting remote\n");
+	if ($remote_name eq EMPTY) {
+		$remote_name = find_upstream_remote_name();
+		if ($remote_name) {
+			$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote_name);
+		}
+
+		if (! $remote_url) {
+			my @valid_remotes = find_mediawiki_remotes();
+
+			if ($#valid_remotes == 0) {
+				print {*STDERR} "No mediawiki remote in this repo. \n";
+				exit 1;
+			} else {
+				my $remotes_list = join("\n\t", @valid_remotes);
+				print {*STDERR} <<"MESSAGE";
+There are multiple mediawiki remotes, which of:
+	${remotes_list}
+do you want ? Use the -r option to specify the remote.
+MESSAGE
+			}
+
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!is_valid_remote($remote_name)) {
+			die "${remote_name} is not a remote\n";
+		}
+
+		$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote_name);
+		if (! $remote_url) {
+			die "${remote_name} is not a mediawiki remote\n";
+		}
+	}
+	v_print("selected remote:\n\tname: ${remote_name}\n\turl: ${remote_url}\n");
+
+	$wiki = connect_maybe($wiki, $remote_name, $remote_url);
+
+	# Read file content
+	if (! -e $file_name) {
+		$file_content = git_cmd_try {
+			Git::command('cat-file', 'blob', $file_name); }
+			"%s failed w/ code %d";
+
+		if ($file_name =~ /(.+):(.+)/) {
+			$file_name = $2;
+		}
+	} else {
+		open my $read_fh, "<", $file_name
+			or die "could not open ${file_name}: $!\n";
+		$file_content = do { local $/ = undef; <$read_fh> };
+		close $read_fh
+			or die "unable to close: $!\n";
+	}
+
+	v_print("### Retrieving template\n");
+	($wiki_page_name = clean_filename($file_name)) =~ s/\.[^.]+$//;
+	$template = get_template($remote_url, $wiki_page_name);
+
+	v_print("### Parsing local content\n");
+	$new_content = $wiki->api({
+		action => 'parse',
+		text => $file_content,
+		title => $wiki_page_name
+	}, {
+		skip_encoding => 1
+	}) or die "No response from remote mediawiki\n";
+	$new_content = $new_content->{'parse'}->{'text'}->{'*'};
+
+	v_print("### Merging contents\n");
+	if ($preview_file_name eq EMPTY) {
+		($preview_file_name = $file_name) =~ s/\.[^.]+$/.html/;
+	}
+	open(my $save_fh, '>:encoding(UTF-8)', $preview_file_name)
+		or die "Could not open: $!\n";
+	print {$save_fh} merge_contents($template, $new_content, $remote_url);
+	close($save_fh)
+		or die "Could not close: $!\n";
+
+	v_print("### Results\n");
+	if ($autoload) {
+		v_print("Launching browser w/ file: ${preview_file_name}");
+		system('git', 'web--browse', $preview_file_name);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Preview file saved as: ${preview_file_name}\n";
+	}
+
+	exit;
+}
+
+# uses global scope variable: $remote_name
+sub merge_contents {
+	my $template = shift;
+	my $content = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	my ($content_tree, $html_tree, $mw_content_text);
+	my $template_content_id = 'bodyContent';
+
+	$html_tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
+	$html_tree->parse($template);
+
+	$content_tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
+	$content_tree->parse($content);
+
+	$template_content_id = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwIDcontent")
+		|| $template_content_id;
+	v_print("Using '${template_content_id}' as the content ID\n");
+
+	$mw_content_text = $html_tree->look_down('id', $template_content_id);
+	if (!defined $mw_content_text) {
+		print {*STDERR} <<"CONFIG";
+Could not combine the new content with the template. You might want to
+configure `mediawiki.IDContent` in your config:
+	git config --add remote.${remote_name}.mwIDcontent <id>
+and re-run the command afterward.
+CONFIG
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	$mw_content_text->delete_content();
+	$mw_content_text->push_content($content_tree);
+
+	make_links_absolute($html_tree, $remote_url);
+
+	return $html_tree->as_HTML;
+}
+
+sub make_links_absolute {
+	my $html_tree = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	for (@{ $html_tree->extract_links() }) {
+		my ($link, $element, $attr) = @{ $_ };
+		my $url = url($link)->canonical;
+		if ($url !~ /#/) {
+			$element->attr($attr, URI->new_abs($url, $remote_url));
+		}
+	}
+	return $html_tree;
+}
+
+sub is_valid_remote {
+	my $remote = shift;
+	my @remotes = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command('remote') }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	my $found_remote = 0;
+	foreach my $remote (@remotes) {
+		if ($remote eq $remote) {
+			$found_remote = 1;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	return $found_remote;
+}
+
+sub find_mediawiki_remotes {
+	my @remotes = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command('remote'); }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	my $remote_url;
+	my @valid_remotes = ();
+	foreach my $remote (@remotes) {
+		$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote);
+		if ($remote_url) {
+			push(@valid_remotes, $remote);
+		}
+	}
+	return @valid_remotes;
+}
+
+sub find_upstream_remote_name {
+	my $current_branch = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command_oneline('symbolic-ref', '--short', 'HEAD') }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	return Git::config("branch.${current_branch}.remote");
+}
+
+sub mediawiki_remote_url_maybe {
+	my $remote = shift;
+
+	# Find remote url
+	my $remote_url = Git::config("remote.${remote}.url");
+	if ($remote_url =~ s/mediawiki::(.*)/$1/) {
+		return url($remote_url)->canonical;
+	}
+
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_template {
+	my $url = shift;
+	my $page_name = shift;
+	my ($req, $res, $code, $url_after);
+
+	$req = LWP::UserAgent->new;
+	if ($verbose) {
+		$req->show_progress(1);
+	}
+
+	$res = $req->get("${url}/index.php?title=${page_name}");
+	if (!$res->is_success) {
+		$code = $res->code;
+		$url_after = $res->request()->uri(); # resolve all redirections
+		if ($code == HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND) {
+			if ($verbose) {
+				print {*STDERR} <<"WARNING";
+Warning: Failed to retrieve '$page_name'. Create it on the mediawiki if you want
+all the links to work properly.
+Trying to use the mediawiki homepage as a fallback template ...
+WARNING
+			}
+
+			# LWP automatically redirects GET request
+			$res = $req->get("${url}/index.php");
+			if (!$res->is_success) {
+				$url_after = $res->request()->uri(); # resolve all redirections
+				die "Failed to get homepage @ ${url_after} w/ code ${code}\n";
+			}
+		} else {
+			die "Failed to get '${page_name}' @ ${url_after} w/ code ${code}\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $res->decoded_content;
+}
+
+############################## Help Functions ##################################
+
+sub help {
+	print {*STDOUT} <<'END';
+usage: git mw <command> <args>
+
+git mw commands are:
+    help        Display help information about git mw
+    preview     Parse and render local file into HTML
+END
+	exit;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
deleted file mode 100755
index c18bfa1f15..0000000000
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,827 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/perl
-
-# Copyright (C) 2011
-#     Jérémie Nikaes <jeremie.nikaes@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Arnaud Lacurie <arnaud.lacurie@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Claire Fousse <claire.fousse@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     David Amouyal <david.amouyal@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Matthieu Moy <matthieu.moy@grenoble-inp.fr>
-# License: GPL v2 or later
-
-# Gateway between Git and MediaWiki.
-#   https://github.com/Bibzball/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
-#
-# Known limitations:
-#
-# - Only wiki pages are managed, no support for [[File:...]]
-#   attachments.
-#
-# - Poor performance in the best case: it takes forever to check
-#   whether we're up-to-date (on fetch or push) or to fetch a few
-#   revisions from a large wiki, because we use exclusively a
-#   page-based synchronization. We could switch to a wiki-wide
-#   synchronization when the synchronization involves few revisions
-#   but the wiki is large.
-#
-# - Git renames could be turned into MediaWiki renames (see TODO
-#   below)
-#
-# - login/password support requires the user to write the password
-#   cleartext in a file (see TODO below).
-#
-# - No way to import "one page, and all pages included in it"
-#
-# - Multiple remote MediaWikis have not been very well tested.
-
-use strict;
-use MediaWiki::API;
-use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
-use encoding 'utf8';
-
-# use encoding 'utf8' doesn't change STDERROR
-# but we're going to output UTF-8 filenames to STDERR
-binmode STDERR, ":utf8";
-
-use URI::Escape;
-use warnings;
-
-# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
-use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
-
-# It's not always possible to delete pages (may require some
-# priviledges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
-use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
-
-# It's not possible to create empty pages. New empty files in Git are
-# sent with this content instead.
-use constant EMPTY_CONTENT => "<!-- empty page -->\n";
-
-# used to reflect file creation or deletion in diff.
-use constant NULL_SHA1 => "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
-
-my $remotename = $ARGV[0];
-my $url = $ARGV[1];
-
-# Accept both space-separated and multiple keys in config file.
-# Spaces should be written as _ anyway because we'll use chomp.
-my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".pages"));
-chomp(@tracked_pages);
-
-# Just like @tracked_pages, but for MediaWiki categories.
-my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".categories"));
-chomp(@tracked_categories);
-
-my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwLogin");
-# TODO: ideally, this should be able to read from keyboard, but we're
-# inside a remote helper, so our stdin is connect to git, not to a
-# terminal.
-my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwPassword");
-my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwDomain");
-chomp($wiki_login);
-chomp($wiki_passwd);
-chomp($wiki_domain);
-
-# Import only last revisions (both for clone and fetch)
-my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".shallow");
-chomp($shallow_import);
-$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq "true");
-
-# Dumb push: don't update notes and mediawiki ref to reflect the last push.
-#
-# Configurable with mediawiki.dumbPush, or per-remote with
-# remote.<remotename>.dumbPush.
-#
-# This means the user will have to re-import the just-pushed
-# revisions. On the other hand, this means that the Git revisions
-# corresponding to MediaWiki revisions are all imported from the wiki,
-# regardless of whether they were initially created in Git or from the
-# web interface, hence all users will get the same history (i.e. if
-# the push from Git to MediaWiki loses some information, everybody
-# will get the history with information lost). If the import is
-# deterministic, this means everybody gets the same sha1 for each
-# MediaWiki revision.
-my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.$remotename.dumbPush");
-unless ($dumb_push) {
-	$dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush");
-}
-chomp($dumb_push);
-$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq "true");
-
-my $wiki_name = $url;
-$wiki_name =~ s/[^\/]*:\/\///;
-# If URL is like http://user:password@example.com/, we clearly don't
-# want the password in $wiki_name. While we're there, also remove user
-# and '@' sign, to avoid author like MWUser@HTTPUser@host.com
-$wiki_name =~ s/^.*@//;
-
-# Commands parser
-my $entry;
-my @cmd;
-while (<STDIN>) {
-	chomp;
-	@cmd = split(/ /);
-	if (defined($cmd[0])) {
-		# Line not blank
-		if ($cmd[0] eq "capabilities") {
-			die("Too many arguments for capabilities") unless (!defined($cmd[1]));
-			mw_capabilities();
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "list") {
-			die("Too many arguments for list") unless (!defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_list($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "import") {
-			die("Invalid arguments for import") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && !defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_import($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "option") {
-			die("Too many arguments for option") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && $cmd[2] ne "" && !defined($cmd[3]));
-			mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "push") {
-			mw_push($cmd[1]);
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
-			last;
-		}
-	} else {
-		# blank line: we should terminate
-		last;
-	}
-
-	BEGIN { $| = 1 } # flush STDOUT, to make sure the previous
-			 # command is fully processed.
-}
-
-########################## Functions ##############################
-
-# MediaWiki API instance, created lazily.
-my $mediawiki;
-
-sub mw_connect_maybe {
-	if ($mediawiki) {
-	    return;
-	}
-	$mediawiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
-	$mediawiki->{config}->{api_url} = "$url/api.php";
-	if ($wiki_login) {
-		if (!$mediawiki->login({
-			lgname => $wiki_login,
-			lgpassword => $wiki_passwd,
-			lgdomain => $wiki_domain,
-		})) {
-			print STDERR "Failed to log in mediawiki user \"$wiki_login\" on $url\n";
-			print STDERR "(error " .
-			    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
-			    $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
-			exit 1;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Logged in with user \"$wiki_login\".\n";
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_mw_first_pages {
-	my $some_pages = shift;
-	my @some_pages = @{$some_pages};
-
-	my $pages = shift;
-
-	# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
-	my $titles = join('|', @some_pages);
-
-	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->api({
-		action => 'query',
-		titles => $titles,
-	});
-	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not query the list of wiki pages.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-		exit 1;
-	}
-	while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$mw_pages->{query}->{pages}})) {
-		if ($id < 0) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
-		} else {
-			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_mw_pages {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my %pages; # hash on page titles to avoid duplicates
-	my $user_defined;
-	if (@tracked_pages) {
-		$user_defined = 1;
-		# The user provided a list of pages titles, but we
-		# still need to query the API to get the page IDs.
-
-		my @some_pages = @tracked_pages;
-		while (@some_pages) {
-			my $last = 50;
-			if ($#some_pages < $last) {
-				$last = $#some_pages;
-			}
-			my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last];
-			get_mw_first_pages(\@slice, \%pages);
-			@some_pages = @some_pages[51..$#some_pages];
-		}
-	}
-	if (@tracked_categories) {
-		$user_defined = 1;
-		foreach my $category (@tracked_categories) {
-			if (index($category, ':') < 0) {
-				# Mediawiki requires the Category
-				# prefix, but let's not force the user
-				# to specify it.
-				$category = "Category:" . $category;
-			}
-			my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list( {
-				action => 'query',
-				list => 'categorymembers',
-				cmtitle => $category,
-				cmlimit => 'max' } )
-			    || die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
-			foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
-				$pages{$page->{title}} = $page;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (!$user_defined) {
-		# No user-provided list, get the list of pages from
-		# the API.
-		my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
-			action => 'query',
-			list => 'allpages',
-			aplimit => 500,
-		});
-		if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-			print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of wiki pages.\n";
-			print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-			print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-			exit 1;
-		}
-		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
-			$pages{$page->{title}} = $page;
-		}
-	}
-	return values(%pages);
-}
-
-sub run_git {
-	open(my $git, "-|:encoding(UTF-8)", "git " . $_[0]);
-	my $res = do { local $/; <$git> };
-	close($git);
-
-	return $res;
-}
-
-
-sub get_last_local_revision {
-	# Get note regarding last mediawiki revision
-	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
-	my @note_info = split(/ /, $note);
-
-	my $lastrevision_number;
-	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq "mediawiki_revision:")) {
-		print STDERR "No previous mediawiki revision found";
-		$lastrevision_number = 0;
-	} else {
-		# Notes are formatted : mediawiki_revision: #number
-		$lastrevision_number = $note_info[1];
-		chomp($lastrevision_number);
-		print STDERR "Last local mediawiki revision found is $lastrevision_number";
-	}
-	return $lastrevision_number;
-}
-
-# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
-my %basetimestamps;
-
-sub get_last_remote_revision {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my @pages = get_mw_pages();
-
-	my $max_rev_num = 0;
-
-	foreach my $page (@pages) {
-		my $id = $page->{pageid};
-
-		my $query = {
-			action => 'query',
-			prop => 'revisions',
-			rvprop => 'ids|timestamp',
-			pageids => $id,
-		};
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		my $lastrev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}});
-
-		$basetimestamps{$lastrev->{revid}} = $lastrev->{timestamp};
-
-		$max_rev_num = ($lastrev->{revid} > $max_rev_num ? $lastrev->{revid} : $max_rev_num);
-	}
-
-	print STDERR "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
-	return $max_rev_num;
-}
-
-# Clean content before sending it to MediaWiki
-sub mediawiki_clean {
-	my $string = shift;
-	my $page_created = shift;
-	# Mediawiki does not allow blank space at the end of a page and ends with a single \n.
-	# This function right trims a string and adds a \n at the end to follow this rule
-	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
-	if ($string eq "" && $page_created) {
-		# Creating empty pages is forbidden.
-		$string = EMPTY_CONTENT;
-	}
-	return $string."\n";
-}
-
-# Filter applied on MediaWiki data before adding them to Git
-sub mediawiki_smudge {
-	my $string = shift;
-	if ($string eq EMPTY_CONTENT) {
-		$string = "";
-	}
-	# This \n is important. This is due to mediawiki's way to handle end of files.
-	return $string."\n";
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_clean_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/\//g;
-	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
-	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
-	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
-	# an actual special character.
-	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
-	# If we use the uri escape before
-	# we should unescape here, before anything
-
-	return $filename;
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_smudge_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/\//@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/g;
-	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
-	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in mediawiki_clean_filename
-	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf("%c", hex($1))/ge;
-	return $filename;
-}
-
-sub literal_data {
-	my ($content) = @_;
-	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
-}
-
-sub mw_capabilities {
-	# Revisions are imported to the private namespace
-	# refs/mediawiki/$remotename/ by the helper and fetched into
-	# refs/remotes/$remotename later by fetch.
-	print STDOUT "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/$remotename/*\n";
-	print STDOUT "import\n";
-	print STDOUT "list\n";
-	print STDOUT "push\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_list {
-	# MediaWiki do not have branches, we consider one branch arbitrarily
-	# called master, and HEAD pointing to it.
-	print STDOUT "? refs/heads/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_option {
-	print STDERR "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
-	print STDOUT "unsupported\n";
-}
-
-sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
-	my $page = shift;
-	my $id = shift;
-	my $fetch_from = shift;
-	my @page_revs = ();
-	my $query = {
-		action => 'query',
-		prop => 'revisions',
-		rvprop => 'ids',
-		rvdir => 'newer',
-		rvstartid => $fetch_from,
-		rvlimit => 500,
-		pageids => $id,
-	};
-
-	my $revnum = 0;
-	# Get 500 revisions at a time due to the mediawiki api limit
-	while (1) {
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		# Parse each of those 500 revisions
-		foreach my $revision (@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}}) {
-			my $page_rev_ids;
-			$page_rev_ids->{pageid} = $page->{pageid};
-			$page_rev_ids->{revid} = $revision->{revid};
-			push(@page_revs, $page_rev_ids);
-			$revnum++;
-		}
-		last unless $result->{'query-continue'};
-		$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
-	}
-	if ($shallow_import && @page_revs) {
-		print STDERR "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
-		@page_revs = sort {$b->{revid} <=> $a->{revid}} (@page_revs);
-		return $page_revs[0];
-	}
-	print STDERR "  Found ", $revnum, " revision(s).\n";
-	return @page_revs;
-}
-
-sub fetch_mw_revisions {
-	my $pages = shift; my @pages = @{$pages};
-	my $fetch_from = shift;
-
-	my @revisions = ();
-	my $n = 1;
-	foreach my $page (@pages) {
-		my $id = $page->{pageid};
-
-		print STDERR "page $n/", scalar(@pages), ": ". $page->{title} ."\n";
-		$n++;
-		my @page_revs = fetch_mw_revisions_for_page($page, $id, $fetch_from);
-		@revisions = (@page_revs, @revisions);
-	}
-
-	return ($n, @revisions);
-}
-
-sub import_file_revision {
-	my $commit = shift;
-	my %commit = %{$commit};
-	my $full_import = shift;
-	my $n = shift;
-
-	my $title = $commit{title};
-	my $comment = $commit{comment};
-	my $content = $commit{content};
-	my $author = $commit{author};
-	my $date = $commit{date};
-
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "mark :$n\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
-	literal_data($comment);
-
-	# If it's not a clone, we need to know where to start from
-	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master^0\n";
-	}
-	if ($content ne DELETED_CONTENT) {
-		print STDOUT "M 644 inline $title.mw\n";
-		literal_data($content);
-		print STDOUT "\n\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDOUT "D $title.mw\n";
-	}
-
-	# mediawiki revision number in the git note
-	if ($full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "reset refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
-	literal_data("Note added by git-mediawiki during import");
-	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki^0\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "N inline :$n\n";
-	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: " . $commit{mw_revision});
-	print STDOUT "\n\n";
-}
-
-# parse a sequence of
-# <cmd> <arg1>
-# <cmd> <arg2>
-# \n
-# (like batch sequence of import and sequence of push statements)
-sub get_more_refs {
-	my $cmd = shift;
-	my @refs;
-	while (1) {
-		my $line = <STDIN>;
-		if ($line =~ m/^$cmd (.*)$/) {
-			push(@refs, $1);
-		} elsif ($line eq "\n") {
-			return @refs;
-		} else {
-			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: ". $_);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub mw_import {
-	# multiple import commands can follow each other.
-	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs("import"));
-	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
-		mw_import_ref($ref);
-	}
-	print STDOUT "done\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_import_ref {
-	my $ref = shift;
-	# The remote helper will call "import HEAD" and
-	# "import refs/heads/master".
-	# Since HEAD is a symbolic ref to master (by convention,
-	# followed by the output of the command "list" that we gave),
-	# we don't need to do anything in this case.
-	if ($ref eq "HEAD") {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my @pages = get_mw_pages();
-
-	print STDERR "Searching revisions...\n";
-	my $last_local = get_last_local_revision();
-	my $fetch_from = $last_local + 1;
-	if ($fetch_from == 1) {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from beginning.\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from here.\n";
-	}
-	my ($n, @revisions) = fetch_mw_revisions(\@pages, $fetch_from);
-
-	# Creation of the fast-import stream
-	print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data...\n";
-
-	$n = 0;
-	my $last_timestamp = 0; # Placeholer in case $rev->timestamp is undefined
-
-	foreach my $pagerevid (sort {$a->{revid} <=> $b->{revid}} @revisions) {
-		# fetch the content of the pages
-		my $query = {
-			action => 'query',
-			prop => 'revisions',
-			rvprop => 'content|timestamp|comment|user|ids',
-			revids => $pagerevid->{revid},
-		};
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		my $rev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$pagerevid->{pageid}}->{revisions}});
-
-		$n++;
-
-		my %commit;
-		$commit{author} = $rev->{user} || 'Anonymous';
-		$commit{comment} = $rev->{comment} || '*Empty MediaWiki Message*';
-		$commit{title} = mediawiki_smudge_filename(
-			$result->{query}->{pages}->{$pagerevid->{pageid}}->{title}
-		    );
-		$commit{mw_revision} = $pagerevid->{revid};
-		$commit{content} = mediawiki_smudge($rev->{'*'});
-
-		if (!defined($rev->{timestamp})) {
-			$last_timestamp++;
-		} else {
-			$last_timestamp = $rev->{timestamp};
-		}
-		$commit{date} = DateTime::Format::ISO8601->parse_datetime($last_timestamp);
-
-		print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@revisions), ": Revision #$pagerevid->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
-
-		import_file_revision(\%commit, ($fetch_from == 1), $n);
-	}
-
-	if ($fetch_from == 1 && $n == 0) {
-		print STDERR "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
-		# Something has to be done remote-helper side. If nothing is done, an error is
-		# thrown saying that HEAD is refering to unknown object 0000000000000000000
-		# and the clone fails.
-	}
-}
-
-sub error_non_fast_forward {
-	my $advice = run_git("config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward");
-	chomp($advice);
-	if ($advice ne "false") {
-		# Native git-push would show this after the summary.
-		# We can't ask it to display it cleanly, so print it
-		# ourselves before.
-		print STDERR "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
-		print STDERR "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
-		print STDERR "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "error $_[0] \"non-fast-forward\"\n";
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub mw_push_file {
-	my $diff_info = shift;
-	# $diff_info contains a string in this format:
-	# 100644 100644 <sha1_of_blob_before_commit> <sha1_of_blob_now> <status>
-	my @diff_info_split = split(/[ \t]/, $diff_info);
-
-	# Filename, including .mw extension
-	my $complete_file_name = shift;
-	# Commit message
-	my $summary = shift;
-	# MediaWiki revision number. Keep the previous one by default,
-	# in case there's no edit to perform.
-	my $newrevid = shift;
-
-	my $new_sha1 = $diff_info_split[3];
-	my $old_sha1 = $diff_info_split[2];
-	my $page_created = ($old_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
-	my $page_deleted = ($new_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
-	$complete_file_name = mediawiki_clean_filename($complete_file_name);
-
-	if (substr($complete_file_name,-3) eq ".mw") {
-		my $title = substr($complete_file_name,0,-3);
-
-		my $file_content;
-		if ($page_deleted) {
-			# Deleting a page usually requires
-			# special priviledges. A common
-			# convention is to replace the page
-			# with this content instead:
-			$file_content = DELETED_CONTENT;
-		} else {
-			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1");
-		}
-
-		mw_connect_maybe();
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->edit( {
-			action => 'edit',
-			summary => $summary,
-			title => $title,
-			basetimestamp => $basetimestamps{$newrevid},
-			text => mediawiki_clean($file_content, $page_created),
-				  }, {
-					  skip_encoding => 1 # Helps with names with accentuated characters
-				  });
-		if (!$result) {
-			if ($mediawiki->{error}->{code} == 3) {
-				# edit conflicts, considered as non-fast-forward
-				print STDERR 'Warning: Error ' .
-				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
-				    ".\n";
-				return ($newrevid, "non-fast-forward");
-			} else {
-				# Other errors. Shouldn't happen => just die()
-				die 'Fatal: Error ' .
-				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
-			}
-		}
-		$newrevid = $result->{edit}->{newrevid};
-		print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $title\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDERR "$complete_file_name not a mediawiki file (Not pushable on this version of git-remote-mediawiki).\n"
-	}
-	return ($newrevid, "ok");
-}
-
-sub mw_push {
-	# multiple push statements can follow each other
-	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs("push"));
-	my $pushed;
-	for my $refspec (@refsspecs) {
-		my ($force, $local, $remote) = $refspec =~ /^(\+)?([^:]*):([^:]*)$/
-		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>");
-		if ($force) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
-		}
-		if ($local eq "") {
-			print STDERR "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote cannot delete\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		if ($remote ne "refs/heads/master") {
-			print STDERR "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote only master allowed\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		if (mw_push_revision($local, $remote)) {
-			$pushed = 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	# Notify Git that the push is done
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-
-	if ($pushed && $dumb_push) {
-		print STDERR "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
-		print STDERR "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
-		print STDERR "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		print STDERR "  git pull --rebase\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub mw_push_revision {
-	my $local = shift;
-	my $remote = shift; # actually, this has to be "refs/heads/master" at this point.
-	my $last_local_revid = get_last_local_revision();
-	print STDERR ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
-	my $last_remote_revid = get_last_remote_revision();
-	my $mw_revision = $last_remote_revid;
-
-	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by local HEAD
-	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse $local 2>/dev/null"); chomp($HEAD_sha1);
-	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by remotes/$remotename/master
-	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
-	chomp($remoteorigin_sha1);
-
-	if ($last_local_revid > 0 &&
-	    $last_local_revid < $last_remote_revid) {
-		return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-	}
-
-	if ($HEAD_sha1 eq $remoteorigin_sha1) {
-		# nothing to push
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	# Get every commit in between HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master,
-	# including HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master
-	my @commit_pairs = ();
-	if ($last_local_revid > 0) {
-		my $parsed_sha1 = $remoteorigin_sha1;
-		# Find a path from last MediaWiki commit to pushed commit
-		while ($parsed_sha1 ne $HEAD_sha1) {
-			my @commit_info =  grep(/^$parsed_sha1/, split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --children $local")));
-			if (!@commit_info) {
-				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-			}
-			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $commit_info[0]);
-			# $commit_info_split[1] is the sha1 of the commit to export
-			# $commit_info_split[0] is the sha1 of its direct child
-			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
-			$parsed_sha1 = $commit_info_split[1];
-		}
-	} else {
-		# No remote mediawiki revision. Export the whole
-		# history (linearized with --first-parent)
-		print STDERR "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
-		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children $local");
-		my @history = split('\n', $history);
-		@history = @history[1..$#history];
-		foreach my $line (reverse @history) {
-			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $line);
-			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
-		}
-	}
-
-	foreach my $commit_info_split (@commit_pairs) {
-		my $sha1_child = @{$commit_info_split}[0];
-		my $sha1_commit = @{$commit_info_split}[1];
-		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z $sha1_child $sha1_commit");
-		# TODO: we could detect rename, and encode them with a #redirect on the wiki.
-		# TODO: for now, it's just a delete+add
-		my @diff_info_list = split(/\0/, $diff_infos);
-		# Keep the first line of the commit message as mediawiki comment for the revision
-		my $commit_msg = (split(/\n/, run_git("show --pretty=format:\"%s\" $sha1_commit")))[0];
-		chomp($commit_msg);
-		# Push every blob
-		while (@diff_info_list) {
-			my $status;
-			# git diff-tree -z gives an output like
-			# <metadata>\0<filename1>\0
-			# <metadata>\0<filename2>\0
-			# and we've split on \0.
-			my $info = shift(@diff_info_list);
-			my $file = shift(@diff_info_list);
-			($mw_revision, $status) = mw_push_file($info, $file, $commit_msg, $mw_revision);
-			if ($status eq "non-fast-forward") {
-				# we may already have sent part of the
-				# commit to MediaWiki, but it's too
-				# late to cancel it. Stop the push in
-				# the middle, but still give an
-				# accurate error message.
-				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-			}
-			if ($status ne "ok") {
-				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()");
-			}
-		}
-		unless ($dumb_push) {
-			run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki add -m \"mediawiki_revision: $mw_revision\" $sha1_commit");
-			run_git("update-ref -m \"Git-MediaWiki push\" refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master $sha1_commit $sha1_child");
-		}
-	}
-
-	print STDOUT "ok $remote\n";
-	return 1;
-}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8dd74a9a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,1338 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011
+#     Jérémie Nikaes <jeremie.nikaes@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Arnaud Lacurie <arnaud.lacurie@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Claire Fousse <claire.fousse@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     David Amouyal <david.amouyal@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Matthieu Moy <matthieu.moy@grenoble-inp.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Gateway between Git and MediaWiki.
+# Documentation & bugtracker: https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/
+
+use strict;
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Git;
+use Git::Mediawiki qw(clean_filename smudge_filename connect_maybe
+					EMPTY HTTP_CODE_OK);
+use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
+use warnings;
+
+# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
+binmode STDERR, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+
+use URI::Escape;
+
+# It's not always possible to delete pages (may require some
+# privileges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
+use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
+
+# It's not possible to create empty pages. New empty files in Git are
+# sent with this content instead.
+use constant EMPTY_CONTENT => "<!-- empty page -->\n";
+
+# used to reflect file creation or deletion in diff.
+use constant NULL_SHA1 => '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000';
+
+# Used on Git's side to reflect empty edit messages on the wiki
+use constant EMPTY_MESSAGE => '*Empty MediaWiki Message*';
+
+# Number of pages taken into account at once in submodule get_mw_page_list
+use constant SLICE_SIZE => 50;
+
+# Number of linked mediafile to get at once in get_linked_mediafiles
+# The query is split in small batches because of the MW API limit of
+# the number of links to be returned (500 links max).
+use constant BATCH_SIZE => 10;
+
+if (@ARGV != 2) {
+	exit_error_usage();
+}
+
+my $remotename = $ARGV[0];
+my $url = $ARGV[1];
+
+# Accept both space-separated and multiple keys in config file.
+# Spaces should be written as _ anyway because we'll use chomp.
+my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.pages"));
+chomp(@tracked_pages);
+
+# Just like @tracked_pages, but for MediaWiki categories.
+my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.categories"));
+chomp(@tracked_categories);
+
+# Import media files on pull
+my $import_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.mediaimport");
+chomp($import_media);
+$import_media = ($import_media eq 'true');
+
+# Export media files on push
+my $export_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.mediaexport");
+chomp($export_media);
+$export_media = !($export_media eq 'false');
+
+my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwLogin");
+# Note: mwPassword is discourraged. Use the credential system instead.
+my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwPassword");
+my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwDomain");
+chomp($wiki_login);
+chomp($wiki_passwd);
+chomp($wiki_domain);
+
+# Import only last revisions (both for clone and fetch)
+my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.shallow");
+chomp($shallow_import);
+$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq 'true');
+
+# Fetch (clone and pull) by revisions instead of by pages. This behavior
+# is more efficient when we have a wiki with lots of pages and we fetch
+# the revisions quite often so that they concern only few pages.
+# Possible values:
+# - by_rev: perform one query per new revision on the remote wiki
+# - by_page: query each tracked page for new revision
+my $fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.fetchStrategy");
+if (!$fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = run_git('config --get mediawiki.fetchStrategy');
+}
+chomp($fetch_strategy);
+if (!$fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = 'by_page';
+}
+
+# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
+my %basetimestamps;
+
+# Dumb push: don't update notes and mediawiki ref to reflect the last push.
+#
+# Configurable with mediawiki.dumbPush, or per-remote with
+# remote.<remotename>.dumbPush.
+#
+# This means the user will have to re-import the just-pushed
+# revisions. On the other hand, this means that the Git revisions
+# corresponding to MediaWiki revisions are all imported from the wiki,
+# regardless of whether they were initially created in Git or from the
+# web interface, hence all users will get the same history (i.e. if
+# the push from Git to MediaWiki loses some information, everybody
+# will get the history with information lost). If the import is
+# deterministic, this means everybody gets the same sha1 for each
+# MediaWiki revision.
+my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.dumbPush");
+if (!$dumb_push) {
+	$dumb_push = run_git('config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush');
+}
+chomp($dumb_push);
+$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq 'true');
+
+my $wiki_name = $url;
+$wiki_name =~ s{[^/]*://}{};
+# If URL is like http://user:password@example.com/, we clearly don't
+# want the password in $wiki_name. While we're there, also remove user
+# and '@' sign, to avoid author like MWUser@HTTPUser@host.com
+$wiki_name =~ s/^.*@//;
+
+# Commands parser
+while (<STDIN>) {
+	chomp;
+
+	if (!parse_command($_)) {
+		last;
+	}
+
+	BEGIN { $| = 1 } # flush STDOUT, to make sure the previous
+			 # command is fully processed.
+}
+
+########################## Functions ##############################
+
+## error handling
+sub exit_error_usage {
+	die "ERROR: git-remote-mediawiki module was not called with a correct number of\n" .
+	    "parameters\n" .
+	    "You may obtain this error because you attempted to run the git-remote-mediawiki\n" .
+            "module directly.\n" .
+	    "This module can be used the following way:\n" .
+	    "\tgit clone mediawiki://<address of a mediawiki>\n" .
+	    "Then, use git commit, push and pull as with every normal git repository.\n";
+}
+
+sub parse_command {
+	my ($line) = @_;
+	my @cmd = split(/ /, $line);
+	if (!defined $cmd[0]) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if ($cmd[0] eq 'capabilities') {
+		die("Too many arguments for capabilities\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[1]));
+		mw_capabilities();
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'list') {
+		die("Too many arguments for list\n") if (defined($cmd[2]));
+		mw_list($cmd[1]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'import') {
+		die("Invalid argument for import\n")
+		    if ($cmd[1] eq EMPTY);
+		die("Too many arguments for import\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[2]));
+		mw_import($cmd[1]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'option') {
+		die("Invalid arguments for option\n")
+		    if ($cmd[1] eq EMPTY || $cmd[2] eq EMPTY);
+		die("Too many arguments for option\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[3]));
+		mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'push') {
+		mw_push($cmd[1]);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+# MediaWiki API instance, created lazily.
+my $mediawiki;
+
+sub fatal_mw_error {
+	my $action = shift;
+	print STDERR "fatal: could not $action.\n";
+	print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+	if ($url =~ /^https/) {
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: and the SSL certificate is correct.\n";
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+	}
+	print STDERR "fatal: (error " .
+	    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+	    $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+## Functions for listing pages on the remote wiki
+sub get_mw_tracked_pages {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	get_mw_page_list(\@tracked_pages, $pages);
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_page_list {
+	my $page_list = shift;
+	my $pages = shift;
+	my @some_pages = @{$page_list};
+	while (@some_pages) {
+		my $last_page = SLICE_SIZE;
+		if ($#some_pages < $last_page) {
+			$last_page = $#some_pages;
+		}
+		my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last_page];
+		get_mw_first_pages(\@slice, $pages);
+		@some_pages = @some_pages[(SLICE_SIZE + 1)..$#some_pages];
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_tracked_categories {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	foreach my $category (@tracked_categories) {
+		if (index($category, ':') < 0) {
+			# Mediawiki requires the Category
+			# prefix, but let's not force the user
+			# to specify it.
+			$category = "Category:${category}";
+		}
+		my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list( {
+			action => 'query',
+			list => 'categorymembers',
+			cmtitle => $category,
+			cmlimit => 'max' } )
+			|| die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': '
+				. $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_all_pages {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	# No user-provided list, get the list of pages from the API.
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'allpages',
+		aplimit => 'max'
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		fatal_mw_error("get the list of wiki pages");
+	}
+	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# queries the wiki for a set of pages. Meant to be used within a loop
+# querying the wiki for slices of page list.
+sub get_mw_first_pages {
+	my $some_pages = shift;
+	my @some_pages = @{$some_pages};
+
+	my $pages = shift;
+
+	# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
+	my $titles = join('|', @some_pages);
+
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->api({
+		action => 'query',
+		titles => $titles,
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		fatal_mw_error("query the list of wiki pages");
+	}
+	while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$mw_pages->{query}->{pages}})) {
+		if ($id < 0) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
+		} else {
+			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# Get the list of pages to be fetched according to configuration.
+sub get_mw_pages {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	print {*STDERR} "Listing pages on remote wiki...\n";
+
+	my %pages; # hash on page titles to avoid duplicates
+	my $user_defined;
+	if (@tracked_pages) {
+		$user_defined = 1;
+		# The user provided a list of pages titles, but we
+		# still need to query the API to get the page IDs.
+		get_mw_tracked_pages(\%pages);
+	}
+	if (@tracked_categories) {
+		$user_defined = 1;
+		get_mw_tracked_categories(\%pages);
+	}
+	if (!$user_defined) {
+		get_mw_all_pages(\%pages);
+	}
+	if ($import_media) {
+		print {*STDERR} "Getting media files for selected pages...\n";
+		if ($user_defined) {
+			get_linked_mediafiles(\%pages);
+		} else {
+			get_all_mediafiles(\%pages);
+		}
+	}
+	print {*STDERR} (scalar keys %pages) . " pages found.\n";
+	return %pages;
+}
+
+# usage: $out = run_git("command args");
+#        $out = run_git("command args", "raw"); # don't interpret output as UTF-8.
+sub run_git {
+	my $args = shift;
+	my $encoding = (shift || 'encoding(UTF-8)');
+	open(my $git, "-|:${encoding}", "git ${args}")
+	    or die "Unable to fork: $!\n";
+	my $res = do {
+		local $/ = undef;
+		<$git>
+	};
+	close($git);
+
+	return $res;
+}
+
+
+sub get_all_mediafiles {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	# Attach list of all pages for media files from the API,
+	# they are in a different namespace, only one namespace
+	# can be queried at the same moment
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'allpages',
+		apnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id('File'),
+		aplimit => 'max'
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: could not get the list of pages for media files.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_linked_mediafiles {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	my @titles = map { $_->{title} } values(%{$pages});
+
+	my $batch = BATCH_SIZE;
+	while (@titles) {
+		if ($#titles < $batch) {
+			$batch = $#titles;
+		}
+		my @slice = @titles[0..$batch];
+
+		# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
+		my $mw_titles = join('|', @slice);
+
+		# Media files could be included or linked from
+		# a page, get all related
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'links|images',
+			titles => $mw_titles,
+			plnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id('File'),
+			pllimit => 'max'
+		};
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$result->{query}->{pages}})) {
+			my @media_titles;
+			if (defined($page->{links})) {
+				my @link_titles
+				    = map { $_->{title} } @{$page->{links}};
+				push(@media_titles, @link_titles);
+			}
+			if (defined($page->{images})) {
+				my @image_titles
+				    = map { $_->{title} } @{$page->{images}};
+				push(@media_titles, @image_titles);
+			}
+			if (@media_titles) {
+				get_mw_page_list(\@media_titles, $pages);
+			}
+		}
+
+		@titles = @titles[($batch+1)..$#titles];
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision {
+	# Name of the file on Wiki, with the prefix.
+	my $filename = shift;
+	my $timestamp = shift;
+	my %mediafile;
+
+	# Search if on a media file with given timestamp exists on
+	# MediaWiki. In that case download the file.
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		prop => 'imageinfo',
+		titles => "File:${filename}",
+		iistart => $timestamp,
+		iiend => $timestamp,
+		iiprop => 'timestamp|archivename|url',
+		iilimit => 1
+	};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+	my ($fileid, $file) = each( %{$result->{query}->{pages}} );
+	# If not defined it means there is no revision of the file for
+	# given timestamp.
+	if (defined($file->{imageinfo})) {
+		$mediafile{title} = $filename;
+
+		my $fileinfo = pop(@{$file->{imageinfo}});
+		$mediafile{timestamp} = $fileinfo->{timestamp};
+		# Mediawiki::API's download function doesn't support https URLs
+		# and can't download old versions of files.
+		print {*STDERR} "\tDownloading file $mediafile{title}, version $mediafile{timestamp}\n";
+		$mediafile{content} = download_mw_mediafile($fileinfo->{url});
+	}
+	return %mediafile;
+}
+
+sub download_mw_mediafile {
+	my $download_url = shift;
+
+	my $response = $mediawiki->{ua}->get($download_url);
+	if ($response->code == HTTP_CODE_OK) {
+		# It is tempting to return
+		# $response->decoded_content({charset => "none"}), but
+		# when doing so, utf8::downgrade($content) fails with
+		# "Wide character in subroutine entry".
+		$response->decode();
+		return $response->content();
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Error downloading mediafile from :\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "URL: ${download_url}\n";
+		print {*STDERR} 'Server response: ' . $response->code . q{ } . $response->message . "\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_last_local_revision {
+	# Get note regarding last mediawiki revision
+	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=${remotename}/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master 2>/dev/null");
+	my @note_info = split(/ /, $note);
+
+	my $lastrevision_number;
+	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq 'mediawiki_revision:')) {
+		print {*STDERR} 'No previous mediawiki revision found';
+		$lastrevision_number = 0;
+	} else {
+		# Notes are formatted : mediawiki_revision: #number
+		$lastrevision_number = $note_info[1];
+		chomp($lastrevision_number);
+		print {*STDERR} "Last local mediawiki revision found is ${lastrevision_number}";
+	}
+	return $lastrevision_number;
+}
+
+# Get the last remote revision without taking in account which pages are
+# tracked or not. This function makes a single request to the wiki thus
+# avoid a loop onto all tracked pages. This is useful for the fetch-by-rev
+# option.
+sub get_last_global_remote_rev {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'recentchanges',
+		prop => 'revisions',
+		rclimit => '1',
+		rcdir => 'older',
+	};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+	return $result->{query}->{recentchanges}[0]->{revid};
+}
+
+# Get the last remote revision concerning the tracked pages and the tracked
+# categories.
+sub get_last_remote_revision {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+	my @pages = values(%pages_hash);
+
+	my $max_rev_num = 0;
+
+	print {*STDERR} "Getting last revision id on tracked pages...\n";
+
+	foreach my $page (@pages) {
+		my $id = $page->{pageid};
+
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'revisions',
+			rvprop => 'ids|timestamp',
+			pageids => $id,
+		};
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		my $lastrev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}});
+
+		$basetimestamps{$lastrev->{revid}} = $lastrev->{timestamp};
+
+		$max_rev_num = ($lastrev->{revid} > $max_rev_num ? $lastrev->{revid} : $max_rev_num);
+	}
+
+	print {*STDERR} "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
+	return $max_rev_num;
+}
+
+# Clean content before sending it to MediaWiki
+sub mediawiki_clean {
+	my $string = shift;
+	my $page_created = shift;
+	# Mediawiki does not allow blank space at the end of a page and ends with a single \n.
+	# This function right trims a string and adds a \n at the end to follow this rule
+	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
+	if ($string eq EMPTY && $page_created) {
+		# Creating empty pages is forbidden.
+		$string = EMPTY_CONTENT;
+	}
+	return $string."\n";
+}
+
+# Filter applied on MediaWiki data before adding them to Git
+sub mediawiki_smudge {
+	my $string = shift;
+	if ($string eq EMPTY_CONTENT) {
+		$string = EMPTY;
+	}
+	# This \n is important. This is due to mediawiki's way to handle end of files.
+	return "${string}\n";
+}
+
+sub literal_data {
+	my ($content) = @_;
+	print {*STDOUT} 'data ', bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	return;
+}
+
+sub literal_data_raw {
+	# Output possibly binary content.
+	my ($content) = @_;
+	# Avoid confusion between size in bytes and in characters
+	utf8::downgrade($content);
+	binmode STDOUT, ':raw';
+	print {*STDOUT} 'data ', bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_capabilities {
+	# Revisions are imported to the private namespace
+	# refs/mediawiki/$remotename/ by the helper and fetched into
+	# refs/remotes/$remotename later by fetch.
+	print {*STDOUT} "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/*\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "import\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "list\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "push\n";
+	if ($dumb_push) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "no-private-update\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_list {
+	# MediaWiki do not have branches, we consider one branch arbitrarily
+	# called master, and HEAD pointing to it.
+	print {*STDOUT} "? refs/heads/master\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_option {
+	print {*STDERR} "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "unsupported\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
+	my $page = shift;
+	my $id = shift;
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my @page_revs = ();
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		prop => 'revisions',
+		rvprop => 'ids',
+		rvdir => 'newer',
+		rvstartid => $fetch_from,
+		rvlimit => 500,
+		pageids => $id,
+
+		# Let MediaWiki know that we support the latest API.
+		continue => '',
+	};
+
+	my $revnum = 0;
+	# Get 500 revisions at a time due to the mediawiki api limit
+	while (1) {
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		# Parse each of those 500 revisions
+		foreach my $revision (@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}}) {
+			my $page_rev_ids;
+			$page_rev_ids->{pageid} = $page->{pageid};
+			$page_rev_ids->{revid} = $revision->{revid};
+			push(@page_revs, $page_rev_ids);
+			$revnum++;
+		}
+
+		if ($result->{'query-continue'}) { # For legacy APIs
+			$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
+		} elsif ($result->{continue}) { # For newer APIs
+			$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{continue}->{rvcontinue};
+			$query->{continue} = $result->{continue}->{continue};
+		} else {
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($shallow_import && @page_revs) {
+		print {*STDERR} "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
+		@page_revs = sort {$b->{revid} <=> $a->{revid}} (@page_revs);
+		return $page_revs[0];
+	}
+	print {*STDERR} "  Found ${revnum} revision(s).\n";
+	return @page_revs;
+}
+
+sub fetch_mw_revisions {
+	my $pages = shift; my @pages = @{$pages};
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+
+	my @revisions = ();
+	my $n = 1;
+	foreach my $page (@pages) {
+		my $id = $page->{pageid};
+		print {*STDERR} "page ${n}/", scalar(@pages), ': ', $page->{title}, "\n";
+		$n++;
+		my @page_revs = fetch_mw_revisions_for_page($page, $id, $fetch_from);
+		@revisions = (@page_revs, @revisions);
+	}
+
+	return ($n, @revisions);
+}
+
+sub fe_escape_path {
+    my $path = shift;
+    $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
+    $path =~ s/"/\\"/g;
+    $path =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
+    return qq("${path}");
+}
+
+sub import_file_revision {
+	my $commit = shift;
+	my %commit = %{$commit};
+	my $full_import = shift;
+	my $n = shift;
+	my $mediafile = shift;
+	my %mediafile;
+	if ($mediafile) {
+		%mediafile = %{$mediafile};
+	}
+
+	my $title = $commit{title};
+	my $comment = $commit{comment};
+	my $content = $commit{content};
+	my $author = $commit{author};
+	my $date = $commit{date};
+
+	print {*STDOUT} "commit refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "mark :${n}\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "committer ${author} <${author}\@${wiki_name}> " . $date->epoch . " +0000\n";
+	literal_data($comment);
+
+	# If it's not a clone, we need to know where to start from
+	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "from refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master^0\n";
+	}
+	if ($content ne DELETED_CONTENT) {
+		print {*STDOUT} 'M 644 inline ' .
+		    fe_escape_path("${title}.mw") . "\n";
+		literal_data($content);
+		if (%mediafile) {
+			print {*STDOUT} 'M 644 inline '
+			    . fe_escape_path($mediafile{title}) . "\n";
+			literal_data_raw($mediafile{content});
+		}
+		print {*STDOUT} "\n\n";
+	} else {
+		print {*STDOUT} 'D ' . fe_escape_path("${title}.mw") . "\n";
+	}
+
+	# mediawiki revision number in the git note
+	if ($full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "reset refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "commit refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "committer ${author} <${author}\@${wiki_name}> " . $date->epoch . " +0000\n";
+	literal_data('Note added by git-mediawiki during import');
+	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "from refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki^0\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "N inline :${n}\n";
+	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: $commit{mw_revision}");
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+# parse a sequence of
+# <cmd> <arg1>
+# <cmd> <arg2>
+# \n
+# (like batch sequence of import and sequence of push statements)
+sub get_more_refs {
+	my $cmd = shift;
+	my @refs;
+	while (1) {
+		my $line = <STDIN>;
+		if ($line =~ /^$cmd (.*)$/) {
+			push(@refs, $1);
+		} elsif ($line eq "\n") {
+			return @refs;
+		} else {
+			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: $_\n");
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_import {
+	# multiple import commands can follow each other.
+	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs('import'));
+	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
+		mw_import_ref($ref);
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "done\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref {
+	my $ref = shift;
+	# The remote helper will call "import HEAD" and
+	# "import refs/heads/master".
+	# Since HEAD is a symbolic ref to master (by convention,
+	# followed by the output of the command "list" that we gave),
+	# we don't need to do anything in this case.
+	if ($ref eq 'HEAD') {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	print {*STDERR} "Searching revisions...\n";
+	my $last_local = get_last_local_revision();
+	my $fetch_from = $last_local + 1;
+	if ($fetch_from == 1) {
+		print {*STDERR} ", fetching from beginning.\n";
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} ", fetching from here.\n";
+	}
+
+	my $n = 0;
+	if ($fetch_strategy eq 'by_rev') {
+		print {*STDERR} "Fetching & writing export data by revs...\n";
+		$n = mw_import_ref_by_revs($fetch_from);
+	} elsif ($fetch_strategy eq 'by_page') {
+		print {*STDERR} "Fetching & writing export data by pages...\n";
+		$n = mw_import_ref_by_pages($fetch_from);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} qq(fatal: invalid fetch strategy "${fetch_strategy}".\n);
+		print {*STDERR} "Check your configuration variables remote.${remotename}.fetchStrategy and mediawiki.fetchStrategy\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+
+	if ($fetch_from == 1 && $n == 0) {
+		print {*STDERR} "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
+		# Something has to be done remote-helper side. If nothing is done, an error is
+		# thrown saying that HEAD is referring to unknown object 0000000000000000000
+		# and the clone fails.
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref_by_pages {
+
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+	my @pages = values(%pages_hash);
+
+	my ($n, @revisions) = fetch_mw_revisions(\@pages, $fetch_from);
+
+	@revisions = sort {$a->{revid} <=> $b->{revid}} @revisions;
+	my @revision_ids = map { $_->{revid} } @revisions;
+
+	return mw_import_revids($fetch_from, \@revision_ids, \%pages_hash);
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref_by_revs {
+
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+
+	my $last_remote = get_last_global_remote_rev();
+	my @revision_ids = $fetch_from..$last_remote;
+	return mw_import_revids($fetch_from, \@revision_ids, \%pages_hash);
+}
+
+# Import revisions given in second argument (array of integers).
+# Only pages appearing in the third argument (hash indexed by page titles)
+# will be imported.
+sub mw_import_revids {
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my $revision_ids = shift;
+	my $pages = shift;
+
+	my $n = 0;
+	my $n_actual = 0;
+	my $last_timestamp = 0; # Placeholer in case $rev->timestamp is undefined
+
+	foreach my $pagerevid (@{$revision_ids}) {
+	        # Count page even if we skip it, since we display
+		# $n/$total and $total includes skipped pages.
+		$n++;
+
+		# fetch the content of the pages
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'revisions',
+			rvprop => 'content|timestamp|comment|user|ids',
+			revids => $pagerevid,
+		};
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		if (!$result) {
+			die "Failed to retrieve modified page for revision $pagerevid\n";
+		}
+
+		if (defined($result->{query}->{badrevids}->{$pagerevid})) {
+			# The revision id does not exist on the remote wiki.
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if (!defined($result->{query}->{pages})) {
+			die "Invalid revision ${pagerevid}.\n";
+		}
+
+		my @result_pages = values(%{$result->{query}->{pages}});
+		my $result_page = $result_pages[0];
+		my $rev = $result_pages[0]->{revisions}->[0];
+
+		my $page_title = $result_page->{title};
+
+		if (!exists($pages->{$page_title})) {
+			print {*STDERR} "${n}/", scalar(@{$revision_ids}),
+				": Skipping revision #$rev->{revid} of ${page_title}\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		$n_actual++;
+
+		my %commit;
+		$commit{author} = $rev->{user} || 'Anonymous';
+		$commit{comment} = $rev->{comment} || EMPTY_MESSAGE;
+		$commit{title} = smudge_filename($page_title);
+		$commit{mw_revision} = $rev->{revid};
+		$commit{content} = mediawiki_smudge($rev->{'*'});
+
+		if (!defined($rev->{timestamp})) {
+			$last_timestamp++;
+		} else {
+			$last_timestamp = $rev->{timestamp};
+		}
+		$commit{date} = DateTime::Format::ISO8601->parse_datetime($last_timestamp);
+
+		# Differentiates classic pages and media files.
+		my ($namespace, $filename) = $page_title =~ /^([^:]*):(.*)$/;
+		my %mediafile;
+		if ($namespace) {
+			my $id = get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
+			if ($id && $id == get_mw_namespace_id('File')) {
+				%mediafile = get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision($filename, $rev->{timestamp});
+			}
+		}
+		# If this is a revision of the media page for new version
+		# of a file do one common commit for both file and media page.
+		# Else do commit only for that page.
+		print {*STDERR} "${n}/", scalar(@{$revision_ids}), ": Revision #$rev->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
+		import_file_revision(\%commit, ($fetch_from == 1), $n_actual, \%mediafile);
+	}
+
+	return $n_actual;
+}
+
+sub error_non_fast_forward {
+	my $advice = run_git('config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward');
+	chomp($advice);
+	if ($advice ne 'false') {
+		# Native git-push would show this after the summary.
+		# We can't ask it to display it cleanly, so print it
+		# ourselves before.
+		print {*STDERR} "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} qq(error $_[0] "non-fast-forward"\n);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub mw_upload_file {
+	my $complete_file_name = shift;
+	my $new_sha1 = shift;
+	my $extension = shift;
+	my $file_deleted = shift;
+	my $summary = shift;
+	my $newrevid;
+	my $path = "File:${complete_file_name}";
+	my %hashFiles = get_allowed_file_extensions();
+	if (!exists($hashFiles{$extension})) {
+		print {*STDERR} "${complete_file_name} is not a permitted file on this wiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Check the configuration of file uploads in your mediawiki.\n";
+		return $newrevid;
+	}
+	# Deleting and uploading a file requires a priviledged user
+	if ($file_deleted) {
+		$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'delete',
+			title => $path,
+			reason => $summary
+		};
+		if (!$mediawiki->edit($query)) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Failed to delete file on remote wiki\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Check your permissions on the remote site. Error code:\n";
+			print {*STDERR} $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		# Don't let perl try to interpret file content as UTF-8 => use "raw"
+		my $content = run_git("cat-file blob ${new_sha1}", 'raw');
+		if ($content ne EMPTY) {
+			$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+			$mediawiki->{config}->{upload_url} =
+				"${url}/index.php/Special:Upload";
+			$mediawiki->edit({
+				action => 'upload',
+				filename => $complete_file_name,
+				comment => $summary,
+				file => [undef,
+					 $complete_file_name,
+					 Content => $content],
+				ignorewarnings => 1,
+			}, {
+				skip_encoding => 1
+			} ) || die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':'
+				 . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
+			my $last_file_page = $mediawiki->get_page({title => $path});
+			$newrevid = $last_file_page->{revid};
+			print {*STDERR} "Pushed file: ${new_sha1} - ${complete_file_name}.\n";
+		} else {
+			print {*STDERR} "Empty file ${complete_file_name} not pushed.\n";
+		}
+	}
+	return $newrevid;
+}
+
+sub mw_push_file {
+	my $diff_info = shift;
+	# $diff_info contains a string in this format:
+	# 100644 100644 <sha1_of_blob_before_commit> <sha1_of_blob_now> <status>
+	my @diff_info_split = split(/[ \t]/, $diff_info);
+
+	# Filename, including .mw extension
+	my $complete_file_name = shift;
+	# Commit message
+	my $summary = shift;
+	# MediaWiki revision number. Keep the previous one by default,
+	# in case there's no edit to perform.
+	my $oldrevid = shift;
+	my $newrevid;
+
+	if ($summary eq EMPTY_MESSAGE) {
+		$summary = EMPTY;
+	}
+
+	my $new_sha1 = $diff_info_split[3];
+	my $old_sha1 = $diff_info_split[2];
+	my $page_created = ($old_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
+	my $page_deleted = ($new_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
+	$complete_file_name = clean_filename($complete_file_name);
+
+	my ($title, $extension) = $complete_file_name =~ /^(.*)\.([^\.]*)$/;
+	if (!defined($extension)) {
+		$extension = EMPTY;
+	}
+	if ($extension eq 'mw') {
+		my $ns = get_mw_namespace_id_for_page($complete_file_name);
+		if ($ns && $ns == get_mw_namespace_id('File') && (!$export_media)) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Ignoring media file related page: ${complete_file_name}\n";
+			return ($oldrevid, 'ok');
+		}
+		my $file_content;
+		if ($page_deleted) {
+			# Deleting a page usually requires
+			# special privileges. A common
+			# convention is to replace the page
+			# with this content instead:
+			$file_content = DELETED_CONTENT;
+		} else {
+			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob ${new_sha1}");
+		}
+
+		$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->edit( {
+			action => 'edit',
+			summary => $summary,
+			title => $title,
+			basetimestamp => $basetimestamps{$oldrevid},
+			text => mediawiki_clean($file_content, $page_created),
+				  }, {
+					  skip_encoding => 1 # Helps with names with accentuated characters
+				  });
+		if (!$result) {
+			if ($mediawiki->{error}->{code} == 3) {
+				# edit conflicts, considered as non-fast-forward
+				print {*STDERR} 'Warning: Error ' .
+				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
+				    ' from mediawiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
+				    ".\n";
+				return ($oldrevid, 'non-fast-forward');
+			} else {
+				# Other errors. Shouldn't happen => just die()
+				die 'Fatal: Error ' .
+				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
+				    ' from mediawiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
+			}
+		}
+		$newrevid = $result->{edit}->{newrevid};
+		print {*STDERR} "Pushed file: ${new_sha1} - ${title}\n";
+	} elsif ($export_media) {
+		$newrevid = mw_upload_file($complete_file_name, $new_sha1,
+					   $extension, $page_deleted,
+					   $summary);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Ignoring media file ${title}\n";
+	}
+	$newrevid = ($newrevid or $oldrevid);
+	return ($newrevid, 'ok');
+}
+
+sub mw_push {
+	# multiple push statements can follow each other
+	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs('push'));
+	my $pushed;
+	for my $refspec (@refsspecs) {
+		my ($force, $local, $remote) = $refspec =~ /^(\+)?([^:]*):([^:]*)$/
+		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>\n");
+		if ($force) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
+		}
+		if ($local eq EMPTY) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print {*STDOUT} "error ${remote} cannot delete\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($remote ne 'refs/heads/master') {
+			print {*STDERR} "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print {*STDOUT} "error ${remote} only master allowed\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		if (mw_push_revision($local, $remote)) {
+			$pushed = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# Notify Git that the push is done
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+
+	if ($pushed && $dumb_push) {
+		print {*STDERR} "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "  git pull --rebase\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\n";
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_push_revision {
+	my $local = shift;
+	my $remote = shift; # actually, this has to be "refs/heads/master" at this point.
+	my $last_local_revid = get_last_local_revision();
+	print {*STDERR} ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
+	my $last_remote_revid = get_last_remote_revision();
+	my $mw_revision = $last_remote_revid;
+
+	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by local HEAD
+	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse ${local} 2>/dev/null");
+	chomp($HEAD_sha1);
+	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by remotes/$remotename/master
+	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/${remotename}/master 2>/dev/null");
+	chomp($remoteorigin_sha1);
+
+	if ($last_local_revid > 0 &&
+	    $last_local_revid < $last_remote_revid) {
+		return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+	}
+
+	if ($HEAD_sha1 eq $remoteorigin_sha1) {
+		# nothing to push
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	# Get every commit in between HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master,
+	# including HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master
+	my @commit_pairs = ();
+	if ($last_local_revid > 0) {
+		my $parsed_sha1 = $remoteorigin_sha1;
+		# Find a path from last MediaWiki commit to pushed commit
+		print {*STDERR} "Computing path from local to remote ...\n";
+		my @local_ancestry = split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --boundary --parents ${local} ^${parsed_sha1}"));
+		my %local_ancestry;
+		foreach my $line (@local_ancestry) {
+			if (my ($child, $parents) = $line =~ /^-?([a-f0-9]+) ([a-f0-9 ]+)/) {
+				foreach my $parent (split(/ /, $parents)) {
+					$local_ancestry{$parent} = $child;
+				}
+			} elsif (!$line =~ /^([a-f0-9]+)/) {
+				die "Unexpected output from git rev-list: ${line}\n";
+			}
+		}
+		while ($parsed_sha1 ne $HEAD_sha1) {
+			my $child = $local_ancestry{$parsed_sha1};
+			if (!$child) {
+				print {*STDERR} "Cannot find a path in history from remote commit to last commit\n";
+				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+			}
+			push(@commit_pairs, [$parsed_sha1, $child]);
+			$parsed_sha1 = $child;
+		}
+	} else {
+		# No remote mediawiki revision. Export the whole
+		# history (linearized with --first-parent)
+		print {*STDERR} "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
+		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children ${local}");
+		my @history = split(/\n/, $history);
+		@history = @history[1..$#history];
+		foreach my $line (reverse @history) {
+			my @commit_info_split = split(/[ \n]/, $line);
+			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $commit_info_split (@commit_pairs) {
+		my $sha1_child = @{$commit_info_split}[0];
+		my $sha1_commit = @{$commit_info_split}[1];
+		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z ${sha1_child} ${sha1_commit}");
+		# TODO: we could detect rename, and encode them with a #redirect on the wiki.
+		# TODO: for now, it's just a delete+add
+		my @diff_info_list = split(/\0/, $diff_infos);
+		# Keep the subject line of the commit message as mediawiki comment for the revision
+		my $commit_msg = run_git(qq(log --no-walk --format="%s" ${sha1_commit}));
+		chomp($commit_msg);
+		# Push every blob
+		while (@diff_info_list) {
+			my $status;
+			# git diff-tree -z gives an output like
+			# <metadata>\0<filename1>\0
+			# <metadata>\0<filename2>\0
+			# and we've split on \0.
+			my $info = shift(@diff_info_list);
+			my $file = shift(@diff_info_list);
+			($mw_revision, $status) = mw_push_file($info, $file, $commit_msg, $mw_revision);
+			if ($status eq 'non-fast-forward') {
+				# we may already have sent part of the
+				# commit to MediaWiki, but it's too
+				# late to cancel it. Stop the push in
+				# the middle, but still give an
+				# accurate error message.
+				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+			}
+			if ($status ne 'ok') {
+				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()\n");
+			}
+		}
+		if (!$dumb_push) {
+			run_git(qq(notes --ref=${remotename}/mediawiki add -f -m "mediawiki_revision: ${mw_revision}" ${sha1_commit}));
+		}
+	}
+
+	print {*STDOUT} "ok ${remote}\n";
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub get_allowed_file_extensions {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		meta => 'siteinfo',
+		siprop => 'fileextensions'
+		};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+	my @file_extensions = map { $_->{ext}} @{$result->{query}->{fileextensions}};
+	my %hashFile = map { $_ => 1 } @file_extensions;
+
+	return %hashFile;
+}
+
+# In memory cache for MediaWiki namespace ids.
+my %namespace_id;
+
+# Namespaces whose id is cached in the configuration file
+# (to avoid duplicates)
+my %cached_mw_namespace_id;
+
+# Return MediaWiki id for a canonical namespace name.
+# Ex.: "File", "Project".
+sub get_mw_namespace_id {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+	my $name = shift;
+
+	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
+		# Look at configuration file, if the record for that namespace is
+		# already cached. Namespaces are stored in form:
+		# "Name_of_namespace:Id_namespace", ex.: "File:6".
+		my @temp = split(/\n/,
+				 run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.namespaceCache"));
+		chomp(@temp);
+		foreach my $ns (@temp) {
+			my ($n, $id) = split(/:/, $ns);
+			if ($id eq 'notANameSpace') {
+				$namespace_id{$n} = {is_namespace => 0};
+			} else {
+				$namespace_id{$n} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $id};
+			}
+			$cached_mw_namespace_id{$n} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
+		print {*STDERR} "Namespace ${name} not found in cache, querying the wiki ...\n";
+		# NS not found => get namespace id from MW and store it in
+	        # configuration file.
+	        my $query = {
+	                action => 'query',
+	                meta => 'siteinfo',
+	                siprop => 'namespaces'
+	        };
+	        my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+	        while (my ($id, $ns) = each(%{$result->{query}->{namespaces}})) {
+	                if (defined($ns->{id}) && defined($ns->{canonical})) {
+				$namespace_id{$ns->{canonical}} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $ns->{id}};
+				if ($ns->{'*'}) {
+					# alias (e.g. french Fichier: as alias for canonical File:)
+					$namespace_id{$ns->{'*'}} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $ns->{id}};
+				}
+			}
+	        }
+	}
+
+	my $ns = $namespace_id{$name};
+	my $id;
+
+	if (!defined $ns) {
+		print {*STDERR} "No such namespace ${name} on MediaWiki.\n";
+		$ns = {is_namespace => 0};
+		$namespace_id{$name} = $ns;
+	}
+
+	if ($ns->{is_namespace}) {
+		$id = $ns->{id};
+	}
+
+	# Store "notANameSpace" as special value for inexisting namespaces
+	my $store_id = ($id || 'notANameSpace');
+
+	# Store explicitly requested namespaces on disk
+	if (!exists $cached_mw_namespace_id{$name}) {
+		run_git(qq(config --add remote.${remotename}.namespaceCache "${name}:${store_id}"));
+		$cached_mw_namespace_id{$name} = 1;
+	}
+	return $id;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_namespace_id_for_page {
+	my $namespace = shift;
+	if ($namespace =~ /^([^:]*):/) {
+		return get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
+	} else {
+		return;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
index 4d211f5b81..23b7ef9f62 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ objects from mediawiki just as one would do with a classic git
 repository thanks to remote-helpers.
 
 For more information, visit the wiki at
-https://github.com/Bibzball/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
+https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7a40b4964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+WEB/
+wiki/
+trash directory.t*/
+test-results/
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f422203fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+## Test git-remote-mediawiki
+
+all: test
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+T = $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
+
+.PHONY: help test clean all
+
+help:
+	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) test" to launch test scripts'
+	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) clean" to remove trash folders'
+
+test:
+	@for t in $(T); do \
+		echo "$$t"; \
+		"./$$t" || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.*
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03f6ee5d72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+Tests for Mediawiki-to-Git
+==========================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+This manual describes how to install the git-remote-mediawiki test
+environment on a machine with git installed on it.
+
+Prerequisite
+------------
+
+In order to run this test environment correctly, you will need to
+install the following packages (Debian/Ubuntu names, may need to be
+adapted for another distribution):
+
+* lighttpd
+* php5
+* php5-cgi
+* php5-cli
+* php5-curl
+* php5-sqlite
+
+Principles and Technical Choices
+--------------------------------
+
+The test environment makes it easy to install and manipulate one or
+several MediaWiki instances. To allow developers to run the testsuite
+easily, the environment does not require root privilege (except to
+install the required packages if needed). It starts a webserver
+instance on the user's account (using lighttpd greatly helps for
+that), and does not need a separate database daemon (thanks to the use
+of sqlite).
+
+Run the test environment
+------------------------
+
+Install a new wiki
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Once you have all the prerequisite, you need to install a MediaWiki
+instance on your machine. If you already have one, it is still
+strongly recommended to install one with the script provided. Here's
+how to work it:
+
+a. change directory to contrib/mw-to-git/t/
+b. if needed, edit test.config to choose your installation parameters
+c. run `./install-wiki.sh install`
+d. check on your favourite web browser if your wiki is correctly
+   installed.
+
+Remove an existing wiki
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Edit the file test.config to fit the wiki you want to delete, and then
+execute the command `./install-wiki.sh delete` from the
+contrib/mw-to-git/t directory.
+
+Run the existing tests
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The provided tests are currently in the `contrib/mw-to-git/t` directory.
+The files are all the t936[0-9]-*.sh shell scripts.
+
+a. Run all tests:
+To do so, run "make test" from the contrib/mw-to-git/ directory.
+
+b. Run a specific test:
+To run a given test <test_name>, run ./<test_name> from the
+contrib/mw-to-git/t directory.
+
+How to create new tests
+-----------------------
+
+Available functions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The test environment of git-remote-mediawiki provides some functions
+useful to test its behaviour. for more details about the functions'
+parameters, please refer to the `test-gitmw-lib.sh` and
+`test-gitmw.pl` files.
+
+** `test_check_wiki_precond`:
+Check if the tests must be skipped or not. Please use this function
+at the beginning of each new test file.
+
+** `wiki_getpage`:
+Fetch a given page from the wiki and puts its content in the
+directory in parameter.
+
+** `wiki_delete_page`:
+Delete a given page from the wiki.
+
+** `wiki_edit_page`:
+Create or modify a given page in the wiki. You can specify several
+parameters like a summary for the page edition, or add the page to a
+given category.
+See test-gitmw.pl for more details.
+
+** `wiki_getallpage`:
+Fetch all pages from the wiki into a given directory. The directory
+is created if it does not exists.
+
+** `test_diff_directories`:
+Compare the content of two directories. The content must be the same.
+Use this function to compare the content of a git directory and a wiki
+one created by wiki_getallpage.
+
+** `test_contains_N_files`:
+Check if the given directory contains a given number of file.
+
+** `wiki_page_exists`:
+Tests if a given page exists on the wiki.
+
+** `wiki_reset`:
+Reset the wiki, i.e. flush the database. Use this function at the
+beginning of each new test, except if the test re-uses the same wiki
+(and history) as the previous test.
+
+How to write a new test
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Please, follow the standards given by git. See git/t/README.
+New file should be named as t936[0-9]-*.sh.
+Be sure to reset your wiki regulary with the function `wiki_reset`.
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c215213c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# This script installs or deletes a MediaWiki on your computer.
+# It requires a web server with PHP and SQLite running. In addition, if you
+# do not have MediaWiki sources on your computer, the option 'install'
+# downloads them for you.
+# Please set the CONFIGURATION VARIABLES in ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+
+WIKI_TEST_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)
+
+if test -z "$WIKI_TEST_DIR"
+then
+	WIKI_TEST_DIR=.
+fi
+
+. "$WIKI_TEST_DIR"/test-gitmw-lib.sh
+usage () {
+	echo "usage: "
+	echo "	./install-wiki.sh <install | delete | --help>"
+	echo "		install | -i :	Install a wiki on your computer."
+	echo "		delete | -d : Delete the wiki and all its pages and "
+	echo "			content."
+	echo "		start  | -s : Start the previously configured lighttpd daemon"
+	echo "		stop        : Stop lighttpd daemon."
+}
+
+
+# Argument: install, delete, --help | -h
+case "$1" in
+	"install" | "-i")
+		wiki_install
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	"delete" | "-d")
+		wiki_delete
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	"start" | "-s")
+		start_lighttpd
+		exit
+		;;
+	"stop")
+		stop_lighttpd
+		exit
+		;;
+	"--help" | "-h")
+		usage
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "Invalid argument: $1"
+		usage
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5a2a4408c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+wikidb.sqlite
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..745e47e881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?php
+# This file was automatically generated by the MediaWiki 1.19.0
+# installer. If you make manual changes, please keep track in case you
+# need to recreate them later.
+#
+# See includes/DefaultSettings.php for all configurable settings
+# and their default values, but don't forget to make changes in _this_
+# file, not there.
+#
+# Further documentation for configuration settings may be found at:
+# http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings
+
+# Protect against web entry
+if ( !defined( 'MEDIAWIKI' ) ) {
+	exit;
+}
+
+## Uncomment this to disable output compression
+# $wgDisableOutputCompression = true;
+
+$wgSitename      = "Git-MediaWiki-Test";
+$wgMetaNamespace = "Git-MediaWiki-Test";
+
+## The URL base path to the directory containing the wiki;
+## defaults for all runtime URL paths are based off of this.
+## For more information on customizing the URLs please see:
+## http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Short_URL
+$wgScriptPath       = "@WG_SCRIPT_PATH@";
+$wgScriptExtension  = ".php";
+
+## The protocol and server name to use in fully-qualified URLs
+$wgServer           = "@WG_SERVER@";
+
+## The relative URL path to the skins directory
+$wgStylePath        = "$wgScriptPath/skins";
+
+## The relative URL path to the logo.  Make sure you change this from the default,
+## or else you'll overwrite your logo when you upgrade!
+$wgLogo             = "$wgStylePath/common/images/wiki.png";
+
+## UPO means: this is also a user preference option
+
+$wgEnableEmail      = true;
+$wgEnableUserEmail  = true; # UPO
+
+$wgEmergencyContact = "apache@localhost";
+$wgPasswordSender   = "apache@localhost";
+
+$wgEnotifUserTalk      = false; # UPO
+$wgEnotifWatchlist     = false; # UPO
+$wgEmailAuthentication = true;
+
+## Database settings
+$wgDBtype           = "sqlite";
+$wgDBserver         = "";
+$wgDBname           = "@WG_SQLITE_DATAFILE@";
+$wgDBuser           = "";
+$wgDBpassword       = "";
+
+# SQLite-specific settings
+$wgSQLiteDataDir    = "@WG_SQLITE_DATADIR@";
+
+
+## Shared memory settings
+$wgMainCacheType    = CACHE_NONE;
+$wgMemCachedServers = array();
+
+## To enable image uploads, make sure the 'images' directory
+## is writable, then set this to true:
+$wgEnableUploads  = true;
+$wgUseImageMagick = true;
+$wgImageMagickConvertCommand ="@CONVERT@";
+$wgFileExtensions[] = 'txt';
+
+# InstantCommons allows wiki to use images from http://commons.wikimedia.org
+$wgUseInstantCommons  = false;
+
+## If you use ImageMagick (or any other shell command) on a
+## Linux server, this will need to be set to the name of an
+## available UTF-8 locale
+$wgShellLocale = "en_US.utf8";
+
+## If you want to use image uploads under safe mode,
+## create the directories images/archive, images/thumb and
+## images/temp, and make them all writable. Then uncomment
+## this, if it's not already uncommented:
+#$wgHashedUploadDirectory = false;
+
+## Set $wgCacheDirectory to a writable directory on the web server
+## to make your wiki go slightly faster. The directory should not
+## be publicly accessible from the web.
+#$wgCacheDirectory = "$IP/cache";
+
+# Site language code, should be one of the list in ./languages/Names.php
+$wgLanguageCode = "en";
+
+$wgSecretKey = "1c912bfe3519fb70f5dc523ecc698111cd43d81a11c585b3eefb28f29c2699b7";
+#$wgSecretKey = "@SECRETKEY@";
+
+
+# Site upgrade key. Must be set to a string (default provided) to turn on the
+# web installer while LocalSettings.php is in place
+$wgUpgradeKey = "ddae7dc87cd0a645";
+
+## Default skin: you can change the default skin. Use the internal symbolic
+## names, ie 'standard', 'nostalgia', 'cologneblue', 'monobook', 'vector':
+$wgDefaultSkin = "vector";
+
+## For attaching licensing metadata to pages, and displaying an
+## appropriate copyright notice / icon. GNU Free Documentation
+## License and Creative Commons licenses are supported so far.
+$wgRightsPage = ""; # Set to the title of a wiki page that describes your license/copyright
+$wgRightsUrl  = "";
+$wgRightsText = "";
+$wgRightsIcon = "";
+
+# Path to the GNU diff3 utility. Used for conflict resolution.
+$wgDiff3 = "/usr/bin/diff3";
+
+# Query string length limit for ResourceLoader. You should only set this if
+# your web server has a query string length limit (then set it to that limit),
+# or if you have suhosin.get.max_value_length set in php.ini (then set it to
+# that value)
+$wgResourceLoaderMaxQueryLength = -1;
+
+
+
+# End of automatically generated settings.
+# Add more configuration options below.
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f3f4e018a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * This script generates a SQLite database for a MediaWiki version 1.19.0
+ * You must specify the login of the admin (argument 1) and its
+ * password (argument 2) and the folder where the database file
+ * is located (absolute path in argument 3).
+ * It is used by the script install-wiki.sh in order to make easy the
+ * installation of a MediaWiki.
+ *
+ * In order to generate a SQLite database file, MediaWiki ask the user
+ * to submit some forms in its web browser. This script simulates this
+ * behavior though the functions <get> and <submit>
+ *
+ */
+$argc = $_SERVER['argc'];
+$argv = $_SERVER['argv'];
+
+$login = $argv[2];
+$pass = $argv[3];
+$tmp = $argv[4];
+$port = $argv[5];
+
+$url = 'http://localhost:'.$port.'/wiki/mw-config/index.php';
+$db_dir = urlencode($tmp);
+$tmp_cookie = tempnam($tmp, "COOKIE_");
+/*
+ * Fetchs a page with cURL.
+ */
+function get($page_name = "") {
+	$curl = curl_init();
+	$page_name_add = "";
+	if ($page_name != "") {
+		$page_name_add = '?page='.$page_name;
+	}
+	$url = $GLOBALS['url'].$page_name_add;
+	$tmp_cookie = $GLOBALS['tmp_cookie'];
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
+
+	$page = curl_exec($curl);
+	if (!$page) {
+		die("Could not get page: $url\n");
+	}
+	curl_close($curl);
+	return $page;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Submits a form with cURL.
+ */
+function submit($page_name, $option = "") {
+	$curl = curl_init();
+	$datapost = 'submit-continue=Continue+%E2%86%92';
+	if ($option != "") {
+		$datapost = $option.'&'.$datapost;
+	}
+	$url = $GLOBALS['url'].'?page='.$page_name;
+	$tmp_cookie = $GLOBALS['tmp_cookie'];
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $datapost);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $tmp_cookie);
+
+	$page = curl_exec($curl);
+	if (!$page) {
+		die("Could not get page: $url\n");
+	}
+	curl_close($curl);
+	return "$page";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Here starts this script: simulates the behavior of the user
+ * submitting forms to generates the database file.
+ * Note this simulation was made for the MediaWiki version 1.19.0,
+ * we can't assume it works with other versions.
+ *
+ */
+
+$page = get();
+if (!preg_match('/input type="hidden" value="([0-9]+)" name="LanguageRequestTime"/',
+		$page, $matches)) {
+	echo "Unexpected content for page downloaded:\n";
+	echo "$page";
+	die;
+};
+$timestamp = $matches[1];
+$language = "LanguageRequestTime=$timestamp&uselang=en&ContLang=en";
+$page = submit('Language', $language);
+
+submit('Welcome');
+
+$db_config = 'DBType=sqlite';
+$db_config = $db_config.'&sqlite_wgSQLiteDataDir='.$db_dir;
+$db_config = $db_config.'&sqlite_wgDBname='.$argv[1];
+submit('DBConnect', $db_config);
+
+$wiki_config = 'config_wgSitename=TEST';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__NamespaceType=site-name';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config_wgMetaNamespace=MyWiki';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminName='.$login;
+
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminPassword='.$pass;
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminPassword2='.$pass;
+
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&wiki__configEmail=email%40email.org';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__SkipOptional=skip';
+submit('Name', $wiki_config);
+submit('Install');
+submit('Install');
+
+unlink($tmp_cookie);
+?>
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9da2dc5ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+test_push_pull () {
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git pull works after adding a new wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "page created after the git clone" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_1 &&
+			git pull
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_1 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_1 ref_page_1
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git pull works after editing a wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "page created before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "new line added on the wiki" true &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_2 &&
+			git pull
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_2 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_2 ref_page_2
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'git pull works on conflict handled by auto-merge' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 init
+3
+5
+	" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 init
+2 content added on wiki after clone
+3
+5
+	" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_3 &&
+		echo "1 init
+3
+4 content added on git after clone
+5
+" >Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "conflicting change on foo" &&
+			git pull &&
+			git push
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git push works after adding a file .mw' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_4 &&
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing Foo.mw &&
+			touch Foo.mw &&
+			echo "hello world" >>Foo.mw &&
+			git add Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -m "Foo" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_4 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_4 ref_page_4
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git push works after editing a file .mw' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage "Foo" "page created before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_5 &&
+			echo "new line added in the file Foo.mw" >>Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "edit file Foo.mw" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_5 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_5 ref_page_5
+	'
+
+	test_expect_failure 'Git push works after deleting a file' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "wiki page added before git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_6 &&
+			git rm Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "page Foo.mw deleted" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+
+		test_must_fail wiki_page_exist Foo
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Merge conflict expected and solving it' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 conflict
+3 wiki
+4" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_7 &&
+		echo "1 conflict
+2 git
+4" >Foo.mw &&
+			git add Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -m "conflict created" &&
+			test_must_fail git pull &&
+			"$PERL_PATH" -pi -e "s/[<=>].*//g" Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "merge conflict solved" &&
+			git push
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_failure 'git pull works after deleting a wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "wiki page added before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+
+		wiki_delete_page Foo &&
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_8 &&
+			git pull &&
+			test_path_is_missing Foo.mw
+		)
+	'
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..22f069db48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git clone'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates the expected git log with one file' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this is not important" false -c cat -s "this must be the same" &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_1 &&
+		git log --format=%s HEAD^..HEAD >log.tmp
+	) &&
+	echo "this must be the same" >msg.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_1/log.tmp msg.tmp
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates the expected git log with multiple files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "this is not important" false -s="this must be the same" &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "neither is this" true -s="this must also be the same" &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "neither is this" true -s="same same same" &&
+	wiki_editpage dj "dont care" false -s="identical" &&
+	wiki_editpage dj "dont care either" true -s="identical too" &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_2 &&
+		git log --format=%s Daddy.mw  >logDaddy.tmp &&
+		git log --format=%s Dj.mw >logDj.tmp
+	) &&
+	echo "same same same" >msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "this must also be the same" >>msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "this must be the same" >>msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "identical too" >msgDj.tmp &&
+	echo "identical" >>msgDj.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_2/logDaddy.tmp msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_2/logDj.tmp msgDj.tmp
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates only Main_Page.mw with an empty wiki' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_3 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_3/Main_Page.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone does not fetch a deleted page' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be deleted before the clone" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_4 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_4/Foo.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with page added' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo " I will be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I will be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_5 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_5 ref_page_5 &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	wiki_delete_page bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with an edited page ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page will be edited" \
+		false -s "first edition of page foo"&&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page has been edited and must be on the clone " true &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_6/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_6/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage mw_dir_6/page_ref_6 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_6 mw_dir_6/page_ref_6 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_6 &&
+		git log --format=%s HEAD^ Foo.mw > ../Foo.log
+	) &&
+	echo "first edition of page foo" > FooExpect.log &&
+	diff FooExpect.log Foo.log
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with several pages and some deleted ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page will not be deleted" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I must not be erased" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I will not be there at the end" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan delete me" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page namnam &&
+	wiki_delete_page nyancat &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_7/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_7/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_7/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_7/Nyancat.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage mw_dir_7/page_ref_7 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_7 mw_dir_7/page_ref_7
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with one specific page cloned ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "I will not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "Do not clone me" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I will be cloned :)" false  -s="this log must stay" &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan you cant clone me" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=namnam \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_8 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_8/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_8/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_8 &&
+		echo "this log must stay" >msg.tmp &&
+		git log --format=%s >log.tmp &&
+		diff -b msg.tmp log.tmp
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_8/Namnam.mw Namnam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with multiple specific page cloned ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "I will be there" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I will not disapear" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I be erased" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan you will not erase me" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page namnam &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages="foo bar nyancat namnam" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_9 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_9 3 &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_9/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Nyancat.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Bar.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Foo.mw Foo &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Nyancat.mw Nyancat
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Mediawiki-clone of several specific pages on wiki' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "foo 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "bar 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage dummy "dummy 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_1 "cloned_1 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_2 "cloned_2 2" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_3 "cloned_3 3" false &&
+	mkdir -p ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_1 ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_2 ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_3 ref_page_10 &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages="cloned_1 cloned_2 cloned_3" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_10 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_10 ref_page_10
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with the shallow option' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_11 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_11 4 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Nyan.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Nyan.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Foo.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Bar.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ) -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Nyan.mw Nyan &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Foo.mw Foo &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with the shallow option with a delete page' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "1st revision, will be deleted" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_12 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_12 3 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Nyan.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_12/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_12 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Nyan.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Bar.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ) -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Nyan.mw Nyan &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Test of fetching a category' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage Foo "I will be cloned" false -c=Category &&
+	wiki_editpage Bar "Meet me on the repository" false -c=Category &&
+	wiki_editpage Dummy "I will not come" false &&
+	wiki_editpage BarWrong "I will stay online only" false -c=NotCategory &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.categories="Category" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_13 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_13 Category &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_13 ref_page_13
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Test of resistance to modification of category on wiki for clone' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobedeleted "this page will be deleted" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobeedited "this page will be modified" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Normalone "this page wont be modified and will be on git" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Notconsidered "this page will not appear on local" false &&
+	wiki_editpage Othercategory "this page will not appear on local" false -c=Cattwo &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobeedited "this page have been modified" true -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_delete_page Tobedeleted
+	git clone -c remote.origin.categories="Catone" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_14 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_14 Catone &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_14 ref_page_14
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9ea201459b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git push and git pull simple test cases'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. ./push-pull-tests.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_push_pull
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6b0dbdac4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test git-mediawiki with special characters in filenames'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works for a wiki with accents in the page names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage féé "This page must be délétéd before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage kèè "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage hàà "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_1 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_1 ref_page_1
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git pull works with a wiki with accents in the pages names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+	wiki_editpage éàîôû "This page must be pulled" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_2 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_2 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_2 ref_page_2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Cloning a chosen page works with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=kîî \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_3/Kîî.mw Kîî &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_3/Kîî.mw &&
+	rm -rf mw_dir_3
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'The shallow option works with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage néoà "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage néoà "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_4 2 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Néoà.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_4 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Néoà.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ) -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_4/Néoà.mw Néoà &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Cloning works when page name first letter has an accent' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage îî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=îî \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_5/Îî.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_5/Îî.mw Îî
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git push works with a wiki with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage féé "lots of accents : éèàÖ" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_6 &&
+		echo "A wild Pîkächû appears on the wiki" >Pîkächû.mw &&
+		git add Pîkächû.mw &&
+		git commit -m "A new page appears" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_6 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_6 ref_page_6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with accentsand spaces' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage "é à î" "this page must be délété before the clone" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_7 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_7 ref_page_7
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'character $ in page name (mw -> git)' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage file_\$_foo "expect to be called file_$_foo" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_8/File_\$_foo.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_8 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_8 ref_page_8
+'
+
+
+
+test_expect_success 'character $ in file name (git -> mw) ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_9 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_9 &&
+		echo "this file is called File_\$_foo.mw" >File_\$_foo.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file File_\$_foo.mw" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_9 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_9 ref_page_9
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'capital at the beginning of file names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_10 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_10 &&
+		echo "my new file foo" >foo.mw &&
+		echo "my new file Foo... Finger crossed" >Foo.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file foo.mw" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_10 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_10 ref_page_10
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'special character at the beginning of file name from mw to git' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_11 &&
+	wiki_editpage {char_1 "expect to be renamed {char_1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage [char_2 "expect to be renamed [char_2" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/{char_1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/[char_2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Pull page with title containing ":" other than namespace separator' '
+	wiki_editpage Foo:Bar content false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Foo:Bar.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Push page with title containing ":" other than namespace separator' '
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		echo content >NotANameSpace:Page.mw &&
+		git add NotANameSpace:Page.mw &&
+		git commit -m "add page with colon" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_page_exist NotANameSpace:Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from mw to git' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_12 &&
+	wiki_editpage char_%_7b_1 "expect to be renamed char{_1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage char_%_5b_2 "expect to be renamed char{_2" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_12 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Char\{_1.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Char\[_2.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_12 &&
+	mv ref_page_12/Char_%_7b_1.mw ref_page_12/Char\{_1.mw &&
+	mv ref_page_12/Char_%_5b_2.mw ref_page_12/Char\[_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_12 ref_page_12
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'test of correct formatting for file name beginning with special character' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_13 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_13 &&
+		echo "my new file {char_1" >\{char_1.mw &&
+		echo "my new file [char_2" >\[char_2.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "committing some exotic file name..." &&
+		git push &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_13 &&
+	test_path_is_file ref_page_13/{char_1.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file ref_page_13/[char_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_13 ref_page_13
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from git to mw' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_14 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_14 &&
+		echo "my new file char{_1" >Char\{_1.mw &&
+		echo "my new file char[_2" >Char\[_2.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m "committing some exotic file name..." &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_14 &&
+	mv mw_dir_14/Char\{_1.mw mw_dir_14/Char_%_7b_1.mw &&
+	mv mw_dir_14/Char\[_2.mw mw_dir_14/Char_%_5b_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_14 ref_page_14
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with /' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \/fo\/o "this is not important" false -c=Deleted &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_15 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_15/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw \/fo\/o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with /' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_16 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_16/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_16 &&
+		git add %2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+		git commit -m " %2Ffo%2Fo added" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_page_exist \/fo\/o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_16/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw \/fo\/o
+
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with \' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \\ko\\o "this is not important" false -c=Deleted &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_17 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_17/\\ko\\o.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_17/\\ko\\o.mw \\ko\\o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with \' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_18 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_18/\\ko\\o.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_18 &&
+		git add \\ko\\o.mw &&
+		git commit -m " \\ko\\o added" &&
+		git push
+	)&&
+	wiki_page_exist \\ko\\o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_18/\\ko\\o.mw \\ko\\o
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with \ in format control' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \\no\\o "this is not important" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_19 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_19/\\no\\o.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_19/\\no\\o.mw \\no\\o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with \ in format control' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_20 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_20/\\fo\\o.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_20 &&
+		git add \\fo\\o.mw &&
+		git commit -m " \\fo\\o added" &&
+		git push
+	)&&
+	wiki_page_exist \\fo\\o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_20/\\fo\\o.mw \\fo\\o
+
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import meta-characters in page name (mw -> git)' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \"file\"_\\_foo "expect to be called \"file\"_\\_foo" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_21 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_21/\"file\"_\\_foo.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_21 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_21 ref_page_21
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import meta-characters in page name (git -> mw) ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_22 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_22 &&
+		echo "this file is called \"file\"_\\_foo.mw" >\"file\"_\\_foo &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file \"file\"_\\_foo" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_22 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_22 ref_page_22
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3ff3a09567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git push and git pull simple test cases'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_git_reimport () {
+	git -c remote.origin.dumbPush=true push &&
+	git -c remote.origin.mediaImport=true pull --rebase
+}
+
+# Don't bother with permissions, be administrator by default
+test_expect_success 'setup config' '
+	git config --global remote.origin.mwLogin WikiAdmin &&
+	git config --global remote.origin.mwPassword AdminPass &&
+	test_might_fail git config --global --unset remote.origin.mediaImport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can upload media (File:) files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a text file" &&
+		git push &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print STDOUT \"binary content: \".chr(255);" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a text file with binary content" &&
+		git push
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works on previously created wiki with media files' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir mw_dir_clone" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.mediaimport=true \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_clone &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_clone/Foo.txt mw_dir/Foo.txt &&
+	(cd mw_dir_clone && git checkout HEAD^) &&
+	(cd mw_dir && git checkout HEAD^) &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_clone/Foo.txt mw_dir/Foo.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can upload media (File:) files containing valid UTF-8' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print STDOUT \"UTF-8 content: éèàéê€.\";" >Bar.txt &&
+		git add Bar.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a text file with UTF-8 content" &&
+		git push
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works on previously created wiki with media files containing valid UTF-8' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir mw_dir_clone" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.mediaimport=true \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_clone &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_clone/Bar.txt mw_dir/Bar.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push & pull work with locally renamed media files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "A File" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a file" &&
+		git mv Foo.txt Bar.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Rename a file" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		echo "A File" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect Bar.txt &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can propagate local page deletion' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.mw &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.mw &&
+		git add Foo.mw &&
+		git commit -m "Add the page Foo" &&
+		git push &&
+		rm -f Foo.mw &&
+		git commit -am "Delete the page Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.mw
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can propagate local media file deletion' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Add the text file Foo" &&
+		git rm Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Delete the file Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+# test failure: the file is correctly uploaded, and then deleted but
+# as no page link to it, the import (which looks at page revisions)
+# doesn't notice the file deletion on the wiki. We fetch the list of
+# files from the wiki, but as the file is deleted, it doesn't appear.
+test_expect_failure 'git pull correctly imports media file deletion when no page link to it' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Add the text file Foo" &&
+		git push &&
+		git rm Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Delete the file Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push properly warns about insufficient permissions' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "A File" >foo.forbidden &&
+		git add foo.forbidden &&
+		git commit -m "add a file" &&
+		git push 2>actual &&
+		test_i18ngrep "foo.forbidden is not a permitted file" actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a repository with media files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage testpage "I am linking a file [[File:File.txt]]" false &&
+	echo "File content" >File.txt &&
+	wiki_upload_file File.txt &&
+	echo "Another file content" >AnotherFile.txt &&
+	wiki_upload_file AnotherFile.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport=true' '
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+		  -c remote.origin.mediaimport=true \
+			mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_15 &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir_15" &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_15 3 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/Main_Page.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/File:AnotherFile.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/AnothetFile.txt &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_15/Testpage.mw Testpage &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_15/File.txt File.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport=false' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir_16" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+			mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_16 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_16 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_16/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_16/Testpage.mw Testpage
+'
+
+# should behave like mediaimport=false
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport unset' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir_17" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_17 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_17 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_17/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_17/Testpage.mw Testpage
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5c22457a0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git pull by revision'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. ./push-pull-tests.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_expect_success 'configuration' '
+	git config --global mediawiki.fetchStrategy by_rev
+'
+
+test_push_pull
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..016454749f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: queries w/ more than 500 results'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_expect_success 'creating page w/ >500 revisions' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 501)
+	do
+		echo "creating revision $i" &&
+		wiki_editpage foo "revision $i<br/>" true
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning page w/ >500 revisions' '
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6546294f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+#
+# CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+# You might want to change these ones
+#
+
+. ./test.config
+
+WIKI_URL=http://"$SERVER_ADDR:$PORT/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+CURR_DIR=$(pwd)
+TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
+TEST_DIRECTORY="$CURR_DIR"/../../../t
+
+export TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY TEST_DIRECTORY CURR_DIR
+
+if test "$LIGHTTPD" = "false" ; then
+	PORT=80
+else
+	WIKI_DIR_INST="$CURR_DIR/$WEB_WWW"
+fi
+
+wiki_upload_file () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl upload_file "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_getpage () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl get_page "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_delete_page () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl delete_page "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_editpage () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl edit_page "$@"
+}
+
+die () {
+	die_with_status 1 "$@"
+}
+
+die_with_status () {
+	status=$1
+	shift
+	echo >&2 "$*"
+	exit "$status"
+}
+
+
+# Check the preconditions to run git-remote-mediawiki's tests
+test_check_precond () {
+	if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+	then
+		skip_all='skipping gateway git-mw tests, perl not available'
+		test_done
+	fi
+
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && cd "../.." && pwd)
+	PATH="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/bin-wrapper:'"$PATH"
+
+	if [ ! -d "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ];
+	then
+		skip_all='skipping gateway git-mw tests, no mediawiki found'
+		test_done
+	fi
+}
+
+# test_diff_directories <dir_git> <dir_wiki>
+#
+# Compare the contents of directories <dir_git> and <dir_wiki> with diff
+# and errors if they do not match. The program will
+# not look into .git in the process.
+# Warning: the first argument MUST be the directory containing the git data
+test_diff_directories () {
+	rm -rf "$1_tmp"
+	mkdir -p "$1_tmp"
+	cp "$1"/*.mw "$1_tmp"
+	diff -r -b "$1_tmp" "$2"
+}
+
+# $1=<dir>
+# $2=<N>
+#
+# Check that <dir> contains exactly <N> files
+test_contains_N_files () {
+	if test $(ls -- "$1" | wc -l) -ne "$2"; then
+		echo "directory $1 should contain $2 files"
+		echo "it contains these files:"
+		ls "$1"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+
+# wiki_check_content <file_name> <page_name>
+#
+# Compares the contents of the file <file_name> and the wiki page
+# <page_name> and exits with error 1 if they do not match.
+wiki_check_content () {
+	mkdir -p wiki_tmp
+	wiki_getpage "$2" wiki_tmp
+	# replacement of forbidden character in file name
+	page_name=$(printf "%s\n" "$2" | sed -e "s/\//%2F/g")
+
+	diff -b "$1" wiki_tmp/"$page_name".mw
+	if test $? -ne 0
+	then
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+		error "ERROR: file $2 not found on wiki"
+	fi
+	rm -rf wiki_tmp
+}
+
+# wiki_page_exist <page_name>
+#
+# Check the existence of the page <page_name> on the wiki and exits
+# with error if it is absent from it.
+wiki_page_exist () {
+	mkdir -p wiki_tmp
+	wiki_getpage "$1" wiki_tmp
+	page_name=$(printf "%s\n" "$1" | sed "s/\//%2F/g")
+	if test -f wiki_tmp/"$page_name".mw ; then
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+	else
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+		error "test failed: file $1 not found on wiki"
+	fi
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagename
+#
+# Fetch the name of each page on the wiki.
+wiki_getallpagename () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl getallpagename
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagecategory <category>
+#
+# Fetch the name of each page belonging to <category> on the wiki.
+wiki_getallpagecategory () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl getallpagename "$@"
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpage <dest_dir> [<category>]
+#
+# Fetch all the pages from the wiki and place them in the directory
+# <dest_dir>.
+# If <category> is define, then wiki_getallpage fetch the pages included
+# in <category>.
+wiki_getallpage () {
+	if test -z "$2";
+	then
+		wiki_getallpagename
+	else
+		wiki_getallpagecategory "$2"
+	fi
+	mkdir -p "$1"
+	while read -r line; do
+		wiki_getpage "$line" $1;
+	done < all.txt
+}
+
+# ================= Install part =================
+
+error () {
+	echo "$@" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# config_lighttpd
+#
+# Create the configuration files and the folders necessary to start lighttpd.
+# Overwrite any existing file.
+config_lighttpd () {
+	mkdir -p $WEB
+	mkdir -p $WEB_TMP
+	mkdir -p $WEB_WWW
+	cat > $WEB/lighttpd.conf <<EOF
+	server.document-root = "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_WWW"
+	server.port = $PORT
+	server.pid-file = "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP/pid"
+
+	server.modules = (
+	"mod_rewrite",
+	"mod_redirect",
+	"mod_access",
+	"mod_accesslog",
+	"mod_fastcgi"
+	)
+
+	index-file.names = ("index.php" , "index.html")
+
+	mimetype.assign		    = (
+	".pdf"		=>	"application/pdf",
+	".sig"		=>	"application/pgp-signature",
+	".spl"		=>	"application/futuresplash",
+	".class"	=>	"application/octet-stream",
+	".ps"		=>	"application/postscript",
+	".torrent"	=>	"application/x-bittorrent",
+	".dvi"		=>	"application/x-dvi",
+	".gz"		=>	"application/x-gzip",
+	".pac"		=>	"application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig",
+	".swf"		=>	"application/x-shockwave-flash",
+	".tar.gz"	=>	"application/x-tgz",
+	".tgz"		=>	"application/x-tgz",
+	".tar"		=>	"application/x-tar",
+	".zip"		=>	"application/zip",
+	".mp3"		=>	"audio/mpeg",
+	".m3u"		=>	"audio/x-mpegurl",
+	".wma"		=>	"audio/x-ms-wma",
+	".wax"		=>	"audio/x-ms-wax",
+	".ogg"		=>	"application/ogg",
+	".wav"		=>	"audio/x-wav",
+	".gif"		=>	"image/gif",
+	".jpg"		=>	"image/jpeg",
+	".jpeg"		=>	"image/jpeg",
+	".png"		=>	"image/png",
+	".xbm"		=>	"image/x-xbitmap",
+	".xpm"		=>	"image/x-xpixmap",
+	".xwd"		=>	"image/x-xwindowdump",
+	".css"		=>	"text/css",
+	".html"		=>	"text/html",
+	".htm"		=>	"text/html",
+	".js"		=>	"text/javascript",
+	".asc"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".c"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".cpp"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".log"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".conf"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".text"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".txt"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".dtd"		=>	"text/xml",
+	".xml"		=>	"text/xml",
+	".mpeg"		=>	"video/mpeg",
+	".mpg"		=>	"video/mpeg",
+	".mov"		=>	"video/quicktime",
+	".qt"		=>	"video/quicktime",
+	".avi"		=>	"video/x-msvideo",
+	".asf"		=>	"video/x-ms-asf",
+	".asx"		=>	"video/x-ms-asf",
+	".wmv"		=>	"video/x-ms-wmv",
+	".bz2"		=>	"application/x-bzip",
+	".tbz"		=>	"application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+	".tar.bz2"	=>	"application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+	""		=>	"text/plain"
+	)
+
+	fastcgi.server = ( ".php" =>
+	("localhost" =>
+	( "socket" => "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP/php.socket",
+	"bin-path" => "$PHP_DIR/php-cgi -c $CURR_DIR/$WEB/php.ini"
+
+	)
+	)
+	)
+EOF
+
+	cat > $WEB/php.ini <<EOF
+	session.save_path ='$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP'
+EOF
+}
+
+# start_lighttpd
+#
+# Start or restart daemon lighttpd. If restart, rewrite configuration files.
+start_lighttpd () {
+	if test -f "$WEB_TMP/pid"; then
+		echo "Instance already running. Restarting..."
+		stop_lighttpd
+	fi
+	config_lighttpd
+	"$LIGHTTPD_DIR"/lighttpd -f "$WEB"/lighttpd.conf
+
+	if test $? -ne 0 ; then
+		echo "Could not execute http deamon lighttpd"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# stop_lighttpd
+#
+# Kill daemon lighttpd and removes files and folders associated.
+stop_lighttpd () {
+	test -f "$WEB_TMP/pid" && kill $(cat "$WEB_TMP/pid")
+}
+
+# Create the SQLite database of the MediaWiki. If the database file already
+# exists, it will be deleted.
+# This script should be runned from the directory where $FILES_FOLDER is
+# located.
+create_db () {
+	rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE"
+
+	echo "Generating the SQLite database file. It can take some time ..."
+	# Run the php script to generate the SQLite database file
+	# with cURL calls.
+	php "$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_INSTALL_SCRIPT" $(basename "$DB_FILE" .sqlite) \
+		"$WIKI_ADMIN" "$WIKI_PASSW" "$TMP" "$PORT"
+
+	if [ ! -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" ] ; then
+		error "Can't create database file $TMP/$DB_FILE. Try to run ./install-wiki.sh delete first."
+	fi
+
+	# Copy the generated database file into the directory the
+	# user indicated.
+	cp "$TMP/$DB_FILE" "$FILES_FOLDER" ||
+		error "Unable to copy $TMP/$DB_FILE to $FILES_FOLDER"
+}
+
+# Install a wiki in your web server directory.
+wiki_install () {
+	if test $LIGHTTPD = "true" ; then
+		start_lighttpd
+	fi
+
+	SERVER_ADDR=$SERVER_ADDR:$PORT
+	# In this part, we change directory to $TMP in order to download,
+	# unpack and copy the files of MediaWiki
+	(
+	mkdir -p "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	if [ ! -d "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ] ; then
+		error "Folder $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME doesn't exist.
+		Please create it and launch the script again."
+	fi
+
+	# Fetch MediaWiki's archive if not already present in the TMP directory
+	MW_FILENAME="mediawiki-$MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR.tar.gz"
+	cd "$TMP"
+	if [ ! -f $MW_FILENAME ] ; then
+		echo "Downloading $MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR sources ..."
+		wget "http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/$MW_FILENAME" ||
+			error "Unable to download "\
+			"http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/"\
+			"$MW_FILENAME. "\
+			"Please fix your connection and launch the script again."
+		echo "$MW_FILENAME downloaded in $(pwd). "\
+			"You can delete it later if you want."
+	else
+		echo "Reusing existing $MW_FILENAME downloaded in $(pwd)."
+	fi
+	archive_abs_path=$(pwd)/$MW_FILENAME
+	cd "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/" ||
+		error "can't cd to $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/"
+	tar xzf "$archive_abs_path" --strip-components=1 ||
+		error "Unable to extract WikiMedia's files from $archive_abs_path to "\
+			"$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	) || exit 1
+
+	create_db
+
+	# Copy the generic LocalSettings.php in the web server's directory
+	# And modify parameters according to the ones set at the top
+	# of this script.
+	# Note that LocalSettings.php is never modified.
+	if [ ! -f "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php" ] ; then
+		error "Can't find $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php " \
+			"in the current folder. "\
+		"Please run the script inside its folder."
+	fi
+	cp "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php" \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" ||
+		error "Unable to copy $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php " \
+		"to $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+
+	# Parse and set the LocalSettings file of the user according to the
+	# CONFIGURATION VARIABLES section at the beginning of this script
+	file_swap="$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-swap.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SCRIPT_PATH@,/$WIKI_DIR_NAME," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SERVER@,http://$SERVER_ADDR," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SQLITE_DATADIR@,$TMP," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SQLITE_DATAFILE@,$( basename $DB_FILE .sqlite)," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+
+	mv "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" \
+		"$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/LocalSettings.php" ||
+		error "Unable to move $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" \
+		"in $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	echo "File $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php is set in" \
+		" $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+
+	echo "Your wiki has been installed. You can check it at
+		http://$SERVER_ADDR/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+}
+
+# Reset the database of the wiki and the password of the admin
+#
+# Warning: This function must be called only in a subdirectory of t/ directory
+wiki_reset () {
+	# Copy initial database of the wiki
+	if [ ! -f "../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE" ] ; then
+		error "Can't find ../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE in the current folder."
+	fi
+	cp "../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE" "$TMP" ||
+		error "Can't copy ../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE in $TMP"
+	echo "File $FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE is set in $TMP"
+}
+
+# Delete the wiki created in the web server's directory and all its content
+# saved in the database.
+wiki_delete () {
+	if test $LIGHTTPD = "true"; then
+		stop_lighttpd
+		rm -fr "$WEB"
+	else
+		# Delete the wiki's directory.
+		rm -rf "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ||
+			error "Wiki's directory $WIKI_DIR_INST/" \
+			"$WIKI_DIR_NAME could not be deleted"
+		# Delete the wiki's SQLite database.
+		rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" ||
+			error "Database $TMP/$DB_FILE could not be deleted."
+	fi
+
+	# Delete the wiki's SQLite database
+	rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" || error "Database $TMP/$DB_FILE could not be deleted."
+	rm -f "$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE"
+	rm -rf "$TMP/mediawiki-$MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR.tar.gz"
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0ff76259fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w -s
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Usage:
+#       ./test-gitmw.pl <command> [argument]*
+# Execute in terminal using the name of the function to call as first
+# parameter, and the function's arguments as following parameters
+#
+# Example:
+#     ./test-gitmw.pl "get_page" foo .
+# will call <wiki_getpage> with arguments <foo> and <.>
+#
+# Available functions are:
+#     "get_page"
+#     "delete_page"
+#     "edit_page"
+#     "getallpagename"
+
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use encoding 'utf8';
+use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
+use open ':encoding(utf8)';
+use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
+
+#Parsing of the config file
+
+my $configfile = "$ENV{'CURR_DIR'}/test.config";
+my %config;
+open my $CONFIG, "<",  $configfile or die "can't open $configfile: $!";
+while (<$CONFIG>)
+{
+	chomp;
+	s/#.*//;
+	s/^\s+//;
+	s/\s+$//;
+	next unless length;
+	my ($key, $value) = split (/\s*=\s*/,$_, 2);
+	$config{$key} = $value;
+	last if ($key eq 'LIGHTTPD' and $value eq 'false');
+	last if ($key eq 'PORT');
+}
+close $CONFIG or die "can't close $configfile: $!";
+
+my $wiki_address = "http://$config{'SERVER_ADDR'}".":"."$config{'PORT'}";
+my $wiki_url = "$wiki_address/$config{'WIKI_DIR_NAME'}/api.php";
+my $wiki_admin = "$config{'WIKI_ADMIN'}";
+my $wiki_admin_pass = "$config{'WIKI_PASSW'}";
+my $mw = MediaWiki::API->new;
+$mw->{config}->{api_url} = $wiki_url;
+
+
+# wiki_login <name> <password>
+#
+# Logs the user with <name> and <password> in the global variable
+# of the mediawiki $mw
+sub wiki_login {
+	$mw->login( { lgname => "$_[0]",lgpassword => "$_[1]" } )
+	|| die "getpage: login failed";
+}
+
+# wiki_getpage <wiki_page> <dest_path>
+#
+# fetch a page <wiki_page> from the wiki referenced in the global variable
+# $mw and copies its content in directory dest_path
+sub wiki_getpage {
+	my $pagename = $_[0];
+	my $destdir = $_[1];
+
+	my $page = $mw->get_page( { title => $pagename } );
+	if (!defined($page)) {
+		die "getpage: wiki does not exist";
+	}
+
+	my $content = $page->{'*'};
+	if (!defined($content)) {
+		die "getpage: page does not exist";
+	}
+
+	$pagename=$page->{'title'};
+	# Replace spaces by underscore in the page name
+	$pagename =~ s/ /_/g;
+	$pagename =~ s/\//%2F/g;
+	open(my $file, ">$destdir/$pagename.mw");
+	print $file "$content";
+	close ($file);
+
+}
+
+# wiki_delete_page <page_name>
+#
+# delete the page with name <page_name> from the wiki referenced
+# in the global variable $mw
+sub wiki_delete_page {
+	my $pagename = $_[0];
+
+	my $exist=$mw->get_page({title => $pagename});
+
+	if (defined($exist->{'*'})){
+		$mw->edit({ action => 'delete',
+				title => $pagename})
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code} . ": " . $mw->{error}->{details};
+	} else {
+		die "no page with such name found: $pagename\n";
+	}
+}
+
+# wiki_editpage <wiki_page> <wiki_content> <wiki_append> [-c=<category>] [-s=<summary>]
+#
+# Edit a page named <wiki_page> with content <wiki_content> on the wiki
+# referenced with the global variable $mw
+# If <wiki_append> == true : append <wiki_content> at the end of the actual
+# content of the page <wiki_page>
+# If <wik_page> doesn't exist, that page is created with the <wiki_content>
+sub wiki_editpage {
+	my $wiki_page = $_[0];
+	my $wiki_content = $_[1];
+	my $wiki_append = $_[2];
+	my $summary = "";
+	my ($summ, $cat) = ();
+	GetOptions('s=s' => \$summ, 'c=s' => \$cat);
+
+	my $append = 0;
+	if (defined($wiki_append) && $wiki_append eq 'true') {
+		$append=1;
+	}
+
+	my $previous_text ="";
+
+	if ($append) {
+		my $ref = $mw->get_page( { title => $wiki_page } );
+		$previous_text = $ref->{'*'};
+	}
+
+	my $text = $wiki_content;
+	if (defined($previous_text)) {
+		$text="$previous_text$text";
+	}
+
+	# Eventually, add this page to a category.
+	if (defined($cat)) {
+		my $category_name="[[Category:$cat]]";
+		$text="$text\n $category_name";
+	}
+	if(defined($summ)){
+		$summary=$summ;
+	}
+
+	$mw->edit( { action => 'edit', title => $wiki_page, summary => $summary, text => "$text"} );
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagename [<category>]
+#
+# Fetch all pages of the wiki referenced by the global variable $mw
+# and print the names of each one in the file all.txt with a new line
+# ("\n") between these.
+# If the argument <category> is defined, then this function get only the pages
+# belonging to <category>.
+sub wiki_getallpagename {
+	# fetch the pages of the wiki
+	if (defined($_[0])) {
+		my $mw_pages = $mw->list ( { action => 'query',
+				list => 'categorymembers',
+				cmtitle => "Category:$_[0]",
+				cmnamespace => 0,
+				cmlimit => 500 },
+		)
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code}.": ".$mw->{error}->{details};
+		open(my $file, ">all.txt");
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			print $file "$page->{title}\n";
+		}
+		close ($file);
+
+	} else {
+		my $mw_pages = $mw->list({
+				action => 'query',
+				list => 'allpages',
+				aplimit => 500,
+			})
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code}.": ".$mw->{error}->{details};
+		open(my $file, ">all.txt");
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			print $file "$page->{title}\n";
+		}
+		close ($file);
+	}
+}
+
+sub wiki_upload_file {
+	my $file_name = $_[0];
+	my $resultat = $mw->edit ( {
+		action => 'upload',
+		filename => $file_name,
+		comment => 'upload a file',
+		file => [ $file_name ],
+		ignorewarnings=>1,
+	}, {
+		skip_encoding => 1
+	} ) || die $mw->{error}->{code} . ' : ' . $mw->{error}->{details};
+}
+
+
+
+# Main part of this script: parse the command line arguments
+# and select which function to execute
+my $fct_to_call = shift;
+
+wiki_login($wiki_admin, $wiki_admin_pass);
+
+my %functions_to_call = qw(
+	upload_file    wiki_upload_file
+	get_page       wiki_getpage
+	delete_page    wiki_delete_page
+	edit_page      wiki_editpage
+	getallpagename wiki_getallpagename
+);
+die "$0 ERROR: wrong argument" unless exists $functions_to_call{$fct_to_call};
+&{$functions_to_call{$fct_to_call}}(@ARGV);
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ba0684162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Name of the web server's directory dedicated to the wiki is WIKI_DIR_NAME
+WIKI_DIR_NAME=wiki
+
+# Login and password of the wiki's admin
+WIKI_ADMIN=WikiAdmin
+WIKI_PASSW=AdminPass
+
+# Address of the web server
+SERVER_ADDR=localhost
+
+# SQLite database of the wiki, named DB_FILE, is located in TMP
+TMP=/tmp
+DB_FILE=wikidb.sqlite
+
+# If LIGHTTPD is not set to true, the script will use the default
+# web server running in WIKI_DIR_INST.
+WIKI_DIR_INST=/var/www
+
+# If LIGHTTPD is set to true, the script will use Lighttpd to run
+# the wiki.
+LIGHTTPD=true
+
+# The variables below are useful only if LIGHTTPD is set to true.
+PORT=1234
+PHP_DIR=/usr/bin
+LIGHTTPD_DIR=/usr/sbin
+WEB=WEB
+WEB_TMP=$WEB/tmp
+WEB_WWW=$WEB/www
+
+# The variables below are used by the script to install a wiki.
+# You should not modify these unless you are modifying the script itself.
+# tested versions: 1.19.X -> 1.21.1
+MW_VERSION_MAJOR=1.21
+MW_VERSION_MINOR=1
+FILES_FOLDER=install-wiki
+DB_INSTALL_SCRIPT=db_install.php
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/README b/contrib/p4import/README
deleted file mode 100644
index b9892b6793..0000000000
--- a/contrib/p4import/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Please see contrib/fast-import/git-p4 for a better Perforce importer.
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b6e534b65b..0000000000
--- a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,360 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-#
-# This tool is copyright (c) 2006, Sean Estabrooks.
-# It is released under the Gnu Public License, version 2.
-#
-# Import Perforce branches into Git repositories.
-# Checking out the files is done by calling the standard p4
-# client which you must have properly configured yourself
-#
-
-import marshal
-import os
-import sys
-import time
-import getopt
-
-from signal import signal, \
-   SIGPIPE, SIGINT, SIG_DFL, \
-   default_int_handler
-
-signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL)
-s = signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL)
-if s != default_int_handler:
-   signal(SIGINT, s)
-
-def die(msg, *args):
-    for a in args:
-        msg = "%s %s" % (msg, a)
-    print "git-p4import fatal error:", msg
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-def usage():
-    print "USAGE: git-p4import [-q|-v]  [--authors=<file>]  [-t <timezone>]  [//p4repo/path <branch>]"
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-verbosity = 1
-logfile = "/dev/null"
-ignore_warnings = False
-stitch = 0
-tagall = True
-
-def report(level, msg, *args):
-    global verbosity
-    global logfile
-    for a in args:
-        msg = "%s %s" % (msg, a)
-    fd = open(logfile, "a")
-    fd.writelines(msg)
-    fd.close()
-    if level <= verbosity:
-        print msg
-
-class p4_command:
-    def __init__(self, _repopath):
-        try:
-            global logfile
-            self.userlist = {}
-            if _repopath[-1] == '/':
-                self.repopath = _repopath[:-1]
-            else:
-                self.repopath = _repopath
-            if self.repopath[-4:] != "/...":
-                self.repopath= "%s/..." % self.repopath
-            f=os.popen('p4 -V 2>>%s'%logfile, 'rb')
-            a = f.readlines()
-            if f.close():
-                raise
-        except:
-                die("Could not find the \"p4\" command")
-
-    def p4(self, cmd, *args):
-        global logfile
-        cmd = "%s %s" % (cmd, ' '.join(args))
-        report(2, "P4:", cmd)
-        f=os.popen('p4 -G %s 2>>%s' % (cmd,logfile), 'rb')
-        list = []
-        while 1:
-           try:
-                list.append(marshal.load(f))
-           except EOFError:
-                break
-        self.ret = f.close()
-        return list
-
-    def sync(self, id, force=False, trick=False, test=False):
-        if force:
-            ret = self.p4("sync -f %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
-        elif trick:
-            ret = self.p4("sync -k %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
-        elif test:
-            ret = self.p4("sync -n %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
-        else:
-            ret = self.p4("sync    %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
-        if ret['code'] == "error":
-             data = ret['data'].upper()
-             if data.find('VIEW') > 0:
-                 die("Perforce reports %s is not in client view"% self.repopath)
-             elif data.find('UP-TO-DATE') < 0:
-                 die("Could not sync files from perforce", self.repopath)
-
-    def changes(self, since=0):
-        try:
-            list = []
-            for rec in self.p4("changes %s@%s,#head" % (self.repopath, since+1)):
-                list.append(rec['change'])
-            list.reverse()
-            return list
-        except:
-            return []
-
-    def authors(self, filename):
-        f=open(filename)
-        for l in f.readlines():
-            self.userlist[l[:l.find('=')].rstrip()] = \
-                    (l[l.find('=')+1:l.find('<')].rstrip(),l[l.find('<')+1:l.find('>')])
-        f.close()
-        for f,e in self.userlist.items():
-                report(2, f, ":", e[0], "  <", e[1], ">")
-
-    def _get_user(self, id):
-        if not self.userlist.has_key(id):
-            try:
-                user = self.p4("users", id)[0]
-                self.userlist[id] = (user['FullName'], user['Email'])
-            except:
-                self.userlist[id] = (id, "")
-        return self.userlist[id]
-
-    def _format_date(self, ticks):
-        symbol='+'
-        name = time.tzname[0]
-        offset = time.timezone
-        if ticks[8]:
-            name = time.tzname[1]
-            offset = time.altzone
-        if offset < 0:
-            offset *= -1
-            symbol = '-'
-        localo = "%s%02d%02d %s" % (symbol, offset / 3600, offset % 3600, name)
-        tickso = time.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", ticks)
-        return "%s %s" % (tickso, localo)
-
-    def where(self):
-        try:
-            return self.p4("where %s" % self.repopath)[-1]['path']
-        except:
-            return ""
-
-    def describe(self, num):
-        desc = self.p4("describe -s", num)[0]
-        self.msg = desc['desc']
-        self.author, self.email = self._get_user(desc['user'])
-        self.date = self._format_date(time.localtime(long(desc['time'])))
-        return self
-
-class git_command:
-    def __init__(self):
-        try:
-            self.version = self.git("--version")[0][12:].rstrip()
-        except:
-            die("Could not find the \"git\" command")
-        try:
-            self.gitdir = self.get_single("rev-parse --git-dir")
-            report(2, "gdir:", self.gitdir)
-        except:
-            die("Not a git repository... did you forget to \"git init\" ?")
-        try:
-            self.cdup = self.get_single("rev-parse --show-cdup")
-            if self.cdup != "":
-                os.chdir(self.cdup)
-            self.topdir = os.getcwd()
-            report(2, "topdir:", self.topdir)
-        except:
-            die("Could not find top git directory")
-
-    def git(self, cmd):
-        global logfile
-        report(2, "GIT:", cmd)
-        f=os.popen('git %s 2>>%s' % (cmd,logfile), 'rb')
-        r=f.readlines()
-        self.ret = f.close()
-        return r
-
-    def get_single(self, cmd):
-        return self.git(cmd)[0].rstrip()
-
-    def current_branch(self):
-        try:
-            testit = self.git("rev-parse --verify HEAD")[0]
-            return self.git("symbolic-ref HEAD")[0][11:].rstrip()
-        except:
-            return None
-
-    def get_config(self, variable):
-        try:
-            return self.git("config --get %s" % variable)[0].rstrip()
-        except:
-            return None
-
-    def set_config(self, variable, value):
-        try:
-            self.git("config %s %s"%(variable, value) )
-        except:
-            die("Could not set %s to " % variable, value)
-
-    def make_tag(self, name, head):
-        self.git("tag -f %s %s"%(name,head))
-
-    def top_change(self, branch):
-        try:
-            a=self.get_single("name-rev --tags refs/heads/%s" % branch)
-            loc = a.find(' tags/') + 6
-            if a[loc:loc+3] != "p4/":
-                raise
-            return int(a[loc+3:][:-2])
-        except:
-            return 0
-
-    def update_index(self):
-        self.git("ls-files -m -d -o -z | git update-index --add --remove -z --stdin")
-
-    def checkout(self, branch):
-        self.git("checkout %s" % branch)
-
-    def repoint_head(self, branch):
-        self.git("symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/%s" % branch)
-
-    def remove_files(self):
-        self.git("ls-files | xargs rm")
-
-    def clean_directories(self):
-        self.git("clean -d")
-
-    def fresh_branch(self, branch):
-        report(1, "Creating new branch", branch)
-        self.git("ls-files | xargs rm")
-        os.remove(".git/index")
-        self.repoint_head(branch)
-        self.git("clean -d")
-
-    def basedir(self):
-        return self.topdir
-
-    def commit(self, author, email, date, msg, id):
-        self.update_index()
-        fd=open(".msg", "w")
-        fd.writelines(msg)
-        fd.close()
-        try:
-                current = self.get_single("rev-parse --verify HEAD")
-                head = "-p HEAD"
-        except:
-                current = ""
-                head = ""
-        tree = self.get_single("write-tree")
-        for r,l in [('DATE',date),('NAME',author),('EMAIL',email)]:
-            os.environ['GIT_AUTHOR_%s'%r] = l
-            os.environ['GIT_COMMITTER_%s'%r] = l
-        commit = self.get_single("commit-tree %s %s < .msg" % (tree,head))
-        os.remove(".msg")
-        self.make_tag("p4/%s"%id, commit)
-        self.git("update-ref HEAD %s %s" % (commit, current) )
-
-try:
-    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "qhvt:",
-            ["authors=","help","stitch=","timezone=","log=","ignore","notags"])
-except getopt.GetoptError:
-    usage()
-
-for o, a in opts:
-    if o == "-q":
-        verbosity = 0
-    if o == "-v":
-        verbosity += 1
-    if o in ("--log"):
-        logfile = a
-    if o in ("--notags"):
-        tagall = False
-    if o in ("-h", "--help"):
-        usage()
-    if o in ("--ignore"):
-        ignore_warnings = True
-
-git = git_command()
-branch=git.current_branch()
-
-for o, a in opts:
-    if o in ("-t", "--timezone"):
-        git.set_config("perforce.timezone", a)
-    if o in ("--stitch"):
-        git.set_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch, a)
-        stitch = 1
-
-if len(args) == 2:
-    branch = args[1]
-    git.checkout(branch)
-    if branch == git.current_branch():
-        die("Branch %s already exists!" % branch)
-    report(1, "Setting perforce to ", args[0])
-    git.set_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch, args[0])
-elif len(args) != 0:
-    die("You must specify the perforce //depot/path and git branch")
-
-p4path = git.get_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch)
-if p4path == None:
-    die("Do not know Perforce //depot/path for git branch", branch)
-
-p4 = p4_command(p4path)
-
-for o, a in opts:
-    if o in ("-a", "--authors"):
-        p4.authors(a)
-
-localdir = git.basedir()
-if p4.where()[:len(localdir)] != localdir:
-    report(1, "**WARNING** Appears p4 client is misconfigured")
-    report(1, "   for sync from %s to %s" % (p4.repopath, localdir))
-    if ignore_warnings != True:
-        die("Reconfigure or use \"--ignore\" on command line")
-
-if stitch == 0:
-    top = git.top_change(branch)
-else:
-    top = 0
-changes = p4.changes(top)
-count = len(changes)
-if count == 0:
-    report(1, "Already up to date...")
-    sys.exit(0)
-
-ptz = git.get_config("perforce.timezone")
-if ptz:
-    report(1, "Setting timezone to", ptz)
-    os.environ['TZ'] = ptz
-    time.tzset()
-
-if stitch == 1:
-    git.remove_files()
-    git.clean_directories()
-    p4.sync(changes[0], force=True)
-elif top == 0 and branch != git.current_branch():
-    p4.sync(changes[0], test=True)
-    report(1, "Creating new initial commit");
-    git.fresh_branch(branch)
-    p4.sync(changes[0], force=True)
-else:
-    p4.sync(changes[0], trick=True)
-
-report(1, "processing %s changes from p4 (%s) to git (%s)" % (count, p4.repopath, branch))
-for id in changes:
-    report(1, "Importing changeset", id)
-    change = p4.describe(id)
-    p4.sync(id)
-    if tagall :
-            git.commit(change.author, change.email, change.date, change.msg, id)
-    else:
-            git.commit(change.author, change.email, change.date, change.msg, "import")
-    if stitch == 1:
-        git.clean_directories()
-        stitch = 0
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9967587fe6..0000000000
--- a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-git-p4import(1)
-===============
-
-NAME
-----
-git-p4import - Import a Perforce repository into git
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-`git-p4import` [-q|-v] [--notags] [--authors <file>] [-t <timezone>]
-               <//p4repo/path> <branch>
-`git-p4import` --stitch <//p4repo/path>
-`git-p4import`
-
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-Import a Perforce repository into an existing git repository.  When
-a <//p4repo/path> and <branch> are specified a new branch with the
-given name will be created and the initial import will begin.
-
-Once the initial import is complete you can do an incremental import
-of new commits from the Perforce repository.  You do this by checking
-out the appropriate git branch and then running `git-p4import` without
-any options.
-
-The standard p4 client is used to communicate with the Perforce
-repository; it must be configured correctly in order for `git-p4import`
-to operate (see below).
-
-
-OPTIONS
--------
--q::
-	Do not display any progress information.
-
--v::
-        Give extra progress information.
-
-\--authors::
-	Specify an authors file containing a mapping of Perforce user
-	ids to full names and email addresses (see Notes below).
-
-\--notags::
-	Do not create a tag for each imported commit.
-
-\--stitch::
-	Import the contents of the given perforce branch into the
-	currently checked out git branch.
-
-\--log::
-	Store debugging information in the specified file.
-
--t::
-	Specify that the remote repository is in the specified timezone.
-	Timezone must be in the format "US/Pacific" or "Europe/London"
-	etc.  You only need to specify this once, it will be saved in
-	the git config file for the repository.
-
-<//p4repo/path>::
-	The Perforce path that will be imported into the specified branch.
-
-<branch>::
-	The new branch that will be created to hold the Perforce imports.
-
-
-P4 Client
----------
-You must make the `p4` client command available in your $PATH and
-configure it to communicate with the target Perforce repository.
-Typically this means you must set the "$P4PORT" and "$P4CLIENT"
-environment variables.
-
-You must also configure a `p4` client "view" which maps the Perforce
-branch into the top level of your git repository, for example:
-
-------------
-Client: myhost
-
-Root:   /home/sean/import
-
-Options:   noallwrite clobber nocompress unlocked modtime rmdir
-
-View:
-        //public/jam/... //myhost/jam/...
-------------
-
-With the above `p4` client setup, you could import the "jam"
-perforce branch into a branch named "jammy", like so:
-
-------------
-$ mkdir -p /home/sean/import/jam
-$ cd /home/sean/import/jam
-$ git init
-$ git p4import //public/jam jammy
-------------
-
-
-Multiple Branches
------------------
-Note that by creating multiple "views" you can use `git-p4import`
-to import additional branches into the same git repository.
-However, the `p4` client has a limitation in that it silently
-ignores all but the last "view" that maps into the same local
-directory.  So the following will *not* work:
-
-------------
-View:
-        //public/jam/... //myhost/jam/...
-        //public/other/... //myhost/jam/...
-        //public/guest/... //myhost/jam/...
-------------
-
-If you want more than one Perforce branch to be imported into the
-same directory you must employ a workaround.  A simple option is
-to adjust your `p4` client before each import to only include a
-single view.
-
-Another option is to create multiple symlinks locally which all
-point to the same directory in your git repository and then use
-one per "view" instead of listing the actual directory.
-
-
-Tags
-----
-A git tag of the form p4/xx is created for every change imported from
-the Perforce repository where xx is the Perforce changeset number.
-Therefore after the import you can use git to access any commit by its
-Perforce number, e.g. git show p4/327.
-
-The tag associated with the HEAD commit is also how `git-p4import`
-determines if there are new changes to incrementally import from the
-Perforce repository.
-
-If you import from a repository with many thousands of changes
-you will have an equal number of p4/xxxx git tags.  Git tags can
-be expensive in terms of disk space and repository operations.
-If you don't need to perform further incremental imports, you
-may delete the tags.
-
-
-Notes
------
-You can interrupt the import (e.g. ctrl-c) at any time and restart it
-without worry.
-
-Author information is automatically determined by querying the
-Perforce "users" table using the id associated with each change.
-However, if you want to manually supply these mappings you can do
-so with the "--authors" option.  It accepts a file containing a list
-of mappings with each line containing one mapping in the format:
-
-------------
-    perforce_id = Full Name <email@address.com>
-------------
-
-
-Author
-------
-Written by Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
-
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch b/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index f2b08b4f4a..0000000000
--- a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-From: Ismail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
-
-Trying to build the documentation with docbook-xsl 1.73 may result in
-the following error.  This patch fixes it.
-
-$ xmlto -m callouts.xsl man git-add.xml
-runtime error: file
-file:///usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets-1.73.0/manpages/other.xsl line
-129 element call-template
-The called template 'read-character-map' was not found.
-
---- docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl.manpages-charmap	2007-07-23 16:24:23.000000000 +0100
-+++ docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl	2007-07-23 16:25:16.000000000 +0100
-@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
-   <xsl:include href="lists.xsl"/>
-   <xsl:include href="endnotes.xsl"/>
-   <xsl:include href="table.xsl"/>
-+  <xsl:include href="../common/charmap.xsl"/>
-
-   <!-- * we rename the following just to avoid using params with "man" -->
-   <!-- * prefixes in the table.xsl stylesheet (because that stylesheet -->
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/LICENSE b/contrib/persistent-https/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d645695673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/Makefile b/contrib/persistent-https/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92baa3beee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+BUILD_LABEL=$(shell date +"%s")
+TAR_OUT=$(shell go env GOOS)_$(shell go env GOARCH).tar.gz
+
+all: git-remote-persistent-https git-remote-persistent-https--proxy \
+	git-remote-persistent-http
+
+git-remote-persistent-https--proxy: git-remote-persistent-https
+	ln -f -s git-remote-persistent-https git-remote-persistent-https--proxy
+
+git-remote-persistent-http: git-remote-persistent-https
+	ln -f -s git-remote-persistent-https git-remote-persistent-http
+
+git-remote-persistent-https:
+	go build -o git-remote-persistent-https \
+		-ldflags "-X main._BUILD_EMBED_LABEL $(BUILD_LABEL)"
+
+clean:
+	rm -f git-remote-persistent-http* *.tar.gz
+
+tar: clean all
+	@chmod 555 git-remote-persistent-https
+	@tar -czf $(TAR_OUT) git-remote-persistent-http* README LICENSE
+	@echo
+	@echo "Created $(TAR_OUT)"
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/README b/contrib/persistent-https/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f784dd2e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/README
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+git-remote-persistent-https
+
+The git-remote-persistent-https binary speeds up SSL operations
+by running a daemon job (git-remote-persistent-https--proxy) that
+keeps a connection open to a server.
+
+
+PRE-BUILT BINARIES
+
+Darwin amd64:
+https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/git-remote-persistent-https/darwin_amd64.tar.gz
+
+Linux amd64:
+https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/git-remote-persistent-https/linux_amd64.tar.gz
+
+
+INSTALLING
+
+Move all of the git-remote-persistent-http* binaries to a directory
+in PATH.
+
+
+USAGE
+
+HTTPS requests can be delegated to the proxy by using the
+"persistent-https" scheme, e.g.
+
+git clone persistent-https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/git/git
+
+Likewise, .gitconfig can be updated as follows to rewrite https urls
+to use persistent-https:
+
+[url "persistent-https"]
+	insteadof = https
+[url "persistent-http"]
+	insteadof = http
+
+
+#####################################################################
+# BUILDING FROM SOURCE
+#####################################################################
+
+LOCATION
+
+The source is available in the contrib/persistent-https directory of
+the Git source repository. The Git source repository is available at
+git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/
+https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/git/git
+
+
+PREREQUISITES
+
+The code is written in Go (http://golang.org/) and the Go compiler is
+required. Currently, the compiler must be built and installed from tip
+of source, in order to include a fix in the reverse http proxy:
+http://code.google.com/p/go/source/detail?r=a615b796570a2cd8591884767a7d67ede74f6648
+
+
+BUILDING
+
+Run "make" to build the binaries. See the section on
+INSTALLING above.
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/client.go b/contrib/persistent-https/client.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71125b5832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/client.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type Client struct {
+	ProxyBin string
+	Args     []string
+
+	insecure bool
+}
+
+func (c *Client) Run() error {
+	if err := c.resolveArgs(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolveArgs() got error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Connect to the proxy.
+	uconn, hconn, addr, err := c.connect()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect() got error: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Keep the unix socket connection open for the duration of the request.
+	defer uconn.Close()
+	// Keep a connection to the HTTP server open, so no other user can
+	// bind on the same address so long as the process is running.
+	defer hconn.Close()
+
+	// Start the git-remote-http subprocess.
+	cargs := []string{"-c", fmt.Sprintf("http.proxy=%v", addr), "remote-http"}
+	cargs = append(cargs, c.Args...)
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", cargs...)
+
+	for _, v := range os.Environ() {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(v, "GIT_PERSISTENT_HTTPS_SECURE=") {
+			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, v)
+		}
+	}
+	// Set the GIT_PERSISTENT_HTTPS_SECURE environment variable when
+	// the proxy is using a SSL connection.  This allows credential helpers
+	// to identify secure proxy connections, despite being passed an HTTP
+	// scheme.
+	if !c.insecure {
+		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GIT_PERSISTENT_HTTPS_SECURE=1")
+	}
+
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if eerr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			if stat, ok := eerr.ProcessState.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus); ok && stat.ExitStatus() != 0 {
+				os.Exit(stat.ExitStatus())
+			}
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("git-remote-http subprocess got error: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) connect() (uconn net.Conn, hconn net.Conn, addr string, err error) {
+	uconn, err = DefaultSocket.Dial()
+	if err != nil {
+		if e, ok := err.(*net.OpError); ok && (os.IsNotExist(e.Err) || e.Err == syscall.ECONNREFUSED) {
+			if err = c.startProxy(); err == nil {
+				uconn, err = DefaultSocket.Dial()
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	if addr, err = c.readAddr(uconn); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Open a tcp connection to the proxy.
+	if hconn, err = net.Dial("tcp", addr); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Verify the address hasn't changed ownership.
+	var addr2 string
+	if addr2, err = c.readAddr(uconn); err != nil {
+		return
+	} else if addr != addr2 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("address changed after connect. got %q, want %q", addr2, addr)
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (c *Client) readAddr(conn net.Conn) (string, error) {
+	conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+	data := make([]byte, 100)
+	n, err := conn.Read(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error reading unix socket: %v", err)
+	} else if n == 0 {
+		return "", errors.New("empty data response")
+	}
+	conn.Write([]byte{1}) // Ack
+
+	var addr string
+	if addrs := strings.Split(string(data[:n]), "\n"); len(addrs) != 2 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("got %q, wanted 2 addresses", data[:n])
+	} else if c.insecure {
+		addr = addrs[1]
+	} else {
+		addr = addrs[0]
+	}
+	return addr, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) startProxy() error {
+	cmd := exec.Command(c.ProxyBin)
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer stdout.Close()
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	result := make(chan error)
+	go func() {
+		bytes, _, err := bufio.NewReader(stdout).ReadLine()
+		if line := string(bytes); err == nil && line != "OK" {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("proxy returned %q, want \"OK\"", line)
+		}
+		result <- err
+	}()
+	select {
+	case err := <-result:
+		return err
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		return errors.New("timeout waiting for proxy to start")
+	}
+	panic("not reachable")
+}
+
+func (c *Client) resolveArgs() error {
+	if nargs := len(c.Args); nargs == 0 {
+		return errors.New("remote needed")
+	} else if nargs > 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("want at most 2 args, got %v", c.Args)
+	}
+
+	// Rewrite the url scheme to be http.
+	idx := len(c.Args) - 1
+	rawurl := c.Args[idx]
+	rurl, err := url.Parse(rawurl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid remote: %v", err)
+	}
+	c.insecure = rurl.Scheme == "persistent-http"
+	rurl.Scheme = "http"
+	c.Args[idx] = rurl.String()
+	if idx != 0 && c.Args[0] == rawurl {
+		c.Args[0] = c.Args[idx]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/main.go b/contrib/persistent-https/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd1b107743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// The git-remote-persistent-https binary speeds up SSL operations by running
+// a daemon job that keeps a connection open to a Git server. This ensures the
+// git-remote-persistent-https--proxy is running and delegating execution
+// to the git-remote-http binary with the http_proxy set to the daemon job.
+// A unix socket is used to authenticate the proxy and discover the
+// HTTP address. Note, both the client and proxy are included in the same
+// binary.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var (
+	forceProxy = flag.Bool("proxy", false, "Whether to start the binary in proxy mode")
+	proxyBin   = flag.String("proxy_bin", "git-remote-persistent-https--proxy", "Path to the proxy binary")
+	printLabel = flag.Bool("print_label", false, "Prints the build label for the binary")
+
+	// Variable that should be defined through the -X linker flag.
+	_BUILD_EMBED_LABEL string
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultMaxIdleDuration    = 24 * time.Hour
+	defaultPollUpdateInterval = 15 * time.Minute
+)
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Parse()
+	if *printLabel {
+		// Short circuit execution to print the build label
+		fmt.Println(buildLabel())
+		return
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	if *forceProxy || strings.HasSuffix(os.Args[0], "--proxy") {
+		log.SetPrefix("git-remote-persistent-https--proxy: ")
+		proxy := &Proxy{
+			BuildLabel:         buildLabel(),
+			MaxIdleDuration:    defaultMaxIdleDuration,
+			PollUpdateInterval: defaultPollUpdateInterval,
+		}
+		err = proxy.Run()
+	} else {
+		log.SetPrefix("git-remote-persistent-https: ")
+		client := &Client{
+			ProxyBin: *proxyBin,
+			Args:     flag.Args(),
+		}
+		err = client.Run()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func buildLabel() string {
+	if _BUILD_EMBED_LABEL == "" {
+		log.Println(`unlabeled build; build with "make" to label`)
+	}
+	return _BUILD_EMBED_LABEL
+}
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/proxy.go b/contrib/persistent-https/proxy.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb0cdba386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/proxy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/signal"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type Proxy struct {
+	BuildLabel         string
+	MaxIdleDuration    time.Duration
+	PollUpdateInterval time.Duration
+
+	ul        net.Listener
+	httpAddr  string
+	httpsAddr string
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) Run() error {
+	hl, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("http listen failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer hl.Close()
+
+	hsl, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("https listen failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer hsl.Close()
+
+	p.ul, err = DefaultSocket.Listen()
+	if err != nil {
+		c, derr := DefaultSocket.Dial()
+		if derr == nil {
+			c.Close()
+			fmt.Println("OK\nA proxy is already running... exiting")
+			return nil
+		} else if e, ok := derr.(*net.OpError); ok && e.Err == syscall.ECONNREFUSED {
+			// Nothing is listening on the socket, unlink it and try again.
+			syscall.Unlink(DefaultSocket.Path())
+			p.ul, err = DefaultSocket.Listen()
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unix listen failed on %v: %v", DefaultSocket.Path(), err)
+		}
+	}
+	defer p.ul.Close()
+	go p.closeOnSignal()
+	go p.closeOnUpdate()
+
+	p.httpAddr = hl.Addr().String()
+	p.httpsAddr = hsl.Addr().String()
+	fmt.Printf("OK\nListening on unix socket=%v http=%v https=%v\n",
+		p.ul.Addr(), p.httpAddr, p.httpsAddr)
+
+	result := make(chan error, 2)
+	go p.serveUnix(result)
+	go func() {
+		result <- http.Serve(hl, &httputil.ReverseProxy{
+			FlushInterval: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+			Director:      func(r *http.Request) {},
+		})
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		result <- http.Serve(hsl, &httputil.ReverseProxy{
+			FlushInterval: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+			Director: func(r *http.Request) {
+				r.URL.Scheme = "https"
+			},
+		})
+	}()
+	return <-result
+}
+
+type socketContext struct {
+	sync.WaitGroup
+	mutex sync.Mutex
+	last  time.Time
+}
+
+func (sc *socketContext) Done() {
+	sc.mutex.Lock()
+	defer sc.mutex.Unlock()
+	sc.last = time.Now()
+	sc.WaitGroup.Done()
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) serveUnix(result chan<- error) {
+	sockCtx := &socketContext{}
+	go p.closeOnIdle(sockCtx)
+
+	var err error
+	for {
+		var uconn net.Conn
+		uconn, err = p.ul.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("accept failed: %v", err)
+			break
+		}
+		sockCtx.Add(1)
+		go p.handleUnixConn(sockCtx, uconn)
+	}
+	sockCtx.Wait()
+	result <- err
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) handleUnixConn(sockCtx *socketContext, uconn net.Conn) {
+	defer sockCtx.Done()
+	defer uconn.Close()
+	data := []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%v\n%v", p.httpsAddr, p.httpAddr))
+	uconn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		if n, err := uconn.Write(data); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error sending http addresses: %+v\n", err)
+			return
+		} else if n != len(data) {
+			log.Printf("sent %d data bytes, wanted %d\n", n, len(data))
+			return
+		}
+		if _, err := uconn.Read([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error waiting for Ack: %+v\n", err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// Wait without a deadline for the client to finish via EOF
+	uconn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
+	uconn.Read([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0})
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) closeOnIdle(sockCtx *socketContext) {
+	for d := p.MaxIdleDuration; d > 0; {
+		time.Sleep(d)
+		sockCtx.Wait()
+		sockCtx.mutex.Lock()
+		if d = sockCtx.last.Add(p.MaxIdleDuration).Sub(time.Now()); d <= 0 {
+			log.Println("graceful shutdown from idle timeout")
+			p.ul.Close()
+		}
+		sockCtx.mutex.Unlock()
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) closeOnUpdate() {
+	for {
+		time.Sleep(p.PollUpdateInterval)
+		if out, err := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "--print_label").Output(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error polling for updated binary: %v\n", err)
+		} else if s := string(out[:len(out)-1]); p.BuildLabel != s {
+			log.Printf("graceful shutdown from updated binary: %q --> %q\n", p.BuildLabel, s)
+			p.ul.Close()
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) closeOnSignal() {
+	ch := make(chan os.Signal, 10)
+	signal.Notify(ch, os.Interrupt, os.Kill, os.Signal(syscall.SIGTERM), os.Signal(syscall.SIGHUP))
+	sig := <-ch
+	p.ul.Close()
+	switch sig {
+	case os.Signal(syscall.SIGHUP):
+		log.Printf("graceful shutdown from signal: %v\n", sig)
+	default:
+		log.Fatalf("exiting from signal: %v\n", sig)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/socket.go b/contrib/persistent-https/socket.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..193b911dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/socket.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// A Socket is a wrapper around a Unix socket that verifies directory
+// permissions.
+type Socket struct {
+	Dir string
+}
+
+func defaultDir() string {
+	sockPath := ".git-credential-cache"
+	if home := os.Getenv("HOME"); home != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(home, sockPath)
+	}
+	log.Printf("socket: cannot find HOME path. using relative directory %q for socket", sockPath)
+	return sockPath
+}
+
+// DefaultSocket is a Socket in the $HOME/.git-credential-cache directory.
+var DefaultSocket = Socket{Dir: defaultDir()}
+
+// Listen announces the local network address of the unix socket. The
+// permissions on the socket directory are verified before attempting
+// the actual listen.
+func (s Socket) Listen() (net.Listener, error) {
+	network, addr := "unix", s.Path()
+	if err := s.mkdir(); err != nil {
+		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "listen", Net: network, Addr: &net.UnixAddr{Name: addr, Net: network}, Err: err}
+	}
+	return net.Listen(network, addr)
+}
+
+// Dial connects to the unix socket. The permissions on the socket directory
+// are verified before attempting the actual dial.
+func (s Socket) Dial() (net.Conn, error) {
+	network, addr := "unix", s.Path()
+	if err := s.checkPermissions(); err != nil {
+		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Net: network, Addr: &net.UnixAddr{Name: addr, Net: network}, Err: err}
+	}
+	return net.Dial(network, addr)
+}
+
+// Path returns the fully specified file name of the unix socket.
+func (s Socket) Path() string {
+	return filepath.Join(s.Dir, "persistent-https-proxy-socket")
+}
+
+func (s Socket) mkdir() error {
+	if err := s.checkPermissions(); err == nil {
+		return nil
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(s.Dir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return s.checkPermissions()
+}
+
+func (s Socket) checkPermissions() error {
+	fi, err := os.Stat(s.Dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !fi.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("socket: got file, want directory for %q", s.Dir)
+	}
+	if fi.Mode().Perm() != 0700 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("socket: got perm %o, want 700 for %q", fi.Mode().Perm(), s.Dir)
+	}
+	if st := fi.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); int(st.Uid) != os.Getuid() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("socket: got uid %d, want %d for %q", st.Uid, os.Getuid(), s.Dir)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/README b/contrib/remote-helpers/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac72332517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/README
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The remote-helper bridges to access data stored in Mercurial and
+Bazaar are maintained outside the git.git tree in the repositories
+of their primary author:
+
+    https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg (for Mercurial)
+    https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-bzr (for Bazaar)
+
+You can pick a directory on your $PATH and download them from these
+repositories, e.g.:
+
+  $ wget -O $HOME/bin/git-remote-hg \
+    https://raw.github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg/master/git-remote-hg
+  $ wget -O $HOME/bin/git-remote-bzr \
+    https://raw.github.com/felipec/git-remote-bzr/master/git-remote-bzr
+  $ chmod +x $HOME/bin/git-remote-hg $HOME/bin/git-remote-bzr
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..712a1377e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stderr.write('WARNING: git-remote-bzr is now maintained independently.\n')
+sys.stderr.write('WARNING: For more information visit https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-bzr\n')
+
+sys.stderr.write('''WARNING:
+WARNING: You can pick a directory on your $PATH and download it, e.g.:
+WARNING:   $ wget -O $HOME/bin/git-remote-bzr \\
+WARNING:     https://raw.github.com/felipec/git-remote-bzr/master/git-remote-bzr
+WARNING:   $ chmod +x $HOME/bin/git-remote-bzr
+''')
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4255ad6312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stderr.write('WARNING: git-remote-hg is now maintained independently.\n')
+sys.stderr.write('WARNING: For more information visit https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg\n')
+
+sys.stderr.write('''WARNING:
+WARNING: You can pick a directory on your $PATH and download it, e.g.:
+WARNING:   $ wget -O $HOME/bin/git-remote-hg \\
+WARNING:     https://raw.github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg/master/git-remote-hg
+WARNING:   $ chmod +x $HOME/bin/git-remote-hg
+''')
diff --git a/contrib/rerere-train.sh b/contrib/rerere-train.sh
index 2cfe1b936b..52ad9e41fb 100755
--- a/contrib/rerere-train.sh
+++ b/contrib/rerere-train.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ USAGE="$me rev-list-args"
 
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
-. git-sh-setup
+. "$(git --exec-path)/git-sh-setup"
 require_work_tree
 cd_to_toplevel
 
diff --git a/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl b/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
index 4b852e2455..9513f5e35b 100755
--- a/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
+++ b/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
@@ -1,38 +1,70 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl -w
-my %mailmap = ();
-open I, "<", ".mailmap";
-while (<I>) {
-	chomp;
-	next if /^#/;
-	if (my ($author, $mail) = /^(.*?)\s+<(.+)>$/) {
-		$mailmap{$mail} = $author;
-	}
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use warnings 'all';
+use strict;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+my $match_emails;
+my $match_names;
+my $order_by = 'count';
+Getopt::Long::Configure(qw(bundling));
+GetOptions(
+	'emails|e!' => \$match_emails,
+	'names|n!'  => \$match_names,
+	'count|c'   => sub { $order_by = 'count' },
+	'time|t'    => sub { $order_by = 'stamp' },
+) or exit 1;
+$match_emails = 1 unless $match_names;
+
+my $email = {};
+my $name = {};
+
+open(my $fh, '-|', "git log --format='%at <%aE> %aN'");
+while(<$fh>) {
+	my ($t, $e, $n) = /(\S+) <(\S+)> (.*)/;
+	mark($email, $e, $n, $t);
+	mark($name, $n, $e, $t);
 }
-close I;
-
-my %mail2author = ();
-open I, "git log --pretty='format:%ae	%an' |";
-while (<I>) {
-	chomp;
-	my ($mail, $author) = split(/\t/, $_);
-	next if exists $mailmap{$mail};
-	$mail2author{$mail} ||= {};
-	$mail2author{$mail}{$author} ||= 0;
-	$mail2author{$mail}{$author}++;
+close($fh);
+
+if ($match_emails) {
+	foreach my $e (dups($email)) {
+		foreach my $n (vals($email->{$e})) {
+			show($n, $e, $email->{$e}->{$n});
+		}
+		print "\n";
+	}
 }
-close I;
-
-while (my ($mail, $authorcount) = each %mail2author) {
-	# %$authorcount is ($author => $count);
-	# sort and show the names from the most frequent ones.
-	my @names = (map { $_->[0] }
-		sort { $b->[1] <=> $a->[1] }
-		map { [$_, $authorcount->{$_}] }
-		keys %$authorcount);
-	if (1 < @names) {
-		for (@names) {
-			print "$_ <$mail>\n";
+if ($match_names) {
+	foreach my $n (dups($name)) {
+		foreach my $e (vals($name->{$n})) {
+			show($n, $e, $name->{$n}->{$e});
 		}
+		print "\n";
 	}
 }
+exit 0;
 
+sub mark {
+	my ($h, $k, $v, $t) = @_;
+	my $e = $h->{$k}->{$v} ||= { count => 0, stamp => 0 };
+	$e->{count}++;
+	$e->{stamp} = $t unless $t < $e->{stamp};
+}
+
+sub dups {
+	my $h = shift;
+	return grep { keys($h->{$_}) > 1 } keys($h);
+}
+
+sub vals {
+	my $h = shift;
+	return sort {
+		$h->{$b}->{$order_by} <=> $h->{$a}->{$order_by}
+	} keys($h);
+}
+
+sub show {
+	my ($n, $e, $h) = @_;
+	print "$n <$e> ($h->{$order_by})\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/.gitignore b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b9381abca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+*~
+git-subtree
+git-subtree.1
+git-subtree.html
+git-subtree.xml
+mainline
+subproj
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/COPYING b/contrib/subtree/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d511905c16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+rights.
+
+  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+authors' reputations.
+
+  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
+refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+along with the Program.
+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+    parties under the terms of this License.
+
+    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+
+These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+collective works based on the Program.
+
+In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+the scope of this License.
+
+  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
+    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
+    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
+    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
+    customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
+    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+    received the program in object code or executable form with such
+    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+
+The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
+code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
+associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
+control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
+special exception, the source code distributed need not include
+anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
+form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
+operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
+itself accompanies the executable.
+
+If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+
+  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
+prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
+modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+the Program or works based on it.
+
+  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
+restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+this License.
+
+  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
+distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+circumstances.
+
+It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
+generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+impose that choice.
+
+This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+
+  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+			    NO WARRANTY
+
+  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/INSTALL b/contrib/subtree/INSTALL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ab0cf4509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/INSTALL
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+HOW TO INSTALL git-subtree
+==========================
+
+First, build from the top source directory.
+
+Then, in contrib/subtree, run:
+
+  make
+  make install
+  make install-doc
+
+If you used configure to do the main build the git-subtree build will
+pick up those settings.  If not, you will likely have to provide a
+value for prefix:
+
+  make prefix=<some dir>
+  make prefix=<some dir> install
+  make prefix=<some dir> install-doc
+
+To run tests first copy git-subtree to the main build area so the
+newly-built git can find it:
+
+  cp git-subtree ../..
+
+Then:
+
+  make test
+
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/Makefile b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6afa9aafdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# The default target of this Makefile is...
+all::
+
+-include ../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../config.mak
+
+prefix ?= /usr/local
+gitexecdir ?= $(prefix)/libexec/git-core
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir ?= $(mandir)/man1
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+
+../../GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
+	$(MAKE) -C ../../ GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+-include ../../GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+# this should be set to a 'standard' bsd-type install program
+INSTALL  ?= install
+RM       ?= rm -f
+
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
+XMLTO    = xmlto
+
+ifndef SHELL_PATH
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/sh
+endif
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+
+ASCIIDOC_CONF = ../../Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+MANPAGE_XSL   = ../../Documentation/manpage-normal.xsl
+
+GIT_SUBTREE_SH := git-subtree.sh
+GIT_SUBTREE    := git-subtree
+
+GIT_SUBTREE_DOC := git-subtree.1
+GIT_SUBTREE_XML := git-subtree.xml
+GIT_SUBTREE_TXT := git-subtree.txt
+GIT_SUBTREE_HTML := git-subtree.html
+GIT_SUBTREE_TEST := ../../git-subtree
+
+all:: $(GIT_SUBTREE)
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE): $(GIT_SUBTREE_SH)
+	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' $< >$@
+	chmod +x $@
+
+doc: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC) $(GIT_SUBTREE_HTML)
+
+install: $(GIT_SUBTREE)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(gitexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_SUBTREE) $(DESTDIR)$(gitexecdir)
+
+install-doc: install-man install-html
+
+install-man: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+
+install-html: $(GIT_SUBTREE_HTML)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC): $(GIT_SUBTREE_XML)
+	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) man $^
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE_XML): $(GIT_SUBTREE_TXT)
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $^
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE_HTML): $(GIT_SUBTREE_TXT)
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $^
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE_TEST): $(GIT_SUBTREE)
+	cp $< $@
+
+test: $(GIT_SUBTREE_TEST)
+	$(MAKE) -C t/ test
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(GIT_SUBTREE)
+	$(RM) *.xml *.html *.1
+
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/README b/contrib/subtree/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c686b4a69b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/README
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+Please read git-subtree.txt for documentation.
+
+Please don't contact me using github mail; it's slow, ugly, and worst of
+all, redundant. Email me instead at apenwarr@gmail.com and I'll be happy to
+help.
+
+Avery
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7a39b30ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,758 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# git-subtree.sh: split/join git repositories in subdirectories of this one
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@gmail.com>
+#
+if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
+    set -- -h
+fi
+OPTS_SPEC="\
+git subtree add   --prefix=<prefix> <commit>
+git subtree add   --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <ref>
+git subtree merge --prefix=<prefix> <commit>
+git subtree pull  --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <ref>
+git subtree push  --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <ref>
+git subtree split --prefix=<prefix> <commit...>
+--
+h,help        show the help
+q             quiet
+d             show debug messages
+P,prefix=     the name of the subdir to split out
+m,message=    use the given message as the commit message for the merge commit
+ options for 'split'
+annotate=     add a prefix to commit message of new commits
+b,branch=     create a new branch from the split subtree
+ignore-joins  ignore prior --rejoin commits
+onto=         try connecting new tree to an existing one
+rejoin        merge the new branch back into HEAD
+ options for 'add', 'merge', and 'pull'
+squash        merge subtree changes as a single commit
+"
+eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
+
+PATH=$PATH:$(git --exec-path)
+. git-sh-setup
+
+require_work_tree
+
+quiet=
+branch=
+debug=
+command=
+onto=
+rejoin=
+ignore_joins=
+annotate=
+squash=
+message=
+prefix=
+
+debug()
+{
+	if [ -n "$debug" ]; then
+		printf "%s\n" "$*" >&2
+	fi
+}
+
+say()
+{
+	if [ -z "$quiet" ]; then
+		printf "%s\n" "$*" >&2
+	fi
+}
+
+progress()
+{
+	if [ -z "$quiet" ]; then
+		printf "%s\r" "$*" >&2
+	fi
+}
+
+assert()
+{
+	if "$@"; then
+		:
+	else
+		die "assertion failed: " "$@"
+	fi
+}
+
+
+#echo "Options: $*"
+
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+	opt="$1"
+	shift
+	case "$opt" in
+		-q) quiet=1 ;;
+		-d) debug=1 ;;
+		--annotate) annotate="$1"; shift ;;
+		--no-annotate) annotate= ;;
+		-b) branch="$1"; shift ;;
+		-P) prefix="${1%/}"; shift ;;
+		-m) message="$1"; shift ;;
+		--no-prefix) prefix= ;;
+		--onto) onto="$1"; shift ;;
+		--no-onto) onto= ;;
+		--rejoin) rejoin=1 ;;
+		--no-rejoin) rejoin= ;;
+		--ignore-joins) ignore_joins=1 ;;
+		--no-ignore-joins) ignore_joins= ;;
+		--squash) squash=1 ;;
+		--no-squash) squash= ;;
+		--) break ;;
+		*) die "Unexpected option: $opt" ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+command="$1"
+shift
+case "$command" in
+	add|merge|pull) default= ;;
+	split|push) default="--default HEAD" ;;
+	*) die "Unknown command '$command'" ;;
+esac
+
+if [ -z "$prefix" ]; then
+	die "You must provide the --prefix option."
+fi
+
+case "$command" in
+	add) [ -e "$prefix" ] && 
+		die "prefix '$prefix' already exists." ;;
+	*)   [ -e "$prefix" ] || 
+		die "'$prefix' does not exist; use 'git subtree add'" ;;
+esac
+
+dir="$(dirname "$prefix/.")"
+
+if [ "$command" != "pull" -a "$command" != "add" -a "$command" != "push" ]; then
+	revs=$(git rev-parse $default --revs-only "$@") || exit $?
+	dirs="$(git rev-parse --no-revs --no-flags "$@")" || exit $?
+	if [ -n "$dirs" ]; then
+		die "Error: Use --prefix instead of bare filenames."
+	fi
+fi
+
+debug "command: {$command}"
+debug "quiet: {$quiet}"
+debug "revs: {$revs}"
+debug "dir: {$dir}"
+debug "opts: {$*}"
+debug
+
+cache_setup()
+{
+	cachedir="$GIT_DIR/subtree-cache/$$"
+	rm -rf "$cachedir" || die "Can't delete old cachedir: $cachedir"
+	mkdir -p "$cachedir" || die "Can't create new cachedir: $cachedir"
+	mkdir -p "$cachedir/notree" || die "Can't create new cachedir: $cachedir/notree"
+	debug "Using cachedir: $cachedir" >&2
+}
+
+cache_get()
+{
+	for oldrev in $*; do
+		if [ -r "$cachedir/$oldrev" ]; then
+			read newrev <"$cachedir/$oldrev"
+			echo $newrev
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+cache_miss()
+{
+	for oldrev in $*; do
+		if [ ! -r "$cachedir/$oldrev" ]; then
+			echo $oldrev
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+check_parents()
+{
+	missed=$(cache_miss $*)
+	for miss in $missed; do
+		if [ ! -r "$cachedir/notree/$miss" ]; then
+			debug "  incorrect order: $miss"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+set_notree()
+{
+	echo "1" > "$cachedir/notree/$1"
+}
+
+cache_set()
+{
+	oldrev="$1"
+	newrev="$2"
+	if [ "$oldrev" != "latest_old" \
+	     -a "$oldrev" != "latest_new" \
+	     -a -e "$cachedir/$oldrev" ]; then
+		die "cache for $oldrev already exists!"
+	fi
+	echo "$newrev" >"$cachedir/$oldrev"
+}
+
+rev_exists()
+{
+	if git rev-parse "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		return 0
+	else
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+rev_is_descendant_of_branch()
+{
+	newrev="$1"
+	branch="$2"
+	branch_hash=$(git rev-parse $branch)
+	match=$(git rev-list -1 $branch_hash ^$newrev)
+
+	if [ -z "$match" ]; then
+		return 0
+	else
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# if a commit doesn't have a parent, this might not work.  But we only want
+# to remove the parent from the rev-list, and since it doesn't exist, it won't
+# be there anyway, so do nothing in that case.
+try_remove_previous()
+{
+	if rev_exists "$1^"; then
+		echo "^$1^"
+	fi
+}
+
+find_latest_squash()
+{
+	debug "Looking for latest squash ($dir)..."
+	dir="$1"
+	sq=
+	main=
+	sub=
+	git log --grep="^git-subtree-dir: $dir/*\$" \
+		--pretty=format:'START %H%n%s%n%n%b%nEND%n' HEAD |
+	while read a b junk; do
+		debug "$a $b $junk"
+		debug "{{$sq/$main/$sub}}"
+		case "$a" in
+			START) sq="$b" ;;
+			git-subtree-mainline:) main="$b" ;;
+			git-subtree-split:)
+				sub="$(git rev-parse "$b^0")" ||
+				    die "could not rev-parse split hash $b from commit $sq"
+				;;
+			END)
+				if [ -n "$sub" ]; then
+					if [ -n "$main" ]; then
+						# a rejoin commit?
+						# Pretend its sub was a squash.
+						sq="$sub"
+					fi
+					debug "Squash found: $sq $sub"
+					echo "$sq" "$sub"
+					break
+				fi
+				sq=
+				main=
+				sub=
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+find_existing_splits()
+{
+	debug "Looking for prior splits..."
+	dir="$1"
+	revs="$2"
+	main=
+	sub=
+	git log --grep="^git-subtree-dir: $dir/*\$" \
+		--pretty=format:'START %H%n%s%n%n%b%nEND%n' $revs |
+	while read a b junk; do
+		case "$a" in
+			START) sq="$b" ;;
+			git-subtree-mainline:) main="$b" ;;
+			git-subtree-split:)
+				sub="$(git rev-parse "$b^0")" ||
+				    die "could not rev-parse split hash $b from commit $sq"
+				;;
+			END)
+				debug "  Main is: '$main'"
+				if [ -z "$main" -a -n "$sub" ]; then
+					# squash commits refer to a subtree
+					debug "  Squash: $sq from $sub"
+					cache_set "$sq" "$sub"
+				fi
+				if [ -n "$main" -a -n "$sub" ]; then
+					debug "  Prior: $main -> $sub"
+					cache_set $main $sub
+					cache_set $sub $sub
+					try_remove_previous "$main"
+					try_remove_previous "$sub"
+				fi
+				main=
+				sub=
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+copy_commit()
+{
+	# We're going to set some environment vars here, so
+	# do it in a subshell to get rid of them safely later
+	debug copy_commit "{$1}" "{$2}" "{$3}"
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:'%an%n%ae%n%aD%n%cn%n%ce%n%cD%n%B' "$1" |
+	(
+		read GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
+		read GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+		read GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+		read GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+		read GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+		read GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		export  GIT_AUTHOR_NAME \
+			GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL \
+			GIT_AUTHOR_DATE \
+			GIT_COMMITTER_NAME \
+			GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL \
+			GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		(printf "%s" "$annotate"; cat ) |
+		git commit-tree "$2" $3  # reads the rest of stdin
+	) || die "Can't copy commit $1"
+}
+
+add_msg()
+{
+	dir="$1"
+	latest_old="$2"
+	latest_new="$3"
+	if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+		commit_message="$message"
+	else
+		commit_message="Add '$dir/' from commit '$latest_new'"
+	fi
+	cat <<-EOF
+		$commit_message
+		
+		git-subtree-dir: $dir
+		git-subtree-mainline: $latest_old
+		git-subtree-split: $latest_new
+	EOF
+}
+
+add_squashed_msg()
+{
+	if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+		echo "$message"
+	else
+		echo "Merge commit '$1' as '$2'"
+	fi
+}
+
+rejoin_msg()
+{
+	dir="$1"
+	latest_old="$2"
+	latest_new="$3"
+	if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+		commit_message="$message"
+	else
+		commit_message="Split '$dir/' into commit '$latest_new'"
+	fi
+	cat <<-EOF
+		$commit_message
+		
+		git-subtree-dir: $dir
+		git-subtree-mainline: $latest_old
+		git-subtree-split: $latest_new
+	EOF
+}
+
+squash_msg()
+{
+	dir="$1"
+	oldsub="$2"
+	newsub="$3"
+	newsub_short=$(git rev-parse --short "$newsub")
+	
+	if [ -n "$oldsub" ]; then
+		oldsub_short=$(git rev-parse --short "$oldsub")
+		echo "Squashed '$dir/' changes from $oldsub_short..$newsub_short"
+		echo
+		git log --pretty=tformat:'%h %s' "$oldsub..$newsub"
+		git log --pretty=tformat:'REVERT: %h %s' "$newsub..$oldsub"
+	else
+		echo "Squashed '$dir/' content from commit $newsub_short"
+	fi
+	
+	echo
+	echo "git-subtree-dir: $dir"
+	echo "git-subtree-split: $newsub"
+}
+
+toptree_for_commit()
+{
+	commit="$1"
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:'%T' "$commit" -- || exit $?
+}
+
+subtree_for_commit()
+{
+	commit="$1"
+	dir="$2"
+	git ls-tree "$commit" -- "$dir" |
+	while read mode type tree name; do
+		assert [ "$name" = "$dir" ]
+		assert [ "$type" = "tree" -o "$type" = "commit" ]
+		[ "$type" = "commit" ] && continue  # ignore submodules
+		echo $tree
+		break
+	done
+}
+
+tree_changed()
+{
+	tree=$1
+	shift
+	if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
+		return 0   # weird parents, consider it changed
+	else
+		ptree=$(toptree_for_commit $1)
+		if [ "$ptree" != "$tree" ]; then
+			return 0   # changed
+		else
+			return 1   # not changed
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+new_squash_commit()
+{
+	old="$1"
+	oldsub="$2"
+	newsub="$3"
+	tree=$(toptree_for_commit $newsub) || exit $?
+	if [ -n "$old" ]; then
+		squash_msg "$dir" "$oldsub" "$newsub" | 
+			git commit-tree "$tree" -p "$old" || exit $?
+	else
+		squash_msg "$dir" "" "$newsub" |
+			git commit-tree "$tree" || exit $?
+	fi
+}
+
+copy_or_skip()
+{
+	rev="$1"
+	tree="$2"
+	newparents="$3"
+	assert [ -n "$tree" ]
+
+	identical=
+	nonidentical=
+	p=
+	gotparents=
+	for parent in $newparents; do
+		ptree=$(toptree_for_commit $parent) || exit $?
+		[ -z "$ptree" ] && continue
+		if [ "$ptree" = "$tree" ]; then
+			# an identical parent could be used in place of this rev.
+			identical="$parent"
+		else
+			nonidentical="$parent"
+		fi
+		
+		# sometimes both old parents map to the same newparent;
+		# eliminate duplicates
+		is_new=1
+		for gp in $gotparents; do
+			if [ "$gp" = "$parent" ]; then
+				is_new=
+				break
+			fi
+		done
+		if [ -n "$is_new" ]; then
+			gotparents="$gotparents $parent"
+			p="$p -p $parent"
+		fi
+	done
+
+	copycommit=
+	if [ -n "$identical" ] && [ -n "$nonidentical" ]; then
+		extras=$(git rev-list --count $identical..$nonidentical)
+		if [ "$extras" -ne 0 ]; then
+			# we need to preserve history along the other branch
+			copycommit=1
+		fi
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$identical" ] && [ -z "$copycommit" ]; then
+		echo $identical
+	else
+		copy_commit $rev $tree "$p" || exit $?
+	fi
+}
+
+ensure_clean()
+{
+	if ! git diff-index HEAD --exit-code --quiet 2>&1; then
+		die "Working tree has modifications.  Cannot add."
+	fi
+	if ! git diff-index --cached HEAD --exit-code --quiet 2>&1; then
+		die "Index has modifications.  Cannot add."
+	fi
+}
+
+ensure_valid_ref_format()
+{
+	git check-ref-format "refs/heads/$1" ||
+	    die "'$1' does not look like a ref"
+}
+
+cmd_add()
+{
+	if [ -e "$dir" ]; then
+		die "'$dir' already exists.  Cannot add."
+	fi
+
+	ensure_clean
+	
+	if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
+	    git rev-parse -q --verify "$1^{commit}" >/dev/null ||
+	    die "'$1' does not refer to a commit"
+
+	    "cmd_add_commit" "$@"
+	elif [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
+	    # Technically we could accept a refspec here but we're
+	    # just going to turn around and add FETCH_HEAD under the
+	    # specified directory.  Allowing a refspec might be
+	    # misleading because we won't do anything with any other
+	    # branches fetched via the refspec.
+	    ensure_valid_ref_format "$2"
+
+	    "cmd_add_repository" "$@"
+	else
+	    say "error: parameters were '$@'"
+	    die "Provide either a commit or a repository and commit."
+	fi
+}
+
+cmd_add_repository()
+{
+	echo "git fetch" "$@"
+	repository=$1
+	refspec=$2
+	git fetch "$@" || exit $?
+	revs=FETCH_HEAD
+	set -- $revs
+	cmd_add_commit "$@"
+}
+
+cmd_add_commit()
+{
+	revs=$(git rev-parse $default --revs-only "$@") || exit $?
+	set -- $revs
+	rev="$1"
+	
+	debug "Adding $dir as '$rev'..."
+	git read-tree --prefix="$dir" $rev || exit $?
+	git checkout -- "$dir" || exit $?
+	tree=$(git write-tree) || exit $?
+	
+	headrev=$(git rev-parse HEAD) || exit $?
+	if [ -n "$headrev" -a "$headrev" != "$rev" ]; then
+		headp="-p $headrev"
+	else
+		headp=
+	fi
+	
+	if [ -n "$squash" ]; then
+		rev=$(new_squash_commit "" "" "$rev") || exit $?
+		commit=$(add_squashed_msg "$rev" "$dir" |
+			 git commit-tree $tree $headp -p "$rev") || exit $?
+	else
+		revp=$(peel_committish "$rev") &&
+		commit=$(add_msg "$dir" "$headrev" "$rev" |
+			 git commit-tree $tree $headp -p "$revp") || exit $?
+	fi
+	git reset "$commit" || exit $?
+	
+	say "Added dir '$dir'"
+}
+
+cmd_split()
+{
+	debug "Splitting $dir..."
+	cache_setup || exit $?
+	
+	if [ -n "$onto" ]; then
+		debug "Reading history for --onto=$onto..."
+		git rev-list $onto |
+		while read rev; do
+			# the 'onto' history is already just the subdir, so
+			# any parent we find there can be used verbatim
+			debug "  cache: $rev"
+			cache_set $rev $rev
+		done
+	fi
+	
+	if [ -n "$ignore_joins" ]; then
+		unrevs=
+	else
+		unrevs="$(find_existing_splits "$dir" "$revs")"
+	fi
+	
+	# We can't restrict rev-list to only $dir here, because some of our
+	# parents have the $dir contents the root, and those won't match.
+	# (and rev-list --follow doesn't seem to solve this)
+	grl='git rev-list --topo-order --reverse --parents $revs $unrevs'
+	revmax=$(eval "$grl" | wc -l)
+	revcount=0
+	createcount=0
+	eval "$grl" |
+	while read rev parents; do
+		revcount=$(($revcount + 1))
+		progress "$revcount/$revmax ($createcount)"
+		debug "Processing commit: $rev"
+		exists=$(cache_get $rev)
+		if [ -n "$exists" ]; then
+			debug "  prior: $exists"
+			continue
+		fi
+		createcount=$(($createcount + 1))
+		debug "  parents: $parents"
+		newparents=$(cache_get $parents)
+		debug "  newparents: $newparents"
+		
+		tree=$(subtree_for_commit $rev "$dir")
+		debug "  tree is: $tree"
+
+		check_parents $parents
+		
+		# ugly.  is there no better way to tell if this is a subtree
+		# vs. a mainline commit?  Does it matter?
+		if [ -z $tree ]; then
+			set_notree $rev
+			if [ -n "$newparents" ]; then
+				cache_set $rev $rev
+			fi
+			continue
+		fi
+
+		newrev=$(copy_or_skip "$rev" "$tree" "$newparents") || exit $?
+		debug "  newrev is: $newrev"
+		cache_set $rev $newrev
+		cache_set latest_new $newrev
+		cache_set latest_old $rev
+	done || exit $?
+	latest_new=$(cache_get latest_new)
+	if [ -z "$latest_new" ]; then
+		die "No new revisions were found"
+	fi
+	
+	if [ -n "$rejoin" ]; then
+		debug "Merging split branch into HEAD..."
+		latest_old=$(cache_get latest_old)
+		git merge -s ours \
+			-m "$(rejoin_msg "$dir" $latest_old $latest_new)" \
+			$latest_new >&2 || exit $?
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$branch" ]; then
+		if rev_exists "refs/heads/$branch"; then
+			if ! rev_is_descendant_of_branch $latest_new $branch; then
+				die "Branch '$branch' is not an ancestor of commit '$latest_new'."
+			fi
+			action='Updated'
+		else
+			action='Created'
+		fi
+		git update-ref -m 'subtree split' "refs/heads/$branch" $latest_new || exit $?
+		say "$action branch '$branch'"
+	fi
+	echo $latest_new
+	exit 0
+}
+
+cmd_merge()
+{
+	revs=$(git rev-parse $default --revs-only "$@") || exit $?
+	ensure_clean
+	
+	set -- $revs
+	if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
+		die "You must provide exactly one revision.  Got: '$revs'"
+	fi
+	rev="$1"
+	
+	if [ -n "$squash" ]; then
+		first_split="$(find_latest_squash "$dir")"
+		if [ -z "$first_split" ]; then
+			die "Can't squash-merge: '$dir' was never added."
+		fi
+		set $first_split
+		old=$1
+		sub=$2
+		if [ "$sub" = "$rev" ]; then
+			say "Subtree is already at commit $rev."
+			exit 0
+		fi
+		new=$(new_squash_commit "$old" "$sub" "$rev") || exit $?
+		debug "New squash commit: $new"
+		rev="$new"
+	fi
+
+	version=$(git version)
+	if [ "$version" \< "git version 1.7" ]; then
+		if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+			git merge -s subtree --message="$message" $rev
+		else
+			git merge -s subtree $rev
+		fi
+	else
+		if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+			git merge -Xsubtree="$prefix" --message="$message" $rev
+		else
+			git merge -Xsubtree="$prefix" $rev
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+cmd_pull()
+{
+	if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
+	    die "You must provide <repository> <ref>"
+	fi
+	ensure_clean
+	ensure_valid_ref_format "$2"
+	git fetch "$@" || exit $?
+	revs=FETCH_HEAD
+	set -- $revs
+	cmd_merge "$@"
+}
+
+cmd_push()
+{
+	if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
+	    die "You must provide <repository> <ref>"
+	fi
+	ensure_valid_ref_format "$2"
+	if [ -e "$dir" ]; then
+	    repository=$1
+	    refspec=$2
+	    echo "git push using: " $repository $refspec
+	    localrev=$(git subtree split --prefix="$prefix") || die
+	    git push "$repository" $localrev:refs/heads/$refspec
+	else
+	    die "'$dir' must already exist. Try 'git subtree add'."
+	fi
+}
+
+"cmd_$command" "$@"
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60d76cdddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+git-subtree(1)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-subtree - Merge subtrees together and split repository into subtrees
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <commit>
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <repository> <ref>
+'git subtree' pull  -P <prefix> <repository> <ref>
+'git subtree' push  -P <prefix> <repository> <ref>
+'git subtree' merge -P <prefix> <commit>
+'git subtree' split -P <prefix> [OPTIONS] [<commit>]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Subtrees allow subprojects to be included within a subdirectory
+of the main project, optionally including the subproject's
+entire history.
+
+For example, you could include the source code for a library
+as a subdirectory of your application.
+
+Subtrees are not to be confused with submodules, which are meant for
+the same task. Unlike submodules, subtrees do not need any special
+constructions (like .gitmodule files or gitlinks) be present in
+your repository, and do not force end-users of your
+repository to do anything special or to understand how subtrees
+work. A subtree is just a subdirectory that can be
+committed to, branched, and merged along with your project in
+any way you want.
+
+They are also not to be confused with using the subtree merge
+strategy. The main difference is that, besides merging
+the other project as a subdirectory, you can also extract the
+entire history of a subdirectory from your project and make it
+into a standalone project. Unlike the subtree merge strategy
+you can alternate back and forth between these
+two operations. If the standalone library gets updated, you can
+automatically merge the changes into your project; if you
+update the library inside your project, you can "split" the
+changes back out again and merge them back into the library
+project.
+
+For example, if a library you made for one application ends up being
+useful elsewhere, you can extract its entire history and publish
+that as its own git repository, without accidentally
+intermingling the history of your application project.
+
+[TIP]
+In order to keep your commit messages clean, we recommend that
+people split their commits between the subtrees and the main
+project as much as possible.  That is, if you make a change that
+affects both the library and the main application, commit it in
+two pieces.  That way, when you split the library commits out
+later, their descriptions will still make sense.  But if this
+isn't important to you, it's not *necessary*.  git subtree will
+simply leave out the non-library-related parts of the commit
+when it splits it out into the subproject later.
+
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+add::
+	Create the <prefix> subtree by importing its contents
+	from the given <commit> or <repository> and remote <ref>.
+	A new commit is created	automatically, joining the imported
+	project's history with your own.  With '--squash', imports
+	only a single commit from the subproject, rather than its
+	entire history.
+
+merge::
+	Merge recent changes up to <commit> into the <prefix>
+	subtree.  As with normal 'git merge', this doesn't
+	remove your own local changes; it just merges those
+	changes into the latest <commit>.  With '--squash',
+	creates only one commit that contains all the changes,
+	rather than merging in the entire history.
++
+If you use '--squash', the merge direction doesn't always have to be
+forward; you can use this command to go back in time from v2.5 to v2.4,
+for example.  If your merge introduces a conflict, you can resolve it in
+the usual ways.
+	
+pull::
+	Exactly like 'merge', but parallels 'git pull' in that
+	it fetches the given ref from the specified remote
+	repository.
+	
+push::
+	Does a 'split' (see below) using the <prefix> supplied
+	and then does a 'git push' to push the result to the 
+	repository and ref. This can be used to push your
+	subtree to different branches of the remote repository.
+
+split::
+	Extract a new, synthetic project history from the
+	history of the <prefix> subtree.  The new history
+	includes only the commits (including merges) that
+	affected <prefix>, and each of those commits now has the
+	contents of <prefix> at the root of the project instead
+	of in a subdirectory.  Thus, the newly created history
+	is suitable for export as a separate git repository.
++
+After splitting successfully, a single commit id is printed to stdout.
+This corresponds to the HEAD of the newly created tree, which you can
+manipulate however you want.
++
+Repeated splits of exactly the same history are guaranteed to be
+identical (i.e. to produce the same commit ids).  Because of this, if
+you add new commits and then re-split, the new commits will be attached
+as commits on top of the history you generated last time, so 'git merge'
+and friends will work as expected.
++
+Note that if you use '--squash' when you merge, you should usually not
+just '--rejoin' when you split.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Suppress unnecessary output messages on stderr.
+
+-d::
+--debug::
+	Produce even more unnecessary output messages on stderr.
+
+-P <prefix>::
+--prefix=<prefix>::
+	Specify the path in the repository to the subtree you
+	want to manipulate.  This option is mandatory
+	for all commands.
+
+-m <message>::
+--message=<message>::
+	This option is only valid for add, merge and pull (unsure).
+	Specify <message> as the commit message for the merge commit.
+
+
+OPTIONS FOR add, merge, push, pull
+----------------------------------
+--squash::
+	This option is only valid for add, merge, and pull
+	commands.
++
+Instead of merging the entire history from the subtree project, produce
+only a single commit that contains all the differences you want to
+merge, and then merge that new commit into your project.
++
+Using this option helps to reduce log clutter. People rarely want to see
+every change that happened between v1.0 and v1.1 of the library they're
+using, since none of the interim versions were ever included in their
+application.
++
+Using '--squash' also helps avoid problems when the same subproject is
+included multiple times in the same project, or is removed and then
+re-added.  In such a case, it doesn't make sense to combine the
+histories anyway, since it's unclear which part of the history belongs
+to which subtree.
++
+Furthermore, with '--squash', you can switch back and forth between
+different versions of a subtree, rather than strictly forward.  'git
+subtree merge --squash' always adjusts the subtree to match the exactly
+specified commit, even if getting to that commit would require undoing
+some changes that were added earlier.
++
+Whether or not you use '--squash', changes made in your local repository
+remain intact and can be later split and send upstream to the
+subproject.
+
+
+OPTIONS FOR split
+-----------------
+--annotate=<annotation>::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+When generating synthetic history, add <annotation> as a prefix to each
+commit message.  Since we're creating new commits with the same commit
+message, but possibly different content, from the original commits, this
+can help to differentiate them and avoid confusion.
++
+Whenever you split, you need to use the same <annotation>, or else you
+don't have a guarantee that the new re-created history will be identical
+to the old one.  That will prevent merging from working correctly.  git
+subtree tries to make it work anyway, particularly if you use --rejoin,
+but it may not always be effective.
+
+-b <branch>::
+--branch=<branch>::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+After generating the synthetic history, create a new branch called
+<branch> that contains the new history.  This is suitable for immediate
+pushing upstream.  <branch> must not already exist.
+
+--ignore-joins::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+If you use '--rejoin', git subtree attempts to optimize its history
+reconstruction to generate only the new commits since the last
+'--rejoin'.  '--ignore-join' disables this behaviour, forcing it to
+regenerate the entire history.  In a large project, this can take a long
+time.
+
+--onto=<onto>::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+If your subtree was originally imported using something other than git
+subtree, its history may not match what git subtree is expecting.  In
+that case, you can specify the commit id <onto> that corresponds to the
+first revision of the subproject's history that was imported into your
+project, and git subtree will attempt to build its history from there.
++
+If you used 'git subtree add', you should never need this option.
+
+--rejoin::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+After splitting, merge the newly created synthetic history back into
+your main project.  That way, future splits can search only the part of
+history that has been added since the most recent --rejoin.
++
+If your split commits end up merged into the upstream subproject, and
+then you want to get the latest upstream version, this will allow git's
+merge algorithm to more intelligently avoid conflicts (since it knows
+these synthetic commits are already part of the upstream repository).
++
+Unfortunately, using this option results in 'git log' showing an extra
+copy of every new commit that was created (the original, and the
+synthetic one).
++
+If you do all your merges with '--squash', don't use '--rejoin' when you
+split, because you don't want the subproject's history to be part of
+your project anyway.
+
+
+EXAMPLE 1. Add command
+----------------------
+Let's assume that you have a local repository that you would like
+to add an external vendor library to. In this case we will add the
+git-subtree repository as a subdirectory of your already existing
+git-extensions repository in ~/git-extensions/:
+
+	$ git subtree add --prefix=git-subtree --squash \
+		git://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree.git master
+
+'master' needs to be a valid remote ref and can be a different branch
+name
+
+You can omit the --squash flag, but doing so will increase the number
+of commits that are included in your local repository.
+
+We now have a ~/git-extensions/git-subtree directory containing code
+from the master branch of git://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree.git
+in our git-extensions repository.
+
+EXAMPLE 2. Extract a subtree using commit, merge and pull
+---------------------------------------------------------
+Let's use the repository for the git source code as an example.
+First, get your own copy of the git.git repository:
+
+	$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git test-git
+	$ cd test-git
+
+gitweb (commit 1130ef3) was merged into git as of commit
+0a8f4f0, after which it was no longer maintained separately. 
+But imagine it had been maintained separately, and we wanted to
+extract git's changes to gitweb since that time, to share with
+the upstream.  You could do this:
+
+	$ git subtree split --prefix=gitweb --annotate='(split) ' \
+        	0a8f4f0^.. --onto=1130ef3 --rejoin \
+        	--branch gitweb-latest
+        $ gitk gitweb-latest
+        $ git push git@github.com:whatever/gitweb.git gitweb-latest:master
+        
+(We use '0a8f4f0^..' because that means "all the changes from
+0a8f4f0 to the current version, including 0a8f4f0 itself.")
+
+If gitweb had originally been merged using 'git subtree add' (or
+a previous split had already been done with --rejoin specified)
+then you can do all your splits without having to remember any
+weird commit ids:
+
+	$ git subtree split --prefix=gitweb --annotate='(split) ' --rejoin \
+		--branch gitweb-latest2
+
+And you can merge changes back in from the upstream project just
+as easily:
+
+	$ git subtree pull --prefix=gitweb \
+		git@github.com:whatever/gitweb.git master
+
+Or, using '--squash', you can actually rewind to an earlier
+version of gitweb:
+
+	$ git subtree merge --prefix=gitweb --squash gitweb-latest~10
+
+Then make some changes:
+
+	$ date >gitweb/myfile
+	$ git add gitweb/myfile
+	$ git commit -m 'created myfile'
+
+And fast forward again:
+
+	$ git subtree merge --prefix=gitweb --squash gitweb-latest
+
+And notice that your change is still intact:
+	
+	$ ls -l gitweb/myfile
+
+And you can split it out and look at your changes versus
+the standard gitweb:
+
+	git log gitweb-latest..$(git subtree split --prefix=gitweb)
+
+EXAMPLE 3. Extract a subtree using branch
+-----------------------------------------
+Suppose you have a source directory with many files and
+subdirectories, and you want to extract the lib directory to its own
+git project. Here's a short way to do it:
+
+First, make the new repository wherever you want:
+
+	$ <go to the new location>
+	$ git init --bare
+
+Back in your original directory:
+
+	$ git subtree split --prefix=lib --annotate="(split)" -b split
+
+Then push the new branch onto the new empty repository:
+
+	$ git push <new-repo> split:master
+
+
+AUTHOR
+------
+Written by Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@gmail.com>
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/Makefile b/contrib/subtree/t/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..276898eb6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# Run tests
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+#GIT_TEST_OPTS=--verbose --debug
+SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
+PERL_PATH ?= /usr/bin/perl
+TAR ?= $(TAR)
+RM ?= rm -f
+PROVE ?= prove
+DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET ?= test
+TEST_LINT ?= test-lint
+
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = $(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)/test-results
+else
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = ../../../t/test-results
+endif
+
+# Shell quote;
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY))
+
+T = $(sort $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
+TSVN = $(sort $(wildcard t91[0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
+TGITWEB = $(sort $(wildcard t95[0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
+THELPERS = $(sort $(filter-out $(T),$(wildcard *.sh)))
+
+all: $(DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET)
+
+test: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
+	$(MAKE) aggregate-results-and-cleanup
+
+prove: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
+	@echo "*** prove ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config $(PROVE) --exec '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $(GIT_PROVE_OPTS) $(T) :: $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+	$(MAKE) clean-except-prove-cache
+
+$(T):
+	@echo "*** $@ ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+
+pre-clean:
+	$(RM) -r '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
+
+clean-except-prove-cache:
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
+	$(RM) -r valgrind/bin
+
+clean: clean-except-prove-cache
+	$(RM) .prove
+
+test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
+
+test-lint-duplicates:
+	@dups=`echo $(T) | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/-.*//' | sort | uniq -d` && \
+		test -z "$$dups" || { \
+		echo >&2 "duplicate test numbers:" $$dups; exit 1; }
+
+test-lint-executable:
+	@bad=`for i in $(T); do test -x "$$i" || echo $$i; done` && \
+		test -z "$$bad" || { \
+		echo >&2 "non-executable tests:" $$bad; exit 1; }
+
+test-lint-shell-syntax:
+	@'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' ../../../t/check-non-portable-shell.pl $(T) $(THELPERS)
+
+aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
+	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
+	$(MAKE) clean
+
+aggregate-results:
+	for f in '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'/t*-*.counts; do \
+		echo "$$f"; \
+	done | '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ../../../t/aggregate-results.sh
+
+valgrind:
+	$(MAKE) GIT_TEST_OPTS="$(GIT_TEST_OPTS) --valgrind"
+
+test-results:
+	mkdir -p test-results
+
+.PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3bf96a9bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1077 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Avery Pennaraum
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Alexey Shumkin
+#
+test_description='Basic porcelain support for subtrees
+
+This test verifies the basic operation of the add, pull, merge
+and split subcommands of git subtree.
+'
+
+TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)/../../../t
+export TEST_DIRECTORY
+
+. ../../../t/test-lib.sh
+
+subtree_test_create_repo()
+{
+	test_create_repo "$1"
+	(
+		cd $1
+		git config log.date relative
+	)
+}
+
+create()
+{
+	echo "$1" >"$1"
+	git add "$1"
+}
+
+check_equal()
+{
+	test_debug 'echo'
+	test_debug "echo \"check a:\" \"{$1}\""
+	test_debug "echo \"      b:\" \"{$2}\""
+	if [ "$1" = "$2" ]; then
+		return 0
+	else
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+undo()
+{
+	git reset --hard HEAD~
+}
+
+# Make sure no patch changes more than one file.
+# The original set of commits changed only one file each.
+# A multi-file change would imply that we pruned commits
+# too aggressively.
+join_commits()
+{
+	commit=
+	all=
+	while read x y; do
+		if [ -z "$x" ]; then
+			continue
+		elif [ "$x" = "commit:" ]; then
+			if [ -n "$commit" ]; then
+				echo "$commit $all"
+				all=
+			fi
+			commit="$y"
+		else
+			all="$all $y"
+		fi
+	done
+	echo "$commit $all"
+}
+
+test_create_commit() (
+	repo=$1
+	commit=$2
+	cd "$repo"
+	mkdir -p $(dirname "$commit") \
+	|| error "Could not create directory for commit"
+	echo "$commit" >"$commit"
+	git add "$commit" || error "Could not add commit"
+	git commit -m "$commit" || error "Could not commit"
+)
+
+last_commit_message()
+{
+	git log --pretty=format:%s -1
+}
+
+subtree_test_count=0
+next_test() {
+	subtree_test_count=$(($subtree_test_count+1))
+}
+
+#
+# Tests for 'git subtree add'
+#
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'no merge from non-existent subtree' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		test_must_fail git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'no pull from non-existent subtree' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		test_must_fail git subtree pull --prefix="sub dir" ./"sub proj" master
+	)'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'add subproj as subtree into sub dir/ with --prefix' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Add '\''sub dir/'\'' from commit '\''$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)'\''"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'add subproj as subtree into sub dir/ with --prefix and --message' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" --message="Added subproject" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Added subproject"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'add subproj as subtree into sub dir/ with --prefix as -P and --message as -m' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add -P "sub dir" -m "Added subproject" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Added subproject"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'add subproj as subtree into sub dir/ with --squash and --prefix and --message' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" --message="Added subproject with squash" --squash FETCH_HEAD &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Added subproject with squash"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Tests for 'git subtree merge'
+#
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'merge new subproj history into sub dir/ with --prefix' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Merge commit '\''$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)'\''"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'merge new subproj history into sub dir/ with --prefix and --message' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" --message="Merged changes from subproject" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Merged changes from subproject"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'merge new subproj history into sub dir/ with --squash and --prefix and --message' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" --message="Merged changes from subproject using squash" --squash FETCH_HEAD &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Merged changes from subproject using squash"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'merge the added subproj again, should do nothing' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		# this shouldn not actually do anything, since FETCH_HEAD
+		# is already a parent
+		result=$(git merge -s ours -m "merge -s -ours" FETCH_HEAD) &&
+		check_equal "${result}" "Already up-to-date."
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'merge new subproj history into subdir/ with a slash appended to the argument of --prefix' '
+	test_create_repo "$test_count" &&
+	test_create_repo "$test_count/subproj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$test_count/subproj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./subproj master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix=subdir/ FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$test_count/subproj" sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./subproj master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix=subdir/ FETCH_HEAD &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Merge commit '\''$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)'\''"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Tests for 'git subtree split'
+#
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'split requires option --prefix' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		echo "You must provide the --prefix option." > expected &&
+		test_must_fail git subtree split > actual 2>&1 &&
+		test_debug "printf '"expected: "'" &&
+		test_debug "cat expected" &&
+		test_debug "printf '"actual: "'" &&
+		test_debug "cat actual" &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'split requires path given by option --prefix must exist' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		echo "'\''non-existent-directory'\'' does not exist; use '\''git subtree add'\''" > expected &&
+		test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix=non-existent-directory > actual 2>&1 &&
+		test_debug "printf '"expected: "'" &&
+		test_debug "cat expected" &&
+		test_debug "printf '"actual: "'" &&
+		test_debug "cat actual" &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'split sub dir/ with --rejoin' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		split_hash=$(git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*") &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --rejoin &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Split '\''sub dir/'\'' into commit '\''$split_hash'\''"
+	)
+ '
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'split sub dir/ with --rejoin and --message' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --message="Split & rejoin" --annotate="*" --rejoin &&
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Split & rejoin"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'split "sub dir"/ with --branch' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		split_hash=$(git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*") &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br &&
+		check_equal "$(git rev-parse subproj-br)" "$split_hash"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'check hash of split' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		split_hash=$(git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*") &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br &&
+		check_equal "$(git rev-parse subproj-br)" "$split_hash" &&
+		# Check hash of split
+		new_hash=$(git rev-parse subproj-br^2) &&
+		(
+			cd ./"sub proj" &&
+			subdir_hash=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+			check_equal ''"$new_hash"'' "$subdir_hash"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'split "sub dir"/ with --branch for an existing branch' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git branch subproj-br FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		split_hash=$(git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*") &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br &&
+		check_equal "$(git rev-parse subproj-br)" "$split_hash"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'split "sub dir"/ with --branch for an incompatible branch' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git branch init HEAD &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --branch init
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Validity checking
+#
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the subproj' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub3 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub3 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD &&
+
+		chks="sub1
+sub2
+sub3
+sub4" &&
+		chks_sub=$(cat <<TXT | sed '\''s,^,sub dir/,'\''
+$chks
+TXT
+) &&
+		chkms="main-sub1
+main-sub2
+main-sub3
+main-sub4" &&
+		chkms_sub=$(cat <<TXT | sed '\''s,^,sub dir/,'\''
+$chkms
+TXT
+) &&
+
+		subfiles=$(git ls-files) &&
+		check_equal "$subfiles" "$chkms
+$chks"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'make sure the subproj *only* contains commits that affect the "sub dir"' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub3 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub3 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD &&
+
+		chks="sub1
+sub2
+sub3
+sub4" &&
+		chks_sub=$(cat <<TXT | sed '\''s,^,sub dir/,'\''
+$chks
+TXT
+) &&
+		chkms="main-sub1
+main-sub2
+main-sub3
+main-sub4" &&
+		chkms_sub=$(cat <<TXT | sed '\''s,^,sub dir/,'\''
+$chkms
+TXT
+) &&
+		allchanges=$(git log --name-only --pretty=format:"" | sort | sed "/^$/d") &&
+		check_equal "$allchanges" "$chkms
+$chks"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the mainline' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub3 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub3 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree pull --prefix="sub dir" ./"sub proj" master &&
+
+		chkm="main1
+main2" &&
+		chks="sub1
+sub2
+sub3
+sub4" &&
+		chks_sub=$(cat <<TXT | sed '\''s,^,sub dir/,'\''
+$chks
+TXT
+) &&
+		chkms="main-sub1
+main-sub2
+main-sub3
+main-sub4" &&
+		chkms_sub=$(cat <<TXT | sed '\''s,^,sub dir/,'\''
+$chkms
+TXT
+) &&
+		mainfiles=$(git ls-files) &&
+		check_equal "$mainfiles" "$chkm
+$chkms_sub
+$chks_sub"
+)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'make sure each filename changed exactly once in the entire history' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git config log.date relative
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub3 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub3 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree pull --prefix="sub dir" ./"sub proj" master &&
+
+		chkm="main1
+main2" &&
+		chks="sub1
+sub2
+sub3
+sub4" &&
+		chks_sub=$(cat <<TXT | sed '\''s,^,sub dir/,'\''
+$chks
+TXT
+) &&
+		chkms="main-sub1
+main-sub2
+main-sub3
+main-sub4" &&
+		chkms_sub=$(cat <<TXT | sed '\''s,^,sub dir/,'\''
+$chkms
+TXT
+) &&
+
+		# main-sub?? and /"sub dir"/main-sub?? both change, because those are the
+		# changes that were split into their own history.  And "sub dir"/sub?? never
+		# change, since they were *only* changed in the subtree branch.
+		allchanges=$(git log --name-only --pretty=format:"" | sort | sed "/^$/d") &&
+		expected=''"$(cat <<TXT | sort
+$chkms
+$chkm
+$chks
+$chkms_sub
+TXT
+)"'' &&
+		check_equal "$allchanges" "$expected"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'make sure the --rejoin commits never make it into subproj' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub3 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub3 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree pull --prefix="sub dir" ./"sub proj" master &&
+		check_equal "$(git log --pretty=format:"%s" HEAD^2 | grep -i split)" ""
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'make sure no "git subtree" tagged commits make it into subproj' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub3 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub3 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		 git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub4 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --annotate="*" --branch subproj-br --rejoin
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+		git fetch .. subproj-br &&
+		git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree pull --prefix="sub dir" ./"sub proj" master &&
+
+		# They are meaningless to subproj since one side of the merge refers to the mainline
+		check_equal "$(git log --pretty=format:"%s%n%b" HEAD^2 | grep "git-subtree.*:")" ""
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# A new set of tests
+#
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'make sure "git subtree split" find the correct parent' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git branch subproj-ref FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --branch subproj-br &&
+
+		# at this point, the new commit parent should be subproj-ref, if it is
+		# not, something went wrong (the "newparent" of "master~" commit should
+		# have been sub2, but it was not, because its cache was not set to
+		# itself)
+		check_equal "$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 subproj-br)" "$(git rev-parse subproj-ref)"
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'split a new subtree without --onto option' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --branch subproj-br
+	) &&
+	mkdir "$subtree_test_count"/"sub dir2" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir2"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+
+		# also test that we still can split out an entirely new subtree
+		# if the parent of the first commit in the tree is not empty,
+		# then the new subtree has accidently been attached to something
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir2" --branch subproj2-br &&
+		check_equal "$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 subproj2-br)" ""
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'verify one file change per commit' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git branch sub1 FETCH_HEAD &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" sub1
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir" --branch subproj-br
+	) &&
+	mkdir "$subtree_test_count"/"sub dir2" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir2"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git subtree split --prefix="sub dir2" --branch subproj2-br &&
+
+		x= &&
+		git log --pretty=format:"commit: %H" | join_commits |
+		(
+			while read commit a b; do
+				test_debug "echo Verifying commit $commit"
+				test_debug "echo a: $a"
+				test_debug "echo b: $b"
+				check_equal "$b" ""
+				x=1
+			done
+			check_equal "$x" 1
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'push split to subproj' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree add --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub1 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" main2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count/sub proj" sub2 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub2 &&
+	(
+		cd $subtree_test_count/"sub proj" &&
+                git branch sub-branch-1 &&
+                cd .. &&
+		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
+		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" "sub dir"/main-sub3 &&
+        (
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	        git subtree push ./"sub proj" --prefix "sub dir" sub-branch-1 &&
+                cd ./"sub proj" &&
+                git checkout sub-branch-1 &&
+         	check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "sub dir/main-sub3"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# This test covers 2 cases in subtree split copy_or_skip code
+# 1) Merges where one parent is a superset of the changes of the other
+#    parent regarding changes to the subtree, in this case the merge
+#    commit should be copied
+# 2) Merges where only one parent operate on the subtree, and the merge
+#    commit should be skipped
+#
+# (1) is checked by ensuring subtree_tip is a descendent of subtree_branch
+# (2) should have a check added (not_a_subtree_change shouldn't be present
+#     on the produced subtree)
+#
+# Other related cases which are not tested (or currently handled correctly)
+# - Case (1) where there are more than 2 parents, it will sometimes correctly copy
+#   the merge, and sometimes not
+# - Merge commit where both parents have same tree as the merge, currently
+#   will always be skipped, even if they reached that state via different
+#   set of commits.
+#
+
+next_test
+test_expect_success 'subtree descendant check' '
+	subtree_test_create_repo "$subtree_test_count" &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" folder_subtree/a &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git branch branch
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" folder_subtree/0 &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" folder_subtree/b &&
+	cherry=$(cd "$subtree_test_count"; git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git checkout branch
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" commit_on_branch &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git cherry-pick $cherry &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git merge -m "merge should be kept on subtree" branch &&
+		git branch no_subtree_work_branch
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" folder_subtree/d &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git checkout no_subtree_work_branch
+	) &&
+	test_create_commit "$subtree_test_count" not_a_subtree_change &&
+	(
+		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git merge -m "merge should be skipped on subtree" no_subtree_work_branch &&
+
+		git subtree split --prefix folder_subtree/ --branch subtree_tip master &&
+		git subtree split --prefix folder_subtree/ --branch subtree_branch branch &&
+		check_equal $(git rev-list --count subtree_tip..subtree_branch) 0
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/todo b/contrib/subtree/todo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d0e777651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/todo
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+	delete tempdir
+
+	'git subtree rejoin' option to do the same as --rejoin, eg. after a
+	  rebase
+
+	--prefix doesn't force the subtree correctly in merge/pull:
+	"-s subtree" should be given an explicit subtree option?
+		There doesn't seem to be a way to do this.  We'd have to
+		patch git-merge-subtree.  Ugh.
+		(but we could avoid this problem by generating squashes with
+		exactly the right subtree structure, rather than using
+		subtree merge...)
+
+	add a 'log' subcommand to see what's new in a subtree?
+
+	add to-submodule and from-submodule commands
+
+	automated tests for --squash stuff
+
+	"add" command non-obviously requires a commitid; would be easier if
+		it had a "pull" sort of mode instead
+
+	"pull" and "merge" commands should fail if you've never merged
+		that --prefix before
+		
+	docs should provide an example of "add"
+	
+	note that the initial split doesn't *have* to have a commitid
+		specified... that's just an optimization
+
+	if you try to add (or maybe merge?) with an invalid commitid, you
+		get a misleading "prefix must end with /" message from
+		one of the other git tools that git-subtree calls.  Should
+		detect this situation and print the *real* problem.
+	
+	"pull --squash" should do fetch-synthesize-merge, but instead just
+		does "pull" directly, which doesn't work at all.
+
+	make a 'force-update' that does what 'add' does even if the subtree
+		already exists.  That way we can help people who imported
+		subtrees "incorrectly" (eg. by just copying in the files) in
+		the past.
+
+	guess --prefix automatically if possible based on pwd
+
+	make a 'git subtree grafts' that automatically expands --squash'd
+		commits so you can see the full history if you want it.
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/Makefile b/contrib/svn-fe/Makefile
index 360d8da417..e8651aaf4b 100644
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/Makefile
@@ -1,18 +1,58 @@
 all:: svn-fe$X
 
-CC = gcc
+CC = cc
 RM = rm -f
 MV = mv
 
 CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
 LDFLAGS =
-ALL_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
-ALL_LDFLAGS = $(LDFLAGS)
-EXTLIBS =
+EXTLIBS = -lz
+
+include ../../config.mak.uname
+-include ../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../config.mak
+
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	ifndef NO_FINK
+		ifeq ($(shell test -d /sw/lib && echo y),y)
+			CFLAGS += -I/sw/include
+			LDFLAGS += -L/sw/lib
+		endif
+	endif
+	ifndef NO_DARWIN_PORTS
+		ifeq ($(shell test -d /opt/local/lib && echo y),y)
+			CFLAGS += -I/opt/local/include
+			LDFLAGS += -L/opt/local/lib
+		endif
+	endif
+endif
+
+ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+	EXTLIBS += -lssl
+	ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
+		EXTLIBS += -lcrypto
+	endif
+endif
+
+ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	CFLAGS += $(PTHREADS_CFLAGS)
+	EXTLIBS += $(PTHREAD_LIBS)
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+	CFLAGS += -DHAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+	EXTLIBS += -lrt
+endif
+
+ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
+	EXTLIBS += -liconv
+endif
 
 GIT_LIB = ../../libgit.a
 VCSSVN_LIB = ../../vcs-svn/lib.a
-LIBS = $(VCSSVN_LIB) $(GIT_LIB) $(EXTLIBS)
+XDIFF_LIB = ../../xdiff/lib.a
+
+LIBS = $(VCSSVN_LIB) $(GIT_LIB) $(XDIFF_LIB)
 
 QUIET_SUBDIR0 = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
 QUIET_SUBDIR1 =
@@ -33,12 +73,11 @@ ifndef V
 endif
 endif
 
-svn-fe$X: svn-fe.o $(VCSSVN_LIB) $(GIT_LIB)
-	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ svn-fe.o \
-		$(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
+svn-fe$X: svn-fe.o $(VCSSVN_LIB) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(GIT_LIB)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(EXTLIBS) -o $@ svn-fe.o $(LIBS)
 
 svn-fe.o: svn-fe.c ../../vcs-svn/svndump.h
-	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -I../../vcs-svn -o $*.o -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $<
+	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I../../vcs-svn -o $*.o -c $<
 
 svn-fe.html: svn-fe.txt
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../../Documentation $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) \
@@ -54,6 +93,9 @@ svn-fe.1: svn-fe.txt
 ../../vcs-svn/lib.a: FORCE
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../.. $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) vcs-svn/lib.a
 
+../../xdiff/lib.a: FORCE
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../.. $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) xdiff/lib.a
+
 ../../libgit.a: FORCE
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../.. $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) libgit.a
 
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
index 35db24f5ea..f363505abb 100644
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	if (svndump_init(NULL))
 		return 1;
-	svndump_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : NULL);
+	svndump_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : NULL, "refs/heads/master",
+			"refs/notes/svn/revs");
 	svndump_deinit();
 	svndump_reset();
 	return 0;
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt
index 72ffea0b3a..a3425f4770 100644
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ svn-fe - convert an SVN "dumpfile" to a fast-import stream
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-svnadmin dump --incremental REPO | svn-fe [url] | git fast-import
+mkfifo backchannel &&
+svnadmin dump --deltas REPO |
+	svn-fe [url] 3<backchannel |
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=3 3>backchannel
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -29,9 +32,6 @@ Subversion's repository dump format is documented in full in
 Files in this format can be generated using the 'svnadmin dump' or
 'svk admin dump' command.
 
-Dumps produced with 'svnadmin dump --deltas' (dumpfile format v3)
-are not supported.
-
 OUTPUT FORMAT
 -------------
 The fast-import format is documented by the git-fast-import(1)
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ manual page.
 NOTES
 -----
 Subversion dumps do not record a separate author and committer for
-each revision, nor a separate display name and email address for
-each author.  Like git-svn(1), 'svn-fe' will use the name
+each revision, nor do they record a separate display name and email
+address for each author.  Like git-svn(1), 'svn-fe' will use the name
 
 ---------
 user <user@UUID>
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ as committer, where 'user' is the value of the `svn:author` property
 and 'UUID' the repository's identifier.
 
 To support incremental imports, 'svn-fe' puts a `git-svn-id` line at
-the end of each commit log message if passed an url on the command
+the end of each commit log message if passed a URL on the command
 line.  This line has the form `git-svn-id: URL@REVNO UUID`.
 
 The resulting repository will generally require further processing
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..11ac6f6927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""
+Simulates svnrdump by replaying an existing dump from a file, taking care
+of the specified revision range.
+To simulate incremental imports the environment variable SVNRMAX can be set
+to the highest revision that should be available.
+"""
+import sys
+import os
+
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+    # The limiter is the ValueError() calls. This may be too conservative
+    sys.stderr.write("svnrdump-sim.py: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def getrevlimit():
+    var = 'SVNRMAX'
+    if var in os.environ:
+        return os.environ[var]
+    return None
+
+
+def writedump(url, lower, upper):
+    if url.startswith('sim://'):
+        filename = url[6:]
+        if filename[-1] == '/':
+            filename = filename[:-1]  # remove terminating slash
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('sim:// url required')
+    f = open(filename, 'r')
+    state = 'header'
+    wroterev = False
+    while(True):
+        l = f.readline()
+        if l == '':
+            break
+        if state == 'header' and l.startswith('Revision-number: '):
+            state = 'prefix'
+        if state == 'prefix' and l == 'Revision-number: %s\n' % lower:
+            state = 'selection'
+        if not upper == 'HEAD' and state == 'selection' and \
+                l == 'Revision-number: %s\n' % upper:
+            break
+
+        if state == 'header' or state == 'selection':
+            if state == 'selection':
+                wroterev = True
+            sys.stdout.write(l)
+    return wroterev
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if not (len(sys.argv) in (3, 4, 5)):
+        print("usage: %s dump URL -rLOWER:UPPER")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if not sys.argv[1] == 'dump':
+        raise NotImplementedError('only "dump" is suppported.')
+    url = sys.argv[2]
+    r = ('0', 'HEAD')
+    if len(sys.argv) == 4 and sys.argv[3][0:2] == '-r':
+        r = sys.argv[3][2:].lstrip().split(':')
+    if not getrevlimit() is None:
+        r[1] = getrevlimit()
+    if writedump(url, r[0], r[1]):
+        ret = 0
+    else:
+        ret = 1
+    sys.exit(ret)
diff --git a/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
index 5eb4a51643..1053872eea 100755
--- a/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
+++ b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ CONFFILE=~/.appprc
 
 SEP="-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=# Don't remove this line #=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-"
 if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] ; then
-	LAST_DIR=`grep -m 1 "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}"|sed -e 's/^LAST_DIR=//'`
+	LAST_DIR=$(grep -m 1 "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}"|sed -e 's/^LAST_DIR=//')
 	cd "${LAST_DIR}"
 else
 	cd > /dev/null
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ fi
 
 cd - > /dev/null
 
-SUBJECT=`sed -n -e '/^Subject: /p' "${PATCH}"`
-HEADERS=`sed -e '/^'"${SEP}"'$/,$d' $1`
-BODY=`sed -e "1,/${SEP}/d" $1`
-CMT_MSG=`sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^---$/,$d' "${PATCH}"`
-DIFF=`sed -e '1,/^---$/d' "${PATCH}"`
+SUBJECT=$(sed -n -e '/^Subject: /p' "${PATCH}")
+HEADERS=$(sed -e '/^'"${SEP}"'$/,$d' $1)
+BODY=$(sed -e "1,/${SEP}/d" $1)
+CMT_MSG=$(sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^---$/,$d' "${PATCH}")
+DIFF=$(sed -e '1,/^---$/d' "${PATCH}")
 
-CCS=`echo -e "$CMT_MSG\n$HEADERS" | sed -n -e 's/^Cc: \(.*\)$/\1,/gp' \
-	-e 's/^Signed-off-by: \(.*\)/\1,/gp'`
+CCS=$(echo -e "$CMT_MSG\n$HEADERS" | sed -n -e 's/^Cc: \(.*\)$/\1,/gp' \
+	-e 's/^Signed-off-by: \(.*\)/\1,/gp')
 
 echo "$SUBJECT" > $1
 echo "Cc: $CCS" >> $1
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ if [ "x${BODY}x" != "xx" ] ; then
 fi
 echo "$DIFF" >> $1
 
-LAST_DIR=`dirname "${PATCH}"`
+LAST_DIR=$(dirname "${PATCH}")
 
 grep -v "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}" > "${CONFFILE}_"
 echo "LAST_DIR=${LAST_DIR}" >> "${CONFFILE}_"
diff --git a/contrib/vim/README b/contrib/vim/README
deleted file mode 100644
index fca1e17251..0000000000
--- a/contrib/vim/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-Syntax highlighting for git commit messages, config files, etc. is
-included with the vim distribution as of vim 7.2, and should work
-automatically.
-
-If you have an older version of vim, you can get the latest syntax
-files from the vim project:
-
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/git.vim
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitcommit.vim
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitconfig.vim
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitrebase.vim
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitsendemail.vim
-
-These files are also available via FTP at the same location.
-
-To install:
-
-  1. Copy these files to vim's syntax directory $HOME/.vim/syntax
-  2. To auto-detect the editing of various git-related filetypes:
-	$ cat >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim <<'EOF'
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG    setf gitcommit
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/config,.gitconfig setf gitconfig
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead git-rebase-todo         setf gitrebase
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead .msg.[0-9]*
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^From.*# This line is ignored.$' |
-		\   setf gitsendemail |
-		\ endif
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/**
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^\x\{40\}\>\|^ref: ' |
-		\   setf git |
-		\ endif
-	EOF
diff --git a/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
index 75e8b25817..888c34a521 100755
--- a/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
+++ b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ die () {
 	exit 128
 }
 
+failed () {
+	die "unable to create new workdir '$new_workdir'!"
+}
+
 if test $# -lt 2 || test $# -gt 3
 then
 	usage "$0 <repository> <new_workdir> [<branch>]"
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ esac
 
 # don't link to a configured bare repository
 isbare=$(git --git-dir="$git_dir" config --bool --get core.bare)
-if test ztrue = z$isbare
+if test ztrue = "z$isbare"
 then
 	die "\"$git_dir\" has core.bare set to true," \
 		" remove from \"$git_dir/config\" to use $0"
@@ -48,35 +52,54 @@ then
 		"a complete repository."
 fi
 
-# don't recreate a workdir over an existing repository
-if test -e "$new_workdir"
+# make sure the links in the workdir have full paths to the original repo
+git_dir=$(cd "$git_dir" && pwd) || exit 1
+
+# don't recreate a workdir over an existing directory, unless it's empty
+if test -d "$new_workdir"
 then
-	die "destination directory '$new_workdir' already exists."
+	if test $(ls -a1 "$new_workdir/." | wc -l) -ne 2
+	then
+		die "destination directory '$new_workdir' is not empty."
+	fi
+	cleandir="$new_workdir/.git"
+else
+	cleandir="$new_workdir"
 fi
 
-# make sure the links use full paths
-git_dir=$(cd "$git_dir"; pwd)
+mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git" || failed
+cleandir=$(cd "$cleandir" && pwd) || failed
 
-# create the workdir
-mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git" || die "unable to create \"$new_workdir\"!"
+cleanup () {
+	rm -rf "$cleandir"
+}
+siglist="0 1 2 15"
+trap cleanup $siglist
 
 # create the links to the original repo.  explicitly exclude index, HEAD and
 # logs/HEAD from the list since they are purely related to the current working
 # directory, and should not be shared.
 for x in config refs logs/refs objects info hooks packed-refs remotes rr-cache svn
 do
+	# create a containing directory if needed
 	case $x in
 	*/*)
-		mkdir -p "$(dirname "$new_workdir/.git/$x")"
+		mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git/${x%/*}"
 		;;
 	esac
-	ln -s "$git_dir/$x" "$new_workdir/.git/$x"
+
+	ln -s "$git_dir/$x" "$new_workdir/.git/$x" || failed
 done
 
-# now setup the workdir
-cd "$new_workdir"
+# commands below this are run in the context of the new workdir
+cd "$new_workdir" || failed
+
 # copy the HEAD from the original repository as a default branch
-cp "$git_dir/HEAD" .git/HEAD
-# checkout the branch (either the same as HEAD from the original repository, or
-# the one that was asked for)
+cp "$git_dir/HEAD" .git/HEAD || failed
+
+# the workdir is set up.  if the checkout fails, the user can fix it.
+trap - $siglist
+
+# checkout the branch (either the same as HEAD from the original repository,
+# or the one that was asked for)
 git checkout -f $branch
diff --git a/convert.c b/convert.c
index c9ab54ffd2..b1614bf7ff 100644
--- a/convert.c
+++ b/convert.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "attr.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 /*
  * convert.c - convert a file when checking it out and checking it in.
@@ -12,18 +13,25 @@
  * translation when the "text" attribute or "auto_crlf" option is set.
  */
 
+/* Stat bits: When BIN is set, the txt bits are unset */
+#define CONVERT_STAT_BITS_TXT_LF    0x1
+#define CONVERT_STAT_BITS_TXT_CRLF  0x2
+#define CONVERT_STAT_BITS_BIN       0x4
+
 enum crlf_action {
-	CRLF_GUESS = -1,
-	CRLF_BINARY = 0,
+	CRLF_UNDEFINED,
+	CRLF_BINARY,
 	CRLF_TEXT,
-	CRLF_INPUT,
-	CRLF_CRLF,
-	CRLF_AUTO
+	CRLF_TEXT_INPUT,
+	CRLF_TEXT_CRLF,
+	CRLF_AUTO,
+	CRLF_AUTO_INPUT,
+	CRLF_AUTO_CRLF
 };
 
 struct text_stat {
 	/* NUL, CR, LF and CRLF counts */
-	unsigned nul, cr, lf, crlf;
+	unsigned nul, lonecr, lonelf, crlf;
 
 	/* These are just approximations! */
 	unsigned printable, nonprintable;
@@ -38,13 +46,15 @@ static void gather_stats(const char *buf, unsigned long size, struct text_stat *
 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 		unsigned char c = buf[i];
 		if (c == '\r') {
-			stats->cr++;
-			if (i+1 < size && buf[i+1] == '\n')
+			if (i+1 < size && buf[i+1] == '\n') {
 				stats->crlf++;
+				i++;
+			} else
+				stats->lonecr++;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == '\n') {
-			stats->lf++;
+			stats->lonelf++;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == 127)
@@ -74,23 +84,84 @@ static void gather_stats(const char *buf, unsigned long size, struct text_stat *
 
 /*
  * The same heuristics as diff.c::mmfile_is_binary()
+ * We treat files with bare CR as binary
  */
-static int is_binary(unsigned long size, struct text_stat *stats)
+static int convert_is_binary(unsigned long size, const struct text_stat *stats)
 {
-
+	if (stats->lonecr)
+		return 1;
 	if (stats->nul)
 		return 1;
 	if ((stats->printable >> 7) < stats->nonprintable)
 		return 1;
-	/*
-	 * Other heuristics? Average line length might be relevant,
-	 * as might LF vs CR vs CRLF counts..
-	 *
-	 * NOTE! It might be normal to have a low ratio of CRLF to LF
-	 * (somebody starts with a LF-only file and edits it with an editor
-	 * that adds CRLF only to lines that are added..). But do  we
-	 * want to support CR-only? Probably not.
-	 */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned int gather_convert_stats(const char *data, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct text_stat stats;
+	int ret = 0;
+	if (!data || !size)
+		return 0;
+	gather_stats(data, size, &stats);
+	if (convert_is_binary(size, &stats))
+		ret |= CONVERT_STAT_BITS_BIN;
+	if (stats.crlf)
+		ret |= CONVERT_STAT_BITS_TXT_CRLF;
+	if (stats.lonelf)
+		ret |=  CONVERT_STAT_BITS_TXT_LF;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const char *gather_convert_stats_ascii(const char *data, unsigned long size)
+{
+	unsigned int convert_stats = gather_convert_stats(data, size);
+
+	if (convert_stats & CONVERT_STAT_BITS_BIN)
+		return "-text";
+	switch (convert_stats) {
+	case CONVERT_STAT_BITS_TXT_LF:
+		return "lf";
+	case CONVERT_STAT_BITS_TXT_CRLF:
+		return "crlf";
+	case CONVERT_STAT_BITS_TXT_LF | CONVERT_STAT_BITS_TXT_CRLF:
+		return "mixed";
+	default:
+		return "none";
+	}
+}
+
+const char *get_cached_convert_stats_ascii(const char *path)
+{
+	const char *ret;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	void *data = read_blob_data_from_cache(path, &sz);
+	ret = gather_convert_stats_ascii(data, sz);
+	free(data);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+const char *get_wt_convert_stats_ascii(const char *path)
+{
+	const char *ret = "";
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, path, 0) >= 0)
+		ret = gather_convert_stats_ascii(sb.buf, sb.len);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int text_eol_is_crlf(void)
+{
+	if (auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_TRUE)
+		return 1;
+	else if (auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_INPUT)
+		return 0;
+	if (core_eol == EOL_CRLF)
+		return 1;
+	if (core_eol == EOL_UNSET && EOL_NATIVE == EOL_CRLF)
+		return 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -99,23 +170,19 @@ static enum eol output_eol(enum crlf_action crlf_action)
 	switch (crlf_action) {
 	case CRLF_BINARY:
 		return EOL_UNSET;
-	case CRLF_CRLF:
+	case CRLF_TEXT_CRLF:
 		return EOL_CRLF;
-	case CRLF_INPUT:
+	case CRLF_TEXT_INPUT:
 		return EOL_LF;
-	case CRLF_GUESS:
-		if (!auto_crlf)
-			return EOL_UNSET;
-		/* fall through */
+	case CRLF_UNDEFINED:
+	case CRLF_AUTO_CRLF:
+	case CRLF_AUTO_INPUT:
 	case CRLF_TEXT:
 	case CRLF_AUTO:
-		if (auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_TRUE)
-			return EOL_CRLF;
-		else if (auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_INPUT)
-			return EOL_LF;
-		else if (core_eol == EOL_UNSET)
-			return EOL_NATIVE;
+		/* fall through */
+		return text_eol_is_crlf() ? EOL_CRLF : EOL_LF;
 	}
+	warning("Illegal crlf_action %d\n", (int)crlf_action);
 	return core_eol;
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +208,7 @@ static void check_safe_crlf(const char *path, enum crlf_action crlf_action,
 		 * CRLFs would be added by checkout:
 		 * check if we have "naked" LFs
 		 */
-		if (stats->lf != stats->crlf) {
+		if (stats->lonelf) {
 			if (checksafe == SAFE_CRLF_WARN)
 				warning("LF will be replaced by CRLF in %s.\nThe file will have its original line endings in your working directory.", path);
 			else /* i.e. SAFE_CRLF_FAIL */
@@ -152,36 +219,13 @@ static void check_safe_crlf(const char *path, enum crlf_action crlf_action,
 
 static int has_cr_in_index(const char *path)
 {
-	int pos, len;
 	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
 	int has_cr;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
-		return 0;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
+	data = read_blob_data_from_cache(path, &sz);
+	if (!data)
 		return 0;
-	}
-
 	has_cr = memchr(data, '\r', sz) != NULL;
 	free(data);
 	return has_cr;
@@ -195,27 +239,23 @@ static int crlf_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 	char *dst;
 
 	if (crlf_action == CRLF_BINARY ||
-	    (crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS && auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_FALSE) || !len)
+	    (src && !len))
 		return 0;
 
-	gather_stats(src, len, &stats);
+	/*
+	 * If we are doing a dry-run and have no source buffer, there is
+	 * nothing to analyze; we must assume we would convert.
+	 */
+	if (!buf && !src)
+		return 1;
 
-	if (crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO || crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS) {
-		/*
-		 * We're currently not going to even try to convert stuff
-		 * that has bare CR characters. Does anybody do that crazy
-		 * stuff?
-		 */
-		if (stats.cr != stats.crlf)
-			return 0;
+	gather_stats(src, len, &stats);
 
-		/*
-		 * And add some heuristics for binary vs text, of course...
-		 */
-		if (is_binary(len, &stats))
+	if (crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO || crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_INPUT || crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_CRLF) {
+		if (convert_is_binary(len, &stats))
 			return 0;
 
-		if (crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS) {
+		if (crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_INPUT || crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_CRLF) {
 			/*
 			 * If the file in the index has any CR in it, do not convert.
 			 * This is the new safer autocrlf handling.
@@ -227,15 +267,22 @@ static int crlf_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 
 	check_safe_crlf(path, crlf_action, &stats, checksafe);
 
-	/* Optimization: No CR? Nothing to convert, regardless. */
-	if (!stats.cr)
+	/* Optimization: No CRLF? Nothing to convert, regardless. */
+	if (!stats.crlf)
 		return 0;
 
+	/*
+	 * At this point all of our source analysis is done, and we are sure we
+	 * would convert. If we are in dry-run mode, we can give an answer.
+	 */
+	if (!buf)
+		return 1;
+
 	/* only grow if not in place */
 	if (strbuf_avail(buf) + buf->len < len)
 		strbuf_grow(buf, len - buf->len);
 	dst = buf->buf;
-	if (crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO || crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS) {
+	if (crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO || crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_INPUT || crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_CRLF) {
 		/*
 		 * If we guessed, we already know we rejected a file with
 		 * lone CR, and we can strip a CR without looking at what
@@ -268,27 +315,19 @@ static int crlf_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 
 	gather_stats(src, len, &stats);
 
-	/* No LF? Nothing to convert, regardless. */
-	if (!stats.lf)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* Was it already in CRLF format? */
-	if (stats.lf == stats.crlf)
+	/* No "naked" LF? Nothing to convert, regardless. */
+	if (!stats.lonelf)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO || crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS) {
-		if (crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS) {
+	if (crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO || crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_INPUT || crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_CRLF) {
+		if (crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_INPUT || crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_CRLF) {
 			/* If we have any CR or CRLF line endings, we do not touch it */
 			/* This is the new safer autocrlf-handling */
-			if (stats.cr > 0 || stats.crlf > 0)
+			if (stats.lonecr || stats.crlf )
 				return 0;
 		}
 
-		/* If we have any bare CR characters, we're not going to touch it */
-		if (stats.cr != stats.crlf)
-			return 0;
-
-		if (is_binary(len, &stats))
+		if (convert_is_binary(len, &stats))
 			return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -296,7 +335,7 @@ static int crlf_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 	if (src == buf->buf)
 		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
 
-	strbuf_grow(buf, len + stats.lf - stats.crlf);
+	strbuf_grow(buf, len + stats.lonelf);
 	for (;;) {
 		const char *nl = memchr(src, '\n', len);
 		if (!nl)
@@ -319,16 +358,17 @@ static int crlf_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 struct filter_params {
 	const char *src;
 	unsigned long size;
+	int fd;
 	const char *cmd;
 	const char *path;
 };
 
-static int filter_buffer(int in, int out, void *data)
+static int filter_buffer_or_fd(int in, int out, void *data)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Spawn cmd and feed the buffer contents through its stdin.
 	 */
-	struct child_process child_process;
+	struct child_process child_process = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct filter_params *params = (struct filter_params *)data;
 	int write_err, status;
 	const char *argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
@@ -351,7 +391,6 @@ static int filter_buffer(int in, int out, void *data)
 
 	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
 
-	memset(&child_process, 0, sizeof(child_process));
 	child_process.argv = argv;
 	child_process.use_shell = 1;
 	child_process.in = -1;
@@ -360,12 +399,26 @@ static int filter_buffer(int in, int out, void *data)
 	if (start_command(&child_process))
 		return error("cannot fork to run external filter %s", params->cmd);
 
-	write_err = (write_in_full(child_process.in, params->src, params->size) < 0);
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+	if (params->src) {
+		write_err = (write_in_full(child_process.in,
+					   params->src, params->size) < 0);
+		if (errno == EPIPE)
+			write_err = 0;
+	} else {
+		write_err = copy_fd(params->fd, child_process.in);
+		if (write_err == COPY_WRITE_ERROR && errno == EPIPE)
+			write_err = 0;
+	}
+
 	if (close(child_process.in))
 		write_err = 1;
 	if (write_err)
 		error("cannot feed the input to external filter %s", params->cmd);
 
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
+
 	status = finish_command(&child_process);
 	if (status)
 		error("external filter %s failed %d", params->cmd, status);
@@ -374,7 +427,7 @@ static int filter_buffer(int in, int out, void *data)
 	return (write_err || status);
 }
 
-static int apply_filter(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+static int apply_filter(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len, int fd,
                         struct strbuf *dst, const char *cmd)
 {
 	/*
@@ -388,15 +441,19 @@ static int apply_filter(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 	struct async async;
 	struct filter_params params;
 
-	if (!cmd)
+	if (!cmd || !*cmd)
 		return 0;
 
+	if (!dst)
+		return 1;
+
 	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
-	async.proc = filter_buffer;
+	async.proc = filter_buffer_or_fd;
 	async.data = &params;
 	async.out = -1;
 	params.src = src;
 	params.size = len;
+	params.fd = fd;
 	params.cmd = cmd;
 	params.path = path;
 
@@ -429,11 +486,12 @@ static struct convert_driver {
 	struct convert_driver *next;
 	const char *smudge;
 	const char *clean;
+	int required;
 } *user_convert, **user_convert_tail;
 
 static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 	struct convert_driver *drv;
 
@@ -441,10 +499,8 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	 * External conversion drivers are configured using
 	 * "filter.<name>.variable".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "filter.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 6)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "filter", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
-	name = var + 7;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (drv = user_convert; drv; drv = drv->next)
 		if (!strncmp(drv->name, name, namelen) && !drv->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -455,8 +511,6 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		user_convert_tail = &(drv->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
-
 	/*
 	 * filter.<name>.smudge and filter.<name>.clean specifies
 	 * the command line:
@@ -466,12 +520,17 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	 * The command-line will not be interpolated in any way.
 	 */
 
-	if (!strcmp("smudge", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("smudge", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->smudge, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("clean", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("clean", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->clean, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp("required", key)) {
+		drv->required = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -522,9 +581,12 @@ static int ident_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 {
 	char *dst, *dollar;
 
-	if (!ident || !count_ident(src, len))
+	if (!ident || (src && !count_ident(src, len)))
 		return 0;
 
+	if (!buf)
+		return 1;
+
 	/* only grow if not in place */
 	if (strbuf_avail(buf) + buf->len < len)
 		strbuf_grow(buf, len - buf->len);
@@ -641,7 +703,7 @@ static int ident_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static enum crlf_action git_path_check_crlf(const char *path, struct git_attr_check *check)
+static enum crlf_action git_path_check_crlf(struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	const char *value = check->value;
 
@@ -652,13 +714,13 @@ static enum crlf_action git_path_check_crlf(const char *path, struct git_attr_ch
 	else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
 		;
 	else if (!strcmp(value, "input"))
-		return CRLF_INPUT;
+		return CRLF_TEXT_INPUT;
 	else if (!strcmp(value, "auto"))
 		return CRLF_AUTO;
-	return CRLF_GUESS;
+	return CRLF_UNDEFINED;
 }
 
-static enum eol git_path_check_eol(const char *path, struct git_attr_check *check)
+static enum eol git_path_check_eol(struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	const char *value = check->value;
 
@@ -671,8 +733,7 @@ static enum eol git_path_check_eol(const char *path, struct git_attr_check *chec
 	return EOL_UNSET;
 }
 
-static struct convert_driver *git_path_check_convert(const char *path,
-					     struct git_attr_check *check)
+static struct convert_driver *git_path_check_convert(struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	const char *value = check->value;
 	struct convert_driver *drv;
@@ -685,28 +746,17 @@ static struct convert_driver *git_path_check_convert(const char *path,
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int git_path_check_ident(const char *path, struct git_attr_check *check)
+static int git_path_check_ident(struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	const char *value = check->value;
 
 	return !!ATTR_TRUE(value);
 }
 
-static enum crlf_action input_crlf_action(enum crlf_action text_attr, enum eol eol_attr)
-{
-	if (text_attr == CRLF_BINARY)
-		return CRLF_BINARY;
-	if (eol_attr == EOL_LF)
-		return CRLF_INPUT;
-	if (eol_attr == EOL_CRLF)
-		return CRLF_CRLF;
-	return text_attr;
-}
-
 struct conv_attrs {
 	struct convert_driver *drv;
-	enum crlf_action crlf_action;
-	enum eol eol_attr;
+	enum crlf_action attr_action; /* What attr says */
+	enum crlf_action crlf_action; /* When no attr is set, use core.autocrlf */
 	int ident;
 };
 
@@ -728,18 +778,78 @@ static void convert_attrs(struct conv_attrs *ca, const char *path)
 	}
 
 	if (!git_check_attr(path, NUM_CONV_ATTRS, ccheck)) {
-		ca->crlf_action = git_path_check_crlf(path, ccheck + 4);
-		if (ca->crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS)
-			ca->crlf_action = git_path_check_crlf(path, ccheck + 0);
-		ca->ident = git_path_check_ident(path, ccheck + 1);
-		ca->drv = git_path_check_convert(path, ccheck + 2);
-		ca->eol_attr = git_path_check_eol(path, ccheck + 3);
+		ca->crlf_action = git_path_check_crlf(ccheck + 4);
+		if (ca->crlf_action == CRLF_UNDEFINED)
+			ca->crlf_action = git_path_check_crlf(ccheck + 0);
+		ca->attr_action = ca->crlf_action;
+		ca->ident = git_path_check_ident(ccheck + 1);
+		ca->drv = git_path_check_convert(ccheck + 2);
+		if (ca->crlf_action != CRLF_BINARY) {
+			enum eol eol_attr = git_path_check_eol(ccheck + 3);
+			if (eol_attr == EOL_LF)
+				ca->crlf_action = CRLF_TEXT_INPUT;
+			else if (eol_attr == EOL_CRLF)
+				ca->crlf_action = CRLF_TEXT_CRLF;
+		}
+		ca->attr_action = ca->crlf_action;
 	} else {
 		ca->drv = NULL;
-		ca->crlf_action = CRLF_GUESS;
-		ca->eol_attr = EOL_UNSET;
+		ca->crlf_action = CRLF_UNDEFINED;
 		ca->ident = 0;
 	}
+	if (ca->crlf_action == CRLF_TEXT)
+		ca->crlf_action = text_eol_is_crlf() ? CRLF_TEXT_CRLF : CRLF_TEXT_INPUT;
+	if (ca->crlf_action == CRLF_UNDEFINED && auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_FALSE)
+		ca->crlf_action = CRLF_BINARY;
+	if (ca->crlf_action == CRLF_UNDEFINED && auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_TRUE)
+		ca->crlf_action = CRLF_AUTO_CRLF;
+	if (ca->crlf_action == CRLF_UNDEFINED && auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_INPUT)
+		ca->crlf_action = CRLF_AUTO_INPUT;
+}
+
+int would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(const char *path)
+{
+	struct conv_attrs ca;
+
+	convert_attrs(&ca, path);
+	if (!ca.drv)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Apply a filter to an fd only if the filter is required to succeed.
+	 * We must die if the filter fails, because the original data before
+	 * filtering is not available.
+	 */
+	if (!ca.drv->required)
+		return 0;
+
+	return apply_filter(path, NULL, 0, -1, NULL, ca.drv->clean);
+}
+
+const char *get_convert_attr_ascii(const char *path)
+{
+	struct conv_attrs ca;
+
+	convert_attrs(&ca, path);
+	switch (ca.attr_action) {
+	case CRLF_UNDEFINED:
+		return "";
+	case CRLF_BINARY:
+		return "-text";
+	case CRLF_TEXT:
+		return "text";
+	case CRLF_TEXT_INPUT:
+		return "text eol=lf";
+	case CRLF_TEXT_CRLF:
+		return "text eol=crlf";
+	case CRLF_AUTO:
+		return "text=auto";
+	case CRLF_AUTO_CRLF:
+		return "text=auto eol=crlf"; /* This is not supported yet */
+	case CRLF_AUTO_INPUT:
+		return "text=auto eol=lf"; /* This is not supported yet */
+	}
+	return "";
 }
 
 int convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
@@ -747,37 +857,61 @@ int convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 	const char *filter = NULL;
+	int required = 0;
 	struct conv_attrs ca;
 
 	convert_attrs(&ca, path);
-	if (ca.drv)
+	if (ca.drv) {
 		filter = ca.drv->clean;
+		required = ca.drv->required;
+	}
 
-	ret |= apply_filter(path, src, len, dst, filter);
-	if (ret) {
+	ret |= apply_filter(path, src, len, -1, dst, filter);
+	if (!ret && required)
+		die("%s: clean filter '%s' failed", path, ca.drv->name);
+
+	if (ret && dst) {
 		src = dst->buf;
 		len = dst->len;
 	}
-	ca.crlf_action = input_crlf_action(ca.crlf_action, ca.eol_attr);
 	ret |= crlf_to_git(path, src, len, dst, ca.crlf_action, checksafe);
-	if (ret) {
+	if (ret && dst) {
 		src = dst->buf;
 		len = dst->len;
 	}
 	return ret | ident_to_git(path, src, len, dst, ca.ident);
 }
 
+void convert_to_git_filter_fd(const char *path, int fd, struct strbuf *dst,
+			      enum safe_crlf checksafe)
+{
+	struct conv_attrs ca;
+	convert_attrs(&ca, path);
+
+	assert(ca.drv);
+	assert(ca.drv->clean);
+
+	if (!apply_filter(path, NULL, 0, fd, dst, ca.drv->clean))
+		die("%s: clean filter '%s' failed", path, ca.drv->name);
+
+	crlf_to_git(path, dst->buf, dst->len, dst, ca.crlf_action, checksafe);
+	ident_to_git(path, dst->buf, dst->len, dst, ca.ident);
+}
+
 static int convert_to_working_tree_internal(const char *path, const char *src,
 					    size_t len, struct strbuf *dst,
 					    int normalizing)
 {
-	int ret = 0;
+	int ret = 0, ret_filter = 0;
 	const char *filter = NULL;
+	int required = 0;
 	struct conv_attrs ca;
 
 	convert_attrs(&ca, path);
-	if (ca.drv)
+	if (ca.drv) {
 		filter = ca.drv->smudge;
+		required = ca.drv->required;
+	}
 
 	ret |= ident_to_worktree(path, src, len, dst, ca.ident);
 	if (ret) {
@@ -789,14 +923,18 @@ static int convert_to_working_tree_internal(const char *path, const char *src,
 	 * is a smudge filter.  The filter might expect CRLFs.
 	 */
 	if (filter || !normalizing) {
-		ca.crlf_action = input_crlf_action(ca.crlf_action, ca.eol_attr);
 		ret |= crlf_to_worktree(path, src, len, dst, ca.crlf_action);
 		if (ret) {
 			src = dst->buf;
 			len = dst->len;
 		}
 	}
-	return ret | apply_filter(path, src, len, dst, filter);
+
+	ret_filter = apply_filter(path, src, len, -1, dst, filter);
+	if (!ret_filter && required)
+		die("%s: smudge filter %s failed", path, ca.drv->name);
+
+	return ret | ret_filter;
 }
 
 int convert_to_working_tree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len, struct strbuf *dst)
@@ -816,7 +954,7 @@ int renormalize_buffer(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len, struct str
 
 /*****************************************************************
  *
- * Streaming converison support
+ * Streaming conversion support
  *
  *****************************************************************/
 
@@ -879,7 +1017,8 @@ int is_null_stream_filter(struct stream_filter *filter)
 
 struct lf_to_crlf_filter {
 	struct stream_filter filter;
-	unsigned want_lf:1;
+	unsigned has_held:1;
+	char held;
 };
 
 static int lf_to_crlf_filter_fn(struct stream_filter *filter,
@@ -889,10 +1028,14 @@ static int lf_to_crlf_filter_fn(struct stream_filter *filter,
 	size_t count, o = 0;
 	struct lf_to_crlf_filter *lf_to_crlf = (struct lf_to_crlf_filter *)filter;
 
-	/* Output a pending LF if we need to */
-	if (lf_to_crlf->want_lf) {
-		output[o++] = '\n';
-		lf_to_crlf->want_lf = 0;
+	/*
+	 * We may be holding onto the CR to see if it is followed by a
+	 * LF, in which case we would need to go to the main loop.
+	 * Otherwise, just emit it to the output stream.
+	 */
+	if (lf_to_crlf->has_held && (lf_to_crlf->held != '\r' || !input)) {
+		output[o++] = lf_to_crlf->held;
+		lf_to_crlf->has_held = 0;
 	}
 
 	/* We are told to drain */
@@ -902,22 +1045,57 @@ static int lf_to_crlf_filter_fn(struct stream_filter *filter,
 	}
 
 	count = *isize_p;
-	if (count) {
+	if (count || lf_to_crlf->has_held) {
 		size_t i;
+		int was_cr = 0;
+
+		if (lf_to_crlf->has_held) {
+			was_cr = 1;
+			lf_to_crlf->has_held = 0;
+		}
+
 		for (i = 0; o < *osize_p && i < count; i++) {
 			char ch = input[i];
+
 			if (ch == '\n') {
 				output[o++] = '\r';
-				if (o >= *osize_p) {
-					lf_to_crlf->want_lf = 1;
-					continue; /* We need to increase i */
-				}
+			} else if (was_cr) {
+				/*
+				 * Previous round saw CR and it is not followed
+				 * by a LF; emit the CR before processing the
+				 * current character.
+				 */
+				output[o++] = '\r';
 			}
+
+			/*
+			 * We may have consumed the last output slot,
+			 * in which case we need to break out of this
+			 * loop; hold the current character before
+			 * returning.
+			 */
+			if (*osize_p <= o) {
+				lf_to_crlf->has_held = 1;
+				lf_to_crlf->held = ch;
+				continue; /* break but increment i */
+			}
+
+			if (ch == '\r') {
+				was_cr = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			was_cr = 0;
 			output[o++] = ch;
 		}
 
 		*osize_p -= o;
 		*isize_p -= i;
+
+		if (!lf_to_crlf->has_held && was_cr) {
+			lf_to_crlf->has_held = 1;
+			lf_to_crlf->held = '\r';
+		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1062,9 +1240,9 @@ static int is_foreign_ident(const char *str)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(str, "$Id: "))
+	if (!skip_prefix(str, "$Id: ", &str))
 		return 0;
-	for (i = 5; str[i]; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; str[i]; i++) {
 		if (isspace(str[i]) && str[i+1] != '$')
 			return 1;
 	}
@@ -1183,7 +1361,8 @@ static struct stream_filter *ident_filter(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct ident_filter *ident = xmalloc(sizeof(*ident));
 
-	sprintf(ident->ident, ": %s $", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	xsnprintf(ident->ident, sizeof(ident->ident),
+		  ": %s $", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	strbuf_init(&ident->left, 0);
 	ident->filter.vtbl = &ident_vtbl;
 	ident->state = 0;
@@ -1201,26 +1380,22 @@ static struct stream_filter *ident_filter(const unsigned char *sha1)
 struct stream_filter *get_stream_filter(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct conv_attrs ca;
-	enum crlf_action crlf_action;
 	struct stream_filter *filter = NULL;
 
 	convert_attrs(&ca, path);
-
 	if (ca.drv && (ca.drv->smudge || ca.drv->clean))
-		return filter;
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (ca.crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO || ca.crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO_CRLF)
+		return NULL;
 
 	if (ca.ident)
 		filter = ident_filter(sha1);
 
-	crlf_action = input_crlf_action(ca.crlf_action, ca.eol_attr);
-
-	if ((crlf_action == CRLF_BINARY) || (crlf_action == CRLF_INPUT) ||
-	    (crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS && auto_crlf == AUTO_CRLF_FALSE))
-		filter = cascade_filter(filter, &null_filter_singleton);
-
-	else if (output_eol(crlf_action) == EOL_CRLF &&
-		 !(crlf_action == CRLF_AUTO || crlf_action == CRLF_GUESS))
+	if (output_eol(ca.crlf_action) == EOL_CRLF)
 		filter = cascade_filter(filter, lf_to_crlf_filter());
+	else
+		filter = cascade_filter(filter, &null_filter_singleton);
 
 	return filter;
 }
diff --git a/convert.h b/convert.h
index d799a165b4..ccf436bfbf 100644
--- a/convert.h
+++ b/convert.h
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ enum eol {
 };
 
 extern enum eol core_eol;
+extern const char *get_cached_convert_stats_ascii(const char *path);
+extern const char *get_wt_convert_stats_ascii(const char *path);
+extern const char *get_convert_attr_ascii(const char *path);
 
 /* returns 1 if *dst was used */
 extern int convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
@@ -40,10 +43,19 @@ extern int convert_to_working_tree(const char *path, const char *src,
 				   size_t len, struct strbuf *dst);
 extern int renormalize_buffer(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 			      struct strbuf *dst);
+static inline int would_convert_to_git(const char *path)
+{
+	return convert_to_git(path, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
+}
+/* Precondition: would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(path) == true */
+extern void convert_to_git_filter_fd(const char *path, int fd,
+				     struct strbuf *dst,
+				     enum safe_crlf checksafe);
+extern int would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(const char *path);
 
 /*****************************************************************
  *
- * Streaming converison support
+ * Streaming conversion support
  *
  *****************************************************************/
 
diff --git a/copy.c b/copy.c
index a7f58fd905..4de6a110f0 100644
--- a/copy.c
+++ b/copy.c
@@ -4,34 +4,14 @@ int copy_fd(int ifd, int ofd)
 {
 	while (1) {
 		char buffer[8192];
-		char *buf = buffer;
 		ssize_t len = xread(ifd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 		if (!len)
 			break;
-		if (len < 0) {
-			int read_error = errno;
-			close(ifd);
-			return error("copy-fd: read returned %s",
-				     strerror(read_error));
-		}
-		while (len) {
-			int written = xwrite(ofd, buf, len);
-			if (written > 0) {
-				buf += written;
-				len -= written;
-			}
-			else if (!written) {
-				close(ifd);
-				return error("copy-fd: write returned 0");
-			} else {
-				int write_error = errno;
-				close(ifd);
-				return error("copy-fd: write returned %s",
-					     strerror(write_error));
-			}
-		}
+		if (len < 0)
+			return COPY_READ_ERROR;
+		if (write_in_full(ofd, buffer, len) < 0)
+			return COPY_WRITE_ERROR;
 	}
-	close(ifd);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -60,8 +40,17 @@ int copy_file(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode)
 		return fdo;
 	}
 	status = copy_fd(fdi, fdo);
+	switch (status) {
+	case COPY_READ_ERROR:
+		error_errno("copy-fd: read returned");
+		break;
+	case COPY_WRITE_ERROR:
+		error_errno("copy-fd: write returned");
+		break;
+	}
+	close(fdi);
 	if (close(fdo) != 0)
-		return error("%s: close error: %s", dst, strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno("%s: close error", dst);
 
 	if (!status && adjust_shared_perm(dst))
 		return -1;
diff --git a/credential-cache--daemon.c b/credential-cache--daemon.c
index 390f194252..1f14d56e98 100644
--- a/credential-cache--daemon.c
+++ b/credential-cache--daemon.c
@@ -1,22 +1,10 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
 #include "credential.h"
 #include "unix-socket.h"
-#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
 
-static const char *socket_path;
-
-static void cleanup_socket(void)
-{
-	if (socket_path)
-		unlink(socket_path);
-}
-
-static void cleanup_socket_on_signal(int sig)
-{
-	cleanup_socket();
-	sigchain_pop(sig);
-	raise(sig);
-}
+static struct tempfile socket_file;
 
 struct credential_cache_entry {
 	struct credential item;
@@ -108,15 +96,13 @@ static int read_request(FILE *fh, struct credential *c,
 	static struct strbuf item = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *p;
 
-	strbuf_getline(&item, fh, '\n');
-	p = skip_prefix(item.buf, "action=");
-	if (!p)
+	strbuf_getline_lf(&item, fh);
+	if (!skip_prefix(item.buf, "action=", &p))
 		return error("client sent bogus action line: %s", item.buf);
 	strbuf_addstr(action, p);
 
-	strbuf_getline(&item, fh, '\n');
-	p = skip_prefix(item.buf, "timeout=");
-	if (!p)
+	strbuf_getline_lf(&item, fh);
+	if (!skip_prefix(item.buf, "timeout=", &p))
 		return error("client sent bogus timeout line: %s", item.buf);
 	*timeout = atoi(p);
 
@@ -140,8 +126,17 @@ static void serve_one_client(FILE *in, FILE *out)
 			fprintf(out, "password=%s\n", e->item.password);
 		}
 	}
-	else if (!strcmp(action.buf, "exit"))
+	else if (!strcmp(action.buf, "exit")) {
+		/*
+		 * It's important that we clean up our socket first, and then
+		 * signal the client only once we have finished the cleanup.
+		 * Calling exit() directly does this, because we clean up in
+		 * our atexit() handler, and then signal the client when our
+		 * process actually ends, which closes the socket and gives
+		 * them EOF.
+		 */
 		exit(0);
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(action.buf, "erase"))
 		remove_credential(&c);
 	else if (!strcmp(action.buf, "store")) {
@@ -184,12 +179,12 @@ static int serve_cache_loop(int fd)
 
 		client = accept(fd, NULL, NULL);
 		if (client < 0) {
-			warning("accept failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+			warning_errno("accept failed");
 			return 1;
 		}
 		client2 = dup(client);
 		if (client2 < 0) {
-			warning("dup failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+			warning_errno("dup failed");
 			close(client);
 			return 1;
 		}
@@ -203,7 +198,7 @@ static int serve_cache_loop(int fd)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void serve_cache(const char *socket_path)
+static void serve_cache(const char *socket_path, int debug)
 {
 	int fd;
 
@@ -213,12 +208,15 @@ static void serve_cache(const char *socket_path)
 
 	printf("ok\n");
 	fclose(stdout);
+	if (!debug) {
+		if (!freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr))
+			die_errno("unable to point stderr to /dev/null");
+	}
 
 	while (serve_cache_loop(fd))
 		; /* nothing */
 
 	close(fd);
-	unlink(socket_path);
 }
 
 static const char permissions_advice[] =
@@ -226,7 +224,7 @@ static const char permissions_advice[] =
 "users may be able to read your cached credentials. Consider running:\n"
 "\n"
 "	chmod 0700 %s";
-static void check_socket_directory(const char *path)
+static void init_socket_directory(const char *path)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	char *path_copy = xstrdup(path);
@@ -235,35 +233,64 @@ static void check_socket_directory(const char *path)
 	if (!stat(dir, &st)) {
 		if (st.st_mode & 077)
 			die(permissions_advice, dir);
-		free(path_copy);
-		return;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We must be sure to create the directory with the correct mode,
+		 * not just chmod it after the fact; otherwise, there is a race
+		 * condition in which somebody can chdir to it, sleep, then try to open
+		 * our protected socket.
+		 */
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(dir) < 0)
+			die_errno("unable to create directories for '%s'", dir);
+		if (mkdir(dir, 0700) < 0)
+			die_errno("unable to mkdir '%s'", dir);
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * We must be sure to create the directory with the correct mode,
-	 * not just chmod it after the fact; otherwise, there is a race
-	 * condition in which somebody can chdir to it, sleep, then try to open
-	 * our protected socket.
-	 */
-	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(dir) < 0)
-		die_errno("unable to create directories for '%s'", dir);
-	if (mkdir(dir, 0700) < 0)
-		die_errno("unable to mkdir '%s'", dir);
+	if (chdir(dir))
+		/*
+		 * We don't actually care what our cwd is; we chdir here just to
+		 * be a friendly daemon and avoid tying up our original cwd.
+		 * If this fails, it's OK to just continue without that benefit.
+		 */
+		;
+
 	free(path_copy);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	socket_path = argv[1];
+	const char *socket_path;
+	int ignore_sighup = 0;
+	static const char *usage[] = {
+		"git-credential-cache--daemon [opts] <socket_path>",
+		NULL
+	};
+	int debug = 0;
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug", &debug,
+			 N_("print debugging messages to stderr")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config_get_bool("credentialcache.ignoresighup", &ignore_sighup);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
+	socket_path = argv[0];
 
 	if (!socket_path)
-		die("usage: git-credential-cache--daemon <socket_path>");
-	check_socket_directory(socket_path);
+		usage_with_options(usage, options);
+
+	if (!is_absolute_path(socket_path))
+		die("socket directory must be an absolute path");
+
+	init_socket_directory(socket_path);
+	register_tempfile(&socket_file, socket_path);
 
-	atexit(cleanup_socket);
-	sigchain_push_common(cleanup_socket_on_signal);
+	if (ignore_sighup)
+		signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
 
-	serve_cache(socket_path);
+	serve_cache(socket_path, debug);
+	delete_tempfile(&socket_file);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/credential-cache.c b/credential-cache.c
index dc98372e59..86e21de49b 100644
--- a/credential-cache.c
+++ b/credential-cache.c
@@ -32,17 +32,17 @@ static int send_request(const char *socket, const struct strbuf *out)
 		write_or_die(1, in, r);
 		got_data = 1;
 	}
+	close(fd);
 	return got_data;
 }
 
 static void spawn_daemon(const char *socket)
 {
-	struct child_process daemon;
+	struct child_process daemon = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
 	char buf[128];
 	int r;
 
-	memset(&daemon, 0, sizeof(daemon));
 	argv[0] = "git-credential-cache--daemon";
 	argv[1] = socket;
 	daemon.argv = argv;
@@ -71,11 +71,14 @@ static void do_cache(const char *socket, const char *action, int timeout,
 			die_errno("unable to relay credential");
 	}
 
-	if (!send_request(socket, &buf))
-		return;
-	if (flags & FLAG_SPAWN) {
-		spawn_daemon(socket);
-		send_request(socket, &buf);
+	if (send_request(socket, &buf) < 0) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ECONNREFUSED)
+			die_errno("unable to connect to cache daemon");
+		if (flags & FLAG_SPAWN) {
+			spawn_daemon(socket);
+			if (send_request(socket, &buf) < 0)
+				die_errno("unable to connect to cache daemon");
+		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	int timeout = 900;
 	const char *op;
 	const char * const usage[] = {
-		"git credential-cache [options] <action>",
+		"git credential-cache [<options>] <action>",
 		NULL
 	};
 	struct option options[] = {
diff --git a/credential-store.c b/credential-store.c
index 26f7589a60..57141679ab 100644
--- a/credential-store.c
+++ b/credential-store.c
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "credential.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static struct lock_file credential_lock;
 
-static void parse_credential_file(const char *fn,
+static int parse_credential_file(const char *fn,
 				  struct credential *c,
 				  void (*match_cb)(struct credential *),
 				  void (*other_cb)(struct strbuf *))
@@ -13,18 +14,20 @@ static void parse_credential_file(const char *fn,
 	FILE *fh;
 	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct credential entry = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+	int found_credential = 0;
 
 	fh = fopen(fn, "r");
 	if (!fh) {
-		if (errno != ENOENT)
+		if (errno != ENOENT && errno != EACCES)
 			die_errno("unable to open %s", fn);
-		return;
+		return found_credential;
 	}
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&line, fh, '\n') != EOF) {
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, fh) != EOF) {
 		credential_from_url(&entry, line.buf);
 		if (entry.username && entry.password &&
 		    credential_match(c, &entry)) {
+			found_credential = 1;
 			if (match_cb) {
 				match_cb(&entry);
 				break;
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ static void parse_credential_file(const char *fn,
 	credential_clear(&entry);
 	strbuf_release(&line);
 	fclose(fh);
+	return found_credential;
 }
 
 static void print_entry(struct credential *c)
@@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ static void print_entry(struct credential *c)
 static void print_line(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
-	write_or_die(credential_lock.fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
+	write_or_die(get_lock_file_fd(&credential_lock), buf->buf, buf->len);
 }
 
 static void rewrite_credential_file(const char *fn, struct credential *c,
@@ -60,24 +64,13 @@ static void rewrite_credential_file(const char *fn, struct credential *c,
 		print_line(extra);
 	parse_credential_file(fn, c, NULL, print_line);
 	if (commit_lock_file(&credential_lock) < 0)
-		die_errno("unable to commit credential store");
+		die_errno("unable to write credential store");
 }
 
-static void store_credential(const char *fn, struct credential *c)
+static void store_credential_file(const char *fn, struct credential *c)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	/*
-	 * Sanity check that what we are storing is actually sensible.
-	 * In particular, we can't make a URL without a protocol field.
-	 * Without either a host or pathname (depending on the scheme),
-	 * we have no primary key. And without a username and password,
-	 * we are not actually storing a credential.
-	 */
-	if (!c->protocol || !(c->host || c->path) ||
-	    !c->username || !c->password)
-		return;
-
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s://", c->protocol);
 	strbuf_addstr_urlencode(&buf, c->username, 1);
 	strbuf_addch(&buf, ':');
@@ -94,8 +87,37 @@ static void store_credential(const char *fn, struct credential *c)
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
-static void remove_credential(const char *fn, struct credential *c)
+static void store_credential(const struct string_list *fns, struct credential *c)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *fn;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check that what we are storing is actually sensible.
+	 * In particular, we can't make a URL without a protocol field.
+	 * Without either a host or pathname (depending on the scheme),
+	 * we have no primary key. And without a username and password,
+	 * we are not actually storing a credential.
+	 */
+	if (!c->protocol || !(c->host || c->path) || !c->username || !c->password)
+		return;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(fn, fns)
+		if (!access(fn->string, F_OK)) {
+			store_credential_file(fn->string, c);
+			return;
+		}
+	/*
+	 * Write credential to the filename specified by fns->items[0], thus
+	 * creating it
+	 */
+	if (fns->nr)
+		store_credential_file(fns->items[0].string, c);
+}
+
+static void remove_credential(const struct string_list *fns, struct credential *c)
 {
+	struct string_list_item *fn;
+
 	/*
 	 * Sanity check that we actually have something to match
 	 * against. The input we get is a restrictive pattern,
@@ -104,24 +126,31 @@ static void remove_credential(const char *fn, struct credential *c)
 	 * to empty input. So explicitly disallow it, and require that the
 	 * pattern have some actual content to match.
 	 */
-	if (c->protocol || c->host || c->path || c->username)
-		rewrite_credential_file(fn, c, NULL);
+	if (!c->protocol && !c->host && !c->path && !c->username)
+		return;
+	for_each_string_list_item(fn, fns)
+		if (!access(fn->string, F_OK))
+			rewrite_credential_file(fn->string, c, NULL);
 }
 
-static int lookup_credential(const char *fn, struct credential *c)
+static void lookup_credential(const struct string_list *fns, struct credential *c)
 {
-	parse_credential_file(fn, c, print_entry, NULL);
-	return c->username && c->password;
+	struct string_list_item *fn;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(fn, fns)
+		if (parse_credential_file(fn->string, c, print_entry, NULL))
+			return; /* Found credential */
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	const char * const usage[] = {
-		"git credential-store [options] <action>",
+		"git credential-store [<options>] <action>",
 		NULL
 	};
 	const char *op;
 	struct credential c = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+	struct string_list fns = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	char *file = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_STRING(0, "file", &file, "path",
@@ -131,27 +160,35 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	umask(077);
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
 	if (argc != 1)
 		usage_with_options(usage, options);
 	op = argv[0];
 
-	if (!file)
-		file = expand_user_path("~/.git-credentials");
-	if (!file)
+	if (file) {
+		string_list_append(&fns, file);
+	} else {
+		if ((file = expand_user_path("~/.git-credentials")))
+			string_list_append_nodup(&fns, file);
+		file = xdg_config_home("credentials");
+		if (file)
+			string_list_append_nodup(&fns, file);
+	}
+	if (!fns.nr)
 		die("unable to set up default path; use --file");
 
 	if (credential_read(&c, stdin) < 0)
 		die("unable to read credential");
 
 	if (!strcmp(op, "get"))
-		lookup_credential(file, &c);
+		lookup_credential(&fns, &c);
 	else if (!strcmp(op, "erase"))
-		remove_credential(file, &c);
+		remove_credential(&fns, &c);
 	else if (!strcmp(op, "store"))
-		store_credential(file, &c);
+		store_credential(&fns, &c);
 	else
 		; /* Ignore unknown operation. */
 
+	string_list_clear(&fns, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/credential.c b/credential.c
index 62d1c56819..aa996669fc 100644
--- a/credential.c
+++ b/credential.c
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ static int credential_config_callback(const char *var, const char *value,
 	struct credential *c = data;
 	const char *key, *dot;
 
-	key = skip_prefix(var, "credential.");
-	if (!key)
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, "credential.", &key))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (!value)
@@ -64,9 +63,12 @@ static int credential_config_callback(const char *var, const char *value,
 		key = dot + 1;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(key, "helper"))
-		string_list_append(&c->helpers, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(key, "username")) {
+	if (!strcmp(key, "helper")) {
+		if (*value)
+			string_list_append(&c->helpers, value);
+		else
+			string_list_clear(&c->helpers, 0);
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "username")) {
 		if (!c->username)
 			c->username = xstrdup(value);
 	}
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ int credential_read(struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
 {
 	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&line, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, fp) != EOF) {
 		char *key = line.buf;
 		char *value = strchr(key, '=');
 
@@ -172,6 +174,10 @@ int credential_read(struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
 		} else if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
 			free(c->path);
 			c->path = xstrdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "url")) {
+			credential_from_url(c, value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "quit")) {
+			c->quit = !!git_config_bool("quit", value);
 		}
 		/*
 		 * Ignore other lines; we don't know what they mean, but
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@ static void credential_write_item(FILE *fp, const char *key, const char *value)
 	fprintf(fp, "%s=%s\n", key, value);
 }
 
-static void credential_write(const struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
+void credential_write(const struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
 {
 	credential_write_item(fp, "protocol", c->protocol);
 	credential_write_item(fp, "host", c->host);
@@ -204,11 +210,10 @@ static int run_credential_helper(struct credential *c,
 				 const char *cmd,
 				 int want_output)
 {
-	struct child_process helper;
+	struct child_process helper = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
 	FILE *fp;
 
-	memset(&helper, 0, sizeof(helper));
 	argv[0] = cmd;
 	helper.argv = argv;
 	helper.use_shell = 1;
@@ -274,6 +279,9 @@ void credential_fill(struct credential *c)
 		credential_do(c, c->helpers.items[i].string, "get");
 		if (c->username && c->password)
 			return;
+		if (c->quit)
+			die("credential helper '%s' told us to quit",
+			    c->helpers.items[i].string);
 	}
 
 	credential_getpass(c);
diff --git a/credential.h b/credential.h
index 96ea41bd1c..6b0cd16be2 100644
--- a/credential.h
+++ b/credential.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ struct credential {
 	struct string_list helpers;
 	unsigned approved:1,
 		 configured:1,
+		 quit:1,
 		 use_http_path:1;
 
 	char *username;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ void credential_approve(struct credential *);
 void credential_reject(struct credential *);
 
 int credential_read(struct credential *, FILE *);
+void credential_write(const struct credential *, FILE *);
 void credential_from_url(struct credential *, const char *url);
 int credential_match(const struct credential *have,
 		     const struct credential *want);
diff --git a/csum-file.c b/csum-file.c
index 53f5375b6c..a172199e44 100644
--- a/csum-file.c
+++ b/csum-file.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "csum-file.h"
 
-static void flush(struct sha1file *f, void *buf, unsigned int count)
+static void flush(struct sha1file *f, const void *buf, unsigned int count)
 {
 	if (0 <= f->check_fd && count)  {
 		unsigned char check_buffer[8192];
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ int sha1close(struct sha1file *f, unsigned char *result, unsigned int flags)
 	return fd;
 }
 
-int sha1write(struct sha1file *f, void *buf, unsigned int count)
+void sha1write(struct sha1file *f, const void *buf, unsigned int count)
 {
 	while (count) {
 		unsigned offset = f->offset;
 		unsigned left = sizeof(f->buffer) - offset;
 		unsigned nr = count > left ? left : count;
-		void *data;
+		const void *data;
 
 		if (f->do_crc)
 			f->crc32 = crc32(f->crc32, buf, nr);
@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ int sha1write(struct sha1file *f, void *buf, unsigned int count)
 		}
 		f->offset = offset;
 	}
-	return 0;
 }
 
 struct sha1file *sha1fd(int fd, const char *name)
@@ -131,14 +130,10 @@ struct sha1file *sha1fd_check(const char *name)
 
 	sink = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
 	if (sink < 0)
-		return NULL;
+		die_errno("unable to open /dev/null");
 	check = open(name, O_RDONLY);
-	if (check < 0) {
-		int saved_errno = errno;
-		close(sink);
-		errno = saved_errno;
-		return NULL;
-	}
+	if (check < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to open '%s'", name);
 	f = sha1fd(sink, name);
 	f->check_fd = check;
 	return f;
diff --git a/csum-file.h b/csum-file.h
index 3b540bdc21..7530927d77 100644
--- a/csum-file.h
+++ b/csum-file.h
@@ -34,9 +34,20 @@ extern struct sha1file *sha1fd(int fd, const char *name);
 extern struct sha1file *sha1fd_check(const char *name);
 extern struct sha1file *sha1fd_throughput(int fd, const char *name, struct progress *tp);
 extern int sha1close(struct sha1file *, unsigned char *, unsigned int);
-extern int sha1write(struct sha1file *, void *, unsigned int);
+extern void sha1write(struct sha1file *, const void *, unsigned int);
 extern void sha1flush(struct sha1file *f);
 extern void crc32_begin(struct sha1file *);
 extern uint32_t crc32_end(struct sha1file *);
 
+static inline void sha1write_u8(struct sha1file *f, uint8_t data)
+{
+	sha1write(f, &data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
+static inline void sha1write_be32(struct sha1file *f, uint32_t data)
+{
+	data = htonl(data);
+	sha1write(f, &data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/ctype.c b/ctype.c
index b5d856fd26..fc0225cebd 100644
--- a/ctype.c
+++ b/ctype.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * No surprises, and works with signed and unsigned chars.
  */
-#include "cache.h"
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
 
 enum {
 	S = GIT_SPACE,
@@ -11,17 +11,56 @@ enum {
 	D = GIT_DIGIT,
 	G = GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL,	/* *, ?, [, \\ */
 	R = GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL,	/* $, (, ), +, ., ^, {, | */
-	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC  /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC, /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	X = GIT_CNTRL,
+	U = GIT_PUNCT,
+	Z = GIT_CNTRL | GIT_SPACE
 };
 
-unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, S, S, 0, 0, S, 0, 0,		/*   0.. 15 */
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,		/*  16.. 31 */
+const unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, Z, Z, X, X, Z, X, X,		/*   0.. 15 */
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X,		/*  16.. 31 */
 	S, P, P, P, R, P, P, P, R, R, G, R, P, P, R, P,		/*  32.. 47 */
 	D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, P, P, P, P, P, G,		/*  48.. 63 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  64.. 79 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, 0, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, U, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  96..111 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, 0, P, 0,		/* 112..127 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, U, P, X,		/* 112..127 */
 	/* Nothing in the 128.. range */
 };
+
+/* For case-insensitive kwset */
+const unsigned char tolower_trans_tbl[256] = {
+	0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+	0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+	0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+	0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+	 ' ',  '!',  '"',  '#',  '$',  '%',  '&', 0x27,
+	 '(',  ')',  '*',  '+',  ',',  '-',  '.',  '/',
+	 '0',  '1',  '2',  '3',  '4',  '5',  '6',  '7',
+	 '8',  '9',  ':',  ';',  '<',  '=',  '>',  '?',
+	 '@',  'a',  'b',  'c',  'd',  'e',  'f',  'g',
+	 'h',  'i',  'j',  'k',  'l',  'm',  'n',  'o',
+	 'p',  'q',  'r',  's',  't',  'u',  'v',  'w',
+	 'x',  'y',  'z',  '[', 0x5c,  ']',  '^',  '_',
+	 '`',  'a',  'b',  'c',  'd',  'e',  'f',  'g',
+	 'h',  'i',  'j',  'k',  'l',  'm',  'n',  'o',
+	 'p',  'q',  'r',  's',  't',  'u',  'v',  'w',
+	 'x',  'y',  'z',  '{',  '|',  '}',  '~', 0x7f,
+	0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
+	0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
+	0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97,
+	0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
+	0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
+	0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
+	0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7,
+	0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
+	0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7,
+	0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
+	0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+	0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
+	0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
+	0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
+	0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7,
+	0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
+};
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
index 15ce918a21..46dddaca5a 100644
--- a/daemon.c
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@
 #define HOST_NAME_MAX 256
 #endif
 
-#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
-#define NI_MAXSERV 32
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_INITGROUPS
 #define initgroups(x, y) (0) /* nothing */
 #endif
@@ -30,6 +26,7 @@ static const char daemon_usage[] =
 "           [--interpolated-path=<path>]\n"
 "           [--reuseaddr] [--pid-file=<file>]\n"
 "           [--(enable|disable|allow-override|forbid-override)=<service>]\n"
+"           [--access-hook=<path>]\n"
 "           [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]\n"
 "                      [--detach] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]\n"
 "           [<directory>...]";
@@ -42,13 +39,10 @@ static int strict_paths;
 static int export_all_trees;
 
 /* Take all paths relative to this one if non-NULL */
-static char *base_path;
-static char *interpolated_path;
+static const char *base_path;
+static const char *interpolated_path;
 static int base_path_relaxed;
 
-/* Flag indicating client sent extra args. */
-static int saw_extended_args;
-
 /* If defined, ~user notation is allowed and the string is inserted
  * after ~user/.  E.g. a request to git://host/~alice/frotz would
  * go to /home/alice/pub_git/frotz with --user-path=pub_git.
@@ -59,10 +53,28 @@ static const char *user_path;
 static unsigned int timeout;
 static unsigned int init_timeout;
 
-static char *hostname;
-static char *canon_hostname;
-static char *ip_address;
-static char *tcp_port;
+struct hostinfo {
+	struct strbuf hostname;
+	struct strbuf canon_hostname;
+	struct strbuf ip_address;
+	struct strbuf tcp_port;
+	unsigned int hostname_lookup_done:1;
+	unsigned int saw_extended_args:1;
+};
+
+static void lookup_hostname(struct hostinfo *hi);
+
+static const char *get_canon_hostname(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	lookup_hostname(hi);
+	return hi->canon_hostname.buf;
+}
+
+static const char *get_ip_address(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	lookup_hostname(hi);
+	return hi->ip_address.buf;
+}
 
 static void logreport(int priority, const char *err, va_list params)
 {
@@ -109,12 +121,48 @@ static void NORETURN daemon_die(const char *err, va_list params)
 	exit(1);
 }
 
-static const char *path_ok(char *directory)
+struct expand_path_context {
+	const char *directory;
+	struct hostinfo *hostinfo;
+};
+
+static size_t expand_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder, void *ctx)
+{
+	struct expand_path_context *context = ctx;
+	struct hostinfo *hi = context->hostinfo;
+
+	switch (placeholder[0]) {
+	case 'H':
+		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &hi->hostname);
+		return 1;
+	case 'C':
+		if (placeholder[1] == 'H') {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, get_canon_hostname(hi));
+			return 2;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 'I':
+		if (placeholder[1] == 'P') {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, get_ip_address(hi));
+			return 2;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 'P':
+		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &hi->tcp_port);
+		return 1;
+	case 'D':
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, context->directory);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *path_ok(const char *directory, struct hostinfo *hi)
 {
 	static char rpath[PATH_MAX];
 	static char interp_path[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *path;
-	char *dir;
+	const char *dir;
 
 	dir = directory;
 
@@ -134,7 +182,7 @@ static const char *path_ok(char *directory)
 			 * "~alice/%s/foo".
 			 */
 			int namlen, restlen = strlen(dir);
-			char *slash = strchr(dir, '/');
+			const char *slash = strchr(dir, '/');
 			if (!slash)
 				slash = dir + restlen;
 			namlen = slash - dir;
@@ -145,16 +193,13 @@ static const char *path_ok(char *directory)
 			dir = rpath;
 		}
 	}
-	else if (interpolated_path && saw_extended_args) {
+	else if (interpolated_path && hi->saw_extended_args) {
 		struct strbuf expanded_path = STRBUF_INIT;
-		struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry dict[6];
-
-		dict[0].placeholder = "H"; dict[0].value = hostname;
-		dict[1].placeholder = "CH"; dict[1].value = canon_hostname;
-		dict[2].placeholder = "IP"; dict[2].value = ip_address;
-		dict[3].placeholder = "P"; dict[3].value = tcp_port;
-		dict[4].placeholder = "D"; dict[4].value = directory;
-		dict[5].placeholder = NULL; dict[5].value = NULL;
+		struct expand_path_context context;
+
+		context.directory = directory;
+		context.hostinfo = hi;
+
 		if (*dir != '/') {
 			/* Allow only absolute */
 			logerror("'%s': Non-absolute path denied (interpolated-path active)", dir);
@@ -162,7 +207,7 @@ static const char *path_ok(char *directory)
 		}
 
 		strbuf_expand(&expanded_path, interpolated_path,
-				strbuf_expand_dict_cb, &dict);
+			      expand_path, &context);
 		strlcpy(interp_path, expanded_path.buf, PATH_MAX);
 		strbuf_release(&expanded_path);
 		loginfo("Interpolated dir '%s'", interp_path);
@@ -233,21 +278,6 @@ struct daemon_service {
 	int overridable;
 };
 
-static struct daemon_service *service_looking_at;
-static int service_enabled;
-
-static int git_daemon_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "daemon.") &&
-	    !strcmp(var + 7, service_looking_at->config_name)) {
-		service_enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/* we are not interested in parsing any other configuration here */
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int daemon_error(const char *dir, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (!informative_errors)
@@ -256,10 +286,75 @@ static int daemon_error(const char *dir, const char *msg)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
+static const char *access_hook;
+
+static int run_access_hook(struct daemon_service *service, const char *dir,
+			   const char *path, struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *argv[8];
+	const char **arg = argv;
+	char *eol;
+	int seen_errors = 0;
+
+	*arg++ = access_hook;
+	*arg++ = service->name;
+	*arg++ = path;
+	*arg++ = hi->hostname.buf;
+	*arg++ = get_canon_hostname(hi);
+	*arg++ = get_ip_address(hi);
+	*arg++ = hi->tcp_port.buf;
+	*arg = NULL;
+
+	child.use_shell = 1;
+	child.argv = argv;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.no_stderr = 1;
+	child.out = -1;
+	if (start_command(&child)) {
+		logerror("daemon access hook '%s' failed to start",
+			 access_hook);
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, child.out, 0) < 0) {
+		logerror("failed to read from pipe to daemon access hook '%s'",
+			 access_hook);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		seen_errors = 1;
+	}
+	if (close(child.out) < 0) {
+		logerror("failed to close pipe to daemon access hook '%s'",
+			 access_hook);
+		seen_errors = 1;
+	}
+	if (finish_command(&child))
+		seen_errors = 1;
+
+	if (!seen_errors) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+error_return:
+	strbuf_ltrim(&buf);
+	if (!buf.len)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "service rejected");
+	eol = strchr(buf.buf, '\n');
+	if (eol)
+		*eol = '\0';
+	errno = EACCES;
+	daemon_error(dir, buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int run_service(const char *dir, struct daemon_service *service,
+		       struct hostinfo *hi)
 {
 	const char *path;
 	int enabled = service->enabled;
+	struct strbuf var = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	loginfo("Request %s for '%s'", service->name, dir);
 
@@ -269,7 +364,7 @@ static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
 		return daemon_error(dir, "service not enabled");
 	}
 
-	if (!(path = path_ok(dir)))
+	if (!(path = path_ok(dir, hi)))
 		return daemon_error(dir, "no such repository");
 
 	/*
@@ -290,11 +385,9 @@ static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
 	}
 
 	if (service->overridable) {
-		service_looking_at = service;
-		service_enabled = -1;
-		git_config(git_daemon_config, NULL);
-		if (0 <= service_enabled)
-			enabled = service_enabled;
+		strbuf_addf(&var, "daemon.%s", service->config_name);
+		git_config_get_bool(var.buf, &enabled);
+		strbuf_release(&var);
 	}
 	if (!enabled) {
 		logerror("'%s': service not enabled for '%s'",
@@ -304,6 +397,13 @@ static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
 	}
 
 	/*
+	 * Optionally, a hook can choose to deny access to the
+	 * repository depending on the phase of the moon.
+	 */
+	if (access_hook && run_access_hook(service, dir, path, hi))
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
 	 * We'll ignore SIGTERM from now on, we have a
 	 * good client.
 	 */
@@ -324,7 +424,7 @@ static void copy_to_log(int fd)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	while (strbuf_getline(&line, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, fp) != EOF) {
 		logerror("%s", line.buf);
 		strbuf_setlen(&line, 0);
 	}
@@ -335,9 +435,8 @@ static void copy_to_log(int fd)
 
 static int run_service_command(const char **argv)
 {
-	struct child_process cld;
+	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
-	memset(&cld, 0, sizeof(cld));
 	cld.argv = argv;
 	cld.git_cmd = 1;
 	cld.err = -1;
@@ -406,14 +505,6 @@ static void make_service_overridable(const char *name, int ena)
 	die("No such service %s", name);
 }
 
-static char *xstrdup_tolower(const char *str)
-{
-	char *p, *dup = xstrdup(str);
-	for (p = dup; *p; p++)
-		*p = tolower(*p);
-	return dup;
-}
-
 static void parse_host_and_port(char *hostport, char **host,
 	char **port)
 {
@@ -442,16 +533,46 @@ static void parse_host_and_port(char *hostport, char **host,
 }
 
 /*
+ * Sanitize a string from the client so that it's OK to be inserted into a
+ * filesystem path. Specifically, we disallow slashes, runs of "..", and
+ * trailing and leading dots, which means that the client cannot escape
+ * our base path via ".." traversal.
+ */
+static void sanitize_client(struct strbuf *out, const char *in)
+{
+	for (; *in; in++) {
+		if (*in == '/')
+			continue;
+		if (*in == '.' && (!out->len || out->buf[out->len - 1] == '.'))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_addch(out, *in);
+	}
+
+	while (out->len && out->buf[out->len - 1] == '.')
+		strbuf_setlen(out, out->len - 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like sanitize_client, but we also perform any canonicalization
+ * to make life easier on the admin.
+ */
+static void canonicalize_client(struct strbuf *out, const char *in)
+{
+	sanitize_client(out, in);
+	strbuf_tolower(out);
+}
+
+/*
  * Read the host as supplied by the client connection.
  */
-static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
+static void parse_host_arg(struct hostinfo *hi, char *extra_args, int buflen)
 {
 	char *val;
 	int vallen;
 	char *end = extra_args + buflen;
 
 	if (extra_args < end && *extra_args) {
-		saw_extended_args = 1;
+		hi->saw_extended_args = 1;
 		if (strncasecmp("host=", extra_args, 5) == 0) {
 			val = extra_args + 5;
 			vallen = strlen(val) + 1;
@@ -460,12 +581,10 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 				char *host;
 				char *port;
 				parse_host_and_port(val, &host, &port);
-				if (port) {
-					free(tcp_port);
-					tcp_port = xstrdup(port);
-				}
-				free(hostname);
-				hostname = xstrdup_tolower(host);
+				if (port)
+					sanitize_client(&hi->tcp_port, port);
+				canonicalize_client(&hi->hostname, host);
+				hi->hostname_lookup_done = 0;
 			}
 
 			/* On to the next one */
@@ -474,11 +593,14 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 		if (extra_args < end && *extra_args)
 			die("Invalid request");
 	}
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * Locate canonical hostname and its IP address.
-	 */
-	if (hostname) {
+/*
+ * Locate canonical hostname and its IP address.
+ */
+static void lookup_hostname(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	if (!hi->hostname_lookup_done && hi->hostname.len) {
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
 		struct addrinfo hints;
 		struct addrinfo *ai;
@@ -488,18 +610,20 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
 		hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
 
-		gai = getaddrinfo(hostname, NULL, &hints, &ai);
+		gai = getaddrinfo(hi->hostname.buf, NULL, &hints, &ai);
 		if (!gai) {
 			struct sockaddr_in *sin_addr = (void *)ai->ai_addr;
 
 			inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin_addr->sin_addr,
 				  addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
-			free(ip_address);
-			ip_address = xstrdup(addrbuf);
+			strbuf_addstr(&hi->ip_address, addrbuf);
 
-			free(canon_hostname);
-			canon_hostname = xstrdup(ai->ai_canonname ?
-						 ai->ai_canonname : ip_address);
+			if (ai->ai_canonname)
+				sanitize_client(&hi->canon_hostname,
+						ai->ai_canonname);
+			else
+				strbuf_addbuf(&hi->canon_hostname,
+					      &hi->ip_address);
 
 			freeaddrinfo(ai);
 		}
@@ -509,37 +633,66 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 		char **ap;
 		static char addrbuf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
 
-		hent = gethostbyname(hostname);
-
-		ap = hent->h_addr_list;
-		memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
-		sa.sin_family = hent->h_addrtype;
-		sa.sin_port = htons(0);
-		memcpy(&sa.sin_addr, *ap, hent->h_length);
+		hent = gethostbyname(hi->hostname.buf);
+		if (hent) {
+			ap = hent->h_addr_list;
+			memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
+			sa.sin_family = hent->h_addrtype;
+			sa.sin_port = htons(0);
+			memcpy(&sa.sin_addr, *ap, hent->h_length);
 
-		inet_ntop(hent->h_addrtype, &sa.sin_addr,
-			  addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
+			inet_ntop(hent->h_addrtype, &sa.sin_addr,
+				  addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
 
-		free(canon_hostname);
-		canon_hostname = xstrdup(hent->h_name);
-		free(ip_address);
-		ip_address = xstrdup(addrbuf);
+			sanitize_client(&hi->canon_hostname, hent->h_name);
+			strbuf_addstr(&hi->ip_address, addrbuf);
+		}
 #endif
+		hi->hostname_lookup_done = 1;
 	}
 }
 
+static void hostinfo_init(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	memset(hi, 0, sizeof(*hi));
+	strbuf_init(&hi->hostname, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&hi->canon_hostname, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&hi->ip_address, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&hi->tcp_port, 0);
+}
+
+static void hostinfo_clear(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	strbuf_release(&hi->hostname);
+	strbuf_release(&hi->canon_hostname);
+	strbuf_release(&hi->ip_address);
+	strbuf_release(&hi->tcp_port);
+}
+
+static void set_keep_alive(int sockfd)
+{
+	int ka = 1;
+
+	if (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, &ka, sizeof(ka)) < 0)
+		logerror("unable to set SO_KEEPALIVE on socket: %s",
+			strerror(errno));
+}
 
 static int execute(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
+	char *line = packet_buffer;
 	int pktlen, len, i;
 	char *addr = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"), *port = getenv("REMOTE_PORT");
+	struct hostinfo hi;
+
+	hostinfo_init(&hi);
 
 	if (addr)
 		loginfo("Connection from %s:%s", addr, port);
 
+	set_keep_alive(0);
 	alarm(init_timeout ? init_timeout : timeout);
-	pktlen = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+	pktlen = packet_read(0, NULL, NULL, packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer), 0);
 	alarm(0);
 
 	len = strlen(line);
@@ -552,29 +705,27 @@ static int execute(void)
 		pktlen--;
 	}
 
-	free(hostname);
-	free(canon_hostname);
-	free(ip_address);
-	free(tcp_port);
-	hostname = canon_hostname = ip_address = tcp_port = NULL;
-
 	if (len != pktlen)
-		parse_host_arg(line + len + 1, pktlen - len - 1);
+		parse_host_arg(&hi, line + len + 1, pktlen - len - 1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(daemon_service); i++) {
 		struct daemon_service *s = &(daemon_service[i]);
-		int namelen = strlen(s->name);
-		if (!prefixcmp(line, "git-") &&
-		    !strncmp(s->name, line + 4, namelen) &&
-		    line[namelen + 4] == ' ') {
+		const char *arg;
+
+		if (skip_prefix(line, "git-", &arg) &&
+		    skip_prefix(arg, s->name, &arg) &&
+		    *arg++ == ' ') {
 			/*
 			 * Note: The directory here is probably context sensitive,
 			 * and might depend on the actual service being performed.
 			 */
-			return run_service(line + namelen + 5, s);
+			int rc = run_service(arg, s, &hi);
+			hostinfo_clear(&hi);
+			return rc;
 		}
 	}
 
+	hostinfo_clear(&hi);
 	logerror("Protocol error: '%s'", line);
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -661,17 +812,16 @@ static void check_dead_children(void)
 			/* remove the child */
 			*cradle = blanket->next;
 			live_children--;
+			child_process_clear(&blanket->cld);
 			free(blanket);
 		} else
 			cradle = &blanket->next;
 }
 
-static char **cld_argv;
+static struct argv_array cld_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 {
-	struct child_process cld = { NULL };
-	char addrbuf[300] = "REMOTE_ADDR=", portbuf[300];
-	char *env[] = { addrbuf, portbuf, NULL };
+	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 	if (max_connections && live_children >= max_connections) {
 		kill_some_child();
@@ -685,28 +835,24 @@ static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 	}
 
 	if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+		char buf[128] = "";
 		struct sockaddr_in *sin_addr = (void *) addr;
-		inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, &sin_addr->sin_addr, addrbuf + 12,
-		    sizeof(addrbuf) - 12);
-		snprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
-		    ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port));
+		inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, &sin_addr->sin_addr, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_ADDR=%s", buf);
+		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
+				 ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port));
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
-	} else if (addr && addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+	} else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+		char buf[128] = "";
 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6_addr = (void *) addr;
-
-		char *buf = addrbuf + 12;
-		*buf++ = '['; *buf = '\0'; /* stpcpy() is cool */
-		inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6_addr->sin6_addr, buf,
-		    sizeof(addrbuf) - 13);
-		strcat(buf, "]");
-
-		snprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
-		    ntohs(sin6_addr->sin6_port));
+		inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6_addr->sin6_addr, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_ADDR=[%s]", buf);
+		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
+				 ntohs(sin6_addr->sin6_port));
 #endif
 	}
 
-	cld.env = (const char **)env;
-	cld.argv = (const char **)cld_argv;
+	cld.argv = cld_argv.argv;
 	cld.in = incoming;
 	cld.out = dup(incoming);
 
@@ -714,7 +860,6 @@ static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 		logerror("unable to fork");
 	else
 		add_child(&cld, addr, addrlen);
-	close(incoming);
 }
 
 static void child_handler(int signo)
@@ -761,7 +906,7 @@ static const char *ip2str(int family, struct sockaddr *sin, socklen_t len)
 		inet_ntop(family, &((struct sockaddr_in*)sin)->sin_addr, ip, len);
 		break;
 	default:
-		strcpy(ip, "<unknown>");
+		xsnprintf(ip, sizeof(ip), "<unknown>");
 	}
 	return ip;
 }
@@ -771,13 +916,12 @@ static const char *ip2str(int family, struct sockaddr *sin, socklen_t len)
 static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlist *socklist)
 {
 	int socknum = 0;
-	int maxfd = -1;
 	char pbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
 	struct addrinfo hints, *ai0, *ai;
 	int gai;
 	long flags;
 
-	sprintf(pbuf, "%d", listen_port);
+	xsnprintf(pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), "%d", listen_port);
 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
 	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
@@ -817,6 +961,8 @@ static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlis
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		set_keep_alive(sockfd);
+
 		if (bind(sockfd, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
 			logerror("Could not bind to %s: %s",
 				 ip2str(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen),
@@ -839,9 +985,6 @@ static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlis
 		ALLOC_GROW(socklist->list, socklist->nr + 1, socklist->alloc);
 		socklist->list[socklist->nr++] = sockfd;
 		socknum++;
-
-		if (maxfd < sockfd)
-			maxfd = sockfd;
 	}
 
 	freeaddrinfo(ai0);
@@ -879,8 +1022,10 @@ static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlis
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	set_keep_alive(sockfd);
+
 	if ( bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) < 0 ) {
-		logerror("Could not listen to %s: %s",
+		logerror("Could not bind to %s: %s",
 			 ip2str(AF_INET, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)),
 			 strerror(errno));
 		close(sockfd);
@@ -978,18 +1123,6 @@ static int service_loop(struct socketlist *socklist)
 	}
 }
 
-/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
-static void sanitize_stdfds(void)
-{
-	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
-	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
-		fd = dup(fd);
-	if (fd == -1)
-		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
-	if (fd > 2)
-		close(fd);
-}
-
 #ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
 
 struct credentials;
@@ -999,11 +1132,6 @@ static void drop_privileges(struct credentials *cred)
 	/* nothing */
 }
 
-static void daemonize(void)
-{
-	die("--detach not supported on this platform");
-}
-
 static struct credentials *prepare_credentials(const char *user_name,
     const char *group_name)
 {
@@ -1045,35 +1173,8 @@ static struct credentials *prepare_credentials(const char *user_name,
 
 	return &c;
 }
-
-static void daemonize(void)
-{
-	switch (fork()) {
-		case 0:
-			break;
-		case -1:
-			die_errno("fork failed");
-		default:
-			exit(0);
-	}
-	if (setsid() == -1)
-		die_errno("setsid failed");
-	close(0);
-	close(1);
-	close(2);
-	sanitize_stdfds();
-}
 #endif
 
-static void store_pid(const char *path)
-{
-	FILE *f = fopen(path, "w");
-	if (!f)
-		die_errno("cannot open pid file '%s'", path);
-	if (fprintf(f, "%"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t) getpid()) < 0 || fclose(f) != 0)
-		die_errno("failed to write pid file '%s'", path);
-}
-
 static int serve(struct string_list *listen_addr, int listen_port,
     struct credentials *cred)
 {
@@ -1086,6 +1187,8 @@ static int serve(struct string_list *listen_addr, int listen_port,
 
 	drop_privileges(cred);
 
+	loginfo("Ready to rumble");
+
 	return service_loop(&socklist);
 }
 
@@ -1105,16 +1208,17 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		char *arg = argv[i];
+		const char *v;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--listen=")) {
-			string_list_append(&listen_addr, xstrdup_tolower(arg + 9));
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--listen=", &v)) {
+			string_list_append(&listen_addr, xstrdup_tolower(v));
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--port=")) {
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--port=", &v)) {
 			char *end;
 			unsigned long n;
-			n = strtoul(arg+7, &end, 0);
-			if (arg[7] && !*end) {
+			n = strtoul(v, &end, 0);
+			if (*v && !*end) {
 				listen_port = n;
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -1140,16 +1244,20 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			export_all_trees = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--timeout=")) {
-			timeout = atoi(arg+10);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--access-hook=", &v)) {
+			access_hook = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--timeout=", &v)) {
+			timeout = atoi(v);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--init-timeout=")) {
-			init_timeout = atoi(arg+15);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--init-timeout=", &v)) {
+			init_timeout = atoi(v);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-connections=")) {
-			max_connections = atoi(arg+18);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--max-connections=", &v)) {
+			max_connections = atoi(v);
 			if (max_connections < 0)
 				max_connections = 0;	        /* unlimited */
 			continue;
@@ -1158,16 +1266,16 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			strict_paths = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--base-path=")) {
-			base_path = arg+12;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--base-path=", &v)) {
+			base_path = v;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--base-path-relaxed")) {
 			base_path_relaxed = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--interpolated-path=")) {
-			interpolated_path = arg+20;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--interpolated-path=", &v)) {
+			interpolated_path = v;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--reuseaddr")) {
@@ -1178,12 +1286,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			user_path = "";
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--user-path=")) {
-			user_path = arg + 12;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--user-path=", &v)) {
+			user_path = v;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pid-file=")) {
-			pid_file = arg + 11;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--pid-file=", &v)) {
+			pid_file = v;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--detach")) {
@@ -1191,35 +1299,35 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			log_syslog = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--user=")) {
-			user_name = arg + 7;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--user=", &v)) {
+			user_name = v;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--group=")) {
-			group_name = arg + 8;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--group=", &v)) {
+			group_name = v;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--enable=")) {
-			enable_service(arg + 9, 1);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--enable=", &v)) {
+			enable_service(v, 1);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--disable=")) {
-			enable_service(arg + 10, 0);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--disable=", &v)) {
+			enable_service(v, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--allow-override=")) {
-			make_service_overridable(arg + 17, 1);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--allow-override=", &v)) {
+			make_service_overridable(v, 1);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--forbid-override=")) {
-			make_service_overridable(arg + 18, 0);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--forbid-override=", &v)) {
+			make_service_overridable(v, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--informative-errors")) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--informative-errors")) {
 			informative_errors = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-informative-errors")) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-informative-errors")) {
 			informative_errors = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -1271,22 +1379,19 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		return execute();
 
 	if (detach) {
-		daemonize();
-		loginfo("Ready to rumble");
-	}
-	else
+		if (daemonize())
+			die("--detach not supported on this platform");
+	} else
 		sanitize_stdfds();
 
 	if (pid_file)
-		store_pid(pid_file);
+		write_file(pid_file, "%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t) getpid());
 
 	/* prepare argv for serving-processes */
-	cld_argv = xmalloc(sizeof (char *) * (argc + 2));
-	cld_argv[0] = argv[0];	/* git-daemon */
-	cld_argv[1] = "--serve";
+	argv_array_push(&cld_argv, argv[0]); /* git-daemon */
+	argv_array_push(&cld_argv, "--serve");
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
-		cld_argv[i+1] = argv[i];
-	cld_argv[argc+1] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&cld_argv, argv[i]);
 
 	return serve(&listen_addr, listen_port, cred);
 }
diff --git a/date.c b/date.c
index 353e0a5e53..4c7aa9ba85 100644
--- a/date.c
+++ b/date.c
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ static int local_tzoffset(unsigned long time)
 	localtime_r(&t, &tm);
 	t_local = tm_to_time_t(&tm);
 
+	if (t_local == -1)
+		return 0; /* error; just use +0000 */
 	if (t_local < t) {
 		eastwest = -1;
 		offset = t - t_local;
@@ -86,116 +88,156 @@ static int local_tzoffset(unsigned long time)
 	return offset * eastwest;
 }
 
-const char *show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz,
+void show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz,
 			       const struct timeval *now,
-			       char *timebuf,
-			       size_t timebuf_size)
+			       struct strbuf *timebuf)
 {
 	unsigned long diff;
-	if (now->tv_sec < time)
-		return "in the future";
+	if (now->tv_sec < time) {
+		strbuf_addstr(timebuf, _("in the future"));
+		return;
+	}
 	diff = now->tv_sec - time;
 	if (diff < 90) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu seconds ago", diff);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu second ago", "%lu seconds ago", diff), diff);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Turn it into minutes */
 	diff = (diff + 30) / 60;
 	if (diff < 90) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu minutes ago", diff);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu minute ago", "%lu minutes ago", diff), diff);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Turn it into hours */
 	diff = (diff + 30) / 60;
 	if (diff < 36) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu hours ago", diff);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu hour ago", "%lu hours ago", diff), diff);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* We deal with number of days from here on */
 	diff = (diff + 12) / 24;
 	if (diff < 14) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu days ago", diff);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu day ago", "%lu days ago", diff), diff);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Say weeks for the past 10 weeks or so */
 	if (diff < 70) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu weeks ago", (diff + 3) / 7);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu week ago", "%lu weeks ago", (diff + 3) / 7),
+			 (diff + 3) / 7);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Say months for the past 12 months or so */
 	if (diff < 365) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu months ago", (diff + 15) / 30);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu month ago", "%lu months ago", (diff + 15) / 30),
+			 (diff + 15) / 30);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Give years and months for 5 years or so */
 	if (diff < 1825) {
 		unsigned long totalmonths = (diff * 12 * 2 + 365) / (365 * 2);
 		unsigned long years = totalmonths / 12;
 		unsigned long months = totalmonths % 12;
-		int n;
-		n = snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu year%s",
-				years, (years > 1 ? "s" : ""));
-		if (months)
-			snprintf(timebuf + n, timebuf_size - n,
-					", %lu month%s ago",
-					months, (months > 1 ? "s" : ""));
-		else
-			snprintf(timebuf + n, timebuf_size - n, " ago");
-		return timebuf;
+		if (months) {
+			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, Q_("%lu year", "%lu years", years), years);
+			strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+				 /* TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years" */
+				 Q_("%s, %lu month ago", "%s, %lu months ago", months),
+				 sb.buf, months);
+			strbuf_release(&sb);
+		} else
+			strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+				 Q_("%lu year ago", "%lu years ago", years), years);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Otherwise, just years. Centuries is probably overkill. */
-	snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu years ago", (diff + 183) / 365);
-	return timebuf;
+	strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+		 Q_("%lu year ago", "%lu years ago", (diff + 183) / 365),
+		 (diff + 183) / 365);
+}
+
+struct date_mode *date_mode_from_type(enum date_mode_type type)
+{
+	static struct date_mode mode;
+	if (type == DATE_STRFTIME)
+		die("BUG: cannot create anonymous strftime date_mode struct");
+	mode.type = type;
+	mode.local = 0;
+	return &mode;
 }
 
-const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int tz, enum date_mode mode)
+const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int tz, const struct date_mode *mode)
 {
 	struct tm *tm;
-	static char timebuf[200];
+	static struct strbuf timebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (mode->local)
+		tz = local_tzoffset(time);
 
-	if (mode == DATE_RAW) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf), "%lu %+05d", time, tz);
-		return timebuf;
+	if (mode->type == DATE_RAW) {
+		strbuf_reset(&timebuf);
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%lu %+05d", time, tz);
+		return timebuf.buf;
 	}
 
-	if (mode == DATE_RELATIVE) {
+	if (mode->type == DATE_RELATIVE) {
 		struct timeval now;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&timebuf);
 		gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
-		return show_date_relative(time, tz, &now,
-					  timebuf, sizeof(timebuf));
+		show_date_relative(time, tz, &now, &timebuf);
+		return timebuf.buf;
 	}
 
-	if (mode == DATE_LOCAL)
-		tz = local_tzoffset(time);
-
 	tm = time_to_tm(time, tz);
-	if (!tm)
-		return NULL;
-	if (mode == DATE_SHORT)
-		sprintf(timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year + 1900,
+	if (!tm) {
+		tm = time_to_tm(0, 0);
+		tz = 0;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&timebuf);
+	if (mode->type == DATE_SHORT)
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year + 1900,
 				tm->tm_mon + 1, tm->tm_mday);
-	else if (mode == DATE_ISO8601)
-		sprintf(timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
+	else if (mode->type == DATE_ISO8601)
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
 				tm->tm_year + 1900,
 				tm->tm_mon + 1,
 				tm->tm_mday,
 				tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
 				tz);
-	else if (mode == DATE_RFC2822)
-		sprintf(timebuf, "%.3s, %d %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
+	else if (mode->type == DATE_ISO8601_STRICT) {
+		char sign = (tz >= 0) ? '+' : '-';
+		tz = abs(tz);
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d%c%02d:%02d",
+				tm->tm_year + 1900,
+				tm->tm_mon + 1,
+				tm->tm_mday,
+				tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
+				sign, tz / 100, tz % 100);
+	} else if (mode->type == DATE_RFC2822)
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%.3s, %d %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
 			weekday_names[tm->tm_wday], tm->tm_mday,
 			month_names[tm->tm_mon], tm->tm_year + 1900,
 			tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec, tz);
+	else if (mode->type == DATE_STRFTIME)
+		strbuf_addftime(&timebuf, mode->strftime_fmt, tm);
 	else
-		sprintf(timebuf, "%.3s %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %d%c%+05d",
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%.3s %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %d%c%+05d",
 				weekday_names[tm->tm_wday],
 				month_names[tm->tm_mon],
 				tm->tm_mday,
 				tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
 				tm->tm_year + 1900,
-				(mode == DATE_LOCAL) ? 0 : ' ',
+				mode->local ? 0 : ' ',
 				tz);
-	return timebuf;
+	return timebuf.buf;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -366,7 +408,7 @@ static int is_date(int year, int month, int day, struct tm *now_tm, time_t now,
 		 * sense to specify timestamp way into the future.  Make
 		 * sure it is not later than ten days from now...
 		 */
-		if (now + 10*24*3600 < specified)
+		if ((specified != -1) && (now + 10*24*3600 < specified))
 			return 0;
 		tm->tm_mon = r->tm_mon;
 		tm->tm_mday = r->tm_mday;
@@ -377,9 +419,9 @@ static int is_date(int year, int month, int day, struct tm *now_tm, time_t now,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int match_multi_number(unsigned long num, char c, const char *date, char *end, struct tm *tm)
+static int match_multi_number(unsigned long num, char c, const char *date,
+			      char *end, struct tm *tm, time_t now)
 {
-	time_t now;
 	struct tm now_tm;
 	struct tm *refuse_future;
 	long num2, num3;
@@ -405,17 +447,18 @@ static int match_multi_number(unsigned long num, char c, const char *date, char
 	case '-':
 	case '/':
 	case '.':
-		now = time(NULL);
+		if (!now)
+			now = time(NULL);
 		refuse_future = NULL;
 		if (gmtime_r(&now, &now_tm))
 			refuse_future = &now_tm;
 
 		if (num > 70) {
 			/* yyyy-mm-dd? */
-			if (is_date(num, num2, num3, refuse_future, now, tm))
+			if (is_date(num, num2, num3, NULL, now, tm))
 				break;
 			/* yyyy-dd-mm? */
-			if (is_date(num, num3, num2, refuse_future, now, tm))
+			if (is_date(num, num3, num2, NULL, now, tm))
 				break;
 		}
 		/* Our eastern European friends say dd.mm.yy[yy]
@@ -485,7 +528,7 @@ static int match_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *offset, int *tm_gmt
 	case '/':
 	case '-':
 		if (isdigit(end[1])) {
-			int match = match_multi_number(num, *end, date, end, tm);
+			int match = match_multi_number(num, *end, date, end, tm, 0);
 			if (match)
 				return match;
 		}
@@ -586,7 +629,7 @@ static int match_tz(const char *date, int *offp)
 	return end - date;
 }
 
-static int date_string(unsigned long date, int offset, char *buf, int len)
+static void date_string(unsigned long date, int offset, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	int sign = '+';
 
@@ -594,7 +637,34 @@ static int date_string(unsigned long date, int offset, char *buf, int len)
 		offset = -offset;
 		sign = '-';
 	}
-	return snprintf(buf, len, "%lu %c%02d%02d", date, sign, offset / 60, offset % 60);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%lu %c%02d%02d", date, sign, offset / 60, offset % 60);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse a string like "0 +0000" as ancient timestamp near epoch, but
+ * only when it appears not as part of any other string.
+ */
+static int match_object_header_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset)
+{
+	char *end;
+	unsigned long stamp;
+	int ofs;
+
+	if (*date < '0' || '9' < *date)
+		return -1;
+	stamp = strtoul(date, &end, 10);
+	if (*end != ' ' || stamp == ULONG_MAX || (end[1] != '+' && end[1] != '-'))
+		return -1;
+	date = end + 2;
+	ofs = strtol(date, &end, 10);
+	if ((*end != '\0' && (*end != '\n')) || end != date + 4)
+		return -1;
+	ofs = (ofs / 100) * 60 + (ofs % 100);
+	if (date[-1] == '-')
+		ofs = -ofs;
+	*timestamp = stamp;
+	*offset = ofs;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /* Gr. strptime is crap for this; it doesn't have a way to require RFC2822
@@ -622,6 +692,9 @@ int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset)
 	*offset = -1;
 	tm_gmt = 0;
 
+	if (*date == '@' &&
+	    !match_object_header_date(date + 1, timestamp, offset))
+		return 0; /* success */
 	for (;;) {
 		int match = 0;
 		unsigned char c = *date;
@@ -645,51 +718,109 @@ int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset)
 		date += match;
 	}
 
-	/* mktime uses local timezone */
+	/* do not use mktime(), which uses local timezone, here */
 	*timestamp = tm_to_time_t(&tm);
-	if (*offset == -1)
-		*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - mktime(&tm)) / 60;
-
 	if (*timestamp == -1)
 		return -1;
 
+	if (*offset == -1) {
+		time_t temp_time;
+
+		/* gmtime_r() in match_digit() may have clobbered it */
+		tm.tm_isdst = -1;
+		temp_time = mktime(&tm);
+		if ((time_t)*timestamp > temp_time) {
+			*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - temp_time) / 60;
+		} else {
+			*offset = -(int)((temp_time - (time_t)*timestamp) / 60);
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (!tm_gmt)
 		*timestamp -= *offset * 60;
 	return 0; /* success */
 }
 
-int parse_date(const char *date, char *result, int maxlen)
+int parse_expiry_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp)
+{
+	int errors = 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(date, "never") || !strcmp(date, "false"))
+		*timestamp = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(date, "all") || !strcmp(date, "now"))
+		/*
+		 * We take over "now" here, which usually translates
+		 * to the current timestamp.  This is because the user
+		 * really means to expire everything she has done in
+		 * the past, and by definition reflogs are the record
+		 * of the past, and there is nothing from the future
+		 * to be kept.
+		 */
+		*timestamp = ULONG_MAX;
+	else
+		*timestamp = approxidate_careful(date, &errors);
+
+	return errors;
+}
+
+int parse_date(const char *date, struct strbuf *result)
 {
 	unsigned long timestamp;
 	int offset;
 	if (parse_date_basic(date, &timestamp, &offset))
 		return -1;
-	return date_string(timestamp, offset, result, maxlen);
+	date_string(timestamp, offset, result);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-enum date_mode parse_date_format(const char *format)
+static enum date_mode_type parse_date_type(const char *format, const char **end)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(format, "relative"))
+	if (skip_prefix(format, "relative", end))
 		return DATE_RELATIVE;
-	else if (!strcmp(format, "iso8601") ||
-		 !strcmp(format, "iso"))
+	if (skip_prefix(format, "iso8601-strict", end) ||
+	    skip_prefix(format, "iso-strict", end))
+		return DATE_ISO8601_STRICT;
+	if (skip_prefix(format, "iso8601", end) ||
+	    skip_prefix(format, "iso", end))
 		return DATE_ISO8601;
-	else if (!strcmp(format, "rfc2822") ||
-		 !strcmp(format, "rfc"))
+	if (skip_prefix(format, "rfc2822", end) ||
+	    skip_prefix(format, "rfc", end))
 		return DATE_RFC2822;
-	else if (!strcmp(format, "short"))
+	if (skip_prefix(format, "short", end))
 		return DATE_SHORT;
-	else if (!strcmp(format, "local"))
-		return DATE_LOCAL;
-	else if (!strcmp(format, "default"))
+	if (skip_prefix(format, "default", end))
 		return DATE_NORMAL;
-	else if (!strcmp(format, "raw"))
+	if (skip_prefix(format, "raw", end))
 		return DATE_RAW;
-	else
+	if (skip_prefix(format, "format", end))
+		return DATE_STRFTIME;
+
+	die("unknown date format %s", format);
+}
+
+void parse_date_format(const char *format, struct date_mode *mode)
+{
+	const char *p;
+
+	/* historical alias */
+	if (!strcmp(format, "local"))
+		format = "default-local";
+
+	mode->type = parse_date_type(format, &p);
+	mode->local = 0;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(p, "-local", &p))
+		mode->local = 1;
+
+	if (mode->type == DATE_STRFTIME) {
+		if (!skip_prefix(p, ":", &p))
+			die("date format missing colon separator: %s", format);
+		mode->strftime_fmt = xstrdup(p);
+	} else if (*p)
 		die("unknown date format %s", format);
 }
 
-void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize)
+void datestamp(struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	time_t now;
 	int offset;
@@ -699,7 +830,7 @@ void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize)
 	offset = tm_to_time_t(localtime(&now)) - now;
 	offset /= 60;
 
-	date_string(now, offset, buf, bufsize);
+	date_string(now, offset, out);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -832,7 +963,7 @@ static const char *approxidate_alpha(const char *date, struct tm *tm, struct tm
 	const char *end = date;
 	int i;
 
-	while (isalpha(*++end));
+	while (isalpha(*++end))
 		;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
@@ -923,7 +1054,8 @@ static const char *approxidate_alpha(const char *date, struct tm *tm, struct tm
 	return end;
 }
 
-static const char *approxidate_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *num)
+static const char *approxidate_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *num,
+				     time_t now)
 {
 	char *end;
 	unsigned long number = strtoul(date, &end, 10);
@@ -934,7 +1066,8 @@ static const char *approxidate_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *num)
 	case '/':
 	case '-':
 		if (isdigit(end[1])) {
-			int match = match_multi_number(number, *end, date, end, tm);
+			int match = match_multi_number(number, *end, date, end,
+						       tm, now);
 			if (match)
 				return date + match;
 		}
@@ -997,7 +1130,7 @@ static unsigned long approxidate_str(const char *date,
 		date++;
 		if (isdigit(c)) {
 			pending_number(&tm, &number);
-			date = approxidate_digit(date-1, &tm, &number);
+			date = approxidate_digit(date-1, &tm, &number, time_sec);
 			touched = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -1038,3 +1171,20 @@ unsigned long approxidate_careful(const char *date, int *error_ret)
 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
 	return approxidate_str(date, &tv, error_ret);
 }
+
+int date_overflows(unsigned long t)
+{
+	time_t sys;
+
+	/* If we overflowed our unsigned long, that's bad... */
+	if (t == ULONG_MAX)
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * ...but we also are going to feed the result to system
+	 * functions that expect time_t, which is often "signed long".
+	 * Make sure that we fit into time_t, as well.
+	 */
+	sys = t;
+	return t != sys || (t < 1) != (sys < 1);
+}
diff --git a/decorate.c b/decorate.c
index 2f8a63e388..270eb25197 100644
--- a/decorate.c
+++ b/decorate.c
@@ -8,10 +8,7 @@
 
 static unsigned int hash_obj(const struct object *obj, unsigned int n)
 {
-	unsigned int hash;
-
-	memcpy(&hash, obj->sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return hash % n;
+	return sha1hash(obj->oid.hash) % n;
 }
 
 static void *insert_decoration(struct decoration *n, const struct object *base, void *decoration)
@@ -49,7 +46,7 @@ static void grow_decoration(struct decoration *n)
 		const struct object *base = old_hash[i].base;
 		void *decoration = old_hash[i].decoration;
 
-		if (!base)
+		if (!decoration)
 			continue;
 		insert_decoration(n, base, decoration);
 	}
diff --git a/delta.h b/delta.h
index b9d333dd5a..9b67531dfa 100644
--- a/delta.h
+++ b/delta.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ struct delta_index;
  *
  * This returns a pointer to a struct delta_index that should be passed to
  * subsequent create_delta() calls, or to free_delta_index().  A NULL pointer
- * is returned on failure.  The given buffer must not be freed nor altered
+ * is returned on failure.  The given buffer must not be freed or altered
  * before free_delta_index() is called.  The returned pointer must be freed
  * using free_delta_index().
  */
diff --git a/diff-delta.c b/diff-delta.c
index 93385e12ba..3797ce6041 100644
--- a/diff-delta.c
+++ b/diff-delta.c
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ struct delta_index * create_delta_index(const void *buf, unsigned long bufsize)
 		entries = 0xfffffffeU / RABIN_WINDOW;
 	}
 	hsize = entries / 4;
-	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
+	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize; i++);
 	hsize = 1 << i;
 	hmask = hsize - 1;
 
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
index 62f4cd94cf..bc49c708c1 100644
--- a/diff-lib.c
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 /*
  * diff-files
@@ -64,8 +65,9 @@ static int check_removed(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
  * commits, untracked content and/or modified content).
  */
 static int match_stat_with_submodule(struct diff_options *diffopt,
-				      struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
-				      unsigned ce_option, unsigned *dirty_submodule)
+				     const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				     struct stat *st, unsigned ce_option,
+				     unsigned *dirty_submodule)
 {
 	int changed = ce_match_stat(ce, st, ce_option);
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
@@ -86,7 +88,6 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 {
 	int entries, i;
 	int diff_unmerged_stage = revs->max_count;
-	int silent_on_removed = option & DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
 	unsigned ce_option = ((option & DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED)
 			      ? CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY : 0);
 
@@ -96,16 +97,16 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 		diff_unmerged_stage = 2;
 	entries = active_nr;
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct stat st;
 		unsigned int oldmode, newmode;
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		int changed;
 		unsigned dirty_submodule = 0;
+		const unsigned char *old_sha1, *new_sha1;
 
 		if (diff_can_quit_early(&revs->diffopt))
 			break;
 
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data, NULL))
 			continue;
 
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 			unsigned int wt_mode = 0;
 			int num_compare_stages = 0;
 			size_t path_len;
+			struct stat st;
 
 			path_len = ce_namelen(ce);
 
@@ -121,10 +123,9 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 			dpath->path = (char *) &(dpath->parent[5]);
 
 			dpath->next = NULL;
-			dpath->len = path_len;
 			memcpy(dpath->path, ce->name, path_len);
 			dpath->path[path_len] = '\0';
-			hashclr(dpath->sha1);
+			oidclr(&dpath->oid);
 			memset(&(dpath->parent[0]), 0,
 			       sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent)*5);
 
@@ -136,8 +137,6 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 					perror(ce->name);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (silent_on_removed)
-					continue;
 				wt_mode = 0;
 			}
 			dpath->mode = wt_mode;
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 				if (2 <= stage) {
 					int mode = nce->ce_mode;
 					num_compare_stages++;
-					hashcpy(dpath->parent[stage-2].sha1, nce->sha1);
+					hashcpy(dpath->parent[stage-2].oid.hash, nce->sha1);
 					dpath->parent[stage-2].mode = ce_mode_from_stat(nce, mode);
 					dpath->parent[stage-2].status =
 						DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
@@ -197,29 +196,41 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 			continue;
 
 		/* If CE_VALID is set, don't look at workdir for file removal */
-		changed = (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) ? 0 : check_removed(ce, &st);
-		if (changed) {
-			if (changed < 0) {
-				perror(ce->name);
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) {
+			changed = 0;
+			newmode = ce->ce_mode;
+		} else {
+			struct stat st;
+
+			changed = check_removed(ce, &st);
+			if (changed) {
+				if (changed < 0) {
+					perror(ce->name);
+					continue;
+				}
+				diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '-', ce->ce_mode,
+					       ce->sha1, !is_null_sha1(ce->sha1),
+					       ce->name, 0);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (silent_on_removed)
-				continue;
-			diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '-', ce->ce_mode,
-				       ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
-			continue;
+
+			changed = match_stat_with_submodule(&revs->diffopt, ce, &st,
+							    ce_option, &dirty_submodule);
+			newmode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
 		}
-		changed = match_stat_with_submodule(&revs->diffopt, ce, &st,
-						    ce_option, &dirty_submodule);
+
 		if (!changed && !dirty_submodule) {
 			ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 			if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
 				continue;
 		}
 		oldmode = ce->ce_mode;
-		newmode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
+		old_sha1 = ce->sha1;
+		new_sha1 = changed ? null_sha1 : ce->sha1;
 		diff_change(&revs->diffopt, oldmode, newmode,
-			    ce->sha1, (changed ? null_sha1 : ce->sha1),
+			    old_sha1, new_sha1,
+			    !is_null_sha1(old_sha1),
+			    !is_null_sha1(new_sha1),
 			    ce->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
 
 	}
@@ -235,15 +246,16 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 /* A file entry went away or appeared */
 static void diff_index_show_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 				 const char *prefix,
-				 struct cache_entry *ce,
-				 const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
+				 const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid,
+				 unsigned int mode,
 				 unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, prefix[0], mode,
-		       sha1, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
+		       sha1, sha1_valid, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
 }
 
-static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int get_stat_data(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			 const unsigned char **sha1p,
 			 unsigned int *modep,
 			 int cached, int match_missing,
@@ -280,7 +292,7 @@ static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
 }
 
 static void show_new_file(struct rev_info *revs,
-			  struct cache_entry *new,
+			  const struct cache_entry *new,
 			  int cached, int match_missing)
 {
 	const unsigned char *sha1;
@@ -295,12 +307,12 @@ static void show_new_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 	    &dirty_submodule, &revs->diffopt) < 0)
 		return;
 
-	diff_index_show_file(revs, "+", new, sha1, mode, dirty_submodule);
+	diff_index_show_file(revs, "+", new, sha1, !is_null_sha1(sha1), mode, dirty_submodule);
 }
 
 static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
-			 struct cache_entry *old,
-			 struct cache_entry *new,
+			 const struct cache_entry *old,
+			 const struct cache_entry *new,
 			 int report_missing,
 			 int cached, int match_missing)
 {
@@ -312,7 +324,7 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
 			  &dirty_submodule, &revs->diffopt) < 0) {
 		if (report_missing)
 			diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", old,
-					     old->sha1, old->ce_mode, 0);
+					     old->sha1, 1, old->ce_mode, 0);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -324,18 +336,17 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
 		p = xmalloc(combine_diff_path_size(2, pathlen));
 		p->path = (char *) &p->parent[2];
 		p->next = NULL;
-		p->len = pathlen;
 		memcpy(p->path, new->name, pathlen);
 		p->path[pathlen] = 0;
 		p->mode = mode;
-		hashclr(p->sha1);
+		oidclr(&p->oid);
 		memset(p->parent, 0, 2 * sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent));
 		p->parent[0].status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
 		p->parent[0].mode = new->ce_mode;
-		hashcpy(p->parent[0].sha1, new->sha1);
+		hashcpy(p->parent[0].oid.hash, new->sha1);
 		p->parent[1].status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
 		p->parent[1].mode = old->ce_mode;
-		hashcpy(p->parent[1].sha1, old->sha1);
+		hashcpy(p->parent[1].oid.hash, old->sha1);
 		show_combined_diff(p, 2, revs->dense_combined_merges, revs);
 		free(p);
 		return 0;
@@ -347,7 +358,8 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
 		return 0;
 
 	diff_change(&revs->diffopt, oldmode, mode,
-		    old->sha1, sha1, old->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
+		    old->sha1, sha1, 1, !is_null_sha1(sha1),
+		    old->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -358,8 +370,8 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
  * give you the position and number of entries in the index).
  */
 static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-	struct cache_entry *idx,
-	struct cache_entry *tree)
+			   const struct cache_entry *idx,
+			   const struct cache_entry *tree)
 {
 	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
 	int match_missing, cached;
@@ -380,7 +392,7 @@ static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
 		struct diff_filepair *pair;
 		pair = diff_unmerge(&revs->diffopt, idx->name);
 		if (tree)
-			fill_filespec(pair->one, tree->sha1, tree->ce_mode);
+			fill_filespec(pair->one, tree->sha1, 1, tree->ce_mode);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -396,7 +408,7 @@ static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
 	 * Something removed from the tree?
 	 */
 	if (!idx) {
-		diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", tree, tree->sha1, tree->ce_mode, 0);
+		diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", tree, tree->sha1, 1, tree->ce_mode, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -419,10 +431,11 @@ static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
  * the fairly complex unpack_trees() semantic requirements, including
  * the skipping, the path matching, the type conflict cases etc.
  */
-static int oneway_diff(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int oneway_diff(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
 	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
 
 	/*
@@ -434,7 +447,7 @@ static int oneway_diff(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (tree == o->df_conflict_entry)
 		tree = NULL;
 
-	if (ce_path_match(idx ? idx : tree, &revs->prune_data)) {
+	if (ce_path_match(idx ? idx : tree, &revs->prune_data, NULL)) {
 		do_oneway_diff(o, idx, tree);
 		if (diff_can_quit_early(&revs->diffopt)) {
 			o->exiting_early = 1;
@@ -469,6 +482,7 @@ static int diff_cache(struct rev_info *revs,
 	opts.src_index = &the_index;
 	opts.dst_index = NULL;
 	opts.pathspec = &revs->diffopt.pathspec;
+	opts.pathspec->recursive = 1;
 
 	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	return unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
@@ -479,7 +493,7 @@ int run_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs, int cached)
 	struct object_array_entry *ent;
 
 	ent = revs->pending.objects;
-	if (diff_cache(revs, ent->item->sha1, ent->name, cached))
+	if (diff_cache(revs, ent->item->oid.hash, ent->name, cached))
 		exit(128);
 
 	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "c/", cached ? "i/" : "w/");
@@ -494,7 +508,7 @@ int do_diff_cache(const unsigned char *tree_sha1, struct diff_options *opt)
 	struct rev_info revs;
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	init_pathspec(&revs.prune_data, opt->pathspec.raw);
+	copy_pathspec(&revs.prune_data, &opt->pathspec);
 	revs.diffopt = *opt;
 
 	if (diff_cache(&revs, tree_sha1, NULL, 1))
diff --git a/diff-no-index.c b/diff-no-index.c
index 3a36144687..1f8999b9ca 100644
--- a/diff-no-index.c
+++ b/diff-no-index.c
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
-static int read_directory(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
+static int read_directory_contents(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
 {
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *e;
@@ -25,24 +26,31 @@ static int read_directory(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
 		return error("Could not open directory %s", path);
 
 	while ((e = readdir(dir)))
-		if (strcmp(".", e->d_name) && strcmp("..", e->d_name))
+		if (!is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
 			string_list_insert(list, e->d_name);
 
 	closedir(dir);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * This should be "(standard input)" or something, but it will
+ * probably expose many more breakages in the way no-index code
+ * is bolted onto the diff callchain.
+ */
+static const char file_from_standard_input[] = "-";
+
 static int get_mode(const char *path, int *mode)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (!path || !strcmp(path, "/dev/null"))
 		*mode = 0;
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	else if (!strcasecmp(path, "nul"))
 		*mode = 0;
 #endif
-	else if (!strcmp(path, "-"))
+	else if (path == file_from_standard_input)
 		*mode = create_ce_mode(0666);
 	else if (lstat(path, &st))
 		return error("Could not access '%s'", path);
@@ -51,78 +59,126 @@ static int get_mode(const char *path, int *mode)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int populate_from_stdin(struct diff_filespec *s)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t size = 0;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
+		return error_errno("error while reading from stdin");
+
+	s->should_munmap = 0;
+	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
+	s->size = size;
+	s->should_free = 1;
+	s->is_stdin = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct diff_filespec *noindex_filespec(const char *name, int mode)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *s;
+
+	if (!name)
+		name = "/dev/null";
+	s = alloc_filespec(name);
+	fill_filespec(s, null_sha1, 0, mode);
+	if (name == file_from_standard_input)
+		populate_from_stdin(s);
+	return s;
+}
+
 static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
-		const char *name1, const char *name2)
+		      const char *name1, const char *name2)
 {
 	int mode1 = 0, mode2 = 0;
 
 	if (get_mode(name1, &mode1) || get_mode(name2, &mode2))
 		return -1;
 
-	if (mode1 && mode2 && S_ISDIR(mode1) != S_ISDIR(mode2))
-		return error("file/directory conflict: %s, %s", name1, name2);
+	if (mode1 && mode2 && S_ISDIR(mode1) != S_ISDIR(mode2)) {
+		struct diff_filespec *d1, *d2;
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(mode1)) {
+			/* 2 is file that is created */
+			d1 = noindex_filespec(NULL, 0);
+			d2 = noindex_filespec(name2, mode2);
+			name2 = NULL;
+			mode2 = 0;
+		} else {
+			/* 1 is file that is deleted */
+			d1 = noindex_filespec(name1, mode1);
+			d2 = noindex_filespec(NULL, 0);
+			name1 = NULL;
+			mode1 = 0;
+		}
+		/* emit that file */
+		diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, d1, d2);
+
+		/* and then let the entire directory be created or deleted */
+	}
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) || S_ISDIR(mode2)) {
-		char buffer1[PATH_MAX], buffer2[PATH_MAX];
+		struct strbuf buffer1 = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf buffer2 = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct string_list p1 = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 		struct string_list p2 = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-		int len1 = 0, len2 = 0, i1, i2, ret = 0;
+		int i1, i2, ret = 0;
+		size_t len1 = 0, len2 = 0;
 
-		if (name1 && read_directory(name1, &p1))
+		if (name1 && read_directory_contents(name1, &p1))
 			return -1;
-		if (name2 && read_directory(name2, &p2)) {
+		if (name2 && read_directory_contents(name2, &p2)) {
 			string_list_clear(&p1, 0);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
 		if (name1) {
-			len1 = strlen(name1);
-			if (len1 > 0 && name1[len1 - 1] == '/')
-				len1--;
-			memcpy(buffer1, name1, len1);
-			buffer1[len1++] = '/';
+			strbuf_addstr(&buffer1, name1);
+			strbuf_complete(&buffer1, '/');
+			len1 = buffer1.len;
 		}
 
 		if (name2) {
-			len2 = strlen(name2);
-			if (len2 > 0 && name2[len2 - 1] == '/')
-				len2--;
-			memcpy(buffer2, name2, len2);
-			buffer2[len2++] = '/';
+			strbuf_addstr(&buffer2, name2);
+			strbuf_complete(&buffer2, '/');
+			len2 = buffer2.len;
 		}
 
 		for (i1 = i2 = 0; !ret && (i1 < p1.nr || i2 < p2.nr); ) {
 			const char *n1, *n2;
 			int comp;
 
+			strbuf_setlen(&buffer1, len1);
+			strbuf_setlen(&buffer2, len2);
+
 			if (i1 == p1.nr)
 				comp = 1;
 			else if (i2 == p2.nr)
 				comp = -1;
 			else
-				comp = strcmp(p1.items[i1].string,
-					p2.items[i2].string);
+				comp = strcmp(p1.items[i1].string, p2.items[i2].string);
 
 			if (comp > 0)
 				n1 = NULL;
 			else {
-				n1 = buffer1;
-				strncpy(buffer1 + len1, p1.items[i1++].string,
-						PATH_MAX - len1);
+				strbuf_addstr(&buffer1, p1.items[i1++].string);
+				n1 = buffer1.buf;
 			}
 
 			if (comp < 0)
 				n2 = NULL;
 			else {
-				n2 = buffer2;
-				strncpy(buffer2 + len2, p2.items[i2++].string,
-						PATH_MAX - len2);
+				strbuf_addstr(&buffer2, p2.items[i2++].string);
+				n2 = buffer2.buf;
 			}
 
 			ret = queue_diff(o, n1, n2);
 		}
 		string_list_clear(&p1, 0);
 		string_list_clear(&p2, 0);
+		strbuf_release(&buffer1);
+		strbuf_release(&buffer2);
 
 		return ret;
 	} else {
@@ -135,141 +191,113 @@ static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
 			tmp_c = name1; name1 = name2; name2 = tmp_c;
 		}
 
-		if (!name1)
-			name1 = "/dev/null";
-		if (!name2)
-			name2 = "/dev/null";
-		d1 = alloc_filespec(name1);
-		d2 = alloc_filespec(name2);
-		fill_filespec(d1, null_sha1, mode1);
-		fill_filespec(d2, null_sha1, mode2);
-
+		d1 = noindex_filespec(name1, mode1);
+		d2 = noindex_filespec(name2, mode2);
 		diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, d1, d2);
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
 
-static int path_outside_repo(const char *path)
+/* append basename of F to D */
+static void append_basename(struct strbuf *path, const char *dir, const char *file)
 {
-	const char *work_tree;
-	size_t len;
+	const char *tail = strrchr(file, '/');
 
-	if (!is_absolute_path(path))
-		return 0;
-	work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
-	if (!work_tree)
-		return 1;
-	len = strlen(work_tree);
-	if (strncmp(path, work_tree, len) ||
-	    (path[len] != '\0' && path[len] != '/'))
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	strbuf_addstr(path, dir);
+	while (path->len && path->buf[path->len - 1] == '/')
+		path->len--;
+	strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+	strbuf_addstr(path, tail ? tail + 1 : file);
 }
 
-void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
-		   int argc, const char **argv,
-		   int nongit, const char *prefix)
+/*
+ * DWIM "diff D F" into "diff D/F F" and "diff F D" into "diff F D/F"
+ * Note that we append the basename of F to D/, so "diff a/b/file D"
+ * becomes "diff a/b/file D/file", not "diff a/b/file D/a/b/file".
+ */
+static void fixup_paths(const char **path, struct strbuf *replacement)
 {
-	int i;
-	int no_index = 0;
-	unsigned options = 0;
-
-	/* Were we asked to do --no-index explicitly? */
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
-			i++;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
-			no_index = 1;
-		if (argv[i][0] != '-')
-			break;
+	unsigned int isdir0, isdir1;
+
+	if (path[0] == file_from_standard_input ||
+	    path[1] == file_from_standard_input)
+		return;
+	isdir0 = is_directory(path[0]);
+	isdir1 = is_directory(path[1]);
+	if (isdir0 == isdir1)
+		return;
+	if (isdir0) {
+		append_basename(replacement, path[0], path[1]);
+		path[0] = replacement->buf;
+	} else {
+		append_basename(replacement, path[1], path[0]);
+		path[1] = replacement->buf;
 	}
+}
 
-	if (!no_index && !nongit) {
-		/*
-		 * Inside a git repository, without --no-index.  Only
-		 * when a path outside the repository is given,
-		 * e.g. "git diff /var/tmp/[12]", or "git diff
-		 * Makefile /var/tmp/Makefile", allow it to be used as
-		 * a colourful "diff" replacement.
-		 */
-		if ((argc != i + 2) ||
-		    (!path_outside_repo(argv[i]) &&
-		     !path_outside_repo(argv[i+1])))
-			return;
-	}
-	if (argc != i + 2)
-		usagef("git diff %s <path> <path>",
-		       no_index ? "--no-index" : "[--no-index]");
+void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
+		   int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i, prefixlen;
+	const char *paths[2];
+	struct strbuf replacement = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *prefix = revs->prefix;
 
 	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc - 2; ) {
 		int j;
 		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
 			i++;
-		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-q")) {
-			options |= DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
-			i++;
-		}
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--"))
 			i++;
 		else {
-			j = diff_opt_parse(&revs->diffopt, argv + i, argc - i);
-			if (!j)
+			j = diff_opt_parse(&revs->diffopt, argv + i, argc - i,
+					   revs->prefix);
+			if (j <= 0)
 				die("invalid diff option/value: %s", argv[i]);
 			i += j;
 		}
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * If the user asked for our exit code then don't start a
-	 * pager or we would end up reporting its exit code instead.
-	 */
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
-		setup_pager();
-
-	if (prefix) {
-		int len = strlen(prefix);
-		const char *paths[3];
-		memset(paths, 0, sizeof(paths));
-
-		for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-			const char *p = argv[argc - 2 + i];
+	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		const char *p = argv[argc - 2 + i];
+		if (!strcmp(p, "-"))
 			/*
-			 * stdin should be spelled as '-'; if you have
-			 * path that is '-', spell it as ./-.
+			 * stdin should be spelled as "-"; if you have
+			 * path that is "-", spell it as "./-".
 			 */
-			p = (strcmp(p, "-")
-			     ? xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, len, p))
-			     : p);
-			paths[i] = p;
-		}
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &revs->diffopt);
+			p = file_from_standard_input;
+		else if (prefixlen)
+			p = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, prefixlen, p));
+		paths[i] = p;
 	}
-	else
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(argv + argc - 2, &revs->diffopt);
+
+	fixup_paths(paths, &replacement);
+
 	revs->diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch = 1;
 	if (!revs->diffopt.output_format)
 		revs->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 
-	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, NO_INDEX);
 
 	revs->max_count = -2;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
 
-	if (queue_diff(&revs->diffopt, revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw[0],
-		       revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw[1]))
+	setup_diff_pager(&revs->diffopt);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
+
+	if (queue_diff(&revs->diffopt, paths[0], paths[1]))
 		exit(1);
 	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "1/", "2/");
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
 	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
 
+	strbuf_release(&replacement);
+
 	/*
 	 * The return code for --no-index imitates diff(1):
 	 * 0 = no changes, 1 = changes, else error
 	 */
-	exit(revs->diffopt.found_changes);
+	exit(diff_result_code(&revs->diffopt, 0));
 }
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index 374ecf3b48..fa78fc189c 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "diffcore.h"
@@ -12,9 +13,11 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
-#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
 #define FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY 0
@@ -23,20 +26,25 @@
 #endif
 
 static int diff_detect_rename_default;
+static int diff_compaction_heuristic; /* experimental */
 static int diff_rename_limit_default = 400;
 static int diff_suppress_blank_empty;
-int diff_use_color_default = -1;
+static int diff_use_color_default = -1;
+static int diff_context_default = 3;
 static const char *diff_word_regex_cfg;
 static const char *external_diff_cmd_cfg;
+static const char *diff_order_file_cfg;
 int diff_auto_refresh_index = 1;
 static int diff_mnemonic_prefix;
 static int diff_no_prefix;
+static int diff_stat_graph_width;
 static int diff_dirstat_permille_default = 30;
 static struct diff_options default_diff_options;
+static long diff_algorithm;
 
 static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
-	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* PLAIN */
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* CONTEXT */
 	GIT_COLOR_BOLD,		/* METAINFO */
 	GIT_COLOR_CYAN,		/* FRAGINFO */
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,		/* OLD */
@@ -46,47 +54,51 @@ static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* FUNCINFO */
 };
 
-static int parse_diff_color_slot(const char *var, int ofs)
+static int parse_diff_color_slot(const char *var)
 {
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "plain"))
-		return DIFF_PLAIN;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "meta"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "context") || !strcasecmp(var, "plain"))
+		return DIFF_CONTEXT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "meta"))
 		return DIFF_METAINFO;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "frag"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "frag"))
 		return DIFF_FRAGINFO;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "old"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "old"))
 		return DIFF_FILE_OLD;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "new"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "new"))
 		return DIFF_FILE_NEW;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "commit"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "commit"))
 		return DIFF_COMMIT;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "whitespace"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "whitespace"))
 		return DIFF_WHITESPACE;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "func"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "func"))
 		return DIFF_FUNCINFO;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params,
+static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params_string,
 				struct strbuf *errmsg)
 {
-	const char *p = params;
-	int p_len, ret = 0;
+	char *params_copy = xstrdup(params_string);
+	struct string_list params = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
 
-	while (*p) {
-		p_len = strchrnul(p, ',') - p;
-		if (!memcmp(p, "changes", p_len)) {
+	if (*params_copy)
+		string_list_split_in_place(&params, params_copy, ',', -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < params.nr; i++) {
+		const char *p = params.items[i].string;
+		if (!strcmp(p, "changes")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "lines", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "lines")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "files", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "files")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "noncumulative", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "noncumulative")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "cumulative", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "cumulative")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
 		} else if (isdigit(*p)) {
 			char *end;
@@ -98,27 +110,35 @@ static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params
 				while (isdigit(*++end))
 					; /* nothing */
 			}
-			if (end - p == p_len)
+			if (!*end)
 				options->dirstat_permille = permille;
 			else {
-				strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"),
-					    p_len, p);
+				strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"),
+					    p);
 				ret++;
 			}
 		} else {
-			strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"),
-				    p_len, p);
+			strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"), p);
 			ret++;
 		}
 
-		p += p_len;
-
-		if (*p)
-			p++; /* more parameters, swallow separator */
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&params, 0);
+	free(params_copy);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int parse_submodule_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(value, "log"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int git_config_rename(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!value)
@@ -128,22 +148,52 @@ static int git_config_rename(const char *var, const char *value)
 	return git_config_bool(var,value) ? DIFF_DETECT_RENAME : 0;
 }
 
+long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return -1;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "myers") || !strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+		return 0;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+		return XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "patience"))
+		return XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "histogram"))
+		return XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 /*
  * These are to give UI layer defaults.
  * The core-level commands such as git-diff-files should
  * never be affected by the setting of diff.renames
  * the user happens to have in the configuration file.
  */
+void init_diff_ui_defaults(void)
+{
+	diff_detect_rename_default = 1;
+}
+
 int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.diff")) {
 		diff_use_color_default = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.context")) {
+		diff_context_default = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (diff_context_default < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renames")) {
 		diff_detect_rename_default = git_config_rename(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.compactionheuristic")) {
+		diff_compaction_heuristic = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.autorefreshindex")) {
 		diff_auto_refresh_index = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -156,14 +206,34 @@ int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		diff_no_prefix = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.statgraphwidth")) {
+		diff_stat_graph_width = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.external"))
 		return git_config_string(&external_diff_cmd_cfg, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.wordregex"))
 		return git_config_string(&diff_word_regex_cfg, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.orderfile"))
+		return git_config_pathname(&diff_order_file_cfg, var, value);
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.ignoresubmodules"))
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&default_diff_options, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.submodule")) {
+		if (parse_submodule_params(&default_diff_options, value))
+			warning(_("Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"),
+				value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.algorithm")) {
+		diff_algorithm = parse_algorithm_value(value);
+		if (diff_algorithm < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (git_color_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
@@ -172,25 +242,24 @@ int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	const char *name;
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renamelimit")) {
 		diff_rename_limit_default = git_config_int(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	switch (userdiff_config(var, value)) {
-		case 0: break;
-		case -1: return -1;
-		default: return 0;
-	}
+	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "diff.color.") || !prefixcmp(var, "color.diff.")) {
-		int slot = parse_diff_color_slot(var, 11);
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "diff.color.", &name) ||
+	    skip_prefix(var, "color.diff.", &name)) {
+		int slot = parse_diff_color_slot(name);
 		if (slot < 0)
 			return 0;
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, diff_colors[slot]);
-		return 0;
+		return color_parse(value, diff_colors[slot]);
 	}
 
 	/* like GNU diff's --suppress-blank-empty option  */
@@ -212,7 +281,7 @@ int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "submodule."))
 		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
 
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
@@ -250,11 +319,26 @@ static const char *external_diff(void)
 	return external_diff_cmd;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Keep track of files used for diffing. Sometimes such an entry
+ * refers to a temporary file, sometimes to an existing file, and
+ * sometimes to "/dev/null".
+ */
 static struct diff_tempfile {
-	const char *name; /* filename external diff should read from */
-	char hex[41];
+	/*
+	 * filename external diff should read from, or NULL if this
+	 * entry is currently not in use:
+	 */
+	const char *name;
+
+	char hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
 	char mode[10];
-	char tmp_path[PATH_MAX];
+
+	/*
+	 * If this diff_tempfile instance refers to a temporary file,
+	 * this tempfile object is used to manage its lifetime.
+	 */
+	struct tempfile tempfile;
 } diff_temp[2];
 
 typedef unsigned long (*sane_truncate_fn)(char *line, unsigned long len);
@@ -317,7 +401,7 @@ static unsigned long diff_filespec_size(struct diff_filespec *one)
 {
 	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(one))
 		return 0;
-	diff_populate_filespec(one, 1);
+	diff_populate_filespec(one, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY);
 	return one->size;
 }
 
@@ -373,12 +457,7 @@ static void emit_line_0(struct diff_options *o, const char *set, const char *res
 	int nofirst;
 	FILE *file = o->file;
 
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		assert(msg);
-		fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, file);
-	}
+	fputs(diff_line_prefix(o), file);
 
 	if (len == 0) {
 		has_trailing_newline = (first == '\n');
@@ -425,30 +504,63 @@ static int new_blank_line_at_eof(struct emit_callback *ecbdata, const char *line
 	return ws_blank_line(line, len, ecbdata->ws_rule);
 }
 
-static void emit_add_line(const char *reset,
-			  struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
-			  const char *line, int len)
+static void emit_line_checked(const char *reset,
+			      struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
+			      const char *line, int len,
+			      enum color_diff color,
+			      unsigned ws_error_highlight,
+			      char sign)
 {
-	const char *ws = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_WHITESPACE);
-	const char *set = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+	const char *set = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, color);
+	const char *ws = NULL;
+
+	if (ecbdata->opt->ws_error_highlight & ws_error_highlight) {
+		ws = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_WHITESPACE);
+		if (!*ws)
+			ws = NULL;
+	}
 
-	if (!*ws)
-		emit_line_0(ecbdata->opt, set, reset, '+', line, len);
-	else if (new_blank_line_at_eof(ecbdata, line, len))
+	if (!ws)
+		emit_line_0(ecbdata->opt, set, reset, sign, line, len);
+	else if (sign == '+' && new_blank_line_at_eof(ecbdata, line, len))
 		/* Blank line at EOF - paint '+' as well */
-		emit_line_0(ecbdata->opt, ws, reset, '+', line, len);
+		emit_line_0(ecbdata->opt, ws, reset, sign, line, len);
 	else {
 		/* Emit just the prefix, then the rest. */
-		emit_line_0(ecbdata->opt, set, reset, '+', "", 0);
+		emit_line_0(ecbdata->opt, set, reset, sign, "", 0);
 		ws_check_emit(line, len, ecbdata->ws_rule,
 			      ecbdata->opt->file, set, reset, ws);
 	}
 }
 
+static void emit_add_line(const char *reset,
+			  struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
+			  const char *line, int len)
+{
+	emit_line_checked(reset, ecbdata, line, len,
+			  DIFF_FILE_NEW, WSEH_NEW, '+');
+}
+
+static void emit_del_line(const char *reset,
+			  struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
+			  const char *line, int len)
+{
+	emit_line_checked(reset, ecbdata, line, len,
+			  DIFF_FILE_OLD, WSEH_OLD, '-');
+}
+
+static void emit_context_line(const char *reset,
+			      struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
+			      const char *line, int len)
+{
+	emit_line_checked(reset, ecbdata, line, len,
+			  DIFF_CONTEXT, WSEH_CONTEXT, ' ');
+}
+
 static void emit_hunk_header(struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
 			     const char *line, int len)
 {
-	const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_PLAIN);
+	const char *context = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_CONTEXT);
 	const char *frag = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FRAGINFO);
 	const char *func = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FUNCINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
@@ -465,15 +577,15 @@ static void emit_hunk_header(struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
 	if (len < 10 ||
 	    memcmp(line, atat, 2) ||
 	    !(ep = memmem(line + 2, len - 2, atat, 2))) {
-		emit_line(ecbdata->opt, plain, reset, line, len);
+		emit_line(ecbdata->opt, context, reset, line, len);
 		return;
 	}
 	ep += 2; /* skip over @@ */
 
 	/* The hunk header in fraginfo color */
-	strbuf_add(&msgbuf, frag, strlen(frag));
+	strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, frag);
 	strbuf_add(&msgbuf, line, ep - line);
-	strbuf_add(&msgbuf, reset, strlen(reset));
+	strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, reset);
 
 	/*
 	 * trailing "\r\n"
@@ -487,15 +599,15 @@ static void emit_hunk_header(struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
 		if (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')
 			break;
 	if (ep != cp) {
-		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, plain, strlen(plain));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, context);
 		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, cp, ep - cp);
-		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, reset, strlen(reset));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, reset);
 	}
 
 	if (ep < line + len) {
-		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, func, strlen(func));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, func);
 		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, ep, line + len - ep);
-		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, reset, strlen(reset));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, reset);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_add(&msgbuf, line + len, org_len - len);
@@ -511,25 +623,16 @@ static struct diff_tempfile *claim_diff_tempfile(void) {
 	die("BUG: diff is failing to clean up its tempfiles");
 }
 
-static int remove_tempfile_installed;
-
 static void remove_tempfile(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(diff_temp); i++) {
-		if (diff_temp[i].name == diff_temp[i].tmp_path)
-			unlink_or_warn(diff_temp[i].name);
+		if (is_tempfile_active(&diff_temp[i].tempfile))
+			delete_tempfile(&diff_temp[i].tempfile);
 		diff_temp[i].name = NULL;
 	}
 }
 
-static void remove_tempfile_on_signal(int signo)
-{
-	remove_tempfile();
-	sigchain_pop(signo);
-	raise(signo);
-}
-
 static void print_line_count(FILE *file, int count)
 {
 	switch (count) {
@@ -550,7 +653,6 @@ static void emit_rewrite_lines(struct emit_callback *ecb,
 {
 	const char *endp = NULL;
 	static const char *nneof = " No newline at end of file\n";
-	const char *old = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
 
 	while (0 < size) {
@@ -560,8 +662,7 @@ static void emit_rewrite_lines(struct emit_callback *ecb,
 		len = endp ? (endp - data + 1) : size;
 		if (prefix != '+') {
 			ecb->lno_in_preimage++;
-			emit_line_0(ecb->opt, old, reset, '-',
-				    data, len);
+			emit_del_line(reset, ecb, data, len);
 		} else {
 			ecb->lno_in_postimage++;
 			emit_add_line(reset, ecb, data, len);
@@ -570,9 +671,10 @@ static void emit_rewrite_lines(struct emit_callback *ecb,
 		data += len;
 	}
 	if (!endp) {
-		const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff,
-						   DIFF_PLAIN);
-		emit_line_0(ecb->opt, plain, reset, '\\',
+		const char *context = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff,
+						     DIFF_CONTEXT);
+		putc('\n', ecb->opt->file);
+		emit_line_0(ecb->opt, context, reset, '\\',
 			    nneof, strlen(nneof));
 	}
 }
@@ -595,13 +697,7 @@ static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
 	char *data_one, *data_two;
 	size_t size_one, size_two;
 	struct emit_callback ecbdata;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (diff_mnemonic_prefix && DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
 		a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
@@ -627,7 +723,7 @@ static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
 	memset(&ecbdata, 0, sizeof(ecbdata));
 	ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 	ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
-	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
 	ecbdata.opt = o;
 	if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
 		mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
@@ -797,18 +893,14 @@ static void fn_out_diff_words_aux(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	int minus_first, minus_len, plus_first, plus_len;
 	const char *minus_begin, *minus_end, *plus_begin, *plus_end;
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	if (line[0] != '@' || parse_hunk_header(line, len,
 			&minus_first, &minus_len, &plus_first, &plus_len))
 		return;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* POSIX requires that first be decremented by one if len == 0... */
 	if (minus_len) {
@@ -932,14 +1024,10 @@ static void diff_words_show(struct diff_words_data *diff_words)
 	struct diff_words_style *style = diff_words->style;
 
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* special case: only removal */
 	if (!diff_words->plus.text.size) {
@@ -962,8 +1050,9 @@ static void diff_words_show(struct diff_words_data *diff_words)
 	xpp.flags = 0;
 	/* as only the hunk header will be parsed, we need a 0-context */
 	xecfg.ctxlen = 0;
-	xdi_diff_outf(&minus, &plus, fn_out_diff_words_aux, diff_words,
-		      &xpp, &xecfg);
+	if (xdi_diff_outf(&minus, &plus, fn_out_diff_words_aux, diff_words,
+			  &xpp, &xecfg))
+		die("unable to generate word diff");
 	free(minus.ptr);
 	free(plus.ptr);
 	if (diff_words->current_plus != diff_words->plus.text.ptr +
@@ -987,10 +1076,74 @@ static void diff_words_flush(struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
 		diff_words_show(ecbdata->diff_words);
 }
 
+static void diff_filespec_load_driver(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	/* Use already-loaded driver */
+	if (one->driver)
+		return;
+
+	if (S_ISREG(one->mode))
+		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(one->path);
+
+	/* Fallback to default settings */
+	if (!one->driver)
+		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
+}
+
+static const char *userdiff_word_regex(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	diff_filespec_load_driver(one);
+	return one->driver->word_regex;
+}
+
+static void init_diff_words_data(struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
+				 struct diff_options *orig_opts,
+				 struct diff_filespec *one,
+				 struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_options *o = xmalloc(sizeof(struct diff_options));
+	memcpy(o, orig_opts, sizeof(struct diff_options));
+
+	ecbdata->diff_words =
+		xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct diff_words_data));
+	ecbdata->diff_words->type = o->word_diff;
+	ecbdata->diff_words->opt = o;
+	if (!o->word_regex)
+		o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(one);
+	if (!o->word_regex)
+		o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(two);
+	if (!o->word_regex)
+		o->word_regex = diff_word_regex_cfg;
+	if (o->word_regex) {
+		ecbdata->diff_words->word_regex = (regex_t *)
+			xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
+		if (regcomp(ecbdata->diff_words->word_regex,
+			    o->word_regex,
+			    REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE))
+			die ("Invalid regular expression: %s",
+			     o->word_regex);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(diff_words_styles); i++) {
+		if (o->word_diff == diff_words_styles[i].type) {
+			ecbdata->diff_words->style =
+				&diff_words_styles[i];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (want_color(o->use_color)) {
+		struct diff_words_style *st = ecbdata->diff_words->style;
+		st->old.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+		st->new.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+		st->ctx.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_CONTEXT);
+	}
+}
+
 static void free_diff_words_data(struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
 {
 	if (ecbdata->diff_words) {
 		diff_words_flush(ecbdata);
+		free (ecbdata->diff_words->opt);
 		free (ecbdata->diff_words->minus.text.ptr);
 		free (ecbdata->diff_words->minus.orig);
 		free (ecbdata->diff_words->plus.text.ptr);
@@ -1011,6 +1164,16 @@ const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix)
 	return "";
 }
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	if (!opt->output_prefix)
+		return "";
+
+	msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+	return msgbuf->buf;
+}
+
 static unsigned long sane_truncate_line(struct emit_callback *ecb, char *line, unsigned long len)
 {
 	const char *cp;
@@ -1048,16 +1211,10 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 {
 	struct emit_callback *ecbdata = priv;
 	const char *meta = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_METAINFO);
-	const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_PLAIN);
+	const char *context = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_CONTEXT);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
 	struct diff_options *o = ecbdata->opt;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (ecbdata->header) {
 		fprintf(ecbdata->opt->file, "%s", ecbdata->header->buf);
@@ -1113,10 +1270,19 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 			diff_words_append(line, len,
 					  &ecbdata->diff_words->plus);
 			return;
+		} else if (starts_with(line, "\\ ")) {
+			/*
+			 * Eat the "no newline at eof" marker as if we
+			 * saw a "+" or "-" line with nothing on it,
+			 * and return without diff_words_flush() to
+			 * defer processing. If this is the end of
+			 * preimage, more "+" lines may come after it.
+			 */
+			return;
 		}
 		diff_words_flush(ecbdata);
 		if (ecbdata->diff_words->type == DIFF_WORDS_PORCELAIN) {
-			emit_line(ecbdata->opt, plain, reset, line, len);
+			emit_line(ecbdata->opt, context, reset, line, len);
 			fputs("~\n", ecbdata->opt->file);
 		} else {
 			/*
@@ -1128,22 +1294,32 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 			      line++;
 			      len--;
 			}
-			emit_line(ecbdata->opt, plain, reset, line, len);
+			emit_line(ecbdata->opt, context, reset, line, len);
 		}
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (line[0] != '+') {
-		const char *color =
-			diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff,
-				       line[0] == '-' ? DIFF_FILE_OLD : DIFF_PLAIN);
-		ecbdata->lno_in_preimage++;
-		if (line[0] == ' ')
-			ecbdata->lno_in_postimage++;
-		emit_line(ecbdata->opt, color, reset, line, len);
-	} else {
+	switch (line[0]) {
+	case '+':
 		ecbdata->lno_in_postimage++;
 		emit_add_line(reset, ecbdata, line + 1, len - 1);
+		break;
+	case '-':
+		ecbdata->lno_in_preimage++;
+		emit_del_line(reset, ecbdata, line + 1, len - 1);
+		break;
+	case ' ':
+		ecbdata->lno_in_postimage++;
+		ecbdata->lno_in_preimage++;
+		emit_context_line(reset, ecbdata, line + 1, len - 1);
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* incomplete line at the end */
+		ecbdata->lno_in_preimage++;
+		emit_line(ecbdata->opt,
+			  diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_CONTEXT),
+			  reset, line, len);
+		break;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1153,6 +1329,7 @@ static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
 	const char *new = b;
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int pfx_length, sfx_length;
+	int pfx_adjust_for_slash;
 	int len_a = strlen(a);
 	int len_b = strlen(b);
 	int a_midlen, b_midlen;
@@ -1179,7 +1356,18 @@ static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
 	old = a + len_a;
 	new = b + len_b;
 	sfx_length = 0;
-	while (a <= old && b <= new && *old == *new) {
+	/*
+	 * If there is a common prefix, it must end in a slash.  In
+	 * that case we let this loop run 1 into the prefix to see the
+	 * same slash.
+	 *
+	 * If there is no common prefix, we cannot do this as it would
+	 * underrun the input strings.
+	 */
+	pfx_adjust_for_slash = (pfx_length ? 1 : 0);
+	while (a + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= old &&
+	       b + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= new &&
+	       *old == *new) {
 		if (*old == '/')
 			sfx_length = len_a - (old - a);
 		old--;
@@ -1224,6 +1412,7 @@ struct diffstat_t {
 		unsigned is_unmerged:1;
 		unsigned is_binary:1;
 		unsigned is_renamed:1;
+		unsigned is_interesting:1;
 		uintmax_t added, deleted;
 	} **files;
 };
@@ -1233,12 +1422,8 @@ static struct diffstat_file *diffstat_add(struct diffstat_t *diffstat,
 					  const char *name_b)
 {
 	struct diffstat_file *x;
-	x = xcalloc(sizeof (*x), 1);
-	if (diffstat->nr == diffstat->alloc) {
-		diffstat->alloc = alloc_nr(diffstat->alloc);
-		diffstat->files = xrealloc(diffstat->files,
-				diffstat->alloc * sizeof(x));
-	}
+	x = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*x));
+	ALLOC_GROW(diffstat->files, diffstat->nr + 1, diffstat->alloc);
 	diffstat->files[diffstat->nr++] = x;
 	if (name_b) {
 		x->from_name = xstrdup(name_a);
@@ -1267,13 +1452,15 @@ const char mime_boundary_leader[] = "------------";
 
 static int scale_linear(int it, int width, int max_change)
 {
+	if (!it)
+		return 0;
 	/*
-	 * make sure that at least one '-' is printed if there were deletions,
-	 * and likewise for '+'.
+	 * make sure that at least one '-' or '+' is printed if
+	 * there is any change to this path. The easiest way is to
+	 * scale linearly as if the alloted width is one column shorter
+	 * than it is, and then add 1 to the result.
 	 */
-	if (max_change < 2)
-		return it;
-	return ((it - 1) * (width - 1) + max_change - 1) / (max_change - 1);
+	return 1 + (it * (width - 1) / max_change);
 }
 
 static void show_name(FILE *file,
@@ -1313,49 +1500,73 @@ static void fill_print_name(struct diffstat_file *file)
 	file->print_name = pname;
 }
 
+int print_stat_summary(FILE *fp, int files, int insertions, int deletions)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!files) {
+		assert(insertions == 0 && deletions == 0);
+		return fprintf(fp, "%s\n", " 0 files changed");
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb,
+		    (files == 1) ? " %d file changed" : " %d files changed",
+		    files);
+
+	/*
+	 * For binary diff, the caller may want to print "x files
+	 * changed" with insertions == 0 && deletions == 0.
+	 *
+	 * Not omitting "0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)" in this case
+	 * is probably less confusing (i.e skip over "2 files changed
+	 * but nothing about added/removed lines? Is this a bug in Git?").
+	 */
+	if (insertions || deletions == 0) {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb,
+			    (insertions == 1) ? ", %d insertion(+)" : ", %d insertions(+)",
+			    insertions);
+	}
+
+	if (deletions || insertions == 0) {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb,
+			    (deletions == 1) ? ", %d deletion(-)" : ", %d deletions(-)",
+			    deletions);
+	}
+	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+	ret = fputs(sb.buf, fp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int i, len, add, del, adds = 0, dels = 0;
 	uintmax_t max_change = 0, max_len = 0;
-	int total_files = data->nr;
-	int width, name_width, count;
+	int total_files = data->nr, count;
+	int width, name_width, graph_width, number_width = 0, bin_width = 0;
 	const char *reset, *add_c, *del_c;
 	const char *line_prefix = "";
 	int extra_shown = 0;
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
 
 	if (data->nr == 0)
 		return;
 
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options, options->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
-
-	width = options->stat_width ? options->stat_width : 80;
-	name_width = options->stat_name_width ? options->stat_name_width : 50;
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(options);
 	count = options->stat_count ? options->stat_count : data->nr;
 
-	/* Sanity: give at least 5 columns to the graph,
-	 * but leave at least 10 columns for the name.
-	 */
-	if (width < 25)
-		width = 25;
-	if (name_width < 10)
-		name_width = 10;
-	else if (width < name_width + 15)
-		name_width = width - 15;
-
-	/* Find the longest filename and max number of changes */
 	reset = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_RESET);
 	add_c = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 	del_c = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 
+	/*
+	 * Find the longest filename and max number of changes
+	 */
 	for (i = 0; (i < count) && (i < data->nr); i++) {
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
 		uintmax_t change = file->added + file->deleted;
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (change == 0)) {
+
+		if (!file->is_interesting && (change == 0)) {
 			count++; /* not shown == room for one more */
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -1364,38 +1575,121 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 		if (max_len < len)
 			max_len = len;
 
-		if (file->is_binary || file->is_unmerged)
+		if (file->is_unmerged) {
+			/* "Unmerged" is 8 characters */
+			bin_width = bin_width < 8 ? 8 : bin_width;
 			continue;
+		}
+		if (file->is_binary) {
+			/* "Bin XXX -> YYY bytes" */
+			int w = 14 + decimal_width(file->added)
+				+ decimal_width(file->deleted);
+			bin_width = bin_width < w ? w : bin_width;
+			/* Display change counts aligned with "Bin" */
+			number_width = 3;
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		if (max_change < change)
 			max_change = change;
 	}
-	count = i; /* min(count, data->nr) */
+	count = i; /* where we can stop scanning in data->files[] */
 
-	/* Compute the width of the graph part;
-	 * 10 is for one blank at the beginning of the line plus
-	 * " | count " between the name and the graph.
+	/*
+	 * We have width = stat_width or term_columns() columns total.
+	 * We want a maximum of min(max_len, stat_name_width) for the name part.
+	 * We want a maximum of min(max_change, stat_graph_width) for the +- part.
+	 * We also need 1 for " " and 4 + decimal_width(max_change)
+	 * for " | NNNN " and one the empty column at the end, altogether
+	 * 6 + decimal_width(max_change).
+	 *
+	 * If there's not enough space, we will use the smaller of
+	 * stat_name_width (if set) and 5/8*width for the filename,
+	 * and the rest for constant elements + graph part, but no more
+	 * than stat_graph_width for the graph part.
+	 * (5/8 gives 50 for filename and 30 for the constant parts + graph
+	 * for the standard terminal size).
 	 *
-	 * From here on, name_width is the width of the name area,
-	 * and width is the width of the graph area.
+	 * In other words: stat_width limits the maximum width, and
+	 * stat_name_width fixes the maximum width of the filename,
+	 * and is also used to divide available columns if there
+	 * aren't enough.
+	 *
+	 * Binary files are displayed with "Bin XXX -> YYY bytes"
+	 * instead of the change count and graph. This part is treated
+	 * similarly to the graph part, except that it is not
+	 * "scaled". If total width is too small to accommodate the
+	 * guaranteed minimum width of the filename part and the
+	 * separators and this message, this message will "overflow"
+	 * making the line longer than the maximum width.
 	 */
-	name_width = (name_width < max_len) ? name_width : max_len;
-	if (width < (name_width + 10) + max_change)
-		width = width - (name_width + 10);
+
+	if (options->stat_width == -1)
+		width = term_columns() - options->output_prefix_length;
 	else
-		width = max_change;
+		width = options->stat_width ? options->stat_width : 80;
+	number_width = decimal_width(max_change) > number_width ?
+		decimal_width(max_change) : number_width;
+
+	if (options->stat_graph_width == -1)
+		options->stat_graph_width = diff_stat_graph_width;
+
+	/*
+	 * Guarantee 3/8*16==6 for the graph part
+	 * and 5/8*16==10 for the filename part
+	 */
+	if (width < 16 + 6 + number_width)
+		width = 16 + 6 + number_width;
 
+	/*
+	 * First assign sizes that are wanted, ignoring available width.
+	 * strlen("Bin XXX -> YYY bytes") == bin_width, and the part
+	 * starting from "XXX" should fit in graph_width.
+	 */
+	graph_width = max_change + 4 > bin_width ? max_change : bin_width - 4;
+	if (options->stat_graph_width &&
+	    options->stat_graph_width < graph_width)
+		graph_width = options->stat_graph_width;
+
+	name_width = (options->stat_name_width > 0 &&
+		      options->stat_name_width < max_len) ?
+		options->stat_name_width : max_len;
+
+	/*
+	 * Adjust adjustable widths not to exceed maximum width
+	 */
+	if (name_width + number_width + 6 + graph_width > width) {
+		if (graph_width > width * 3/8 - number_width - 6) {
+			graph_width = width * 3/8 - number_width - 6;
+			if (graph_width < 6)
+				graph_width = 6;
+		}
+
+		if (options->stat_graph_width &&
+		    graph_width > options->stat_graph_width)
+			graph_width = options->stat_graph_width;
+		if (name_width > width - number_width - 6 - graph_width)
+			name_width = width - number_width - 6 - graph_width;
+		else
+			graph_width = width - number_width - 6 - name_width;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * From here name_width is the width of the name area,
+	 * and graph_width is the width of the graph area.
+	 * max_change is used to scale graph properly.
+	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		const char *prefix = "";
-		char *name = data->files[i]->print_name;
-		uintmax_t added = data->files[i]->added;
-		uintmax_t deleted = data->files[i]->deleted;
+		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
+		char *name = file->print_name;
+		uintmax_t added = file->added;
+		uintmax_t deleted = file->deleted;
 		int name_len;
 
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (added + deleted == 0)) {
-			total_files--;
+		if (!file->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))
 			continue;
-		}
+
 		/*
 		 * "scale" the filename
 		 */
@@ -1411,11 +1705,15 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 				name = slash;
 		}
 
-		if (data->files[i]->is_binary) {
+		if (file->is_binary) {
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
 			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
-			fprintf(options->file, "  Bin ");
-			fprintf(options->file, "%s%"PRIuMAX"%s",
+			fprintf(options->file, " %*s", number_width, "Bin");
+			if (!added && !deleted) {
+				putc('\n', options->file);
+				continue;
+			}
+			fprintf(options->file, " %s%"PRIuMAX"%s",
 				del_c, deleted, reset);
 			fprintf(options->file, " -> ");
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s%"PRIuMAX"%s",
@@ -1424,10 +1722,10 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 			fprintf(options->file, "\n");
 			continue;
 		}
-		else if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged) {
+		else if (file->is_unmerged) {
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
 			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
-			fprintf(options->file, "  Unmerged\n");
+			fprintf(options->file, " Unmerged\n");
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -1436,39 +1734,53 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 		 */
 		add = added;
 		del = deleted;
-		adds += add;
-		dels += del;
 
-		if (width <= max_change) {
-			add = scale_linear(add, width, max_change);
-			del = scale_linear(del, width, max_change);
+		if (graph_width <= max_change) {
+			int total = scale_linear(add + del, graph_width, max_change);
+			if (total < 2 && add && del)
+				/* width >= 2 due to the sanity check */
+				total = 2;
+			if (add < del) {
+				add = scale_linear(add, graph_width, max_change);
+				del = total - add;
+			} else {
+				del = scale_linear(del, graph_width, max_change);
+				add = total - del;
+			}
 		}
 		fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
 		show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
-		fprintf(options->file, "%5"PRIuMAX"%s", added + deleted,
-				added + deleted ? " " : "");
+		fprintf(options->file, " %*"PRIuMAX"%s",
+			number_width, added + deleted,
+			added + deleted ? " " : "");
 		show_graph(options->file, '+', add, add_c, reset);
 		show_graph(options->file, '-', del, del_c, reset);
 		fprintf(options->file, "\n");
 	}
-	for (i = count; i < data->nr; i++) {
-		uintmax_t added = data->files[i]->added;
-		uintmax_t deleted = data->files[i]->deleted;
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (added + deleted == 0)) {
+
+	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
+		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
+		uintmax_t added = file->added;
+		uintmax_t deleted = file->deleted;
+
+		if (file->is_unmerged ||
+		    (!file->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))) {
 			total_files--;
 			continue;
 		}
-		adds += added;
-		dels += deleted;
+
+		if (!file->is_binary) {
+			adds += added;
+			dels += deleted;
+		}
+		if (i < count)
+			continue;
 		if (!extra_shown)
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s ...\n", line_prefix);
 		extra_shown = 1;
 	}
 	fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
-	fprintf(options->file,
-	       " %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)\n",
-	       total_files, adds, dels);
+	print_stat_summary(options->file, total_files, adds, dels);
 }
 
 static void show_shortstats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
@@ -1479,27 +1791,19 @@ static void show_shortstats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *option
 		return;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_binary &&
-		    !data->files[i]->is_unmerged) {
-			int added = data->files[i]->added;
-			int deleted= data->files[i]->deleted;
-			if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			    (added + deleted == 0)) {
-				total_files--;
-			} else {
-				adds += added;
-				dels += deleted;
-			}
+		int added = data->files[i]->added;
+		int deleted= data->files[i]->deleted;
+
+		if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged ||
+		    (!data->files[i]->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))) {
+			total_files--;
+		} else if (!data->files[i]->is_binary) { /* don't count bytes */
+			adds += added;
+			dels += deleted;
 		}
 	}
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-				options->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
-	fprintf(options->file, " %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)\n",
-	       total_files, adds, dels);
+	fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
+	print_stat_summary(options->file, total_files, adds, dels);
 }
 
 static void show_numstat(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
@@ -1512,12 +1816,7 @@ static void show_numstat(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
 
-		if (options->output_prefix) {
-			struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-			msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-					options->output_prefix_data);
-			fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-		}
+		fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 
 		if (file->is_binary)
 			fprintf(options->file, "-\t-\t");
@@ -1559,13 +1858,7 @@ static long gather_dirstat(struct diff_options *opt, struct dirstat_dir *dir,
 {
 	unsigned long this_dir = 0;
 	unsigned int sources = 0;
-	const char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	while (dir->nr) {
 		struct dirstat_file *f = dir->files;
@@ -1675,11 +1968,11 @@ static void show_dirstat(struct diff_options *options)
 			diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
 			diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
 		} else if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
-			diff_populate_filespec(p->one, 1);
+			diff_populate_filespec(p->one, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY);
 			copied = added = 0;
 			diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
 		} else if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
-			diff_populate_filespec(p->two, 1);
+			diff_populate_filespec(p->two, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY);
 			copied = 0;
 			added = p->two->size;
 			diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
@@ -1815,15 +2108,10 @@ static void checkdiff_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 	char *err;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(data->o);
-	if (data->o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = data->o->output_prefix(data->o,
-			data->o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(data->o);
 
 	if (line[0] == '+') {
 		unsigned bad;
@@ -1864,7 +2152,6 @@ static unsigned char *deflate_it(char *data,
 	unsigned char *deflated;
 	git_zstream stream;
 
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
 	bound = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 	deflated = xmalloc(bound);
@@ -1880,7 +2167,8 @@ static unsigned char *deflate_it(char *data,
 	return deflated;
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+				  const char *prefix)
 {
 	void *cp;
 	void *delta;
@@ -1941,27 +2229,14 @@ static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char
 	free(data);
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			     const char *prefix)
 {
 	fprintf(file, "%sGIT binary patch\n", prefix);
 	emit_binary_diff_body(file, one, two, prefix);
 	emit_binary_diff_body(file, two, one, prefix);
 }
 
-static void diff_filespec_load_driver(struct diff_filespec *one)
-{
-	/* Use already-loaded driver */
-	if (one->driver)
-		return;
-
-	if (S_ISREG(one->mode))
-		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(one->path);
-
-	/* Fallback to default settings */
-	if (!one->driver)
-		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
-}
-
 int diff_filespec_is_binary(struct diff_filespec *one)
 {
 	if (one->is_binary == -1) {
@@ -1970,8 +2245,8 @@ int diff_filespec_is_binary(struct diff_filespec *one)
 			one->is_binary = one->driver->binary;
 		else {
 			if (!one->data && DIFF_FILE_VALID(one))
-				diff_populate_filespec(one, 0);
-			if (one->data)
+				diff_populate_filespec(one, CHECK_BINARY);
+			if (one->is_binary == -1 && one->data)
 				one->is_binary = buffer_is_binary(one->data,
 						one->size);
 			if (one->is_binary == -1)
@@ -1987,12 +2262,6 @@ static const struct userdiff_funcname *diff_funcname_pattern(struct diff_filespe
 	return one->driver->funcname.pattern ? &one->driver->funcname : NULL;
 }
 
-static const char *userdiff_word_regex(struct diff_filespec *one)
-{
-	diff_filespec_load_driver(one);
-	return one->driver->word_regex;
-}
-
 void diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(struct diff_options *options, const char *a, const char *b)
 {
 	if (!options->a_prefix)
@@ -2022,28 +2291,23 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	const char *lbl[2];
 	char *a_one, *b_two;
-	const char *set = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *meta = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
 	struct strbuf header = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, SUBMODULE_LOG) &&
 			(!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
 			(!two->mode || S_ISGITLINK(two->mode))) {
 		const char *del = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 		const char *add = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
-		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one ? one->path : two->path,
+		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one->path ? one->path : two->path,
+				line_prefix,
 				one->sha1, two->sha1, two->dirty_submodule,
-				del, add, reset);
+				meta, del, add, reset);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2069,24 +2333,24 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	b_two = quote_two(b_prefix, name_b + (*name_b == '/'));
 	lbl[0] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? a_one : "/dev/null";
 	lbl[1] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? b_two : "/dev/null";
-	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, set, a_one, b_two, reset);
+	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, meta, a_one, b_two, reset);
 	if (lbl[0][0] == '/') {
 		/* /dev/null */
-		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, two->mode, reset);
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, two->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg)
 			strbuf_addstr(&header, xfrm_msg);
 		must_show_header = 1;
 	}
 	else if (lbl[1][0] == '/') {
-		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, one->mode, reset);
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, one->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg)
 			strbuf_addstr(&header, xfrm_msg);
 		must_show_header = 1;
 	}
 	else {
 		if (one->mode != two->mode) {
-			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sold mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, one->mode, reset);
-			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, two->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sold mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, one->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, two->mode, reset);
 			must_show_header = 1;
 		}
 		if (xfrm_msg)
@@ -2117,6 +2381,19 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	} else if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, TEXT) &&
 	    ( (!textconv_one && diff_filespec_is_binary(one)) ||
 	      (!textconv_two && diff_filespec_is_binary(two)) )) {
+		if (!one->data && !two->data &&
+		    S_ISREG(one->mode) && S_ISREG(two->mode) &&
+		    !DIFF_OPT_TST(o, BINARY)) {
+			if (!hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1)) {
+				if (must_show_header)
+					fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
+				goto free_ab_and_return;
+			}
+			fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
+			fprintf(o->file, "%sBinary files %s and %s differ\n",
+				line_prefix, lbl[0], lbl[1]);
+			goto free_ab_and_return;
+		}
 		if (fill_mmfile(&mf1, one) < 0 || fill_mmfile(&mf2, two) < 0)
 			die("unable to read files to diff");
 		/* Quite common confusing case */
@@ -2137,12 +2414,13 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	} else {
 		/* Crazy xdl interfaces.. */
 		const char *diffopts = getenv("GIT_DIFF_OPTS");
+		const char *v;
 		xpparam_t xpp;
 		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 		struct emit_callback ecbdata;
 		const struct userdiff_funcname *pe;
 
-		if (!DIFF_XDL_TST(o, WHITESPACE_FLAGS) || must_show_header) {
+		if (must_show_header) {
 			fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
 			strbuf_reset(&header);
 		}
@@ -2160,7 +2438,7 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 		ecbdata.label_path = lbl;
 		ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 		ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
-		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
 		if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)
 			check_blank_at_eof(&mf1, &mf2, &ecbdata);
 		ecbdata.opt = o;
@@ -2175,48 +2453,15 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 			xdiff_set_find_func(&xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
 		if (!diffopts)
 			;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(diffopts, "--unified="))
-			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(diffopts + 10, NULL, 10);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(diffopts, "-u"))
-			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(diffopts + 2, NULL, 10);
-		if (o->word_diff) {
-			int i;
-
-			ecbdata.diff_words =
-				xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct diff_words_data));
-			ecbdata.diff_words->type = o->word_diff;
-			ecbdata.diff_words->opt = o;
-			if (!o->word_regex)
-				o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(one);
-			if (!o->word_regex)
-				o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(two);
-			if (!o->word_regex)
-				o->word_regex = diff_word_regex_cfg;
-			if (o->word_regex) {
-				ecbdata.diff_words->word_regex = (regex_t *)
-					xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
-				if (regcomp(ecbdata.diff_words->word_regex,
-						o->word_regex,
-						REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE))
-					die ("Invalid regular expression: %s",
-							o->word_regex);
-			}
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(diff_words_styles); i++) {
-				if (o->word_diff == diff_words_styles[i].type) {
-					ecbdata.diff_words->style =
-						&diff_words_styles[i];
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			if (want_color(o->use_color)) {
-				struct diff_words_style *st = ecbdata.diff_words->style;
-				st->old.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
-				st->new.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
-				st->ctx.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_PLAIN);
-			}
-		}
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, fn_out_consume, &ecbdata,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
+		else if (skip_prefix(diffopts, "--unified=", &v))
+			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(v, NULL, 10);
+		else if (skip_prefix(diffopts, "-u", &v))
+			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(v, NULL, 10);
+		if (o->word_diff)
+			init_diff_words_data(&ecbdata, o, one, two);
+		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, fn_out_consume, &ecbdata,
+				  &xpp, &xecfg))
+			die("unable to generate diff for %s", one->path);
 		if (o->word_diff)
 			free_diff_words_data(&ecbdata);
 		if (textconv_one)
@@ -2240,22 +2485,37 @@ static void builtin_diffstat(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
 			     struct diff_filespec *two,
 			     struct diffstat_t *diffstat,
 			     struct diff_options *o,
-			     int complete_rewrite)
+			     struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	struct diffstat_file *data;
+	int same_contents;
+	int complete_rewrite = 0;
+
+	if (!DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
+		if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED && p->score)
+			complete_rewrite = 1;
+	}
 
 	data = diffstat_add(diffstat, name_a, name_b);
+	data->is_interesting = p->status != DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN;
 
 	if (!one || !two) {
 		data->is_unmerged = 1;
 		return;
 	}
 
+	same_contents = !hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1);
+
 	if (diff_filespec_is_binary(one) || diff_filespec_is_binary(two)) {
 		data->is_binary = 1;
-		data->added = diff_filespec_size(two);
-		data->deleted = diff_filespec_size(one);
+		if (same_contents) {
+			data->added = 0;
+			data->deleted = 0;
+		} else {
+			data->added = diff_filespec_size(two);
+			data->deleted = diff_filespec_size(one);
+		}
 	}
 
 	else if (complete_rewrite) {
@@ -2265,7 +2525,7 @@ static void builtin_diffstat(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
 		data->added = count_lines(two->data, two->size);
 	}
 
-	else {
+	else if (!same_contents) {
 		/* Crazy xdl interfaces.. */
 		xpparam_t xpp;
 		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
@@ -2278,8 +2538,9 @@ static void builtin_diffstat(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
 		xpp.flags = o->xdl_opts;
 		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
 		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffstat_consume, diffstat,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
+		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffstat_consume, diffstat,
+				  &xpp, &xecfg))
+			die("unable to generate diffstat for %s", one->path);
 	}
 
 	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
@@ -2325,8 +2586,9 @@ static void builtin_checkdiff(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
 		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 		xecfg.ctxlen = 1; /* at least one context line */
 		xpp.flags = 0;
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, checkdiff_consume, &data,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
+		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, checkdiff_consume, &data,
+				  &xpp, &xecfg))
+			die("unable to generate checkdiff for %s", one->path);
 
 		if (data.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
 			struct emit_callback ecbdata;
@@ -2355,12 +2617,9 @@ static void builtin_checkdiff(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
 
 struct diff_filespec *alloc_filespec(const char *path)
 {
-	int namelen = strlen(path);
-	struct diff_filespec *spec = xmalloc(sizeof(*spec) + namelen + 1);
+	struct diff_filespec *spec;
 
-	memset(spec, 0, sizeof(*spec));
-	spec->path = (char *)(spec + 1);
-	memcpy(spec->path, path, namelen+1);
+	FLEXPTR_ALLOC_STR(spec, path, path);
 	spec->count = 1;
 	spec->is_binary = -1;
 	return spec;
@@ -2375,12 +2634,12 @@ void free_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec)
 }
 
 void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		   unsigned short mode)
+		   int sha1_valid, unsigned short mode)
 {
 	if (mode) {
 		spec->mode = canon_mode(mode);
 		hashcpy(spec->sha1, sha1);
-		spec->sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(sha1);
+		spec->sha1_valid = sha1_valid;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2391,7 +2650,7 @@ void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec, const unsigned char *sha1,
  */
 static int reuse_worktree_file(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, int want_file)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct stat st;
 	int pos, len;
 
@@ -2453,39 +2712,23 @@ static int reuse_worktree_file(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, int
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int populate_from_stdin(struct diff_filespec *s)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	size_t size = 0;
-
-	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
-		return error("error while reading from stdin %s",
-				     strerror(errno));
-
-	s->should_munmap = 0;
-	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
-	s->size = size;
-	s->should_free = 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int diff_populate_gitlink(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 {
-	int len;
-	char *data = xmalloc(100), *dirty = "";
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *dirty = "";
 
 	/* Are we looking at the work tree? */
 	if (s->dirty_submodule)
 		dirty = "-dirty";
 
-	len = snprintf(data, 100,
-		       "Subproject commit %s%s\n", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1), dirty);
-	s->data = data;
-	s->size = len;
-	s->should_free = 1;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Subproject commit %s%s\n", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1), dirty);
+	s->size = buf.len;
 	if (size_only) {
 		s->data = NULL;
-		free(data);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	} else {
+		s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		s->should_free = 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2495,9 +2738,18 @@ static int diff_populate_gitlink(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
  * grab the data for the blob (or file) for our own in-core comparison.
  * diff_filespec has data and size fields for this purpose.
  */
-int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
+int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, unsigned int flags)
 {
+	int size_only = flags & CHECK_SIZE_ONLY;
 	int err = 0;
+	/*
+	 * demote FAIL to WARN to allow inspecting the situation
+	 * instead of refusing.
+	 */
+	enum safe_crlf crlf_warn = (safe_crlf == SAFE_CRLF_FAIL
+				    ? SAFE_CRLF_WARN
+				    : safe_crlf);
+
 	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(s))
 		die("internal error: asking to populate invalid file.");
 	if (S_ISDIR(s->mode))
@@ -2518,9 +2770,6 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		struct stat st;
 		int fd;
 
-		if (!strcmp(s->path, "-"))
-			return populate_from_stdin(s);
-
 		if (lstat(s->path, &st) < 0) {
 			if (errno == ENOENT) {
 			err_empty:
@@ -2546,6 +2795,11 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		}
 		if (size_only)
 			return 0;
+		if ((flags & CHECK_BINARY) &&
+		    s->size > big_file_threshold && s->is_binary == -1) {
+			s->is_binary = 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
 		fd = open(s->path, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd < 0)
 			goto err_empty;
@@ -2556,7 +2810,7 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		/*
 		 * Convert from working tree format to canonical git format
 		 */
-		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, safe_crlf)) {
+		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, crlf_warn)) {
 			size_t size = 0;
 			munmap(s->data, s->size);
 			s->should_munmap = 0;
@@ -2567,16 +2821,21 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 	}
 	else {
 		enum object_type type;
-		if (size_only) {
+		if (size_only || (flags & CHECK_BINARY)) {
 			type = sha1_object_info(s->sha1, &s->size);
 			if (type < 0)
 				die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1));
-		} else {
-			s->data = read_sha1_file(s->sha1, &type, &s->size);
-			if (!s->data)
-				die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1));
-			s->should_free = 1;
+			if (size_only)
+				return 0;
+			if (s->size > big_file_threshold && s->is_binary == -1) {
+				s->is_binary = 1;
+				return 0;
+			}
 		}
+		s->data = read_sha1_file(s->sha1, &type, &s->size);
+		if (!s->data)
+			die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1));
+		s->should_free = 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2617,8 +2876,7 @@ static void prep_temp_blob(const char *path, struct diff_tempfile *temp,
 	strbuf_addstr(&template, "XXXXXX_");
 	strbuf_addstr(&template, base);
 
-	fd = git_mkstemps(temp->tmp_path, PATH_MAX, template.buf,
-			strlen(base) + 1);
+	fd = mks_tempfile_ts(&temp->tempfile, template.buf, strlen(base) + 1);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno("unable to create temp-file");
 	if (convert_to_working_tree(path,
@@ -2628,11 +2886,10 @@ static void prep_temp_blob(const char *path, struct diff_tempfile *temp,
 	}
 	if (write_in_full(fd, blob, size) != size)
 		die_errno("unable to write temp-file");
-	close(fd);
-	temp->name = temp->tmp_path;
-	strcpy(temp->hex, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	temp->hex[40] = 0;
-	sprintf(temp->mode, "%06o", mode);
+	close_tempfile(&temp->tempfile);
+	temp->name = get_tempfile_path(&temp->tempfile);
+	sha1_to_hex_r(temp->hex, sha1);
+	xsnprintf(temp->mode, sizeof(temp->mode), "%06o", mode);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	strbuf_release(&template);
 	free(path_dup);
@@ -2649,19 +2906,14 @@ static struct diff_tempfile *prepare_temp_file(const char *name,
 		 * a '+' entry produces this for file-1.
 		 */
 		temp->name = "/dev/null";
-		strcpy(temp->hex, ".");
-		strcpy(temp->mode, ".");
+		xsnprintf(temp->hex, sizeof(temp->hex), ".");
+		xsnprintf(temp->mode, sizeof(temp->mode), ".");
 		return temp;
 	}
 
-	if (!remove_tempfile_installed) {
-		atexit(remove_tempfile);
-		sigchain_push_common(remove_tempfile_on_signal);
-		remove_tempfile_installed = 1;
-	}
-
-	if (!one->sha1_valid ||
-	    reuse_worktree_file(name, one->sha1, 1)) {
+	if (!S_ISGITLINK(one->mode) &&
+	    (!one->sha1_valid ||
+	     reuse_worktree_file(name, one->sha1, 1))) {
 		struct stat st;
 		if (lstat(name, &st) < 0) {
 			if (errno == ENOENT)
@@ -2683,16 +2935,16 @@ static struct diff_tempfile *prepare_temp_file(const char *name,
 			/* we can borrow from the file in the work tree */
 			temp->name = name;
 			if (!one->sha1_valid)
-				strcpy(temp->hex, sha1_to_hex(null_sha1));
+				sha1_to_hex_r(temp->hex, null_sha1);
 			else
-				strcpy(temp->hex, sha1_to_hex(one->sha1));
+				sha1_to_hex_r(temp->hex, one->sha1);
 			/* Even though we may sometimes borrow the
 			 * contents from the work tree, we always want
 			 * one->mode.  mode is trustworthy even when
 			 * !(one->sha1_valid), as long as
 			 * DIFF_FILE_VALID(one).
 			 */
-			sprintf(temp->mode, "%06o", one->mode);
+			xsnprintf(temp->mode, sizeof(temp->mode), "%06o", one->mode);
 		}
 		return temp;
 	}
@@ -2705,6 +2957,16 @@ static struct diff_tempfile *prepare_temp_file(const char *name,
 	return temp;
 }
 
+static void add_external_diff_name(struct argv_array *argv,
+				   const char *name,
+				   struct diff_filespec *df)
+{
+	struct diff_tempfile *temp = prepare_temp_file(name, df);
+	argv_array_push(argv, temp->name);
+	argv_array_push(argv, temp->hex);
+	argv_array_push(argv, temp->mode);
+}
+
 /* An external diff command takes:
  *
  * diff-cmd name infile1 infile1-sha1 infile1-mode \
@@ -2717,41 +2979,36 @@ static void run_external_diff(const char *pgm,
 			      struct diff_filespec *one,
 			      struct diff_filespec *two,
 			      const char *xfrm_msg,
-			      int complete_rewrite)
+			      int complete_rewrite,
+			      struct diff_options *o)
 {
-	const char *spawn_arg[10];
-	int retval;
-	const char **arg = &spawn_arg[0];
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct argv_array env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+
+	argv_array_push(&argv, pgm);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, name);
 
 	if (one && two) {
-		struct diff_tempfile *temp_one, *temp_two;
-		const char *othername = (other ? other : name);
-		temp_one = prepare_temp_file(name, one);
-		temp_two = prepare_temp_file(othername, two);
-		*arg++ = pgm;
-		*arg++ = name;
-		*arg++ = temp_one->name;
-		*arg++ = temp_one->hex;
-		*arg++ = temp_one->mode;
-		*arg++ = temp_two->name;
-		*arg++ = temp_two->hex;
-		*arg++ = temp_two->mode;
-		if (other) {
-			*arg++ = other;
-			*arg++ = xfrm_msg;
+		add_external_diff_name(&argv, name, one);
+		if (!other)
+			add_external_diff_name(&argv, name, two);
+		else {
+			add_external_diff_name(&argv, other, two);
+			argv_array_push(&argv, other);
+			argv_array_push(&argv, xfrm_msg);
 		}
-	} else {
-		*arg++ = pgm;
-		*arg++ = name;
 	}
-	*arg = NULL;
-	fflush(NULL);
-	retval = run_command_v_opt(spawn_arg, RUN_USING_SHELL);
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER=%d", ++o->diff_path_counter);
+	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL=%d", q->nr);
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv.argv, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env.argv))
+		die(_("external diff died, stopping at %s"), name);
+
 	remove_tempfile();
-	if (retval) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "external diff died, stopping at %s.\n", name);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	argv_array_clear(&env);
 }
 
 static int similarity_index(struct diff_filepair *p)
@@ -2771,14 +3028,9 @@ static void fill_metainfo(struct strbuf *msg,
 {
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	*must_show_header = 1;
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
 	strbuf_init(msg, PATH_MAX * 2 + 300);
 	switch (p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
@@ -2845,9 +3097,8 @@ static void run_diff_cmd(const char *pgm,
 	int complete_rewrite = (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) && p->score;
 	int must_show_header = 0;
 
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL))
-		pgm = NULL;
-	else {
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL)) {
 		struct userdiff_driver *drv = userdiff_find_by_path(attr_path);
 		if (drv && drv->external)
 			pgm = drv->external;
@@ -2866,7 +3117,7 @@ static void run_diff_cmd(const char *pgm,
 
 	if (pgm) {
 		run_external_diff(pgm, name, other, one, two, xfrm_msg,
-				  complete_rewrite);
+				  complete_rewrite, o);
 		return;
 	}
 	if (one && two)
@@ -2882,7 +3133,7 @@ static void diff_fill_sha1_info(struct diff_filespec *one)
 	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
 		if (!one->sha1_valid) {
 			struct stat st;
-			if (!strcmp(one->path, "-")) {
+			if (one->is_stdin) {
 				hashcpy(one->sha1, null_sha1);
 				return;
 			}
@@ -2927,6 +3178,9 @@ static void run_diff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
 	if (o->prefix_length)
 		strip_prefix(o->prefix_length, &name, &other);
 
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL))
+		pgm = NULL;
+
 	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
 		run_diff_cmd(pgm, name, NULL, attr_path,
 			     NULL, NULL, NULL, o, p);
@@ -2966,11 +3220,10 @@ static void run_diffstat(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
 {
 	const char *name;
 	const char *other;
-	int complete_rewrite = 0;
 
 	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
 		/* unmerged */
-		builtin_diffstat(p->one->path, NULL, NULL, NULL, diffstat, o, 0);
+		builtin_diffstat(p->one->path, NULL, NULL, NULL, diffstat, o, p);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2983,9 +3236,7 @@ static void run_diffstat(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
 	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->one);
 	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->two);
 
-	if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED && p->score)
-		complete_rewrite = 1;
-	builtin_diffstat(name, other, p->one, p->two, diffstat, o, complete_rewrite);
+	builtin_diffstat(name, other, p->one, p->two, diffstat, o, p);
 }
 
 static void run_checkdiff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
@@ -3022,12 +3273,20 @@ void diff_setup(struct diff_options *options)
 	options->break_opt = -1;
 	options->rename_limit = -1;
 	options->dirstat_permille = diff_dirstat_permille_default;
-	options->context = 3;
+	options->context = diff_context_default;
+	options->ws_error_highlight = WSEH_NEW;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RENAME_EMPTY);
 
+	/* pathchange left =NULL by default */
 	options->change = diff_change;
 	options->add_remove = diff_addremove;
 	options->use_color = diff_use_color_default;
 	options->detect_rename = diff_detect_rename_default;
+	options->xdl_opts |= diff_algorithm;
+	if (diff_compaction_heuristic)
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, COMPACTION_HEURISTIC);
+
+	options->orderfile = diff_order_file_cfg;
 
 	if (diff_no_prefix) {
 		options->a_prefix = options->b_prefix = "";
@@ -3037,10 +3296,13 @@ void diff_setup(struct diff_options *options)
 	}
 }
 
-int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
+void diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int count = 0;
 
+	if (options->set_default)
+		options->set_default(options);
+
 	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME)
 		count++;
 	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)
@@ -3137,7 +3399,10 @@ int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	options->diff_path_counter = 0;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && options->pathspec.nr != 1)
+		die(_("--follow requires exactly one pathspec"));
 }
 
 static int opt_arg(const char *arg, int arg_short, const char *arg_long, int *val)
@@ -3167,14 +3432,11 @@ static int opt_arg(const char *arg, int arg_short, const char *arg_long, int *va
 	if (c != '-')
 		return 0;
 	arg++;
-	eq = strchr(arg, '=');
-	if (eq)
-		len = eq - arg;
-	else
-		len = strlen(arg);
+	eq = strchrnul(arg, '=');
+	len = eq - arg;
 	if (!len || strncmp(arg, arg_long, len))
 		return 0;
-	if (eq) {
+	if (*eq) {
 		int n;
 		char *end;
 		if (!isdigit(*++eq))
@@ -3209,13 +3471,11 @@ int parse_long_opt(const char *opt, const char **argv,
 		   const char **optarg)
 {
 	const char *arg = argv[0];
-	if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] != '-')
+	if (!skip_prefix(arg, "--", &arg))
 		return 0;
-	arg += strlen("--");
-	if (prefixcmp(arg, opt))
+	if (!skip_prefix(arg, opt, &arg))
 		return 0;
-	arg += strlen(opt);
-	if (*arg == '=') { /* sticked form: --option=value */
+	if (*arg == '=') { /* stuck form: --option=value */
 		*optarg = arg + 1;
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -3234,16 +3494,17 @@ static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
 	char *end;
 	int width = options->stat_width;
 	int name_width = options->stat_name_width;
+	int graph_width = options->stat_graph_width;
 	int count = options->stat_count;
 	int argcount = 1;
 
-	arg += strlen("--stat");
+	if (!skip_prefix(arg, "--stat", &arg))
+		die("BUG: stat option does not begin with --stat: %s", arg);
 	end = (char *)arg;
 
 	switch (*arg) {
 	case '-':
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-width")) {
-			arg += strlen("-width");
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "-width", &arg)) {
 			if (*arg == '=')
 				width = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
 			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
@@ -3252,8 +3513,7 @@ static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
 				width = strtoul(av[1], &end, 10);
 				argcount = 2;
 			}
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-name-width")) {
-			arg += strlen("-name-width");
+		} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "-name-width", &arg)) {
 			if (*arg == '=')
 				name_width = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
 			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
@@ -3262,8 +3522,16 @@ static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
 				name_width = strtoul(av[1], &end, 10);
 				argcount = 2;
 			}
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-count")) {
-			arg += strlen("-count");
+		} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "-graph-width", &arg)) {
+			if (*arg == '=')
+				graph_width = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
+			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
+				die("Option '--stat-graph-width' requires a value");
+			else if (!*arg) {
+				graph_width = strtoul(av[1], &end, 10);
+				argcount = 2;
+			}
+		} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "-count", &arg)) {
 			if (*arg == '=')
 				count = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
 			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
@@ -3287,6 +3555,7 @@ static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
 		return 0;
 	options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
 	options->stat_name_width = name_width;
+	options->stat_graph_width = graph_width;
 	options->stat_width = width;
 	options->stat_count = count;
 	return argcount;
@@ -3307,62 +3576,193 @@ static int parse_dirstat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char *params)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
+static int parse_submodule_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
+{
+	if (parse_submodule_params(options, value))
+		die(_("Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"),
+			value);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static const char diff_status_letters[] = {
+	DIFF_STATUS_ADDED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_COPIED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_DELETED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN,
+	DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON,
+	DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN,
+	'\0',
+};
+
+static unsigned int filter_bit['Z' + 1];
+
+static void prepare_filter_bits(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!filter_bit[DIFF_STATUS_ADDED]) {
+		for (i = 0; diff_status_letters[i]; i++)
+			filter_bit[(int) diff_status_letters[i]] = (1 << i);
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned filter_bit_tst(char status, const struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	return opt->filter & filter_bit[(int) status];
+}
+
+static int parse_diff_filter_opt(const char *optarg, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int i, optch;
+
+	prepare_filter_bits();
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is a negation e.g. 'd' in the input, and we haven't
+	 * initialized the filter field with another --diff-filter, start
+	 * from full set of bits, except for AON.
+	 */
+	if (!opt->filter) {
+		for (i = 0; (optch = optarg[i]) != '\0'; i++) {
+			if (optch < 'a' || 'z' < optch)
+				continue;
+			opt->filter = (1 << (ARRAY_SIZE(diff_status_letters) - 1)) - 1;
+			opt->filter &= ~filter_bit[DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; (optch = optarg[i]) != '\0'; i++) {
+		unsigned int bit;
+		int negate;
+
+		if ('a' <= optch && optch <= 'z') {
+			negate = 1;
+			optch = toupper(optch);
+		} else {
+			negate = 0;
+		}
+
+		bit = (0 <= optch && optch <= 'Z') ? filter_bit[optch] : 0;
+		if (!bit)
+			return optarg[i];
+		if (negate)
+			opt->filter &= ~bit;
+		else
+			opt->filter |= bit;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void enable_patch_output(int *fmt) {
+	*fmt &= ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	*fmt |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+}
+
+static int parse_one_token(const char **arg, const char *token)
+{
+	const char *rest;
+	if (skip_prefix(*arg, token, &rest) && (!*rest || *rest == ',')) {
+		*arg = rest;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_ws_error_highlight(struct diff_options *opt, const char *arg)
+{
+	const char *orig_arg = arg;
+	unsigned val = 0;
+	while (*arg) {
+		if (parse_one_token(&arg, "none"))
+			val = 0;
+		else if (parse_one_token(&arg, "default"))
+			val = WSEH_NEW;
+		else if (parse_one_token(&arg, "all"))
+			val = WSEH_NEW | WSEH_OLD | WSEH_CONTEXT;
+		else if (parse_one_token(&arg, "new"))
+			val |= WSEH_NEW;
+		else if (parse_one_token(&arg, "old"))
+			val |= WSEH_OLD;
+		else if (parse_one_token(&arg, "context"))
+			val |= WSEH_CONTEXT;
+		else {
+			error("unknown value after ws-error-highlight=%.*s",
+			      (int)(arg - orig_arg), orig_arg);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (*arg)
+			arg++;
+	}
+	opt->ws_error_highlight = val;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options,
+		   const char **av, int ac, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char *arg = av[0];
 	const char *optarg;
 	int argcount;
 
+	if (!prefix)
+		prefix = "";
+
 	/* Output format options */
-	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-	else if (opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch")
+	    || opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--raw"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw")) {
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--shortstat"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-X") || !strcmp(arg, "--dirstat"))
 		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, "");
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-X"))
-		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg + 2);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--dirstat="))
-		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg + 10);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "-X", &arg))
+		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--dirstat=", &arg))
+		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cumulative"))
 		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, "cumulative");
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--dirstat-by-file"))
 		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, "files");
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--dirstat-by-file=")) {
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--dirstat-by-file=", &arg)) {
 		parse_dirstat_opt(options, "files");
-		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg + 18);
+		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg);
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--check"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--summary"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat")) {
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-status"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s") || !strcmp(arg, "--no-patch"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--stat"))
+	else if (starts_with(arg, "--stat"))
 		/* --stat, --stat-width, --stat-name-width, or --stat-count */
 		return stat_opt(options, av);
 
 	/* renames options */
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-B") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--break-rewrites=") ||
+	else if (starts_with(arg, "-B") || starts_with(arg, "--break-rewrites=") ||
 		 !strcmp(arg, "--break-rewrites")) {
 		if ((options->break_opt = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
 			return error("invalid argument to -B: %s", arg+2);
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-M") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--find-renames=") ||
+	else if (starts_with(arg, "-M") || starts_with(arg, "--find-renames=") ||
 		 !strcmp(arg, "--find-renames")) {
 		if ((options->rename_score = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
 			return error("invalid argument to -M: %s", arg+2);
@@ -3371,7 +3771,7 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-D") || !strcmp(arg, "--irreversible-delete")) {
 		options->irreversible_delete = 1;
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-C") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--find-copies=") ||
+	else if (starts_with(arg, "-C") || starts_with(arg, "--find-copies=") ||
 		 !strcmp(arg, "--find-copies")) {
 		if (options->detect_rename == DIFF_DETECT_COPY)
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
@@ -3381,11 +3781,15 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-renames"))
 		options->detect_rename = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--rename-empty"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RENAME_EMPTY);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-rename-empty"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, RENAME_EMPTY);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--relative"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RELATIVE_NAME);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--relative=")) {
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--relative=", &arg)) {
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RELATIVE_NAME);
-		options->prefix = arg + 11;
+		options->prefix = arg;
 	}
 
 	/* xdiff options */
@@ -3399,14 +3803,31 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-space-at-eol"))
 		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-blank-lines"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_BLANK_LINES);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--compaction-heuristic"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, COMPACTION_HEURISTIC);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-compaction-heuristic"))
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(options, COMPACTION_HEURISTIC);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patience"))
-		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, PATIENCE_DIFF);
+		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--histogram"))
-		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-algorithm", av, &optarg))) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(optarg);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return error("option diff-algorithm accepts \"myers\", "
+				     "\"minimal\", \"patience\" and \"histogram\"");
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(options, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		options->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		options->xdl_opts |= value;
+		return argcount;
+	}
 
 	/* flags options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--binary")) {
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, BINARY);
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-index"))
@@ -3419,10 +3840,13 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--follow"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--color"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-follow")) {
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DEFAULT_FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--color"))
 		options->use_color = 1;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--color=")) {
-		int value = git_config_colorbool(NULL, arg+8);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--color=", &arg)) {
+		int value = git_config_colorbool(NULL, arg);
 		if (value < 0)
 			return error("option `color' expects \"always\", \"auto\", or \"never\"");
 		options->use_color = value;
@@ -3433,29 +3857,28 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		options->use_color = 1;
 		options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_COLOR;
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--color-words=")) {
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--color-words=", &arg)) {
 		options->use_color = 1;
 		options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_COLOR;
-		options->word_regex = arg + 14;
+		options->word_regex = arg;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--word-diff")) {
 		if (options->word_diff == DIFF_WORDS_NONE)
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_PLAIN;
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--word-diff=")) {
-		const char *type = arg + 12;
-		if (!strcmp(type, "plain"))
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--word-diff=", &arg)) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "plain"))
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_PLAIN;
-		else if (!strcmp(type, "color")) {
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "color")) {
 			options->use_color = 1;
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_COLOR;
 		}
-		else if (!strcmp(type, "porcelain"))
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "porcelain"))
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_PORCELAIN;
-		else if (!strcmp(type, "none"))
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "none"))
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_NONE;
 		else
-			die("bad --word-diff argument: %s", type);
+			die("bad --word-diff argument: %s", arg);
 	}
 	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("word-diff-regex", av, &optarg))) {
 		if (options->word_diff == DIFF_WORDS_NONE)
@@ -3478,15 +3901,15 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules")) {
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, "all");
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules=")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--ignore-submodules=", &arg)) {
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
-		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, arg + 20);
+		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, arg);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--submodule"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--submodule=")) {
-		if (!strcmp(arg + 12, "log"))
-			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
-	}
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--submodule=", &arg))
+		return parse_submodule_opt(options, arg);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--ws-error-highlight=", &arg))
+		return parse_ws_error_highlight(options, arg);
 
 	/* misc options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-z"))
@@ -3509,17 +3932,21 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pickaxe-regex"))
 		options->pickaxe_opts |= DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX;
 	else if ((argcount = short_opt('O', av, &optarg))) {
-		options->orderfile = optarg;
+		const char *path = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), optarg);
+		options->orderfile = xstrdup(path);
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-filter", av, &optarg))) {
-		options->filter = optarg;
+		int offending = parse_diff_filter_opt(optarg, options);
+		if (offending)
+			die("unknown change class '%c' in --diff-filter=%s",
+			    offending, optarg);
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev"))
 		options->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
-		options->abbrev = strtoul(arg + 9, NULL, 10);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--abbrev=", &arg)) {
+		options->abbrev = strtoul(arg, NULL, 10);
 		if (options->abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
 			options->abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
 		else if (40 < options->abbrev)
@@ -3545,9 +3972,10 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-function-context"))
 		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, FUNCCONTEXT);
 	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("output", av, &optarg))) {
-		options->file = fopen(optarg, "w");
+		const char *path = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), optarg);
+		options->file = fopen(path, "w");
 		if (!options->file)
-			die_errno("Could not open '%s'", optarg);
+			die_errno("Could not open '%s'", path);
 		options->close_file = 1;
 		return argcount;
 	} else
@@ -3600,22 +4028,19 @@ static int diff_scoreopt_parse(const char *opt)
 	cmd = *opt++;
 	if (cmd == '-') {
 		/* convert the long-form arguments into short-form versions */
-		if (!prefixcmp(opt, "break-rewrites")) {
-			opt += strlen("break-rewrites");
+		if (skip_prefix(opt, "break-rewrites", &opt)) {
 			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
 				cmd = 'B';
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(opt, "find-copies")) {
-			opt += strlen("find-copies");
+		} else if (skip_prefix(opt, "find-copies", &opt)) {
 			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
 				cmd = 'C';
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(opt, "find-renames")) {
-			opt += strlen("find-renames");
+		} else if (skip_prefix(opt, "find-renames", &opt)) {
 			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
 				cmd = 'M';
 		}
 	}
 	if (cmd != 'M' && cmd != 'C' && cmd != 'B')
-		return -1; /* that is not a -M, -C nor -B option */
+		return -1; /* that is not a -M, -C, or -B option */
 
 	opt1 = parse_rename_score(&opt);
 	if (cmd != 'B')
@@ -3639,11 +4064,7 @@ struct diff_queue_struct diff_queued_diff;
 
 void diff_q(struct diff_queue_struct *queue, struct diff_filepair *dp)
 {
-	if (queue->alloc <= queue->nr) {
-		queue->alloc = alloc_nr(queue->alloc);
-		queue->queue = xrealloc(queue->queue,
-					sizeof(dp) * queue->alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(queue->queue, queue->nr + 1, queue->alloc);
 	queue->queue[queue->nr++] = dp;
 }
 
@@ -3681,9 +4102,9 @@ const char *diff_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int len)
 	if (abblen < 37) {
 		static char hex[41];
 		if (len < abblen && abblen <= len + 2)
-			sprintf(hex, "%s%.*s", abbrev, len+3-abblen, "..");
+			xsnprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "%s%.*s", abbrev, len+3-abblen, "..");
 		else
-			sprintf(hex, "%s...", abbrev);
+			xsnprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "%s...", abbrev);
 		return hex;
 	}
 	return sha1_to_hex(sha1);
@@ -3693,12 +4114,8 @@ static void diff_flush_raw(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	int line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	int inter_name_termination = line_termination ? '\t' : '\0';
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(opt->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
 
+	fprintf(opt->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(opt));
 	if (!(opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
 		fprintf(opt->file, ":%06o %06o %s ", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
 			diff_unique_abbrev(p->one->sha1, opt->abbrev));
@@ -3817,9 +4234,9 @@ void diff_debug_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int x, const char *one)
 		DIFF_FILE_VALID(s) ? "valid" : "invalid",
 		s->mode,
 		s->sha1_valid ? sha1_to_hex(s->sha1) : "");
-	fprintf(stderr, "queue[%d] %s size %lu flags %d\n",
+	fprintf(stderr, "queue[%d] %s size %lu\n",
 		x, one ? one : "",
-		s->size, s->xfrm_flags);
+		s->size);
 }
 
 void diff_debug_filepair(const struct diff_filepair *p, int i)
@@ -3968,12 +4385,7 @@ static void show_rename_copy(FILE *file, const char *renamecopy, struct diff_fil
 static void diff_summary(struct diff_options *opt, struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	FILE *file = opt->file;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *buf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = buf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	switch(p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
@@ -4027,7 +4439,7 @@ static void patch_id_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	int new_len;
 
 	/* Ignore line numbers when computing the SHA1 of the patch */
-	if (!prefixcmp(line, "@@ -"))
+	if (starts_with(line, "@@ -"))
 		return;
 
 	new_len = remove_space(line, len);
@@ -4119,8 +4531,10 @@ static int diff_get_patch_id(struct diff_options *options, unsigned char *sha1)
 		xpp.flags = 0;
 		xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
 		xecfg.flags = 0;
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, patch_id_consume, &data,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
+		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, patch_id_consume, &data,
+				  &xpp, &xecfg))
+			return error("unable to generate patch-id diff for %s",
+				     p->one->path);
 	}
 
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
@@ -4234,7 +4648,7 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 			show_stats(&diffstat, options);
 		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT)
 			show_shortstats(&diffstat, options);
-		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT)
+		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT && dirstat_by_line)
 			show_dirstat_by_line(&diffstat, options);
 		free_diffstat_info(&diffstat);
 		separator++;
@@ -4254,7 +4668,7 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 	    DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS)) {
 		/*
 		 * run diff_flush_patch for the exit status. setting
-		 * options->file to /dev/null should be safe, becaue we
+		 * options->file to /dev/null should be safe, because we
 		 * aren't supposed to produce any output anyway.
 		 */
 		if (options->close_file)
@@ -4274,7 +4688,9 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 
 	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 		if (separator) {
-			putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%c",
+				diff_line_prefix(options),
+				options->line_termination);
 			if (options->stat_sep) {
 				/* attach patch instead of inline */
 				fputs(options->stat_sep, options->file);
@@ -4312,27 +4728,32 @@ free_queue:
 	}
 }
 
-static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
+static int match_filter(const struct diff_options *options, const struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	return (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+		 ((p->score &&
+		   filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN, options)) ||
+		  (!p->score &&
+		   filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED, options)))) ||
+		((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+		 filter_bit_tst(p->status, options)));
+}
+
+static void diffcore_apply_filter(struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+
 	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
 
-	if (!filter)
+	if (!options->filter)
 		return;
 
-	if (strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON)) {
+	if (filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON, options)) {
 		int found;
 		for (i = found = 0; !found && i < q->nr; i++) {
-			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     ((p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
-			      (!p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
-			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+			if (match_filter(options, q->queue[i]))
 				found++;
 		}
 		if (found)
@@ -4350,14 +4771,7 @@ static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
 		/* Only the matching ones */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-
-			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     ((p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
-			      (!p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
-			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+			if (match_filter(options, p))
 				diff_q(&outq, p);
 			else
 				diff_free_filepair(p);
@@ -4380,6 +4794,38 @@ static int diff_filespec_is_identical(struct diff_filespec *one,
 	return !memcmp(one->data, two->data, one->size);
 }
 
+static int diff_filespec_check_stat_unmatch(struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	if (p->done_skip_stat_unmatch)
+		return p->skip_stat_unmatch_result;
+
+	p->done_skip_stat_unmatch = 1;
+	p->skip_stat_unmatch_result = 0;
+	/*
+	 * 1. Entries that come from stat info dirtiness
+	 *    always have both sides (iow, not create/delete),
+	 *    one side of the object name is unknown, with
+	 *    the same mode and size.  Keep the ones that
+	 *    do not match these criteria.  They have real
+	 *    differences.
+	 *
+	 * 2. At this point, the file is known to be modified,
+	 *    with the same mode and size, and the object
+	 *    name of one side is unknown.  Need to inspect
+	 *    the identical contents.
+	 */
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) || /* (1) */
+	    !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ||
+	    (p->one->sha1_valid && p->two->sha1_valid) ||
+	    (p->one->mode != p->two->mode) ||
+	    diff_populate_filespec(p->one, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY) ||
+	    diff_populate_filespec(p->two, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY) ||
+	    (p->one->size != p->two->size) ||
+	    !diff_filespec_is_identical(p->one, p->two)) /* (2) */
+		p->skip_stat_unmatch_result = 1;
+	return p->skip_stat_unmatch_result;
+}
+
 static void diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(struct diff_options *diffopt)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -4390,27 +4836,7 @@ static void diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(struct diff_options *diffopt)
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 
-		/*
-		 * 1. Entries that come from stat info dirtiness
-		 *    always have both sides (iow, not create/delete),
-		 *    one side of the object name is unknown, with
-		 *    the same mode and size.  Keep the ones that
-		 *    do not match these criteria.  They have real
-		 *    differences.
-		 *
-		 * 2. At this point, the file is known to be modified,
-		 *    with the same mode and size, and the object
-		 *    name of one side is unknown.  Need to inspect
-		 *    the identical contents.
-		 */
-		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) || /* (1) */
-		    !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ||
-		    (p->one->sha1_valid && p->two->sha1_valid) ||
-		    (p->one->mode != p->two->mode) ||
-		    diff_populate_filespec(p->one, 1) ||
-		    diff_populate_filespec(p->two, 1) ||
-		    (p->one->size != p->two->size) ||
-		    !diff_filespec_is_identical(p->one, p->two)) /* (2) */
+		if (diff_filespec_check_stat_unmatch(p))
 			diff_q(&outq, p);
 		else {
 			/*
@@ -4446,6 +4872,7 @@ void diffcore_fix_diff_index(struct diff_options *options)
 
 void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *options)
 {
+	/* NOTE please keep the following in sync with diff_tree_combined() */
 	if (options->skip_stat_unmatch)
 		diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(options);
 	if (!options->found_follow) {
@@ -4464,7 +4891,7 @@ void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *options)
 	if (!options->found_follow)
 		/* See try_to_follow_renames() in tree-diff.c */
 		diff_resolve_rename_copy();
-	diffcore_apply_filter(options->filter);
+	diffcore_apply_filter(options);
 
 	if (diff_queued_diff.nr && !DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
@@ -4478,7 +4905,7 @@ int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *opt, int status)
 {
 	int result = 0;
 
-	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renamelimit",
+	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renameLimit",
 			       opt->needed_rename_limit,
 			       opt->degraded_cc_to_c);
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
@@ -4521,6 +4948,7 @@ static int is_submodule_ignored(const char *path, struct diff_options *options)
 void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *concatpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
@@ -4552,9 +4980,9 @@ void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *options,
 	two = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
 
 	if (addremove != '+')
-		fill_filespec(one, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(one, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 	if (addremove != '-') {
-		fill_filespec(two, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(two, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 		two->dirty_submodule = dirty_submodule;
 	}
 
@@ -4567,10 +4995,12 @@ void diff_change(struct diff_options *options,
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *concatpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
 {
 	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
+	struct diff_filepair *p;
 
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(old_mode) && S_ISGITLINK(new_mode) &&
 	    is_submodule_ignored(concatpath, options))
@@ -4581,6 +5011,8 @@ void diff_change(struct diff_options *options,
 		const unsigned char *tmp_c;
 		tmp = old_mode; old_mode = new_mode; new_mode = tmp;
 		tmp_c = old_sha1; old_sha1 = new_sha1; new_sha1 = tmp_c;
+		tmp = old_sha1_valid; old_sha1_valid = new_sha1_valid;
+			new_sha1_valid = tmp;
 		tmp = old_dirty_submodule; old_dirty_submodule = new_dirty_submodule;
 			new_dirty_submodule = tmp;
 	}
@@ -4591,14 +5023,20 @@ void diff_change(struct diff_options *options,
 
 	one = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
 	two = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
-	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_mode);
-	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_mode);
+	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_sha1_valid, old_mode);
+	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_sha1_valid, new_mode);
 	one->dirty_submodule = old_dirty_submodule;
 	two->dirty_submodule = new_dirty_submodule;
+	p = diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
 
-	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
-		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
+		return;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, QUICK) && options->skip_stat_unmatch &&
+	    !diff_filespec_check_stat_unmatch(p))
+		return;
+
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
 }
 
 struct diff_filepair *diff_unmerge(struct diff_options *options, const char *path)
@@ -4623,7 +5061,7 @@ static char *run_textconv(const char *pgm, struct diff_filespec *spec,
 	struct diff_tempfile *temp;
 	const char *argv[3];
 	const char **arg = argv;
-	struct child_process child;
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -4632,7 +5070,6 @@ static char *run_textconv(const char *pgm, struct diff_filespec *spec,
 	*arg++ = temp->name;
 	*arg = NULL;
 
-	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
 	child.use_shell = 1;
 	child.argv = argv;
 	child.out = -1;
@@ -4661,7 +5098,7 @@ size_t fill_textconv(struct userdiff_driver *driver,
 {
 	size_t size;
 
-	if (!driver || !driver->textconv) {
+	if (!driver) {
 		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(df)) {
 			*outbuf = "";
 			return 0;
@@ -4672,6 +5109,9 @@ size_t fill_textconv(struct userdiff_driver *driver,
 		return df->size;
 	}
 
+	if (!driver->textconv)
+		die("BUG: fill_textconv called with non-textconv driver");
+
 	if (driver->textconv_cache && df->sha1_valid) {
 		*outbuf = notes_cache_get(driver->textconv_cache, df->sha1,
 					  &size);
@@ -4698,3 +5138,19 @@ size_t fill_textconv(struct userdiff_driver *driver,
 
 	return size;
 }
+
+void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If the user asked for our exit code, then either they want --quiet
+	 * or --exit-code. We should definitely not bother with a pager in the
+	 * former case, as we will generate no output. Since we still properly
+	 * report our exit code even when a pager is run, we _could_ run a
+	 * pager with --exit-code. But since we have not done so historically,
+	 * and because it is easy to find people oneline advising "git diff
+	 * --exit-code" in hooks and other scripts, we do not do so.
+	 */
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
+	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
+		setup_pager();
+}
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index 0c51724493..125447be09 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #define DIFF_H
 
 #include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "object.h"
 
 struct rev_info;
 struct diff_options;
@@ -12,17 +14,25 @@ struct diff_queue_struct;
 struct strbuf;
 struct diff_filespec;
 struct userdiff_driver;
+struct sha1_array;
+struct commit;
+struct combine_diff_path;
+
+typedef int (*pathchange_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
+		 struct combine_diff_path *path);
 
 typedef void (*change_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *fullpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule);
 
 typedef void (*add_remove_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule);
 
 typedef void (*diff_format_fn_t)(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
@@ -58,7 +68,7 @@ typedef struct strbuf *(*diff_prefix_fn_t)(struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 #define DIFF_OPT_SILENT_ON_REMOVE    (1 <<  5)
 #define DIFF_OPT_FIND_COPIES_HARDER  (1 <<  6)
 #define DIFF_OPT_FOLLOW_RENAMES      (1 <<  7)
-/* (1 <<  8) unused */
+#define DIFF_OPT_RENAME_EMPTY        (1 <<  8)
 /* (1 <<  9) unused */
 #define DIFF_OPT_HAS_CHANGES         (1 << 10)
 #define DIFF_OPT_QUICK               (1 << 11)
@@ -80,14 +90,19 @@ typedef struct strbuf *(*diff_prefix_fn_t)(struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 #define DIFF_OPT_OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG (1 << 27)
 #define DIFF_OPT_DIRSTAT_BY_LINE     (1 << 28)
 #define DIFF_OPT_FUNCCONTEXT         (1 << 29)
+#define DIFF_OPT_PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE (1 << 30)
+#define DIFF_OPT_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_RENAMES (1U << 31)
 
 #define DIFF_OPT_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags & DIFF_OPT_##flag)
-#define DIFF_OPT_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag)
-#define DIFF_OPT_CLR(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags &= ~DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_OPT_TOUCHED(opts, flag)    ((opts)->touched_flags & DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_OPT_SET(opts, flag)    (((opts)->flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag),((opts)->touched_flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag))
+#define DIFF_OPT_CLR(opts, flag)    (((opts)->flags &= ~DIFF_OPT_##flag),((opts)->touched_flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag))
 #define DIFF_XDL_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts & XDF_##flag)
 #define DIFF_XDL_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts |= XDF_##flag)
 #define DIFF_XDL_CLR(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_##flag)
 
+#define DIFF_WITH_ALG(opts, flag)   (((opts)->xdl_opts & ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK) | XDF_##flag)
+
 enum diff_words_type {
 	DIFF_WORDS_NONE = 0,
 	DIFF_WORDS_PORCELAIN,
@@ -96,12 +111,16 @@ enum diff_words_type {
 };
 
 struct diff_options {
-	const char *filter;
 	const char *orderfile;
 	const char *pickaxe;
 	const char *single_follow;
 	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
 	unsigned flags;
+	unsigned touched_flags;
+
+	/* diff-filter bits */
+	unsigned int filter;
+
 	int use_color;
 	int context;
 	int interhunkcontext;
@@ -120,6 +139,11 @@ struct diff_options {
 	int dirstat_permille;
 	int setup;
 	int abbrev;
+/* white-space error highlighting */
+#define WSEH_NEW 1
+#define WSEH_CONTEXT 2
+#define WSEH_OLD 4
+	unsigned ws_error_highlight;
 	const char *prefix;
 	int prefix_length;
 	const char *stat_sep;
@@ -127,6 +151,7 @@ struct diff_options {
 
 	int stat_width;
 	int stat_name_width;
+	int stat_graph_width;
 	int stat_count;
 	const char *word_regex;
 	enum diff_words_type word_diff;
@@ -137,21 +162,27 @@ struct diff_options {
 	/* to support internal diff recursion by --follow hack*/
 	int found_follow;
 
+	void (*set_default)(struct diff_options *);
+
 	FILE *file;
 	int close_file;
 
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	pathchange_fn_t pathchange;
 	change_fn_t change;
 	add_remove_fn_t add_remove;
 	diff_format_fn_t format_callback;
 	void *format_callback_data;
 	diff_prefix_fn_t output_prefix;
+	int output_prefix_length;
 	void *output_prefix_data;
+
+	int diff_path_counter;
 };
 
 enum color_diff {
 	DIFF_RESET = 0,
-	DIFF_PLAIN = 1,
+	DIFF_CONTEXT = 1,
 	DIFF_METAINFO = 2,
 	DIFF_FRAGINFO = 3,
 	DIFF_FILE_OLD = 4,
@@ -165,12 +196,15 @@ const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix);
 	diff_get_color((o)->use_color, ix)
 
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *);
+
+
 extern const char mime_boundary_leader[];
 
-extern void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **paths, struct diff_options *);
-extern void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *);
-extern int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
-		     const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+extern struct combine_diff_path *diff_tree_paths(
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const unsigned char **parent_sha1, int nparent,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 extern int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
 			  const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 extern int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base,
@@ -178,26 +212,25 @@ extern int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base,
 
 struct combine_diff_path {
 	struct combine_diff_path *next;
-	int len;
 	char *path;
 	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	struct combine_diff_parent {
 		char status;
 		unsigned int mode;
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_id oid;
 	} parent[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 #define combine_diff_path_size(n, l) \
-	(sizeof(struct combine_diff_path) + \
-	 sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent) * (n) + (l) + 1)
+	st_add4(sizeof(struct combine_diff_path), (l), 1, \
+		st_mult(sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent), (n)))
 
 extern void show_combined_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 			      int dense, struct rev_info *);
 
-extern void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char parent[][20], int num_parent, int dense, struct rev_info *rev);
+extern void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1, const struct sha1_array *parents, int dense, struct rev_info *rev);
 
-extern void diff_tree_combined_merge(const unsigned char *sha1, int, struct rev_info *);
+extern void diff_tree_combined_merge(const struct commit *commit, int dense, struct rev_info *rev);
 
 void diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(struct diff_options *options, const char *a, const char *b);
 
@@ -207,12 +240,15 @@ extern void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *,
 			   int addremove,
 			   unsigned mode,
 			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   int sha1_valid,
 			   const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule);
 
 extern void diff_change(struct diff_options *,
 			unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2,
 			const unsigned char *sha1,
 			const unsigned char *sha2,
+			int sha1_valid,
+			int sha2_valid,
 			const char *fullpath,
 			unsigned dirty_submodule1, unsigned dirty_submodule2);
 
@@ -223,18 +259,18 @@ extern struct diff_filepair *diff_unmerge(struct diff_options *, const char *pat
 #define DIFF_SETUP_USE_SIZE_CACHE	4
 
 /*
- * Poor man's alternative to parse-option, to allow both sticked form
+ * Poor man's alternative to parse-option, to allow both stuck form
  * (--option=value) and separate form (--option value).
  */
 extern int parse_long_opt(const char *opt, const char **argv,
 			 const char **optarg);
 
 extern int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+extern void init_diff_ui_defaults(void);
 extern int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
-extern int diff_use_color_default;
 extern void diff_setup(struct diff_options *);
-extern int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *, const char **, int);
-extern int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *);
+extern int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *, const char **, int, const char *);
+extern void diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *);
 
 #define DIFF_DETECT_RENAME	1
 #define DIFF_DETECT_COPY	2
@@ -310,16 +346,38 @@ extern int diff_flush_patch_id(struct diff_options *, unsigned char *);
 
 extern int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *, int);
 
-extern void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *, int, const char **, int, const char *);
+extern void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *, int, const char **);
 
 extern int index_differs_from(const char *def, int diff_flags);
 
+/*
+ * Fill the contents of the filespec "df", respecting any textconv defined by
+ * its userdiff driver.  The "driver" parameter must come from a
+ * previous call to get_textconv(), and therefore should either be NULL or have
+ * textconv enabled.
+ *
+ * Note that the memory ownership of the resulting buffer depends on whether
+ * the driver field is NULL. If it is, then the memory belongs to the filespec
+ * struct. If it is non-NULL, then "outbuf" points to a newly allocated buffer
+ * that should be freed by the caller.
+ */
 extern size_t fill_textconv(struct userdiff_driver *driver,
 			    struct diff_filespec *df,
 			    char **outbuf);
 
+/*
+ * Look up the userdiff driver for the given filespec, and return it if
+ * and only if it has textconv enabled (otherwise return NULL). The result
+ * can be passed to fill_textconv().
+ */
 extern struct userdiff_driver *get_textconv(struct diff_filespec *one);
 
 extern int parse_rename_score(const char **cp_p);
 
+extern long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value);
+
+extern int print_stat_summary(FILE *fp, int files,
+			      int insertions, int deletions);
+extern void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *);
+
 #endif /* DIFF_H */
diff --git a/diffcore-break.c b/diffcore-break.c
index 44f8678d22..5473493e10 100644
--- a/diffcore-break.c
+++ b/diffcore-break.c
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ static int should_break(struct diff_filespec *src,
 	if (max_size < MINIMUM_BREAK_SIZE)
 		return 0; /* we do not break too small filepair */
 
+	if (!src->size)
+		return 0; /* we do not let empty files get renamed */
+
 	if (diffcore_count_changes(src, dst,
 				   &src->cnt_data, &dst->cnt_data,
 				   0,
@@ -243,6 +246,13 @@ static void merge_broken(struct diff_filepair *p,
 
 	dp = diff_queue(outq, d->one, c->two);
 	dp->score = p->score;
+	/*
+	 * We will be one extra user of the same src side of the
+	 * broken pair, if it was used as the rename source for other
+	 * paths elsewhere.  Increment to mark that the path stays
+	 * in the resulting tree.
+	 */
+	d->one->rename_used++;
 	diff_free_filespec_data(d->two);
 	diff_free_filespec_data(c->one);
 	free(d);
diff --git a/diffcore-delta.c b/diffcore-delta.c
index 7cf431d261..4159748a70 100644
--- a/diffcore-delta.c
+++ b/diffcore-delta.c
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ static struct spanhash_top *spanhash_rehash(struct spanhash_top *orig)
 	int osz = 1 << orig->alloc_log2;
 	int sz = osz << 1;
 
-	new = xmalloc(sizeof(*orig) + sizeof(struct spanhash) * sz);
+	new = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(*orig),
+			     st_mult(sizeof(struct spanhash), sz)));
 	new->alloc_log2 = orig->alloc_log2 + 1;
 	new->free = INITIAL_FREE(new->alloc_log2);
 	memset(new->data, 0, sizeof(struct spanhash) * sz);
@@ -130,7 +131,8 @@ static struct spanhash_top *hash_chars(struct diff_filespec *one)
 	int is_text = !diff_filespec_is_binary(one);
 
 	i = INITIAL_HASH_SIZE;
-	hash = xmalloc(sizeof(*hash) + sizeof(struct spanhash) * (1<<i));
+	hash = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(*hash),
+			      st_mult(sizeof(struct spanhash), 1<<i)));
 	hash->alloc_log2 = i;
 	hash->free = INITIAL_FREE(i);
 	memset(hash->data, 0, sizeof(struct spanhash) * (1<<i));
diff --git a/diffcore-order.c b/diffcore-order.c
index 23e93852d8..69d41f7a57 100644
--- a/diffcore-order.c
+++ b/diffcore-order.c
@@ -10,28 +10,21 @@ static int order_cnt;
 
 static void prepare_order(const char *orderfile)
 {
-	int fd, cnt, pass;
+	int cnt, pass;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	void *map;
 	char *cp, *endp;
-	struct stat st;
-	size_t sz;
+	ssize_t sz;
 
 	if (order)
 		return;
 
-	fd = open(orderfile, O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		return;
-	if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
-		close(fd);
-		return;
-	}
-	sz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
-	map = mmap(NULL, sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-	close(fd);
-	if (map == MAP_FAILED)
-		return;
+	sz = strbuf_read_file(&sb, orderfile, 0);
+	if (sz < 0)
+		die_errno(_("failed to read orderfile '%s'"), orderfile);
+	map = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 	endp = (char *) map + sz;
+
 	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
 		cnt = 0;
 		cp = map;
@@ -59,29 +52,24 @@ static void prepare_order(const char *orderfile)
 		}
 		if (pass == 0) {
 			order_cnt = cnt;
-			order = xmalloc(sizeof(*order) * cnt);
+			ALLOC_ARRAY(order, cnt);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-struct pair_order {
-	struct diff_filepair *pair;
-	int orig_order;
-	int order;
-};
-
 static int match_order(const char *path)
 {
 	int i;
-	char p[PATH_MAX];
+	static struct strbuf p = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < order_cnt; i++) {
-		strcpy(p, path);
-		while (p[0]) {
+		strbuf_reset(&p);
+		strbuf_addstr(&p, path);
+		while (p.buf[0]) {
 			char *cp;
-			if (!fnmatch(order[i], p, 0))
+			if (!wildmatch(order[i], p.buf, 0, NULL))
 				return i;
-			cp = strrchr(p, '/');
+			cp = strrchr(p.buf, '/');
 			if (!cp)
 				break;
 			*cp = 0;
@@ -90,35 +78,54 @@ static int match_order(const char *path)
 	return order_cnt;
 }
 
-static int compare_pair_order(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+static int compare_objs_order(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 {
-	struct pair_order const *a, *b;
-	a = (struct pair_order const *)a_;
-	b = (struct pair_order const *)b_;
+	struct obj_order const *a, *b;
+	a = (struct obj_order const *)a_;
+	b = (struct obj_order const *)b_;
 	if (a->order != b->order)
 		return a->order - b->order;
 	return a->orig_order - b->orig_order;
 }
 
+void order_objects(const char *orderfile, obj_path_fn_t obj_path,
+		   struct obj_order *objs, int nr)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!nr)
+		return;
+
+	prepare_order(orderfile);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		objs[i].orig_order = i;
+		objs[i].order = match_order(obj_path(objs[i].obj));
+	}
+	qsort(objs, nr, sizeof(*objs), compare_objs_order);
+}
+
+static const char *pair_pathtwo(void *obj)
+{
+	struct diff_filepair *pair = (struct diff_filepair *)obj;
+
+	return pair->two->path;
+}
+
 void diffcore_order(const char *orderfile)
 {
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
-	struct pair_order *o;
+	struct obj_order *o;
 	int i;
 
 	if (!q->nr)
 		return;
 
-	o = xmalloc(sizeof(*o) * q->nr);
-	prepare_order(orderfile);
-	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
-		o[i].pair = q->queue[i];
-		o[i].orig_order = i;
-		o[i].order = match_order(o[i].pair->two->path);
-	}
-	qsort(o, q->nr, sizeof(*o), compare_pair_order);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(o, q->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+		o[i].obj = q->queue[i];
+	order_objects(orderfile, pair_pathtwo, o, q->nr);
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
-		q->queue[i] = o[i].pair;
+		q->queue[i] = o[i].obj;
 	free(o);
 	return;
 }
diff --git a/diffcore-pickaxe.c b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
index 380a837b5b..7715c13ec4 100644
--- a/diffcore-pickaxe.c
+++ b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
@@ -8,45 +8,9 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "kwset.h"
 
-typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
-
-static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
-		    regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
-
-	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
-
-	if (o->pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL) {
-		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
-		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
-			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
-				return; /* do not munge the queue */
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise we will clear the whole queue by copying
-		 * the empty outq at the end of this function, but
-		 * first clear the current entries in the queue.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
-			diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
-	} else {
-		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
-		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
-			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
-				diff_q(&outq, p);
-			else
-				diff_free_filepair(p);
-		}
-	}
-
-	free(q->queue);
-	*q = outq;
-}
+typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			  struct diff_options *o,
+			  regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
 
 struct diffgrep_cb {
 	regex_t *regexp;
@@ -74,98 +38,43 @@ static void diffgrep_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	line[len] = hold;
 }
 
-static void fill_one(struct diff_filespec *one,
-		     mmfile_t *mf, struct userdiff_driver **textconv)
-{
-	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
-		*textconv = get_textconv(one);
-		mf->size = fill_textconv(*textconv, one, &mf->ptr);
-	} else {
-		memset(mf, 0, sizeof(*mf));
-	}
-}
-
-static int diff_grep(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int diff_grep(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		     struct diff_options *o,
 		     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	regmatch_t regmatch;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
-	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
-	int hit;
-
-	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+	struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+
+	if (!one)
+		return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+	if (!two)
+		return !regexec(regexp, one->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
+	 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
+	 */
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
+	ecbdata.hit = 0;
+	xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
+	xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
+	if (xdi_diff_outf(one, two, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata, &xpp, &xecfg))
 		return 0;
-
-	fill_one(p->one, &mf1, &textconv_one);
-	fill_one(p->two, &mf2, &textconv_two);
-
-	if (!mf1.ptr) {
-		if (!mf2.ptr)
-			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created "two" -- does it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, p->two->data, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else if (!mf2.ptr) {
-		/* removed "one" -- did it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, p->one->data, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
-		 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
-		 */
-		struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
-		xpparam_t xpp;
-		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
-
-		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-		ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
-		ecbdata.hit = 0;
-		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
-		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
-		hit = ecbdata.hit;
-	}
-	if (textconv_one)
-		free(mf1.ptr);
-	if (textconv_two)
-		free(mf2.ptr);
-	return hit;
-}
-
-static void diffcore_pickaxe_grep(struct diff_options *o)
-{
-	int err;
-	regex_t regex;
-
-	err = regcomp(&regex, o->pickaxe, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE);
-	if (err) {
-		char errbuf[1024];
-		regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
-		regfree(&regex);
-		die("invalid log-grep regex: %s", errbuf);
-	}
-
-	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, &regex, NULL, diff_grep);
-
-	regfree(&regex);
-	return;
+	return ecbdata.hit;
 }
 
-static unsigned int contains(struct diff_filespec *one, struct diff_options *o,
-			     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
+static unsigned int contains(mmfile_t *mf, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	unsigned int cnt;
 	unsigned long sz;
 	const char *data;
-	if (!o->pickaxe[0])
-		return 0;
-	if (diff_populate_filespec(one, 0))
-		return 0;
 
-	sz = one->size;
-	data = one->data;
+	sz = mf->size;
+	data = mf->ptr;
 	cnt = 0;
 
 	if (regexp) {
@@ -185,77 +94,145 @@ static unsigned int contains(struct diff_filespec *one, struct diff_options *o,
 		while (sz) {
 			struct kwsmatch kwsm;
 			size_t offset = kwsexec(kws, data, sz, &kwsm);
-			const char *found;
 			if (offset == -1)
 				break;
-			else
-				found = data + offset;
-			sz -= found - data + kwsm.size[0];
-			data = found + kwsm.size[0];
+			sz -= offset + kwsm.size[0];
+			data += offset + kwsm.size[0];
 			cnt++;
 		}
 	}
-	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
 	return cnt;
 }
 
-static int has_changes(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int has_changes(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		       struct diff_options *o,
 		       regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
-	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
-		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
-			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created */
-		return contains(p->two, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
+	unsigned int one_contains = one ? contains(one, regexp, kws) : 0;
+	unsigned int two_contains = two ? contains(two, regexp, kws) : 0;
+	return one_contains != two_contains;
+}
+
+static int pickaxe_match(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
+	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!o->pickaxe[0])
+		return 0;
+
+	/* ignore unmerged */
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_TEXTCONV)) {
+		textconv_one = get_textconv(p->one);
+		textconv_two = get_textconv(p->two);
 	}
-	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
-		return contains(p->one, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
-	if (!diff_unmodified_pair(p)) {
-		return contains(p->one, o, regexp, kws) !=
-		       contains(p->two, o, regexp, kws);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have an unmodified pair, we know that the count will be the
+	 * same and don't even have to load the blobs. Unless textconv is in
+	 * play, _and_ we are using two different textconv filters (e.g.,
+	 * because a pair is an exact rename with different textconv attributes
+	 * for each side, which might generate different content).
+	 */
+	if (textconv_one == textconv_two && diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+		return 0;
+
+	mf1.size = fill_textconv(textconv_one, p->one, &mf1.ptr);
+	mf2.size = fill_textconv(textconv_two, p->two, &mf2.ptr);
+
+	ret = fn(DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) ? &mf1 : NULL,
+		 DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ? &mf2 : NULL,
+		 o, regexp, kws);
+
+	if (textconv_one)
+		free(mf1.ptr);
+	if (textconv_two)
+		free(mf2.ptr);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
+		    regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
+
+	if (o->pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL) {
+		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
+				return; /* do not munge the queue */
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise we will clear the whole queue by copying
+		 * the empty outq at the end of this function, but
+		 * first clear the current entries in the queue.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+			diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
+	} else {
+		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+		}
 	}
-	return 0;
+
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
 }
 
-static void diffcore_pickaxe_count(struct diff_options *o)
+void diffcore_pickaxe(struct diff_options *o)
 {
 	const char *needle = o->pickaxe;
 	int opts = o->pickaxe_opts;
-	unsigned long len = strlen(needle);
 	regex_t regex, *regexp = NULL;
 	kwset_t kws = NULL;
 
-	if (opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX) {
+	if (opts & (DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX | DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G)) {
 		int err;
-		err = regcomp(&regex, needle, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE);
+		int cflags = REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE;
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE))
+			cflags |= REG_ICASE;
+		err = regcomp(&regex, needle, cflags);
 		if (err) {
 			/* The POSIX.2 people are surely sick */
 			char errbuf[1024];
 			regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
 			regfree(&regex);
-			die("invalid pickaxe regex: %s", errbuf);
+			die("invalid regex: %s", errbuf);
 		}
 		regexp = &regex;
 	} else {
-		kws = kwsalloc(NULL);
-		kwsincr(kws, needle, len);
+		kws = kwsalloc(DIFF_OPT_TST(o, PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE)
+			       ? tolower_trans_tbl : NULL);
+		kwsincr(kws, needle, strlen(needle));
 		kwsprep(kws);
 	}
 
-	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, regexp, kws, has_changes);
+	/* Might want to warn when both S and G are on; I don't care... */
+	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, regexp, kws,
+		(opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G) ? diff_grep : has_changes);
 
-	if (opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX)
-		regfree(&regex);
+	if (regexp)
+		regfree(regexp);
 	else
 		kwsfree(kws);
 	return;
 }
-
-void diffcore_pickaxe(struct diff_options *o)
-{
-	/* Might want to warn when both S and G are on; I don't care... */
-	if (o->pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G)
-		diffcore_pickaxe_grep(o);
-	else
-		diffcore_pickaxe_count(o);
-}
diff --git a/diffcore-rename.c b/diffcore-rename.c
index f639601c76..7f03eb5a04 100644
--- a/diffcore-rename.c
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "diffcore.h"
-#include "hash.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
 #include "progress.h"
 
 /* Table of rename/copy destinations */
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ static struct diff_rename_dst {
 } *rename_dst;
 static int rename_dst_nr, rename_dst_alloc;
 
-static struct diff_rename_dst *locate_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two,
-						 int insert_ok)
+static int find_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two)
 {
 	int first, last;
 
@@ -27,30 +26,43 @@ static struct diff_rename_dst *locate_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two,
 		struct diff_rename_dst *dst = &(rename_dst[next]);
 		int cmp = strcmp(two->path, dst->two->path);
 		if (!cmp)
-			return dst;
+			return next;
 		if (cmp < 0) {
 			last = next;
 			continue;
 		}
 		first = next+1;
 	}
-	/* not found */
-	if (!insert_ok)
-		return NULL;
+	return -first - 1;
+}
+
+static struct diff_rename_dst *locate_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	int ofs = find_rename_dst(two);
+	return ofs < 0 ? NULL : &rename_dst[ofs];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 if we found a duplicate.
+ */
+static int add_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	int first = find_rename_dst(two);
+
+	if (first >= 0)
+		return -1;
+	first = -first - 1;
+
 	/* insert to make it at "first" */
-	if (rename_dst_alloc <= rename_dst_nr) {
-		rename_dst_alloc = alloc_nr(rename_dst_alloc);
-		rename_dst = xrealloc(rename_dst,
-				      rename_dst_alloc * sizeof(*rename_dst));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(rename_dst, rename_dst_nr + 1, rename_dst_alloc);
 	rename_dst_nr++;
 	if (first < rename_dst_nr)
 		memmove(rename_dst + first + 1, rename_dst + first,
 			(rename_dst_nr - first - 1) * sizeof(*rename_dst));
 	rename_dst[first].two = alloc_filespec(two->path);
-	fill_filespec(rename_dst[first].two, two->sha1, two->mode);
+	fill_filespec(rename_dst[first].two, two->sha1, two->sha1_valid, two->mode);
 	rename_dst[first].pair = NULL;
-	return &(rename_dst[first]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /* Table of rename/copy src files */
@@ -82,11 +94,7 @@ static struct diff_rename_src *register_rename_src(struct diff_filepair *p)
 	}
 
 	/* insert to make it at "first" */
-	if (rename_src_alloc <= rename_src_nr) {
-		rename_src_alloc = alloc_nr(rename_src_alloc);
-		rename_src = xrealloc(rename_src,
-				      rename_src_alloc * sizeof(*rename_src));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(rename_src, rename_src_nr + 1, rename_src_alloc);
 	rename_src_nr++;
 	if (first < rename_src_nr)
 		memmove(rename_src + first + 1, rename_src + first,
@@ -155,9 +163,11 @@ static int estimate_similarity(struct diff_filespec *src,
 	 * is a possible size - we really should have a flag to
 	 * say whether the size is valid or not!)
 	 */
-	if (!src->cnt_data && diff_populate_filespec(src, 1))
+	if (!src->cnt_data &&
+	    diff_populate_filespec(src, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY))
 		return 0;
-	if (!dst->cnt_data && diff_populate_filespec(dst, 1))
+	if (!dst->cnt_data &&
+	    diff_populate_filespec(dst, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY))
 		return 0;
 
 	max_size = ((src->size > dst->size) ? src->size : dst->size);
@@ -243,137 +253,79 @@ static int score_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 }
 
 struct file_similarity {
-	int src_dst, index;
+	struct hashmap_entry entry;
+	int index;
 	struct diff_filespec *filespec;
-	struct file_similarity *next;
 };
 
-static int find_identical_files(struct file_similarity *src,
-				struct file_similarity *dst,
+static unsigned int hash_filespec(struct diff_filespec *filespec)
+{
+	if (!filespec->sha1_valid) {
+		if (diff_populate_filespec(filespec, 0))
+			return 0;
+		hash_sha1_file(filespec->data, filespec->size, "blob", filespec->sha1);
+	}
+	return sha1hash(filespec->sha1);
+}
+
+static int find_identical_files(struct hashmap *srcs,
+				int dst_index,
 				struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int renames = 0;
 
+	struct diff_filespec *target = rename_dst[dst_index].two;
+	struct file_similarity *p, *best = NULL;
+	int i = 100, best_score = -1;
+
 	/*
-	 * Walk over all the destinations ...
+	 * Find the best source match for specified destination.
 	 */
-	do {
-		struct diff_filespec *target = dst->filespec;
-		struct file_similarity *p, *best;
-		int i = 100, best_score = -1;
-
-		/*
-		 * .. to find the best source match
-		 */
-		best = NULL;
-		for (p = src; p; p = p->next) {
-			int score;
-			struct diff_filespec *source = p->filespec;
-
-			/* False hash collision? */
-			if (hashcmp(source->sha1, target->sha1))
-				continue;
-			/* Non-regular files? If so, the modes must match! */
-			if (!S_ISREG(source->mode) || !S_ISREG(target->mode)) {
-				if (source->mode != target->mode)
-					continue;
-			}
-			/* Give higher scores to sources that haven't been used already */
-			score = !source->rename_used;
-			if (source->rename_used && options->detect_rename != DIFF_DETECT_COPY)
-				continue;
-			score += basename_same(source, target);
-			if (score > best_score) {
-				best = p;
-				best_score = score;
-				if (score == 2)
-					break;
-			}
+	p = hashmap_get_from_hash(srcs, hash_filespec(target), NULL);
+	for (; p; p = hashmap_get_next(srcs, p)) {
+		int score;
+		struct diff_filespec *source = p->filespec;
 
-			/* Too many identical alternatives? Pick one */
-			if (!--i)
-				break;
+		/* False hash collision? */
+		if (hashcmp(source->sha1, target->sha1))
+			continue;
+		/* Non-regular files? If so, the modes must match! */
+		if (!S_ISREG(source->mode) || !S_ISREG(target->mode)) {
+			if (source->mode != target->mode)
+				continue;
 		}
-		if (best) {
-			record_rename_pair(dst->index, best->index, MAX_SCORE);
-			renames++;
+		/* Give higher scores to sources that haven't been used already */
+		score = !source->rename_used;
+		if (source->rename_used && options->detect_rename != DIFF_DETECT_COPY)
+			continue;
+		score += basename_same(source, target);
+		if (score > best_score) {
+			best = p;
+			best_score = score;
+			if (score == 2)
+				break;
 		}
-	} while ((dst = dst->next) != NULL);
-	return renames;
-}
 
-static void free_similarity_list(struct file_similarity *p)
-{
-	while (p) {
-		struct file_similarity *entry = p;
-		p = p->next;
-		free(entry);
+		/* Too many identical alternatives? Pick one */
+		if (!--i)
+			break;
 	}
-}
-
-static int find_same_files(void *ptr, void *data)
-{
-	int ret;
-	struct file_similarity *p = ptr;
-	struct file_similarity *src = NULL, *dst = NULL;
-	struct diff_options *options = data;
-
-	/* Split the hash list up into sources and destinations */
-	do {
-		struct file_similarity *entry = p;
-		p = p->next;
-		if (entry->src_dst < 0) {
-			entry->next = src;
-			src = entry;
-		} else {
-			entry->next = dst;
-			dst = entry;
-		}
-	} while (p);
-
-	/*
-	 * If we have both sources *and* destinations, see if
-	 * we can match them up
-	 */
-	ret = (src && dst) ? find_identical_files(src, dst, options) : 0;
-
-	/* Free the hashes and return the number of renames found */
-	free_similarity_list(src);
-	free_similarity_list(dst);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static unsigned int hash_filespec(struct diff_filespec *filespec)
-{
-	unsigned int hash;
-	if (!filespec->sha1_valid) {
-		if (diff_populate_filespec(filespec, 0))
-			return 0;
-		hash_sha1_file(filespec->data, filespec->size, "blob", filespec->sha1);
+	if (best) {
+		record_rename_pair(dst_index, best->index, MAX_SCORE);
+		renames++;
 	}
-	memcpy(&hash, filespec->sha1, sizeof(hash));
-	return hash;
+	return renames;
 }
 
-static void insert_file_table(struct hash_table *table, int src_dst, int index, struct diff_filespec *filespec)
+static void insert_file_table(struct hashmap *table, int index, struct diff_filespec *filespec)
 {
-	void **pos;
-	unsigned int hash;
 	struct file_similarity *entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
 
-	entry->src_dst = src_dst;
 	entry->index = index;
 	entry->filespec = filespec;
-	entry->next = NULL;
-
-	hash = hash_filespec(filespec);
-	pos = insert_hash(hash, entry, table);
 
-	/* We already had an entry there? */
-	if (pos) {
-		entry->next = *pos;
-		*pos = entry;
-	}
+	hashmap_entry_init(entry, hash_filespec(filespec));
+	hashmap_add(table, entry);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -385,23 +337,24 @@ static void insert_file_table(struct hash_table *table, int src_dst, int index,
  */
 static int find_exact_renames(struct diff_options *options)
 {
-	int i;
-	struct hash_table file_table;
+	int i, renames = 0;
+	struct hashmap file_table;
 
-	init_hash(&file_table);
-	for (i = 0; i < rename_src_nr; i++)
-		insert_file_table(&file_table, -1, i, rename_src[i].p->one);
+	/* Add all sources to the hash table in reverse order, because
+	 * later on they will be retrieved in LIFO order.
+	 */
+	hashmap_init(&file_table, NULL, rename_src_nr);
+	for (i = rename_src_nr-1; i >= 0; i--)
+		insert_file_table(&file_table, i, rename_src[i].p->one);
 
+	/* Walk the destinations and find best source match */
 	for (i = 0; i < rename_dst_nr; i++)
-		insert_file_table(&file_table, 1, i, rename_dst[i].two);
-
-	/* Find the renames */
-	i = for_each_hash(&file_table, find_same_files, options);
+		renames += find_identical_files(&file_table, i, options);
 
-	/* .. and free the hash data structure */
-	free_hash(&file_table);
+	/* Free the hash data structure and entries */
+	hashmap_free(&file_table, 1);
 
-	return i;
+	return renames;
 }
 
 #define NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST 4
@@ -512,9 +465,19 @@ void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
 			else if (options->single_follow &&
 				 strcmp(options->single_follow, p->two->path))
 				continue; /* not interested */
-			else
-				locate_rename_dst(p->two, 1);
+			else if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, RENAME_EMPTY) &&
+				 is_empty_blob_sha1(p->two->sha1))
+				continue;
+			else if (add_rename_dst(p->two) < 0) {
+				warning("skipping rename detection, detected"
+					" duplicate destination '%s'",
+					p->two->path);
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
 		}
+		else if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, RENAME_EMPTY) &&
+			 is_empty_blob_sha1(p->one->sha1))
+			continue;
 		else if (!DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
 			/*
 			 * If the source is a broken "delete", and
@@ -572,11 +535,11 @@ void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
 
 	if (options->show_rename_progress) {
 		progress = start_progress_delay(
-				"Performing inexact rename detection",
+				_("Performing inexact rename detection"),
 				rename_dst_nr * rename_src_nr, 50, 1);
 	}
 
-	mx = xcalloc(num_create * NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST, sizeof(*mx));
+	mx = xcalloc(st_mult(num_create, NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST), sizeof(*mx));
 	for (dst_cnt = i = 0; i < rename_dst_nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filespec *two = rename_dst[i].two;
 		struct diff_score *m;
@@ -641,8 +604,7 @@ void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
 			 * We would output this create record if it has
 			 * not been turned into a rename/copy already.
 			 */
-			struct diff_rename_dst *dst =
-				locate_rename_dst(p->two, 0);
+			struct diff_rename_dst *dst = locate_rename_dst(p->two);
 			if (dst && dst->pair) {
 				diff_q(&outq, dst->pair);
 				pair_to_free = p;
@@ -672,8 +634,7 @@ void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
 			 */
 			if (DIFF_PAIR_BROKEN(p)) {
 				/* broken delete */
-				struct diff_rename_dst *dst =
-					locate_rename_dst(p->one, 0);
+				struct diff_rename_dst *dst = locate_rename_dst(p->one);
 				if (dst && dst->pair)
 					/* counterpart is now rename/copy */
 					pair_to_free = p;
diff --git a/diffcore.h b/diffcore.h
index 8f32b824cd..33ea2de348 100644
--- a/diffcore.h
+++ b/diffcore.h
@@ -29,10 +29,8 @@ struct diff_filespec {
 	char *path;
 	void *data;
 	void *cnt_data;
-	const char *funcname_pattern_ident;
 	unsigned long size;
 	int count;               /* Reference count */
-	int xfrm_flags;		 /* for use by the xfrm */
 	int rename_used;         /* Count of rename users */
 	unsigned short mode;	 /* file mode */
 	unsigned sha1_valid : 1; /* if true, use sha1 and trust mode;
@@ -45,18 +43,21 @@ struct diff_filespec {
 	unsigned dirty_submodule : 2;  /* For submodules: its work tree is dirty */
 #define DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED 1
 #define DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED  2
+	unsigned is_stdin : 1;
 	unsigned has_more_entries : 1; /* only appear in combined diff */
-	struct userdiff_driver *driver;
 	/* data should be considered "binary"; -1 means "don't know yet" */
-	int is_binary;
+	signed int is_binary : 2;
+	struct userdiff_driver *driver;
 };
 
 extern struct diff_filespec *alloc_filespec(const char *);
 extern void free_filespec(struct diff_filespec *);
 extern void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, const unsigned char *,
-			  unsigned short);
+			  int, unsigned short);
 
-extern int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, int);
+#define CHECK_SIZE_ONLY 1
+#define CHECK_BINARY    2
+extern int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, unsigned int);
 extern void diff_free_filespec_data(struct diff_filespec *);
 extern void diff_free_filespec_blob(struct diff_filespec *);
 extern int diff_filespec_is_binary(struct diff_filespec *);
@@ -69,6 +70,8 @@ struct diff_filepair {
 	unsigned broken_pair : 1;
 	unsigned renamed_pair : 1;
 	unsigned is_unmerged : 1;
+	unsigned done_skip_stat_unmatch : 1;
+	unsigned skip_stat_unmatch_result : 1;
 };
 #define DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p) ((p)->is_unmerged)
 
@@ -110,6 +113,20 @@ extern void diffcore_merge_broken(void);
 extern void diffcore_pickaxe(struct diff_options *);
 extern void diffcore_order(const char *orderfile);
 
+/* low-level interface to diffcore_order */
+struct obj_order {
+	void *obj;	/* setup by caller */
+
+	/* setup/used by order_objects() */
+	int orig_order;
+	int order;
+};
+
+typedef const char *(*obj_path_fn_t)(void *obj);
+
+void order_objects(const char *orderfile, obj_path_fn_t obj_path,
+		   struct obj_order *objs, int nr);
+
 #define DIFF_DEBUG 0
 #if DIFF_DEBUG
 void diff_debug_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, int, const char *);
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 0a78d00b54..6172b3438d 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -2,57 +2,162 @@
  * This handles recursive filename detection with exclude
  * files, index knowledge etc..
  *
+ * See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+ *
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005-2006
  *		 Junio Hamano, 2005-2006
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "varint.h"
+#include "ewah/ewok.h"
 
 struct path_simplify {
 	int len;
 	const char *path;
 };
 
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len,
+/*
+ * Tells read_directory_recursive how a file or directory should be treated.
+ * Values are ordered by significance, e.g. if a directory contains both
+ * excluded and untracked files, it is listed as untracked because
+ * path_untracked > path_excluded.
+ */
+enum path_treatment {
+	path_none = 0,
+	path_recurse,
+	path_excluded,
+	path_untracked
+};
+
+/*
+ * Support data structure for our opendir/readdir/closedir wrappers
+ */
+struct cached_dir {
+	DIR *fdir;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked;
+	int nr_files;
+	int nr_dirs;
+
+	struct dirent *de;
+	const char *file;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *ucd;
+};
+
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *path, int len, struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked,
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
-/* helper string functions with support for the ignore_case flag */
-int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b)
+int fspathcmp(const char *a, const char *b)
 {
 	return ignore_case ? strcasecmp(a, b) : strcmp(a, b);
 }
 
-int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
+int fspathncmp(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
 {
 	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
 }
 
-int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+int git_fnmatch(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		int prefix)
+{
+	if (prefix > 0) {
+		if (ps_strncmp(item, pattern, string, prefix))
+			return WM_NOMATCH;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		string += prefix;
+	}
+	if (item->flags & PATHSPEC_ONESTAR) {
+		int pattern_len = strlen(++pattern);
+		int string_len = strlen(string);
+		return string_len < pattern_len ||
+			ps_strcmp(item, pattern,
+				  string + string_len - pattern_len);
+	}
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB)
+		return wildmatch(pattern, string,
+				 WM_PATHNAME |
+				 (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE ? WM_CASEFOLD : 0),
+				 NULL);
+	else
+		/* wildmatch has not learned no FNM_PATHNAME mode yet */
+		return wildmatch(pattern, string,
+				 item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE ? WM_CASEFOLD : 0,
+				 NULL);
+}
+
+static int fnmatch_icase_mem(const char *pattern, int patternlen,
+			     const char *string, int stringlen,
+			     int flags)
 {
-	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
+	int match_status;
+	struct strbuf pat_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf str_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *use_pat = pattern;
+	const char *use_str = string;
+
+	if (pattern[patternlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&pat_buf, pattern, patternlen);
+		use_pat = pat_buf.buf;
+	}
+	if (string[stringlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&str_buf, string, stringlen);
+		use_str = str_buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		flags |= WM_CASEFOLD;
+	match_status = wildmatch(use_pat, use_str, flags, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(&pat_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&str_buf);
+
+	return match_status;
 }
 
-static size_t common_prefix_len(const char **pathspec)
+static size_t common_prefix_len(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	const char *n, *first;
+	int n;
 	size_t max = 0;
 
-	if (!pathspec)
-		return max;
-
-	first = *pathspec;
-	while ((n = *pathspec++)) {
-		size_t i, len = 0;
-		for (i = 0; first == n || i < max; i++) {
-			char c = n[i];
-			if (!c || c != first[i] || is_glob_special(c))
+	/*
+	 * ":(icase)path" is treated as a pathspec full of
+	 * wildcard. In other words, only prefix is considered common
+	 * prefix. If the pathspec is abc/foo abc/bar, running in
+	 * subdir xyz, the common prefix is still xyz, not xuz/abc as
+	 * in non-:(icase).
+	 */
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+		       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
+
+	for (n = 0; n < pathspec->nr; n++) {
+		size_t i = 0, len = 0, item_len;
+		if (pathspec->items[n].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+			continue;
+		if (pathspec->items[n].magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+			item_len = pathspec->items[n].prefix;
+		else
+			item_len = pathspec->items[n].nowildcard_len;
+		while (i < item_len && (n == 0 || i < max)) {
+			char c = pathspec->items[n].match[i];
+			if (c != pathspec->items[0].match[i])
 				break;
 			if (c == '/')
 				len = i + 1;
+			i++;
 		}
-		if (first == n || len < max) {
+		if (n == 0 || len < max) {
 			max = len;
 			if (!max)
 				break;
@@ -65,16 +170,15 @@ static size_t common_prefix_len(const char **pathspec)
  * Returns a copy of the longest leading path common among all
  * pathspecs.
  */
-char *common_prefix(const char **pathspec)
+char *common_prefix(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	unsigned long len = common_prefix_len(pathspec);
 
-	return len ? xmemdupz(*pathspec, len) : NULL;
+	return len ? xmemdupz(pathspec->items[0].match, len) : NULL;
 }
 
-int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
+int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	const char *path;
 	size_t len;
 
 	/*
@@ -82,15 +186,9 @@ int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
 	 * use that to optimize the directory walk
 	 */
 	len = common_prefix_len(pathspec);
-	path = "";
-
-	if (len)
-		path = xmemdupz(*pathspec, len);
 
 	/* Read the directory and prune it */
-	read_directory(dir, path, len, pathspec);
-	if (*path)
-		free((char *)path);
+	read_directory(dir, pathspec->nr ? pathspec->_raw[0] : "", len, pathspec);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -109,102 +207,8 @@ int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-/*
- * Does 'match' match the given name?
- * A match is found if
- *
- * (1) the 'match' string is leading directory of 'name', or
- * (2) the 'match' string is a wildcard and matches 'name', or
- * (3) the 'match' string is exactly the same as 'name'.
- *
- * and the return value tells which case it was.
- *
- * It returns 0 when there is no match.
- */
-static int match_one(const char *match, const char *name, int namelen)
-{
-	int matchlen;
-
-	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
-	if (!*match)
-		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-
-	if (ignore_case) {
-		for (;;) {
-			unsigned char c1 = tolower(*match);
-			unsigned char c2 = tolower(*name);
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-				break;
-			if (c1 != c2)
-				return 0;
-			match++;
-			name++;
-			namelen--;
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (;;) {
-			unsigned char c1 = *match;
-			unsigned char c2 = *name;
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-				break;
-			if (c1 != c2)
-				return 0;
-			match++;
-			name++;
-			namelen--;
-		}
-	}
-
-
-	/*
-	 * If we don't match the matchstring exactly,
-	 * we need to match by fnmatch
-	 */
-	matchlen = strlen(match);
-	if (strncmp_icase(match, name, matchlen))
-		return !fnmatch_icase(match, name, 0) ? MATCHED_FNMATCH : 0;
-
-	if (namelen == matchlen)
-		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
-	if (match[matchlen-1] == '/' || name[matchlen] == '/')
-		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
- */
-int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen,
-		int prefix, char *seen)
-{
-	int i, retval = 0;
-
-	if (!pathspec)
-		return 1;
-
-	name += prefix;
-	namelen -= prefix;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] != NULL; i++) {
-		int how;
-		const char *match = pathspec[i] + prefix;
-		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
-			continue;
-		how = match_one(match, name, namelen);
-		if (how) {
-			if (retval < how)
-				retval = how;
-			if (seen && seen[i] < how)
-				seen[i] = how;
-		}
-	}
-	return retval;
-}
+#define DO_MATCH_EXCLUDE   1
+#define DO_MATCH_DIRECTORY 2
 
 /*
  * Does 'match' match the given name?
@@ -219,46 +223,103 @@ int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen,
  * It returns 0 when there is no match.
  */
 static int match_pathspec_item(const struct pathspec_item *item, int prefix,
-			       const char *name, int namelen)
+			       const char *name, int namelen, unsigned flags)
 {
 	/* name/namelen has prefix cut off by caller */
 	const char *match = item->match + prefix;
 	int matchlen = item->len - prefix;
 
+	/*
+	 * The normal call pattern is:
+	 * 1. prefix = common_prefix_len(ps);
+	 * 2. prune something, or fill_directory
+	 * 3. match_pathspec()
+	 *
+	 * 'prefix' at #1 may be shorter than the command's prefix and
+	 * it's ok for #2 to match extra files. Those extras will be
+	 * trimmed at #3.
+	 *
+	 * Suppose the pathspec is 'foo' and '../bar' running from
+	 * subdir 'xyz'. The common prefix at #1 will be empty, thanks
+	 * to "../". We may have xyz/foo _and_ XYZ/foo after #2. The
+	 * user does not want XYZ/foo, only the "foo" part should be
+	 * case-insensitive. We need to filter out XYZ/foo here. In
+	 * other words, we do not trust the caller on comparing the
+	 * prefix part when :(icase) is involved. We do exact
+	 * comparison ourselves.
+	 *
+	 * Normally the caller (common_prefix_len() in fact) does
+	 * _exact_ matching on name[-prefix+1..-1] and we do not need
+	 * to check that part. Be defensive and check it anyway, in
+	 * case common_prefix_len is changed, or a new caller is
+	 * introduced that does not use common_prefix_len.
+	 *
+	 * If the penalty turns out too high when prefix is really
+	 * long, maybe change it to
+	 * strncmp(match, name, item->prefix - prefix)
+	 */
+	if (item->prefix && (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE) &&
+	    strncmp(item->match, name - prefix, item->prefix))
+		return 0;
+
 	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
 	if (!*match)
 		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
-	if (matchlen <= namelen && !strncmp(match, name, matchlen)) {
+	if (matchlen <= namelen && !ps_strncmp(item, match, name, matchlen)) {
 		if (matchlen == namelen)
 			return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
 
 		if (match[matchlen-1] == '/' || name[matchlen] == '/')
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-	}
+	} else if ((flags & DO_MATCH_DIRECTORY) &&
+		   match[matchlen - 1] == '/' &&
+		   namelen == matchlen - 1 &&
+		   !ps_strncmp(item, match, name, namelen))
+		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
 
-	if (item->use_wildcard && !fnmatch(match, name, 0))
+	if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+	    !git_fnmatch(item, match, name,
+			 item->nowildcard_len - prefix))
 		return MATCHED_FNMATCH;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
+ * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, returns the nature of the
+ * closest (i.e. most specific) match of the name to any of the
+ * pathspecs.
+ *
+ * The caller typically calls this multiple times with the same
+ * pathspec and seen[] array but with different name/namelen
+ * (e.g. entries from the index) and is interested in seeing if and
+ * how each pathspec matches all the names it calls this function
+ * with.  A mark is left in the seen[] array for each pathspec element
+ * indicating the closest type of match that element achieved, so if
+ * seen[n] remains zero after multiple invocations, that means the nth
+ * pathspec did not match any names, which could indicate that the
+ * user mistyped the nth pathspec.
  */
-int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
-			 const char *name, int namelen,
-			 int prefix, char *seen)
+static int do_match_pathspec(const struct pathspec *ps,
+			     const char *name, int namelen,
+			     int prefix, char *seen,
+			     unsigned flags)
 {
-	int i, retval = 0;
+	int i, retval = 0, exclude = flags & DO_MATCH_EXCLUDE;
+
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+		       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
 
 	if (!ps->nr) {
-		if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+		if (!ps->recursive ||
+		    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+		    ps->max_depth == -1)
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
 		if (within_depth(name, namelen, 0, ps->max_depth))
@@ -272,10 +333,24 @@ int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 
 	for (i = ps->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 		int how;
+
+		if ((!exclude &&   ps->items[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE) ||
+		    ( exclude && !(ps->items[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)))
+			continue;
+
 		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
 			continue;
-		how = match_pathspec_item(ps->items+i, prefix, name, namelen);
-		if (ps->recursive && ps->max_depth != -1 &&
+		/*
+		 * Make exclude patterns optional and never report
+		 * "pathspec ':(exclude)foo' matches no files"
+		 */
+		if (seen && ps->items[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+			seen[i] = MATCHED_FNMATCH;
+		how = match_pathspec_item(ps->items+i, prefix, name,
+					  namelen, flags);
+		if (ps->recursive &&
+		    (ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) &&
+		    ps->max_depth != -1 &&
 		    how && how != MATCHED_FNMATCH) {
 			int len = ps->items[i].len;
 			if (name[len] == '/')
@@ -295,122 +370,332 @@ int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
+int match_pathspec(const struct pathspec *ps,
+		   const char *name, int namelen,
+		   int prefix, char *seen, int is_dir)
 {
-	return string[strcspn(string, "*?[{\\")] == '\0';
+	int positive, negative;
+	unsigned flags = is_dir ? DO_MATCH_DIRECTORY : 0;
+	positive = do_match_pathspec(ps, name, namelen,
+				     prefix, seen, flags);
+	if (!(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE) || !positive)
+		return positive;
+	negative = do_match_pathspec(ps, name, namelen,
+				     prefix, seen,
+				     flags | DO_MATCH_EXCLUDE);
+	return negative ? 0 : positive;
+}
+
+int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched,
+		      const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		      const char *prefix)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all pathspec matched; otherwise it is an error.
+	 */
+	int num, errors = 0;
+	for (num = 0; num < pathspec->nr; num++) {
+		int other, found_dup;
+
+		if (ps_matched[num])
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * The caller might have fed identical pathspec
+		 * twice.  Do not barf on such a mistake.
+		 * FIXME: parse_pathspec should have eliminated
+		 * duplicate pathspec.
+		 */
+		for (found_dup = other = 0;
+		     !found_dup && other < pathspec->nr;
+		     other++) {
+			if (other == num || !ps_matched[other])
+				continue;
+			if (!strcmp(pathspec->items[other].original,
+				    pathspec->items[num].original))
+				/*
+				 * Ok, we have a match already.
+				 */
+				found_dup = 1;
+		}
+		if (found_dup)
+			continue;
+
+		error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git.",
+		      pathspec->items[num].original);
+		errors++;
+	}
+	return errors;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
+ */
+int simple_length(const char *match)
+{
+	int len = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned char c = *match++;
+		len++;
+		if (c == '\0' || is_glob_special(c))
+			return len;
+	}
+}
+
+int no_wildcard(const char *string)
+{
+	return string[simple_length(string)] == '\0';
+}
+
+void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
+			   int *patternlen,
+			   unsigned *flags,
+			   int *nowildcardlen)
+{
+	const char *p = *pattern;
+	size_t i, len;
+
+	*flags = 0;
+	if (*p == '!') {
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE;
+		p++;
+	}
+	len = strlen(p);
+	if (len && p[len - 1] == '/') {
+		len--;
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (p[i] == '/')
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == len)
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
+	*nowildcardlen = simple_length(p);
+	/*
+	 * we should have excluded the trailing slash from 'p' too,
+	 * but that's one more allocation. Instead just make sure
+	 * nowildcardlen does not exceed real patternlen
+	 */
+	if (*nowildcardlen > len)
+		*nowildcardlen = len;
+	if (*p == '*' && no_wildcard(p + 1))
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
+	*pattern = p;
+	*patternlen = len;
 }
 
 void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *which)
+		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos)
 {
 	struct exclude *x;
-	size_t len;
-	int to_exclude = 1;
-	int flags = 0;
-
-	if (*string == '!') {
-		to_exclude = 0;
-		string++;
-	}
-	len = strlen(string);
-	if (len && string[len - 1] == '/') {
-		char *s;
-		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + len);
-		s = (char *)(x+1);
-		memcpy(s, string, len - 1);
-		s[len - 1] = '\0';
-		string = s;
-		x->pattern = s;
-		flags = EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
+	int patternlen;
+	unsigned flags;
+	int nowildcardlen;
+
+	parse_exclude_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags, &nowildcardlen);
+	if (flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
+		FLEXPTR_ALLOC_MEM(x, pattern, string, patternlen);
 	} else {
 		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x));
 		x->pattern = string;
 	}
-	x->to_exclude = to_exclude;
-	x->patternlen = strlen(string);
+	x->patternlen = patternlen;
+	x->nowildcardlen = nowildcardlen;
 	x->base = base;
 	x->baselen = baselen;
 	x->flags = flags;
-	if (!strchr(string, '/'))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
-	if (no_wildcard(string))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD;
-	if (*string == '*' && no_wildcard(string+1))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
-	ALLOC_GROW(which->excludes, which->nr + 1, which->alloc);
-	which->excludes[which->nr++] = x;
+	x->srcpos = srcpos;
+	ALLOC_GROW(el->excludes, el->nr + 1, el->alloc);
+	el->excludes[el->nr++] = x;
+	x->el = el;
 }
 
-static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
+static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size,
+						struct sha1_stat *sha1_stat)
 {
 	int pos, len;
 	unsigned long sz;
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
 	if (pos < 0)
 		return NULL;
-	if (!ce_skip_worktree(istate->cache[pos]))
+	if (!ce_skip_worktree(active_cache[pos]))
 		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	data = read_sha1_file(active_cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
 	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(data);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	*size = xsize_t(sz);
+	if (sha1_stat) {
+		memset(&sha1_stat->stat, 0, sizeof(sha1_stat->stat));
+		hashcpy(sha1_stat->sha1, active_cache[pos]->sha1);
+	}
 	return data;
 }
 
-void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within el which was allocated for exclude patterns and
+ * the file buffer.  Does not free el itself.
+ */
+void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < el->nr; i++)
 		free(el->excludes[i]);
 	free(el->excludes);
+	free(el->filebuf);
 
-	el->nr = 0;
-	el->excludes = NULL;
+	memset(el, 0, sizeof(*el));
 }
 
-int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
-				   const char *base,
-				   int baselen,
-				   char **buf_p,
-				   struct exclude_list *which,
-				   int check_index)
+static void trim_trailing_spaces(char *buf)
+{
+	char *p, *last_space = NULL;
+
+	for (p = buf; *p; p++)
+		switch (*p) {
+		case ' ':
+			if (!last_space)
+				last_space = p;
+			break;
+		case '\\':
+			p++;
+			if (!*p)
+				return;
+			/* fallthrough */
+		default:
+			last_space = NULL;
+		}
+
+	if (last_space)
+		*last_space = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a subdirectory name and "dir" of the current directory,
+ * search the subdir in "dir" and return it, or create a new one if it
+ * does not exist in "dir".
+ *
+ * If "name" has the trailing slash, it'll be excluded in the search.
+ */
+static struct untracked_cache_dir *lookup_untracked(struct untracked_cache *uc,
+						    struct untracked_cache_dir *dir,
+						    const char *name, int len)
+{
+	int first, last;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *d;
+	if (!dir)
+		return NULL;
+	if (len && name[len - 1] == '/')
+		len--;
+	first = 0;
+	last = dir->dirs_nr;
+	while (last > first) {
+		int cmp, next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		d = dir->dirs[next];
+		cmp = strncmp(name, d->name, len);
+		if (!cmp && strlen(d->name) > len)
+			cmp = -1;
+		if (!cmp)
+			return d;
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			last = next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		first = next+1;
+	}
+
+	uc->dir_created++;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(d, name, name, len);
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(dir->dirs, dir->dirs_nr + 1, dir->dirs_alloc);
+	memmove(dir->dirs + first + 1, dir->dirs + first,
+		(dir->dirs_nr - first) * sizeof(*dir->dirs));
+	dir->dirs_nr++;
+	dir->dirs[first] = d;
+	return d;
+}
+
+static void do_invalidate_gitignore(struct untracked_cache_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	dir->valid = 0;
+	dir->untracked_nr = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->dirs_nr; i++)
+		do_invalidate_gitignore(dir->dirs[i]);
+}
+
+static void invalidate_gitignore(struct untracked_cache *uc,
+				 struct untracked_cache_dir *dir)
+{
+	uc->gitignore_invalidated++;
+	do_invalidate_gitignore(dir);
+}
+
+static void invalidate_directory(struct untracked_cache *uc,
+				 struct untracked_cache_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	uc->dir_invalidated++;
+	dir->valid = 0;
+	dir->untracked_nr = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->dirs_nr; i++)
+		dir->dirs[i]->recurse = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a file with name "fname", read it (either from disk, or from
+ * the index if "check_index" is non-zero), parse it and store the
+ * exclude rules in "el".
+ *
+ * If "ss" is not NULL, compute SHA-1 of the exclude file and fill
+ * stat data from disk (only valid if add_excludes returns zero). If
+ * ss_valid is non-zero, "ss" must contain good value as input.
+ */
+static int add_excludes(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
+			struct exclude_list *el, int check_index,
+			struct sha1_stat *sha1_stat)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	int fd, i;
+	int fd, i, lineno = 1;
 	size_t size = 0;
 	char *buf, *entry;
 
 	fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd < 0 || fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			warn_on_inaccessible(fname);
 		if (0 <= fd)
 			close(fd);
 		if (!check_index ||
-		    (buf = read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(fname, &size)) == NULL)
+		    (buf = read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(fname, &size, sha1_stat)) == NULL)
 			return -1;
 		if (size == 0) {
 			free(buf);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		if (buf[size-1] != '\n') {
-			buf = xrealloc(buf, size+1);
+			buf = xrealloc(buf, st_add(size, 1));
 			buf[size++] = '\n';
 		}
-	}
-	else {
+	} else {
 		size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
 		if (size == 0) {
+			if (sha1_stat) {
+				fill_stat_data(&sha1_stat->stat, &st);
+				hashcpy(sha1_stat->sha1, EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN);
+				sha1_stat->valid = 1;
+			}
 			close(fd);
 			return 0;
 		}
-		buf = xmalloc(size+1);
+		buf = xmallocz(size);
 		if (read_in_full(fd, buf, size) != size) {
 			free(buf);
 			close(fd);
@@ -418,165 +703,447 @@ int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 		}
 		buf[size++] = '\n';
 		close(fd);
+		if (sha1_stat) {
+			int pos;
+			if (sha1_stat->valid &&
+			    !match_stat_data_racy(&the_index, &sha1_stat->stat, &st))
+				; /* no content change, ss->sha1 still good */
+			else if (check_index &&
+				 (pos = cache_name_pos(fname, strlen(fname))) >= 0 &&
+				 !ce_stage(active_cache[pos]) &&
+				 ce_uptodate(active_cache[pos]) &&
+				 !would_convert_to_git(fname))
+				hashcpy(sha1_stat->sha1, active_cache[pos]->sha1);
+			else
+				hash_sha1_file(buf, size, "blob", sha1_stat->sha1);
+			fill_stat_data(&sha1_stat->stat, &st);
+			sha1_stat->valid = 1;
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (buf_p)
-		*buf_p = buf;
+	el->filebuf = buf;
+
+	if (skip_utf8_bom(&buf, size))
+		size -= buf - el->filebuf;
+
 	entry = buf;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 		if (buf[i] == '\n') {
 			if (entry != buf + i && entry[0] != '#') {
 				buf[i - (i && buf[i-1] == '\r')] = 0;
-				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, which);
+				trim_trailing_spaces(entry);
+				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, el, lineno);
 			}
+			lineno++;
 			entry = buf + i + 1;
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
+int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base,
+				   int baselen, struct exclude_list *el,
+				   int check_index)
+{
+	return add_excludes(fname, base, baselen, el, check_index, NULL);
+}
+
+struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				      int group_type, const char *src)
+{
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[group_type];
+	ALLOC_GROW(group->el, group->nr + 1, group->alloc);
+	el = &group->el[group->nr++];
+	memset(el, 0, sizeof(*el));
+	el->src = src;
+	return el;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Used to set up core.excludesfile and .git/info/exclude lists.
+ */
+static void add_excludes_from_file_1(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname,
+				     struct sha1_stat *sha1_stat)
 {
-	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, NULL,
-					   &dir->exclude_list[EXC_FILE], 0) < 0)
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	/*
+	 * catch setup_standard_excludes() that's called before
+	 * dir->untracked is assigned. That function behaves
+	 * differently when dir->untracked is non-NULL.
+	 */
+	if (!dir->untracked)
+		dir->unmanaged_exclude_files++;
+	el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_FILE, fname);
+	if (add_excludes(fname, "", 0, el, 0, sha1_stat) < 0)
 		die("cannot use %s as an exclude file", fname);
 }
 
+void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
+{
+	dir->unmanaged_exclude_files++; /* see validate_untracked_cache() */
+	add_excludes_from_file_1(dir, fname, NULL);
+}
+
+int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
+		   const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+		   unsigned flags)
+{
+	if (prefix == patternlen) {
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !fspathncmp(pattern, basename, basenamelen))
+			return 1;
+	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
+		/* "*literal" matching against "fooliteral" */
+		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
+		    !fspathncmp(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - (patternlen - 1),
+				   patternlen - 1))
+			return 1;
+	} else {
+		if (fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				      basename, basenamelen,
+				      0) == 0)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+		   const char *base, int baselen,
+		   const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+		   unsigned flags)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	int namelen;
+
+	/*
+	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
+	 * in front of it.
+	 */
+	if (*pattern == '/') {
+		pattern++;
+		patternlen--;
+		prefix--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * baselen does not count the trailing slash. base[] may or
+	 * may not end with a trailing slash though.
+	 */
+	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
+	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
+	    fspathncmp(pathname, base, baselen))
+		return 0;
+
+	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;
+	name = pathname + pathlen - namelen;
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * if the non-wildcard part is longer than the
+		 * remaining pathname, surely it cannot match.
+		 */
+		if (prefix > namelen)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (fspathncmp(pattern, name, prefix))
+			return 0;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		patternlen -= prefix;
+		name    += prefix;
+		namelen -= prefix;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the whole pattern did not have a wildcard,
+		 * then our prefix match is all we need; we
+		 * do not need to call fnmatch at all.
+		 */
+		if (!patternlen && !namelen)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				 name, namelen,
+				 WM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan the given exclude list in reverse to see whether pathname
+ * should be ignored.  The first match (i.e. the last on the list), if
+ * any, determines the fate.  Returns the exclude_list element which
+ * matched, or NULL for undecided.
+ */
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_list(const char *pathname,
+						       int pathlen,
+						       const char *basename,
+						       int *dtype,
+						       struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	struct exclude *exc = NULL; /* undecided */
+	int i;
+
+	if (!el->nr)
+		return NULL;	/* undefined */
+
+	for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
+		struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
+		const char *exclude = x->pattern;
+		int prefix = x->nowildcardlen;
+
+		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
+			if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+				*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
+			if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+			if (match_basename(basename,
+					   pathlen - (basename - pathname),
+					   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen,
+					   x->flags)) {
+				exc = x;
+				break;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		assert(x->baselen == 0 || x->base[x->baselen - 1] == '/');
+		if (match_pathname(pathname, pathlen,
+				   x->base, x->baselen ? x->baselen - 1 : 0,
+				   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen, x->flags)) {
+			exc = x;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return exc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
+ * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+ */
+int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
+			  int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
+			  struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype, el);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
+	return -1; /* undecided */
+}
+
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_lists(struct dir_struct *dir,
+		const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+		int *dtype_p)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = group->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(
+				pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype_p,
+				&group->el[j]);
+			if (exclude)
+				return exclude;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads the per-directory exclude list for the substring of base
+ * which has a char length of baselen.
+ */
 static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 {
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
 	struct exclude_list *el;
 	struct exclude_stack *stk = NULL;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked;
 	int current;
 
-	if ((!dir->exclude_per_dir) ||
-	    (baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) >= PATH_MAX))
-		return; /* too long a path -- ignore */
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[EXC_DIRS];
 
-	/* Pop the ones that are not the prefix of the path being checked. */
-	el = &dir->exclude_list[EXC_DIRS];
+	/*
+	 * Pop the exclude lists from the EXCL_DIRS exclude_list_group
+	 * which originate from directories not in the prefix of the
+	 * path being checked.
+	 */
 	while ((stk = dir->exclude_stack) != NULL) {
 		if (stk->baselen <= baselen &&
-		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf, base, stk->baselen))
+		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf.buf, base, stk->baselen))
 			break;
+		el = &group->el[dir->exclude_stack->exclude_ix];
 		dir->exclude_stack = stk->prev;
-		while (stk->exclude_ix < el->nr)
-			free(el->excludes[--el->nr]);
-		free(stk->filebuf);
+		dir->exclude = NULL;
+		free((char *)el->src); /* see strbuf_detach() below */
+		clear_exclude_list(el);
 		free(stk);
+		group->nr--;
 	}
 
+	/* Skip traversing into sub directories if the parent is excluded */
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Lazy initialization. All call sites currently just
+	 * memset(dir, 0, sizeof(*dir)) before use. Changing all of
+	 * them seems lots of work for little benefit.
+	 */
+	if (!dir->basebuf.buf)
+		strbuf_init(&dir->basebuf, PATH_MAX);
+
 	/* Read from the parent directories and push them down. */
 	current = stk ? stk->baselen : -1;
+	strbuf_setlen(&dir->basebuf, current < 0 ? 0 : current);
+	if (dir->untracked)
+		untracked = stk ? stk->ucd : dir->untracked->root;
+	else
+		untracked = NULL;
+
 	while (current < baselen) {
-		struct exclude_stack *stk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*stk));
 		const char *cp;
+		struct sha1_stat sha1_stat;
 
+		stk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*stk));
 		if (current < 0) {
 			cp = base;
 			current = 0;
-		}
-		else {
+		} else {
 			cp = strchr(base + current + 1, '/');
 			if (!cp)
 				die("oops in prep_exclude");
 			cp++;
+			untracked =
+				lookup_untracked(dir->untracked, untracked,
+						 base + current,
+						 cp - base - current);
 		}
 		stk->prev = dir->exclude_stack;
 		stk->baselen = cp - base;
-		stk->exclude_ix = el->nr;
-		memcpy(dir->basebuf + current, base + current,
-		       stk->baselen - current);
-		strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen, dir->exclude_per_dir);
-		add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
-					       dir->basebuf, stk->baselen,
-					       &stk->filebuf, el, 1);
-		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
-		current = stk->baselen;
-	}
-	dir->basebuf[baselen] = '\0';
-}
-
-/* Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
- * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
- */
-int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
-		       int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
-		       struct exclude_list *el)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (el->nr) {
-		for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
-			struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
-			const char *exclude = x->pattern;
-			int to_exclude = x->to_exclude;
-
-			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
-				if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-					*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
-				if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
-					continue;
+		stk->exclude_ix = group->nr;
+		stk->ucd = untracked;
+		el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_DIRS, NULL);
+		strbuf_add(&dir->basebuf, base + current, stk->baselen - current);
+		assert(stk->baselen == dir->basebuf.len);
+
+		/* Abort if the directory is excluded */
+		if (stk->baselen) {
+			int dt = DT_DIR;
+			dir->basebuf.buf[stk->baselen - 1] = 0;
+			dir->exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir,
+				dir->basebuf.buf, stk->baselen - 1,
+				dir->basebuf.buf + current, &dt);
+			dir->basebuf.buf[stk->baselen - 1] = '/';
+			if (dir->exclude &&
+			    dir->exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)
+				dir->exclude = NULL;
+			if (dir->exclude) {
+				dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+				return;
 			}
+		}
 
-			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
-				/* match basename */
-				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
-					if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, basename))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
-					if (x->patternlen - 1 <= pathlen &&
-					    !strcmp_icase(exclude + 1, pathname + pathlen - x->patternlen + 1))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else {
-					if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, basename, 0) == 0)
-						return to_exclude;
-				}
-			}
-			else {
-				/* match with FNM_PATHNAME:
-				 * exclude has base (baselen long) implicitly
-				 * in front of it.
-				 */
-				int baselen = x->baselen;
-				if (*exclude == '/')
-					exclude++;
-
-				if (pathlen < baselen ||
-				    (baselen && pathname[baselen-1] != '/') ||
-				    strncmp_icase(pathname, x->base, baselen))
-				    continue;
-
-				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
-					if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, pathname + baselen))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else {
-					if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, pathname+baselen,
-						    FNM_PATHNAME) == 0)
-					    return to_exclude;
-				}
-			}
+		/* Try to read per-directory file */
+		hashclr(sha1_stat.sha1);
+		sha1_stat.valid = 0;
+		if (dir->exclude_per_dir &&
+		    /*
+		     * If we know that no files have been added in
+		     * this directory (i.e. valid_cached_dir() has
+		     * been executed and set untracked->valid) ..
+		     */
+		    (!untracked || !untracked->valid ||
+		     /*
+		      * .. and .gitignore does not exist before
+		      * (i.e. null exclude_sha1). Then we can skip
+		      * loading .gitignore, which would result in
+		      * ENOENT anyway.
+		      */
+		     !is_null_sha1(untracked->exclude_sha1))) {
+			/*
+			 * dir->basebuf gets reused by the traversal, but we
+			 * need fname to remain unchanged to ensure the src
+			 * member of each struct exclude correctly
+			 * back-references its source file.  Other invocations
+			 * of add_exclude_list provide stable strings, so we
+			 * strbuf_detach() and free() here in the caller.
+			 */
+			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &dir->basebuf);
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, dir->exclude_per_dir);
+			el->src = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+			add_excludes(el->src, el->src, stk->baselen, el, 1,
+				     untracked ? &sha1_stat : NULL);
 		}
+		/*
+		 * NEEDSWORK: when untracked cache is enabled, prep_exclude()
+		 * will first be called in valid_cached_dir() then maybe many
+		 * times more in last_exclude_matching(). When the cache is
+		 * used, last_exclude_matching() will not be called and
+		 * reading .gitignore content will be a waste.
+		 *
+		 * So when it's called by valid_cached_dir() and we can get
+		 * .gitignore SHA-1 from the index (i.e. .gitignore is not
+		 * modified on work tree), we could delay reading the
+		 * .gitignore content until we absolutely need it in
+		 * last_exclude_matching(). Be careful about ignore rule
+		 * order, though, if you do that.
+		 */
+		if (untracked &&
+		    hashcmp(sha1_stat.sha1, untracked->exclude_sha1)) {
+			invalidate_gitignore(dir->untracked, untracked);
+			hashcpy(untracked->exclude_sha1, sha1_stat.sha1);
+		}
+		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+		current = stk->baselen;
 	}
-	return -1; /* undecided */
+	strbuf_setlen(&dir->basebuf, baselen);
 }
 
-int excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns the exclude_list element which matched, or NULL for
+ * undecided.
+ */
+struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *pathname,
+					     int *dtype_p)
 {
 	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
-	int st;
 	const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
 	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
 
 	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
-	for (st = EXC_CMDL; st <= EXC_FILE; st++) {
-		switch (excluded_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename,
-					   dtype_p, &dir->exclude_list[st])) {
-		case 0:
-			return 0;
-		case 1:
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
+
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return dir->exclude;
+
+	return last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir, pathname, pathlen,
+			basename, dtype_p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns 1 if true, otherwise 0.
+ */
+int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+{
+	struct exclude *exclude =
+		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, dtype_p);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -584,16 +1151,14 @@ static struct dir_entry *dir_entry_new(const char *pathname, int len)
 {
 	struct dir_entry *ent;
 
-	ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + len + 1);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(ent, name, pathname, len);
 	ent->len = len;
-	memcpy(ent->name, pathname, len);
-	ent->name[len] = 0;
 	return ent;
 }
 
 static struct dir_entry *dir_add_name(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len)
 {
-	if (cache_name_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case))
+	if (cache_file_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case))
 		return NULL;
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(dir->entries, dir->nr+1, dir->alloc);
@@ -616,35 +1181,21 @@ enum exist_status {
 };
 
 /*
- * Do not use the alphabetically stored index to look up
+ * Do not use the alphabetically sorted index to look up
  * the directory name; instead, use the case insensitive
- * name hash.
+ * directory hash.
  */
 static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index_icase(const char *dirname, int len)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce = index_name_exists(&the_index, dirname, len + 1, ignore_case);
-	unsigned char endchar;
-
-	if (!ce)
-		return index_nonexistent;
-	endchar = ce->name[len];
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
 
-	/*
-	 * The cache_entry structure returned will contain this dirname
-	 * and possibly additional path components.
-	 */
-	if (endchar == '/')
+	if (cache_dir_exists(dirname, len))
 		return index_directory;
 
-	/*
-	 * If there are no additional path components, then this cache_entry
-	 * represents a submodule.  Submodules, despite being directories,
-	 * are stored in the cache without a closing slash.
-	 */
-	if (!endchar && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+	ce = cache_file_exists(dirname, len, ignore_case);
+	if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 		return index_gitdir;
 
-	/* This should never be hit, but it exists just in case. */
 	return index_nonexistent;
 }
 
@@ -666,7 +1217,7 @@ static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index(const char *dirname, int len)
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
 		unsigned char endchar;
 
 		if (strncmp(ce->name, dirname, len))
@@ -708,32 +1259,25 @@ static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index(const char *dirname, int len)
  *
  *  (a) if "show_other_directories" is true, we show it as
  *      just a directory, unless "hide_empty_directories" is
- *      also true and the directory is empty, in which case
- *      we just ignore it entirely.
+ *      also true, in which case we need to check if it contains any
+ *      untracked and / or ignored files.
  *  (b) if it looks like a git directory, and we don't have
  *      'no_gitlinks' set we treat it as a gitlink, and show it
  *      as a directory.
  *  (c) otherwise, we recurse into it.
  */
-enum directory_treatment {
-	show_directory,
-	ignore_directory,
-	recurse_into_directory
-};
-
-static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
-	const char *dirname, int len,
+static enum path_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked,
+	const char *dirname, int len, int baselen, int exclude,
 	const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	/* The "len-1" is to strip the final '/' */
 	switch (directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1)) {
 	case index_directory:
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 
 	case index_gitdir:
-		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
-			return ignore_directory;
-		return show_directory;
+		return path_none;
 
 	case index_nonexistent:
 		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
@@ -741,17 +1285,20 @@ static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		if (!(dir->flags & DIR_NO_GITLINKS)) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(dirname, "HEAD", sha1) == 0)
-				return show_directory;
+				return path_untracked;
 		}
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 	}
 
 	/* This is the "show_other_directories" case */
+
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES))
-		return show_directory;
-	if (!read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify))
-		return ignore_directory;
-	return show_directory;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
+
+	untracked = lookup_untracked(dir->untracked, untracked,
+				     dirname + baselen, len - baselen);
+	return read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len,
+					untracked, 1, simplify);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -810,9 +1357,9 @@ static int exclude_matches_pathspec(const char *path, int len,
 static int get_index_dtype(const char *path, int len)
 {
 	int pos;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
-	ce = cache_name_exists(path, len, 0);
+	ce = cache_file_exists(path, len, 0);
 	if (ce) {
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce))
 			return DT_UNKNOWN;
@@ -866,90 +1413,237 @@ static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len)
 	return dtype;
 }
 
-enum path_treatment {
-	path_ignored,
-	path_handled,
-	path_recurse
-};
-
 static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
-					  char *path, int *len,
+					  struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked,
+					  struct strbuf *path,
+					  int baselen,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
 {
-	int exclude = excluded(dir, path, &dtype);
-	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
-	    && exclude_matches_pathspec(path, *len, simplify))
-		dir_add_ignored(dir, path, *len);
+	int exclude;
+	int has_path_in_index = !!cache_file_exists(path->buf, path->len, ignore_case);
+
+	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
+
+	/* Always exclude indexed files */
+	if (dtype != DT_DIR && has_path_in_index)
+		return path_none;
 
 	/*
-	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
-	 * ignored files, ignore it
+	 * When we are looking at a directory P in the working tree,
+	 * there are three cases:
+	 *
+	 * (1) P exists in the index.  Everything inside the directory P in
+	 * the working tree needs to go when P is checked out from the
+	 * index.
+	 *
+	 * (2) P does not exist in the index, but there is P/Q in the index.
+	 * We know P will stay a directory when we check out the contents
+	 * of the index, but we do not know yet if there is a directory
+	 * P/Q in the working tree to be killed, so we need to recurse.
+	 *
+	 * (3) P does not exist in the index, and there is no P/Q in the index
+	 * to require P to be a directory, either.  Only in this case, we
+	 * know that everything inside P will not be killed without
+	 * recursing.
 	 */
-	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		return path_ignored;
+	if ((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY) &&
+	    (dtype == DT_DIR) &&
+	    !has_path_in_index &&
+	    (directory_exists_in_index(path->buf, path->len) == index_nonexistent))
+		return path_none;
 
-	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-		dtype = get_dtype(de, path, *len);
+	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
 
 	/*
-	 * Do we want to see just the ignored files?
-	 * We still need to recurse into directories,
-	 * even if we don't ignore them, since the
-	 * directory may contain files that we do..
+	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
+	 * ignored files, ignore it
 	 */
-	if (!exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)) {
-		if (dtype != DT_DIR)
-			return path_ignored;
-	}
+	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & (DIR_SHOW_IGNORED|DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO)))
+		return path_excluded;
 
 	switch (dtype) {
 	default:
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 	case DT_DIR:
-		memcpy(path + *len, "/", 2);
-		(*len)++;
-		switch (treat_directory(dir, path, *len, simplify)) {
-		case show_directory:
-			if (exclude != !!(dir->flags
-					  & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-				return path_ignored;
-			break;
-		case recurse_into_directory:
-			return path_recurse;
-		case ignore_directory:
-			return path_ignored;
-		}
-		break;
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+		return treat_directory(dir, untracked, path->buf, path->len,
+				       baselen, exclude, simplify);
 	case DT_REG:
 	case DT_LNK:
-		break;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
 	}
-	return path_handled;
+}
+
+static enum path_treatment treat_path_fast(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					   struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked,
+					   struct cached_dir *cdir,
+					   struct strbuf *path,
+					   int baselen,
+					   const struct path_simplify *simplify)
+{
+	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+	if (!cdir->ucd) {
+		strbuf_addstr(path, cdir->file);
+		return path_untracked;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(path, cdir->ucd->name);
+	/* treat_one_path() does this before it calls treat_directory() */
+	strbuf_complete(path, '/');
+	if (cdir->ucd->check_only)
+		/*
+		 * check_only is set as a result of treat_directory() getting
+		 * to its bottom. Verify again the same set of directories
+		 * with check_only set.
+		 */
+		return read_directory_recursive(dir, path->buf, path->len,
+						cdir->ucd, 1, simplify);
+	/*
+	 * We get path_recurse in the first run when
+	 * directory_exists_in_index() returns index_nonexistent. We
+	 * are sure that new changes in the index does not impact the
+	 * outcome. Return now.
+	 */
+	return path_recurse;
 }
 
 static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
-				      struct dirent *de,
-				      char *path, int path_max,
+				      struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked,
+				      struct cached_dir *cdir,
+				      struct strbuf *path,
 				      int baselen,
-				      const struct path_simplify *simplify,
-				      int *len)
+				      const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	int dtype;
+	struct dirent *de = cdir->de;
 
+	if (!de)
+		return treat_path_fast(dir, untracked, cdir, path,
+				       baselen, simplify);
 	if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name) || !strcmp(de->d_name, ".git"))
-		return path_ignored;
-	*len = strlen(de->d_name);
-	/* Ignore overly long pathnames! */
-	if (*len + baselen + 8 > path_max)
-		return path_ignored;
-	memcpy(path + baselen, de->d_name, *len + 1);
-	*len += baselen;
-	if (simplify_away(path, *len, simplify))
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
+	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+	strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
+	if (simplify_away(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
+		return path_none;
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
-	return treat_one_path(dir, path, len, simplify, dtype, de);
+	return treat_one_path(dir, untracked, path, baselen, simplify, dtype, de);
+}
+
+static void add_untracked(struct untracked_cache_dir *dir, const char *name)
+{
+	if (!dir)
+		return;
+	ALLOC_GROW(dir->untracked, dir->untracked_nr + 1,
+		   dir->untracked_alloc);
+	dir->untracked[dir->untracked_nr++] = xstrdup(name);
+}
+
+static int valid_cached_dir(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			    struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked,
+			    struct strbuf *path,
+			    int check_only)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (!untracked)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (stat(path->len ? path->buf : ".", &st)) {
+		invalidate_directory(dir->untracked, untracked);
+		memset(&untracked->stat_data, 0, sizeof(untracked->stat_data));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!untracked->valid ||
+	    match_stat_data_racy(&the_index, &untracked->stat_data, &st)) {
+		if (untracked->valid)
+			invalidate_directory(dir->untracked, untracked);
+		fill_stat_data(&untracked->stat_data, &st);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (untracked->check_only != !!check_only) {
+		invalidate_directory(dir->untracked, untracked);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * prep_exclude will be called eventually on this directory,
+	 * but it's called much later in last_exclude_matching(). We
+	 * need it now to determine the validity of the cache for this
+	 * path. The next calls will be nearly no-op, the way
+	 * prep_exclude() is designed.
+	 */
+	if (path->len && path->buf[path->len - 1] != '/') {
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+		prep_exclude(dir, path->buf, path->len);
+		strbuf_setlen(path, path->len - 1);
+	} else
+		prep_exclude(dir, path->buf, path->len);
+
+	/* hopefully prep_exclude() haven't invalidated this entry... */
+	return untracked->valid;
+}
+
+static int open_cached_dir(struct cached_dir *cdir,
+			   struct dir_struct *dir,
+			   struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked,
+			   struct strbuf *path,
+			   int check_only)
+{
+	memset(cdir, 0, sizeof(*cdir));
+	cdir->untracked = untracked;
+	if (valid_cached_dir(dir, untracked, path, check_only))
+		return 0;
+	cdir->fdir = opendir(path->len ? path->buf : ".");
+	if (dir->untracked)
+		dir->untracked->dir_opened++;
+	if (!cdir->fdir)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_cached_dir(struct cached_dir *cdir)
+{
+	if (cdir->fdir) {
+		cdir->de = readdir(cdir->fdir);
+		if (!cdir->de)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	while (cdir->nr_dirs < cdir->untracked->dirs_nr) {
+		struct untracked_cache_dir *d = cdir->untracked->dirs[cdir->nr_dirs];
+		if (!d->recurse) {
+			cdir->nr_dirs++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		cdir->ucd = d;
+		cdir->nr_dirs++;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	cdir->ucd = NULL;
+	if (cdir->nr_files < cdir->untracked->untracked_nr) {
+		struct untracked_cache_dir *d = cdir->untracked;
+		cdir->file = d->untracked[cdir->nr_files++];
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void close_cached_dir(struct cached_dir *cdir)
+{
+	if (cdir->fdir)
+		closedir(cdir->fdir);
+	/*
+	 * We have gone through this directory and found no untracked
+	 * entries. Mark it valid.
+	 */
+	if (cdir->untracked) {
+		cdir->untracked->valid = 1;
+		cdir->untracked->recurse = 1;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -960,44 +1654,86 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
  *
  * Also, we ignore the name ".git" (even if it is not a directory).
  * That likely will not change.
+ *
+ * Returns the most significant path_treatment value encountered in the scan.
  */
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				    const char *base, int baselen,
-				    int check_only,
+				    struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked, int check_only,
 				    const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
-	DIR *fdir = opendir(*base ? base : ".");
-	int contents = 0;
-	struct dirent *de;
-	char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	struct cached_dir cdir;
+	enum path_treatment state, subdir_state, dir_state = path_none;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
+
+	if (open_cached_dir(&cdir, dir, untracked, &path, check_only))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (untracked)
+		untracked->check_only = !!check_only;
+
+	while (!read_cached_dir(&cdir)) {
+		/* check how the file or directory should be treated */
+		state = treat_path(dir, untracked, &cdir, &path, baselen, simplify);
+
+		if (state > dir_state)
+			dir_state = state;
+
+		/* recurse into subdir if instructed by treat_path */
+		if (state == path_recurse) {
+			struct untracked_cache_dir *ud;
+			ud = lookup_untracked(dir->untracked, untracked,
+					      path.buf + baselen,
+					      path.len - baselen);
+			subdir_state =
+				read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf, path.len,
+							 ud, check_only, simplify);
+			if (subdir_state > dir_state)
+				dir_state = subdir_state;
+		}
 
-	if (!fdir)
-		return 0;
+		if (check_only) {
+			/* abort early if maximum state has been reached */
+			if (dir_state == path_untracked) {
+				if (cdir.fdir)
+					add_untracked(untracked, path.buf + baselen);
+				break;
+			}
+			/* skip the dir_add_* part */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* add the path to the appropriate result list */
+		switch (state) {
+		case path_excluded:
+			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			else if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO) ||
+				((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED) &&
+				exclude_matches_pathspec(path.buf, path.len,
+					simplify)))
+				dir_add_ignored(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
 
-	memcpy(path, base, baselen);
+		case path_untracked:
+			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)
+				break;
+			dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			if (cdir.fdir)
+				add_untracked(untracked, path.buf + baselen);
+			break;
 
-	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
-		int len;
-		switch (treat_path(dir, de, path, sizeof(path),
-				   baselen, simplify, &len)) {
-		case path_recurse:
-			contents += read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
-			continue;
-		case path_ignored:
-			continue;
-		case path_handled:
+		default:
 			break;
 		}
-		contents++;
-		if (check_only)
-			goto exit_early;
-		else
-			dir_add_name(dir, path, len);
 	}
-exit_early:
-	closedir(fdir);
+	close_cached_dir(&cdir);
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&path);
 
-	return contents;
+	return dir_state;
 }
 
 static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
@@ -1005,23 +1741,7 @@ static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	const struct dir_entry *e1 = *(const struct dir_entry **)p1;
 	const struct dir_entry *e2 = *(const struct dir_entry **)p2;
 
-	return cache_name_compare(e1->name, e1->len,
-				  e2->name, e2->len);
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
- */
-static int simple_length(const char *match)
-{
-	int len = -1;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		unsigned char c = *match++;
-		len++;
-		if (c == '\0' || is_glob_special(c))
-			return len;
-	}
+	return name_compare(e1->name, e1->len, e2->name, e2->len);
 }
 
 static struct path_simplify *create_simplify(const char **pathspec)
@@ -1034,10 +1754,7 @@ static struct path_simplify *create_simplify(const char **pathspec)
 
 	for (nr = 0 ; ; nr++) {
 		const char *match;
-		if (nr >= alloc) {
-			alloc = alloc_nr(alloc);
-			simplify = xrealloc(simplify, alloc * sizeof(*simplify));
-		}
+		ALLOC_GROW(simplify, nr + 1, alloc);
 		match = *pathspec++;
 		if (!match)
 			break;
@@ -1058,15 +1775,17 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 			      const char *path, int len,
 			      const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
-	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
-	int baselen, blen;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int baselen, rc = 0;
 	const char *cp;
+	int old_flags = dir->flags;
 
 	while (len && path[len - 1] == '/')
 		len--;
 	if (!len)
 		return 1;
 	baselen = 0;
+	dir->flags &= ~DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
 	while (1) {
 		cp = path + baselen + !!baselen;
 		cp = memchr(cp, '/', path + len - cp);
@@ -1074,34 +1793,240 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 			baselen = len;
 		else
 			baselen = cp - path;
-		memcpy(pathbuf, path, baselen);
-		pathbuf[baselen] = '\0';
-		if (!is_directory(pathbuf))
-			return 0;
-		if (simplify_away(pathbuf, baselen, simplify))
-			return 0;
-		blen = baselen;
-		if (treat_one_path(dir, pathbuf, &blen, simplify,
-				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
-			return 0; /* do not recurse into it */
-		if (len <= baselen)
-			return 1; /* finished checking */
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_add(&sb, path, baselen);
+		if (!is_directory(sb.buf))
+			break;
+		if (simplify_away(sb.buf, sb.len, simplify))
+			break;
+		if (treat_one_path(dir, NULL, &sb, baselen, simplify,
+				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_none)
+			break; /* do not recurse into it */
+		if (len <= baselen) {
+			rc = 1;
+			break; /* finished checking */
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	dir->flags = old_flags;
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static const char *get_ident_string(void)
+{
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct utsname uts;
+
+	if (sb.len)
+		return sb.buf;
+	if (uname(&uts) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("failed to get kernel name and information"));
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "Location %s, system %s", get_git_work_tree(),
+		    uts.sysname);
+	return sb.buf;
+}
+
+static int ident_in_untracked(const struct untracked_cache *uc)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Previous git versions may have saved many NUL separated
+	 * strings in the "ident" field, but it is insane to manage
+	 * many locations, so just take care of the first one.
+	 */
+
+	return !strcmp(uc->ident.buf, get_ident_string());
+}
+
+static void set_untracked_ident(struct untracked_cache *uc)
+{
+	strbuf_reset(&uc->ident);
+	strbuf_addstr(&uc->ident, get_ident_string());
+
+	/*
+	 * This strbuf used to contain a list of NUL separated
+	 * strings, so save NUL too for backward compatibility.
+	 */
+	strbuf_addch(&uc->ident, 0);
+}
+
+static void new_untracked_cache(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct untracked_cache *uc = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*uc));
+	strbuf_init(&uc->ident, 100);
+	uc->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
+	/* should be the same flags used by git-status */
+	uc->dir_flags = DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES | DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
+	set_untracked_ident(uc);
+	istate->untracked = uc;
+	istate->cache_changed |= UNTRACKED_CHANGED;
+}
+
+void add_untracked_cache(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (!istate->untracked) {
+		new_untracked_cache(istate);
+	} else {
+		if (!ident_in_untracked(istate->untracked)) {
+			free_untracked_cache(istate->untracked);
+			new_untracked_cache(istate);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void remove_untracked_cache(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (istate->untracked) {
+		free_untracked_cache(istate->untracked);
+		istate->untracked = NULL;
+		istate->cache_changed |= UNTRACKED_CHANGED;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct untracked_cache_dir *validate_untracked_cache(struct dir_struct *dir,
+						      int base_len,
+						      const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *root;
+
+	if (!dir->untracked || getenv("GIT_DISABLE_UNTRACKED_CACHE"))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only support $GIT_DIR/info/exclude and core.excludesfile
+	 * as the global ignore rule files. Any other additions
+	 * (e.g. from command line) invalidate the cache. This
+	 * condition also catches running setup_standard_excludes()
+	 * before setting dir->untracked!
+	 */
+	if (dir->unmanaged_exclude_files)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Optimize for the main use case only: whole-tree git
+	 * status. More work involved in treat_leading_path() if we
+	 * use cache on just a subset of the worktree. pathspec
+	 * support could make the matter even worse.
+	 */
+	if (base_len || (pathspec && pathspec->nr))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Different set of flags may produce different results */
+	if (dir->flags != dir->untracked->dir_flags ||
+	    /*
+	     * See treat_directory(), case index_nonexistent. Without
+	     * this flag, we may need to also cache .git file content
+	     * for the resolve_gitlink_ref() call, which we don't.
+	     */
+	    !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES) ||
+	    /* We don't support collecting ignore files */
+	    (dir->flags & (DIR_SHOW_IGNORED | DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO |
+			   DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we use .gitignore in the cache and now you change it to
+	 * .gitexclude, everything will go wrong.
+	 */
+	if (dir->exclude_per_dir != dir->untracked->exclude_per_dir &&
+	    strcmp(dir->exclude_per_dir, dir->untracked->exclude_per_dir))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * EXC_CMDL is not considered in the cache. If people set it,
+	 * skip the cache.
+	 */
+	if (dir->exclude_list_group[EXC_CMDL].nr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!ident_in_untracked(dir->untracked)) {
+		warning(_("Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!dir->untracked->root) {
+		const int len = sizeof(*dir->untracked->root);
+		dir->untracked->root = xmalloc(len);
+		memset(dir->untracked->root, 0, len);
+	}
+
+	/* Validate $GIT_DIR/info/exclude and core.excludesfile */
+	root = dir->untracked->root;
+	if (hashcmp(dir->ss_info_exclude.sha1,
+		    dir->untracked->ss_info_exclude.sha1)) {
+		invalidate_gitignore(dir->untracked, root);
+		dir->untracked->ss_info_exclude = dir->ss_info_exclude;
 	}
+	if (hashcmp(dir->ss_excludes_file.sha1,
+		    dir->untracked->ss_excludes_file.sha1)) {
+		invalidate_gitignore(dir->untracked, root);
+		dir->untracked->ss_excludes_file = dir->ss_excludes_file;
+	}
+
+	/* Make sure this directory is not dropped out at saving phase */
+	root->recurse = 1;
+	return root;
 }
 
-int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec)
+int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	struct path_simplify *simplify;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check out create_simplify()
+	 */
+	if (pathspec)
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(pathspec,
+			       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+			       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+			       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+			       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+			       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
 
 	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
 		return dir->nr;
 
-	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec);
+	/*
+	 * exclude patterns are treated like positive ones in
+	 * create_simplify. Usually exclude patterns should be a
+	 * subset of positive ones, which has no impacts on
+	 * create_simplify().
+	 */
+	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec ? pathspec->_raw : NULL);
+	untracked = validate_untracked_cache(dir, len, pathspec);
+	if (!untracked)
+		/*
+		 * make sure untracked cache code path is disabled,
+		 * e.g. prep_exclude()
+		 */
+		dir->untracked = NULL;
 	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify))
-		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
+		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, untracked, 0, simplify);
 	free_simplify(simplify);
 	qsort(dir->entries, dir->nr, sizeof(struct dir_entry *), cmp_name);
 	qsort(dir->ignored, dir->ignored_nr, sizeof(struct dir_entry *), cmp_name);
+	if (dir->untracked) {
+		static struct trace_key trace_untracked_stats = TRACE_KEY_INIT(UNTRACKED_STATS);
+		trace_printf_key(&trace_untracked_stats,
+				 "node creation: %u\n"
+				 "gitignore invalidation: %u\n"
+				 "directory invalidation: %u\n"
+				 "opendir: %u\n",
+				 dir->untracked->dir_created,
+				 dir->untracked->gitignore_invalidated,
+				 dir->untracked->dir_invalidated,
+				 dir->untracked->dir_opened);
+		if (dir->untracked == the_index.untracked &&
+		    (dir->untracked->dir_opened ||
+		     dir->untracked->gitignore_invalidated ||
+		     dir->untracked->dir_invalidated))
+			the_index.cache_changed |= UNTRACKED_CHANGED;
+		if (dir->untracked != the_index.untracked) {
+			free(dir->untracked);
+			dir->untracked = NULL;
+		}
+	}
 	return dir->nr;
 }
 
@@ -1111,6 +2036,15 @@ int file_exists(const char *f)
 	return lstat(f, &sb) == 0;
 }
 
+static int cmp_icase(char a, char b)
+{
+	if (a == b)
+		return 0;
+	if (ignore_case)
+		return toupper(a) - toupper(b);
+	return a - b;
+}
+
 /*
  * Given two normalized paths (a trailing slash is ok), if subdir is
  * outside dir, return -1.  Otherwise return the offset in subdir that
@@ -1122,7 +2056,7 @@ int dir_inside_of(const char *subdir, const char *dir)
 
 	assert(dir && subdir && *dir && *subdir);
 
-	while (*dir && *subdir && *dir == *subdir) {
+	while (*dir && *subdir && !cmp_icase(*dir, *subdir)) {
 		dir++;
 		subdir++;
 		offset++;
@@ -1145,12 +2079,16 @@ int dir_inside_of(const char *subdir, const char *dir)
 
 int is_inside_dir(const char *dir)
 {
-	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+	char *cwd;
+	int rc;
+
 	if (!dir)
 		return 0;
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-		die_errno("can't find the current directory");
-	return dir_inside_of(cwd, dir) >= 0;
+
+	cwd = xgetcwd();
+	rc = (dir_inside_of(cwd, dir) >= 0);
+	free(cwd);
+	return rc;
 }
 
 int is_empty_dir(const char *path)
@@ -1172,24 +2110,38 @@ int is_empty_dir(const char *path)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
+static int remove_dir_recurse(struct strbuf *path, int flag, int *kept_up)
 {
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *e;
-	int ret = 0, original_len = path->len, len;
+	int ret = 0, original_len = path->len, len, kept_down = 0;
 	int only_empty = (flag & REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY);
+	int keep_toplevel = (flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL);
 	unsigned char submodule_head[20];
 
 	if ((flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT) &&
-	    !resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head))
+	    !resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head)) {
 		/* Do not descend and nuke a nested git work tree. */
+		if (kept_up)
+			*kept_up = 1;
 		return 0;
+	}
 
+	flag &= ~REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL;
 	dir = opendir(path->buf);
-	if (!dir)
-		return rmdir(path->buf);
-	if (path->buf[original_len - 1] != '/')
-		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+	if (!dir) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return keep_toplevel ? -1 : 0;
+		else if (errno == EACCES && !keep_toplevel)
+			/*
+			 * An empty dir could be removable even if it
+			 * is unreadable:
+			 */
+			return rmdir(path->buf);
+		else
+			return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_complete(path, '/');
 
 	len = path->len;
 	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
@@ -1199,13 +2151,21 @@ int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
 
 		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
 		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
-		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
-			; /* fall thru */
-		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			if (!remove_dir_recursively(path, only_empty))
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st)) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				/*
+				 * file disappeared, which is what we
+				 * wanted anyway
+				 */
+				continue;
+			/* fall thru */
+		} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (!remove_dir_recurse(path, flag, &kept_down))
 				continue; /* happy */
-		} else if (!only_empty && !unlink(path->buf))
+		} else if (!only_empty &&
+			   (!unlink(path->buf) || errno == ENOENT)) {
 			continue; /* happy, too */
+		}
 
 		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
 		ret = -1;
@@ -1214,28 +2174,49 @@ int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
 	closedir(dir);
 
 	strbuf_setlen(path, original_len);
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = rmdir(path->buf);
+	if (!ret && !keep_toplevel && !kept_down)
+		ret = (!rmdir(path->buf) || errno == ENOENT) ? 0 : -1;
+	else if (kept_up)
+		/*
+		 * report the uplevel that it is not an error that we
+		 * did not rmdir() our directory.
+		 */
+		*kept_up = !ret;
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
+{
+	return remove_dir_recurse(path, flag, NULL);
+}
+
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_info_exclude, "info/exclude")
+
 void setup_standard_excludes(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	const char *path;
 
 	dir->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
-	path = git_path("info/exclude");
-	if (!access(path, R_OK))
-		add_excludes_from_file(dir, path);
-	if (excludes_file && !access(excludes_file, R_OK))
-		add_excludes_from_file(dir, excludes_file);
+
+	/* core.excludefile defaulting to $XDG_HOME/git/ignore */
+	if (!excludes_file)
+		excludes_file = xdg_config_home("ignore");
+	if (excludes_file && !access_or_warn(excludes_file, R_OK, 0))
+		add_excludes_from_file_1(dir, excludes_file,
+					 dir->untracked ? &dir->ss_excludes_file : NULL);
+
+	/* per repository user preference */
+	path = git_path_info_exclude();
+	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK, 0))
+		add_excludes_from_file_1(dir, path,
+					 dir->untracked ? &dir->ss_info_exclude : NULL);
 }
 
 int remove_path(const char *name)
 {
 	char *slash;
 
-	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 		return -1;
 
 	slash = strrchr(name, '/');
@@ -1250,50 +2231,477 @@ int remove_path(const char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pathspec_item_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within dir which was allocated for exclude lists and
+ * the exclude_stack.  Does not free dir itself.
+ */
+void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_stack *stk;
+
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = 0; j < group->nr; j++) {
+			el = &group->el[j];
+			if (i == EXC_DIRS)
+				free((char *)el->src);
+			clear_exclude_list(el);
+		}
+		free(group->el);
+	}
+
+	stk = dir->exclude_stack;
+	while (stk) {
+		struct exclude_stack *prev = stk->prev;
+		free(stk);
+		stk = prev;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&dir->basebuf);
+}
+
+struct ondisk_untracked_cache {
+	struct stat_data info_exclude_stat;
+	struct stat_data excludes_file_stat;
+	uint32_t dir_flags;
+	unsigned char info_exclude_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char excludes_file_sha1[20];
+	char exclude_per_dir[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+#define ouc_size(len) (offsetof(struct ondisk_untracked_cache, exclude_per_dir) + len + 1)
+
+struct write_data {
+	int index;	   /* number of written untracked_cache_dir */
+	struct ewah_bitmap *check_only; /* from untracked_cache_dir */
+	struct ewah_bitmap *valid;	/* from untracked_cache_dir */
+	struct ewah_bitmap *sha1_valid; /* set if exclude_sha1 is not null */
+	struct strbuf out;
+	struct strbuf sb_stat;
+	struct strbuf sb_sha1;
+};
+
+static void stat_data_to_disk(struct stat_data *to, const struct stat_data *from)
+{
+	to->sd_ctime.sec  = htonl(from->sd_ctime.sec);
+	to->sd_ctime.nsec = htonl(from->sd_ctime.nsec);
+	to->sd_mtime.sec  = htonl(from->sd_mtime.sec);
+	to->sd_mtime.nsec = htonl(from->sd_mtime.nsec);
+	to->sd_dev	  = htonl(from->sd_dev);
+	to->sd_ino	  = htonl(from->sd_ino);
+	to->sd_uid	  = htonl(from->sd_uid);
+	to->sd_gid	  = htonl(from->sd_gid);
+	to->sd_size	  = htonl(from->sd_size);
+}
+
+static void write_one_dir(struct untracked_cache_dir *untracked,
+			  struct write_data *wd)
 {
-	struct pathspec_item *a, *b;
+	struct stat_data stat_data;
+	struct strbuf *out = &wd->out;
+	unsigned char intbuf[16];
+	unsigned int intlen, value;
+	int i = wd->index++;
 
-	a = (struct pathspec_item *)a_;
-	b = (struct pathspec_item *)b_;
-	return strcmp(a->match, b->match);
+	/*
+	 * untracked_nr should be reset whenever valid is clear, but
+	 * for safety..
+	 */
+	if (!untracked->valid) {
+		untracked->untracked_nr = 0;
+		untracked->check_only = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (untracked->check_only)
+		ewah_set(wd->check_only, i);
+	if (untracked->valid) {
+		ewah_set(wd->valid, i);
+		stat_data_to_disk(&stat_data, &untracked->stat_data);
+		strbuf_add(&wd->sb_stat, &stat_data, sizeof(stat_data));
+	}
+	if (!is_null_sha1(untracked->exclude_sha1)) {
+		ewah_set(wd->sha1_valid, i);
+		strbuf_add(&wd->sb_sha1, untracked->exclude_sha1, 20);
+	}
+
+	intlen = encode_varint(untracked->untracked_nr, intbuf);
+	strbuf_add(out, intbuf, intlen);
+
+	/* skip non-recurse directories */
+	for (i = 0, value = 0; i < untracked->dirs_nr; i++)
+		if (untracked->dirs[i]->recurse)
+			value++;
+	intlen = encode_varint(value, intbuf);
+	strbuf_add(out, intbuf, intlen);
+
+	strbuf_add(out, untracked->name, strlen(untracked->name) + 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < untracked->untracked_nr; i++)
+		strbuf_add(out, untracked->untracked[i],
+			   strlen(untracked->untracked[i]) + 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < untracked->dirs_nr; i++)
+		if (untracked->dirs[i]->recurse)
+			write_one_dir(untracked->dirs[i], wd);
+}
+
+void write_untracked_extension(struct strbuf *out, struct untracked_cache *untracked)
+{
+	struct ondisk_untracked_cache *ouc;
+	struct write_data wd;
+	unsigned char varbuf[16];
+	int varint_len;
+	size_t len = strlen(untracked->exclude_per_dir);
+
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(ouc, exclude_per_dir, untracked->exclude_per_dir, len);
+	stat_data_to_disk(&ouc->info_exclude_stat, &untracked->ss_info_exclude.stat);
+	stat_data_to_disk(&ouc->excludes_file_stat, &untracked->ss_excludes_file.stat);
+	hashcpy(ouc->info_exclude_sha1, untracked->ss_info_exclude.sha1);
+	hashcpy(ouc->excludes_file_sha1, untracked->ss_excludes_file.sha1);
+	ouc->dir_flags = htonl(untracked->dir_flags);
+
+	varint_len = encode_varint(untracked->ident.len, varbuf);
+	strbuf_add(out, varbuf, varint_len);
+	strbuf_add(out, untracked->ident.buf, untracked->ident.len);
+
+	strbuf_add(out, ouc, ouc_size(len));
+	free(ouc);
+	ouc = NULL;
+
+	if (!untracked->root) {
+		varint_len = encode_varint(0, varbuf);
+		strbuf_add(out, varbuf, varint_len);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	wd.index      = 0;
+	wd.check_only = ewah_new();
+	wd.valid      = ewah_new();
+	wd.sha1_valid = ewah_new();
+	strbuf_init(&wd.out, 1024);
+	strbuf_init(&wd.sb_stat, 1024);
+	strbuf_init(&wd.sb_sha1, 1024);
+	write_one_dir(untracked->root, &wd);
+
+	varint_len = encode_varint(wd.index, varbuf);
+	strbuf_add(out, varbuf, varint_len);
+	strbuf_addbuf(out, &wd.out);
+	ewah_serialize_strbuf(wd.valid, out);
+	ewah_serialize_strbuf(wd.check_only, out);
+	ewah_serialize_strbuf(wd.sha1_valid, out);
+	strbuf_addbuf(out, &wd.sb_stat);
+	strbuf_addbuf(out, &wd.sb_sha1);
+	strbuf_addch(out, '\0'); /* safe guard for string lists */
+
+	ewah_free(wd.valid);
+	ewah_free(wd.check_only);
+	ewah_free(wd.sha1_valid);
+	strbuf_release(&wd.out);
+	strbuf_release(&wd.sb_stat);
+	strbuf_release(&wd.sb_sha1);
 }
 
-int init_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec, const char **paths)
+static void free_untracked(struct untracked_cache_dir *ucd)
 {
-	const char **p = paths;
 	int i;
+	if (!ucd)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < ucd->dirs_nr; i++)
+		free_untracked(ucd->dirs[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i < ucd->untracked_nr; i++)
+		free(ucd->untracked[i]);
+	free(ucd->untracked);
+	free(ucd->dirs);
+	free(ucd);
+}
 
-	memset(pathspec, 0, sizeof(*pathspec));
-	if (!p)
-		return 0;
-	while (*p)
-		p++;
-	pathspec->raw = paths;
-	pathspec->nr = p - paths;
-	if (!pathspec->nr)
-		return 0;
+void free_untracked_cache(struct untracked_cache *uc)
+{
+	if (uc)
+		free_untracked(uc->root);
+	free(uc);
+}
+
+struct read_data {
+	int index;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir **ucd;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *check_only;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *valid;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *sha1_valid;
+	const unsigned char *data;
+	const unsigned char *end;
+};
+
+static void stat_data_from_disk(struct stat_data *to, const struct stat_data *from)
+{
+	to->sd_ctime.sec  = get_be32(&from->sd_ctime.sec);
+	to->sd_ctime.nsec = get_be32(&from->sd_ctime.nsec);
+	to->sd_mtime.sec  = get_be32(&from->sd_mtime.sec);
+	to->sd_mtime.nsec = get_be32(&from->sd_mtime.nsec);
+	to->sd_dev	  = get_be32(&from->sd_dev);
+	to->sd_ino	  = get_be32(&from->sd_ino);
+	to->sd_uid	  = get_be32(&from->sd_uid);
+	to->sd_gid	  = get_be32(&from->sd_gid);
+	to->sd_size	  = get_be32(&from->sd_size);
+}
+
+static int read_one_dir(struct untracked_cache_dir **untracked_,
+			struct read_data *rd)
+{
+	struct untracked_cache_dir ud, *untracked;
+	const unsigned char *next, *data = rd->data, *end = rd->end;
+	unsigned int value;
+	int i, len;
+
+	memset(&ud, 0, sizeof(ud));
 
-	pathspec->items = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pathspec_item)*pathspec->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
-		struct pathspec_item *item = pathspec->items+i;
-		const char *path = paths[i];
+	next = data;
+	value = decode_varint(&next);
+	if (next > end)
+		return -1;
+	ud.recurse	   = 1;
+	ud.untracked_alloc = value;
+	ud.untracked_nr	   = value;
+	if (ud.untracked_nr)
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(ud.untracked, ud.untracked_nr);
+	data = next;
+
+	next = data;
+	ud.dirs_alloc = ud.dirs_nr = decode_varint(&next);
+	if (next > end)
+		return -1;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(ud.dirs, ud.dirs_nr);
+	data = next;
 
-		item->match = path;
-		item->len = strlen(path);
-		item->use_wildcard = !no_wildcard(path);
-		if (item->use_wildcard)
-			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+	len = strlen((const char *)data);
+	next = data + len + 1;
+	if (next > rd->end)
+		return -1;
+	*untracked_ = untracked = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(*untracked), len));
+	memcpy(untracked, &ud, sizeof(ud));
+	memcpy(untracked->name, data, len + 1);
+	data = next;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < untracked->untracked_nr; i++) {
+		len = strlen((const char *)data);
+		next = data + len + 1;
+		if (next > rd->end)
+			return -1;
+		untracked->untracked[i] = xstrdup((const char*)data);
+		data = next;
 	}
 
-	qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
-	      sizeof(struct pathspec_item), pathspec_item_cmp);
+	rd->ucd[rd->index++] = untracked;
+	rd->data = data;
 
+	for (i = 0; i < untracked->dirs_nr; i++) {
+		len = read_one_dir(untracked->dirs + i, rd);
+		if (len < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
+static void set_check_only(size_t pos, void *cb)
+{
+	struct read_data *rd = cb;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *ud = rd->ucd[pos];
+	ud->check_only = 1;
+}
+
+static void read_stat(size_t pos, void *cb)
+{
+	struct read_data *rd = cb;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *ud = rd->ucd[pos];
+	if (rd->data + sizeof(struct stat_data) > rd->end) {
+		rd->data = rd->end + 1;
+		return;
+	}
+	stat_data_from_disk(&ud->stat_data, (struct stat_data *)rd->data);
+	rd->data += sizeof(struct stat_data);
+	ud->valid = 1;
+}
+
+static void read_sha1(size_t pos, void *cb)
+{
+	struct read_data *rd = cb;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *ud = rd->ucd[pos];
+	if (rd->data + 20 > rd->end) {
+		rd->data = rd->end + 1;
+		return;
+	}
+	hashcpy(ud->exclude_sha1, rd->data);
+	rd->data += 20;
+}
+
+static void load_sha1_stat(struct sha1_stat *sha1_stat,
+			   const struct stat_data *stat,
+			   const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	stat_data_from_disk(&sha1_stat->stat, stat);
+	hashcpy(sha1_stat->sha1, sha1);
+	sha1_stat->valid = 1;
+}
+
+struct untracked_cache *read_untracked_extension(const void *data, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	const struct ondisk_untracked_cache *ouc;
+	struct untracked_cache *uc;
+	struct read_data rd;
+	const unsigned char *next = data, *end = (const unsigned char *)data + sz;
+	const char *ident;
+	int ident_len, len;
+
+	if (sz <= 1 || end[-1] != '\0')
+		return NULL;
+	end--;
+
+	ident_len = decode_varint(&next);
+	if (next + ident_len > end)
+		return NULL;
+	ident = (const char *)next;
+	next += ident_len;
+
+	ouc = (const struct ondisk_untracked_cache *)next;
+	if (next + ouc_size(0) > end)
+		return NULL;
+
+	uc = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*uc));
+	strbuf_init(&uc->ident, ident_len);
+	strbuf_add(&uc->ident, ident, ident_len);
+	load_sha1_stat(&uc->ss_info_exclude, &ouc->info_exclude_stat,
+		       ouc->info_exclude_sha1);
+	load_sha1_stat(&uc->ss_excludes_file, &ouc->excludes_file_stat,
+		       ouc->excludes_file_sha1);
+	uc->dir_flags = get_be32(&ouc->dir_flags);
+	uc->exclude_per_dir = xstrdup(ouc->exclude_per_dir);
+	/* NUL after exclude_per_dir is covered by sizeof(*ouc) */
+	next += ouc_size(strlen(ouc->exclude_per_dir));
+	if (next >= end)
+		goto done2;
+
+	len = decode_varint(&next);
+	if (next > end || len == 0)
+		goto done2;
+
+	rd.valid      = ewah_new();
+	rd.check_only = ewah_new();
+	rd.sha1_valid = ewah_new();
+	rd.data	      = next;
+	rd.end	      = end;
+	rd.index      = 0;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(rd.ucd, len);
+
+	if (read_one_dir(&uc->root, &rd) || rd.index != len)
+		goto done;
+
+	next = rd.data;
+	len = ewah_read_mmap(rd.valid, next, end - next);
+	if (len < 0)
+		goto done;
+
+	next += len;
+	len = ewah_read_mmap(rd.check_only, next, end - next);
+	if (len < 0)
+		goto done;
+
+	next += len;
+	len = ewah_read_mmap(rd.sha1_valid, next, end - next);
+	if (len < 0)
+		goto done;
+
+	ewah_each_bit(rd.check_only, set_check_only, &rd);
+	rd.data = next + len;
+	ewah_each_bit(rd.valid, read_stat, &rd);
+	ewah_each_bit(rd.sha1_valid, read_sha1, &rd);
+	next = rd.data;
+
+done:
+	free(rd.ucd);
+	ewah_free(rd.valid);
+	ewah_free(rd.check_only);
+	ewah_free(rd.sha1_valid);
+done2:
+	if (next != end) {
+		free_untracked_cache(uc);
+		uc = NULL;
+	}
+	return uc;
+}
+
+static void invalidate_one_directory(struct untracked_cache *uc,
+				     struct untracked_cache_dir *ucd)
+{
+	uc->dir_invalidated++;
+	ucd->valid = 0;
+	ucd->untracked_nr = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Normally when an entry is added or removed from a directory,
+ * invalidating that directory is enough. No need to touch its
+ * ancestors. When a directory is shown as "foo/bar/" in git-status
+ * however, deleting or adding an entry may have cascading effect.
+ *
+ * Say the "foo/bar/file" has become untracked, we need to tell the
+ * untracked_cache_dir of "foo" that "bar/" is not an untracked
+ * directory any more (because "bar" is managed by foo as an untracked
+ * "file").
+ *
+ * Similarly, if "foo/bar/file" moves from untracked to tracked and it
+ * was the last untracked entry in the entire "foo", we should show
+ * "foo/" instead. Which means we have to invalidate past "bar" up to
+ * "foo".
+ *
+ * This function traverses all directories from root to leaf. If there
+ * is a chance of one of the above cases happening, we invalidate back
+ * to root. Otherwise we just invalidate the leaf. There may be a more
+ * sophisticated way than checking for SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES to
+ * detect these cases and avoid unnecessary invalidation, for example,
+ * checking for the untracked entry named "bar/" in "foo", but for now
+ * stick to something safe and simple.
+ */
+static int invalidate_one_component(struct untracked_cache *uc,
+				    struct untracked_cache_dir *dir,
+				    const char *path, int len)
+{
+	const char *rest = strchr(path, '/');
+
+	if (rest) {
+		int component_len = rest - path;
+		struct untracked_cache_dir *d =
+			lookup_untracked(uc, dir, path, component_len);
+		int ret =
+			invalidate_one_component(uc, d, rest + 1,
+						 len - (component_len + 1));
+		if (ret)
+			invalidate_one_directory(uc, dir);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	invalidate_one_directory(uc, dir);
+	return uc->dir_flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
+}
+
+void untracked_cache_invalidate_path(struct index_state *istate,
+				     const char *path)
+{
+	if (!istate->untracked || !istate->untracked->root)
+		return;
+	invalidate_one_component(istate->untracked, istate->untracked->root,
+				 path, strlen(path));
+}
+
+void untracked_cache_remove_from_index(struct index_state *istate,
+				       const char *path)
+{
+	untracked_cache_invalidate_path(istate, path);
+}
+
+void untracked_cache_add_to_index(struct index_state *istate,
+				  const char *path)
 {
-	free(pathspec->items);
-	pathspec->items = NULL;
+	untracked_cache_invalidate_path(istate, path);
 }
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index dd6947e1d4..bfde698c48 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -1,34 +1,144 @@
 #ifndef DIR_H
 #define DIR_H
 
+/* See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt */
+
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
 struct dir_entry {
 	unsigned int len;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
 #define EXC_FLAG_NODIR 1
-#define EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD 2
 #define EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH 4
 #define EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR 8
+#define EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE 16
+
+struct exclude {
+	/*
+	 * This allows callers of last_exclude_matching() etc.
+	 * to determine the origin of the matching pattern.
+	 */
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+
+	const char *pattern;
+	int patternlen;
+	int nowildcardlen;
+	const char *base;
+	int baselen;
+	unsigned flags;		/* EXC_FLAG_* */
+
+	/*
+	 * Counting starts from 1 for line numbers in ignore files,
+	 * and from -1 decrementing for patterns from CLI args.
+	 */
+	int srcpos;
+};
 
+/*
+ * Each excludes file will be parsed into a fresh exclude_list which
+ * is appended to the relevant exclude_list_group (either EXC_DIRS or
+ * EXC_FILE).  An exclude_list within the EXC_CMDL exclude_list_group
+ * can also be used to represent the list of --exclude values passed
+ * via CLI args.
+ */
 struct exclude_list {
 	int nr;
 	int alloc;
-	struct exclude {
-		const char *pattern;
-		int patternlen;
-		const char *base;
-		int baselen;
-		int to_exclude;
-		int flags;
-	} **excludes;
+
+	/* remember pointer to exclude file contents so we can free() */
+	char *filebuf;
+
+	/* origin of list, e.g. path to filename, or descriptive string */
+	const char *src;
+
+	struct exclude **excludes;
 };
 
+/*
+ * The contents of the per-directory exclude files are lazily read on
+ * demand and then cached in memory, one per exclude_stack struct, in
+ * order to avoid opening and parsing each one every time that
+ * directory is traversed.
+ */
 struct exclude_stack {
-	struct exclude_stack *prev;
-	char *filebuf;
+	struct exclude_stack *prev; /* the struct exclude_stack for the parent directory */
 	int baselen;
-	int exclude_ix;
+	int exclude_ix; /* index of exclude_list within EXC_DIRS exclude_list_group */
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *ucd;
+};
+
+struct exclude_list_group {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+};
+
+struct sha1_stat {
+	struct stat_data stat;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int valid;
+};
+
+/*
+ *  Untracked cache
+ *
+ *  The following inputs are sufficient to determine what files in a
+ *  directory are excluded:
+ *
+ *   - The list of files and directories of the directory in question
+ *   - The $GIT_DIR/index
+ *   - dir_struct flags
+ *   - The content of $GIT_DIR/info/exclude
+ *   - The content of core.excludesfile
+ *   - The content (or the lack) of .gitignore of all parent directories
+ *     from $GIT_WORK_TREE
+ *   - The check_only flag in read_directory_recursive (for
+ *     DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES)
+ *
+ *  The first input can be checked using directory mtime. In many
+ *  filesystems, directory mtime (stat_data field) is updated when its
+ *  files or direct subdirs are added or removed.
+ *
+ *  The second one can be hooked from cache_tree_invalidate_path().
+ *  Whenever a file (or a submodule) is added or removed from a
+ *  directory, we invalidate that directory.
+ *
+ *  The remaining inputs are easy, their SHA-1 could be used to verify
+ *  their contents (exclude_sha1[], info_exclude_sha1[] and
+ *  excludes_file_sha1[])
+ */
+struct untracked_cache_dir {
+	struct untracked_cache_dir **dirs;
+	char **untracked;
+	struct stat_data stat_data;
+	unsigned int untracked_alloc, dirs_nr, dirs_alloc;
+	unsigned int untracked_nr;
+	unsigned int check_only : 1;
+	/* all data except 'dirs' in this struct are good */
+	unsigned int valid : 1;
+	unsigned int recurse : 1;
+	/* null SHA-1 means this directory does not have .gitignore */
+	unsigned char exclude_sha1[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct untracked_cache {
+	struct sha1_stat ss_info_exclude;
+	struct sha1_stat ss_excludes_file;
+	const char *exclude_per_dir;
+	struct strbuf ident;
+	/*
+	 * dir_struct#flags must match dir_flags or the untracked
+	 * cache is ignored.
+	 */
+	unsigned dir_flags;
+	struct untracked_cache_dir *root;
+	/* Statistics */
+	int dir_created;
+	int gitignore_invalidated;
+	int dir_invalidated;
+	int dir_opened;
 };
 
 struct dir_struct {
@@ -39,51 +149,103 @@ struct dir_struct {
 		DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES = 1<<1,
 		DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES = 1<<2,
 		DIR_NO_GITLINKS = 1<<3,
-		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4
+		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4,
+		DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO = 1<<5,
+		DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY = 1<<6
 	} flags;
 	struct dir_entry **entries;
 	struct dir_entry **ignored;
 
 	/* Exclude info */
 	const char *exclude_per_dir;
-	struct exclude_list exclude_list[3];
+
 	/*
-	 * We maintain three exclude pattern lists:
+	 * We maintain three groups of exclude pattern lists:
+	 *
 	 * EXC_CMDL lists patterns explicitly given on the command line.
 	 * EXC_DIRS lists patterns obtained from per-directory ignore files.
-	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files.
+	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files, e.g.
+	 *   - .git/info/exclude
+	 *   - core.excludesfile
+	 *
+	 * Each group contains multiple exclude lists, a single list
+	 * per source.
 	 */
 #define EXC_CMDL 0
 #define EXC_DIRS 1
 #define EXC_FILE 2
+	struct exclude_list_group exclude_list_group[3];
 
+	/*
+	 * Temporary variables which are used during loading of the
+	 * per-directory exclude lists.
+	 *
+	 * exclude_stack points to the top of the exclude_stack, and
+	 * basebuf contains the full path to the current
+	 * (sub)directory in the traversal. Exclude points to the
+	 * matching exclude struct if the directory is excluded.
+	 */
 	struct exclude_stack *exclude_stack;
-	char basebuf[PATH_MAX];
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	struct strbuf basebuf;
+
+	/* Enable untracked file cache if set */
+	struct untracked_cache *untracked;
+	struct sha1_stat ss_info_exclude;
+	struct sha1_stat ss_excludes_file;
+	unsigned unmanaged_exclude_files;
 };
 
+/*
+ * The ordering of these constants is significant, with
+ * higher-numbered match types signifying "closer" (i.e. more
+ * specific) matches which will override lower-numbered match types
+ * when populating the seen[] array.
+ */
 #define MATCHED_RECURSIVELY 1
 #define MATCHED_FNMATCH 2
 #define MATCHED_EXACTLY 3
-extern char *common_prefix(const char **pathspec);
-extern int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen, int prefix, char *seen);
-extern int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-				const char *name, int namelen,
-				int prefix, char *seen);
+extern int simple_length(const char *match);
+extern int no_wildcard(const char *string);
+extern char *common_prefix(const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern int match_pathspec(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			  const char *name, int namelen,
+			  int prefix, char *seen, int is_dir);
+extern int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const struct pathspec *pathspec, const char *prefix);
 extern int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen, int depth, int max_depth);
 
-extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec);
-extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec);
+extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
-extern int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
-			      int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
-extern int excluded(struct dir_struct *, const char *, int *);
+extern int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+				 int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
 struct dir_entry *dir_add_ignored(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len);
+
+/*
+ * these implement the matching logic for dir.c:excluded_from_list and
+ * attr.c:path_matches()
+ */
+extern int match_basename(const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int, int, unsigned);
+extern int match_pathname(const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int, int, unsigned);
+
+extern struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *name, int *dtype);
+
+extern int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *name, int *dtype);
+
+extern struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     int group_type, const char *src);
 extern int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
-					  char **buf_p, struct exclude_list *which, int check_index);
+					  struct exclude_list *el, int check_index);
 extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
+extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string, int *patternlen, unsigned *flags, int *nowildcardlen);
 extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-			int baselen, struct exclude_list *which);
-extern void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el);
+			int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos);
+extern void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el);
+extern void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir);
 extern int file_exists(const char *);
 
 extern int is_inside_dir(const char *dir);
@@ -102,13 +264,48 @@ extern void setup_standard_excludes(struct dir_struct *dir);
 
 #define REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY 01
 #define REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT 02
+#define REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL 04
 extern int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag);
 
 /* tries to remove the path with empty directories along it, ignores ENOENT */
 extern int remove_path(const char *path);
 
-extern int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b);
-extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
-extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
+extern int fspathcmp(const char *a, const char *b);
+extern int fspathncmp(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
+
+/*
+ * The prefix part of pattern must not contains wildcards.
+ */
+struct pathspec_item;
+extern int git_fnmatch(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		       int prefix);
+
+static inline int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+				char *seen)
+{
+	return match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen,
+			      S_ISDIR(ce->ce_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode));
+}
+
+static inline int dir_path_match(const struct dir_entry *ent,
+				 const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+				 int prefix, char *seen)
+{
+	int has_trailing_dir = ent->len && ent->name[ent->len - 1] == '/';
+	int len = has_trailing_dir ? ent->len - 1 : ent->len;
+	return match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, len, prefix, seen,
+			      has_trailing_dir);
+}
+
+void untracked_cache_invalidate_path(struct index_state *, const char *);
+void untracked_cache_remove_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *);
+void untracked_cache_add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *);
 
+void free_untracked_cache(struct untracked_cache *);
+struct untracked_cache *read_untracked_extension(const void *data, unsigned long sz);
+void write_untracked_extension(struct strbuf *out, struct untracked_cache *untracked);
+void add_untracked_cache(struct index_state *istate);
+void remove_untracked_cache(struct index_state *istate);
 #endif
diff --git a/editor.c b/editor.c
index d8340031d2..7519edecdc 100644
--- a/editor.c
+++ b/editor.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #ifndef DEFAULT_EDITOR
 #define DEFAULT_EDITOR "vi"
@@ -36,9 +37,25 @@ int launch_editor(const char *path, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *const *en
 		return error("Terminal is dumb, but EDITOR unset");
 
 	if (strcmp(editor, ":")) {
-		const char *args[] = { editor, path, NULL };
+		const char *args[] = { editor, real_path(path), NULL };
+		struct child_process p = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+		int ret, sig;
 
-		if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(args, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env))
+		p.argv = args;
+		p.env = env;
+		p.use_shell = 1;
+		if (start_command(&p) < 0)
+			return error("unable to start editor '%s'", editor);
+
+		sigchain_push(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+		sigchain_push(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
+		ret = finish_command(&p);
+		sig = ret - 128;
+		sigchain_pop(SIGINT);
+		sigchain_pop(SIGQUIT);
+		if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGQUIT)
+			raise(sig);
+		if (ret)
 			return error("There was a problem with the editor '%s'.",
 					editor);
 	}
@@ -46,7 +63,6 @@ int launch_editor(const char *path, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *const *en
 	if (!buffer)
 		return 0;
 	if (strbuf_read_file(buffer, path, 0) < 0)
-		return error("could not read file '%s': %s",
-				path, strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno("could not read file '%s'", path);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/entry.c b/entry.c
index 852fea1395..519e04227b 100644
--- a/entry.c
+++ b/entry.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 static void create_directories(const char *path, int path_len,
 			       const struct checkout *state)
 {
-	char *buf = xmalloc(path_len + 1);
+	char *buf = xmallocz(path_len);
 	int len = 0;
 
 	while (len < path_len) {
@@ -44,33 +44,33 @@ static void create_directories(const char *path, int path_len,
 	free(buf);
 }
 
-static void remove_subtree(const char *path)
+static void remove_subtree(struct strbuf *path)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path->buf);
 	struct dirent *de;
-	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
-	char *name;
+	int origlen = path->len;
 
 	if (!dir)
-		die_errno("cannot opendir '%s'", path);
-	strcpy(pathbuf, path);
-	name = pathbuf + strlen(path);
-	*name++ = '/';
+		die_errno("cannot opendir '%s'", path->buf);
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 		struct stat st;
+
 		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
 			continue;
-		strcpy(name, de->d_name);
-		if (lstat(pathbuf, &st))
-			die_errno("cannot lstat '%s'", pathbuf);
+
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+		strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			die_errno("cannot lstat '%s'", path->buf);
 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-			remove_subtree(pathbuf);
-		else if (unlink(pathbuf))
-			die_errno("cannot unlink '%s'", pathbuf);
+			remove_subtree(path);
+		else if (unlink(path->buf))
+			die_errno("cannot unlink '%s'", path->buf);
+		strbuf_setlen(path, origlen);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
-	if (rmdir(path))
-		die_errno("cannot rmdir '%s'", path);
+	if (rmdir(path->buf))
+		die_errno("cannot rmdir '%s'", path->buf);
 }
 
 static int create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static int create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode)
 	return open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode);
 }
 
-static void *read_blob_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
+static void *read_blob_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *new = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, size);
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ static void *read_blob_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int open_output_fd(char *path, struct cache_entry *ce, int to_tempfile)
+static int open_output_fd(char *path, const struct cache_entry *ce, int to_tempfile)
 {
 	int symlink = (ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFREG;
 	if (to_tempfile) {
-		strcpy(path, symlink
-		       ? ".merge_link_XXXXXX" : ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
+		xsnprintf(path, TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH, "%s",
+			  symlink ? ".merge_link_XXXXXX" : ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
 		return mkstemp(path);
 	} else {
 		return create_file(path, !symlink ? ce->ce_mode : 0666);
@@ -115,69 +115,29 @@ static int fstat_output(int fd, const struct checkout *state, struct stat *st)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int streaming_write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path,
+static int streaming_write_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, char *path,
 				 struct stream_filter *filter,
 				 const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile,
 				 int *fstat_done, struct stat *statbuf)
 {
-	struct git_istream *st;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long sz;
-	int result = -1;
-	ssize_t kept = 0;
-	int fd = -1;
-
-	st = open_istream(ce->sha1, &type, &sz, filter);
-	if (!st)
-		return -1;
-	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
-		goto close_and_exit;
+	int result = 0;
+	int fd;
 
 	fd = open_output_fd(path, ce, to_tempfile);
 	if (fd < 0)
-		goto close_and_exit;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		char buf[1024 * 16];
-		ssize_t wrote, holeto;
-		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
-
-		if (!readlen)
-			break;
-		if (sizeof(buf) == readlen) {
-			for (holeto = 0; holeto < readlen; holeto++)
-				if (buf[holeto])
-					break;
-			if (readlen == holeto) {
-				kept += holeto;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (kept && lseek(fd, kept, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
-			goto close_and_exit;
-		else
-			kept = 0;
-		wrote = write_in_full(fd, buf, readlen);
+		return -1;
 
-		if (wrote != readlen)
-			goto close_and_exit;
-	}
-	if (kept && (lseek(fd, kept - 1, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1 ||
-		     write(fd, "", 1) != 1))
-		goto close_and_exit;
+	result |= stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
 	*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
+	result |= close(fd);
 
-close_and_exit:
-	close_istream(st);
-	if (0 <= fd)
-		result = close(fd);
-	if (result && 0 <= fd)
+	if (result)
 		unlink(path);
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
+static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+		       char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
 {
 	unsigned int ce_mode_s_ifmt = ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT;
 	int fd, ret, fstat_done = 0;
@@ -188,7 +148,7 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFREG) {
-		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(path, ce->sha1);
+		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(ce->name, ce->sha1);
 		if (filter &&
 		    !streaming_write_entry(ce, path, filter,
 					   state, to_tempfile,
@@ -208,8 +168,8 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 			ret = symlink(new, path);
 			free(new);
 			if (ret)
-				return error("unable to create symlink %s (%s)",
-					     path, strerror(errno));
+				return error_errno("unable to create symlink %s",
+						   path);
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -226,8 +186,7 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 		fd = open_output_fd(path, ce, to_tempfile);
 		if (fd < 0) {
 			free(new);
-			return error("unable to create file %s (%s)",
-				path, strerror(errno));
+			return error_errno("unable to create file %s", path);
 		}
 
 		wrote = write_in_full(fd, new, size);
@@ -240,9 +199,9 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 		break;
 	case S_IFGITLINK:
 		if (to_tempfile)
-			return error("cannot create temporary subproject %s", path);
+			return error("cannot create temporary submodule %s", path);
 		if (mkdir(path, 0777) < 0)
-			return error("cannot create subproject directory %s", path);
+			return error("cannot create submodule directory %s", path);
 		break;
 	default:
 		return error("unknown file mode for %s in index", path);
@@ -250,9 +209,12 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 
 finish:
 	if (state->refresh_cache) {
+		assert(state->istate);
 		if (!fstat_done)
 			lstat(ce->name, &st);
 		fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+		state->istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -274,26 +236,36 @@ static int check_path(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st, int skiplen)
 	return lstat(path, st);
 }
 
-int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
+/*
+ * Write the contents from ce out to the working tree.
+ *
+ * When topath[] is not NULL, instead of writing to the working tree
+ * file named by ce, a temporary file is created by this function and
+ * its name is returned in topath[], which must be able to hold at
+ * least TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH bytes long.
+ */
+int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+		   const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
 {
-	static char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct stat st;
-	int len = state->base_dir_len;
 
 	if (topath)
 		return write_entry(ce, topath, state, 1);
 
-	memcpy(path, state->base_dir, len);
-	strcpy(path + len, ce->name);
-	len += ce_namelen(ce);
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	strbuf_add(&path, state->base_dir, state->base_dir_len);
+	strbuf_add(&path, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 
-	if (!check_path(path, len, &st, state->base_dir_len)) {
+	if (!check_path(path.buf, path.len, &st, state->base_dir_len)) {
 		unsigned changed = ce_match_stat(ce, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 		if (!changed)
 			return 0;
 		if (!state->force) {
 			if (!state->quiet)
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s already exists, no checkout\n", path);
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"%s already exists, no checkout\n",
+					path.buf);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
@@ -308,12 +280,13 @@ int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *t
 			if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 				return 0;
 			if (!state->force)
-				return error("%s is a directory", path);
-			remove_subtree(path);
-		} else if (unlink(path))
-			return error("unable to unlink old '%s' (%s)", path, strerror(errno));
+				return error("%s is a directory", path.buf);
+			remove_subtree(&path);
+		} else if (unlink(path.buf))
+			return error_errno("unable to unlink old '%s'", path.buf);
 	} else if (state->not_new)
 		return 0;
-	create_directories(path, len, state);
-	return write_entry(ce, path, state, 0);
+
+	create_directories(path.buf, path.len, state);
+	return write_entry(ce, path.buf, state, 0);
 }
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index c93b8f44df..ca72464a98 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "fmt-merge-msg.h"
+#include "commit.h"
 
-char git_default_email[MAX_GITNAME];
-char git_default_name[MAX_GITNAME];
-int user_ident_explicitly_given;
 int trust_executable_bit = 1;
 int trust_ctime = 1;
+int check_stat = 1;
 int has_symlinks = 1;
 int minimum_abbrev = 4, default_abbrev = 7;
 int ignore_case;
@@ -24,35 +23,37 @@ int prefer_symlink_refs;
 int is_bare_repository_cfg = -1; /* unspecified */
 int log_all_ref_updates = -1; /* unspecified */
 int warn_ambiguous_refs = 1;
-int repository_format_version;
+int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 1;
+int ref_paranoia = -1;
+int repository_format_precious_objects;
 const char *git_commit_encoding;
 const char *git_log_output_encoding;
-int shared_repository = PERM_UMASK;
 const char *apply_default_whitespace;
 const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
 const char *git_attributes_file;
+const char *git_hooks_path;
 int zlib_compression_level = Z_BEST_SPEED;
 int core_compression_level;
 int core_compression_seen;
 int fsync_object_files;
 size_t packed_git_window_size = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_WINDOW_SIZE;
 size_t packed_git_limit = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_LIMIT;
-size_t delta_base_cache_limit = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+size_t delta_base_cache_limit = 96 * 1024 * 1024;
 unsigned long big_file_threshold = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
-const char *log_pack_access;
 const char *pager_program;
 int pager_use_color = 1;
 const char *editor_program;
 const char *askpass_program;
 const char *excludes_file;
 enum auto_crlf auto_crlf = AUTO_CRLF_FALSE;
-int read_replace_refs = 1; /* NEEDSWORK: rename to use_replace_refs */
+int check_replace_refs = 1;
+char *git_replace_ref_base;
 enum eol core_eol = EOL_UNSET;
 enum safe_crlf safe_crlf = SAFE_CRLF_WARN;
 unsigned whitespace_rule_cfg = WS_DEFAULT_RULE;
 enum branch_track git_branch_track = BRANCH_TRACK_REMOTE;
 enum rebase_setup_type autorebase = AUTOREBASE_NEVER;
-enum push_default_type push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING;
+enum push_default_type push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED;
 #ifndef OBJECT_CREATION_MODE
 #define OBJECT_CREATION_MODE OBJECT_CREATION_USES_HARDLINKS
 #endif
@@ -61,11 +62,36 @@ char *notes_ref_name;
 int grafts_replace_parents = 1;
 int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
 int merge_log_config = -1;
-struct startup_info *startup_info;
+int precomposed_unicode = -1; /* see probe_utf8_pathname_composition() */
 unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;
+enum hide_dotfiles_type hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
+
+#ifndef PROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT
+#define PROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT 0
+#endif
+int protect_hfs = PROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT;
+
+#ifndef PROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT
+#define PROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT 0
+#endif
+int protect_ntfs = PROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT;
+
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+char comment_line_char = '#';
+int auto_comment_line_char;
 
 /* Parallel index stat data preload? */
-int core_preload_index = 0;
+int core_preload_index = 1;
+
+/*
+ * This is a hack for test programs like test-dump-untracked-cache to
+ * ensure that they do not modify the untracked cache when reading it.
+ * Do not use it otherwise!
+ */
+int ignore_untracked_cache_config;
 
 /* This is set by setup_git_dir_gently() and/or git_default_config() */
 char *git_work_tree_cfg;
@@ -74,24 +100,28 @@ static char *work_tree;
 static const char *namespace;
 static size_t namespace_len;
 
-static const char *git_dir;
+static const char *git_dir, *git_common_dir;
 static char *git_object_dir, *git_index_file, *git_graft_file;
+int git_db_env, git_index_env, git_graft_env, git_common_dir_env;
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * Remember to update local_repo_env_size in cache.h when
- * the size of the list changes
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; see cache.h for details.
  */
-const char * const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1] = {
+const char * const local_repo_env[] = {
 	ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT,
 	DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT,
 	INDEX_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_REPLACE_REF_BASE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_COMMON_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -116,33 +146,48 @@ static char *expand_namespace(const char *raw_namespace)
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
+static char *git_path_from_env(const char *envvar, const char *git_dir,
+			       const char *path, int *fromenv)
+{
+	const char *value = getenv(envvar);
+	if (!value)
+		return xstrfmt("%s/%s", git_dir, path);
+	if (fromenv)
+		*fromenv = 1;
+	return xstrdup(value);
+}
+
 static void setup_git_env(void)
 {
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *gitfile;
+	const char *shallow_file;
+	const char *replace_ref_base;
+
 	git_dir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-	git_dir = git_dir ? xstrdup(git_dir) : NULL;
-	if (!git_dir) {
-		git_dir = read_gitfile(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-		git_dir = git_dir ? xstrdup(git_dir) : NULL;
-	}
 	if (!git_dir)
 		git_dir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
-	git_object_dir = getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if (!git_object_dir) {
-		git_object_dir = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 9);
-		sprintf(git_object_dir, "%s/objects", git_dir);
-	}
-	git_index_file = getenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if (!git_index_file) {
-		git_index_file = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 7);
-		sprintf(git_index_file, "%s/index", git_dir);
-	}
-	git_graft_file = getenv(GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if (!git_graft_file)
-		git_graft_file = git_pathdup("info/grafts");
+	gitfile = read_gitfile(git_dir);
+	git_dir = xstrdup(gitfile ? gitfile : git_dir);
+	if (get_common_dir(&sb, git_dir))
+		git_common_dir_env = 1;
+	git_common_dir = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	git_object_dir = git_path_from_env(DB_ENVIRONMENT, git_common_dir,
+					   "objects", &git_db_env);
+	git_index_file = git_path_from_env(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT, git_dir,
+					   "index", &git_index_env);
+	git_graft_file = git_path_from_env(GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT, git_common_dir,
+					   "info/grafts", &git_graft_env);
 	if (getenv(NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT))
-		read_replace_refs = 0;
+		check_replace_refs = 0;
+	replace_ref_base = getenv(GIT_REPLACE_REF_BASE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	git_replace_ref_base = xstrdup(replace_ref_base ? replace_ref_base
+							  : "refs/replace/");
 	namespace = expand_namespace(getenv(GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT));
 	namespace_len = strlen(namespace);
+	shallow_file = getenv(GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (shallow_file)
+		set_alternate_shallow_file(shallow_file, 0);
 }
 
 int is_bare_repository(void)
@@ -151,11 +196,6 @@ int is_bare_repository(void)
 	return is_bare_repository_cfg && !get_git_work_tree();
 }
 
-int have_git_dir(void)
-{
-	return !!git_dir;
-}
-
 const char *get_git_dir(void)
 {
 	if (!git_dir)
@@ -163,6 +203,11 @@ const char *get_git_dir(void)
 	return git_dir;
 }
 
+const char *get_git_common_dir(void)
+{
+	return git_common_dir;
+}
+
 const char *get_git_namespace(void)
 {
 	if (!namespace)
@@ -172,7 +217,7 @@ const char *get_git_namespace(void)
 
 const char *strip_namespace(const char *namespaced_ref)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(namespaced_ref, get_git_namespace()) != 0)
+	if (!starts_with(namespaced_ref, get_git_namespace()))
 		return NULL;
 	return namespaced_ref + namespace_len;
 }
@@ -232,7 +277,7 @@ int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern)
 	return xmkstemp_mode(template, mode);
 }
 
-int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1)
+int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int fd;
 
@@ -279,3 +324,24 @@ const char *get_commit_output_encoding(void)
 {
 	return git_commit_encoding ? git_commit_encoding : "UTF-8";
 }
+
+static int the_shared_repository = PERM_UMASK;
+static int need_shared_repository_from_config = 1;
+
+void set_shared_repository(int value)
+{
+	the_shared_repository = value;
+	need_shared_repository_from_config = 0;
+}
+
+int get_shared_repository(void)
+{
+	if (need_shared_repository_from_config) {
+		const char *var = "core.sharedrepository";
+		const char *value;
+		if (!git_config_get_value(var, &value))
+			the_shared_repository = git_config_perm(var, value);
+		need_shared_repository_from_config = 0;
+	}
+	return the_shared_repository;
+}
diff --git a/ewah/bitmap.c b/ewah/bitmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7103ceefbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/bitmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "ewok.h"
+
+#define EWAH_MASK(x) ((eword_t)1 << (x % BITS_IN_EWORD))
+#define EWAH_BLOCK(x) (x / BITS_IN_EWORD)
+
+struct bitmap *bitmap_new(void)
+{
+	struct bitmap *bitmap = xmalloc(sizeof(struct bitmap));
+	bitmap->words = xcalloc(32, sizeof(eword_t));
+	bitmap->word_alloc = 32;
+	return bitmap;
+}
+
+void bitmap_set(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos)
+{
+	size_t block = EWAH_BLOCK(pos);
+
+	if (block >= self->word_alloc) {
+		size_t old_size = self->word_alloc;
+		self->word_alloc = block * 2;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(self->words, self->word_alloc);
+		memset(self->words + old_size, 0x0,
+			(self->word_alloc - old_size) * sizeof(eword_t));
+	}
+
+	self->words[block] |= EWAH_MASK(pos);
+}
+
+void bitmap_clear(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos)
+{
+	size_t block = EWAH_BLOCK(pos);
+
+	if (block < self->word_alloc)
+		self->words[block] &= ~EWAH_MASK(pos);
+}
+
+int bitmap_get(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos)
+{
+	size_t block = EWAH_BLOCK(pos);
+	return block < self->word_alloc &&
+		(self->words[block] & EWAH_MASK(pos)) != 0;
+}
+
+struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap_to_ewah(struct bitmap *bitmap)
+{
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah = ewah_new();
+	size_t i, running_empty_words = 0;
+	eword_t last_word = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < bitmap->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		if (bitmap->words[i] == 0) {
+			running_empty_words++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (last_word != 0)
+			ewah_add(ewah, last_word);
+
+		if (running_empty_words > 0) {
+			ewah_add_empty_words(ewah, 0, running_empty_words);
+			running_empty_words = 0;
+		}
+
+		last_word = bitmap->words[i];
+	}
+
+	ewah_add(ewah, last_word);
+	return ewah;
+}
+
+struct bitmap *ewah_to_bitmap(struct ewah_bitmap *ewah)
+{
+	struct bitmap *bitmap = bitmap_new();
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t blowup;
+	size_t i = 0;
+
+	ewah_iterator_init(&it, ewah);
+
+	while (ewah_iterator_next(&blowup, &it)) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(bitmap->words, i + 1, bitmap->word_alloc);
+		bitmap->words[i++] = blowup;
+	}
+
+	bitmap->word_alloc = i;
+	return bitmap;
+}
+
+void bitmap_and_not(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *other)
+{
+	const size_t count = (self->word_alloc < other->word_alloc) ?
+		self->word_alloc : other->word_alloc;
+
+	size_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+		self->words[i] &= ~other->words[i];
+}
+
+void bitmap_or_ewah(struct bitmap *self, struct ewah_bitmap *other)
+{
+	size_t original_size = self->word_alloc;
+	size_t other_final = (other->bit_size / BITS_IN_EWORD) + 1;
+	size_t i = 0;
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t word;
+
+	if (self->word_alloc < other_final) {
+		self->word_alloc = other_final;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(self->words, self->word_alloc);
+		memset(self->words + original_size, 0x0,
+			(self->word_alloc - original_size) * sizeof(eword_t));
+	}
+
+	ewah_iterator_init(&it, other);
+
+	while (ewah_iterator_next(&word, &it))
+		self->words[i++] |= word;
+}
+
+void bitmap_each_bit(struct bitmap *self, ewah_callback callback, void *data)
+{
+	size_t pos = 0, i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < self->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		eword_t word = self->words[i];
+		uint32_t offset;
+
+		if (word == (eword_t)~0) {
+			for (offset = 0; offset < BITS_IN_EWORD; ++offset)
+				callback(pos++, data);
+		} else {
+			for (offset = 0; offset < BITS_IN_EWORD; ++offset) {
+				if ((word >> offset) == 0)
+					break;
+
+				offset += ewah_bit_ctz64(word >> offset);
+				callback(pos + offset, data);
+			}
+			pos += BITS_IN_EWORD;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+size_t bitmap_popcount(struct bitmap *self)
+{
+	size_t i, count = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < self->word_alloc; ++i)
+		count += ewah_bit_popcount64(self->words[i]);
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+int bitmap_equals(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *other)
+{
+	struct bitmap *big, *small;
+	size_t i;
+
+	if (self->word_alloc < other->word_alloc) {
+		small = self;
+		big = other;
+	} else {
+		small = other;
+		big = self;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < small->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		if (small->words[i] != big->words[i])
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (; i < big->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		if (big->words[i] != 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void bitmap_reset(struct bitmap *bitmap)
+{
+	memset(bitmap->words, 0x0, bitmap->word_alloc * sizeof(eword_t));
+}
+
+void bitmap_free(struct bitmap *bitmap)
+{
+	if (bitmap == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	free(bitmap->words);
+	free(bitmap);
+}
diff --git a/ewah/ewah_bitmap.c b/ewah/ewah_bitmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dc9c82ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewah_bitmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "ewok.h"
+#include "ewok_rlw.h"
+
+static inline size_t min_size(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	return a < b ? a : b;
+}
+
+static inline size_t max_size(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	return a > b ? a : b;
+}
+
+static inline void buffer_grow(struct ewah_bitmap *self, size_t new_size)
+{
+	size_t rlw_offset = (uint8_t *)self->rlw - (uint8_t *)self->buffer;
+
+	if (self->alloc_size >= new_size)
+		return;
+
+	self->alloc_size = new_size;
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(self->buffer, self->alloc_size);
+	self->rlw = self->buffer + (rlw_offset / sizeof(eword_t));
+}
+
+static inline void buffer_push(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t value)
+{
+	if (self->buffer_size + 1 >= self->alloc_size)
+		buffer_grow(self, self->buffer_size * 3 / 2);
+
+	self->buffer[self->buffer_size++] = value;
+}
+
+static void buffer_push_rlw(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t value)
+{
+	buffer_push(self, value);
+	self->rlw = self->buffer + self->buffer_size - 1;
+}
+
+static size_t add_empty_words(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int v, size_t number)
+{
+	size_t added = 0;
+	eword_t runlen, can_add;
+
+	if (rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) != v && rlw_size(self->rlw) == 0) {
+		rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+	} else if (rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) != 0 ||
+			rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) != v) {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+		if (v) rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		added++;
+	}
+
+	runlen = rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw);
+	can_add = min_size(number, RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT - runlen);
+
+	rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, runlen + can_add);
+	number -= can_add;
+
+	while (number >= RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT) {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+		added++;
+		if (v) rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT);
+		number -= RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT;
+	}
+
+	if (number > 0) {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+		added++;
+
+		if (v) rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, number);
+	}
+
+	return added;
+}
+
+size_t ewah_add_empty_words(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int v, size_t number)
+{
+	if (number == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	self->bit_size += number * BITS_IN_EWORD;
+	return add_empty_words(self, v, number);
+}
+
+static size_t add_literal(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t new_data)
+{
+	eword_t current_num = rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw);
+
+	if (current_num >= RLW_LARGEST_LITERAL_COUNT) {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+
+		rlw_set_literal_words(self->rlw, 1);
+		buffer_push(self, new_data);
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	rlw_set_literal_words(self->rlw, current_num + 1);
+
+	/* sanity check */
+	assert(rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == current_num + 1);
+
+	buffer_push(self, new_data);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void ewah_add_dirty_words(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *self, const eword_t *buffer,
+	size_t number, int negate)
+{
+	size_t literals, can_add;
+
+	while (1) {
+		literals = rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw);
+		can_add = min_size(number, RLW_LARGEST_LITERAL_COUNT - literals);
+
+		rlw_set_literal_words(self->rlw, literals + can_add);
+
+		if (self->buffer_size + can_add >= self->alloc_size)
+			buffer_grow(self, (self->buffer_size + can_add) * 3 / 2);
+
+		if (negate) {
+			size_t i;
+			for (i = 0; i < can_add; ++i)
+				self->buffer[self->buffer_size++] = ~buffer[i];
+		} else {
+			memcpy(self->buffer + self->buffer_size,
+				buffer, can_add * sizeof(eword_t));
+			self->buffer_size += can_add;
+		}
+
+		self->bit_size += can_add * BITS_IN_EWORD;
+
+		if (number - can_add == 0)
+			break;
+
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+		buffer += can_add;
+		number -= can_add;
+	}
+}
+
+static size_t add_empty_word(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int v)
+{
+	int no_literal = (rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == 0);
+	eword_t run_len = rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw);
+
+	if (no_literal && run_len == 0) {
+		rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		assert(rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) == v);
+	}
+
+	if (no_literal && rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) == v &&
+		run_len < RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT) {
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, run_len + 1);
+		assert(rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw) == run_len + 1);
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+
+		assert(rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw) == 0);
+		assert(rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) == 0);
+		assert(rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == 0);
+
+		rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		assert(rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) == v);
+
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, 1);
+		assert(rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw) == 1);
+		assert(rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == 0);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+size_t ewah_add(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t word)
+{
+	self->bit_size += BITS_IN_EWORD;
+
+	if (word == 0)
+		return add_empty_word(self, 0);
+
+	if (word == (eword_t)(~0))
+		return add_empty_word(self, 1);
+
+	return add_literal(self, word);
+}
+
+void ewah_set(struct ewah_bitmap *self, size_t i)
+{
+	const size_t dist =
+		(i + BITS_IN_EWORD) / BITS_IN_EWORD -
+		(self->bit_size + BITS_IN_EWORD - 1) / BITS_IN_EWORD;
+
+	assert(i >= self->bit_size);
+
+	self->bit_size = i + 1;
+
+	if (dist > 0) {
+		if (dist > 1)
+			add_empty_words(self, 0, dist - 1);
+
+		add_literal(self, (eword_t)1 << (i % BITS_IN_EWORD));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == 0) {
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw,
+			rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw) - 1);
+		add_literal(self, (eword_t)1 << (i % BITS_IN_EWORD));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	self->buffer[self->buffer_size - 1] |=
+		((eword_t)1 << (i % BITS_IN_EWORD));
+
+	/* check if we just completed a stream of 1s */
+	if (self->buffer[self->buffer_size - 1] == (eword_t)(~0)) {
+		self->buffer[--self->buffer_size] = 0;
+		rlw_set_literal_words(self->rlw,
+			rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) - 1);
+		add_empty_word(self, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+void ewah_each_bit(struct ewah_bitmap *self, void (*callback)(size_t, void*), void *payload)
+{
+	size_t pos = 0;
+	size_t pointer = 0;
+	size_t k;
+
+	while (pointer < self->buffer_size) {
+		eword_t *word = &self->buffer[pointer];
+
+		if (rlw_get_run_bit(word)) {
+			size_t len = rlw_get_running_len(word) * BITS_IN_EWORD;
+			for (k = 0; k < len; ++k, ++pos)
+				callback(pos, payload);
+		} else {
+			pos += rlw_get_running_len(word) * BITS_IN_EWORD;
+		}
+
+		++pointer;
+
+		for (k = 0; k < rlw_get_literal_words(word); ++k) {
+			int c;
+
+			/* todo: zero count optimization */
+			for (c = 0; c < BITS_IN_EWORD; ++c, ++pos) {
+				if ((self->buffer[pointer] & ((eword_t)1 << c)) != 0)
+					callback(pos, payload);
+			}
+
+			++pointer;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_new(void)
+{
+	struct ewah_bitmap *self;
+
+	self = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ewah_bitmap));
+	self->alloc_size = 32;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(self->buffer, self->alloc_size);
+
+	ewah_clear(self);
+	return self;
+}
+
+void ewah_clear(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	self->buffer_size = 1;
+	self->buffer[0] = 0;
+	self->bit_size = 0;
+	self->rlw = self->buffer;
+}
+
+void ewah_free(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	if (!self)
+		return;
+
+	if (self->alloc_size)
+		free(self->buffer);
+
+	free(self);
+}
+
+static void read_new_rlw(struct ewah_iterator *it)
+{
+	const eword_t *word = NULL;
+
+	it->literals = 0;
+	it->compressed = 0;
+
+	while (1) {
+		word = &it->buffer[it->pointer];
+
+		it->rl = rlw_get_running_len(word);
+		it->lw = rlw_get_literal_words(word);
+		it->b = rlw_get_run_bit(word);
+
+		if (it->rl || it->lw)
+			return;
+
+		if (it->pointer < it->buffer_size - 1) {
+			it->pointer++;
+		} else {
+			it->pointer = it->buffer_size;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int ewah_iterator_next(eword_t *next, struct ewah_iterator *it)
+{
+	if (it->pointer >= it->buffer_size)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (it->compressed < it->rl) {
+		it->compressed++;
+		*next = it->b ? (eword_t)(~0) : 0;
+	} else {
+		assert(it->literals < it->lw);
+
+		it->literals++;
+		it->pointer++;
+
+		assert(it->pointer < it->buffer_size);
+
+		*next = it->buffer[it->pointer];
+	}
+
+	if (it->compressed == it->rl && it->literals == it->lw) {
+		if (++it->pointer < it->buffer_size)
+			read_new_rlw(it);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void ewah_iterator_init(struct ewah_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *parent)
+{
+	it->buffer = parent->buffer;
+	it->buffer_size = parent->buffer_size;
+	it->pointer = 0;
+
+	it->lw = 0;
+	it->rl = 0;
+	it->compressed = 0;
+	it->literals = 0;
+	it->b = 0;
+
+	if (it->pointer < it->buffer_size)
+		read_new_rlw(it);
+}
+
+void ewah_not(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	size_t pointer = 0;
+
+	while (pointer < self->buffer_size) {
+		eword_t *word = &self->buffer[pointer];
+		size_t literals, k;
+
+		rlw_xor_run_bit(word);
+		++pointer;
+
+		literals = rlw_get_literal_words(word);
+		for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+			self->buffer[pointer] = ~self->buffer[pointer];
+			++pointer;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void ewah_xor(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_i;
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_j;
+	size_t literals;
+
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_i, ewah_i);
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_j, ewah_j);
+
+	while (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0 && rlwit_word_size(&rlw_j) > 0) {
+		while (rlw_i.rlw.running_len > 0 || rlw_j.rlw.running_len > 0) {
+			struct rlw_iterator *prey, *predator;
+			size_t index;
+			int negate_words;
+
+			if (rlw_i.rlw.running_len < rlw_j.rlw.running_len) {
+				prey = &rlw_i;
+				predator = &rlw_j;
+			} else {
+				prey = &rlw_j;
+				predator = &rlw_i;
+			}
+
+			negate_words = !!predator->rlw.running_bit;
+			index = rlwit_discharge(prey, out,
+				predator->rlw.running_len, negate_words);
+
+			ewah_add_empty_words(out, negate_words,
+				predator->rlw.running_len - index);
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+				predator->rlw.running_len);
+		}
+
+		literals = min_size(
+			rlw_i.rlw.literal_words,
+			rlw_j.rlw.literal_words);
+
+		if (literals) {
+			size_t k;
+
+			for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+				ewah_add(out,
+					rlw_i.buffer[rlw_i.literal_word_start + k] ^
+					rlw_j.buffer[rlw_j.literal_word_start + k]
+				);
+			}
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_i, literals);
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_j, literals);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0)
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_i, out, ~0, 0);
+	else
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_j, out, ~0, 0);
+
+	out->bit_size = max_size(ewah_i->bit_size, ewah_j->bit_size);
+}
+
+void ewah_and(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_i;
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_j;
+	size_t literals;
+
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_i, ewah_i);
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_j, ewah_j);
+
+	while (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0 && rlwit_word_size(&rlw_j) > 0) {
+		while (rlw_i.rlw.running_len > 0 || rlw_j.rlw.running_len > 0) {
+			struct rlw_iterator *prey, *predator;
+
+			if (rlw_i.rlw.running_len < rlw_j.rlw.running_len) {
+				prey = &rlw_i;
+				predator = &rlw_j;
+			} else {
+				prey = &rlw_j;
+				predator = &rlw_i;
+			}
+
+			if (predator->rlw.running_bit == 0) {
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(prey,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			} else {
+				size_t index = rlwit_discharge(prey, out,
+					predator->rlw.running_len, 0);
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len - index);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			}
+		}
+
+		literals = min_size(
+			rlw_i.rlw.literal_words,
+			rlw_j.rlw.literal_words);
+
+		if (literals) {
+			size_t k;
+
+			for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+				ewah_add(out,
+					rlw_i.buffer[rlw_i.literal_word_start + k] &
+					rlw_j.buffer[rlw_j.literal_word_start + k]
+				);
+			}
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_i, literals);
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_j, literals);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0)
+		rlwit_discharge_empty(&rlw_i, out);
+	else
+		rlwit_discharge_empty(&rlw_j, out);
+
+	out->bit_size = max_size(ewah_i->bit_size, ewah_j->bit_size);
+}
+
+void ewah_and_not(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_i;
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_j;
+	size_t literals;
+
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_i, ewah_i);
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_j, ewah_j);
+
+	while (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0 && rlwit_word_size(&rlw_j) > 0) {
+		while (rlw_i.rlw.running_len > 0 || rlw_j.rlw.running_len > 0) {
+			struct rlw_iterator *prey, *predator;
+
+			if (rlw_i.rlw.running_len < rlw_j.rlw.running_len) {
+				prey = &rlw_i;
+				predator = &rlw_j;
+			} else {
+				prey = &rlw_j;
+				predator = &rlw_i;
+			}
+
+			if ((predator->rlw.running_bit && prey == &rlw_i) ||
+				(!predator->rlw.running_bit && prey != &rlw_i)) {
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(prey,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			} else {
+				size_t index;
+				int negate_words;
+
+				negate_words = (&rlw_i != prey);
+				index = rlwit_discharge(prey, out,
+					predator->rlw.running_len, negate_words);
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, negate_words,
+					predator->rlw.running_len - index);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			}
+		}
+
+		literals = min_size(
+			rlw_i.rlw.literal_words,
+			rlw_j.rlw.literal_words);
+
+		if (literals) {
+			size_t k;
+
+			for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+				ewah_add(out,
+					rlw_i.buffer[rlw_i.literal_word_start + k] &
+					~(rlw_j.buffer[rlw_j.literal_word_start + k])
+				);
+			}
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_i, literals);
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_j, literals);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0)
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_i, out, ~0, 0);
+	else
+		rlwit_discharge_empty(&rlw_j, out);
+
+	out->bit_size = max_size(ewah_i->bit_size, ewah_j->bit_size);
+}
+
+void ewah_or(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_i;
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_j;
+	size_t literals;
+
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_i, ewah_i);
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_j, ewah_j);
+
+	while (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0 && rlwit_word_size(&rlw_j) > 0) {
+		while (rlw_i.rlw.running_len > 0 || rlw_j.rlw.running_len > 0) {
+			struct rlw_iterator *prey, *predator;
+
+			if (rlw_i.rlw.running_len < rlw_j.rlw.running_len) {
+				prey = &rlw_i;
+				predator = &rlw_j;
+			} else {
+				prey = &rlw_j;
+				predator = &rlw_i;
+			}
+
+			if (predator->rlw.running_bit) {
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(prey,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			} else {
+				size_t index = rlwit_discharge(prey, out,
+					predator->rlw.running_len, 0);
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len - index);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			}
+		}
+
+		literals = min_size(
+			rlw_i.rlw.literal_words,
+			rlw_j.rlw.literal_words);
+
+		if (literals) {
+			size_t k;
+
+			for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+				ewah_add(out,
+					rlw_i.buffer[rlw_i.literal_word_start + k] |
+					rlw_j.buffer[rlw_j.literal_word_start + k]
+				);
+			}
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_i, literals);
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_j, literals);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0)
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_i, out, ~0, 0);
+	else
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_j, out, ~0, 0);
+
+	out->bit_size = max_size(ewah_i->bit_size, ewah_j->bit_size);
+}
+
+
+#define BITMAP_POOL_MAX 16
+static struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap_pool[BITMAP_POOL_MAX];
+static size_t bitmap_pool_size;
+
+struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_pool_new(void)
+{
+	if (bitmap_pool_size)
+		return bitmap_pool[--bitmap_pool_size];
+
+	return ewah_new();
+}
+
+void ewah_pool_free(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	if (self == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	if (bitmap_pool_size == BITMAP_POOL_MAX ||
+		self->alloc_size == 0) {
+		ewah_free(self);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ewah_clear(self);
+	bitmap_pool[bitmap_pool_size++] = self;
+}
+
+uint32_t ewah_checksum(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	const uint8_t *p = (uint8_t *)self->buffer;
+	uint32_t crc = (uint32_t)self->bit_size;
+	size_t size = self->buffer_size * sizeof(eword_t);
+
+	while (size--)
+		crc = (crc << 5) - crc + (uint32_t)*p++;
+
+	return crc;
+}
diff --git a/ewah/ewah_io.c b/ewah/ewah_io.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61f6a43579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewah_io.c
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "ewok.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+int ewah_serialize_native(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd)
+{
+	uint32_t write32;
+	size_t to_write = self->buffer_size * 8;
+
+	/* 32 bit -- bit size for the map */
+	write32 = (uint32_t)self->bit_size;
+	if (write(fd, &write32, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 32 bit -- number of compressed 64-bit words */
+	write32 = (uint32_t)self->buffer_size;
+	if (write(fd, &write32, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (write(fd, self->buffer, to_write) != to_write)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 32 bit -- position for the RLW */
+	write32 = self->rlw - self->buffer;
+	if (write(fd, &write32, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	return (3 * 4) + to_write;
+}
+
+int ewah_serialize_to(struct ewah_bitmap *self,
+		      int (*write_fun)(void *, const void *, size_t),
+		      void *data)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	eword_t dump[2048];
+	const size_t words_per_dump = sizeof(dump) / sizeof(eword_t);
+	uint32_t bitsize, word_count, rlw_pos;
+
+	const eword_t *buffer;
+	size_t words_left;
+
+	/* 32 bit -- bit size for the map */
+	bitsize =  htonl((uint32_t)self->bit_size);
+	if (write_fun(data, &bitsize, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 32 bit -- number of compressed 64-bit words */
+	word_count =  htonl((uint32_t)self->buffer_size);
+	if (write_fun(data, &word_count, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 64 bit x N -- compressed words */
+	buffer = self->buffer;
+	words_left = self->buffer_size;
+
+	while (words_left >= words_per_dump) {
+		for (i = 0; i < words_per_dump; ++i, ++buffer)
+			dump[i] = htonll(*buffer);
+
+		if (write_fun(data, dump, sizeof(dump)) != sizeof(dump))
+			return -1;
+
+		words_left -= words_per_dump;
+	}
+
+	if (words_left) {
+		for (i = 0; i < words_left; ++i, ++buffer)
+			dump[i] = htonll(*buffer);
+
+		if (write_fun(data, dump, words_left * 8) != words_left * 8)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	/** 32 bit -- position for the RLW */
+	rlw_pos = (uint8_t*)self->rlw - (uint8_t *)self->buffer;
+	rlw_pos = htonl(rlw_pos / sizeof(eword_t));
+
+	if (write_fun(data, &rlw_pos, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	return (3 * 4) + (self->buffer_size * 8);
+}
+
+static int write_helper(void *fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	return write((intptr_t)fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+int ewah_serialize(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd)
+{
+	return ewah_serialize_to(self, write_helper, (void *)(intptr_t)fd);
+}
+
+static int write_strbuf(void *user_data, const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	struct strbuf *sb = user_data;
+	strbuf_add(sb, data, len);
+	return len;
+}
+
+int ewah_serialize_strbuf(struct ewah_bitmap *self, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	return ewah_serialize_to(self, write_strbuf, sb);
+}
+
+int ewah_read_mmap(struct ewah_bitmap *self, const void *map, size_t len)
+{
+	const uint8_t *ptr = map;
+	size_t i;
+
+	self->bit_size = get_be32(ptr);
+	ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+	self->buffer_size = self->alloc_size = get_be32(ptr);
+	ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(self->buffer, self->alloc_size);
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy the raw data for the bitmap as a whole chunk;
+	 * if we're in a little-endian platform, we'll perform
+	 * the endianness conversion in a separate pass to ensure
+	 * we're loading 8-byte aligned words.
+	 */
+	memcpy(self->buffer, ptr, self->buffer_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
+	ptr += self->buffer_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < self->buffer_size; ++i)
+		self->buffer[i] = ntohll(self->buffer[i]);
+
+	self->rlw = self->buffer + get_be32(ptr);
+
+	return (3 * 4) + (self->buffer_size * 8);
+}
+
+int ewah_deserialize(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	eword_t dump[2048];
+	const size_t words_per_dump = sizeof(dump) / sizeof(eword_t);
+	uint32_t bitsize, word_count, rlw_pos;
+
+	eword_t *buffer = NULL;
+	size_t words_left;
+
+	ewah_clear(self);
+
+	/* 32 bit -- bit size for the map */
+	if (read(fd, &bitsize, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	self->bit_size = (size_t)ntohl(bitsize);
+
+	/** 32 bit -- number of compressed 64-bit words */
+	if (read(fd, &word_count, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	self->buffer_size = self->alloc_size = (size_t)ntohl(word_count);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(self->buffer, self->alloc_size);
+
+	/** 64 bit x N -- compressed words */
+	buffer = self->buffer;
+	words_left = self->buffer_size;
+
+	while (words_left >= words_per_dump) {
+		if (read(fd, dump, sizeof(dump)) != sizeof(dump))
+			return -1;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < words_per_dump; ++i, ++buffer)
+			*buffer = ntohll(dump[i]);
+
+		words_left -= words_per_dump;
+	}
+
+	if (words_left) {
+		if (read(fd, dump, words_left * 8) != words_left * 8)
+			return -1;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < words_left; ++i, ++buffer)
+			*buffer = ntohll(dump[i]);
+	}
+
+	/** 32 bit -- position for the RLW */
+	if (read(fd, &rlw_pos, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	self->rlw = self->buffer + ntohl(rlw_pos);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ewah/ewah_rlw.c b/ewah/ewah_rlw.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c723f1aefd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewah_rlw.c
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "ewok.h"
+#include "ewok_rlw.h"
+
+static inline int next_word(struct rlw_iterator *it)
+{
+	if (it->pointer >= it->size)
+		return 0;
+
+	it->rlw.word = &it->buffer[it->pointer];
+	it->pointer += rlw_get_literal_words(it->rlw.word) + 1;
+
+	it->rlw.literal_words = rlw_get_literal_words(it->rlw.word);
+	it->rlw.running_len = rlw_get_running_len(it->rlw.word);
+	it->rlw.running_bit = rlw_get_run_bit(it->rlw.word);
+	it->rlw.literal_word_offset = 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void rlwit_init(struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *from_ewah)
+{
+	it->buffer = from_ewah->buffer;
+	it->size = from_ewah->buffer_size;
+	it->pointer = 0;
+
+	next_word(it);
+
+	it->literal_word_start = rlwit_literal_words(it) +
+		it->rlw.literal_word_offset;
+}
+
+void rlwit_discard_first_words(struct rlw_iterator *it, size_t x)
+{
+	while (x > 0) {
+		size_t discard;
+
+		if (it->rlw.running_len > x) {
+			it->rlw.running_len -= x;
+			return;
+		}
+
+		x -= it->rlw.running_len;
+		it->rlw.running_len = 0;
+
+		discard = (x > it->rlw.literal_words) ? it->rlw.literal_words : x;
+
+		it->literal_word_start += discard;
+		it->rlw.literal_words -= discard;
+		x -= discard;
+
+		if (x > 0 || rlwit_word_size(it) == 0) {
+			if (!next_word(it))
+				break;
+
+			it->literal_word_start =
+				rlwit_literal_words(it) + it->rlw.literal_word_offset;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+size_t rlwit_discharge(
+	struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *out, size_t max, int negate)
+{
+	size_t index = 0;
+
+	while (index < max && rlwit_word_size(it) > 0) {
+		size_t pd, pl = it->rlw.running_len;
+
+		if (index + pl > max)
+			pl = max - index;
+
+		ewah_add_empty_words(out, it->rlw.running_bit ^ negate, pl);
+		index += pl;
+
+		pd = it->rlw.literal_words;
+		if (pd + index > max)
+			pd = max - index;
+
+		ewah_add_dirty_words(out,
+			it->buffer + it->literal_word_start, pd, negate);
+
+		rlwit_discard_first_words(it, pd + pl);
+		index += pd;
+	}
+
+	return index;
+}
+
+void rlwit_discharge_empty(struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	while (rlwit_word_size(it) > 0) {
+		ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0, rlwit_word_size(it));
+		rlwit_discard_first_words(it, rlwit_word_size(it));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ewah/ewok.h b/ewah/ewok.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..269a1a8706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewok.h
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#ifndef __EWOK_BITMAP_H__
+#define __EWOK_BITMAP_H__
+
+struct strbuf;
+typedef uint64_t eword_t;
+#define BITS_IN_EWORD (sizeof(eword_t) * 8)
+
+/**
+ * Do not use __builtin_popcountll. The GCC implementation
+ * is notoriously slow on all platforms.
+ *
+ * See: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=36041
+ */
+static inline uint32_t ewah_bit_popcount64(uint64_t x)
+{
+	x = (x & 0x5555555555555555ULL) + ((x >>  1) & 0x5555555555555555ULL);
+	x = (x & 0x3333333333333333ULL) + ((x >>  2) & 0x3333333333333333ULL);
+	x = (x & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL) + ((x >>  4) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL);
+	return (x * 0x0101010101010101ULL) >> 56;
+}
+
+/* __builtin_ctzll was not available until 3.4.0 */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3  && __GNUC_MINOR > 3))
+#define ewah_bit_ctz64(x) __builtin_ctzll(x)
+#else
+static inline int ewah_bit_ctz64(uint64_t x)
+{
+	int n = 0;
+	if ((x & 0xffffffff) == 0) { x >>= 32; n += 32; }
+	if ((x &     0xffff) == 0) { x >>= 16; n += 16; }
+	if ((x &       0xff) == 0) { x >>=  8; n +=  8; }
+	if ((x &        0xf) == 0) { x >>=  4; n +=  4; }
+	if ((x &        0x3) == 0) { x >>=  2; n +=  2; }
+	if ((x &        0x1) == 0) { x >>=  1; n +=  1; }
+	return n + !x;
+}
+#endif
+
+struct ewah_bitmap {
+	eword_t *buffer;
+	size_t buffer_size;
+	size_t alloc_size;
+	size_t bit_size;
+	eword_t *rlw;
+};
+
+typedef void (*ewah_callback)(size_t pos, void *);
+
+struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_pool_new(void);
+void ewah_pool_free(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a new EWAH Compressed bitmap
+ */
+struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_new(void);
+
+/**
+ * Clear all the bits in the bitmap. Does not free or resize
+ * memory.
+ */
+void ewah_clear(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+/**
+ * Free all the memory of the bitmap
+ */
+void ewah_free(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+int ewah_serialize_to(struct ewah_bitmap *self,
+		      int (*write_fun)(void *out, const void *buf, size_t len),
+		      void *out);
+int ewah_serialize(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd);
+int ewah_serialize_native(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd);
+int ewah_serialize_strbuf(struct ewah_bitmap *self, struct strbuf *);
+
+int ewah_deserialize(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd);
+int ewah_read_mmap(struct ewah_bitmap *self, const void *map, size_t len);
+
+uint32_t ewah_checksum(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+/**
+ * Logical not (bitwise negation) in-place on the bitmap
+ *
+ * This operation is linear time based on the size of the bitmap.
+ */
+void ewah_not(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+/**
+ * Call the given callback with the position of every single bit
+ * that has been set on the bitmap.
+ *
+ * This is an efficient operation that does not fully decompress
+ * the bitmap.
+ */
+void ewah_each_bit(struct ewah_bitmap *self, ewah_callback callback, void *payload);
+
+/**
+ * Set a given bit on the bitmap.
+ *
+ * The bit at position `pos` will be set to true. Because of the
+ * way that the bitmap is compressed, a set bit cannot be unset
+ * later on.
+ *
+ * Furthermore, since the bitmap uses streaming compression, bits
+ * can only set incrementally.
+ *
+ * E.g.
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 1); // ok
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 76); // ok
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 77); // ok
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 8712800127); // ok
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 25); // failed, assert raised
+ */
+void ewah_set(struct ewah_bitmap *self, size_t i);
+
+struct ewah_iterator {
+	const eword_t *buffer;
+	size_t buffer_size;
+
+	size_t pointer;
+	eword_t compressed, literals;
+	eword_t rl, lw;
+	int b;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a new iterator to run through the bitmap in uncompressed form.
+ *
+ * The iterator can be stack allocated. The underlying bitmap must not be freed
+ * before the iteration is over.
+ *
+ * E.g.
+ *
+ *		struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap = ewah_new();
+ *		struct ewah_iterator it;
+ *
+ *		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap);
+ */
+void ewah_iterator_init(struct ewah_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *parent);
+
+/**
+ * Yield every single word in the bitmap in uncompressed form. This is:
+ * yield single words (32-64 bits) where each bit represents an actual
+ * bit from the bitmap.
+ *
+ * Return: true if a word was yield, false if there are no words left
+ */
+int ewah_iterator_next(eword_t *next, struct ewah_iterator *it);
+
+void ewah_or(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+void ewah_and_not(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+void ewah_xor(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+void ewah_and(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+/**
+ * Direct word access
+ */
+size_t ewah_add_empty_words(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int v, size_t number);
+void ewah_add_dirty_words(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *self, const eword_t *buffer, size_t number, int negate);
+size_t ewah_add(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t word);
+
+
+/**
+ * Uncompressed, old-school bitmap that can be efficiently compressed
+ * into an `ewah_bitmap`.
+ */
+struct bitmap {
+	eword_t *words;
+	size_t word_alloc;
+};
+
+struct bitmap *bitmap_new(void);
+void bitmap_set(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos);
+void bitmap_clear(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos);
+int bitmap_get(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos);
+void bitmap_reset(struct bitmap *self);
+void bitmap_free(struct bitmap *self);
+int bitmap_equals(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *other);
+int bitmap_is_subset(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *super);
+
+struct ewah_bitmap * bitmap_to_ewah(struct bitmap *bitmap);
+struct bitmap *ewah_to_bitmap(struct ewah_bitmap *ewah);
+
+void bitmap_and_not(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *other);
+void bitmap_or_ewah(struct bitmap *self, struct ewah_bitmap *other);
+void bitmap_or(struct bitmap *self, const struct bitmap *other);
+
+void bitmap_each_bit(struct bitmap *self, ewah_callback callback, void *data);
+size_t bitmap_popcount(struct bitmap *self);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ewah/ewok_rlw.h b/ewah/ewok_rlw.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63efdf9698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewok_rlw.h
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#ifndef __EWOK_RLW_H__
+#define __EWOK_RLW_H__
+
+#define RLW_RUNNING_BITS (sizeof(eword_t) * 4)
+#define RLW_LITERAL_BITS (sizeof(eword_t) * 8 - 1 - RLW_RUNNING_BITS)
+
+#define RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT (((eword_t)1 << RLW_RUNNING_BITS) - 1)
+#define RLW_LARGEST_LITERAL_COUNT (((eword_t)1 << RLW_LITERAL_BITS) - 1)
+
+#define RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT_SHIFT (RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT << 1)
+
+#define RLW_RUNNING_LEN_PLUS_BIT (((eword_t)1 << (RLW_RUNNING_BITS + 1)) - 1)
+
+static int rlw_get_run_bit(const eword_t *word)
+{
+	return *word & (eword_t)1;
+}
+
+static inline void rlw_set_run_bit(eword_t *word, int b)
+{
+	if (b) {
+		*word |= (eword_t)1;
+	} else {
+		*word &= (eword_t)(~1);
+	}
+}
+
+static inline void rlw_xor_run_bit(eword_t *word)
+{
+	if (*word & 1) {
+		*word &= (eword_t)(~1);
+	} else {
+		*word |= (eword_t)1;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline void rlw_set_running_len(eword_t *word, eword_t l)
+{
+	*word |= RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT_SHIFT;
+	*word &= (l << 1) | (~RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT_SHIFT);
+}
+
+static inline eword_t rlw_get_running_len(const eword_t *word)
+{
+	return (*word >> 1) & RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT;
+}
+
+static inline eword_t rlw_get_literal_words(const eword_t *word)
+{
+	return *word >> (1 + RLW_RUNNING_BITS);
+}
+
+static inline void rlw_set_literal_words(eword_t *word, eword_t l)
+{
+	*word |= ~RLW_RUNNING_LEN_PLUS_BIT;
+	*word &= (l << (RLW_RUNNING_BITS + 1)) | RLW_RUNNING_LEN_PLUS_BIT;
+}
+
+static inline eword_t rlw_size(const eword_t *self)
+{
+	return rlw_get_running_len(self) + rlw_get_literal_words(self);
+}
+
+struct rlw_iterator {
+	const eword_t *buffer;
+	size_t size;
+	size_t pointer;
+	size_t literal_word_start;
+
+	struct {
+		const eword_t *word;
+		int literal_words;
+		int running_len;
+		int literal_word_offset;
+		int running_bit;
+	} rlw;
+};
+
+void rlwit_init(struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap);
+void rlwit_discard_first_words(struct rlw_iterator *it, size_t x);
+size_t rlwit_discharge(
+	struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *out, size_t max, int negate);
+void rlwit_discharge_empty(struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+static inline size_t rlwit_word_size(struct rlw_iterator *it)
+{
+	return it->rlw.running_len + it->rlw.literal_words;
+}
+
+static inline size_t rlwit_literal_words(struct rlw_iterator *it)
+{
+	return it->pointer - it->rlw.literal_words;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/exec_cmd.c b/exec_cmd.c
index 171e841531..9d5703a157 100644
--- a/exec_cmd.c
+++ b/exec_cmd.c
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 #define MAX_ARGS	32
 
 static const char *argv_exec_path;
 static const char *argv0_path;
 
-const char *system_path(const char *path)
+char *system_path(const char *path)
 {
 #ifdef RUNTIME_PREFIX
 	static const char *prefix;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ const char *system_path(const char *path)
 	struct strbuf d = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (is_absolute_path(path))
-		return path;
+		return xstrdup(path);
 
 #ifdef RUNTIME_PREFIX
 	assert(argv0_path);
@@ -34,8 +35,7 @@ const char *system_path(const char *path)
 #endif
 
 	strbuf_addf(&d, "%s/%s", prefix, path);
-	path = strbuf_detach(&d, NULL);
-	return path;
+	return strbuf_detach(&d, NULL);
 }
 
 const char *git_extract_argv0_path(const char *argv0)
@@ -44,12 +44,10 @@ const char *git_extract_argv0_path(const char *argv0)
 
 	if (!argv0 || !*argv0)
 		return NULL;
-	slash = argv0 + strlen(argv0);
 
-	while (argv0 <= slash && !is_dir_sep(*slash))
-		slash--;
+	slash = find_last_dir_sep(argv0);
 
-	if (slash >= argv0) {
+	if (slash) {
 		argv0_path = xstrndup(argv0, slash - argv0);
 		return slash + 1;
 	}
@@ -86,11 +84,7 @@ const char *git_exec_path(void)
 static void add_path(struct strbuf *out, const char *path)
 {
 	if (path && *path) {
-		if (is_absolute_path(path))
-			strbuf_addstr(out, path);
-		else
-			strbuf_addstr(out, absolute_path(path));
-
+		strbuf_add_absolute_path(out, path);
 		strbuf_addch(out, PATH_SEP);
 	}
 }
@@ -101,7 +95,6 @@ void setup_path(void)
 	struct strbuf new_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	add_path(&new_path, git_exec_path());
-	add_path(&new_path, argv0_path);
 
 	if (old_path)
 		strbuf_addstr(&new_path, old_path);
@@ -113,32 +106,25 @@ void setup_path(void)
 	strbuf_release(&new_path);
 }
 
-const char **prepare_git_cmd(const char **argv)
+const char **prepare_git_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const char **argv)
 {
-	int argc;
-	const char **nargv;
-
-	for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
-		; /* just counting */
-	nargv = xmalloc(sizeof(*nargv) * (argc + 2));
-
-	nargv[0] = "git";
-	for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
-		nargv[argc + 1] = argv[argc];
-	nargv[argc + 1] = NULL;
-	return nargv;
+	argv_array_push(out, "git");
+	argv_array_pushv(out, argv);
+	return out->argv;
 }
 
 int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv) {
-	const char **nargv = prepare_git_cmd(argv);
-	trace_argv_printf(nargv, "trace: exec:");
+	struct argv_array nargv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+	prepare_git_cmd(&nargv, argv);
+	trace_argv_printf(nargv.argv, "trace: exec:");
 
 	/* execvp() can only ever return if it fails */
-	execvp("git", (char **)nargv);
+	sane_execvp("git", (char **)nargv.argv);
 
 	trace_printf("trace: exec failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
-	free(nargv);
+	argv_array_clear(&nargv);
 	return -1;
 }
 
diff --git a/exec_cmd.h b/exec_cmd.h
index e2b546b615..1f6b43378b 100644
--- a/exec_cmd.h
+++ b/exec_cmd.h
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 #ifndef GIT_EXEC_CMD_H
 #define GIT_EXEC_CMD_H
 
+struct argv_array;
+
 extern void git_set_argv_exec_path(const char *exec_path);
 extern const char *git_extract_argv0_path(const char *path);
 extern const char *git_exec_path(void);
 extern void setup_path(void);
-extern const char **prepare_git_cmd(const char **argv);
+extern const char **prepare_git_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const char **argv);
 extern int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv); /* NULL terminated */
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 extern int execl_git_cmd(const char *cmd, ...);
-extern const char *system_path(const char *path);
+extern char *system_path(const char *path);
 
 #endif /* GIT_EXEC_CMD_H */
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index 4b9c4b73a0..59630cee14 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
     ('author' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     'committer' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf
     commit_msg
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
-    ('merge' sp committish lf)*
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
+    ('merge' sp commit-ish lf)*
     (file_change | ls)*
     lf?;
   commit_msg ::= data;
@@ -43,18 +43,18 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
   file_obm ::= 'M' sp mode sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp path_str lf;
   file_inm ::= 'M' sp mode sp 'inline' sp path_str lf
     data;
-  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp committish lf;
-  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp committish lf
+  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp commit-ish lf;
+  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp commit-ish lf
     data;
 
   new_tag ::= 'tag' sp tag_str lf
-    'from' sp committish lf
+    'from' sp commit-ish lf
     ('tagger' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     tag_msg;
   tag_msg ::= data;
 
   reset_branch ::= 'reset' sp ref_str lf
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
     lf?;
 
   checkpoint ::= 'checkpoint' lf
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
      # stream formatting is: \, " and LF.  Otherwise these values
      # are UTF8.
      #
-  committish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
+  commit-ish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
   ref_str     ::= ref;
   sha1exp_str ::= sha1exp;
   tag_str     ::= tag;
@@ -134,16 +134,17 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
   ts    ::= # time since the epoch in seconds, ascii base10 notation;
   tz    ::= # GIT style timezone;
 
-     # note: comments, ls and cat requests may appear anywhere
-     # in the input, except within a data command.  Any form
-     # of the data command always escapes the related input
-     # from comment processing.
+     # note: comments, get-mark, ls-tree, and cat-blob requests may
+     # appear anywhere in the input, except within a data command. Any
+     # form of the data command always escapes the related input from
+     # comment processing.
      #
      # In case it is not clear, the '#' that starts the comment
      # must be the first character on that line (an lf
      # preceded it).
      #
 
+  get_mark ::= 'get-mark' sp idnum lf;
   cat_blob ::= 'cat-blob' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) lf;
   ls_tree  ::= 'ls' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp path_str lf;
 
@@ -153,6 +154,7 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
 
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "tree.h"
@@ -164,6 +166,7 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 
 #define PACK_ID_BITS 16
 #define MAX_PACK_ID ((1<<PACK_ID_BITS)-1)
@@ -248,6 +251,7 @@ struct branch {
 	uintmax_t last_commit;
 	uintmax_t num_notes;
 	unsigned active : 1;
+	unsigned delete : 1;
 	unsigned pack_id : PACK_ID_BITS;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 };
@@ -279,6 +283,7 @@ struct recent_command {
 /* Configured limits on output */
 static unsigned long max_depth = 10;
 static off_t max_packsize;
+static int unpack_limit = 100;
 static int force_update;
 static int pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 static int pack_compression_seen;
@@ -297,7 +302,7 @@ static int failure;
 static FILE *pack_edges;
 static unsigned int show_stats = 1;
 static int global_argc;
-static const char **global_argv;
+static char **global_argv;
 
 /* Memory pools */
 static size_t mem_pool_alloc = 2*1024*1024 - sizeof(struct mem_pool);
@@ -326,6 +331,7 @@ static const char *export_marks_file;
 static const char *import_marks_file;
 static int import_marks_file_from_stream;
 static int import_marks_file_ignore_missing;
+static int import_marks_file_done;
 static int relative_marks_paths;
 
 /* Our last blob */
@@ -370,8 +376,9 @@ static volatile sig_atomic_t checkpoint_requested;
 static int cat_blob_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
 
 static void parse_argv(void);
-static void parse_cat_blob(void);
-static void parse_ls(struct branch *b);
+static void parse_get_mark(const char *p);
+static void parse_cat_blob(const char *p);
+static void parse_ls(const char *p, struct branch *b);
 
 static void write_branch_report(FILE *rpt, struct branch *b)
 {
@@ -403,14 +410,15 @@ static void dump_marks_helper(FILE *, uintmax_t, struct mark_set *);
 
 static void write_crash_report(const char *err)
 {
-	char *loc = git_path("fast_import_crash_%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t) getpid());
+	char *loc = git_pathdup("fast_import_crash_%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t) getpid());
 	FILE *rpt = fopen(loc, "w");
 	struct branch *b;
 	unsigned long lu;
 	struct recent_command *rc;
 
 	if (!rpt) {
-		error("can't write crash report %s: %s", loc, strerror(errno));
+		error_errno("can't write crash report %s", loc);
+		free(loc);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -419,7 +427,7 @@ static void write_crash_report(const char *err)
 	fprintf(rpt, "fast-import crash report:\n");
 	fprintf(rpt, "    fast-import process: %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t) getpid());
 	fprintf(rpt, "    parent process     : %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t) getppid());
-	fprintf(rpt, "    at %s\n", show_date(time(NULL), 0, DATE_LOCAL));
+	fprintf(rpt, "    at %s\n", show_date(time(NULL), 0, DATE_MODE(ISO8601)));
 	fputc('\n', rpt);
 
 	fputs("fatal: ", rpt);
@@ -484,6 +492,7 @@ static void write_crash_report(const char *err)
 	fputs("-------------------\n", rpt);
 	fputs("END OF CRASH REPORT\n", rpt);
 	fclose(rpt);
+	free(loc);
 }
 
 static void end_packfile(void);
@@ -589,6 +598,33 @@ static struct object_entry *insert_object(unsigned char *sha1)
 	return e;
 }
 
+static void invalidate_pack_id(unsigned int id)
+{
+	unsigned int h;
+	unsigned long lu;
+	struct tag *t;
+
+	for (h = 0; h < ARRAY_SIZE(object_table); h++) {
+		struct object_entry *e;
+
+		for (e = object_table[h]; e; e = e->next)
+			if (e->pack_id == id)
+				e->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
+	}
+
+	for (lu = 0; lu < branch_table_sz; lu++) {
+		struct branch *b;
+
+		for (b = branch_table[lu]; b; b = b->table_next_branch)
+			if (b->pack_id == id)
+				b->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
+	}
+
+	for (t = first_tag; t; t = t->next_tag)
+		if (t->pack_id == id)
+			t->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
+}
+
 static unsigned int hc_str(const char *s, size_t len)
 {
 	unsigned int r = 0;
@@ -616,7 +652,7 @@ static void *pool_alloc(size_t len)
 			return xmalloc(len);
 		}
 		total_allocd += sizeof(struct mem_pool) + mem_pool_alloc;
-		p = xmalloc(sizeof(struct mem_pool) + mem_pool_alloc);
+		p = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(struct mem_pool), mem_pool_alloc));
 		p->next_pool = mem_pool;
 		p->next_free = (char *) p->space;
 		p->end = p->next_free + mem_pool_alloc;
@@ -638,8 +674,9 @@ static void *pool_calloc(size_t count, size_t size)
 
 static char *pool_strdup(const char *s)
 {
-	char *r = pool_alloc(strlen(s) + 1);
-	strcpy(r, s);
+	size_t len = strlen(s) + 1;
+	char *r = pool_alloc(len);
+	memcpy(r, s, len);
 	return r;
 }
 
@@ -696,7 +733,7 @@ static struct atom_str *to_atom(const char *s, unsigned short len)
 
 	c = pool_alloc(sizeof(struct atom_str) + len + 1);
 	c->str_len = len;
-	strncpy(c->str_dat, s, len);
+	memcpy(c->str_dat, s, len);
 	c->str_dat[len] = 0;
 	c->next_atom = atom_table[hc];
 	atom_table[hc] = c;
@@ -807,7 +844,8 @@ static struct tree_entry *new_tree_entry(void)
 	if (!avail_tree_entry) {
 		unsigned int n = tree_entry_alloc;
 		total_allocd += n * sizeof(struct tree_entry);
-		avail_tree_entry = e = xmalloc(n * sizeof(struct tree_entry));
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(e, n);
+		avail_tree_entry = e;
 		while (n-- > 1) {
 			*((void**)e) = e + 1;
 			e++;
@@ -855,15 +893,14 @@ static struct tree_content *dup_tree_content(struct tree_content *s)
 
 static void start_packfile(void)
 {
-	static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+	static char tmp_file[PATH_MAX];
 	struct packed_git *p;
 	struct pack_header hdr;
 	int pack_fd;
 
-	pack_fd = odb_mkstemp(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile),
+	pack_fd = odb_mkstemp(tmp_file, sizeof(tmp_file),
 			      "pack/tmp_pack_XXXXXX");
-	p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p) + strlen(tmpfile) + 2);
-	strcpy(p->pack_name, tmpfile);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(p, pack_name, tmp_file);
 	p->pack_fd = pack_fd;
 	p->do_not_close = 1;
 	pack_file = sha1fd(pack_fd, p->pack_name);
@@ -877,7 +914,7 @@ static void start_packfile(void)
 	pack_size = sizeof(hdr);
 	object_count = 0;
 
-	all_packs = xrealloc(all_packs, sizeof(*all_packs) * (pack_id + 1));
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(all_packs, pack_id + 1);
 	all_packs[pack_id] = p;
 }
 
@@ -889,7 +926,7 @@ static const char *create_index(void)
 	struct object_entry_pool *o;
 
 	/* Build the table of object IDs. */
-	idx = xmalloc(object_count * sizeof(*idx));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(idx, object_count);
 	c = idx;
 	for (o = blocks; o; o = o->next_pool)
 		for (e = o->next_free; e-- != o->entries;)
@@ -919,12 +956,12 @@ static char *keep_pack(const char *curr_index_name)
 
 	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/pack/pack-%s.pack",
 		 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(pack_data->sha1));
-	if (move_temp_to_file(pack_data->pack_name, name))
+	if (finalize_object_file(pack_data->pack_name, name))
 		die("cannot store pack file");
 
 	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/pack/pack-%s.idx",
 		 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(pack_data->sha1));
-	if (move_temp_to_file(curr_index_name, name))
+	if (finalize_object_file(curr_index_name, name))
 		die("cannot store index file");
 	free((void *)curr_index_name);
 	return name;
@@ -943,12 +980,34 @@ static void unkeep_all_packs(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static int loosen_small_pack(const struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	struct child_process unpack = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+	if (lseek(p->pack_fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+		die_errno("Failed seeking to start of '%s'", p->pack_name);
+
+	unpack.in = p->pack_fd;
+	unpack.git_cmd = 1;
+	unpack.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	argv_array_push(&unpack.args, "unpack-objects");
+	if (!show_stats)
+		argv_array_push(&unpack.args, "-q");
+
+	return run_command(&unpack);
+}
+
 static void end_packfile(void)
 {
-	struct packed_git *old_p = pack_data, *new_p;
+	static int running;
 
+	if (running || !pack_data)
+		return;
+
+	running = 1;
 	clear_delta_base_cache();
 	if (object_count) {
+		struct packed_git *new_p;
 		unsigned char cur_pack_sha1[20];
 		char *idx_name;
 		int i;
@@ -960,6 +1019,14 @@ static void end_packfile(void)
 		fixup_pack_header_footer(pack_data->pack_fd, pack_data->sha1,
 				    pack_data->pack_name, object_count,
 				    cur_pack_sha1, pack_size);
+
+		if (object_count <= unpack_limit) {
+			if (!loosen_small_pack(pack_data)) {
+				invalidate_pack_id(pack_id);
+				goto discard_pack;
+			}
+		}
+
 		close(pack_data->pack_fd);
 		idx_name = keep_pack(create_index());
 
@@ -990,10 +1057,13 @@ static void end_packfile(void)
 		pack_id++;
 	}
 	else {
-		close(old_p->pack_fd);
-		unlink_or_warn(old_p->pack_name);
+discard_pack:
+		close(pack_data->pack_fd);
+		unlink_or_warn(pack_data->pack_name);
 	}
-	free(old_p);
+	free(pack_data);
+	pack_data = NULL;
+	running = 0;
 
 	/* We can't carry a delta across packfiles. */
 	strbuf_release(&last_blob.data);
@@ -1022,8 +1092,8 @@ static int store_object(
 	git_SHA_CTX c;
 	git_zstream s;
 
-	hdrlen = sprintf((char *)hdr,"%s %lu", typename(type),
-		(unsigned long)dat->len) + 1;
+	hdrlen = xsnprintf((char *)hdr, sizeof(hdr), "%s %lu",
+			   typename(type), (unsigned long)dat->len) + 1;
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
 	git_SHA1_Update(&c, dat->buf, dat->len);
@@ -1053,7 +1123,6 @@ static int store_object(
 	} else
 		delta = NULL;
 
-	memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
 	git_deflate_init(&s, pack_compression_level);
 	if (delta) {
 		s.next_in = delta;
@@ -1081,7 +1150,6 @@ static int store_object(
 			free(delta);
 			delta = NULL;
 
-			memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
 			git_deflate_init(&s, pack_compression_level);
 			s.next_in = (void *)dat->buf;
 			s.avail_in = dat->len;
@@ -1181,7 +1249,6 @@ static void stream_blob(uintmax_t len, unsigned char *sha1out, uintmax_t mark)
 
 	crc32_begin(pack_file);
 
-	memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
 	git_deflate_init(&s, pack_compression_level);
 
 	hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(OBJ_BLOB, len, out_buf);
@@ -1418,7 +1485,7 @@ static void mktree(struct tree_content *t, int v, struct strbuf *b)
 
 static void store_tree(struct tree_entry *root)
 {
-	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	struct tree_content *t;
 	unsigned int i, j, del;
 	struct last_object lo = { STRBUF_INIT, 0, 0, /* no_swap */ 1 };
 	struct object_entry *le = NULL;
@@ -1426,6 +1493,10 @@ static void store_tree(struct tree_entry *root)
 	if (!is_null_sha1(root->versions[1].sha1))
 		return;
 
+	if (!root->tree)
+		load_tree(root);
+	t = root->tree;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		if (t->entries[i]->tree)
 			store_tree(t->entries[i]);
@@ -1485,14 +1556,11 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
 
-	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
-	if (slash1)
-		n = slash1 - p;
-	else
-		n = strlen(p);
+	slash1 = strchrnul(p, '/');
+	n = slash1 - p;
 	if (!n)
 		die("Empty path component found in input");
-	if (!slash1 && !S_ISDIR(mode) && subtree)
+	if (!*slash1 && !S_ISDIR(mode) && subtree)
 		die("Non-directories cannot have subtrees");
 
 	if (!root->tree)
@@ -1500,8 +1568,8 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
-		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
-			if (!slash1) {
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !fspathncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+			if (!*slash1) {
 				if (!S_ISDIR(mode)
 						&& e->versions[1].mode == mode
 						&& !hashcmp(e->versions[1].sha1, sha1))
@@ -1552,7 +1620,7 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 	e->versions[0].mode = 0;
 	hashclr(e->versions[0].sha1);
 	t->entries[t->entry_count++] = e;
-	if (slash1) {
+	if (*slash1) {
 		e->tree = new_tree_content(8);
 		e->versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
 		tree_content_set(e, slash1 + 1, sha1, mode, subtree);
@@ -1568,26 +1636,30 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 static int tree_content_remove(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
-	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf)
+	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf,
+	int allow_root)
 {
 	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
 
-	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
-	if (slash1)
-		n = slash1 - p;
-	else
-		n = strlen(p);
+	slash1 = strchrnul(p, '/');
+	n = slash1 - p;
 
 	if (!root->tree)
 		load_tree(root);
+
+	if (!*p && allow_root) {
+		e = root;
+		goto del_entry;
+	}
+
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
-		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
-			if (slash1 && !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !fspathncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+			if (*slash1 && !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				/*
 				 * If p names a file in some subdirectory, and a
 				 * file or symlink matching the name of the
@@ -1595,11 +1667,11 @@ static int tree_content_remove(
 				 * exist and need not be deleted.
 				 */
 				return 1;
-			if (!slash1 || !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
+			if (!*slash1 || !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				goto del_entry;
 			if (!e->tree)
 				load_tree(e);
-			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf)) {
+			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf, 0)) {
 				for (n = 0; n < e->tree->entry_count; n++) {
 					if (e->tree->entries[n]->versions[1].mode) {
 						hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
@@ -1629,76 +1701,92 @@ del_entry:
 static int tree_content_get(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
-	struct tree_entry *leaf)
+	struct tree_entry *leaf,
+	int allow_root)
 {
 	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
 
-	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
-	if (slash1)
-		n = slash1 - p;
-	else
-		n = strlen(p);
+	slash1 = strchrnul(p, '/');
+	n = slash1 - p;
+	if (!n && !allow_root)
+		die("Empty path component found in input");
 
 	if (!root->tree)
 		load_tree(root);
+
+	if (!n) {
+		e = root;
+		goto found_entry;
+	}
+
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
-		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
-			if (!slash1) {
-				memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
-				if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
-					leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
-				else
-					leaf->tree = NULL;
-				return 1;
-			}
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !fspathncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+			if (!*slash1)
+				goto found_entry;
 			if (!S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				return 0;
 			if (!e->tree)
 				load_tree(e);
-			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf);
+			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf, 0);
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
+
+found_entry:
+	memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
+	if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
+		leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
+	else
+		leaf->tree = NULL;
+	return 1;
 }
 
 static int update_branch(struct branch *b)
 {
 	static const char *msg = "fast-import";
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
 	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (is_null_sha1(b->sha1))
+	if (is_null_sha1(b->sha1)) {
+		if (b->delete)
+			delete_ref(b->name, NULL, 0);
 		return 0;
+	}
 	if (read_ref(b->name, old_sha1))
 		hashclr(old_sha1);
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(b->name, old_sha1, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		return error("Unable to lock %s", b->name);
 	if (!force_update && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1)) {
 		struct commit *old_cmit, *new_cmit;
 
 		old_cmit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(old_sha1, 0);
 		new_cmit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(b->sha1, 0);
-		if (!old_cmit || !new_cmit) {
-			unlock_ref(lock);
+		if (!old_cmit || !new_cmit)
 			return error("Branch %s is missing commits.", b->name);
-		}
 
-		if (!in_merge_bases(old_cmit, &new_cmit, 1)) {
-			unlock_ref(lock);
+		if (!in_merge_bases(old_cmit, new_cmit)) {
 			warning("Not updating %s"
 				" (new tip %s does not contain %s)",
 				b->name, sha1_to_hex(b->sha1), sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
 			return -1;
 		}
 	}
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, b->sha1, msg) < 0)
-		return error("Unable to update %s", b->name);
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, b->name, b->sha1, old_sha1,
+				   0, msg, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1717,15 +1805,32 @@ static void dump_tags(void)
 {
 	static const char *msg = "fast-import";
 	struct tag *t;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	char ref_name[PATH_MAX];
+	struct strbuf ref_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
 
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction) {
+		failure |= error("%s", err.buf);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
 	for (t = first_tag; t; t = t->next_tag) {
-		sprintf(ref_name, "tags/%s", t->name);
-		lock = lock_ref_sha1(ref_name, NULL);
-		if (!lock || write_ref_sha1(lock, t->sha1, msg) < 0)
-			failure |= error("Unable to update %s", ref_name);
+		strbuf_reset(&ref_name);
+		strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/tags/%s", t->name);
+
+		if (ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref_name.buf,
+					   t->sha1, NULL, 0, msg, &err)) {
+			failure |= error("%s", err.buf);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
 	}
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+		failure |= error("%s", err.buf);
+
+ cleanup:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 }
 
 static void dump_marks_helper(FILE *f,
@@ -1751,20 +1856,18 @@ static void dump_marks_helper(FILE *f,
 static void dump_marks(void)
 {
 	static struct lock_file mark_lock;
-	int mark_fd;
 	FILE *f;
 
-	if (!export_marks_file)
+	if (!export_marks_file || (import_marks_file && !import_marks_file_done))
 		return;
 
-	mark_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&mark_lock, export_marks_file, 0);
-	if (mark_fd < 0) {
-		failure |= error("Unable to write marks file %s: %s",
-			export_marks_file, strerror(errno));
+	if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&mark_lock, export_marks_file, 0) < 0) {
+		failure |= error_errno("Unable to write marks file %s",
+				       export_marks_file);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	f = fdopen(mark_fd, "w");
+	f = fdopen_lock_file(&mark_lock, "w");
 	if (!f) {
 		int saved_errno = errno;
 		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
@@ -1773,27 +1876,10 @@ static void dump_marks(void)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the lock file was fdopen()'ed, it should not be close()'ed.
-	 * Assign -1 to the lock file descriptor so that commit_lock_file()
-	 * won't try to close() it.
-	 */
-	mark_lock.fd = -1;
-
 	dump_marks_helper(f, 0, marks);
-	if (ferror(f) || fclose(f)) {
-		int saved_errno = errno;
-		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
-		failure |= error("Unable to write marks file %s: %s",
-			export_marks_file, strerror(saved_errno));
-		return;
-	}
-
 	if (commit_lock_file(&mark_lock)) {
-		int saved_errno = errno;
-		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
-		failure |= error("Unable to commit marks file %s: %s",
-			export_marks_file, strerror(saved_errno));
+		failure |= error_errno("Unable to write file %s",
+				       export_marks_file);
 		return;
 	}
 }
@@ -1805,7 +1891,7 @@ static void read_marks(void)
 	if (f)
 		;
 	else if (import_marks_file_ignore_missing && errno == ENOENT)
-		return; /* Marks file does not exist */
+		goto done; /* Marks file does not exist */
 	else
 		die_errno("cannot read '%s'", import_marks_file);
 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
@@ -1820,7 +1906,7 @@ static void read_marks(void)
 		*end = 0;
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &end, 10);
 		if (!mark || end == line + 1
-			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1(end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 		e = find_object(sha1);
 		if (!e) {
@@ -1835,6 +1921,8 @@ static void read_marks(void)
 		insert_mark(mark, e);
 	}
 	fclose(f);
+done:
+	import_marks_file_done = 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -1848,19 +1936,21 @@ static int read_next_command(void)
 	}
 
 	for (;;) {
+		const char *p;
+
 		if (unread_command_buf) {
 			unread_command_buf = 0;
 		} else {
 			struct recent_command *rc;
 
 			strbuf_detach(&command_buf, NULL);
-			stdin_eof = strbuf_getline(&command_buf, stdin, '\n');
+			stdin_eof = strbuf_getline_lf(&command_buf, stdin);
 			if (stdin_eof)
 				return EOF;
 
 			if (!seen_data_command
-				&& prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "feature ")
-				&& prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option ")) {
+				&& !starts_with(command_buf.buf, "feature ")
+				&& !starts_with(command_buf.buf, "option ")) {
 				parse_argv();
 			}
 
@@ -1880,8 +1970,12 @@ static int read_next_command(void)
 			rc->prev->next = rc;
 			cmd_tail = rc;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "cat-blob ")) {
-			parse_cat_blob();
+		if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "get-mark ", &p)) {
+			parse_get_mark(p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "cat-blob ", &p)) {
+			parse_cat_blob(p);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (command_buf.buf[0] == '#')
@@ -1899,8 +1993,9 @@ static void skip_optional_lf(void)
 
 static void parse_mark(void)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "mark :")) {
-		next_mark = strtoumax(command_buf.buf + 6, NULL, 10);
+	const char *v;
+	if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "mark :", &v)) {
+		next_mark = strtoumax(v, NULL, 10);
 		read_next_command();
 	}
 	else
@@ -1909,18 +2004,19 @@ static void parse_mark(void)
 
 static int parse_data(struct strbuf *sb, uintmax_t limit, uintmax_t *len_res)
 {
+	const char *data;
 	strbuf_reset(sb);
 
-	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "data "))
+	if (!skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "data ", &data))
 		die("Expected 'data n' command, found: %s", command_buf.buf);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf + 5, "<<")) {
-		char *term = xstrdup(command_buf.buf + 5 + 2);
-		size_t term_len = command_buf.len - 5 - 2;
+	if (skip_prefix(data, "<<", &data)) {
+		char *term = xstrdup(data);
+		size_t term_len = command_buf.len - (data - command_buf.buf);
 
 		strbuf_detach(&command_buf, NULL);
 		for (;;) {
-			if (strbuf_getline(&command_buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+			if (strbuf_getline_lf(&command_buf, stdin) == EOF)
 				die("EOF in data (terminator '%s' not found)", term);
 			if (term_len == command_buf.len
 				&& !strcmp(term, command_buf.buf))
@@ -1931,7 +2027,7 @@ static int parse_data(struct strbuf *sb, uintmax_t limit, uintmax_t *len_res)
 		free(term);
 	}
 	else {
-		uintmax_t len = strtoumax(command_buf.buf + 5, NULL, 10);
+		uintmax_t len = strtoumax(data, NULL, 10);
 		size_t n = 0, length = (size_t)len;
 
 		if (limit && limit < len) {
@@ -1954,7 +2050,7 @@ static int parse_data(struct strbuf *sb, uintmax_t limit, uintmax_t *len_res)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int validate_raw_date(const char *src, char *result, int maxlen)
+static int validate_raw_date(const char *src, struct strbuf *result)
 {
 	const char *orig_src = src;
 	char *endp;
@@ -1972,11 +2068,10 @@ static int validate_raw_date(const char *src, char *result, int maxlen)
 		return -1;
 
 	num = strtoul(src + 1, &endp, 10);
-	if (errno || endp == src + 1 || *endp || (endp - orig_src) >= maxlen ||
-	    1400 < num)
+	if (errno || endp == src + 1 || *endp || 1400 < num)
 		return -1;
 
-	strcpy(result, orig_src);
+	strbuf_addstr(result, orig_src);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1984,7 +2079,7 @@ static char *parse_ident(const char *buf)
 {
 	const char *ltgt;
 	size_t name_len;
-	char *ident;
+	struct strbuf ident = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/* ensure there is a space delimiter even if there is no name */
 	if (*buf == '<')
@@ -2003,26 +2098,25 @@ static char *parse_ident(const char *buf)
 		die("Missing space after > in ident string: %s", buf);
 	ltgt++;
 	name_len = ltgt - buf;
-	ident = xmalloc(name_len + 24);
-	strncpy(ident, buf, name_len);
+	strbuf_add(&ident, buf, name_len);
 
 	switch (whenspec) {
 	case WHENSPEC_RAW:
-		if (validate_raw_date(ltgt, ident + name_len, 24) < 0)
+		if (validate_raw_date(ltgt, &ident) < 0)
 			die("Invalid raw date \"%s\" in ident: %s", ltgt, buf);
 		break;
 	case WHENSPEC_RFC2822:
-		if (parse_date(ltgt, ident + name_len, 24) < 0)
+		if (parse_date(ltgt, &ident) < 0)
 			die("Invalid rfc2822 date \"%s\" in ident: %s", ltgt, buf);
 		break;
 	case WHENSPEC_NOW:
 		if (strcmp("now", ltgt))
 			die("Date in ident must be 'now': %s", buf);
-		datestamp(ident + name_len, 24);
+		datestamp(&ident);
 		break;
 	}
 
-	return ident;
+	return strbuf_detach(&ident, NULL);
 }
 
 static void parse_and_store_blob(
@@ -2177,7 +2271,7 @@ static uintmax_t do_change_note_fanout(
 			}
 
 			/* Rename fullpath to realpath */
-			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf))
+			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf, 0))
 				die("Failed to remove path %s", fullpath);
 			tree_content_set(orig_root, realpath,
 				leaf.versions[1].sha1,
@@ -2205,12 +2299,64 @@ static uintmax_t change_note_fanout(struct tree_entry *root,
 	return do_change_note_fanout(root, root, hex_sha1, 0, path, 0, fanout);
 }
 
-static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
+/*
+ * Given a pointer into a string, parse a mark reference:
+ *
+ *   idnum ::= ':' bigint;
+ *
+ * Return the first character after the value in *endptr.
+ *
+ * Complain if the following character is not what is expected,
+ * either a space or end of the string.
+ */
+static uintmax_t parse_mark_ref(const char *p, char **endptr)
+{
+	uintmax_t mark;
+
+	assert(*p == ':');
+	p++;
+	mark = strtoumax(p, endptr, 10);
+	if (*endptr == p)
+		die("No value after ':' in mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	return mark;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the mark reference, and complain if this is not the end of
+ * the string.
+ */
+static uintmax_t parse_mark_ref_eol(const char *p)
+{
+	char *end;
+	uintmax_t mark;
+
+	mark = parse_mark_ref(p, &end);
+	if (*end != '\0')
+		die("Garbage after mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	return mark;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the mark reference, demanding a trailing space.  Return a
+ * pointer to the space.
+ */
+static uintmax_t parse_mark_ref_space(const char **p)
+{
+	uintmax_t mark;
+	char *end;
+
+	mark = parse_mark_ref(*p, &end);
+	if (*end++ != ' ')
+		die("Missing space after mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	*p = end;
+	return mark;
+}
+
+static void file_change_m(const char *p, struct branch *b)
 {
-	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	uint16_t mode, inline_data = 0;
 
@@ -2233,21 +2379,19 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 	}
 
 	if (*p == ':') {
-		char *x;
-		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
+		oe = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_space(&p));
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
-		p = x;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(p, "inline ", &p)) {
 		inline_data = 1;
-		p += 6;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
-			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+			die("Invalid dataref: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		oe = find_object(sha1);
 		p += 40;
+		if (*p++ != ' ')
+			die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
-	if (*p++ != ' ')
-		die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 
 	strbuf_reset(&uq);
 	if (!unquote_c_style(&uq, p, &endp)) {
@@ -2257,8 +2401,8 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 	}
 
 	/* Git does not track empty, non-toplevel directories. */
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode) && !memcmp(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN, 20) && *p) {
-		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) && !hashcmp(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN) && *p) {
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2307,9 +2451,8 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 	tree_content_set(&b->branch_tree, p, sha1, mode, NULL);
 }
 
-static void file_change_d(struct branch *b)
+static void file_change_d(const char *p, struct branch *b)
 {
-	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
 
@@ -2319,18 +2462,17 @@ static void file_change_d(struct branch *b)
 			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		p = uq.buf;
 	}
-	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL, 1);
 }
 
-static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
+static void file_change_cr(const char *s, struct branch *b, int rename)
 {
-	const char *s, *d;
+	const char *d;
 	static struct strbuf s_uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	static struct strbuf d_uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
 	struct tree_entry leaf;
 
-	s = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	strbuf_reset(&s_uq);
 	if (!unquote_c_style(&s_uq, s, &endp)) {
 		if (*endp != ' ')
@@ -2357,9 +2499,9 @@ static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
 
 	memset(&leaf, 0, sizeof(leaf));
 	if (rename)
-		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf, 1);
 	else
-		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf, 1);
 	if (!leaf.versions[1].mode)
 		die("Path %s not in branch", s);
 	if (!*d) {	/* C "path/to/subdir" "" */
@@ -2375,11 +2517,10 @@ static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
 		leaf.tree);
 }
 
-static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
+static void note_change_n(const char *p, struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 {
-	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	struct branch *s;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], commit_sha1[20];
 	char path[60];
@@ -2405,30 +2546,28 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 	/* Now parse the notemodify command. */
 	/* <dataref> or 'inline' */
 	if (*p == ':') {
-		char *x;
-		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
+		oe = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_space(&p));
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
-		p = x;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(p, "inline ", &p)) {
 		inline_data = 1;
-		p += 6;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
-			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+			die("Invalid dataref: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		oe = find_object(sha1);
 		p += 40;
+		if (*p++ != ' ')
+			die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
-	if (*p++ != ' ')
-		die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 
-	/* <committish> */
+	/* <commit-ish> */
 	s = lookup_branch(p);
 	if (s) {
 		if (is_null_sha1(s->sha1))
 			die("Can't add a note on empty branch.");
 		hashcpy(commit_sha1, s->sha1);
 	} else if (*p == ':') {
-		uintmax_t commit_mark = strtoumax(p + 1, NULL, 10);
+		uintmax_t commit_mark = parse_mark_ref_eol(p);
 		struct object_entry *commit_oe = find_mark(commit_mark);
 		if (commit_oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 			die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", commit_mark);
@@ -2464,7 +2603,7 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 	}
 
 	construct_path_with_fanout(sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1), *old_fanout, path);
-	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL))
+	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL, 0))
 		b->num_notes--;
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
@@ -2516,16 +2655,13 @@ static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
 {
 	const char *from;
 	struct branch *s;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "from "))
+	if (!skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "from ", &from))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (b->branch_tree.tree) {
-		release_tree_content_recursive(b->branch_tree.tree);
-		b->branch_tree.tree = NULL;
-	}
+	hashcpy(sha1, b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1);
 
-	from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
 	s = lookup_branch(from);
 	if (b == s)
 		die("Can't create a branch from itself: %s", b->name);
@@ -2535,42 +2671,51 @@ static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
 		hashcpy(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1, t);
 		hashcpy(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1, t);
 	} else if (*from == ':') {
-		uintmax_t idnum = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+		uintmax_t idnum = parse_mark_ref_eol(from);
 		struct object_entry *oe = find_mark(idnum);
 		if (oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 			die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", idnum);
-		hashcpy(b->sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
-		if (oe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {
-			unsigned long size;
-			char *buf = gfi_unpack_entry(oe, &size);
-			parse_from_commit(b, buf, size);
-			free(buf);
-		} else
-			parse_from_existing(b);
-	} else if (!get_sha1(from, b->sha1))
+		if (hashcmp(b->sha1, oe->idx.sha1)) {
+			hashcpy(b->sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
+			if (oe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {
+				unsigned long size;
+				char *buf = gfi_unpack_entry(oe, &size);
+				parse_from_commit(b, buf, size);
+				free(buf);
+			} else
+				parse_from_existing(b);
+		}
+	} else if (!get_sha1(from, b->sha1)) {
 		parse_from_existing(b);
+		if (is_null_sha1(b->sha1))
+			b->delete = 1;
+	}
 	else
 		die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
 
+	if (b->branch_tree.tree && hashcmp(sha1, b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1)) {
+		release_tree_content_recursive(b->branch_tree.tree);
+		b->branch_tree.tree = NULL;
+	}
+
 	read_next_command();
 	return 1;
 }
 
 static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
 {
-	struct hash_list *list = NULL, *n, *e = e;
+	struct hash_list *list = NULL, **tail = &list, *n;
 	const char *from;
 	struct branch *s;
 
 	*count = 0;
-	while (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "merge ")) {
-		from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
+	while (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "merge ", &from)) {
 		n = xmalloc(sizeof(*n));
 		s = lookup_branch(from);
 		if (s)
 			hashcpy(n->sha1, s->sha1);
 		else if (*from == ':') {
-			uintmax_t idnum = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+			uintmax_t idnum = parse_mark_ref_eol(from);
 			struct object_entry *oe = find_mark(idnum);
 			if (oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 				die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", idnum);
@@ -2586,42 +2731,38 @@ static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
 			die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
 
 		n->next = NULL;
-		if (list)
-			e->next = n;
-		else
-			list = n;
-		e = n;
+		*tail = n;
+		tail = &n->next;
+
 		(*count)++;
 		read_next_command();
 	}
 	return list;
 }
 
-static void parse_new_commit(void)
+static void parse_new_commit(const char *arg)
 {
 	static struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct branch *b;
-	char *sp;
 	char *author = NULL;
 	char *committer = NULL;
 	struct hash_list *merge_list = NULL;
 	unsigned int merge_count;
 	unsigned char prev_fanout, new_fanout;
+	const char *v;
 
-	/* Obtain the branch name from the rest of our command */
-	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
-	b = lookup_branch(sp);
+	b = lookup_branch(arg);
 	if (!b)
-		b = new_branch(sp);
+		b = new_branch(arg);
 
 	read_next_command();
 	parse_mark();
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "author ")) {
-		author = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 7);
+	if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "author ", &v)) {
+		author = parse_ident(v);
 		read_next_command();
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "committer ")) {
-		committer = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 10);
+	if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "committer ", &v)) {
+		committer = parse_ident(v);
 		read_next_command();
 	}
 	if (!committer)
@@ -2641,20 +2782,20 @@ static void parse_new_commit(void)
 
 	/* file_change* */
 	while (command_buf.len > 0) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "M "))
-			file_change_m(b);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "D "))
-			file_change_d(b);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "R "))
-			file_change_cr(b, 1);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "C "))
-			file_change_cr(b, 0);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "N "))
-			note_change_n(b, &prev_fanout);
+		if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "M ", &v))
+			file_change_m(v, b);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "D ", &v))
+			file_change_d(v, b);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "R ", &v))
+			file_change_cr(v, b, 1);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "C ", &v))
+			file_change_cr(v, b, 0);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "N ", &v))
+			note_change_n(v, b, &prev_fanout);
 		else if (!strcmp("deleteall", command_buf.buf))
 			file_change_deleteall(b);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "ls "))
-			parse_ls(b);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "ls ", &v))
+			parse_ls(v, b);
 		else {
 			unread_command_buf = 1;
 			break;
@@ -2697,10 +2838,9 @@ static void parse_new_commit(void)
 	b->last_commit = object_count_by_type[OBJ_COMMIT];
 }
 
-static void parse_new_tag(void)
+static void parse_new_tag(const char *arg)
 {
 	static struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *sp;
 	const char *from;
 	char *tagger;
 	struct branch *s;
@@ -2708,12 +2848,11 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 	uintmax_t from_mark = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	enum object_type type;
+	const char *v;
 
-	/* Obtain the new tag name from the rest of our command */
-	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
 	t = pool_alloc(sizeof(struct tag));
-	t->next_tag = NULL;
-	t->name = pool_strdup(sp);
+	memset(t, 0, sizeof(struct tag));
+	t->name = pool_strdup(arg);
 	if (last_tag)
 		last_tag->next_tag = t;
 	else
@@ -2722,9 +2861,8 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 	read_next_command();
 
 	/* from ... */
-	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "from "))
+	if (!skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "from ", &from))
 		die("Expected from command, got %s", command_buf.buf);
-	from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
 	s = lookup_branch(from);
 	if (s) {
 		if (is_null_sha1(s->sha1))
@@ -2733,7 +2871,7 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 		type = OBJ_COMMIT;
 	} else if (*from == ':') {
 		struct object_entry *oe;
-		from_mark = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+		from_mark = parse_mark_ref_eol(from);
 		oe = find_mark(from_mark);
 		type = oe->type;
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
@@ -2750,8 +2888,8 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 	read_next_command();
 
 	/* tagger ... */
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "tagger ")) {
-		tagger = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 7);
+	if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "tagger ", &v)) {
+		tagger = parse_ident(v);
 		read_next_command();
 	} else
 		tagger = NULL;
@@ -2780,14 +2918,11 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 		t->pack_id = pack_id;
 }
 
-static void parse_reset_branch(void)
+static void parse_reset_branch(const char *arg)
 {
 	struct branch *b;
-	char *sp;
 
-	/* Obtain the branch name from the rest of our command */
-	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
-	b = lookup_branch(sp);
+	b = lookup_branch(arg);
 	if (b) {
 		hashclr(b->sha1);
 		hashclr(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1);
@@ -2798,7 +2933,7 @@ static void parse_reset_branch(void)
 		}
 	}
 	else
-		b = new_branch(sp);
+		b = new_branch(arg);
 	read_next_command();
 	parse_from(b);
 	if (command_buf.len > 0)
@@ -2856,27 +2991,37 @@ static void cat_blob(struct object_entry *oe, unsigned char sha1[20])
 		free(buf);
 }
 
-static void parse_cat_blob(void)
+static void parse_get_mark(const char *p)
+{
+	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	char output[42];
+
+	/* get-mark SP <object> LF */
+	if (*p != ':')
+		die("Not a mark: %s", p);
+
+	oe = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_eol(p));
+	if (!oe)
+		die("Unknown mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+
+	snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(oe->idx.sha1));
+	cat_blob_write(output, 41);
+}
+
+static void parse_cat_blob(const char *p)
 {
-	const char *p;
 	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	/* cat-blob SP <object> LF */
-	p = command_buf.buf + strlen("cat-blob ");
 	if (*p == ':') {
-		char *x;
-		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
-		if (x == p + 1)
-			die("Invalid mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		oe = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_eol(p));
 		if (!oe)
 			die("Unknown mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
-		if (*x)
-			die("Garbage after mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
-			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+			die("Invalid dataref: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		if (p[40])
 			die("Garbage after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		oe = find_object(sha1);
@@ -2907,7 +3052,7 @@ static struct object_entry *dereference(struct object_entry *oe,
 	case OBJ_TAG:
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Not a treeish: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		die("Not a tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	if (oe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {	/* in a pack being written */
@@ -2942,19 +3087,17 @@ static struct object_entry *parse_treeish_dataref(const char **p)
 	struct object_entry *e;
 
 	if (**p == ':') {	/* <mark> */
-		char *endptr;
-		e = find_mark(strtoumax(*p + 1, &endptr, 10));
-		if (endptr == *p + 1)
-			die("Invalid mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		e = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_space(p));
 		if (!e)
 			die("Unknown mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
-		*p = endptr;
 		hashcpy(sha1, e->idx.sha1);
 	} else {	/* <sha1> */
 		if (get_sha1_hex(*p, sha1))
-			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+			die("Invalid dataref: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		e = find_object(sha1);
 		*p += 40;
+		if (*(*p)++ != ' ')
+			die("Missing space after tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	while (!e || e->type != OBJ_TREE)
@@ -2989,14 +3132,12 @@ static void print_ls(int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path)
 	cat_blob_write(line.buf, line.len);
 }
 
-static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
+static void parse_ls(const char *p, struct branch *b)
 {
-	const char *p;
 	struct tree_entry *root = NULL;
 	struct tree_entry leaf = {NULL};
 
-	/* ls SP (<treeish> SP)? <path> */
-	p = command_buf.buf + strlen("ls ");
+	/* ls SP (<tree-ish> SP)? <path> */
 	if (*p == '"') {
 		if (!b)
 			die("Not in a commit: %s", command_buf.buf);
@@ -3005,9 +3146,9 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 		struct object_entry *e = parse_treeish_dataref(&p);
 		root = new_tree_entry();
 		hashcpy(root->versions[1].sha1, e->idx.sha1);
+		if (!is_null_sha1(root->versions[1].sha1))
+			root->versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
 		load_tree(root);
-		if (*p++ != ' ')
-			die("Missing space after tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 	if (*p == '"') {
 		static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -3019,7 +3160,7 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		p = uq.buf;
 	}
-	tree_content_get(root, p, &leaf);
+	tree_content_get(root, p, &leaf, 1);
 	/*
 	 * A directory in preparation would have a sha1 of zero
 	 * until it is saved.  Save, for simplicity.
@@ -3028,6 +3169,8 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 		store_tree(&leaf);
 
 	print_ls(leaf.versions[1].mode, leaf.versions[1].sha1, p);
+	if (leaf.tree)
+		release_tree_content_recursive(leaf.tree);
 	if (!b || root != &b->branch_tree)
 		release_tree_entry(root);
 }
@@ -3059,12 +3202,9 @@ static void parse_progress(void)
 
 static char* make_fast_import_path(const char *path)
 {
-	struct strbuf abs_path = STRBUF_INIT;
-
 	if (!relative_marks_paths || is_absolute_path(path))
 		return xstrdup(path);
-	strbuf_addf(&abs_path, "%s/info/fast-import/%s", get_git_dir(), path);
-	return strbuf_detach(&abs_path, NULL);
+	return xstrdup(git_path("info/fast-import/%s", path));
 }
 
 static void option_import_marks(const char *marks,
@@ -3143,9 +3283,9 @@ static void option_export_pack_edges(const char *edges)
 
 static int parse_one_option(const char *option)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(option, "max-pack-size=")) {
+	if (skip_prefix(option, "max-pack-size=", &option)) {
 		unsigned long v;
-		if (!git_parse_ulong(option + 14, &v))
+		if (!git_parse_ulong(option, &v))
 			return 0;
 		if (v < 8192) {
 			warning("max-pack-size is now in bytes, assuming --max-pack-size=%lum", v);
@@ -3155,20 +3295,20 @@ static int parse_one_option(const char *option)
 			v = 1024 * 1024;
 		}
 		max_packsize = v;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "big-file-threshold=")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(option, "big-file-threshold=", &option)) {
 		unsigned long v;
-		if (!git_parse_ulong(option + 19, &v))
+		if (!git_parse_ulong(option, &v))
 			return 0;
 		big_file_threshold = v;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "depth=")) {
-		option_depth(option + 6);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "active-branches=")) {
-		option_active_branches(option + 16);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "export-pack-edges=")) {
-		option_export_pack_edges(option + 18);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "quiet")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(option, "depth=", &option)) {
+		option_depth(option);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(option, "active-branches=", &option)) {
+		option_active_branches(option);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(option, "export-pack-edges=", &option)) {
+		option_export_pack_edges(option);
+	} else if (starts_with(option, "quiet")) {
 		show_stats = 0;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "stats")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(option, "stats")) {
 		show_stats = 1;
 	} else {
 		return 0;
@@ -3179,15 +3319,18 @@ static int parse_one_option(const char *option)
 
 static int parse_one_feature(const char *feature, int from_stream)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(feature, "date-format=")) {
-		option_date_format(feature + 12);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "import-marks=")) {
-		option_import_marks(feature + 13, from_stream, 0);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "import-marks-if-exists=")) {
-		option_import_marks(feature + strlen("import-marks-if-exists="),
-					from_stream, 1);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "export-marks=")) {
-		option_export_marks(feature + 13);
+	const char *arg;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(feature, "date-format=", &arg)) {
+		option_date_format(arg);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(feature, "import-marks=", &arg)) {
+		option_import_marks(arg, from_stream, 0);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(feature, "import-marks-if-exists=", &arg)) {
+		option_import_marks(arg, from_stream, 1);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(feature, "export-marks=", &arg)) {
+		option_export_marks(arg);
+	} else if (!strcmp(feature, "get-mark")) {
+		; /* Don't die - this feature is supported */
 	} else if (!strcmp(feature, "cat-blob")) {
 		; /* Don't die - this feature is supported */
 	} else if (!strcmp(feature, "relative-marks")) {
@@ -3207,10 +3350,8 @@ static int parse_one_feature(const char *feature, int from_stream)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void parse_feature(void)
+static void parse_feature(const char *feature)
 {
-	char *feature = command_buf.buf + 8;
-
 	if (seen_data_command)
 		die("Got feature command '%s' after data command", feature);
 
@@ -3220,10 +3361,8 @@ static void parse_feature(void)
 	die("This version of fast-import does not support feature %s.", feature);
 }
 
-static void parse_option(void)
+static void parse_option(const char *option)
 {
-	char *option = command_buf.buf + 11;
-
 	if (seen_data_command)
 		die("Got option command '%s' after data command", option);
 
@@ -3233,36 +3372,40 @@ static void parse_option(void)
 	die("This version of fast-import does not support option: %s", option);
 }
 
-static int git_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+static void git_pack_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.depth")) {
-		max_depth = git_config_int(k, v);
+	int indexversion_value;
+	int limit;
+	unsigned long packsizelimit_value;
+
+	if (!git_config_get_ulong("pack.depth", &max_depth)) {
 		if (max_depth > MAX_DEPTH)
 			max_depth = MAX_DEPTH;
-		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.compression")) {
-		int level = git_config_int(k, v);
-		if (level == -1)
-			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
-		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
-			die("bad pack compression level %d", level);
-		pack_compression_level = level;
+	if (!git_config_get_int("pack.compression", &pack_compression_level)) {
+		if (pack_compression_level == -1)
+			pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+		else if (pack_compression_level < 0 ||
+			 pack_compression_level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
+			git_die_config("pack.compression",
+					"bad pack compression level %d", pack_compression_level);
 		pack_compression_seen = 1;
-		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.indexversion")) {
-		pack_idx_opts.version = git_config_int(k, v);
+	if (!git_config_get_int("pack.indexversion", &indexversion_value)) {
+		pack_idx_opts.version = indexversion_value;
 		if (pack_idx_opts.version > 2)
-			die("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32,
-			    pack_idx_opts.version);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.packsizelimit")) {
-		max_packsize = git_config_ulong(k, v);
-		return 0;
+			git_die_config("pack.indexversion",
+					"bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32, pack_idx_opts.version);
 	}
-	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
+	if (!git_config_get_ulong("pack.packsizelimit", &packsizelimit_value))
+		max_packsize = packsizelimit_value;
+
+	if (!git_config_get_int("fastimport.unpacklimit", &limit))
+		unpack_limit = limit;
+	else if (!git_config_get_int("transfer.unpacklimit", &limit))
+		unpack_limit = limit;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 }
 
 static const char fast_import_usage[] =
@@ -3278,18 +3421,21 @@ static void parse_argv(void)
 		if (*a != '-' || !strcmp(a, "--"))
 			break;
 
-		if (parse_one_option(a + 2))
+		if (!skip_prefix(a, "--", &a))
+			die("unknown option %s", a);
+
+		if (parse_one_option(a))
 			continue;
 
-		if (parse_one_feature(a + 2, 0))
+		if (parse_one_feature(a, 0))
 			continue;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(a + 2, "cat-blob-fd=")) {
-			option_cat_blob_fd(a + 2 + strlen("cat-blob-fd="));
+		if (skip_prefix(a, "cat-blob-fd=", &a)) {
+			option_cat_blob_fd(a);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		die("unknown option %s", a);
+		die("unknown option --%s", a);
 	}
 	if (i != global_argc)
 		usage(fast_import_usage);
@@ -3299,7 +3445,7 @@ static void parse_argv(void)
 		read_marks();
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 
@@ -3312,7 +3458,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	setup_git_directory();
 	reset_pack_idx_option(&pack_idx_opts);
-	git_config(git_pack_config, NULL);
+	git_pack_config();
 	if (!pack_compression_seen && core_compression_seen)
 		pack_compression_level = core_compression_level;
 
@@ -3336,27 +3482,28 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	set_die_routine(die_nicely);
 	set_checkpoint_signal();
 	while (read_next_command() != EOF) {
+		const char *v;
 		if (!strcmp("blob", command_buf.buf))
 			parse_new_blob();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "ls "))
-			parse_ls(NULL);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "commit "))
-			parse_new_commit();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "tag "))
-			parse_new_tag();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "reset "))
-			parse_reset_branch();
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "ls ", &v))
+			parse_ls(v, NULL);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "commit ", &v))
+			parse_new_commit(v);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "tag ", &v))
+			parse_new_tag(v);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "reset ", &v))
+			parse_reset_branch(v);
 		else if (!strcmp("checkpoint", command_buf.buf))
 			parse_checkpoint();
 		else if (!strcmp("done", command_buf.buf))
 			break;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "progress "))
+		else if (starts_with(command_buf.buf, "progress "))
 			parse_progress();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "feature "))
-			parse_feature();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option git "))
-			parse_option();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option "))
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "feature ", &v))
+			parse_feature(v);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "option git ", &v))
+			parse_option(v);
+		else if (starts_with(command_buf.buf, "option "))
 			/* ignore non-git options*/;
 		else
 			die("Unsupported command: %s", command_buf.buf);
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b501d5c320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+
+static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int unpack_limit = 100;
+static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
+static int no_done;
+static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
+static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
+static int agent_supported;
+static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+static const char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
+#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
+#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
+#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
+#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
+#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
+
+static int marked;
+
+/*
+ * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
+ * give up traversing our history.
+ */
+#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
+
+static struct prio_queue rev_list = { compare_commits_by_commit_date };
+static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband;
+/* Allow specifying sha1 if it is a ref tip. */
+#define ALLOW_TIP_SHA1	01
+/* Allow request of a sha1 if it is reachable from a ref (possibly hidden ref). */
+#define ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1	02
+static unsigned int allow_unadvertised_object_request;
+
+static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
+{
+	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
+		commit->object.flags |= mark;
+
+		if (parse_commit(commit))
+			return;
+
+		prio_queue_put(&rev_list, commit);
+
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int rev_list_insert_ref_oid(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+				   int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return rev_list_insert_ref(refname, oid->hash);
+}
+
+static int clear_marks(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+		       int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(oid->hash), refname, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
+				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
+   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
+   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
+*/
+
+static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
+		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
+{
+	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
+
+		if (!ancestors_only)
+			o->flags |= COMMON;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
+			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
+		else {
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+
+			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
+				non_common_revs--;
+			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
+				if (parse_commit(commit))
+					return;
+
+			for (parents = commit->parents;
+					parents;
+					parents = parents->next)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
+*/
+
+static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+	while (commit == NULL) {
+		unsigned int mark;
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+
+		if (rev_list.nr == 0 || non_common_revs == 0)
+			return NULL;
+
+		commit = prio_queue_get(&rev_list);
+		parse_commit(commit);
+		parents = commit->parents;
+
+		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs--;
+
+		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
+			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			commit = NULL;
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
+			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		else
+			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
+			mark = SEEN;
+
+		while (parents) {
+			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
+				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
+			if (mark & COMMON)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.oid.hash;
+}
+
+enum ack_type {
+	NAK = 0,
+	ACK,
+	ACK_continue,
+	ACK_common,
+	ACK_ready
+};
+
+static void consume_shallow_list(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int fd)
+{
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && args->depth > 0) {
+		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
+		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
+		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
+		 */
+		char *line;
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd, NULL))) {
+			if (starts_with(line, "shallow "))
+				continue;
+			if (starts_with(line, "unshallow "))
+				continue;
+			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	int len;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(fd, &len);
+	const char *arg;
+
+	if (!len)
+		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
+	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
+		return NAK;
+	if (skip_prefix(line, "ACK ", &arg)) {
+		if (!get_sha1_hex(arg, result_sha1)) {
+			arg += 40;
+			len -= arg - line;
+			if (len < 1)
+				return ACK;
+			if (strstr(arg, "continue"))
+				return ACK_continue;
+			if (strstr(arg, "common"))
+				return ACK_common;
+			if (strstr(arg, "ready"))
+				return ACK_ready;
+			return ACK;
+		}
+	}
+	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
+}
+
+static void send_request(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			 int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		packet_flush(fd);
+	} else
+		write_or_die(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
+}
+
+static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
+{
+	rev_list_insert_ref(NULL, ref->old_oid.hash);
+}
+
+#define INITIAL_FLUSH 16
+#define PIPESAFE_FLUSH 32
+#define LARGE_FLUSH 1024
+
+static int next_flush(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int count)
+{
+	int flush_limit = args->stateless_rpc ? LARGE_FLUSH : PIPESAFE_FLUSH;
+
+	if (count < flush_limit)
+		count <<= 1;
+	else
+		count += flush_limit;
+	return count;
+}
+
+static int find_common(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		       int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
+		       struct ref *refs)
+{
+	int fetching;
+	int count = 0, flushes = 0, flush_at = INITIAL_FLUSH, retval;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned in_vain = 0;
+	int got_continue = 0;
+	int got_ready = 0;
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t state_len = 0;
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
+		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
+	if (marked)
+		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
+	marked = 1;
+
+	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref_oid, NULL);
+	for_each_alternate_ref(insert_one_alternate_ref, NULL);
+
+	fetching = 0;
+	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
+		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_oid.hash;
+		const char *remote_hex;
+		struct object *o;
+
+		/*
+		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
+		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
+		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
+		 * about.
+		 *
+		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
+		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
+		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
+		 */
+		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
+				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
+		if (!fetching) {
+			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
+			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
+			if (no_done)            strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-done");
+			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
+			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
+			if (args->use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
+			if (args->no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
+			if (args->include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
+			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
+			if (agent_supported)    strbuf_addf(&c, " agent=%s",
+							    git_user_agent_sanitized());
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&c);
+		} else
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
+		fetching++;
+	}
+
+	if (!fetching) {
+		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1, NULL);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args->depth);
+	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+	state_len = req_buf.len;
+
+	if (args->depth > 0) {
+		char *line;
+		const char *arg;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))) {
+			if (skip_prefix(line, "shallow ", &arg)) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(arg, sha1))
+					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
+				register_shallow(sha1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (skip_prefix(line, "unshallow ", &arg)) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(arg, sha1))
+					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
+				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
+					die("object not found: %s", line);
+				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
+				if (!parse_object(sha1))
+					die("error in object: %s", line);
+				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
+					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
+				continue;
+			}
+			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
+		}
+	} else if (!args->stateless_rpc)
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+
+	if (!args->stateless_rpc) {
+		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
+		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
+		 */
+		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
+		state_len = 0;
+	}
+
+	flushes = 0;
+	retval = -1;
+	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		in_vain++;
+		if (flush_at <= ++count) {
+			int ack;
+
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
+			flushes++;
+			flush_at = next_flush(args, count);
+
+			/*
+			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
+			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
+			 */
+			if (!args->stateless_rpc && count == INITIAL_FLUSH)
+				continue;
+
+			consume_shallow_list(args, fd[0]);
+			do {
+				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+				if (args->verbose && ack)
+					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
+							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+				switch (ack) {
+				case ACK:
+					flushes = 0;
+					multi_ack = 0;
+					retval = 0;
+					goto done;
+				case ACK_common:
+				case ACK_ready:
+				case ACK_continue: {
+					struct commit *commit =
+						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
+					if (!commit)
+						die("invalid commit %s", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+					if (args->stateless_rpc
+					 && ack == ACK_common
+					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+						/* We need to replay the have for this object
+						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
+						 * it is in common with us.
+						 */
+						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
+						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
+						state_len = req_buf.len;
+					}
+					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
+					retval = 0;
+					in_vain = 0;
+					got_continue = 1;
+					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
+						clear_prio_queue(&rev_list);
+						got_ready = 1;
+					}
+					break;
+					}
+				}
+			} while (ack);
+			flushes--;
+			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
+				if (args->verbose)
+					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
+				break; /* give up */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	if (!got_ready || !no_done) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+	}
+	if (args->verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
+	if (retval != 0) {
+		multi_ack = 0;
+		flushes++;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+
+	if (!got_ready || !no_done)
+		consume_shallow_list(args, fd[0]);
+	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
+		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+		if (ack) {
+			if (args->verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
+					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+			if (ack == ACK)
+				return 0;
+			multi_ack = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		flushes--;
+	}
+	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
+	return count ? retval : 0;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *complete;
+
+static int mark_complete(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+
+	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
+		if (!t->tagged)
+			break; /* broken repository */
+		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
+		o = parse_object(t->tagged->oid.hash);
+	}
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &complete);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int mark_complete_oid(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			     int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return mark_complete(oid->hash);
+}
+
+static void mark_recent_complete_commits(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+					 unsigned long cutoff)
+{
+	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
+				oid_to_hex(&complete->item->object.oid));
+		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
+	}
+}
+
+static void filter_refs(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			struct ref **refs,
+			struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
+{
+	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
+	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
+	struct ref *ref, *next;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 0;
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
+		int keep = 0;
+		next = ref->next;
+
+		if (starts_with(ref->name, "refs/") &&
+		    check_refname_format(ref->name, 0))
+			; /* trash */
+		else {
+			while (i < nr_sought) {
+				int cmp = strcmp(ref->name, sought[i]->name);
+				if (cmp < 0)
+					break; /* definitely do not have it */
+				else if (cmp == 0) {
+					keep = 1; /* definitely have it */
+					sought[i]->matched = 1;
+				}
+				i++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!keep && args->fetch_all &&
+		    (!args->depth || !starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/")))
+			keep = 1;
+
+		if (keep) {
+			*newtail = ref;
+			ref->next = NULL;
+			newtail = &ref->next;
+		} else {
+			free(ref);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Append unmatched requests to the list */
+	if ((allow_unadvertised_object_request &
+	    (ALLOW_TIP_SHA1 | ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1))) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			ref = sought[i];
+			if (ref->matched)
+				continue;
+			if (get_sha1_hex(ref->name, sha1) ||
+			    ref->name[40] != '\0' ||
+			    hashcmp(sha1, ref->old_oid.hash))
+				continue;
+
+			ref->matched = 1;
+			*newtail = copy_ref(ref);
+			newtail = &(*newtail)->next;
+		}
+	}
+	*refs = newlist;
+}
+
+static void mark_alternate_complete(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
+{
+	mark_complete(ref->old_oid.hash);
+}
+
+static int everything_local(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			    struct ref **refs,
+			    struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int retval;
+	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o;
+
+		if (!has_object_file(&ref->old_oid))
+			continue;
+
+		o = parse_object(ref->old_oid.hash);
+		if (!o)
+			continue;
+
+		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
+		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
+		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
+		 */
+		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!args->depth) {
+		for_each_ref(mark_complete_oid, NULL);
+		for_each_alternate_ref(mark_alternate_complete, NULL);
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&complete);
+		if (cutoff)
+			mark_recent_complete_commits(args, cutoff);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
+	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
+	 */
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_oid.hash),
+					     NULL, 0);
+
+		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
+			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
+
+			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	filter_refs(args, refs, sought, nr_sought);
+
+	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
+		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_oid.hash;
+		struct object *o;
+
+		o = lookup_object(remote);
+		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			retval = 0;
+			if (!args->verbose)
+				continue;
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+				ref->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!args->verbose)
+			continue;
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+			ref->name);
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+{
+	int *xd = data;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], out);
+	close(out);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		    int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct async demux;
+	int do_keep = args->keep_pack;
+	const char *cmd_name;
+	struct pack_header header;
+	int pass_header = 0;
+	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+	if (use_sideband) {
+		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
+		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
+		 * through demux->out.
+		 */
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = xd;
+		demux.out = -1;
+		demux.isolate_sigpipe = 1;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
+			    " demultiplexer");
+	}
+	else
+		demux.out = xd[0];
+
+	if (!args->keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
+
+		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
+			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
+		pass_header = 1;
+		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
+			do_keep = 0;
+		else
+			do_keep = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (alternate_shallow_file) {
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--shallow-file");
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, alternate_shallow_file);
+	}
+
+	if (do_keep) {
+		if (pack_lockfile)
+			cmd.out = -1;
+		cmd_name = "index-pack";
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, cmd_name);
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--stdin");
+		if (!args->quiet && !args->no_progress)
+			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-v");
+		if (args->use_thin_pack)
+			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--fix-thin");
+		if (args->lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
+			char hostname[256];
+			if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)))
+				xsnprintf(hostname, sizeof(hostname), "localhost");
+			argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args,
+					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on %s",
+					(uintmax_t)getpid(), hostname);
+		}
+		if (args->check_self_contained_and_connected)
+			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--check-self-contained-and-connected");
+	}
+	else {
+		cmd_name = "unpack-objects";
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, cmd_name);
+		if (args->quiet || args->no_progress)
+			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-q");
+		args->check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (pass_header)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+				 ntohl(header.hdr_version),
+				 ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
+	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
+	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
+	    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
+	    ? transfer_fsck_objects
+	    : 0)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--strict");
+
+	cmd.in = demux.out;
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&cmd))
+		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", cmd_name);
+	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
+		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
+		close(cmd.out);
+	}
+
+	if (!use_sideband)
+		/* Closed by start_command() */
+		xd[0] = -1;
+
+	ret = finish_command(&cmd);
+	if (!ret || (args->check_self_contained_and_connected && ret == 1))
+		args->self_contained_and_connected =
+			args->check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+			ret == 0;
+	else
+		die("%s failed", cmd_name);
+	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
+		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmp_ref_by_name(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct ref *a = *((const struct ref **)a_);
+	const struct ref *b = *((const struct ref **)b_);
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+				 int fd[2],
+				 const struct ref *orig_ref,
+				 struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+				 struct shallow_info *si,
+				 char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *agent_feature;
+	int agent_len;
+
+	sort_ref_list(&ref, ref_compare_name);
+	qsort(sought, nr_sought, sizeof(*sought), cmp_ref_by_name);
+
+	if ((args->depth > 0 || is_repository_shallow()) && !server_supports("shallow"))
+		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
+	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
+		multi_ack = 2;
+		if (server_supports("no-done")) {
+			if (args->verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "Server supports no-done\n");
+			if (args->stateless_rpc)
+				no_done = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
+		multi_ack = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
+		use_sideband = 2;
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("allow-tip-sha1-in-want")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports allow-tip-sha1-in-want\n");
+		allow_unadvertised_object_request |= ALLOW_TIP_SHA1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("allow-reachable-sha1-in-want")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports allow-reachable-sha1-in-want\n");
+		allow_unadvertised_object_request |= ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1;
+	}
+	if (!server_supports("thin-pack"))
+		args->use_thin_pack = 0;
+	if (!server_supports("no-progress"))
+		args->no_progress = 0;
+	if (!server_supports("include-tag"))
+		args->include_tag = 0;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
+	} else
+		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
+
+	if ((agent_feature = server_feature_value("agent", &agent_len))) {
+		agent_supported = 1;
+		if (args->verbose && agent_len)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server version is %.*s\n",
+				agent_len, agent_feature);
+	}
+
+	if (everything_local(args, &ref, sought, nr_sought)) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		goto all_done;
+	}
+	if (find_common(args, fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
+		if (!args->keep_pack)
+			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
+			 * no common commit.
+			 */
+			warning("no common commits");
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock, &alternate_shallow_file,
+					NULL);
+	else if (si->nr_ours || si->nr_theirs)
+		alternate_shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow(si->shallow);
+	else
+		alternate_shallow_file = NULL;
+	if (get_pack(args, fd, pack_lockfile))
+		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
+
+ all_done:
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static void fetch_pack_config(void)
+{
+	git_config_get_int("fetch.unpacklimit", &fetch_unpack_limit);
+	git_config_get_int("transfer.unpacklimit", &transfer_unpack_limit);
+	git_config_get_bool("repack.usedeltabaseoffset", &prefer_ofs_delta);
+	git_config_get_bool("fetch.fsckobjects", &fetch_fsck_objects);
+	git_config_get_bool("transfer.fsckobjects", &transfer_fsck_objects);
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+}
+
+static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
+{
+	static int did_setup;
+	if (did_setup)
+		return;
+	fetch_pack_config();
+	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
+	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
+	did_setup = 1;
+}
+
+static int remove_duplicates_in_refs(struct ref **ref, int nr)
+{
+	struct string_list names = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int src, dst;
+
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		item = string_list_insert(&names, ref[src]->name);
+		if (item->util)
+			continue; /* already have it */
+		item->util = ref[src];
+		if (src != dst)
+			ref[dst] = ref[src];
+		dst++;
+	}
+	for (src = dst; src < nr; src++)
+		ref[src] = NULL;
+	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
+	return dst;
+}
+
+static void update_shallow(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			   struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+			   struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct sha1_array ref = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int *status;
+	int i;
+
+	if (args->depth > 0 && alternate_shallow_file) {
+		if (*alternate_shallow_file == '\0') { /* --unshallow */
+			unlink_or_warn(git_path_shallow());
+			rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		} else
+			commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!si->shallow || !si->shallow->nr)
+		return;
+
+	if (args->cloning) {
+		/*
+		 * remote is shallow, but this is a clone, there are
+		 * no objects in repo to worry about. Accept any
+		 * shallow points that exist in the pack (iow in repo
+		 * after get_pack() and reprepare_packed_git())
+		 */
+		struct sha1_array extra = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+		unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = si->shallow->sha1;
+		for (i = 0; i < si->shallow->nr; i++)
+			if (has_sha1_file(sha1[i]))
+				sha1_array_append(&extra, sha1[i]);
+		if (extra.nr) {
+			setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock,
+						&alternate_shallow_file,
+						&extra);
+			commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		}
+		sha1_array_clear(&extra);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!si->nr_ours && !si->nr_theirs)
+		return;
+
+	remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(si);
+	if (!si->nr_ours && !si->nr_theirs)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++)
+		sha1_array_append(&ref, sought[i]->old_oid.hash);
+	si->ref = &ref;
+
+	if (args->update_shallow) {
+		/*
+		 * remote is also shallow, .git/shallow may be updated
+		 * so all refs can be accepted. Make sure we only add
+		 * shallow roots that are actually reachable from new
+		 * refs.
+		 */
+		struct sha1_array extra = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+		unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = si->shallow->sha1;
+		assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(si, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!si->nr_ours && !si->nr_theirs) {
+			sha1_array_clear(&ref);
+			return;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < si->nr_ours; i++)
+			sha1_array_append(&extra, sha1[si->ours[i]]);
+		for (i = 0; i < si->nr_theirs; i++)
+			sha1_array_append(&extra, sha1[si->theirs[i]]);
+		setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock,
+					&alternate_shallow_file,
+					&extra);
+		commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		sha1_array_clear(&extra);
+		sha1_array_clear(&ref);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * remote is also shallow, check what ref is safe to update
+	 * without updating .git/shallow
+	 */
+	status = xcalloc(nr_sought, sizeof(*status));
+	assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(si, NULL, status);
+	if (si->nr_ours || si->nr_theirs) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++)
+			if (status[i])
+				sought[i]->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW;
+	}
+	free(status);
+	sha1_array_clear(&ref);
+}
+
+struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		       const struct ref *ref,
+		       const char *dest,
+		       struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+		       struct sha1_array *shallow,
+		       char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref_cpy;
+	struct shallow_info si;
+
+	fetch_pack_setup();
+	if (nr_sought)
+		nr_sought = remove_duplicates_in_refs(sought, nr_sought);
+
+	if (!ref) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		die("no matching remote head");
+	}
+	prepare_shallow_info(&si, shallow);
+	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(args, fd, ref, sought, nr_sought,
+				&si, pack_lockfile);
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	update_shallow(args, sought, nr_sought, &si);
+	clear_shallow_info(&si);
+	return ref_cpy;
+}
diff --git a/fetch-pack.h b/fetch-pack.h
index 0608edae3f..bb7fd76e59 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.h
+++ b/fetch-pack.h
@@ -1,27 +1,44 @@
 #ifndef FETCH_PACK_H
 #define FETCH_PACK_H
 
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+struct sha1_array;
+
 struct fetch_pack_args {
 	const char *uploadpack;
 	int unpacklimit;
 	int depth;
-	unsigned quiet:1,
-		keep_pack:1,
-		lock_pack:1,
-		use_thin_pack:1,
-		fetch_all:1,
-		verbose:1,
-		no_progress:1,
-		include_tag:1,
-		stateless_rpc:1;
+	unsigned quiet:1;
+	unsigned keep_pack:1;
+	unsigned lock_pack:1;
+	unsigned use_thin_pack:1;
+	unsigned fetch_all:1;
+	unsigned stdin_refs:1;
+	unsigned diag_url:1;
+	unsigned verbose:1;
+	unsigned no_progress:1;
+	unsigned include_tag:1;
+	unsigned stateless_rpc:1;
+	unsigned check_self_contained_and_connected:1;
+	unsigned self_contained_and_connected:1;
+	unsigned cloning:1;
+	unsigned update_shallow:1;
 };
 
+/*
+ * sought represents remote references that should be updated from.
+ * On return, the names that were found on the remote will have been
+ * marked as such.
+ */
 struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
-		int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-		const struct ref *ref,
-		const char *dest,
-		int nr_heads,
-		char **heads,
-		char **pack_lockfile);
+		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		       const struct ref *ref,
+		       const char *dest,
+		       struct ref **sought,
+		       int nr_sought,
+		       struct sha1_array *shallow,
+		       char **pack_lockfile);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/fixup-builtins b/fixup-builtins
deleted file mode 100755
index 63dfa4c475..0000000000
--- a/fixup-builtins
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-while [ "$1" ]
-do
-	if [ "$1" != "git-sh-setup" -a "$1" != "git-parse-remote" -a "$1" != "git-svn" ]; then
-		old="$1"
-		new=$(echo "$1" | sed 's/git-/git /')
-		echo "Converting '$old' to '$new'"
-		sed -i "s/\\<$old\\>/$new/g" $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-	fi
-	shift
-done
-
-sed -i 's/git merge-one-file/git-merge-one-file/g
-s/git rebase-todo/git-rebase-todo/g' $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-git update-index --refresh >& /dev/null
-exit 0
diff --git a/fsck.c b/fsck.c
index 6c855f84f0..05315451c5 100644
--- a/fsck.c
+++ b/fsck.c
@@ -6,8 +6,298 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "fsck.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+
+#define FSCK_FATAL -1
+#define FSCK_INFO -2
+
+#define FOREACH_MSG_ID(FUNC) \
+	/* fatal errors */ \
+	FUNC(NUL_IN_HEADER, FATAL) \
+	FUNC(UNTERMINATED_HEADER, FATAL) \
+	/* errors */ \
+	FUNC(BAD_DATE, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_DATE_OVERFLOW, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_EMAIL, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_NAME, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_OBJECT_SHA1, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_PARENT_SHA1, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_TAG_OBJECT, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_TIMEZONE, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_TREE, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_TREE_SHA1, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(BAD_TYPE, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(DUPLICATE_ENTRIES, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_AUTHOR, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_COMMITTER, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_EMAIL, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_GRAFT, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_NAME_BEFORE_EMAIL, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_OBJECT, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_PARENT, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_SPACE_BEFORE_DATE, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_SPACE_BEFORE_EMAIL, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_TAG, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_TAG_ENTRY, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_TAG_OBJECT, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_TREE, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_TYPE, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_TYPE_ENTRY, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(MULTIPLE_AUTHORS, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(TAG_OBJECT_NOT_TAG, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(TREE_NOT_SORTED, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(UNKNOWN_TYPE, ERROR) \
+	FUNC(ZERO_PADDED_DATE, ERROR) \
+	/* warnings */ \
+	FUNC(BAD_FILEMODE, WARN) \
+	FUNC(EMPTY_NAME, WARN) \
+	FUNC(FULL_PATHNAME, WARN) \
+	FUNC(HAS_DOT, WARN) \
+	FUNC(HAS_DOTDOT, WARN) \
+	FUNC(HAS_DOTGIT, WARN) \
+	FUNC(NULL_SHA1, WARN) \
+	FUNC(ZERO_PADDED_FILEMODE, WARN) \
+	FUNC(NUL_IN_COMMIT, WARN) \
+	/* infos (reported as warnings, but ignored by default) */ \
+	FUNC(BAD_TAG_NAME, INFO) \
+	FUNC(MISSING_TAGGER_ENTRY, INFO)
+
+#define MSG_ID(id, msg_type) FSCK_MSG_##id,
+enum fsck_msg_id {
+	FOREACH_MSG_ID(MSG_ID)
+	FSCK_MSG_MAX
+};
+#undef MSG_ID
+
+#define STR(x) #x
+#define MSG_ID(id, msg_type) { STR(id), NULL, FSCK_##msg_type },
+static struct {
+	const char *id_string;
+	const char *downcased;
+	int msg_type;
+} msg_id_info[FSCK_MSG_MAX + 1] = {
+	FOREACH_MSG_ID(MSG_ID)
+	{ NULL, NULL, -1 }
+};
+#undef MSG_ID
+
+static int parse_msg_id(const char *text)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!msg_id_info[0].downcased) {
+		/* convert id_string to lower case, without underscores. */
+		for (i = 0; i < FSCK_MSG_MAX; i++) {
+			const char *p = msg_id_info[i].id_string;
+			int len = strlen(p);
+			char *q = xmalloc(len);
+
+			msg_id_info[i].downcased = q;
+			while (*p)
+				if (*p == '_')
+					p++;
+				else
+					*(q)++ = tolower(*(p)++);
+			*q = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < FSCK_MSG_MAX; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(text, msg_id_info[i].downcased))
+			return i;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int fsck_msg_type(enum fsck_msg_id msg_id,
+	struct fsck_options *options)
+{
+	int msg_type;
+
+	assert(msg_id >= 0 && msg_id < FSCK_MSG_MAX);
+
+	if (options->msg_type)
+		msg_type = options->msg_type[msg_id];
+	else {
+		msg_type = msg_id_info[msg_id].msg_type;
+		if (options->strict && msg_type == FSCK_WARN)
+			msg_type = FSCK_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	return msg_type;
+}
+
+static void init_skiplist(struct fsck_options *options, const char *path)
+{
+	static struct sha1_array skiplist = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int sorted, fd;
+	char buffer[41];
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (options->skiplist)
+		sorted = options->skiplist->sorted;
+	else {
+		sorted = 1;
+		options->skiplist = &skiplist;
+	}
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die("Could not open skip list: %s", path);
+	for (;;) {
+		int result = read_in_full(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+		if (result < 0)
+			die_errno("Could not read '%s'", path);
+		if (!result)
+			break;
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n')
+			die("Invalid SHA-1: %s", buffer);
+		sha1_array_append(&skiplist, sha1);
+		if (sorted && skiplist.nr > 1 &&
+				hashcmp(skiplist.sha1[skiplist.nr - 2],
+					sha1) > 0)
+			sorted = 0;
+	}
+	close(fd);
+
+	if (sorted)
+		skiplist.sorted = 1;
+}
+
+static int parse_msg_type(const char *str)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(str, "error"))
+		return FSCK_ERROR;
+	else if (!strcmp(str, "warn"))
+		return FSCK_WARN;
+	else if (!strcmp(str, "ignore"))
+		return FSCK_IGNORE;
+	else
+		die("Unknown fsck message type: '%s'", str);
+}
+
+int is_valid_msg_type(const char *msg_id, const char *msg_type)
+{
+	if (parse_msg_id(msg_id) < 0)
+		return 0;
+	parse_msg_type(msg_type);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void fsck_set_msg_type(struct fsck_options *options,
+		const char *msg_id, const char *msg_type)
+{
+	int id = parse_msg_id(msg_id), type;
+
+	if (id < 0)
+		die("Unhandled message id: %s", msg_id);
+	type = parse_msg_type(msg_type);
+
+	if (type != FSCK_ERROR && msg_id_info[id].msg_type == FSCK_FATAL)
+		die("Cannot demote %s to %s", msg_id, msg_type);
+
+	if (!options->msg_type) {
+		int i;
+		int *msg_type;
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(msg_type, FSCK_MSG_MAX);
+		for (i = 0; i < FSCK_MSG_MAX; i++)
+			msg_type[i] = fsck_msg_type(i, options);
+		options->msg_type = msg_type;
+	}
+
+	options->msg_type[id] = type;
+}
+
+void fsck_set_msg_types(struct fsck_options *options, const char *values)
+{
+	char *buf = xstrdup(values), *to_free = buf;
+	int done = 0;
+
+	while (!done) {
+		int len = strcspn(buf, " ,|"), equal;
+
+		done = !buf[len];
+		if (!len) {
+			buf++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		buf[len] = '\0';
+
+		for (equal = 0;
+		     equal < len && buf[equal] != '=' && buf[equal] != ':';
+		     equal++)
+			buf[equal] = tolower(buf[equal]);
+		buf[equal] = '\0';
+
+		if (!strcmp(buf, "skiplist")) {
+			if (equal == len)
+				die("skiplist requires a path");
+			init_skiplist(options, buf + equal + 1);
+			buf += len + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (equal == len)
+			die("Missing '=': '%s'", buf);
+
+		fsck_set_msg_type(options, buf, buf + equal + 1);
+		buf += len + 1;
+	}
+	free(to_free);
+}
+
+static void append_msg_id(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg_id)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		char c = *(msg_id)++;
+
+		if (!c)
+			break;
+		if (c != '_')
+			strbuf_addch(sb, tolower(c));
+		else {
+			assert(*msg_id);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, *(msg_id)++);
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, ": ");
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 4, 5)))
+static int report(struct fsck_options *options, struct object *object,
+	enum fsck_msg_id id, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int msg_type = fsck_msg_type(id, options), result;
+
+	if (msg_type == FSCK_IGNORE)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (options->skiplist && object &&
+			sha1_array_lookup(options->skiplist, object->oid.hash) >= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (msg_type == FSCK_FATAL)
+		msg_type = FSCK_ERROR;
+	else if (msg_type == FSCK_INFO)
+		msg_type = FSCK_WARN;
+
+	append_msg_id(&sb, msg_id_info[id].id_string);
 
-static int fsck_walk_tree(struct tree *tree, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, ap);
+	result = options->error_func(object, msg_type, sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int fsck_walk_tree(struct tree *tree, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	struct tree_desc desc;
 	struct name_entry entry;
@@ -23,12 +313,12 @@ static int fsck_walk_tree(struct tree *tree, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
 			continue;
 		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
-			result = walk(&lookup_tree(entry.sha1)->object, OBJ_TREE, data);
+			result = options->walk(&lookup_tree(entry.oid->hash)->object, OBJ_TREE, data, options);
 		else if (S_ISREG(entry.mode) || S_ISLNK(entry.mode))
-			result = walk(&lookup_blob(entry.sha1)->object, OBJ_BLOB, data);
+			result = options->walk(&lookup_blob(entry.oid->hash)->object, OBJ_BLOB, data, options);
 		else {
-			result = error("in tree %s: entry %s has bad mode %.6o\n",
-					sha1_to_hex(tree->object.sha1), entry.path, entry.mode);
+			result = error("in tree %s: entry %s has bad mode %.6o",
+					oid_to_hex(&tree->object.oid), entry.path, entry.mode);
 		}
 		if (result < 0)
 			return result;
@@ -38,7 +328,7 @@ static int fsck_walk_tree(struct tree *tree, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
 	return res;
 }
 
-static int fsck_walk_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
+static int fsck_walk_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	struct commit_list *parents;
 	int res;
@@ -47,14 +337,14 @@ static int fsck_walk_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_walk_func walk, void *da
 	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		return -1;
 
-	result = walk((struct object *)commit->tree, OBJ_TREE, data);
+	result = options->walk((struct object *)commit->tree, OBJ_TREE, data, options);
 	if (result < 0)
 		return result;
 	res = result;
 
 	parents = commit->parents;
 	while (parents) {
-		result = walk((struct object *)parents->item, OBJ_COMMIT, data);
+		result = options->walk((struct object *)parents->item, OBJ_COMMIT, data, options);
 		if (result < 0)
 			return result;
 		if (!res)
@@ -64,14 +354,14 @@ static int fsck_walk_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_walk_func walk, void *da
 	return res;
 }
 
-static int fsck_walk_tag(struct tag *tag, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
+static int fsck_walk_tag(struct tag *tag, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	if (parse_tag(tag))
 		return -1;
-	return walk(tag->tagged, OBJ_ANY, data);
+	return options->walk(tag->tagged, OBJ_ANY, data, options);
 }
 
-int fsck_walk(struct object *obj, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
+int fsck_walk(struct object *obj, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	if (!obj)
 		return -1;
@@ -79,13 +369,13 @@ int fsck_walk(struct object *obj, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 		return 0;
 	case OBJ_TREE:
-		return fsck_walk_tree((struct tree *)obj, walk, data);
+		return fsck_walk_tree((struct tree *)obj, data, options);
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
-		return fsck_walk_commit((struct commit *)obj, walk, data);
+		return fsck_walk_commit((struct commit *)obj, data, options);
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		return fsck_walk_tag((struct tag *)obj, walk, data);
+		return fsck_walk_tag((struct tag *)obj, data, options);
 	default:
-		error("Unknown object type for %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		error("Unknown object type for %s", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 		return -1;
 	}
 }
@@ -136,11 +426,15 @@ static int verify_ordered(unsigned mode1, const char *name1, unsigned mode2, con
 	return c1 < c2 ? 0 : TREE_UNORDERED;
 }
 
-static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
+static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	int retval;
+	int has_null_sha1 = 0;
 	int has_full_path = 0;
 	int has_empty_name = 0;
+	int has_dot = 0;
+	int has_dotdot = 0;
+	int has_dotgit = 0;
 	int has_zero_pad = 0;
 	int has_bad_modes = 0;
 	int has_dup_entries = 0;
@@ -157,13 +451,18 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 	while (desc.size) {
 		unsigned mode;
 		const char *name;
-
-		tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
-
-		if (strchr(name, '/'))
-			has_full_path = 1;
-		if (!*name)
-			has_empty_name = 1;
+		const struct object_id *oid;
+
+		oid = tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
+
+		has_null_sha1 |= is_null_oid(oid);
+		has_full_path |= !!strchr(name, '/');
+		has_empty_name |= !*name;
+		has_dot |= !strcmp(name, ".");
+		has_dotdot |= !strcmp(name, "..");
+		has_dotgit |= (!strcmp(name, ".git") ||
+			       is_hfs_dotgit(name) ||
+			       is_ntfs_dotgit(name));
 		has_zero_pad |= *(char *)desc.buffer == '0';
 		update_tree_entry(&desc);
 
@@ -183,7 +482,7 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 		 * bits..
 		 */
 		case S_IFREG | 0664:
-			if (!strict)
+			if (!options->strict)
 				break;
 		default:
 			has_bad_modes = 1;
@@ -207,157 +506,324 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 	}
 
 	retval = 0;
+	if (has_null_sha1)
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_NULL_SHA1, "contains entries pointing to null sha1");
 	if (has_full_path)
-		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains full pathnames");
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_FULL_PATHNAME, "contains full pathnames");
 	if (has_empty_name)
-		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains empty pathname");
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_EMPTY_NAME, "contains empty pathname");
+	if (has_dot)
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_HAS_DOT, "contains '.'");
+	if (has_dotdot)
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_HAS_DOTDOT, "contains '..'");
+	if (has_dotgit)
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_HAS_DOTGIT, "contains '.git'");
 	if (has_zero_pad)
-		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains zero-padded file modes");
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_ZERO_PADDED_FILEMODE, "contains zero-padded file modes");
 	if (has_bad_modes)
-		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains bad file modes");
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_BAD_FILEMODE, "contains bad file modes");
 	if (has_dup_entries)
-		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_ERROR, "contains duplicate file entries");
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_DUPLICATE_ENTRIES, "contains duplicate file entries");
 	if (not_properly_sorted)
-		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_ERROR, "not properly sorted");
+		retval += report(options, &item->object, FSCK_MSG_TREE_NOT_SORTED, "not properly sorted");
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int fsck_ident(char **ident, struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
+static int verify_headers(const void *data, unsigned long size,
+			  struct object *obj, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
-	if (**ident == '<')
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - missing space before email");
-	*ident += strcspn(*ident, "<>\n");
-	if (**ident == '>')
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - bad name");
-	if (**ident != '<')
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - missing email");
-	if ((*ident)[-1] != ' ')
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - missing space before email");
-	(*ident)++;
-	*ident += strcspn(*ident, "<>\n");
-	if (**ident != '>')
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - bad email");
-	(*ident)++;
-	if (**ident != ' ')
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - missing space before date");
-	(*ident)++;
-	if (**ident == '0' && (*ident)[1] != ' ')
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - zero-padded date");
-	*ident += strspn(*ident, "0123456789");
-	if (**ident != ' ')
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - bad date");
-	(*ident)++;
-	if ((**ident != '+' && **ident != '-') ||
-	    !isdigit((*ident)[1]) ||
-	    !isdigit((*ident)[2]) ||
-	    !isdigit((*ident)[3]) ||
-	    !isdigit((*ident)[4]) ||
-	    ((*ident)[5] != '\n'))
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - bad time zone");
-	(*ident) += 6;
+	const char *buffer = (const char *)data;
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		switch (buffer[i]) {
+		case '\0':
+			return report(options, obj,
+				FSCK_MSG_NUL_IN_HEADER,
+				"unterminated header: NUL at offset %ld", i);
+		case '\n':
+			if (i + 1 < size && buffer[i + 1] == '\n')
+				return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We did not find double-LF that separates the header
+	 * and the body.  Not having a body is not a crime but
+	 * we do want to see the terminating LF for the last header
+	 * line.
+	 */
+	if (size && buffer[size - 1] == '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	return report(options, obj,
+		FSCK_MSG_UNTERMINATED_HEADER, "unterminated header");
+}
+
+static int fsck_ident(const char **ident, struct object *obj, struct fsck_options *options)
+{
+	const char *p = *ident;
+	char *end;
+
+	*ident = strchrnul(*ident, '\n');
+	if (**ident == '\n')
+		(*ident)++;
+
+	if (*p == '<')
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_NAME_BEFORE_EMAIL, "invalid author/committer line - missing space before email");
+	p += strcspn(p, "<>\n");
+	if (*p == '>')
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_BAD_NAME, "invalid author/committer line - bad name");
+	if (*p != '<')
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_EMAIL, "invalid author/committer line - missing email");
+	if (p[-1] != ' ')
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_SPACE_BEFORE_EMAIL, "invalid author/committer line - missing space before email");
+	p++;
+	p += strcspn(p, "<>\n");
+	if (*p != '>')
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_BAD_EMAIL, "invalid author/committer line - bad email");
+	p++;
+	if (*p != ' ')
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_SPACE_BEFORE_DATE, "invalid author/committer line - missing space before date");
+	p++;
+	if (*p == '0' && p[1] != ' ')
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_ZERO_PADDED_DATE, "invalid author/committer line - zero-padded date");
+	if (date_overflows(strtoul(p, &end, 10)))
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_BAD_DATE_OVERFLOW, "invalid author/committer line - date causes integer overflow");
+	if ((end == p || *end != ' '))
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_BAD_DATE, "invalid author/committer line - bad date");
+	p = end + 1;
+	if ((*p != '+' && *p != '-') ||
+	    !isdigit(p[1]) ||
+	    !isdigit(p[2]) ||
+	    !isdigit(p[3]) ||
+	    !isdigit(p[4]) ||
+	    (p[5] != '\n'))
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_BAD_TIMEZONE, "invalid author/committer line - bad time zone");
+	p += 6;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int fsck_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_error error_func)
+static int fsck_commit_buffer(struct commit *commit, const char *buffer,
+	unsigned long size, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
-	char *buffer = commit->buffer;
 	unsigned char tree_sha1[20], sha1[20];
 	struct commit_graft *graft;
-	int parents = 0;
+	unsigned parent_count, parent_line_count = 0, author_count;
 	int err;
+	const char *buffer_begin = buffer;
+
+	if (verify_headers(buffer, size, &commit->object, options))
+		return -1;
 
-	if (commit->date == ULONG_MAX)
-		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line");
-
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "tree ", 5))
-		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'tree' line");
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer+5, tree_sha1) || buffer[45] != '\n')
-		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'tree' line format - bad sha1");
-	buffer += 46;
-	while (!memcmp(buffer, "parent ", 7)) {
-		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer+7, sha1) || buffer[47] != '\n')
-			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'parent' line format - bad sha1");
-		buffer += 48;
-		parents++;
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "tree ", &buffer))
+		return report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_TREE, "invalid format - expected 'tree' line");
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, tree_sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n') {
+		err = report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_BAD_TREE_SHA1, "invalid 'tree' line format - bad sha1");
+		if (err)
+			return err;
 	}
-	graft = lookup_commit_graft(commit->object.sha1);
-	if (graft) {
-		struct commit_list *p = commit->parents;
-		parents = 0;
-		while (p) {
-			p = p->next;
-			parents++;
+	buffer += 41;
+	while (skip_prefix(buffer, "parent ", &buffer)) {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n') {
+			err = report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_BAD_PARENT_SHA1, "invalid 'parent' line format - bad sha1");
+			if (err)
+				return err;
 		}
-		if (graft->nr_parent == -1 && !parents)
+		buffer += 41;
+		parent_line_count++;
+	}
+	graft = lookup_commit_graft(commit->object.oid.hash);
+	parent_count = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	if (graft) {
+		if (graft->nr_parent == -1 && !parent_count)
 			; /* shallow commit */
-		else if (graft->nr_parent != parents)
-			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "graft objects missing");
+		else if (graft->nr_parent != parent_count) {
+			err = report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_GRAFT, "graft objects missing");
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
 	} else {
-		struct commit_list *p = commit->parents;
-		while (p && parents) {
-			p = p->next;
-			parents--;
+		if (parent_count != parent_line_count) {
+			err = report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_PARENT, "parent objects missing");
+			if (err)
+				return err;
 		}
-		if (p || parents)
-			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "parent objects missing");
 	}
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "author ", 7))
-		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'author' line");
-	buffer += 7;
-	err = fsck_ident(&buffer, &commit->object, error_func);
+	author_count = 0;
+	while (skip_prefix(buffer, "author ", &buffer)) {
+		author_count++;
+		err = fsck_ident(&buffer, &commit->object, options);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+	if (author_count < 1)
+		err = report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_AUTHOR, "invalid format - expected 'author' line");
+	else if (author_count > 1)
+		err = report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_MULTIPLE_AUTHORS, "invalid format - multiple 'author' lines");
 	if (err)
 		return err;
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "committer ", strlen("committer ")))
-		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'committer' line");
-	buffer += strlen("committer ");
-	err = fsck_ident(&buffer, &commit->object, error_func);
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "committer ", &buffer))
+		return report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_COMMITTER, "invalid format - expected 'committer' line");
+	err = fsck_ident(&buffer, &commit->object, options);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
-	if (!commit->tree)
-		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "could not load commit's tree %s", sha1_to_hex(tree_sha1));
-
+	if (!commit->tree) {
+		err = report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_BAD_TREE, "could not load commit's tree %s", sha1_to_hex(tree_sha1));
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+	if (memchr(buffer_begin, '\0', size)) {
+		err = report(options, &commit->object, FSCK_MSG_NUL_IN_COMMIT,
+			     "NUL byte in the commit object body");
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int fsck_tag(struct tag *tag, fsck_error error_func)
+static int fsck_commit(struct commit *commit, const char *data,
+	unsigned long size, struct fsck_options *options)
+{
+	const char *buffer = data ?  data : get_commit_buffer(commit, &size);
+	int ret = fsck_commit_buffer(commit, buffer, size, options);
+	if (!data)
+		unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int fsck_tag_buffer(struct tag *tag, const char *data,
+	unsigned long size, struct fsck_options *options)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int ret = 0;
+	const char *buffer;
+	char *to_free = NULL, *eol;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (data)
+		buffer = data;
+	else {
+		enum object_type type;
+
+		buffer = to_free =
+			read_sha1_file(tag->object.oid.hash, &type, &size);
+		if (!buffer)
+			return report(options, &tag->object,
+				FSCK_MSG_MISSING_TAG_OBJECT,
+				"cannot read tag object");
+
+		if (type != OBJ_TAG) {
+			ret = report(options, &tag->object,
+				FSCK_MSG_TAG_OBJECT_NOT_TAG,
+				"expected tag got %s",
+			    typename(type));
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = verify_headers(buffer, size, &tag->object, options);
+	if (ret)
+		goto done;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "object ", &buffer)) {
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_OBJECT, "invalid format - expected 'object' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n') {
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_BAD_OBJECT_SHA1, "invalid 'object' line format - bad sha1");
+		if (ret)
+			goto done;
+	}
+	buffer += 41;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "type ", &buffer)) {
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_TYPE_ENTRY, "invalid format - expected 'type' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	eol = strchr(buffer, '\n');
+	if (!eol) {
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_TYPE, "invalid format - unexpected end after 'type' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	if (type_from_string_gently(buffer, eol - buffer, 1) < 0)
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_BAD_TYPE, "invalid 'type' value");
+	if (ret)
+		goto done;
+	buffer = eol + 1;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "tag ", &buffer)) {
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_TAG_ENTRY, "invalid format - expected 'tag' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	eol = strchr(buffer, '\n');
+	if (!eol) {
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_TAG, "invalid format - unexpected end after 'type' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "refs/tags/%.*s", (int)(eol - buffer), buffer);
+	if (check_refname_format(sb.buf, 0)) {
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_BAD_TAG_NAME,
+			   "invalid 'tag' name: %.*s",
+			   (int)(eol - buffer), buffer);
+		if (ret)
+			goto done;
+	}
+	buffer = eol + 1;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "tagger ", &buffer)) {
+		/* early tags do not contain 'tagger' lines; warn only */
+		ret = report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_MISSING_TAGGER_ENTRY, "invalid format - expected 'tagger' line");
+		if (ret)
+			goto done;
+	}
+	else
+		ret = fsck_ident(&buffer, &tag->object, options);
+
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	free(to_free);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int fsck_tag(struct tag *tag, const char *data,
+	unsigned long size, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	struct object *tagged = tag->tagged;
 
 	if (!tagged)
-		return error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "could not load tagged object");
-	return 0;
+		return report(options, &tag->object, FSCK_MSG_BAD_TAG_OBJECT, "could not load tagged object");
+
+	return fsck_tag_buffer(tag, data, size, options);
 }
 
-int fsck_object(struct object *obj, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
+int fsck_object(struct object *obj, void *data, unsigned long size,
+	struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	if (!obj)
-		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "no valid object to fsck");
+		return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_BAD_OBJECT_SHA1, "no valid object to fsck");
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
 		return 0;
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE)
-		return fsck_tree((struct tree *) obj, strict, error_func);
+		return fsck_tree((struct tree *) obj, options);
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		return fsck_commit((struct commit *) obj, error_func);
+		return fsck_commit((struct commit *) obj, (const char *) data,
+			size, options);
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
-		return fsck_tag((struct tag *) obj, error_func);
+		return fsck_tag((struct tag *) obj, (const char *) data,
+			size, options);
 
-	return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "unknown type '%d' (internal fsck error)",
+	return report(options, obj, FSCK_MSG_UNKNOWN_TYPE, "unknown type '%d' (internal fsck error)",
 			  obj->type);
 }
 
-int fsck_error_function(struct object *obj, int type, const char *fmt, ...)
+int fsck_error_function(struct object *obj, int msg_type, const char *message)
 {
-	va_list ap;
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	strbuf_addf(&sb, "object %s:", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, ap);
-	va_end(ap);
-
-	error("%s", sb.buf);
-	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	if (msg_type == FSCK_WARN) {
+		warning("object %s: %s", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid), message);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	error("object %s: %s", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid), message);
 	return 1;
 }
diff --git a/fsck.h b/fsck.h
index 1e4f527318..dded84b5f9 100644
--- a/fsck.h
+++ b/fsck.h
@@ -3,6 +3,14 @@
 
 #define FSCK_ERROR 1
 #define FSCK_WARN 2
+#define FSCK_IGNORE 3
+
+struct fsck_options;
+
+void fsck_set_msg_type(struct fsck_options *options,
+		const char *msg_id, const char *msg_type);
+void fsck_set_msg_types(struct fsck_options *options, const char *values);
+int is_valid_msg_type(const char *msg_id, const char *msg_type);
 
 /*
  * callback function for fsck_walk
@@ -12,13 +20,23 @@
  *     <0	error signaled and abort
  *     >0	error signaled and do not abort
  */
-typedef int (*fsck_walk_func)(struct object *obj, int type, void *data);
+typedef int (*fsck_walk_func)(struct object *obj, int type, void *data, struct fsck_options *options);
 
 /* callback for fsck_object, type is FSCK_ERROR or FSCK_WARN */
-typedef int (*fsck_error)(struct object *obj, int type, const char *err, ...);
+typedef int (*fsck_error)(struct object *obj, int type, const char *message);
+
+int fsck_error_function(struct object *obj, int type, const char *message);
+
+struct fsck_options {
+	fsck_walk_func walk;
+	fsck_error error_func;
+	unsigned strict:1;
+	int *msg_type;
+	struct sha1_array *skiplist;
+};
 
-__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
-int fsck_error_function(struct object *obj, int type, const char *fmt, ...);
+#define FSCK_OPTIONS_DEFAULT { NULL, fsck_error_function, 0, NULL }
+#define FSCK_OPTIONS_STRICT { NULL, fsck_error_function, 1, NULL }
 
 /* descend in all linked child objects
  * the return value is:
@@ -27,7 +45,9 @@ int fsck_error_function(struct object *obj, int type, const char *fmt, ...);
  *    >0	return value of the first signaled error >0 (in the case of no other errors)
  *    0		everything OK
  */
-int fsck_walk(struct object *obj, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data);
-int fsck_object(struct object *obj, int strict, fsck_error error_func);
+int fsck_walk(struct object *obj, void *data, struct fsck_options *options);
+/* If NULL is passed for data, we assume the object is local and read it. */
+int fsck_object(struct object *obj, void *data, unsigned long size,
+	struct fsck_options *options);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/generate-cmdlist.sh b/generate-cmdlist.sh
index 1093ef4ad6..ab0d1b0c06 100755
--- a/generate-cmdlist.sh
+++ b/generate-cmdlist.sh
@@ -2,22 +2,49 @@
 
 echo "/* Automatically generated by $0 */
 struct cmdname_help {
-    char name[16];
-    char help[80];
+	char name[16];
+	char help[80];
+	unsigned char group;
 };
 
-static struct cmdname_help common_cmds[] = {"
+static const char *common_cmd_groups[] = {"
 
-sed -n -e 's/^git-\([^ 	]*\)[ 	].* common.*/\1/p' command-list.txt |
+grps=grps$$.tmp
+match=match$$.tmp
+trap "rm -f '$grps' '$match'" 0 1 2 3 15
+
+sed -n '
+	1,/^### common groups/b
+	/^### command list/q
+	/^#/b
+	/^[ 	]*$/b
+	h;s/^[^ 	][^ 	]*[ 	][ 	]*\(.*\)/	N_("\1"),/p
+	g;s/^\([^ 	][^ 	]*\)[ 	].*/\1/w '$grps'
+	' "$1"
+printf '};\n\n'
+
+n=0
+substnum=
+while read grp
+do
+	echo "^git-..*[ 	]$grp"
+	substnum="$substnum${substnum:+;}s/[ 	]$grp/$n/"
+	n=$(($n+1))
+done <"$grps" >"$match"
+
+printf 'static struct cmdname_help common_cmds[] = {\n'
+grep -f "$match" "$1" |
+sed 's/^git-//' |
 sort |
-while read cmd
+while read cmd tags
 do
-     sed -n '
-     /^NAME/,/git-'"$cmd"'/H
-     ${
-	    x
-	    s/.*git-'"$cmd"' - \(.*\)/  {"'"$cmd"'", "\1"},/
-	    p
-     }' "Documentation/git-$cmd.txt"
+	tag=$(echo "$tags" | sed "$substnum; s/[^0-9]//g")
+	sed -n '
+		/^NAME/,/git-'"$cmd"'/H
+		${
+			x
+			s/.*git-'"$cmd"' - \(.*\)/	{"'"$cmd"'", N_("\1"), '$tag'},/
+			p
+		}' "Documentation/git-$cmd.txt"
 done
 echo "};"
diff --git a/gettext.c b/gettext.c
index f75bca7f56..a268a2c52c 100644
--- a/gettext.c
+++ b/gettext.c
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "gettext.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
 #	include <locale.h>
@@ -16,6 +18,31 @@
 #	endif
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * Guess the user's preferred languages from the value in LANGUAGE environment
+ * variable and LC_MESSAGES locale category if NO_GETTEXT is not defined.
+ *
+ * The result can be a colon-separated list like "ko:ja:en".
+ */
+const char *get_preferred_languages(void)
+{
+	const char *retval;
+
+	retval = getenv("LANGUAGE");
+	if (retval && *retval)
+		return retval;
+
+#ifndef NO_GETTEXT
+	retval = setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, NULL);
+	if (retval && *retval &&
+		strcmp(retval, "C") &&
+		strcmp(retval, "POSIX"))
+		return retval;
+#endif
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 #ifdef GETTEXT_POISON
 int use_gettext_poison(void)
 {
@@ -27,10 +54,20 @@ int use_gettext_poison(void)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
-static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
+static int test_vsnprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	const char *charset;
+	char buf[26];
+	int ret;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return ret;
+}
 
+static const char *charset;
+static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
+{
 	/*
 	   This trick arranges for messages to be emitted in the user's
 	   requested encoding, but avoids setting LC_CTYPE from the
@@ -98,9 +135,7 @@ static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
 	   $ LANGUAGE= LANG=de_DE.utf8 ./test
 	   test: Kein passendes Ger?t gefunden
 
-	   In the long term we should probably see about getting that
-	   vsnprintf bug in glibc fixed, and audit our code so it won't
-	   fall apart under a non-C locale.
+	   The vsnprintf bug has been fixed since glibc 2.17.
 
 	   Then we could simply set LC_CTYPE from the environment, which would
 	   make things like the external perror(3) messages work.
@@ -114,7 +149,9 @@ static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
 	charset = locale_charset();
 	bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, charset);
-	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C");
+	/* the string is taken from v0.99.6~1 */
+	if (test_vsnprintf("%.*s", 13, "David_K\345gedal") < 0)
+		setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C");
 }
 
 void git_setup_gettext(void)
@@ -125,7 +162,18 @@ void git_setup_gettext(void)
 		podir = GIT_LOCALE_PATH;
 	bindtextdomain("git", podir);
 	setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
+	setlocale(LC_TIME, "");
 	init_gettext_charset("git");
 	textdomain("git");
 }
+
+/* return the number of columns of string 's' in current locale */
+int gettext_width(const char *s)
+{
+	static int is_utf8 = -1;
+	if (is_utf8 == -1)
+		is_utf8 = !strcmp(charset, "UTF-8");
+
+	return is_utf8 ? utf8_strwidth(s) : strlen(s);
+}
 #endif
diff --git a/gettext.h b/gettext.h
index 57ba8bb02e..33696a40b8 100644
--- a/gettext.h
+++ b/gettext.h
@@ -30,10 +30,15 @@
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
 extern void git_setup_gettext(void);
+extern int gettext_width(const char *s);
 #else
 static inline void git_setup_gettext(void)
 {
 }
+static inline int gettext_width(const char *s)
+{
+	return strlen(s);
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef GETTEXT_POISON
@@ -44,6 +49,8 @@ extern int use_gettext_poison(void);
 
 static inline FORMAT_PRESERVING(1) const char *_(const char *msgid)
 {
+	if (!*msgid)
+		return "";
 	return use_gettext_poison() ? "# GETTEXT POISON #" : gettext(msgid);
 }
 
@@ -56,6 +63,32 @@ const char *Q_(const char *msgid, const char *plu, unsigned long n)
 }
 
 /* Mark msgid for translation but do not translate it. */
+#if !USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N
 #define N_(msgid) msgid
+#else
+/*
+ * Strictly speaking, this will lead to invalid C when
+ * used this way:
+ *	static const char s[] = N_("FOO");
+ * which will expand to
+ *	static const char s[] = ("FOO");
+ * and in valid C, the initializer on the right hand side must
+ * be without the parentheses.  But many compilers do accept it
+ * as a language extension and it will allow us to catch mistakes
+ * like:
+ *	static const char *msgs[] = {
+ *		N_("one")
+ *		N_("two"),
+ *		N_("three"),
+ *		NULL
+ *	};
+ * (notice the missing comma on one of the lines) by forcing
+ * a compilation error, because parenthesised ("one") ("two")
+ * will not get silently turned into ("onetwo").
+ */
+#define N_(msgid) (msgid)
+#endif
+
+const char *get_preferred_languages(void);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/git-add--interactive.perl b/git-add--interactive.perl
index 8f0839d205..642cce1ac6 100755
--- a/git-add--interactive.perl
+++ b/git-add--interactive.perl
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ my ($diff_new_color) =
 
 my $normal_color = $repo->get_color("", "reset");
 
+my $diff_algorithm = $repo->config('diff.algorithm');
+my $diff_compaction_heuristic = $repo->config_bool('diff.compactionheuristic');
+my $diff_filter = $repo->config('interactive.difffilter');
+
 my $use_readkey = 0;
 my $use_termcap = 0;
 my %term_escapes;
@@ -56,6 +60,9 @@ if ($repo->config_bool("interactive.singlekey")) {
 		Term::ReadKey->import;
 		$use_readkey = 1;
 	};
+	if (!$use_readkey) {
+		print STDERR "missing Term::ReadKey, disabling interactive.singlekey\n";
+	}
 	eval {
 		require Term::Cap;
 		my $termcap = Term::Cap->Tgetent;
@@ -167,7 +174,7 @@ my %patch_modes = (
 my %patch_mode_flavour = %{$patch_modes{stage}};
 
 sub run_cmd_pipe {
-	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'msys') {
+	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
 		my @invalid = grep {m/[":*]/} @_;
 		die "$^O does not support: @invalid\n" if @invalid;
 		my @args = map { m/ /o ? "\"$_\"": $_ } @_;
@@ -261,6 +268,17 @@ sub get_empty_tree {
 	return '4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904';
 }
 
+sub get_diff_reference {
+	my $ref = shift;
+	if (defined $ref and $ref ne 'HEAD') {
+		return $ref;
+	} elsif (is_initial_commit()) {
+		return get_empty_tree();
+	} else {
+		return 'HEAD';
+	}
+}
+
 # Returns list of hashes, contents of each of which are:
 # VALUE:	pathname
 # BINARY:	is a binary path
@@ -268,6 +286,7 @@ sub get_empty_tree {
 # FILE:		is file different from index?
 # INDEX_ADDDEL:	is it add/delete between HEAD and index?
 # FILE_ADDDEL:	is it add/delete between index and file?
+# UNMERGED:	is the path unmerged
 
 sub list_modified {
 	my ($only) = @_;
@@ -283,14 +302,7 @@ sub list_modified {
 		return if (!@tracked);
 	}
 
-	my $reference;
-	if (defined $patch_mode_revision and $patch_mode_revision ne 'HEAD') {
-		$reference = $patch_mode_revision;
-	} elsif (is_initial_commit()) {
-		$reference = get_empty_tree();
-	} else {
-		$reference = 'HEAD';
-	}
+	my $reference = get_diff_reference($patch_mode_revision);
 	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-index --cached
 			     --numstat --summary), $reference,
 			     '--', @tracked)) {
@@ -318,16 +330,10 @@ sub list_modified {
 		}
 	}
 
-	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-files --numstat --summary --), @tracked)) {
+	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-files --numstat --summary --raw --), @tracked)) {
 		if (($add, $del, $file) =
 		    /^([-\d]+)	([-\d]+)	(.*)/) {
 			$file = unquote_path($file);
-			if (!exists $data{$file}) {
-				$data{$file} = +{
-					INDEX => 'unchanged',
-					BINARY => 0,
-				};
-			}
 			my ($change, $bin);
 			if ($add eq '-' && $del eq '-') {
 				$change = 'binary';
@@ -346,6 +352,18 @@ sub list_modified {
 			$file = unquote_path($file);
 			$data{$file}{FILE_ADDDEL} = $adddel;
 		}
+		elsif (/^:[0-7]+ [0-7]+ [0-9a-f]+ [0-9a-f]+ (.)	(.*)$/) {
+			$file = unquote_path($2);
+			if (!exists $data{$file}) {
+				$data{$file} = +{
+					INDEX => 'unchanged',
+					BINARY => 0,
+				};
+			}
+			if ($1 eq 'U') {
+				$data{$file}{UNMERGED} = 1;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	for (sort keys %data) {
@@ -499,6 +517,9 @@ sub error_msg {
 sub list_and_choose {
 	my ($opts, @stuff) = @_;
 	my (@chosen, @return);
+	if (!@stuff) {
+	    return @return;
+	}
 	my $i;
 	my @prefixes = find_unique_prefixes(@stuff) unless $opts->{LIST_ONLY};
 
@@ -709,6 +730,8 @@ sub add_untracked_cmd {
 	if (@add) {
 		system(qw(git update-index --add --), @add);
 		say_n_paths('added', @add);
+	} else {
+		print "No untracked files.\n";
 	}
 	print "\n";
 }
@@ -724,13 +747,26 @@ sub run_git_apply {
 sub parse_diff {
 	my ($path) = @_;
 	my @diff_cmd = split(" ", $patch_mode_flavour{DIFF});
+	if (defined $diff_algorithm) {
+		splice @diff_cmd, 1, 0, "--diff-algorithm=${diff_algorithm}";
+	}
+	if ($diff_compaction_heuristic) {
+		splice @diff_cmd, 1, 0, "--compaction-heuristic";
+	}
 	if (defined $patch_mode_revision) {
-		push @diff_cmd, $patch_mode_revision;
+		push @diff_cmd, get_diff_reference($patch_mode_revision);
 	}
 	my @diff = run_cmd_pipe("git", @diff_cmd, "--", $path);
 	my @colored = ();
 	if ($diff_use_color) {
-		@colored = run_cmd_pipe("git", @diff_cmd, qw(--color --), $path);
+		my @display_cmd = ("git", @diff_cmd, qw(--color --), $path);
+		if (defined $diff_filter) {
+			# quotemeta is overkill, but sufficient for shell-quoting
+			my $diff = join(' ', map { quotemeta } @display_cmd);
+			@display_cmd = ("$diff | $diff_filter");
+		}
+
+		@colored = run_cmd_pipe(@display_cmd);
 	}
 	my (@hunk) = { TEXT => [], DISPLAY => [], TYPE => 'header' };
 
@@ -741,7 +777,7 @@ sub parse_diff {
 		}
 		push @{$hunk[-1]{TEXT}}, $diff[$i];
 		push @{$hunk[-1]{DISPLAY}},
-			($diff_use_color ? $colored[$i] : $diff[$i]);
+			(@colored ? $colored[$i] : $diff[$i]);
 	}
 	return @hunk;
 }
@@ -1060,7 +1096,6 @@ EOF
 }
 
 sub diff_applies {
-	my $fh;
 	return run_git_apply($patch_mode_flavour{APPLY_CHECK} . ' --check',
 			     map { @{$_->{TEXT}} } @_);
 }
@@ -1141,9 +1176,9 @@ sub help_patch_cmd {
 	print colored $help_color, <<EOF ;
 y - $verb this hunk$target
 n - do not $verb this hunk$target
-q - quit; do not $verb this hunk nor any of the remaining ones
+q - quit; do not $verb this hunk or any of the remaining ones
 a - $verb this hunk and all later hunks in the file
-d - do not $verb this hunk nor any of the later hunks in the file
+d - do not $verb this hunk or any of the later hunks in the file
 g - select a hunk to go to
 / - search for a hunk matching the given regex
 j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
@@ -1190,6 +1225,10 @@ sub apply_patch_for_checkout_commit {
 
 sub patch_update_cmd {
 	my @all_mods = list_modified($patch_mode_flavour{FILTER});
+	error_msg "ignoring unmerged: $_->{VALUE}\n"
+		for grep { $_->{UNMERGED} } @all_mods;
+	@all_mods = grep { !$_->{UNMERGED} } @all_mods;
+
 	my @mods = grep { !($_->{BINARY}) } @all_mods;
 	my @them;
 
@@ -1237,7 +1276,7 @@ sub summarize_hunk {
 
 
 # Print a one-line summary of each hunk in the array ref in
-# the first argument, starting wih the index in the 2nd.
+# the first argument, starting with the index in the 2nd.
 sub display_hunks {
 	my ($hunks, $i) = @_;
 	my $ctr = 0;
@@ -1334,6 +1373,7 @@ sub patch_update_file {
 		  $patch_mode_flavour{TARGET},
 		  " [y,n,q,a,d,/$other,?]? ";
 		my $line = prompt_single_character;
+		last unless defined $line;
 		if ($line) {
 			if ($line =~ /^y/i) {
 				$hunk[$ix]{USE} = 1;
@@ -1503,7 +1543,6 @@ sub patch_update_file {
 	}
 
 	if (@result) {
-		my $fh;
 		my @patch = reassemble_patch($head->{TEXT}, @result);
 		my $apply_routine = $patch_mode_flavour{APPLY};
 		&$apply_routine(@patch);
diff --git a/git-archimport.perl b/git-archimport.perl
index bc32f18d6d..9cb123a07d 100755
--- a/git-archimport.perl
+++ b/git-archimport.perl
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ our($opt_h,$opt_f,$opt_v,$opt_T,$opt_t,$opt_D,$opt_a,$opt_o);
 
 sub usage() {
     print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
+usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
        [ -h ] [ -v ] [ -o ] [ -a ] [ -f ] [ -T ] [ -D depth ] [ -t tempdir ]
        repository/arch-branch [ repository/arch-branch] ...
 END
diff --git a/git-bisect.sh b/git-bisect.sh
index 99efbe8845..5d1cb00d86 100755
--- a/git-bisect.sh
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-USAGE='[help|start|bad|good|skip|next|reset|visualize|replay|log|run]'
+USAGE='[help|start|bad|good|new|old|terms|skip|next|reset|visualize|replay|log|run]'
 LONG_USAGE='git bisect help
 	print this long help message.
-git bisect start [--no-checkout] [<bad> [<good>...]] [--] [<pathspec>...]
+git bisect start [--term-{old,good}=<term> --term-{new,bad}=<term>]
+		 [--no-checkout] [<bad> [<good>...]] [--] [<pathspec>...]
 	reset bisect state and start bisection.
-git bisect bad [<rev>]
-	mark <rev> a known-bad revision.
-git bisect good [<rev>...]
-	mark <rev>... known-good revisions.
+git bisect (bad|new) [<rev>]
+	mark <rev> a known-bad revision/
+		a revision after change in a given property.
+git bisect (good|old) [<rev>...]
+	mark <rev>... known-good revisions/
+		revisions before change in a given property.
+git bisect terms [--term-good | --term-bad]
+	show the terms used for old and new commits (default: bad, good)
 git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...]
 	mark <rev>... untestable revisions.
 git bisect next
@@ -32,6 +37,8 @@ OPTIONS_SPEC=
 
 _x40='[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]'
 _x40="$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40"
+TERM_BAD=bad
+TERM_GOOD=good
 
 bisect_head()
 {
@@ -75,6 +82,8 @@ bisect_start() {
 	orig_args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@")
 	bad_seen=0
 	eval=''
+	must_write_terms=0
+	revs=''
 	if test "z$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository)" != zfalse
 	then
 		mode=--no-checkout
@@ -91,6 +100,24 @@ bisect_start() {
 		--no-checkout)
 			mode=--no-checkout
 			shift ;;
+		--term-good|--term-old)
+			shift
+			must_write_terms=1
+			TERM_GOOD=$1
+			shift ;;
+		--term-good=*|--term-old=*)
+			must_write_terms=1
+			TERM_GOOD=${1#*=}
+			shift ;;
+		--term-bad|--term-new)
+			shift
+			must_write_terms=1
+			TERM_BAD=$1
+			shift ;;
+		--term-bad=*|--term-new=*)
+			must_write_terms=1
+			TERM_BAD=${1#*=}
+			shift ;;
 		--*)
 			die "$(eval_gettext "unrecognised option: '\$arg'")" ;;
 		*)
@@ -99,16 +126,27 @@ bisect_start() {
 				die "$(eval_gettext "'\$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision")"
 				break
 			}
-			case $bad_seen in
-			0) state='bad' ; bad_seen=1 ;;
-			*) state='good' ;;
-			esac
-			eval="$eval bisect_write '$state' '$rev' 'nolog' &&"
+			revs="$revs $rev"
 			shift
 			;;
 		esac
 	done
 
+	for rev in $revs
+	do
+		# The user ran "git bisect start <sha1>
+		# <sha1>", hence did not explicitly specify
+		# the terms, but we are already starting to
+		# set references named with the default terms,
+		# and won't be able to change afterwards.
+		must_write_terms=1
+
+		case $bad_seen in
+		0) state=$TERM_BAD ; bad_seen=1 ;;
+		*) state=$TERM_GOOD ;;
+		esac
+		eval="$eval bisect_write '$state' '$rev' 'nolog' &&"
+	done
 	#
 	# Verify HEAD.
 	#
@@ -127,7 +165,7 @@ bisect_start() {
 		if test "z$mode" != "z--no-checkout"
 		then
 			git checkout "$start_head" -- ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Checking out '\$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'.")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Checking out '\$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'.")"
 		fi
 	else
 		# Get rev from where we start.
@@ -137,7 +175,7 @@ bisect_start() {
 			# cogito usage, and cogito users should understand
 			# it relates to cg-seek.
 			[ -s "$GIT_DIR/head-name" ] &&
-				die "$(gettext "won't bisect on seeked tree")"
+				die "$(gettext "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree")"
 			start_head="${head#refs/heads/}"
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -170,6 +208,10 @@ bisect_start() {
 	} &&
 	git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@" >"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_NAMES" &&
 	eval "$eval true" &&
+	if test $must_write_terms -eq 1
+	then
+		write_terms "$TERM_BAD" "$TERM_GOOD"
+	fi &&
 	echo "git bisect start$orig_args" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG" || exit
 	#
 	# Check if we can proceed to the next bisect state.
@@ -184,9 +226,12 @@ bisect_write() {
 	rev="$2"
 	nolog="$3"
 	case "$state" in
-		bad)		tag="$state" ;;
-		good|skip)	tag="$state"-"$rev" ;;
-		*)		die "$(eval_gettext "Bad bisect_write argument: \$state")" ;;
+		"$TERM_BAD")
+			tag="$state" ;;
+		"$TERM_GOOD"|skip)
+			tag="$state"-"$rev" ;;
+		*)
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Bad bisect_write argument: \$state")" ;;
 	esac
 	git update-ref "refs/bisect/$tag" "$rev" || exit
 	echo "# $state: $(git show-branch $rev)" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
@@ -227,27 +272,31 @@ bisect_skip() {
 bisect_state() {
 	bisect_autostart
 	state=$1
+	check_and_set_terms $state
 	case "$#,$state" in
 	0,*)
 		die "$(gettext "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument.")" ;;
-	1,bad|1,good|1,skip)
+	1,"$TERM_BAD"|1,"$TERM_GOOD"|1,skip)
 		rev=$(git rev-parse --verify $(bisect_head)) ||
 			die "$(gettext "Bad rev input: $(bisect_head)")"
 		bisect_write "$state" "$rev"
 		check_expected_revs "$rev" ;;
-	2,bad|*,good|*,skip)
+	2,"$TERM_BAD"|*,"$TERM_GOOD"|*,skip)
 		shift
-		eval=''
+		hash_list=''
 		for rev in "$@"
 		do
 			sha=$(git rev-parse --verify "$rev^{commit}") ||
 				die "$(eval_gettext "Bad rev input: \$rev")"
-			eval="$eval bisect_write '$state' '$sha'; "
+			hash_list="$hash_list $sha"
 		done
-		eval "$eval"
-		check_expected_revs "$@" ;;
-	*,bad)
-		die "$(gettext "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument.")" ;;
+		for rev in $hash_list
+		do
+			bisect_write "$state" "$rev"
+		done
+		check_expected_revs $hash_list ;;
+	*,"$TERM_BAD")
+		die "$(eval_gettext "'git bisect \$TERM_BAD' can take only one argument.")" ;;
 	*)
 		usage ;;
 	esac
@@ -256,21 +305,21 @@ bisect_state() {
 
 bisect_next_check() {
 	missing_good= missing_bad=
-	git show-ref -q --verify refs/bisect/bad || missing_bad=t
-	test -n "$(git for-each-ref "refs/bisect/good-*")" || missing_good=t
+	git show-ref -q --verify refs/bisect/$TERM_BAD || missing_bad=t
+	test -n "$(git for-each-ref "refs/bisect/$TERM_GOOD-*")" || missing_good=t
 
 	case "$missing_good,$missing_bad,$1" in
 	,,*)
-		: have both good and bad - ok
+		: have both $TERM_GOOD and $TERM_BAD - ok
 		;;
 	*,)
 		# do not have both but not asked to fail - just report.
 		false
 		;;
-	t,,good)
-		# have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
+	t,,"$TERM_GOOD")
+		# have bad (or new) but not good (or old).  we could bisect although
 		# this is less optimum.
-		gettextln "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit." >&2
+		eval_gettextln "Warning: bisecting only with a \$TERM_BAD commit." >&2
 		if test -t 0
 		then
 			# TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
@@ -280,18 +329,20 @@ bisect_next_check() {
 			read yesno
 			case "$yesno" in [Nn]*) exit 1 ;; esac
 		fi
-		: bisect without good...
+		: bisect without $TERM_GOOD...
 		;;
 	*)
-
+		bad_syn=$(bisect_voc bad)
+		good_syn=$(bisect_voc good)
 		if test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START"
 		then
-			gettextln "You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.
-(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)" >&2
+
+			eval_gettextln "You need to give me at least one \$bad_syn and one \$good_syn revision.
+(You can use \"git bisect \$bad_syn\" and \"git bisect \$good_syn\" for that.)" >&2
 		else
-			gettextln "You need to start by \"git bisect start\".
-You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.
-(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)" >&2
+			eval_gettextln "You need to start by \"git bisect start\".
+You then need to give me at least one \$good_syn and one \$bad_syn revision.
+(You can use \"git bisect \$bad_syn\" and \"git bisect \$good_syn\" for that.)" >&2
 		fi
 		exit 1 ;;
 	esac
@@ -304,14 +355,30 @@ bisect_auto_next() {
 bisect_next() {
 	case "$#" in 0) ;; *) usage ;; esac
 	bisect_autostart
-	bisect_next_check good
+	bisect_next_check $TERM_GOOD
 
 	# Perform all bisection computation, display and checkout
 	git bisect--helper --next-all $(test -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_HEAD" && echo --no-checkout)
 	res=$?
 
 	# Check if we should exit because bisection is finished
-	test $res -eq 10 && exit 0
+	if test $res -eq 10
+	then
+		bad_rev=$(git show-ref --hash --verify refs/bisect/$TERM_BAD)
+		bad_commit=$(git show-branch $bad_rev)
+		echo "# first $TERM_BAD commit: $bad_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		exit 0
+	elif test $res -eq 2
+	then
+		echo "# only skipped commits left to test" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		good_revs=$(git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" "refs/bisect/$TERM_GOOD-*")
+		for skipped in $(git rev-list refs/bisect/$TERM_BAD --not $good_revs)
+		do
+			skipped_commit=$(git show-branch $skipped)
+			echo "# possible first $TERM_BAD commit: $skipped_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		done
+		exit $res
+	fi
 
 	# Check for an error in the bisection process
 	test $res -ne 0 && exit $res
@@ -349,7 +416,7 @@ bisect_reset() {
 	}
 	case "$#" in
 	0) branch=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START") ;;
-	1) git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$1^{commit}" > /dev/null || {
+	1) git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$1^{commit}" >/dev/null || {
 			invalid="$1"
 			die "$(eval_gettext "'\$invalid' is not a valid commit")"
 		}
@@ -378,6 +445,7 @@ bisect_clean_state() {
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG" &&
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_NAMES" &&
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" &&
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_TERMS" &&
 	# Cleanup head-name if it got left by an old version of git-bisect
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/head-name" &&
 	git update-ref -d --no-deref BISECT_HEAD &&
@@ -392,18 +460,22 @@ bisect_replay () {
 	bisect_reset
 	while read git bisect command rev
 	do
-		test "$git $bisect" = "git bisect" -o "$git" = "git-bisect" || continue
+		test "$git $bisect" = "git bisect" || test "$git" = "git-bisect" || continue
 		if test "$git" = "git-bisect"
 		then
 			rev="$command"
 			command="$bisect"
 		fi
+		get_terms
+		check_and_set_terms "$command"
 		case "$command" in
 		start)
 			cmd="bisect_start $rev"
 			eval "$cmd" ;;
-		good|bad|skip)
+		"$TERM_GOOD"|"$TERM_BAD"|skip)
 			bisect_write "$command" "$rev" ;;
+		terms)
+			bisect_terms $rev ;;
 		*)
 			die "$(gettext "?? what are you talking about?")" ;;
 		esac
@@ -436,19 +508,19 @@ exit code \$res from '\$command' is < 0 or >= 128" >&2
 			state='skip'
 		elif [ $res -gt 0 ]
 		then
-			state='bad'
+			state="$TERM_BAD"
 		else
-			state='good'
+			state="$TERM_GOOD"
 		fi
 
 		# We have to use a subshell because "bisect_state" can exit.
-		( bisect_state $state > "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" )
+		( bisect_state $state >"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" )
 		res=$?
 
 		cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN"
 
-		if sane_grep "first bad commit could be any of" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" \
-			> /dev/null
+		if sane_grep "first $TERM_BAD commit could be any of" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" \
+			>/dev/null
 		then
 			gettextln "bisect run cannot continue any more" >&2
 			exit $res
@@ -461,7 +533,7 @@ exit code \$res from '\$command' is < 0 or >= 128" >&2
 			exit $res
 		fi
 
-		if sane_grep "is the first bad commit" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" > /dev/null
+		if sane_grep "is the first $TERM_BAD commit" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" >/dev/null
 		then
 			gettextln "bisect run success"
 			exit 0;
@@ -475,18 +547,132 @@ bisect_log () {
 	cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
 }
 
+get_terms () {
+	if test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_TERMS"
+	then
+		{
+		read TERM_BAD
+		read TERM_GOOD
+		} <"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_TERMS"
+	fi
+}
+
+write_terms () {
+	TERM_BAD=$1
+	TERM_GOOD=$2
+	if test "$TERM_BAD" = "$TERM_GOOD"
+	then
+		die "$(gettext "please use two different terms")"
+	fi
+	check_term_format "$TERM_BAD" bad
+	check_term_format "$TERM_GOOD" good
+	printf '%s\n%s\n' "$TERM_BAD" "$TERM_GOOD" >"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_TERMS"
+}
+
+check_term_format () {
+	term=$1
+	git check-ref-format refs/bisect/"$term" ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "'\$term' is not a valid term")"
+	case "$term" in
+	help|start|terms|skip|next|reset|visualize|replay|log|run)
+		die "$(eval_gettext "can't use the builtin command '\$term' as a term")"
+		;;
+	bad|new)
+		if test "$2" != bad
+		then
+			# In theory, nothing prevents swapping
+			# completely good and bad, but this situation
+			# could be confusing and hasn't been tested
+			# enough. Forbid it for now.
+			die "$(eval_gettext "can't change the meaning of term '\$term'")"
+		fi
+		;;
+	good|old)
+		if test "$2" != good
+		then
+			die "$(eval_gettext "can't change the meaning of term '\$term'")"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+check_and_set_terms () {
+	cmd="$1"
+	case "$cmd" in
+	skip|start|terms) ;;
+	*)
+		if test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_TERMS" && test "$cmd" != "$TERM_BAD" && test "$cmd" != "$TERM_GOOD"
+		then
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Invalid command: you're currently in a \$TERM_BAD/\$TERM_GOOD bisect.")"
+		fi
+		case "$cmd" in
+		bad|good)
+			if ! test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_TERMS"
+			then
+				write_terms bad good
+			fi
+			;;
+		new|old)
+			if ! test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_TERMS"
+			then
+				write_terms new old
+			fi
+			;;
+		esac ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+bisect_voc () {
+	case "$1" in
+	bad) echo "bad|new" ;;
+	good) echo "good|old" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+bisect_terms () {
+	get_terms
+	if ! test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_TERMS"
+	then
+		die "$(gettext "no terms defined")"
+	fi
+	case "$#" in
+	0)
+		gettextln "Your current terms are $TERM_GOOD for the old state
+and $TERM_BAD for the new state."
+		;;
+	1)
+		arg=$1
+		case "$arg" in
+			--term-good|--term-old)
+				printf '%s\n' "$TERM_GOOD"
+				;;
+			--term-bad|--term-new)
+				printf '%s\n' "$TERM_BAD"
+				;;
+			*)
+				die "$(eval_gettext "invalid argument \$arg for 'git bisect terms'.
+Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new.")"
+				;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	*)
+		usage ;;
+	esac
+}
+
 case "$#" in
 0)
 	usage ;;
 *)
 	cmd="$1"
+	get_terms
 	shift
 	case "$cmd" in
 	help)
 		git bisect -h ;;
 	start)
 		bisect_start "$@" ;;
-	bad|good)
+	bad|good|new|old|"$TERM_BAD"|"$TERM_GOOD")
 		bisect_state "$cmd" "$@" ;;
 	skip)
 		bisect_skip "$@" ;;
@@ -503,6 +689,8 @@ case "$#" in
 		bisect_log ;;
 	run)
 		bisect_run "$@" ;;
+	terms)
+		bisect_terms "$@" ;;
 	*)
 		usage ;;
 	esac
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 8f3972cd32..49d4029b8d 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -3,6 +3,23 @@
 
 #define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
 
+
+/* Derived from Linux "Features Test Macro" header
+ * Convenience macros to test the versions of gcc (or
+ * a compatible compiler).
+ * Use them like this:
+ *  #if GIT_GNUC_PREREQ (2,8)
+ *   ... code requiring gcc 2.8 or later ...
+ *  #endif
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__)
+# define GIT_GNUC_PREREQ(maj, min) \
+	((__GNUC__ << 16) + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= ((maj) << 16) + (min))
+#else
+ #define GIT_GNUC_PREREQ(maj, min) 0
+#endif
+
+
 #ifndef FLEX_ARRAY
 /*
  * See if our compiler is known to support flexible array members.
@@ -25,7 +42,40 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+
+/*
+ * BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO - assert a build-time dependency, as an expression.
+ * @cond: the compile-time condition which must be true.
+ *
+ * Your compile will fail if the condition isn't true, or can't be evaluated
+ * by the compiler.  This can be used in an expression: its value is "0".
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	#define foo_to_char(foo)					\
+ *		 ((char *)(foo)						\
+ *		  + BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO(offsetof(struct foo, string) == 0))
+ */
+#define BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO(cond) \
+	(sizeof(char [1 - 2*!(cond)]) - 1)
+
+#if GIT_GNUC_PREREQ(3, 1)
+ /* &arr[0] degrades to a pointer: a different type from an array */
+# define BARF_UNLESS_AN_ARRAY(arr)						\
+	BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO(!__builtin_types_compatible_p(__typeof__(arr), \
+							   __typeof__(&(arr)[0])))
+#else
+# define BARF_UNLESS_AN_ARRAY(arr) 0
+#endif
+/*
+ * ARRAY_SIZE - get the number of elements in a visible array
+ *  <at> x: the array whose size you want.
+ *
+ * This does not work on pointers, or arrays declared as [], or
+ * function parameters.  With correct compiler support, such usage
+ * will cause a build error (see the build_assert_or_zero macro).
+ */
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]) + BARF_UNLESS_AN_ARRAY(x))
+
 #define bitsizeof(x)  (CHAR_BIT * sizeof(x))
 
 #define maximum_signed_value_of_type(a) \
@@ -46,6 +96,14 @@
 #define unsigned_add_overflows(a, b) \
     ((b) > maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(a) - (a))
 
+/*
+ * Returns true if the multiplication of "a" and "b" will
+ * overflow. The types of "a" and "b" must match and must be unsigned.
+ * Note that this macro evaluates "a" twice!
+ */
+#define unsigned_mult_overflows(a, b) \
+    ((a) && (b) > maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(a) / (a))
+
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 #define TYPEOF(x) (__typeof__(x))
 #else
@@ -74,20 +132,27 @@
 # define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
 # endif
 #elif !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__USLC__) && \
-      !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(__sgi) && !defined(__DragonFly__)
+      !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(__sgi) && !defined(__DragonFly__) && \
+      !defined(__TANDEM) && !defined(__QNX__) && !defined(__MirBSD__) && \
+      !defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* glibc2 and AIX 5.3L need 500, OpenBSD needs 600 for S_ISLNK() */
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1 /* AIX 5.3L needs this */
 #endif
 #define _ALL_SOURCE 1
 #define _GNU_SOURCE 1
 #define _BSD_SOURCE 1
+#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE 1
 #define _NETBSD_SOURCE 1
 #define _SGI_SOURCE 1
 
-#ifdef WIN32 /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+# if defined (_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
+#  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
+# endif
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  /* stops windows.h including winsock.h */
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#define GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 #endif
 
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -98,15 +163,19 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
+#include <strings.h> /* for strcasecmp() */
+#endif
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
 #include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <signal.h>
-#include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <regex.h>
 #include <utime.h>
@@ -116,12 +185,17 @@
 #else
 #include <poll.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__MINGW32__)
 /* pull in Windows compatibility stuff */
 #include "compat/mingw.h"
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
 #include "compat/msvc.h"
 #else
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
@@ -141,16 +215,45 @@
 #else
 #include <stdint.h>
 #endif
-#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
-#undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#include <grp.h>
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
-#include "compat/cygwin.h"
-#else
+#ifdef NO_INTPTR_T
+/*
+ * On I16LP32, ILP32 and LP64 "long" is the save bet, however
+ * on LLP86, IL33LLP64 and P64 it needs to be "long long",
+ * while on IP16 and IP16L32 it is "int" (resp. "short")
+ * Size needs to match (or exceed) 'sizeof(void *)'.
+ * We can't take "long long" here as not everybody has it.
+ */
+typedef long intptr_t;
+typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
+#endif
 #undef _ALL_SOURCE /* AIX 5.3L defines a struct list with _ALL_SOURCE. */
 #include <grp.h>
 #define _ALL_SOURCE 1
 #endif
+
+/* used on Mac OS X */
+#ifdef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
+#include "compat/precompose_utf8.h"
+#else
+#define precompose_str(in,i_nfd2nfc)
+#define precompose_argv(c,v)
+#define probe_utf8_pathname_composition()
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+#define mkdir(a,b) compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash((a),(b))
+extern int compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash(const char*, mode_t);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+struct itimerval {
+	struct timeval it_interval;
+	struct timeval it_value;
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_SETITIMER
+#define setitimer(which,value,ovalue)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_LIBGEN_H
@@ -158,6 +261,8 @@
 #else
 #define basename gitbasename
 extern char *gitbasename(char *);
+#define dirname gitdirname
+extern char *gitdirname(char *);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_ICONV
@@ -165,10 +270,28 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#define __AVAILABILITY_MACROS_USES_AVAILABILITY 0
+#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+#undef DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE
+#define DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef __AVAILABILITY_MACROS_USES_AVAILABILITY
+#endif
 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
 #include <openssl/err.h>
 #endif
 
+/* On most systems <netdb.h> would have given us this, but
+ * not on some systems (e.g. z/OS).
+ */
+#ifndef NI_MAXHOST
+#define NI_MAXHOST 1025
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
+#define NI_MAXSERV 32
+#endif
+
 /* On most systems <limits.h> would have given us this, but
  * not on some systems (e.g. GNU/Hurd).
  */
@@ -180,6 +303,10 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #define PRIuMAX "llu"
 #endif
 
+#ifndef SCNuMAX
+#define SCNuMAX PRIuMAX
+#endif
+
 #ifndef PRIu32
 #define PRIu32 "u"
 #endif
@@ -203,20 +330,44 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #define _PATH_DEFPATH "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
 #endif
 
-#ifndef STRIP_EXTENSION
-#define STRIP_EXTENSION ""
+#ifndef has_dos_drive_prefix
+static inline int git_has_dos_drive_prefix(const char *path)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#define has_dos_drive_prefix git_has_dos_drive_prefix
 #endif
 
-#ifndef has_dos_drive_prefix
-#define has_dos_drive_prefix(path) 0
+#ifndef skip_dos_drive_prefix
+static inline int git_skip_dos_drive_prefix(char **path)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#define skip_dos_drive_prefix git_skip_dos_drive_prefix
 #endif
 
 #ifndef is_dir_sep
-#define is_dir_sep(c) ((c) == '/')
+static inline int git_is_dir_sep(int c)
+{
+	return c == '/';
+}
+#define is_dir_sep git_is_dir_sep
+#endif
+
+#ifndef offset_1st_component
+static inline int git_offset_1st_component(const char *path)
+{
+	return is_dir_sep(path[0]);
+}
+#define offset_1st_component git_offset_1st_component
 #endif
 
 #ifndef find_last_dir_sep
-#define find_last_dir_sep(path) strrchr(path, '/')
+static inline char *git_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
+{
+	return strrchr(path, '/');
+}
+#define find_last_dir_sep git_find_last_dir_sep
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__HP_cc) && (__HP_cc >= 61000)
@@ -231,33 +382,128 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #else
 #define NORETURN
 #define NORETURN_PTR
+#ifndef __GNUC__
 #ifndef __attribute__
 #define __attribute__(x)
 #endif
 #endif
+#endif
+
+/* The sentinel attribute is valid from gcc version 4.0 */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 4)
+#define LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL __attribute__((sentinel))
+#else
+#define LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+#endif
 
 #include "compat/bswap.h"
 
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+struct strbuf;
+
 /* General helper functions */
 extern void vreportf(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
-extern void vwritef(int fd, const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
 extern NORETURN void usage(const char *err);
 extern NORETURN void usagef(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern NORETURN void die(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern NORETURN void die_errno(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern int error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern int error_errno(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern void warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern void warning_errno(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+#ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+#include "compat/apple-common-crypto.h"
+#else
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+#include <openssl/hmac.h>
+#endif /* APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO */
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#endif /* NO_OPENSSL */
+
+/*
+ * Let callers be aware of the constant return value; this can help
+ * gcc with -Wuninitialized analysis. We restrict this trick to gcc, though,
+ * because some compilers may not support variadic macros. Since we're only
+ * trying to help gcc, anyway, it's OK; other compilers will fall back to
+ * using the function as usual.
+ */
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+static inline int const_error(void)
+{
+	return -1;
+}
+#define error(...) (error(__VA_ARGS__), const_error())
+#endif
 
 extern void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
 extern void set_error_routine(void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
+extern void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void));
+extern void set_error_handle(FILE *);
 
-extern int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix);
-extern int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix);
+extern int starts_with(const char *str, const char *prefix);
 
-static inline const char *skip_prefix(const char *str, const char *prefix)
+/*
+ * If the string "str" begins with the string found in "prefix", return 1.
+ * The "out" parameter is set to "str + strlen(prefix)" (i.e., to the point in
+ * the string right after the prefix).
+ *
+ * Otherwise, return 0 and leave "out" untouched.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *   [extract branch name, fail if not a branch]
+ *   if (!skip_prefix(ref, "refs/heads/", &branch)
+ *	return -1;
+ *
+ *   [skip prefix if present, otherwise use whole string]
+ *   skip_prefix(name, "refs/heads/", &name);
+ */
+static inline int skip_prefix(const char *str, const char *prefix,
+			      const char **out)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(prefix);
-	return strncmp(str, prefix, len) ? NULL : str + len;
+	do {
+		if (!*prefix) {
+			*out = str;
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} while (*str++ == *prefix++);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If buf ends with suffix, return 1 and subtract the length of the suffix
+ * from *len. Otherwise, return 0 and leave *len untouched.
+ */
+static inline int strip_suffix_mem(const char *buf, size_t *len,
+				   const char *suffix)
+{
+	size_t suflen = strlen(suffix);
+	if (*len < suflen || memcmp(buf + (*len - suflen), suffix, suflen))
+		return 0;
+	*len -= suflen;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If str ends with suffix, return 1 and set *len to the size of the string
+ * without the suffix. Otherwise, return 0 and set *len to the size of the
+ * string.
+ *
+ * Note that we do _not_ NUL-terminate str to the new length.
+ */
+static inline int strip_suffix(const char *str, const char *suffix, size_t *len)
+{
+	*len = strlen(str);
+	return strip_suffix_mem(str, len, suffix);
+}
+
+static inline int ends_with(const char *str, const char *suffix)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	return strip_suffix(str, suffix, &len);
 }
 
 #if defined(NO_MMAP) || defined(USE_WIN32_MMAP)
@@ -304,8 +550,42 @@ extern int git_munmap(void *start, size_t length);
 #define on_disk_bytes(st) ((st).st_blocks * 512)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION
+#undef S_IFMT
+#undef S_IFREG
+#undef S_IFDIR
+#undef S_IFLNK
+#undef S_IFBLK
+#undef S_IFCHR
+#undef S_IFIFO
+#undef S_IFSOCK
+#define S_IFMT   0170000
+#define S_IFREG  0100000
+#define S_IFDIR  0040000
+#define S_IFLNK  0120000
+#define S_IFBLK  0060000
+#define S_IFCHR  0020000
+#define S_IFIFO  0010000
+#define S_IFSOCK 0140000
+#ifdef stat
+#undef stat
+#endif
+#define stat(path, buf) git_stat(path, buf)
+extern int git_stat(const char *, struct stat *);
+#ifdef fstat
+#undef fstat
+#endif
+#define fstat(fd, buf) git_fstat(fd, buf)
+extern int git_fstat(int, struct stat *);
+#ifdef lstat
+#undef lstat
+#endif
+#define lstat(path, buf) git_lstat(path, buf)
+extern int git_lstat(const char *, struct stat *);
+#endif
+
 #define DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_LIMIT \
-	((1024L * 1024L) * (sizeof(void*) >= 8 ? 8192 : 256))
+	((1024L * 1024L) * (size_t)(sizeof(void*) >= 8 ? 8192 : 256))
 
 #ifdef NO_PREAD
 #define pread git_pread
@@ -355,11 +635,6 @@ extern uintmax_t gitstrtoumax(const char *, char **, int);
 extern intmax_t gitstrtoimax(const char *, char **, int);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-#define strtok_r gitstrtok_r
-extern char *gitstrtok_r(char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_HSTRERROR
 #define hstrerror githstrerror
 extern const char *githstrerror(int herror);
@@ -371,6 +646,10 @@ void *gitmemmem(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen,
                 const void *needle, size_t needlelen);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+#define getpagesize() sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+#endif
+
 #ifdef FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
 #ifdef fopen
 #undef fopen
@@ -380,9 +659,15 @@ extern FILE *git_fopen(const char*, const char*);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS
+#ifdef snprintf
+#undef snprintf
+#endif
 #define snprintf git_snprintf
 extern int git_snprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize,
 			const char *format, ...);
+#ifdef vsnprintf
+#undef vsnprintf
+#endif
 #define vsnprintf git_vsnprintf
 extern int git_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize,
 			 const char *format, va_list ap);
@@ -391,7 +676,6 @@ extern int git_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize,
 #ifdef __GLIBC_PREREQ
 #if __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 1)
 #define HAVE_STRCHRNUL
-#define HAVE_MEMPCPY
 #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -405,14 +689,6 @@ static inline char *gitstrchrnul(const char *s, int c)
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef HAVE_MEMPCPY
-#define mempcpy gitmempcpy
-static inline void *gitmempcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n)
-{
-	return (char *)memcpy(dest, src, n) + n;
-}
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_INET_PTON
 int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
 #endif
@@ -421,27 +697,143 @@ int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
 const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, size_t size);
 #endif
 
-extern void release_pack_memory(size_t, int);
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+#define atexit git_atexit
+extern int git_atexit(void (*handler)(void));
+#endif
+
+extern void release_pack_memory(size_t);
 
 typedef void (*try_to_free_t)(size_t);
 extern try_to_free_t set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_t);
 
+static inline size_t st_add(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	if (unsigned_add_overflows(a, b))
+		die("size_t overflow: %"PRIuMAX" + %"PRIuMAX,
+		    (uintmax_t)a, (uintmax_t)b);
+	return a + b;
+}
+#define st_add3(a,b,c)   st_add(st_add((a),(b)),(c))
+#define st_add4(a,b,c,d) st_add(st_add3((a),(b),(c)),(d))
+
+static inline size_t st_mult(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	if (unsigned_mult_overflows(a, b))
+		die("size_t overflow: %"PRIuMAX" * %"PRIuMAX,
+		    (uintmax_t)a, (uintmax_t)b);
+	return a * b;
+}
+
+static inline size_t st_sub(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	if (a < b)
+		die("size_t underflow: %"PRIuMAX" - %"PRIuMAX,
+		    (uintmax_t)a, (uintmax_t)b);
+	return a - b;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
+# include <alloca.h>
+# define xalloca(size)      (alloca(size))
+# define xalloca_free(p)    do {} while (0)
+#else
+# define xalloca(size)      (xmalloc(size))
+# define xalloca_free(p)    (free(p))
+#endif
 extern char *xstrdup(const char *str);
 extern void *xmalloc(size_t size);
 extern void *xmallocz(size_t size);
+extern void *xmallocz_gently(size_t size);
 extern void *xmemdupz(const void *data, size_t len);
 extern char *xstrndup(const char *str, size_t len);
 extern void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
 extern void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
 extern void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
+extern void *xmmap_gently(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
+extern int xopen(const char *path, int flags, ...);
 extern ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len);
 extern ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len);
+extern ssize_t xpread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len, off_t offset);
 extern int xdup(int fd);
+extern FILE *xfopen(const char *path, const char *mode);
 extern FILE *xfdopen(int fd, const char *mode);
 extern int xmkstemp(char *template);
 extern int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode);
 extern int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern);
-extern int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern char *xgetcwd(void);
+extern FILE *fopen_for_writing(const char *path);
+
+#define ALLOC_ARRAY(x, alloc) (x) = xmalloc(st_mult(sizeof(*(x)), (alloc)))
+#define REALLOC_ARRAY(x, alloc) (x) = xrealloc((x), st_mult(sizeof(*(x)), (alloc)))
+
+/*
+ * These functions help you allocate structs with flex arrays, and copy
+ * the data directly into the array. For example, if you had:
+ *
+ *   struct foo {
+ *     int bar;
+ *     char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+ *   };
+ *
+ * you can do:
+ *
+ *   struct foo *f;
+ *   FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(f, name, src, len);
+ *
+ * to allocate a "foo" with the contents of "src" in the "name" field.
+ * The resulting struct is automatically zero'd, and the flex-array field
+ * is NUL-terminated (whether the incoming src buffer was or not).
+ *
+ * The FLEXPTR_* variants operate on structs that don't use flex-arrays,
+ * but do want to store a pointer to some extra data in the same allocated
+ * block. For example, if you have:
+ *
+ *   struct foo {
+ *     char *name;
+ *     int bar;
+ *   };
+ *
+ * you can do:
+ *
+ *   struct foo *f;
+ *   FLEX_ALLOC_STR(f, name, src);
+ *
+ * and "name" will point to a block of memory after the struct, which will be
+ * freed along with the struct (but the pointer can be repointed anywhere).
+ *
+ * The *_STR variants accept a string parameter rather than a ptr/len
+ * combination.
+ *
+ * Note that these macros will evaluate the first parameter multiple
+ * times, and it must be assignable as an lvalue.
+ */
+#define FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(x, flexname, buf, len) do { \
+	(x) = NULL; /* silence -Wuninitialized for offset calculation */ \
+	(x) = xalloc_flex(sizeof(*(x)), (char *)(&((x)->flexname)) - (char *)(x), (buf), (len)); \
+} while (0)
+#define FLEXPTR_ALLOC_MEM(x, ptrname, buf, len) do { \
+	(x) = xalloc_flex(sizeof(*(x)), sizeof(*(x)), (buf), (len)); \
+	(x)->ptrname = (void *)((x)+1); \
+} while(0)
+#define FLEX_ALLOC_STR(x, flexname, str) \
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM((x), flexname, (str), strlen(str))
+#define FLEXPTR_ALLOC_STR(x, ptrname, str) \
+	FLEXPTR_ALLOC_MEM((x), ptrname, (str), strlen(str))
+
+static inline void *xalloc_flex(size_t base_len, size_t offset,
+				const void *src, size_t src_len)
+{
+	unsigned char *ret = xcalloc(1, st_add3(base_len, src_len, 1));
+	memcpy(ret + offset, src, src_len);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline char *xstrdup_or_null(const char *str)
+{
+	return str ? xstrdup(str) : NULL;
+}
 
 static inline size_t xsize_t(off_t len)
 {
@@ -450,12 +842,11 @@ static inline size_t xsize_t(off_t len)
 	return (size_t)len;
 }
 
-static inline int has_extension(const char *filename, const char *ext)
-{
-	size_t len = strlen(filename);
-	size_t extlen = strlen(ext);
-	return len > extlen && !memcmp(filename + len - extlen, ext, extlen);
-}
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+extern int xsnprintf(char *dst, size_t max, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+/* in ctype.c, for kwset users */
+extern const unsigned char tolower_trans_tbl[256];
 
 /* Sane ctype - no locale, and works with signed chars */
 #undef isascii
@@ -463,23 +854,39 @@ static inline int has_extension(const char *filename, const char *ext)
 #undef isdigit
 #undef isalpha
 #undef isalnum
+#undef isprint
+#undef islower
+#undef isupper
 #undef tolower
 #undef toupper
-extern unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
+#undef iscntrl
+#undef ispunct
+#undef isxdigit
+
+extern const unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
 #define GIT_SPACE 0x01
 #define GIT_DIGIT 0x02
 #define GIT_ALPHA 0x04
 #define GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL 0x08
 #define GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL 0x10
 #define GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC 0x20
+#define GIT_CNTRL 0x40
+#define GIT_PUNCT 0x80
 #define sane_istest(x,mask) ((sane_ctype[(unsigned char)(x)] & (mask)) != 0)
 #define isascii(x) (((x) & ~0x7f) == 0)
 #define isspace(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_SPACE)
 #define isdigit(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_DIGIT)
 #define isalpha(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA)
 #define isalnum(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA | GIT_DIGIT)
+#define isprint(x) ((x) >= 0x20 && (x) <= 0x7e)
+#define islower(x) sane_iscase(x, 1)
+#define isupper(x) sane_iscase(x, 0)
 #define is_glob_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL)
 #define is_regex_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL)
+#define iscntrl(x) (sane_istest(x,GIT_CNTRL))
+#define ispunct(x) sane_istest(x, GIT_PUNCT | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL | \
+		GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
+#define isxdigit(x) (hexval_table[(unsigned char)(x)] != -1)
 #define tolower(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0x20)
 #define toupper(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0)
 #define is_pathspec_magic(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
@@ -491,12 +898,26 @@ static inline int sane_case(int x, int high)
 	return x;
 }
 
+static inline int sane_iscase(int x, int is_lower)
+{
+	if (!sane_istest(x, GIT_ALPHA))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_lower)
+		return (x & 0x20) != 0;
+	else
+		return (x & 0x20) == 0;
+}
+
 static inline int strtoul_ui(char const *s, int base, unsigned int *result)
 {
 	unsigned long ul;
 	char *p;
 
 	errno = 0;
+	/* negative values would be accepted by strtoul */
+	if (strchr(s, '-'))
+		return -1;
 	ul = strtoul(s, &p, base);
 	if (errno || *p || p == s || (unsigned int) ul != ul)
 		return -1;
@@ -562,13 +983,27 @@ void git_qsort(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || (_MSC_VER >= 1400) || defined(__C99_MACRO_WITH_VA_ARGS)
+#define HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS 1
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Preserves errno, prints a message, but gives no warning for ENOENT.
- * Always returns the return value of unlink(2).
+ * Returns 0 on success, which includes trying to unlink an object that does
+ * not exist.
  */
 int unlink_or_warn(const char *path);
+ /*
+  * Tries to unlink file.  Returns 0 if unlink succeeded
+  * or the file already didn't exist.  Returns -1 and
+  * appends a message to err suitable for
+  * 'error("%s", err->buf)' on error.
+  */
+int unlink_or_msg(const char *file, struct strbuf *err);
 /*
- * Likewise for rmdir(2).
+ * Preserves errno, prints a message, but gives no warning for ENOENT.
+ * Returns 0 on success, which includes trying to remove a directory that does
+ * not exist.
  */
 int rmdir_or_warn(const char *path);
 /*
@@ -577,4 +1012,36 @@ int rmdir_or_warn(const char *path);
  */
 int remove_or_warn(unsigned int mode, const char *path);
 
+/*
+ * Call access(2), but warn for any error except "missing file"
+ * (ENOENT or ENOTDIR).
+ */
+#define ACCESS_EACCES_OK (1U << 0)
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
+
+/* Warn on an inaccessible file that ought to be accessible */
+void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path);
+
+#ifdef GMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS
+struct tm *git_gmtime(const time_t *);
+struct tm *git_gmtime_r(const time_t *, struct tm *);
+#define gmtime git_gmtime
+#define gmtime_r git_gmtime_r
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N) && defined(__GNUC__)
+#define USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SHELL_PATH
+# define SHELL_PATH "/bin/sh"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
+#define flockfile(fh)
+#define funlockfile(fh)
+#define getc_unlocked(fh) getc(fh)
+#endif
+
 #endif
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
index 39a426e067..d13f02da95 100755
--- a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
+++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@ if ($opt_w || $opt_W) {
 		chomp($gd);
 		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $gd;
 	}
+
+	# On MSYS, convert a Windows-style path to an MSYS-style path
+	# so that rel2abs() below works correctly.
+	if ($^O eq 'msys') {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} =~ s#^([[:alpha:]]):/#/$1/#;
+	}
+
 	# Make sure GIT_DIR is absolute
 	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{GIT_DIR});
 }
@@ -413,7 +420,7 @@ sleep(1);
 
 sub usage {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
+usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
 END
 	exit(1);
 }
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.perl b/git-cvsimport.perl
index 8d41610bcf..1e4e65a45d 100755
--- a/git-cvsimport.perl
+++ b/git-cvsimport.perl
@@ -24,20 +24,21 @@ use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
 use Time::Local;
 use IO::Socket;
 use IO::Pipe;
-use POSIX qw(strftime dup2 ENOENT);
+use POSIX qw(strftime tzset dup2 ENOENT);
 use IPC::Open2;
+use Git qw(get_tz_offset);
 
 $SIG{'PIPE'}="IGNORE";
-$ENV{'TZ'}="UTC";
+set_timezone('UTC');
 
 our ($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_k,$opt_u,$opt_d,$opt_p,$opt_C,$opt_z,$opt_i,$opt_P, $opt_s,$opt_m,@opt_M,$opt_A,$opt_S,$opt_L, $opt_a, $opt_r, $opt_R);
-my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email);
+my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email, %conv_author_tz);
 
 sub usage(;$) {
 	my $msg = shift;
 	print(STDERR "Error: $msg\n") if $msg;
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
+usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-d CVSROOT] [-A author-conv-file]
        [-p opts-for-cvsps] [-P file] [-C GIT_repository] [-z fuzz] [-i] [-k]
        [-u] [-s subst] [-a] [-m] [-M regex] [-S regex] [-L commitlimit]
@@ -59,6 +60,14 @@ sub read_author_info($) {
 			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
 			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
 		}
+		# or with an optional timezone:
+		#   spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org> America/Chicago
+		elsif (m/^(\S+?)\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.+)>\s*(\S+?)\s*$/) {
+			$user = $1;
+			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
+			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
+			$conv_author_tz{$user} = $4;
+		}
 		# However, we also read from CVSROOT/users format
 		# to ease migration.
 		elsif (/^(\w+):(['"]?)(.+?)\2\s*$/) {
@@ -84,11 +93,22 @@ sub write_author_info($) {
 	  die("Failed to open $file for writing: $!");
 
 	foreach (keys %conv_author_name) {
-		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>\n";
+		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>";
+		print $f " $conv_author_tz{$_}" if ($conv_author_tz{$_});
+		print $f "\n";
 	}
 	close ($f);
 }
 
+# Versions of perl before 5.10.0 may not automatically check $TZ each
+# time localtime is run (most platforms will do so only the first time).
+# We can work around this by using tzset() to update the internal
+# variable whenever we change the environment.
+sub set_timezone {
+	$ENV{TZ} = shift;
+	tzset();
+}
+
 # convert getopts specs for use by git config
 my %longmap = (
 	'A:' => 'authors-file',
@@ -795,7 +815,7 @@ sub write_tree () {
 	return $tree;
 }
 
-my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
+my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$author_tz,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
 my (@old,@new,@skipped,%ignorebranch,@commit_revisions);
 
 # commits that cvsps cannot place anywhere...
@@ -844,7 +864,11 @@ sub commit {
 		}
 	}
 
-	my $commit_date = strftime("+0000 %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",gmtime($date));
+	set_timezone($author_tz);
+	# $date is in the seconds since epoch format
+	my $tz_offset = get_tz_offset($date);
+	my $commit_date = "$date $tz_offset";
+	set_timezone('UTC');
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $author_name;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $author_email;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $commit_date;
@@ -889,10 +913,37 @@ sub commit {
 		$xtag =~ s/\s+\*\*.*$//; # Remove stuff like ** INVALID ** and ** FUNKY **
 		$xtag =~ tr/_/\./ if ( $opt_u );
 		$xtag =~ s/[\/]/$opt_s/g;
-		$xtag =~ s/\[//g;
 
-		system('git' , 'tag', '-f', $xtag, $cid) == 0
-			or die "Cannot create tag $xtag: $!\n";
+		# See refs.c for these rules.
+		# Tag cannot contain bad chars. (See bad_ref_char in refs.c.)
+		$xtag =~ s/[ ~\^:\\\*\?\[]//g;
+		# Other bad strings for tags:
+		# (See check_refname_component in refs.c.)
+		1 while $xtag =~ s/
+			(?: \.\.        # Tag cannot contain '..'.
+			|   \@\{        # Tag cannot contain '@{'.
+			| ^ -           # Tag cannot begin with '-'.
+			|   \.lock $    # Tag cannot end with '.lock'.
+			| ^ \.          # Tag cannot begin...
+			|   \. $        # ...or end with '.'
+			)//xg;
+		# Tag cannot be empty.
+		if ($xtag eq '') {
+			warn("warning: ignoring tag '$tag'",
+			" with invalid tagname\n");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (system('git' , 'tag', '-f', $xtag, $cid) != 0) {
+			# We did our best to sanitize the tag, but still failed
+			# for whatever reason. Bail out, and give the user
+			# enough information to understand if/how we should
+			# improve the translation in the future.
+			if ($tag ne $xtag) {
+				print "Translated '$tag' tag to '$xtag'\n";
+			}
+			die "Cannot create tag $xtag: $!\n";
+		}
 
 		print "Created tag '$xtag' on '$branch'\n" if $opt_v;
 	}
@@ -918,12 +969,14 @@ while (<CVS>) {
 		}
 		$state=3;
 	} elsif ($state == 3 and s/^Author:\s+//) {
+		$author_tz = "UTC";
 		s/\s+$//;
 		if (/^(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
 		    ($author_name, $author_email) = ($1, $2);
 		} elsif ($conv_author_name{$_}) {
 			$author_name = $conv_author_name{$_};
 			$author_email = $conv_author_email{$_};
+			$author_tz = $conv_author_tz{$_} if ($conv_author_tz{$_});
 		} else {
 		    $author_name = $author_email = $_;
 		}
@@ -1109,7 +1162,7 @@ if ($orig_branch) {
 		die "Fast-forward update failed: $?\n" if $?;
 	}
 	else {
-		system(qw(git merge cvsimport HEAD), "$remote/$opt_o");
+		system(qw(git merge -m cvsimport), "$remote/$opt_o");
 		die "Could not merge $opt_o into the current branch.\n" if $?;
 	}
 } else {
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
index b8eddabc94..d50c85ed7b 100755
--- a/git-cvsserver.perl
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -51,11 +51,16 @@ $| = 1;
 
 #### Definition and mappings of functions ####
 
+# NOTE: Despite the existence of req_CATCHALL and req_EMPTY unimplemented
+#  requests, this list is incomplete.  It is missing many rarer/optional
+#  requests.  Perhaps some clients require a claim of support for
+#  these specific requests for main functionality to work?
 my $methods = {
     'Root'            => \&req_Root,
     'Valid-responses' => \&req_Validresponses,
     'valid-requests'  => \&req_validrequests,
     'Directory'       => \&req_Directory,
+    'Sticky'          => \&req_Sticky,
     'Entry'           => \&req_Entry,
     'Modified'        => \&req_Modified,
     'Unchanged'       => \&req_Unchanged,
@@ -80,7 +85,6 @@ my $methods = {
     'noop'            => \&req_EMPTY,
     'annotate'        => \&req_annotate,
     'Global_option'   => \&req_Globaloption,
-    #'annotate'        => \&req_CATCHALL,
 };
 
 ##############################################
@@ -103,7 +107,7 @@ my $work =
 $log->info("--------------- STARTING -----------------");
 
 my $usage =
-    "Usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
+    "usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
     "    --base-path <path>  : Prepend to requested CVSROOT\n".
     "                          Can be read from GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH\n".
     "    --strict-paths      : Don't allow recursing into subdirectories\n".
@@ -426,10 +430,10 @@ sub req_validrequests
 
     $log->debug("req_validrequests");
 
-    $log->debug("SEND : Valid-requests " . join(" ",keys %$methods));
+    $log->debug("SEND : Valid-requests " . join(" ",sort keys %$methods));
     $log->debug("SEND : ok");
 
-    print "Valid-requests " . join(" ",keys %$methods) . "\n";
+    print "Valid-requests " . join(" ",sort keys %$methods) . "\n";
     print "ok\n";
 }
 
@@ -467,11 +471,19 @@ sub req_Directory
     {
         $log->info("Setting prepend to '$state->{path}'");
         $state->{prependdir} = $state->{path};
+        my %entries;
         foreach my $entry ( keys %{$state->{entries}} )
         {
-            $state->{entries}{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
-            delete $state->{entries}{$entry};
+            $entries{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
         }
+        $state->{entries}=\%entries;
+
+        my %dirMap;
+        foreach my $dir ( keys %{$state->{dirMap}} )
+        {
+            $dirMap{$state->{prependdir} . $dir} = $state->{dirMap}{$dir};
+        }
+        $state->{dirMap}=\%dirMap;
     }
 
     if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) )
@@ -479,9 +491,60 @@ sub req_Directory
         $log->debug("Prepending '$state->{prependdir}' to state|directory");
         $state->{directory} = $state->{prependdir} . $state->{directory}
     }
+
+    if ( ! defined($state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}) )
+    {
+        $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}} =
+            {
+                'names' => {}
+                #'tagspec' => undef
+            };
+    }
+
     $log->debug("req_Directory : localdir=$data repository=$repository path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory} module=$state->{module}");
 }
 
+# Sticky tagspec \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server that the directory most
+#     recently specified with Directory has a sticky tag or date
+#     tagspec. The first character of tagspec is T for a tag, D for
+#     a date, or some other character supplied by a Set-sticky
+#     response from a previous request to the server. The remainder
+#     of tagspec contains the actual tag or date, again as supplied
+#     by Set-sticky.
+#          The server should remember Static-directory and Sticky requests
+#     for a particular directory; the client need not resend them each
+#     time it sends a Directory request for a given directory. However,
+#     the server is not obliged to remember them beyond the context
+#     of a single command.
+sub req_Sticky
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $tagspec ) = @_;
+
+    my ( $stickyInfo );
+    if($tagspec eq "")
+    {
+        # nothing
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $1 };
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo= { 'date' => $1 };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
+    }
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{stickyInfo}=$stickyInfo;
+
+    $log->debug("req_Sticky : tagspec=$tagspec repository=$state->{repository}"
+                . " path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory}"
+                . " module=$state->{module}");
+}
+
 # Entry entry-line \n
 #     Response expected: no. Tell the server what version of a file is on the
 #     local machine. The name in entry-line is a name relative to the directory
@@ -499,7 +562,7 @@ sub req_Entry
 
     #$log->debug("req_Entry : $data");
 
-    my @data = split(/\//, $data);
+    my @data = split(/\//, $data, -1);
 
     $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data[1]} = {
         revision    => $data[2],
@@ -508,6 +571,8 @@ sub req_Entry
         tag_or_date => $data[5],
     };
 
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{names}{$data[1]} = 'F';
+
     $log->info("Received entry line '$data' => '" . $state->{directory} . $data[1] . "'");
 }
 
@@ -540,21 +605,22 @@ sub req_add
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    argsfromdir($updater);
-
     my $addcount = 0;
 
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # no -r, -A, or -D with add
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev < 0))
+        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev=~/^-/))
         {
             # previously removed file, add back
-            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send 1.$meta->{revision}");
+            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send $meta->{revision}");
 
             print "MT +updated\n";
             print "MT text U \n";
@@ -571,8 +637,10 @@ sub req_add
 
                 # this is an "entries" line
                 my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-                $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entryLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entryLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                $log->debug($entryLine);
+                print "$entryLine\n";
                 # permissions
                 $log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
                 print "u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}\n";
@@ -603,7 +671,8 @@ sub req_add
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"file",
                         $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename});
-        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/" .
+              getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         my $requestedKopts = $state->{opt}{k};
         if(defined($requestedKopts))
@@ -671,7 +740,10 @@ sub req_remove
             next;
         }
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # only from entries
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
         unless ( defined ( $wrev ) )
@@ -680,13 +752,13 @@ sub req_remove
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 )
+        if ( defined($wrev) and ($wrev=~/^-/) )
         {
             print "E cvs remove: file `$filename' already scheduled for removal\n";
             next;
         }
 
-        unless ( $wrev == $meta->{revision} )
+        unless ( $wrev eq $meta->{revision} )
         {
             # TODO : not sure if the format of this message is quite correct.
             print "E cvs remove: Up to date check failed for `$filename'\n";
@@ -701,7 +773,7 @@ sub req_remove
         print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-        print "/$filepart/-1.$wrev//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/-$wrev//$kopts/" . getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         $rmcount++;
     }
@@ -881,6 +953,9 @@ sub req_co
         return 1;
     }
 
+    my $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $state->{opt}{r},
+                       'date' => $state->{opt}{D} };
+
     my $module = $state->{args}[0];
     $state->{module} = $module;
     my $checkout_path = $module;
@@ -898,64 +973,32 @@ sub req_co
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $module, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
+    my $headHash;
+    if( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+    {
+        $headHash = $updater->lookupCommitRef($stickyInfo->{tag});
+        if( !defined($headHash) )
+        {
+            print "error 1 no such tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}'\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+    }
 
-    # Eclipse seems to need the Clear-sticky command
-    # to prepare the 'Entries' file for the new directory.
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-static-directory $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n"; # yes, twice
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Template $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "0\n";
-
-    # instruct the client that we're checking out to $checkout_path
-    print "E cvs checkout: Updating $checkout_path\n";
+    $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
 
     my %seendirs = ();
     my $lastdir ='';
 
-    # recursive
-    sub prepdir {
-       my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs) = @_;
-       my $parent = dirname($dir);
-       $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
-       $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
-       $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
-       $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
-       $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
-
-       if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './') {
-           $parent = '';
-       }
-       # recurse to announce unseen parents first
-       if (length($parent) && !exists($seendirs->{$parent})) {
-           prepdir($parent, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs);
-       }
-       # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
-       if ($parent) {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir/$parent\n";
-       } else {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir\n";
-       }
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-
-       print "Clear-static-directory $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n"; # yes, twice
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-       print "Template $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "0\n";
-
-       $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
-    }
-
-    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->gethead} )
+    prepDirForOutput(
+            ".",
+            $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module",
+            $checkout_path,
+            \%seendirs,
+            'checkout',
+            $state->{dirArgs} );
+
+    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->getAnyHead($headHash)} )
     {
         # Don't want to check out deleted files
         next if ( $git->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
@@ -963,16 +1006,13 @@ sub req_co
         my $fullName = $git->{name};
         ( $git->{name}, $git->{dir} ) = filenamesplit($git->{name});
 
-       if (length($git->{dir}) && $git->{dir} ne './'
-           && $git->{dir} ne $lastdir ) {
-           unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
-               prepdir($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
-                       $checkout_path, \%seendirs);
-               $lastdir = $git->{dir};
-               $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
-           }
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating /$checkout_path/$git->{dir}\n";
-       }
+        unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
+            prepDirForOutput($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
+                             $checkout_path, \%seendirs, 'checkout',
+                             $state->{dirArgs} );
+            $lastdir = $git->{dir};
+            $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
+        }
 
         # modification time of this file
         print "Mod-time $git->{modified}\n";
@@ -992,7 +1032,8 @@ sub req_co
 
         # this is an "entries" line
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($fullName,"sha1",$git->{filehash});
-        print "/$git->{name}/1.$git->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$git->{name}/$git->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                        getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         # permissions
         print "u=$git->{mode},g=$git->{mode},o=$git->{mode}\n";
 
@@ -1005,6 +1046,119 @@ sub req_co
     statecleanup();
 }
 
+# used by req_co and req_update to set up directories for files
+# recursively handles parents
+sub prepDirForOutput
+{
+    my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs) = @_;
+
+    my $parent = dirname($dir);
+    $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
+    $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
+    $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
+    $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
+
+    if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './')
+    {
+        $parent = '';
+    }
+    # recurse to announce unseen parents first
+    if( length($parent) &&
+        !exists($seendirs->{$parent}) &&
+        ( $request eq "checkout" ||
+          exists($dirArgs->{$parent}) ) )
+    {
+        prepDirForOutput($parent, $repodir, $remotedir,
+                         $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs);
+    }
+    # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
+    if ($dir eq '.' || $dir eq './')
+    {
+        $dir = '';
+    }
+    if(exists($seendirs->{$dir}))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
+    my($thisRemoteDir,$thisRepoDir);
+    if ($dir ne "")
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir="$repodir/$dir";
+        if($remotedir eq ".")
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir=$dir;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir="$remotedir/$dir";
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir=$repodir;
+        $thisRemoteDir=$remotedir;
+    }
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
+    {
+        print "E cvs $request: Updating $thisRemoteDir\n";
+    }
+
+    my ($opt_r)=$state->{opt}{r};
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+    {
+        # $stickyInfo=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($opt_r) && $opt_r ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($state->{opt}{D}) && $state->{opt}{D} ne "" ) # TODO
+    {
+        $stickyInfo={ 'tag' => (defined($opt_r)?$opt_r:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $stickyInfo={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyInfo=getDirStickyInfo($state->{prependdir} . $dir);
+    }
+
+    my $stickyResponse;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo))
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Set-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n" .
+                          getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Clear-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+    }
+
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+    {
+        print $stickyResponse;
+
+        print "Clear-static-directory $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print $stickyResponse; # yes, twice
+        print "Template $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print "0\n";
+    }
+
+    $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
+
+    # FUTURE: This would more accurately emulate CVS by sending
+    #   another copy of sticky after processing the files in that
+    #   directory.  Or intermediate: perhaps send all sticky's for
+    #   $seendirs after processing all files.
+}
+
 # update \n
 #     Response expected: yes. Actually do a cvs update command. This uses any
 #     previous Argument, Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have
@@ -1048,29 +1202,19 @@ sub req_update
 
     #$log->debug("update state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my $last_dirname = "///";
+    my($repoDir);
+    $repoDir=$state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$state->{prependdir}";
+
+    my %seendirs = ();
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argsFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my $filename;
+        $filename = filecleanup($argsFilename);
 
         $log->debug("Processing file $filename");
 
-        unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
-        {
-            my $cur_dirname = dirname($filename);
-            if ( $cur_dirname ne $last_dirname )
-            {
-                $last_dirname = $cur_dirname;
-                if ( $cur_dirname eq "" )
-                {
-                    $cur_dirname = ".";
-                }
-                print "E cvs update: Updating $cur_dirname\n";
-            }
-        }
-
         # if we have a -C we should pretend we never saw modified stuff
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1079,13 +1223,11 @@ sub req_update
             $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} = 1;
         }
 
-        my $meta;
-        if ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ )
-        {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $1);
-        } else {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        }
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename,
+                                           $state->{opt}{r},
+                                           $state->{opt}{D},
+                                           exists($state->{opt}{A}));
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $stickyInfo);
 
         # If -p was given, "print" the contents of the requested revision.
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{p} ) ) {
@@ -1098,23 +1240,41 @@ sub req_update
             next;
         }
 
+        # Directories:
+        prepDirForOutput(
+                dirname($argsFilename),
+                $repoDir,
+                ".",
+                \%seendirs,
+                "update",
+                $state->{dirArgs} );
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
 	if ( ! defined $meta )
 	{
 	    $meta = {
 	        name => $filename,
-	        revision => 0,
+	        revision => '0',
 	        filehash => 'added'
 	    };
+	    if($wrev ne "0")
+	    {
+	        $meta->{filehash}='deleted';
+	    }
 	}
 
         my $oldmeta = $meta;
 
-        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
-
         # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        my $oldWrev=$wrev;
+        if(defined($oldWrev))
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            $oldWrev=~s/^-//;
+            if($oldWrev ne $meta->{revision})
+            {
+                $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $oldWrev);
+            }
         }
 
         #$log->debug("Target revision is $meta->{revision}, current working revision is $wrev");
@@ -1123,7 +1283,7 @@ sub req_update
         # and the working copy is unmodified _and_ the user hasn't specified -C
         next if ( defined ( $wrev )
                   and defined($meta->{revision})
-                  and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+                  and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
                   and $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
                   and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) );
 
@@ -1131,7 +1291,8 @@ sub req_update
         # but the working copy is modified, tell the client it's modified
         if ( defined ( $wrev )
              and defined($meta->{revision})
-             and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev ne "0"
              and defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash})
              and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1142,8 +1303,12 @@ sub req_update
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" && $wrev ne "0" )
         {
+            # TODO: If it has been modified in the sandbox, error out
+            #   with the appropriate message, rather than deleting a modified
+            #   file.
+
             my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename,1);
 
             $log->info("Removing '$filename' from working copy (no longer in the repo)");
@@ -1161,7 +1326,7 @@ sub req_update
         {
             # normal update, just send the new revision (either U=Update,
             # or A=Add, or R=Remove)
-	    if ( defined($wrev) && $wrev < 0 )
+	    if ( defined($wrev) && ($wrev=~/^-/) )
 	    {
 	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for removal");
 		print "MT text R \n";
@@ -1169,7 +1334,8 @@ sub req_update
                 print "MT newline\n";
 		next;
 	    }
-	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev == 0) && (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} == 0) )
+	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev eq '0') &&
+                    (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} eq '0') )
 	    {
 	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for addition");
 		print "MT text A \n";
@@ -1179,7 +1345,7 @@ sub req_update
 
 	    }
 	    else {
-                $log->info("Updating '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
+                $log->info("UpdatingX3 '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
                 print "MT +updated\n";
                 print "MT text U \n";
                 print "MT fname $filename\n";
@@ -1199,10 +1365,6 @@ sub req_update
 		    $log->debug("Updating existing file 'Update-existing $dirpart'");
 		} else {
 		    # instruct client we're sending a file to put in this path as a new file
-		    print "Clear-static-directory $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
-		    print "Clear-sticky $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
 
 		    $log->debug("Creating new file 'Created $dirpart'");
 		    print "Created $dirpart\n";
@@ -1211,8 +1373,10 @@ sub req_update
 
 		# this is an "entries" line
 		my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-		$log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-		print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+		$log->debug($entriesLine);
+		print "$entriesLine\n";
 
 		# permissions
 		$log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
@@ -1222,7 +1386,6 @@ sub req_update
 		transmitfile($meta->{filehash});
 	    }
         } else {
-            $log->info("Updating '$filename'");
             my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($meta->{name},1);
 
             my $mergeDir = setupTmpDir();
@@ -1237,7 +1400,7 @@ sub req_update
 
             # we need to merge with the local changes ( M=successful merge, C=conflict merge )
             $log->info("Merging $file_local, $file_old, $file_new");
-            print "M Merging differences between 1.$oldmeta->{revision} and 1.$meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
+            print "M Merging differences between $oldmeta->{revision} and $meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
 
             $log->debug("Temporary directory for merge is $mergeDir");
 
@@ -1260,8 +1423,10 @@ sub req_update
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                    $log->debug("/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
+                    my $entriesLine="/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             elsif ( $return == 1 )
@@ -1277,7 +1442,9 @@ sub req_update
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/\n";
+                    my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -1305,6 +1472,43 @@ sub req_update
 
     }
 
+    # prepDirForOutput() any other existing directories unless they already
+    # have the right sticky tag:
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{n} )
+    {
+        my $dir;
+        foreach $dir (keys(%{$state->{dirMap}}))
+        {
+            if( ! $seendirs{$dir} &&
+                exists($state->{dirArgs}{$dir}) )
+            {
+                my($oldTag);
+                $oldTag=$state->{dirMap}{$dir}{tagspec};
+
+                unless( ( exists($state->{opt}{A}) &&
+                          defined($oldTag) ) ||
+                          ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) &&
+                            ( !defined($oldTag) ||
+                              $state->{opt}{r} ne $oldTag ) ) )
+                        # TODO?: OR sticky dir is different...
+                {
+                    next;
+                }
+
+                prepDirForOutput(
+                        $dir,
+                        $repoDir,
+                        ".",
+                        \%seendirs,
+                        'update',
+                        $state->{dirArgs} );
+            }
+
+            # TODO?: Consider sending a final duplicate Sticky response
+            #   to more closely mimic real CVS.
+        }
+    }
+
     print "ok\n";
 }
 
@@ -1337,23 +1541,11 @@ sub req_ci
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # Remember where the head was at the beginning.
-    my $parenthash = `git show-ref -s refs/heads/$state->{module}`;
-    chomp $parenthash;
-    if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/) {
-	    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
-	    cleanupWorkTree();
-	    exit;
-    }
-
-    setupWorkTree($parenthash);
-
-    $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
-
-    $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
-
     my @committedfiles = ();
     my %oldmeta;
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    my $branchRef;
+    my $parenthash;
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
@@ -1363,7 +1555,67 @@ sub req_ci
 
         next unless ( exists $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} or not $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} );
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        #####
+        # Figure out which branch and parenthash we are committing
+        # to, and setup worktree:
+
+        # should always come from entries:
+        my $fileStickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        if( !defined($branchRef) )
+        {
+            $stickyInfo = $fileStickyInfo;
+            if( defined($stickyInfo) &&
+                ( defined($stickyInfo->{date}) ||
+                  !defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) ) )
+            {
+                print "error 1 cannot commit with sticky date for file `$filename'\n";
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            $branchRef = "refs/heads/$state->{module}";
+            if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+            {
+                $branchRef = "refs/heads/$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+            }
+
+            $parenthash = `git show-ref -s $branchRef`;
+            chomp $parenthash;
+            if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+                {
+                    print "error 1 sticky tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}' for file `$filename' is not a branch\n";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
+                }
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            setupWorkTree($parenthash);
+
+            $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
+
+            $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
+        }
+        elsif( !refHashEqual($stickyInfo,$fileStickyInfo) )
+        {
+            #TODO: We could split the cvs commit into multiple
+            #  git commits by distinct stickyTag values, but that
+            #  is lowish priority.
+            print "error 1 Committing different files to different"
+                  . " branches is not currently supported\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+
+        #####
+        # Process this file:
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	$oldmeta{$filename} = $meta;
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
@@ -1380,11 +1632,12 @@ sub req_ci
 
         my $addflag = 0;
         my $rmflag = 0;
-        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 );
+        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and ($wrev=~/^-/) );
         $addflag = 1 unless ( -e $filename );
 
         # Do up to date checking
-        unless ( $addflag or $wrev == $meta->{revision} or ( $rmflag and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} ) )
+        unless ( $addflag or $wrev eq $meta->{revision} or
+                 ( $rmflag and $wrev eq "-$meta->{revision}" ) )
         {
             # fail everything if an up to date check fails
             print "error 1 Up to date check failed for $filename\n";
@@ -1421,7 +1674,7 @@ sub req_ci
             $log->info("Adding file '$filename'");
             system("git", "update-index", "--add", $filename);
         } else {
-            $log->info("Updating file '$filename'");
+            $log->info("UpdatingX2 file '$filename'");
             system("git", "update-index", $filename);
         }
     }
@@ -1464,7 +1717,7 @@ sub req_ci
     }
 
 	### Emulate git-receive-pack by running hooks/update
-	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', "refs/heads/$state->{module}",
+	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', $branchRef,
 			$parenthash, $commithash );
 	if( -x $hook[0] ) {
 		unless( system( @hook ) == 0 )
@@ -1478,7 +1731,7 @@ sub req_ci
 
 	### Update the ref
 	if (system(qw(git update-ref -m), "cvsserver ci",
-			"refs/heads/$state->{module}", $commithash, $parenthash)) {
+			$branchRef, $commithash, $parenthash)) {
 		$log->warn("update-ref for $state->{module} failed.");
 		print "error 1 Cannot commit -- update first\n";
 		cleanupWorkTree();
@@ -1492,7 +1745,7 @@ sub req_ci
 
 		local $SIG{PIPE} = sub { die 'pipe broke' };
 
-		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash refs/heads/$state->{module}\n";
+		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash $branchRef\n";
 
 		close $pipe || die "bad pipe: $! $?";
 	}
@@ -1502,7 +1755,7 @@ sub req_ci
 	### Then hooks/post-update
 	$hook = $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/post-update';
 	if (-x $hook) {
-		system($hook, "refs/heads/$state->{module}");
+		system($hook, $branchRef);
 	}
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1510,9 +1763,9 @@ sub req_ci
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	unless (defined $meta->{revision}) {
-	  $meta->{revision} = 1;
+	  $meta->{revision} = "1.1";
 	}
 
         my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename, 1);
@@ -1522,19 +1775,20 @@ sub req_ci
 	print "M $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v  <--  $dirpart$filepart\n";
         if ( defined $meta->{filehash} && $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
         {
-            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: $oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
             print "Remove-entry $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
         } else {
-            if ($meta->{revision} == 1) {
+            if ($meta->{revision} eq "1.1") {
 	        print "M initial revision: 1.1\n";
             } else {
-	        print "M new revision: 1.$meta->{revision}; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+	        print "M new revision: $meta->{revision}; previous revision: $oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
             }
             print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
             my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-            print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+            print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                  getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         }
     }
 
@@ -1552,10 +1806,12 @@ sub req_status
     #$log->debug("status state : " . Dumper($state));
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should
+    # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1563,67 +1819,140 @@ sub req_status
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        next if exists($state->{opt}{l}) && index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0;
-
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{l}) &&
+             index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0 )
+        {
+           next;
+        }
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
+        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+
+        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that
+        # version too for comparison.
+        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev ne $meta->{revision} )
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
         }
 
         # TODO : All possible statuses aren't yet implemented
         my $status;
-        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        $status = "Up-to-date" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
-                                    and
-                                    ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
-                                      or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta->{filehash} ) )
-                                   );
-
-        # Need checkout if the working copy has an older revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is unmodified
-        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev
-                                          and
-                                          ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
-                                            or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $oldmeta->{filehash} ) )
-                                        );
-
-        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working copy
-        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
-
-        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the same revision but there are local changes
-        $status ||= "Locally Modified" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision} and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
-
-        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is less than repo copy and there are local changes
-        $status ||= "Needs Merge" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
-
-        $status ||= "Locally Added" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and not defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
-        $status ||= "Locally Removed" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} );
-        $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ );
-        $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge" if ( 0 );
+        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have
+        # the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
+             $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and
+                 ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or
+                   $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) ) or
+               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
+                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
+                        $meta->{filehash} ) ) )
+        {
+            $status = "Up-to-date"
+        }
+
+        # Need checkout if the working copy has a different (usually
+        # older) revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is
+        # unmodified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $meta->{revision} ne $wrev and
+             ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} or
+               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
+                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
+                                $oldmeta->{filehash} ) ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Checkout";
+        }
+
+        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working
+        # copy
+        if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Checkout";
+        }
+
+        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the
+        # same revision but there are local changes
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
+             $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             $wrev ne "0" and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Modified";
+        }
+
+        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is different
+        # (usually older) than repo copy and there are local changes
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $meta->{revision} ne $wrev and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Merge";
+        }
+
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and
+             ( !defined($meta->{revision}) ||
+               $meta->{revision} eq "0" ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Added";
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $wrev eq "-$meta->{revision}" )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Removed";
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict";
+        }
+        if ( 0 )
+        {
+            $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge";
+        }
 
         $status ||= "Unknown";
 
         my ($filepart) = filenamesplit($filename);
 
-        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M File: $filepart\tStatus: $status\n";
         if ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{revision}) )
         {
-            print "M Working revision:\t" . $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
+            print "M Working revision:\t" .
+                  $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
         } else {
             print "M Working revision:\tNo entry for $filename\n";
         }
         if ( defined($meta->{revision}) )
         {
-            print "M Repository revision:\t1." . $meta->{revision} . "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t(none)\n";
-            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t(none)\n";
-            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t(none)\n";
+            print "M Repository revision:\t" .
+                   $meta->{revision} .
+                   "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
+            my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+            my($tag)=($tagOrDate=~m/^T(.+)$/);
+            if( !defined($tag) )
+            {
+                $tag="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t$tag\n";
+            my($date)=($tagOrDate=~m/^D(.+)$/);
+            if( !defined($date) )
+            {
+                $date="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t$date\n";
+            my($options)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{options};
+            if( $options eq "" )
+            {
+                $options="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t$options\n";
         } else {
             print "M Repository revision:\tNo revision control file\n";
         }
@@ -1651,98 +1980,151 @@ sub req_diff
         $revision1 = $state->{opt}{r};
     }
 
-    $revision1 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision1 ) );
-    $revision2 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision2 ) );
-
-    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " . ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) . " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
+    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " .
+                ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) .
+                " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should
+    # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
+    my($foundDiff);
+
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my($filename) = filecleanup($argFilename);
 
         my ( $fh, $file1, $file2, $meta1, $meta2, $filediff );
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # We need _something_ to diff against
-        next unless ( defined ( $wrev ) );
+        # Priority for revision1:
+        #  1. First -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - "0": added file not committed (empty contents for rev1)
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
 
-        # if we have a -r switch, use it
         if ( defined ( $revision1 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision1);
-            unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) and $meta1->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && $wrev ne "0" )
+        {
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
+        }
+        if ( !defined($meta1) ||
+             $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        {
+            if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
             {
-                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                if(!defined($revision1))
+                {
+                    print "E File $filename at revision $revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                }
                 next;
             }
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
-        }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy revision
-        else
-        {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+            elsif( !defined($meta1) )
+            {
+                $meta1 = {
+                    name => $filename,
+                    revision => '0',
+                    filehash => 'deleted'
+                };
+            }
         }
 
+        # Priority for revision2:
+        #  1. Second -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. Modified file contents from client
+        #  3. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
+
         # if we have a second -r switch, use it too
         if ( defined ( $revision2 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision2);
-
-            unless ( defined ( $meta2 ) and $meta2->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+        }
+        elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename}))
+        {
+            $file2 = $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+	    $meta2 = {
+                name => $filename,
+	        revision => '0',
+	        filehash => 'modified'
+            };
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && ($wrev!~/^-/) )
+        {
+            if(!defined($revision1))  # no revision and no modifications:
             {
-                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision2 doesn't exist\n";
                 next;
             }
-
-            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
         }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy
-        else
+        if(!defined($file2))
         {
-            $file2 = $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+            if ( !defined($meta2) ||
+                 $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
+                {
+                    if(!defined($revision2))
+                    {
+                        print "E File $filename at revision $revision2 doesn't exist\n";
+                    }
+                    next;
+                }
+                elsif( !defined($meta2) )
+                {
+	            $meta2 = {
+                        name => $filename,
+	                revision => '0',
+	                filehash => 'deleted'
+                    };
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        # if we have been given -r, and we don't have a $file2 yet, lets get one
-        if ( defined ( $revision1 ) and not defined ( $file2 ) )
+        if( $meta1->{filehash} eq $meta2->{filehash} )
         {
-            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
-            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+            $log->info("unchanged $filename");
+            next;
         }
 
-        # We need to have retrieved something useful
-        next unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-
-        # Files to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        next if ( not defined ( $meta2 ) and $wrev == $meta1->{revision}
-                  and
-                   ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
-                     or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta1->{filehash} ) )
-                  );
+        # Retrieve revision contents:
+        ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+        transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
 
-        # Apparently we only show diffs for locally modified files
-        next unless ( defined($meta2) or defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} ) );
+        if(!defined($file2))
+        {
+            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+        }
 
-        print "M Index: $filename\n";
-        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        # Generate the actual diff:
+        print "M Index: $argFilename\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta1->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta2->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta2 ) );
+        if ( defined ( $meta1 ) && $meta1->{revision} ne "0" )
+        {
+            print "M retrieving revision $meta1->{revision}\n"
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $meta2 ) && $meta2->{revision} ne "0" )
+        {
+            print "M retrieving revision $meta2->{revision}\n"
+        }
         print "M diff ";
-        foreach my $opt ( keys %{$state->{opt}} )
+        foreach my $opt ( sort keys %{$state->{opt}} )
         {
             if ( ref $state->{opt}{$opt} eq "ARRAY" )
             {
@@ -1752,30 +2134,79 @@ sub req_diff
                 }
             } else {
                 print "-$opt ";
-                print "$state->{opt}{$opt} " if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) );
+                if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) )
+                {
+                    print "$state->{opt}{$opt} "
+                }
             }
         }
-        print "$filename\n";
-
-        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " . ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
-
-        ( $fh, $filediff ) = tempfile ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
-
-        if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
+        print "$argFilename\n";
+
+        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " .
+                   ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
+
+        # TODO: Use --label instead of -L because -L is no longer
+        #  documented and may go away someday.  Not sure if there there are
+        #  versions that only support -L, which would make this change risky?
+        #  http://osdir.com/ml/bug-gnu-utils-gnu/2010-12/msg00060.html
+        #    ("man diff" should actually document the best migration strategy,
+        #  [current behavior, future changes, old compatibility issues
+        #  or lack thereof, etc], not just stop mentioning the option...)
+        # TODO: Real CVS seems to include a date in the label, before
+        #  the revision part, without the keyword "revision".  The following
+        #  has minimal changes compared to original versions of
+        #  git-cvsserver.perl.  (Mostly tab vs space after filename.)
+
+        my (@diffCmd) = ( 'diff' );
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
         {
-            system("diff -u -L '$filename revision 1.$meta1->{revision}' -L '$filename " . ( defined($meta2->{revision}) ? "revision 1.$meta2->{revision}" : "working copy" ) . "' $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
-        } else {
-            system("diff $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
+            push @diffCmd,"-N";
         }
+        if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
+        {
+            push @diffCmd,("-u","-L");
+            if( $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                push @diffCmd,"/dev/null";
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("$argFilename\trevision $meta1->{revision}");
+            }
 
-        while ( <$fh> )
+            if( defined($meta2->{filehash}) )
+            {
+                if( $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+                {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L","/dev/null");
+                } else {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L",
+                                   "$argFilename\trevision $meta2->{revision}");
+                }
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("-L","$argFilename\tworking copy");
+            }
+        }
+        push @diffCmd,($file1,$file2);
+        if(!open(DIFF,"-|",@diffCmd))
         {
-            print "M $_";
+            $log->warn("Unable to run diff: $!");
         }
-        close $fh;
+        my($diffLine);
+        while(defined($diffLine=<DIFF>))
+        {
+            print "M $diffLine";
+            $foundDiff=1;
+        }
+        close(DIFF);
     }
 
-    print "ok\n";
+    if($foundDiff)
+    {
+        print "error  \n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        print "ok\n";
+    }
 }
 
 sub req_log
@@ -1787,22 +2218,19 @@ sub req_log
     $log->debug("req_log : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
     #$log->debug("log state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
-    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /([\d.]+)?(::?)([\d.]+)?/ )
+    my ( $revFilter );
+    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) )
     {
-        my $control = $2;
-        $minrev = $1;
-        $maxrev = $3;
-        $minrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $minrev ) );
-        $maxrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $maxrev ) );
-        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+        $revFilter = $state->{opt}{r};
     }
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we
+    # should be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1812,53 +2240,46 @@ sub req_log
 
         my $headmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
 
-        my $revisions = $updater->getlog($filename);
-        my $totalrevisions = scalar(@$revisions);
-
-        if ( defined ( $minrev ) )
-        {
-            $log->debug("Removing revisions less than $minrev");
-            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[-1]{revision} < $minrev )
-            {
-                pop @$revisions;
-            }
-        }
-        if ( defined ( $maxrev ) )
-        {
-            $log->debug("Removing revisions greater than $maxrev");
-            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[0]{revision} > $maxrev )
-            {
-                shift @$revisions;
-            }
-        }
+        my ($revisions,$totalrevisions) = $updater->getlog($filename,
+                                                           $revFilter);
 
         next unless ( scalar(@$revisions) );
 
         print "M \n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
         print "M Working file: $filename\n";
-        print "M head: 1.$headmeta->{revision}\n";
+        print "M head: $headmeta->{revision}\n";
         print "M branch:\n";
         print "M locks: strict\n";
         print "M access list:\n";
         print "M symbolic names:\n";
         print "M keyword substitution: kv\n";
-        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " . scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
+        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " .
+              scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
         print "M description:\n";
 
         foreach my $revision ( @$revisions )
         {
             print "M ----------------------------\n";
-            print "M revision 1.$revision->{revision}\n";
+            print "M revision $revision->{revision}\n";
             # reformat the date for log output
-            $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s', $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 ) if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) );
+            if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and
+                 defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) )
+            {
+                $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s',
+                                            $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 );
+            }
             $revision->{author} = cvs_author($revision->{author});
-            print "M date: $revision->{modified};  author: $revision->{author};  state: " . ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) . ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
-            my $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
+            print "M date: $revision->{modified};" .
+                  "  author: $revision->{author};  state: " .
+                  ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) .
+                  ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
+            my $commitmessage;
+            $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
             $commitmessage =~ s/^/M /mg;
             print $commitmessage . "\n";
         }
-        print "M =============================================================================\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 70 ) . "\n";
     }
 
     print "ok\n";
@@ -1964,7 +2385,7 @@ sub req_annotate
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{author} = cvs_author($metadata->{$commithash}{author});
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} = sprintf("%02d-%s-%02d", $1, $2, $3) if ( $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} =~ /^(\d+)\s(\w+)\s\d\d(\d\d)/ );
                 }
-                printf("M 1.%-5d      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
+                printf("M %-7s      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{revision},
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{author},
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{modified},
@@ -2005,7 +2426,7 @@ sub argsplit
         $opt = { A => 0, N => 0, P => 0, R => 0, c => 0, f => 0, l => 0, n => 0, p => 0, s => 0, r => 1, D => 1, d => 1, k => 1, j => 1, } if ( $type eq "co" );
         $opt = { v => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "status" );
         $opt = { A => 0, P => 0, C => 0, d => 0, f => 0, l => 0, R => 0, p => 0, k => 1, r => 1, D => 1, j => 1, I => 1, W => 1 } if ( $type eq "update" );
-        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
+        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2, N => 0 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
         $opt = { c => 0, R => 0, l => 0, f => 0, F => 1, m => 1, r => 1 } if ( $type eq "ci" );
         $opt = { k => 1, m => 1 } if ( $type eq "add" );
         $opt = { f => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "remove" );
@@ -2071,74 +2492,346 @@ sub argsplit
     }
 }
 
-# This method uses $state->{directory} to populate $state->{args} with a list of filenames
-sub argsfromdir
+# Used by argsfromdir
+sub expandArg
 {
-    my $updater = shift;
+    my ($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$path,$isDir) = @_;
 
-    $state->{args} = [] if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 and $state->{args}[0] eq "." );
+    my $fullPath = filecleanup($path);
 
-    return if ( scalar ( @{$state->{args}} ) > 1 );
+      # Is it a directory?
+    if( defined($state->{dirMap}{$fullPath}) ||
+        defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) )
+    {
+          # It is a directory in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=1;
 
-    my @gethead = @{$updater->gethead};
+        if(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("Inconsistent file/dir type");
+            die "Inconsistent file/dir type";
+        }
+    }
+    elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+    {
+          # It is a file in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=0;
+    }
+    my($revDirMap,$otherRevDirMap);
+    if(!defined($isDir) || $isDir)
+    {
+          # Resolve version tree for sticky tag:
+          # (for now we only want list of files for the version, not
+          # particular versions of those files: assume it is a directory
+          # for the moment; ignore Entry's stick tag)
+
+          # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+          #    -A       [head]
+          #    -r /tag/
+          #    [file entry sticky tag, but that is only relevant to files]
+          #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [head]
+          # Also, -r may appear twice (for diff).
+          #
+          # FUTURE: When/if -j (merges) are supported, we also
+          #  need to add relevant files from one or two
+          #  versions specified with -j.
+
+        if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap();
+        }
+        elsif( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and
+               ref $state->{opt}{r} eq "ARRAY" )
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[0]);
+            $otherRevDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[1]);
+        }
+        elsif(defined($state->{opt}{r}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r});
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($sticky)=getDirStickyInfo($fullPath);
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($sticky->{tag});
+        }
 
-    # push added files
-    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}}) {
-	if ( exists $state->{entries}{$file}{revision} &&
-		$state->{entries}{$file}{revision} == 0 )
-	{
-	    push @gethead, { name => $file, filehash => 'added' };
-	}
+          # Is it a directory?
+        if( defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}) ||
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            $isDir=1;
+        }
     }
 
-    if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 )
+      # What to do with it?
+    if(!$isDir)
     {
-        my $arg = $state->{args}[0];
-        $arg .= $state->{prependdir} if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) );
+        $outNameMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $outDirMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+
+        if(defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $revDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+        if( defined($otherRevDirMap) &&
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, checking for directory expansion on '$arg'");
+# Used by argsfromdir
+# Add entries from dirMap to outNameMap.  Also recurse into entries
+# that are subdirectories.
+sub addDirMapFiles
+{
+    my($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$dirMap)=@_;
+
+    my($fullName);
+    foreach $fullName (keys(%$dirMap))
+    {
+        my $cleanName=$fullName;
+        if(defined($state->{prependdir}))
+        {
+            if(!($cleanName=~s/^\Q$state->{prependdir}\E//))
+            {
+                $log->fatal("internal error stripping prependdir");
+                die "internal error stripping prependdir";
+            }
+        }
 
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+        if($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "F")
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ /^$arg\// or $file->{name} eq $arg  );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            $outNameMap->{$cleanName}=1;
         }
+        elsif($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "D")
+        {
+            if(!$state->{opt}{l})
+            {
+                expandArg($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$cleanName,1);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error in addDirMapFiles");
+            die "internal error in addDirMapFiles";
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-        shift @{$state->{args}} if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) > 1 );
-    } else {
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, populating file list automatically");
+# This method replaces $state->{args} with a directory-expanded
+# list of all relevant filenames (recursively unless -d), based
+# on $state->{entries}, and the "current" list of files in
+# each directory.  "Current" files as determined by
+# either the requested (-r/-A) or "req_Sticky" version of
+# that directory.
+#    Both the input args and the new output args are relative
+# to the cvs-client's CWD, although some of the internal
+# computations are relative to the top of the project.
+sub argsfromdir
+{
+    my $updater = shift;
+
+    # Notes about requirements for specific callers:
+    #   update # "standard" case (entries; a single -r/-A/default; -l)
+    #          # Special case: -d for create missing directories.
+    #   diff # 0 or 1 -r's: "standard" case.
+    #        # 2 -r's: We could ignore entries (just use the two -r's),
+    #        # but it doesn't really matter.
+    #   annotate # "standard" case
+    #   log # Punting: log -r has a more complex non-"standard"
+    #       # meaning, and we don't currently try to support log'ing
+    #       # branches at all (need a lot of work to
+    #       # support CVS-consistent branch relative version
+    #       # numbering).
+#HERE: But we still want to expand directories.  Maybe we should
+#  essentially force "-A".
+    #   status # "standard", except that -r/-A/default are not possible.
+    #          # Mostly only used to expand entries only)
+    #
+    # Don't use argsfromdir at all:
+    #   add # Explicit arguments required.  Directory args imply add
+    #       # the directory itself, not the files in it.
+    #   co  # Obtain list directly.
+    #   remove # HERE: TEST: MAYBE client does the recursion for us,
+    #          # since it only makes sense to remove stuff already in
+    #          # the sandbox?
+    #   ci # HERE: Similar to remove...
+    #      # Don't try to implement the confusing/weird
+    #      # ci -r bug er.."feature".
+
+    if(scalar(@{$state->{args}})==0)
+    {
+        $state->{args} = [ "." ];
+    }
+    my %allArgs;
+    my %allDirs;
+    for my $file (@{$state->{args}})
+    {
+        expandArg($updater,\%allArgs,\%allDirs,$file);
+    }
 
-        $state->{args} = [];
+    # Include any entries from sandbox.  Generally client won't
+    # send entries that shouldn't be used.
+    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}})
+    {
+        $allArgs{remove_prependdir($file)} = 1;
+    }
 
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+    $state->{dirArgs} = \%allDirs;
+    $state->{args} = [
+        sort {
+                # Sort priority: by directory depth, then actual file name:
+            my @piecesA=split('/',$a);
+            my @piecesB=split('/',$b);
+
+            my $count=scalar(@piecesA);
+            my $tmp=scalar(@piecesB);
+            return $count<=>$tmp if($count!=$tmp);
+
+            for($tmp=0;$tmp<$count;$tmp++)
+            {
+                if($piecesA[$tmp] ne $piecesB[$tmp])
+                {
+                    return $piecesA[$tmp] cmp $piecesB[$tmp]
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        } keys(%allArgs) ];
+}
+
+## look up directory sticky tag, of either fullPath or a parent:
+sub getDirStickyInfo
+{
+    my($fullPath)=@_;
+
+    $fullPath=~s%/+$%%;
+    while($fullPath ne "" && !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}))
+    {
+        $fullPath=~s%/?[^/]*$%%;
+    }
+
+    if( !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) &&
+        ( $fullPath eq "" ||
+          $fullPath eq "." ) )
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{""}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+}
+
+# Resolve precedence of various ways of specifying which version of
+# a file you want.  Returns undef (for default head), or a ref to a hash
+# that contains "tag" and/or "date" keys.
+sub resolveStickyInfo
+{
+    my($filename,$stickyTag,$stickyDate,$reset) = @_;
+
+    # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+    #    -A       [head]
+    #    -r /tag/
+    #    [file entry sticky tag]
+    #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [head]
+
+    my $result;
+    if($reset)
+    {
+        # $result=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($stickyTag) && $stickyTag ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($stickyDate) && $stickyDate ne "" )   # TODO
+    {
+        $result={ 'tag' => (defined($stickyTag)?$stickyTag:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $result={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    elsif( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}) &&
+           defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date}) &&
+           $state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date} ne "" )
+    {
+        my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+        if($tagOrDate=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
+        {
+            $result = { 'tag' => $1 };
+        }
+        elsif($tagOrDate=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
+        {
+            $result= { 'date' => $1 };
+        }
+        else
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ s/^$state->{prependdir}// );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
         }
     }
+    else
+    {
+        $result=getDirStickyInfo($filename);
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+# Convert a stickyInfo (ref to a hash) as returned by resolveStickyInfo into
+# a form appropriate for the sticky tag field of an Entries
+# line (field index 5, 0-based).
+sub getStickyTagOrDate
+{
+    my($stickyInfo)=@_;
+
+    my $result;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}))
+    {
+        $result="T$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+    }
+    # TODO: When/if we actually pick versions by {date} properly,
+    #   also handle it here:
+    #   "D$stickyInfo->{date}" (example: "D2011.04.13.20.37.07").
+    else
+    {
+        $result="";
+    }
+
+    return $result;
 }
 
 # This method cleans up the $state variable after a command that uses arguments has run
 sub statecleanup
 {
     $state->{files} = [];
+    $state->{dirArgs} = {};
     $state->{args} = [];
     $state->{arguments} = [];
     $state->{entries} = {};
+    $state->{dirMap} = {};
 }
 
+# Return working directory CVS revision "1.X" out
+# of the working directory "entries" state, for the given filename.
+# This is prefixed with a dash if the file is scheduled for removal
+# when it is committed.
 sub revparse
 {
     my $filename = shift;
 
-    return undef unless ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) );
-
-    return $1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ );
-    return -$1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^-1\.(\d+)/ );
-
-    return undef;
+    return $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision};
 }
 
 # This method takes a file hash and does a CVS "file transfer".  Its
@@ -2217,6 +2910,9 @@ sub filenamesplit
     return ( $filepart, $dirpart );
 }
 
+# Cleanup various junk in filename (try to canonicalize it), and
+# add prependdir to accommodate running CVS client from a
+# subdirectory (so the output is relative to top directory of the project).
 sub filecleanup
 {
     my $filename = shift;
@@ -2228,11 +2924,36 @@ sub filecleanup
         return undef;
     }
 
+    if($filename eq ".")
+    {
+        $filename="";
+    }
     $filename =~ s/^\.\///g;
+    $filename =~ s%/+%/%g;
     $filename = $state->{prependdir} . $filename;
+    $filename =~ s%/$%%;
     return $filename;
 }
 
+# Remove prependdir from the path, so that it is relative to the directory
+# the CVS client was started from, rather than the top of the project.
+# Essentially the inverse of filecleanup().
+sub remove_prependdir
+{
+    my($path) = @_;
+    if(defined($state->{prependdir}) && $state->{prependdir} ne "")
+    {
+        my($pre)=$state->{prependdir};
+        $pre=~s%/$%%;
+        if(!($path=~s%^\Q$pre\E/?%%))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error missing prependdir");
+            die("internal error missing prependdir");
+        }
+    }
+    return $path;
+}
+
 sub validateGitDir
 {
     if( !defined($state->{CVSROOT}) )
@@ -2444,42 +3165,14 @@ sub kopts_from_path
         }
         elsif( ($cfg->{gitcvs}{allbinary} =~ /^\s*guess\s*$/i) )
         {
-            if( $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" &&
-                !defined($name) )
+            if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
             {
-                my ($ret)=$state->{entries}{$path}{options};
-                if( !defined($ret) )
-                {
-                    $ret=$state->{opt}{k};
-                    if(defined($ret))
-                    {
-                        $ret="-k$ret";
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        $ret="";
-                    }
-                }
-                if( ! ($ret=~/^(|-kb|-kkv|-kkvl|-kk|-ko|-kv)$/) )
-                {
-                    print "E Bad -k option\n";
-                    $log->warn("Bad -k option: $ret");
-                    die "Error: Bad -k option: $ret\n";
-                }
-
-                return $ret;
+                $log->debug("... as binary");
+                return "-kb";
             }
             else
             {
-                if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
-                {
-                    $log->debug("... as binary");
-                    return "-kb";
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    $log->debug("... as text");
-                }
+                $log->debug("... as text");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2586,7 +3279,7 @@ sub open_blob_or_die
             die "Unable to open file $name: $!\n";
         }
     }
-    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" || $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" )
+    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" )
     {
         unless ( defined ( $name ) and $name =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
         {
@@ -2674,6 +3367,45 @@ sub descramble
     return $ret;
 }
 
+# Test if the (deep) values of two references to a hash are the same.
+sub refHashEqual
+{
+    my($v1,$v2) = @_;
+
+    my $out;
+    if(!defined($v1))
+    {
+        if(!defined($v2))
+        {
+            $out=1;
+        }
+    }
+    elsif( !defined($v2) ||
+           scalar(keys(%{$v1})) != scalar(keys(%{$v2})) )
+    {
+        # $out=undef;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $out=1;
+
+        my $key;
+        foreach $key (keys(%{$v1}))
+        {
+            if( !exists($v2->{$key}) ||
+                defined($v1->{$key}) ne defined($v2->{$key}) ||
+                ( defined($v1->{$key}) &&
+                  $v1->{$key} ne $v2->{$key} ) )
+            {
+               $out=undef;
+               last;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $out;
+}
+
 
 package GITCVS::log;
 
@@ -2894,6 +3626,9 @@ sub new
 
     die "Git repo '$self->{git_path}' doesn't exist" unless ( -d $self->{git_path} );
 
+    # Stores full sha1's for various branch/tag names, abbreviations, etc:
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+
     $self->{dbdriver} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbdriver} ||
         $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbdriver} || "SQLite";
     $self->{dbname} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbname} ||
@@ -2929,6 +3664,16 @@ sub new
     }
 
     # Construct the revision table if required
+    # The revision table stores an entry for each file, each time that file
+    # changes.
+    #   numberOfRecords = O( numCommits * averageNumChangedFilesPerCommit )
+    # This is not sufficient to support "-r {commithash}" for any
+    # files except files that were modified by that commit (also,
+    # some places in the code ignore/effectively strip out -r in
+    # some cases, before it gets passed to getmeta()).
+    # The "filehash" field typically has a git blob hash, but can also
+    # be set to "dead" to indicate that the given version of the file
+    # should not exist in the sandbox.
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("revision")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
@@ -2956,6 +3701,15 @@ sub new
     }
 
     # Construct the head table if required
+    # The head table (along with the "last_commit" entry in the property
+    # table) is the persisted working state of the "sub update" subroutine.
+    # All of it's data is read entirely first, and completely recreated
+    # last, every time "sub update" runs.
+    # This is also used by "sub getmeta" when it is asked for the latest
+    # version of a file (as opposed to some specific version).
+    # Another way of thinking about it is as a single slice out of
+    # "revisions", giving just the most recent revision information for
+    # each file.
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("head")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
@@ -2978,6 +3732,7 @@ sub new
     }
 
     # Construct the properties table if required
+    #  - "last_commit" - Used by "sub update".
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("properties")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("properties");
@@ -2990,6 +3745,11 @@ sub new
     }
 
     # Construct the commitmsgs table if required
+    # The commitmsgs table is only used for merge commits, since
+    # "sub update" will only keep one branch of parents.  Shortlogs
+    # for ignored commits (i.e. not on the chosen branch) will be used
+    # to construct a replacement "collapsed" merge commit message,
+    # which will be stored in this table.  See also "sub commitmessage".
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("commitmsgs")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("commitmsgs");
@@ -3021,6 +3781,14 @@ sub tablename
 
 =head2 update
 
+Bring the database up to date with the latest changes from
+the git repository.
+
+Internal working state is read out of the "head" table and the
+"last_commit" property, then it updates "revisions" based on that, and
+finally it writes the new internal state back to the "head" table
+so it can be used as a starting point the next time update is called.
+
 =cut
 sub update
 {
@@ -3043,6 +3811,8 @@ sub update
     my $lastcommit = $self->_get_prop("last_commit");
 
     if (defined $lastcommit && $lastcommit eq $commitsha1) { # up-to-date
+         # invalidate the gethead cache
+         $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
          return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3060,45 +3830,10 @@ sub update
         push @git_log_params, $self->{module};
     }
     # git-rev-list is the backend / plumbing version of git-log
-    open(GITLOG, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params) or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
-
-    my @commits;
-
-    my %commit = ();
-
-    while ( <GITLOG> )
-    {
-        chomp;
-        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
-            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
-            # and prime things for the next one
-            if (keys %commit) {
-                my %copy = %commit;
-                unshift @commits, \%copy;
-                %commit = ();
-            }
-            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
-            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
-            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
-        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
-            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
-            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
-            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
-        } else {
-            # message lines - skip initial empty line
-            # and trim whitespace
-            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
-                # define it to mark the end of headers
-                $commit{message} = '';
-                next;
-            }
-            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
-            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
-        }
-    }
-    close GITLOG;
-
-    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
 
     # Now all the commits are in the @commits bucket
     # ordered by time DESC. for each commit that needs processing,
@@ -3116,7 +3851,7 @@ sub update
     my $commitcount = 0;
 
     # Load the head table into $head (for cached lookups during the update process)
-    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead()} )
+    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead(1)} )
     {
         $head->{$file->{name}} = $file;
     }
@@ -3134,17 +3869,18 @@ sub update
                 next;
             } elsif (@{$commit->{parents}} > 1) {
                 # it is a merge commit, for each parent that is
-                # not $lastpicked, see if we can get a log
+                # not $lastpicked (not given a CVS revision number),
+                # see if we can get a log
                 # from the merge-base to that parent to put it
                 # in the message as a merge summary.
                 my @parents = @{$commit->{parents}};
                 foreach my $parent (@parents) {
-                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
-                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
-                    # that the first one is the best one.
                     if ($parent eq $lastpicked) {
                         next;
                     }
+                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
+                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
+                    # that the first one is the best one.
 		    my $base = eval {
 			    safe_pipe_capture('git', 'merge-base',
 						 $lastpicked, $parent);
@@ -3196,7 +3932,7 @@ sub update
         }
 
         # convert the date to CVS-happy format
-        $commit->{date} = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5" if ( $commit->{date} =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ );
+        my $cvsDate = convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
 
         if ( defined ( $lastpicked ) )
         {
@@ -3205,7 +3941,7 @@ sub update
             while ( <FILELIST> )
             {
 		chomp;
-                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+\d{3}(\d)\d{2}\s+[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
+                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+([0-7]{6})\s+[a-f0-9]{40}\s+([a-f0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
                 {
                     die("Couldn't process git-diff-tree line : $_");
                 }
@@ -3215,11 +3951,7 @@ sub update
 
                 # $log->debug("File mode=$mode, hash=$hash, change=$change, name=$name");
 
-                my $git_perms = "";
-                $git_perms .= "r" if ( $mode & 4 );
-                $git_perms .= "w" if ( $mode & 2 );
-                $git_perms .= "x" if ( $mode & 1 );
-                $git_perms = "rw" if ( $git_perms eq "" );
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 if ( $change eq "D" )
                 {
@@ -3229,11 +3961,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => "deleted",
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "M" || $change eq "T" )
                 {
@@ -3243,11 +3975,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "A" )
                 {
@@ -3257,11 +3989,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} ? $head->{$name}{revision}+1 : 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -3284,7 +4016,7 @@ sub update
                     die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
                 }
 
-                my ( $git_perms, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+                my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
 
                 $seen_files->{$git_filename} = 1;
 
@@ -3294,18 +4026,10 @@ sub update
                     $head->{$git_filename}{mode}
                 );
 
-                if ( $git_perms =~ /^\d\d\d(\d)\d\d/o )
-                {
-                    $git_perms = "";
-                    $git_perms .= "r" if ( $1 & 4 );
-                    $git_perms .= "w" if ( $1 & 2 );
-                    $git_perms .= "x" if ( $1 & 1 );
-                } else {
-                    $git_perms = "rw";
-                }
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 # unless the file exists with the same hash, we need to update it ...
-                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $git_perms )
+                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $dbMode )
                 {
                     my $newrevision = ( $oldrevision or 0 ) + 1;
 
@@ -3314,29 +4038,29 @@ sub update
                         revision => $newrevision,
                         filehash => $git_hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
 
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
             }
             close FILELIST;
 
             # Detect deleted files
-            foreach my $file ( keys %$head )
+            foreach my $file ( sort keys %$head )
             {
                 unless ( exists $seen_files->{$file} or $head->{$file}{filehash} eq "deleted" )
                 {
                     $head->{$file}{revision}++;
                     $head->{$file}{filehash} = "deleted";
                     $head->{$file}{commithash} = $commit->{hash};
-                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $commit->{date};
+                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $cvsDate;
                     $head->{$file}{author} = $commit->{author};
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
+                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
                 }
             }
             # END : "Detect deleted files"
@@ -3354,7 +4078,7 @@ sub update
     }
 
     $self->delete_head();
-    foreach my $file ( keys %$head )
+    foreach my $file ( sort keys %$head )
     {
         $self->insert_head(
             $file,
@@ -3367,13 +4091,94 @@ sub update
         );
     }
     # invalidate the gethead cache
-    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
+    $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
 
 
     # Ending exclusive lock here
     $self->{dbh}->commit() or die "Failed to commit changes to SQLite";
 }
 
+sub readCommits
+{
+    my $pipeHandle = shift;
+    my @commits;
+
+    my %commit = ();
+
+    while ( <$pipeHandle> )
+    {
+        chomp;
+        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
+            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
+            # and prime things for the next one
+            if (keys %commit) {
+                my %copy = %commit;
+                unshift @commits, \%copy;
+                %commit = ();
+            }
+            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
+            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
+            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
+        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
+            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
+            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
+            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
+        } else {
+            # message lines - skip initial empty line
+            # and trim whitespace
+            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
+                # define it to mark the end of headers
+                $commit{message} = '';
+                next;
+            }
+            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
+            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+
+    return @commits;
+}
+
+sub convertToCvsDate
+{
+    my $date = shift;
+    # Convert from: "git rev-list --pretty" formatted date
+    # Convert to: "the format specified by RFC822 as modified by RFC1123."
+    # Example: 26 May 1997 13:01:40 -0400
+    if( $date =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ )
+    {
+        $date = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5";
+    }
+
+    return $date;
+}
+
+sub convertToDbMode
+{
+    my $mode = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: The CVS protocol uses a string similar "u=rw,g=rw,o=rw",
+    #  but the database "mode" column historically (and currently)
+    #  only stores the "rw" (for user) part of the string.
+    #    FUTURE: It might make more sense to persist the raw
+    #  octal mode (or perhaps the final full CVS form) instead of
+    #  this half-converted form, but it isn't currently worth the
+    #  backwards compatibility headaches.
+
+    $mode=~/^\d{3}(\d)\d\d$/;
+    my $userBits=$1;
+
+    my $dbMode = "";
+    $dbMode .= "r" if ( $userBits & 4 );
+    $dbMode .= "w" if ( $userBits & 2 );
+    $dbMode .= "x" if ( $userBits & 1 );
+    $dbMode = "rw" if ( $dbMode eq "" );
+
+    return $dbMode;
+}
+
 sub insert_rev
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3426,19 +4231,6 @@ sub insert_head
     $insert_head->execute($name, $revision, $filehash, $commithash, $modified, $author, $mode);
 }
 
-sub _headrev
-{
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $filename = shift;
-    my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
-
-    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT filehash, revision, mode FROM $tablename WHERE name=?",{},1);
-    $db_query->execute($filename);
-    my ( $hash, $revision, $mode ) = $db_query->fetchrow_array;
-
-    return ( $hash, $revision, $mode );
-}
-
 sub _get_prop
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3478,6 +4270,7 @@ sub _set_prop
 sub gethead
 {
     my $self = shift;
+    my $intRev = shift;
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
 
     return $self->{gethead_cache} if ( defined ( $self->{gethead_cache} ) );
@@ -3488,6 +4281,10 @@ sub gethead
     my $tree = [];
     while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
     {
+        if(!$intRev)
+        {
+            $file->{revision} = "1.$file->{revision}"
+        }
         push @$tree, $file;
     }
 
@@ -3496,26 +4293,222 @@ sub gethead
     return $tree;
 }
 
+=head2 getAnyHead
+
+Returns a reference to an array of getmeta structures, one
+per file in the specified tree hash.
+
+=cut
+
+sub getAnyHead
+{
+    my ($self,$hash) = @_;
+
+    if(!defined($hash))
+    {
+        return $self->gethead();
+    }
+
+    my @files;
+    {
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        @files=<$filePipe>;
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+    my $tree=[];
+    my($line);
+    foreach $line (@files)
+    {
+        $line=~s/\0$//;
+        unless ( $line=~/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+        {
+            die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+        }
+
+        my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+        push @$tree, $self->getMetaFromCommithash($git_filename,$hash);
+    }
+
+    return $tree;
+}
+
+=head2 getRevisionDirMap
+
+A "revision dir map" contains all the plain-file filenames associated
+with a particular revision (tree-ish), organized by directory:
+
+  $type = $out->{$dir}{$fullName}
+
+The type of each is "F" (for ordinary file) or "D" (for directory,
+for which the map $out->{$fullName} will also exist).
+
+=cut
+
+sub getRevisionDirMap
+{
+    my ($self,$ver)=@_;
+
+    if(!defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}))
+    {
+        $self->{revisionDirMapCache}={};
+    }
+
+        # Get file list (previously cached results are dependent on HEAD,
+        # but are early in each case):
+    my $cacheKey;
+    my (@fileList);
+    if( !defined($ver) || $ver eq "" )
+    {
+        $cacheKey="";
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        my @head = @{$self->gethead()};
+        foreach my $file ( @head )
+        {
+            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
+
+            push @fileList,$file->{name};
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        my ($hash)=$self->lookupCommitRef($ver);
+        if( !defined($hash) )
+        {
+            return undef;
+        }
+
+        $cacheKey=$hash;
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        while ( <$filePipe> )
+        {
+            chomp;
+            unless ( /^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+            {
+                die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+            }
+
+            my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+
+            push @fileList, $git_filename;
+        }
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+        # Convert to normalized form:
+    my %revMap;
+    my $file;
+    foreach $file (@fileList)
+    {
+        my($dir) = ($file=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+        $dir='' if(!defined($dir));
+
+            # parent directories:
+            # ... create empty dir maps for parent dirs:
+        my($td)=$dir;
+        while(!defined($revMap{$td}))
+        {
+            $revMap{$td}={};
+
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+            # ... add children to parent maps (now that they exist):
+        $td=$dir;
+        while($td ne "")
+        {
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+
+            if(defined($revMap{$tp}{$td}))
+            {
+                if($revMap{$tp}{$td} ne 'D')
+                {
+                    die "Weird file/directory inconsistency in $cacheKey";
+                }
+                last;   # loop exit
+            }
+            $revMap{$tp}{$td}='D';
+
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+
+            # file
+        $revMap{$dir}{$file}='F';
+    }
+
+        # Save in cache:
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}=\%revMap;
+    return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+}
+
 =head2 getlog
 
+See also gethistorydense().
+
 =cut
 
 sub getlog
 {
     my $self = shift;
     my $filename = shift;
+    my $revFilter = shift;
+
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
 
+    # Filters:
+    # TODO: date, state, or by specific logins filters?
+    # TODO: Handle comma-separated list of revFilter items, each item
+    #   can be a range [only case currently handled] or individual
+    #   rev or branch or "branch.".
+    # TODO: Adjust $db_query WHERE clause based on revFilter, instead of
+    #   manually filtering the results of the query?
+    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
+    if( defined($revFilter) and
+        $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^(1.(\d+))?(::?)(1.(\d.+))?$/ )
+    {
+        my $control = $3;
+        $minrev = $2;
+        $maxrev = $5;
+        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+    }
+
     my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT name, filehash, author, mode, revision, modified, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
     $db_query->execute($filename);
 
+    my $totalRevs=0;
     my $tree = [];
     while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
     {
+        $totalRevs++;
+        if( defined($minrev) and $file->{revision} < $minrev )
+        {
+            next;
+        }
+        if( defined($maxrev) and $file->{revision} > $maxrev )
+        {
+            next;
+        }
+
+        $file->{revision} = "1." . $file->{revision};
         push @$tree, $file;
     }
 
-    return $tree;
+    return ($tree,$totalRevs);
 }
 
 =head2 getmeta
@@ -3523,6 +4516,19 @@ sub getlog
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns a hashref of
 metadata for that file.
 
+There are several ways $revision can be specified:
+
+   - A reference to hash that contains a "tag" that is the
+     actual revision (one of the below).  TODO: Also allow it to
+     specify a "date" in the hash.
+   - undef, to refer to the latest version on the main branch.
+   - Full CVS client revision number (mapped to integer in DB, without the
+     "1." prefix),
+   - Complex CVS-compatible "special" revision number for
+     non-linear history (see comment below)
+   - git commit sha1 hash
+   - branch or tag name
+
 =cut
 
 sub getmeta
@@ -3533,22 +4539,347 @@ sub getmeta
     my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
     my $tablename_head = $self->tablename("head");
 
-    my $db_query;
-    if ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^\d+$/ )
+    if ( ref($revision) eq "HASH" )
     {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+        $revision = $revision->{tag};
     }
-    elsif ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
+
+    # Overview of CVS revision numbers:
+    #
+    # General CVS numbering scheme:
+    #   - Basic mainline branch numbers: "1.1", "1.2", "1.3", etc.
+    #   - Result of "cvs checkin -r" (possible, but not really
+    #     recommended): "2.1", "2.2", etc
+    #   - Branch tag: "1.2.0.n", where "1.2" is revision it was branched
+    #     from, "0" is a magic placeholder that identifies it as a
+    #     branch tag instead of a version tag, and n is 2 times the
+    #     branch number off of "1.2", starting with "2".
+    #   - Version on a branch: "1.2.n.x", where "1.2" is branch-from, "n"
+    #     is branch number off of "1.2" (like n above), and "x" is
+    #     the version number on the branch.
+    #   - Branches can branch off of branches: "1.3.2.7.4.1" (even number
+    #     of components).
+    #   - Odd "n"s are used by "vendor branches" that result
+    #     from "cvs import".  Vendor branches have additional
+    #     strangeness in the sense that the main rcs "head" of the main
+    #     branch will (temporarily until first normal commit) point
+    #     to the version on the vendor branch, rather than the actual
+    #     main branch.  (FUTURE: This may provide an opportunity
+    #     to use "strange" revision numbers for fast-forward-merged
+    #     branch tip when CVS client is asking for the main branch.)
+    #
+    # git-cvsserver CVS-compatible special numbering schemes:
+    #   - Currently git-cvsserver only tries to be identical to CVS for
+    #     simple "1.x" numbers on the "main" branch (as identified
+    #     by the module name that was originally cvs checkout'ed).
+    #   - The database only stores the "x" part, for historical reasons.
+    #     But most of the rest of the cvsserver preserves
+    #     and thinks using the full revision number.
+    #   - To handle non-linear history, it uses a version of the form
+    #     "2.1.1.2000.b.b.b."..., where the 2.1.1.2000 is to help uniquely
+    #     identify this as a special revision number, and there are
+    #     20 b's that together encode the sha1 git commit from which
+    #     this version of this file originated.  Each b is
+    #     the numerical value of the corresponding byte plus
+    #     100.
+    #      - "plus 100" avoids "0"s, and also reduces the
+    #        likelihood of a collision in the case that someone someday
+    #        writes an import tool that tries to preserve original
+    #        CVS revision numbers, and the original CVS data had done
+    #        lots of branches off of branches and other strangeness to
+    #        end up with a real version number that just happens to look
+    #        like this special revision number form.  Also, if needed
+    #        there are several ways to extend/identify alternative encodings
+    #        within the "2.1.1.2000" part if necessary.
+    #      - Unlike real CVS revisions, you can't really reconstruct what
+    #        relation a revision of this form has to other revisions.
+    #   - FUTURE: TODO: Rework database somehow to make up and remember
+    #     fully-CVS-compatible branches and branch version numbers.
+
+    my $meta;
+    if ( defined($revision) )
     {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
-    } else {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
+        if ( $revision =~ /^1\.(\d+)$/ )
+        {
+            my ($intRev) = $1;
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $intRev);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^2\.1\.1\.2000(\.[1-3][0-9][0-9]){20}$/ )
+        {
+            my ($commitHash)=($revision=~/^2\.1\.1\.2000(.*)$/);
+            $commitHash=~s/\.([0-9]+)/sprintf("%02x",$1-100)/eg;
+            if($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$commitHash);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision or commit=$commitHash\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision with commithash=$commitHash");
+            undef $revision;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/ )
+        {
+            # Try DB first.  This is mostly only useful for req_annotate(),
+            # which only calls this for stuff that should already be in
+            # the DB.  It is fairly likely to be a waste of time
+            # in most other cases [unless the file happened to be
+            # modified in $revision specifically], but
+            # it is probably in the noise compared to how long
+            # getMetaFromCommithash() will take.
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+
+            if(! $meta)
+            {
+                my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+                if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+                {
+                    return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+                }
+
+                # error recovery: nothing found:
+                print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+                $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+                return $meta;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+            if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+            undef $revision;  # Allow fallback
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!defined($revision))
+    {
+        my $db_query;
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
         $db_query->execute($filename);
+        $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    }
+
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+    }
+    return $meta;
+}
+
+sub getMetaFromCommithash
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $revCommit = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: This function doesn't scale well (lots of forks), especially
+    #   if you have many files that have not been modified for many commits
+    #   (each git-rev-parse redoes a lot of work for each file
+    #   that theoretically could be done in parallel by smarter
+    #   graph traversal).
+    #
+    # TODO: Possible optimization strategies:
+    #   - Solve the issue of assigning and remembering "real" CVS
+    #     revision numbers for branches, and ensure the
+    #     data structure can do this efficiently.  Perhaps something
+    #     similar to "git notes", and carefully structured to take
+    #     advantage same-sha1-is-same-contents, to roll the same
+    #     unmodified subdirectory data onto multiple commits?
+    #   - Write and use a C tool that is like git-blame, but
+    #     operates on multiple files with file granularity, instead
+    #     of one file with line granularity.  Cache
+    #     most-recently-modified in $self->{commitRefCache}{$revCommit}.
+    #     Try to be intelligent about how many files we do with
+    #     one fork (perhaps one directory at a time, without recursion,
+    #     and/or include directory as one line item, recurse from here
+    #     instead of in C tool?).
+    #   - Perhaps we could ask the DB for (filename,fileHash),
+    #     and just guess that it is correct (that the file hadn't
+    #     changed between $revCommit and the found commit, then
+    #     changed back, confusing anything trying to interpret
+    #     history).  Probably need to add another index to revisions
+    #     DB table for this.
+    #   - NOTE: Trying to store all (commit,file) keys in DB [to
+    #     find "lastModfiedCommit] (instead of
+    #     just files that changed in each commit as we do now) is
+    #     probably not practical from a disk space perspective.
+
+        # Does the file exist in $revCommit?
+    # TODO: Include file hash in dirmap cache.
+    my($dirMap)=$self->getRevisionDirMap($revCommit);
+    my($dir,$file)=($filename=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*$)%);
+    if(!defined($dir))
+    {
+        $dir="";
+    }
+    if( !defined($dirMap->{$dir}) ||
+        !defined($dirMap->{$dir}{$filename}) )
+    {
+        my($fileHash)="deleted";
+
+        my($retVal)={};
+        $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+        $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+
+            # not needed and difficult to compute:
+        $retVal->{revision}="0";  # $revision;
+        $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+        #$retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+        #$retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+        #$retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+        return $retVal;
+    }
+
+    my($fileHash)=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","$revCommit:$filename");
+    chomp $fileHash;
+    if(!($fileHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        die "Invalid fileHash '$fileHash' looking up"
+                    ." '$revCommit:$filename'\n";
+    }
+
+    # information about most recent commit to modify $filename:
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list',
+         '--max-count=1', '--pretty', '--parents',
+         $revCommit, '--', $filename)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
+    if(scalar(@commits)!=1)
+    {
+        die "Can't find most recent commit changing $filename\n";
+    }
+    my($commit)=$commits[0];
+    if( !defined($commit) || !defined($commit->{hash}) )
+    {
+        return undef;
+    }
+
+    # does this (commit,file) have a real assigned CVS revision number?
+    my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
+    my $db_query;
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+        "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+        {},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename, $commit->{hash});
+    my($meta)=$db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+        return $meta;
+    }
+
+    # fall back on special revision number
+    my($revision)=$commit->{hash};
+    $revision=~s/(..)/'.' . (hex($1)+100)/eg;
+    $revision="2.1.1.2000$revision";
+
+    # meta data about $filename:
+    open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z',
+                $commit->{hash}, '--', $filename)
+            or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+    local $/ = "\0";
+    my $line;
+    $line=<$filePipe>;
+    if(defined(<$filePipe>))
+    {
+        die "Expected only a single file for git-ls-tree $filename\n";
+    }
+    close $filePipe;
+
+    chomp $line;
+    unless ( $line=~m/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+    {
+        die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $line\n");
+    }
+    my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+
+    # save result:
+    my($retVal)={};
+    $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+    $retVal->{revision}=$revision;
+    $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+    $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+    $retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+    $retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+    $retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+    return $retVal;
+}
+
+=head2 lookupCommitRef
+
+Convert tag/branch/abbreviation/etc into a commit sha1 hash.  Caches
+the result so looking it up again is fast.
+
+=cut
+
+sub lookupCommitRef
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $ref = shift;
+
+    my $commitHash = $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref};
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        return $commitHash;
     }
 
-    return $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    $commitHash=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","--verify","--quiet",
+                                  $self->unescapeRefName($ref));
+    $commitHash=~s/\s*$//;
+    if(!($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        $commitHash=undef;
+    }
+
+    if( defined($commitHash) )
+    {
+        my $type=safe_pipe_capture("git","cat-file","-t",$commitHash);
+        if( ! ($type=~/^commit\s*$/ ) )
+        {
+            $commitHash=undef;
+        }
+    }
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref}=$commitHash;
+    }
+    return $commitHash;
+}
+
+=head2 clearCommitRefCaches
+
+Clears cached commit cache (sha1's for various tags/abbeviations/etc),
+and related caches.
+
+=cut
+
+sub clearCommitRefCaches
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache} = undef;
+    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
 }
 
 =head2 commitmessage
@@ -3583,46 +4914,128 @@ sub commitmessage
     return $message;
 }
 
-=head2 gethistory
+=head2 gethistorydense
 
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
-containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending
+containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending.
+
+This version of gethistory skips deleted entries -- so it is useful for annotate.
+The 'dense' part is a reference to a '--dense' option available for git-rev-list
+and other git tools that depend on it.
+
+See also getlog().
 
 =cut
-sub gethistory
+sub gethistorydense
 {
     my $self = shift;
     my $filename = shift;
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
 
     my $db_query;
-    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? AND filehash!='deleted' ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
     $db_query->execute($filename);
 
-    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+    my $result = $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+
+    my $i;
+    for($i=0 ; $i<scalar(@$result) ; $i++)
+    {
+        $result->[$i][0]="1." . $result->[$i][0];
+    }
+
+    return $result;
 }
 
-=head2 gethistorydense
+=head2 escapeRefName
 
-This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
-containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending.
+Apply an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
 
-This version of gethistory skips deleted entries -- so it is useful for annotate.
-The 'dense' part is a reference to a '--dense' option available for git-rev-list
-and other git tools that depend on it.
+=cut
+sub escapeRefName
+{
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
+
+    # CVS officially only allows [-_A-Za-z0-9] in tag names (or in
+    # many contexts it can also be a CVS revision number).
+    #
+    # Git tags commonly use '/' and '.' as well, but also handle
+    # anything else just in case:
+    #
+    #   = "_-s-"  For '/'.
+    #   = "_-p-"  For '.'.
+    #   = "_-u-"  For underscore, in case someone wants a literal "_-" in
+    #     a tag name.
+    #   = "_-xx-" Where "xx" is the hexadecimal representation of the
+    #     desired ASCII character byte. (for anything else)
+
+    if(! $refName=~/^[1-9][0-9]*(\.[1-9][0-9]*)*$/)
+    {
+        $refName=~s/_-/_-u--/g;
+        $refName=~s/\./_-p-/g;
+        $refName=~s%/%_-s-%g;
+        $refName=~s/[^-_a-zA-Z0-9]/sprintf("_-%02x-",$1)/eg;
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 unescapeRefName
+
+Undo an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
 
 =cut
-sub gethistorydense
+sub unescapeRefName
 {
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $filename = shift;
-    my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
 
-    my $db_query;
-    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? AND filehash!='deleted' ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
-    $db_query->execute($filename);
+    # see escapeRefName() for description of escape mechanism.
+
+    $refName=~s/_-([spu]|[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])-/unescapeRefNameChar($1)/eg;
+
+    # allowed tag names
+    # TODO: Perhaps use git check-ref-format, with an in-process cache of
+    #  validated names?
+    if( !( $refName=~m%^[^-][-a-zA-Z0-9_/.]*$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%[/.]$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~/\.lock$/ ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%\.\.|/\.|[[\\:?*~]|\@\{% ) )  # matching }
+    {
+        # Error:
+        $log->warn("illegal refName: $refName");
+        $refName=undef;
+    }
+    return $refName;
+}
+
+sub unescapeRefNameChar
+{
+    my($char)=@_;
+
+    if($char eq "s")
+    {
+        $char="/";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "p")
+    {
+        $char=".";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "u")
+    {
+        $char="_";
+    }
+    elsif($char=~/^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]$/)
+    {
+        $char=chr(hex($char));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        # Error case: Maybe it has come straight from user, and
+        # wasn't supposed to be escaped?  Restore it the way we got it:
+        $char="_-$char-";
+    }
 
-    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+    return $char;
 }
 
 =head2 in_array()
diff --git a/git-difftool--helper.sh b/git-difftool--helper.sh
index e6558d1010..84d6cc021c 100755
--- a/git-difftool--helper.sh
+++ b/git-difftool--helper.sh
@@ -40,15 +40,17 @@ launch_merge_tool () {
 	# the user with the real $MERGED name before launching $merge_tool.
 	if should_prompt
 	then
-		printf "\nViewing: '$MERGED'\n"
+		printf "\nViewing (%s/%s): '%s'\n" "$GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER" \
+			"$GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL" "$MERGED"
 		if use_ext_cmd
 		then
-			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]: " \
+			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]? " \
 				"$GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD"
 		else
-			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]: " "$merge_tool"
+			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]? " "$merge_tool"
 		fi
-		if read ans && test "$ans" = n
+		read ans || return
+		if test "$ans" = n
 		then
 			return
 		fi
@@ -73,9 +75,24 @@ then
 	fi
 fi
 
-# Launch the merge tool on each path provided by 'git diff'
-while test $# -gt 6
-do
-	launch_merge_tool "$1" "$2" "$5"
-	shift 7
-done
+if test -n "$GIT_DIFFTOOL_DIRDIFF"
+then
+	LOCAL="$1"
+	REMOTE="$2"
+	run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" false
+else
+	# Launch the merge tool on each path provided by 'git diff'
+	while test $# -gt 6
+	do
+		launch_merge_tool "$1" "$2" "$5"
+		status=$?
+		if test "$status" != 0 &&
+			test "$GIT_DIFFTOOL_TRUST_EXIT_CODE" = true
+		then
+			exit $status
+		fi
+		shift 7
+	done
+fi
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/git-difftool.perl b/git-difftool.perl
index 09b65f1770..ebd13baa6e 100755
--- a/git-difftool.perl
+++ b/git-difftool.perl
@@ -1,121 +1,502 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#!/usr/bin/perl
 # Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Tim Henigan
 #
 # This is a wrapper around the GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF-compatible
 # git-difftool--helper script.
 #
 # This script exports GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and GIT_PAGER for use by git.
-# GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT, GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT, and GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-# are exported for use by git-difftool--helper.
+# The GIT_DIFF* variables are exported for use by git-difftool--helper.
 #
 # Any arguments that are unknown to this script are forwarded to 'git diff'.
 
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use Cwd qw(abs_path);
+use Error qw(:try);
 use File::Basename qw(dirname);
-
-require Git;
-
-my $DIR = abs_path(dirname($0));
-
+use File::Copy;
+use File::Find;
+use File::stat;
+use File::Path qw(mkpath rmtree);
+use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
+use Getopt::Long qw(:config pass_through);
+use Git;
 
 sub usage
 {
+	my $exitcode = shift;
 	print << 'USAGE';
-usage: git difftool [-t|--tool=<tool>] [-x|--extcmd=<cmd>]
-                    [-y|--no-prompt]   [-g|--gui]
+usage: git difftool [-t|--tool=<tool>] [--tool-help]
+                    [-x|--extcmd=<cmd>]
+                    [-g|--gui] [--no-gui]
+                    [--prompt] [-y|--no-prompt]
+                    [-d|--dir-diff]
                     ['git diff' options]
 USAGE
-	exit 1;
+	exit($exitcode);
 }
 
-sub setup_environment
+sub find_worktree
 {
-	$ENV{PATH} = "$DIR:$ENV{PATH}";
-	$ENV{GIT_PAGER} = '';
-	$ENV{GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF} = 'git-difftool--helper';
+	# Git->repository->wc_path() does not honor changes to the working
+	# tree location made by $ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} or the 'core.worktree'
+	# config variable.
+	return Git::command_oneline('rev-parse', '--show-toplevel');
+}
+
+sub print_tool_help
+{
+	# See the comment at the bottom of file_diff() for the reason behind
+	# using system() followed by exit() instead of exec().
+	my $rc = system(qw(git mergetool --tool-help=diff));
+	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
 }
 
-sub exe
+sub exit_cleanup
 {
-	my $exe = shift;
-	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'msys') {
-		return "$exe.exe";
+	my ($tmpdir, $status) = @_;
+	my $errno = $!;
+	rmtree($tmpdir);
+	if ($status and $errno) {
+		my ($package, $file, $line) = caller();
+		warn "$file line $line: $errno\n";
 	}
-	return $exe;
+	exit($status | ($status >> 8));
 }
 
-sub generate_command
+sub use_wt_file
 {
-	my @command = (exe('git'), 'diff');
-	my $skip_next = 0;
-	my $idx = -1;
-	my $prompt = '';
-	for my $arg (@ARGV) {
-		$idx++;
-		if ($skip_next) {
-			$skip_next = 0;
-			next;
+	my ($repo, $workdir, $file, $sha1) = @_;
+	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
+
+	if (-l "$workdir/$file" || ! -e _) {
+		return (0, $null_sha1);
+	}
+
+	my $wt_sha1 = $repo->command_oneline('hash-object', "$workdir/$file");
+	my $use = ($sha1 eq $null_sha1) || ($sha1 eq $wt_sha1);
+	return ($use, $wt_sha1);
+}
+
+sub changed_files
+{
+	my ($repo_path, $index, $worktree) = @_;
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $index;
+	$ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} = $worktree;
+	my $must_unset_git_dir = 0;
+	if (not defined($ENV{GIT_DIR})) {
+		$must_unset_git_dir = 1;
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $repo_path;
+	}
+
+	my @refreshargs = qw/update-index --really-refresh -q --unmerged/;
+	my @gitargs = qw/diff-files --name-only -z/;
+	try {
+		Git::command_oneline(@refreshargs);
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {};
+
+	my $line = Git::command_oneline(@gitargs);
+	my @files;
+	if (defined $line) {
+		@files = split('\0', $line);
+	} else {
+		@files = ();
+	}
+
+	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
+
+	return map { $_ => 1 } @files;
+}
+
+sub setup_dir_diff
+{
+	my ($repo, $workdir, $symlinks) = @_;
+
+	# Run the diff; exit immediately if no diff found
+	# 'Repository' and 'WorkingCopy' must be explicitly set to insure that
+	# if $GIT_DIR and $GIT_WORK_TREE are set in ENV, they are actually used
+	# by Git->repository->command*.
+	my $repo_path = $repo->repo_path();
+	my %repo_args = (Repository => $repo_path, WorkingCopy => $workdir);
+	my $diffrepo = Git->repository(%repo_args);
+
+	my @gitargs = ('diff', '--raw', '--no-abbrev', '-z', @ARGV);
+	my $diffrtn = $diffrepo->command_oneline(@gitargs);
+	exit(0) unless defined($diffrtn);
+
+	# Build index info for left and right sides of the diff
+	my $submodule_mode = '160000';
+	my $symlink_mode = '120000';
+	my $null_mode = '0' x 6;
+	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
+	my $lindex = '';
+	my $rindex = '';
+	my $wtindex = '';
+	my %submodule;
+	my %symlink;
+	my @working_tree = ();
+	my %working_tree_dups = ();
+	my @rawdiff = split('\0', $diffrtn);
+
+	my $i = 0;
+	while ($i < $#rawdiff) {
+		if ($rawdiff[$i] =~ /^::/) {
+			warn << 'EOF';
+Combined diff formats ('-c' and '--cc') are not supported in
+directory diff mode ('-d' and '--dir-diff').
+EOF
+			exit(1);
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-t' || $arg eq '--tool') {
-			usage() if $#ARGV <= $idx;
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $ARGV[$idx + 1];
-			$skip_next = 1;
-			next;
+
+		my ($lmode, $rmode, $lsha1, $rsha1, $status) =
+			split(' ', substr($rawdiff[$i], 1));
+		my $src_path = $rawdiff[$i + 1];
+		my $dst_path;
+
+		if ($status =~ /^[CR]/) {
+			$dst_path = $rawdiff[$i + 2];
+			$i += 3;
+		} else {
+			$dst_path = $src_path;
+			$i += 2;
 		}
-		if ($arg =~ /^--tool=/) {
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = substr($arg, 7);
+
+		if ($lmode eq $submodule_mode or $rmode eq $submodule_mode) {
+			$submodule{$src_path}{left} = $lsha1;
+			if ($lsha1 ne $rsha1) {
+				$submodule{$dst_path}{right} = $rsha1;
+			} else {
+				$submodule{$dst_path}{right} = "$rsha1-dirty";
+			}
 			next;
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-x' || $arg eq '--extcmd') {
-			usage() if $#ARGV <= $idx;
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = $ARGV[$idx + 1];
-			$skip_next = 1;
-			next;
+
+		if ($lmode eq $symlink_mode) {
+			$symlink{$src_path}{left} =
+				$diffrepo->command_oneline('show', "$lsha1");
 		}
-		if ($arg =~ /^--extcmd=/) {
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = substr($arg, 9);
-			next;
+
+		if ($rmode eq $symlink_mode) {
+			$symlink{$dst_path}{right} =
+				$diffrepo->command_oneline('show', "$rsha1");
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-g' || $arg eq '--gui') {
-			eval {
-				my $tool = Git::command_oneline('config',
-				                                'diff.guitool');
-				if (length($tool)) {
-					$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $tool;
-				}
-			};
-			next;
+
+		if ($lmode ne $null_mode and $status !~ /^C/) {
+			$lindex .= "$lmode $lsha1\t$src_path\0";
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-y' || $arg eq '--no-prompt') {
-			$prompt = 'no';
-			next;
+
+		if ($rmode ne $null_mode) {
+			# Avoid duplicate working_tree entries
+			if ($working_tree_dups{$dst_path}++) {
+				next;
+			}
+			my ($use, $wt_sha1) = use_wt_file($repo, $workdir,
+							  $dst_path, $rsha1);
+			if ($use) {
+				push @working_tree, $dst_path;
+				$wtindex .= "$rmode $wt_sha1\t$dst_path\0";
+			} else {
+				$rindex .= "$rmode $rsha1\t$dst_path\0";
+			}
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '--prompt') {
-			$prompt = 'yes';
-			next;
+	}
+
+	# Setup temp directories
+	my $tmpdir = tempdir('git-difftool.XXXXX', CLEANUP => 0, TMPDIR => 1);
+	my $ldir = "$tmpdir/left";
+	my $rdir = "$tmpdir/right";
+	mkpath($ldir) or exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+	mkpath($rdir) or exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
+	# If $GIT_DIR is not set prior to calling 'git update-index' and
+	# 'git checkout-index', then those commands will fail if difftool
+	# is called from a directory other than the repo root.
+	my $must_unset_git_dir = 0;
+	if (not defined($ENV{GIT_DIR})) {
+		$must_unset_git_dir = 1;
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $repo_path;
+	}
+
+	# Populate the left and right directories based on each index file
+	my ($inpipe, $ctx);
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/lindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $lindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
+	my $rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$ldir/");
+	exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc) if $rc != 0;
+
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/rindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $rindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
+	$rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$rdir/");
+	exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc) if $rc != 0;
+
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/wtindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index --info-only -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $wtindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
+	# If $GIT_DIR was explicitly set just for the update/checkout
+	# commands, then it should be unset before continuing.
+	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
+	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
+
+	# Changes in the working tree need special treatment since they are
+	# not part of the index. Remove any trailing slash from $workdir
+	# before starting to avoid double slashes in symlink targets.
+	$workdir =~ s|/$||;
+	for my $file (@working_tree) {
+		my $dir = dirname($file);
+		unless (-d "$rdir/$dir") {
+			mkpath("$rdir/$dir") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		}
+		if ($symlinks) {
+			symlink("$workdir/$file", "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		} else {
+			copy("$workdir/$file", "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
+			my $mode = stat("$workdir/$file")->mode;
+			chmod($mode, "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-h') {
-			usage();
+	}
+
+	# Changes to submodules require special treatment. This loop writes a
+	# temporary file to both the left and right directories to show the
+	# change in the recorded SHA1 for the submodule.
+	for my $path (keys %submodule) {
+		my $ok = 0;
+		if (defined($submodule{$path}{left})) {
+			$ok = write_to_file("$ldir/$path",
+				"Subproject commit $submodule{$path}{left}");
+		}
+		if (defined($submodule{$path}{right})) {
+			$ok = write_to_file("$rdir/$path",
+				"Subproject commit $submodule{$path}{right}");
+		}
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1) if not $ok;
+	}
+
+	# Symbolic links require special treatment. The standard "git diff"
+	# shows only the link itself, not the contents of the link target.
+	# This loop replicates that behavior.
+	for my $path (keys %symlink) {
+		my $ok = 0;
+		if (defined($symlink{$path}{left})) {
+			$ok = write_to_file("$ldir/$path",
+					$symlink{$path}{left});
+		}
+		if (defined($symlink{$path}{right})) {
+			$ok = write_to_file("$rdir/$path",
+					$symlink{$path}{right});
+		}
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1) if not $ok;
+	}
+
+	return ($ldir, $rdir, $tmpdir, @working_tree);
+}
+
+sub write_to_file
+{
+	my $path = shift;
+	my $value = shift;
+
+	# Make sure the path to the file exists
+	my $dir = dirname($path);
+	unless (-d "$dir") {
+		mkpath("$dir") or return 0;
+	}
+
+	# If the file already exists in that location, delete it.  This
+	# is required in the case of symbolic links.
+	unlink($path);
+
+	open(my $fh, '>', $path) or return 0;
+	print($fh $value);
+	close($fh);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub main
+{
+	# parse command-line options. all unrecognized options and arguments
+	# are passed through to the 'git diff' command.
+	my %opts = (
+		difftool_cmd => undef,
+		dirdiff => undef,
+		extcmd => undef,
+		gui => undef,
+		help => undef,
+		prompt => undef,
+		symlinks => $^O ne 'cygwin' &&
+				$^O ne 'MSWin32' && $^O ne 'msys',
+		tool_help => undef,
+		trust_exit_code => undef,
+	);
+	GetOptions('g|gui!' => \$opts{gui},
+		'd|dir-diff' => \$opts{dirdiff},
+		'h' => \$opts{help},
+		'prompt!' => \$opts{prompt},
+		'y' => sub { $opts{prompt} = 0; },
+		'symlinks' => \$opts{symlinks},
+		'no-symlinks' => sub { $opts{symlinks} = 0; },
+		't|tool:s' => \$opts{difftool_cmd},
+		'tool-help' => \$opts{tool_help},
+		'trust-exit-code' => \$opts{trust_exit_code},
+		'no-trust-exit-code' => sub { $opts{trust_exit_code} = 0; },
+		'x|extcmd:s' => \$opts{extcmd});
+
+	if (defined($opts{help})) {
+		usage(0);
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{tool_help})) {
+		print_tool_help();
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{difftool_cmd})) {
+		if (length($opts{difftool_cmd}) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $opts{difftool_cmd};
+		} else {
+			print "No <tool> given for --tool=<tool>\n";
+			usage(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{extcmd})) {
+		if (length($opts{extcmd}) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = $opts{extcmd};
+		} else {
+			print "No <cmd> given for --extcmd=<cmd>\n";
+			usage(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ($opts{gui}) {
+		my $guitool = Git::config('diff.guitool');
+		if (defined($guitool) && length($guitool) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $guitool;
 		}
-		push @command, $arg;
 	}
-	if ($prompt eq 'yes') {
-		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT} = 'true';
-	} elsif ($prompt eq 'no') {
-		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT} = 'true';
+
+	if (!defined $opts{trust_exit_code}) {
+		$opts{trust_exit_code} = Git::config_bool('difftool.trustExitCode');
+	}
+	if ($opts{trust_exit_code}) {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_TRUST_EXIT_CODE} = 'true';
+	} else {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_TRUST_EXIT_CODE} = 'false';
+	}
+
+	# In directory diff mode, 'git-difftool--helper' is called once
+	# to compare the a/b directories.  In file diff mode, 'git diff'
+	# will invoke a separate instance of 'git-difftool--helper' for
+	# each file that changed.
+	if (defined($opts{dirdiff})) {
+		dir_diff($opts{extcmd}, $opts{symlinks});
+	} else {
+		file_diff($opts{prompt});
 	}
-	return @command
 }
 
-setup_environment();
+sub dir_diff
+{
+	my ($extcmd, $symlinks) = @_;
+	my $rc;
+	my $error = 0;
+	my $repo = Git->repository();
+	my $workdir = find_worktree();
+	my ($a, $b, $tmpdir, @worktree) =
+		setup_dir_diff($repo, $workdir, $symlinks);
+
+	if (defined($extcmd)) {
+		$rc = system($extcmd, $a, $b);
+	} else {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_DIRDIFF} = 'true';
+		$rc = system('git', 'difftool--helper', $a, $b);
+	}
+	# If the diff including working copy files and those
+	# files were modified during the diff, then the changes
+	# should be copied back to the working tree.
+	# Do not copy back files when symlinks are used and the
+	# external tool did not replace the original link with a file.
+	#
+	# These hashes are loaded lazily since they aren't needed
+	# in the common case of --symlinks and the difftool updating
+	# files through the symlink.
+	my %wt_modified;
+	my %tmp_modified;
+	my $indices_loaded = 0;
+
+	for my $file (@worktree) {
+		next if $symlinks && -l "$b/$file";
+		next if ! -f "$b/$file";
+
+		if (!$indices_loaded) {
+			%wt_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$workdir");
+			%tmp_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$b");
+			$indices_loaded = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (exists $wt_modified{$file} and exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
+			my $errmsg = "warning: Both files modified: ";
+			$errmsg .= "'$workdir/$file' and '$b/$file'.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning: Working tree file has been left.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning:\n";
+			warn $errmsg;
+			$error = 1;
+		} elsif (exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
+			my $mode = stat("$b/$file")->mode;
+			copy("$b/$file", "$workdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
+			chmod($mode, "$workdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ($error) {
+		warn "warning: Temporary files exist in '$tmpdir'.\n";
+		warn "warning: You may want to cleanup or recover these.\n";
+		exit(1);
+	} else {
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc);
+	}
+}
+
+sub file_diff
+{
+	my ($prompt) = @_;
+
+	if (defined($prompt)) {
+		if ($prompt) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT} = 'true';
+		} else {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT} = 'true';
+		}
+	}
+
+	$ENV{GIT_PAGER} = '';
+	$ENV{GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF} = 'git-difftool--helper';
+
+	# ActiveState Perl for Win32 does not implement POSIX semantics of
+	# exec* system call. It just spawns the given executable and finishes
+	# the starting program, exiting with code 0.
+	# system will at least catch the errors returned by git diff,
+	# allowing the caller of git difftool better handling of failures.
+	my $rc = system('git', 'diff', @ARGV);
+	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
+}
 
-# ActiveState Perl for Win32 does not implement POSIX semantics of
-# exec* system call. It just spawns the given executable and finishes
-# the starting program, exiting with code 0.
-# system will at least catch the errors returned by git diff,
-# allowing the caller of git difftool better handling of failures.
-my $rc = system(generate_command());
-exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
+main();
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.sh b/git-filter-branch.sh
index add2c0247f..86b2ff1e07 100755
--- a/git-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/git-filter-branch.sh
@@ -64,37 +64,19 @@ EOF
 
 eval "$functions"
 
-# When piped a commit, output a script to set the ident of either
-# "author" or "committer
+finish_ident() {
+	# Ensure non-empty id name.
+	echo "case \"\$GIT_$1_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_$1_NAME=\"\${GIT_$1_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_$1_NAME;; esac"
+	# And make sure everything is exported.
+	echo "export GIT_$1_NAME"
+	echo "export GIT_$1_EMAIL"
+	echo "export GIT_$1_DATE"
+}
 
 set_ident () {
-	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]")"
-	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]")"
-	pick_id_script='
-		/^'$lid' /{
-			s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
-			h
-			s/^'$lid' \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_NAME='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_NAME/p
-
-			g
-			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL/p
-
-			g
-			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_DATE='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_DATE/p
-
-			q
-		}
-	'
-
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_id_script"
-	# Ensure non-empty id name.
-	echo "case \"\$GIT_${uid}_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_${uid}_NAME=\"\${GIT_${uid}_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_${uid}_NAME;; esac"
+	parse_ident_from_commit author AUTHOR committer COMMITTER
+	finish_ident AUTHOR
+	finish_ident COMMITTER
 }
 
 USAGE="[--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>]
@@ -217,6 +199,7 @@ t)
 	test -d "$tempdir" &&
 		die "$tempdir already exists, please remove it"
 esac
+orig_dir=$(pwd)
 mkdir -p "$tempdir/t" &&
 tempdir="$(cd "$tempdir"; pwd)" &&
 cd "$tempdir/t" &&
@@ -224,7 +207,7 @@ workdir="$(pwd)" ||
 die ""
 
 # Remove tempdir on exit
-trap 'cd ../..; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
+trap 'cd "$orig_dir"; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
 
 ORIG_GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR"
 ORIG_GIT_WORK_TREE="$GIT_WORK_TREE"
@@ -272,7 +255,7 @@ else
 	remap_to_ancestor=t
 fi
 
-rev_args=$(git rev-parse --revs-only "$@")
+git rev-parse --revs-only "$@" >../parse
 
 case "$filter_subdir" in
 "")
@@ -285,26 +268,69 @@ case "$filter_subdir" in
 esac
 
 git rev-list --reverse --topo-order --default HEAD \
-	--parents --simplify-merges $rev_args "$@" > ../revs ||
+	--parents --simplify-merges --stdin "$@" <../parse >../revs ||
 	die "Could not get the commits"
 commits=$(wc -l <../revs | tr -d " ")
 
 test $commits -eq 0 && die "Found nothing to rewrite"
 
 # Rewrite the commits
+report_progress ()
+{
+	if test -n "$progress" &&
+		test $git_filter_branch__commit_count -gt $next_sample_at
+	then
+		count=$git_filter_branch__commit_count
+
+		now=$(date +%s)
+		elapsed=$(($now - $start_timestamp))
+		remaining=$(( ($commits - $count) * $elapsed / $count ))
+		if test $elapsed -gt 0
+		then
+			next_sample_at=$(( ($elapsed + 1) * $count / $elapsed ))
+		else
+			next_sample_at=$(($next_sample_at + 1))
+		fi
+		progress=" ($elapsed seconds passed, remaining $remaining predicted)"
+	fi
+	printf "\rRewrite $commit ($count/$commits)$progress    "
+}
 
 git_filter_branch__commit_count=0
+
+progress= start_timestamp=
+if date '+%s' 2>/dev/null | grep -q '^[0-9][0-9]*$'
+then
+	next_sample_at=0
+	progress="dummy to ensure this is not empty"
+	start_timestamp=$(date '+%s')
+fi
+
+if test -n "$filter_index" ||
+   test -n "$filter_tree" ||
+   test -n "$filter_subdir"
+then
+	need_index=t
+else
+	need_index=
+fi
+
 while read commit parents; do
 	git_filter_branch__commit_count=$(($git_filter_branch__commit_count+1))
-	printf "\rRewrite $commit ($git_filter_branch__commit_count/$commits)"
+
+	report_progress
 
 	case "$filter_subdir" in
 	"")
-		git read-tree -i -m $commit
+		if test -n "$need_index"
+		then
+			GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1=1 git read-tree -i -m $commit
+		fi
 		;;
 	*)
 		# The commit may not have the subdirectory at all
-		err=$(git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
+		err=$(GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1=1 \
+		      git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
 			if ! git rev-parse -q --verify $commit:"$filter_subdir"
 			then
 				rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
@@ -320,10 +346,8 @@ while read commit parents; do
 	git cat-file commit "$commit" >../commit ||
 		die "Cannot read commit $commit"
 
-	eval "$(set_ident AUTHOR <../commit)" ||
-		die "setting author failed for commit $commit"
-	eval "$(set_ident COMMITTER <../commit)" ||
-		die "setting committer failed for commit $commit"
+	eval "$(set_ident <../commit)" ||
+		die "setting author/committer failed for commit $commit"
 	eval "$filter_env" < /dev/null ||
 		die "env filter failed: $filter_env"
 
@@ -337,7 +361,7 @@ while read commit parents; do
 			die "tree filter failed: $filter_tree"
 
 		(
-			git diff-index -r --name-only --ignore-submodules $commit &&
+			git diff-index -r --name-only --ignore-submodules $commit -- &&
 			git ls-files --others
 		) > "$tempdir"/tree-state || exit
 		git update-index --add --replace --remove --stdin \
@@ -350,7 +374,13 @@ while read commit parents; do
 	parentstr=
 	for parent in $parents; do
 		for reparent in $(map "$parent"); do
-			parentstr="$parentstr -p $reparent"
+			case "$parentstr " in
+			*" -p $reparent "*)
+				;;
+			*)
+				parentstr="$parentstr -p $reparent"
+				;;
+			esac
 		done
 	done
 	if [ "$filter_parent" ]; then
@@ -358,11 +388,26 @@ while read commit parents; do
 				die "parent filter failed: $filter_parent"
 	fi
 
-	sed -e '1,/^$/d' <../commit | \
+	{
+		while IFS='' read -r header_line && test -n "$header_line"
+		do
+			# skip header lines...
+			:;
+		done
+		# and output the actual commit message
+		cat
+	} <../commit |
 		eval "$filter_msg" > ../message ||
 			die "msg filter failed: $filter_msg"
+
+	if test -n "$need_index"
+	then
+		tree=$(git write-tree)
+	else
+		tree=$(git rev-parse "$commit^{tree}")
+	fi
 	workdir=$workdir @SHELL_PATH@ -c "$filter_commit" "git commit-tree" \
-		$(git write-tree) $parentstr < ../message > ../map/$commit ||
+		"$tree" $parentstr < ../message > ../map/$commit ||
 			die "could not write rewritten commit"
 done <../revs
 
@@ -489,7 +534,7 @@ if [ "$filter_tag_name" ]; then
 	done
 fi
 
-cd ../..
+cd "$orig_dir"
 rm -rf "$tempdir"
 
 trap - 0
diff --git a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 65709437ff..a88b6824b9 100755
--- a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=0.16.GITGUI
+DEF_VER=0.20.GITGUI
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/git-gui/Makefile b/git-gui/Makefile
index e22ba5c321..4f00bdd3d6 100644
--- a/git-gui/Makefile
+++ b/git-gui/Makefile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_MSGFMT if you do not have msgfmt from the GNU gettext
 # package and want to use our rough pure Tcl po->msg translator.
-# TCL_PATH must be vaild for this to work.
+# TCL_PATH must be valid for this to work.
 #
 
 GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ git-gui: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS
 	echo then >>$@+ && \
 	echo '	'echo \'git-gui version '$(GITGUI_VERSION)'\' >>$@+ && \
 	echo else >>$@+ && \
-	echo '	'exec \''$(libdir_SQ)/Git Gui.app/Contents/MacOS/$(subst \,,$(TKEXECUTABLE))'\' \
+	echo '	libdir="$${GIT_GUI_LIB_DIR:-$(libdir_SQ)}"' >>$@+ && \
+	echo '	'exec \"'$$libdir/Git Gui.app/Contents/MacOS/$(subst \,,$(TKEXECUTABLE))'\" \
 		'"$$0" "$$@"' >>$@+ && \
 	echo fi >>$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ lib/tclIndex: $(ALL_LIBFILES) GIT-GUI-VARS
 	  auto_mkindex lib '*.tcl' \
 	| $(TCL_PATH) $(QUIET_2DEVNULL); then : ok; \
 	else \
-	 echo 1>&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
+	 echo >&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
 	 rm -f $@ ; \
 	 echo '# Autogenerated by git-gui Makefile' >$@ && \
 	 echo >>$@ && \
@@ -274,8 +275,8 @@ TRACK_VARS = \
 GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
 	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
 	if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
-		echo 1>$@ "$$VARS"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
+		echo >$@ "$$VARS"; \
 	fi
 
 ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
diff --git a/git-gui/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
index ba4e5c1330..11048c7a0e 100755
--- a/git-gui/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,11 @@ catch {rename send {}} ; # What an evil concept...
 ##
 ## locate our library
 
-set oguilib {@@GITGUI_LIBDIR@@}
+if { [info exists ::env(GIT_GUI_LIB_DIR) ] } {
+	set oguilib $::env(GIT_GUI_LIB_DIR)
+} else {
+	set oguilib {@@GITGUI_LIBDIR@@}
+}
 set oguirel {@@GITGUI_RELATIVE@@}
 if {$oguirel eq {1}} {
 	set oguilib [file dirname [file normalize $argv0]]
@@ -79,9 +83,9 @@ if {![catch {set _verbose $env(GITGUI_VERBOSE)}]} {
 		return [uplevel 1 real__auto_load $name $args]
 	}
 	rename source real__source
-	proc source {name} {
-		puts stderr "source    $name"
-		uplevel 1 real__source $name
+	proc source {args} {
+		puts stderr "source    $args"
+		uplevel 1 [linsert $args 0 real__source]
 	}
 	if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { console show }
 }
@@ -137,6 +141,20 @@ unset oguimsg
 
 ######################################################################
 ##
+## On Mac, bring the current Wish process window to front
+
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+	catch {
+		exec osascript -e [format {
+			tell application "System Events"
+				set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+			end tell
+		} [pid]]
+	}
+}
+
+######################################################################
+##
 ## read only globals
 
 set _appname {Git Gui}
@@ -154,6 +172,7 @@ set _trace [lsearch -exact $argv --trace]
 if {$_trace >= 0} {
 	set argv [lreplace $argv $_trace $_trace]
 	set _trace 1
+	if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { console show }
 } else {
 	set _trace 0
 }
@@ -651,9 +670,7 @@ proc kill_file_process {fd} {
 
 	catch {
 		if {[is_Windows]} {
-			# Use a Cygwin-specific flag to allow killing
-			# native Windows processes
-			exec kill -f $process
+			exec taskkill /pid $process
 		} else {
 			exec kill $process
 		}
@@ -879,6 +896,7 @@ set default_config(gui.textconv) true
 set default_config(gui.pruneduringfetch) false
 set default_config(gui.trustmtime) false
 set default_config(gui.fastcopyblame) false
+set default_config(gui.maxrecentrepo) 10
 set default_config(gui.copyblamethreshold) 40
 set default_config(gui.blamehistoryctx) 7
 set default_config(gui.diffcontext) 5
@@ -892,11 +910,13 @@ set default_config(gui.fontdiff) [font configure font_diff]
 set default_config(gui.maxfilesdisplayed) 5000
 set default_config(gui.usettk) 1
 set default_config(gui.warndetachedcommit) 1
+set default_config(gui.tabsize) 8
 set font_descs {
 	{fontui   font_ui   {mc "Main Font"}}
 	{fontdiff font_diff {mc "Diff/Console Font"}}
 }
 set default_config(gui.stageuntracked) ask
+set default_config(gui.displayuntracked) true
 
 ######################################################################
 ##
@@ -1266,8 +1286,12 @@ load_config 0
 apply_config
 
 # v1.7.0 introduced --show-toplevel to return the canonical work-tree
-if {[package vsatisfies $_git_version 1.7.0]} {
-	set _gitworktree [git rev-parse --show-toplevel]
+if {[package vcompare $_git_version 1.7.0] >= 0} {
+	if { [is_Cygwin] } {
+		catch {set _gitworktree [exec cygpath --windows [git rev-parse --show-toplevel]]}
+	} else {
+		set _gitworktree [git rev-parse --show-toplevel]
+	}
 } else {
 	# try to set work tree from environment, core.worktree or use
 	# cdup to obtain a relative path to the top of the worktree. If
@@ -1463,7 +1487,7 @@ proc rescan {after {honor_trustmtime 1}} {
 		(![$ui_comm edit modified]
 		|| [string trim [$ui_comm get 0.0 end]] eq {})} {
 		if {[string match amend* $commit_type]} {
-		} elseif {[load_message GITGUI_MSG]} {
+		} elseif {[load_message GITGUI_MSG utf-8]} {
 		} elseif {[run_prepare_commit_msg_hook]} {
 		} elseif {[load_message MERGE_MSG]} {
 		} elseif {[load_message SQUASH_MSG]} {
@@ -1518,7 +1542,7 @@ proc rescan_stage2 {fd after} {
 		close $fd
 	}
 
-	if {[package vsatisfies $::_git_version 1.6.3]} {
+	if {[package vcompare $::_git_version 1.6.3] >= 0} {
 		set ls_others [list --exclude-standard]
 	} else {
 		set ls_others [list --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore]
@@ -1535,21 +1559,30 @@ proc rescan_stage2 {fd after} {
 	set buf_rdf {}
 	set buf_rlo {}
 
-	set rescan_active 3
+	set rescan_active 2
 	ui_status [mc "Scanning for modified files ..."]
-	set fd_di [git_read diff-index --cached -z [PARENT]]
+	if {[git-version >= "1.7.2"]} {
+		set fd_di [git_read diff-index --cached --ignore-submodules=dirty -z [PARENT]]
+	} else {
+		set fd_di [git_read diff-index --cached -z [PARENT]]
+	}
 	set fd_df [git_read diff-files -z]
-	set fd_lo [eval git_read ls-files --others -z $ls_others]
 
 	fconfigure $fd_di -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
 	fconfigure $fd_df -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
-	fconfigure $fd_lo -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
+
 	fileevent $fd_di readable [list read_diff_index $fd_di $after]
 	fileevent $fd_df readable [list read_diff_files $fd_df $after]
-	fileevent $fd_lo readable [list read_ls_others $fd_lo $after]
+
+	if {[is_config_true gui.displayuntracked]} {
+		set fd_lo [eval git_read ls-files --others -z $ls_others]
+		fconfigure $fd_lo -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
+		fileevent $fd_lo readable [list read_ls_others $fd_lo $after]
+		incr rescan_active
+	}
 }
 
-proc load_message {file} {
+proc load_message {file {encoding {}}} {
 	global ui_comm
 
 	set f [gitdir $file]
@@ -1558,6 +1591,9 @@ proc load_message {file} {
 			return 0
 		}
 		fconfigure $fd -eofchar {}
+		if {$encoding ne {}} {
+			fconfigure $fd -encoding $encoding
+		}
 		set content [string trim [read $fd]]
 		close $fd
 		regsub -all -line {[ \r\t]+$} $content {} content
@@ -1929,20 +1965,22 @@ proc display_all_files {} {
 
 	set to_display [lsort [array names file_states]]
 	set display_limit [get_config gui.maxfilesdisplayed]
-	if {[llength $to_display] > $display_limit} {
-		if {!$files_warning} {
-			# do not repeatedly warn:
-			set files_warning 1
-			info_popup [mc "Displaying only %s of %s files." \
-				$display_limit [llength $to_display]]
-		}
-		set to_display [lrange $to_display 0 [expr {$display_limit-1}]]
-	}
+	set displayed 0
 	foreach path $to_display {
 		set s $file_states($path)
 		set m [lindex $s 0]
 		set icon_name [lindex $s 1]
 
+		if {$displayed > $display_limit && [string index $m 1] eq {O} } {
+			if {!$files_warning} {
+				# do not repeatedly warn:
+				set files_warning 1
+				info_popup [mc "Display limit (gui.maxfilesdisplayed = %s) reached, not showing all %s files." \
+					$display_limit [llength $to_display]]
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
 		set s [string index $m 0]
 		if {$s ne {U} && $s ne {_}} {
 			display_all_files_helper $ui_index $path \
@@ -1957,6 +1995,7 @@ proc display_all_files {} {
 		if {$s ne {_}} {
 			display_all_files_helper $ui_workdir $path \
 				$icon_name $s
+			incr displayed
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2266,6 +2305,7 @@ proc do_quit {{rc {1}}} {
 				&& $msg ne {}} {
 				catch {
 					set fd [open $save w]
+					fconfigure $fd -encoding utf-8
 					puts -nonewline $fd $msg
 					close $fd
 				}
@@ -2635,6 +2675,16 @@ if {![is_bare]} {
 	.mbar.repository add command \
 		-label [mc "Explore Working Copy"] \
 		-command {do_explore}
+}
+
+if {[is_Windows]} {
+	.mbar.repository add command \
+		-label [mc "Git Bash"] \
+		-command {eval exec [auto_execok start] \
+					  [list "Git Bash" bash --login -l &]}
+}
+
+if {[is_Windows] || ![is_bare]} {
 	.mbar.repository add separator
 }
 
@@ -2998,9 +3048,11 @@ blame {
 	set jump_spec {}
 	set is_path 0
 	foreach a $argv {
-		if {$is_path || [file exists $_prefix$a]} {
+		set p [file join $_prefix $a]
+
+		if {$is_path || [file exists $p]} {
 			if {$path ne {}} usage
-			set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$a]
+			set path [normalize_relpath $p]
 			break
 		} elseif {$a eq {--}} {
 			if {$path ne {}} {
@@ -3023,8 +3075,13 @@ blame {
 	unset is_path
 
 	if {$head ne {} && $path eq {}} {
-		set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$head]
-		set head {}
+		if {[string index $head 0] eq {/}} {
+			set path [normalize_relpath $head]
+			set head {}
+		} else {
+			set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$head]
+			set head {}
+		}
 	}
 
 	if {$head eq {}} {
@@ -3177,13 +3234,29 @@ unset i
 
 # -- Diff and Commit Area
 #
-${NS}::frame .vpane.lower -height 300 -width 400
-${NS}::frame .vpane.lower.commarea
-${NS}::frame .vpane.lower.diff -relief sunken -borderwidth 1
-pack .vpane.lower.diff -fill both -expand 1
-pack .vpane.lower.commarea -side bottom -fill x
-.vpane add .vpane.lower
-if {!$use_ttk} {.vpane paneconfigure .vpane.lower -sticky nsew}
+if {$have_tk85} {
+	${NS}::panedwindow .vpane.lower -orient vertical
+	${NS}::frame .vpane.lower.commarea
+	${NS}::frame .vpane.lower.diff -relief sunken -borderwidth 1 -height 500
+	.vpane.lower add .vpane.lower.diff
+	.vpane.lower add .vpane.lower.commarea
+	.vpane add .vpane.lower
+	if {$use_ttk} {
+		.vpane.lower pane .vpane.lower.diff -weight 1
+		.vpane.lower pane .vpane.lower.commarea -weight 0
+	} else {
+		.vpane.lower paneconfigure .vpane.lower.diff -stretch always
+		.vpane.lower paneconfigure .vpane.lower.commarea -stretch never
+	}
+} else {
+	frame .vpane.lower -height 300 -width 400
+	frame .vpane.lower.commarea
+	frame .vpane.lower.diff -relief sunken -borderwidth 1
+	pack .vpane.lower.diff -fill both -expand 1
+	pack .vpane.lower.commarea -side bottom -fill x
+	.vpane add .vpane.lower
+	.vpane paneconfigure .vpane.lower -sticky nsew
+}
 
 # -- Commit Area Buttons
 #
@@ -3710,6 +3783,8 @@ bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-v> {break}
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-V> {break}
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-a> {%W tag add sel 0.0 end;break}
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-A> {%W tag add sel 0.0 end;break}
+bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-j> {do_revert_selection;break}
+bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-J> {do_revert_selection;break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Up>     {catch {%W yview scroll -1 units};break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Down>   {catch {%W yview scroll  1 units};break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Left>   {catch {%W xview scroll -1 units};break}
@@ -3742,6 +3817,8 @@ bind .   <$M1B-Key-s> do_signoff
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-S> do_signoff
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-t> do_add_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-T> do_add_selection
+bind .   <$M1B-Key-u> do_unstage_selection
+bind .   <$M1B-Key-U> do_unstage_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-j> do_revert_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-J> do_revert_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-i> do_add_all
@@ -3835,7 +3912,7 @@ if {[is_enabled transport]} {
 }
 
 if {[winfo exists $ui_comm]} {
-	set GITGUI_BCK_exists [load_message GITGUI_BCK]
+	set GITGUI_BCK_exists [load_message GITGUI_BCK utf-8]
 
 	# -- If both our backup and message files exist use the
 	#    newer of the two files to initialize the buffer.
@@ -3872,6 +3949,7 @@ if {[winfo exists $ui_comm]} {
 			} elseif {$m} {
 				catch {
 					set fd [open [gitdir GITGUI_BCK] w]
+					fconfigure $fd -encoding utf-8
 					puts -nonewline $fd $msg
 					close $fd
 					set GITGUI_BCK_exists 1
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl b/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl
index 324f7744c4..b1d15f4621 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class blame {
 
 image create photo ::blame::img_back_arrow -data {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}
 
-# Persistant data (survives loads)
+# Persistent data (survives loads)
 #
 field history {}; # viewer history: {commit path}
 field header    ; # array commit,key -> header field
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
index 657f7d5dc1..75d1da8d31 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
@@ -18,12 +18,17 @@ field local_path       {} ; # Where this repository is locally
 field origin_url       {} ; # Where we are cloning from
 field origin_name  origin ; # What we shall call 'origin'
 field clone_type hardlink ; # Type of clone to construct
+field recursive      true ; # Recursive cloning flag
 field readtree_err        ; # Error output from read-tree (if any)
 field sorted_recent       ; # recent repositories (sorted)
 
 constructor pick {} {
 	global M1T M1B use_ttk NS
 
+	if {[set maxrecent [get_config gui.maxrecentrepo]] eq {}} {
+		set maxrecent 10
+	}
+
 	make_dialog top w
 	wm title $top [mc "Git Gui"]
 
@@ -148,7 +153,7 @@ constructor pick {} {
 			-background [get_bg_color $w_body.recentlabel] \
 			-wrap none \
 			-width 50 \
-			-height 10
+			-height $maxrecent
 		$w_recentlist tag conf link \
 			-foreground blue \
 			-underline 1
@@ -264,7 +269,11 @@ proc _append_recentrepos {path} {
 	git config --global --add gui.recentrepo $path
 	load_config 1
 
-	while {[llength $recent] > 10} {
+	if {[set maxrecent [get_config gui.maxrecentrepo]] eq {}} {
+		set maxrecent 10
+	}
+
+	while {[llength $recent] > $maxrecent} {
 		_unset_recentrepo [lindex $recent 0]
 		set recent [lrange $recent 1 end]
 	}
@@ -286,7 +295,9 @@ method _next {action} {
 	destroy $w_body
 	if {![winfo exists $w_next]} {
 		${NS}::button $w_next -default active
-		pack $w_next -side right -padx 5 -before $w_quit
+		set pos -before
+		if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { set pos -after }
+		pack $w_next -side right -padx 5 $pos $w_quit
 	}
 	_do_$action $this
 }
@@ -327,16 +338,31 @@ method _git_init {} {
 	return 1
 }
 
-proc _is_git {path} {
+proc _is_git {path {outdir_var ""}} {
+	if {$outdir_var ne ""} {
+		upvar 1 $outdir_var outdir
+	}
+	if {[file isfile $path]} {
+		set fp [open $path r]
+		gets $fp line
+		close $fp
+		if {[regexp "^gitdir: (.+)$" $line line link_target]} {
+			set path [file join [file dirname $path] $link_target]
+			set path [file normalize $path]
+		}
+	}
+
 	if {[file exists [file join $path HEAD]]
 	 && [file exists [file join $path objects]]
 	 && [file exists [file join $path config]]} {
+		set outdir $path
 		return 1
 	}
 	if {[is_Cygwin]} {
 		if {[file exists [file join $path HEAD]]
 		 && [file exists [file join $path objects.lnk]]
 		 && [file exists [file join $path config.lnk]]} {
+			set outdir $path
 			return 1
 		}
 	}
@@ -515,6 +541,11 @@ method _do_clone {} {
 	foreach r $w_types {
 		pack $r -anchor w
 	}
+	${NS}::checkbutton $args.type_f.recursive \
+		-text [mc "Recursively clone submodules too"] \
+		-variable @recursive \
+		-onvalue true -offvalue false
+	pack $args.type_f.recursive -anchor w
 	grid $args.type_l $args.type_f -sticky new
 
 	grid columnconfigure $args 1 -weight 1
@@ -942,6 +973,30 @@ method _do_clone_checkout {HEAD} {
 	fileevent $fd readable [cb _readtree_wait $fd]
 }
 
+method _do_validate_submodule_cloning {ok} {
+	if {$ok} {
+		$o_cons done $ok
+		set done 1
+	} else {
+		_clone_failed $this [mc "Cannot clone submodules."]
+	}
+}
+
+method _do_clone_submodules {} {
+	if {$recursive eq {true}} {
+		destroy $w_body
+		set o_cons [console::embed \
+			$w_body \
+			[mc "Cloning submodules"]]
+		pack $w_body -fill both -expand 1 -padx 10
+		$o_cons exec \
+			[list git submodule update --init --recursive] \
+			[cb _do_validate_submodule_cloning]
+	} else {
+		set done 1
+	}
+}
+
 method _readtree_wait {fd} {
 	set buf [read $fd]
 	$o_cons update_meter $buf
@@ -972,7 +1027,7 @@ method _readtree_wait {fd} {
 		fconfigure $fd_ph -blocking 0 -translation binary -eofchar {}
 		fileevent $fd_ph readable [cb _postcheckout_wait $fd_ph]
 	} else {
-		set done 1
+		_do_clone_submodules $this
 	}
 }
 
@@ -986,7 +1041,7 @@ method _postcheckout_wait {fd_ph} {
 			hook_failed_popup post-checkout $pch_error 0
 		}
 		unset pch_error
-		set done 1
+		_do_clone_submodules $this
 		return
 	}
 	fconfigure $fd_ph -blocking 0
@@ -1053,7 +1108,7 @@ method _open_local_path {} {
 }
 
 method _do_open2 {} {
-	if {![_is_git [file join $local_path .git]]} {
+	if {![_is_git [file join $local_path .git] actualgit]} {
 		error_popup [mc "Not a Git repository: %s" [file tail $local_path]]
 		return
 	}
@@ -1066,7 +1121,7 @@ method _do_open2 {} {
 	}
 
 	_append_recentrepos [pwd]
-	set ::_gitdir .git
+	set ::_gitdir $actualgit
 	set ::_prefix {}
 	set done 1
 }
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl b/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
index 0d81432af5..864b687057 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ proc commit_commitmsg {curHEAD msg_p} {
 	    && 	[is_config_true gui.warndetachedcommit]} {
 		set msg [mc "You are about to commit on a detached head.\
 This is a potentially dangerous thing to do because if you switch\
-to another branch you will loose your changes and it can be difficult\
+to another branch you will lose your changes and it can be difficult\
 to retrieve them later from the reflog. You should probably cancel this\
 commit and create a new branch to continue.\n\
 \n\
@@ -409,6 +409,7 @@ A rescan will be automatically started now.
 	catch {file delete [gitdir MERGE_MSG]}
 	catch {file delete [gitdir SQUASH_MSG]}
 	catch {file delete [gitdir GITGUI_MSG]}
+	catch {file delete [gitdir CHERRY_PICK_HEAD]}
 
 	# -- Let rerere do its thing.
 	#
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
index ec4405567a..0d56986215 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
 # git-gui diff viewer
 # Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Shawn Pearce
 
+proc apply_tab_size {{firsttab {}}} {
+	global have_tk85 repo_config ui_diff
+
+	set w [font measure font_diff "0"]
+	if {$have_tk85 && $firsttab != 0} {
+		$ui_diff configure -tabs [list [expr {$firsttab * $w}] [expr {($firsttab + $repo_config(gui.tabsize)) * $w}]]
+	} elseif {$have_tk85 || $repo_config(gui.tabsize) != 8} {
+		$ui_diff configure -tabs [expr {$repo_config(gui.tabsize) * $w}]
+	} else {
+		$ui_diff configure -tabs {}
+	}
+}
+
 proc clear_diff {} {
 	global ui_diff current_diff_path current_diff_header
 	global ui_index ui_workdir
@@ -105,6 +118,8 @@ proc show_diff {path w {lno {}} {scroll_pos {}} {callback {}}} {
 
 	set cont_info [list $scroll_pos $callback]
 
+	apply_tab_size 0
+
 	if {[string first {U} $m] >= 0} {
 		merge_load_stages $path [list show_unmerged_diff $cont_info]
 	} elseif {$m eq {_O}} {
@@ -287,6 +302,9 @@ proc start_show_diff {cont_info {add_opts {}}} {
 	if {$w eq $ui_index} {
 		lappend cmd diff-index
 		lappend cmd --cached
+		if {[git-version >= "1.7.2"]} {
+			lappend cmd --ignore-submodules=dirty
+		}
 	} elseif {$w eq $ui_workdir} {
 		if {[string first {U} $m] >= 0} {
 			lappend cmd diff
@@ -398,7 +416,10 @@ proc read_diff {fd conflict_size cont_info} {
 
 		# -- Automatically detect if this is a 3 way diff.
 		#
-		if {[string match {@@@ *} $line]} {set is_3way_diff 1}
+		if {[string match {@@@ *} $line]} {
+			set is_3way_diff 1
+			apply_tab_size 1
+		}
 
 		if {$::current_diff_inheader} {
 
@@ -764,8 +785,15 @@ proc apply_range_or_line {x y} {
 				# context line
 				set ln [$ui_diff get $i_l $next_l]
 				set patch "$patch$pre_context$ln"
-				set n [expr $n+1]
-				set m [expr $m+1]
+				# Skip the "\ No newline at end of
+				# file". Depending on the locale setting
+				# we don't know what this line looks
+				# like exactly. The only thing we do
+				# know is that it starts with "\ "
+				if {![string match {\\ *} $ln]} {
+					set n [expr $n+1]
+					set m [expr $m+1]
+				}
 				set pre_context {}
 			} elseif {$c1 eq $to_context} {
 				# turn change line into context line
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/index.tcl b/git-gui/lib/index.tcl
index 8efbbdde21..74a81a7b42 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/index.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/index.tcl
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ proc revert_helper {txt paths} {
 	# such distinction is needed in some languages. Previously, the
 	# code used "Revert changes in" for both, but that can't work
 	# in languages where 'in' must be combined with word from
-	# rest of string (in diffrent way for both cases of course).
+	# rest of string (in different way for both cases of course).
 	#
 	# FIXME: Unfortunately, even that isn't enough in some languages
 	# as they have quite complex plural-form rules. Unfortunately,
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
index 3c8e73bceb..120bc4064b 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
@@ -189,9 +189,9 @@ proc merge_resolve_tool2 {} {
 	}
 	bc3 {
 		if {$base_stage ne {}} {
-			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" -mergeoutput="$MERGED"]
+			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "-mergeoutput=$MERGED"]
 		} else {
-			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -mergeoutput="$MERGED"]
+			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "-mergeoutput=$MERGED"]
 		}
 	}
 	ecmerge {
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/option.tcl b/git-gui/lib/option.tcl
index 0cf1da1d7e..b5b6b2fea6 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/option.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/option.tcl
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ proc do_options {} {
 		{b gui.matchtrackingbranch {mc "Match Tracking Branches"}}
 		{b gui.textconv {mc "Use Textconv For Diffs and Blames"}}
 		{b gui.fastcopyblame {mc "Blame Copy Only On Changed Files"}}
+		{i-0..100 gui.maxrecentrepo {mc "Maximum Length of Recent Repositories List"}}
 		{i-20..200 gui.copyblamethreshold {mc "Minimum Letters To Blame Copy On"}}
 		{i-0..300 gui.blamehistoryctx {mc "Blame History Context Radius (days)"}}
 		{i-1..99 gui.diffcontext {mc "Number of Diff Context Lines"}}
@@ -159,6 +160,8 @@ proc do_options {} {
 		{c gui.encoding {mc "Default File Contents Encoding"}}
 		{b gui.warndetachedcommit {mc "Warn before committing to a detached head"}}
 		{s gui.stageuntracked {mc "Staging of untracked files"} {list "yes" "no" "ask"}}
+		{b gui.displayuntracked {mc "Show untracked files"}}
+		{i-1..99 gui.tabsize {mc "Tab spacing"}}
 		} {
 		set type [lindex $option 0]
 		set name [lindex $option 1]
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
index 5e4e7f4c83..4e5c784418 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ proc update_all_remotes_menu_entry {} {
 	set prune_m $remote_m.prune
 	if {$have_remote > 1} {
 		make_sure_remote_submenues_exist $remote_m
-		if {[$fetch_m entrycget end -label] ne "All"} {
+		if {[$fetch_m type end] eq "command" \
+			&& [$fetch_m entrycget end -label] ne "All"} {
 
 			$fetch_m insert end separator
 			$fetch_m insert end command \
@@ -259,7 +260,8 @@ proc update_all_remotes_menu_entry {} {
 		}
 	} else {
 		if {[winfo exists $fetch_m]} {
-			if {[$fetch_m entrycget end -label] eq "All"} {
+			if {[$fetch_m type end] eq "command" \
+				&& [$fetch_m entrycget end -label] eq "All"} {
 
 				delete_from_menu $fetch_m end
 				delete_from_menu $fetch_m end
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl b/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl
index e6120303e9..538d61c792 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ field w_menu      ; # context menu for the widget
 field s_menuidx 0 ; # last index of insertion into $w_menu
 
 field s_i           {} ; # timer registration for _run callbacks
-field s_clear        0 ; # did we erase mispelled tags yet?
+field s_clear        0 ; # did we erase misspelled tags yet?
 field s_seen    [list] ; # lines last seen from $w_text in _run
 field s_checked [list] ; # lines already checked
 field s_pending [list] ; # [$line $data] sent to ispell/aspell
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ method _run {} {
 		if {$n == $cur_line
 		 && ![regexp {^\W$} [$w_text get $cur_pos insert]]} {
 
-			# If the current word is mispelled remove the tag
+			# If the current word is misspelled remove the tag
 			# but force a spellcheck later.
 			#
 			set tags [$w_text tag names $cur_pos]
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl b/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
index 95cb44991f..02111a1742 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ method start {msg uds} {
 
 method update {have total} {
 	set pdone 0
+	set cdone 0
 	if {$total > 0} {
 		set pdone [expr {100 * $have / $total}]
 		set cdone [expr {[winfo width $w_c] * $have / $total}]
diff --git a/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl b/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
index ddbe6334a2..b6c6dc3500 100644
--- a/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 set gitexecdir {@@gitexecdir@@}
-set gitguilib  {@@GITGUI_LIBDIR@@}
+if { [info exists ::env(GIT_GUI_LIB_DIR) ] } {
+	set gitguilib $::env(GIT_GUI_LIB_DIR)
+} else {
+	set gitguilib {@@GITGUI_LIBDIR@@}
+}
+
 set env(PATH) "$gitexecdir:$env(PATH)"
 
 if {[string first -psn [lindex $argv 0]] == 0} {
@@ -12,7 +17,9 @@ if {[file tail [lindex $argv 0]] eq {gitk}} {
 } else {
 	set argv0 [file join $gitexecdir [file tail [lindex $argv 0]]]
 	set AppMain_source [file join $gitguilib git-gui.tcl]
-	if {[pwd] eq {/}} {
+	if {[info exists env(PWD)]} {
+		cd $env(PWD)
+	} elseif {[pwd] eq {/}} {
 		cd $env(HOME)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist b/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist
index b3bf15fa1c..1ade121c4c 100644
--- a/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist
+++ b/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist
@@ -24,5 +24,7 @@
 	<string>GITg</string>
 	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
 	<string>@@GITGUI_VERSION@@</string>
+	<key>NSHighResolutionCapable</key>
+	<true/>
 </dict>
 </plist>
diff --git a/git-gui/po/bg.po b/git-gui/po/bg.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d9b039dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/po/bg.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2714 @@
+# Bulgarian translation of git-gui po-file.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git package.
+# Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git-gui master\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-07 07:37+0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-07 07:46+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
+"Language: bg\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:861
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid font specified in %s:"
+msgstr "Указан е неправилен шрифт в „%s“:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:915
+msgid "Main Font"
+msgstr "О�новен шрифт"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:916
+msgid "Diff/Console Font"
+msgstr "Шрифт за разликите/конзолата"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:931 git-gui.sh:945 git-gui.sh:958 git-gui.sh:1048
+#: git-gui.sh:1067 git-gui.sh:3125
+msgid "git-gui: fatal error"
+msgstr "git-gui: фатална грешка"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:932
+msgid "Cannot find git in PATH."
+msgstr "Командата git лип�ва в път� (PATH)."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:959
+msgid "Cannot parse Git version string:"
+msgstr "�изът � вер�и�та на Git не може да бъде интерпретиран:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:984
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Git version cannot be determined.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s claims it is version '%s'.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s requires at least Git 1.5.0 or later.\n"
+"\n"
+"Assume '%s' is version 1.5.0?\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Вер�и�та на Git не може да бъде определена.\n"
+"\n"
+"Вер�и�та на „%s“ изглежда, че е „%s“.\n"
+"\n"
+"„%s“ изи�ква Git, вер�и� поне 1.5.0.\n"
+"\n"
+"Да �е приеме ли, че „%s“ е вер�и� „1.5.0“?\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1281
+msgid "Git directory not found:"
+msgstr "Директори�та на Git не е открита:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1315
+msgid "Cannot move to top of working directory:"
+msgstr "�е може да �е премине към родител�ката  директори�."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1323
+msgid "Cannot use bare repository:"
+msgstr "Голо хранилище не може да �е използва:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1331
+msgid "No working directory"
+msgstr "Работната директори� лип�ва"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1503 lib/checkout_op.tcl:306
+msgid "Refreshing file status..."
+msgstr "Обнов�ване на �ъ�то�нието на файла…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1563
+msgid "Scanning for modified files ..."
+msgstr "Проверка за променени файлове…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1639
+msgid "Calling prepare-commit-msg hook..."
+msgstr "Куката „prepare-commit-msg“ �е изпълн�ва в момента…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1656
+msgid "Commit declined by prepare-commit-msg hook."
+msgstr "Подаването е отхвърлено от куката „prepare-commit-msg“."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1814 lib/browser.tcl:252
+msgid "Ready."
+msgstr "Готово."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1978
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Display limit (gui.maxfilesdisplayed = %s) reached, not showing all %s files."
+msgstr ""
+"До�тигнат е мак�имални�т брой файлове за показване (gui.maxfilesdisplayed = "
+"%s). Файловете �а общо %s."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2101
+msgid "Unmodified"
+msgstr "�епроменен"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2103
+msgid "Modified, not staged"
+msgstr "Променен, но не е в индек�а"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2104 git-gui.sh:2116
+msgid "Staged for commit"
+msgstr "В индек�а за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2105 git-gui.sh:2117
+msgid "Portions staged for commit"
+msgstr "Ча�ти �а в индек�а за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2106 git-gui.sh:2118
+msgid "Staged for commit, missing"
+msgstr "В индек�а за подаване, но лип�ва"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2108
+msgid "File type changed, not staged"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е �менен, но не е в индек�а"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2109 git-gui.sh:2110
+msgid "File type changed, old type staged for commit"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е �менен, но в индек�а е в�е още �тари�т"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2111
+msgid "File type changed, staged"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е �менен и е в индек�а"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2112
+msgid "File type change staged, modification not staged"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е �менен, но пром�ната не е в индек�а"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2113
+msgid "File type change staged, file missing"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е �менен, файлът лип�ва"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2115
+msgid "Untracked, not staged"
+msgstr "�е�леден"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2120
+msgid "Missing"
+msgstr "Лип�ващ"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2121
+msgid "Staged for removal"
+msgstr "В индек�а за изтриване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2122
+msgid "Staged for removal, still present"
+msgstr "В индек�а за изтриване, но още го има"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2124 git-gui.sh:2125 git-gui.sh:2126 git-gui.sh:2127
+#: git-gui.sh:2128 git-gui.sh:2129
+msgid "Requires merge resolution"
+msgstr "Изи�ква коригиране при �ливане"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2164
+msgid "Starting gitk... please wait..."
+msgstr "Стартиране на „gitk“…, изчакайте…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2176
+msgid "Couldn't find gitk in PATH"
+msgstr "Командата „gitk“ лип�ва в пътищата, определени от променливата PATH."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2235
+msgid "Couldn't find git gui in PATH"
+msgstr ""
+"Командата „git gui“ лип�ва в пътищата, определени от променливата PATH."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2654 lib/choose_repository.tcl:41
+msgid "Repository"
+msgstr "Хранилище"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2655
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Редактиране"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2657 lib/choose_rev.tcl:567
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Клон"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2660 lib/choose_rev.tcl:554
+msgid "Commit@@noun"
+msgstr "Подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2663 lib/merge.tcl:123 lib/merge.tcl:152 lib/merge.tcl:170
+msgid "Merge"
+msgstr "Сливане"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2664 lib/choose_rev.tcl:563
+msgid "Remote"
+msgstr "Отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2667
+msgid "Tools"
+msgstr "Команди"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2676
+msgid "Explore Working Copy"
+msgstr "Разглеждане на работното копие"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2682
+msgid "Git Bash"
+msgstr "Bash за Git"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2692
+msgid "Browse Current Branch's Files"
+msgstr "Разглеждане на файловете в текущи� клон"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2696
+msgid "Browse Branch Files..."
+msgstr "Разглеждане на текущи� клон…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2701
+msgid "Visualize Current Branch's History"
+msgstr "Визуализаци� на и�тори�та на текущи� клон"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2705
+msgid "Visualize All Branch History"
+msgstr "Визуализаци� на и�тори�та на в�ички клонове"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2712
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Browse %s's Files"
+msgstr "Разглеждане на файловете в %s"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2714
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Visualize %s's History"
+msgstr "Визуализаци� на и�тори�та на %s"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2719 lib/database.tcl:40 lib/database.tcl:66
+msgid "Database Statistics"
+msgstr "Стати�тика на базата от данни"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2722 lib/database.tcl:33
+msgid "Compress Database"
+msgstr "Компре�иране на базата от данни"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2725
+msgid "Verify Database"
+msgstr "Проверка на базата от данни"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2732 git-gui.sh:2736 git-gui.sh:2740 lib/shortcut.tcl:8
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:40 lib/shortcut.tcl:72
+msgid "Create Desktop Icon"
+msgstr "Добав�не на икона на работни� плот"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2748 lib/choose_repository.tcl:193 lib/choose_repository.tcl:201
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Спиране на програмата"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2756
+msgid "Undo"
+msgstr "Отм�на"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2759
+msgid "Redo"
+msgstr "Повторение"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2763 git-gui.sh:3368
+msgid "Cut"
+msgstr "Отр�зване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2766 git-gui.sh:3371 git-gui.sh:3445 git-gui.sh:3530
+#: lib/console.tcl:69
+msgid "Copy"
+msgstr "Копиране"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2769 git-gui.sh:3374
+msgid "Paste"
+msgstr "По�тав�не"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2772 git-gui.sh:3377 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:39
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:28
+msgid "Delete"
+msgstr "Изтриване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2776 git-gui.sh:3381 git-gui.sh:3534 lib/console.tcl:71
+msgid "Select All"
+msgstr "Избиране на в�ичко"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2785
+msgid "Create..."
+msgstr "Създаване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2791
+msgid "Checkout..."
+msgstr "Изтегл�не…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2797
+msgid "Rename..."
+msgstr "Преименуване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2802
+msgid "Delete..."
+msgstr "Изтриване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2807
+msgid "Reset..."
+msgstr "Отм�на на промените…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2817
+msgid "Done"
+msgstr "Готово"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2819
+msgid "Commit@@verb"
+msgstr "Подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2828 git-gui.sh:3309
+msgid "New Commit"
+msgstr "�ово подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2836 git-gui.sh:3316
+msgid "Amend Last Commit"
+msgstr "Поправ�не на по�ледното подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2846 git-gui.sh:3270 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:101
+msgid "Rescan"
+msgstr "Обнов�ване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2852
+msgid "Stage To Commit"
+msgstr "Към индек�а за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2858
+msgid "Stage Changed Files To Commit"
+msgstr "В�ички променени файлове към индек�а за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2864
+msgid "Unstage From Commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане от индек�а за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2870 lib/index.tcl:442
+msgid "Revert Changes"
+msgstr "Връщане на оригинала"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2878 git-gui.sh:3581 git-gui.sh:3612
+msgid "Show Less Context"
+msgstr "По-малко контек�т"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2882 git-gui.sh:3585 git-gui.sh:3616
+msgid "Show More Context"
+msgstr "Повече контек�т"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2889 git-gui.sh:3283 git-gui.sh:3392
+msgid "Sign Off"
+msgstr "Подпи�ване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2905
+msgid "Local Merge..."
+msgstr "Локално �ливане…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2910
+msgid "Abort Merge..."
+msgstr "Преу�танов�ване на �ливане…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2922 git-gui.sh:2950
+msgid "Add..."
+msgstr "Добав�не…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2926
+msgid "Push..."
+msgstr "Избутване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2930
+msgid "Delete Branch..."
+msgstr "Изтриване на клон…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2940 git-gui.sh:3563
+msgid "Options..."
+msgstr "Опции…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2951
+msgid "Remove..."
+msgstr "Премахване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2960 lib/choose_repository.tcl:55
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Помощ"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2964 git-gui.sh:2968 lib/choose_repository.tcl:49
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:58 lib/about.tcl:14
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "About %s"
+msgstr "Отно�но %s"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2992
+msgid "Online Documentation"
+msgstr "Документаци� в Интернет"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2995 lib/choose_repository.tcl:52 lib/choose_repository.tcl:61
+msgid "Show SSH Key"
+msgstr "Показване на ключа за SSH"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3014 git-gui.sh:3146
+msgid "Usage"
+msgstr "Употреба"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3095 lib/blame.tcl:573
+msgid "Error"
+msgstr "Грешка"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3126
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fatal: cannot stat path %s: No such file or directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Ф�Т�Л�� ГРЕШК�: път�т %s не може да бъде открит: такъв файл или директори� "
+"н�ма"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3159
+msgid "Current Branch:"
+msgstr "Текущ клон:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3185
+msgid "Staged Changes (Will Commit)"
+msgstr "Промени в индек�а (за подаване)"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3205
+msgid "Unstaged Changes"
+msgstr "Промени извън индек�а"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3276
+msgid "Stage Changed"
+msgstr "Индек�ът е променен"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3295 lib/transport.tcl:137 lib/transport.tcl:229
+msgid "Push"
+msgstr "Изтла�кване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3330
+msgid "Initial Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Първоначално �ъобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3331
+msgid "Amended Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Поправено �ъобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3332
+msgid "Amended Initial Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Поправено първоначално �ъобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3333
+msgid "Amended Merge Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Поправено �ъобщение при подаване �ъ� �ливане:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3334
+msgid "Merge Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Съобщение при подаване �ъ� �ливане:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3335
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Съобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3384 git-gui.sh:3538 lib/console.tcl:73
+msgid "Copy All"
+msgstr "Копиране на в�ичко"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3408 lib/blame.tcl:105
+msgid "File:"
+msgstr "Файл:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3526
+msgid "Refresh"
+msgstr "Обнов�ване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3547
+msgid "Decrease Font Size"
+msgstr "По-едър шрифт"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3551
+msgid "Increase Font Size"
+msgstr "По-дребен шрифт"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3559 lib/blame.tcl:294
+msgid "Encoding"
+msgstr "Кодиране"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3570
+msgid "Apply/Reverse Hunk"
+msgstr "Прилагане/връщане на парче"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3575
+msgid "Apply/Reverse Line"
+msgstr "Прилагане/връщане на ред"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3594
+msgid "Run Merge Tool"
+msgstr "Изпълнение на програмата за �ливане"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3599
+msgid "Use Remote Version"
+msgstr "Вер�и� от отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3603
+msgid "Use Local Version"
+msgstr "Локална вер�и�"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3607
+msgid "Revert To Base"
+msgstr "Връщане към родител�ката вер�и�"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3625
+msgid "Visualize These Changes In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Визуализиране на промените в подмодула"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3629
+msgid "Visualize Current Branch History In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Визуализаци� на и�тори�та на текущи� клон в и�тори�та за подмодула"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3633
+msgid "Visualize All Branch History In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Визуализаци� на и�тори�та на в�ички клони в и�тори�та за подмодула"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3638
+msgid "Start git gui In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Стартиране на „git gui“ за подмодула"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3673
+msgid "Unstage Hunk From Commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане на парчето от подаването"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3675
+msgid "Unstage Lines From Commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане на редовете от подаването"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3677
+msgid "Unstage Line From Commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане на реда от подаването"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3680
+msgid "Stage Hunk For Commit"
+msgstr "Добав�не на парчето за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3682
+msgid "Stage Lines For Commit"
+msgstr "Добав�не на редовете за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3684
+msgid "Stage Line For Commit"
+msgstr "Добав�не на реда за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3709
+msgid "Initializing..."
+msgstr "Инициализиране…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3852
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Possible environment issues exist.\n"
+"\n"
+"The following environment variables are probably\n"
+"going to be ignored by any Git subprocess run\n"
+"by %s:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Възможно е да има проблем �ъ� �редата.\n"
+"\n"
+"�ай-веро�тно �ледните променливи н�ма да бъдат\n"
+"взети под внимание от подпроце�ите на Git\n"
+"от %s:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3881
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"This is due to a known issue with the\n"
+"Tcl binary distributed by Cygwin."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Това е познат проблем и �е дължи на\n"
+"вер�и�та на Tcl включена в Cygwin."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3886
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"\n"
+"A good replacement for %s\n"
+"is placing values for the user.name and\n"
+"user.email settings into your personal\n"
+"~/.gitconfig file.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\n"
+"Добър заме�тител на „%s“\n"
+"е да по�тавите на�тройките „user.name“ и\n"
+"„user.email“ в лични� �и файл „~/.gitconfig“.\n"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:57
+msgid "Unsupported spell checker"
+msgstr "Тази програма за проверка на правопи�а не �е поддържа"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:65
+msgid "Spell checking is unavailable"
+msgstr "Лип�ва програма за проверка на правопи�а"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:68
+msgid "Invalid spell checking configuration"
+msgstr "�еправилни на�тройки на проверката на правопи�а"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:70
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reverting dictionary to %s."
+msgstr "Ползване на речник за език „%s“."
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:73
+msgid "Spell checker silently failed on startup"
+msgstr "Програмата за правопи� даже не �тартира у�пешно."
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:80
+msgid "Unrecognized spell checker"
+msgstr "�епозната програма за проверка на правопи�а"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:186
+msgid "No Suggestions"
+msgstr "��ма предложени�"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:388
+msgid "Unexpected EOF from spell checker"
+msgstr "�еочакван край на файл от програмата за проверка на правопи�а"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:392
+msgid "Spell Checker Failed"
+msgstr "Грешка в програмата за проверка на правопи�а"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:20
+msgid "Add Remote"
+msgstr "Добав�не на отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:25
+msgid "Add New Remote"
+msgstr "Добав�не на отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:30 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:37
+msgid "Add"
+msgstr "Добав�не"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:34 lib/browser.tcl:292 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:30
+#: lib/transport.tcl:141 lib/branch_rename.tcl:32 lib/choose_font.tcl:45
+#: lib/option.tcl:127 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:202
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:345 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:43
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:579 lib/branch_create.tcl:37 lib/branch_delete.tcl:34
+#: lib/merge.tcl:174
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Отказване"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:39
+msgid "Remote Details"
+msgstr "Данни за отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:51 lib/branch_create.tcl:44
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Име:"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:50
+msgid "Location:"
+msgstr "Ме�тоположение:"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:60
+msgid "Further Action"
+msgstr "Следващо дей�твие"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:63
+msgid "Fetch Immediately"
+msgstr "�езабавно до�тав�не"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:69
+msgid "Initialize Remote Repository and Push"
+msgstr "Инициализиране на отдалеченото хранилище и изтла�кване на промените"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:75
+msgid "Do Nothing Else Now"
+msgstr "Да не �е прави нищо"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:100
+msgid "Please supply a remote name."
+msgstr "Задайте име за отдалеченото хранилище."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:113
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable remote name."
+msgstr "Отдалечено хранилище не може да �е казва „%s“."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:124
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to add remote '%s' of location '%s'."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно добав�не на отдалеченото хранилище „%s“ от адре� „%s“."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:132 lib/transport.tcl:6
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fetch %s"
+msgstr "до�тав�не на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching the %s"
+msgstr "До�тав�не на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:156
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Do not know how to initialize repository at location '%s'."
+msgstr "Хранилището � ме�тоположение „%s“ не може да бъде инициализирано."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:162 lib/transport.tcl:54 lib/transport.tcl:92
+#: lib/transport.tcl:110
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "push %s"
+msgstr "изтла�кване на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:163
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Setting up the %s (at %s)"
+msgstr "Добав�не на хранилище „%s“ (� адре� „%s“)"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:17
+msgid "Starting..."
+msgstr "Стартиране…"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:27
+msgid "File Browser"
+msgstr "Файлов браузър"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:132 lib/browser.tcl:149
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Loading %s..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:193
+msgid "[Up To Parent]"
+msgstr "[Към родител�]"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:275 lib/browser.tcl:282
+msgid "Browse Branch Files"
+msgstr "Разглеждане на файловете в клона"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:288 lib/choose_repository.tcl:422
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:509 lib/choose_repository.tcl:518
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1074
+msgid "Browse"
+msgstr "Разглеждане"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:297 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:35 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:321
+msgid "Revision"
+msgstr "Вер�и�"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:75
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Running %s requires a selected file."
+msgstr "За изпълнението на „%s“ тр�бва да изберете файл."
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:91
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Are you sure you want to run %1$s on file \"%2$s\"?"
+msgstr "Сигурни ли �те, че и�кате да изпълните „%1$s“ върху файла „%2$s“?"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:95
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Are you sure you want to run %s?"
+msgstr "Сигурни ли �те, че и�кате да изпълните „%s“?"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:116
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool: %s"
+msgstr "Команда: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:117
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Running: %s"
+msgstr "Изпълнение: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:155
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool completed successfully: %s"
+msgstr "Командата завърши у�пешно: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:157
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool failed: %s"
+msgstr "Командата върна грешка: %s"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:16 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:21
+msgid "Checkout Branch"
+msgstr "Клон за изтегл�не"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:26
+msgid "Checkout"
+msgstr "Изтегл�не"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:39 lib/option.tcl:310 lib/branch_create.tcl:69
+msgid "Options"
+msgstr "Опции"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:42 lib/branch_create.tcl:92
+msgid "Fetch Tracking Branch"
+msgstr "Изтегл�не на промените от �ледени� клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:47
+msgid "Detach From Local Branch"
+msgstr "Изтриване от локални� клон"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:7
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching new changes from %s"
+msgstr "До�тав�не на промените от „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:18
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "remote prune %s"
+msgstr "ока�тр�не на �лед�щите клони към „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:19
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from %s"
+msgstr "Ока�тр�не на �лед�щите клони на изтритите клони от „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:25
+msgid "fetch all remotes"
+msgstr "до�тав�не на в�ички отдалечени хранилища"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:26
+msgid "Fetching new changes from all remotes"
+msgstr "До�тав�не на новите промени от в�ички отдалечени хранилища"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:40
+msgid "remote prune all remotes"
+msgstr "ока�тр�не на в�ички �лед�щи клони"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:41
+msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from all remotes"
+msgstr ""
+"Ока�тр�не на в�ички клони, които �лед�т изтрити клони от отдалечени хранилища"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:55
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pushing changes to %s"
+msgstr "Изтла�кване на промените към „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:93
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Mirroring to %s"
+msgstr "Изтла�кване на в�ичко към „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:111
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pushing %s %s to %s"
+msgstr "Изтла�кване на %s „%s“ към „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:132
+msgid "Push Branches"
+msgstr "Клони за изтла�кване"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:147
+msgid "Source Branches"
+msgstr "Клони-източници"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:162
+msgid "Destination Repository"
+msgstr "Целево хранилище"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:165 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:51
+msgid "Remote:"
+msgstr "Отдалечено хранилище:"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:187 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:72
+msgid "Arbitrary Location:"
+msgstr "Произволно ме�тоположение:"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:205
+msgid "Transfer Options"
+msgstr "�а�тройки при прена��нето"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:207
+msgid "Force overwrite existing branch (may discard changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Изрично презапи�ване на �ъще�твуващ клон (н�кои промени може да бъдат "
+"загубени)"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:211
+msgid "Use thin pack (for slow network connections)"
+msgstr "Мак�имална компре�и� (за бавни мрежови връзки)"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:215
+msgid "Include tags"
+msgstr "Включване на етикетите"
+
+#: lib/status_bar.tcl:87
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s ... %*i of %*i %s (%3i%%)"
+msgstr "%s… %*i от общо %*i %s (%3i%%)"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:200
+msgid "Push to"
+msgstr "Изтла�кване към"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:218
+msgid "Remove Remote"
+msgstr "Премахване на отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:223
+msgid "Prune from"
+msgstr "Ока�тр�не от"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:228
+msgid "Fetch from"
+msgstr "До�тав�не от"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:31
+msgid "No keys found."
+msgstr "�е �а открити ключове."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:34
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Found a public key in: %s"
+msgstr "Открит е публичен ключ в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:40
+msgid "Generate Key"
+msgstr "Генериране на ключ"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:55 lib/checkout_op.tcl:146 lib/console.tcl:81
+#: lib/database.tcl:30
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Затвар�не"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:58
+msgid "Copy To Clipboard"
+msgstr "Копиране към �и�темни� буфер"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:72
+msgid "Your OpenSSH Public Key"
+msgstr "Публични�т ви ключ за OpenSSH"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:80
+msgid "Generating..."
+msgstr "Генериране…"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:86
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not start ssh-keygen:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Програмата „ssh-keygen“ не може да бъде �тартирана:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:113
+msgid "Generation failed."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно генериране."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:120
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
+msgstr "Генерирането завърши у�пешно, а не �а намерени ключове."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:123
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Your key is in: %s"
+msgstr "Ключът ви е в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:15 lib/branch_rename.tcl:23
+msgid "Rename Branch"
+msgstr "Преименуване на клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:28
+msgid "Rename"
+msgstr "Преименуване"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:38
+msgid "Branch:"
+msgstr "Клон:"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:46
+msgid "New Name:"
+msgstr "�ово име:"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:81
+msgid "Please select a branch to rename."
+msgstr "Изберете клон за преименуване."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:92 lib/branch_create.tcl:154
+msgid "Please supply a branch name."
+msgstr "Дайте име на клона."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:102 lib/checkout_op.tcl:202
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ вече �ъще�твува."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:112 lib/branch_create.tcl:165
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable branch name."
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е използва за име на клон."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:123
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to rename '%s'."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно преименуване на „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:41
+msgid "Select"
+msgstr "Избор"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:55
+msgid "Font Family"
+msgstr "Шрифт"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:76
+msgid "Font Size"
+msgstr "Размер"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:93
+msgid "Font Example"
+msgstr "Мо�тра"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:105
+msgid ""
+"This is example text.\n"
+"If you like this text, it can be your font."
+msgstr ""
+"Това е примерен тек�т.\n"
+"�ко ви харе�ва как изглежда, изберете шрифта."
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:11
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid global encoding '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправилно глобално кодиране „%s“"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:19
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid repo encoding '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправилно кодиране „%s“ на хранилището"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:119
+msgid "Restore Defaults"
+msgstr "Стандартни на�тройки"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:123
+msgid "Save"
+msgstr "Запазване"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s Repository"
+msgstr "Хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:134
+msgid "Global (All Repositories)"
+msgstr "Глобално (за в�ички хранилища)"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:140
+msgid "User Name"
+msgstr "Потребител�ко име"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:141
+msgid "Email Address"
+msgstr "�дре� на е-поща"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:143
+msgid "Summarize Merge Commits"
+msgstr "Обобщаване на подавани�та при �ливане"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:144
+msgid "Merge Verbosity"
+msgstr "Подробно�ти при �ливани�та"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:145
+msgid "Show Diffstat After Merge"
+msgstr "Извеждане на �тати�тика �лед �ливани�та"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:146
+msgid "Use Merge Tool"
+msgstr "Използване на програма за �ливане"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:148
+msgid "Trust File Modification Timestamps"
+msgstr "Доверие във времето на пром�на на файловете"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:149
+msgid "Prune Tracking Branches During Fetch"
+msgstr "Ока�тр�не на �лед�щите клонове при до�тав�не"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:150
+msgid "Match Tracking Branches"
+msgstr "�апа�ване на �лед�щите клонове"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:151
+msgid "Use Textconv For Diffs and Blames"
+msgstr ""
+"Преобразуване на тек�та � „textconv“ при анотиране и извеждане на разлики"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:152
+msgid "Blame Copy Only On Changed Files"
+msgstr "�нотиране на копието �амо по променените файлове"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:153
+msgid "Maximum Length of Recent Repositories List"
+msgstr "Мак�имална дължина на �пи�ъка �ъ� �коро ползвани хранилища"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:154
+msgid "Minimum Letters To Blame Copy On"
+msgstr "Минимален брой знаци за анотиране на копието"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:155
+msgid "Blame History Context Radius (days)"
+msgstr "И�ториче�ки обхват за анотиране в дни"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:156
+msgid "Number of Diff Context Lines"
+msgstr "Брой редове за контек�та при извеждане на разликите"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:157
+msgid "Additional Diff Parameters"
+msgstr "Допълнителни аргументи към „git diff“"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:158
+msgid "Commit Message Text Width"
+msgstr "Широчина на тек�та на �ъобщението при подаване"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:159
+msgid "New Branch Name Template"
+msgstr "Шаблон за името на новите клони"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:160
+msgid "Default File Contents Encoding"
+msgstr "Стандартно кодиране на файловете"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:161
+msgid "Warn before committing to a detached head"
+msgstr "Предупреждаване при подаването при не�вързан връх"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:162
+msgid "Staging of untracked files"
+msgstr "Вкарване на не�ледени файлове в индек�а"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:163
+msgid "Show untracked files"
+msgstr "Показване на не�ледените файлове"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:164
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Размер на табулаци�та в интервали"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:210
+msgid "Change"
+msgstr "См�на"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:254
+msgid "Spelling Dictionary:"
+msgstr "Правопи�ен речник:"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:284
+msgid "Change Font"
+msgstr "См�на на шрифта"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:288
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Choose %s"
+msgstr "Избор на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:294
+msgid "pt."
+msgstr "тчк."
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:308
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "�а�тройки"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:345
+msgid "Failed to completely save options:"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно запазване на на�тройките:"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:443
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "Стандартното"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:448
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "System (%s)"
+msgstr "Си�темното (%s)"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:459 lib/encoding.tcl:465
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Друго"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:8
+msgid "Force resolution to the base version?"
+msgstr "Да �е използва базовата вер�и�"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:9
+msgid "Force resolution to this branch?"
+msgstr "Да �е използва вер�и�та от този клон"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:10
+msgid "Force resolution to the other branch?"
+msgstr "Да �е използва вер�и�та от други� клон"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:14
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the diff shows only conflicting changes.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s will be overwritten.\n"
+"\n"
+"This operation can be undone only by restarting the merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Разликата показва �амо разликите � конфликт.\n"
+"\n"
+"Файлът „%s“ ще бъде презапи�ан.\n"
+"\n"
+"Тази операци� може да бъде отменена �амо чрез започване на �ливането наново."
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:45
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "File %s seems to have unresolved conflicts, still stage?"
+msgstr ""
+"Изглежда, че в�е още има некоригирани конфликти във файла „%s“. Да �е добави "
+"ли файлът към индек�а?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:60
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Adding resolution for %s"
+msgstr "Добав�не на корекци� на конфликтите в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:141
+msgid "Cannot resolve deletion or link conflicts using a tool"
+msgstr ""
+"Конфликтите при �имволни връзки или изтриване не могат да бъдат коригирани � "
+"външна програма."
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:146
+msgid "Conflict file does not exist"
+msgstr "Файлът, в който е конфликтът, не �ъще�твува"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:246
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Not a GUI merge tool: '%s'"
+msgstr "Това не е графична програма за �ливане: „%s“"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:275
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unsupported merge tool '%s'"
+msgstr "�еподдържана програма за �ливане: „%s“"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:310
+msgid "Merge tool is already running, terminate it?"
+msgstr "Програмата за �ливане вече е �тартирана. Да бъде ли изключена?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:330
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Error retrieving versions:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Грешка при изтегл�нето на вер�ии:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:350
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not start the merge tool:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Програмата за �ливане не може да бъде �тартирана:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:354
+msgid "Running merge tool..."
+msgstr "Стартиране на програмата за �ливане…"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:382 lib/mergetool.tcl:390
+msgid "Merge tool failed."
+msgstr "Грешка в програмата за �ливане."
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:22
+msgid "Add Tool"
+msgstr "Добав�не на команда"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:28
+msgid "Add New Tool Command"
+msgstr "Добав�не на команда"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:34
+msgid "Add globally"
+msgstr "Глобално добав�не"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:46
+msgid "Tool Details"
+msgstr "Подробно�ти за командата"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:49
+msgid "Use '/' separators to create a submenu tree:"
+msgstr "За �ъздаване на подменюта използвайте знака „/“ за разделител:"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:60
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Команда:"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:71
+msgid "Show a dialog before running"
+msgstr "Преди изпълнение да �е извежда диалогов прозорец"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:77
+msgid "Ask the user to select a revision (sets $REVISION)"
+msgstr "Потребител�т да укаже вер�и� (задаване на променливата $REVISION)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:82
+msgid "Ask the user for additional arguments (sets $ARGS)"
+msgstr ""
+"Потребител�т да укаже допълнителни аргументи (задаване на променливата $ARGS)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:89
+msgid "Don't show the command output window"
+msgstr "Без показване на прозорец � изхода от командата"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:94
+msgid "Run only if a diff is selected ($FILENAME not empty)"
+msgstr ""
+"Стартиране �амо �лед избор на разлика (променливата $FILENAME не е празна)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:118
+msgid "Please supply a name for the tool."
+msgstr "Задайте име за командата."
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:126
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Командата „%s“ вече �ъще�твува."
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:148
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not add tool:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Командата не може да бъде добавена:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:187
+msgid "Remove Tool"
+msgstr "Премахване на команда"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:193
+msgid "Remove Tool Commands"
+msgstr "Премахване на команди"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:198
+msgid "Remove"
+msgstr "Премахване"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:231
+msgid "(Blue denotes repository-local tools)"
+msgstr "(командите към локалното хранилище �а обозначени в �иньо)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:292
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Run Command: %s"
+msgstr "Изпълнение на командата „%s“"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:306
+msgid "Arguments"
+msgstr "�ргументи"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:336 lib/checkout_op.tcl:567 lib/merge.tcl:166
+msgid "Visualize"
+msgstr "Визуализаци�"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:341
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Добре"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:48
+msgid "Find:"
+msgstr "Тър�ене:"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:50
+msgid "Next"
+msgstr "Следваща по�ва"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:51
+msgid "Prev"
+msgstr "Предишна по�ва"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:52
+msgid "RegExp"
+msgstr "Рег. израз"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:54
+msgid "Case"
+msgstr "Реги�тър"
+
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:21 lib/shortcut.tcl:62
+msgid "Cannot write shortcut:"
+msgstr "Клавишната комбинаци� не може да бъде запазена:"
+
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:137
+msgid "Cannot write icon:"
+msgstr "Иконата не може да бъде запазена:"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:77
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"No differences detected.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s has no changes.\n"
+"\n"
+"The modification date of this file was updated by another application, but "
+"the content within the file was not changed.\n"
+"\n"
+"A rescan will be automatically started to find other files which may have "
+"the same state."
+msgstr ""
+"�е �а открити разлики.\n"
+"\n"
+"��ма промени в „%s“.\n"
+"\n"
+"Времето на пром�на на файла е бил зададен от друга програма, но �ъдържанието "
+"му не е променено.\n"
+"\n"
+"�втоматично ще започне нова проверка дали н�ма други файлове в това "
+"�ъ�то�ние."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:117
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Loading diff of %s..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на разликите в „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:140
+msgid ""
+"LOCAL: deleted\n"
+"REMOTE:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"ЛОК�Л�О: изтрит\n"
+"ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�О:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:145
+msgid ""
+"REMOTE: deleted\n"
+"LOCAL:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�О: изтрит\n"
+"ЛОК�Л�О:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:152
+msgid "LOCAL:\n"
+msgstr "ЛОК�Л�О:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:155
+msgid "REMOTE:\n"
+msgstr "ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�О:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:217 lib/diff.tcl:355
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to display %s"
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не може да бъде показан"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:218
+msgid "Error loading file:"
+msgstr "Грешка при зареждане на файл:"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:225
+msgid "Git Repository (subproject)"
+msgstr "Хранилище на Git (подмодул)"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:237
+msgid "* Binary file (not showing content)."
+msgstr "� Двоичен файл (�ъдържанието не �е показва)."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:242
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"* Untracked file is %d bytes.\n"
+"* Showing only first %d bytes.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"� �е�ледени�т файл е %d байта.\n"
+"� Показват �е �амо първите %d байта.\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:248
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"* Untracked file clipped here by %s.\n"
+"* To see the entire file, use an external editor.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"� �е�ледени�т файл е отр�зан дотук от програмата „%s“.\n"
+"� Използвайте външен редактор, за да видите цели� файл.\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:356 lib/blame.tcl:1128
+msgid "Error loading diff:"
+msgstr "Грешка при зареждане на разлика:"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:578
+msgid "Failed to unstage selected hunk."
+msgstr "Избраното парче не може да бъде извадено от индек�а."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:585
+msgid "Failed to stage selected hunk."
+msgstr "Избраното парче не може да бъде добавено към индек�а."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:664
+msgid "Failed to unstage selected line."
+msgstr "Избрани�т ред не може да бъде изваден от индек�а."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:672
+msgid "Failed to stage selected line."
+msgstr "Избрани�т ред не може да бъде добавен към индек�а."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:29 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:34
+msgid "Delete Branch Remotely"
+msgstr "Изтриване на отдалечени� клон"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:48
+msgid "From Repository"
+msgstr "От хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:88
+msgid "Branches"
+msgstr "Клони"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:110
+msgid "Delete Only If"
+msgstr "Изтриване, �амо ако"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:112
+msgid "Merged Into:"
+msgstr "Сл�т в:"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:120 lib/branch_delete.tcl:53
+msgid "Always (Do not perform merge checks)"
+msgstr "Винаги (без проверка за �ливане)"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:153
+msgid "A branch is required for 'Merged Into'."
+msgstr "За данните „Сл�т в“ е необходимо да зададете клон."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:185
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The following branches are not completely merged into %s:\n"
+"\n"
+" - %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Следните клони не �а �лети напълно в „%s“:\n"
+"\n"
+" â—� %s"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:190
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"One or more of the merge tests failed because you have not fetched the "
+"necessary commits.  Try fetching from %s first."
+msgstr ""
+"Поне една от пробите за �ливане е неу�пешна, защото не �те до�тавили в�ички "
+"необходими подавани�. Пробвайте първо да до�тавите подавани�та от „%s“."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:208
+msgid "Please select one or more branches to delete."
+msgstr "Изберете поне един клон за изтриване."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:218 lib/branch_delete.tcl:115
+msgid ""
+"Recovering deleted branches is difficult.\n"
+"\n"
+"Delete the selected branches?"
+msgstr ""
+"Въз�танов�ването на изтрити клони може да е трудно.\n"
+"\n"
+"Сигурни ли �те, че и�кате да триете?"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:227
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Deleting branches from %s"
+msgstr "Изтриване на клони от „%s“"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:300
+msgid "No repository selected."
+msgstr "�е е избрано хранилище."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:305
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Scanning %s..."
+msgstr "Претър�ване на „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:33
+msgid "Git Gui"
+msgstr "ГПИ на Git"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:92 lib/choose_repository.tcl:412
+msgid "Create New Repository"
+msgstr "Създаване на ново хранилище"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:98
+msgid "New..."
+msgstr "�ово…"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:105 lib/choose_repository.tcl:496
+msgid "Clone Existing Repository"
+msgstr "Клониране на �ъще�твуващо хранилище"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:116
+msgid "Clone..."
+msgstr "Клониране…"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:123 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1064
+msgid "Open Existing Repository"
+msgstr "Отвар�не на �ъще�твуващо хранилище"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:129
+msgid "Open..."
+msgstr "Отвар�не…"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:142
+msgid "Recent Repositories"
+msgstr "Скоро ползвани"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:148
+msgid "Open Recent Repository:"
+msgstr "Отвар�не на хранилище ползвано на�коро:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:316 lib/choose_repository.tcl:323
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:330
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to create repository %s:"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно �ъздаване на хранилището „%s“:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:407 lib/branch_create.tcl:33
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Създаване"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:417
+msgid "Directory:"
+msgstr "Директори�:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:447 lib/choose_repository.tcl:573
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1098
+msgid "Git Repository"
+msgstr "Хранилище на Git"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:472
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Directory %s already exists."
+msgstr "Вече �ъще�твува директори� „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:476
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "File %s already exists."
+msgstr "Вече �ъще�твува файл „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:491
+msgid "Clone"
+msgstr "Клониране"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:504
+msgid "Source Location:"
+msgstr "�дре� на източника:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:513
+msgid "Target Directory:"
+msgstr "Целева директори�:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:523
+msgid "Clone Type:"
+msgstr "Вид клониране:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:528
+msgid "Standard (Fast, Semi-Redundant, Hardlinks)"
+msgstr "Стандартно (бързо, ча�тично �подел�не на файлове, твърди връзки)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:533
+msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
+msgstr "Пълно (бавно, пълноценно резервно копие)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:538
+msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
+msgstr "Споделено (най-бързо, не �е препоръчва, не прави резервно копие)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:545
+msgid "Recursively clone submodules too"
+msgstr "Рекур�ивно клониране и на подмодулите"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:579 lib/choose_repository.tcl:626
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:772 lib/choose_repository.tcl:842
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1104 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1112
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Not a Git repository: %s"
+msgstr "Това не е хранилище на Git: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:615
+msgid "Standard only available for local repository."
+msgstr "Само локални хранилища могат да �е клонират �тандартно"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:619
+msgid "Shared only available for local repository."
+msgstr "Само локални хранилища могат да �е клонират �поделено"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:640
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Location %s already exists."
+msgstr "Ме�тоположението „%s“ вече �ъще�твува."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:651
+msgid "Failed to configure origin"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно на�тройване на хранилището-източник"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:663
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Пребро�ване на обекти"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:664
+msgid "buckets"
+msgstr "клетки"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:688
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to copy objects/info/alternates: %s"
+msgstr "Обектите/информаци�та/�инонимите не могат да бъдат копирани: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:724
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Nothing to clone from %s."
+msgstr "��ма какво да �е клонира от „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:726 lib/choose_repository.tcl:940
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:952
+msgid "The 'master' branch has not been initialized."
+msgstr "О�новни�т клон — „master“ не е инициализиран."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:739
+msgid "Hardlinks are unavailable.  Falling back to copying."
+msgstr "�е �е поддържат твърди връзки. Преминава �е към копиране."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:751
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cloning from %s"
+msgstr "Клониране на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:782
+msgid "Copying objects"
+msgstr "Копиране на обекти"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:783
+msgid "KiB"
+msgstr "KiB"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:807
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to copy object: %s"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно копиране на обект: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:817
+msgid "Linking objects"
+msgstr "Създаване на връзки към обектите"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:818
+msgid "objects"
+msgstr "обекти"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:826
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to hardlink object: %s"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно �ъздаване на твърда връзка към обект: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:881
+msgid "Cannot fetch branches and objects.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Клоните и обектите не могат да бъдат изтеглени. За повече информаци� "
+"погледнете изхода на конзолата."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:892
+msgid "Cannot fetch tags.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Етикетите не могат да бъдат изтеглени. За повече информаци� погледнете "
+"изхода на конзолата."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:916
+msgid "Cannot determine HEAD.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Върхът „HEAD“ не може да бъде определен. За повече информаци� погледнете "
+"изхода на конзолата."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:925
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to cleanup %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е зачи�ти"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:931
+msgid "Clone failed."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно клониране."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:938
+msgid "No default branch obtained."
+msgstr "�е е получен клон по подразбиране."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:949
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot resolve %s as a commit."
+msgstr "��ма подаване отговар�що на „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:961
+msgid "Creating working directory"
+msgstr "Създаване на работната директори�"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:962 lib/index.tcl:70 lib/index.tcl:136
+#: lib/index.tcl:207
+msgid "files"
+msgstr "файлове"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:981
+msgid "Cannot clone submodules."
+msgstr "Подмодулите не могат да �е клонират."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:990
+msgid "Cloning submodules"
+msgstr "Клониране на подмодулите"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1015
+msgid "Initial file checkout failed."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно първоначално изтегл�не."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1059
+msgid "Open"
+msgstr "Отвар�не"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1069
+msgid "Repository:"
+msgstr "Хранилище:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1118
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to open repository %s:"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно отвар�не на хранилището „%s“:"
+
+#: lib/about.tcl:26
+msgid "git-gui - a graphical user interface for Git."
+msgstr "git-gui — графичен интерфей� за Git."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:85
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching %s from %s"
+msgstr "До�тав�не на „%s“ от „%s“"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fatal: Cannot resolve %s"
+msgstr "фатална грешка: „%s“ не може да �е открие"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:175
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' does not exist."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ не �ъще�твува."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:194
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to configure simplified git-pull for '%s'."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно на�тройване на опро�тен git-pull за „%s“."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:229
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Branch '%s' already exists.\n"
+"\n"
+"It cannot fast-forward to %s.\n"
+"A merge is required."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ �ъще�твува.\n"
+"\n"
+"Той не може да бъде тривиално �л�т до „%s“.\n"
+"�еобходимо е �ливане."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:243
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merge strategy '%s' not supported."
+msgstr "Стратеги� за �ливане  „%s“ не �е поддържа."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:262
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to update '%s'."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно обнов�ване на „%s“."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:274
+msgid "Staging area (index) is already locked."
+msgstr "Индек�ът вече е заключен."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:289
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before the current branch can be changed.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Съ�то�нието при по�ледната проверка не отговар� на �ъ�то�нието на "
+"хранилището.\n"
+"\n"
+"��кой друг проце� за Git е променил хранилището междувременно. Съ�то�нието "
+"тр�бва да бъде проверено, преди да �е премине към нов клон.\n"
+"\n"
+"�втоматично ще започне нова проверка.\n"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:345
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Updating working directory to '%s'..."
+msgstr "Работната директори� �е привежда към „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:346
+msgid "files checked out"
+msgstr "файла �а изтеглени"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:376
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Aborted checkout of '%s' (file level merging is required)."
+msgstr ""
+"Преу�танов�ване на изтегл�нето на „%s“ (необходимо е пофайлово �ливане)."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:377
+msgid "File level merge required."
+msgstr "�еобходимо е пофайлово �ливане."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:381
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Staying on branch '%s'."
+msgstr "О�таване върху клона „%s“."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:452
+msgid ""
+"You are no longer on a local branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to be on a branch, create one now starting from 'This Detached "
+"Checkout'."
+msgstr ""
+"Вече не �те на локален клон.\n"
+"\n"
+"�ко и�кате да �те на клон, �ъздайте базиран на „Това не�вързано изтегл�не“."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:503 lib/checkout_op.tcl:507
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Checked out '%s'."
+msgstr "„%s“ е изтеглен."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:535
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Resetting '%s' to '%s' will lose the following commits:"
+msgstr ""
+"Занул�ването на „%s“ към „%s“ ще доведе до загубването на �ледните подавани�:"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:557
+msgid "Recovering lost commits may not be easy."
+msgstr "Въз�танов�ването на загубените подавани� може да е трудно."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:562
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset '%s'?"
+msgstr "Занул�ване на „%s“?"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:571 lib/branch_create.tcl:85
+msgid "Reset"
+msgstr "Отначало"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:635
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to set current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"This working directory is only partially switched.  We successfully updated "
+"your files, but failed to update an internal Git file.\n"
+"\n"
+"This should not have occurred.  %s will now close and give up."
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно задаване на текущи� клон.\n"
+"\n"
+"Работната директори� е �амо ча�тично обновена: файловете �а обновени "
+"у�пешно, но н�кой от вътрешните, �лужебни файлове на Git не е бил.\n"
+"\n"
+"Това �ъ�то�ние е аварийно и не тр�бва да �е �лучва. Програмата „%s“ ще "
+"преу�танови работа."
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:23
+msgid "Create Branch"
+msgstr "Създаване на клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:28
+msgid "Create New Branch"
+msgstr "Създаване на нов клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:42
+msgid "Branch Name"
+msgstr "Име на клона"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:57
+msgid "Match Tracking Branch Name"
+msgstr "Съвпадане по името на �ледени� клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:66
+msgid "Starting Revision"
+msgstr "�ачална вер�и�"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:72
+msgid "Update Existing Branch:"
+msgstr "Обнов�ване на �ъще�твуващ клон:"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:75
+msgid "No"
+msgstr "�е"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:80
+msgid "Fast Forward Only"
+msgstr "Само тривиално превъртащо �ливане"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:97
+msgid "Checkout After Creation"
+msgstr "Преминаване към клона �лед �ъздаването му"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:132
+msgid "Please select a tracking branch."
+msgstr "Изберете клон за �ледени."
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:141
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tracking branch %s is not a branch in the remote repository."
+msgstr "След�щи�т клон — „%s“, не �ъще�твува в отдалеченото хранилище."
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:59
+msgid "Working... please wait..."
+msgstr "В момента �е извършва дей�твие, изчакайте…"
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:186
+msgid "Success"
+msgstr "У�пех"
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:200
+msgid "Error: Command Failed"
+msgstr "Грешка: неу�пешно изпълнение на команда"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:52
+msgid "This Detached Checkout"
+msgstr "Това не�вързано изтегл�не"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:60
+msgid "Revision Expression:"
+msgstr "Израз за вер�и�:"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:72
+msgid "Local Branch"
+msgstr "Локален клон"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:77
+msgid "Tracking Branch"
+msgstr "След�щ клон"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:82 lib/choose_rev.tcl:544
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Етикет"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:321
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid revision: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилна вер�и�: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:342
+msgid "No revision selected."
+msgstr "�е е избрана вер�и�."
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:350
+msgid "Revision expression is empty."
+msgstr "Изразът за вер�и� е празен."
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:537
+msgid "Updated"
+msgstr "Обновен"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:565
+msgid "URL"
+msgstr "�дре�"
+
+#: lib/line.tcl:17
+msgid "Goto Line:"
+msgstr "Към ред:"
+
+#: lib/line.tcl:23
+msgid "Go"
+msgstr "Придвижване"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:9
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to amend.\n"
+"\n"
+"You are about to create the initial commit.  There is no commit before this "
+"to amend.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"��ма какво да �е поправи.\n"
+"\n"
+"Ще �ъздадете първоначалното подаване. Преди него н�ма други подавани�, които "
+"да поправите.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:18
+msgid ""
+"Cannot amend while merging.\n"
+"\n"
+"You are currently in the middle of a merge that has not been fully "
+"completed.  You cannot amend the prior commit unless you first abort the "
+"current merge activity.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"По време на �ливане не може да поправ�те.\n"
+"\n"
+"В момента в�е още не �те завършили операци� по �ливане. �е може да поправите "
+"предишното подаване, о�вен ако първо не преу�тановите текущото �ливане.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:48
+msgid "Error loading commit data for amend:"
+msgstr "Грешка при зареждане на данните от подаване, които да �е поправ�т:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:75
+msgid "Unable to obtain your identity:"
+msgstr "Идентификаци�та ви не може да бъде определена:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:80
+msgid "Invalid GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:"
+msgstr "�еправилно поле „GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT“:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:129
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "warning: Tcl does not support encoding '%s'."
+msgstr "предупреждение: Tcl не поддържа кодирането „%s“."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:149
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before another commit can be created.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Съ�то�нието при по�ледната проверка не отговар� на �ъ�то�нието на "
+"хранилището.\n"
+"\n"
+"��кой друг проце� за Git е променил хранилището междувременно. Съ�то�нието "
+"тр�бва да бъде проверено преди ново подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"�втоматично ще започне нова проверка.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:173
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Unmerged files cannot be committed.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s has merge conflicts.  You must resolve them and stage the file "
+"before committing.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�е�летите файлове не могат да бъдат подавани.\n"
+"\n"
+"Във файла „%s“ има конфликти при �ливане. За да го подадете, тр�бва първо да "
+"коригирате конфликтите и да добавите файла към индек�а за подаване.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:181
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Unknown file state %s detected.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s cannot be committed by this program.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�епознато �ъ�то�ние на файл „%s“.\n"
+"\n"
+"Файлът „%s“ не може да бъде подаден чрез текущата програма.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:189
+msgid ""
+"No changes to commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must stage at least 1 file before you can commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"��ма промени за подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"Тр�бва да добавите поне един файл към индек�а, за да подадете.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:204
+msgid ""
+"Please supply a commit message.\n"
+"\n"
+"A good commit message has the following format:\n"
+"\n"
+"- First line: Describe in one sentence what you did.\n"
+"- Second line: Blank\n"
+"- Remaining lines: Describe why this change is good.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Задайте добро �ъобщение при подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"Използвайте �ледни� формат:\n"
+"\n"
+"� Първи ред: опи�ание в едно изречение на пром�ната.\n"
+"� Втори ред: празен.\n"
+"� О�таналите редове: опишете защо �е налага тази пром�на.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:235
+msgid "Calling pre-commit hook..."
+msgstr "Изпълн�ване на куката преди подаване…"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:250
+msgid "Commit declined by pre-commit hook."
+msgstr "Подаването е отхвърлено от куката преди подаване."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:269
+msgid ""
+"You are about to commit on a detached head. This is a potentially dangerous "
+"thing to do because if you switch to another branch you will lose your "
+"changes and it can be difficult to retrieve them later from the reflog. You "
+"should probably cancel this commit and create a new branch to continue.\n"
+" \n"
+" Do you really want to proceed with your Commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ще подавате към не�вързан връх. Това е опа�но — при изтегл�нето на друг клон "
+"ще изгубите промените �и. След това може да е невъзможно да ги въз�тановите "
+"от журнала на указателите „reflog“. �ай-веро�тно тр�бва да отмените това "
+"подаване и да �ъздадете клон, в който да подадете.\n"
+" \n"
+"Сигурни ли �те, че и�кате да подадете към не�вързан връх?"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:290
+msgid "Calling commit-msg hook..."
+msgstr "Изпълн�ване на куката за �ъобщението при подаване…"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:305
+msgid "Commit declined by commit-msg hook."
+msgstr "Подаването е отхвърлено от куката за �ъобщението при подаване."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:318
+msgid "Committing changes..."
+msgstr "Подаване на промените…"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:334
+msgid "write-tree failed:"
+msgstr "неу�пешно запазване на дървото (write-tree):"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:335 lib/commit.tcl:379 lib/commit.tcl:400
+msgid "Commit failed."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно подаване."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:352
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s appears to be corrupt"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ изглежда повредено"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:357
+msgid ""
+"No changes to commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"No files were modified by this commit and it was not a merge commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"A rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"��ма промени за подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"В това подаване не �а промен�ни никакви файлове, а и не е подаване �ъ� "
+"�ливане.\n"
+"\n"
+"�втоматично ще започне нова проверка.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:364
+msgid "No changes to commit."
+msgstr "��ма промени за подаване."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:378
+msgid "commit-tree failed:"
+msgstr "неу�пешно подаване на дървото (commit-tree):"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:399
+msgid "update-ref failed:"
+msgstr "неу�пешно обнов�ване на указателите (update-ref):"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:492
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Created commit %s: %s"
+msgstr "У�пешно подаване %s: %s"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:16
+msgid "Delete Branch"
+msgstr "Изтриване на клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:21
+msgid "Delete Local Branch"
+msgstr "Изтриване на локален клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:39
+msgid "Local Branches"
+msgstr "Локални клони"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:51
+msgid "Delete Only If Merged Into"
+msgstr "Изтриване, �амо ако промените �а �лети и другаде"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:103
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "The following branches are not completely merged into %s:"
+msgstr "�е в�ички промени в клоните �а �лети в „%s“:"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:141
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to delete branches:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно триене на клони:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:73
+msgid "File Viewer"
+msgstr "Преглед на файлове"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:79
+msgid "Commit:"
+msgstr "Подаване:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:280
+msgid "Copy Commit"
+msgstr "Копиране на подаване"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:284
+msgid "Find Text..."
+msgstr "Тър�ене на тек�т…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:288
+msgid "Goto Line..."
+msgstr "Към ред…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:297
+msgid "Do Full Copy Detection"
+msgstr "Пълно тър�ене на копиране"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:301
+msgid "Show History Context"
+msgstr "Показване на контек�та от и�тори�та"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:304
+msgid "Blame Parent Commit"
+msgstr "�нотиране на родител�кото подаване"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:466
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reading %s..."
+msgstr "Чете �е „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:594
+msgid "Loading copy/move tracking annotations..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на анотациите за про�лед�ване на копирането/преме�тването…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:614
+msgid "lines annotated"
+msgstr "реда анотирани"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:806
+msgid "Loading original location annotations..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на анотациите за първоначалното ме�тоположение…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:809
+msgid "Annotation complete."
+msgstr "�нотирането завърши."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:839
+msgid "Busy"
+msgstr "Операци�та не е завършила"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:840
+msgid "Annotation process is already running."
+msgstr "В момента тече проце� на анотиране."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:879
+msgid "Running thorough copy detection..."
+msgstr "Изпълн�ва �е ц�ло�тен проце� на откриване на копиране…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:947
+msgid "Loading annotation..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на анотации…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1000
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "�втор:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1004
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Подал:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1009
+msgid "Original File:"
+msgstr "Първоначален файл:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1057
+msgid "Cannot find HEAD commit:"
+msgstr "Подаването за връх „HEAD“ не може да �е открие:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1112
+msgid "Cannot find parent commit:"
+msgstr "Родител�кото подаване не може да бъде открито"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1127
+msgid "Unable to display parent"
+msgstr "Родител�т не може да бъде показан"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1269
+msgid "Originally By:"
+msgstr "Първоначално от:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1275
+msgid "In File:"
+msgstr "Във файл:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1280
+msgid "Copied Or Moved Here By:"
+msgstr "Копирано или преме�тено тук от:"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:6
+msgid "Unable to unlock the index."
+msgstr "Индек�ът не може да бъде отключен."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:17
+msgid "Index Error"
+msgstr "Грешка в индек�а"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:19
+msgid ""
+"Updating the Git index failed.  A rescan will be automatically started to "
+"resynchronize git-gui."
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно обнов�ване на индек�а на Git. �втоматично ще започне нова проверка "
+"за �инхронизирането на git-gui."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:30
+msgid "Continue"
+msgstr "Продължаване"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:33
+msgid "Unlock Index"
+msgstr "Отключване на индек�а"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:298
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unstaging %s from commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане на „%s“ от подаването"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:337
+msgid "Ready to commit."
+msgstr "Готовно�т за подаване."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:350
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Добав�не на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:380
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Stage %d untracked files?"
+msgstr "Да �е вкарат ли %d не�ледени файла в индек�а?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:428
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revert changes in file %s?"
+msgstr "Да �е махнат ли промените във файла „%s“?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:430
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revert changes in these %i files?"
+msgstr "Да �е махнат ли промените в тези %i файла?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:438
+msgid "Any unstaged changes will be permanently lost by the revert."
+msgstr ""
+"В�ички промени, които не �а били вкарани в индек�а, ще бъдат безвъзвратно "
+"загубени."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:441
+msgid "Do Nothing"
+msgstr "�ищо да не �е прави"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:459
+msgid "Reverting selected files"
+msgstr "Махане на промените в избраните файлове"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:463
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reverting %s"
+msgstr "Махане на промените в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/date.tcl:25
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid date from Git: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилни данни от Git: %s"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:42
+msgid "Number of loose objects"
+msgstr "Брой непакетирани обекти"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:43
+msgid "Disk space used by loose objects"
+msgstr "Ди�ково про�тран�тво заето от непакетирани обекти"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:44
+msgid "Number of packed objects"
+msgstr "Брой пакетирани обекти"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:45
+msgid "Number of packs"
+msgstr "Брой пакети"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:46
+msgid "Disk space used by packed objects"
+msgstr "Ди�ково про�тран�тво заето от пакетирани обекти"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:47
+msgid "Packed objects waiting for pruning"
+msgstr "Пакетирани обекти за ока�тр�не"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:48
+msgid "Garbage files"
+msgstr "Файлове за боклука"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:72
+msgid "Compressing the object database"
+msgstr "Компре�иране на базата � данни за обектите"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:83
+msgid "Verifying the object database with fsck-objects"
+msgstr "Проверка на базата � данни за обектите � програмата „fsck-objects“"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:107
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"This repository currently has approximately %i loose objects.\n"
+"\n"
+"To maintain optimal performance it is strongly recommended that you compress "
+"the database.\n"
+"\n"
+"Compress the database now?"
+msgstr ""
+"В това хранилище в момента има към %i непакетирани обекти.\n"
+"\n"
+"За добра производително�т �е препоръчва да компре�ирате базата � данни за "
+"обектите.\n"
+"\n"
+"Да �е започне ли компре�ирането?"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:20 lib/error.tcl:116
+msgid "error"
+msgstr "грешка"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:36
+msgid "warning"
+msgstr "предупреждение"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:96
+msgid "You must correct the above errors before committing."
+msgstr "Преди да можете да подадете, коригирайте горните грешки."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:13
+msgid ""
+"Cannot merge while amending.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must finish amending this commit before starting any type of merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"По време на поправ�не не може да �ливане.\n"
+"\n"
+"Тр�бва да завършите поправ�нето на текущото подаване, преди да започнете "
+"�ливане.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:27
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before a merge can be performed.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"По�ледно у�тановеното �ъ�то�ние не отговар� на това в хранилището.\n"
+"\n"
+"��кой друг проце� за Git е променил хранилището междувременно. Съ�то�нието "
+"тр�бва да бъде проверено, преди да �е извърши �ливане.\n"
+"\n"
+"�втоматично ще започне нова проверка.\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:45
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"You are in the middle of a conflicted merge.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s has merge conflicts.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must resolve them, stage the file, and commit to complete the current "
+"merge.  Only then can you begin another merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"В момента тече �ливане, но има конфликти.\n"
+"\n"
+"Погледнете файла „%s“.\n"
+"\n"
+"Тр�бва да коригирате конфликтите в него, да го добавите към индек�а и да "
+"завършите текущото �ливане чрез подаване. Чак тогава може да започнете ново "
+"�ливане.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:55
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"You are in the middle of a change.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s is modified.\n"
+"\n"
+"You should complete the current commit before starting a merge.  Doing so "
+"will help you abort a failed merge, should the need arise.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"В момента тече подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"Файлът „%s“ е променен.\n"
+"\n"
+"Тр�бва да завършите текущото подаване, преди да започнете �ливане. Така ще "
+"можете ле�но да преу�тановите �ливането, ако възникне нужда.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:108
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s of %s"
+msgstr "%s от общо %s"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:122
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merging %s and %s..."
+msgstr "Сливане на „%s“ и „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:133
+msgid "Merge completed successfully."
+msgstr "Сливането завърши у�пешно."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:135
+msgid "Merge failed.  Conflict resolution is required."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно �ливане — има конфликти за коригиране."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:160
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merge Into %s"
+msgstr "Сливане в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:179
+msgid "Revision To Merge"
+msgstr "Вер�и� за �ливане"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:214
+msgid ""
+"Cannot abort while amending.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must finish amending this commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Поправ�нето не може да бъде преу�тановено.\n"
+"\n"
+"Тр�бва да завършите поправката на това подаване.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:224
+msgid ""
+"Abort merge?\n"
+"\n"
+"Aborting the current merge will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
+"\n"
+"Continue with aborting the current merge?"
+msgstr ""
+"Да �е преу�танови ли �ливането?\n"
+"\n"
+"В такъв �лучай �ВСИЧКИ� неподадени промени ще бъдат безвъзвратно загубени.\n"
+"\n"
+"�аи�тина ли да �е преу�танови �ливането?"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:230
+msgid ""
+"Reset changes?\n"
+"\n"
+"Resetting the changes will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
+"\n"
+"Continue with resetting the current changes?"
+msgstr ""
+"Да �е занул�т ли промените?\n"
+"\n"
+"В такъв �лучай �ВСИЧКИ� неподадени промени ще бъдат безвъзвратно загубени.\n"
+"\n"
+"�аи�тина ли да �е занул�т промените?"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:241
+msgid "Aborting"
+msgstr "Преу�танов�ване"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:241
+msgid "files reset"
+msgstr "файла �ъ� занулени промени"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:269
+msgid "Abort failed."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно преу�танов�ване."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:271
+msgid "Abort completed.  Ready."
+msgstr "У�пешно преу�танов�ване. Готовно�т за �ледващо дей�твие."
diff --git a/git-gui/po/de.po b/git-gui/po/de.po
index 44c5ddc8b6..baebff2fff 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/de.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/de.po
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1154
 msgid "Cannot use bare repository:"
-msgstr "Leeres Projektarchiv kann nicht benutzt werden:"
+msgstr "Bloßes Projektarchiv kann nicht benutzt werden:"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1162
 msgid "No working directory"
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ msgstr "Nach geänderten Dateien suchen..."
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1454
 msgid "Calling prepare-commit-msg hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Eintragen-Vorbereiten-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Eintragen-Vorbereiten-Kontrolle (»prepare-commit hook«)..."
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1471
 msgid "Commit declined by prepare-commit-msg hook."
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ msgstr "Zusammenführen"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:2465 lib/choose_rev.tcl:557
 msgid "Remote"
-msgstr "Andere Archive"
+msgstr "Externe Archive"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:2468
 msgid "Tools"
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ msgstr "Zusammenführungswerkzeug"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:3328
 msgid "Use Remote Version"
-msgstr "Entfernte Version benutzen"
+msgstr "Externe Version benutzen"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:3332
 msgid "Use Local Version"
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ msgstr "Bitte wählen Sie einen Übernahmezweig."
 #: lib/branch_create.tcl:140
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tracking branch %s is not a branch in the remote repository."
-msgstr "Übernahmezweig »%s« ist kein Zweig im anderen Projektarchiv."
+msgstr "Übernahmezweig »%s« ist kein Zweig im externen Projektarchiv."
 
 #: lib/branch_create.tcl:153 lib/branch_rename.tcl:86
 msgid "Please supply a branch name."
@@ -1446,7 +1446,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:234
 msgid "Calling pre-commit hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Vor-Eintragen-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Vor-Eintragen-Kontrolle (»pre-commit hook«)..."
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:249
 msgid "Commit declined by pre-commit hook."
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ msgstr "Eintragen abgelehnt durch Vor-Eintragen-Kontrolle (»pre-commit hook«).
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:272
 msgid "Calling commit-msg hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Versionsbeschreibungs-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Versionsbeschreibungs-Kontrolle (»commit-message hook«)..."
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:287
 msgid "Commit declined by commit-msg hook."
@@ -2134,11 +2134,11 @@ msgstr "Optionen konnten nicht gespeichert werden:"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:19
 msgid "Add Remote"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv hinzufügen"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv hinzufügen"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:24
 msgid "Add New Remote"
-msgstr "Neues anderes Archiv hinzufügen"
+msgstr "Neues externes Archiv hinzufügen"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:28 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:36
 msgid "Add"
@@ -2146,7 +2146,7 @@ msgstr "Hinzufügen"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:37
 msgid "Remote Details"
-msgstr "Einzelheiten des anderen Archivs"
+msgstr "Einzelheiten des externen Archivs"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:50
 msgid "Location:"
@@ -2162,7 +2162,7 @@ msgstr "Gleich anfordern"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:71
 msgid "Initialize Remote Repository and Push"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv initialisieren und dahin versenden"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv initialisieren und dahin versenden"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:77
 msgid "Do Nothing Else Now"
@@ -2170,17 +2170,17 @@ msgstr "Nichts tun"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:101
 msgid "Please supply a remote name."
-msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen des anderen Archivs an."
+msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen des externen Archivs an."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:114
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable remote name."
-msgstr "»%s« ist kein zulässiger Name eines anderen Archivs."
+msgstr "»%s« ist kein zulässiger Name eines externen Archivs."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:125
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Failed to add remote '%s' of location '%s'."
-msgstr "Fehler beim Hinzufügen des anderen Archivs »%s« aus Herkunftsort »%s«."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Hinzufügen des externen Archivs »%s« aus Herkunftsort »%s«."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:133 lib/transport.tcl:6
 #, tcl-format
@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ msgstr "»%s« anfordern"
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:157
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Do not know how to initialize repository at location '%s'."
-msgstr "Initialisieren eines anderen Archivs an Adresse »%s« ist nicht möglich."
+msgstr "Initialisieren eines externen Archivs an Adresse »%s« ist nicht möglich."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:163 lib/transport.tcl:25 lib/transport.tcl:63
 #: lib/transport.tcl:81
@@ -2210,7 +2210,7 @@ msgstr "Einrichten von »%s« an »%s«"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:29 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:34
 msgid "Delete Branch Remotely"
-msgstr "Zweig in anderem Archiv löschen"
+msgstr "Zweig in externem Archiv löschen"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:47
 msgid "From Repository"
@@ -2218,7 +2218,7 @@ msgstr "In Projektarchiv"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:50 lib/transport.tcl:134
 msgid "Remote:"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv:"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv:"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:66 lib/transport.tcl:149
 msgid "Arbitrary Location:"
@@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ msgstr "»%s« laden..."
 
 #: lib/remote.tcl:163
 msgid "Remove Remote"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv entfernen"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv entfernen"
 
 #: lib/remote.tcl:168
 msgid "Prune from"
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Schlüsselerzeugung fehlgeschlagen."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Schlüsselerzeugung erfolgreich, aber keine Schlüssel gefunden."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/fr.po b/git-gui/po/fr.po
index 81706965f3..0aff18691d 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/fr.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/fr.po
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ msgstr "Standard (rapide, semi-redondant, liens durs)"
 
 #: lib/choose_repository.tcl:514
 msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
-msgstr "Copy complète (plus lent, sauvegarde redondante)"
+msgstr "Copie complète (plus lent, sauvegarde redondante)"
 
 #: lib/choose_repository.tcl:520
 msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
@@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "La génération a échoué."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "La génération a réussi, mais aucune clé n'a été trouvée."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot b/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
index 1ae2aaa0b3..0c94f9c2c6 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
+++ b/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
@@ -2203,7 +2203,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/glossary/bg.po b/git-gui/po/glossary/bg.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b71fad9a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/po/glossary/bg.po
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+# Bulgarian translation of git-gui-glossary po-file.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014 Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git package.
+# Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>, 2012, 2013, 2014.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git-gui-glossary master\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-01-13 21:39+0200\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-01-13 21:39+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
+"Language: bg\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. "English Definition (Dear translator: This file will never be visible to the user! It should only serve as a tool for you, the translator. Nothing more.)"
+msgid ""
+"English Term (Dear translator: This file will never be visible to the user!)"
+msgstr "Термин"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "amend"
+msgstr "поправ�м"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "annotate"
+msgstr "анотирам"
+
+#. "A 'branch' is an active line of development."
+msgid "branch [noun]"
+msgstr "клон, разклонение [�ъще�твително]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "branch [verb]"
+msgstr "разклон�вам [глагол]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "checkout [noun]"
+msgstr "изтегл�не [�ъще�твително]"
+
+#. "The action of updating the working tree to a revision which was stored in the object database."
+msgid "checkout [verb]"
+msgstr "изтегл�не [глагол]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "clone [verb]"
+msgstr "клонирам [глагол]"
+
+#. "A single point in the git history."
+msgid "commit [noun]"
+msgstr "подаване [�ъще�твително]"
+
+#. "The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's state in the git history."
+msgid "commit [verb]"
+msgstr "подавам [�ъще�твително]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "diff [noun]"
+msgstr "разлика/промени [�ъще�твително]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "diff [verb]"
+msgstr "изчи�л�вам разлика/промени [глагол]"
+
+#. "A fast-forward is a special type of merge where you have a revision and you are merging another branch's changes that happen to be a descendant of what you have."
+msgid "fast forward merge"
+msgstr "превъртащо/директно/тривиално �ливане"
+
+#. "Fetching a branch means to get the branch's head from a remote repository, to find out which objects are missing from the local object database, and to get them, too."
+msgid "fetch"
+msgstr "до�тав�не"
+
+#. "One context of consecutive lines in a whole patch, which consists of many such hunks"
+msgid "hunk"
+msgstr "парче"
+
+#. "A collection of files. The index is a stored version of your working tree."
+msgid "index (in git-gui: staging area)"
+msgstr "�келе/индек�/изба"
+
+#. "A successful merge results in the creation of a new commit representing the result of the merge."
+msgid "merge [noun]"
+msgstr "�ливане/обедин�ване [�ъще�твително]"
+
+#. "To bring the contents of another branch into the current branch."
+msgid "merge [verb]"
+msgstr "�ливам/обедин�вам [глагол]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "�ъобщение"
+
+#. "Deletes all stale tracking branches under <name>. These stale branches have already been removed from the remote repository referenced by <name>, but are still locally available in 'remotes/<name>'."
+msgid "prune"
+msgstr "ока�тр�м"
+
+#. "Pulling a branch means to fetch it and merge it."
+msgid "pull"
+msgstr "издърпвам"
+
+#. "Pushing a branch means to get the branch's head ref from a remote repository, and ... (well, can someone please explain it for mere mortals?)"
+msgid "push"
+msgstr "изтла�квам"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "redo"
+msgstr "повтар�м/прав� наново"
+
+#. "An other repository ('remote'). One might have a set of remotes whose branches one tracks."
+msgid "remote"
+msgstr "отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#. "A collection of refs (?) together with an object database containing all objects which are reachable from the refs... (oops, you've lost me here. Again, please an explanation for mere mortals?)"
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "хранилище"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "reset"
+msgstr "занул�вам/отмен�м"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "revert"
+msgstr "връщам/отмен�м"
+
+#. "A particular state of files and directories which was stored in the object database."
+msgid "revision"
+msgstr "вер�и�"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "sign off"
+msgstr "подпи�вам"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "staging area"
+msgstr "�келе/индек�/изба"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "status"
+msgstr "�ъ�то�ние"
+
+#. "A ref pointing to a tag or commit object"
+msgid "tag [noun]"
+msgstr "етикет [�ъще�твително]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "tag [verb]"
+msgstr "задавам етикет [глагол]"
+
+#. "A regular git branch that is used to follow changes from another repository."
+msgid "tracking branch"
+msgstr "�лед�щ клон"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "undo"
+msgstr "отмен�м"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "update"
+msgstr "обнов�вам"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "verify"
+msgstr "провер�вам"
+
+#. "The tree of actual checked out files."
+msgid "working copy, working tree"
+msgstr "работно копие/работно дърво"
+
+#. "a commit that succeeds the current one in git's graph of commits (not necessarily directly)"
+msgid "ancestor"
+msgstr "предше�твеник"
+
+#. "prematurely stop and abandon an operation"
+msgid "abort"
+msgstr "преу�танов�вам"
+
+#. "a repository with only .git directory, without working directory"
+msgid "bare repository"
+msgstr "голо хранилище"
+
+#. "a parent version of the current file"
+msgid "base"
+msgstr "родител�ка вер�и�"
+
+#. "get the authors responsible for each line in a file"
+msgid "blame"
+msgstr "анотирам/анотиране"
+
+#. "to select and apply a single commit without merging"
+msgid "cherry-pick"
+msgstr "отбирам"
+
+#. "a commit that directly succeeds the current one in git's graph of commits"
+msgid "child"
+msgstr "дете"
+
+#. "clean the state of the git repository, often after manually stopped operation"
+msgid "cleanup"
+msgstr "зачи�твам"
+
+#. "a message that gets attached with any commit"
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "�ъобщение при подаване"
+
+#. "a commit that precedes the current one in git's graph of commits (not necessarily directly)"
+msgid "descendant"
+msgstr "на�ледник"
+
+#. "checkout of a revision rather than a some head"
+msgid "detached checkout"
+msgstr "не�вързано изтегл�не"
+
+#. "any merge strategy that works on a file by file basis"
+msgid "file level merging"
+msgstr "пофайлово �ливане"
+
+#. "the last revision in a branch"
+msgid "head"
+msgstr "глава/връх (на клон, разработка)"
+
+#. "script that gets executed automatically on some event"
+msgid "hook"
+msgstr "кука/автоматичен �крипт"
+
+#. "the first checkout during a clone operation"
+msgid "initial checkout"
+msgstr "първоначално изтегл�не"
+
+#. "a branch that resides in the local git repository"
+msgid "local branch"
+msgstr "локален клон"
+
+#. "a Git object that is not part of any pack"
+msgid "loose object"
+msgstr "непакетиран обект"
+
+#. "a branch called by convention 'master' that exists in a newly created git repository"
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "о�новен клон"
+
+#. "a remote called by convention 'origin' that the current git repository has been cloned from"
+msgid "origin"
+msgstr "хранилище-източник"
+
+#. "a file containing many git objects packed together"
+msgid "pack [noun]"
+msgstr "етикет"
+
+#. "a Git object part of some pack"
+msgid "packed object"
+msgstr "пакетиран обект"
+
+#. "a commit that directly precedes the current one in git's graph of commits"
+msgid "parent"
+msgstr "родител"
+
+#. "the log file containing all states of the HEAD reference (in other words past pristine states of the working copy)"
+msgid "reflog"
+msgstr "журнал на указателите"
+
+#. "decide which changes from alternative versions of a file should persist in Git"
+msgid "resolve (a conflict)"
+msgstr "коригирам (конфликт)"
+
+#. "abandon changes and go to pristine version"
+msgid "revert changes"
+msgstr "връщане на оригинала"
+
+#. "expression that signifies a revision in git"
+msgid "revision expression"
+msgstr "израз за вер�и�"
+
+#. "add some content of files and directories to the staging area in preparation for a commit"
+msgid "stage/unstage"
+msgstr "(добав�не) към �келето за подаване/изваждане от �келето за подаване"
+
+#. "temporarily save changes in a stack without committing"
+msgid "stash"
+msgstr "�катавам промени"
+
+#. "file whose content is tracked/not tracked by git"
+msgid "tracked/untracked"
+msgstr "�леден/не�леден"
diff --git a/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt b/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
index 9b31f69152..409304692d 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
+++ b/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
@@ -36,3 +36,32 @@
 "update"	""
 "verify"	""
 "working copy, working tree"	"The tree of actual checked out files."
+"ancestor"	"a commit that succeeds the current one in git's graph of commits (not necessarily directly)"
+"abort"	"prematurely stop and abandon an operation"
+"bare repository"	"a repository with only .git directory, without working directory"
+"base"	"a parent version of the current file"
+"blame"	"get the authors responsible for each line in a file"
+"cherry-pick"	"to select and apply a single commit without merging"
+"child"	"a commit that directly succeeds the current one in git's graph of commits"
+"cleanup"	"clean the state of the git repository, often after manually stopped operation"
+"commit message"	"a message that gets attached with any commit"
+"descendant"	"a commit that precedes the current one in git's graph of commits (not necessarily directly)"
+"detached checkout"	"checkout of a revision rather than a some head"
+"file level merging"	"any merge strategy that works on a file by file basis"
+"head"	"the last revision in a branch"
+"hook"	"script that gets executed automatically on some event"
+"initial checkout"	"the first checkout during a clone operation"
+"local branch"	"a branch that resides in the local git repository"
+"loose object"	"a Git object that is not part of any pack"
+"master branch"	"a branch called by convention 'master' that exists in a newly created git repository"
+"origin"	"a remote called by convention 'origin' that the current git repository has been cloned from"
+"pack [noun]"	"a file containing many git objects packed together"
+"packed object"	"a Git object part of some pack"
+"parent"	"a commit that directly precedes the current one in git's graph of commits"
+"reflog"	"the log file containing all states of the HEAD reference (in other words past pristine states of the working copy)"
+"resolve (a conflict)"	"decide which changes from alternative versions of a file should persist in Git"
+"revert changes"	"abandon changes and go to pristine version"
+"revision expression"	"expression that signifies a revision in git"
+"stage/unstage"	"add some content of files and directories to the staging area in preparation for a commit"
+"stash"	"temporarily save changes in a stack without committing"
+"tracked/untracked"	"file whose content is tracked/not tracked by git"
diff --git a/git-gui/po/glossary/txt-to-pot.sh b/git-gui/po/glossary/txt-to-pot.sh
index 49bf7c5365..8249915d3c 100755
--- a/git-gui/po/glossary/txt-to-pot.sh
+++ b/git-gui/po/glossary/txt-to-pot.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 if [ $# -eq 0 ]
 then
 	cat <<!
-Usage: `basename $0` git-gui-glossary.txt > git-gui-glossary.pot
+Usage: $(basename $0) git-gui-glossary.txt > git-gui-glossary.pot
 !
 	exit 1;
 fi
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ cat <<!
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: `date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M%z'`\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: $(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M%z')\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
diff --git a/git-gui/po/hu.po b/git-gui/po/hu.po
index 0f87bc1cbe..d106dadac8 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/hu.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/hu.po
@@ -2354,7 +2354,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "A generálás nem sikerült."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "A generálás sikeres, de egy kulcs se található."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/it.po b/git-gui/po/it.po
index aa15a204d8..1bd8b8e04f 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/it.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/it.po
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Errore durante la creazione della chiave."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "La chiave è stata creata con successo, ma non è stata trovata."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/ja.po b/git-gui/po/ja.po
index 15017985e5..9aff249d5f 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/ja.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/ja.po
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "生��失敗����。"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "生����功��������見��り��ん。"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/nb.po b/git-gui/po/nb.po
index 6de93c28c2..d66aa50263 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/nb.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/nb.po
@@ -2286,7 +2286,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Generering feilet."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Generering vellykket, men ingen nøkler er funnet."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh b/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh
index 1e9f992528..1e9f992528 100644..100755
--- a/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh
+++ b/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh
diff --git a/git-gui/po/pt_br.po b/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
index b175b9791e..bad116c780 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
@@ -2375,7 +2375,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "A geração da chave falhou."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "A geração da chave foi bem-sucedida, mas nenhuma chave foi encontrada."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/ru.po b/git-gui/po/ru.po
index 30f4b77dac..ca4343b40c 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/ru.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/ru.po
@@ -2370,7 +2370,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Ключ не �оздан."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Создание ключа завершило�ь, но результат не был найден"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/sv.po b/git-gui/po/sv.po
index 24cc4e3675..1b4ad8368e 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/sv.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/sv.po
@@ -2,47 +2,51 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Shawn Pearce, et al.
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the git-gui package.
 #
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2007-2008.
 # Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>, 2008.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2007-2008, 2015.
+#
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: sv\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-12 21:11+0100\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-12 21:12+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-27 10:15+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-03-27 10:24+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.6\n"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:781
+#: git-gui.sh:861
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Invalid font specified in %s:"
 msgstr "Ogiltigt teckensnitt angivet i %s:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:831
+#: git-gui.sh:915
 msgid "Main Font"
 msgstr "Huvudteckensnitt"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:832
+#: git-gui.sh:916
 msgid "Diff/Console Font"
 msgstr "Diff/konsolteckensnitt"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:845 git-gui.sh:859 git-gui.sh:872 git-gui.sh:955 git-gui.sh:974
-#: git-gui.sh:2964
+#: git-gui.sh:931 git-gui.sh:945 git-gui.sh:958 git-gui.sh:1048
+#: git-gui.sh:1067 git-gui.sh:3125
 msgid "git-gui: fatal error"
 msgstr "git-gui: ödesdigert fel"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:846
+#: git-gui.sh:932
 msgid "Cannot find git in PATH."
 msgstr "Hittar inte git i PATH."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:873
+#: git-gui.sh:959
 msgid "Cannot parse Git version string:"
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka versionssträng från Git:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:891
+#: git-gui.sh:984
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Git version cannot be determined.\n"
@@ -61,478 +65,505 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Anta att \"%s\" är version 1.5.0?\n"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1180
+#: git-gui.sh:1281
 msgid "Git directory not found:"
 msgstr "Git-katalogen hittades inte:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1201
+#: git-gui.sh:1315
 msgid "Cannot move to top of working directory:"
 msgstr "Kan inte gå till början på arbetskatalogen:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1209
+#: git-gui.sh:1323
 msgid "Cannot use bare repository:"
 msgstr "Kan inte använda naket arkiv:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1217
+#: git-gui.sh:1331
 msgid "No working directory"
 msgstr "Ingen arbetskatalog"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1389 lib/checkout_op.tcl:306
+#: git-gui.sh:1503 lib/checkout_op.tcl:306
 msgid "Refreshing file status..."
 msgstr "Uppdaterar filstatus..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1445
+#: git-gui.sh:1563
 msgid "Scanning for modified files ..."
 msgstr "Söker efter ändrade filer..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1509
+#: git-gui.sh:1639
 msgid "Calling prepare-commit-msg hook..."
 msgstr ""
 "Anropar kroken för förberedelse av incheckningsmeddelande (prepare-commit-"
 "msg)..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1526
+#: git-gui.sh:1656
 msgid "Commit declined by prepare-commit-msg hook."
 msgstr ""
 "Incheckningen avvisades av kroken för förberedelse av incheckningsmeddelande "
 "(prepare-commit-msg)."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1684 lib/browser.tcl:246
+#: git-gui.sh:1814 lib/browser.tcl:252
 msgid "Ready."
 msgstr "Klar."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1842
+#: git-gui.sh:1978
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Displaying only %s of %s files."
-msgstr "Visar endast %s av %s filer."
+msgid ""
+"Display limit (gui.maxfilesdisplayed = %s) reached, not showing all %s files."
+msgstr ""
+"Visningsgräns (gui.maxfilesdisplayed = %s) nådd, visare inte samtliga %s "
+"filer."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1968
+#: git-gui.sh:2101
 msgid "Unmodified"
 msgstr "Oförändrade"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1970
+#: git-gui.sh:2103
 msgid "Modified, not staged"
 msgstr "Förändrade, ej köade"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1971 git-gui.sh:1979
+#: git-gui.sh:2104 git-gui.sh:2116
 msgid "Staged for commit"
 msgstr "Köade för incheckning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1972 git-gui.sh:1980
+#: git-gui.sh:2105 git-gui.sh:2117
 msgid "Portions staged for commit"
 msgstr "Delar köade för incheckning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1973 git-gui.sh:1981
+#: git-gui.sh:2106 git-gui.sh:2118
 msgid "Staged for commit, missing"
 msgstr "Köade för incheckning, saknade"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1975
+#: git-gui.sh:2108
 msgid "File type changed, not staged"
 msgstr "Filtyp ändrad, ej köade"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1976
+#: git-gui.sh:2109 git-gui.sh:2110
+msgid "File type changed, old type staged for commit"
+msgstr "Filtyp ändrad, gammal typ köade för incheckning"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2111
 msgid "File type changed, staged"
 msgstr "Filtyp ändrad, köade"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1978
+#: git-gui.sh:2112
+msgid "File type change staged, modification not staged"
+msgstr "Filtypsändringar köade, innehållsändringar ej köade"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2113
+msgid "File type change staged, file missing"
+msgstr "Filtypsändringar köade, fil saknas"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2115
 msgid "Untracked, not staged"
 msgstr "Ej spårade, ej köade"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1983
+#: git-gui.sh:2120
 msgid "Missing"
 msgstr "Saknade"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1984
+#: git-gui.sh:2121
 msgid "Staged for removal"
 msgstr "Köade för borttagning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1985
+#: git-gui.sh:2122
 msgid "Staged for removal, still present"
 msgstr "Köade för borttagning, fortfarande närvarande"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:1987 git-gui.sh:1988 git-gui.sh:1989 git-gui.sh:1990
-#: git-gui.sh:1991 git-gui.sh:1992
+#: git-gui.sh:2124 git-gui.sh:2125 git-gui.sh:2126 git-gui.sh:2127
+#: git-gui.sh:2128 git-gui.sh:2129
 msgid "Requires merge resolution"
 msgstr "Kräver konflikthantering efter sammanslagning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2027
+#: git-gui.sh:2164
 msgid "Starting gitk... please wait..."
 msgstr "Startar gitk... vänta..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2039
+#: git-gui.sh:2176
 msgid "Couldn't find gitk in PATH"
 msgstr "Hittade inte gitk i PATH."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2098
+#: git-gui.sh:2235
 msgid "Couldn't find git gui in PATH"
 msgstr "Hittade inte git gui i PATH."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2515 lib/choose_repository.tcl:36
+#: git-gui.sh:2654 lib/choose_repository.tcl:41
 msgid "Repository"
 msgstr "Arkiv"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2516
+#: git-gui.sh:2655
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Redigera"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2518 lib/choose_rev.tcl:566
+#: git-gui.sh:2657 lib/choose_rev.tcl:567
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Gren"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2521 lib/choose_rev.tcl:553
+#: git-gui.sh:2660 lib/choose_rev.tcl:554
 msgid "Commit@@noun"
 msgstr "Incheckning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2524 lib/merge.tcl:121 lib/merge.tcl:150 lib/merge.tcl:168
+#: git-gui.sh:2663 lib/merge.tcl:123 lib/merge.tcl:152 lib/merge.tcl:170
 msgid "Merge"
 msgstr "Slå ihop"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2525 lib/choose_rev.tcl:562
+#: git-gui.sh:2664 lib/choose_rev.tcl:563
 msgid "Remote"
 msgstr "Fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2528
+#: git-gui.sh:2667
 msgid "Tools"
 msgstr "Verktyg"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2537
+#: git-gui.sh:2676
 msgid "Explore Working Copy"
 msgstr "Utforska arbetskopia"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2543
+#: git-gui.sh:2682
+msgid "Git Bash"
+msgstr "Git Bash"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2692
 msgid "Browse Current Branch's Files"
 msgstr "Bläddra i grenens filer"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2547
+#: git-gui.sh:2696
 msgid "Browse Branch Files..."
 msgstr "Bläddra filer på gren..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2552
+#: git-gui.sh:2701
 msgid "Visualize Current Branch's History"
 msgstr "Visualisera grenens historik"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2556
+#: git-gui.sh:2705
 msgid "Visualize All Branch History"
 msgstr "Visualisera alla grenars historik"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2563
+#: git-gui.sh:2712
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Browse %s's Files"
 msgstr "Bläddra i filer för %s"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2565
+#: git-gui.sh:2714
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Visualize %s's History"
 msgstr "Visualisera historik för %s"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2570 lib/database.tcl:40 lib/database.tcl:66
+#: git-gui.sh:2719 lib/database.tcl:40 lib/database.tcl:66
 msgid "Database Statistics"
 msgstr "Databasstatistik"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2573 lib/database.tcl:33
+#: git-gui.sh:2722 lib/database.tcl:33
 msgid "Compress Database"
 msgstr "Komprimera databas"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2576
+#: git-gui.sh:2725
 msgid "Verify Database"
 msgstr "Verifiera databas"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2583 git-gui.sh:2587 git-gui.sh:2591 lib/shortcut.tcl:8
+#: git-gui.sh:2732 git-gui.sh:2736 git-gui.sh:2740 lib/shortcut.tcl:8
 #: lib/shortcut.tcl:40 lib/shortcut.tcl:72
 msgid "Create Desktop Icon"
 msgstr "Skapa skrivbordsikon"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2599 lib/choose_repository.tcl:188 lib/choose_repository.tcl:196
+#: git-gui.sh:2748 lib/choose_repository.tcl:193 lib/choose_repository.tcl:201
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Avsluta"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2607
+#: git-gui.sh:2756
 msgid "Undo"
 msgstr "Ã…ngra"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2610
+#: git-gui.sh:2759
 msgid "Redo"
 msgstr "Gör om"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2614 git-gui.sh:3190
+#: git-gui.sh:2763 git-gui.sh:3368
 msgid "Cut"
 msgstr "Klipp ut"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2617 git-gui.sh:3193 git-gui.sh:3267 git-gui.sh:3340
+#: git-gui.sh:2766 git-gui.sh:3371 git-gui.sh:3445 git-gui.sh:3530
 #: lib/console.tcl:69
 msgid "Copy"
 msgstr "Kopiera"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2620 git-gui.sh:3196
+#: git-gui.sh:2769 git-gui.sh:3374
 msgid "Paste"
 msgstr "Klistra in"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2623 git-gui.sh:3199 lib/branch_delete.tcl:28
-#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:39
+#: git-gui.sh:2772 git-gui.sh:3377 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:39
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:28
 msgid "Delete"
 msgstr "Ta bort"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2627 git-gui.sh:3203 git-gui.sh:3344 lib/console.tcl:71
+#: git-gui.sh:2776 git-gui.sh:3381 git-gui.sh:3534 lib/console.tcl:71
 msgid "Select All"
 msgstr "Markera alla"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2636
+#: git-gui.sh:2785
 msgid "Create..."
 msgstr "Skapa..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2642
+#: git-gui.sh:2791
 msgid "Checkout..."
 msgstr "Checka ut..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2648
+#: git-gui.sh:2797
 msgid "Rename..."
 msgstr "Byt namn..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2653
+#: git-gui.sh:2802
 msgid "Delete..."
 msgstr "Ta bort..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2658
+#: git-gui.sh:2807
 msgid "Reset..."
 msgstr "Återställ..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2668
+#: git-gui.sh:2817
 msgid "Done"
 msgstr "Färdig"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2670
+#: git-gui.sh:2819
 msgid "Commit@@verb"
 msgstr "Checka in"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2679 git-gui.sh:3131
+#: git-gui.sh:2828 git-gui.sh:3309
 msgid "New Commit"
 msgstr "Ny incheckning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2687 git-gui.sh:3138
+#: git-gui.sh:2836 git-gui.sh:3316
 msgid "Amend Last Commit"
 msgstr "Lägg till föregående incheckning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2697 git-gui.sh:3092 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:101
+#: git-gui.sh:2846 git-gui.sh:3270 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:101
 msgid "Rescan"
 msgstr "Sök på nytt"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2703
+#: git-gui.sh:2852
 msgid "Stage To Commit"
 msgstr "Köa för incheckning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2709
+#: git-gui.sh:2858
 msgid "Stage Changed Files To Commit"
 msgstr "Köa ändrade filer för incheckning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2715
+#: git-gui.sh:2864
 msgid "Unstage From Commit"
 msgstr "Ta bort från incheckningskö"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2721 lib/index.tcl:415
+#: git-gui.sh:2870 lib/index.tcl:442
 msgid "Revert Changes"
 msgstr "Återställ ändringar"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2729 git-gui.sh:3391 git-gui.sh:3422
+#: git-gui.sh:2878 git-gui.sh:3581 git-gui.sh:3612
 msgid "Show Less Context"
 msgstr "Visa mindre sammanhang"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2733 git-gui.sh:3395 git-gui.sh:3426
+#: git-gui.sh:2882 git-gui.sh:3585 git-gui.sh:3616
 msgid "Show More Context"
 msgstr "Visa mer sammanhang"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2740 git-gui.sh:3105 git-gui.sh:3214
+#: git-gui.sh:2889 git-gui.sh:3283 git-gui.sh:3392
 msgid "Sign Off"
 msgstr "Skriv under"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2756
+#: git-gui.sh:2905
 msgid "Local Merge..."
 msgstr "Lokal sammanslagning..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2761
+#: git-gui.sh:2910
 msgid "Abort Merge..."
 msgstr "Avbryt sammanslagning..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2773 git-gui.sh:2801
+#: git-gui.sh:2922 git-gui.sh:2950
 msgid "Add..."
 msgstr "Lägg till..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2777
+#: git-gui.sh:2926
 msgid "Push..."
 msgstr "Sänd..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2781
+#: git-gui.sh:2930
 msgid "Delete Branch..."
 msgstr "Ta bort gren..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2791 git-gui.sh:3373
+#: git-gui.sh:2940 git-gui.sh:3563
 msgid "Options..."
 msgstr "Alternativ..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2802
+#: git-gui.sh:2951
 msgid "Remove..."
 msgstr "Ta bort..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2811 lib/choose_repository.tcl:50
+#: git-gui.sh:2960 lib/choose_repository.tcl:55
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Hjälp"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2815 git-gui.sh:2819 lib/about.tcl:14
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:44 lib/choose_repository.tcl:53
+#: git-gui.sh:2964 git-gui.sh:2968 lib/choose_repository.tcl:49
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:58 lib/about.tcl:14
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "About %s"
 msgstr "Om %s"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2843
+#: git-gui.sh:2992
 msgid "Online Documentation"
 msgstr "Webbdokumentation"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2846 lib/choose_repository.tcl:47 lib/choose_repository.tcl:56
+#: git-gui.sh:2995 lib/choose_repository.tcl:52 lib/choose_repository.tcl:61
 msgid "Show SSH Key"
 msgstr "Visa SSH-nyckel"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2965
+#: git-gui.sh:3014 git-gui.sh:3146
+msgid "Usage"
+msgstr "Användning"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3095 lib/blame.tcl:573
+msgid "Error"
+msgstr "Fel"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3126
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "fatal: cannot stat path %s: No such file or directory"
 msgstr ""
 "ödesdigert: kunde inte ta status på sökvägen %s: Fil eller katalog saknas"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:2997
+#: git-gui.sh:3159
 msgid "Current Branch:"
 msgstr "Aktuell gren:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3023
+#: git-gui.sh:3185
 msgid "Staged Changes (Will Commit)"
 msgstr "Köade ändringar (kommer att checkas in)"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3043
+#: git-gui.sh:3205
 msgid "Unstaged Changes"
 msgstr "Oköade ändringar"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3098
+#: git-gui.sh:3276
 msgid "Stage Changed"
 msgstr "Köa ändrade"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3117 lib/transport.tcl:107 lib/transport.tcl:196
+#: git-gui.sh:3295 lib/transport.tcl:137 lib/transport.tcl:229
 msgid "Push"
 msgstr "Sänd"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3152
+#: git-gui.sh:3330
 msgid "Initial Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Inledande incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3153
+#: git-gui.sh:3331
 msgid "Amended Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Utökat incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3154
+#: git-gui.sh:3332
 msgid "Amended Initial Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Utökat inledande incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3155
+#: git-gui.sh:3333
 msgid "Amended Merge Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Utökat incheckningsmeddelande för sammanslagning:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3156
+#: git-gui.sh:3334
 msgid "Merge Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande för sammanslagning:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3157
+#: git-gui.sh:3335
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3206 git-gui.sh:3348 lib/console.tcl:73
+#: git-gui.sh:3384 git-gui.sh:3538 lib/console.tcl:73
 msgid "Copy All"
 msgstr "Kopiera alla"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3230 lib/blame.tcl:104
+#: git-gui.sh:3408 lib/blame.tcl:105
 msgid "File:"
 msgstr "Fil:"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3336
+#: git-gui.sh:3526
 msgid "Refresh"
 msgstr "Uppdatera"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3357
+#: git-gui.sh:3547
 msgid "Decrease Font Size"
 msgstr "Minska teckensnittsstorlek"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3361
+#: git-gui.sh:3551
 msgid "Increase Font Size"
 msgstr "Öka teckensnittsstorlek"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3369 lib/blame.tcl:281
+#: git-gui.sh:3559 lib/blame.tcl:294
 msgid "Encoding"
 msgstr "Teckenkodning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3380
+#: git-gui.sh:3570
 msgid "Apply/Reverse Hunk"
 msgstr "Använd/återställ del"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3385
+#: git-gui.sh:3575
 msgid "Apply/Reverse Line"
 msgstr "Använd/återställ rad"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3404
+#: git-gui.sh:3594
 msgid "Run Merge Tool"
 msgstr "Starta verktyg för sammanslagning"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3409
+#: git-gui.sh:3599
 msgid "Use Remote Version"
 msgstr "Använd versionen från fjärrarkivet"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3413
+#: git-gui.sh:3603
 msgid "Use Local Version"
 msgstr "Använd lokala versionen"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3417
+#: git-gui.sh:3607
 msgid "Revert To Base"
 msgstr "Återställ till basversionen"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3435
+#: git-gui.sh:3625
 msgid "Visualize These Changes In The Submodule"
 msgstr "Visualisera ändringarna i undermodulen"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3439
+#: git-gui.sh:3629
 msgid "Visualize Current Branch History In The Submodule"
 msgstr "Visualisera grenens historik i undermodulen"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3443
+#: git-gui.sh:3633
 msgid "Visualize All Branch History In The Submodule"
 msgstr "Visualisera alla grenars historik i undermodulen"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3448
+#: git-gui.sh:3638
 msgid "Start git gui In The Submodule"
 msgstr "Starta git gui i undermodulen"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3483
+#: git-gui.sh:3673
 msgid "Unstage Hunk From Commit"
 msgstr "Ta bort del ur incheckningskö"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3485
+#: git-gui.sh:3675
 msgid "Unstage Lines From Commit"
 msgstr "Ta bort rader ur incheckningskö"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3487
+#: git-gui.sh:3677
 msgid "Unstage Line From Commit"
 msgstr "Ta bort rad ur incheckningskö"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3490
+#: git-gui.sh:3680
 msgid "Stage Hunk For Commit"
 msgstr "Ställ del i incheckningskö"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3492
+#: git-gui.sh:3682
 msgid "Stage Lines For Commit"
 msgstr "Ställ rader i incheckningskö"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3494
+#: git-gui.sh:3684
 msgid "Stage Line For Commit"
 msgstr "Ställ rad i incheckningskö"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3519
+#: git-gui.sh:3709
 msgid "Initializing..."
 msgstr "Initierar..."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3658
+#: git-gui.sh:3852
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Possible environment issues exist.\n"
@@ -549,7 +580,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "av %s:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3687
+#: git-gui.sh:3881
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "This is due to a known issue with the\n"
@@ -559,7 +590,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Detta beror på ett känt problem med\n"
 "Tcl-binären som följer med Cygwin."
 
-#: git-gui.sh:3692
+#: git-gui.sh:3886
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -576,314 +607,30 @@ msgstr ""
 "user.name och user.email i din personliga\n"
 "~/.gitconfig-fil.\n"
 
-#: lib/about.tcl:26
-msgid "git-gui - a graphical user interface for Git."
-msgstr "git-gui - ett grafiskt användargränssnitt för Git."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:72
-msgid "File Viewer"
-msgstr "Filvisare"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:78
-msgid "Commit:"
-msgstr "Incheckning:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:271
-msgid "Copy Commit"
-msgstr "Kopiera incheckning"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:275
-msgid "Find Text..."
-msgstr "Sök text..."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:284
-msgid "Do Full Copy Detection"
-msgstr "Gör full kopieringsigenkänning"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:288
-msgid "Show History Context"
-msgstr "Visa historiksammanhang"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:291
-msgid "Blame Parent Commit"
-msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:450
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Reading %s..."
-msgstr "Läser %s..."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:581
-msgid "Loading copy/move tracking annotations..."
-msgstr "Läser annoteringar för kopiering/flyttning..."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:601
-msgid "lines annotated"
-msgstr "rader annoterade"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:793
-msgid "Loading original location annotations..."
-msgstr "Läser in annotering av originalplacering..."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:796
-msgid "Annotation complete."
-msgstr "Annotering fullbordad."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:826
-msgid "Busy"
-msgstr "Upptagen"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:827
-msgid "Annotation process is already running."
-msgstr "Annoteringsprocess körs redan."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:866
-msgid "Running thorough copy detection..."
-msgstr "Kör grundlig kopieringsigenkänning..."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:934
-msgid "Loading annotation..."
-msgstr "Läser in annotering..."
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:987
-msgid "Author:"
-msgstr "Författare:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:991
-msgid "Committer:"
-msgstr "Incheckare:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:996
-msgid "Original File:"
-msgstr "Ursprunglig fil:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:1044
-msgid "Cannot find HEAD commit:"
-msgstr "Hittar inte incheckning för HEAD:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:1099
-msgid "Cannot find parent commit:"
-msgstr "Hittar inte föräldraincheckning:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:1114
-msgid "Unable to display parent"
-msgstr "Kan inte visa förälder"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:1115 lib/diff.tcl:323
-msgid "Error loading diff:"
-msgstr "Fel vid inläsning av differens:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:1255
-msgid "Originally By:"
-msgstr "Ursprungligen av:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:1261
-msgid "In File:"
-msgstr "I filen:"
-
-#: lib/blame.tcl:1266
-msgid "Copied Or Moved Here By:"
-msgstr "Kopierad eller flyttad hit av:"
-
-#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:16 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:21
-msgid "Checkout Branch"
-msgstr "Checka ut gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:26
-msgid "Checkout"
-msgstr "Checka ut"
-
-#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:30 lib/branch_create.tcl:37
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:34 lib/branch_rename.tcl:32 lib/browser.tcl:286
-#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:579 lib/choose_font.tcl:45 lib/merge.tcl:172
-#: lib/option.tcl:127 lib/remote_add.tcl:34 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:43
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:202 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:345
-#: lib/transport.tcl:111
-msgid "Cancel"
-msgstr "Avbryt"
-
-#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:35 lib/browser.tcl:291 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:321
-msgid "Revision"
-msgstr "Revision"
+#: lib/line.tcl:17
+msgid "Goto Line:"
+msgstr "GÃ¥ till rad:"
 
-#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:39 lib/branch_create.tcl:69 lib/option.tcl:287
-msgid "Options"
-msgstr "Alternativ"
+#: lib/line.tcl:23
+msgid "Go"
+msgstr "GÃ¥"
 
-#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:42 lib/branch_create.tcl:92
-msgid "Fetch Tracking Branch"
-msgstr "Hämta spårande gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:47
-msgid "Detach From Local Branch"
-msgstr "Koppla bort från lokal gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:23
-msgid "Create Branch"
-msgstr "Skapa gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:28
-msgid "Create New Branch"
-msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:33 lib/choose_repository.tcl:389
-msgid "Create"
-msgstr "Skapa"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:42
-msgid "Branch Name"
-msgstr "Namn på gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:44 lib/remote_add.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:51
-msgid "Name:"
-msgstr "Namn:"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:57
-msgid "Match Tracking Branch Name"
-msgstr "Använd namn på spårad gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:66
-msgid "Starting Revision"
-msgstr "Inledande revision"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:72
-msgid "Update Existing Branch:"
-msgstr "Uppdatera befintlig gren:"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:75
-msgid "No"
-msgstr "Nej"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:80
-msgid "Fast Forward Only"
-msgstr "Endast snabbspolning"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:85 lib/checkout_op.tcl:571
-msgid "Reset"
-msgstr "Återställ"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:97
-msgid "Checkout After Creation"
-msgstr "Checka ut när skapad"
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:132
-msgid "Please select a tracking branch."
-msgstr "Välj en gren att spåra."
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:141
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Tracking branch %s is not a branch in the remote repository."
-msgstr "Den spårade grenen %s är inte en gren i fjärrarkivet."
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:154 lib/branch_rename.tcl:92
-msgid "Please supply a branch name."
-msgstr "Ange ett namn för grenen."
-
-#: lib/branch_create.tcl:165 lib/branch_rename.tcl:112
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable branch name."
-msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas som namn på grenen."
-
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:16
-msgid "Delete Branch"
-msgstr "Ta bort gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:21
-msgid "Delete Local Branch"
-msgstr "Ta bort lokal gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:39
-msgid "Local Branches"
-msgstr "Lokala grenar"
-
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:51
-msgid "Delete Only If Merged Into"
-msgstr "Ta bara bort om sammanslagen med"
-
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:53 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:120
-msgid "Always (Do not perform merge checks)"
-msgstr "Alltid (utför inte sammanslagningstest)"
-
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:103
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "The following branches are not completely merged into %s:"
-msgstr "Följande grenar är inte till fullo sammanslagna med %s:"
-
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:115 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:218
-msgid ""
-"Recovering deleted branches is difficult.\n"
-"\n"
-"Delete the selected branches?"
-msgstr ""
-"Det kan vara svårt att återställa borttagna grenar.\n"
-"\n"
-"Ta bort de valda grenarna?"
-
-#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:141
-#, tcl-format
-msgid ""
-"Failed to delete branches:\n"
-"%s"
-msgstr ""
-"Kunde inte ta bort grenar:\n"
-"%s"
-
-#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:15 lib/branch_rename.tcl:23
-msgid "Rename Branch"
-msgstr "Byt namn på gren"
-
-#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:28
-msgid "Rename"
-msgstr "Byt namn"
-
-#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:38
-msgid "Branch:"
-msgstr "Gren:"
-
-#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:46
-msgid "New Name:"
-msgstr "Nytt namn:"
-
-#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:81
-msgid "Please select a branch to rename."
-msgstr "Välj en gren att byta namn på."
-
-#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:102 lib/checkout_op.tcl:202
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Branch '%s' already exists."
-msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan."
-
-#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:123
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Failed to rename '%s'."
-msgstr "Kunde inte byta namn på \"%s\"."
-
-#: lib/browser.tcl:17
-msgid "Starting..."
-msgstr "Startar..."
-
-#: lib/browser.tcl:27
-msgid "File Browser"
-msgstr "Filbläddrare"
-
-#: lib/browser.tcl:126 lib/browser.tcl:143
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Loading %s..."
-msgstr "Läser %s..."
+#: lib/console.tcl:59
+msgid "Working... please wait..."
+msgstr "Arbetar... vänta..."
 
-#: lib/browser.tcl:187
-msgid "[Up To Parent]"
-msgstr "[Upp till förälder]"
+#: lib/console.tcl:81 lib/checkout_op.tcl:146 lib/sshkey.tcl:55
+#: lib/database.tcl:30
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Stäng"
 
-#: lib/browser.tcl:269 lib/browser.tcl:276
-msgid "Browse Branch Files"
-msgstr "Bläddra filer på grenen"
+#: lib/console.tcl:186
+msgid "Success"
+msgstr "Lyckades"
 
-#: lib/browser.tcl:282 lib/choose_repository.tcl:404
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:491 lib/choose_repository.tcl:500
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1027
-msgid "Browse"
-msgstr "Bläddra"
+#: lib/console.tcl:200
+msgid "Error: Command Failed"
+msgstr "Fel: Kommando misslyckades"
 
 #: lib/checkout_op.tcl:85
 #, tcl-format
@@ -895,11 +642,6 @@ msgstr "Hämtar %s från %s"
 msgid "fatal: Cannot resolve %s"
 msgstr "ödesdigert: Kunde inte slå upp %s"
 
-#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:146 lib/console.tcl:81 lib/database.tcl:30
-#: lib/sshkey.tcl:55
-msgid "Close"
-msgstr "Stäng"
-
 #: lib/checkout_op.tcl:175
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' does not exist."
@@ -910,6 +652,11 @@ msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns inte."
 msgid "Failed to configure simplified git-pull for '%s'."
 msgstr "Kunde inte konfigurera förenklad git-pull för '%s'."
 
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:202 lib/branch_rename.tcl:102
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan."
+
 #: lib/checkout_op.tcl:229
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
@@ -1008,10 +755,23 @@ msgstr "Det kanske inte är så enkelt att återskapa förlorade incheckningar."
 msgid "Reset '%s'?"
 msgstr "Återställa \"%s\"?"
 
-#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:567 lib/merge.tcl:164 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:336
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:567 lib/merge.tcl:166 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:336
 msgid "Visualize"
 msgstr "Visualisera"
 
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:571 lib/branch_create.tcl:85
+msgid "Reset"
+msgstr "Återställ"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:579 lib/transport.tcl:141 lib/remote_add.tcl:34
+#: lib/browser.tcl:292 lib/merge.tcl:174 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:30
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:45 lib/option.tcl:127 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:41
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:202 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:345 lib/branch_rename.tcl:32
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:43 lib/branch_create.tcl:37
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:34
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Avbryt"
+
 #: lib/checkout_op.tcl:635
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
@@ -1029,544 +789,442 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Detta skulle inte ha hänt. %s kommer nu stängas och ge upp."
 
-#: lib/choose_font.tcl:41
-msgid "Select"
-msgstr "Välj"
-
-#: lib/choose_font.tcl:55
-msgid "Font Family"
-msgstr "Teckensnittsfamilj"
-
-#: lib/choose_font.tcl:76
-msgid "Font Size"
-msgstr "Storlek"
-
-#: lib/choose_font.tcl:93
-msgid "Font Example"
-msgstr "Exempel"
-
-#: lib/choose_font.tcl:105
-msgid ""
-"This is example text.\n"
-"If you like this text, it can be your font."
-msgstr ""
-"Detta är en exempeltext.\n"
-"Om du tycker om den här texten kan den vara ditt teckensnitt."
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:28
-msgid "Git Gui"
-msgstr "Git Gui"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:87 lib/choose_repository.tcl:394
-msgid "Create New Repository"
-msgstr "Skapa nytt arkiv"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:93
-msgid "New..."
-msgstr "Nytt..."
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:100 lib/choose_repository.tcl:478
-msgid "Clone Existing Repository"
-msgstr "Klona befintligt arkiv"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:111
-msgid "Clone..."
-msgstr "Klona..."
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:118 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1017
-msgid "Open Existing Repository"
-msgstr "Öppna befintligt arkiv"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:124
-msgid "Open..."
-msgstr "Öppna..."
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:137
-msgid "Recent Repositories"
-msgstr "Senaste arkiven"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:143
-msgid "Open Recent Repository:"
-msgstr "Öppna tidigare arkiv:"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:313 lib/choose_repository.tcl:320
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:327
+#: lib/transport.tcl:6 lib/remote_add.tcl:132
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Failed to create repository %s:"
-msgstr "Kunde inte skapa arkivet %s:"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:399
-msgid "Directory:"
-msgstr "Katalog:"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:429 lib/choose_repository.tcl:550
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1051
-msgid "Git Repository"
-msgstr "Gitarkiv"
+msgid "fetch %s"
+msgstr "hämta %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:454
+#: lib/transport.tcl:7
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Directory %s already exists."
-msgstr "Katalogen %s finns redan."
+msgid "Fetching new changes from %s"
+msgstr "Hämtar nya ändringar från %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:458
+#: lib/transport.tcl:18
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "File %s already exists."
-msgstr "Filen %s finns redan."
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:473
-msgid "Clone"
-msgstr "Klona"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:486
-msgid "Source Location:"
-msgstr "Plats för källkod:"
+msgid "remote prune %s"
+msgstr "fjärrborttagning %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:495
-msgid "Target Directory:"
-msgstr "MÃ¥lkatalog:"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:19
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from %s"
+msgstr "Tar bort spårande grenar som tagits bort från %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:505
-msgid "Clone Type:"
-msgstr "Typ av klon:"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:25
+msgid "fetch all remotes"
+msgstr "hämta alla fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:510
-msgid "Standard (Fast, Semi-Redundant, Hardlinks)"
-msgstr "Standard (snabb, semiredundant, hårda länkar)"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:26
+msgid "Fetching new changes from all remotes"
+msgstr "Hämtar nya ändringar från alla fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:515
-msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
-msgstr "Full kopia (långsammare, redundant säkerhetskopia)"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:40
+msgid "remote prune all remotes"
+msgstr "rensa alla fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:520
-msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
-msgstr "Delad (snabbast, rekommenderas ej, ingen säkerhetskopia)"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:41
+msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from all remotes"
+msgstr "Rensar spårande grenar som tagits bort, från alla fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:556 lib/choose_repository.tcl:603
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:749 lib/choose_repository.tcl:819
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1057 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1065
+#: lib/transport.tcl:54 lib/transport.tcl:92 lib/transport.tcl:110
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:162
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Not a Git repository: %s"
-msgstr "Inte ett Gitarkiv: %s"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:592
-msgid "Standard only available for local repository."
-msgstr "Standard är endast tillgängligt för lokala arkiv."
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:596
-msgid "Shared only available for local repository."
-msgstr "Delat är endast tillgängligt för lokala arkiv."
+msgid "push %s"
+msgstr "sänd %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:617
+#: lib/transport.tcl:55
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Location %s already exists."
-msgstr "Platsen %s finns redan."
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:628
-msgid "Failed to configure origin"
-msgstr "Kunde inte konfigurera ursprung"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:640
-msgid "Counting objects"
-msgstr "Räknar objekt"
-
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:641
-msgid "buckets"
-msgstr "hinkar"
+msgid "Pushing changes to %s"
+msgstr "Sänder ändringar till %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:665
+#: lib/transport.tcl:93
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Unable to copy objects/info/alternates: %s"
-msgstr "Kunde inte kopiera objekt/info/alternativ: %s"
+msgid "Mirroring to %s"
+msgstr "Speglar till %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:701
+#: lib/transport.tcl:111
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Nothing to clone from %s."
-msgstr "Ingenting att klona från %s."
+msgid "Pushing %s %s to %s"
+msgstr "Sänder %s %s till %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:703 lib/choose_repository.tcl:917
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:929
-msgid "The 'master' branch has not been initialized."
-msgstr "Grenen \"master\" har inte initierats."
+#: lib/transport.tcl:132
+msgid "Push Branches"
+msgstr "Sänd grenar"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:716
-msgid "Hardlinks are unavailable.  Falling back to copying."
-msgstr "Hårda länkar är inte tillgängliga. Faller tillbaka på kopiering."
+#: lib/transport.tcl:147
+msgid "Source Branches"
+msgstr "Källgrenar"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:728
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cloning from %s"
-msgstr "Klonar från %s"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:162
+msgid "Destination Repository"
+msgstr "Destinationsarkiv"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:759
-msgid "Copying objects"
-msgstr "Kopierar objekt"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:165 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:51
+msgid "Remote:"
+msgstr "Fjärrarkiv:"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:760
-msgid "KiB"
-msgstr "KiB"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:187 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:72
+msgid "Arbitrary Location:"
+msgstr "Godtycklig plats:"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:784
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Unable to copy object: %s"
-msgstr "Kunde inte kopiera objekt: %s"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:205
+msgid "Transfer Options"
+msgstr "Överföringsalternativ"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:794
-msgid "Linking objects"
-msgstr "Länkar objekt"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:207
+msgid "Force overwrite existing branch (may discard changes)"
+msgstr "Tvinga överskrivning av befintlig gren (kan kasta bort ändringar)"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:795
-msgid "objects"
-msgstr "objekt"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:211
+msgid "Use thin pack (for slow network connections)"
+msgstr "Använd tunt paket (för långsamma nätverksanslutningar)"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:803
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Unable to hardlink object: %s"
-msgstr "Kunde inte hårdlänka objekt: %s"
+#: lib/transport.tcl:215
+msgid "Include tags"
+msgstr "Ta med taggar"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:858
-msgid "Cannot fetch branches and objects.  See console output for details."
-msgstr "Kunde inte hämta grenar och objekt. Se konsolutdata för detaljer."
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:20
+msgid "Add Remote"
+msgstr "Lägg till fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:869
-msgid "Cannot fetch tags.  See console output for details."
-msgstr "Kunde inte hämta taggar. Se konsolutdata för detaljer."
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:25
+msgid "Add New Remote"
+msgstr "Lägg till nytt fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:893
-msgid "Cannot determine HEAD.  See console output for details."
-msgstr "Kunde inte avgöra HEAD. Se konsolutdata för detaljer."
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:30 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:37
+msgid "Add"
+msgstr "Lägg till"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:902
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Unable to cleanup %s"
-msgstr "Kunde inte städa upp %s"
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:39
+msgid "Remote Details"
+msgstr "Detaljer för fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:908
-msgid "Clone failed."
-msgstr "Kloning misslyckades."
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:51 lib/branch_create.tcl:44
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Namn:"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:915
-msgid "No default branch obtained."
-msgstr "Hämtade ingen standardgren."
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:50
+msgid "Location:"
+msgstr "Plats:"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:926
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot resolve %s as a commit."
-msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp %s till någon incheckning."
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:60
+msgid "Further Action"
+msgstr "Ytterligare åtgärd"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:938
-msgid "Creating working directory"
-msgstr "Skapar arbetskatalog"
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:63
+msgid "Fetch Immediately"
+msgstr "Hämta omedelbart"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:939 lib/index.tcl:70 lib/index.tcl:133
-#: lib/index.tcl:201
-msgid "files"
-msgstr "filer"
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:69
+msgid "Initialize Remote Repository and Push"
+msgstr "Initiera fjärrarkiv och sänd till"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:968
-msgid "Initial file checkout failed."
-msgstr "Inledande filutcheckning misslyckades."
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:75
+msgid "Do Nothing Else Now"
+msgstr "Gör ingent mer nu"
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1012
-msgid "Open"
-msgstr "Öppna"
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:100
+msgid "Please supply a remote name."
+msgstr "Ange ett namn för fjärrarkivet."
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1022
-msgid "Repository:"
-msgstr "Arkiv:"
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:113
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable remote name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas som namn på fjärrarkivet."
 
-#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1071
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:124
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Failed to open repository %s:"
-msgstr "Kunde inte öppna arkivet %s:"
+msgid "Failed to add remote '%s' of location '%s'."
+msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till fjärrarkivet \"%s\" på platsen \"%s\"."
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:52
-msgid "This Detached Checkout"
-msgstr "Denna frånkopplade utcheckning"
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching the %s"
+msgstr "Hämtar %s"
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:60
-msgid "Revision Expression:"
-msgstr "Revisionsuttryck:"
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:156
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Do not know how to initialize repository at location '%s'."
+msgstr "Vet inte hur arkivet på platsen \"%s\" skall initieras."
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:72
-msgid "Local Branch"
-msgstr "Lokal gren"
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:163
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Setting up the %s (at %s)"
+msgstr "Konfigurerar %s (på %s)"
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:77
-msgid "Tracking Branch"
-msgstr "Spårande gren"
+#: lib/browser.tcl:17
+msgid "Starting..."
+msgstr "Startar..."
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:82 lib/choose_rev.tcl:543
-msgid "Tag"
-msgstr "Tagg"
+#: lib/browser.tcl:27
+msgid "File Browser"
+msgstr "Filbläddrare"
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:321
+#: lib/browser.tcl:132 lib/browser.tcl:149
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Invalid revision: %s"
-msgstr "Ogiltig revision: %s"
-
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:342
-msgid "No revision selected."
-msgstr "Ingen revision vald."
+msgid "Loading %s..."
+msgstr "Läser %s..."
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:350
-msgid "Revision expression is empty."
-msgstr "Revisionsuttrycket är tomt."
+#: lib/browser.tcl:193
+msgid "[Up To Parent]"
+msgstr "[Upp till förälder]"
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:536
-msgid "Updated"
-msgstr "Uppdaterad"
+#: lib/browser.tcl:275 lib/browser.tcl:282
+msgid "Browse Branch Files"
+msgstr "Bläddra filer på grenen"
 
-#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:564
-msgid "URL"
-msgstr "Webbadress"
+#: lib/browser.tcl:288 lib/choose_repository.tcl:422
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:509 lib/choose_repository.tcl:518
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1074
+msgid "Browse"
+msgstr "Bläddra"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:9
-msgid ""
-"There is nothing to amend.\n"
-"\n"
-"You are about to create the initial commit.  There is no commit before this "
-"to amend.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Det finns ingenting att utöka.\n"
-"\n"
-"Du håller på att skapa den inledande incheckningen. Det finns ingen tidigare "
-"incheckning att utöka.\n"
+#: lib/browser.tcl:297 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:35 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:321
+msgid "Revision"
+msgstr "Revision"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:18
+#: lib/merge.tcl:13
 msgid ""
-"Cannot amend while merging.\n"
+"Cannot merge while amending.\n"
 "\n"
-"You are currently in the middle of a merge that has not been fully "
-"completed.  You cannot amend the prior commit unless you first abort the "
-"current merge activity.\n"
+"You must finish amending this commit before starting any type of merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Kan inte utöka vid sammanslagning.\n"
+"Kan inte slå ihop vid utökning.\n"
 "\n"
-"Du är i mitten av en sammanslagning som inte är fullbordad. Du kan inte "
-"utöka tidigare incheckningar om du inte först avbryter den pågående "
-"sammanslagningen.\n"
-
-#: lib/commit.tcl:48
-msgid "Error loading commit data for amend:"
-msgstr "Fel vid inläsning av incheckningsdata för utökning:"
-
-#: lib/commit.tcl:75
-msgid "Unable to obtain your identity:"
-msgstr "Kunde inte hämta din identitet:"
-
-#: lib/commit.tcl:80
-msgid "Invalid GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:"
-msgstr "Felaktig GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:"
-
-#: lib/commit.tcl:129
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "warning: Tcl does not support encoding '%s'."
-msgstr "varning: Tcl stöder inte teckenkodningen \"%s\"."
+"Du måste göra färdig utökningen av incheckningen innan du påbörjar någon "
+"slags sammanslagning.\n"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:149
+#: lib/merge.tcl:27
 msgid ""
 "Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
 "\n"
 "Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
-"rescan must be performed before another commit can be created.\n"
+"rescan must be performed before a merge can be performed.\n"
 "\n"
 "The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Det senaste inlästa tillståndet motsvarar inte tillståndet i arkivet.\n"
 "\n"
 "Ett annat Git-program har ändrat arkivet sedan senaste avsökningen. Du måste "
-"utföra en ny sökning innan du kan göra en ny incheckning.\n"
+"utföra en ny sökning innan du kan utföra en sammanslagning.\n"
 "\n"
 "Sökningen kommer att startas automatiskt nu.\n"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:172
+#: lib/merge.tcl:45
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
-"Unmerged files cannot be committed.\n"
+"You are in the middle of a conflicted merge.\n"
 "\n"
-"File %s has merge conflicts.  You must resolve them and stage the file "
-"before committing.\n"
+"File %s has merge conflicts.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must resolve them, stage the file, and commit to complete the current "
+"merge.  Only then can you begin another merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Osammanslagna filer kan inte checkas in.\n"
+"Du är mitt i en sammanslagning med konflikter.\n"
 "\n"
-"Filen %s har sammanslagningskonflikter. Du måste lösa dem och köa filen "
-"innan du checkar in den.\n"
+"Filen %s har sammanslagningskonflikter.\n"
+"\n"
+"Du måste lösa dem, köa filen och checka in för att fullborda den aktuella "
+"sammanslagningen. När du gjort det kan du påbörja en ny sammanslagning.\n"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:180
+#: lib/merge.tcl:55
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
-"Unknown file state %s detected.\n"
+"You are in the middle of a change.\n"
 "\n"
-"File %s cannot be committed by this program.\n"
+"File %s is modified.\n"
+"\n"
+"You should complete the current commit before starting a merge.  Doing so "
+"will help you abort a failed merge, should the need arise.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Okänd filstatus %s upptäckt.\n"
+"Du är mitt i en ändring.\n"
 "\n"
-"Filen %s kan inte checkas in av programmet.\n"
+"Filen %s har ändringar.\n"
+"\n"
+"Du bör fullborda den aktuella incheckningen innan du påbörjar en "
+"sammanslagning. Om du gör det blir det enklare att avbryta en misslyckad "
+"sammanslagning, om det skulle vara nödvändigt.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:108
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s of %s"
+msgstr "%s av %s"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:122
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merging %s and %s..."
+msgstr "Slår ihop %s och %s..."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:133
+msgid "Merge completed successfully."
+msgstr "Sammanslagningen avslutades framgångsrikt."
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:188
+#: lib/merge.tcl:135
+msgid "Merge failed.  Conflict resolution is required."
+msgstr "Sammanslagningen misslyckades. Du måste lösa konflikterna."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:160
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merge Into %s"
+msgstr "Slå ihop i %s"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:179
+msgid "Revision To Merge"
+msgstr "Revisioner att slå ihop"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:214
 msgid ""
-"No changes to commit.\n"
+"Cannot abort while amending.\n"
 "\n"
-"You must stage at least 1 file before you can commit.\n"
+"You must finish amending this commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Inga ändringar att checka in.\n"
+"Kan inte avbryta vid utökning.\n"
 "\n"
-"Du måste köa åtminstone en fil innan du kan checka in.\n"
+"Du måste göra dig färdig med att utöka incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:203
+#: lib/merge.tcl:224
 msgid ""
-"Please supply a commit message.\n"
+"Abort merge?\n"
 "\n"
-"A good commit message has the following format:\n"
+"Aborting the current merge will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
 "\n"
-"- First line: Describe in one sentence what you did.\n"
-"- Second line: Blank\n"
-"- Remaining lines: Describe why this change is good.\n"
+"Continue with aborting the current merge?"
 msgstr ""
-"Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande.\n"
+"Avbryt sammanslagning?\n"
 "\n"
-"Ett bra incheckningsmeddelande har följande format:\n"
+"Om du avbryter sammanslagningen kommer *ALLA* ej incheckade ändringar att gå "
+"förlorade.\n"
 "\n"
-"- Första raden: Beskriv i en mening vad du gjorde.\n"
-"- Andra raden: Tom\n"
-"- Följande rader: Beskriv varför det här är en bra ändring.\n"
-
-#: lib/commit.tcl:234
-msgid "Calling pre-commit hook..."
-msgstr "Anropar kroken före incheckning (pre-commit)..."
+"GÃ¥ vidare med att avbryta den aktuella sammanslagningen?"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:249
-msgid "Commit declined by pre-commit hook."
-msgstr "Incheckningen avvisades av kroken före incheckning (pre-commit)."
+#: lib/merge.tcl:230
+msgid ""
+"Reset changes?\n"
+"\n"
+"Resetting the changes will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
+"\n"
+"Continue with resetting the current changes?"
+msgstr ""
+"Återställ ändringar?\n"
+"\n"
+"Om du återställer ändringarna kommer *ALLA* ej incheckade ändringar att gå "
+"förlorade.\n"
+"\n"
+"Gå vidare med att återställa de aktuella ändringarna?"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:272
-msgid "Calling commit-msg hook..."
-msgstr "Anropar kroken för incheckningsmeddelande (commit-msg)..."
+#: lib/merge.tcl:241
+msgid "Aborting"
+msgstr "Avbryter"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:287
-msgid "Commit declined by commit-msg hook."
-msgstr "Incheckning avvisad av kroken för incheckningsmeddelande (commit-msg)."
+#: lib/merge.tcl:241
+msgid "files reset"
+msgstr "filer återställda"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:300
-msgid "Committing changes..."
-msgstr "Checkar in ändringar..."
+#: lib/merge.tcl:269
+msgid "Abort failed."
+msgstr "Misslyckades avbryta."
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:316
-msgid "write-tree failed:"
-msgstr "write-tree misslyckades:"
+#: lib/merge.tcl:271
+msgid "Abort completed.  Ready."
+msgstr "Avbrytning fullbordad. Redo."
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:317 lib/commit.tcl:361 lib/commit.tcl:382
-msgid "Commit failed."
-msgstr "Incheckningen misslyckades."
+#: lib/tools.tcl:75
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Running %s requires a selected file."
+msgstr "För att starta %s måste du välja en fil."
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:334
+#: lib/tools.tcl:91
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Commit %s appears to be corrupt"
-msgstr "Incheckningen %s verkar vara trasig"
+msgid "Are you sure you want to run %1$s on file \"%2$s\"?"
+msgstr "Är du säker på att du vill starta %1$s med filen \"%2$s\"?"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:339
-msgid ""
-"No changes to commit.\n"
-"\n"
-"No files were modified by this commit and it was not a merge commit.\n"
-"\n"
-"A rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Inga ändringar att checka in.\n"
-"\n"
-"Inga filer ändrades av incheckningen och det var inte en sammanslagning.\n"
-"\n"
-"En sökning kommer att startas automatiskt nu.\n"
+#: lib/tools.tcl:95
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Are you sure you want to run %s?"
+msgstr "Är du säker på att du vill starta %s?"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:346
-msgid "No changes to commit."
-msgstr "Inga ändringar att checka in."
+#: lib/tools.tcl:116
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool: %s"
+msgstr "Verktyg: %s"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:360
-msgid "commit-tree failed:"
-msgstr "commit-tree misslyckades:"
+#: lib/tools.tcl:117
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Running: %s"
+msgstr "Exekverar: %s"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:381
-msgid "update-ref failed:"
-msgstr "update-ref misslyckades:"
+#: lib/tools.tcl:155
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool completed successfully: %s"
+msgstr "Verktyget avslutades framgångsrikt: %s"
 
-#: lib/commit.tcl:469
+#: lib/tools.tcl:157
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Created commit %s: %s"
-msgstr "Skapade incheckningen %s: %s"
+msgid "Tool failed: %s"
+msgstr "Verktyget misslyckades: %s"
 
-#: lib/console.tcl:59
-msgid "Working... please wait..."
-msgstr "Arbetar... vänta..."
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:16 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:21
+msgid "Checkout Branch"
+msgstr "Checka ut gren"
 
-#: lib/console.tcl:186
-msgid "Success"
-msgstr "Lyckades"
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:26
+msgid "Checkout"
+msgstr "Checka ut"
 
-#: lib/console.tcl:200
-msgid "Error: Command Failed"
-msgstr "Fel: Kommando misslyckades"
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:39 lib/option.tcl:310 lib/branch_create.tcl:69
+msgid "Options"
+msgstr "Alternativ"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:42
-msgid "Number of loose objects"
-msgstr "Antal lösa objekt"
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:42 lib/branch_create.tcl:92
+msgid "Fetch Tracking Branch"
+msgstr "Hämta spårande gren"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:43
-msgid "Disk space used by loose objects"
-msgstr "Diskutrymme använt av lösa objekt"
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:47
+msgid "Detach From Local Branch"
+msgstr "Koppla bort från lokal gren"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:44
-msgid "Number of packed objects"
-msgstr "Antal packade objekt"
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:57
+msgid "Unsupported spell checker"
+msgstr "Stavningskontrollprogrammet stöds inte"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:45
-msgid "Number of packs"
-msgstr "Antal paket"
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:65
+msgid "Spell checking is unavailable"
+msgstr "Stavningskontroll är ej tillgänglig"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:46
-msgid "Disk space used by packed objects"
-msgstr "Diskutrymme använt av packade objekt"
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:68
+msgid "Invalid spell checking configuration"
+msgstr "Ogiltig inställning för stavningskontroll"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:47
-msgid "Packed objects waiting for pruning"
-msgstr "Packade objekt som väntar på städning"
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:70
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reverting dictionary to %s."
+msgstr "Återställer ordlistan till %s."
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:48
-msgid "Garbage files"
-msgstr "Skräpfiler"
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:73
+msgid "Spell checker silently failed on startup"
+msgstr "Stavningskontroll misslyckades tyst vid start"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:72
-msgid "Compressing the object database"
-msgstr "Komprimerar objektdatabasen"
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:80
+msgid "Unrecognized spell checker"
+msgstr "Stavningskontrollprogrammet känns inte igen"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:83
-msgid "Verifying the object database with fsck-objects"
-msgstr "Verifierar objektdatabasen med fsck-objects"
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:186
+msgid "No Suggestions"
+msgstr "Inga förslag"
 
-#: lib/database.tcl:107
-#, tcl-format
-msgid ""
-"This repository currently has approximately %i loose objects.\n"
-"\n"
-"To maintain optimal performance it is strongly recommended that you compress "
-"the database.\n"
-"\n"
-"Compress the database now?"
-msgstr ""
-"Arkivet har för närvarande omkring %i lösa objekt.\n"
-"\n"
-"För att bibehålla optimal prestanda rekommenderas det å det bestämdaste att "
-"du komprimerar databasen.\n"
-"\n"
-"Komprimera databasen nu?"
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:388
+msgid "Unexpected EOF from spell checker"
+msgstr "Oväntat filslut från stavningskontroll"
 
-#: lib/date.tcl:25
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:392
+msgid "Spell Checker Failed"
+msgstr "Stavningskontroll misslyckades"
+
+#: lib/status_bar.tcl:87
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Invalid date from Git: %s"
-msgstr "Ogiltigt datum från Git: %s"
+msgid "%s ... %*i of %*i %s (%3i%%)"
+msgstr "%s... %*i av %*i %s (%3i%%)"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:64
+#: lib/diff.tcl:77
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "No differences detected.\n"
@@ -1589,12 +1247,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "En sökning kommer automatiskt att startas för att hitta andra filer som kan "
 "vara i samma tillstånd."
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:104
+#: lib/diff.tcl:117
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Loading diff of %s..."
 msgstr "Läser differens för %s..."
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:125
+#: lib/diff.tcl:140
 msgid ""
 "LOCAL: deleted\n"
 "REMOTE:\n"
@@ -1602,7 +1260,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "LOKAL: borttagen\n"
 "FJÄRR:\n"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:130
+#: lib/diff.tcl:145
 msgid ""
 "REMOTE: deleted\n"
 "LOCAL:\n"
@@ -1610,32 +1268,32 @@ msgstr ""
 "FJÄRR: borttagen\n"
 "LOKAL:\n"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:137
+#: lib/diff.tcl:152
 msgid "LOCAL:\n"
 msgstr "LOKAL:\n"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:140
+#: lib/diff.tcl:155
 msgid "REMOTE:\n"
 msgstr "FJÄRR:\n"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:202 lib/diff.tcl:322
+#: lib/diff.tcl:217 lib/diff.tcl:355
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Unable to display %s"
 msgstr "Kan inte visa %s"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:203
+#: lib/diff.tcl:218
 msgid "Error loading file:"
 msgstr "Fel vid läsning av fil:"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:210
+#: lib/diff.tcl:225
 msgid "Git Repository (subproject)"
 msgstr "Gitarkiv (underprojekt)"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:222
+#: lib/diff.tcl:237
 msgid "* Binary file (not showing content)."
 msgstr "* Binärfil (visar inte innehållet)."
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:227
+#: lib/diff.tcl:242
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "* Untracked file is %d bytes.\n"
@@ -1644,7 +1302,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "* Den ospårade filen är %d byte.\n"
 "* Visar endast inledande %d byte.\n"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:233
+#: lib/diff.tcl:248
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -1655,257 +1313,213 @@ msgstr ""
 "* Den ospårade filen klipptes här av %s.\n"
 "* För att se hela filen, använd ett externt redigeringsprogram.\n"
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:485
+#: lib/diff.tcl:356 lib/blame.tcl:1128
+msgid "Error loading diff:"
+msgstr "Fel vid inläsning av differens:"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:578
 msgid "Failed to unstage selected hunk."
 msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort den valda delen från kön."
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:492
+#: lib/diff.tcl:585
 msgid "Failed to stage selected hunk."
 msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till den valda delen till kön."
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:571
+#: lib/diff.tcl:664
 msgid "Failed to unstage selected line."
 msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort den valda raden från kön."
 
-#: lib/diff.tcl:579
+#: lib/diff.tcl:672
 msgid "Failed to stage selected line."
 msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till den valda raden till kön."
 
-#: lib/encoding.tcl:443
-msgid "Default"
-msgstr "Standard"
+#: lib/remote.tcl:200
+msgid "Push to"
+msgstr "Sänd till"
 
-#: lib/encoding.tcl:448
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "System (%s)"
-msgstr "Systemets (%s)"
+#: lib/remote.tcl:218
+msgid "Remove Remote"
+msgstr "Ta bort fjärrarkiv"
 
-#: lib/encoding.tcl:459 lib/encoding.tcl:465
-msgid "Other"
-msgstr "Annan"
+#: lib/remote.tcl:223
+msgid "Prune from"
+msgstr "Ta bort från"
 
-#: lib/error.tcl:20 lib/error.tcl:116
-msgid "error"
-msgstr "fel"
+#: lib/remote.tcl:228
+msgid "Fetch from"
+msgstr "Hämta från"
 
-#: lib/error.tcl:36
-msgid "warning"
-msgstr "varning"
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:41
+msgid "Select"
+msgstr "Välj"
 
-#: lib/error.tcl:96
-msgid "You must correct the above errors before committing."
-msgstr "Du måste rätta till felen ovan innan du checkar in."
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:55
+msgid "Font Family"
+msgstr "Teckensnittsfamilj"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:6
-msgid "Unable to unlock the index."
-msgstr "Kunde inte låsa upp indexet."
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:76
+msgid "Font Size"
+msgstr "Storlek"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:17
-msgid "Index Error"
-msgstr "Indexfel"
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:93
+msgid "Font Example"
+msgstr "Exempel"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:19
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:105
 msgid ""
-"Updating the Git index failed.  A rescan will be automatically started to "
-"resynchronize git-gui."
+"This is example text.\n"
+"If you like this text, it can be your font."
 msgstr ""
-"Misslyckades med att uppdatera Gitindexet. En omsökning kommer att startas "
-"automatiskt för att synkronisera om git-gui."
-
-#: lib/index.tcl:30
-msgid "Continue"
-msgstr "Fortsätt"
+"Detta är en exempeltext.\n"
+"Om du tycker om den här texten kan den vara ditt teckensnitt."
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:33
-msgid "Unlock Index"
-msgstr "LÃ¥s upp index"
+#: lib/option.tcl:11
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid global encoding '%s'"
+msgstr "Den globala teckenkodningen \"%s\" är ogiltig"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:292
+#: lib/option.tcl:19
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Unstaging %s from commit"
-msgstr "Tar bort %s för incheckningskön"
+msgid "Invalid repo encoding '%s'"
+msgstr "Arkivets teckenkodning \"%s\" är ogiltig"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:331
-msgid "Ready to commit."
-msgstr "Redo att checka in."
+#: lib/option.tcl:119
+msgid "Restore Defaults"
+msgstr "Återställ standardvärden"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:344
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Adding %s"
-msgstr "Lägger till %s"
+#: lib/option.tcl:123
+msgid "Save"
+msgstr "Spara"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:401
+#: lib/option.tcl:133
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Revert changes in file %s?"
-msgstr "Återställ ändringarna i filen %s?"
+msgid "%s Repository"
+msgstr "Arkivet %s"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:403
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Revert changes in these %i files?"
-msgstr "Återställ ändringarna i dessa %i filer?"
+#: lib/option.tcl:134
+msgid "Global (All Repositories)"
+msgstr "Globalt (alla arkiv)"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:411
-msgid "Any unstaged changes will be permanently lost by the revert."
-msgstr ""
-"Alla oköade ändringar kommer permanent gå förlorade vid återställningen."
+#: lib/option.tcl:140
+msgid "User Name"
+msgstr "Användarnamn"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:414
-msgid "Do Nothing"
-msgstr "Gör ingenting"
+#: lib/option.tcl:141
+msgid "Email Address"
+msgstr "E-postadress"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:432
-msgid "Reverting selected files"
-msgstr "Återställer valda filer"
+#: lib/option.tcl:143
+msgid "Summarize Merge Commits"
+msgstr "Summera sammanslagningsincheckningar"
 
-#: lib/index.tcl:436
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Reverting %s"
-msgstr "Återställer %s"
+#: lib/option.tcl:144
+msgid "Merge Verbosity"
+msgstr "Pratsamhet för sammanslagningar"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:13
-msgid ""
-"Cannot merge while amending.\n"
-"\n"
-"You must finish amending this commit before starting any type of merge.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Kan inte slå ihop vid utökning.\n"
-"\n"
-"Du måste göra färdig utökningen av incheckningen innan du påbörjar någon "
-"slags sammanslagning.\n"
+#: lib/option.tcl:145
+msgid "Show Diffstat After Merge"
+msgstr "Visa diffstatistik efter sammanslagning"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:27
-msgid ""
-"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
-"\n"
-"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
-"rescan must be performed before a merge can be performed.\n"
-"\n"
-"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Det senaste inlästa tillståndet motsvarar inte tillståndet i arkivet.\n"
-"\n"
-"Ett annat Git-program har ändrat arkivet sedan senaste avsökningen. Du måste "
-"utföra en ny sökning innan du kan utföra en sammanslagning.\n"
-"\n"
-"Sökningen kommer att startas automatiskt nu.\n"
+#: lib/option.tcl:146
+msgid "Use Merge Tool"
+msgstr "Använd verktyg för sammanslagning"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:45
-#, tcl-format
-msgid ""
-"You are in the middle of a conflicted merge.\n"
-"\n"
-"File %s has merge conflicts.\n"
-"\n"
-"You must resolve them, stage the file, and commit to complete the current "
-"merge.  Only then can you begin another merge.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Du är mitt i en sammanslagning med konflikter.\n"
-"\n"
-"Filen %s har sammanslagningskonflikter.\n"
-"\n"
-"Du måste lösa dem, köa filen och checka in för att fullborda den aktuella "
-"sammanslagningen. När du gjort det kan du påbörja en ny sammanslagning.\n"
+#: lib/option.tcl:148
+msgid "Trust File Modification Timestamps"
+msgstr "Lita på filändringstidsstämplar"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:55
-#, tcl-format
-msgid ""
-"You are in the middle of a change.\n"
-"\n"
-"File %s is modified.\n"
-"\n"
-"You should complete the current commit before starting a merge.  Doing so "
-"will help you abort a failed merge, should the need arise.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Du är mitt i en ändring.\n"
-"\n"
-"Filen %s har ändringar.\n"
-"\n"
-"Du bör fullborda den aktuella incheckningen innan du påbörjar en "
-"sammanslagning. Om du gör det blir det enklare att avbryta en misslyckad "
-"sammanslagning, om det skulle vara nödvändigt.\n"
+#: lib/option.tcl:149
+msgid "Prune Tracking Branches During Fetch"
+msgstr "Städa spårade grenar vid hämtning"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:107
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "%s of %s"
-msgstr "%s av %s"
+#: lib/option.tcl:150
+msgid "Match Tracking Branches"
+msgstr "Matcha spårade grenar"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:120
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Merging %s and %s..."
-msgstr "Slår ihop %s och %s..."
+#: lib/option.tcl:151
+msgid "Use Textconv For Diffs and Blames"
+msgstr "Använd Textconv för diff och klandring"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:131
-msgid "Merge completed successfully."
-msgstr "Sammanslagningen avslutades framgångsrikt."
+#: lib/option.tcl:152
+msgid "Blame Copy Only On Changed Files"
+msgstr "Klandra kopiering bara i ändrade filer"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:133
-msgid "Merge failed.  Conflict resolution is required."
-msgstr "Sammanslagningen misslyckades. Du måste lösa konflikterna."
+#: lib/option.tcl:153
+msgid "Maximum Length of Recent Repositories List"
+msgstr "Max längd för lista över tidigare arkiv"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:158
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Merge Into %s"
-msgstr "Slå ihop i %s"
+#: lib/option.tcl:154
+msgid "Minimum Letters To Blame Copy On"
+msgstr "Minsta antal tecken att klandra kopiering för"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:177
-msgid "Revision To Merge"
-msgstr "Revisioner att slå ihop"
+#: lib/option.tcl:155
+msgid "Blame History Context Radius (days)"
+msgstr "Historikradie för klandring (dagar)"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:212
-msgid ""
-"Cannot abort while amending.\n"
-"\n"
-"You must finish amending this commit.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Kan inte avbryta vid utökning.\n"
-"\n"
-"Du måste göra dig färdig med att utöka incheckningen.\n"
+#: lib/option.tcl:156
+msgid "Number of Diff Context Lines"
+msgstr "Antal rader sammanhang i differenser"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:222
-msgid ""
-"Abort merge?\n"
-"\n"
-"Aborting the current merge will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
-"\n"
-"Continue with aborting the current merge?"
-msgstr ""
-"Avbryt sammanslagning?\n"
-"\n"
-"Om du avbryter sammanslagningen kommer *ALLA* ej incheckade ändringar att gå "
-"förlorade.\n"
-"\n"
-"GÃ¥ vidare med att avbryta den aktuella sammanslagningen?"
+#: lib/option.tcl:157
+msgid "Additional Diff Parameters"
+msgstr "Ytterligare diff-parametrar"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:228
-msgid ""
-"Reset changes?\n"
-"\n"
-"Resetting the changes will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
-"\n"
-"Continue with resetting the current changes?"
-msgstr ""
-"Återställ ändringar?\n"
-"\n"
-"Om du återställer ändringarna kommer *ALLA* ej incheckade ändringar att gå "
-"förlorade.\n"
-"\n"
-"Gå vidare med att återställa de aktuella ändringarna?"
+#: lib/option.tcl:158
+msgid "Commit Message Text Width"
+msgstr "Textbredd för incheckningsmeddelande"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:239
-msgid "Aborting"
-msgstr "Avbryter"
+#: lib/option.tcl:159
+msgid "New Branch Name Template"
+msgstr "Mall för namn på nya grenar"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:239
-msgid "files reset"
-msgstr "filer återställda"
+#: lib/option.tcl:160
+msgid "Default File Contents Encoding"
+msgstr "Standardteckenkodning för filinnehåll"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:267
-msgid "Abort failed."
-msgstr "Misslyckades avbryta."
+#: lib/option.tcl:161
+msgid "Warn before committing to a detached head"
+msgstr "Varna för incheckning på frånkopplat huvud"
 
-#: lib/merge.tcl:269
-msgid "Abort completed.  Ready."
-msgstr "Avbrytning fullbordad. Redo."
+#: lib/option.tcl:162
+msgid "Staging of untracked files"
+msgstr "Köa ospårade filer"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:163
+msgid "Show untracked files"
+msgstr "Visa ospårade filer"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:164
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Blanksteg för tabulatortecken"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:210
+msgid "Change"
+msgstr "Ändra"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:254
+msgid "Spelling Dictionary:"
+msgstr "Stavningsordlista:"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:284
+msgid "Change Font"
+msgstr "Byt teckensnitt"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:288
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Choose %s"
+msgstr "Välj %s"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:294
+msgid "pt."
+msgstr "p."
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:308
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Inställningar"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:345
+msgid "Failed to completely save options:"
+msgstr "Misslyckades med att helt spara alternativ:"
 
 #: lib/mergetool.tcl:8
 msgid "Force resolution to the base version?"
@@ -1952,21 +1566,21 @@ msgstr "Kan inte lösa borttagnings- eller länkkonflikter med ett verktyg"
 msgid "Conflict file does not exist"
 msgstr "Konfliktfil existerar inte"
 
-#: lib/mergetool.tcl:264
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:246
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Not a GUI merge tool: '%s'"
 msgstr "Inte ett grafiskt verktyg för sammanslagning: %s"
 
-#: lib/mergetool.tcl:268
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:275
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Unsupported merge tool '%s'"
 msgstr "Verktyget \"%s\" för sammanslagning stöds inte"
 
-#: lib/mergetool.tcl:303
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:310
 msgid "Merge tool is already running, terminate it?"
 msgstr "Verktyget för sammanslagning körs redan. Vill du avsluta det?"
 
-#: lib/mergetool.tcl:323
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:330
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Error retrieving versions:\n"
@@ -1975,7 +1589,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Fel vid hämtning av versioner:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: lib/mergetool.tcl:343
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:350
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not start the merge tool:\n"
@@ -1986,213 +1600,158 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: lib/mergetool.tcl:347
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:354
 msgid "Running merge tool..."
 msgstr "Kör verktyg för sammanslagning..."
 
-#: lib/mergetool.tcl:375 lib/mergetool.tcl:383
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:382 lib/mergetool.tcl:390
 msgid "Merge tool failed."
 msgstr "Verktyget för sammanslagning misslyckades."
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:11
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Invalid global encoding '%s'"
-msgstr "Den globala teckenkodningen \"%s\" är ogiltig"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:19
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Invalid repo encoding '%s'"
-msgstr "Arkivets teckenkodning \"%s\" är ogiltig"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:119
-msgid "Restore Defaults"
-msgstr "Återställ standardvärden"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:123
-msgid "Save"
-msgstr "Spara"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:133
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "%s Repository"
-msgstr "Arkivet %s"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:134
-msgid "Global (All Repositories)"
-msgstr "Globalt (alla arkiv)"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:140
-msgid "User Name"
-msgstr "Användarnamn"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:141
-msgid "Email Address"
-msgstr "E-postadress"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:143
-msgid "Summarize Merge Commits"
-msgstr "Summera sammanslagningsincheckningar"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:22
+msgid "Add Tool"
+msgstr "Lägg till verktyg"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:144
-msgid "Merge Verbosity"
-msgstr "Pratsamhet för sammanslagningar"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:28
+msgid "Add New Tool Command"
+msgstr "Lägg till nytt verktygskommando"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:145
-msgid "Show Diffstat After Merge"
-msgstr "Visa diffstatistik efter sammanslagning"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:34
+msgid "Add globally"
+msgstr "Lägg till globalt"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:146
-msgid "Use Merge Tool"
-msgstr "Använd verktyg för sammanslagning"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:46
+msgid "Tool Details"
+msgstr "Detaljer för verktyg"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:148
-msgid "Trust File Modification Timestamps"
-msgstr "Lita på filändringstidsstämplar"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:49
+msgid "Use '/' separators to create a submenu tree:"
+msgstr "Använd \"/\"-avdelare för att skapa ett undermenyträd:"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:149
-msgid "Prune Tracking Branches During Fetch"
-msgstr "Städa spårade grenar vid hämtning"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:60
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:150
-msgid "Match Tracking Branches"
-msgstr "Matcha spårade grenar"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:71
+msgid "Show a dialog before running"
+msgstr "Visa dialog innan programmet startas"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:151
-msgid "Use Textconv For Diffs and Blames"
-msgstr "Använd Textconv för diff och klandring"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:77
+msgid "Ask the user to select a revision (sets $REVISION)"
+msgstr "Be användaren välja en version (sätter $REVISION)"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:152
-msgid "Blame Copy Only On Changed Files"
-msgstr "Klandra kopiering bara i ändrade filer"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:82
+msgid "Ask the user for additional arguments (sets $ARGS)"
+msgstr "Be användaren om ytterligare parametrar (sätter $ARGS)"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:153
-msgid "Minimum Letters To Blame Copy On"
-msgstr "Minsta antal tecken att klandra kopiering för"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:89
+msgid "Don't show the command output window"
+msgstr "Visa inte kommandots utdatafönster"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:154
-msgid "Blame History Context Radius (days)"
-msgstr "Historikradie för klandring (dagar)"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:94
+msgid "Run only if a diff is selected ($FILENAME not empty)"
+msgstr "Kör endast om en diff har markerats ($FILENAME är inte tomt)"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:155
-msgid "Number of Diff Context Lines"
-msgstr "Antal rader sammanhang i differenser"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:118
+msgid "Please supply a name for the tool."
+msgstr "Ange ett namn för verktyget."
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:156
-msgid "Commit Message Text Width"
-msgstr "Textbredd för incheckningsmeddelande"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:126
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Verktyget \"%s\" finns redan."
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:157
-msgid "New Branch Name Template"
-msgstr "Mall för namn på nya grenar"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:148
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not add tool:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte lägga till verktyget:\n"
+"%s"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:158
-msgid "Default File Contents Encoding"
-msgstr "Standardteckenkodning för filinnehåll"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:187
+msgid "Remove Tool"
+msgstr "Ta bort verktyg"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:204
-msgid "Change"
-msgstr "Ändra"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:193
+msgid "Remove Tool Commands"
+msgstr "Ta bort verktygskommandon"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:231
-msgid "Spelling Dictionary:"
-msgstr "Stavningsordlista:"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:198
+msgid "Remove"
+msgstr "Ta bort"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:261
-msgid "Change Font"
-msgstr "Byt teckensnitt"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:231
+msgid "(Blue denotes repository-local tools)"
+msgstr "(Blått anger verktyg lokala för arkivet)"
 
-#: lib/option.tcl:265
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:292
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Choose %s"
-msgstr "Välj %s"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:271
-msgid "pt."
-msgstr "p."
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:285
-msgid "Preferences"
-msgstr "Inställningar"
-
-#: lib/option.tcl:322
-msgid "Failed to completely save options:"
-msgstr "Misslyckades med att helt spara alternativ:"
-
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:20
-msgid "Add Remote"
-msgstr "Lägg till fjärrarkiv"
+msgid "Run Command: %s"
+msgstr "Kör kommandot: %s"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:25
-msgid "Add New Remote"
-msgstr "Lägg till nytt fjärrarkiv"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:306
+msgid "Arguments"
+msgstr "Argument"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:30 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:37
-msgid "Add"
-msgstr "Lägg till"
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:341
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "OK"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:39
-msgid "Remote Details"
-msgstr "Detaljer för fjärrarkiv"
+#: lib/search.tcl:48
+msgid "Find:"
+msgstr "Sök:"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:50
-msgid "Location:"
-msgstr "Plats:"
+#: lib/search.tcl:50
+msgid "Next"
+msgstr "Nästa"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:60
-msgid "Further Action"
-msgstr "Ytterligare åtgärd"
+#: lib/search.tcl:51
+msgid "Prev"
+msgstr "Föreg"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:63
-msgid "Fetch Immediately"
-msgstr "Hämta omedelbart"
+#: lib/search.tcl:52
+msgid "RegExp"
+msgstr "Reg.uttr."
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:69
-msgid "Initialize Remote Repository and Push"
-msgstr "Initiera fjärrarkiv och sänd till"
+#: lib/search.tcl:54
+msgid "Case"
+msgstr "Skiftläge"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:75
-msgid "Do Nothing Else Now"
-msgstr "Gör ingent mer nu"
-
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:100
-msgid "Please supply a remote name."
-msgstr "Ange ett namn för fjärrarkivet."
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:15 lib/branch_rename.tcl:23
+msgid "Rename Branch"
+msgstr "Byt namn på gren"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:113
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable remote name."
-msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas som namn på fjärrarkivet."
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:28
+msgid "Rename"
+msgstr "Byt namn"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:124
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Failed to add remote '%s' of location '%s'."
-msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till fjärrarkivet \"%s\" på platsen \"%s\"."
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:38
+msgid "Branch:"
+msgstr "Gren:"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:132 lib/transport.tcl:6
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "fetch %s"
-msgstr "hämta %s"
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:46
+msgid "New Name:"
+msgstr "Nytt namn:"
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:133
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Fetching the %s"
-msgstr "Hämtar %s"
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:81
+msgid "Please select a branch to rename."
+msgstr "Välj en gren att byta namn på."
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:156
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Do not know how to initialize repository at location '%s'."
-msgstr "Vet inte hur arkivet på platsen \"%s\" skall initieras."
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:92 lib/branch_create.tcl:154
+msgid "Please supply a branch name."
+msgstr "Ange ett namn för grenen."
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:162 lib/transport.tcl:25 lib/transport.tcl:63
-#: lib/transport.tcl:81
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:112 lib/branch_create.tcl:165
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "push %s"
-msgstr "sänd %s"
+msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable branch name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas som namn på grenen."
 
-#: lib/remote_add.tcl:163
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:123
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Setting up the %s (at %s)"
-msgstr "Konfigurerar %s (på %s)"
+msgid "Failed to rename '%s'."
+msgstr "Kunde inte byta namn på \"%s\"."
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:29 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:34
 msgid "Delete Branch Remotely"
@@ -2202,14 +1761,6 @@ msgstr "Ta bort gren från fjärrarkiv"
 msgid "From Repository"
 msgstr "Från arkiv"
 
-#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:51 lib/transport.tcl:134
-msgid "Remote:"
-msgstr "Fjärrarkiv:"
-
-#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:72 lib/transport.tcl:154
-msgid "Arbitrary Location:"
-msgstr "Godtycklig plats:"
-
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:88
 msgid "Branches"
 msgstr "Grenar"
@@ -2222,6 +1773,10 @@ msgstr "Ta endast bort om"
 msgid "Merged Into:"
 msgstr "Sammanslagen i:"
 
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:120 lib/branch_delete.tcl:53
+msgid "Always (Do not perform merge checks)"
+msgstr "Alltid (utför inte sammanslagningstest)"
+
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:153
 msgid "A branch is required for 'Merged Into'."
 msgstr "En gren krävs för \"Sammanslagen i\"."
@@ -2250,96 +1805,381 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Please select one or more branches to delete."
 msgstr "Välj en eller flera grenar att ta bort."
 
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:218 lib/branch_delete.tcl:115
+msgid ""
+"Recovering deleted branches is difficult.\n"
+"\n"
+"Delete the selected branches?"
+msgstr ""
+"Det kan vara svårt att återställa borttagna grenar.\n"
+"\n"
+"Ta bort de valda grenarna?"
+
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:227
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Deleting branches from %s"
 msgstr "Tar bort grenar från %s"
 
-#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:293
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:300
 msgid "No repository selected."
 msgstr "Inget arkiv markerat."
 
-#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:298
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:305
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Scanning %s..."
 msgstr "Söker %s..."
 
-#: lib/remote.tcl:163
-msgid "Remove Remote"
-msgstr "Ta bort fjärrarkiv"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:33
+msgid "Git Gui"
+msgstr "Git Gui"
 
-#: lib/remote.tcl:168
-msgid "Prune from"
-msgstr "Ta bort från"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:92 lib/choose_repository.tcl:412
+msgid "Create New Repository"
+msgstr "Skapa nytt arkiv"
 
-#: lib/remote.tcl:173
-msgid "Fetch from"
-msgstr "Hämta från"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:98
+msgid "New..."
+msgstr "Nytt..."
 
-#: lib/remote.tcl:215
-msgid "Push to"
-msgstr "Sänd till"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:105 lib/choose_repository.tcl:496
+msgid "Clone Existing Repository"
+msgstr "Klona befintligt arkiv"
 
-#: lib/search.tcl:22
-msgid "Find:"
-msgstr "Sök:"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:116
+msgid "Clone..."
+msgstr "Klona..."
 
-#: lib/search.tcl:24
-msgid "Next"
-msgstr "Nästa"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:123 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1064
+msgid "Open Existing Repository"
+msgstr "Öppna befintligt arkiv"
 
-#: lib/search.tcl:25
-msgid "Prev"
-msgstr "Föreg"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:129
+msgid "Open..."
+msgstr "Öppna..."
 
-#: lib/search.tcl:26
-msgid "Case-Sensitive"
-msgstr "Skilj på VERSALER/gemener"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:142
+msgid "Recent Repositories"
+msgstr "Senaste arkiven"
 
-#: lib/shortcut.tcl:21 lib/shortcut.tcl:62
-msgid "Cannot write shortcut:"
-msgstr "Kan inte skriva genväg:"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:148
+msgid "Open Recent Repository:"
+msgstr "Öppna tidigare arkiv:"
 
-#: lib/shortcut.tcl:137
-msgid "Cannot write icon:"
-msgstr "Kan inte skriva ikon:"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:316 lib/choose_repository.tcl:323
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:330
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to create repository %s:"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa arkivet %s:"
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:57
-msgid "Unsupported spell checker"
-msgstr "Stavningskontrollprogrammet stöds inte"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:407 lib/branch_create.tcl:33
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Skapa"
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:65
-msgid "Spell checking is unavailable"
-msgstr "Stavningskontroll är ej tillgänglig"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:417
+msgid "Directory:"
+msgstr "Katalog:"
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:68
-msgid "Invalid spell checking configuration"
-msgstr "Ogiltig inställning för stavningskontroll"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:447 lib/choose_repository.tcl:573
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1098
+msgid "Git Repository"
+msgstr "Gitarkiv"
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:70
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:472
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Reverting dictionary to %s."
-msgstr "Återställer ordlistan till %s."
+msgid "Directory %s already exists."
+msgstr "Katalogen %s finns redan."
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:73
-msgid "Spell checker silently failed on startup"
-msgstr "Stavningskontroll misslyckades tyst vid start"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:476
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "File %s already exists."
+msgstr "Filen %s finns redan."
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:80
-msgid "Unrecognized spell checker"
-msgstr "Stavningskontrollprogrammet känns inte igen"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:491
+msgid "Clone"
+msgstr "Klona"
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:186
-msgid "No Suggestions"
-msgstr "Inga förslag"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:504
+msgid "Source Location:"
+msgstr "Plats för källkod:"
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:388
-msgid "Unexpected EOF from spell checker"
-msgstr "Oväntat filslut från stavningskontroll"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:513
+msgid "Target Directory:"
+msgstr "MÃ¥lkatalog:"
 
-#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:392
-msgid "Spell Checker Failed"
-msgstr "Stavningskontroll misslyckades"
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:523
+msgid "Clone Type:"
+msgstr "Typ av klon:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:528
+msgid "Standard (Fast, Semi-Redundant, Hardlinks)"
+msgstr "Standard (snabb, semiredundant, hårda länkar)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:533
+msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
+msgstr "Full kopia (långsammare, redundant säkerhetskopia)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:538
+msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
+msgstr "Delad (snabbast, rekommenderas ej, ingen säkerhetskopia)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:545
+msgid "Recursively clone submodules too"
+msgstr "Klona även rekursivt undermoduler"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:579 lib/choose_repository.tcl:626
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:772 lib/choose_repository.tcl:842
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1104 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1112
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Not a Git repository: %s"
+msgstr "Inte ett Gitarkiv: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:615
+msgid "Standard only available for local repository."
+msgstr "Standard är endast tillgängligt för lokala arkiv."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:619
+msgid "Shared only available for local repository."
+msgstr "Delat är endast tillgängligt för lokala arkiv."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:640
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Location %s already exists."
+msgstr "Platsen %s finns redan."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:651
+msgid "Failed to configure origin"
+msgstr "Kunde inte konfigurera ursprung"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:663
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Räknar objekt"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:664
+msgid "buckets"
+msgstr "hinkar"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:688
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to copy objects/info/alternates: %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte kopiera objekt/info/alternativ: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:724
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Nothing to clone from %s."
+msgstr "Ingenting att klona från %s."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:726 lib/choose_repository.tcl:940
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:952
+msgid "The 'master' branch has not been initialized."
+msgstr "Grenen \"master\" har inte initierats."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:739
+msgid "Hardlinks are unavailable.  Falling back to copying."
+msgstr "Hårda länkar är inte tillgängliga. Faller tillbaka på kopiering."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:751
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cloning from %s"
+msgstr "Klonar från %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:782
+msgid "Copying objects"
+msgstr "Kopierar objekt"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:783
+msgid "KiB"
+msgstr "KiB"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:807
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to copy object: %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte kopiera objekt: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:817
+msgid "Linking objects"
+msgstr "Länkar objekt"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:818
+msgid "objects"
+msgstr "objekt"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:826
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to hardlink object: %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hårdlänka objekt: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:881
+msgid "Cannot fetch branches and objects.  See console output for details."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta grenar och objekt. Se konsolutdata för detaljer."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:892
+msgid "Cannot fetch tags.  See console output for details."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta taggar. Se konsolutdata för detaljer."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:916
+msgid "Cannot determine HEAD.  See console output for details."
+msgstr "Kunde inte avgöra HEAD. Se konsolutdata för detaljer."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:925
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to cleanup %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte städa upp %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:931
+msgid "Clone failed."
+msgstr "Kloning misslyckades."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:938
+msgid "No default branch obtained."
+msgstr "Hämtade ingen standardgren."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:949
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot resolve %s as a commit."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp %s till någon incheckning."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:961
+msgid "Creating working directory"
+msgstr "Skapar arbetskatalog"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:962 lib/index.tcl:70 lib/index.tcl:136
+#: lib/index.tcl:207
+msgid "files"
+msgstr "filer"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:981
+msgid "Cannot clone submodules."
+msgstr "Kan inte klona undermoduler."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:990
+msgid "Cloning submodules"
+msgstr "Klonar undermoduler"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1015
+msgid "Initial file checkout failed."
+msgstr "Inledande filutcheckning misslyckades."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1059
+msgid "Open"
+msgstr "Öppna"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1069
+msgid "Repository:"
+msgstr "Arkiv:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1118
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to open repository %s:"
+msgstr "Kunde inte öppna arkivet %s:"
+
+#: lib/about.tcl:26
+msgid "git-gui - a graphical user interface for Git."
+msgstr "git-gui - ett grafiskt användargränssnitt för Git."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:73
+msgid "File Viewer"
+msgstr "Filvisare"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:79
+msgid "Commit:"
+msgstr "Incheckning:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:280
+msgid "Copy Commit"
+msgstr "Kopiera incheckning"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:284
+msgid "Find Text..."
+msgstr "Sök text..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:288
+msgid "Goto Line..."
+msgstr "GÃ¥ till rad..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:297
+msgid "Do Full Copy Detection"
+msgstr "Gör full kopieringsigenkänning"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:301
+msgid "Show History Context"
+msgstr "Visa historiksammanhang"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:304
+msgid "Blame Parent Commit"
+msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:466
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reading %s..."
+msgstr "Läser %s..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:594
+msgid "Loading copy/move tracking annotations..."
+msgstr "Läser annoteringar för kopiering/flyttning..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:614
+msgid "lines annotated"
+msgstr "rader annoterade"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:806
+msgid "Loading original location annotations..."
+msgstr "Läser in annotering av originalplacering..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:809
+msgid "Annotation complete."
+msgstr "Annotering fullbordad."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:839
+msgid "Busy"
+msgstr "Upptagen"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:840
+msgid "Annotation process is already running."
+msgstr "Annoteringsprocess körs redan."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:879
+msgid "Running thorough copy detection..."
+msgstr "Kör grundlig kopieringsigenkänning..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:947
+msgid "Loading annotation..."
+msgstr "Läser in annotering..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1000
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Författare:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1004
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Incheckare:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1009
+msgid "Original File:"
+msgstr "Ursprunglig fil:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1057
+msgid "Cannot find HEAD commit:"
+msgstr "Hittar inte incheckning för HEAD:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1112
+msgid "Cannot find parent commit:"
+msgstr "Hittar inte föräldraincheckning:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1127
+msgid "Unable to display parent"
+msgstr "Kan inte visa förälder"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1269
+msgid "Originally By:"
+msgstr "Ursprungligen av:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1275
+msgid "In File:"
+msgstr "I filen:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1280
+msgid "Copied Or Moved Here By:"
+msgstr "Kopierad eller flyttad hit av:"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:31
 msgid "No keys found."
@@ -2382,7 +2222,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Misslyckades med att skapa."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:120
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Lyckades skapa nyckeln, men hittar inte någon nyckel."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:123
@@ -2390,189 +2230,480 @@ msgstr "Lyckades skapa nyckeln, men hittar inte någon nyckel."
 msgid "Your key is in: %s"
 msgstr "Din nyckel finns i: %s"
 
-#: lib/status_bar.tcl:86
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:23
+msgid "Create Branch"
+msgstr "Skapa gren"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:28
+msgid "Create New Branch"
+msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:42
+msgid "Branch Name"
+msgstr "Namn på gren"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:57
+msgid "Match Tracking Branch Name"
+msgstr "Använd namn på spårad gren"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:66
+msgid "Starting Revision"
+msgstr "Inledande revision"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:72
+msgid "Update Existing Branch:"
+msgstr "Uppdatera befintlig gren:"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:75
+msgid "No"
+msgstr "Nej"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:80
+msgid "Fast Forward Only"
+msgstr "Endast snabbspolning"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:97
+msgid "Checkout After Creation"
+msgstr "Checka ut när skapad"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:132
+msgid "Please select a tracking branch."
+msgstr "Välj en gren att spåra."
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:141
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "%s ... %*i of %*i %s (%3i%%)"
-msgstr "%s... %*i av %*i %s (%3i%%)"
+msgid "Tracking branch %s is not a branch in the remote repository."
+msgstr "Den spårade grenen %s är inte en gren i fjärrarkivet."
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:22
-msgid "Add Tool"
-msgstr "Lägg till verktyg"
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:21 lib/shortcut.tcl:62
+msgid "Cannot write shortcut:"
+msgstr "Kan inte skriva genväg:"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:28
-msgid "Add New Tool Command"
-msgstr "Lägg till nytt verktygskommando"
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:137
+msgid "Cannot write icon:"
+msgstr "Kan inte skriva ikon:"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:34
-msgid "Add globally"
-msgstr "Lägg till globalt"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:52
+msgid "This Detached Checkout"
+msgstr "Denna frånkopplade utcheckning"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:46
-msgid "Tool Details"
-msgstr "Detaljer för verktyg"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:60
+msgid "Revision Expression:"
+msgstr "Revisionsuttryck:"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:49
-msgid "Use '/' separators to create a submenu tree:"
-msgstr "Använd \"/\"-avdelare för att skapa ett undermenyträd:"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:72
+msgid "Local Branch"
+msgstr "Lokal gren"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:60
-msgid "Command:"
-msgstr "Kommando:"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:77
+msgid "Tracking Branch"
+msgstr "Spårande gren"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:71
-msgid "Show a dialog before running"
-msgstr "Visa dialog innan programmet startas"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:82 lib/choose_rev.tcl:544
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Tagg"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:77
-msgid "Ask the user to select a revision (sets $REVISION)"
-msgstr "Be användaren välja en version (sätter $REVISION)"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:321
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid revision: %s"
+msgstr "Ogiltig revision: %s"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:82
-msgid "Ask the user for additional arguments (sets $ARGS)"
-msgstr "Be användaren om ytterligare parametrar (sätter $ARGS)"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:342
+msgid "No revision selected."
+msgstr "Ingen revision vald."
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:89
-msgid "Don't show the command output window"
-msgstr "Visa inte kommandots utdatafönster"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:350
+msgid "Revision expression is empty."
+msgstr "Revisionsuttrycket är tomt."
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:94
-msgid "Run only if a diff is selected ($FILENAME not empty)"
-msgstr "Kör endast om en diff har markerats ($FILENAME är inte tomt)"
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:537
+msgid "Updated"
+msgstr "Uppdaterad"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:118
-msgid "Please supply a name for the tool."
-msgstr "Ange ett namn för verktyget."
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:565
+msgid "URL"
+msgstr "Webbadress"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:126
+#: lib/commit.tcl:9
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to amend.\n"
+"\n"
+"You are about to create the initial commit.  There is no commit before this "
+"to amend.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Det finns ingenting att utöka.\n"
+"\n"
+"Du håller på att skapa den inledande incheckningen. Det finns ingen tidigare "
+"incheckning att utöka.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:18
+msgid ""
+"Cannot amend while merging.\n"
+"\n"
+"You are currently in the middle of a merge that has not been fully "
+"completed.  You cannot amend the prior commit unless you first abort the "
+"current merge activity.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte utöka vid sammanslagning.\n"
+"\n"
+"Du är i mitten av en sammanslagning som inte är fullbordad. Du kan inte "
+"utöka tidigare incheckningar om du inte först avbryter den pågående "
+"sammanslagningen.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:48
+msgid "Error loading commit data for amend:"
+msgstr "Fel vid inläsning av incheckningsdata för utökning:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:75
+msgid "Unable to obtain your identity:"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta din identitet:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:80
+msgid "Invalid GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:"
+msgstr "Felaktig GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:129
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Tool '%s' already exists."
-msgstr "Verktyget \"%s\" finns redan."
+msgid "warning: Tcl does not support encoding '%s'."
+msgstr "varning: Tcl stöder inte teckenkodningen \"%s\"."
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:148
+#: lib/commit.tcl:149
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before another commit can be created.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Det senaste inlästa tillståndet motsvarar inte tillståndet i arkivet.\n"
+"\n"
+"Ett annat Git-program har ändrat arkivet sedan senaste avsökningen. Du måste "
+"utföra en ny sökning innan du kan göra en ny incheckning.\n"
+"\n"
+"Sökningen kommer att startas automatiskt nu.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:173
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
-"Could not add tool:\n"
-"%s"
+"Unmerged files cannot be committed.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s has merge conflicts.  You must resolve them and stage the file "
+"before committing.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Kunde inte lägga till verktyget:\n"
-"%s"
+"Osammanslagna filer kan inte checkas in.\n"
+"\n"
+"Filen %s har sammanslagningskonflikter. Du måste lösa dem och köa filen "
+"innan du checkar in den.\n"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:187
-msgid "Remove Tool"
-msgstr "Ta bort verktyg"
+#: lib/commit.tcl:181
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Unknown file state %s detected.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s cannot be committed by this program.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Okänd filstatus %s upptäckt.\n"
+"\n"
+"Filen %s kan inte checkas in av programmet.\n"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:193
-msgid "Remove Tool Commands"
-msgstr "Ta bort verktygskommandon"
+#: lib/commit.tcl:189
+msgid ""
+"No changes to commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must stage at least 1 file before you can commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Inga ändringar att checka in.\n"
+"\n"
+"Du måste köa åtminstone en fil innan du kan checka in.\n"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:198
-msgid "Remove"
-msgstr "Ta bort"
+#: lib/commit.tcl:204
+msgid ""
+"Please supply a commit message.\n"
+"\n"
+"A good commit message has the following format:\n"
+"\n"
+"- First line: Describe in one sentence what you did.\n"
+"- Second line: Blank\n"
+"- Remaining lines: Describe why this change is good.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande.\n"
+"\n"
+"Ett bra incheckningsmeddelande har följande format:\n"
+"\n"
+"- Första raden: Beskriv i en mening vad du gjorde.\n"
+"- Andra raden: Tom\n"
+"- Följande rader: Beskriv varför det här är en bra ändring.\n"
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:231
-msgid "(Blue denotes repository-local tools)"
-msgstr "(Blått anger verktyg lokala för arkivet)"
+#: lib/commit.tcl:235
+msgid "Calling pre-commit hook..."
+msgstr "Anropar kroken före incheckning (pre-commit)..."
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:292
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Run Command: %s"
-msgstr "Kör kommandot: %s"
+#: lib/commit.tcl:250
+msgid "Commit declined by pre-commit hook."
+msgstr "Incheckningen avvisades av kroken före incheckning (pre-commit)."
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:306
-msgid "Arguments"
-msgstr "Argument"
+#: lib/commit.tcl:269
+msgid ""
+"You are about to commit on a detached head. This is a potentially dangerous "
+"thing to do because if you switch to another branch you will lose your "
+"changes and it can be difficult to retrieve them later from the reflog. You "
+"should probably cancel this commit and create a new branch to continue.\n"
+" \n"
+" Do you really want to proceed with your Commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Du är på väg att checka in på ett frånkopplat huvud. Det kan potentiellt "
+"vara farligt, eftersom du kommer förlora dina ändringar om du växlar till en "
+"annan gren och det kan vara svårt att hämta dem senare från ref-loggen. Du "
+"bör troligen avbryta incheckningen och skapa en ny gren för att fortsätta.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vill du verkligen fortsätta checka in?"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:290
+msgid "Calling commit-msg hook..."
+msgstr "Anropar kroken för incheckningsmeddelande (commit-msg)..."
 
-#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:341
-msgid "OK"
-msgstr "OK"
+#: lib/commit.tcl:305
+msgid "Commit declined by commit-msg hook."
+msgstr "Incheckning avvisad av kroken för incheckningsmeddelande (commit-msg)."
 
-#: lib/tools.tcl:75
+#: lib/commit.tcl:318
+msgid "Committing changes..."
+msgstr "Checkar in ändringar..."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:334
+msgid "write-tree failed:"
+msgstr "write-tree misslyckades:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:335 lib/commit.tcl:379 lib/commit.tcl:400
+msgid "Commit failed."
+msgstr "Incheckningen misslyckades."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:352
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Running %s requires a selected file."
-msgstr "För att starta %s måste du välja en fil."
+msgid "Commit %s appears to be corrupt"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s verkar vara trasig"
 
-#: lib/tools.tcl:90
+#: lib/commit.tcl:357
+msgid ""
+"No changes to commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"No files were modified by this commit and it was not a merge commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"A rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Inga ändringar att checka in.\n"
+"\n"
+"Inga filer ändrades av incheckningen och det var inte en sammanslagning.\n"
+"\n"
+"En sökning kommer att startas automatiskt nu.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:364
+msgid "No changes to commit."
+msgstr "Inga ändringar att checka in."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:378
+msgid "commit-tree failed:"
+msgstr "commit-tree misslyckades:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:399
+msgid "update-ref failed:"
+msgstr "update-ref misslyckades:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:492
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Are you sure you want to run %s?"
-msgstr "Är du säker på att du vill starta %s?"
+msgid "Created commit %s: %s"
+msgstr "Skapade incheckningen %s: %s"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:16
+msgid "Delete Branch"
+msgstr "Ta bort gren"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:21
+msgid "Delete Local Branch"
+msgstr "Ta bort lokal gren"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:39
+msgid "Local Branches"
+msgstr "Lokala grenar"
 
-#: lib/tools.tcl:110
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:51
+msgid "Delete Only If Merged Into"
+msgstr "Ta bara bort om sammanslagen med"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:103
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Tool: %s"
-msgstr "Verktyg: %s"
+msgid "The following branches are not completely merged into %s:"
+msgstr "Följande grenar är inte till fullo sammanslagna med %s:"
 
-#: lib/tools.tcl:111
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:141
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Running: %s"
-msgstr "Exekverar: %s"
+msgid ""
+"Failed to delete branches:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte ta bort grenar:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:6
+msgid "Unable to unlock the index."
+msgstr "Kunde inte låsa upp indexet."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:17
+msgid "Index Error"
+msgstr "Indexfel"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:19
+msgid ""
+"Updating the Git index failed.  A rescan will be automatically started to "
+"resynchronize git-gui."
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att uppdatera Gitindexet. En omsökning kommer att startas "
+"automatiskt för att synkronisera om git-gui."
 
-#: lib/tools.tcl:149
+#: lib/index.tcl:30
+msgid "Continue"
+msgstr "Fortsätt"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:33
+msgid "Unlock Index"
+msgstr "LÃ¥s upp index"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:298
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Tool completed successfully: %s"
-msgstr "Verktyget avslutades framgångsrikt: %s"
+msgid "Unstaging %s from commit"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s för incheckningskön"
 
-#: lib/tools.tcl:151
+#: lib/index.tcl:337
+msgid "Ready to commit."
+msgstr "Redo att checka in."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:350
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Tool failed: %s"
-msgstr "Verktyget misslyckades: %s"
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Lägger till %s"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:7
+#: lib/index.tcl:380
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Fetching new changes from %s"
-msgstr "Hämtar nya ändringar från %s"
+msgid "Stage %d untracked files?"
+msgstr "Köa %d ospårade filer?"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:18
+#: lib/index.tcl:428
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "remote prune %s"
-msgstr "fjärrborttagning %s"
+msgid "Revert changes in file %s?"
+msgstr "Återställ ändringarna i filen %s?"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:19
+#: lib/index.tcl:430
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from %s"
-msgstr "Tar bort spårande grenar som tagits bort från %s"
+msgid "Revert changes in these %i files?"
+msgstr "Återställ ändringarna i dessa %i filer?"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:26
+#: lib/index.tcl:438
+msgid "Any unstaged changes will be permanently lost by the revert."
+msgstr ""
+"Alla oköade ändringar kommer permanent gå förlorade vid återställningen."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:441
+msgid "Do Nothing"
+msgstr "Gör ingenting"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:459
+msgid "Reverting selected files"
+msgstr "Återställer valda filer"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:463
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Pushing changes to %s"
-msgstr "Sänder ändringar till %s"
+msgid "Reverting %s"
+msgstr "Återställer %s"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:64
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:443
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "Standard"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:448
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Mirroring to %s"
-msgstr "Speglar till %s"
+msgid "System (%s)"
+msgstr "Systemets (%s)"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:82
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:459 lib/encoding.tcl:465
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Annan"
+
+#: lib/date.tcl:25
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Pushing %s %s to %s"
-msgstr "Sänder %s %s till %s"
+msgid "Invalid date from Git: %s"
+msgstr "Ogiltigt datum från Git: %s"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:102
-msgid "Push Branches"
-msgstr "Sänd grenar"
+#: lib/database.tcl:42
+msgid "Number of loose objects"
+msgstr "Antal lösa objekt"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:117
-msgid "Source Branches"
-msgstr "Källgrenar"
+#: lib/database.tcl:43
+msgid "Disk space used by loose objects"
+msgstr "Diskutrymme använt av lösa objekt"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:131
-msgid "Destination Repository"
-msgstr "Destinationsarkiv"
+#: lib/database.tcl:44
+msgid "Number of packed objects"
+msgstr "Antal packade objekt"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:172
-msgid "Transfer Options"
-msgstr "Överföringsalternativ"
+#: lib/database.tcl:45
+msgid "Number of packs"
+msgstr "Antal paket"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:174
-msgid "Force overwrite existing branch (may discard changes)"
-msgstr "Tvinga överskrivning av befintlig gren (kan kasta bort ändringar)"
+#: lib/database.tcl:46
+msgid "Disk space used by packed objects"
+msgstr "Diskutrymme använt av packade objekt"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:178
-msgid "Use thin pack (for slow network connections)"
-msgstr "Använd tunt paket (för långsamma nätverksanslutningar)"
+#: lib/database.tcl:47
+msgid "Packed objects waiting for pruning"
+msgstr "Packade objekt som väntar på städning"
 
-#: lib/transport.tcl:182
-msgid "Include tags"
-msgstr "Ta med taggar"
+#: lib/database.tcl:48
+msgid "Garbage files"
+msgstr "Skräpfiler"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:72
+msgid "Compressing the object database"
+msgstr "Komprimerar objektdatabasen"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:83
+msgid "Verifying the object database with fsck-objects"
+msgstr "Verifierar objektdatabasen med fsck-objects"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:107
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"This repository currently has approximately %i loose objects.\n"
+"\n"
+"To maintain optimal performance it is strongly recommended that you compress "
+"the database.\n"
+"\n"
+"Compress the database now?"
+msgstr ""
+"Arkivet har för närvarande omkring %i lösa objekt.\n"
+"\n"
+"För att bibehålla optimal prestanda rekommenderas det å det bestämdaste att "
+"du komprimerar databasen.\n"
+"\n"
+"Komprimera databasen nu?"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:20 lib/error.tcl:116
+msgid "error"
+msgstr "fel"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:36
+msgid "warning"
+msgstr "varning"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:96
+msgid "You must correct the above errors before committing."
+msgstr "Du måste rätta till felen ovan innan du checkar in."
+
+#~ msgid "Displaying only %s of %s files."
+#~ msgstr "Visar endast %s av %s filer."
+
+#~ msgid "Case-Sensitive"
+#~ msgstr "Skilj på VERSALER/gemener"
 
 #~ msgid "Cannot use funny .git directory:"
 #~ msgstr "Kan inte använda underlig .git-katalog:"
diff --git a/git-gui/po/vi.po b/git-gui/po/vi.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d956b59a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/po/vi.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2690 @@
+# Vietnamese translation for GIT-GUI
+# Bản dịch Tiếng Việt dành cho gói Git-gui.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git-core package.
+# First translated by Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2014.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git-gui 0.19.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-06-26 13:42+0700\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-06-27 07:48+0700\n"
+"Last-Translator: Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Vietnamese <translation-team-vi@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
+"Language: vi\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+"X-Poedit-Language: Vietnamese\n"
+"X-Poedit-Country: VIET NAM\n"
+"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8\n"
+"X-Poedit-Basepath: ../\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:859
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid font specified in %s:"
+msgstr "Phông chữ không hợp lệ được đặc tả trong %s:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:912
+msgid "Main Font"
+msgstr "Phông chữ chính"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:913
+msgid "Diff/Console Font"
+msgstr "Phông chữ cho Bảng đi�u khiển hay Diff"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:928 git-gui.sh:942 git-gui.sh:955 git-gui.sh:1045
+#: git-gui.sh:1064 git-gui.sh:3119
+msgid "git-gui: fatal error"
+msgstr "git-gui: lỗi nghiêm tr�ng"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:929
+msgid "Cannot find git in PATH."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy git trong biến PATH."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:956
+msgid "Cannot parse Git version string:"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích chuỗi phiên bản Git:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:981
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Git version cannot be determined.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s claims it is version '%s'.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s requires at least Git 1.5.0 or later.\n"
+"\n"
+"Assume '%s' is version 1.5.0?\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể nhận ra phiên bản của Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s nói đây là phiên bản '%s'.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s yêu cầu Git phiên bản từ 1.5.0 hay mới hơn.\n"
+"\n"
+"C�i '%s' có phiên bản là 1.5.0?\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1278
+msgid "Git directory not found:"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy thư mục git:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1312
+msgid "Cannot move to top of working directory:"
+msgstr "Không thể di chuyển đến đỉnh của thư mục làm việc:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1320
+msgid "Cannot use bare repository:"
+msgstr "Không thể dùng kho trần:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1328
+msgid "No working directory"
+msgstr "Không có thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1500 lib/checkout_op.tcl:306
+msgid "Refreshing file status..."
+msgstr "Cập nhật lại trạng thái tập tin..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1560
+msgid "Scanning for modified files ..."
+msgstr "�ang quét đĩa tìm tập tin thay đổi..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1636
+msgid "Calling prepare-commit-msg hook..."
+msgstr "�ang g�i móc prepare-commit-msg..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1653
+msgid "Commit declined by prepare-commit-msg hook."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao bị chối từ do móc prepare-commit-msg."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1811 lib/browser.tcl:252
+msgid "Ready."
+msgstr "Sẵn sàng."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1969
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Displaying only %s of %s files."
+msgstr "Chỉ hiển thị %s trong số %s tập tin."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2095
+msgid "Unmodified"
+msgstr "Không thay đổi gì"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2097
+msgid "Modified, not staged"
+msgstr "�ã sửa nhưng chưa đánh dấu để chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2098 git-gui.sh:2110
+msgid "Staged for commit"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu để chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2099 git-gui.sh:2111
+msgid "Portions staged for commit"
+msgstr "Các phần được đánh dấu là cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2100 git-gui.sh:2112
+msgid "Staged for commit, missing"
+msgstr "�ã đánh dấu là cần chuyển giao, thiếu"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2102
+msgid "File type changed, not staged"
+msgstr "�ã đổi kiểu tập tin nhưng chưa được đánh dấu cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2103 git-gui.sh:2104
+msgid "File type changed, old type staged for commit"
+msgstr "�ã đổi kiểu tập tin, kiểu cũ đã được đánh dấu cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2105
+msgid "File type changed, staged"
+msgstr "�ã đổi kiểu tập tin, đã được đánh dấu cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2106
+msgid "File type change staged, modification not staged"
+msgstr ""
+"Thay đổi kiểu tập tin đã được đánh dấu cần chuyển giao, nhưng các thay đổi "
+"thì chưa"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2107
+msgid "File type change staged, file missing"
+msgstr ""
+"Thay đổi kiểu tập tin đã được đánh dấu cần chuyển giao, tập tin bị thiếu"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2109
+msgid "Untracked, not staged"
+msgstr "Chưa được theo dõi, chưa đánh dấu là cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2114
+msgid "Missing"
+msgstr "Thiếu"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2115
+msgid "Staged for removal"
+msgstr "�ã đánh dấu là cần gỡ b�"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2116
+msgid "Staged for removal, still present"
+msgstr "�ã đánh dấu là cần gỡ b�, nhưng vẫn hiện diện"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2118 git-gui.sh:2119 git-gui.sh:2120 git-gui.sh:2121
+#: git-gui.sh:2122 git-gui.sh:2123
+msgid "Requires merge resolution"
+msgstr "Các yêu cầu phân giải hòa trộn"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2158
+msgid "Starting gitk... please wait..."
+msgstr "�ang khởi động gitk... vui lòng ch�..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2170
+msgid "Couldn't find gitk in PATH"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy gitk trong PATH"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2229
+msgid "Couldn't find git gui in PATH"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy git gui trong PATH"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2648 lib/choose_repository.tcl:40
+msgid "Repository"
+msgstr "Kho"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2649
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Chỉnh sửa"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2651 lib/choose_rev.tcl:567
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Nhánh"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2654 lib/choose_rev.tcl:554
+msgid "Commit@@noun"
+msgstr "Chuyển giao@@noun"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2657 lib/merge.tcl:123 lib/merge.tcl:152 lib/merge.tcl:170
+msgid "Merge"
+msgstr "Trá»™n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2658 lib/choose_rev.tcl:563
+msgid "Remote"
+msgstr "Máy chủ"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2661
+msgid "Tools"
+msgstr "Công cụ"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2670
+msgid "Explore Working Copy"
+msgstr "Quét dò thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2676
+msgid "Git Bash"
+msgstr "Git Bash"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2686
+msgid "Browse Current Branch's Files"
+msgstr "Duyệt các Tập tin ở nhánh hiện nay"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2690
+msgid "Browse Branch Files..."
+msgstr "Duyệt các tập tin nhánh..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2695
+msgid "Visualize Current Branch's History"
+msgstr "Hiển thị trực quan lịch sử nhánh hiện nay"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2699
+msgid "Visualize All Branch History"
+msgstr "Hiển thị trực quan lịch sử m�i nhánh"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2706
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Browse %s's Files"
+msgstr "Duyệt tập tin của %s..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2708
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Visualize %s's History"
+msgstr "Duyệt lịch sử của %s trực quan"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2713 lib/database.tcl:40 lib/database.tcl:66
+msgid "Database Statistics"
+msgstr "Thống kê cơ sở dữ liệu"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2716 lib/database.tcl:33
+msgid "Compress Database"
+msgstr "Nén cơ sở dữ liệu"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2719
+msgid "Verify Database"
+msgstr "Thẩm tra cơ sở dữ liệu"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2726 git-gui.sh:2730 git-gui.sh:2734 lib/shortcut.tcl:8
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:40 lib/shortcut.tcl:72
+msgid "Create Desktop Icon"
+msgstr "Tạo lối tắt ở màn hình n�n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2742 lib/choose_repository.tcl:192 lib/choose_repository.tcl:200
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Thoát"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2750
+msgid "Undo"
+msgstr "Hủy lệnh vừa rồi"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2753
+msgid "Redo"
+msgstr "Làm lại"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2757 git-gui.sh:3362
+msgid "Cut"
+msgstr "Cắt"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2760 git-gui.sh:3365 git-gui.sh:3439 git-gui.sh:3524
+#: lib/console.tcl:69
+msgid "Copy"
+msgstr "Chép"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2763 git-gui.sh:3368
+msgid "Paste"
+msgstr "Dán"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2766 git-gui.sh:3371 lib/branch_delete.tcl:28
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:39
+msgid "Delete"
+msgstr "Xóa b�"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2770 git-gui.sh:3375 git-gui.sh:3528 lib/console.tcl:71
+msgid "Select All"
+msgstr "Ch�n tất cả"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2779
+msgid "Create..."
+msgstr "Tạo..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2785
+msgid "Checkout..."
+msgstr "Lấy ra..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2791
+msgid "Rename..."
+msgstr "�ổi tên..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2796
+msgid "Delete..."
+msgstr "Xóa..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2801
+msgid "Reset..."
+msgstr "�ặt lại.."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2811
+msgid "Done"
+msgstr "Xong"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2813
+msgid "Commit@@verb"
+msgstr "Chuyển giao@@verb"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2822 git-gui.sh:3303
+msgid "New Commit"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao mới"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2830 git-gui.sh:3310
+msgid "Amend Last Commit"
+msgstr "Tu bổ lần chuyển giao cuối"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2840 git-gui.sh:3264 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:101
+msgid "Rescan"
+msgstr "Quét lại"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2846
+msgid "Stage To Commit"
+msgstr "�ưa lên bệ phóng để chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2852
+msgid "Stage Changed Files To Commit"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu các tập tin đã thay đổi cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2858
+msgid "Unstage From Commit"
+msgstr "�ưa ra kh�i bệ phóng để không chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2864 lib/index.tcl:442
+msgid "Revert Changes"
+msgstr "Hoàn nguyên các thay đổi"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2872 git-gui.sh:3575 git-gui.sh:3606
+msgid "Show Less Context"
+msgstr "Hiện ít nội dung hơn"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2876 git-gui.sh:3579 git-gui.sh:3610
+msgid "Show More Context"
+msgstr "Hiện chi tiết hơn"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2883 git-gui.sh:3277 git-gui.sh:3386
+msgid "Sign Off"
+msgstr "Ký tên"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2899
+msgid "Local Merge..."
+msgstr "Trá»™n ná»™i bá»™..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2904
+msgid "Abort Merge..."
+msgstr "Hủy b� hòa trộn..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2916 git-gui.sh:2944
+msgid "Add..."
+msgstr "Thêm..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2920
+msgid "Push..."
+msgstr "�ẩy lên..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2924
+msgid "Delete Branch..."
+msgstr "Xoá nhánh..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2934 git-gui.sh:3557
+msgid "Options..."
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2945
+msgid "Remove..."
+msgstr "Gỡ b�..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2954 lib/choose_repository.tcl:54
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Trợ giúp"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2958 git-gui.sh:2962 lib/about.tcl:14
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:48 lib/choose_repository.tcl:57
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "About %s"
+msgstr "Giới thiệu v� %s"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2986
+msgid "Online Documentation"
+msgstr "��c tài liệu trực tuyến"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2989 lib/choose_repository.tcl:51 lib/choose_repository.tcl:60
+msgid "Show SSH Key"
+msgstr "Hiện khoá SSH"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3008 git-gui.sh:3140
+msgid "Usage"
+msgstr "Cách dùng"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3089 lib/blame.tcl:573
+msgid "Error"
+msgstr "Lá»—i"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3120
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fatal: cannot stat path %s: No such file or directory"
+msgstr ""
+"lỗi nghiêm tr�ng: không thể lấy thông tin v� đư�ng dẫn %s: Không có tập tin "
+"hoặc thư mục như vậy"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3153
+msgid "Current Branch:"
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện hành:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3179
+msgid "Staged Changes (Will Commit)"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu các thay đổi (Sẽ chuyển giao)"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3199
+msgid "Unstaged Changes"
+msgstr "B� ra kh�i bệ phóng các thay đổi"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3270
+msgid "Stage Changed"
+msgstr "�ặt lên bệ phóng các thay đổi"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3289 lib/transport.tcl:137 lib/transport.tcl:229
+msgid "Push"
+msgstr "�ẩy lên"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3324
+msgid "Initial Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Phần chú thích cho lần chuyển giao khởi tạo:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3325
+msgid "Amended Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Phần chú giải cho lần chuyển giao tu bổ:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3326
+msgid "Amended Initial Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Phần chú giải cho lần chuyển giao tu bổ lần khởi tạo:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3327
+msgid "Amended Merge Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Phần chú giải cho lần chuyển giao tu bổ lần hòa trộn"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3328
+msgid "Merge Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Ghi chú của lần chuyển giao hòa trộn:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3329
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Chú thích của lần chuyển giao:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3378 git-gui.sh:3532 lib/console.tcl:73
+msgid "Copy All"
+msgstr "Chép tất cả"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3402 lib/blame.tcl:105
+msgid "File:"
+msgstr "Tập tin:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3520
+msgid "Refresh"
+msgstr "Làm tươi lại"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3541
+msgid "Decrease Font Size"
+msgstr "Giảm kích cỡ phông"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3545
+msgid "Increase Font Size"
+msgstr "Tăng kích cỡ phông"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3553 lib/blame.tcl:294
+msgid "Encoding"
+msgstr "Bảng mã"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3564
+msgid "Apply/Reverse Hunk"
+msgstr "�p dụng hay đảo ngược cả khối"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3569
+msgid "Apply/Reverse Line"
+msgstr "�p dụng hay đảo ngược dòng"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3588
+msgid "Run Merge Tool"
+msgstr "Chạy công cụ hòa trộn"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3593
+msgid "Use Remote Version"
+msgstr "Dùng phiên bản ở máy chủ"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3597
+msgid "Use Local Version"
+msgstr "Dùng phiên bản ở máy nội bộ"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3601
+msgid "Revert To Base"
+msgstr "Trở lại cơ bản"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3619
+msgid "Visualize These Changes In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Hiển thị trực quan các thay đổi trong mô-đun con"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3623
+msgid "Visualize Current Branch History In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Hiển thị trực quan lịch sử nhánh hiện tại trong mô-đun con"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3627
+msgid "Visualize All Branch History In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Hiển thị trực quan lịch sử m�i nhánh trong mô-đun con"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3632
+msgid "Start git gui In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Khởi chạy git gui trong mô-đun-con"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3667
+msgid "Unstage Hunk From Commit"
+msgstr "B� đánh dấu đoạn cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3669
+msgid "Unstage Lines From Commit"
+msgstr "B� đánh dấu các dòng cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3671
+msgid "Unstage Line From Commit"
+msgstr "B� đánh dấu dòng cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3674
+msgid "Stage Hunk For Commit"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu đoạn cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3676
+msgid "Stage Lines For Commit"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu các dòng cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3678
+msgid "Stage Line For Commit"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu dòng cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3703
+msgid "Initializing..."
+msgstr "�ang khởi tạo..."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3846
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Possible environment issues exist.\n"
+"\n"
+"The following environment variables are probably\n"
+"going to be ignored by any Git subprocess run\n"
+"by %s:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Gần như chắc chắn là môi trư�ng tồn tại.\n"
+"\n"
+"Các biến môi trư�ng sau đây có lẽ sẽ bị b� qua bởi các tiến trình con git\n"
+"chạy bởi %s:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3875
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"This is due to a known issue with the\n"
+"Tcl binary distributed by Cygwin."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Cái này có nguyên nhân bởi một lỗi phát ra từ\n"
+"Tcl phân phối bởi Cygwin."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3880
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"\n"
+"A good replacement for %s\n"
+"is placing values for the user.name and\n"
+"user.email settings into your personal\n"
+"~/.gitconfig file.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\n"
+"Thay thế tốt cho %s\n"
+"là thay thế các giá trị cài đặt cho user.name và\n"
+"user.email thành tập tin cá nhân của bạn\n"
+"~/.gitconfig.\n"
+
+#: lib/about.tcl:26
+msgid "git-gui - a graphical user interface for Git."
+msgstr "git-gui - công cụ đồ h�a dành cho Git."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:73
+msgid "File Viewer"
+msgstr "Bộ Xem Tập Tin"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:79
+msgid "Commit:"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:280
+msgid "Copy Commit"
+msgstr "Chép lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:284
+msgid "Find Text..."
+msgstr "Tìm chữ..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:288
+msgid "Goto Line..."
+msgstr "Nhảy đến dòng..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:297
+msgid "Do Full Copy Detection"
+msgstr "Thực hiện dò tìm chép toàn bộ"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:301
+msgid "Show History Context"
+msgstr "Hiển thị nội dung của lịch sử"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:304
+msgid "Blame Parent Commit"
+msgstr "Xem công trạng của lần chuyển giao cha mẹ"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:466
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reading %s..."
+msgstr "�ang đ�c %s..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:594
+msgid "Loading copy/move tracking annotations..."
+msgstr "�ang tải phần chú giải theo dõi chép/chuyển..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:614
+msgid "lines annotated"
+msgstr "dòng chú giải"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:806
+msgid "Loading original location annotations..."
+msgstr "�ang tải các chú giải vị trí nguyên gốc..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:809
+msgid "Annotation complete."
+msgstr "Chú giải hoàn tất."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:839
+msgid "Busy"
+msgstr "Bận"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:840
+msgid "Annotation process is already running."
+msgstr "Tiến trình chú giải đang diễn ra."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:879
+msgid "Running thorough copy detection..."
+msgstr "�ang chạy dò tìm sao chép toàn diện..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:947
+msgid "Loading annotation..."
+msgstr "�ang tải phần chú giải..."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1000
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Tác giả:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1004
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Ngư�i chuyển giao:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1009
+msgid "Original File:"
+msgstr "Tập tin gốc:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1057
+msgid "Cannot find HEAD commit:"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy HEAD của lần chuyển giao:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1112
+msgid "Cannot find parent commit:"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy lần chuyển giao mẹ:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1127
+msgid "Unable to display parent"
+msgstr "Không thể hiển thị cha mẹ"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1128 lib/diff.tcl:341
+msgid "Error loading diff:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tải diff:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1269
+msgid "Originally By:"
+msgstr "Nguyên gốc bởi:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1275
+msgid "In File:"
+msgstr "Trong tập tin:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1280
+msgid "Copied Or Moved Here By:"
+msgstr "�ã chép hoặc Di chuyển đến đây bởi:"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:16 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:21
+msgid "Checkout Branch"
+msgstr "Lấy ra nhánh"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:26
+msgid "Checkout"
+msgstr "Lấy ra"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:30 lib/branch_create.tcl:37
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:34 lib/branch_rename.tcl:32 lib/browser.tcl:292
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:579 lib/choose_font.tcl:45 lib/merge.tcl:174
+#: lib/option.tcl:127 lib/remote_add.tcl:34 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:43
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:202 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:345
+#: lib/transport.tcl:141
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Thôi"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:35 lib/browser.tcl:297 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:321
+msgid "Revision"
+msgstr "�iểm sửa đổi"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:39 lib/branch_create.tcl:69 lib/option.tcl:309
+msgid "Options"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:42 lib/branch_create.tcl:92
+msgid "Fetch Tracking Branch"
+msgstr "Lấy v� nhánh được theo dõi"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:47
+msgid "Detach From Local Branch"
+msgstr "Tách r�i từ Nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:23
+msgid "Create Branch"
+msgstr "Tạo nhánh"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:28
+msgid "Create New Branch"
+msgstr "Tạo nhánh mới"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:33 lib/choose_repository.tcl:391
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Tạo"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:42
+msgid "Branch Name"
+msgstr "Tên nhánh"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:44 lib/remote_add.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:51
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Tên:"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:57
+msgid "Match Tracking Branch Name"
+msgstr "Khớp với tên nhánh được theo dõi"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:66
+msgid "Starting Revision"
+msgstr "�iểm đầu"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:72
+msgid "Update Existing Branch:"
+msgstr "Cập nhật nhánh sẵn có:"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:75
+msgid "No"
+msgstr "Không"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:80
+msgid "Fast Forward Only"
+msgstr "Chỉ fast-forward"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:85 lib/checkout_op.tcl:571
+msgid "Reset"
+msgstr "�ặt lại"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:97
+msgid "Checkout After Creation"
+msgstr "Lấy ra sau khi tạo"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:132
+msgid "Please select a tracking branch."
+msgstr "Vui lòng ch�n nhánh theo dõi."
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:141
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tracking branch %s is not a branch in the remote repository."
+msgstr "Nhánh theo dõi %s không phải là một nhánh trên kho chứa máy chủ."
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:154 lib/branch_rename.tcl:92
+msgid "Please supply a branch name."
+msgstr "Hãy cung cấp tên nhánh."
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:165 lib/branch_rename.tcl:112
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' không phải là một tên nhánh được chấp nhận."
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:16
+msgid "Delete Branch"
+msgstr "Xoá nhánh"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:21
+msgid "Delete Local Branch"
+msgstr "Xóa nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:39
+msgid "Local Branches"
+msgstr "Nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:51
+msgid "Delete Only If Merged Into"
+msgstr "Chỉ xóa nếu đã hòa trộn vào"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:53 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:120
+msgid "Always (Do not perform merge checks)"
+msgstr "Luôn (Không thực hiện kiểm tra hòa trộn)"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:103
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "The following branches are not completely merged into %s:"
+msgstr "Các nhánh sau đây không được hòa trộn hoàn toàn vào %s:"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:115 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:218
+msgid ""
+"Recovering deleted branches is difficult.\n"
+"\n"
+"Delete the selected branches?"
+msgstr ""
+"Khôi phục các nhánh đã bị xóa là việc khó khăn.\n"
+"\n"
+"Xóa nhánh đã ch�n chứ?"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:141
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to delete branches:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi xóa các nhánh:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:15 lib/branch_rename.tcl:23
+msgid "Rename Branch"
+msgstr "�ổi tên nhánh"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:28
+msgid "Rename"
+msgstr "�ổi tên"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:38
+msgid "Branch:"
+msgstr "Nhánh:"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:46
+msgid "New Name:"
+msgstr "Tên mới:"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:81
+msgid "Please select a branch to rename."
+msgstr "Hãy ch�n nhánh cần đổi tên."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:102 lib/checkout_op.tcl:202
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Nhánh '%s' đã có rồi."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:123
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to rename '%s'."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đổi tên '%s'."
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:17
+msgid "Starting..."
+msgstr "�ang khởi động..."
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:27
+msgid "File Browser"
+msgstr "Bộ duyệt tập tin"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:132 lib/browser.tcl:149
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Loading %s..."
+msgstr "�ang tải %s..."
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:193
+msgid "[Up To Parent]"
+msgstr "[Tới cha mẹ]"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:275 lib/browser.tcl:282
+msgid "Browse Branch Files"
+msgstr "Duyệt các tập tin nhánh"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:288 lib/choose_repository.tcl:406
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:493 lib/choose_repository.tcl:502
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1029
+msgid "Browse"
+msgstr "Tìm duyệt"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:85
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching %s from %s"
+msgstr "�ang lấy v� %s từ %s"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fatal: Cannot resolve %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi nghiêm tr�ng: Không thể phân giải %s"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:146 lib/console.tcl:81 lib/database.tcl:30
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:55
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "�óng"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:175
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' does not exist."
+msgstr "Chưa có nhánh '%s'"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:194
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to configure simplified git-pull for '%s'."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi cấu hình git-pull đơn giản dành cho '%s'."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:229
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Branch '%s' already exists.\n"
+"\n"
+"It cannot fast-forward to %s.\n"
+"A merge is required."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh '%s' đã sẵn có.\n"
+"\n"
+"Không thể fast-forward thành %s.\n"
+"Bạn cần phải hòa trộn."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:243
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merge strategy '%s' not supported."
+msgstr "Không hỗ trợ chiến lược hòa trộn '%s'."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:262
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to update '%s'."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi cập nhật '%s'."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:274
+msgid "Staging area (index) is already locked."
+msgstr "Vùng bệ phóng (chỉ mục) đã bị khóa rồi."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:289
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before the current branch can be changed.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Trạng thái quét không khớp với trạng thái kho.\n"
+"\n"
+"Có Git khác đã sửa kho này kể từ lần quét cuối. Cần quét lại trước khi thực "
+"hiện việc chuyển nhánh.\n"
+"\n"
+"Sẽ thực hiện việc quét lại ngay bây gi�i.\n"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:345
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Updating working directory to '%s'..."
+msgstr "Cập nhật thư mục làm việc thành '%s'..."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:346
+msgid "files checked out"
+msgstr "các tập tin cần lấy ra"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:376
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Aborted checkout of '%s' (file level merging is required)."
+msgstr "Hủy b� lấy ra '%s' (cần hòa trộn mức tập tin)."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:377
+msgid "File level merge required."
+msgstr "Cần mức hòa trộn tập tin."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:381
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Staying on branch '%s'."
+msgstr "�ang ở trên nhánh '%s'."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:452
+msgid ""
+"You are no longer on a local branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to be on a branch, create one now starting from 'This Detached "
+"Checkout'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện không còn ở nhánh nội bộ.\n"
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn muốn trên một nhánh, hãy tạo một cái từ '�ây là lấy ra tách r�i'."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:503 lib/checkout_op.tcl:507
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Checked out '%s'."
+msgstr "�ã lấy ra '%s'."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:535
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Resetting '%s' to '%s' will lose the following commits:"
+msgstr "�ặt lại '%s' thành '%s' sẽ làm mất những lần chuyển giao sau đây:"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:557
+msgid "Recovering lost commits may not be easy."
+msgstr "Lấy lại những lần chuyển giao đã mất là không dễ."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:562
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset '%s'?"
+msgstr "�ặt lại '%s'?"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:567 lib/merge.tcl:166 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:336
+msgid "Visualize"
+msgstr "Trá»±c quan"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:635
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to set current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"This working directory is only partially switched.  We successfully updated "
+"your files, but failed to update an internal Git file.\n"
+"\n"
+"This should not have occurred.  %s will now close and give up."
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi đặt nhánh hiện hành.\n"
+"\n"
+"Thư mục làm việc chỉ chuyển không hoàn toàn.  Chúng tôi cập nhật thành công "
+"các tập tin của bạn, nhưng lại gặp lỗi khi cập nhật một tập tin của Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"�i�u này đáng lẽ không thể xảy ra.  %s gi� sẽ đóng lại và đầu hàng."
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:41
+msgid "Select"
+msgstr "Ch�n"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:55
+msgid "Font Family"
+msgstr "H� phông chữ"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:76
+msgid "Font Size"
+msgstr "Cỡ phông chữ"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:93
+msgid "Font Example"
+msgstr "Phông chữ ví dụ"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:105
+msgid ""
+"This is example text.\n"
+"If you like this text, it can be your font."
+msgstr ""
+"�ây là chữ mẫu.\n"
+"Nếu bạn thích chữ như thế này thì ch�n phông chữ này."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:32
+msgid "Git Gui"
+msgstr "Git Gui"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:91 lib/choose_repository.tcl:396
+msgid "Create New Repository"
+msgstr "Tạo kho mới"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:97
+msgid "New..."
+msgstr "Má»›i..."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:104 lib/choose_repository.tcl:480
+msgid "Clone Existing Repository"
+msgstr "Nhân bản một kho sẵn có"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:115
+msgid "Clone..."
+msgstr "Nhân bản..."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:122 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1019
+msgid "Open Existing Repository"
+msgstr "Mở một kho đã có."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:128
+msgid "Open..."
+msgstr "Mở..."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:141
+msgid "Recent Repositories"
+msgstr "Các kho mới dùng"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:147
+msgid "Open Recent Repository:"
+msgstr "Mở kho mới dùng:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:315 lib/choose_repository.tcl:322
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:329
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to create repository %s:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo kho %s:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:401
+msgid "Directory:"
+msgstr "Thư mục:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:431 lib/choose_repository.tcl:552
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1053
+msgid "Git Repository"
+msgstr "Kho Git"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:456
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Directory %s already exists."
+msgstr "Thư mục %s đã sẵn có."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:460
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "File %s already exists."
+msgstr "Tập tin %s đã có sẵn."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:475
+msgid "Clone"
+msgstr "Nhân bản"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:488
+msgid "Source Location:"
+msgstr "Vị trí nguồn:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:497
+msgid "Target Directory:"
+msgstr "Thư mục đích:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:507
+msgid "Clone Type:"
+msgstr "Kiểu nhân bản:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:512
+msgid "Standard (Fast, Semi-Redundant, Hardlinks)"
+msgstr "Tiêu chuẩn (Nhanh, Semi-Redundant, Hardlinks)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:517
+msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
+msgstr "Sao chép toàn bộ (Chậm hơn, Redundant Backup)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:522
+msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
+msgstr "Chia sẻ (Nhanh nhất, Không nên dùng, No Backup)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:558 lib/choose_repository.tcl:605
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:751 lib/choose_repository.tcl:821
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1059 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1067
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Not a Git repository: %s"
+msgstr "Không phải là kho git: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:594
+msgid "Standard only available for local repository."
+msgstr "Tiêu chuẩn chỉ sẵn sàng với kho nội bộ."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:598
+msgid "Shared only available for local repository."
+msgstr "'Chia sẻ' chỉ sẵn sàng với kho nội bộ."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:619
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Location %s already exists."
+msgstr "Mi�n địa phương %s đã sẵn có."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:630
+msgid "Failed to configure origin"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi cấu hình bản gốc"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:642
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "�ang đếm số đối tượng"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:643
+msgid "buckets"
+msgstr "xô"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:667
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to copy objects/info/alternates: %s"
+msgstr "Không thể sao chép objects/info/alternates: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:703
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Nothing to clone from %s."
+msgstr "Không có gì để nhân bản từ %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:705 lib/choose_repository.tcl:919
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:931
+msgid "The 'master' branch has not been initialized."
+msgstr "Nhánh 'master' chưa được khởi tạo."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:718
+msgid "Hardlinks are unavailable.  Falling back to copying."
+msgstr "Liên kết cứng không sẵn sàng. Trở lại chế độ sao chép."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:730
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cloning from %s"
+msgstr "�ang nhân bản từ %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:761
+msgid "Copying objects"
+msgstr "�ang chép các đối tượng"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:762
+msgid "KiB"
+msgstr "KiB"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:786
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to copy object: %s"
+msgstr "Không thể chép đối tượng: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:796
+msgid "Linking objects"
+msgstr "�ang liên kết các đối tượng"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:797
+msgid "objects"
+msgstr "đối tượng"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:805
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to hardlink object: %s"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo liên kết cứng đối tượng: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:860
+msgid "Cannot fetch branches and objects.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể lấy các nhánh và đối tượng. Xem kết xuất từ bảng đi�u khiển để có "
+"thêm thông tin."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:871
+msgid "Cannot fetch tags.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể lấy v� các thẻ. Hãy xem kết xuất từ bảng đi�u khiển để có thêm "
+"thông tin chi tiết."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:895
+msgid "Cannot determine HEAD.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể dò tìm HEAD. Hãy xem kết xuất từ bảng đi�u khiển để có thêm thông "
+"tin chi tiết."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:904
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to cleanup %s"
+msgstr "Không thể d�n sạch %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:910
+msgid "Clone failed."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi nhân bản."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:917
+msgid "No default branch obtained."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy nhánh mặc định."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:928
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot resolve %s as a commit."
+msgstr "Không thể phân giải %s như là một lần chuyển giao."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:940
+msgid "Creating working directory"
+msgstr "�ang tạo thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:941 lib/index.tcl:70 lib/index.tcl:136
+#: lib/index.tcl:207
+msgid "files"
+msgstr "tập tin"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:970
+msgid "Initial file checkout failed."
+msgstr "Lấy ra tập tin khởi tạo gặp lỗi."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1014
+msgid "Open"
+msgstr "Mở"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1024
+msgid "Repository:"
+msgstr "Kho:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1073
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to open repository %s:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi mở kho %s:"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:52
+msgid "This Detached Checkout"
+msgstr "�ây là việc lấy ra bị tách r�i"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:60
+msgid "Revision Expression:"
+msgstr "Biểu thức điểm xét:"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:72
+msgid "Local Branch"
+msgstr "Nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:77
+msgid "Tracking Branch"
+msgstr "Nhánh Theo dõi"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:82 lib/choose_rev.tcl:544
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Thẻ"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:321
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid revision: %s"
+msgstr "�iểm xét duyệt không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:342
+msgid "No revision selected."
+msgstr "Chưa ch�n điểm xét duyệt."
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:350
+msgid "Revision expression is empty."
+msgstr "Biểu thức chính quy rỗng."
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:537
+msgid "Updated"
+msgstr "�ã cập nhật"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:565
+msgid "URL"
+msgstr "URL"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:9
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to amend.\n"
+"\n"
+"You are about to create the initial commit.  There is no commit before this "
+"to amend.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ở đây chẳng có gì để tu bổ cả.\n"
+"\n"
+"Bạn đang tạo lần chuyển giao khởi tạo. Ở đây không có lần chuyển giao trước "
+"nào để mà tu bổ.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:18
+msgid ""
+"Cannot amend while merging.\n"
+"\n"
+"You are currently in the middle of a merge that has not been fully "
+"completed.  You cannot amend the prior commit unless you first abort the "
+"current merge activity.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể tu bổ trong khi hòa trộn.\n"
+"\n"
+"Bạn hiện đang ở giữa quá trình hòa trôn, mà nó chưa hoàn tất. Bạn không thể "
+"tu bổ  lần chuyển giao ti�n nhiệm trừ phi bạn bãi b� lần hòa trộn hiện đang "
+"kích hoạt.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:48
+msgid "Error loading commit data for amend:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tải dữ liệu chuyển giao cho lệnh tu bổ:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:75
+msgid "Unable to obtain your identity:"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy được định danh của bạn:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:80
+msgid "Invalid GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:"
+msgstr "GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT không hợp lệ:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:129
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "warning: Tcl does not support encoding '%s'."
+msgstr "cảnh báo: Tcl không hỗ trợ bảng mã '%s'."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:149
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before another commit can be created.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Trạng thái quét không khớp với trạng thái kho.\n"
+"\n"
+"Có Git khác đã sửa kho này kể từ lần quét cuối. Cần quét lại trước khi thực "
+"hiện việc chuyển giao khác.\n"
+"\n"
+"Sẽ thực hiện việc quét lại ngay bây gi�i.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:173
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Unmerged files cannot be committed.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s has merge conflicts.  You must resolve them and stage the file "
+"before committing.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin chưa hòa trộn không thể được chuyển giao.\n"
+"\n"
+"Tập tin %s có xung đột hòa trộn. Bạn phải giải quyết chúng và đưa lên bệ "
+"phóng trước khi chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:181
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Unknown file state %s detected.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s cannot be committed by this program.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tìm thấy trạng thái tập tim không hiểu %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Tập tin %s không thể được chuyển giao bởi chương trình này.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:189
+msgid ""
+"No changes to commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must stage at least 1 file before you can commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không có thay đổi nào cần chuyển giao.\n"
+"\n"
+"Bạn phải đưa lên bệ phóng ít nhất là một tập tin trước khi có thể chuyển "
+"giao.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:204
+msgid ""
+"Please supply a commit message.\n"
+"\n"
+"A good commit message has the following format:\n"
+"\n"
+"- First line: Describe in one sentence what you did.\n"
+"- Second line: Blank\n"
+"- Remaining lines: Describe why this change is good.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy cung cấp l�i chú giải cho lần chuyển giao.\n"
+"\n"
+"L�i chú giải tốt nhất nên có định dạng sau:\n"
+"\n"
+"- Dòng đầu tiên: Mô tả những gì bạn đã làm.\n"
+"- Dòng thứ hai: �ể trống\n"
+"- Các dòng còn lại: Mô tả xem vì sao những thay đổi này là cần thiết.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:235
+msgid "Calling pre-commit hook..."
+msgstr "�ang g�i móc (hook) pre-commit..."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:250
+msgid "Commit declined by pre-commit hook."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao bị khước từ do móc pre-commit."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:269
+msgid ""
+"You are about to commit on a detached head. This is a potentially dangerous "
+"thing to do because if you switch to another branch you will lose your "
+"changes and it can be difficult to retrieve them later from the reflog. You "
+"should probably cancel this commit and create a new branch to continue.\n"
+" \n"
+" Do you really want to proceed with your Commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn thực hiện chuyển giao ở chỗ đã tách r�i kh�i các đầu. �i�u này là nguy "
+"hiểm bởi nếu bạn chuyển sang nhánh khác thì bạn sẽ mất những thay đổi này và "
+"việc lấy lại chúng từ reflog cũng khó khăn. Bạn gần như chắc chắn là nên hủy "
+"b� lần chuyển giao này và tạo một nhánh mới trước khi tiếp tục.\n"
+" \n"
+" Bạn có thực sự muốn tiếp tục chuyển giao?"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:290
+msgid "Calling commit-msg hook..."
+msgstr "�ang g�i móc commit-msg..."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:305
+msgid "Commit declined by commit-msg hook."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao bị khước từ do móc commit-msg."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:318
+msgid "Committing changes..."
+msgstr "Chuyển giao các thay đổi..."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:334
+msgid "write-tree failed:"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi write-tree:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:335 lib/commit.tcl:379 lib/commit.tcl:400
+msgid "Commit failed."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi chuyển giao."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:352
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s appears to be corrupt"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có vẻ đã hư h�ng"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:357
+msgid ""
+"No changes to commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"No files were modified by this commit and it was not a merge commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"A rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không có thay đổi nào để chuyển giao.\n"
+"\n"
+"Không có tập tin nào được sửa bởi lần chuyển giao này và nó không phải là "
+"lần chuyển giao hòa trộn.\n"
+"\n"
+"Sẽ thực hiện việc quét lại ngay bây gi�.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:364
+msgid "No changes to commit."
+msgstr "Không có thay đổi nào để chuyển giao."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:378
+msgid "commit-tree failed:"
+msgstr "commit-tree gặp lỗi:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:399
+msgid "update-ref failed:"
+msgstr "cập nhật tham chiếu thất bại:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:492
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Created commit %s: %s"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao đã tạo %s: %s"
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:59
+msgid "Working... please wait..."
+msgstr "�ang chạy.. vui lòng đợi..."
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:186
+msgid "Success"
+msgstr "Thành công"
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:200
+msgid "Error: Command Failed"
+msgstr "Lỗi: Câu lệnh gặp lỗi"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:42
+msgid "Number of loose objects"
+msgstr "Số lượng đối tượng bị mất"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:43
+msgid "Disk space used by loose objects"
+msgstr "Dung lượng đĩa được dùng bởi các đối tượng bị mất"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:44
+msgid "Number of packed objects"
+msgstr "Số lượng đối tượng được đóng gói"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:45
+msgid "Number of packs"
+msgstr "Số lượng gói"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:46
+msgid "Disk space used by packed objects"
+msgstr "Dung lượng đĩa được dùng bởi các đối tượng gói"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:47
+msgid "Packed objects waiting for pruning"
+msgstr "Các đối tượng gói ch� xén bớt"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:48
+msgid "Garbage files"
+msgstr "Các tập tin rác"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:72
+msgid "Compressing the object database"
+msgstr "Nén cơ sở dữ liệu đối tượng"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:83
+msgid "Verifying the object database with fsck-objects"
+msgstr "�ang kiểm tra cơ sở dữ liệu đối tượng bằng lệnh fsck"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:107
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"This repository currently has approximately %i loose objects.\n"
+"\n"
+"To maintain optimal performance it is strongly recommended that you compress "
+"the database.\n"
+"\n"
+"Compress the database now?"
+msgstr ""
+"Hiện kho này mất ước chừng khoảng %i đối tượng.\n"
+"\n"
+"�ể tối ưu hóa hiệu suất, khuyến nghị bạn nên nén cơ sở dữ liệu của mình "
+"lại.\n"
+"\n"
+"Nén cơ sở dữ liệu chứ?"
+
+#: lib/date.tcl:25
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid date from Git: %s"
+msgstr "Ngày tháng không hợp lệ từ Git: %s"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:64
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"No differences detected.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s has no changes.\n"
+"\n"
+"The modification date of this file was updated by another application, but "
+"the content within the file was not changed.\n"
+"\n"
+"A rescan will be automatically started to find other files which may have "
+"the same state."
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy khác biệt gì.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s không thay đổi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Th�i gian sửa đổi của tập tin này được cập nhật bởi ứng dụng khác, nhưng nội "
+"dung bên trong tập tin thì không thay đổi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Sẽ thực hiện quét lại một cách tự động để tìm các tập tin khác cái mà có thể "
+"có cùng tình trạng."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:104
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Loading diff of %s..."
+msgstr "�ang tải diff của %s..."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:125
+msgid ""
+"LOCAL: deleted\n"
+"REMOTE:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"NỘIBỘ: đã xoá\n"
+"M�YCHỦ:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:130
+msgid ""
+"REMOTE: deleted\n"
+"LOCAL:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"M�YCHỦ: đã xoá\n"
+"NỘIBỘ:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:137
+msgid "LOCAL:\n"
+msgstr "NỘI-BỘ:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:140
+msgid "REMOTE:\n"
+msgstr "M�Y-CHỦ:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:202 lib/diff.tcl:340
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to display %s"
+msgstr "Không thể hiển thị %s"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:203
+msgid "Error loading file:"
+msgstr "Lỗi khi tải tập tin:"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:210
+msgid "Git Repository (subproject)"
+msgstr "Kho Git (dự án con)"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:222
+msgid "* Binary file (not showing content)."
+msgstr "* Tập tin nhị phân (không hiển thị nội dung)."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:227
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"* Untracked file is %d bytes.\n"
+"* Showing only first %d bytes.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"* Tập tin chưa theo dõi là %d byte.\n"
+"* Chỉ hiển thị %d byte đầu .\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:233
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"* Untracked file clipped here by %s.\n"
+"* To see the entire file, use an external editor.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"* Tập tin chưa theo dõi được cắt tại đây bởi %s.\n"
+"* �ể xem toàn bộ tập tin, hãy dùng ứng dụng biên soạn bên ngoài.\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:560
+msgid "Failed to unstage selected hunk."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi b� ra kh�i bệ phóng khối đã ch�n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:567
+msgid "Failed to stage selected hunk."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đưa lên bệ phóng khối đã ch�n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:646
+msgid "Failed to unstage selected line."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi b� ra kh�i bệ phóng dòng đã ch�n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:654
+msgid "Failed to stage selected line."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đưa lên bệ phóng dòng đã ch�n"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:443
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "Mặc định"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:448
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "System (%s)"
+msgstr "Hệ thống (%s)"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:459 lib/encoding.tcl:465
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Khác"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:20 lib/error.tcl:116
+msgid "error"
+msgstr "lá»—i"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:36
+msgid "warning"
+msgstr "cảnh báo"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:96
+msgid "You must correct the above errors before committing."
+msgstr "Bạn phải sửa các lỗi trên trước khi chuyển giao."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:6
+msgid "Unable to unlock the index."
+msgstr "Không thể b� khóa bảng mục lục"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:17
+msgid "Index Error"
+msgstr "Lỗi mục lục"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:19
+msgid ""
+"Updating the Git index failed.  A rescan will be automatically started to "
+"resynchronize git-gui."
+msgstr ""
+"Cập nhật mục lục cho Git gặp lỗi. Việc quét lại sẽ tự động được khởi chạy để "
+"đồng hóa lại với git-gui."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:30
+msgid "Continue"
+msgstr "Tiếp tục"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:33
+msgid "Unlock Index"
+msgstr "B� khóa mục lục"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:298
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unstaging %s from commit"
+msgstr "B� %s ra kh�i việc chuyển giao"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:337
+msgid "Ready to commit."
+msgstr "�ã chuyển giao rồi."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:350
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "�ang thêm %s"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:380
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Stage %d untracked files?"
+msgstr "�ưa %d tập tin chưa theo dõi lên bệ phóng để chuyển giao?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:428
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revert changes in file %s?"
+msgstr "Hoàn nguyên các thay đổi trong tập tin %s?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:430
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revert changes in these %i files?"
+msgstr "Hoàn nguyên các thay đổi trong %i tập tin?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:438
+msgid "Any unstaged changes will be permanently lost by the revert."
+msgstr ""
+"M�i thay đổi chưa được đưa lên bệ phóng sẽ mất vĩnh viễn do lệnh revert."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:441
+msgid "Do Nothing"
+msgstr "Không làm gì"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:459
+msgid "Reverting selected files"
+msgstr "�ang hoàn nguyên các tập tin đã ch�n"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:463
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reverting %s"
+msgstr "�ang hoàn nguyên %s"
+
+#: lib/line.tcl:17
+msgid "Goto Line:"
+msgstr "Nhảy đến dòng:"
+
+#: lib/line.tcl:23
+msgid "Go"
+msgstr "Nhảy"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:13
+msgid ""
+"Cannot merge while amending.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must finish amending this commit before starting any type of merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể hòa trộn trong khi tu bổ.\n"
+"\n"
+"Bạn phải hoàn tất việc tu bổ lần chuyển giao trước khi bắt đầu bất kỳ kiểu "
+"hòa trộn nào.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:27
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before a merge can be performed.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Trạng thái quét không khớp với trạng thái kho.\n"
+"\n"
+"Có Git khác đã sửa kho này kể từ lần quét cuối. Cần quét lại trước khi thực "
+"hiện việc hòa trộn.\n"
+"\n"
+"Sẽ thực hiện việc quét lại ngay bây gi�i.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:45
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"You are in the middle of a conflicted merge.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s has merge conflicts.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must resolve them, stage the file, and commit to complete the current "
+"merge.  Only then can you begin another merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang ở giữa việc thay đổi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Tập tin %s đã bị sửa đổi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Bạn nên hoàn thiện lần chuyển giao hiện nay trước khi hòa trộn. Chỉ có thế "
+"bạn mới có thể bắt đầu hòa trộn cái .\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:55
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"You are in the middle of a change.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s is modified.\n"
+"\n"
+"You should complete the current commit before starting a merge.  Doing so "
+"will help you abort a failed merge, should the need arise.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang ở giữa việc thay đổi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Tập tin %s đã bị sửa đổi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Bạn nên hoàn thiện lần chuyển giao hiện nay trước khi hòa trộn.  Làm như vậy "
+"giúp bạn có thể loại b� việc lỗi trong hòa trộn.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:108
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s of %s"
+msgstr "%s trên %s"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:122
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merging %s and %s..."
+msgstr "�ang hòa trộn %s và %s..."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:133
+msgid "Merge completed successfully."
+msgstr "Hòa trộn đã thực hiện thành công."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:135
+msgid "Merge failed.  Conflict resolution is required."
+msgstr "Hòa trộn gặp lỗi. Cần giải quyết các xung đột trước."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:160
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merge Into %s"
+msgstr "Hòa trộn vào %s"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:179
+msgid "Revision To Merge"
+msgstr "�iểm cần hòa trộn"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:214
+msgid ""
+"Cannot abort while amending.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must finish amending this commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể hủy b� trong khi đang tu bổ.\n"
+"\n"
+"Bạn cần phải hoàn tất việc tu bổ lần chuyển giao này.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:224
+msgid ""
+"Abort merge?\n"
+"\n"
+"Aborting the current merge will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
+"\n"
+"Continue with aborting the current merge?"
+msgstr ""
+"Bãi b� hòa trộn?\n"
+"\n"
+"Bãi b� hòa trộn hiện nay sẽ làm *TẤT CẢ* các thay đổi chưa được chuyển giao "
+"bị mất.\n"
+"\n"
+"Tiếp tục bãi b� việc hòa trộn hiện tại?"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:230
+msgid ""
+"Reset changes?\n"
+"\n"
+"Resetting the changes will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
+"\n"
+"Continue with resetting the current changes?"
+msgstr ""
+"�ặt lại m�i thay đổi?\n"
+"\n"
+"Việc đặt lại các thay đổi sẽ làm *MỌI* thay đổi chưa chuyển giao biến mất.\n"
+"\n"
+"Vẫn tiếp tục đặt lại các thay đổi hiện tại?"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:241
+msgid "Aborting"
+msgstr "Bãi b�"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:241
+msgid "files reset"
+msgstr "đặt lại các tập tin"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:269
+msgid "Abort failed."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi bãi b�."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:271
+msgid "Abort completed.  Ready."
+msgstr "�ã bãi b� xong.  Sẵn sàng."
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:8
+msgid "Force resolution to the base version?"
+msgstr "Buộc phân giải thành nhánh cơ sở?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:9
+msgid "Force resolution to this branch?"
+msgstr "Buộc phân giải thành nhánh này?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:10
+msgid "Force resolution to the other branch?"
+msgstr "Buộc phân giải thành nhánh khác?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:14
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the diff shows only conflicting changes.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s will be overwritten.\n"
+"\n"
+"This operation can be undone only by restarting the merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Chú ý là diff chỉ hiển thị những thay đổi xung đột.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s sẽ bị ghi đè.\n"
+"\n"
+"Thao tác này chỉ có thể b� dở bằng cách khởi động lại việc hòa trộn."
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:45
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "File %s seems to have unresolved conflicts, still stage?"
+msgstr ""
+"Tập tin %s có vẻ chưa được giải quyết xung đột, vẫn đánh dấu là cần chuyển "
+"giao?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:60
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Adding resolution for %s"
+msgstr "�ang phân giải cho %s"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:141
+msgid "Cannot resolve deletion or link conflicts using a tool"
+msgstr "Không thể phân giải xung đột xóa hay liên kết dùng một công cụ"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:146
+msgid "Conflict file does not exist"
+msgstr "Tập tin xung đột không tồn tại"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:246
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Not a GUI merge tool: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không phải là một công cụ hòa trộn GUI: '%s'"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:275
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unsupported merge tool '%s'"
+msgstr "Không hỗ trợ công cụ trộn '%s'"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:310
+msgid "Merge tool is already running, terminate it?"
+msgstr "Công cụ hòa trộn đang chạy rồi, chấm dứt nó?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:330
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Error retrieving versions:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi truy lại phiên bản:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:350
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not start the merge tool:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể khởi chạy công cụ hòa trộn:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:354
+msgid "Running merge tool..."
+msgstr "�ang chạy công cụ trộn..."
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:382 lib/mergetool.tcl:390
+msgid "Merge tool failed."
+msgstr "Công cụ trộn gặp lỗi."
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:11
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid global encoding '%s'"
+msgstr "Bảng mã toàn cục không hợp lệ '%s'"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:19
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid repo encoding '%s'"
+msgstr "Bảng mã kho chứa không hợp lệ '%s'"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:119
+msgid "Restore Defaults"
+msgstr "Phục hồi thành mặc định"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:123
+msgid "Save"
+msgstr "Ghi lại"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s Repository"
+msgstr "%s kho"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:134
+msgid "Global (All Repositories)"
+msgstr "Toàn cục (M�i kho)"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:140
+msgid "User Name"
+msgstr "Tên ngư�i dùng"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:141
+msgid "Email Address"
+msgstr "�ịa chỉ thư điện tử"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:143
+msgid "Summarize Merge Commits"
+msgstr "Tổng hợp v� hòa trộn các lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:144
+msgid "Merge Verbosity"
+msgstr "Chi tiết việc hòa trộn"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:145
+msgid "Show Diffstat After Merge"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thống kê khác biệt sau hòa trộn"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:146
+msgid "Use Merge Tool"
+msgstr "Dùng Công cụ trộn"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:148
+msgid "Trust File Modification Timestamps"
+msgstr "Tin dấu vết th�i gian sửa đổi tập tin"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:149
+msgid "Prune Tracking Branches During Fetch"
+msgstr "Xén các nhánh theo dõi trong khi lấy v�"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:150
+msgid "Match Tracking Branches"
+msgstr "Khớp nhánh theo dõi"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:151
+msgid "Use Textconv For Diffs and Blames"
+msgstr "Dùng Textconv Cho Diffs và Blames"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:152
+msgid "Blame Copy Only On Changed Files"
+msgstr "Chỉ chép blame trên các tập tin thay đổi"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:153
+msgid "Maximum Length of Recent Repositories List"
+msgstr "Số lượng kho mới dùng tối đa được lưu trữ"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:154
+msgid "Minimum Letters To Blame Copy On"
+msgstr "Chữ tối thiểu để blame chép vào"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:155
+msgid "Blame History Context Radius (days)"
+msgstr "Bán kính ngữ cảnh lịch sử blame (ngày)"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:156
+msgid "Number of Diff Context Lines"
+msgstr "Số dòng nội dung Diff"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:157
+msgid "Additional Diff Parameters"
+msgstr "�ối số bổ xung cho Diff"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:158
+msgid "Commit Message Text Width"
+msgstr "Chi�u rộng của phần chú thích"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:159
+msgid "New Branch Name Template"
+msgstr "Mẫu tên nhánh mới"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:160
+msgid "Default File Contents Encoding"
+msgstr "Bảng mã dành cho nội dung tập tin mặc định"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:161
+msgid "Warn before committing to a detached head"
+msgstr "Cảnh báo trước khi chuyển giao một đầu bị tách r�i"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:162
+msgid "Staging of untracked files"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu những tập tin chưa được theo dõi là cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:163
+msgid "Show untracked files"
+msgstr "Hiện các tập tin chưa được theo dõi"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:209
+msgid "Change"
+msgstr "Thay đổi"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:253
+msgid "Spelling Dictionary:"
+msgstr "Từ điển chính tả:"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:283
+msgid "Change Font"
+msgstr "�ổi phông chữ"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:287
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Choose %s"
+msgstr "Ch�n %s"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:293
+msgid "pt."
+msgstr "pt."
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:307
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Cá nhân hóa"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:344
+msgid "Failed to completely save options:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi hoàn tất ghi lại các tùy ch�n:"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:20
+msgid "Add Remote"
+msgstr "Thêm máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:25
+msgid "Add New Remote"
+msgstr "Thêm máy chủ mới"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:30 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:37
+msgid "Add"
+msgstr "Thêm vào"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:39
+msgid "Remote Details"
+msgstr "Chi tiết v� máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:50
+msgid "Location:"
+msgstr "Vị trí:"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:60
+msgid "Further Action"
+msgstr "Hành động thêm"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:63
+msgid "Fetch Immediately"
+msgstr "Lấy v� ngay lập tức"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:69
+msgid "Initialize Remote Repository and Push"
+msgstr "Khởi tạo Kho máy chủ và đẩy dữ liệu lên"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:75
+msgid "Do Nothing Else Now"
+msgstr "Không làm gì cả"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:100
+msgid "Please supply a remote name."
+msgstr "Hãy cung cấp tên máy chủ."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:113
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable remote name."
+msgstr "'%s' không phải là tên máy chủ được chấp nhận."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:124
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to add remote '%s' of location '%s'."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm máy chủ '%s' của vị trí '%s'."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:132 lib/transport.tcl:6
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fetch %s"
+msgstr "lấy v� %s"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching the %s"
+msgstr "�ang lấy v� %s"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:156
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Do not know how to initialize repository at location '%s'."
+msgstr "Không hiểu làm thế nào để khởi tạo kho chứa tại vị trí '%s'."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:162 lib/transport.tcl:54 lib/transport.tcl:92
+#: lib/transport.tcl:110
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "push %s"
+msgstr "đẩy %s lên máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:163
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Setting up the %s (at %s)"
+msgstr "Cài đặt '%s' (tại %s)"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:29 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:34
+msgid "Delete Branch Remotely"
+msgstr "Xóa nhánh trên máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:48
+msgid "From Repository"
+msgstr "Từ Kho"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:51 lib/transport.tcl:165
+msgid "Remote:"
+msgstr "Máy chủ:"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:72 lib/transport.tcl:187
+msgid "Arbitrary Location:"
+msgstr "�ịa điểm tùy ý:"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:88
+msgid "Branches"
+msgstr "Nhánh"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:110
+msgid "Delete Only If"
+msgstr "Chỉ xoá Nếu"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:112
+msgid "Merged Into:"
+msgstr "�ã trộn vào:"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:153
+msgid "A branch is required for 'Merged Into'."
+msgstr "Cần một nhánh cho 'Hòa trộn vào'."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:185
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The following branches are not completely merged into %s:\n"
+"\n"
+" - %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các nhánh sau đây không được hòa trộn hoàn toàn vào %s:\n"
+"\n"
+" - %s"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:190
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"One or more of the merge tests failed because you have not fetched the "
+"necessary commits.  Try fetching from %s first."
+msgstr ""
+"Một hay nhi�u hơn kiểm tra hòa trộn không đạt bởi vì bạn đã không lấy v� "
+"những lần chuyển giao cần thiết. Hãy lấy v� từ %s trước đã."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:208
+msgid "Please select one or more branches to delete."
+msgstr "Xin hãy ch�n một hay nhi�u nhánh cần xóa."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:227
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Deleting branches from %s"
+msgstr "�ang xoá các nhánh từ %s"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:300
+msgid "No repository selected."
+msgstr "Chưa ch�n kho."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:305
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Scanning %s..."
+msgstr "�ang quét: %s..."
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:200
+msgid "Push to"
+msgstr "�ẩy lên"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:218
+msgid "Remove Remote"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� Máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:223
+msgid "Prune from"
+msgstr "Xén từ"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:228
+msgid "Fetch from"
+msgstr "Lấy v� từ"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:48
+msgid "Find:"
+msgstr "Tìm:"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:50
+msgid "Next"
+msgstr "Tiếp"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:51
+msgid "Prev"
+msgstr "TrÆ°á»›c"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:52
+msgid "RegExp"
+msgstr "BTCQ"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:54
+msgid "Case"
+msgstr "Hoa"
+
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:21 lib/shortcut.tcl:62
+msgid "Cannot write shortcut:"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lối tắt:"
+
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:137
+msgid "Cannot write icon:"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi biểu tượng:"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:57
+msgid "Unsupported spell checker"
+msgstr "Không hỗ trợ kiểm tra chính tả"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:65
+msgid "Spell checking is unavailable"
+msgstr "Kiểm tra chính tả không sẵn sàng"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:68
+msgid "Invalid spell checking configuration"
+msgstr "Cấu hình bộ soát chính tả không hợp lệ"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:70
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reverting dictionary to %s."
+msgstr "�ang hoàn nguyên từ điển thành %s."
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:73
+msgid "Spell checker silently failed on startup"
+msgstr "Phần kiểm tra chính tả đã gặp lỗi khi khởi động"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:80
+msgid "Unrecognized spell checker"
+msgstr "Không chấp nhận bộ kiểm tra chính tả"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:186
+msgid "No Suggestions"
+msgstr "Không có gợi ý"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:388
+msgid "Unexpected EOF from spell checker"
+msgstr "Gặp kết thúc bất ng� từ bộ kiểm tra chính tả"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:392
+msgid "Spell Checker Failed"
+msgstr "Kiểm tra chính tả không thành công"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:31
+msgid "No keys found."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy khóa nào."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:34
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Found a public key in: %s"
+msgstr "Tìm thấy khoá công khai trong: %s"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:40
+msgid "Generate Key"
+msgstr "Tạo khoá"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:58
+msgid "Copy To Clipboard"
+msgstr "Chép vào clipboard"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:72
+msgid "Your OpenSSH Public Key"
+msgstr "Khóa công OpenSSH của bạn"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:80
+msgid "Generating..."
+msgstr "�ang tạo..."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:86
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not start ssh-keygen:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chạy ssh-keygen:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:113
+msgid "Generation failed."
+msgstr "Việc tạo khoá đã thất bại."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:120
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
+msgstr "Việc tạo thành công nhưng lại không tìm thấy khóa."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:123
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Your key is in: %s"
+msgstr "Khóa của bạn trong: %s"
+
+#: lib/status_bar.tcl:87
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s ... %*i of %*i %s (%3i%%)"
+msgstr "%s ... %*i trong %*i %s (%3i%%)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:22
+msgid "Add Tool"
+msgstr "Thêm công cụ"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:28
+msgid "Add New Tool Command"
+msgstr "Thêm lệnh công cụ mới"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:34
+msgid "Add globally"
+msgstr "Thêm toàn cục"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:46
+msgid "Tool Details"
+msgstr "Chi tiết công cụ"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:49
+msgid "Use '/' separators to create a submenu tree:"
+msgstr "Dùng dấu ngăn cách '/' để tạo cây trình đơn con:"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:60
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Lệnh:"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:71
+msgid "Show a dialog before running"
+msgstr "Hiển thị hộp thoại trước khi chạy"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:77
+msgid "Ask the user to select a revision (sets $REVISION)"
+msgstr "H�i ngư�i dùng ch�n điểm xem xét (đặt biến $REVISION)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:82
+msgid "Ask the user for additional arguments (sets $ARGS)"
+msgstr "H�i ngư�i dùng các đối số bổ xung thêm (đặt biến $ARGS)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:89
+msgid "Don't show the command output window"
+msgstr "Không hiển thị cửa sổ kết xuất câu lệnh"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:94
+msgid "Run only if a diff is selected ($FILENAME not empty)"
+msgstr "Chỉ chạy nếu diff được ch�n (biến $FILENAME không rỗng)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:118
+msgid "Please supply a name for the tool."
+msgstr "Hãy cung cấp tên cho công cụ."
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:126
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Công cụ '%s' đã sẵn có."
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:148
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not add tool:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể thêm công cụ:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:187
+msgid "Remove Tool"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� công cụ"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:193
+msgid "Remove Tool Commands"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� công cụ lệnh"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:198
+msgid "Remove"
+msgstr "Gỡ b�"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:231
+msgid "(Blue denotes repository-local tools)"
+msgstr "(Các công cụ chỉ thị kho-nội-bộ xanh)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:292
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Run Command: %s"
+msgstr "Chạy lệnh: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:306
+msgid "Arguments"
+msgstr "�ối số"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:341
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "�ồng ý"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:75
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Running %s requires a selected file."
+msgstr "Chạy %s yêu cầu cần phải ch�n một tập tin."
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:91
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Are you sure you want to run %1$s on file \"%2$s\"?"
+msgstr "Bạn có chắc là muốn chạy %1$s trên tập tin \"%2$s\" không?"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:95
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Are you sure you want to run %s?"
+msgstr "Bạn có chắc là muốn chạy %s không?"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:116
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool: %s"
+msgstr "Công cụ: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:117
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Running: %s"
+msgstr "�ang chạy: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:155
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool completed successfully: %s"
+msgstr "Công cụ được biên dịch thành công: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:157
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool failed: %s"
+msgstr "Công cụ gặp lỗi: %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:7
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching new changes from %s"
+msgstr "Lấy các thay đổi mới từ %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:18
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "remote prune %s"
+msgstr "xén bớt trên máy chủ %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:19
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from %s"
+msgstr "Xén bớt các nhánh theo dõi bị xóa từ %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:25
+msgid "fetch all remotes"
+msgstr "lấy v� từ tất cả các máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:26
+msgid "Fetching new changes from all remotes"
+msgstr "�ang lấy các thay đổi mới từ m�i máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:40
+msgid "remote prune all remotes"
+msgstr "xén bớt m�i máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:41
+msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from all remotes"
+msgstr "Xén tỉa các nhánh đã theo dõi bị xóa từ m�i máy chủ"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:55
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pushing changes to %s"
+msgstr "�ang đẩy các nhánh lên %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:93
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Mirroring to %s"
+msgstr "Bản sao đến %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:111
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pushing %s %s to %s"
+msgstr "�ang (đẩy) %s %s lên %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:132
+msgid "Push Branches"
+msgstr "�ẩy lên các nhánh"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:147
+msgid "Source Branches"
+msgstr "Nhánh nguồn"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:162
+msgid "Destination Repository"
+msgstr "Kho chứa đích"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:205
+msgid "Transfer Options"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n truy�n"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:207
+msgid "Force overwrite existing branch (may discard changes)"
+msgstr "Ép buộc ghi đè nhánh sẵn có (có thể sẽ loại b� các thay đổi)"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:211
+msgid "Use thin pack (for slow network connections)"
+msgstr "Dùng gói m�ng (dành cho kết nối mạng chậm)"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:215
+msgid "Include tags"
+msgstr "Bao gồm các thẻ"
+
+#~ msgid "Case-Sensitive"
+#~ msgstr "Có phân biệt HOA/thư�ng"
diff --git a/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh
index b1845c5055..b1845c5055 100644..100755
--- a/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh
diff --git a/git-instaweb.sh b/git-instaweb.sh
index 01a1b05e6b..47e38f34c3 100755
--- a/git-instaweb.sh
+++ b/git-instaweb.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 PERL='@@PERL@@'
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git instaweb [options] (--start | --stop | --restart)
 --
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ start          start the web server
 restart        restart the web server
 "
 
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 . git-sh-setup
 
 fqgitdir="$GIT_DIR"
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ webrick_conf () {
 	# actual gitweb.cgi using a shell script to force it
   wrapper="$fqgitdir/gitweb/$httpd/wrapper.sh"
 	cat > "$wrapper" <<EOF
-#!/bin/sh
+#!@SHELL_PATH@
 # we use this shell script wrapper around the real gitweb.cgi since
 # there appears to be no other way to pass arbitrary environment variables
 # into the CGI process
@@ -344,7 +346,17 @@ PidFile "$fqgitdir/pid"
 Listen $bind$port
 EOF
 
-	for mod in mime dir env log_config
+	for mod in mpm_event mpm_prefork mpm_worker
+	do
+		if test -e $module_path/mod_${mod}.so
+		then
+			echo "LoadModule ${mod}_module " \
+			     "$module_path/mod_${mod}.so" >> "$conf"
+			# only one mpm module permitted
+			break
+		fi
+	done
+	for mod in mime dir env log_config authz_core
 	do
 		if test -e $module_path/mod_${mod}.so
 		then
@@ -581,7 +593,7 @@ EOF
 
 gitweb_conf() {
 	cat > "$fqgitdir/gitweb/gitweb_config.perl" <<EOF
-#!/usr/bin/perl
+#!@@PERL@@
 our \$projectroot = "$(dirname "$fqgitdir")";
 our \$git_temp = "$fqgitdir/gitweb/tmp";
 our \$projects_list = \$projectroot;
diff --git a/git-lost-found.sh b/git-lost-found.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 0b3e8c7a86..0000000000
--- a/git-lost-found.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-USAGE=''
-SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
-OPTIONS_SPEC=
-. git-sh-setup
-
-echo "WARNING: '$0' is deprecated in favor of 'git fsck --lost-found'" >&2
-
-if [ "$#" != "0" ]
-then
-    usage
-fi
-
-laf="$GIT_DIR/lost-found"
-rm -fr "$laf" && mkdir -p "$laf/commit" "$laf/other" || exit
-
-git fsck --full --no-reflogs |
-while read dangling type sha1
-do
-	case "$dangling" in
-	dangling)
-		if git rev-parse -q --verify "$sha1^0" >/dev/null
-		then
-			dir="$laf/commit"
-			git show-branch "$sha1"
-		else
-			dir="$laf/other"
-		fi
-		echo "$sha1" >"$dir/$sha1"
-		;;
-	esac
-done
diff --git a/git-merge-octopus.sh b/git-merge-octopus.sh
index 8643f74cb0..dc2fd1b5a4 100755
--- a/git-merge-octopus.sh
+++ b/git-merge-octopus.sh
@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ esac
 # MRC is the current "merge reference commit"
 # MRT is the current "merge result tree"
 
+if ! git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --
+then
+    echo "Error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge"
+    git diff-index --cached --name-only HEAD -- | sed -e 's/^/    /'
+    exit 2
+fi
 MRC=$(git rev-parse --verify -q $head)
 MRT=$(git write-tree)
 NON_FF_MERGE=0
diff --git a/git-merge-one-file.sh b/git-merge-one-file.sh
index f612cb847a..424b034e34 100755
--- a/git-merge-one-file.sh
+++ b/git-merge-one-file.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 USAGE='<orig blob> <our blob> <their blob> <path>'
 USAGE="$USAGE <orig mode> <our mode> <their mode>"
-LONG_USAGE="Usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
+LONG_USAGE="usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
 
 Blob ids and modes should be empty for missing files."
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 cd_to_toplevel
 require_work_tree
 
-if ! test "$#" -eq 7
+if test $# != 7
 then
 	echo "$LONG_USAGE"
 	exit 1
@@ -38,7 +38,16 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 # Deleted in both or deleted in one and unchanged in the other
 #
 "$1.." | "$1.$1" | "$1$1.")
-	if [ "$2" ]; then
+	if { test -z "$6" && test "$5" != "$7"; } ||
+	   { test -z "$7" && test "$5" != "$6"; }
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: File $4 deleted on one branch but had its" >&2
+		echo "ERROR: permissions changed on the other." >&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	if test -n "$2"
+	then
 		echo "Removing $4"
 	else
 		# read-tree checked that index matches HEAD already,
@@ -48,7 +57,8 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 		# we do not have it in the index, though.
 		exec git update-index --remove -- "$4"
 	fi
-	if test -f "$4"; then
+	if test -f "$4"
+	then
 		rm -f -- "$4" &&
 		rmdir -p "$(expr "z$4" : 'z\(.*\)/')" 2>/dev/null || :
 	fi &&
@@ -67,7 +77,7 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 	echo "Adding $4"
 	if test -f "$4"
 	then
-		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge."
+		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "$7" "$3" "$4" &&
@@ -78,9 +88,10 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 # Added in both, identically (check for same permissions).
 #
 ".$3$2")
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches,"
-		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7."
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches," >&2
+		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	echo "Adding $4"
@@ -95,44 +106,35 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 
 	case ",$6,$7," in
 	*,120000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	*,160000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	src2=`git-unpack-file $3`
+	src1=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+	src2=$(git-unpack-file $3)
 	case "$1" in
 	'')
 		echo "Added $4 in both, but differently."
-		# This extracts OUR file in $orig, and uses git apply to
-		# remove lines that are unique to ours.
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $2`
-		sz0=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-		@@DIFF@@ -u -La/$orig -Lb/$orig $orig $src2 | git apply --no-add
-		sz1=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-
-		# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
-		# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
-		expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >$orig
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391)
 		;;
 	*)
 		echo "Auto-merging $4"
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $1`
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $1)
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	# Be careful for funny filename such as "-L" in "$4", which
-	# would confuse "merge" greatly.
-	src1=`git-unpack-file $2`
 	git merge-file "$src1" "$orig" "$src2"
 	ret=$?
 	msg=
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
+	if test $ret != 0 || test -z "$1"
+	then
 		msg='content conflict'
+		ret=1
 	fi
 
 	# Create the working tree file, using "our tree" version from the
@@ -140,26 +142,26 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 	git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$4" && cat "$src1" >"$4" || exit 1
 	rm -f -- "$orig" "$src1" "$src2"
 
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		if [ -n "$msg" ]; then
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		if test -n "$msg"
+		then
 			msg="$msg, "
 		fi
 		msg="${msg}permissions conflict: $5->$6,$7"
 		ret=1
 	fi
-	if [ "$1" = '' ]; then
-		ret=1
-	fi
 
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4"
+	if test $ret != 0
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4" >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	exec git update-index -- "$4"
 	;;
 
 *)
-	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3"
+	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3" >&2
 	;;
 esac
 exit 1
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.sh b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
index ed630b208a..9abd00be21 100644
--- a/git-mergetool--lib.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,85 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# git-mergetool--lib is a library for common merge tool functions
+# git-mergetool--lib is a shell library for common merge tool functions
+
+: ${MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=$(git --exec-path)/mergetools}
+
+IFS='
+'
+
+mode_ok () {
+	if diff_mode
+	then
+		can_diff
+	elif merge_mode
+	then
+		can_merge
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+is_available () {
+	merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$1") &&
+	type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+list_config_tools () {
+	section=$1
+	line_prefix=${2:-}
+
+	git config --get-regexp $section'\..*\.cmd' |
+	while read -r key value
+	do
+		toolname=${key#$section.}
+		toolname=${toolname%.cmd}
+
+		printf "%s%s\n" "$line_prefix" "$toolname"
+	done
+}
+
+show_tool_names () {
+	condition=${1:-true} per_line_prefix=${2:-} preamble=${3:-}
+	not_found_msg=${4:-}
+	extra_content=${5:-}
+
+	shown_any=
+	( cd "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR" && ls ) | {
+		while read toolname
+		do
+			if setup_tool "$toolname" 2>/dev/null &&
+				(eval "$condition" "$toolname")
+			then
+				if test -n "$preamble"
+				then
+					printf "%s\n" "$preamble"
+					preamble=
+				fi
+				shown_any=yes
+				printf "%s%s\n" "$per_line_prefix" "$toolname"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$extra_content"
+		then
+			if test -n "$preamble"
+			then
+				# Note: no '\n' here since we don't want a
+				# blank line if there is no initial content.
+				printf "%s" "$preamble"
+				preamble=
+			fi
+			shown_any=yes
+			printf "\n%s\n" "$extra_content"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$preamble" && test -n "$not_found_msg"
+		then
+			printf "%s\n" "$not_found_msg"
+		fi
+
+		test -n "$shown_any"
+	}
+}
+
 diff_mode() {
 	test "$TOOL_MODE" = diff
 }
@@ -15,76 +95,105 @@ translate_merge_tool_path () {
 check_unchanged () {
 	if test "$MERGED" -nt "$BACKUP"
 	then
-		status=0
+		return 0
 	else
 		while true
 		do
 			echo "$MERGED seems unchanged."
-			printf "Was the merge successful? [y/n] "
+			printf "Was the merge successful [y/n]? "
 			read answer || return 1
 			case "$answer" in
-			y*|Y*) status=0; break ;;
-			n*|N*) status=1; break ;;
+			y*|Y*) return 0 ;;
+			n*|N*) return 1 ;;
 			esac
 		done
 	fi
 }
 
-valid_tool_config () {
-	if test -n "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	then
-		return 0
-	else
-		return 1
-	fi
+valid_tool () {
+	setup_tool "$1" && return 0
+	cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")
+	test -n "$cmd"
 }
 
-valid_tool () {
-	setup_tool "$1" || valid_tool_config "$1"
+setup_user_tool () {
+	merge_tool_cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$tool")
+	test -n "$merge_tool_cmd" || return 1
+
+	diff_cmd () {
+		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
+		trust_exit_code=$(git config --bool \
+			"mergetool.$1.trustExitCode" || echo false)
+		if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
+		then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+		fi
+	}
 }
 
 setup_tool () {
-	case "$1" in
-	vim*|gvim*)
-		tool=vim
-		;;
-	*)
-		tool="$1"
-		;;
-	esac
-	mergetools="$(git --exec-path)/mergetools"
+	tool="$1"
 
-	# Load the default definitions
-	. "$mergetools/defaults"
-	if ! test -f "$mergetools/$tool"
-	then
+	# Fallback definitions, to be overridden by tools.
+	can_merge () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	can_diff () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	diff_cmd () {
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
 		return 1
+	}
+
+	translate_merge_tool_path () {
+		echo "$1"
+	}
+
+	if ! test -f "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
+	then
+		setup_user_tool
+		return $?
 	fi
 
 	# Load the redefined functions
-	. "$mergetools/$tool"
+	. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
+	# Now let the user override the default command for the tool.  If
+	# they have not done so then this will return 1 which we ignore.
+	setup_user_tool
 
 	if merge_mode && ! can_merge
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can not be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	elif diff_mode && ! can_diff
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can only be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
 
 get_merge_tool_cmd () {
-	# Prints the custom command for a merge tool
 	merge_tool="$1"
 	if diff_mode
 	then
-		echo "$(git config difftool.$merge_tool.cmd ||
-			git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "difftool.$merge_tool.cmd" ||
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	else
-		echo "$(git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -95,23 +204,31 @@ run_merge_tool () {
 	GIT_PREFIX=${GIT_PREFIX:-.}
 	export GIT_PREFIX
 
-	merge_tool_path="$(get_merge_tool_path "$1")" || exit
+	merge_tool_path=$(get_merge_tool_path "$1") || exit
 	base_present="$2"
-	status=0
 
 	# Bring tool-specific functions into scope
-	setup_tool "$1"
+	setup_tool "$1" || return 1
 
 	if merge_mode
 	then
-		merge_cmd "$1"
+		run_merge_cmd "$1"
 	else
-		diff_cmd "$1"
+		run_diff_cmd "$1"
 	fi
-	return $status
 }
 
-guess_merge_tool () {
+# Run a either a configured or built-in diff tool
+run_diff_cmd () {
+	diff_cmd "$1"
+}
+
+# Run a either a configured or built-in merge tool
+run_merge_cmd () {
+	merge_cmd "$1"
+}
+
+list_merge_tool_candidates () {
 	if merge_mode
 	then
 		tools="tortoisemerge"
@@ -126,7 +243,8 @@ guess_merge_tool () {
 		else
 			tools="opendiff kdiff3 tkdiff xxdiff meld $tools"
 		fi
-		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse ecmerge p4merge araxis bc3"
+		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse diffmerge ecmerge"
+		tools="$tools p4merge araxis bc codecompare"
 	fi
 	case "${VISUAL:-$EDITOR}" in
 	*vim*)
@@ -136,20 +254,64 @@ guess_merge_tool () {
 		tools="$tools emerge vimdiff"
 		;;
 	esac
-	echo >&2 "merge tool candidates: $tools"
+}
+
+show_tool_help () {
+	tool_opt="'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool=<tool>'"
+
+	tab='	'
+	LF='
+'
+	any_shown=no
+
+	cmd_name=${TOOL_MODE}tool
+	config_tools=$({
+		diff_mode && list_config_tools difftool "$tab$tab"
+		list_config_tools mergetool "$tab$tab"
+	} | sort)
+	extra_content=
+	if test -n "$config_tools"
+	then
+		extra_content="${tab}user-defined:${LF}$config_tools"
+	fi
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"$tool_opt may be set to one of the following:" \
+		"No suitable tool for 'git $cmd_name --tool=<tool>' found." \
+		"$extra_content" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && ! is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"${LF}The following tools are valid, but not currently available:" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	if test "$any_shown" = yes
+	then
+		echo
+		echo "Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed"
+		echo "environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail."
+	fi
+	exit 0
+}
+
+guess_merge_tool () {
+	list_merge_tool_candidates
+	cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+	This message is displayed because '$TOOL_MODE.tool' is not configured.
+	See 'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool-help' or 'git help config' for more details.
+	'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool' will now attempt to use one of the following tools:
+	$tools
+	EOF
 
 	# Loop over each candidate and stop when a valid merge tool is found.
-	for i in $tools
+	IFS=' '
+	for tool in $tools
 	do
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$i")"
-		if type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
-		then
-			echo "$i"
-			return 0
-		fi
+		is_available "$tool" && echo "$tool" && return 0
 	done
 
-	echo >&2 "No known merge resolution program available."
+	echo >&2 "No known ${TOOL_MODE} tool is available."
 	return 1
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +350,7 @@ get_merge_tool_path () {
 	fi
 	if test -z "$merge_tool_path"
 	then
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")"
+		merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")
 	fi
 	if test -z "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$merge_tool")" &&
 		! type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
@@ -202,11 +364,36 @@ get_merge_tool_path () {
 
 get_merge_tool () {
 	# Check if a merge tool has been configured
-	merge_tool="$(get_configured_merge_tool)"
+	merge_tool=$(get_configured_merge_tool)
 	# Try to guess an appropriate merge tool if no tool has been set.
 	if test -z "$merge_tool"
 	then
-		merge_tool="$(guess_merge_tool)" || exit
+		merge_tool=$(guess_merge_tool) || exit
 	fi
 	echo "$merge_tool"
 }
+
+mergetool_find_win32_cmd () {
+	executable=$1
+	sub_directory=$2
+
+	# Use $executable if it exists in $PATH
+	if type -p "$executable" >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		printf '%s' "$executable"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	# Look for executable in the typical locations
+	for directory in $(env | grep -Ei '^PROGRAM(FILES(\(X86\))?|W6432)=' |
+		cut -d '=' -f 2- | sort -u)
+	do
+		if test -n "$directory" && test -x "$directory/$sub_directory/$executable"
+		then
+			printf '%s' "$directory/$sub_directory/$executable"
+			return
+		fi
+	done
+
+	printf '%s' "$executable"
+}
diff --git a/git-mergetool.sh b/git-mergetool.sh
index 085e213a12..bf862705d8 100755
--- a/git-mergetool.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool.sh
@@ -8,376 +8,475 @@
 # at the discretion of Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-USAGE='[--tool=tool] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [file to merge] ...'
+USAGE='[--tool=tool] [--tool-help] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [file to merge] ...'
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+NONGIT_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
 TOOL_MODE=merge
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-mergetool--lib
-require_work_tree
 
 # Returns true if the mode reflects a symlink
 is_symlink () {
-    test "$1" = 120000
+	test "$1" = 120000
 }
 
 is_submodule () {
-    test "$1" = 160000
+	test "$1" = 160000
 }
 
 local_present () {
-    test -n "$local_mode"
+	test -n "$local_mode"
 }
 
 remote_present () {
-    test -n "$remote_mode"
+	test -n "$remote_mode"
 }
 
 base_present () {
-    test -n "$base_mode"
+	test -n "$base_mode"
+}
+
+mergetool_tmpdir_init () {
+	if test "$(git config --bool mergetool.writeToTemp)" != true
+	then
+		MERGETOOL_TMPDIR=.
+		return 0
+	fi
+	if MERGETOOL_TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d -t "git-mergetool-XXXXXX" 2>/dev/null)
+	then
+		return 0
+	fi
+	die "error: mktemp is needed when 'mergetool.writeToTemp' is true"
 }
 
 cleanup_temp_files () {
-    if test "$1" = --save-backup ; then
-	rm -rf -- "$MERGED.orig"
-	test -e "$BACKUP" && mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
-	rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE"
-    else
-	rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$BACKUP"
-    fi
+	if test "$1" = --save-backup
+	then
+		rm -rf -- "$MERGED.orig"
+		test -e "$BACKUP" && mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
+		rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE"
+	else
+		rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$BACKUP"
+	fi
+	if test "$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR" != "."
+	then
+		rmdir "$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR"
+	fi
 }
 
 describe_file () {
-    mode="$1"
-    branch="$2"
-    file="$3"
-
-    printf "  {%s}: " "$branch"
-    if test -z "$mode"; then
-	echo "deleted"
-    elif is_symlink "$mode" ; then
-	echo "a symbolic link -> '$(cat "$file")'"
-    elif is_submodule "$mode" ; then
-	echo "submodule commit $file"
-    else
-	if base_present; then
-	    echo "modified file"
+	mode="$1"
+	branch="$2"
+	file="$3"
+
+	printf "  {%s}: " "$branch"
+	if test -z "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "deleted"
+	elif is_symlink "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "a symbolic link -> '$(cat "$file")'"
+	elif is_submodule "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "submodule commit $file"
+	elif base_present
+	then
+		echo "modified file"
 	else
-	    echo "created file"
+		echo "created file"
 	fi
-    fi
 }
 
-
 resolve_symlink_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [lL]*)
-		git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [rR]*)
-		git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[lL]*)
+			git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[rR]*)
+			git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 resolve_deleted_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	if base_present; then
-	    printf "Use (m)odified or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
-	else
-	    printf "Use (c)reated or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
-	fi
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [mMcC]*)
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [dD]*)
-		git rm -- "$MERGED" > /dev/null
-		cleanup_temp_files
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+	while true
+	do
+		if base_present
+		then
+			printf "Use (m)odified or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
+		else
+			printf "Use (c)reated or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
+		fi
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[mMcC]*)
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			if test "$merge_keep_backup" = "true"
+			then
+				cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			else
+				cleanup_temp_files
+			fi
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[dD]*)
+			git rm -- "$MERGED" > /dev/null
+			cleanup_temp_files
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			if test "$merge_keep_temporaries" = "false"
+			then
+				cleanup_temp_files
+			fi
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 resolve_submodule_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [lL]*)
-		if ! local_present; then
-		    if test -n "$(git ls-tree HEAD -- "$MERGED")"; then
-			# Local isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
-			git ls-tree --full-name -r HEAD -- "$MERGED" | git update-index --index-info || exit $?
-		    else
-			test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-			git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[lL]*)
+			if ! local_present
+			then
+				if test -n "$(git ls-tree HEAD -- "$MERGED")"
+				then
+					# Local isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
+					git ls-tree --full-name -r HEAD -- "$MERGED" |
+					git update-index --index-info || exit $?
+				else
+					test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+					git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+					cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+				fi
+			elif is_submodule "$local_mode"
+			then
+				stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$local_sha1"
+			else
+				git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
+				git add -- "$MERGED"
+			fi
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[rR]*)
+			if ! remote_present
+			then
+				if test -n "$(git ls-tree MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED")"
+				then
+					# Remote isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
+					git ls-tree --full-name -r MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED" |
+					git update-index --index-info || exit $?
+				else
+					test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+					git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+				fi
+			elif is_submodule "$remote_mode"
+			then
+				! is_submodule "$local_mode" &&
+				test -e "$MERGED" &&
+				mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+				stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$remote_sha1"
+			else
+				test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+				git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
+				git add -- "$MERGED"
+			fi
 			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		    fi
-		elif is_submodule "$local_mode"; then
-		    stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$local_sha1"
-		else
-		    git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
-		    git add -- "$MERGED"
-		fi
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [rR]*)
-		if ! remote_present; then
-		    if test -n "$(git ls-tree MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED")"; then
-			# Remote isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
-			git ls-tree --full-name -r MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED" | git update-index --index-info || exit $?
-		    else
-			test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-			git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
-		    fi
-		elif is_submodule "$remote_mode"; then
-		    ! is_submodule "$local_mode" && test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-		    stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$remote_sha1"
-		else
-		    test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-		    git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
-		    git add -- "$MERGED"
-		fi
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 stage_submodule () {
-    path="$1"
-    submodule_sha1="$2"
-    mkdir -p "$path" || die "fatal: unable to create directory for module at $path"
-    # Find $path relative to work tree
-    work_tree_root=$(cd_to_toplevel && pwd)
-    work_rel_path=$(cd "$path" && GIT_WORK_TREE="${work_tree_root}" git rev-parse --show-prefix)
-    test -n "$work_rel_path" || die "fatal: unable to get path of module $path relative to work tree"
-    git update-index --add --replace --cacheinfo 160000 "$submodule_sha1" "${work_rel_path%/}" || die
+	path="$1"
+	submodule_sha1="$2"
+	mkdir -p "$path" ||
+	die "fatal: unable to create directory for module at $path"
+	# Find $path relative to work tree
+	work_tree_root=$(cd_to_toplevel && pwd)
+	work_rel_path=$(cd "$path" &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="${work_tree_root}" git rev-parse --show-prefix
+	)
+	test -n "$work_rel_path" ||
+	die "fatal: unable to get path of module $path relative to work tree"
+	git update-index --add --replace --cacheinfo 160000 "$submodule_sha1" "${work_rel_path%/}" || die
 }
 
 checkout_staged_file () {
-    tmpfile=$(expr "$(git checkout-index --temp --stage="$1" "$2")" : '\([^	]*\)	')
+	tmpfile=$(expr \
+		"$(git checkout-index --temp --stage="$1" "$2" 2>/dev/null)" \
+		: '\([^	]*\)	')
 
-    if test $? -eq 0 -a -n "$tmpfile" ; then
-	mv -- "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)$tmpfile" "$3"
-    fi
+	if test $? -eq 0 && test -n "$tmpfile"
+	then
+		mv -- "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)$tmpfile" "$3"
+	else
+		>"$3"
+	fi
 }
 
 merge_file () {
-    MERGED="$1"
+	MERGED="$1"
+
+	f=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED")
+	if test -z "$f"
+	then
+		if test ! -f "$MERGED"
+		then
+			echo "$MERGED: file not found"
+		else
+			echo "$MERGED: file does not need merging"
+		fi
+		return 1
+	fi
 
-    f=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED")
-    if test -z "$f" ; then
-	if test ! -f "$MERGED" ; then
-	    echo "$MERGED: file not found"
+	if BASE=$(expr "$MERGED" : '\(.*\)\.[^/]*$')
+	then
+		ext=$(expr "$MERGED" : '.*\(\.[^/]*\)$')
 	else
-	    echo "$MERGED: file does not need merging"
+		BASE=$MERGED
+		ext=
+	fi
+
+	mergetool_tmpdir_init
+
+	if test "$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR" != "."
+	then
+		# If we're using a temporary directory then write to the
+		# top-level of that directory.
+		BASE=${BASE##*/}
+	fi
+
+	BACKUP="$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR/${BASE}_BACKUP_$$$ext"
+	LOCAL="$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR/${BASE}_LOCAL_$$$ext"
+	REMOTE="$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR/${BASE}_REMOTE_$$$ext"
+	BASE="$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR/${BASE}_BASE_$$$ext"
+
+	base_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==1) print $1;}')
+	local_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $1;}')
+	remote_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $1;}')
+
+	if is_submodule "$local_mode" || is_submodule "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Submodule merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		local_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $2;}')
+		remote_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $2;}')
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$local_sha1"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$remote_sha1"
+		resolve_submodule_merge
+		return
+	fi
+
+	if test -f "$MERGED"
+	then
+		mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+		cp -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
+	fi
+	# Create a parent directory to handle delete/delete conflicts
+	# where the base's directory no longer exists.
+	mkdir -p "$(dirname "$MERGED")"
+
+	checkout_staged_file 1 "$MERGED" "$BASE"
+	checkout_staged_file 2 "$MERGED" "$LOCAL"
+	checkout_staged_file 3 "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+
+	if test -z "$local_mode" || test -z "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Deleted merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+		resolve_deleted_merge
+		status=$?
+		rmdir -p "$(dirname "$MERGED")" 2>/dev/null
+		return $status
+	fi
+
+	if is_symlink "$local_mode" || is_symlink "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Symbolic link merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+		resolve_symlink_merge
+		return
 	fi
-	return 1
-    fi
-
-    ext="$$$(expr "$MERGED" : '.*\(\.[^/]*\)$')"
-    BACKUP="./$MERGED.BACKUP.$ext"
-    LOCAL="./$MERGED.LOCAL.$ext"
-    REMOTE="./$MERGED.REMOTE.$ext"
-    BASE="./$MERGED.BASE.$ext"
-
-    base_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==1) print $1;}')
-    local_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $1;}')
-    remote_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $1;}')
-
-    if is_submodule "$local_mode" || is_submodule "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Submodule merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-	local_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $2;}')
-	remote_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $2;}')
-	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$local_sha1"
-	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$remote_sha1"
-	resolve_submodule_merge
-	return
-    fi
-
-    mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-    cp -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
-
-    base_present   && checkout_staged_file 1 "$MERGED" "$BASE"
-    local_present  && checkout_staged_file 2 "$MERGED" "$LOCAL"
-    remote_present && checkout_staged_file 3 "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
-
-    if test -z "$local_mode" -o -z "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Deleted merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
-	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-	resolve_deleted_merge
-	return
-    fi
 
-    if is_symlink "$local_mode" || is_symlink "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Symbolic link merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+	echo "Normal merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
 	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
 	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-	resolve_symlink_merge
-	return
-    fi
-
-    echo "Normal merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-    describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
-    describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-    if "$prompt" = true; then
-	printf "Hit return to start merge resolution tool (%s): " "$merge_tool"
-	read ans || return 1
-    fi
-
-    if base_present; then
-	    present=true
-    else
-	    present=false
-    fi
-
-    if ! run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" "$present"; then
-	echo "merge of $MERGED failed" 1>&2
-	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
-
-	if test "$merge_keep_temporaries" = "false"; then
-	    cleanup_temp_files
+	if test "$guessed_merge_tool" = true || test "$prompt" = true
+	then
+		printf "Hit return to start merge resolution tool (%s): " "$merge_tool"
+		read ans || return 1
 	fi
 
-	return 1
-    fi
+	if base_present
+	then
+		present=true
+	else
+		present=false
+	fi
+
+	if ! run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" "$present"
+	then
+		echo "merge of $MERGED failed" 1>&2
+		mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
 
-    if test "$merge_keep_backup" = "true"; then
-	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
-    else
-	rm -- "$BACKUP"
-    fi
+		if test "$merge_keep_temporaries" = "false"
+		then
+			cleanup_temp_files
+		fi
 
-    git add -- "$MERGED"
-    cleanup_temp_files
-    return 0
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	if test "$merge_keep_backup" = "true"
+	then
+		mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
+	else
+		rm -- "$BACKUP"
+	fi
+
+	git add -- "$MERGED"
+	cleanup_temp_files
+	return 0
 }
 
-prompt=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt || echo true)
+prompt=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt)
+guessed_merge_tool=false
 
 while test $# != 0
 do
-    case "$1" in
+	case "$1" in
+	--tool-help=*)
+		TOOL_MODE=${1#--tool-help=}
+		show_tool_help
+		;;
+	--tool-help)
+		show_tool_help
+		;;
 	-t|--tool*)
-	    case "$#,$1" in
+		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-		    merge_tool=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
-		    ;;
+			merge_tool=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+			;;
 		1,*)
-		    usage ;;
+			usage ;;
 		*)
-		    merge_tool="$2"
-		    shift ;;
-	    esac
-	    ;;
+			merge_tool="$2"
+			shift ;;
+		esac
+		;;
 	-y|--no-prompt)
-	    prompt=false
-	    ;;
+		prompt=false
+		;;
 	--prompt)
-	    prompt=true
-	    ;;
+		prompt=true
+		;;
 	--)
-	    shift
-	    break
-	    ;;
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
 	-*)
-	    usage
-	    ;;
-	*)
-	    break
-	    ;;
-    esac
-    shift
-done
-
-prompt_after_failed_merge() {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Continue merging other unresolved paths (y/n) ? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-
-	    [yY]*)
-		return 0
+		usage
 		;;
-
-	    [nN]*)
-		return 1
+	*)
+		break
 		;;
 	esac
-    done
+	shift
+done
+
+prompt_after_failed_merge () {
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Continue merging other unresolved paths [y/n]? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[yY]*)
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[nN]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
 }
 
-if test -z "$merge_tool"; then
-    merge_tool=$(get_merge_tool "$merge_tool") || exit
+git_dir_init
+require_work_tree
+
+if test -z "$merge_tool"
+then
+	# Check if a merge tool has been configured
+	merge_tool=$(get_configured_merge_tool)
+	# Try to guess an appropriate merge tool if no tool has been set.
+	if test -z "$merge_tool"
+	then
+		merge_tool=$(guess_merge_tool) || exit
+		guessed_merge_tool=true
+	fi
 fi
 merge_keep_backup="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepBackup || echo true)"
 merge_keep_temporaries="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepTemporaries || echo false)"
 
-last_status=0
-rollup_status=0
 files=
 
-if test $# -eq 0 ; then
-    cd_to_toplevel
+if test $# -eq 0
+then
+	cd_to_toplevel
 
-    if test -e "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR"
-    then
-	files=$(git rerere remaining)
-    else
-	files=$(git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
-    fi
+	if test -e "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR"
+	then
+		files=$(git rerere remaining)
+	else
+		files=$(git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
+	fi
 else
-    files=$(git ls-files -u -- "$@" | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
+	files=$(git ls-files -u -- "$@" | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
 fi
 
-if test -z "$files" ; then
-    echo "No files need merging"
-    exit 0
+if test -z "$files"
+then
+	echo "No files need merging"
+	exit 0
 fi
 
 printf "Merging:\n"
-printf "$files\n"
+printf "%s\n" "$files"
 
-IFS='
-'
+rc=0
 for i in $files
 do
-    if test $last_status -ne 0; then
-	prompt_after_failed_merge || exit 1
-    fi
-    printf "\n"
-    merge_file "$i"
-    last_status=$?
-    if test $last_status -ne 0; then
-	rollup_status=1
-    fi
+	printf "\n"
+	if ! merge_file "$i"
+	then
+		rc=1
+		prompt_after_failed_merge || exit 1
+	fi
 done
 
-exit $rollup_status
+exit $rc
diff --git a/git-p4.py b/git-p4.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b6593cf9a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-p4.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3705 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# git-p4.py -- A tool for bidirectional operation between a Perforce depot and git.
+#
+# Author: Simon Hausmann <simon@lst.de>
+# Copyright: 2007 Simon Hausmann <simon@lst.de>
+#            2007 Trolltech ASA
+# License: MIT <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>
+#
+import sys
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+    # The limiter is the subprocess module
+    sys.stderr.write("git-p4: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+import os
+import optparse
+import marshal
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import time
+import platform
+import re
+import shutil
+import stat
+import zipfile
+import zlib
+import ctypes
+
+try:
+    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+except ImportError:
+    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
+    # Exception classes used by this module.
+    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
+        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
+        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
+        returncode attribute."""
+        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
+            self.returncode = returncode
+            self.cmd = cmd
+        def __str__(self):
+            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
+
+verbose = False
+
+# Only labels/tags matching this will be imported/exported
+defaultLabelRegexp = r'[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'
+
+# Grab changes in blocks of this many revisions, unless otherwise requested
+defaultBlockSize = 512
+
+def p4_build_cmd(cmd):
+    """Build a suitable p4 command line.
+
+    This consolidates building and returning a p4 command line into one
+    location. It means that hooking into the environment, or other configuration
+    can be done more easily.
+    """
+    real_cmd = ["p4"]
+
+    user = gitConfig("git-p4.user")
+    if len(user) > 0:
+        real_cmd += ["-u",user]
+
+    password = gitConfig("git-p4.password")
+    if len(password) > 0:
+        real_cmd += ["-P", password]
+
+    port = gitConfig("git-p4.port")
+    if len(port) > 0:
+        real_cmd += ["-p", port]
+
+    host = gitConfig("git-p4.host")
+    if len(host) > 0:
+        real_cmd += ["-H", host]
+
+    client = gitConfig("git-p4.client")
+    if len(client) > 0:
+        real_cmd += ["-c", client]
+
+
+    if isinstance(cmd,basestring):
+        real_cmd = ' '.join(real_cmd) + ' ' + cmd
+    else:
+        real_cmd += cmd
+    return real_cmd
+
+def chdir(path, is_client_path=False):
+    """Do chdir to the given path, and set the PWD environment
+       variable for use by P4.  It does not look at getcwd() output.
+       Since we're not using the shell, it is necessary to set the
+       PWD environment variable explicitly.
+
+       Normally, expand the path to force it to be absolute.  This
+       addresses the use of relative path names inside P4 settings,
+       e.g. P4CONFIG=.p4config.  P4 does not simply open the filename
+       as given; it looks for .p4config using PWD.
+
+       If is_client_path, the path was handed to us directly by p4,
+       and may be a symbolic link.  Do not call os.getcwd() in this
+       case, because it will cause p4 to think that PWD is not inside
+       the client path.
+       """
+
+    os.chdir(path)
+    if not is_client_path:
+        path = os.getcwd()
+    os.environ['PWD'] = path
+
+def calcDiskFree():
+    """Return free space in bytes on the disk of the given dirname."""
+    if platform.system() == 'Windows':
+        free_bytes = ctypes.c_ulonglong(0)
+        ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetDiskFreeSpaceExW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(os.getcwd()), None, None, ctypes.pointer(free_bytes))
+        return free_bytes.value
+    else:
+        st = os.statvfs(os.getcwd())
+        return st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize
+
+def die(msg):
+    if verbose:
+        raise Exception(msg)
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(msg + "\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+def write_pipe(c, stdin):
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write('Writing pipe: %s\n' % str(c))
+
+    expand = isinstance(c,basestring)
+    p = subprocess.Popen(c, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, shell=expand)
+    pipe = p.stdin
+    val = pipe.write(stdin)
+    pipe.close()
+    if p.wait():
+        die('Command failed: %s' % str(c))
+
+    return val
+
+def p4_write_pipe(c, stdin):
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
+    return write_pipe(real_cmd, stdin)
+
+def read_pipe(c, ignore_error=False):
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write('Reading pipe: %s\n' % str(c))
+
+    expand = isinstance(c,basestring)
+    p = subprocess.Popen(c, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=expand)
+    (out, err) = p.communicate()
+    if p.returncode != 0 and not ignore_error:
+        die('Command failed: %s\nError: %s' % (str(c), err))
+    return out
+
+def p4_read_pipe(c, ignore_error=False):
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
+    return read_pipe(real_cmd, ignore_error)
+
+def read_pipe_lines(c):
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write('Reading pipe: %s\n' % str(c))
+
+    expand = isinstance(c, basestring)
+    p = subprocess.Popen(c, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=expand)
+    pipe = p.stdout
+    val = pipe.readlines()
+    if pipe.close() or p.wait():
+        die('Command failed: %s' % str(c))
+
+    return val
+
+def p4_read_pipe_lines(c):
+    """Specifically invoke p4 on the command supplied. """
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
+    return read_pipe_lines(real_cmd)
+
+def p4_has_command(cmd):
+    """Ask p4 for help on this command.  If it returns an error, the
+       command does not exist in this version of p4."""
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(["help", cmd])
+    p = subprocess.Popen(real_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                   stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    p.communicate()
+    return p.returncode == 0
+
+def p4_has_move_command():
+    """See if the move command exists, that it supports -k, and that
+       it has not been administratively disabled.  The arguments
+       must be correct, but the filenames do not have to exist.  Use
+       ones with wildcards so even if they exist, it will fail."""
+
+    if not p4_has_command("move"):
+        return False
+    cmd = p4_build_cmd(["move", "-k", "@from", "@to"])
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    (out, err) = p.communicate()
+    # return code will be 1 in either case
+    if err.find("Invalid option") >= 0:
+        return False
+    if err.find("disabled") >= 0:
+        return False
+    # assume it failed because @... was invalid changelist
+    return True
+
+def system(cmd, ignore_error=False):
+    expand = isinstance(cmd,basestring)
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write("executing %s\n" % str(cmd))
+    retcode = subprocess.call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode and not ignore_error:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
+
+    return retcode
+
+def p4_system(cmd):
+    """Specifically invoke p4 as the system command. """
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
+    expand = isinstance(real_cmd, basestring)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, real_cmd)
+
+_p4_version_string = None
+def p4_version_string():
+    """Read the version string, showing just the last line, which
+       hopefully is the interesting version bit.
+
+       $ p4 -V
+       Perforce - The Fast Software Configuration Management System.
+       Copyright 1995-2011 Perforce Software.  All rights reserved.
+       Rev. P4/NTX86/2011.1/393975 (2011/12/16).
+    """
+    global _p4_version_string
+    if not _p4_version_string:
+        a = p4_read_pipe_lines(["-V"])
+        _p4_version_string = a[-1].rstrip()
+    return _p4_version_string
+
+def p4_integrate(src, dest):
+    p4_system(["integrate", "-Dt", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
+
+def p4_sync(f, *options):
+    p4_system(["sync"] + list(options) + [wildcard_encode(f)])
+
+def p4_add(f):
+    # forcibly add file names with wildcards
+    if wildcard_present(f):
+        p4_system(["add", "-f", f])
+    else:
+        p4_system(["add", f])
+
+def p4_delete(f):
+    p4_system(["delete", wildcard_encode(f)])
+
+def p4_edit(f, *options):
+    p4_system(["edit"] + list(options) + [wildcard_encode(f)])
+
+def p4_revert(f):
+    p4_system(["revert", wildcard_encode(f)])
+
+def p4_reopen(type, f):
+    p4_system(["reopen", "-t", type, wildcard_encode(f)])
+
+def p4_move(src, dest):
+    p4_system(["move", "-k", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
+
+def p4_last_change():
+    results = p4CmdList(["changes", "-m", "1"])
+    return int(results[0]['change'])
+
+def p4_describe(change):
+    """Make sure it returns a valid result by checking for
+       the presence of field "time".  Return a dict of the
+       results."""
+
+    ds = p4CmdList(["describe", "-s", str(change)])
+    if len(ds) != 1:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d did not return 1 result: %s" % (change, str(ds)))
+
+    d = ds[0]
+
+    if "p4ExitCode" in d:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d exited with %d: %s" % (change, d["p4ExitCode"],
+                                                      str(d)))
+    if "code" in d:
+        if d["code"] == "error":
+            die("p4 describe -s %d returned error code: %s" % (change, str(d)))
+
+    if "time" not in d:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d returned no \"time\": %s" % (change, str(d)))
+
+    return d
+
+#
+# Canonicalize the p4 type and return a tuple of the
+# base type, plus any modifiers.  See "p4 help filetypes"
+# for a list and explanation.
+#
+def split_p4_type(p4type):
+
+    p4_filetypes_historical = {
+        "ctempobj": "binary+Sw",
+        "ctext": "text+C",
+        "cxtext": "text+Cx",
+        "ktext": "text+k",
+        "kxtext": "text+kx",
+        "ltext": "text+F",
+        "tempobj": "binary+FSw",
+        "ubinary": "binary+F",
+        "uresource": "resource+F",
+        "uxbinary": "binary+Fx",
+        "xbinary": "binary+x",
+        "xltext": "text+Fx",
+        "xtempobj": "binary+Swx",
+        "xtext": "text+x",
+        "xunicode": "unicode+x",
+        "xutf16": "utf16+x",
+    }
+    if p4type in p4_filetypes_historical:
+        p4type = p4_filetypes_historical[p4type]
+    mods = ""
+    s = p4type.split("+")
+    base = s[0]
+    mods = ""
+    if len(s) > 1:
+        mods = s[1]
+    return (base, mods)
+
+#
+# return the raw p4 type of a file (text, text+ko, etc)
+#
+def p4_type(f):
+    results = p4CmdList(["fstat", "-T", "headType", wildcard_encode(f)])
+    return results[0]['headType']
+
+#
+# Given a type base and modifier, return a regexp matching
+# the keywords that can be expanded in the file
+#
+def p4_keywords_regexp_for_type(base, type_mods):
+    if base in ("text", "unicode", "binary"):
+        kwords = None
+        if "ko" in type_mods:
+            kwords = 'Id|Header'
+        elif "k" in type_mods:
+            kwords = 'Id|Header|Author|Date|DateTime|Change|File|Revision'
+        else:
+            return None
+        pattern = r"""
+            \$              # Starts with a dollar, followed by...
+            (%s)            # one of the keywords, followed by...
+            (:[^$\n]+)?     # possibly an old expansion, followed by...
+            \$              # another dollar
+            """ % kwords
+        return pattern
+    else:
+        return None
+
+#
+# Given a file, return a regexp matching the possible
+# RCS keywords that will be expanded, or None for files
+# with kw expansion turned off.
+#
+def p4_keywords_regexp_for_file(file):
+    if not os.path.exists(file):
+        return None
+    else:
+        (type_base, type_mods) = split_p4_type(p4_type(file))
+        return p4_keywords_regexp_for_type(type_base, type_mods)
+
+def setP4ExecBit(file, mode):
+    # Reopens an already open file and changes the execute bit to match
+    # the execute bit setting in the passed in mode.
+
+    p4Type = "+x"
+
+    if not isModeExec(mode):
+        p4Type = getP4OpenedType(file)
+        p4Type = re.sub('^([cku]?)x(.*)', '\\1\\2', p4Type)
+        p4Type = re.sub('(.*?\+.*?)x(.*?)', '\\1\\2', p4Type)
+        if p4Type[-1] == "+":
+            p4Type = p4Type[0:-1]
+
+    p4_reopen(p4Type, file)
+
+def getP4OpenedType(file):
+    # Returns the perforce file type for the given file.
+
+    result = p4_read_pipe(["opened", wildcard_encode(file)])
+    match = re.match(".*\((.+)\)( \*exclusive\*)?\r?$", result)
+    if match:
+        return match.group(1)
+    else:
+        die("Could not determine file type for %s (result: '%s')" % (file, result))
+
+# Return the set of all p4 labels
+def getP4Labels(depotPaths):
+    labels = set()
+    if isinstance(depotPaths,basestring):
+        depotPaths = [depotPaths]
+
+    for l in p4CmdList(["labels"] + ["%s..." % p for p in depotPaths]):
+        label = l['label']
+        labels.add(label)
+
+    return labels
+
+# Return the set of all git tags
+def getGitTags():
+    gitTags = set()
+    for line in read_pipe_lines(["git", "tag"]):
+        tag = line.strip()
+        gitTags.add(tag)
+    return gitTags
+
+def diffTreePattern():
+    # This is a simple generator for the diff tree regex pattern. This could be
+    # a class variable if this and parseDiffTreeEntry were a part of a class.
+    pattern = re.compile(':(\d+) (\d+) (\w+) (\w+) ([A-Z])(\d+)?\t(.*?)((\t(.*))|$)')
+    while True:
+        yield pattern
+
+def parseDiffTreeEntry(entry):
+    """Parses a single diff tree entry into its component elements.
+
+    See git-diff-tree(1) manpage for details about the format of the diff
+    output. This method returns a dictionary with the following elements:
+
+    src_mode - The mode of the source file
+    dst_mode - The mode of the destination file
+    src_sha1 - The sha1 for the source file
+    dst_sha1 - The sha1 fr the destination file
+    status - The one letter status of the diff (i.e. 'A', 'M', 'D', etc)
+    status_score - The score for the status (applicable for 'C' and 'R'
+                   statuses). This is None if there is no score.
+    src - The path for the source file.
+    dst - The path for the destination file. This is only present for
+          copy or renames. If it is not present, this is None.
+
+    If the pattern is not matched, None is returned."""
+
+    match = diffTreePattern().next().match(entry)
+    if match:
+        return {
+            'src_mode': match.group(1),
+            'dst_mode': match.group(2),
+            'src_sha1': match.group(3),
+            'dst_sha1': match.group(4),
+            'status': match.group(5),
+            'status_score': match.group(6),
+            'src': match.group(7),
+            'dst': match.group(10)
+        }
+    return None
+
+def isModeExec(mode):
+    # Returns True if the given git mode represents an executable file,
+    # otherwise False.
+    return mode[-3:] == "755"
+
+def isModeExecChanged(src_mode, dst_mode):
+    return isModeExec(src_mode) != isModeExec(dst_mode)
+
+def p4CmdList(cmd, stdin=None, stdin_mode='w+b', cb=None):
+
+    if isinstance(cmd,basestring):
+        cmd = "-G " + cmd
+        expand = True
+    else:
+        cmd = ["-G"] + cmd
+        expand = False
+
+    cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write("Opening pipe: %s\n" % str(cmd))
+
+    # Use a temporary file to avoid deadlocks without
+    # subprocess.communicate(), which would put another copy
+    # of stdout into memory.
+    stdin_file = None
+    if stdin is not None:
+        stdin_file = tempfile.TemporaryFile(prefix='p4-stdin', mode=stdin_mode)
+        if isinstance(stdin,basestring):
+            stdin_file.write(stdin)
+        else:
+            for i in stdin:
+                stdin_file.write(i + '\n')
+        stdin_file.flush()
+        stdin_file.seek(0)
+
+    p4 = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
+                          shell=expand,
+                          stdin=stdin_file,
+                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+    result = []
+    try:
+        while True:
+            entry = marshal.load(p4.stdout)
+            if cb is not None:
+                cb(entry)
+            else:
+                result.append(entry)
+    except EOFError:
+        pass
+    exitCode = p4.wait()
+    if exitCode != 0:
+        entry = {}
+        entry["p4ExitCode"] = exitCode
+        result.append(entry)
+
+    return result
+
+def p4Cmd(cmd):
+    list = p4CmdList(cmd)
+    result = {}
+    for entry in list:
+        result.update(entry)
+    return result;
+
+def p4Where(depotPath):
+    if not depotPath.endswith("/"):
+        depotPath += "/"
+    depotPathLong = depotPath + "..."
+    outputList = p4CmdList(["where", depotPathLong])
+    output = None
+    for entry in outputList:
+        if "depotFile" in entry:
+            # Search for the base client side depot path, as long as it starts with the branch's P4 path.
+            # The base path always ends with "/...".
+            if entry["depotFile"].find(depotPath) == 0 and entry["depotFile"][-4:] == "/...":
+                output = entry
+                break
+        elif "data" in entry:
+            data = entry.get("data")
+            space = data.find(" ")
+            if data[:space] == depotPath:
+                output = entry
+                break
+    if output == None:
+        return ""
+    if output["code"] == "error":
+        return ""
+    clientPath = ""
+    if "path" in output:
+        clientPath = output.get("path")
+    elif "data" in output:
+        data = output.get("data")
+        lastSpace = data.rfind(" ")
+        clientPath = data[lastSpace + 1:]
+
+    if clientPath.endswith("..."):
+        clientPath = clientPath[:-3]
+    return clientPath
+
+def currentGitBranch():
+    retcode = system(["git", "symbolic-ref", "-q", "HEAD"], ignore_error=True)
+    if retcode != 0:
+        # on a detached head
+        return None
+    else:
+        return read_pipe(["git", "name-rev", "HEAD"]).split(" ")[1].strip()
+
+def isValidGitDir(path):
+    if (os.path.exists(path + "/HEAD")
+        and os.path.exists(path + "/refs") and os.path.exists(path + "/objects")):
+        return True;
+    return False
+
+def parseRevision(ref):
+    return read_pipe("git rev-parse %s" % ref).strip()
+
+def branchExists(ref):
+    rev = read_pipe(["git", "rev-parse", "-q", "--verify", ref],
+                     ignore_error=True)
+    return len(rev) > 0
+
+def extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(commit):
+    logMessage = ""
+
+    ## fixme: title is first line of commit, not 1st paragraph.
+    foundTitle = False
+    for log in read_pipe_lines("git cat-file commit %s" % commit):
+       if not foundTitle:
+           if len(log) == 1:
+               foundTitle = True
+           continue
+
+       logMessage += log
+    return logMessage
+
+def extractSettingsGitLog(log):
+    values = {}
+    for line in log.split("\n"):
+        line = line.strip()
+        m = re.search (r"^ *\[git-p4: (.*)\]$", line)
+        if not m:
+            continue
+
+        assignments = m.group(1).split (':')
+        for a in assignments:
+            vals = a.split ('=')
+            key = vals[0].strip()
+            val = ('='.join (vals[1:])).strip()
+            if val.endswith ('\"') and val.startswith('"'):
+                val = val[1:-1]
+
+            values[key] = val
+
+    paths = values.get("depot-paths")
+    if not paths:
+        paths = values.get("depot-path")
+    if paths:
+        values['depot-paths'] = paths.split(',')
+    return values
+
+def gitBranchExists(branch):
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(["git", "rev-parse", branch],
+                            stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE);
+    return proc.wait() == 0;
+
+_gitConfig = {}
+
+def gitConfig(key, typeSpecifier=None):
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        cmd = [ "git", "config" ]
+        if typeSpecifier:
+            cmd += [ typeSpecifier ]
+        cmd += [ key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip()
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def gitConfigBool(key):
+    """Return a bool, using git config --bool.  It is True only if the
+       variable is set to true, and False if set to false or not present
+       in the config."""
+
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        _gitConfig[key] = gitConfig(key, '--bool') == "true"
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def gitConfigInt(key):
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", "--int", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        v = s.strip()
+        try:
+            _gitConfig[key] = int(gitConfig(key, '--int'))
+        except ValueError:
+            _gitConfig[key] = None
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def gitConfigList(key):
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        s = read_pipe(["git", "config", "--get-all", key], ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip().split(os.linesep)
+        if _gitConfig[key] == ['']:
+            _gitConfig[key] = []
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes=True):
+    """Find all the branches whose names start with "p4/", looking
+       in remotes or heads as specified by the argument.  Return
+       a dictionary of { branch: revision } for each one found.
+       The branch names are the short names, without any
+       "p4/" prefix."""
+
+    branches = {}
+
+    cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
+    if branchesAreInRemotes:
+        cmdline += "--remotes"
+    else:
+        cmdline += "--branches"
+
+    for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
+        line = line.strip()
+
+        # only import to p4/
+        if not line.startswith('p4/'):
+            continue
+        # special symbolic ref to p4/master
+        if line == "p4/HEAD":
+            continue
+
+        # strip off p4/ prefix
+        branch = line[len("p4/"):]
+
+        branches[branch] = parseRevision(line)
+
+    return branches
+
+def branch_exists(branch):
+    """Make sure that the given ref name really exists."""
+
+    cmd = [ "git", "rev-parse", "--symbolic", "--verify", branch ]
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    out, _ = p.communicate()
+    if p.returncode:
+        return False
+    # expect exactly one line of output: the branch name
+    return out.rstrip() == branch
+
+def findUpstreamBranchPoint(head = "HEAD"):
+    branches = p4BranchesInGit()
+    # map from depot-path to branch name
+    branchByDepotPath = {}
+    for branch in branches.keys():
+        tip = branches[branch]
+        log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(tip)
+        settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+        if settings.has_key("depot-paths"):
+            paths = ",".join(settings["depot-paths"])
+            branchByDepotPath[paths] = "remotes/p4/" + branch
+
+    settings = None
+    parent = 0
+    while parent < 65535:
+        commit = head + "~%s" % parent
+        log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(commit)
+        settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+        if settings.has_key("depot-paths"):
+            paths = ",".join(settings["depot-paths"])
+            if branchByDepotPath.has_key(paths):
+                return [branchByDepotPath[paths], settings]
+
+        parent = parent + 1
+
+    return ["", settings]
+
+def createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(localRefPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/", silent=True):
+    if not silent:
+        print ("Creating/updating branch(es) in %s based on origin branch(es)"
+               % localRefPrefix)
+
+    originPrefix = "origin/p4/"
+
+    for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --remotes"):
+        line = line.strip()
+        if (not line.startswith(originPrefix)) or line.endswith("HEAD"):
+            continue
+
+        headName = line[len(originPrefix):]
+        remoteHead = localRefPrefix + headName
+        originHead = line
+
+        original = extractSettingsGitLog(extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(originHead))
+        if (not original.has_key('depot-paths')
+            or not original.has_key('change')):
+            continue
+
+        update = False
+        if not gitBranchExists(remoteHead):
+            if verbose:
+                print "creating %s" % remoteHead
+            update = True
+        else:
+            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(remoteHead))
+            if settings.has_key('change') > 0:
+                if settings['depot-paths'] == original['depot-paths']:
+                    originP4Change = int(original['change'])
+                    p4Change = int(settings['change'])
+                    if originP4Change > p4Change:
+                        print ("%s (%s) is newer than %s (%s). "
+                               "Updating p4 branch from origin."
+                               % (originHead, originP4Change,
+                                  remoteHead, p4Change))
+                        update = True
+                else:
+                    print ("Ignoring: %s was imported from %s while "
+                           "%s was imported from %s"
+                           % (originHead, ','.join(original['depot-paths']),
+                              remoteHead, ','.join(settings['depot-paths'])))
+
+        if update:
+            system("git update-ref %s %s" % (remoteHead, originHead))
+
+def originP4BranchesExist():
+        return gitBranchExists("origin") or gitBranchExists("origin/p4") or gitBranchExists("origin/p4/master")
+
+
+def p4ParseNumericChangeRange(parts):
+    changeStart = int(parts[0][1:])
+    if parts[1] == '#head':
+        changeEnd = p4_last_change()
+    else:
+        changeEnd = int(parts[1])
+
+    return (changeStart, changeEnd)
+
+def chooseBlockSize(blockSize):
+    if blockSize:
+        return blockSize
+    else:
+        return defaultBlockSize
+
+def p4ChangesForPaths(depotPaths, changeRange, requestedBlockSize):
+    assert depotPaths
+
+    # Parse the change range into start and end. Try to find integer
+    # revision ranges as these can be broken up into blocks to avoid
+    # hitting server-side limits (maxrows, maxscanresults). But if
+    # that doesn't work, fall back to using the raw revision specifier
+    # strings, without using block mode.
+
+    if changeRange is None or changeRange == '':
+        changeStart = 1
+        changeEnd = p4_last_change()
+        block_size = chooseBlockSize(requestedBlockSize)
+    else:
+        parts = changeRange.split(',')
+        assert len(parts) == 2
+        try:
+            (changeStart, changeEnd) = p4ParseNumericChangeRange(parts)
+            block_size = chooseBlockSize(requestedBlockSize)
+        except:
+            changeStart = parts[0][1:]
+            changeEnd = parts[1]
+            if requestedBlockSize:
+                die("cannot use --changes-block-size with non-numeric revisions")
+            block_size = None
+
+    changes = []
+
+    # Retrieve changes a block at a time, to prevent running
+    # into a MaxResults/MaxScanRows error from the server.
+
+    while True:
+        cmd = ['changes']
+
+        if block_size:
+            end = min(changeEnd, changeStart + block_size)
+            revisionRange = "%d,%d" % (changeStart, end)
+        else:
+            revisionRange = "%s,%s" % (changeStart, changeEnd)
+
+        for p in depotPaths:
+            cmd += ["%s...@%s" % (p, revisionRange)]
+
+        # Insert changes in chronological order
+        for line in reversed(p4_read_pipe_lines(cmd)):
+            changes.append(int(line.split(" ")[1]))
+
+        if not block_size:
+            break
+
+        if end >= changeEnd:
+            break
+
+        changeStart = end + 1
+
+    changes = sorted(changes)
+    return changes
+
+def p4PathStartsWith(path, prefix):
+    # This method tries to remedy a potential mixed-case issue:
+    #
+    # If UserA adds  //depot/DirA/file1
+    # and UserB adds //depot/dira/file2
+    #
+    # we may or may not have a problem. If you have core.ignorecase=true,
+    # we treat DirA and dira as the same directory
+    if gitConfigBool("core.ignorecase"):
+        return path.lower().startswith(prefix.lower())
+    return path.startswith(prefix)
+
+def getClientSpec():
+    """Look at the p4 client spec, create a View() object that contains
+       all the mappings, and return it."""
+
+    specList = p4CmdList("client -o")
+    if len(specList) != 1:
+        die('Output from "client -o" is %d lines, expecting 1' %
+            len(specList))
+
+    # dictionary of all client parameters
+    entry = specList[0]
+
+    # the //client/ name
+    client_name = entry["Client"]
+
+    # just the keys that start with "View"
+    view_keys = [ k for k in entry.keys() if k.startswith("View") ]
+
+    # hold this new View
+    view = View(client_name)
+
+    # append the lines, in order, to the view
+    for view_num in range(len(view_keys)):
+        k = "View%d" % view_num
+        if k not in view_keys:
+            die("Expected view key %s missing" % k)
+        view.append(entry[k])
+
+    return view
+
+def getClientRoot():
+    """Grab the client directory."""
+
+    output = p4CmdList("client -o")
+    if len(output) != 1:
+        die('Output from "client -o" is %d lines, expecting 1' % len(output))
+
+    entry = output[0]
+    if "Root" not in entry:
+        die('Client has no "Root"')
+
+    return entry["Root"]
+
+#
+# P4 wildcards are not allowed in filenames.  P4 complains
+# if you simply add them, but you can force it with "-f", in
+# which case it translates them into %xx encoding internally.
+#
+def wildcard_decode(path):
+    # Search for and fix just these four characters.  Do % last so
+    # that fixing it does not inadvertently create new %-escapes.
+    # Cannot have * in a filename in windows; untested as to
+    # what p4 would do in such a case.
+    if not platform.system() == "Windows":
+        path = path.replace("%2A", "*")
+    path = path.replace("%23", "#") \
+               .replace("%40", "@") \
+               .replace("%25", "%")
+    return path
+
+def wildcard_encode(path):
+    # do % first to avoid double-encoding the %s introduced here
+    path = path.replace("%", "%25") \
+               .replace("*", "%2A") \
+               .replace("#", "%23") \
+               .replace("@", "%40")
+    return path
+
+def wildcard_present(path):
+    m = re.search("[*#@%]", path)
+    return m is not None
+
+class LargeFileSystem(object):
+    """Base class for large file system support."""
+
+    def __init__(self, writeToGitStream):
+        self.largeFiles = set()
+        self.writeToGitStream = writeToGitStream
+
+    def generatePointer(self, cloneDestination, contentFile):
+        """Return the content of a pointer file that is stored in Git instead of
+           the actual content."""
+        assert False, "Method 'generatePointer' required in " + self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def pushFile(self, localLargeFile):
+        """Push the actual content which is not stored in the Git repository to
+           a server."""
+        assert False, "Method 'pushFile' required in " + self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def hasLargeFileExtension(self, relPath):
+        return reduce(
+            lambda a, b: a or b,
+            [relPath.endswith('.' + e) for e in gitConfigList('git-p4.largeFileExtensions')],
+            False
+        )
+
+    def generateTempFile(self, contents):
+        contentFile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(prefix='git-p4-large-file', delete=False)
+        for d in contents:
+            contentFile.write(d)
+        contentFile.close()
+        return contentFile.name
+
+    def exceedsLargeFileThreshold(self, relPath, contents):
+        if gitConfigInt('git-p4.largeFileThreshold'):
+            contentsSize = sum(len(d) for d in contents)
+            if contentsSize > gitConfigInt('git-p4.largeFileThreshold'):
+                return True
+        if gitConfigInt('git-p4.largeFileCompressedThreshold'):
+            contentsSize = sum(len(d) for d in contents)
+            if contentsSize <= gitConfigInt('git-p4.largeFileCompressedThreshold'):
+                return False
+            contentTempFile = self.generateTempFile(contents)
+            compressedContentFile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(prefix='git-p4-large-file', delete=False)
+            zf = zipfile.ZipFile(compressedContentFile.name, mode='w')
+            zf.write(contentTempFile, compress_type=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
+            zf.close()
+            compressedContentsSize = zf.infolist()[0].compress_size
+            os.remove(contentTempFile)
+            os.remove(compressedContentFile.name)
+            if compressedContentsSize > gitConfigInt('git-p4.largeFileCompressedThreshold'):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def addLargeFile(self, relPath):
+        self.largeFiles.add(relPath)
+
+    def removeLargeFile(self, relPath):
+        self.largeFiles.remove(relPath)
+
+    def isLargeFile(self, relPath):
+        return relPath in self.largeFiles
+
+    def processContent(self, git_mode, relPath, contents):
+        """Processes the content of git fast import. This method decides if a
+           file is stored in the large file system and handles all necessary
+           steps."""
+        if self.exceedsLargeFileThreshold(relPath, contents) or self.hasLargeFileExtension(relPath):
+            contentTempFile = self.generateTempFile(contents)
+            (git_mode, contents, localLargeFile) = self.generatePointer(contentTempFile)
+
+            # Move temp file to final location in large file system
+            largeFileDir = os.path.dirname(localLargeFile)
+            if not os.path.isdir(largeFileDir):
+                os.makedirs(largeFileDir)
+            shutil.move(contentTempFile, localLargeFile)
+            self.addLargeFile(relPath)
+            if gitConfigBool('git-p4.largeFilePush'):
+                self.pushFile(localLargeFile)
+            if verbose:
+                sys.stderr.write("%s moved to large file system (%s)\n" % (relPath, localLargeFile))
+        return (git_mode, contents)
+
+class MockLFS(LargeFileSystem):
+    """Mock large file system for testing."""
+
+    def generatePointer(self, contentFile):
+        """The pointer content is the original content prefixed with "pointer-".
+           The local filename of the large file storage is derived from the file content.
+           """
+        with open(contentFile, 'r') as f:
+            content = next(f)
+            gitMode = '100644'
+            pointerContents = 'pointer-' + content
+            localLargeFile = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), '.git', 'mock-storage', 'local', content[:-1])
+            return (gitMode, pointerContents, localLargeFile)
+
+    def pushFile(self, localLargeFile):
+        """The remote filename of the large file storage is the same as the local
+           one but in a different directory.
+           """
+        remotePath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(localLargeFile), '..', 'remote')
+        if not os.path.exists(remotePath):
+            os.makedirs(remotePath)
+        shutil.copyfile(localLargeFile, os.path.join(remotePath, os.path.basename(localLargeFile)))
+
+class GitLFS(LargeFileSystem):
+    """Git LFS as backend for the git-p4 large file system.
+       See https://git-lfs.github.com/ for details."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        LargeFileSystem.__init__(self, *args)
+        self.baseGitAttributes = []
+
+    def generatePointer(self, contentFile):
+        """Generate a Git LFS pointer for the content. Return LFS Pointer file
+           mode and content which is stored in the Git repository instead of
+           the actual content. Return also the new location of the actual
+           content.
+           """
+        pointerProcess = subprocess.Popen(
+            ['git', 'lfs', 'pointer', '--file=' + contentFile],
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+        pointerFile = pointerProcess.stdout.read()
+        if pointerProcess.wait():
+            os.remove(contentFile)
+            die('git-lfs pointer command failed. Did you install the extension?')
+
+        # Git LFS removed the preamble in the output of the 'pointer' command
+        # starting from version 1.2.0. Check for the preamble here to support
+        # earlier versions.
+        # c.f. https://github.com/github/git-lfs/commit/da2935d9a739592bc775c98d8ef4df9c72ea3b43
+        if pointerFile.startswith('Git LFS pointer for'):
+            pointerFile = re.sub(r'Git LFS pointer for.*\n\n', '', pointerFile)
+
+        oid = re.search(r'^oid \w+:(\w+)', pointerFile, re.MULTILINE).group(1)
+        localLargeFile = os.path.join(
+            os.getcwd(),
+            '.git', 'lfs', 'objects', oid[:2], oid[2:4],
+            oid,
+        )
+        # LFS Spec states that pointer files should not have the executable bit set.
+        gitMode = '100644'
+        return (gitMode, pointerFile, localLargeFile)
+
+    def pushFile(self, localLargeFile):
+        uploadProcess = subprocess.Popen(
+            ['git', 'lfs', 'push', '--object-id', 'origin', os.path.basename(localLargeFile)]
+        )
+        if uploadProcess.wait():
+            die('git-lfs push command failed. Did you define a remote?')
+
+    def generateGitAttributes(self):
+        return (
+            self.baseGitAttributes +
+            [
+                '\n',
+                '#\n',
+                '# Git LFS (see https://git-lfs.github.com/)\n',
+                '#\n',
+            ] +
+            ['*.' + f.replace(' ', '[[:space:]]') + ' filter=lfs -text\n'
+                for f in sorted(gitConfigList('git-p4.largeFileExtensions'))
+            ] +
+            ['/' + f.replace(' ', '[[:space:]]') + ' filter=lfs -text\n'
+                for f in sorted(self.largeFiles) if not self.hasLargeFileExtension(f)
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def addLargeFile(self, relPath):
+        LargeFileSystem.addLargeFile(self, relPath)
+        self.writeToGitStream('100644', '.gitattributes', self.generateGitAttributes())
+
+    def removeLargeFile(self, relPath):
+        LargeFileSystem.removeLargeFile(self, relPath)
+        self.writeToGitStream('100644', '.gitattributes', self.generateGitAttributes())
+
+    def processContent(self, git_mode, relPath, contents):
+        if relPath == '.gitattributes':
+            self.baseGitAttributes = contents
+            return (git_mode, self.generateGitAttributes())
+        else:
+            return LargeFileSystem.processContent(self, git_mode, relPath, contents)
+
+class Command:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
+        self.needsGit = True
+        self.verbose = False
+
+class P4UserMap:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.userMapFromPerforceServer = False
+        self.myP4UserId = None
+
+    def p4UserId(self):
+        if self.myP4UserId:
+            return self.myP4UserId
+
+        results = p4CmdList("user -o")
+        for r in results:
+            if r.has_key('User'):
+                self.myP4UserId = r['User']
+                return r['User']
+        die("Could not find your p4 user id")
+
+    def p4UserIsMe(self, p4User):
+        # return True if the given p4 user is actually me
+        me = self.p4UserId()
+        if not p4User or p4User != me:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def getUserCacheFilename(self):
+        home = os.environ.get("HOME", os.environ.get("USERPROFILE"))
+        return home + "/.gitp4-usercache.txt"
+
+    def getUserMapFromPerforceServer(self):
+        if self.userMapFromPerforceServer:
+            return
+        self.users = {}
+        self.emails = {}
+
+        for output in p4CmdList("users"):
+            if not output.has_key("User"):
+                continue
+            self.users[output["User"]] = output["FullName"] + " <" + output["Email"] + ">"
+            self.emails[output["Email"]] = output["User"]
+
+        mapUserConfigRegex = re.compile(r"^\s*(\S+)\s*=\s*(.+)\s*<(\S+)>\s*$", re.VERBOSE)
+        for mapUserConfig in gitConfigList("git-p4.mapUser"):
+            mapUser = mapUserConfigRegex.findall(mapUserConfig)
+            if mapUser and len(mapUser[0]) == 3:
+                user = mapUser[0][0]
+                fullname = mapUser[0][1]
+                email = mapUser[0][2]
+                self.users[user] = fullname + " <" + email + ">"
+                self.emails[email] = user
+
+        s = ''
+        for (key, val) in self.users.items():
+            s += "%s\t%s\n" % (key.expandtabs(1), val.expandtabs(1))
+
+        open(self.getUserCacheFilename(), "wb").write(s)
+        self.userMapFromPerforceServer = True
+
+    def loadUserMapFromCache(self):
+        self.users = {}
+        self.userMapFromPerforceServer = False
+        try:
+            cache = open(self.getUserCacheFilename(), "rb")
+            lines = cache.readlines()
+            cache.close()
+            for line in lines:
+                entry = line.strip().split("\t")
+                self.users[entry[0]] = entry[1]
+        except IOError:
+            self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
+
+class P4Debug(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = []
+        self.description = "A tool to debug the output of p4 -G."
+        self.needsGit = False
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        j = 0
+        for output in p4CmdList(args):
+            print 'Element: %d' % j
+            j += 1
+            print output
+        return True
+
+class P4RollBack(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [
+            optparse.make_option("--local", dest="rollbackLocalBranches", action="store_true")
+        ]
+        self.description = "A tool to debug the multi-branch import. Don't use :)"
+        self.rollbackLocalBranches = False
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        if len(args) != 1:
+            return False
+        maxChange = int(args[0])
+
+        if "p4ExitCode" in p4Cmd("changes -m 1"):
+            die("Problems executing p4");
+
+        if self.rollbackLocalBranches:
+            refPrefix = "refs/heads/"
+            lines = read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --branches")
+        else:
+            refPrefix = "refs/remotes/"
+            lines = read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --remotes")
+
+        for line in lines:
+            if self.rollbackLocalBranches or (line.startswith("p4/") and line != "p4/HEAD\n"):
+                line = line.strip()
+                ref = refPrefix + line
+                log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(ref)
+                settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+
+                depotPaths = settings['depot-paths']
+                change = settings['change']
+
+                changed = False
+
+                if len(p4Cmd("changes -m 1 "  + ' '.join (['%s...@%s' % (p, maxChange)
+                                                           for p in depotPaths]))) == 0:
+                    print "Branch %s did not exist at change %s, deleting." % (ref, maxChange)
+                    system("git update-ref -d %s `git rev-parse %s`" % (ref, ref))
+                    continue
+
+                while change and int(change) > maxChange:
+                    changed = True
+                    if self.verbose:
+                        print "%s is at %s ; rewinding towards %s" % (ref, change, maxChange)
+                    system("git update-ref %s \"%s^\"" % (ref, ref))
+                    log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(ref)
+                    settings =  extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+
+
+                    depotPaths = settings['depot-paths']
+                    change = settings['change']
+
+                if changed:
+                    print "%s rewound to %s" % (ref, change)
+
+        return True
+
+class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
+
+    conflict_behavior_choices = ("ask", "skip", "quit")
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        P4UserMap.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [
+                optparse.make_option("--origin", dest="origin"),
+                optparse.make_option("-M", dest="detectRenames", action="store_true"),
+                # preserve the user, requires relevant p4 permissions
+                optparse.make_option("--preserve-user", dest="preserveUser", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--export-labels", dest="exportLabels", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--dry-run", "-n", dest="dry_run", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--prepare-p4-only", dest="prepare_p4_only", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--conflict", dest="conflict_behavior",
+                                     choices=self.conflict_behavior_choices),
+                optparse.make_option("--branch", dest="branch"),
+        ]
+        self.description = "Submit changes from git to the perforce depot."
+        self.usage += " [name of git branch to submit into perforce depot]"
+        self.origin = ""
+        self.detectRenames = False
+        self.preserveUser = gitConfigBool("git-p4.preserveUser")
+        self.dry_run = False
+        self.prepare_p4_only = False
+        self.conflict_behavior = None
+        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
+        self.exportLabels = False
+        self.p4HasMoveCommand = p4_has_move_command()
+        self.branch = None
+
+        if gitConfig('git-p4.largeFileSystem'):
+            die("Large file system not supported for git-p4 submit command. Please remove it from config.")
+
+    def check(self):
+        if len(p4CmdList("opened ...")) > 0:
+            die("You have files opened with perforce! Close them before starting the sync.")
+
+    def separate_jobs_from_description(self, message):
+        """Extract and return a possible Jobs field in the commit
+           message.  It goes into a separate section in the p4 change
+           specification.
+
+           A jobs line starts with "Jobs:" and looks like a new field
+           in a form.  Values are white-space separated on the same
+           line or on following lines that start with a tab.
+
+           This does not parse and extract the full git commit message
+           like a p4 form.  It just sees the Jobs: line as a marker
+           to pass everything from then on directly into the p4 form,
+           but outside the description section.
+
+           Return a tuple (stripped log message, jobs string)."""
+
+        m = re.search(r'^Jobs:', message, re.MULTILINE)
+        if m is None:
+            return (message, None)
+
+        jobtext = message[m.start():]
+        stripped_message = message[:m.start()].rstrip()
+        return (stripped_message, jobtext)
+
+    def prepareLogMessage(self, template, message, jobs):
+        """Edits the template returned from "p4 change -o" to insert
+           the message in the Description field, and the jobs text in
+           the Jobs field."""
+        result = ""
+
+        inDescriptionSection = False
+
+        for line in template.split("\n"):
+            if line.startswith("#"):
+                result += line + "\n"
+                continue
+
+            if inDescriptionSection:
+                if line.startswith("Files:") or line.startswith("Jobs:"):
+                    inDescriptionSection = False
+                    # insert Jobs section
+                    if jobs:
+                        result += jobs + "\n"
+                else:
+                    continue
+            else:
+                if line.startswith("Description:"):
+                    inDescriptionSection = True
+                    line += "\n"
+                    for messageLine in message.split("\n"):
+                        line += "\t" + messageLine + "\n"
+
+            result += line + "\n"
+
+        return result
+
+    def patchRCSKeywords(self, file, pattern):
+        # Attempt to zap the RCS keywords in a p4 controlled file matching the given pattern
+        (handle, outFileName) = tempfile.mkstemp(dir='.')
+        try:
+            outFile = os.fdopen(handle, "w+")
+            inFile = open(file, "r")
+            regexp = re.compile(pattern, re.VERBOSE)
+            for line in inFile.readlines():
+                line = regexp.sub(r'$\1$', line)
+                outFile.write(line)
+            inFile.close()
+            outFile.close()
+            # Forcibly overwrite the original file
+            os.unlink(file)
+            shutil.move(outFileName, file)
+        except:
+            # cleanup our temporary file
+            os.unlink(outFileName)
+            print "Failed to strip RCS keywords in %s" % file
+            raise
+
+        print "Patched up RCS keywords in %s" % file
+
+    def p4UserForCommit(self,id):
+        # Return the tuple (perforce user,git email) for a given git commit id
+        self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
+        gitEmail = read_pipe(["git", "log", "--max-count=1",
+                              "--format=%ae", id])
+        gitEmail = gitEmail.strip()
+        if not self.emails.has_key(gitEmail):
+            return (None,gitEmail)
+        else:
+            return (self.emails[gitEmail],gitEmail)
+
+    def checkValidP4Users(self,commits):
+        # check if any git authors cannot be mapped to p4 users
+        for id in commits:
+            (user,email) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
+            if not user:
+                msg = "Cannot find p4 user for email %s in commit %s." % (email, id)
+                if gitConfigBool("git-p4.allowMissingP4Users"):
+                    print "%s" % msg
+                else:
+                    die("Error: %s\nSet git-p4.allowMissingP4Users to true to allow this." % msg)
+
+    def lastP4Changelist(self):
+        # Get back the last changelist number submitted in this client spec. This
+        # then gets used to patch up the username in the change. If the same
+        # client spec is being used by multiple processes then this might go
+        # wrong.
+        results = p4CmdList("client -o")        # find the current client
+        client = None
+        for r in results:
+            if r.has_key('Client'):
+                client = r['Client']
+                break
+        if not client:
+            die("could not get client spec")
+        results = p4CmdList(["changes", "-c", client, "-m", "1"])
+        for r in results:
+            if r.has_key('change'):
+                return r['change']
+        die("Could not get changelist number for last submit - cannot patch up user details")
+
+    def modifyChangelistUser(self, changelist, newUser):
+        # fixup the user field of a changelist after it has been submitted.
+        changes = p4CmdList("change -o %s" % changelist)
+        if len(changes) != 1:
+            die("Bad output from p4 change modifying %s to user %s" %
+                (changelist, newUser))
+
+        c = changes[0]
+        if c['User'] == newUser: return   # nothing to do
+        c['User'] = newUser
+        input = marshal.dumps(c)
+
+        result = p4CmdList("change -f -i", stdin=input)
+        for r in result:
+            if r.has_key('code'):
+                if r['code'] == 'error':
+                    die("Could not modify user field of changelist %s to %s:%s" % (changelist, newUser, r['data']))
+            if r.has_key('data'):
+                print("Updated user field for changelist %s to %s" % (changelist, newUser))
+                return
+        die("Could not modify user field of changelist %s to %s" % (changelist, newUser))
+
+    def canChangeChangelists(self):
+        # check to see if we have p4 admin or super-user permissions, either of
+        # which are required to modify changelists.
+        results = p4CmdList(["protects", self.depotPath])
+        for r in results:
+            if r.has_key('perm'):
+                if r['perm'] == 'admin':
+                    return 1
+                if r['perm'] == 'super':
+                    return 1
+        return 0
+
+    def prepareSubmitTemplate(self):
+        """Run "p4 change -o" to grab a change specification template.
+           This does not use "p4 -G", as it is nice to keep the submission
+           template in original order, since a human might edit it.
+
+           Remove lines in the Files section that show changes to files
+           outside the depot path we're committing into."""
+
+        [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
+
+        template = ""
+        inFilesSection = False
+        for line in p4_read_pipe_lines(['change', '-o']):
+            if line.endswith("\r\n"):
+                line = line[:-2] + "\n"
+            if inFilesSection:
+                if line.startswith("\t"):
+                    # path starts and ends with a tab
+                    path = line[1:]
+                    lastTab = path.rfind("\t")
+                    if lastTab != -1:
+                        path = path[:lastTab]
+                        if settings.has_key('depot-paths'):
+                            if not [p for p in settings['depot-paths']
+                                    if p4PathStartsWith(path, p)]:
+                                continue
+                        else:
+                            if not p4PathStartsWith(path, self.depotPath):
+                                continue
+                else:
+                    inFilesSection = False
+            else:
+                if line.startswith("Files:"):
+                    inFilesSection = True
+
+            template += line
+
+        return template
+
+    def edit_template(self, template_file):
+        """Invoke the editor to let the user change the submission
+           message.  Return true if okay to continue with the submit."""
+
+        # if configured to skip the editing part, just submit
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit"):
+            return True
+
+        # look at the modification time, to check later if the user saved
+        # the file
+        mtime = os.stat(template_file).st_mtime
+
+        # invoke the editor
+        if os.environ.has_key("P4EDITOR") and (os.environ.get("P4EDITOR") != ""):
+            editor = os.environ.get("P4EDITOR")
+        else:
+            editor = read_pipe("git var GIT_EDITOR").strip()
+        system(["sh", "-c", ('%s "$@"' % editor), editor, template_file])
+
+        # If the file was not saved, prompt to see if this patch should
+        # be skipped.  But skip this verification step if configured so.
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck"):
+            return True
+
+        # modification time updated means user saved the file
+        if os.stat(template_file).st_mtime > mtime:
+            return True
+
+        while True:
+            response = raw_input("Submit template unchanged. Submit anyway? [y]es, [n]o (skip this patch) ")
+            if response == 'y':
+                return True
+            if response == 'n':
+                return False
+
+    def get_diff_description(self, editedFiles, filesToAdd):
+        # diff
+        if os.environ.has_key("P4DIFF"):
+            del(os.environ["P4DIFF"])
+        diff = ""
+        for editedFile in editedFiles:
+            diff += p4_read_pipe(['diff', '-du',
+                                  wildcard_encode(editedFile)])
+
+        # new file diff
+        newdiff = ""
+        for newFile in filesToAdd:
+            newdiff += "==== new file ====\n"
+            newdiff += "--- /dev/null\n"
+            newdiff += "+++ %s\n" % newFile
+            f = open(newFile, "r")
+            for line in f.readlines():
+                newdiff += "+" + line
+            f.close()
+
+        return (diff + newdiff).replace('\r\n', '\n')
+
+    def applyCommit(self, id):
+        """Apply one commit, return True if it succeeded."""
+
+        print "Applying", read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                     "--format=format:%h %s", id])
+
+        (p4User, gitEmail) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
+
+        diff = read_pipe_lines("git diff-tree -r %s \"%s^\" \"%s\"" % (self.diffOpts, id, id))
+        filesToAdd = set()
+        filesToChangeType = set()
+        filesToDelete = set()
+        editedFiles = set()
+        pureRenameCopy = set()
+        filesToChangeExecBit = {}
+
+        for line in diff:
+            diff = parseDiffTreeEntry(line)
+            modifier = diff['status']
+            path = diff['src']
+            if modifier == "M":
+                p4_edit(path)
+                if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
+                    filesToChangeExecBit[path] = diff['dst_mode']
+                editedFiles.add(path)
+            elif modifier == "A":
+                filesToAdd.add(path)
+                filesToChangeExecBit[path] = diff['dst_mode']
+                if path in filesToDelete:
+                    filesToDelete.remove(path)
+            elif modifier == "D":
+                filesToDelete.add(path)
+                if path in filesToAdd:
+                    filesToAdd.remove(path)
+            elif modifier == "C":
+                src, dest = diff['src'], diff['dst']
+                p4_integrate(src, dest)
+                pureRenameCopy.add(dest)
+                if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
+                    p4_edit(dest)
+                    pureRenameCopy.discard(dest)
+                if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
+                    p4_edit(dest)
+                    pureRenameCopy.discard(dest)
+                    filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
+                if self.isWindows:
+                    # turn off read-only attribute
+                    os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
+                os.unlink(dest)
+                editedFiles.add(dest)
+            elif modifier == "R":
+                src, dest = diff['src'], diff['dst']
+                if self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                    p4_edit(src)        # src must be open before move
+                    p4_move(src, dest)  # opens for (move/delete, move/add)
+                else:
+                    p4_integrate(src, dest)
+                    if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
+                        p4_edit(dest)
+                    else:
+                        pureRenameCopy.add(dest)
+                if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
+                    if not self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                        p4_edit(dest)   # with move: already open, writable
+                    filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
+                if not self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                    if self.isWindows:
+                        os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
+                    os.unlink(dest)
+                    filesToDelete.add(src)
+                editedFiles.add(dest)
+            elif modifier == "T":
+                filesToChangeType.add(path)
+            else:
+                die("unknown modifier %s for %s" % (modifier, path))
+
+        diffcmd = "git diff-tree --full-index -p \"%s\"" % (id)
+        patchcmd = diffcmd + " | git apply "
+        tryPatchCmd = patchcmd + "--check -"
+        applyPatchCmd = patchcmd + "--check --apply -"
+        patch_succeeded = True
+
+        if os.system(tryPatchCmd) != 0:
+            fixed_rcs_keywords = False
+            patch_succeeded = False
+            print "Unfortunately applying the change failed!"
+
+            # Patch failed, maybe it's just RCS keyword woes. Look through
+            # the patch to see if that's possible.
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup"):
+                file = None
+                pattern = None
+                kwfiles = {}
+                for file in editedFiles | filesToDelete:
+                    # did this file's delta contain RCS keywords?
+                    pattern = p4_keywords_regexp_for_file(file)
+
+                    if pattern:
+                        # this file is a possibility...look for RCS keywords.
+                        regexp = re.compile(pattern, re.VERBOSE)
+                        for line in read_pipe_lines(["git", "diff", "%s^..%s" % (id, id), file]):
+                            if regexp.search(line):
+                                if verbose:
+                                    print "got keyword match on %s in %s in %s" % (pattern, line, file)
+                                kwfiles[file] = pattern
+                                break
+
+                for file in kwfiles:
+                    if verbose:
+                        print "zapping %s with %s" % (line,pattern)
+                    # File is being deleted, so not open in p4.  Must
+                    # disable the read-only bit on windows.
+                    if self.isWindows and file not in editedFiles:
+                        os.chmod(file, stat.S_IWRITE)
+                    self.patchRCSKeywords(file, kwfiles[file])
+                    fixed_rcs_keywords = True
+
+            if fixed_rcs_keywords:
+                print "Retrying the patch with RCS keywords cleaned up"
+                if os.system(tryPatchCmd) == 0:
+                    patch_succeeded = True
+
+        if not patch_succeeded:
+            for f in editedFiles:
+                p4_revert(f)
+            return False
+
+        #
+        # Apply the patch for real, and do add/delete/+x handling.
+        #
+        system(applyPatchCmd)
+
+        for f in filesToChangeType:
+            p4_edit(f, "-t", "auto")
+        for f in filesToAdd:
+            p4_add(f)
+        for f in filesToDelete:
+            p4_revert(f)
+            p4_delete(f)
+
+        # Set/clear executable bits
+        for f in filesToChangeExecBit.keys():
+            mode = filesToChangeExecBit[f]
+            setP4ExecBit(f, mode)
+
+        #
+        # Build p4 change description, starting with the contents
+        # of the git commit message.
+        #
+        logMessage = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(id)
+        logMessage = logMessage.strip()
+        (logMessage, jobs) = self.separate_jobs_from_description(logMessage)
+
+        template = self.prepareSubmitTemplate()
+        submitTemplate = self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage, jobs)
+
+        if self.preserveUser:
+           submitTemplate += "\n######## Actual user %s, modified after commit\n" % p4User
+
+        if self.checkAuthorship and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
+            submitTemplate += "######## git author %s does not match your p4 account.\n" % gitEmail
+            submitTemplate += "######## Use option --preserve-user to modify authorship.\n"
+            submitTemplate += "######## Variable git-p4.skipUserNameCheck hides this message.\n"
+
+        separatorLine = "######## everything below this line is just the diff #######\n"
+        if not self.prepare_p4_only:
+            submitTemplate += separatorLine
+            submitTemplate += self.get_diff_description(editedFiles, filesToAdd)
+
+        (handle, fileName) = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        tmpFile = os.fdopen(handle, "w+b")
+        if self.isWindows:
+            submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+        tmpFile.write(submitTemplate)
+        tmpFile.close()
+
+        if self.prepare_p4_only:
+            #
+            # Leave the p4 tree prepared, and the submit template around
+            # and let the user decide what to do next
+            #
+            print
+            print "P4 workspace prepared for submission."
+            print "To submit or revert, go to client workspace"
+            print "  " + self.clientPath
+            print
+            print "To submit, use \"p4 submit\" to write a new description,"
+            print "or \"p4 submit -i <%s\" to use the one prepared by" \
+                  " \"git p4\"." % fileName
+            print "You can delete the file \"%s\" when finished." % fileName
+
+            if self.preserveUser and p4User and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
+                print "To preserve change ownership by user %s, you must\n" \
+                      "do \"p4 change -f <change>\" after submitting and\n" \
+                      "edit the User field."
+            if pureRenameCopy:
+                print "After submitting, renamed files must be re-synced."
+                print "Invoke \"p4 sync -f\" on each of these files:"
+                for f in pureRenameCopy:
+                    print "  " + f
+
+            print
+            print "To revert the changes, use \"p4 revert ...\", and delete"
+            print "the submit template file \"%s\"" % fileName
+            if filesToAdd:
+                print "Since the commit adds new files, they must be deleted:"
+                for f in filesToAdd:
+                    print "  " + f
+            print
+            return True
+
+        #
+        # Let the user edit the change description, then submit it.
+        #
+        submitted = False
+
+        try:
+            if self.edit_template(fileName):
+                # read the edited message and submit
+                tmpFile = open(fileName, "rb")
+                message = tmpFile.read()
+                tmpFile.close()
+                if self.isWindows:
+                    message = message.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+                submitTemplate = message[:message.index(separatorLine)]
+                p4_write_pipe(['submit', '-i'], submitTemplate)
+
+                if self.preserveUser:
+                    if p4User:
+                        # Get last changelist number. Cannot easily get it from
+                        # the submit command output as the output is
+                        # unmarshalled.
+                        changelist = self.lastP4Changelist()
+                        self.modifyChangelistUser(changelist, p4User)
+
+                # The rename/copy happened by applying a patch that created a
+                # new file.  This leaves it writable, which confuses p4.
+                for f in pureRenameCopy:
+                    p4_sync(f, "-f")
+                submitted = True
+
+        finally:
+            # skip this patch
+            if not submitted:
+                print "Submission cancelled, undoing p4 changes."
+                for f in editedFiles:
+                    p4_revert(f)
+                for f in filesToAdd:
+                    p4_revert(f)
+                    os.remove(f)
+                for f in filesToDelete:
+                    p4_revert(f)
+
+        os.remove(fileName)
+        return submitted
+
+    # Export git tags as p4 labels. Create a p4 label and then tag
+    # with that.
+    def exportGitTags(self, gitTags):
+        validLabelRegexp = gitConfig("git-p4.labelExportRegexp")
+        if len(validLabelRegexp) == 0:
+            validLabelRegexp = defaultLabelRegexp
+        m = re.compile(validLabelRegexp)
+
+        for name in gitTags:
+
+            if not m.match(name):
+                if verbose:
+                    print "tag %s does not match regexp %s" % (name, validLabelRegexp)
+                continue
+
+            # Get the p4 commit this corresponds to
+            logMessage = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(name)
+            values = extractSettingsGitLog(logMessage)
+
+            if not values.has_key('change'):
+                # a tag pointing to something not sent to p4; ignore
+                if verbose:
+                    print "git tag %s does not give a p4 commit" % name
+                continue
+            else:
+                changelist = values['change']
+
+            # Get the tag details.
+            inHeader = True
+            isAnnotated = False
+            body = []
+            for l in read_pipe_lines(["git", "cat-file", "-p", name]):
+                l = l.strip()
+                if inHeader:
+                    if re.match(r'tag\s+', l):
+                        isAnnotated = True
+                    elif re.match(r'\s*$', l):
+                        inHeader = False
+                        continue
+                else:
+                    body.append(l)
+
+            if not isAnnotated:
+                body = ["lightweight tag imported by git p4\n"]
+
+            # Create the label - use the same view as the client spec we are using
+            clientSpec = getClientSpec()
+
+            labelTemplate  = "Label: %s\n" % name
+            labelTemplate += "Description:\n"
+            for b in body:
+                labelTemplate += "\t" + b + "\n"
+            labelTemplate += "View:\n"
+            for depot_side in clientSpec.mappings:
+                labelTemplate += "\t%s\n" % depot_side
+
+            if self.dry_run:
+                print "Would create p4 label %s for tag" % name
+            elif self.prepare_p4_only:
+                print "Not creating p4 label %s for tag due to option" \
+                      " --prepare-p4-only" % name
+            else:
+                p4_write_pipe(["label", "-i"], labelTemplate)
+
+                # Use the label
+                p4_system(["tag", "-l", name] +
+                          ["%s@%s" % (depot_side, changelist) for depot_side in clientSpec.mappings])
+
+                if verbose:
+                    print "created p4 label for tag %s" % name
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            self.master = currentGitBranch()
+        elif len(args) == 1:
+            self.master = args[0]
+            if not branchExists(self.master):
+                die("Branch %s does not exist" % self.master)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+        if self.master:
+            allowSubmit = gitConfig("git-p4.allowSubmit")
+            if len(allowSubmit) > 0 and not self.master in allowSubmit.split(","):
+                die("%s is not in git-p4.allowSubmit" % self.master)
+
+        [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
+        self.depotPath = settings['depot-paths'][0]
+        if len(self.origin) == 0:
+            self.origin = upstream
+
+        if self.preserveUser:
+            if not self.canChangeChangelists():
+                die("Cannot preserve user names without p4 super-user or admin permissions")
+
+        # if not set from the command line, try the config file
+        if self.conflict_behavior is None:
+            val = gitConfig("git-p4.conflict")
+            if val:
+                if val not in self.conflict_behavior_choices:
+                    die("Invalid value '%s' for config git-p4.conflict" % val)
+            else:
+                val = "ask"
+            self.conflict_behavior = val
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print "Origin branch is " + self.origin
+
+        if len(self.depotPath) == 0:
+            print "Internal error: cannot locate perforce depot path from existing branches"
+            sys.exit(128)
+
+        self.useClientSpec = False
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
+            self.useClientSpec = True
+        if self.useClientSpec:
+            self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
+
+        # Check for the existance of P4 branches
+        branchesDetected = (len(p4BranchesInGit().keys()) > 1)
+
+        if self.useClientSpec and not branchesDetected:
+            # all files are relative to the client spec
+            self.clientPath = getClientRoot()
+        else:
+            self.clientPath = p4Where(self.depotPath)
+
+        if self.clientPath == "":
+            die("Error: Cannot locate perforce checkout of %s in client view" % self.depotPath)
+
+        print "Perforce checkout for depot path %s located at %s" % (self.depotPath, self.clientPath)
+        self.oldWorkingDirectory = os.getcwd()
+
+        # ensure the clientPath exists
+        new_client_dir = False
+        if not os.path.exists(self.clientPath):
+            new_client_dir = True
+            os.makedirs(self.clientPath)
+
+        chdir(self.clientPath, is_client_path=True)
+        if self.dry_run:
+            print "Would synchronize p4 checkout in %s" % self.clientPath
+        else:
+            print "Synchronizing p4 checkout..."
+            if new_client_dir:
+                # old one was destroyed, and maybe nobody told p4
+                p4_sync("...", "-f")
+            else:
+                p4_sync("...")
+        self.check()
+
+        commits = []
+        if self.master:
+            commitish = self.master
+        else:
+            commitish = 'HEAD'
+
+        for line in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--no-merges", "%s..%s" % (self.origin, commitish)]):
+            commits.append(line.strip())
+        commits.reverse()
+
+        if self.preserveUser or gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck"):
+            self.checkAuthorship = False
+        else:
+            self.checkAuthorship = True
+
+        if self.preserveUser:
+            self.checkValidP4Users(commits)
+
+        #
+        # Build up a set of options to be passed to diff when
+        # submitting each commit to p4.
+        #
+        if self.detectRenames:
+            # command-line -M arg
+            self.diffOpts = "-M"
+        else:
+            # If not explicitly set check the config variable
+            detectRenames = gitConfig("git-p4.detectRenames")
+
+            if detectRenames.lower() == "false" or detectRenames == "":
+                self.diffOpts = ""
+            elif detectRenames.lower() == "true":
+                self.diffOpts = "-M"
+            else:
+                self.diffOpts = "-M%s" % detectRenames
+
+        # no command-line arg for -C or --find-copies-harder, just
+        # config variables
+        detectCopies = gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopies")
+        if detectCopies.lower() == "false" or detectCopies == "":
+            pass
+        elif detectCopies.lower() == "true":
+            self.diffOpts += " -C"
+        else:
+            self.diffOpts += " -C%s" % detectCopies
+
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder"):
+            self.diffOpts += " --find-copies-harder"
+
+        #
+        # Apply the commits, one at a time.  On failure, ask if should
+        # continue to try the rest of the patches, or quit.
+        #
+        if self.dry_run:
+            print "Would apply"
+        applied = []
+        last = len(commits) - 1
+        for i, commit in enumerate(commits):
+            if self.dry_run:
+                print " ", read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                      "--format=format:%h %s", commit])
+                ok = True
+            else:
+                ok = self.applyCommit(commit)
+            if ok:
+                applied.append(commit)
+            else:
+                if self.prepare_p4_only and i < last:
+                    print "Processing only the first commit due to option" \
+                          " --prepare-p4-only"
+                    break
+                if i < last:
+                    quit = False
+                    while True:
+                        # prompt for what to do, or use the option/variable
+                        if self.conflict_behavior == "ask":
+                            print "What do you want to do?"
+                            response = raw_input("[s]kip this commit but apply"
+                                                 " the rest, or [q]uit? ")
+                            if not response:
+                                continue
+                        elif self.conflict_behavior == "skip":
+                            response = "s"
+                        elif self.conflict_behavior == "quit":
+                            response = "q"
+                        else:
+                            die("Unknown conflict_behavior '%s'" %
+                                self.conflict_behavior)
+
+                        if response[0] == "s":
+                            print "Skipping this commit, but applying the rest"
+                            break
+                        if response[0] == "q":
+                            print "Quitting"
+                            quit = True
+                            break
+                    if quit:
+                        break
+
+        chdir(self.oldWorkingDirectory)
+
+        if self.dry_run:
+            pass
+        elif self.prepare_p4_only:
+            pass
+        elif len(commits) == len(applied):
+            print "All commits applied!"
+
+            sync = P4Sync()
+            if self.branch:
+                sync.branch = self.branch
+            sync.run([])
+
+            rebase = P4Rebase()
+            rebase.rebase()
+
+        else:
+            if len(applied) == 0:
+                print "No commits applied."
+            else:
+                print "Applied only the commits marked with '*':"
+                for c in commits:
+                    if c in applied:
+                        star = "*"
+                    else:
+                        star = " "
+                    print star, read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                           "--format=format:%h %s",  c])
+                print "You will have to do 'git p4 sync' and rebase."
+
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.exportLabels"):
+            self.exportLabels = True
+
+        if self.exportLabels:
+            p4Labels = getP4Labels(self.depotPath)
+            gitTags = getGitTags()
+
+            missingGitTags = gitTags - p4Labels
+            self.exportGitTags(missingGitTags)
+
+        # exit with error unless everything applied perfectly
+        if len(commits) != len(applied):
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+        return True
+
+class View(object):
+    """Represent a p4 view ("p4 help views"), and map files in a
+       repo according to the view."""
+
+    def __init__(self, client_name):
+        self.mappings = []
+        self.client_prefix = "//%s/" % client_name
+        # cache results of "p4 where" to lookup client file locations
+        self.client_spec_path_cache = {}
+
+    def append(self, view_line):
+        """Parse a view line, splitting it into depot and client
+           sides.  Append to self.mappings, preserving order.  This
+           is only needed for tag creation."""
+
+        # Split the view line into exactly two words.  P4 enforces
+        # structure on these lines that simplifies this quite a bit.
+        #
+        # Either or both words may be double-quoted.
+        # Single quotes do not matter.
+        # Double-quote marks cannot occur inside the words.
+        # A + or - prefix is also inside the quotes.
+        # There are no quotes unless they contain a space.
+        # The line is already white-space stripped.
+        # The two words are separated by a single space.
+        #
+        if view_line[0] == '"':
+            # First word is double quoted.  Find its end.
+            close_quote_index = view_line.find('"', 1)
+            if close_quote_index <= 0:
+                die("No first-word closing quote found: %s" % view_line)
+            depot_side = view_line[1:close_quote_index]
+            # skip closing quote and space
+            rhs_index = close_quote_index + 1 + 1
+        else:
+            space_index = view_line.find(" ")
+            if space_index <= 0:
+                die("No word-splitting space found: %s" % view_line)
+            depot_side = view_line[0:space_index]
+            rhs_index = space_index + 1
+
+        # prefix + means overlay on previous mapping
+        if depot_side.startswith("+"):
+            depot_side = depot_side[1:]
+
+        # prefix - means exclude this path, leave out of mappings
+        exclude = False
+        if depot_side.startswith("-"):
+            exclude = True
+            depot_side = depot_side[1:]
+
+        if not exclude:
+            self.mappings.append(depot_side)
+
+    def convert_client_path(self, clientFile):
+        # chop off //client/ part to make it relative
+        if not clientFile.startswith(self.client_prefix):
+            die("No prefix '%s' on clientFile '%s'" %
+                (self.client_prefix, clientFile))
+        return clientFile[len(self.client_prefix):]
+
+    def update_client_spec_path_cache(self, files):
+        """ Caching file paths by "p4 where" batch query """
+
+        # List depot file paths exclude that already cached
+        fileArgs = [f['path'] for f in files if f['path'] not in self.client_spec_path_cache]
+
+        if len(fileArgs) == 0:
+            return  # All files in cache
+
+        where_result = p4CmdList(["-x", "-", "where"], stdin=fileArgs)
+        for res in where_result:
+            if "code" in res and res["code"] == "error":
+                # assume error is "... file(s) not in client view"
+                continue
+            if "clientFile" not in res:
+                die("No clientFile in 'p4 where' output")
+            if "unmap" in res:
+                # it will list all of them, but only one not unmap-ped
+                continue
+            if gitConfigBool("core.ignorecase"):
+                res['depotFile'] = res['depotFile'].lower()
+            self.client_spec_path_cache[res['depotFile']] = self.convert_client_path(res["clientFile"])
+
+        # not found files or unmap files set to ""
+        for depotFile in fileArgs:
+            if gitConfigBool("core.ignorecase"):
+                depotFile = depotFile.lower()
+            if depotFile not in self.client_spec_path_cache:
+                self.client_spec_path_cache[depotFile] = ""
+
+    def map_in_client(self, depot_path):
+        """Return the relative location in the client where this
+           depot file should live.  Returns "" if the file should
+           not be mapped in the client."""
+
+        if gitConfigBool("core.ignorecase"):
+            depot_path = depot_path.lower()
+
+        if depot_path in self.client_spec_path_cache:
+            return self.client_spec_path_cache[depot_path]
+
+        die( "Error: %s is not found in client spec path" % depot_path )
+        return ""
+
+class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
+    delete_actions = ( "delete", "move/delete", "purge" )
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        P4UserMap.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [
+                optparse.make_option("--branch", dest="branch"),
+                optparse.make_option("--detect-branches", dest="detectBranches", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--changesfile", dest="changesFile"),
+                optparse.make_option("--silent", dest="silent", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--detect-labels", dest="detectLabels", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--import-labels", dest="importLabels", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--import-local", dest="importIntoRemotes", action="store_false",
+                                     help="Import into refs/heads/ , not refs/remotes"),
+                optparse.make_option("--max-changes", dest="maxChanges",
+                                     help="Maximum number of changes to import"),
+                optparse.make_option("--changes-block-size", dest="changes_block_size", type="int",
+                                     help="Internal block size to use when iteratively calling p4 changes"),
+                optparse.make_option("--keep-path", dest="keepRepoPath", action='store_true',
+                                     help="Keep entire BRANCH/DIR/SUBDIR prefix during import"),
+                optparse.make_option("--use-client-spec", dest="useClientSpec", action='store_true',
+                                     help="Only sync files that are included in the Perforce Client Spec"),
+                optparse.make_option("-/", dest="cloneExclude",
+                                     action="append", type="string",
+                                     help="exclude depot path"),
+        ]
+        self.description = """Imports from Perforce into a git repository.\n
+    example:
+    //depot/my/project/ -- to import the current head
+    //depot/my/project/@all -- to import everything
+    //depot/my/project/@1,6 -- to import only from revision 1 to 6
+
+    (a ... is not needed in the path p4 specification, it's added implicitly)"""
+
+        self.usage += " //depot/path[@revRange]"
+        self.silent = False
+        self.createdBranches = set()
+        self.committedChanges = set()
+        self.branch = ""
+        self.detectBranches = False
+        self.detectLabels = False
+        self.importLabels = False
+        self.changesFile = ""
+        self.syncWithOrigin = True
+        self.importIntoRemotes = True
+        self.maxChanges = ""
+        self.changes_block_size = None
+        self.keepRepoPath = False
+        self.depotPaths = None
+        self.p4BranchesInGit = []
+        self.cloneExclude = []
+        self.useClientSpec = False
+        self.useClientSpec_from_options = False
+        self.clientSpecDirs = None
+        self.tempBranches = []
+        self.tempBranchLocation = "git-p4-tmp"
+        self.largeFileSystem = None
+
+        if gitConfig('git-p4.largeFileSystem'):
+            largeFileSystemConstructor = globals()[gitConfig('git-p4.largeFileSystem')]
+            self.largeFileSystem = largeFileSystemConstructor(
+                lambda git_mode, relPath, contents: self.writeToGitStream(git_mode, relPath, contents)
+            )
+
+        if gitConfig("git-p4.syncFromOrigin") == "false":
+            self.syncWithOrigin = False
+
+    # This is required for the "append" cloneExclude action
+    def ensure_value(self, attr, value):
+        if not hasattr(self, attr) or getattr(self, attr) is None:
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return getattr(self, attr)
+
+    # Force a checkpoint in fast-import and wait for it to finish
+    def checkpoint(self):
+        self.gitStream.write("checkpoint\n\n")
+        self.gitStream.write("progress checkpoint\n\n")
+        out = self.gitOutput.readline()
+        if self.verbose:
+            print "checkpoint finished: " + out
+
+    def extractFilesFromCommit(self, commit):
+        self.cloneExclude = [re.sub(r"\.\.\.$", "", path)
+                             for path in self.cloneExclude]
+        files = []
+        fnum = 0
+        while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
+            path =  commit["depotFile%s" % fnum]
+
+            if [p for p in self.cloneExclude
+                if p4PathStartsWith(path, p)]:
+                found = False
+            else:
+                found = [p for p in self.depotPaths
+                         if p4PathStartsWith(path, p)]
+            if not found:
+                fnum = fnum + 1
+                continue
+
+            file = {}
+            file["path"] = path
+            file["rev"] = commit["rev%s" % fnum]
+            file["action"] = commit["action%s" % fnum]
+            file["type"] = commit["type%s" % fnum]
+            files.append(file)
+            fnum = fnum + 1
+        return files
+
+    def extractJobsFromCommit(self, commit):
+        jobs = []
+        jnum = 0
+        while commit.has_key("job%s" % jnum):
+            job = commit["job%s" % jnum]
+            jobs.append(job)
+            jnum = jnum + 1
+        return jobs
+
+    def stripRepoPath(self, path, prefixes):
+        """When streaming files, this is called to map a p4 depot path
+           to where it should go in git.  The prefixes are either
+           self.depotPaths, or self.branchPrefixes in the case of
+           branch detection."""
+
+        if self.useClientSpec:
+            # branch detection moves files up a level (the branch name)
+            # from what client spec interpretation gives
+            path = self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+            if self.detectBranches:
+                for b in self.knownBranches:
+                    if path.startswith(b + "/"):
+                        path = path[len(b)+1:]
+
+        elif self.keepRepoPath:
+            # Preserve everything in relative path name except leading
+            # //depot/; just look at first prefix as they all should
+            # be in the same depot.
+            depot = re.sub("^(//[^/]+/).*", r'\1', prefixes[0])
+            if p4PathStartsWith(path, depot):
+                path = path[len(depot):]
+
+        else:
+            for p in prefixes:
+                if p4PathStartsWith(path, p):
+                    path = path[len(p):]
+                    break
+
+        path = wildcard_decode(path)
+        return path
+
+    def splitFilesIntoBranches(self, commit):
+        """Look at each depotFile in the commit to figure out to what
+           branch it belongs."""
+
+        if self.clientSpecDirs:
+            files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(commit)
+            self.clientSpecDirs.update_client_spec_path_cache(files)
+
+        branches = {}
+        fnum = 0
+        while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
+            path =  commit["depotFile%s" % fnum]
+            found = [p for p in self.depotPaths
+                     if p4PathStartsWith(path, p)]
+            if not found:
+                fnum = fnum + 1
+                continue
+
+            file = {}
+            file["path"] = path
+            file["rev"] = commit["rev%s" % fnum]
+            file["action"] = commit["action%s" % fnum]
+            file["type"] = commit["type%s" % fnum]
+            fnum = fnum + 1
+
+            # start with the full relative path where this file would
+            # go in a p4 client
+            if self.useClientSpec:
+                relPath = self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+            else:
+                relPath = self.stripRepoPath(path, self.depotPaths)
+
+            for branch in self.knownBranches.keys():
+                # add a trailing slash so that a commit into qt/4.2foo
+                # doesn't end up in qt/4.2, e.g.
+                if relPath.startswith(branch + "/"):
+                    if branch not in branches:
+                        branches[branch] = []
+                    branches[branch].append(file)
+                    break
+
+        return branches
+
+    def writeToGitStream(self, gitMode, relPath, contents):
+        self.gitStream.write('M %s inline %s\n' % (gitMode, relPath))
+        self.gitStream.write('data %d\n' % sum(len(d) for d in contents))
+        for d in contents:
+            self.gitStream.write(d)
+        self.gitStream.write('\n')
+
+    # output one file from the P4 stream
+    # - helper for streamP4Files
+
+    def streamOneP4File(self, file, contents):
+        relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['depotFile'], self.branchPrefixes)
+        if verbose:
+            size = int(self.stream_file['fileSize'])
+            sys.stdout.write('\r%s --> %s (%i MB)\n' % (file['depotFile'], relPath, size/1024/1024))
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+
+        (type_base, type_mods) = split_p4_type(file["type"])
+
+        git_mode = "100644"
+        if "x" in type_mods:
+            git_mode = "100755"
+        if type_base == "symlink":
+            git_mode = "120000"
+            # p4 print on a symlink sometimes contains "target\n";
+            # if it does, remove the newline
+            data = ''.join(contents)
+            if not data:
+                # Some version of p4 allowed creating a symlink that pointed
+                # to nothing.  This causes p4 errors when checking out such
+                # a change, and errors here too.  Work around it by ignoring
+                # the bad symlink; hopefully a future change fixes it.
+                print "\nIgnoring empty symlink in %s" % file['depotFile']
+                return
+            elif data[-1] == '\n':
+                contents = [data[:-1]]
+            else:
+                contents = [data]
+
+        if type_base == "utf16":
+            # p4 delivers different text in the python output to -G
+            # than it does when using "print -o", or normal p4 client
+            # operations.  utf16 is converted to ascii or utf8, perhaps.
+            # But ascii text saved as -t utf16 is completely mangled.
+            # Invoke print -o to get the real contents.
+            #
+            # On windows, the newlines will always be mangled by print, so put
+            # them back too.  This is not needed to the cygwin windows version,
+            # just the native "NT" type.
+            #
+            try:
+                text = p4_read_pipe(['print', '-q', '-o', '-', '%s@%s' % (file['depotFile'], file['change'])])
+            except Exception as e:
+                if 'Translation of file content failed' in str(e):
+                    type_base = 'binary'
+                else:
+                    raise e
+            else:
+                if p4_version_string().find('/NT') >= 0:
+                    text = text.replace('\r\n', '\n')
+                contents = [ text ]
+
+        if type_base == "apple":
+            # Apple filetype files will be streamed as a concatenation of
+            # its appledouble header and the contents.  This is useless
+            # on both macs and non-macs.  If using "print -q -o xx", it
+            # will create "xx" with the data, and "%xx" with the header.
+            # This is also not very useful.
+            #
+            # Ideally, someday, this script can learn how to generate
+            # appledouble files directly and import those to git, but
+            # non-mac machines can never find a use for apple filetype.
+            print "\nIgnoring apple filetype file %s" % file['depotFile']
+            return
+
+        # Note that we do not try to de-mangle keywords on utf16 files,
+        # even though in theory somebody may want that.
+        pattern = p4_keywords_regexp_for_type(type_base, type_mods)
+        if pattern:
+            regexp = re.compile(pattern, re.VERBOSE)
+            text = ''.join(contents)
+            text = regexp.sub(r'$\1$', text)
+            contents = [ text ]
+
+        try:
+            relPath.decode('ascii')
+        except:
+            encoding = 'utf8'
+            if gitConfig('git-p4.pathEncoding'):
+                encoding = gitConfig('git-p4.pathEncoding')
+            relPath = relPath.decode(encoding, 'replace').encode('utf8', 'replace')
+            if self.verbose:
+                print 'Path with non-ASCII characters detected. Used %s to encode: %s ' % (encoding, relPath)
+
+        if self.largeFileSystem:
+            (git_mode, contents) = self.largeFileSystem.processContent(git_mode, relPath, contents)
+
+        self.writeToGitStream(git_mode, relPath, contents)
+
+    def streamOneP4Deletion(self, file):
+        relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['path'], self.branchPrefixes)
+        if verbose:
+            sys.stdout.write("delete %s\n" % relPath)
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+        self.gitStream.write("D %s\n" % relPath)
+
+        if self.largeFileSystem and self.largeFileSystem.isLargeFile(relPath):
+            self.largeFileSystem.removeLargeFile(relPath)
+
+    # handle another chunk of streaming data
+    def streamP4FilesCb(self, marshalled):
+
+        # catch p4 errors and complain
+        err = None
+        if "code" in marshalled:
+            if marshalled["code"] == "error":
+                if "data" in marshalled:
+                    err = marshalled["data"].rstrip()
+
+        if not err and 'fileSize' in self.stream_file:
+            required_bytes = int((4 * int(self.stream_file["fileSize"])) - calcDiskFree())
+            if required_bytes > 0:
+                err = 'Not enough space left on %s! Free at least %i MB.' % (
+                    os.getcwd(), required_bytes/1024/1024
+                )
+
+        if err:
+            f = None
+            if self.stream_have_file_info:
+                if "depotFile" in self.stream_file:
+                    f = self.stream_file["depotFile"]
+            # force a failure in fast-import, else an empty
+            # commit will be made
+            self.gitStream.write("\n")
+            self.gitStream.write("die-now\n")
+            self.gitStream.close()
+            # ignore errors, but make sure it exits first
+            self.importProcess.wait()
+            if f:
+                die("Error from p4 print for %s: %s" % (f, err))
+            else:
+                die("Error from p4 print: %s" % err)
+
+        if marshalled.has_key('depotFile') and self.stream_have_file_info:
+            # start of a new file - output the old one first
+            self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
+            self.stream_file = {}
+            self.stream_contents = []
+            self.stream_have_file_info = False
+
+        # pick up the new file information... for the
+        # 'data' field we need to append to our array
+        for k in marshalled.keys():
+            if k == 'data':
+                if 'streamContentSize' not in self.stream_file:
+                    self.stream_file['streamContentSize'] = 0
+                self.stream_file['streamContentSize'] += len(marshalled['data'])
+                self.stream_contents.append(marshalled['data'])
+            else:
+                self.stream_file[k] = marshalled[k]
+
+        if (verbose and
+            'streamContentSize' in self.stream_file and
+            'fileSize' in self.stream_file and
+            'depotFile' in self.stream_file):
+            size = int(self.stream_file["fileSize"])
+            if size > 0:
+                progress = 100*self.stream_file['streamContentSize']/size
+                sys.stdout.write('\r%s %d%% (%i MB)' % (self.stream_file['depotFile'], progress, int(size/1024/1024)))
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+
+        self.stream_have_file_info = True
+
+    # Stream directly from "p4 files" into "git fast-import"
+    def streamP4Files(self, files):
+        filesForCommit = []
+        filesToRead = []
+        filesToDelete = []
+
+        for f in files:
+            filesForCommit.append(f)
+            if f['action'] in self.delete_actions:
+                filesToDelete.append(f)
+            else:
+                filesToRead.append(f)
+
+        # deleted files...
+        for f in filesToDelete:
+            self.streamOneP4Deletion(f)
+
+        if len(filesToRead) > 0:
+            self.stream_file = {}
+            self.stream_contents = []
+            self.stream_have_file_info = False
+
+            # curry self argument
+            def streamP4FilesCbSelf(entry):
+                self.streamP4FilesCb(entry)
+
+            fileArgs = ['%s#%s' % (f['path'], f['rev']) for f in filesToRead]
+
+            p4CmdList(["-x", "-", "print"],
+                      stdin=fileArgs,
+                      cb=streamP4FilesCbSelf)
+
+            # do the last chunk
+            if self.stream_file.has_key('depotFile'):
+                self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
+
+    def make_email(self, userid):
+        if userid in self.users:
+            return self.users[userid]
+        else:
+            return "%s <a@b>" % userid
+
+    def streamTag(self, gitStream, labelName, labelDetails, commit, epoch):
+        """ Stream a p4 tag.
+        commit is either a git commit, or a fast-import mark, ":<p4commit>"
+        """
+
+        if verbose:
+            print "writing tag %s for commit %s" % (labelName, commit)
+        gitStream.write("tag %s\n" % labelName)
+        gitStream.write("from %s\n" % commit)
+
+        if labelDetails.has_key('Owner'):
+            owner = labelDetails["Owner"]
+        else:
+            owner = None
+
+        # Try to use the owner of the p4 label, or failing that,
+        # the current p4 user id.
+        if owner:
+            email = self.make_email(owner)
+        else:
+            email = self.make_email(self.p4UserId())
+        tagger = "%s %s %s" % (email, epoch, self.tz)
+
+        gitStream.write("tagger %s\n" % tagger)
+
+        print "labelDetails=",labelDetails
+        if labelDetails.has_key('Description'):
+            description = labelDetails['Description']
+        else:
+            description = 'Label from git p4'
+
+        gitStream.write("data %d\n" % len(description))
+        gitStream.write(description)
+        gitStream.write("\n")
+
+    def inClientSpec(self, path):
+        if not self.clientSpecDirs:
+            return True
+        inClientSpec = self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+        if not inClientSpec and self.verbose:
+            print('Ignoring file outside of client spec: {0}'.format(path))
+        return inClientSpec
+
+    def hasBranchPrefix(self, path):
+        if not self.branchPrefixes:
+            return True
+        hasPrefix = [p for p in self.branchPrefixes
+                        if p4PathStartsWith(path, p)]
+        if hasPrefix and self.verbose:
+            print('Ignoring file outside of prefix: {0}'.format(path))
+        return hasPrefix
+
+    def commit(self, details, files, branch, parent = ""):
+        epoch = details["time"]
+        author = details["user"]
+        jobs = self.extractJobsFromCommit(details)
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print('commit into {0}'.format(branch))
+
+        if self.clientSpecDirs:
+            self.clientSpecDirs.update_client_spec_path_cache(files)
+
+        files = [f for f in files
+            if self.inClientSpec(f['path']) and self.hasBranchPrefix(f['path'])]
+
+        if not files and not gitConfigBool('git-p4.keepEmptyCommits'):
+            print('Ignoring revision {0} as it would produce an empty commit.'
+                .format(details['change']))
+            return
+
+        self.gitStream.write("commit %s\n" % branch)
+        self.gitStream.write("mark :%s\n" % details["change"])
+        self.committedChanges.add(int(details["change"]))
+        committer = ""
+        if author not in self.users:
+            self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
+        committer = "%s %s %s" % (self.make_email(author), epoch, self.tz)
+
+        self.gitStream.write("committer %s\n" % committer)
+
+        self.gitStream.write("data <<EOT\n")
+        self.gitStream.write(details["desc"])
+        if len(jobs) > 0:
+            self.gitStream.write("\nJobs: %s" % (' '.join(jobs)))
+        self.gitStream.write("\n[git-p4: depot-paths = \"%s\": change = %s" %
+                             (','.join(self.branchPrefixes), details["change"]))
+        if len(details['options']) > 0:
+            self.gitStream.write(": options = %s" % details['options'])
+        self.gitStream.write("]\nEOT\n\n")
+
+        if len(parent) > 0:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "parent %s" % parent
+            self.gitStream.write("from %s\n" % parent)
+
+        self.streamP4Files(files)
+        self.gitStream.write("\n")
+
+        change = int(details["change"])
+
+        if self.labels.has_key(change):
+            label = self.labels[change]
+            labelDetails = label[0]
+            labelRevisions = label[1]
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "Change %s is labelled %s" % (change, labelDetails)
+
+            files = p4CmdList(["files"] + ["%s...@%s" % (p, change)
+                                                for p in self.branchPrefixes])
+
+            if len(files) == len(labelRevisions):
+
+                cleanedFiles = {}
+                for info in files:
+                    if info["action"] in self.delete_actions:
+                        continue
+                    cleanedFiles[info["depotFile"]] = info["rev"]
+
+                if cleanedFiles == labelRevisions:
+                    self.streamTag(self.gitStream, 'tag_%s' % labelDetails['label'], labelDetails, branch, epoch)
+
+                else:
+                    if not self.silent:
+                        print ("Tag %s does not match with change %s: files do not match."
+                               % (labelDetails["label"], change))
+
+            else:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print ("Tag %s does not match with change %s: file count is different."
+                           % (labelDetails["label"], change))
+
+    # Build a dictionary of changelists and labels, for "detect-labels" option.
+    def getLabels(self):
+        self.labels = {}
+
+        l = p4CmdList(["labels"] + ["%s..." % p for p in self.depotPaths])
+        if len(l) > 0 and not self.silent:
+            print "Finding files belonging to labels in %s" % `self.depotPaths`
+
+        for output in l:
+            label = output["label"]
+            revisions = {}
+            newestChange = 0
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "Querying files for label %s" % label
+            for file in p4CmdList(["files"] +
+                                      ["%s...@%s" % (p, label)
+                                          for p in self.depotPaths]):
+                revisions[file["depotFile"]] = file["rev"]
+                change = int(file["change"])
+                if change > newestChange:
+                    newestChange = change
+
+            self.labels[newestChange] = [output, revisions]
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print "Label changes: %s" % self.labels.keys()
+
+    # Import p4 labels as git tags. A direct mapping does not
+    # exist, so assume that if all the files are at the same revision
+    # then we can use that, or it's something more complicated we should
+    # just ignore.
+    def importP4Labels(self, stream, p4Labels):
+        if verbose:
+            print "import p4 labels: " + ' '.join(p4Labels)
+
+        ignoredP4Labels = gitConfigList("git-p4.ignoredP4Labels")
+        validLabelRegexp = gitConfig("git-p4.labelImportRegexp")
+        if len(validLabelRegexp) == 0:
+            validLabelRegexp = defaultLabelRegexp
+        m = re.compile(validLabelRegexp)
+
+        for name in p4Labels:
+            commitFound = False
+
+            if not m.match(name):
+                if verbose:
+                    print "label %s does not match regexp %s" % (name,validLabelRegexp)
+                continue
+
+            if name in ignoredP4Labels:
+                continue
+
+            labelDetails = p4CmdList(['label', "-o", name])[0]
+
+            # get the most recent changelist for each file in this label
+            change = p4Cmd(["changes", "-m", "1"] + ["%s...@%s" % (p, name)
+                                for p in self.depotPaths])
+
+            if change.has_key('change'):
+                # find the corresponding git commit; take the oldest commit
+                changelist = int(change['change'])
+                if changelist in self.committedChanges:
+                    gitCommit = ":%d" % changelist       # use a fast-import mark
+                    commitFound = True
+                else:
+                    gitCommit = read_pipe(["git", "rev-list", "--max-count=1",
+                        "--reverse", ":/\[git-p4:.*change = %d\]" % changelist], ignore_error=True)
+                    if len(gitCommit) == 0:
+                        print "importing label %s: could not find git commit for changelist %d" % (name, changelist)
+                    else:
+                        commitFound = True
+                        gitCommit = gitCommit.strip()
+
+                if commitFound:
+                    # Convert from p4 time format
+                    try:
+                        tmwhen = time.strptime(labelDetails['Update'], "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
+                    except ValueError:
+                        print "Could not convert label time %s" % labelDetails['Update']
+                        tmwhen = 1
+
+                    when = int(time.mktime(tmwhen))
+                    self.streamTag(stream, name, labelDetails, gitCommit, when)
+                    if verbose:
+                        print "p4 label %s mapped to git commit %s" % (name, gitCommit)
+            else:
+                if verbose:
+                    print "Label %s has no changelists - possibly deleted?" % name
+
+            if not commitFound:
+                # We can't import this label; don't try again as it will get very
+                # expensive repeatedly fetching all the files for labels that will
+                # never be imported. If the label is moved in the future, the
+                # ignore will need to be removed manually.
+                system(["git", "config", "--add", "git-p4.ignoredP4Labels", name])
+
+    def guessProjectName(self):
+        for p in self.depotPaths:
+            if p.endswith("/"):
+                p = p[:-1]
+            p = p[p.strip().rfind("/") + 1:]
+            if not p.endswith("/"):
+               p += "/"
+            return p
+
+    def getBranchMapping(self):
+        lostAndFoundBranches = set()
+
+        user = gitConfig("git-p4.branchUser")
+        if len(user) > 0:
+            command = "branches -u %s" % user
+        else:
+            command = "branches"
+
+        for info in p4CmdList(command):
+            details = p4Cmd(["branch", "-o", info["branch"]])
+            viewIdx = 0
+            while details.has_key("View%s" % viewIdx):
+                paths = details["View%s" % viewIdx].split(" ")
+                viewIdx = viewIdx + 1
+                # require standard //depot/foo/... //depot/bar/... mapping
+                if len(paths) != 2 or not paths[0].endswith("/...") or not paths[1].endswith("/..."):
+                    continue
+                source = paths[0]
+                destination = paths[1]
+                ## HACK
+                if p4PathStartsWith(source, self.depotPaths[0]) and p4PathStartsWith(destination, self.depotPaths[0]):
+                    source = source[len(self.depotPaths[0]):-4]
+                    destination = destination[len(self.depotPaths[0]):-4]
+
+                    if destination in self.knownBranches:
+                        if not self.silent:
+                            print "p4 branch %s defines a mapping from %s to %s" % (info["branch"], source, destination)
+                            print "but there exists another mapping from %s to %s already!" % (self.knownBranches[destination], destination)
+                        continue
+
+                    self.knownBranches[destination] = source
+
+                    lostAndFoundBranches.discard(destination)
+
+                    if source not in self.knownBranches:
+                        lostAndFoundBranches.add(source)
+
+        # Perforce does not strictly require branches to be defined, so we also
+        # check git config for a branch list.
+        #
+        # Example of branch definition in git config file:
+        # [git-p4]
+        #   branchList=main:branchA
+        #   branchList=main:branchB
+        #   branchList=branchA:branchC
+        configBranches = gitConfigList("git-p4.branchList")
+        for branch in configBranches:
+            if branch:
+                (source, destination) = branch.split(":")
+                self.knownBranches[destination] = source
+
+                lostAndFoundBranches.discard(destination)
+
+                if source not in self.knownBranches:
+                    lostAndFoundBranches.add(source)
+
+
+        for branch in lostAndFoundBranches:
+            self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
+
+    def getBranchMappingFromGitBranches(self):
+        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
+        for branch in branches.keys():
+            if branch == "master":
+                branch = "main"
+            else:
+                branch = branch[len(self.projectName):]
+            self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
+
+    def updateOptionDict(self, d):
+        option_keys = {}
+        if self.keepRepoPath:
+            option_keys['keepRepoPath'] = 1
+
+        d["options"] = ' '.join(sorted(option_keys.keys()))
+
+    def readOptions(self, d):
+        self.keepRepoPath = (d.has_key('options')
+                             and ('keepRepoPath' in d['options']))
+
+    def gitRefForBranch(self, branch):
+        if branch == "main":
+            return self.refPrefix + "master"
+
+        if len(branch) <= 0:
+            return branch
+
+        return self.refPrefix + self.projectName + branch
+
+    def gitCommitByP4Change(self, ref, change):
+        if self.verbose:
+            print "looking in ref " + ref + " for change %s using bisect..." % change
+
+        earliestCommit = ""
+        latestCommit = parseRevision(ref)
+
+        while True:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "trying: earliest %s latest %s" % (earliestCommit, latestCommit)
+            next = read_pipe("git rev-list --bisect %s %s" % (latestCommit, earliestCommit)).strip()
+            if len(next) == 0:
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print "argh"
+                return ""
+            log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(next)
+            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+            currentChange = int(settings['change'])
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "current change %s" % currentChange
+
+            if currentChange == change:
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print "found %s" % next
+                return next
+
+            if currentChange < change:
+                earliestCommit = "^%s" % next
+            else:
+                latestCommit = "%s" % next
+
+        return ""
+
+    def importNewBranch(self, branch, maxChange):
+        # make fast-import flush all changes to disk and update the refs using the checkpoint
+        # command so that we can try to find the branch parent in the git history
+        self.gitStream.write("checkpoint\n\n");
+        self.gitStream.flush();
+        branchPrefix = self.depotPaths[0] + branch + "/"
+        range = "@1,%s" % maxChange
+        #print "prefix" + branchPrefix
+        changes = p4ChangesForPaths([branchPrefix], range, self.changes_block_size)
+        if len(changes) <= 0:
+            return False
+        firstChange = changes[0]
+        #print "first change in branch: %s" % firstChange
+        sourceBranch = self.knownBranches[branch]
+        sourceDepotPath = self.depotPaths[0] + sourceBranch
+        sourceRef = self.gitRefForBranch(sourceBranch)
+        #print "source " + sourceBranch
+
+        branchParentChange = int(p4Cmd(["changes", "-m", "1", "%s...@1,%s" % (sourceDepotPath, firstChange)])["change"])
+        #print "branch parent: %s" % branchParentChange
+        gitParent = self.gitCommitByP4Change(sourceRef, branchParentChange)
+        if len(gitParent) > 0:
+            self.initialParents[self.gitRefForBranch(branch)] = gitParent
+            #print "parent git commit: %s" % gitParent
+
+        self.importChanges(changes)
+        return True
+
+    def searchParent(self, parent, branch, target):
+        parentFound = False
+        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse",
+                                     "--no-merges", parent]):
+            blob = blob.strip()
+            if len(read_pipe(["git", "diff-tree", blob, target])) == 0:
+                parentFound = True
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print "Found parent of %s in commit %s" % (branch, blob)
+                break
+        if parentFound:
+            return blob
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def importChanges(self, changes):
+        cnt = 1
+        for change in changes:
+            description = p4_describe(change)
+            self.updateOptionDict(description)
+
+            if not self.silent:
+                sys.stdout.write("\rImporting revision %s (%s%%)" % (change, cnt * 100 / len(changes)))
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+            cnt = cnt + 1
+
+            try:
+                if self.detectBranches:
+                    branches = self.splitFilesIntoBranches(description)
+                    for branch in branches.keys():
+                        ## HACK  --hwn
+                        branchPrefix = self.depotPaths[0] + branch + "/"
+                        self.branchPrefixes = [ branchPrefix ]
+
+                        parent = ""
+
+                        filesForCommit = branches[branch]
+
+                        if self.verbose:
+                            print "branch is %s" % branch
+
+                        self.updatedBranches.add(branch)
+
+                        if branch not in self.createdBranches:
+                            self.createdBranches.add(branch)
+                            parent = self.knownBranches[branch]
+                            if parent == branch:
+                                parent = ""
+                            else:
+                                fullBranch = self.projectName + branch
+                                if fullBranch not in self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                                    if not self.silent:
+                                        print("\n    Importing new branch %s" % fullBranch);
+                                    if self.importNewBranch(branch, change - 1):
+                                        parent = ""
+                                        self.p4BranchesInGit.append(fullBranch)
+                                    if not self.silent:
+                                        print("\n    Resuming with change %s" % change);
+
+                                if self.verbose:
+                                    print "parent determined through known branches: %s" % parent
+
+                        branch = self.gitRefForBranch(branch)
+                        parent = self.gitRefForBranch(parent)
+
+                        if self.verbose:
+                            print "looking for initial parent for %s; current parent is %s" % (branch, parent)
+
+                        if len(parent) == 0 and branch in self.initialParents:
+                            parent = self.initialParents[branch]
+                            del self.initialParents[branch]
+
+                        blob = None
+                        if len(parent) > 0:
+                            tempBranch = "%s/%d" % (self.tempBranchLocation, change)
+                            if self.verbose:
+                                print "Creating temporary branch: " + tempBranch
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, tempBranch)
+                            self.tempBranches.append(tempBranch)
+                            self.checkpoint()
+                            blob = self.searchParent(parent, branch, tempBranch)
+                        if blob:
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, blob)
+                        else:
+                            if self.verbose:
+                                print "Parent of %s not found. Committing into head of %s" % (branch, parent)
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, parent)
+                else:
+                    files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(description)
+                    self.commit(description, files, self.branch,
+                                self.initialParent)
+                    # only needed once, to connect to the previous commit
+                    self.initialParent = ""
+            except IOError:
+                print self.gitError.read()
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+    def importHeadRevision(self, revision):
+        print "Doing initial import of %s from revision %s into %s" % (' '.join(self.depotPaths), revision, self.branch)
+
+        details = {}
+        details["user"] = "git perforce import user"
+        details["desc"] = ("Initial import of %s from the state at revision %s\n"
+                           % (' '.join(self.depotPaths), revision))
+        details["change"] = revision
+        newestRevision = 0
+
+        fileCnt = 0
+        fileArgs = ["%s...%s" % (p,revision) for p in self.depotPaths]
+
+        for info in p4CmdList(["files"] + fileArgs):
+
+            if 'code' in info and info['code'] == 'error':
+                sys.stderr.write("p4 returned an error: %s\n"
+                                 % info['data'])
+                if info['data'].find("must refer to client") >= 0:
+                    sys.stderr.write("This particular p4 error is misleading.\n")
+                    sys.stderr.write("Perhaps the depot path was misspelled.\n");
+                    sys.stderr.write("Depot path:  %s\n" % " ".join(self.depotPaths))
+                sys.exit(1)
+            if 'p4ExitCode' in info:
+                sys.stderr.write("p4 exitcode: %s\n" % info['p4ExitCode'])
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+
+            change = int(info["change"])
+            if change > newestRevision:
+                newestRevision = change
+
+            if info["action"] in self.delete_actions:
+                # don't increase the file cnt, otherwise details["depotFile123"] will have gaps!
+                #fileCnt = fileCnt + 1
+                continue
+
+            for prop in ["depotFile", "rev", "action", "type" ]:
+                details["%s%s" % (prop, fileCnt)] = info[prop]
+
+            fileCnt = fileCnt + 1
+
+        details["change"] = newestRevision
+
+        # Use time from top-most change so that all git p4 clones of
+        # the same p4 repo have the same commit SHA1s.
+        res = p4_describe(newestRevision)
+        details["time"] = res["time"]
+
+        self.updateOptionDict(details)
+        try:
+            self.commit(details, self.extractFilesFromCommit(details), self.branch)
+        except IOError:
+            print "IO error with git fast-import. Is your git version recent enough?"
+            print self.gitError.read()
+
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        self.depotPaths = []
+        self.changeRange = ""
+        self.previousDepotPaths = []
+        self.hasOrigin = False
+
+        # map from branch depot path to parent branch
+        self.knownBranches = {}
+        self.initialParents = {}
+
+        if self.importIntoRemotes:
+            self.refPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/"
+        else:
+            self.refPrefix = "refs/heads/p4/"
+
+        if self.syncWithOrigin:
+            self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print 'Syncing with origin first, using "git fetch origin"'
+                system("git fetch origin")
+
+        branch_arg_given = bool(self.branch)
+        if len(self.branch) == 0:
+            self.branch = self.refPrefix + "master"
+            if gitBranchExists("refs/heads/p4") and self.importIntoRemotes:
+                system("git update-ref %s refs/heads/p4" % self.branch)
+                system("git branch -D p4")
+
+        # accept either the command-line option, or the configuration variable
+        if self.useClientSpec:
+            # will use this after clone to set the variable
+            self.useClientSpec_from_options = True
+        else:
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
+                self.useClientSpec = True
+        if self.useClientSpec:
+            self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
+
+        # TODO: should always look at previous commits,
+        # merge with previous imports, if possible.
+        if args == []:
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(self.refPrefix, self.silent)
+
+            # branches holds mapping from branch name to sha1
+            branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
+
+            # restrict to just this one, disabling detect-branches
+            if branch_arg_given:
+                short = self.branch.split("/")[-1]
+                if short in branches:
+                    self.p4BranchesInGit = [ short ]
+            else:
+                self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
+
+            if len(self.p4BranchesInGit) > 1:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print "Importing from/into multiple branches"
+                self.detectBranches = True
+                for branch in branches.keys():
+                    self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = \
+                        branches[branch]
+
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
+
+            p4Change = 0
+            for branch in self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                logMsg =  extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(self.refPrefix + branch)
+
+                settings = extractSettingsGitLog(logMsg)
+
+                self.readOptions(settings)
+                if (settings.has_key('depot-paths')
+                    and settings.has_key ('change')):
+                    change = int(settings['change']) + 1
+                    p4Change = max(p4Change, change)
+
+                    depotPaths = sorted(settings['depot-paths'])
+                    if self.previousDepotPaths == []:
+                        self.previousDepotPaths = depotPaths
+                    else:
+                        paths = []
+                        for (prev, cur) in zip(self.previousDepotPaths, depotPaths):
+                            prev_list = prev.split("/")
+                            cur_list = cur.split("/")
+                            for i in range(0, min(len(cur_list), len(prev_list))):
+                                if cur_list[i] <> prev_list[i]:
+                                    i = i - 1
+                                    break
+
+                            paths.append ("/".join(cur_list[:i + 1]))
+
+                        self.previousDepotPaths = paths
+
+            if p4Change > 0:
+                self.depotPaths = sorted(self.previousDepotPaths)
+                self.changeRange = "@%s,#head" % p4Change
+                if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
+                    print "Performing incremental import into %s git branch" % self.branch
+
+        # accept multiple ref name abbreviations:
+        #    refs/foo/bar/branch -> use it exactly
+        #    p4/branch -> prepend refs/remotes/ or refs/heads/
+        #    branch -> prepend refs/remotes/p4/ or refs/heads/p4/
+        if not self.branch.startswith("refs/"):
+            if self.importIntoRemotes:
+                prepend = "refs/remotes/"
+            else:
+                prepend = "refs/heads/"
+            if not self.branch.startswith("p4/"):
+                prepend += "p4/"
+            self.branch = prepend + self.branch
+
+        if len(args) == 0 and self.depotPaths:
+            if not self.silent:
+                print "Depot paths: %s" % ' '.join(self.depotPaths)
+        else:
+            if self.depotPaths and self.depotPaths != args:
+                print ("previous import used depot path %s and now %s was specified. "
+                       "This doesn't work!" % (' '.join (self.depotPaths),
+                                               ' '.join (args)))
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            self.depotPaths = sorted(args)
+
+        revision = ""
+        self.users = {}
+
+        # Make sure no revision specifiers are used when --changesfile
+        # is specified.
+        bad_changesfile = False
+        if len(self.changesFile) > 0:
+            for p in self.depotPaths:
+                if p.find("@") >= 0 or p.find("#") >= 0:
+                    bad_changesfile = True
+                    break
+        if bad_changesfile:
+            die("Option --changesfile is incompatible with revision specifiers")
+
+        newPaths = []
+        for p in self.depotPaths:
+            if p.find("@") != -1:
+                atIdx = p.index("@")
+                self.changeRange = p[atIdx:]
+                if self.changeRange == "@all":
+                    self.changeRange = ""
+                elif ',' not in self.changeRange:
+                    revision = self.changeRange
+                    self.changeRange = ""
+                p = p[:atIdx]
+            elif p.find("#") != -1:
+                hashIdx = p.index("#")
+                revision = p[hashIdx:]
+                p = p[:hashIdx]
+            elif self.previousDepotPaths == []:
+                # pay attention to changesfile, if given, else import
+                # the entire p4 tree at the head revision
+                if len(self.changesFile) == 0:
+                    revision = "#head"
+
+            p = re.sub ("\.\.\.$", "", p)
+            if not p.endswith("/"):
+                p += "/"
+
+            newPaths.append(p)
+
+        self.depotPaths = newPaths
+
+        # --detect-branches may change this for each branch
+        self.branchPrefixes = self.depotPaths
+
+        self.loadUserMapFromCache()
+        self.labels = {}
+        if self.detectLabels:
+            self.getLabels();
+
+        if self.detectBranches:
+            ## FIXME - what's a P4 projectName ?
+            self.projectName = self.guessProjectName()
+
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                self.getBranchMappingFromGitBranches()
+            else:
+                self.getBranchMapping()
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "p4-git branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
+                print "initial parents: %s" % self.initialParents
+            for b in self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                if b != "master":
+
+                    ## FIXME
+                    b = b[len(self.projectName):]
+                self.createdBranches.add(b)
+
+        self.tz = "%+03d%02d" % (- time.timezone / 3600, ((- time.timezone % 3600) / 60))
+
+        self.importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
+                                              stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
+        self.gitOutput = self.importProcess.stdout
+        self.gitStream = self.importProcess.stdin
+        self.gitError = self.importProcess.stderr
+
+        if revision:
+            self.importHeadRevision(revision)
+        else:
+            changes = []
+
+            if len(self.changesFile) > 0:
+                output = open(self.changesFile).readlines()
+                changeSet = set()
+                for line in output:
+                    changeSet.add(int(line))
+
+                for change in changeSet:
+                    changes.append(change)
+
+                changes.sort()
+            else:
+                # catch "git p4 sync" with no new branches, in a repo that
+                # does not have any existing p4 branches
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    if not self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                        die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.")
+
+                    # The default branch is master, unless --branch is used to
+                    # specify something else.  Make sure it exists, or complain
+                    # nicely about how to use --branch.
+                    if not self.detectBranches:
+                        if not branch_exists(self.branch):
+                            if branch_arg_given:
+                                die("Error: branch %s does not exist." % self.branch)
+                            else:
+                                die("Error: no branch %s; perhaps specify one with --branch." %
+                                    self.branch)
+
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print "Getting p4 changes for %s...%s" % (', '.join(self.depotPaths),
+                                                              self.changeRange)
+                changes = p4ChangesForPaths(self.depotPaths, self.changeRange, self.changes_block_size)
+
+                if len(self.maxChanges) > 0:
+                    changes = changes[:min(int(self.maxChanges), len(changes))]
+
+            if len(changes) == 0:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print "No changes to import!"
+            else:
+                if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
+                    print "Import destination: %s" % self.branch
+
+                self.updatedBranches = set()
+
+                if not self.detectBranches:
+                    if args:
+                        # start a new branch
+                        self.initialParent = ""
+                    else:
+                        # build on a previous revision
+                        self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
+
+                self.importChanges(changes)
+
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print ""
+                    if len(self.updatedBranches) > 0:
+                        sys.stdout.write("Updated branches: ")
+                        for b in self.updatedBranches:
+                            sys.stdout.write("%s " % b)
+                        sys.stdout.write("\n")
+
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.importLabels"):
+            self.importLabels = True
+
+        if self.importLabels:
+            p4Labels = getP4Labels(self.depotPaths)
+            gitTags = getGitTags()
+
+            missingP4Labels = p4Labels - gitTags
+            self.importP4Labels(self.gitStream, missingP4Labels)
+
+        self.gitStream.close()
+        if self.importProcess.wait() != 0:
+            die("fast-import failed: %s" % self.gitError.read())
+        self.gitOutput.close()
+        self.gitError.close()
+
+        # Cleanup temporary branches created during import
+        if self.tempBranches != []:
+            for branch in self.tempBranches:
+                read_pipe("git update-ref -d %s" % branch)
+            os.rmdir(os.path.join(os.environ.get("GIT_DIR", ".git"), self.tempBranchLocation))
+
+        # Create a symbolic ref p4/HEAD pointing to p4/<branch> to allow
+        # a convenient shortcut refname "p4".
+        if self.importIntoRemotes:
+            head_ref = self.refPrefix + "HEAD"
+            if not gitBranchExists(head_ref) and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+                system(["git", "symbolic-ref", head_ref, self.branch])
+
+        return True
+
+class P4Rebase(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [
+                optparse.make_option("--import-labels", dest="importLabels", action="store_true"),
+        ]
+        self.importLabels = False
+        self.description = ("Fetches the latest revision from perforce and "
+                            + "rebases the current work (branch) against it")
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        sync = P4Sync()
+        sync.importLabels = self.importLabels
+        sync.run([])
+
+        return self.rebase()
+
+    def rebase(self):
+        if os.system("git update-index --refresh") != 0:
+            die("Some files in your working directory are modified and different than what is in your index. You can use git update-index <filename> to bring the index up-to-date or stash away all your changes with git stash.");
+        if len(read_pipe("git diff-index HEAD --")) > 0:
+            die("You have uncommitted changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
+
+        [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
+        if len(upstream) == 0:
+            die("Cannot find upstream branchpoint for rebase")
+
+        # the branchpoint may be p4/foo~3, so strip off the parent
+        upstream = re.sub("~[0-9]+$", "", upstream)
+
+        print "Rebasing the current branch onto %s" % upstream
+        oldHead = read_pipe("git rev-parse HEAD").strip()
+        system("git rebase %s" % upstream)
+        system("git diff-tree --stat --summary -M %s HEAD --" % oldHead)
+        return True
+
+class P4Clone(P4Sync):
+    def __init__(self):
+        P4Sync.__init__(self)
+        self.description = "Creates a new git repository and imports from Perforce into it"
+        self.usage = "usage: %prog [options] //depot/path[@revRange]"
+        self.options += [
+            optparse.make_option("--destination", dest="cloneDestination",
+                                 action='store', default=None,
+                                 help="where to leave result of the clone"),
+            optparse.make_option("--bare", dest="cloneBare",
+                                 action="store_true", default=False),
+        ]
+        self.cloneDestination = None
+        self.needsGit = False
+        self.cloneBare = False
+
+    def defaultDestination(self, args):
+        ## TODO: use common prefix of args?
+        depotPath = args[0]
+        depotDir = re.sub("(@[^@]*)$", "", depotPath)
+        depotDir = re.sub("(#[^#]*)$", "", depotDir)
+        depotDir = re.sub(r"\.\.\.$", "", depotDir)
+        depotDir = re.sub(r"/$", "", depotDir)
+        return os.path.split(depotDir)[1]
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        if len(args) < 1:
+            return False
+
+        if self.keepRepoPath and not self.cloneDestination:
+            sys.stderr.write("Must specify destination for --keep-path\n")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        depotPaths = args
+
+        if not self.cloneDestination and len(depotPaths) > 1:
+            self.cloneDestination = depotPaths[-1]
+            depotPaths = depotPaths[:-1]
+
+        self.cloneExclude = ["/"+p for p in self.cloneExclude]
+        for p in depotPaths:
+            if not p.startswith("//"):
+                sys.stderr.write('Depot paths must start with "//": %s\n' % p)
+                return False
+
+        if not self.cloneDestination:
+            self.cloneDestination = self.defaultDestination(args)
+
+        print "Importing from %s into %s" % (', '.join(depotPaths), self.cloneDestination)
+
+        if not os.path.exists(self.cloneDestination):
+            os.makedirs(self.cloneDestination)
+        chdir(self.cloneDestination)
+
+        init_cmd = [ "git", "init" ]
+        if self.cloneBare:
+            init_cmd.append("--bare")
+        retcode = subprocess.call(init_cmd)
+        if retcode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(retcode, init_cmd)
+
+        if not P4Sync.run(self, depotPaths):
+            return False
+
+        # create a master branch and check out a work tree
+        if gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+            system([ "git", "branch", "master", self.branch ])
+            if not self.cloneBare:
+                system([ "git", "checkout", "-f" ])
+        else:
+            print 'Not checking out any branch, use ' \
+                  '"git checkout -q -b master <branch>"'
+
+        # auto-set this variable if invoked with --use-client-spec
+        if self.useClientSpec_from_options:
+            system("git config --bool git-p4.useclientspec true")
+
+        return True
+
+class P4Branches(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [ ]
+        self.description = ("Shows the git branches that hold imports and their "
+                            + "corresponding perforce depot paths")
+        self.verbose = False
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        if originP4BranchesExist():
+            createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin()
+
+        cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
+        cmdline += " --remotes"
+
+        for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
+            line = line.strip()
+
+            if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
+                continue
+            branch = line
+
+            log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit("refs/remotes/%s" % branch)
+            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+
+            print "%s <= %s (%s)" % (branch, ",".join(settings["depot-paths"]), settings["change"])
+        return True
+
+class HelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
+    def __init__(self):
+        optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter.__init__(self)
+
+    def format_description(self, description):
+        if description:
+            return description + "\n"
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+def printUsage(commands):
+    print "usage: %s <command> [options]" % sys.argv[0]
+    print ""
+    print "valid commands: %s" % ", ".join(commands)
+    print ""
+    print "Try %s <command> --help for command specific help." % sys.argv[0]
+    print ""
+
+commands = {
+    "debug" : P4Debug,
+    "submit" : P4Submit,
+    "commit" : P4Submit,
+    "sync" : P4Sync,
+    "rebase" : P4Rebase,
+    "clone" : P4Clone,
+    "rollback" : P4RollBack,
+    "branches" : P4Branches
+}
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv[1:]) == 0:
+        printUsage(commands.keys())
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    cmdName = sys.argv[1]
+    try:
+        klass = commands[cmdName]
+        cmd = klass()
+    except KeyError:
+        print "unknown command %s" % cmdName
+        print ""
+        printUsage(commands.keys())
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    options = cmd.options
+    cmd.gitdir = os.environ.get("GIT_DIR", None)
+
+    args = sys.argv[2:]
+
+    options.append(optparse.make_option("--verbose", "-v", dest="verbose", action="store_true"))
+    if cmd.needsGit:
+        options.append(optparse.make_option("--git-dir", dest="gitdir"))
+
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(cmd.usage.replace("%prog", "%prog " + cmdName),
+                                   options,
+                                   description = cmd.description,
+                                   formatter = HelpFormatter())
+
+    (cmd, args) = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[2:], cmd);
+    global verbose
+    verbose = cmd.verbose
+    if cmd.needsGit:
+        if cmd.gitdir == None:
+            cmd.gitdir = os.path.abspath(".git")
+            if not isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir):
+                cmd.gitdir = read_pipe("git rev-parse --git-dir").strip()
+                if os.path.exists(cmd.gitdir):
+                    cdup = read_pipe("git rev-parse --show-cdup").strip()
+                    if len(cdup) > 0:
+                        chdir(cdup);
+
+        if not isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir):
+            if isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir + "/.git"):
+                cmd.gitdir += "/.git"
+            else:
+                die("fatal: cannot locate git repository at %s" % cmd.gitdir)
+
+        os.environ["GIT_DIR"] = cmd.gitdir
+
+    if not cmd.run(args):
+        parser.print_help()
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/git-parse-remote.sh b/git-parse-remote.sh
index b24119d69c..d3c39980f3 100644
--- a/git-parse-remote.sh
+++ b/git-parse-remote.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This is a shell library to calculate the remote repository and
+# upstream branch that should be pulled by "git pull" from the current
+# branch.
 
 # git-ls-remote could be called from outside a git managed repository;
 # this would fail in that case and would issue an error message.
@@ -54,37 +56,46 @@ get_remote_merge_branch () {
 error_on_missing_default_upstream () {
 	cmd="$1"
 	op_type="$2"
-	op_prep="$3"
+	op_prep="$3" # FIXME: op_prep is no longer used
 	example="$4"
 	branch_name=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
+	display_branch_name="${branch_name#refs/heads/}"
+	# If there's only one remote, use that in the suggestion
+	remote="$(gettext "<remote>")"
+	branch="$(gettext "<branch>")"
+	if test $(git remote | wc -l) = 1
+	then
+		remote=$(git remote)
+	fi
+
 	if test -z "$branch_name"
 	then
-		echo "You are not currently on a branch, so I cannot use any
-'branch.<branchname>.merge' in your configuration file.
-Please specify which branch you want to $op_type $op_prep on the command
-line and try again (e.g. '$example').
-See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+		gettextln "You are not currently on a branch."
 	else
-		echo "You asked me to $cmd without telling me which branch you
-want to $op_type $op_prep, and 'branch.${branch_name#refs/heads/}.merge' in
-your configuration file does not tell me, either. Please
-specify which branch you want to use on the command line and
-try again (e.g. '$example').
-See git-${cmd}(1) for details.
-
-If you often $op_type $op_prep the same branch, you may want to
-use something like the following in your configuration file:
-    [branch \"${branch_name#refs/heads/}\"]
-    remote = <nickname>
-    merge = <remote-ref>"
-		test rebase = "$op_type" &&
-		echo "    rebase = true"
-		echo "
-    [remote \"<nickname>\"]
-    url = <url>
-    fetch = <refspec>
-
-See git-config(1) for details."
+		gettextln "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+	fi
+	case "$op_type" in
+	rebase)
+		gettextln "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+		;;
+	merge)
+		gettextln "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "BUG: unknown operation type: $op_type"
+		exit 1
+		;;
+	esac
+	eval_gettextln "See git-\${cmd}(1) for details."
+	echo
+	echo "    $example"
+	echo
+	if test -n "$branch_name"
+	then
+		gettextln "If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+		echo
+		echo "    git branch --set-upstream-to=$remote/$branch $display_branch_name"
+		echo
 	fi
 	exit 1
 }
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index d8b64d7a67..0000000000
--- a/git-pull.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,286 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
-#
-# Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.
-
-USAGE='[-n | --no-stat] [--[no-]commit] [--[no-]squash] [--[no-]ff] [-s strategy]... [<fetch-options>] <repo> <head>...'
-LONG_USAGE='Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.'
-SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
-OPTIONS_SPEC=
-. git-sh-setup
-. git-sh-i18n
-set_reflog_action "pull${1+ $*}"
-require_work_tree_exists
-cd_to_toplevel
-
-
-die_conflict () {
-    git diff-index --cached --name-status -r --ignore-submodules HEAD --
-    if [ $(git config --bool --get advice.resolveConflict || echo true) = "true" ]; then
-	die "$(gettext "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.
-Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'
-as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'.")"
-    else
-	die "$(gettext "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.")"
-    fi
-}
-
-die_merge () {
-    if [ $(git config --bool --get advice.resolveConflict || echo true) = "true" ]; then
-	die "$(gettext "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).
-Please, commit your changes before you can merge.")"
-    else
-	die "$(gettext "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).")"
-    fi
-}
-
-test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" || die_conflict
-test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && die_merge
-
-strategy_args= diffstat= no_commit= squash= no_ff= ff_only=
-log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules=
-merge_args=
-curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
-curr_branch_short="${curr_branch#refs/heads/}"
-rebase=$(git config --bool branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
-if test -z "$rebase"
-then
-	rebase=$(git config --bool pull.rebase)
-fi
-dry_run=
-while :
-do
-	case "$1" in
-	-q|--quiet)
-		verbosity="$verbosity -q" ;;
-	-v|--verbose)
-		verbosity="$verbosity -v" ;;
-	--progress)
-		progress=--progress ;;
-	--no-progress)
-		progress=--no-progress ;;
-	-n|--no-stat|--no-summary)
-		diffstat=--no-stat ;;
-	--stat|--summary)
-		diffstat=--stat ;;
-	--log|--no-log)
-		log_arg=$1 ;;
-	--no-c|--no-co|--no-com|--no-comm|--no-commi|--no-commit)
-		no_commit=--no-commit ;;
-	--c|--co|--com|--comm|--commi|--commit)
-		no_commit=--commit ;;
-	--sq|--squ|--squa|--squas|--squash)
-		squash=--squash ;;
-	--no-sq|--no-squ|--no-squa|--no-squas|--no-squash)
-		squash=--no-squash ;;
-	--ff)
-		no_ff=--ff ;;
-	--no-ff)
-		no_ff=--no-ff ;;
-	--ff-only)
-		ff_only=--ff-only ;;
-	-s=*|--s=*|--st=*|--str=*|--stra=*|--strat=*|--strate=*|\
-		--strateg=*|--strategy=*|\
-	-s|--s|--st|--str|--stra|--strat|--strate|--strateg|--strategy)
-		case "$#,$1" in
-		*,*=*)
-			strategy=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'` ;;
-		1,*)
-			usage ;;
-		*)
-			strategy="$2"
-			shift ;;
-		esac
-		strategy_args="${strategy_args}-s $strategy "
-		;;
-	-X*)
-		case "$#,$1" in
-		1,-X)
-			usage ;;
-		*,-X)
-			xx="-X $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$2")"
-			shift ;;
-		*,*)
-			xx=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1") ;;
-		esac
-		merge_args="$merge_args$xx "
-		;;
-	-r|--r|--re|--reb|--reba|--rebas|--rebase)
-		rebase=true
-		;;
-	--no-r|--no-re|--no-reb|--no-reba|--no-rebas|--no-rebase)
-		rebase=false
-		;;
-	--recurse-submodules)
-		recurse_submodules=--recurse-submodules
-		;;
-	--recurse-submodules=*)
-		recurse_submodules="$1"
-		;;
-	--no-recurse-submodules)
-		recurse_submodules=--no-recurse-submodules
-		;;
-	--d|--dr|--dry|--dry-|--dry-r|--dry-ru|--dry-run)
-		dry_run=--dry-run
-		;;
-	-h|--help-all)
-		usage
-		;;
-	*)
-		# Pass thru anything that may be meant for fetch.
-		break
-		;;
-	esac
-	shift
-done
-
-error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
-	exec >&2
-	for opt
-	do
-		case "$opt" in
-		-t|--t|--ta|--tag|--tags)
-			echo "Fetching tags only, you probably meant:"
-			echo "  git fetch --tags"
-			exit 1
-		esac
-	done
-
-	if test true = "$rebase"
-	then
-		op_type=rebase
-		op_prep=against
-	else
-		op_type=merge
-		op_prep=with
-	fi
-
-	curr_branch=${curr_branch#refs/heads/}
-	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.merge")
-	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.remote")
-
-	if [ $# -gt 1 ]; then
-		if [ "$rebase" = true ]; then
-			printf "There is no candidate for rebasing against "
-		else
-			printf "There are no candidates for merging "
-		fi
-		echo "among the refs that you just fetched."
-		echo "Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no"
-		echo "matches on the remote end."
-	elif [ $# -gt 0 ] && [ "$1" != "$remote" ]; then
-		echo "You asked to pull from the remote '$1', but did not specify"
-		echo "a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote"
-		echo "for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
-	elif [ -z "$curr_branch" -o -z "$upstream" ]; then
-		. git-parse-remote
-		error_on_missing_default_upstream "pull" $op_type $op_prep \
-			"git pull <repository> <refspec>"
-	else
-		echo "Your configuration specifies to $op_type $op_prep the ref '${upstream#refs/heads/}'"
-		echo "from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
-	fi
-	exit 1
-}
-
-test true = "$rebase" && {
-	if ! git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD >/dev/null
-	then
-		# On an unborn branch
-		if test -f "$GIT_DIR/index"
-		then
-			die "$(gettext "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index")"
-		fi
-	else
-		require_clean_work_tree "pull with rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
-	fi
-	oldremoteref= &&
-	. git-parse-remote &&
-	remoteref="$(get_remote_merge_branch "$@" 2>/dev/null)" &&
-	oldremoteref="$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$remoteref")" &&
-	for reflog in $(git rev-list -g $remoteref 2>/dev/null)
-	do
-		if test "$reflog" = "$(git merge-base $reflog $curr_branch)"
-		then
-			oldremoteref="$reflog"
-			break
-		fi
-	done
-}
-orig_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
-git fetch $verbosity $progress $dry_run $recurse_submodules --update-head-ok "$@" || exit 1
-test -z "$dry_run" || exit 0
-
-curr_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
-if test -n "$orig_head" && test "$curr_head" != "$orig_head"
-then
-	# The fetch involved updating the current branch.
-
-	# The working tree and the index file is still based on the
-	# $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
-	# First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-
-	eval_gettextln "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.
-Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from
-Warning: commit \$orig_head." >&2
-	git update-index -q --refresh
-	git read-tree -u -m "$orig_head" "$curr_head" ||
-		die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot fast-forward your working tree.
-After making sure that you saved anything precious from
-$ git diff \$orig_head
-output, run
-$ git reset --hard
-to recover.")"
-
-fi
-
-merge_head=$(sed -e '/	not-for-merge	/d' \
-	-e 's/	.*//' "$GIT_DIR"/FETCH_HEAD | \
-	tr '\012' ' ')
-
-case "$merge_head" in
-'')
-	error_on_no_merge_candidates "$@"
-	;;
-?*' '?*)
-	if test -z "$orig_head"
-	then
-		die "$(gettext "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head")"
-	fi
-	if test true = "$rebase"
-	then
-		die "$(gettext "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches")"
-	fi
-	;;
-esac
-
-if test -z "$orig_head"
-then
-	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head" &&
-	git read-tree -m -u HEAD || exit 1
-	exit
-fi
-
-if test true = "$rebase"
-then
-	o=$(git show-branch --merge-base $curr_branch $merge_head $oldremoteref)
-	if test "$oldremoteref" = "$o"
-	then
-		unset oldremoteref
-	fi
-fi
-
-merge_name=$(git fmt-merge-msg $log_arg <"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD") || exit
-case "$rebase" in
-true)
-	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args"
-	eval="$eval --onto $merge_head ${oldremoteref:-$merge_head}"
-	;;
-*)
-	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
-	eval="$eval  $log_arg $strategy_args $merge_args $verbosity $progress"
-	eval="$eval \"\$merge_name\" HEAD $merge_head"
-	;;
-esac
-eval "exec $eval"
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.sh b/git-quiltimport.sh
index 9a6ba2b987..6d3a88decd 100755
--- a/git-quiltimport.sh
+++ b/git-quiltimport.sh
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git quiltimport [options]
 --
 n,dry-run     dry run
 author=       author name and email address for patches without any
-patches=      path to the quilt series and patches
+patches=      path to the quilt patches
+series=       path to the quilt series file
 "
 SUBDIRECTORY_ON=Yes
 . git-sh-setup
@@ -26,6 +28,10 @@ do
 		shift
 		QUILT_PATCHES="$1"
 		;;
+	--series)
+		shift
+		QUILT_SERIES="$1"
+		;;
 	--)
 		shift
 		break;;
@@ -52,6 +58,13 @@ if ! [ -d "$QUILT_PATCHES" ] ; then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
+# Quilt series file
+: ${QUILT_SERIES:=$QUILT_PATCHES/series}
+if ! [ -e "$QUILT_SERIES" ] ; then
+	echo "The \"$QUILT_SERIES\" file does not exist."
+	exit 1
+fi
+
 # Temporary directories
 tmp_dir="$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply
 tmp_msg="$tmp_dir/msg"
@@ -59,7 +72,7 @@ tmp_patch="$tmp_dir/patch"
 tmp_info="$tmp_dir/info"
 
 
-# Find the intial commit
+# Find the initial commit
 commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
 
 mkdir $tmp_dir || exit 2
@@ -134,5 +147,5 @@ do
 		commit=$( (echo "$SUBJECT"; echo; cat "$tmp_msg") | git commit-tree $tree -p $commit) &&
 		git update-ref -m "quiltimport: $patch_name" HEAD $commit || exit 4
 	fi
-done 3<"$QUILT_PATCHES/series"
+done 3<"$QUILT_SERIES"
 rm -rf $tmp_dir || exit 5
diff --git a/git-rebase--am.sh b/git-rebase--am.sh
index c815a2412c..375239341f 100644
--- a/git-rebase--am.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--am.sh
@@ -1,30 +1,101 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This shell script fragment is sourced by git-rebase to implement
+# its default, fast, patch-based, non-interactive mode.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-. git-sh-setup
+# The whole contents of this file is run by dot-sourcing it from
+# inside a shell function.  It used to be that "return"s we see
+# below were not inside any function, and expected to return
+# to the function that dot-sourced us.
+#
+# However, older (9.x) versions of FreeBSD /bin/sh misbehave on such a
+# construct and continue to run the statements that follow such a "return".
+# As a work-around, we introduce an extra layer of a function
+# here, and immediately call it after defining it.
+git_rebase__am () {
 
 case "$action" in
 continue)
-	git am --resolved --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
+	git am --resolved --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" \
+		${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} &&
 	move_to_original_branch
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 skip)
 	git am --skip --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
 	move_to_original_branch
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 esac
 
-test -n "$rebase_root" && root_flag=--root
+if test -z "$rebase_root"
+	# this is now equivalent to ! -z "$upstream"
+then
+	revisions=$upstream...$orig_head
+else
+	revisions=$onto...$orig_head
+fi
+
+ret=0
+if test -n "$keep_empty"
+then
+	# we have to do this the hard way.  git format-patch completely squashes
+	# empty commits and even if it didn't the format doesn't really lend
+	# itself well to recording empty patches.  fortunately, cherry-pick
+	# makes this easy
+	git cherry-pick ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} --allow-empty \
+		--right-only "$revisions" \
+		${restrict_revision+^$restrict_revision}
+	ret=$?
+else
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+
+	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --cherry-pick --right-only \
+		--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ --no-renames --no-cover-letter \
+		"$revisions" ${restrict_revision+^$restrict_revision} \
+		>"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	if test 0 != $ret
+	then
+		rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+		case "$head_name" in
+		refs/heads/*)
+			git checkout -q "$head_name"
+			;;
+		*)
+			git checkout -q "$orig_head"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+		git encountered an error while preparing the patches to replay
+		these revisions:
+
+		    $revisions
+
+		As a result, git cannot rebase them.
+		EOF
+		return $ret
+	fi
+
+	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" \
+		${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} <"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+fi
+
+if test 0 != $ret
+then
+	test -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
+	return $ret
+fi
 
-git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
-	--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ \
-	--no-renames $root_flag "$revisions" |
-git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
 move_to_original_branch
-ret=$?
-test 0 != $ret -a -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
-exit $ret
+
+}
+# ... and then we call the whole thing.
+git_rebase__am
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
index 5812222eb9..05f22e43cc 100644
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This shell script fragment is sourced by git-rebase to implement
+# its interactive mode.  "git rebase --interactive" makes it easy
+# to fix up commits in the middle of a series and rearrange commits.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2006 Johannes E. Schindelin
-
-# SHORT DESCRIPTION
-#
-# This script makes it easy to fix up commits in the middle of a series,
-# and rearrange commits.
 #
 # The original idea comes from Eric W. Biederman, in
 # http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/22407
-
-. git-sh-setup
-
+#
 # The file containing rebase commands, comments, and empty lines.
 # This file is created by "git rebase -i" then edited by the user.  As
 # the lines are processed, they are removed from the front of this
@@ -59,6 +54,9 @@ rewritten="$state_dir"/rewritten
 
 dropped="$state_dir"/dropped
 
+end="$state_dir"/end
+msgnum="$state_dir"/msgnum
+
 # A script to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 # GIT_AUTHOR_DATE that will be used for the commit that is currently
 # being rebased.
@@ -79,9 +77,25 @@ amend="$state_dir"/amend
 rewritten_list="$state_dir"/rewritten-list
 rewritten_pending="$state_dir"/rewritten-pending
 
+# Work around Git for Windows' Bash whose "read" does not strip CRLF
+# and leaves CR at the end instead.
+cr=$(printf "\015")
+
+strategy_args=${strategy:+--strategy=$strategy}
+test -n "$strategy_opts" &&
+eval '
+	for strategy_opt in '"$strategy_opts"'
+	do
+		strategy_args="$strategy_args -X$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "${strategy_opt#--}")"
+	done
+'
+
 GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP="$resolvemsg"
 export GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP
 
+comment_char=$(git config --get core.commentchar 2>/dev/null | cut -c1)
+: ${comment_char:=#}
+
 warn () {
 	printf '%s\n' "$*" >&2
 }
@@ -107,8 +121,10 @@ mark_action_done () {
 	sed -e 1q < "$todo" >> "$done"
 	sed -e 1d < "$todo" >> "$todo".new
 	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
-	new_count=$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$done")
-	total=$(($new_count+$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$todo")))
+	new_count=$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$done" | wc -l)
+	echo $new_count >"$msgnum"
+	total=$(($new_count + $(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | wc -l)))
+	echo $total >"$end"
 	if test "$last_count" != "$new_count"
 	then
 		last_count=$new_count
@@ -117,6 +133,43 @@ mark_action_done () {
 	fi
 }
 
+# Put the last action marked done at the beginning of the todo list
+# again. If there has not been an action marked done yet, leave the list of
+# items on the todo list unchanged.
+reschedule_last_action () {
+	tail -n 1 "$done" | cat - "$todo" >"$todo".new
+	sed -e \$d <"$done" >"$done".new
+	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
+	mv -f "$done".new "$done"
+}
+
+append_todo_help () {
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+Commands:
+ p, pick = use commit
+ r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+ e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+ s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+ f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+ x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+ d, drop = remove commit
+
+These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+
+EOF
+	if test $(get_missing_commit_check_level) = error
+	then
+		git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+Do not remove any line. Use 'drop' explicitly to remove a commit.
+EOF
+	else
+		git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+EOF
+	fi
+}
+
 make_patch () {
 	sha1_and_parents="$(git rev-list --parents -1 "$1")"
 	case "$sha1_and_parents" in
@@ -139,7 +192,6 @@ make_patch () {
 die_with_patch () {
 	echo "$1" > "$state_dir"/stopped-sha
 	make_patch "$1"
-	git rerere
 	die "$2"
 }
 
@@ -147,9 +199,10 @@ exit_with_patch () {
 	echo "$1" > "$state_dir"/stopped-sha
 	make_patch $1
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD > "$amend"
+	gpg_sign_opt_quoted=${gpg_sign_opt:+$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$gpg_sign_opt")}
 	warn "You can amend the commit now, with"
 	warn
-	warn "	git commit --amend"
+	warn "	git commit --amend $gpg_sign_opt_quoted"
 	warn
 	warn "Once you are satisfied with your changes, run"
 	warn
@@ -164,7 +217,20 @@ die_abort () {
 }
 
 has_action () {
-	sane_grep '^[^#]' "$1" >/dev/null
+	test -n "$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$1")"
+}
+
+is_empty_commit() {
+	tree=$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$1"^{tree} 2>/dev/null ||
+		die "$1: not a commit that can be picked")
+	ptree=$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$1"^^{tree} 2>/dev/null ||
+		ptree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904)
+	test "$tree" = "$ptree"
+}
+
+is_merge_commit()
+{
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$1"^2 >/dev/null 2>&1
 }
 
 # Run command with GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
@@ -191,12 +257,27 @@ git_sequence_editor () {
 
 pick_one () {
 	ff=--ff
+
 	case "$1" in -n) sha1=$2; ff= ;; *) sha1=$1 ;; esac
 	case "$force_rebase" in '') ;; ?*) ff= ;; esac
 	output git rev-parse --verify $sha1 || die "Invalid commit name: $sha1"
+
+	if is_empty_commit "$sha1"
+	then
+		empty_args="--allow-empty"
+	fi
+
 	test -d "$rewritten" &&
 		pick_one_preserving_merges "$@" && return
-	output git cherry-pick $ff "$@"
+	output eval git cherry-pick \
+			${gpg_sign_opt:+$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$gpg_sign_opt")} \
+			"$strategy_args" $empty_args $ff "$@"
+
+	# If cherry-pick dies it leaves the to-be-picked commit unrecorded. Reschedule
+	# previous task so this commit is not lost.
+	ret=$?
+	case "$ret" in [01]) ;; *) reschedule_last_action ;; esac
+	return $ret
 }
 
 pick_one_preserving_merges () {
@@ -297,9 +378,10 @@ pick_one_preserving_merges () {
 			msg_content="$(commit_message $sha1)"
 			# No point in merging the first parent, that's HEAD
 			new_parents=${new_parents# $first_parent}
-			if ! do_with_author output \
-				git merge --no-ff ${strategy:+-s $strategy} -m \
-					"$msg_content" $new_parents
+			merge_args="--no-log --no-ff"
+			if ! do_with_author output eval \
+			'git merge ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} \
+				$merge_args $strategy_args -m "$msg_content" $new_parents'
 			then
 				printf "%s\n" "$msg_content" > "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
 				die_with_patch $sha1 "Error redoing merge $sha1"
@@ -307,7 +389,9 @@ pick_one_preserving_merges () {
 			echo "$sha1 $(git rev-parse HEAD^0)" >> "$rewritten_list"
 			;;
 		*)
-			output git cherry-pick "$@" ||
+			output eval git cherry-pick \
+				${gpg_sign_opt:+$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$gpg_sign_opt")} \
+				"$strategy_args" "$@" ||
 				die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not pick $sha1"
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -328,10 +412,10 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 	if test -f "$squash_msg"; then
 		mv "$squash_msg" "$squash_msg".bak || exit
 		count=$(($(sed -n \
-			-e "1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
+			-e "1s/^. This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
 			-e "q" < "$squash_msg".bak)+1))
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of $count commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of $count commits."
 			sed -e 1d -e '2,/^./{
 				/^$/d
 			}' <"$squash_msg".bak
@@ -340,8 +424,8 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 		commit_message HEAD > "$fixup_msg" || die "Cannot write $fixup_msg"
 		count=2
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of 2 commits."
-			echo "# The first commit's message is:"
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of 2 commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The first commit's message is:"
 			echo
 			cat "$fixup_msg"
 		} >"$squash_msg"
@@ -350,21 +434,22 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 	squash)
 		rm -f "$fixup_msg"
 		echo
-		echo "# This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
 		echo
 		commit_message $2
 		;;
 	fixup)
 		echo
-		echo "# The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
 		echo
-		commit_message $2 | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+		# Change the space after the comment character to TAB:
+		commit_message $2 | git stripspace --comment-lines | sed -e 's/ /	/'
 		;;
 	esac >>"$squash_msg"
 }
 
 peek_next_command () {
-	sed -n -e "/^#/d" -e '/^$/d' -e "s/ .*//p" -e "q" < "$todo"
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | sed -n -e 's/ .*//p' -e q
 }
 
 # A squash/fixup has failed.  Prepare the long version of the squash
@@ -402,28 +487,54 @@ record_in_rewritten() {
 	esac
 }
 
+do_pick () {
+	if test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$squash_onto"
+	then
+		# Set the correct commit message and author info on the
+		# sentinel root before cherry-picking the original changes
+		# without committing (-n).  Finally, update the sentinel again
+		# to include these changes.  If the cherry-pick results in a
+		# conflict, this means our behaviour is similar to a standard
+		# failed cherry-pick during rebase, with a dirty index to
+		# resolve before manually running git commit --amend then git
+		# rebase --continue.
+		git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message --amend \
+			   --no-post-rewrite -n -q -C $1 &&
+			pick_one -n $1 &&
+			git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message \
+				   --amend --no-post-rewrite -n -q -C $1 \
+				   ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
+			die_with_patch $1 "Could not apply $1... $2"
+	else
+		pick_one $1 ||
+			die_with_patch $1 "Could not apply $1... $2"
+	fi
+}
+
 do_next () {
-	rm -f "$msg" "$author_script" "$amend" || exit
+	rm -f "$msg" "$author_script" "$amend" "$state_dir"/stopped-sha || exit
 	read -r command sha1 rest < "$todo"
 	case "$command" in
-	'#'*|''|noop)
+	"$comment_char"*|''|noop|drop|d)
+		mark_action_done
+		;;
+	"$cr")
+		# Work around CR left by "read" (e.g. with Git for Windows' Bash).
 		mark_action_done
 		;;
 	pick|p)
 		comment_for_reflog pick
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
 		record_in_rewritten $sha1
 		;;
 	reword|r)
 		comment_for_reflog reword
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
-		git commit --amend --no-post-rewrite || {
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
+		git commit --amend --no-post-rewrite ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} || {
 			warn "Could not amend commit after successfully picking $sha1... $rest"
 			warn "This is most likely due to an empty commit message, or the pre-commit hook"
 			warn "failed. If the pre-commit hook failed, you may need to resolve the issue before"
@@ -436,9 +547,9 @@ do_next () {
 		comment_for_reflog edit
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
-		warn "Stopped at $sha1... $rest"
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
+		sha1_abbrev=$(git rev-parse --short $sha1)
+		warn "Stopped at $sha1_abbrev... $rest"
 		exit_with_patch $sha1 0
 		;;
 	squash|s|fixup|f)
@@ -460,25 +571,31 @@ do_next () {
 		author_script_content=$(get_author_ident_from_commit HEAD)
 		echo "$author_script_content" > "$author_script"
 		eval "$author_script_content"
-		output git reset --soft HEAD^
-		pick_one -n $sha1 || die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+		if ! pick_one -n $sha1
+		then
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >"$amend"
+			die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+		fi
 		case "$(peek_next_command)" in
 		squash|s|fixup|f)
 			# This is an intermediate commit; its message will only be
 			# used in case of trouble.  So use the long version:
-			do_with_author output git commit --no-verify -F "$squash_msg" ||
+			do_with_author output git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$squash_msg" \
+				${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
 				die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			;;
 		*)
 			# This is the final command of this squash/fixup group
 			if test -f "$fixup_msg"
 			then
-				do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$fixup_msg" ||
+				do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$fixup_msg" \
+					${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
 					die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			else
 				cp "$squash_msg" "$GIT_DIR"/SQUASH_MSG || exit
 				rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
-				do_with_author git commit --no-verify -e ||
+				do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$GIT_DIR"/SQUASH_MSG -e \
+					${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
 					die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			fi
 			rm -f "$squash_msg" "$fixup_msg"
@@ -490,10 +607,7 @@ do_next () {
 		read -r command rest < "$todo"
 		mark_action_done
 		printf 'Executing: %s\n' "$rest"
-		# "exec" command doesn't take a sha1 in the todo-list.
-		# => can't just use $sha1 here.
-		git rev-parse --verify HEAD > "$state_dir"/stopped-sha
-		${SHELL:-@SHELL_PATH@} -c "$rest" # Actual execution
+		"${SHELL:-@SHELL_PATH@}" -c "$rest" # Actual execution
 		status=$?
 		# Run in subshell because require_clean_work_tree can die.
 		dirty=f
@@ -508,6 +622,10 @@ do_next () {
 			warn
 			warn "	git rebase --continue"
 			warn
+			if test $status -eq 127		# command not found
+			then
+				status=1
+			fi
 			exit "$status"
 		elif test "$dirty" = t
 		then
@@ -522,22 +640,22 @@ do_next () {
 		;;
 	*)
 		warn "Unknown command: $command $sha1 $rest"
+		fixtodo="Please fix this using 'git rebase --edit-todo'."
 		if git rev-parse --verify -q "$sha1" >/dev/null
 		then
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Please fix this in the file $todo."
+			die_with_patch $sha1 "$fixtodo"
 		else
-			die "Please fix this in the file $todo."
+			die "$fixtodo"
 		fi
 		;;
 	esac
 	test -s "$todo" && return
 
 	comment_for_reflog finish &&
-	shortonto=$(git rev-parse --short $onto) &&
 	newhead=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	case $head_name in
 	refs/*)
-		message="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $head_name onto $shortonto" &&
+		message="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $head_name onto $onto" &&
 		git update-ref -m "$message" $head_name $newhead $orig_head &&
 		git symbolic-ref \
 		  -m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: returning to $head_name" \
@@ -552,22 +670,21 @@ do_next () {
 		git notes copy --for-rewrite=rebase < "$rewritten_list" ||
 		true # we don't care if this copying failed
 	} &&
-	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite &&
-		test -s "$rewritten_list"; then
-		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase < "$rewritten_list"
+	hook="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/post-rewrite)"
+	if test -x "$hook" && test -s "$rewritten_list"; then
+		"$hook" rebase < "$rewritten_list"
 		true # we don't care if this hook failed
 	fi &&
-	rm -rf "$state_dir" &&
-	git gc --auto &&
 	warn "Successfully rebased and updated $head_name."
 
-	exit
+	return 1 # not failure; just to break the do_rest loop
 }
 
+# can only return 0, when the infinite loop breaks
 do_rest () {
 	while :
 	do
-		do_next
+		do_next || break
 	done
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +707,7 @@ skip_unnecessary_picks () {
 				;;
 			esac
 			;;
-		3,#*|3,)
+		3,"$comment_char"*|3,)
 			# copy comments
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -608,19 +725,64 @@ skip_unnecessary_picks () {
 	die "Could not skip unnecessary pick commands"
 }
 
+transform_todo_ids () {
+	while read -r command rest
+	do
+		case "$command" in
+		"$comment_char"* | exec)
+			# Be careful for oddball commands like 'exec'
+			# that do not have a SHA-1 at the beginning of $rest.
+			;;
+		*)
+			sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$@" ${rest%%[	 ]*}) &&
+			rest="$sha1 ${rest#*[	 ]}"
+			;;
+		esac
+		printf '%s\n' "$command${rest:+ }$rest"
+	done <"$todo" >"$todo.new" &&
+	mv -f "$todo.new" "$todo"
+}
+
+expand_todo_ids() {
+	transform_todo_ids
+}
+
+collapse_todo_ids() {
+	transform_todo_ids --short
+}
+
 # Rearrange the todo list that has both "pick sha1 msg" and
 # "pick sha1 fixup!/squash! msg" appears in it so that the latter
 # comes immediately after the former, and change "pick" to
 # "fixup"/"squash".
+#
+# Note that if the config has specified a custom instruction format
+# each log message will be re-retrieved in order to normalize the
+# autosquash arrangement
 rearrange_squash () {
 	# extract fixup!/squash! lines and resolve any referenced sha1's
 	while read -r pick sha1 message
 	do
+		test -z "${format}" || message=$(git log -n 1 --format="%s" ${sha1})
 		case "$message" in
 		"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
 			action="${message%%!*}"
-			rest="${message#*! }"
-			echo "$sha1 $action $rest"
+			rest=$message
+			prefix=
+			# skip all squash! or fixup! (but save for later)
+			while :
+			do
+				case "$rest" in
+				"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
+					prefix="$prefix${rest%%!*},"
+					rest="${rest#*! }"
+					;;
+				*)
+					break
+					;;
+				esac
+			done
+			printf '%s %s %s %s\n' "$sha1" "$action" "$prefix" "$rest"
 			# if it's a single word, try to resolve to a full sha1 and
 			# emit a second copy. This allows us to match on both message
 			# and on sha1 prefix
@@ -629,7 +791,7 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 				if test -n "$fullsha"; then
 					# prefix the action to uniquely identify this line as
 					# intended for full sha1 match
-					echo "$sha1 +$action $fullsha"
+					echo "$sha1 +$action $prefix $fullsha"
 				fi
 			fi
 		esac
@@ -643,8 +805,9 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 		*" $sha1 "*) continue ;;
 		esac
 		printf '%s\n' "$pick $sha1 $message"
+		test -z "${format}" || message=$(git log -n 1 --format="%s" ${sha1})
 		used="$used$sha1 "
-		while read -r squash action msg_content
+		while read -r squash action msg_prefix msg_content
 		do
 			case " $used" in
 			*" $squash "*) continue ;;
@@ -660,7 +823,13 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 				case "$message" in "$msg_content"*) emit=1;; esac ;;
 			esac
 			if test $emit = 1; then
-				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash $action! $msg_content"
+				if test -n "${format}"
+				then
+					msg_content=$(git log -n 1 --format="${format}" ${squash})
+				else
+					msg_content="$(echo "$msg_prefix" | sed "s/,/! /g")$msg_content"
+				fi
+				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash $msg_content"
 				used="$used$squash "
 			fi
 		done <"$1.sq"
@@ -669,23 +838,234 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 	rm -f "$1.sq" "$1.rearranged"
 }
 
+# Add commands after a pick or after a squash/fixup serie
+# in the todo list.
+add_exec_commands () {
+	{
+		first=t
+		while read -r insn rest
+		do
+			case $insn in
+			pick)
+				test -n "$first" ||
+				printf "%s" "$cmd"
+				;;
+			esac
+			printf "%s %s\n" "$insn" "$rest"
+			first=
+		done
+		printf "%s" "$cmd"
+	} <"$1" >"$1.new" &&
+	mv "$1.new" "$1"
+}
+
+# Check if the SHA-1 passed as an argument is a
+# correct one, if not then print $2 in "$todo".badsha
+# $1: the SHA-1 to test
+# $2: the line number of the input
+# $3: the input filename
+check_commit_sha () {
+	badsha=0
+	if test -z "$1"
+	then
+		badsha=1
+	else
+		sha1_verif="$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet $1^{commit})"
+		if test -z "$sha1_verif"
+		then
+			badsha=1
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	if test $badsha -ne 0
+	then
+		line="$(sed -n -e "${2}p" "$3")"
+		warn "Warning: the SHA-1 is missing or isn't" \
+			"a commit in the following line:"
+		warn " - $line"
+		warn
+	fi
+
+	return $badsha
+}
+
+# prints the bad commits and bad commands
+# from the todolist in stdin
+check_bad_cmd_and_sha () {
+	retval=0
+	lineno=0
+	while read -r command rest
+	do
+		lineno=$(( $lineno + 1 ))
+		case $command in
+		"$comment_char"*|''|noop|x|exec)
+			# Doesn't expect a SHA-1
+			;;
+		"$cr")
+			# Work around CR left by "read" (e.g. with Git for
+			# Windows' Bash).
+			;;
+		pick|p|drop|d|reword|r|edit|e|squash|s|fixup|f)
+			if ! check_commit_sha "${rest%%[ 	]*}" "$lineno" "$1"
+			then
+				retval=1
+			fi
+			;;
+		*)
+			line="$(sed -n -e "${lineno}p" "$1")"
+			warn "Warning: the command isn't recognized" \
+				"in the following line:"
+			warn " - $line"
+			warn
+			retval=1
+			;;
+		esac
+	done <"$1"
+	return $retval
+}
+
+# Print the list of the SHA-1 of the commits
+# from stdin to stdout
+todo_list_to_sha_list () {
+	git stripspace --strip-comments |
+	while read -r command sha1 rest
+	do
+		case $command in
+		"$comment_char"*|''|noop|x|"exec")
+			;;
+		*)
+			long_sha=$(git rev-list --no-walk "$sha1" 2>/dev/null)
+			printf "%s\n" "$long_sha"
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# Use warn for each line in stdin
+warn_lines () {
+	while read -r line
+	do
+		warn " - $line"
+	done
+}
+
+# Switch to the branch in $into and notify it in the reflog
+checkout_onto () {
+	GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $onto_name"
+	output git checkout $onto || die_abort "could not detach HEAD"
+	git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
+}
+
+get_missing_commit_check_level () {
+	check_level=$(git config --get rebase.missingCommitsCheck)
+	check_level=${check_level:-ignore}
+	# Don't be case sensitive
+	printf '%s' "$check_level" | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'
+}
+
+# Check if the user dropped some commits by mistake
+# Behaviour determined by rebase.missingCommitsCheck.
+# Check if there is an unrecognized command or a
+# bad SHA-1 in a command.
+check_todo_list () {
+	raise_error=f
+
+	check_level=$(get_missing_commit_check_level)
+
+	case "$check_level" in
+	warn|error)
+		# Get the SHA-1 of the commits
+		todo_list_to_sha_list <"$todo".backup >"$todo".oldsha1
+		todo_list_to_sha_list <"$todo" >"$todo".newsha1
+
+		# Sort the SHA-1 and compare them
+		sort -u "$todo".oldsha1 >"$todo".oldsha1+
+		mv "$todo".oldsha1+ "$todo".oldsha1
+		sort -u "$todo".newsha1 >"$todo".newsha1+
+		mv "$todo".newsha1+ "$todo".newsha1
+		comm -2 -3 "$todo".oldsha1 "$todo".newsha1 >"$todo".miss
+
+		# Warn about missing commits
+		if test -s "$todo".miss
+		then
+			test "$check_level" = error && raise_error=t
+
+			warn "Warning: some commits may have been dropped" \
+				"accidentally."
+			warn "Dropped commits (newer to older):"
+
+			# Make the list user-friendly and display
+			opt="--no-walk=sorted --format=oneline --abbrev-commit --stdin"
+			git rev-list $opt <"$todo".miss | warn_lines
+
+			warn "To avoid this message, use \"drop\" to" \
+				"explicitly remove a commit."
+			warn
+			warn "Use 'git config rebase.missingCommitsCheck' to change" \
+				"the level of warnings."
+			warn "The possible behaviours are: ignore, warn, error."
+			warn
+		fi
+		;;
+	ignore)
+		;;
+	*)
+		warn "Unrecognized setting $check_level for option" \
+			"rebase.missingCommitsCheck. Ignoring."
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	if ! check_bad_cmd_and_sha "$todo"
+	then
+		raise_error=t
+	fi
+
+	if test $raise_error = t
+	then
+		# Checkout before the first commit of the
+		# rebase: this way git rebase --continue
+		# will work correctly as it expects HEAD to be
+		# placed before the commit of the next action
+		checkout_onto
+
+		warn "You can fix this with 'git rebase --edit-todo'."
+		die "Or you can abort the rebase with 'git rebase --abort'."
+	fi
+}
+
+# The whole contents of this file is run by dot-sourcing it from
+# inside a shell function.  It used to be that "return"s we see
+# below were not inside any function, and expected to return
+# to the function that dot-sourced us.
+#
+# However, older (9.x) versions of FreeBSD /bin/sh misbehave on such a
+# construct and continue to run the statements that follow such a "return".
+# As a work-around, we introduce an extra layer of a function
+# here, and immediately call it after defining it.
+git_rebase__interactive () {
+
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	# do we have anything to commit?
-	if git diff-index --cached --quiet --ignore-submodules HEAD --
+	if git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD --
 	then
-		: Nothing to commit -- skip this
+		# Nothing to commit -- skip this commit
+
+		test ! -f "$GIT_DIR"/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD ||
+		rm "$GIT_DIR"/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD ||
+		die "Could not remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"
 	else
 		if ! test -f "$author_script"
 		then
+			gpg_sign_opt_quoted=${gpg_sign_opt:+$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$gpg_sign_opt")}
 			die "You have staged changes in your working tree. If these changes are meant to be
 squashed into the previous commit, run:
 
-  git commit --amend
+  git commit --amend $gpg_sign_opt_quoted
 
 If they are meant to go into a new commit, run:
 
-  git commit
+  git commit $gpg_sign_opt_quoted
 
 In both case, once you're done, continue with:
 
@@ -694,7 +1074,6 @@ In both case, once you're done, continue with:
 		fi
 		. "$author_script" ||
 			die "Error trying to find the author identity to amend commit"
-		current_head=
 		if test -f "$amend"
 		then
 			current_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
@@ -702,24 +1081,49 @@ In both case, once you're done, continue with:
 			die "\
 You have uncommitted changes in your working tree. Please, commit them
 first and then run 'git rebase --continue' again."
-			git reset --soft HEAD^ ||
-			die "Cannot rewind the HEAD"
+			do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$msg" -e \
+				${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
+				die "Could not commit staged changes."
+		else
+			do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$msg" -e \
+				${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
+				die "Could not commit staged changes."
 		fi
-		do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$msg" -e || {
-			test -n "$current_head" && git reset --soft $current_head
-			die "Could not commit staged changes."
-		}
 	fi
 
-	record_in_rewritten "$(cat "$state_dir"/stopped-sha)"
+	if test -r "$state_dir"/stopped-sha
+	then
+		record_in_rewritten "$(cat "$state_dir"/stopped-sha)"
+	fi
 
 	require_clean_work_tree "rebase"
 	do_rest
+	return 0
 	;;
 skip)
 	git rerere clear
 
 	do_rest
+	return 0
+	;;
+edit-todo)
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" >"$todo".new
+	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
+	collapse_todo_ids
+	append_todo_help
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+You are editing the todo file of an ongoing interactive rebase.
+To continue rebase after editing, run:
+    git rebase --continue
+
+EOF
+
+	git_sequence_editor "$todo" ||
+		die "Could not execute editor"
+	expand_todo_ids
+
+	exit
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -730,12 +1134,15 @@ comment_for_reflog start
 
 if test ! -z "$switch_to"
 then
+	GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $switch_to"
 	output git checkout "$switch_to" -- ||
-		die "Could not checkout $switch_to"
+	die "Could not checkout $switch_to"
+
+	comment_for_reflog start
 fi
 
 orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || die "No HEAD?"
-mkdir "$state_dir" || die "Could not create temporary $state_dir"
+mkdir -p "$state_dir" || die "Could not create temporary $state_dir"
 
 : > "$state_dir"/interactive || die "Could not mark as interactive"
 write_basic_state
@@ -774,17 +1181,26 @@ else
 	revisions=$onto...$orig_head
 	shortrevisions=$shorthead
 fi
-git rev-list $merges_option --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit \
-	--abbrev=7 --reverse --left-right --topo-order \
-	$revisions | \
+format=$(git config --get rebase.instructionFormat)
+# the 'rev-list .. | sed' requires %m to parse; the instruction requires %H to parse
+git rev-list $merges_option --format="%m%H ${format:-%s}" \
+	--reverse --left-right --topo-order \
+	$revisions ${restrict_revision+^$restrict_revision} | \
 	sed -n "s/^>//p" |
-while read -r shortsha1 rest
+while read -r sha1 rest
 do
+
+	if test -z "$keep_empty" && is_empty_commit $sha1 && ! is_merge_commit $sha1
+	then
+		comment_out="$comment_char "
+	else
+		comment_out=
+	fi
+
 	if test t != "$preserve_merges"
 	then
-		printf '%s\n' "pick $shortsha1 $rest" >> "$todo"
+		printf '%s\n' "${comment_out}pick $sha1 $rest" >>"$todo"
 	else
-		sha1=$(git rev-parse $shortsha1)
 		if test -z "$rebase_root"
 		then
 			preserve=t
@@ -801,7 +1217,7 @@ do
 		if test f = "$preserve"
 		then
 			touch "$rewritten"/$sha1
-			printf '%s\n' "pick $shortsha1 $rest" >> "$todo"
+			printf '%s\n' "${comment_out}pick $sha1 $rest" >>"$todo"
 		fi
 	fi
 done
@@ -818,15 +1234,16 @@ then
 	git rev-list $revisions |
 	while read rev
 	do
-		if test -f "$rewritten"/$rev -a "$(sane_grep "$rev" "$state_dir"/not-cherry-picks)" = ""
+		if test -f "$rewritten"/$rev &&
+		   ! sane_grep "$rev" "$state_dir"/not-cherry-picks >/dev/null
 		then
 			# Use -f2 because if rev-list is telling us this commit is
 			# not worthwhile, we don't want to track its multiple heads,
 			# just the history of its first-parent for others that will
 			# be rebasing on top of it
 			git rev-list --parents -1 $rev | cut -d' ' -s -f2 > "$dropped"/$rev
-			short=$(git rev-list -1 --abbrev-commit --abbrev=7 $rev)
-			sane_grep -v "^[a-z][a-z]* $short" <"$todo" > "${todo}2" ; mv "${todo}2" "$todo"
+			sha1=$(git rev-list -1 $rev)
+			sane_grep -v "^[a-z][a-z]* $sha1" <"$todo" > "${todo}2" ; mv "${todo}2" "$todo"
 			rm "$rewritten"/$rev
 		fi
 	done
@@ -834,35 +1251,48 @@ fi
 
 test -s "$todo" || echo noop >> "$todo"
 test -n "$autosquash" && rearrange_squash "$todo"
-cat >> "$todo" << EOF
+test -n "$cmd" && add_exec_commands "$todo"
 
-# Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto
-#
-# Commands:
-#  p, pick = use commit
-#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
-#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
-#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
-#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
-#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
-#
-# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
-# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
-#
+todocount=$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | wc -l)
+todocount=${todocount##* }
+
+cat >>"$todo" <<EOF
+
+$comment_char Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto ($todocount command(s))
 EOF
+append_todo_help
+git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+
+EOF
+
+if test -z "$keep_empty"
+then
+	printf '%s\n' "$comment_char Note that empty commits are commented out" >>"$todo"
+fi
+
 
 has_action "$todo" ||
-	die_abort "Nothing to do"
+	return 2
 
 cp "$todo" "$todo".backup
+collapse_todo_ids
 git_sequence_editor "$todo" ||
 	die_abort "Could not execute editor"
 
 has_action "$todo" ||
-	die_abort "Nothing to do"
+	return 2
+
+check_todo_list
+
+expand_todo_ids
 
 test -d "$rewritten" || test -n "$force_rebase" || skip_unnecessary_picks
 
-output git checkout $onto || die_abort "could not detach HEAD"
-git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
+checkout_onto
 do_rest
+
+}
+# ... and then we call the whole thing.
+git_rebase__interactive
diff --git a/git-rebase--merge.sh b/git-rebase--merge.sh
index 26afc75cc7..06a4723d4d 100644
--- a/git-rebase--merge.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--merge.sh
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This shell script fragment is sourced by git-rebase to implement
+# its merge-based non-interactive mode that copes well with renamed
+# files.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-. git-sh-setup
-
 prec=4
 
 read_state () {
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ continue_merge () {
 		die "$resolvemsg"
 	fi
 
-	cmt=`cat "$state_dir/current"`
+	cmt=$(cat "$state_dir/current")
 	if ! git diff-index --quiet --ignore-submodules HEAD --
 	then
-		if ! git commit --no-verify -C "$cmt"
+		if ! git commit ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} --no-verify -C "$cmt"
 		then
 			echo "Commit failed, please do not call \"git commit\""
 			echo "directly, but instead do one of the following: "
@@ -53,11 +53,12 @@ continue_merge () {
 }
 
 call_merge () {
-	cmt="$(cat "$state_dir/cmt.$1")"
+	msgnum="$1"
+	echo "$msgnum" >"$state_dir/msgnum"
+	cmt="$(cat "$state_dir/cmt.$msgnum")"
 	echo "$cmt" > "$state_dir/current"
 	hd=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 	cmt_name=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2> /dev/null || echo HEAD)
-	msgnum=$(cat "$state_dir/msgnum")
 	eval GITHEAD_$cmt='"${cmt_name##refs/heads/}~$(($end - $msgnum))"'
 	eval GITHEAD_$hd='$onto_name'
 	export GITHEAD_$cmt GITHEAD_$hd
@@ -66,7 +67,9 @@ call_merge () {
 		GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=1 && export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY
 	fi
 	test -z "$strategy" && strategy=recursive
-	eval 'git-merge-$strategy' $strategy_opts '"$cmt^" -- "$hd" "$cmt"'
+	# If cmt doesn't have a parent, don't include it as a base
+	base=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet $cmt^)
+	eval 'git-merge-$strategy' $strategy_opts $base ' -- "$hd" "$cmt"'
 	rv=$?
 	case "$rv" in
 	0)
@@ -90,15 +93,26 @@ call_merge () {
 
 finish_rb_merge () {
 	move_to_original_branch
-	git notes copy --for-rewrite=rebase < "$state_dir"/rewritten
-	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite &&
-		test -s "$state_dir"/rewritten; then
-		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase < "$state_dir"/rewritten
+	if test -s "$state_dir"/rewritten
+	then
+		git notes copy --for-rewrite=rebase <"$state_dir"/rewritten
+		hook="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/post-rewrite)"
+		test -x "$hook" && "$hook" rebase <"$state_dir"/rewritten
 	fi
-	rm -r "$state_dir"
 	say All done.
 }
 
+# The whole contents of this file is run by dot-sourcing it from
+# inside a shell function.  It used to be that "return"s we see
+# below were not inside any function, and expected to return
+# to the function that dot-sourced us.
+#
+# However, older (9.x) versions of FreeBSD /bin/sh misbehave on such a
+# construct and continue to run the statements that follow such a "return".
+# As a work-around, we introduce an extra layer of a function
+# here, and immediately call it after defining it.
+git_rebase__merge () {
+
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	read_state
@@ -109,7 +123,7 @@ continue)
 		continue_merge
 	done
 	finish_rb_merge
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 skip)
 	read_state
@@ -121,7 +135,7 @@ skip)
 		continue_merge
 	done
 	finish_rb_merge
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -130,7 +144,7 @@ echo "$onto_name" > "$state_dir/onto_name"
 write_basic_state
 
 msgnum=0
-for cmt in `git rev-list --reverse --no-merges "$revisions"`
+for cmt in $(git rev-list --reverse --no-merges "$revisions")
 do
 	msgnum=$(($msgnum + 1))
 	echo "$cmt" > "$state_dir/cmt.$msgnum"
@@ -149,3 +163,7 @@ do
 done
 
 finish_rb_merge
+
+}
+# ... and then we call the whole thing.
+git_rebase__merge
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index 00ca7b99fe..44ede367ae 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -3,46 +3,27 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-USAGE='[--interactive | -i] [-v] [--force-rebase | -f] [--no-ff] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>|--root] [<branch>] [--quiet | -q]'
-LONG_USAGE='git-rebase replaces <branch> with a new branch of the
-same name.  When the --onto option is provided the new branch starts
-out with a HEAD equal to <newbase>, otherwise it is equal to <upstream>
-It then attempts to create a new commit for each commit from the original
-<branch> that does not exist in the <upstream> branch.
-
-It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being
-completely automatic.  You will have to resolve any such merge failure
-and run git rebase --continue.  Another option is to bypass the commit
-that caused the merge failure with git rebase --skip.  To check out the
-original <branch> and remove the .git/rebase-apply working files, use the
-command git rebase --abort instead.
-
-Note that if <branch> is not specified on the command line, the
-currently checked out branch is used.
-
-Example:       git-rebase master~1 topic
-
-	A---B---C topic                   A'\''--B'\''--C'\'' topic
-       /                   -->           /
-  D---E---F---G master          D---E---F---G master
-'
-
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=t
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
-git rebase [-i] [options] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>] [<branch>]
-git rebase [-i] [options] --onto <newbase> --root [<branch>]
-git-rebase [-i] --continue | --abort | --skip
+git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>] [<branch>]
+git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>]
+git-rebase --continue | --abort | --skip | --edit-todo
 --
  Available options are
 v,verbose!         display a diffstat of what changed upstream
 q,quiet!           be quiet. implies --no-stat
+autostash          automatically stash/stash pop before and after
+fork-point         use 'merge-base --fork-point' to refine upstream
 onto=!             rebase onto given branch instead of upstream
 p,preserve-merges! try to recreate merges instead of ignoring them
 s,strategy=!       use the given merge strategy
 no-ff!             cherry-pick all commits, even if unchanged
 m,merge!           use merging strategies to rebase
 i,interactive!     let the user edit the list of commits to rebase
+x,exec=!           add exec lines after each commit of the editable list
+k,keep-empty	   preserve empty commits during rebase
 f,force-rebase!    force rebase even if branch is up to date
 X,strategy-option=! pass the argument through to the merge strategy
 stat!              display a diffstat of what changed upstream
@@ -56,12 +37,15 @@ ignore-date!       passed to 'git am'
 whitespace=!       passed to 'git apply'
 ignore-whitespace! passed to 'git apply'
 C=!                passed to 'git apply'
+S,gpg-sign?        GPG-sign commits
  Actions:
 continue!          continue
 abort!             abort and check out the original branch
 skip!              skip current patch and continue
+edit-todo!         edit the todo list during an interactive rebase
 "
 . git-sh-setup
+. git-sh-i18n
 set_reflog_action rebase
 require_work_tree_exists
 cd_to_toplevel
@@ -70,11 +54,13 @@ LF='
 '
 ok_to_skip_pre_rebase=
 resolvemsg="
-When you have resolved this problem run \"git rebase --continue\".
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"git rebase --skip\".
-To check out the original branch and stop rebasing run \"git rebase --abort\".
+$(gettext 'When you have resolved this problem, run "git rebase --continue".
+If you prefer to skip this patch, run "git rebase --skip" instead.
+To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run "git rebase --abort".')
 "
 unset onto
+unset restrict_revision
+cmd=
 strategy=
 strategy_opts=
 do_merge=
@@ -83,6 +69,8 @@ apply_dir="$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply
 verbose=
 diffstat=
 test "$(git config --bool rebase.stat)" = true && diffstat=t
+autostash="$(git config --bool rebase.autostash || echo false)"
+fork_point=auto
 git_am_opt=
 rebase_root=
 force_rebase=
@@ -97,9 +85,16 @@ state_dir=
 action=
 preserve_merges=
 autosquash=
+keep_empty=
 test "$(git config --bool rebase.autosquash)" = "true" && autosquash=t
+case "$(git config --bool commit.gpgsign)" in
+true)	gpg_sign_opt=-S ;;
+*)	gpg_sign_opt= ;;
+esac
 
 read_basic_state () {
+	test -f "$state_dir/head-name" &&
+	test -f "$state_dir/onto" &&
 	head_name=$(cat "$state_dir"/head-name) &&
 	onto=$(cat "$state_dir"/onto) &&
 	# We always write to orig-head, but interactive rebase used to write to
@@ -118,6 +113,8 @@ read_basic_state () {
 		strategy_opts="$(cat "$state_dir"/strategy_opts)"
 	test -f "$state_dir"/allow_rerere_autoupdate &&
 		allow_rerere_autoupdate="$(cat "$state_dir"/allow_rerere_autoupdate)"
+	test -f "$state_dir"/gpg_sign_opt &&
+		gpg_sign_opt="$(cat "$state_dir"/gpg_sign_opt)"
 }
 
 write_basic_state () {
@@ -131,6 +128,7 @@ write_basic_state () {
 		"$state_dir"/strategy_opts
 	test -n "$allow_rerere_autoupdate" && echo "$allow_rerere_autoupdate" > \
 		"$state_dir"/allow_rerere_autoupdate
+	test -n "$gpg_sign_opt" && echo "$gpg_sign_opt" > "$state_dir"/gpg_sign_opt
 }
 
 output () {
@@ -156,30 +154,66 @@ move_to_original_branch () {
 		git symbolic-ref \
 			-m "rebase finished: returning to $head_name" \
 			HEAD $head_name ||
-		die "Could not move back to $head_name"
+		die "$(gettext "Could not move back to $head_name")"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
 
+apply_autostash () {
+	if test -f "$state_dir/autostash"
+	then
+		stash_sha1=$(cat "$state_dir/autostash")
+		if git stash apply $stash_sha1 2>&1 >/dev/null
+		then
+			echo "$(gettext 'Applied autostash.')"
+		else
+			git stash store -m "autostash" -q $stash_sha1 ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot store \$stash_sha1")"
+			gettext 'Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.
+Your changes are safe in the stash.
+You can run "git stash pop" or "git stash drop" at any time.
+'
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+finish_rebase () {
+	apply_autostash &&
+	{ git gc --auto || true; } &&
+	rm -rf "$state_dir"
+}
+
 run_specific_rebase () {
 	if [ "$interactive_rebase" = implied ]; then
 		GIT_EDITOR=:
 		export GIT_EDITOR
+		autosquash=
 	fi
 	. git-rebase--$type
+	ret=$?
+	if test $ret -eq 0
+	then
+		finish_rebase
+	elif test $ret -eq 2 # special exit status for rebase -i
+	then
+		apply_autostash &&
+		rm -rf "$state_dir" &&
+		die "Nothing to do"
+	fi
+	exit $ret
 }
 
 run_pre_rebase_hook () {
 	if test -z "$ok_to_skip_pre_rebase" &&
-	   test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase"
+	   test -x "$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/pre-rebase)"
 	then
-		"$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase" ${1+"$@"} ||
-		die "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+		"$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/pre-rebase)" ${1+"$@"} ||
+		die "$(gettext "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase.")"
 	fi
 }
 
 test -f "$apply_dir"/applying &&
-	die 'It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase.'
+	die "$(gettext "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase.")"
 
 if test -d "$apply_dir"
 then
@@ -208,19 +242,24 @@ do
 	--verify)
 		ok_to_skip_pre_rebase=
 		;;
-	--continue|--skip|--abort)
+	--continue|--skip|--abort|--edit-todo)
 		test $total_argc -eq 2 || usage
 		action=${1##--}
 		;;
-	--onto)
-		test 2 -le "$#" || usage
-		onto="$2"
-		shift
+	--onto=*)
+		onto="${1#--onto=}"
 		;;
-	-i)
+	--exec=*)
+		cmd="${cmd}exec ${1#--exec=}${LF}"
+		test -z "$interactive_rebase" && interactive_rebase=implied
+		;;
+	--interactive)
 		interactive_rebase=explicit
 		;;
-	-p)
+	--keep-empty)
+		keep_empty=yes
+		;;
+	--preserve-merges)
 		preserve_merges=t
 		test -z "$interactive_rebase" && interactive_rebase=implied
 		;;
@@ -230,41 +269,50 @@ do
 	--no-autosquash)
 		autosquash=
 		;;
-	-M|-m)
+	--fork-point)
+		fork_point=t
+		;;
+	--no-fork-point)
+		fork_point=
+		;;
+	--merge)
 		do_merge=t
 		;;
-	-X)
-		shift
-		strategy_opts="$strategy_opts $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "--$1")"
+	--strategy-option=*)
+		strategy_opts="$strategy_opts $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "--${1#--strategy-option=}")"
 		do_merge=t
 		test -z "$strategy" && strategy=recursive
 		;;
-	-s)
-		shift
-		strategy="$1"
+	--strategy=*)
+		strategy="${1#--strategy=}"
 		do_merge=t
 		;;
-	-n)
+	--no-stat)
 		diffstat=
 		;;
 	--stat)
 		diffstat=t
 		;;
-	-v)
+	--autostash)
+		autostash=true
+		;;
+	--no-autostash)
+		autostash=false
+		;;
+	--verbose)
 		verbose=t
 		diffstat=t
 		GIT_QUIET=
 		;;
-	-q)
+	--quiet)
 		GIT_QUIET=t
 		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt -q"
 		verbose=
 		diffstat=
 		;;
-	--whitespace)
-		shift
-		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt --whitespace=$1"
-		case "$1" in
+	--whitespace=*)
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt --whitespace=${1#--whitespace=}"
+		case "${1#--whitespace=}" in
 		fix|strip)
 			force_rebase=t
 			;;
@@ -277,19 +325,24 @@ do
 		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt $1"
 		force_rebase=t
 		;;
-	-C)
-		shift
-		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt -C$1"
+	-C*)
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt $1"
 		;;
 	--root)
 		rebase_root=t
 		;;
-	-f|--no-ff)
+	--force-rebase|--no-ff)
 		force_rebase=t
 		;;
 	--rerere-autoupdate|--no-rerere-autoupdate)
 		allow_rerere_autoupdate="$1"
 		;;
+	--gpg-sign)
+		gpg_sign_opt=-S
+		;;
+	--gpg-sign=*)
+		gpg_sign_opt="-S${1#--gpg-sign=}"
+		;;
 	--)
 		shift
 		break
@@ -301,7 +354,7 @@ test $# -gt 2 && usage
 
 if test -n "$action"
 then
-	test -z "$in_progress" && die "No rebase in progress?"
+	test -z "$in_progress" && die "$(gettext "No rebase in progress?")"
 	# Only interactive rebase uses detailed reflog messages
 	if test "$type" = interactive && test "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION" = rebase
 	then
@@ -310,15 +363,20 @@ then
 	fi
 fi
 
+if test "$action" = "edit-todo" && test "$type" != "interactive"
+then
+	die "$(gettext "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase.")"
+fi
+
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	# Sanity check
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null ||
-		die "Cannot read HEAD"
+		die "$(gettext "Cannot read HEAD")"
 	git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules || {
-		echo "You must edit all merge conflicts and then"
-		echo "mark them as resolved using git add"
+		echo "$(gettext "You must edit all merge conflicts and then
+mark them as resolved using git add")"
 		exit 1
 	}
 	read_basic_state
@@ -335,27 +393,38 @@ abort)
 	case "$head_name" in
 	refs/*)
 		git symbolic-ref -m "rebase: aborting" HEAD $head_name ||
-		die "Could not move back to $head_name"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Could not move back to \$head_name")"
 		;;
 	esac
 	output git reset --hard $orig_head
-	rm -r "$state_dir"
+	finish_rebase
 	exit
 	;;
+edit-todo)
+	run_specific_rebase
+	;;
 esac
 
 # Make sure no rebase is in progress
 if test -n "$in_progress"
 then
-	die '
-It seems that there is already a '"${state_dir##*/}"' directory, and
+	state_dir_base=${state_dir##*/}
+	cmd_live_rebase="git rebase (--continue | --abort | --skip)"
+	cmd_clear_stale_rebase="rm -fr \"$state_dir\""
+	die "
+$(eval_gettext 'It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and
 I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the
 case, please try
-	git rebase (--continue | --abort | --skip)
+	$cmd_live_rebase
 If that is not the case, please
-	rm -fr '"$state_dir"'
+	$cmd_clear_stale_rebase
 and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something
-valuable there.'
+valuable there.')"
+fi
+
+if test -n "$rebase_root" && test -z "$onto"
+then
+	test -z "$interactive_rebase" && interactive_rebase=implied
 fi
 
 if test -n "$interactive_rebase"
@@ -380,20 +449,32 @@ then
 		then
 			. git-parse-remote
 			error_on_missing_default_upstream "rebase" "rebase" \
-				"against" "git rebase <upstream branch>"
+				"against" "git rebase <branch>"
 		fi
+
+		test "$fork_point" = auto && fork_point=t
 		;;
 	*)	upstream_name="$1"
+		if test "$upstream_name" = "-"
+		then
+			upstream_name="@{-1}"
+		fi
 		shift
 		;;
 	esac
-	upstream=`git rev-parse --verify "${upstream_name}^0"` ||
-	die "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+	upstream=$(peel_committish "${upstream_name}") ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "invalid upstream \$upstream_name")"
 	upstream_arg="$upstream_name"
 else
-	test -z "$onto" && die "You must specify --onto when using --root"
+	if test -z "$onto"
+	then
+		empty_tree=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null)
+		onto=$(git commit-tree $empty_tree </dev/null)
+		squash_onto="$onto"
+	fi
 	unset upstream_name
 	unset upstream
+	test $# -gt 1 && usage
 	upstream_arg=--root
 fi
 
@@ -406,19 +487,19 @@ case "$onto_name" in
 	then
 		case "$onto" in
 		?*"$LF"?*)
-			die "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases")"
 			;;
 		'')
-			die "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there is no merge base")"
 			;;
 		esac
 	else
-		die "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there is no merge base")"
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	onto=$(git rev-parse --verify "${onto_name}^0") ||
-	die "Does not point to a valid commit: $1"
+	onto=$(peel_committish "$onto_name") ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Does not point to a valid commit: \$onto_name")"
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -441,24 +522,49 @@ case "$#" in
 	then
 		head_name="detached HEAD"
 	else
-		die "fatal: no such branch: $1"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "fatal: no such branch: \$branch_name")"
 	fi
 	;;
-*)
+0)
 	# Do not need to switch branches, we are already on it.
-	if branch_name=`git symbolic-ref -q HEAD`
+	if branch_name=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
 	then
 		head_name=$branch_name
-		branch_name=`expr "z$branch_name" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		branch_name=$(expr "z$branch_name" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)')
 	else
 		head_name="detached HEAD"
 		branch_name=HEAD ;# detached
 	fi
-	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify "${branch_name}^0") || exit
+	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || exit
+	;;
+*)
+	die "BUG: unexpected number of arguments left to parse"
 	;;
 esac
 
-require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
+if test "$fork_point" = t
+then
+	new_upstream=$(git merge-base --fork-point "$upstream_name" \
+			"${switch_to:-HEAD}")
+	if test -n "$new_upstream"
+	then
+		restrict_revision=$new_upstream
+	fi
+fi
+
+if test "$autostash" = true && ! (require_clean_work_tree) 2>/dev/null
+then
+	stash_sha1=$(git stash create "autostash") ||
+	die "$(gettext 'Cannot autostash')"
+
+	mkdir -p "$state_dir" &&
+	echo $stash_sha1 >"$state_dir/autostash" &&
+	stash_abbrev=$(git rev-parse --short $stash_sha1) &&
+	echo "$(eval_gettext 'Created autostash: $stash_abbrev')" &&
+	git reset --hard
+fi
+
+require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "$(gettext "Please commit or stash them.")"
 
 # Now we are rebasing commits $upstream..$orig_head (or with --root,
 # everything leading up to $orig_head) on top of $onto
@@ -468,18 +574,21 @@ require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
 # and if this is not an interactive rebase.
 mb=$(git merge-base "$onto" "$orig_head")
 if test "$type" != interactive && test "$upstream" = "$onto" &&
-	test "$mb" = "$onto" &&
+	test "$mb" = "$onto" && test -z "$restrict_revision" &&
 	# linear history?
 	! (git rev-list --parents "$onto".."$orig_head" | sane_grep " .* ") > /dev/null
 then
 	if test -z "$force_rebase"
 	then
 		# Lazily switch to the target branch if needed...
-		test -z "$switch_to" || git checkout "$switch_to" --
-		say "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+		test -z "$switch_to" ||
+		GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $switch_to" \
+			git checkout -q "$switch_to" --
+		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date.")"
+		finish_rebase
 		exit 0
 	else
-		say "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date, rebase forced.")"
 	fi
 fi
 
@@ -490,7 +599,7 @@ if test -n "$diffstat"
 then
 	if test -n "$verbose"
 	then
-		echo "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+		echo "$(eval_gettext "Changes from \$mb to \$onto:")"
 	fi
 	# We want color (if set), but no pager
 	GIT_PAGER='' git diff --stat --summary "$mb" "$onto"
@@ -499,16 +608,19 @@ fi
 test "$type" = interactive && run_specific_rebase
 
 # Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-say "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
-git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
+say "$(gettext "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...")"
+
+GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $onto_name" \
+	git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
 git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
 
 # If the $onto is a proper descendant of the tip of the branch, then
 # we just fast-forwarded.
 if test "$mb" = "$orig_head"
 then
-	say "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+	say "$(eval_gettext "Fast-forwarded \$branch_name to \$onto_name.")"
 	move_to_original_branch
+	finish_rebase
 	exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -516,7 +628,7 @@ if test -n "$rebase_root"
 then
 	revisions="$onto..$orig_head"
 else
-	revisions="$upstream..$orig_head"
+	revisions="${restrict_revision-$upstream}..$orig_head"
 fi
 
 run_specific_rebase
diff --git a/git-relink.perl b/git-relink.perl
index e136732cea..236a3521a1 100755
--- a/git-relink.perl
+++ b/git-relink.perl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#!/usr/bin/perl
 # Copyright 2005, Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
 # Distribution permitted under the GPL v2, as distributed
 # by the Free Software Foundation.
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ sub link_two_files($$) {
 
 
 sub usage() {
-	print("Usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
+	print("usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
 	print("All directories should contain a .git/objects/ subdirectory.\n");
 	print("Options\n");
 	print("\t--safe\t" .
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.py b/git-remote-testgit.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3dc4851cfc..0000000000
--- a/git-remote-testgit.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# This command is a simple remote-helper, that is used both as a
-# testcase for the remote-helper functionality, and as an example to
-# show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
-#
-# This is a Git <-> Git importer/exporter, that simply uses git
-# fast-import and git fast-export to consume and produce fast-import
-# streams.
-#
-# To understand better the way things work, one can activate debug
-# traces by setting (to any value) the environment variables
-# GIT_TRANSPORT_HELPER_DEBUG and GIT_DEBUG_TESTGIT, to see messages
-# from the transport-helper side, or from this example remote-helper.
-
-# hashlib is only available in python >= 2.5
-try:
-    import hashlib
-    _digest = hashlib.sha1
-except ImportError:
-    import sha
-    _digest = sha.new
-import sys
-import os
-sys.path.insert(0, os.getenv("GITPYTHONLIB","."))
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import die, debug, warn
-from git_remote_helpers.git.repo import GitRepo
-from git_remote_helpers.git.exporter import GitExporter
-from git_remote_helpers.git.importer import GitImporter
-from git_remote_helpers.git.non_local import NonLocalGit
-
-def get_repo(alias, url):
-    """Returns a git repository object initialized for usage.
-    """
-
-    repo = GitRepo(url)
-    repo.get_revs()
-    repo.get_head()
-
-    hasher = _digest()
-    hasher.update(repo.path)
-    repo.hash = hasher.hexdigest()
-
-    repo.get_base_path = lambda base: os.path.join(
-        base, 'info', 'fast-import', repo.hash)
-
-    prefix = 'refs/testgit/%s/' % alias
-    debug("prefix: '%s'", prefix)
-
-    repo.gitdir = os.environ["GIT_DIR"]
-    repo.alias = alias
-    repo.prefix = prefix
-
-    repo.exporter = GitExporter(repo)
-    repo.importer = GitImporter(repo)
-    repo.non_local = NonLocalGit(repo)
-
-    return repo
-
-
-def local_repo(repo, path):
-    """Returns a git repository object initalized for usage.
-    """
-
-    local = GitRepo(path)
-
-    local.non_local = None
-    local.gitdir = repo.gitdir
-    local.alias = repo.alias
-    local.prefix = repo.prefix
-    local.hash = repo.hash
-    local.get_base_path = repo.get_base_path
-    local.exporter = GitExporter(local)
-    local.importer = GitImporter(local)
-
-    return local
-
-
-def do_capabilities(repo, args):
-    """Prints the supported capabilities.
-    """
-
-    print "import"
-    print "export"
-    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s*" % repo.prefix
-
-    dirname = repo.get_base_path(repo.gitdir)
-
-    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-        os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks')
-
-    print "*export-marks %s" % path
-    if os.path.exists(path):
-        print "*import-marks %s" % path
-
-    print # end capabilities
-
-
-def do_list(repo, args):
-    """Lists all known references.
-
-    Bug: This will always set the remote head to master for non-local
-    repositories, since we have no way of determining what the remote
-    head is at clone time.
-    """
-
-    for ref in repo.revs:
-        debug("? refs/heads/%s", ref)
-        print "? refs/heads/%s" % ref
-
-    if repo.head:
-        debug("@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head)
-        print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head
-    else:
-        debug("@refs/heads/master HEAD")
-        print "@refs/heads/master HEAD"
-
-    print # end list
-
-
-def update_local_repo(repo):
-    """Updates (or clones) a local repo.
-    """
-
-    if repo.local:
-        return repo
-
-    path = repo.non_local.clone(repo.gitdir)
-    repo.non_local.update(repo.gitdir)
-    repo = local_repo(repo, path)
-    return repo
-
-
-def do_import(repo, args):
-    """Exports a fast-import stream from testgit for git to import.
-    """
-
-    if len(args) != 1:
-        die("Import needs exactly one ref")
-
-    if not repo.gitdir:
-        die("Need gitdir to import")
-
-    ref = args[0]
-    refs = [ref]
-
-    while True:
-        line = sys.stdin.readline()
-        if line == '\n':
-            break
-        if not line.startswith('import '):
-            die("Expected import line.")
-
-        # strip of leading 'import '
-        ref = line[7:].strip()
-        refs.append(ref)
-
-    repo = update_local_repo(repo)
-    repo.exporter.export_repo(repo.gitdir, refs)
-
-    print "done"
-
-
-def do_export(repo, args):
-    """Imports a fast-import stream from git to testgit.
-    """
-
-    if not repo.gitdir:
-        die("Need gitdir to export")
-
-    update_local_repo(repo)
-    changed = repo.importer.do_import(repo.gitdir)
-
-    if not repo.local:
-        repo.non_local.push(repo.gitdir)
-
-    for ref in changed:
-        print "ok %s" % ref
-    print
-
-
-COMMANDS = {
-    'capabilities': do_capabilities,
-    'list': do_list,
-    'import': do_import,
-    'export': do_export,
-}
-
-
-def sanitize(value):
-    """Cleans up the url.
-    """
-
-    if value.startswith('testgit::'):
-        value = value[9:]
-
-    return value
-
-
-def read_one_line(repo):
-    """Reads and processes one command.
-    """
-
-    line = sys.stdin.readline()
-
-    cmdline = line
-
-    if not cmdline:
-        warn("Unexpected EOF")
-        return False
-
-    cmdline = cmdline.strip().split()
-    if not cmdline:
-        # Blank line means we're about to quit
-        return False
-
-    cmd = cmdline.pop(0)
-    debug("Got command '%s' with args '%s'", cmd, ' '.join(cmdline))
-
-    if cmd not in COMMANDS:
-        die("Unknown command, %s", cmd)
-
-    func = COMMANDS[cmd]
-    func(repo, cmdline)
-    sys.stdout.flush()
-
-    return True
-
-
-def main(args):
-    """Starts a new remote helper for the specified repository.
-    """
-
-    if len(args) != 3:
-        die("Expecting exactly three arguments.")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    if os.getenv("GIT_DEBUG_TESTGIT"):
-        import git_remote_helpers.util
-        git_remote_helpers.util.DEBUG = True
-
-    alias = sanitize(args[1])
-    url = sanitize(args[2])
-
-    if not alias.isalnum():
-        warn("non-alnum alias '%s'", alias)
-        alias = "tmp"
-
-    args[1] = alias
-    args[2] = url
-
-    repo = get_repo(alias, url)
-
-    debug("Got arguments %s", args[1:])
-
-    more = True
-
-    while (more):
-        more = read_one_line(repo)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.sh b/git-remote-testgit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..752c763eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-remote-testgit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+
+# The first argument can be a url when the fetch/push command was a url
+# instead of a configured remote. In this case, use a generic alias.
+if test "$1" = "testgit::$2"; then
+	alias=_
+else
+	alias=$1
+fi
+url=$2
+
+dir="$GIT_DIR/testgit/$alias"
+prefix="refs/testgit/$alias"
+
+default_refspec="refs/heads/*:${prefix}/heads/*"
+
+refspec="${GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC-$default_refspec}"
+
+test -z "$refspec" && prefix="refs"
+
+GIT_DIR="$url/.git"
+export GIT_DIR
+
+force=
+
+mkdir -p "$dir"
+
+if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS"
+then
+	gitmarks="$dir/git.marks"
+	testgitmarks="$dir/testgit.marks"
+	test -e "$gitmarks" || >"$gitmarks"
+	test -e "$testgitmarks" || >"$testgitmarks"
+fi
+
+while read line
+do
+	case $line in
+	capabilities)
+		echo 'import'
+		echo 'export'
+		test -n "$refspec" && echo "refspec $refspec"
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "*import-marks $gitmarks"
+			echo "*export-marks $gitmarks"
+		fi
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS" && echo "signed-tags"
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_PRIVATE_UPDATE" && echo "no-private-update"
+		echo 'option'
+		echo
+		;;
+	list)
+		git for-each-ref --format='? %(refname)' 'refs/heads/'
+		head=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
+		echo "@$head HEAD"
+		echo
+		;;
+	import*)
+		# read all import lines
+		while true
+		do
+			ref="${line#* }"
+			refs="$refs $ref"
+			read line
+			test "${line%% *}" != "import" && break
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "feature import-marks=$gitmarks"
+			echo "feature export-marks=$gitmarks"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"
+		then
+			echo "feature done"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		echo "feature done"
+		git fast-export \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			$refs |
+		sed -e "s#refs/heads/#${prefix}/heads/#g"
+		echo "done"
+		;;
+	export)
+		if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"
+		then
+			# consume input so fast-export doesn't get SIGPIPE;
+			# git would also notice that case, but we want
+			# to make sure we are exercising the later
+			# error checks
+			while read line; do
+				test "done" = "$line" && break
+			done
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		before=$(git for-each-ref --format=' %(refname) %(objectname) ')
+
+		git fast-import \
+			${force:+--force} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			--quiet
+
+		# figure out which refs were updated
+		git for-each-ref --format='%(refname) %(objectname)' |
+		while read ref a
+		do
+			case "$before" in
+			*" $ref $a "*)
+				continue ;;	# unchanged
+			esac
+			if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR"
+			then
+				echo "ok $ref"
+			else
+				echo "error $ref $GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		echo
+		;;
+	option\ *)
+		read cmd opt val <<-EOF
+		$line
+		EOF
+		case $opt in
+		force)
+			test $val = "true" && force="true" || force=
+			echo "ok"
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "unsupported"
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	'')
+		exit
+		;;
+	esac
+done
diff --git a/git-request-pull.sh b/git-request-pull.sh
index d7ba1178ae..d5500fde46 100755
--- a/git-request-pull.sh
+++ b/git-request-pull.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ LONG_USAGE='Summarizes the changes between two commits to the standard output,
 and includes the given URL in the generated summary.'
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=
 OPTIONS_SPEC='git request-pull [options] start url [end]
 --
 p    show patch text as well
@@ -35,59 +36,94 @@ do
 	shift
 done
 
-base=$1 url=$2 head=${3-HEAD} status=0 branch_name=
+base=$1 url=$2 status=0
 
-headref=$(git symbolic-ref -q "$head")
-if git show-ref -q --verify "$headref"
+test -n "$base" && test -n "$url" || usage
+
+baserev=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$base"^0)
+if test -z "$baserev"
 then
-	branch_name=${headref#refs/heads/}
-	if test "z$branch_name" = "z$headref" ||
-		! git config "branch.$branch_name.description" >/dev/null
-	then
-		branch_name=
-	fi
+    die "fatal: Not a valid revision: $base"
 fi
 
-tag_name=$(git describe --exact "$head^0" 2>/dev/null)
-
-test -n "$base" && test -n "$url" || usage
-baserev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$base"^0) &&
-headrev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$head"^0) || exit
+#
+# $3 must be a symbolic ref, a unique ref, or
+# a SHA object expression. It can also be of
+# the format 'local-name:remote-name'.
+#
+local=${3%:*}
+local=${local:-HEAD}
+remote=${3#*:}
+pretty_remote=${remote#refs/}
+pretty_remote=${pretty_remote#heads/}
+head=$(git symbolic-ref -q "$local")
+head=${head:-$(git show-ref --heads --tags "$local" | cut -d' ' -f2)}
+head=${head:-$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$local")}
+
+# None of the above? Bad.
+test -z "$head" && die "fatal: Not a valid revision: $local"
+
+# This also verifies that the resulting head is unique:
+# "git show-ref" could have shown multiple matching refs..
+headrev=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$head"^0)
+test -z "$headrev" && die "fatal: Ambiguous revision: $local"
+
+# Was it a branch with a description?
+branch_name=${head#refs/heads/}
+if test "z$branch_name" = "z$headref" ||
+	! git config "branch.$branch_name.description" >/dev/null
+then
+	branch_name=
+fi
 
 merge_base=$(git merge-base $baserev $headrev) ||
 die "fatal: No commits in common between $base and $head"
 
-# $head is the token given from the command line. If a ref with that
-# name exists at the remote and their values match, we should use it.
-# Otherwise find a ref that matches $headrev.
+# $head is the refname from the command line.
+# If a ref with the same name as $head exists at the remote
+# and their values match, use that.
+#
+# Otherwise find a random ref that matches $headrev.
 find_matching_ref='
-	sub abbr {
-		my $ref = shift;
-		if ($ref =~ s|refs/heads/|| || $ref =~ s|refs/tags/||) {
-			return $ref;
-		} else {
-			return $ref;
-		}
-	}
+	my ($head,$headrev) = (@ARGV);
+	my ($found);
 
-	my ($exact, $found);
 	while (<STDIN>) {
-		my ($sha1, $ref, $deref) = /^(\S+)\s+(\S+?)(\^\{\})?$/;
-		next unless ($sha1 eq $ARGV[1]);
-		$found = abbr($ref);
-		if ($ref =~ m|/\Q$ARGV[0]\E$|) {
-			$exact = $found;
-			last;
+		chomp;
+		my ($sha1, $ref, $deref) = /^(\S+)\s+([^^]+)(\S*)$/;
+		my ($pattern);
+		next unless ($sha1 eq $headrev);
+
+		$pattern="/$head\$";
+		if ($ref eq $head) {
+			$found = $ref;
+		}
+		if ($ref =~ /$pattern/) {
+			$found = $ref;
+		}
+		if ($sha1 eq $head) {
+			$found = $sha1;
 		}
 	}
-	if ($exact) {
-		print "$exact\n";
-	} elsif ($found) {
+	if ($found) {
 		print "$found\n";
 	}
 '
 
-ref=$(git ls-remote "$url" | perl -e "$find_matching_ref" "$head" "$headrev")
+ref=$(git ls-remote "$url" | @@PERL@@ -e "$find_matching_ref" "${remote:-HEAD}" "$headrev")
+
+if test -z "$ref"
+then
+	echo "warn: No match for commit $headrev found at $url" >&2
+	echo "warn: Are you sure you pushed '${remote:-HEAD}' there?" >&2
+	status=1
+fi
+
+# Special case: turn "for_linus" to "tags/for_linus" when it is correct
+if test "$ref" = "refs/tags/$pretty_remote"
+then
+	pretty_remote=tags/$pretty_remote
+fi
 
 url=$(git ls-remote --get-url "$url")
 
@@ -96,8 +132,8 @@ git show -s --format='The following changes since commit %H:
   %s (%ci)
 
 are available in the git repository at:
-' $baserev &&
-echo "  $url${ref+ $ref}" &&
+' $merge_base &&
+echo "  $url $pretty_remote" &&
 git show -s --format='
 for you to fetch changes up to %H:
 
@@ -105,33 +141,23 @@ for you to fetch changes up to %H:
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------' $headrev &&
 
-if test -n "$branch_name"
-then
-	echo "(from the branch description for $branch_name local branch)"
-	echo
-	git config "branch.$branch_name.description"
-fi &&
-
-if test -n "$tag_name"
+if test $(git cat-file -t "$head") = tag
 then
-	git cat-file tag "$tag_name" |
+	git cat-file tag "$head" |
 	sed -n -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^-----BEGIN PGP /q' -e p
 	echo
+	echo "----------------------------------------------------------------"
 fi &&
 
-if test -n "$branch_name" || test -n "$tag_name"
+if test -n "$branch_name"
 then
+	echo "(from the branch description for $branch_name local branch)"
+	echo
+	git config "branch.$branch_name.description"
 	echo "----------------------------------------------------------------"
 fi &&
 
 git shortlog ^$baserev $headrev &&
 git diff -M --stat --summary $patch $merge_base..$headrev || status=1
 
-if test -z "$ref"
-then
-	echo "warn: No branch of $url is at:" >&2
-	git show -s --format='warn:   %h: %s' $headrev >&2
-	echo "warn: Are you sure you pushed '$head' there?" >&2
-	status=1
-fi
 exit $status
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
index d491db92c9..69587856df 100755
--- a/git-send-email.perl
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use POSIX qw/strftime/;
 use Term::ReadLine;
 use Getopt::Long;
 use Text::ParseWords;
-use Data::Dumper;
 use Term::ANSIColor;
 use File::Temp qw/ tempdir tempfile /;
 use File::Spec::Functions qw(catfile);
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ package main;
 sub usage {
 	print <<EOT;
 git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
+git send-email --dump-aliases
 
   Composing:
     --from                  <str>  * Email From:
@@ -54,9 +55,12 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --[no-]bcc              <str>  * Email Bcc:
     --subject               <str>  * Email "Subject:"
     --in-reply-to           <str>  * Email "In-Reply-To:"
-    --annotate                     * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
+    --[no-]xmailer                 * Add "X-Mailer:" header (default).
+    --[no-]annotate                * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
     --compose                      * Open an editor for introduction.
+    --compose-encoding      <str>  * Encoding to assume for introduction.
     --8bit-encoding         <str>  * Encoding to assume 8bit mails if undeclared
+    --transfer-encoding     <str>  * Transfer encoding to use (quoted-printable, 8bit, base64)
 
   Sending:
     --envelope-sender       <str>  * Email envelope sender.
@@ -68,7 +72,12 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --smtp-pass             <str>  * Password for SMTP-AUTH; not necessary.
     --smtp-encryption       <str>  * tls or ssl; anything else disables.
     --smtp-ssl                     * Deprecated. Use '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
+    --smtp-ssl-cert-path    <str>  * Path to ca-certificates (either directory or file).
+                                     Pass an empty string to disable certificate
+                                     verification.
     --smtp-domain           <str>  * The domain name sent to HELO/EHLO handshake
+    --smtp-auth             <str>  * Space-separated list of allowed AUTH mechanisms.
+                                     This setting forces to use one of the listed mechanisms.
     --smtp-debug            <0|1>  * Disable, enable Net::SMTP debug.
 
   Automating:
@@ -76,6 +85,8 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --to-cmd                <str>  * Email To: via `<str> \$patch_path`
     --cc-cmd                <str>  * Email Cc: via `<str> \$patch_path`
     --suppress-cc           <str>  * author, self, sob, cc, cccmd, body, bodycc, all.
+    --[no-]cc-cover                * Email Cc: addresses in the cover letter.
+    --[no-]to-cover                * Email To: addresses in the cover letter.
     --[no-]signed-off-by-cc        * Send to Signed-off-by: addresses. Default on.
     --[no-]suppress-from           * Send to self. Default off.
     --[no-]chain-reply-to          * Chain In-Reply-To: fields. Default off.
@@ -91,6 +102,9 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
                                      `git format-patch` ones.
     --force                        * Send even if safety checks would prevent it.
 
+  Information:
+    --dump-aliases                 * Dump configured aliases and exit.
+
 EOT
 	exit(1);
 }
@@ -139,10 +153,15 @@ my $have_mail_address = eval { require Mail::Address; 1 };
 my $smtp;
 my $auth;
 
+# Regexes for RFC 2047 productions.
+my $re_token = qr/[^][()<>@,;:\\"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
+my $re_encoded_text = qr/[^? \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
+my $re_encoded_word = qr/=\?($re_token)\?($re_token)\?($re_encoded_text)\?=/;
+
 # Variables we fill in automatically, or via prompting:
 my (@to,$no_to,@initial_to,@cc,$no_cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,$no_bcc,@xh,
 	$initial_reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,
-	$author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$compose,$time);
+	$author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$use_xmailer,$compose,$time);
 
 my $envelope_sender;
 
@@ -165,6 +184,7 @@ my ($quiet, $dry_run) = (0, 0);
 my $format_patch;
 my $compose_filename;
 my $force = 0;
+my $dump_aliases = 0;
 
 # Handle interactive edition of files.
 my $multiedit;
@@ -191,25 +211,31 @@ sub do_edit {
 
 # Variables with corresponding config settings
 my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc);
+my ($cover_cc, $cover_to);
 my ($to_cmd, $cc_cmd);
 my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, @smtp_server_options);
-my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption);
-my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain);
+my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption, $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain, $smtp_auth);
 my ($validate, $confirm);
 my (@suppress_cc);
 my ($auto_8bit_encoding);
+my ($compose_encoding);
+my ($target_xfer_encoding);
 
 my ($debug_net_smtp) = 0;		# Net::SMTP, see send_message()
 
-my $not_set_by_user = "true but not set by the user";
-
 my %config_bool_settings = (
     "thread" => [\$thread, 1],
-    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, $not_set_by_user],
+    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, 0],
     "suppressfrom" => [\$suppress_from, undef],
     "signedoffbycc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],
+    "cccover" => [\$cover_cc, undef],
+    "tocover" => [\$cover_to, undef],
     "signedoffcc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],      # Deprecated
     "validate" => [\$validate, 1],
+    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef],
+    "annotate" => [\$annotate, undef],
+    "xmailer" => [\$use_xmailer, 1]
 );
 
 my %config_settings = (
@@ -219,6 +245,7 @@ my %config_settings = (
     "smtpuser" => \$smtp_authuser,
     "smtppass" => \$smtp_authpass,
     "smtpdomain" => \$smtp_domain,
+    "smtpauth" => \$smtp_auth,
     "to" => \@initial_to,
     "tocmd" => \$to_cmd,
     "cc" => \@initial_cc,
@@ -227,29 +254,18 @@ my %config_settings = (
     "bcc" => \@bcclist,
     "suppresscc" => \@suppress_cc,
     "envelopesender" => \$envelope_sender,
-    "multiedit" => \$multiedit,
     "confirm"   => \$confirm,
     "from" => \$sender,
     "assume8bitencoding" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+    "composeencoding" => \$compose_encoding,
+    "transferencoding" => \$target_xfer_encoding,
 );
 
 my %config_path_settings = (
     "aliasesfile" => \@alias_files,
+    "smtpsslcertpath" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
 );
 
-# Help users prepare for 1.7.0
-sub chain_reply_to {
-	if (defined $chain_reply_to &&
-	    $chain_reply_to eq $not_set_by_user) {
-		print STDERR
-		    "In git 1.7.0, the default has changed to --no-chain-reply-to\n" .
-		    "Set sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to true if\n" .
-		    "you want to keep --chain-reply-to as your default.\n";
-		$chain_reply_to = 0;
-	}
-	return $chain_reply_to;
-}
-
 # Handle Uncouth Termination
 sub signal_handler {
 
@@ -280,6 +296,11 @@ $SIG{INT}  = \&signal_handler;
 
 my $help;
 my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
+                    "dump-aliases" => \$dump_aliases);
+usage() unless $rc;
+die "--dump-aliases incompatible with other options\n"
+    if !$help and $dump_aliases and @ARGV;
+$rc = GetOptions(
 		    "sender|from=s" => \$sender,
                     "in-reply-to=s" => \$initial_reply_to,
 		    "subject=s" => \$initial_subject,
@@ -291,6 +312,7 @@ my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
 		    "bcc=s" => \@bcclist,
 		    "no-bcc" => \$no_bcc,
 		    "chain-reply-to!" => \$chain_reply_to,
+		    "no-chain-reply-to" => sub {$chain_reply_to = 0},
 		    "smtp-server=s" => \$smtp_server,
 		    "smtp-server-option=s" => \@smtp_server_options,
 		    "smtp-server-port=s" => \$smtp_server_port,
@@ -298,24 +320,40 @@ my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
 		    "smtp-pass:s" => \$smtp_authpass,
 		    "smtp-ssl" => sub { $smtp_encryption = 'ssl' },
 		    "smtp-encryption=s" => \$smtp_encryption,
+		    "smtp-ssl-cert-path=s" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
 		    "smtp-debug:i" => \$debug_net_smtp,
 		    "smtp-domain:s" => \$smtp_domain,
+		    "smtp-auth=s" => \$smtp_auth,
 		    "identity=s" => \$identity,
-		    "annotate" => \$annotate,
+		    "annotate!" => \$annotate,
+		    "no-annotate" => sub {$annotate = 0},
 		    "compose" => \$compose,
 		    "quiet" => \$quiet,
 		    "cc-cmd=s" => \$cc_cmd,
 		    "suppress-from!" => \$suppress_from,
+		    "no-suppress-from" => sub {$suppress_from = 0},
 		    "suppress-cc=s" => \@suppress_cc,
 		    "signed-off-cc|signed-off-by-cc!" => \$signed_off_by_cc,
+		    "no-signed-off-cc|no-signed-off-by-cc" => sub {$signed_off_by_cc = 0},
+		    "cc-cover|cc-cover!" => \$cover_cc,
+		    "no-cc-cover" => sub {$cover_cc = 0},
+		    "to-cover|to-cover!" => \$cover_to,
+		    "no-to-cover" => sub {$cover_to = 0},
 		    "confirm=s" => \$confirm,
 		    "dry-run" => \$dry_run,
 		    "envelope-sender=s" => \$envelope_sender,
 		    "thread!" => \$thread,
+		    "no-thread" => sub {$thread = 0},
 		    "validate!" => \$validate,
+		    "no-validate" => sub {$validate = 0},
+		    "transfer-encoding=s" => \$target_xfer_encoding,
 		    "format-patch!" => \$format_patch,
+		    "no-format-patch" => sub {$format_patch = 0},
 		    "8bit-encoding=s" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+		    "compose-encoding=s" => \$compose_encoding,
 		    "force" => \$force,
+		    "xmailer!" => \$use_xmailer,
+		    "no-xmailer" => sub {$use_xmailer = 0},
 	 );
 
 usage() if $help;
@@ -436,25 +474,11 @@ my ($repoauthor, $repocommitter);
 ($repoauthor) = Git::ident_person(@repo, 'author');
 ($repocommitter) = Git::ident_person(@repo, 'committer');
 
-# Verify the user input
-
-foreach my $entry (@initial_to) {
-	die "Comma in --to entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
-}
-
-foreach my $entry (@initial_cc) {
-	die "Comma in --cc entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
-}
-
-foreach my $entry (@bcclist) {
-	die "Comma in --bcclist entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
-}
-
 sub parse_address_line {
 	if ($have_mail_address) {
 		return map { $_->format } Mail::Address->parse($_[0]);
 	} else {
-		return split_addrs($_[0]);
+		return Git::parse_mailboxes($_[0]);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -463,17 +487,53 @@ sub split_addrs {
 }
 
 my %aliases;
+
+sub parse_sendmail_alias {
+	local $_ = shift;
+	if (/"/) {
+		print STDERR "warning: sendmail alias with quotes is not supported: $_\n";
+	} elsif (/:include:/) {
+		print STDERR "warning: `:include:` not supported: $_\n";
+	} elsif (/[\/|]/) {
+		print STDERR "warning: `/file` or `|pipe` redirection not supported: $_\n";
+	} elsif (/^(\S+?)\s*:\s*(.+)$/) {
+		my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
+		$aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "warning: sendmail line is not recognized: $_\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub parse_sendmail_aliases {
+	my $fh = shift;
+	my $s = '';
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		next if /^\s*$/ || /^\s*#/;
+		$s .= $_, next if $s =~ s/\\$// || s/^\s+//;
+		parse_sendmail_alias($s) if $s;
+		$s = $_;
+	}
+	$s =~ s/\\$//; # silently tolerate stray '\' on last line
+	parse_sendmail_alias($s) if $s;
+}
+
 my %parse_alias = (
 	# multiline formats can be supported in the future
 	mutt => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
 		if (/^\s*alias\s+(?:-group\s+\S+\s+)*(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
 			my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
 			$addr =~ s/#.*$//; # mutt allows # comments
-			 # commas delimit multiple addresses
-			$aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
+			# commas delimit multiple addresses
+			my @addr = split_addrs($addr);
+
+			# quotes may be escaped in the file,
+			# unescape them so we do not double-escape them later.
+			s/\\"/"/g foreach @addr;
+			$aliases{$alias} = \@addr
 		}}},
 	mailrc => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
-		if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
+		if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*?)\s*$/) {
 			# spaces delimit multiple addresses
 			$aliases{$1} = [ quotewords('\s+', 0, $2) ];
 		}}},
@@ -491,7 +551,7 @@ my %parse_alias = (
 			       $aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
 			  }
 		      } },
-
+	sendmail => \&parse_sendmail_aliases,
 	gnus => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
 		if (/\(define-mail-alias\s+"(\S+?)"\s+"(\S+?)"\)/) {
 			$aliases{$1} = [ $2 ];
@@ -506,10 +566,14 @@ if (@alias_files and $aliasfiletype and defined $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}) {
 	}
 }
 
-($sender) = expand_aliases($sender) if defined $sender;
+if ($dump_aliases) {
+    print "$_\n" for (sort keys %aliases);
+    exit(0);
+}
 
-# returns 1 if the conflict must be solved using it as a format-patch argument
-sub check_file_rev_conflict($) {
+# is_format_patch_arg($f) returns 0 if $f names a patch, or 1 if
+# $f is a revision list specification to be passed to format-patch.
+sub is_format_patch_arg {
 	return unless $repo;
 	my $f = shift;
 	try {
@@ -525,6 +589,7 @@ to produce patches for.  Please disambiguate by...
     * Giving --format-patch option if you mean a range.
 EOF
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		# Not a valid revision.  Treat it as a filename.
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -536,14 +601,14 @@ while (defined(my $f = shift @ARGV)) {
 	if ($f eq "--") {
 		push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
 		@ARGV = ();
-	} elsif (-d $f and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif (-d $f and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		opendir my $dh, $f
 			or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";
 
 		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { catfile($f, $_) }
 				sort readdir $dh;
 		closedir $dh;
-	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		push @files, $f;
 	} else {
 		push @rev_list_opts, $f;
@@ -632,6 +697,9 @@ EOT
 	my $need_8bit_cte = file_has_nonascii($compose_filename);
 	my $in_body = 0;
 	my $summary_empty = 1;
+	if (!defined $compose_encoding) {
+		$compose_encoding = "UTF-8";
+	}
 	while(<$c>) {
 		next if m/^GIT:/;
 		if ($in_body) {
@@ -641,7 +709,7 @@ EOT
 			if ($need_8bit_cte) {
 				print $c2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
 					 "Content-Type: text/plain; ",
-					   "charset=UTF-8\n",
+					   "charset=$compose_encoding\n",
 					 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
 			}
 		} elsif (/^MIME-Version:/i) {
@@ -650,9 +718,7 @@ EOT
 			$initial_subject = $1;
 			my $subject = $initial_subject;
 			$_ = "Subject: " .
-				($subject =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/ ?
-				 quote_rfc2047($subject) :
-				 $subject) .
+				quote_subject($subject, $compose_encoding) .
 				"\n";
 		} elsif (/^In-Reply-To:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
 			$initial_reply_to = $1;
@@ -681,6 +747,7 @@ sub ask {
 	my ($prompt, %arg) = @_;
 	my $valid_re = $arg{valid_re};
 	my $default = $arg{default};
+	my $confirm_only = $arg{confirm_only};
 	my $resp;
 	my $i = 0;
 	return defined $default ? $default : undef
@@ -698,8 +765,14 @@ sub ask {
 		if (!defined $valid_re or $resp =~ /$valid_re/) {
 			return $resp;
 		}
+		if ($confirm_only) {
+			my $yesno = $term->readline("Are you sure you want to use <$resp> [y/N]? ");
+			if (defined $yesno && $yesno =~ /y/i) {
+				return $resp;
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 my %broken_encoding;
@@ -728,6 +801,7 @@ if (!defined $auto_8bit_encoding && scalar %broken_encoding) {
 		print "    $f\n";
 	}
 	$auto_8bit_encoding = ask("Which 8bit encoding should I declare [UTF-8]? ",
+				  valid_re => qr/.{4}/, confirm_only => 1,
 				  default => "UTF-8");
 }
 
@@ -741,17 +815,24 @@ if (!$force) {
 	}
 }
 
-my $prompting = 0;
-if (!defined $sender) {
+if (defined $sender) {
+	$sender =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+	($sender) = expand_aliases($sender);
+} else {
 	$sender = $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
-	$sender = ask("Who should the emails appear to be from? [$sender] ",
-	              default => $sender);
-	print "Emails will be sent from: ", $sender, "\n";
-	$prompting++;
 }
 
+# $sender could be an already sanitized address
+# (e.g. sendemail.from could be manually sanitized by user).
+# But it's a no-op to run sanitize_address on an already sanitized address.
+$sender = sanitize_address($sender);
+
+my $to_whom = "To whom should the emails be sent (if anyone)?";
+my $prompting = 0;
 if (!@initial_to && !defined $to_cmd) {
-	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to? ");
+	my $to = ask("$to_whom ",
+		     default => "",
+		     valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
 	push @initial_to, parse_address_line($to) if defined $to; # sanitized/validated later
 	$prompting++;
 }
@@ -770,14 +851,15 @@ sub expand_one_alias {
 	return $aliases{$alias} ? expand_aliases(@{$aliases{$alias}}) : $alias;
 }
 
-@initial_to = expand_aliases(@initial_to);
-@initial_to = (map { sanitize_address($_) } @initial_to);
-@initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
-@bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);
+@initial_to = process_address_list(@initial_to);
+@initial_cc = process_address_list(@initial_cc);
+@bcclist = process_address_list(@bcclist);
 
 if ($thread && !defined $initial_reply_to && $prompting) {
 	$initial_reply_to = ask(
-		"Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email? ");
+		"Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email (if any)? ",
+		default => "",
+		valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
 }
 if (defined $initial_reply_to) {
 	$initial_reply_to =~ s/^\s*<?//;
@@ -814,12 +896,45 @@ sub extract_valid_address {
 	$address =~ s/^\s*<(.*)>\s*$/$1/;
 	if ($have_email_valid) {
 		return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
-	} else {
-		# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
-		# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
-		$address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
-		return $1;
 	}
+
+	# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
+	# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
+	return $1 if $address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
+	return;
+}
+
+sub extract_valid_address_or_die {
+	my $address = shift;
+	$address = extract_valid_address($address);
+	die "error: unable to extract a valid address from: $address\n"
+		if !$address;
+	return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address {
+	my $address = shift;
+	while (!extract_valid_address($address)) {
+		print STDERR "error: unable to extract a valid address from: $address\n";
+		$_ = ask("What to do with this address? ([q]uit|[d]rop|[e]dit): ",
+			valid_re => qr/^(?:quit|q|drop|d|edit|e)/i,
+			default => 'q');
+		if (/^d/i) {
+			return undef;
+		} elsif (/^q/i) {
+			cleanup_compose_files();
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		$address = ask("$to_whom ",
+			default => "",
+			valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
+	}
+	return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address_list {
+	return (grep { defined $_ }
+		map { validate_address($_) } @_);
 }
 
 # Usually don't need to change anything below here.
@@ -835,7 +950,7 @@ my ($message_id_stamp, $message_id_serial);
 sub make_message_id {
 	my $uniq;
 	if (!defined $message_id_stamp) {
-		$message_id_stamp = sprintf("%s-%s", time, $$);
+		$message_id_stamp = strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S.$$", gmtime(time));
 		$message_id_serial = 0;
 	}
 	$message_id_serial++;
@@ -850,7 +965,7 @@ sub make_message_id {
 		require Sys::Hostname;
 		$du_part = 'user@' . Sys::Hostname::hostname();
 	}
-	my $message_id_template = "<%s-git-send-email-%s>";
+	my $message_id_template = "<%s-%s>";
 	$message_id = sprintf($message_id_template, $uniq, $du_part);
 	#print "new message id = $message_id\n"; # Was useful for debugging
 }
@@ -861,13 +976,26 @@ $time = time - scalar $#files;
 
 sub unquote_rfc2047 {
 	local ($_) = @_;
-	my $encoding;
-	if (s/=\?([^?]+)\?q\?(.*)\?=/$2/g) {
-		$encoding = $1;
-		s/_/ /g;
-		s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
-	}
-	return wantarray ? ($_, $encoding) : $_;
+	my $charset;
+	my $sep = qr/[ \t]+/;
+	s{$re_encoded_word(?:$sep$re_encoded_word)*}{
+		my @words = split $sep, $&;
+		foreach (@words) {
+			m/$re_encoded_word/;
+			$charset = $1;
+			my $encoding = $2;
+			my $text = $3;
+			if ($encoding eq 'q' || $encoding eq 'Q') {
+				$_ = $text;
+				s/_/ /g;
+				s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/egi;
+			} else {
+				# other encodings not supported yet
+			}
+		}
+		join '', @words;
+	}eg;
+	return wantarray ? ($_, $charset) : $_;
 }
 
 sub quote_rfc2047 {
@@ -880,15 +1008,33 @@ sub quote_rfc2047 {
 
 sub is_rfc2047_quoted {
 	my $s = shift;
-	my $token = qr/[^][()<>@,;:"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
-	my $encoded_text = qr/[!->@-~]+/;
 	length($s) <= 75 &&
-	$s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|=\?$token\?$token\?$encoded_text\?=)$/o;
+	$s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|$re_encoded_word)$/o;
+}
+
+sub subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting {
+	my $s = shift;
+
+	return ($s =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) || ($s =~ /=\?/);
+}
+
+sub quote_subject {
+	local $subject = shift;
+	my $encoding = shift || 'UTF-8';
+
+	if (subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting($subject)) {
+		return quote_rfc2047($subject, $encoding);
+	}
+	return $subject;
 }
 
 # use the simplest quoting being able to handle the recipient
 sub sanitize_address {
 	my ($recipient) = @_;
+
+	# remove garbage after email address
+	$recipient =~ s/(.*>).*$/$1/;
+
 	my ($recipient_name, $recipient_addr) = ($recipient =~ /^(.*?)\s*(<.*)/);
 
 	if (not $recipient_name) {
@@ -900,15 +1046,17 @@ sub sanitize_address {
 		return $recipient;
 	}
 
+	# remove non-escaped quotes
+	$recipient_name =~ s/(^|[^\\])"/$1/g;
+
 	# rfc2047 is needed if a non-ascii char is included
 	if ($recipient_name =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) {
-		$recipient_name =~ s/^"(.*)"$/$1/;
 		$recipient_name = quote_rfc2047($recipient_name);
 	}
 
 	# double quotes are needed if specials or CTLs are included
 	elsif ($recipient_name =~ /[][()<>@,;:\\".\000-\037\177]/) {
-		$recipient_name =~ s/(["\\\r])/\\$1/g;
+		$recipient_name =~ s/([\\\r])/\\$1/g;
 		$recipient_name = qq["$recipient_name"];
 	}
 
@@ -916,6 +1064,18 @@ sub sanitize_address {
 
 }
 
+sub sanitize_address_list {
+	return (map { sanitize_address($_) } @_);
+}
+
+sub process_address_list {
+	my @addr_list = map { parse_address_line($_) } @_;
+	@addr_list = expand_aliases(@addr_list);
+	@addr_list = sanitize_address_list(@addr_list);
+	@addr_list = validate_address_list(@addr_list);
+	return @addr_list;
+}
+
 # Returns the local Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) if available.
 #
 # Tightly configured MTAa require that a caller sends a real DNS
@@ -972,20 +1132,120 @@ sub maildomain {
 	return maildomain_net() || maildomain_mta() || 'localhost.localdomain';
 }
 
+sub smtp_host_string {
+	if (defined $smtp_server_port) {
+		return "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port";
+	} else {
+		return $smtp_server;
+	}
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if authentication succeeded or was not necessary
+# (smtp_user was not specified), and 0 otherwise.
+
+sub smtp_auth_maybe {
+	if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
+	# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
+	eval {
+		require Authen::SASL;
+		Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
+	};
+
+	# Check mechanism naming as defined in:
+	# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4422#page-8
+	if ($smtp_auth && $smtp_auth !~ /^(\b[A-Z0-9-_]{1,20}\s*)*$/) {
+		die "invalid smtp auth: '${smtp_auth}'";
+	}
+
+	# TODO: Authentication may fail not because credentials were
+	# invalid but due to other reasons, in which we should not
+	# reject credentials.
+	$auth = Git::credential({
+		'protocol' => 'smtp',
+		'host' => smtp_host_string(),
+		'username' => $smtp_authuser,
+		# if there's no password, "git credential fill" will
+		# give us one, otherwise it'll just pass this one.
+		'password' => $smtp_authpass
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+
+		if ($smtp_auth) {
+			my $sasl = Authen::SASL->new(
+				mechanism => $smtp_auth,
+				callback => {
+					user => $cred->{'username'},
+					pass => $cred->{'password'},
+					authname => $cred->{'username'},
+				}
+			);
+
+			return !!$smtp->auth($sasl);
+		}
+
+		return !!$smtp->auth($cred->{'username'}, $cred->{'password'});
+	});
+
+	return $auth;
+}
+
+sub ssl_verify_params {
+	eval {
+		require IO::Socket::SSL;
+		IO::Socket::SSL->import(qw/SSL_VERIFY_PEER SSL_VERIFY_NONE/);
+	};
+	if ($@) {
+		print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER due to out-of-date IO::Socket::SSL.\n";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!defined $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		# use the OpenSSL defaults
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER());
+	}
+
+	if ($smtp_ssl_cert_path eq "") {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
+	} elsif (-d $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+			SSL_ca_path => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+	} elsif (-f $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+			SSL_ca_file => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+	} else {
+		die "CA path \"$smtp_ssl_cert_path\" does not exist";
+	}
+}
+
+sub file_name_is_absolute {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+
+	# msys does not grok DOS drive-prefixes
+	if ($^O eq 'msys') {
+		return ($path =~ m#^/# || $path =~ m#^[a-zA-Z]\:#)
+	}
+
+	require File::Spec::Functions;
+	return File::Spec::Functions::file_name_is_absolute($path);
+}
+
 # Returns 1 if the message was sent, and 0 otherwise.
 # In actuality, the whole program dies when there
 # is an error sending a message.
 
 sub send_message {
 	my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
-	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address($_);
+	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address_or_die($_);
 		      not grep { $cc eq $_ || $_ =~ /<\Q${cc}\E>$/ } @recipients
 		    }
-	       map { sanitize_address($_) }
 	       @cc);
 	my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
 	@recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
-	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address($_) } @recipients);
+	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address_or_die($_) } @recipients);
 	my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
 	my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
 	if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
@@ -997,16 +1257,17 @@ sub send_message {
 	if ($cc ne '') {
 		$ccline = "\nCc: $cc";
 	}
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	make_message_id() unless defined($message_id);
 
-	my $header = "From: $sanitized_sender
+	my $header = "From: $sender
 To: $to${ccline}
 Subject: $subject
 Date: $date
 Message-Id: $message_id
-X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 ";
+	if ($use_xmailer) {
+		$header .= "X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion\n";
+	}
 	if ($reply_to) {
 
 		$header .= "In-Reply-To: $reply_to\n";
@@ -1017,7 +1278,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 	}
 
 	my @sendmail_parameters = ('-i', @recipients);
-	my $raw_from = $sanitized_sender;
+	my $raw_from = $sender;
 	if (defined $envelope_sender && $envelope_sender ne "auto") {
 		$raw_from = $envelope_sender;
 	}
@@ -1058,7 +1319,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 
 	if ($dry_run) {
 		# We don't want to send the email.
-	} elsif ($smtp_server =~ m#^/#) {
+	} elsif (file_name_is_absolute($smtp_server)) {
 		my $pid = open my $sm, '|-';
 		defined $pid or die $!;
 		if (!$pid) {
@@ -1076,25 +1337,38 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 			$smtp_server_port ||= 465; # ssmtp
 			require Net::SMTP::SSL;
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
+			require IO::Socket::SSL;
+
+			# Suppress "variable accessed once" warning.
+			{
+				no warnings 'once';
+				$IO::Socket::SSL::DEBUG = 1;
+			}
+
+			# Net::SMTP::SSL->new() does not forward any SSL options
+			IO::Socket::SSL::set_client_defaults(
+				ssl_verify_params());
 			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP::SSL->new($smtp_server,
 						      Hello => $smtp_domain,
-						      Port => $smtp_server_port);
+						      Port => $smtp_server_port,
+						      Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
 		}
 		else {
 			require Net::SMTP;
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
-			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new((defined $smtp_server_port)
-						 ? "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port"
-						 : $smtp_server,
+			$smtp_server_port ||= 25;
+			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server,
 						 Hello => $smtp_domain,
-						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
+						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp,
+						 Port => $smtp_server_port);
 			if ($smtp_encryption eq 'tls' && $smtp) {
 				require Net::SMTP::SSL;
 				$smtp->command('STARTTLS');
 				$smtp->response();
 				if ($smtp->code == 220) {
-					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp)
-						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".$smtp->message;
+					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp,
+									  ssl_verify_params())
+						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".IO::Socket::SSL::errstr();
 					$smtp_encryption = '';
 					# Send EHLO again to receive fresh
 					# supported commands
@@ -1113,36 +1387,16 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 			    defined $smtp_server_port ? " port=$smtp_server_port" : "";
 		}
 
-		if (defined $smtp_authuser) {
-			# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
-			# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
-			eval {
-				require Authen::SASL;
-				Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
-			};
-
-			if (!defined $smtp_authpass) {
-
-				system "stty -echo";
-
-				do {
-					print "Password: ";
-					$_ = <STDIN>;
-					print "\n";
-				} while (!defined $_);
-
-				chomp($smtp_authpass = $_);
-
-				system "stty echo";
-			}
-
-			$auth ||= $smtp->auth( $smtp_authuser, $smtp_authpass ) or die $smtp->message;
-		}
+		smtp_auth_maybe or die $smtp->message;
 
 		$smtp->mail( $raw_from ) or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->data or die $smtp->message;
-		$smtp->datasend("$header\n$message") or die $smtp->message;
+		$smtp->datasend("$header\n") or die $smtp->message;
+		my @lines = split /^/, $message;
+		foreach my $line (@lines) {
+			$smtp->datasend("$line") or die $smtp->message;
+		}
 		$smtp->dataend() or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->code =~ /250|200/ or die "Failed to send $subject\n".$smtp->message;
 	}
@@ -1150,7 +1404,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 		printf (($dry_run ? "Dry-" : "")."Sent %s\n", $subject);
 	} else {
 		print (($dry_run ? "Dry-" : "")."OK. Log says:\n");
-		if ($smtp_server !~ m#^/#) {
+		if (!file_name_is_absolute($smtp_server)) {
 			print "Server: $smtp_server\n";
 			print "MAIL FROM:<$raw_from>\n";
 			foreach my $entry (@recipients) {
@@ -1180,9 +1434,12 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 	open my $fh, "<", $t or die "can't open file $t";
 
 	my $author = undef;
+	my $sauthor = undef;
 	my $author_encoding;
 	my $has_content_type;
 	my $body_encoding;
+	my $xfer_encoding;
+	my $has_mime_version;
 	@to = ();
 	@cc = ();
 	@xh = ();
@@ -1213,27 +1470,30 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 		}
 
 		if (defined $input_format && $input_format eq 'mbox') {
-			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				$subject = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				($author, $author_encoding) = unquote_rfc2047($1);
+				$sauthor = sanitize_address($author);
 				next if $suppress_cc{'author'};
-				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $author eq $sender;
+				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $sauthor eq $sender;
 				printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
 					$1, $_) unless $quiet;
 				push @cc, $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
 					printf("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n",
 						$addr, $_) unless $quiet;
-					push @to, sanitize_address($addr);
+					push @to, $addr;
 				}
 			}
-			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
-					if (unquote_rfc2047($addr) eq $sender) {
+					my $qaddr = unquote_rfc2047($addr);
+					my $saddr = sanitize_address($qaddr);
+					if ($saddr eq $sender) {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 					} else {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'cc'});
@@ -1250,10 +1510,17 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 				}
 				push @xh, $_;
 			}
+			elsif (/^MIME-Version/i) {
+				$has_mime_version = 1;
+				push @xh, $_;
+			}
 			elsif (/^Message-Id: (.*)/i) {
 				$message_id = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (!/^Date:\s/ && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
+			elsif (/^Content-Transfer-Encoding: (.*)/i) {
+				$xfer_encoding = $1 if not defined $xfer_encoding;
+			}
+			elsif (!/^Date:\s/i && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
 				push @xh, $_;
 			}
 
@@ -1280,7 +1547,8 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 			chomp;
 			my ($what, $c) = ($1, $2);
 			chomp $c;
-			if ($c eq $sender) {
+			my $sc = sanitize_address($c);
+			if ($sc eq $sender) {
 				next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 			} else {
 				next if $suppress_cc{'sob'} and $what =~ /Signed-off-by/i;
@@ -1299,18 +1567,17 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 		if defined $cc_cmd && !$suppress_cc{'cccmd'};
 
 	if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !$has_content_type) {
+		$xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
 		$has_content_type = 1;
-		push @xh, "MIME-Version: 1.0",
-			"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$auto_8bit_encoding",
-			"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit";
+		push @xh, "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$auto_8bit_encoding";
 		$body_encoding = $auto_8bit_encoding;
 	}
 
 	if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !is_rfc2047_quoted($subject)) {
-		$subject = quote_rfc2047($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
+		$subject = quote_subject($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
 	}
 
-	if (defined $author and $author ne $sender) {
+	if (defined $sauthor and $sauthor ne $sender) {
 		$message = "From: $author\n\n$message";
 		if (defined $author_encoding) {
 			if ($has_content_type) {
@@ -1322,14 +1589,25 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 				}
 			}
 			else {
+				$xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
 				$has_content_type = 1;
 				push @xh,
-				  'MIME-Version: 1.0',
-				  "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$author_encoding",
-				  'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit';
+				  "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$author_encoding";
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	if (defined $target_xfer_encoding) {
+		$xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
+		$message = apply_transfer_encoding(
+			$message, $xfer_encoding, $target_xfer_encoding);
+		$xfer_encoding = $target_xfer_encoding;
+	}
+	if (defined $xfer_encoding) {
+		push @xh, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: $xfer_encoding";
+	}
+	if (defined $xfer_encoding or $has_content_type) {
+		unshift @xh, 'MIME-Version: 1.0' unless $has_mime_version;
+	}
 
 	$needs_confirm = (
 		$confirm eq "always" or
@@ -1337,14 +1615,26 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 		($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|compose)$/ && $compose && $message_num == 1));
 	$needs_confirm = "inform" if ($needs_confirm && $confirm_unconfigured && @cc);
 
+	@to = process_address_list(@to);
+	@cc = process_address_list(@cc);
+
 	@to = (@initial_to, @to);
 	@cc = (@initial_cc, @cc);
 
+	if ($message_num == 1) {
+		if (defined $cover_cc and $cover_cc) {
+			@initial_cc = @cc;
+		}
+		if (defined $cover_to and $cover_to) {
+			@initial_to = @to;
+		}
+	}
+
 	my $message_was_sent = send_message();
 
 	# set up for the next message
 	if ($thread && $message_was_sent &&
-		(chain_reply_to() || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
+		($chain_reply_to || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
 		$message_num == 1)) {
 		$reply_to = $message_id;
 		if (length $references > 0) {
@@ -1361,15 +1651,14 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 sub recipients_cmd {
 	my ($prefix, $what, $cmd, $file) = @_;
 
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	my @addresses = ();
-	open my $fh, "$cmd \Q$file\E |"
+	open my $fh, "-|", "$cmd \Q$file\E"
 	    or die "($prefix) Could not execute '$cmd'";
 	while (my $address = <$fh>) {
 		$address =~ s/^\s*//g;
 		$address =~ s/\s*$//g;
 		$address = sanitize_address($address);
-		next if ($address eq $sanitized_sender and $suppress_from);
+		next if ($address eq $sender and $suppress_cc{'self'});
 		push @addresses, $address;
 		printf("($prefix) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n",
 		       $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
@@ -1387,19 +1676,41 @@ sub cleanup_compose_files {
 
 $smtp->quit if $smtp;
 
+sub apply_transfer_encoding {
+	my $message = shift;
+	my $from = shift;
+	my $to = shift;
+
+	return $message if ($from eq $to and $from ne '7bit');
+
+	require MIME::QuotedPrint;
+	require MIME::Base64;
+
+	$message = MIME::QuotedPrint::decode($message)
+		if ($from eq 'quoted-printable');
+	$message = MIME::Base64::decode($message)
+		if ($from eq 'base64');
+
+	die "cannot send message as 7bit"
+		if ($to eq '7bit' and $message =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/);
+	return $message
+		if ($to eq '7bit' or $to eq '8bit');
+	return MIME::QuotedPrint::encode($message, "\n", 0)
+		if ($to eq 'quoted-printable');
+	return MIME::Base64::encode($message, "\n")
+		if ($to eq 'base64');
+	die "invalid transfer encoding";
+}
+
 sub unique_email_list {
 	my %seen;
 	my @emails;
 
 	foreach my $entry (@_) {
-		if (my $clean = extract_valid_address($entry)) {
-			$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
-			next if $seen{$clean}++;
-			push @emails, $entry;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "W: unable to extract a valid address",
-					" from: $entry\n";
-		}
+		my $clean = extract_valid_address_or_die($entry);
+		$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
+		next if $seen{$clean}++;
+		push @emails, $entry;
 	}
 	return @emails;
 }
@@ -1413,7 +1724,7 @@ sub validate_patch {
 			return "$.: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters";
 		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 sub file_has_nonascii {
diff --git a/git-sh-i18n.sh b/git-sh-i18n.sh
index b4575fb3a1..e6c3116e18 100644
--- a/git-sh-i18n.sh
+++ b/git-sh-i18n.sh
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This shell library is Git's interface to gettext.sh. See po/README
+# for usage instructions.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason
 #
-# This is Git's interface to gettext.sh. See po/README for usage
-# instructions.
 
 # Export the TEXTDOMAIN* data that we need for Git
 TEXTDOMAIN=git
@@ -16,61 +15,48 @@ else
 fi
 export TEXTDOMAINDIR
 
-if test -z "$GIT_GETTEXT_POISON"
+# First decide what scheme to use...
+GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME=fallthrough
+if test -n "@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@"
+then
+	GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME="@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@"
+elif test -n "$GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_TEST_FALLBACKS"
+then
+	: no probing necessary
+elif test -n "$GIT_GETTEXT_POISON"
 then
-	if test -z "$GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_TEST_FALLBACKS" && type gettext.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
-	then
-		# This is GNU libintl's gettext.sh, we don't need to do anything
-		# else than setting up the environment and loading gettext.sh
-		GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME=gnu
-		export GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME
-
-		# Try to use libintl's gettext.sh, or fall back to English if we
-		# can't.
-		. gettext.sh
-
-	elif test -z "$GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_TEST_FALLBACKS" && test "$(gettext -h 2>&1)" = "-h"
-	then
-		# We don't have gettext.sh, but there's a gettext binary in our
-		# path. This is probably Solaris or something like it which has a
-		# gettext implementation that isn't GNU libintl.
-		GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME=solaris
-		export GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME
-
-		# Solaris has a gettext(1) but no eval_gettext(1)
-		eval_gettext () {
-			gettext "$1" | (
-				export PATH $(git sh-i18n--envsubst --variables "$1");
-				git sh-i18n--envsubst "$1"
-			)
-		}
-
-	else
-		# Since gettext.sh isn't available we'll have to define our own
-		# dummy pass-through functions.
-
-		# Tell our tests that we don't have the real gettext.sh
-		GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME=fallthrough
-		export GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME
-
-		gettext () {
-			printf "%s" "$1"
-		}
-
-		eval_gettext () {
-			printf "%s" "$1" | (
-				export PATH $(git sh-i18n--envsubst --variables "$1");
-				git sh-i18n--envsubst "$1"
-			)
-		}
-	fi
-else
-	# Emit garbage under GETTEXT_POISON=YesPlease. Unlike the C tests
-	# this relies on an environment variable
-
 	GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME=poison
-	export GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME
+elif type gettext.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	# GNU libintl's gettext.sh
+	GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME=gnu
+elif test "$(gettext -h 2>&1)" = "-h"
+then
+	# gettext binary exists but no gettext.sh. likely to be a gettext
+	# binary on a Solaris or something that is not GNU libintl and
+	# lack eval_gettext.
+	GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME=gettext_without_eval_gettext
+fi
+export GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME
 
+# ... and then follow that decision.
+case "$GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME" in
+gnu)
+	# Use libintl's gettext.sh, or fall back to English if we can't.
+	. gettext.sh
+	;;
+gettext_without_eval_gettext)
+	# Solaris has a gettext(1) but no eval_gettext(1)
+	eval_gettext () {
+		gettext "$1" | (
+			export PATH $(git sh-i18n--envsubst --variables "$1");
+			git sh-i18n--envsubst "$1"
+		)
+	}
+	;;
+poison)
+	# Emit garbage so that tests that incorrectly rely on translatable
+	# strings will fail.
 	gettext () {
 		printf "%s" "# GETTEXT POISON #"
 	}
@@ -78,7 +64,20 @@ else
 	eval_gettext () {
 		printf "%s" "# GETTEXT POISON #"
 	}
-fi
+	;;
+*)
+	gettext () {
+		printf "%s" "$1"
+	}
+
+	eval_gettext () {
+		printf "%s" "$1" | (
+			export PATH $(git sh-i18n--envsubst --variables "$1");
+			git sh-i18n--envsubst "$1"
+		)
+	}
+	;;
+esac
 
 # Git-specific wrapper functions
 gettextln () {
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.sh b/git-sh-setup.sh
index 1fba6c2de0..85db5f1c63 100644
--- a/git-sh-setup.sh
+++ b/git-sh-setup.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# This is included in commands that either have to be run from the toplevel
-# of the repository, or with GIT_DIR environment variable properly.
-# If the GIT_DIR does not look like the right correct git-repository,
-# it dies.
+# This shell scriplet is meant to be included by other shell scripts
+# to set up some variables pointing at the normal git directories and
+# a few helper shell functions.
 
 # Having this variable in your environment would break scripts because
 # you would cause "cd" to be taken to unexpected places.  If you
 # like CDPATH, define it for your interactive shell sessions without
 # exporting it.
+# But we protect ourselves from such a user mistake nevertheless.
 unset CDPATH
 
+# Similarly for IFS, but some shells (e.g. FreeBSD 7.2) are buggy and
+# do not equate an unset IFS with IFS with the default, so here is
+# an explicit SP HT LF.
+IFS=' 	
+'
+
 git_broken_path_fix () {
 	case ":$PATH:" in
 	*:$1:*) : ok ;;
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ die () {
 die_with_status () {
 	status=$1
 	shift
-	echo >&2 "$*"
+	printf >&2 '%s\n' "$*"
 	exit "$status"
 }
 
@@ -68,6 +72,8 @@ if test -n "$OPTIONS_SPEC"; then
 	parseopt_extra=
 	[ -n "$OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH" ] &&
 		parseopt_extra="--keep-dashdash"
+	[ -n "$OPTIONS_STUCKLONG" ] &&
+		parseopt_extra="$parseopt_extra --stuck-long"
 
 	eval "$(
 		echo "$OPTIONS_SPEC" |
@@ -75,16 +81,16 @@ if test -n "$OPTIONS_SPEC"; then
 		echo exit $?
 	)"
 else
-	dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
+	dashless=$(basename -- "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
 	usage() {
-		die "Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		die "usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	}
 
 	if [ -z "$LONG_USAGE" ]
 	then
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	else
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE
 
 $LONG_USAGE"
 	fi
@@ -96,6 +102,40 @@ $LONG_USAGE"
 	esac
 fi
 
+# Set the name of the end-user facing command in the reflog when the
+# script may update refs.  When GIT_REFLOG_ACTION is already set, this
+# will not overwrite it, so that a scripted Porcelain (e.g. "git
+# rebase") can set it to its own name (e.g. "rebase") and then call
+# another scripted Porcelain (e.g. "git am") and a call to this
+# function in the latter will keep the name of the end-user facing
+# program (e.g. "rebase") in GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, ensuring whatever it
+# does will be record as actions done as part of the end-user facing
+# operation (e.g. "rebase").
+#
+# NOTE NOTE NOTE: consequently, after assigning a specific message to
+# GIT_REFLOG_ACTION when calling a "git" command to record a custom
+# reflog message, do not leave that custom value in GIT_REFLOG_ACTION,
+# after you are done.  Other callers of "git" commands that rely on
+# writing the default "program name" in reflog expect the variable to
+# contain the value set by this function.
+#
+# To use a custom reflog message, do either one of these three:
+#
+# (a) use a single-shot export form:
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz" \
+#         git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#
+# (b) save the original away and restore:
+#     SAVED_ACTION=$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz"
+#     git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACITON=$SAVED_ACTION
+#
+# (c) assign the variable in a subshell:
+#     (
+#         GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz"
+#         git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#     )
 set_reflog_action() {
 	if [ -z "${GIT_REFLOG_ACTION:+set}" ]
 	then
@@ -120,18 +160,19 @@ git_pager() {
 	else
 		GIT_PAGER=cat
 	fi
-	: ${LESS=-FRSX}
-	export LESS
+	: "${LESS=-FRX}"
+	: "${LV=-c}"
+	export LESS LV
 
 	eval "$GIT_PAGER" '"$@"'
 }
 
 sane_grep () {
-	GREP_OPTIONS= LC_ALL=C grep "$@"
+	GREP_OPTIONS= LC_ALL=C grep @@SANE_TEXT_GREP@@ "$@"
 }
 
 sane_egrep () {
-	GREP_OPTIONS= LC_ALL=C egrep "$@"
+	GREP_OPTIONS= LC_ALL=C egrep @@SANE_TEXT_GREP@@ "$@"
 }
 
 is_bare_repository () {
@@ -187,28 +228,52 @@ require_clean_work_tree () {
 	fi
 }
 
+# Generate a sed script to parse identities from a commit.
+#
+# Reads the commit from stdin, which should be in raw format (e.g., from
+# cat-file or "--pretty=raw").
+#
+# The first argument specifies the ident line to parse (e.g., "author"), and
+# the second specifies the environment variable to put it in (e.g., "AUTHOR"
+# for "GIT_AUTHOR_*"). Multiple pairs can be given to parse author and
+# committer.
+pick_ident_script () {
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		lid=$1; shift
+		uid=$1; shift
+		printf '%s' "
+		/^$lid /{
+			s/'/'\\\\''/g
+			h
+			s/^$lid "'\([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_NAME='&'/p
+
+			g
+			s/^$lid "'[^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_EMAIL='&'/p
+
+			g
+			s/^$lid "'[^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/@\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_DATE='&'/p
+		}
+		"
+	done
+	echo '/^$/q'
+}
+
+# Create a pick-script as above and feed it to sed. Stdout is suitable for
+# feeding to eval.
+parse_ident_from_commit () {
+	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$(pick_ident_script "$@")"
+}
+
+# Parse the author from a commit given as an argument. Stdout is suitable for
+# feeding to eval to set the usual GIT_* ident variables.
 get_author_ident_from_commit () {
-	pick_author_script='
-	/^author /{
-		s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
-		h
-		s/^author \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='\''&'\''/p
-
-		g
-		s/^author [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='\''&'\''/p
-
-		g
-		s/^author [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='\''&'\''/p
-
-		q
-	}
-	'
 	encoding=$(git config i18n.commitencoding || echo UTF-8)
 	git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$1" -- |
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script"
+	parse_ident_from_commit author AUTHOR
 }
 
 # Clear repo-local GIT_* environment variables. Useful when switching to
@@ -218,27 +283,20 @@ clear_local_git_env() {
 	unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars)
 }
 
-# Make sure we are in a valid repository of a vintage we understand,
-# if we require to be in a git repository.
-if test -z "$NONGIT_OK"
-then
-	GIT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --git-dir) || exit
-	if [ -z "$SUBDIRECTORY_OK" ]
-	then
-		test -z "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)" || {
-			exit=$?
-			echo >&2 "You need to run this command from the toplevel of the working tree."
-			exit $exit
-		}
-	fi
-	test -n "$GIT_DIR" && GIT_DIR=$(cd "$GIT_DIR" && pwd) || {
-		echo >&2 "Unable to determine absolute path of git directory"
-		exit 1
-	}
-	: ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="$GIT_DIR/objects"}
-fi
+# Generate a virtual base file for a two-file merge. Uses git apply to
+# remove lines from $1 that are not in $2, leaving only common lines.
+create_virtual_base() {
+	sz0=$(wc -c <"$1")
+	@@DIFF@@ -u -La/"$1" -Lb/"$1" "$1" "$2" | git apply --no-add
+	sz1=$(wc -c <"$1")
 
-# Fix some commands on Windows
+	# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
+	# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
+	expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >"$1"
+}
+
+
+# Platform specific tweaks to work around some commands
 case $(uname -s) in
 *MINGW*)
 	# Windows has its own (incompatible) sort and find
@@ -248,6 +306,10 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 	find () {
 		/usr/bin/find "$@"
 	}
+	# git sees Windows-style pwd
+	pwd () {
+		builtin pwd -W
+	}
 	is_absolute_path () {
 		case "$1" in
 		[/\\]* | [A-Za-z]:*)
@@ -265,3 +327,39 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 		return 1
 	}
 esac
+
+# Make sure we are in a valid repository of a vintage we understand,
+# if we require to be in a git repository.
+git_dir_init () {
+	GIT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --git-dir) || exit
+	if [ -z "$SUBDIRECTORY_OK" ]
+	then
+		test -z "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)" || {
+			exit=$?
+			echo >&2 "You need to run this command from the toplevel of the working tree."
+			exit $exit
+		}
+	fi
+	test -n "$GIT_DIR" && GIT_DIR=$(cd "$GIT_DIR" && pwd) || {
+		echo >&2 "Unable to determine absolute path of git directory"
+		exit 1
+	}
+	: "${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="$(git rev-parse --git-path objects)"}"
+}
+
+if test -z "$NONGIT_OK"
+then
+	git_dir_init
+fi
+
+peel_committish () {
+	case "$1" in
+	:/*)
+		peeltmp=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
+		git rev-parse --verify "${peeltmp}^0"
+		;;
+	*)
+		git rev-parse --verify "${1}^0"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
diff --git a/git-stash.sh b/git-stash.sh
index c76669284c..c7509e8da4 100755
--- a/git-stash.sh
+++ b/git-stash.sh
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ USAGE="list [<options>]
 
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
-START_DIR=`pwd`
+START_DIR=$(pwd)
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-sh-i18n
 require_work_tree
 cd_to_toplevel
 
 TMP="$GIT_DIR/.git-stash.$$"
-TMPindex=${GIT_INDEX_FILE-"$GIT_DIR/index"}.stash.$$
+TMPindex=${GIT_INDEX_FILE-"$(git rev-parse --git-path index)"}.stash.$$
 trap 'rm -f "$TMP-"* "$TMPindex"' 0
 
 ref_stash=refs/stash
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ clear_stash () {
 	then
 		die "$(gettext "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented")"
 	fi
-	if current=$(git rev-parse --verify $ref_stash 2>/dev/null)
+	if current=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet $ref_stash)
 	then
 		git update-ref -d $ref_stash $current
 	fi
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ create_stash () {
 		# ease of unpacking later.
 		u_commit=$(
 			untracked_files | (
-				export GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMPindex"
+				GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMPindex" &&
+				export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
 				rm -f "$TMPindex" &&
 				git update-index -z --add --remove --stdin &&
 				u_tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -115,7 +116,8 @@ create_stash () {
 			git read-tree --index-output="$TMPindex" -m $i_tree &&
 			GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMPindex" &&
 			export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
-			git diff --name-only -z HEAD | git update-index -z --add --remove --stdin &&
+			git diff --name-only -z HEAD -- >"$TMP-stagenames" &&
+			git update-index -z --add --remove --stdin <"$TMP-stagenames" &&
 			git write-tree &&
 			rm -f "$TMPindex"
 		) ) ||
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ create_stash () {
 		w_tree=$(GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMP-index" git write-tree) ||
 		die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current worktree state")"
 
-		git diff-tree -p HEAD $w_tree > "$TMP-patch" &&
+		git diff-tree -p HEAD $w_tree -- >"$TMP-patch" &&
 		test -s "$TMP-patch" ||
 		die "$(gettext "No changes selected")"
 
@@ -155,6 +157,39 @@ create_stash () {
 	die "$(gettext "Cannot record working tree state")"
 }
 
+store_stash () {
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-m|--message)
+			shift
+			stash_msg="$1"
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			quiet=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+	test $# = 1 ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "\"$dashless store\" requires one <commit> argument")"
+
+	w_commit="$1"
+	if test -z "$stash_msg"
+	then
+		stash_msg="Created via \"git stash store\"."
+	fi
+
+	git update-ref --create-reflog -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit
+	ret=$?
+	test $ret != 0 && test -z "$quiet" &&
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot update \$ref_stash with \$w_commit")"
+	return $ret
+}
+
 save_stash () {
 	keep_index=
 	patch_mode=
@@ -182,6 +217,9 @@ save_stash () {
 		-a|--all)
 			untracked=all
 			;;
+		--help)
+			show_help
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -198,8 +236,8 @@ save_stash () {
 			#    $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 			#    error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 			#           To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-			eval_gettextln "$("error: unknown option for 'stash save': \$option
-       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '\$option'")"
+			eval_gettextln "error: unknown option for 'stash save': \$option
+       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '\$option'"
 			usage
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -222,16 +260,12 @@ save_stash () {
 		say "$(gettext "No local changes to save")"
 		exit 0
 	fi
-	test -f "$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash" ||
+	git reflog exists $ref_stash ||
 		clear_stash || die "$(gettext "Cannot initialize stash")"
 
 	create_stash "$stash_msg" $untracked
-
-	# Make sure the reflog for stash is kept.
-	: >>"$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash"
-
-	git update-ref -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit ||
-		die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current status")"
+	store_stash -m "$stash_msg" -q $w_commit ||
+	die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current status")"
 	say Saved working directory and index state "$stash_msg"
 
 	if test -z "$patch_mode"
@@ -243,7 +277,7 @@ save_stash () {
 			git clean --force --quiet -d $CLEAN_X_OPTION
 		fi
 
-		if test "$keep_index" = "t" && test -n $i_tree
+		if test "$keep_index" = "t" && test -n "$i_tree"
 		then
 			git read-tree --reset -u $i_tree
 		fi
@@ -259,18 +293,42 @@ save_stash () {
 }
 
 have_stash () {
-	git rev-parse --verify $ref_stash >/dev/null 2>&1
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet $ref_stash >/dev/null
 }
 
 list_stash () {
 	have_stash || return 0
-	git log --format="%gd: %gs" -g "$@" $ref_stash --
+	git log --format="%gd: %gs" -g --first-parent -m "$@" $ref_stash --
 }
 
 show_stash () {
+	ALLOW_UNKNOWN_FLAGS=t
 	assert_stash_like "$@"
 
-	git diff ${FLAGS:---stat} $b_commit $w_commit
+	if test -z "$FLAGS"
+	then
+		if test "$(git config --bool stash.showStat || echo true)" = "true"
+		then
+			FLAGS=--stat
+		fi
+
+		if test "$(git config --bool stash.showPatch || echo false)" = "true"
+		then
+			FLAGS=${FLAGS}${FLAGS:+ }-p
+		fi
+
+		if test -z "$FLAGS"
+		then
+			return 0
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	git diff ${FLAGS} $b_commit $w_commit
+}
+
+show_help () {
+	exec git help stash
+	exit 1
 }
 
 #
@@ -299,13 +357,14 @@ show_stash () {
 #
 #   GIT_QUIET is set to t if -q is specified
 #   INDEX_OPTION is set to --index if --index is specified.
-#   FLAGS is set to the remaining flags
+#   FLAGS is set to the remaining flags (if allowed)
 #
 # dies if:
 #   * too many revisions specified
 #   * no revision is specified and there is no stash stack
 #   * a revision is specified which cannot be resolve to a SHA1
 #   * a non-existent stash reference is specified
+#   * unknown flags were set and ALLOW_UNKNOWN_FLAGS is not "t"
 #
 
 parse_flags_and_rev()
@@ -326,7 +385,7 @@ parse_flags_and_rev()
 	i_tree=
 	u_tree=
 
-	REV=$(git rev-parse --no-flags --symbolic "$@") || exit 1
+	REV=$(git rev-parse --no-flags --symbolic --sq "$@") || exit 1
 
 	FLAGS=
 	for opt
@@ -338,13 +397,18 @@ parse_flags_and_rev()
 			--index)
 				INDEX_OPTION=--index
 			;;
+			--help)
+				show_help
+			;;
 			-*)
+				test "$ALLOW_UNKNOWN_FLAGS" = t ||
+					die "$(eval_gettext "unknown option: \$opt")"
 				FLAGS="${FLAGS}${FLAGS:+ }$opt"
 			;;
 		esac
 	done
 
-	set -- $REV
+	eval set -- $REV
 
 	case $# in
 		0)
@@ -359,13 +423,13 @@ parse_flags_and_rev()
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	REV=$(git rev-parse --quiet --symbolic --verify $1 2>/dev/null) || {
+	REV=$(git rev-parse --symbolic --verify --quiet "$1") || {
 		reference="$1"
-		die "$(eval_gettext "\$reference is not valid reference")"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "\$reference is not a valid reference")"
 	}
 
-	i_commit=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify $REV^2 2>/dev/null) &&
-	set -- $(git rev-parse $REV $REV^1 $REV: $REV^1: $REV^2: 2>/dev/null) &&
+	i_commit=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$REV^2") &&
+	set -- $(git rev-parse "$REV" "$REV^1" "$REV:" "$REV^1:" "$REV^2:" 2>/dev/null) &&
 	s=$1 &&
 	w_commit=$1 &&
 	b_commit=$2 &&
@@ -376,8 +440,8 @@ parse_flags_and_rev()
 	test "$ref_stash" = "$(git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name "${REV%@*}")" &&
 	IS_STASH_REF=t
 
-	u_commit=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify $REV^3 2>/dev/null) &&
-	u_tree=$(git rev-parse $REV^3: 2>/dev/null)
+	u_commit=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$REV^3") &&
+	u_tree=$(git rev-parse "$REV^3:" 2>/dev/null)
 }
 
 is_stash_like()
@@ -468,6 +532,7 @@ apply_stash () {
 	else
 		# Merge conflict; keep the exit status from merge-recursive
 		status=$?
+		git rerere
 		if test -n "$INDEX_OPTION"
 		then
 			gettextln "Index was not unstashed." >&2
@@ -479,8 +544,14 @@ apply_stash () {
 pop_stash() {
 	assert_stash_ref "$@"
 
-	apply_stash "$@" &&
-	drop_stash "$@"
+	if apply_stash "$@"
+	then
+		drop_stash "$@"
+	else
+		status=$?
+		say "The stash is kept in case you need it again."
+		exit $status
+	fi
 }
 
 drop_stash () {
@@ -491,7 +562,8 @@ drop_stash () {
 		die "$(eval_gettext "\${REV}: Could not drop stash entry")"
 
 	# clear_stash if we just dropped the last stash entry
-	git rev-parse --verify "$ref_stash@{0}" > /dev/null 2>&1 || clear_stash
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$ref_stash@{0}" >/dev/null ||
+	clear_stash
 }
 
 apply_to_branch () {
@@ -544,12 +616,13 @@ clear)
 	clear_stash "$@"
 	;;
 create)
-	if test $# -gt 0 && test "$1" = create
-	then
-		shift
-	fi
+	shift
 	create_stash "$*" && echo "$w_commit"
 	;;
+store)
+	shift
+	store_stash "$@"
+	;;
 drop)
 	shift
 	drop_stash "$@"
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
index 3adab93635..b39ac106ec 100755
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -1,22 +1,35 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# git-submodules.sh: add, init, update or list git submodules
+# git-submodule.sh: add, init, update or list git submodules
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Lars Hjemli
 
 dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
-USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] (--all| [--] <path>...)
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--checkout|--merge|--rebase] [--[no-]recommend-shallow] [--reference <repository>] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]"
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]"
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-sh-i18n
 . git-parse-remote
 require_work_tree
+wt_prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+# Restrict ourselves to a vanilla subset of protocols; the URLs
+# we get are under control of a remote repository, and we do not
+# want them kicking off arbitrary git-remote-* programs.
+#
+# If the user has already specified a set of allowed protocols,
+# we assume they know what they're doing and use that instead.
+: ${GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=file:git:http:https:ssh}
+export GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL
 
 command=
 branch=
@@ -26,151 +39,60 @@ cached=
 recursive=
 init=
 files=
+remote=
 nofetch=
 update=
 prefix=
+custom_name=
+depth=
 
-# Resolve relative url by appending to parent's url
-resolve_relative_url ()
+die_if_unmatched ()
 {
-	remote=$(get_default_remote)
-	remoteurl=$(git config "remote.$remote.url") ||
-		remoteurl=$(pwd) # the repository is its own authoritative upstream
-	url="$1"
-	remoteurl=${remoteurl%/}
-	sep=/
-	while test -n "$url"
-	do
-		case "$url" in
-		../*)
-			url="${url#../}"
-			case "$remoteurl" in
-			*/*)
-				remoteurl="${remoteurl%/*}"
-				;;
-			*:*)
-				remoteurl="${remoteurl%:*}"
-				sep=:
-				;;
-			*)
-				die "$(eval_gettext "cannot strip one component off url '\$remoteurl'")"
-				;;
-			esac
-			;;
-		./*)
-			url="${url#./}"
-			;;
-		*)
-			break;;
-		esac
-	done
-	echo "$remoteurl$sep${url%/}"
+	if test "$1" = "#unmatched"
+	then
+		exit 1
+	fi
 }
 
 #
-# Get submodule info for registered submodules
-# $@ = path to limit submodule list
-#
-module_list()
-{
-	git ls-files --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" |
-	perl -e '
-	my %unmerged = ();
-	my ($null_sha1) = ("0" x 40);
-	while (<STDIN>) {
-		chomp;
-		my ($mode, $sha1, $stage, $path) =
-			/^([0-7]+) ([0-9a-f]{40}) ([0-3])\t(.*)$/;
-		next unless $mode eq "160000";
-		if ($stage ne "0") {
-			if (!$unmerged{$path}++) {
-				print "$mode $null_sha1 U\t$path\n";
-			}
-			next;
-		}
-		print "$_\n";
-	}
-	'
-}
-
+# Print a submodule configuration setting
 #
-# Map submodule path to submodule name
+# $1 = submodule name
+# $2 = option name
+# $3 = default value
 #
-# $1 = path
+# Checks in the usual git-config places first (for overrides),
+# otherwise it falls back on .gitmodules.  This allows you to
+# distribute project-wide defaults in .gitmodules, while still
+# customizing individual repositories if necessary.  If the option is
+# not in .gitmodules either, print a default value.
 #
-module_name()
-{
-	# Do we have "submodule.<something>.path = $1" defined in .gitmodules file?
-	re=$(printf '%s\n' "$1" | sed -e 's/[].[^$\\*]/\\&/g')
-	name=$( git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp '^submodule\..*\.path$' |
-		sed -n -e 's|^submodule\.\(.*\)\.path '"$re"'$|\1|p' )
-	test -z "$name" &&
-	die "$(eval_gettext "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '\$path'")"
-	echo "$name"
-}
-
-#
-# Clone a submodule
-#
-# Prior to calling, cmd_update checks that a possibly existing
-# path is not a git repository.
-# Likewise, cmd_add checks that path does not exist at all,
-# since it is the location of a new submodule.
-#
-module_clone()
-{
-	path=$1
-	url=$2
-	reference="$3"
-	quiet=
-	if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
+get_submodule_config () {
+	name="$1"
+	option="$2"
+	default="$3"
+	value=$(git config submodule."$name"."$option")
+	if test -z "$value"
 	then
-		quiet=-q
+		value=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name"."$option")
 	fi
+	printf '%s' "${value:-$default}"
+}
 
-	gitdir=
-	gitdir_base=
-	name=$(module_name "$path" 2>/dev/null)
-	base_path=$(dirname "$path")
-
-	gitdir=$(git rev-parse --git-dir)
-	gitdir_base="$gitdir/modules/$base_path"
-	gitdir="$gitdir/modules/$path"
-
-	case $gitdir in
-	/*)
-		a="$(cd_to_toplevel && pwd)/"
-		b=$gitdir
-		while [ "$b" ] && [ "${a%%/*}" = "${b%%/*}" ]
-		do
-			a=${a#*/} b=${b#*/};
-		done
-
-		rel="$a$name"
-		rel=`echo $rel | sed -e 's|[^/]*|..|g'`
-		rel_gitdir="$rel/$b"
-		;;
-	*)
-		rel=`echo $name | sed -e 's|[^/]*|..|g'`
-		rel_gitdir="$rel/$gitdir"
-		;;
-	esac
+isnumber()
+{
+	n=$(($1 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$n" = "$1"
+}
 
-	if test -d "$gitdir"
-	then
-		mkdir -p "$path"
-		echo "gitdir: $rel_gitdir" >"$path/.git"
-		rm -f "$gitdir/index"
-	else
-		mkdir -p "$gitdir_base"
-		if test -n "$reference"
-		then
-			git-clone $quiet "$reference" -n "$url" "$path" --separate-git-dir "$gitdir"
-		else
-			git-clone $quiet -n "$url" "$path" --separate-git-dir "$gitdir"
-		fi ||
-		die "$(eval_gettext "Clone of '\$url' into submodule path '\$path' failed")"
-	fi
+# Sanitize the local git environment for use within a submodule. We
+# can't simply use clear_local_git_env since we want to preserve some
+# of the settings from GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS.
+sanitize_submodule_env()
+{
+	save_config=$GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS
+	clear_local_git_env
+	GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS=$save_config
+	export GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS
 }
 
 #
@@ -183,6 +105,7 @@ module_clone()
 cmd_add()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... add".
+	reference_path=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -199,13 +122,25 @@ cmd_add()
 			;;
 		--reference)
 			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
-			reference="--reference=$2"
+			reference_path=$2
 			shift
 			;;
 		--reference=*)
-			reference="$1"
+			reference_path="${1#--reference=}"
+			;;
+		--name)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			custom_name=$2
 			shift
 			;;
+		--depth)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			depth="--depth=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--depth=*)
+			depth=$1
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -220,23 +155,36 @@ cmd_add()
 		shift
 	done
 
+	if test -n "$reference_path"
+	then
+		is_absolute_path "$reference_path" ||
+		reference_path="$wt_prefix$reference_path"
+
+		reference="--reference=$reference_path"
+	fi
+
 	repo=$1
-	path=$2
+	sm_path=$2
 
-	if test -z "$path"; then
-		path=$(echo "$repo" |
+	if test -z "$sm_path"; then
+		sm_path=$(printf '%s\n' "$repo" |
 			sed -e 's|/$||' -e 's|:*/*\.git$||' -e 's|.*[/:]||g')
 	fi
 
-	if test -z "$repo" -o -z "$path"; then
+	if test -z "$repo" || test -z "$sm_path"; then
 		usage
 	fi
 
+	is_absolute_path "$sm_path" || sm_path="$wt_prefix$sm_path"
+
 	# assure repo is absolute or relative to parent
 	case "$repo" in
 	./*|../*)
+		test -z "$wt_prefix" ||
+		die "$(gettext "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree")"
+
 		# dereference source url relative to parent's url
-		realrepo=$(resolve_relative_url "$repo") || exit
+		realrepo=$(git submodule--helper resolve-relative-url "$repo") || exit
 		;;
 	*:*|/*)
 		# absolute url
@@ -249,59 +197,83 @@ cmd_add()
 
 	# normalize path:
 	# multiple //; leading ./; /./; /../; trailing /
-	path=$(printf '%s/\n' "$path" |
+	sm_path=$(printf '%s/\n' "$sm_path" |
 		sed -e '
 			s|//*|/|g
 			s|^\(\./\)*||
-			s|/\./|/|g
+			s|/\(\./\)*|/|g
 			:start
 			s|\([^/]*\)/\.\./||
 			tstart
 			s|/*$||
 		')
-	git ls-files --error-unmatch "$path" > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
-	die "$(eval_gettext "'\$path' already exists in the index")"
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch "$sm_path" > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	die "$(eval_gettext "'\$sm_path' already exists in the index")"
 
-	if test -z "$force" && ! git add --dry-run --ignore-missing "$path" > /dev/null 2>&1
+	if test -z "$force" && ! git add --dry-run --ignore-missing "$sm_path" > /dev/null 2>&1
 	then
 		eval_gettextln "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:
-\$path
+\$sm_path
 Use -f if you really want to add it." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 
+	if test -n "$custom_name"
+	then
+		sm_name="$custom_name"
+	else
+		sm_name="$sm_path"
+	fi
+
 	# perhaps the path exists and is already a git repo, else clone it
-	if test -e "$path"
+	if test -e "$sm_path"
 	then
-		if test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
+		if test -d "$sm_path"/.git || test -f "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			eval_gettextln "Adding existing repo at '\$path' to the index"
+			eval_gettextln "Adding existing repo at '\$sm_path' to the index"
 		else
-			die "$(eval_gettext "'\$path' already exists and is not a valid git repo")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "'\$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo")"
 		fi
 
 	else
-
-		module_clone "$path" "$realrepo" "$reference" || exit
+		if test -d ".git/modules/$sm_name"
+		then
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "A git directory for '\$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):")"
+				GIT_DIR=".git/modules/$sm_name" GIT_WORK_TREE=. git remote -v | grep '(fetch)' | sed -e s,^,"  ", -e s,' (fetch)',, >&2
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from")"
+				echo >&2 "  $realrepo"
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' option.")"
+			else
+				echo "$(eval_gettext "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '\$sm_name'.")"
+			fi
+		fi
+		git submodule--helper clone ${GIT_QUIET:+--quiet} --prefix "$wt_prefix" --path "$sm_path" --name "$sm_name" --url "$realrepo" ${reference:+"$reference"} ${depth:+"$depth"} || exit
 		(
-			clear_local_git_env
-			cd "$path" &&
+			sanitize_submodule_env
+			cd "$sm_path" &&
 			# ash fails to wordsplit ${branch:+-b "$branch"...}
 			case "$branch" in
 			'') git checkout -f -q ;;
 			?*) git checkout -f -q -B "$branch" "origin/$branch" ;;
 			esac
-		) || die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout submodule '\$path'")"
+		) || die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 	fi
-	git config submodule."$path".url "$realrepo"
+	git config submodule."$sm_name".url "$realrepo"
 
-	git add $force "$path" ||
-	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to add submodule '\$path'")"
+	git add $force "$sm_path" ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to add submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$path".path "$path" &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$path".url "$repo" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".path "$sm_path" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".url "$repo" &&
+	if test -n "$branch"
+	then
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".branch "$branch"
+	fi &&
 	git add --force .gitmodules ||
-	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register submodule '\$path'")"
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 }
 
 #
@@ -338,24 +310,37 @@ cmd_foreach()
 	# command in the subshell (and a recursive call to this function)
 	exec 3<&0
 
-	module_list |
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	{
+		git submodule--helper list --prefix "$wt_prefix" ||
+		echo "#unmatched"
+	} |
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
-		if test -e "$path"/.git
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$prefix\$path'")"
-			name=$(module_name "$path")
+			displaypath=$(git submodule--helper relative-path "$prefix$sm_path" "$wt_prefix")
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$displaypath'")"
+			name=$(git submodule--helper name "$sm_path")
 			(
-				prefix="$prefix$path/"
-				clear_local_git_env
-				cd "$path" &&
-				eval "$@" &&
+				prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+				sanitize_submodule_env
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				sm_path=$(git submodule--helper relative-path "$sm_path" "$wt_prefix") &&
+				# we make $path available to scripts ...
+				path=$sm_path &&
+				if test $# -eq 1
+				then
+					eval "$1"
+				else
+					"$@"
+				fi &&
 				if test -n "$recursive"
 				then
 					cmd_foreach "--recursive" "$@"
 				fi
 			) <&3 3<&- ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Stopping at '\$path'; script returned non-zero status.")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Stopping at '\$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status.")"
 		fi
 	done
 }
@@ -388,38 +373,117 @@ cmd_init()
 		shift
 	done
 
-	module_list "$@" |
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	git ${wt_prefix:+-C "$wt_prefix"} submodule--helper init ${GIT_QUIET:+--quiet} ${prefix:+--prefix "$prefix"} "$@"
+}
+
+#
+# Unregister submodules from .git/config and remove their work tree
+#
+# $@ = requested paths (use '.' to deinit all submodules)
+#
+cmd_deinit()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... deinit".
+	deinit_all=
+	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
-		# Skip already registered paths
-		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
-		if test -z "$(git config "submodule.$name.url")"
+		case "$1" in
+		-f|--force)
+			force=$1
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--all)
+			deinit_all=t
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	if test -n "$deinit_all" && test "$#" -ne 0
+	then
+		echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "pathspec and --all are incompatible")"
+		usage
+	fi
+	if test $# = 0 && test -z "$deinit_all"
+	then
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules")"
+	fi
+
+	{
+		git submodule--helper list --prefix "$wt_prefix" "$@" ||
+		echo "#unmatched"
+	} |
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
+	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(git submodule--helper name "$sm_path") || exit
+
+		displaypath=$(git submodule--helper relative-path "$sm_path" "$wt_prefix")
+
+		# Remove the submodule work tree (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -d "$sm_path"
 		then
-			url=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".url)
-			test -z "$url" &&
-			die "$(eval_gettext "No url found for submodule path '\$path' in .gitmodules")"
-
-			# Possibly a url relative to parent
-			case "$url" in
-			./*|../*)
-				url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url") || exit
-				;;
-			esac
-			git config submodule."$name".url "$url" ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register url for submodule path '\$path'")"
+			# Protect submodules containing a .git directory
+			if test -d "$sm_path/.git"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$displaypath' contains a .git directory")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)")"
+			fi
+
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				git rm -qn "$sm_path" ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to discard them")"
+			fi
+			rm -rf "$sm_path" &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Cleared directory '\$displaypath'")" ||
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Could not remove submodule work tree '\$displaypath'")"
 		fi
 
-		# Copy "update" setting when it is not set yet
-		upd="$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".update)"
-		test -z "$upd" ||
-		test -n "$(git config submodule."$name".update)" ||
-		git config submodule."$name".update "$upd" ||
-		die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '\$path'")"
+		mkdir "$sm_path" || say "$(eval_gettext "Could not create empty submodule directory '\$displaypath'")"
 
-		say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) registered for path '\$path'")"
+		# Remove the .git/config entries (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -n "$(git config --get-regexp submodule."$name\.")"
+		then
+			# Remove the whole section so we have a clean state when
+			# the user later decides to init this submodule again
+			url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+			git config --remove-section submodule."$name" 2>/dev/null &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) unregistered for path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
 	done
 }
 
+is_tip_reachable () (
+	sanitize_submodule_env &&
+	cd "$1" &&
+	rev=$(git rev-list -n 1 "$2" --not --all 2>/dev/null) &&
+	test -z "$rev"
+)
+
+fetch_in_submodule () (
+	sanitize_submodule_env &&
+	cd "$1" &&
+	case "$2" in
+	'')
+		git fetch ;;
+	*)
+		git fetch $(get_default_remote) "$2" ;;
+	esac
+)
+
 #
 # Update each submodule path to correct revision, using clone and checkout as needed
 #
@@ -428,7 +492,6 @@ cmd_init()
 cmd_update()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... update".
-	orig_flags=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -438,6 +501,9 @@ cmd_update()
 		-i|--init)
 			init=1
 			;;
+		--remote)
+			remote=1
+			;;
 		-N|--no-fetch)
 			nofetch=1
 			;;
@@ -450,7 +516,6 @@ cmd_update()
 		--reference)
 			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
 			reference="--reference=$2"
-			orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 			shift
 			;;
 		--reference=*)
@@ -465,6 +530,28 @@ cmd_update()
 		--checkout)
 			update="checkout"
 			;;
+		--recommend-shallow)
+			recommend_shallow="--recommend-shallow"
+			;;
+		--no-recommend-shallow)
+			recommend_shallow="--no-recommend-shallow"
+			;;
+		--depth)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			depth="--depth=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--depth=*)
+			depth=$1
+			;;
+		-j|--jobs)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			jobs="--jobs=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--jobs=*)
+			jobs=$1
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -476,7 +563,6 @@ cmd_update()
 			break
 			;;
 		esac
-		orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 		shift
 	done
 
@@ -485,57 +571,67 @@ cmd_update()
 		cmd_init "--" "$@" || return
 	fi
 
-	cloned_modules=
-	module_list "$@" | {
+	{
+	git submodule--helper update-clone ${GIT_QUIET:+--quiet} \
+		${wt_prefix:+--prefix "$wt_prefix"} \
+		${prefix:+--recursive-prefix "$prefix"} \
+		${update:+--update "$update"} \
+		${reference:+--reference "$reference"} \
+		${depth:+--depth "$depth"} \
+		${recommend_shallow:+"$recommend_shallow"} \
+		${jobs:+$jobs} \
+		"$@" || echo "#unmatched"
+	} | {
 	err=
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	while read mode sha1 stage just_cloned sm_path
 	do
-		if test "$stage" = U
-		then
-			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $path"
-			continue
-		fi
-		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+
+		name=$(git submodule--helper name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+		branch=$(get_submodule_config "$name" branch master)
 		if ! test -z "$update"
 		then
 			update_module=$update
 		else
 			update_module=$(git config submodule."$name".update)
+			if test -z "$update_module"
+			then
+				update_module="checkout"
+			fi
 		fi
 
-		if test "$update_module" = "none"
-		then
-			echo "Skipping submodule '$path'"
-			continue
-		fi
+		displaypath=$(git submodule--helper relative-path "$prefix$sm_path" "$wt_prefix")
 
-		if test -z "$url"
+		if test $just_cloned -eq 1
 		then
-			# Only mention uninitialized submodules when its
-			# path have been specified
-			test "$#" != "0" &&
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$path' not initialized
-Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
-			continue
-		fi
-
-		if ! test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
-		then
-			module_clone "$path" "$url" "$reference"|| exit
-			cloned_modules="$cloned_modules;$name"
 			subsha1=
+			update_module=checkout
 		else
-			subsha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" &&
+			subsha1=$(sanitize_submodule_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 				git rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$remote"
+		then
+			if test -z "$nofetch"
+			then
+				# Fetch remote before determining tracking $sha1
+				fetch_in_submodule "$sm_path" ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			fi
+			remote_name=$(sanitize_submodule_env; cd "$sm_path" && get_default_remote)
+			sha1=$(sanitize_submodule_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
+				git rev-parse --verify "${remote_name}/${branch}") ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current ${remote_name}/${branch} revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
 
-		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1"
+		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1" || test -n "$force"
 		then
 			subforce=$force
 			# If we don't already have a -f flag and the submodule has never been checked out
-			if test -z "$subsha1" -a -z "$force"
+			if test -z "$subsha1" && test -z "$force"
 			then
 				subforce="-f"
 			fi
@@ -544,41 +640,47 @@ Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 			then
 				# Run fetch only if $sha1 isn't present or it
 				# is not reachable from a ref.
-				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" &&
-					( (rev=$(git rev-list -n 1 $sha1 --not --all 2>/dev/null) &&
-					 test -z "$rev") || git-fetch)) ||
-				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$path'")"
+				is_tip_reachable "$sm_path" "$sha1" ||
+				fetch_in_submodule "$sm_path" ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+
+				# Now we tried the usual fetch, but $sha1 may
+				# not be reachable from any of the refs
+				is_tip_reachable "$sm_path" "$sha1" ||
+				fetch_in_submodule "$sm_path" "$sha1" ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Fetched in submodule path '\$displaypath', but it did not contain $sha1. Direct fetching of that commit failed.")"
 			fi
 
-			# Is this something we just cloned?
-			case ";$cloned_modules;" in
-			*";$name;"*)
-				# then there is no local change to integrate
-				update_module= ;;
-			esac
-
 			must_die_on_failure=
 			case "$update_module" in
+			checkout)
+				command="git checkout $subforce -q"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': checked out '\$sha1'")"
+				;;
 			rebase)
 				command="git rebase"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$path': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
 			merge)
 				command="git merge"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$path': merged in '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': merged in '\$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
-			*)
-				command="git checkout $subforce -q"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$path': checked out '\$sha1'")"
+			!*)
+				command="${update_module#!}"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Execution of '\$command \$sha1' failed in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': '\$command \$sha1'")"
+				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
+			*)
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Invalid update mode '$update_module' for submodule '$name'")"
 			esac
 
-			if (clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" && $command "$sha1")
+			if (sanitize_submodule_env; cd "$sm_path" && $command "$sha1")
 			then
 				say "$say_msg"
 			elif test -n "$must_die_on_failure"
@@ -592,11 +694,17 @@ Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 
 		if test -n "$recursive"
 		then
-			(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" && eval cmd_update "$orig_flags")
+			(
+				prefix=$(git submodule--helper relative-path "$prefix$sm_path/" "$wt_prefix")
+				wt_prefix=
+				sanitize_submodule_env
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				eval cmd_update
+			)
 			res=$?
 			if test $res -gt 0
 			then
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$path'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 				if test $res -eq 1
 				then
 					err="${err};$die_msg"
@@ -627,7 +735,7 @@ Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 
 set_name_rev () {
 	revname=$( (
-		clear_local_git_env
+		sanitize_submodule_env
 		cd "$1" && {
 			git describe "$2" 2>/dev/null ||
 			git describe --tags "$2" 2>/dev/null ||
@@ -664,14 +772,14 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			for_status="$1"
 			;;
 		-n|--summary-limit)
-			if summary_limit=$(($2 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$summary_limit" = "$2"
-			then
-				:
-			else
-				usage
-			fi
+			summary_limit="$2"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
 			shift
 			;;
+		--summary-limit=*)
+			summary_limit="${1#--summary-limit=}"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -692,7 +800,7 @@ cmd_summary() {
 	then
 		head=$rev
 		test $# = 0 || shift
-	elif test -z "$1" -o "$1" = "HEAD"
+	elif test -z "$1" || test "$1" = "HEAD"
 	then
 		# before the first commit: compare with an empty tree
 		head=$(git hash-object -w -t tree --stdin </dev/null)
@@ -704,22 +812,34 @@ cmd_summary() {
 	if [ -n "$files" ]
 	then
 		test -n "$cached" &&
-		die "$(gettext -- "--cached cannot be used with --files")"
+		die "$(gettext "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option")"
 		diff_cmd=diff-files
 		head=
 	fi
 
 	cd_to_toplevel
+	eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$wt_prefix" -- "$@")"
 	# Get modified modules cared by user
 	modules=$(git $diff_cmd $cached --ignore-submodules=dirty --raw $head -- "$@" |
 		sane_egrep '^:([0-7]* )?160000' |
-		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status name
+		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status sm_path
 		do
 			# Always show modules deleted or type-changed (blob<->module)
-			test $status = D -o $status = T && echo "$name" && continue
+			if test "$status" = D || test "$status" = T
+			then
+				printf '%s\n' "$sm_path"
+				continue
+			fi
+			# Respect the ignore setting for --for-status.
+			if test -n "$for_status"
+			then
+				name=$(git submodule--helper name "$sm_path")
+				ignore_config=$(get_submodule_config "$name" ignore none)
+				test $status != A && test $ignore_config = all && continue
+			fi
 			# Also show added or modified modules which are checked out
-			GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-			echo "$name"
+			GIT_DIR="$sm_path/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+			printf '%s\n' "$sm_path"
 		done
 	)
 
@@ -759,21 +879,23 @@ cmd_summary() {
 		! GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse -q --verify $sha1_dst^0 >/dev/null &&
 		missing_dst=t
 
+		display_name=$(git submodule--helper relative-path "$name" "$wt_prefix")
+
 		total_commits=
 		case "$missing_src,$missing_dst" in
 		t,)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_src")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_src")"
 			;;
 		,t)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_dst")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_dst")"
 			;;
 		t,t)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commits \$sha1_src and \$sha1_dst")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commits \$sha1_src and \$sha1_dst")"
 			;;
 		*)
 			errmsg=
 			total_commits=$(
-			if test $mod_src = 160000 -a $mod_dst = 160000
+			if test $mod_src = 160000 && test $mod_dst = 160000
 			then
 				range="$sha1_src...$sha1_dst"
 			elif test $mod_src = 160000
@@ -797,12 +919,12 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			submodule="$(gettext "submodule")"
 			if test $mod_dst = 160000
 			then
-				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src($blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst($submodule)$total_commits:"
+				echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src($blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst($submodule)$total_commits:"
 			else
-				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src($submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst($blob)$total_commits:"
+				echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src($submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst($blob)$total_commits:"
 			fi
 		else
-			echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
+			echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
 		fi
 		if test -n "$errmsg"
 		then
@@ -810,7 +932,7 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			# i.e. deleted or changed to blob
 			test $mod_dst = 160000 && echo "$errmsg"
 		else
-			if test $mod_src = 160000 -a $mod_dst = 160000
+			if test $mod_src = 160000 && test $mod_dst = 160000
 			then
 				limit=
 				test $summary_limit -gt 0 && limit="-$summary_limit"
@@ -828,18 +950,7 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			echo
 		fi
 		echo
-	done |
-	if test -n "$for_status"; then
-		if [ -n "$files" ]; then
-			gettextln "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-		else
-			gettextln "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-		fi
-		echo "#"
-		sed -e 's|^|# |' -e 's|^# $|#|'
-	else
-		cat
-	fi
+	done
 }
 #
 # List all submodules, prefixed with:
@@ -854,7 +965,6 @@ cmd_summary() {
 cmd_status()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... status".
-	orig_flags=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -878,36 +988,43 @@ cmd_status()
 			break
 			;;
 		esac
-		orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 		shift
 	done
 
-	module_list "$@" |
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	{
+		git submodule--helper list --prefix "$wt_prefix" "$@" ||
+		echo "#unmatched"
+	} |
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
-		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(git submodule--helper name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
-		displaypath="$prefix$path"
+		displaypath=$(git submodule--helper relative-path "$prefix$sm_path" "$wt_prefix")
 		if test "$stage" = U
 		then
 			say "U$sha1 $displaypath"
 			continue
 		fi
-		if test -z "$url" || ! test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
+		if test -z "$url" ||
+		{
+			! test -d "$sm_path"/.git &&
+			! test -f "$sm_path"/.git
+		}
 		then
 			say "-$sha1 $displaypath"
 			continue;
 		fi
-		set_name_rev "$path" "$sha1"
-		if git diff-files --ignore-submodules=dirty --quiet -- "$path"
+		if git diff-files --ignore-submodules=dirty --quiet -- "$sm_path"
 		then
+			set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			say " $sha1 $displaypath$revname"
 		else
 			if test -z "$cached"
 			then
-				sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
-				set_name_rev "$path" "$sha1"
+				sha1=$(sanitize_submodule_env; cd "$sm_path" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 			fi
+			set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			say "+$sha1 $displaypath$revname"
 		fi
 
@@ -915,11 +1032,12 @@ cmd_status()
 		then
 			(
 				prefix="$displaypath/"
-				clear_local_git_env
-				cd "$path" &&
-				eval cmd_status "$orig_args"
+				sanitize_submodule_env
+				wt_prefix=
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				eval cmd_status
 			) ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
 	done
 }
@@ -937,6 +1055,10 @@ cmd_sync()
 			GIT_QUIET=1
 			shift
 			;;
+		--recursive)
+			recursive=1
+			shift
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -950,31 +1072,54 @@ cmd_sync()
 		esac
 	done
 	cd_to_toplevel
-	module_list "$@" |
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	{
+		git submodule--helper list --prefix "$wt_prefix" "$@" ||
+		echo "#unmatched"
+	} |
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
-		name=$(module_name "$path")
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(git submodule--helper name "$sm_path")
 		url=$(git config -f .gitmodules --get submodule."$name".url)
 
 		# Possibly a url relative to parent
 		case "$url" in
 		./*|../*)
-			url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url") || exit
+			# rewrite foo/bar as ../.. to find path from
+			# submodule work tree to superproject work tree
+			up_path="$(printf '%s\n' "$sm_path" | sed "s/[^/][^/]*/../g")" &&
+			# guarantee a trailing /
+			up_path=${up_path%/}/ &&
+			# path from submodule work tree to submodule origin repo
+			sub_origin_url=$(git submodule--helper resolve-relative-url "$url" "$up_path") &&
+			# path from superproject work tree to submodule origin repo
+			super_config_url=$(git submodule--helper resolve-relative-url "$url") || exit
+			;;
+		*)
+			sub_origin_url="$url"
+			super_config_url="$url"
 			;;
 		esac
 
 		if git config "submodule.$name.url" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$name'")"
-			git config submodule."$name".url "$url"
+			displaypath=$(git submodule--helper relative-path "$prefix$sm_path" "$wt_prefix")
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$displaypath'")"
+			git config submodule."$name".url "$super_config_url"
 
-			if test -e "$path"/.git
+			if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
 			then
 			(
-				clear_local_git_env
-				cd "$path"
+				sanitize_submodule_env
+				cd "$sm_path"
 				remote=$(get_default_remote)
-				git config remote."$remote".url "$url"
+				git config remote."$remote".url "$sub_origin_url"
+
+				if test -n "$recursive"
+				then
+					prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+					eval cmd_sync
+				fi
 			)
 			fi
 		fi
@@ -990,7 +1135,7 @@ cmd_sync()
 while test $# != 0 && test -z "$command"
 do
 	case "$1" in
-	add | foreach | init | update | status | summary | sync)
+	add | foreach | init | deinit | update | status | summary | sync)
 		command=$1
 		;;
 	-q|--quiet)
@@ -1021,7 +1166,15 @@ do
 done
 
 # No command word defaults to "status"
-test -n "$command" || command=status
+if test -z "$command"
+then
+    if test $# = 0
+    then
+	command=status
+    else
+	usage
+    fi
+fi
 
 # "-b branch" is accepted only by "add"
 if test -n "$branch" && test "$command" != add
@@ -1030,7 +1183,7 @@ then
 fi
 
 # "--cached" is accepted only by "status" and "summary"
-if test -n "$cached" && test "$command" != status -a "$command" != summary
+if test -n "$cached" && test "$command" != status && test "$command" != summary
 then
 	usage
 fi
diff --git a/git-svn.perl b/git-svn.perl
index eeb83d3759..05eced06cd 100755
--- a/git-svn.perl
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#!/usr/bin/perl
 # Copyright (C) 2006, Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
 # License: GPL v2 or later
 use 5.008;
@@ -10,17 +10,54 @@ use vars qw/	$AUTHOR $VERSION
 $AUTHOR = 'Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>';
 $VERSION = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
 
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Spec;
+use Getopt::Long qw/:config gnu_getopt no_ignore_case auto_abbrev/;
+use Memoize;
+
+use Git::SVN;
+use Git::SVN::Editor;
+use Git::SVN::Fetcher;
+use Git::SVN::Ra;
+use Git::SVN::Prompt;
+use Git::SVN::Log;
+use Git::SVN::Migration;
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	join_paths
+	add_path_to_url
+	join_paths
+);
+
+use Git qw(
+	git_cmd_try
+	command
+	command_oneline
+	command_noisy
+	command_output_pipe
+	command_close_pipe
+	command_bidi_pipe
+	command_close_bidi_pipe
+);
+
+BEGIN {
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config';
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config_bool';
+}
+
+
 # From which subdir have we been invoked?
 my $cmd_dir_prefix = eval {
 	command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --show-prefix/], STDERR => 0)
 } || '';
 
-my $git_dir_user_set = 1 if defined $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= '.git';
-$Git::SVN::default_repo_id = 'svn';
-$Git::SVN::default_ref_id = $ENV{GIT_SVN_ID} || 'git-svn';
 $Git::SVN::Ra::_log_window_size = 100;
-$Git::SVN::_minimize_url = 'unset';
 
 if (! exists $ENV{SVN_SSH} && exists $ENV{GIT_SSH}) {
 	$ENV{SVN_SSH} = $ENV{GIT_SSH};
@@ -35,48 +72,35 @@ $Git::SVN::Log::TZ = $ENV{TZ};
 $ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
 $| = 1; # unbuffer STDOUT
 
-sub fatal (@) { print STDERR "@_\n"; exit 1 }
+# All SVN commands do it.  Otherwise we may die on SIGPIPE when the remote
+# repository decides to close the connection which we expect to be kept alive.
+$SIG{PIPE} = 'IGNORE';
+
+# Given a dot separated version number, "subtract" it from
+# the SVN::Core::VERSION; non-negaitive return means the SVN::Core
+# is at least at the version the caller asked for.
+sub compare_svn_version {
+	my (@ours) = split(/\./, $SVN::Core::VERSION);
+	my (@theirs) = split(/\./, $_[0]);
+	my ($i, $diff);
+
+	for ($i = 0; $i < @ours && $i < @theirs; $i++) {
+		$diff = $ours[$i] - $theirs[$i];
+		return $diff if ($diff);
+	}
+	return 1 if ($i < @ours);
+	return -1 if ($i < @theirs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 sub _req_svn {
 	require SVN::Core; # use()-ing this causes segfaults for me... *shrug*
 	require SVN::Ra;
 	require SVN::Delta;
-	if ($SVN::Core::VERSION lt '1.1.0') {
+	if (::compare_svn_version('1.1.0') < 0) {
 		fatal "Need SVN::Core 1.1.0 or better (got $SVN::Core::VERSION)";
 	}
 }
-my $can_compress = eval { require Compress::Zlib; 1};
-push @Git::SVN::Ra::ISA, 'SVN::Ra';
-push @SVN::Git::Editor::ISA, 'SVN::Delta::Editor';
-push @SVN::Git::Fetcher::ISA, 'SVN::Delta::Editor';
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use Digest::MD5;
-use IO::File qw//;
-use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Spec;
-use File::Find;
-use Getopt::Long qw/:config gnu_getopt no_ignore_case auto_abbrev/;
-use IPC::Open3;
-use Git;
-use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
-
-BEGIN {
-	# import functions from Git into our packages, en masse
-	no strict 'refs';
-	foreach (qw/command command_oneline command_noisy command_output_pipe
-	            command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
-	            command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe/) {
-		for my $package ( qw(SVN::Git::Editor SVN::Git::Fetcher
-			Git::SVN::Migration Git::SVN::Log Git::SVN),
-			__PACKAGE__) {
-			*{"${package}::$_"} = \&{"Git::$_"};
-		}
-	}
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config';
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config_bool';
-}
-
-my ($SVN);
 
 $sha1 = qr/[a-f\d]{40}/;
 $sha1_short = qr/[a-f\d]{4,40}/;
@@ -84,16 +108,21 @@ my ($_stdin, $_help, $_edit,
 	$_message, $_file, $_branch_dest,
 	$_template, $_shared,
 	$_version, $_fetch_all, $_no_rebase, $_fetch_parent,
-	$_merge, $_strategy, $_dry_run, $_local,
+	$_before, $_after,
+	$_merge, $_strategy, $_preserve_merges, $_dry_run, $_parents, $_local,
 	$_prefix, $_no_checkout, $_url, $_verbose,
-	$_git_format, $_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info, $_interactive);
-$Git::SVN::_follow_parent = 1;
-$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename = ".gitignore";
+	$_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info, $_interactive, $_set_svn_props);
+
+# This is a refactoring artifact so Git::SVN can get at this git-svn switch.
+sub opt_prefix { return $_prefix || '' }
+
+$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename = ".gitignore";
 $_q ||= 0;
 my %remote_opts = ( 'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
                     'config-dir=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir,
                     'no-auth-cache' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache,
-                    'ignore-paths=s' => \$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_ignore_regex,
+                    'ignore-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex,
+                    'include-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex,
                     'ignore-refs=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex );
 my %fc_opts = ( 'follow-parent|follow!' => \$Git::SVN::_follow_parent,
 		'authors-file|A=s' => \$_authors,
@@ -126,10 +155,10 @@ my %init_opts = ( 'template=s' => \$_template, 'shared:s' => \$_shared,
 		  'rewrite-uuid=s' => sub { $icv{rewriteUUID} = $_[1] },
                   %remote_opts );
 my %cmt_opts = ( 'edit|e' => \$_edit,
-		'rmdir' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_rmdir,
-		'find-copies-harder' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_find_copies_harder,
-		'l=i' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_rename_limit,
-		'copy-similarity|C=i'=> \$SVN::Git::Editor::_cp_similarity
+		'rmdir' => \$Git::SVN::Editor::_rmdir,
+		'find-copies-harder' => \$Git::SVN::Editor::_find_copies_harder,
+		'l=i' => \$Git::SVN::Editor::_rename_limit,
+		'copy-similarity|C=i'=> \$Git::SVN::Editor::_cp_similarity
 );
 
 my %cmd = (
@@ -141,9 +170,9 @@ my %cmd = (
 	clone => [ \&cmd_clone, "Initialize and fetch revisions",
 			{ 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
 			  'preserve-empty-dirs' =>
-				\$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_preserve_empty_dirs,
+				\$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_preserve_empty_dirs,
 			  'placeholder-filename=s' =>
-				\$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename,
+				\$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename,
 			   %fc_opts, %init_opts } ],
 	init => [ \&cmd_init, "Initialize a repo for tracking" .
 			  " (requires URL argument)",
@@ -160,6 +189,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 			  'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
 			  'fetch-all|all' => \$_fetch_all,
 			  'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url,
+			  'set-svn-props=s' => \$_set_svn_props,
 			  'revision|r=i' => \$_revision,
 			  'no-rebase' => \$_no_rebase,
 			  'mergeinfo=s' => \$_merge_info,
@@ -170,6 +200,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 	            { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	              'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	              'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	              'parents' => \$_parents,
 	              'tag|t' => \$_tag,
 	              'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	              'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
@@ -178,6 +209,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 	         { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	           'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	           'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	           'parents' => \$_parents,
 	           'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	           'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
 	'set-tree' => [ \&cmd_set_tree,
@@ -193,6 +225,9 @@ my %cmd = (
         'propget' => [ \&cmd_propget,
 		       'Print the value of a property on a file or directory',
 		       { 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision } ],
+        'propset' => [ \&cmd_propset,
+		       'Set the value of a property on a file or directory - will be set on commit',
+		       {} ],
         'proplist' => [ \&cmd_proplist,
 		       'List all properties of a file or directory',
 		       { 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision } ],
@@ -225,7 +260,8 @@ my %cmd = (
 			} ],
 	'find-rev' => [ \&cmd_find_rev,
 	                "Translate between SVN revision numbers and tree-ish",
-			{} ],
+			{ 'B|before' => \$_before,
+			  'A|after' => \$_after } ],
 	'rebase' => [ \&cmd_rebase, "Fetch and rebase your working directory",
 			{ 'merge|m|M' => \$_merge,
 			  'verbose|v' => \$_verbose,
@@ -233,6 +269,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 			  'local|l' => \$_local,
 			  'fetch-all|all' => \$_fetch_all,
 			  'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+			  'preserve-merges|p' => \$_preserve_merges,
 			  %fc_opts } ],
 	'commit-diff' => [ \&cmd_commit_diff,
 	                   'Commit a diff between two trees',
@@ -246,7 +283,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 		    { 'url' => \$_url, } ],
 	'blame' => [ \&Git::SVN::Log::cmd_blame,
 	            "Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file",
-		    { 'git-format' => \$_git_format } ],
+		    { 'git-format' => \$Git::SVN::Log::_git_format } ],
 	'reset' => [ \&cmd_reset,
 		     "Undo fetches back to the specified SVN revision",
 		     { 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
@@ -257,7 +294,6 @@ my %cmd = (
 		{} ],
 );
 
-use Term::ReadLine;
 package FakeTerm;
 sub new {
 	my ($class, $reason) = @_;
@@ -269,13 +305,17 @@ sub readline {
 }
 package main;
 
-my $term = eval {
-	$ENV{"GIT_SVN_NOTTY"}
-		? new Term::ReadLine 'git-svn', \*STDIN, \*STDOUT
-		: new Term::ReadLine 'git-svn';
-};
-if ($@) {
-	$term = new FakeTerm "$@: going non-interactive";
+my $term;
+sub term_init {
+	$term = eval {
+		require Term::ReadLine;
+		$ENV{"GIT_SVN_NOTTY"}
+			? new Term::ReadLine 'git-svn', \*STDIN, \*STDOUT
+			: new Term::ReadLine 'git-svn';
+	};
+	if ($@) {
+		$term = new FakeTerm "$@: going non-interactive";
+	}
 }
 
 my $cmd;
@@ -291,27 +331,26 @@ for (my $i = 0; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
 };
 
 # make sure we're always running at the top-level working directory
-unless ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
-	unless (-d $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
-		if ($git_dir_user_set) {
-			die "GIT_DIR=$ENV{GIT_DIR} explicitly set, ",
-			    "but it is not a directory\n";
-		}
-		my $git_dir = delete $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-		my $cdup = undef;
-		git_cmd_try {
-			$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
-			$git_dir = '.' unless ($cdup);
-			chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
-			$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
-		} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
-		chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
-		unless (-d $git_dir) {
-			die "$git_dir still not found after going to ",
-			    "'$cdup'\n";
-		}
-		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-	}
+if ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= ".git";
+	# catch the submodule case
+	if (-f $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
+		open(my $fh, '<', $ENV{GIT_DIR}) or
+			die "failed to open $ENV{GIT_DIR}: $!\n";
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $1 if <$fh> =~ /^gitdir: (.+)$/;
+	}
+} else {
+	my ($git_dir, $cdup);
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$git_dir = command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --git-dir/]);
+	} "Unable to find .git directory\n";
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
+		chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
+		$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
+	} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+	chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
 	$_repository = Git->repository(Repository => $ENV{GIT_DIR});
 }
 
@@ -344,9 +383,9 @@ Git::SVN::init_vars();
 eval {
 	Git::SVN::verify_remotes_sanity();
 	$cmd{$cmd}->[0]->(@ARGV);
+	post_fetch_checkout();
 };
 fatal $@ if $@;
-post_fetch_checkout();
 exit 0;
 
 ####################### primary functions ######################
@@ -355,7 +394,7 @@ sub usage {
 	my $fd = $exit ? \*STDERR : \*STDOUT;
 	print $fd <<"";
 git-svn - bidirectional operations between a single Subversion tree and git
-Usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
+usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
 
 	print $fd "Available commands:\n" unless $cmd;
 
@@ -394,6 +433,7 @@ sub ask {
 	my $default = $arg{default};
 	my $resp;
 	my $i = 0;
+	term_init() unless $term;
 
 	if ( !( defined($term->IN)
             && defined( fileno($term->IN) )
@@ -440,15 +480,18 @@ sub do_git_init_db {
 		command_noisy('config', "$pfx.$i", $icv{$i});
 		$set = $i;
 	}
-	my $ignore_paths_regex = \$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_ignore_regex;
+	my $ignore_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-paths", $$ignore_paths_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_paths_regex;
+	my $include_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex;
+	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.include-paths", $$include_paths_regex)
+		if defined $$include_paths_regex;
 	my $ignore_refs_regex = \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-refs", $$ignore_refs_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_refs_regex;
 
-	if (defined $SVN::Git::Fetcher::_preserve_empty_dirs) {
-		my $fname = \$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename;
+	if (defined $Git::SVN::Fetcher::_preserve_empty_dirs) {
+		my $fname = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename;
 		command_noisy('config', "$pfx.preserve-empty-dirs", 'true');
 		command_noisy('config', "$pfx.placeholder-filename", $$fname);
 	}
@@ -507,7 +550,7 @@ sub cmd_fetch {
 	}
 	my ($remote) = @_;
 	if (@_ > 1) {
-		die "Usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
+		die "usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
 	}
 	$Git::SVN::no_reuse_existing = undef;
 	if ($_fetch_parent) {
@@ -642,12 +685,14 @@ sub merge_revs_into_hash {
 }
 
 sub merge_merge_info {
-	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two) = @_;
+	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two, $ignore_branch) = @_;
 	my %result_hash = ();
 
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_one);
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_two);
 
+	delete $result_hash{$ignore_branch} if $ignore_branch;
+
 	my $result = '';
 	# Sort below is for consistency's sake
 	for my $branchname (sort keys(%result_hash)) {
@@ -668,6 +713,7 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 		my $all_parents_ok = 1;
 		my $aggregate_mergeinfo = '';
 		my $rooturl = $gs->repos_root;
+		my ($target_branch) = $gs->full_pushurl =~ /^\Q$rooturl\E(.*)/;
 
 		if (defined($rewritten_parent)) {
 			# Replace first parent with newly-rewritten version
@@ -699,7 +745,8 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 			# Merge previous mergeinfo values
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $par_mergeinfo, 0);
+								$par_mergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 
 			next if $parent eq $parents[0]; # Skip first parent
 			# Add new changes being placed in tree by merge
@@ -742,7 +789,8 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 			my $newmergeinfo = "$branchpath:" . join(',', @revsin);
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $newmergeinfo, 1);
+								$newmergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 		}
 		if ($all_parents_ok and $aggregate_mergeinfo) {
 			return $aggregate_mergeinfo;
@@ -752,10 +800,48 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 	return undef;
 }
 
+sub dcommit_rebase {
+	my ($is_last, $current, $fetched_ref, $svn_error) = @_;
+	my @diff;
+
+	if ($svn_error) {
+		print STDERR "\nERROR from SVN:\n",
+				$svn_error->expanded_message, "\n";
+	}
+	unless ($_no_rebase) {
+		# we always want to rebase against the current HEAD,
+		# not any head that was passed to us
+		@diff = command('diff-tree', $current,
+	                   $fetched_ref, '--');
+		my @finish;
+		if (@diff) {
+			@finish = rebase_cmd();
+			print STDERR "W: $current and ", $fetched_ref,
+			             " differ, using @finish:\n",
+			             join("\n", @diff), "\n";
+		} elsif ($is_last) {
+			print "No changes between ", $current, " and ",
+			      $fetched_ref,
+			      "\nResetting to the latest ",
+			      $fetched_ref, "\n";
+			@finish = qw/reset --mixed/;
+		}
+		command_noisy(@finish, $fetched_ref) if @finish;
+	}
+	if ($svn_error) {
+		die "ERROR: Not all changes have been committed into SVN"
+			.($_no_rebase ? ".\n" : ", however the committed\n"
+			."ones (if any) seem to be successfully integrated "
+			."into the working tree.\n")
+			."Please see the above messages for details.\n";
+	}
+	return @diff;
+}
+
 sub cmd_dcommit {
 	my $head = shift;
 	command_noisy(qw/update-index --refresh/);
-	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD/) }
+	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD --/) }
 		'Cannot dcommit with a dirty index.  Commit your changes first, '
 		. "or stash them with `git stash'.\n";
 	$head ||= 'HEAD';
@@ -879,6 +965,7 @@ sub cmd_dcommit {
 	}
 
 	my $rewritten_parent;
+	my $current_head = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse HEAD/);
 	Git::SVN::remove_username($expect_url);
 	if (defined($_merge_info)) {
 		$_merge_info =~ tr{ }{\n};
@@ -918,38 +1005,34 @@ sub cmd_dcommit {
 			                },
 					mergeinfo => $_merge_info,
 			                svn_path => '');
-			if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+
+			my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+			$SVN::Error::handler = sub {
+				my $err = shift;
+				dcommit_rebase(1, $current_head, $gs->refname,
+					$err);
+			};
+
+			if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
 				print "No changes\n$d~1 == $d\n";
 			} elsif ($parents->{$d} && @{$parents->{$d}}) {
 				$gs->{inject_parents_dcommit}->{$cmt_rev} =
 				                               $parents->{$d};
 			}
 			$_fetch_all ? $gs->fetch_all : $gs->fetch;
+			$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
 			$last_rev = $cmt_rev;
 			next if $_no_rebase;
 
-			# we always want to rebase against the current HEAD,
-			# not any head that was passed to us
-			my @diff = command('diff-tree', $d,
-			                   $gs->refname, '--');
-			my @finish;
-			if (@diff) {
-				@finish = rebase_cmd();
-				print STDERR "W: $d and ", $gs->refname,
-				             " differ, using @finish:\n",
-				             join("\n", @diff), "\n";
-			} else {
-				print "No changes between current HEAD and ",
-				      $gs->refname,
-				      "\nResetting to the latest ",
-				      $gs->refname, "\n";
-				@finish = qw/reset --mixed/;
-			}
-			command_noisy(@finish, $gs->refname);
+			my @diff = dcommit_rebase(@$linear_refs == 0, $d,
+						$gs->refname, undef);
 
-			$rewritten_parent = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse HEAD/);
+			$rewritten_parent = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse/,
+							$gs->refname);
 
 			if (@diff) {
+				$current_head = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse
+								HEAD/);
 				@refs = ();
 				my ($url_, $rev_, $uuid_, $gs_) =
 				              working_head_info('HEAD', \@refs);
@@ -994,6 +1077,7 @@ sub cmd_dcommit {
 				}
 				$parents = \%p;
 				$linear_refs = \@l;
+				undef $last_rev;
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1042,8 +1126,7 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 		            " with the --destination argument.\n";
 		}
 		foreach my $g (@{$allglobs}) {
-			# SVN::Git::Editor could probably be moved to Git.pm..
-			my $re = SVN::Git::Editor::glob2pat($g->{path}->{left});
+			my $re = Git::SVN::Editor::glob2pat($g->{path}->{left});
 			if ($_branch_dest =~ /$re/) {
 				$glob = $g;
 				last;
@@ -1086,9 +1169,12 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 	}
 
 	::_req_svn();
+	require SVN::Client;
 
 	my $ctx = SVN::Client->new(
-		auth    => Git::SVN::Ra::_auth_providers(),
+		config => SVN::Core::config_get_config(
+			$Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir
+		),
 		log_msg => sub {
 			${ $_[0] } = defined $_message
 				? $_message
@@ -1101,6 +1187,10 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 		$ctx->ls($dst, 'HEAD', 0);
 	} and die "branch ${branch_name} already exists\n";
 
+	if ($_parents) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $dst);
+	}
+
 	print "Copying ${src} at r${rev} to ${dst}...\n";
 	$ctx->copy($src, $rev, $dst)
 		unless $_dry_run;
@@ -1108,6 +1198,17 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 	$gs->fetch_all;
 }
 
+sub mk_parent_dirs {
+	my ($ctx, $parent) = @_;
+	$parent =~ s{/[^/]*$}{};
+
+	if (!eval{$ctx->ls($parent, 'HEAD', 0)}) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $parent);
+		print "Creating parent folder ${parent} ...\n";
+		$ctx->mkdir($parent) unless $_dry_run;
+	}
+}
+
 sub cmd_find_rev {
 	my $revision_or_hash = shift or die "SVN or git revision required ",
 	                                    "as a command-line argument\n";
@@ -1122,7 +1223,13 @@ sub cmd_find_rev {
 			    "$head history\n";
 		}
 		my $desired_revision = substr($revision_or_hash, 1);
-		$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		if ($_before) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_before($desired_revision, 1);
+		} elsif ($_after) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_after($desired_revision, 1);
+		} else {
+			$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		}
 	} else {
 		my (undef, $rev, undef) = cmt_metadata($revision_or_hash);
 		$result = $rev;
@@ -1152,7 +1259,7 @@ sub cmd_rebase {
 		return;
 	}
 	if (command(qw/diff-index HEAD --/)) {
-		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommited changes:\n";
+		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommitted changes:\n";
 		command_noisy('status');
 		exit 1;
 	}
@@ -1171,7 +1278,7 @@ sub cmd_show_ignore {
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		print STDOUT "\n# $path\n";
 		my $s = $props->{'svn:ignore'} or return;
@@ -1187,7 +1294,7 @@ sub cmd_show_externals {
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		print STDOUT "\n# $path\n";
 		my $s = $props->{'svn:externals'} or return;
@@ -1202,7 +1309,7 @@ sub cmd_create_ignore {
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		# $path is of the form /path/to/dir/
 		$path = '.' . $path;
@@ -1232,31 +1339,6 @@ sub cmd_mkdirs {
 	$gs->mkemptydirs($_revision);
 }
 
-sub canonicalize_path {
-	my ($path) = @_;
-	my $dot_slash_added = 0;
-	if (substr($path, 0, 1) ne "/") {
-		$path = "./" . $path;
-		$dot_slash_added = 1;
-	}
-	# File::Spec->canonpath doesn't collapse x/../y into y (for a
-	# good reason), so let's do this manually.
-	$path =~ s#/+#/#g;
-	$path =~ s#/\.(?:/|$)#/#g;
-	$path =~ s#/[^/]+/\.\.##g;
-	$path =~ s#/$##g;
-	$path =~ s#^\./## if $dot_slash_added;
-	$path =~ s#^/##;
-	$path =~ s#^\.$##;
-	return $path;
-}
-
-sub canonicalize_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	$url =~ s#^([^:]+://[^/]*/)(.*)$#$1 . canonicalize_path($2)#e;
-	return $url;
-}
-
 # get_svnprops(PATH)
 # ------------------
 # Helper for cmd_propget and cmd_proplist below.
@@ -1270,7 +1352,7 @@ sub get_svnprops {
 	$path = $cmd_dir_prefix . $path;
 	fatal("No such file or directory: $path") unless -e $path;
 	my $is_dir = -d $path ? 1 : 0;
-	$path = $gs->{path} . '/' . $path;
+	$path = join_paths($gs->path, $path);
 
 	# canonicalize the path (otherwise libsvn will abort or fail to
 	# find the file)
@@ -1301,6 +1383,49 @@ sub cmd_propget {
 	print $props->{$prop} . "\n";
 }
 
+# cmd_propset (PROPNAME, PROPVAL, PATH)
+# ------------------------
+# Adjust the SVN property PROPNAME to PROPVAL for PATH.
+sub cmd_propset {
+	my ($propname, $propval, $path) = @_;
+	$path = '.' if not defined $path;
+	$path = $cmd_dir_prefix . $path;
+	usage(1) if not defined $propname;
+	usage(1) if not defined $propval;
+	my $file = basename($path);
+	my $dn = dirname($path);
+	my $cur_props = Git::SVN::Editor::check_attr( "svn-properties", $path );
+	my @new_props;
+	if (!$cur_props || $cur_props eq "unset" || $cur_props eq "" || $cur_props eq "set") {
+		push @new_props, "$propname=$propval";
+	} else {
+		# TODO: handle combining properties better
+		my @props = split(/;/, $cur_props);
+		my $replaced_prop;
+		foreach my $prop (@props) {
+			# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
+			if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
+				my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
+				if ($n eq $propname) {
+					$v = $propval;
+					$replaced_prop = 1;
+				}
+				push @new_props, "$n=$v";
+			}
+		}
+		if (!$replaced_prop) {
+			push @new_props, "$propname=$propval";
+		}
+	}
+	my $attrfile = "$dn/.gitattributes";
+	open my $attrfh, '>>', $attrfile or die "Can't open $attrfile: $!\n";
+	# TODO: don't simply append here if $file already has svn-properties
+	my $new_props = join(';', @new_props);
+	print $attrfh "$file svn-properties=$new_props\n" or
+		die "write to $attrfile: $!\n";
+	close $attrfh or die "close $attrfile: $!\n";
+}
+
 # cmd_proplist (PATH)
 # -------------------
 # Print the list of SVN properties for PATH.
@@ -1320,7 +1445,7 @@ sub cmd_multi_init {
 		usage(1);
 	}
 
-	$_prefix = '' unless defined $_prefix;
+	$_prefix = 'origin/' unless defined $_prefix;
 	if (defined $url) {
 		$url = canonicalize_url($url);
 		init_subdir(@_);
@@ -1361,7 +1486,7 @@ sub cmd_multi_fetch {
 # this command is special because it requires no metadata
 sub cmd_commit_diff {
 	my ($ta, $tb, $url) = @_;
-	my $usage = "Usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
+	my $usage = "usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
 	            "<tree-ish> <tree-ish> [<URL>]";
 	fatal($usage) if (!defined $ta || !defined $tb);
 	my $svn_path = '';
@@ -1371,8 +1496,8 @@ sub cmd_commit_diff {
 			fatal("Needed URL or usable git-svn --id in ",
 			      "the command-line\n", $usage);
 		}
-		$url = $gs->{url};
-		$svn_path = $gs->{path};
+		$url = $gs->url;
+		$svn_path = $gs->path;
 	}
 	unless (defined $_revision) {
 		fatal("-r|--revision is a required argument\n", $usage);
@@ -1401,33 +1526,42 @@ sub cmd_commit_diff {
 	                tree_b => $tb,
 	                editor_cb => sub { print "Committed r$_[0]\n" },
 	                svn_path => $svn_path );
-	if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+	if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
 		print "No changes\n$ta == $tb\n";
 	}
 }
 
-sub escape_uri_only {
-	my ($uri) = @_;
-	my @tmp;
-	foreach (split m{/}, $uri) {
-		s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
-		push @tmp, $_;
-	}
-	join('/', @tmp);
-}
+sub cmd_info {
+	my $path_arg = defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : '.';
+	my $path = $path_arg;
+	if (File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($path)) {
+		$path = canonicalize_path($path);
+
+		my $toplevel = eval {
+			my @cmd = qw/rev-parse --show-toplevel/;
+			command_oneline(\@cmd, STDERR => 0);
+		};
 
-sub escape_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	if ($url =~ m#^([^:]+)://([^/]*)(.*)$#) {
-		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, escape_uri_only($3));
-		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
+		# remove $toplevel from the absolute path:
+		my ($vol, $dirs, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath($path);
+		my (undef, $tdirs, $tfile) = File::Spec->splitpath($toplevel);
+		my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dirs);
+		my @tdirs = File::Spec->splitdir($tdirs);
+		pop @dirs if $dirs[-1] eq '';
+		pop @tdirs if $tdirs[-1] eq '';
+		push @dirs, $file;
+		push @tdirs, $tfile;
+		while (@tdirs && @dirs && $tdirs[0] eq $dirs[0]) {
+			shift @dirs;
+			shift @tdirs;
+		}
+		$dirs = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs);
+		$path = File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dirs);
+
+		$path = canonicalize_path($path);
+	} else {
+		$path = canonicalize_path($cmd_dir_prefix . $path);
 	}
-	$url;
-}
-
-sub cmd_info {
-	my $path = canonicalize_path(defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : ".");
-	my $fullpath = canonicalize_path($cmd_dir_prefix . $path);
 	if (exists $_[1]) {
 		die "Too many arguments specified\n";
 	}
@@ -1448,28 +1582,28 @@ sub cmd_info {
 	# canonicalize_path() will return "" to make libsvn 1.5.x happy,
 	$path = "." if $path eq "";
 
-	my $full_url = $url . ($fullpath eq "" ? "" : "/$fullpath");
+	my $full_url = canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $path ) );
 
 	if ($_url) {
-		print escape_url($full_url), "\n";
+		print "$full_url\n";
 		return;
 	}
 
-	my $result = "Path: $path\n";
+	my $result = "Path: $path_arg\n";
 	$result .= "Name: " . basename($path) . "\n" if $file_type ne "dir";
-	$result .= "URL: " . escape_url($full_url) . "\n";
+	$result .= "URL: $full_url\n";
 
 	eval {
 		my $repos_root = $gs->repos_root;
 		Git::SVN::remove_username($repos_root);
-		$result .= "Repository Root: " . escape_url($repos_root) . "\n";
+		$result .= "Repository Root: " . canonicalize_url($repos_root) . "\n";
 	};
 	if ($@) {
 		$result .= "Repository Root: (offline)\n";
 	}
 	::_req_svn();
 	$result .= "Repository UUID: $uuid\n" unless $diff_status eq "A" &&
-		($SVN::Core::VERSION le '1.5.4' || $file_type ne "dir");
+		(::compare_svn_version('1.5.4') <= 0 || $file_type ne "dir");
 	$result .= "Revision: " . ($diff_status eq "A" ? 0 : $rev) . "\n";
 
 	$result .= "Node Kind: " .
@@ -1486,7 +1620,7 @@ sub cmd_info {
 	}
 
 	my ($lc_author, $lc_rev, $lc_date_utc);
-	my @args = Git::SVN::Log::git_svn_log_cmd($rev, $rev, "--", $fullpath);
+	my @args = Git::SVN::Log::git_svn_log_cmd($rev, $rev, "--", $path);
 	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
 	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
 	while (<$log>) {
@@ -1556,11 +1690,13 @@ sub cmd_reset {
 }
 
 sub cmd_gc {
-	if (!$can_compress) {
+	require File::Find;
+	if (!can_compress()) {
 		warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; unhandled.log " .
 		     "files will not be compressed.\n";
 	}
-	find({ wanted => \&gc_directory, no_chdir => 1}, "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
+	File::Find::find({ wanted => \&gc_directory, no_chdir => 1},
+			 "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
 }
 
 ########################### utility functions #########################
@@ -1570,13 +1706,14 @@ sub rebase_cmd {
 	push @cmd, '-v' if $_verbose;
 	push @cmd, qw/--merge/ if $_merge;
 	push @cmd, "--strategy=$_strategy" if $_strategy;
+	push @cmd, "--preserve-merges" if $_preserve_merges;
 	@cmd;
 }
 
 sub post_fetch_checkout {
 	return if $_no_checkout;
+	return if verify_ref('HEAD^0');
 	my $gs = $Git::SVN::_head or return;
-	return if verify_ref('refs/heads/master^0');
 
 	# look for "trunk" ref if it exists
 	my $remote = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes()->{$gs->{repo_id}};
@@ -1589,9 +1726,8 @@ sub post_fetch_checkout {
 		}
 	}
 
-	my $valid_head = verify_ref('HEAD^0');
-	command_noisy(qw(update-ref refs/heads/master), $gs->refname);
-	return if ($valid_head || !verify_ref('HEAD^0'));
+	command_noisy(qw(update-ref HEAD), $gs->refname);
+	return unless verify_ref('HEAD^0');
 
 	return if $ENV{GIT_DIR} !~ m#^(?:.*/)?\.git$#;
 	my $index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/index";
@@ -1609,9 +1745,12 @@ sub post_fetch_checkout {
 
 sub complete_svn_url {
 	my ($url, $path) = @_;
-	$path =~ s#/+$##;
-	if ($path !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
-		if (!defined $url || $url !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+
+	if ($path =~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#i) { # path is a URL
+		$path = canonicalize_url($path);
+	} else {
+		$path = canonicalize_path($path);
+		if (!defined $url || $url !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#i) {
 			fatal("E: '$path' is not a complete URL ",
 			      "and a separate URL is not specified");
 		}
@@ -1626,29 +1765,30 @@ sub complete_url_ls_init {
 		print STDERR "W: $switch not specified\n";
 		return;
 	}
-	$repo_path =~ s#/+$##;
-	if ($repo_path =~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+	if ($repo_path =~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#i) {
+		$repo_path = canonicalize_url($repo_path);
 		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($repo_path);
 		$repo_path = '';
 	} else {
+		$repo_path = canonicalize_path($repo_path);
 		$repo_path =~ s#^/+##;
 		unless ($ra) {
 			fatal("E: '$repo_path' is not a complete URL ",
 			      "and a separate URL is not specified");
 		}
 	}
-	my $url = $ra->{url};
+	my $url = $ra->url;
 	my $gs = Git::SVN->init($url, undef, undef, undef, 1);
 	my $k = "svn-remote.$gs->{repo_id}.url";
 	my $orig_url = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $gs->{url})) {
+	if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $gs->url)) {
 		die "$k already set: $orig_url\n",
-		    "wanted to set to: $gs->{url}\n";
+		    "wanted to set to: $gs->url\n";
 	}
-	command_oneline('config', $k, $gs->{url}) unless $orig_url;
-	my $remote_path = "$gs->{path}/$repo_path";
+	command_oneline('config', $k, $gs->url) unless $orig_url;
+
+	my $remote_path = join_paths( $gs->path, $repo_path );
 	$remote_path =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
-	$remote_path =~ s#/+#/#g;
 	$remote_path =~ s#^/##g;
 	$remote_path .= "/*" if $remote_path !~ /\*/;
 	my ($n) = ($switch =~ /^--(\w+)/);
@@ -1706,7 +1846,7 @@ sub get_commit_entry {
 		my $msgbuf = "";
 		while (<$msg_fh>) {
 			if (!$in_msg) {
-				$in_msg = 1 if (/^\s*$/);
+				$in_msg = 1 if (/^$/);
 				$author = $1 if (/^author (.*>)/);
 			} elsif (/^git-svn-id: /) {
 				# skip this for now, we regenerate the
@@ -1786,7 +1926,7 @@ sub load_authors {
 	my $log = $cmd eq 'log';
 	while (<$authors>) {
 		chomp;
-		next unless /^(.+?|\(no author\))\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.+)>\s*$/;
+		next unless /^(.+?|\(no author\))\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/;
 		my ($user, $name, $email) = ($1, $2, $3);
 		if ($log) {
 			$Git::SVN::Log::rusers{"$name <$email>"} = $user;
@@ -1878,9 +2018,8 @@ sub cmt_sha2rev_batch {
 
 sub working_head_info {
 	my ($head, $refs) = @_;
-	my @args = qw/log --no-color --no-decorate --first-parent
-	              --pretty=medium/;
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head);
+	my @args = qw/rev-list --first-parent --pretty=medium/;
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head, "--");
 	my $hash;
 	my %max;
 	while (<$fh>) {
@@ -1984,6 +2123,7 @@ sub find_file_type_and_diff_status {
 sub md5sum {
 	my $arg = shift;
 	my $ref = ref $arg;
+	require Digest::MD5;
 	my $md5 = Digest::MD5->new();
         if ($ref eq 'GLOB' || $ref eq 'IO::File' || $ref eq 'File::Temp') {
 		$md5->addfile($arg) or croak $!;
@@ -1992,13 +2132,13 @@ sub md5sum {
 	} elsif (!$ref) {
 		$md5->add($arg) or croak $!;
 	} else {
-		::fatal "Can't provide MD5 hash for unknown ref type: '", $ref, "'";
+		fatal "Can't provide MD5 hash for unknown ref type: '", $ref, "'";
 	}
 	return $md5->hexdigest();
 }
 
 sub gc_directory {
-	if ($can_compress && -f $_ && basename($_) eq "unhandled.log") {
+	if (can_compress() && -f $_ && basename($_) eq "unhandled.log") {
 		my $out_filename = $_ . ".gz";
 		open my $in_fh, "<", $_ or die "Unable to open $_: $!\n";
 		binmode $in_fh;
@@ -2010,4712 +2150,13 @@ sub gc_directory {
 			$gz->gzwrite($str) or
 				die "Unable to write: ".$gz->gzerror()."!\n";
 		}
+		no warnings 'once'; # $File::Find::name would warn
 		unlink $_ or die "unlink $File::Find::name: $!\n";
 	} elsif (-f $_ && basename($_) eq "index") {
 		unlink $_ or die "unlink $_: $!\n";
 	}
 }
 
-package Git::SVN;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Fcntl qw/:DEFAULT :seek/;
-use constant rev_map_fmt => 'NH40';
-use vars qw/$default_repo_id $default_ref_id $_no_metadata $_follow_parent
-            $_repack $_repack_flags $_use_svm_props $_head
-            $_use_svnsync_props $no_reuse_existing $_minimize_url
-	    $_use_log_author $_add_author_from $_localtime/;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Copy qw/copy/;
-use IPC::Open3;
-use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
-use Memoize::Storable;
-
-my ($_gc_nr, $_gc_period);
-
-# properties that we do not log:
-my %SKIP_PROP;
-BEGIN {
-	%SKIP_PROP = map { $_ => 1 } qw/svn:wc:ra_dav:version-url
-	                                svn:special svn:executable
-	                                svn:entry:committed-rev
-	                                svn:entry:last-author
-	                                svn:entry:uuid
-	                                svn:entry:committed-date/;
-
-	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
-	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
-	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
-	no strict 'refs';
-	for my $option (qw/follow_parent no_metadata use_svm_props
-			   use_svnsync_props/) {
-		my $key = $option;
-		$key =~ tr/_//d;
-		my $prop = "-$option";
-		*$option = sub {
-			my ($self) = @_;
-			return $self->{$prop} if exists $self->{$prop};
-			my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.$key";
-			eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-			if ($@) {
-				$self->{$prop} = ${"Git::SVN::_$option"};
-			} else {
-				my $v = command_oneline(qw/config --bool/,$k);
-				$self->{$prop} = $v eq 'false' ? 0 : 1;
-			}
-			return $self->{$prop};
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-my (%LOCKFILES, %INDEX_FILES);
-END {
-	unlink keys %LOCKFILES if %LOCKFILES;
-	unlink keys %INDEX_FILES if %INDEX_FILES;
-}
-
-sub resolve_local_globs {
-	my ($url, $fetch, $glob_spec) = @_;
-	return unless defined $glob_spec;
-	my $ref = $glob_spec->{ref};
-	my $path = $glob_spec->{path};
-	foreach (command(qw#for-each-ref --format=%(refname) refs/#)) {
-		next unless m#^$ref->{regex}$#;
-		my $p = $1;
-		my $pathname = desanitize_refname($path->full_path($p));
-		my $refname = desanitize_refname($ref->full_path($p));
-		if (my $existing = $fetch->{$pathname}) {
-			if ($existing ne $refname) {
-				die "Refspec conflict:\n",
-				    "existing: $existing\n",
-				    " globbed: $refname\n";
-			}
-			my $u = (::cmt_metadata("$refname"))[0];
-			$u =~ s!^\Q$url\E(/|$)!! or die
-			  "$refname: '$url' not found in '$u'\n";
-			if ($pathname ne $u) {
-				warn "W: Refspec glob conflict ",
-				     "(ref: $refname):\n",
-				     "expected path: $pathname\n",
-				     "    real path: $u\n",
-				     "Continuing ahead with $u\n";
-				next;
-			}
-		} else {
-			$fetch->{$pathname} = $refname;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub parse_revision_argument {
-	my ($base, $head) = @_;
-	if (!defined $::_revision || $::_revision eq 'BASE:HEAD') {
-		return ($base, $head);
-	}
-	return ($1, $2) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/);
-	return ($::_revision, $::_revision) if ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/);
-	return ($head, $head) if ($::_revision eq 'HEAD');
-	return ($base, $1) if ($::_revision =~ /^BASE:(\d+)$/);
-	return ($1, $head) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):HEAD$/);
-	die "revision argument: $::_revision not understood by git-svn\n";
-}
-
-sub fetch_all {
-	my ($repo_id, $remotes) = @_;
-	if (ref $repo_id) {
-		my $gs = $repo_id;
-		$repo_id = undef;
-		$repo_id = $gs->{repo_id};
-	}
-	$remotes ||= read_all_remotes();
-	my $remote = $remotes->{$repo_id} or
-	             die "[svn-remote \"$repo_id\"] unknown\n";
-	my $fetch = $remote->{fetch};
-	my $url = $remote->{url} or die "svn-remote.$repo_id.url not defined\n";
-	my (@gs, @globs);
-	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
-	my $uuid = $ra->get_uuid;
-	my $head = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
-
-	# ignore errors, $head revision may not even exist anymore
-	eval { $ra->get_log("", $head, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub { $head = $_[1] }) };
-	warn "W: $@\n" if $@;
-
-	my $base = defined $fetch ? $head : 0;
-
-	# read the max revs for wildcard expansion (branches/*, tags/*)
-	foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
-		defined $remote->{$t} or next;
-		push @globs, @{$remote->{$t}};
-
-		my $max_rev = eval { tmp_config(qw/--int --get/,
-		                         "svn-remote.$repo_id.${t}-maxRev") };
-		if (defined $max_rev && ($max_rev < $base)) {
-			$base = $max_rev;
-		} elsif (!defined $max_rev) {
-			$base = 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ($fetch) {
-		foreach my $p (sort keys %$fetch) {
-			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$p}, $repo_id, $p);
-			my $lr = $gs->rev_map_max;
-			if (defined $lr) {
-				$base = $lr if ($lr < $base);
-			}
-			push @gs, $gs;
-		}
-	}
-
-	($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument($base, $head);
-	$ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, \@gs, \@globs);
-}
-
-sub read_all_remotes {
-	my $r = {};
-	my $use_svm_props = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --bool
-	    svn.useSvmProps/) };
-	$use_svm_props = $use_svm_props eq 'true' if $use_svm_props;
-	my $svn_refspec = qr{\s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*};
-	foreach (grep { s/^svn-remote\.// } command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		if (m!^(.+)\.fetch=$svn_refspec$!) {
-			my ($remote, $local_ref, $remote_ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
-			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' "
-			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
-				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
-			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
-			$r->{$remote}->{fetch}->{$local_ref} = $remote_ref;
-			$r->{$remote}->{svm} = {} if $use_svm_props;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.usesvmprops=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{svm} = {};
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.url=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{url} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.pushurl=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{pushurl} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.ignore-refs=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{ignore_refs_regex} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.(branches|tags)=$svn_refspec$!) {
-			my ($remote, $t, $local_ref, $remote_ref) =
-			                                     ($1, $2, $3, $4);
-			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' ($t) "
-			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
-				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
-			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
-			my $rs = {
-			    t => $t,
-			    remote => $remote,
-			    path => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($local_ref, 1),
-			    ref => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($remote_ref, 0) };
-			if (length($rs->{ref}->{right}) != 0) {
-				die "The '*' glob character must be the last ",
-				    "character of '$remote_ref'\n";
-			}
-			push @{ $r->{$remote}->{$t} }, $rs;
-		}
-	}
-
-	map {
-		if (defined $r->{$_}->{svm}) {
-			my $svm;
-			eval {
-				my $section = "svn-remote.$_";
-				$svm = {
-					source => tmp_config('--get',
-					    "$section.svm-source"),
-					replace => tmp_config('--get',
-					    "$section.svm-replace"),
-				}
-			};
-			$r->{$_}->{svm} = $svm;
-		}
-	} keys %$r;
-
-	foreach my $remote (keys %$r) {
-		foreach ( grep { defined $_ }
-			  map { $r->{$remote}->{$_} } qw(branches tags) ) {
-			foreach my $rs ( @$_ ) {
-				$rs->{ignore_refs_regex} =
-				    $r->{$remote}->{ignore_refs_regex};
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	$r;
-}
-
-sub init_vars {
-	$_gc_nr = $_gc_period = 1000;
-	if (defined $_repack || defined $_repack_flags) {
-	       warn "Repack options are obsolete; they have no effect.\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub verify_remotes_sanity {
-	return unless -d $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	my %seen;
-	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		if (m!^svn-remote\.(?:.+)\.fetch=.*:refs/remotes/(\S+)\s*$!) {
-			if ($seen{$1}) {
-				die "Remote ref refs/remote/$1 is tracked by",
-				    "\n  \"$_\"\nand\n  \"$seen{$1}\"\n",
-				    "Please resolve this ambiguity in ",
-				    "your git configuration file before ",
-				    "continuing\n";
-			}
-			$seen{$1} = $_;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub find_existing_remote {
-	my ($url, $remotes) = @_;
-	return undef if $no_reuse_existing;
-	my $existing;
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
-		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		next if $u ne $url;
-		$existing = $repo_id;
-		last;
-	}
-	$existing;
-}
-
-sub init_remote_config {
-	my ($self, $url, $no_write) = @_;
-	$url =~ s!/+$!!; # strip trailing slash
-	my $r = read_all_remotes();
-	my $existing = find_existing_remote($url, $r);
-	if ($existing) {
-		unless ($no_write) {
-			print STDERR "Using existing ",
-				     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
-		}
-		$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
-	} elsif ($_minimize_url) {
-		my $min_url = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url)->minimize_url;
-		$existing = find_existing_remote($min_url, $r);
-		if ($existing) {
-			unless ($no_write) {
-				print STDERR "Using existing ",
-					     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
-			}
-			$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
-		}
-		if ($min_url ne $url) {
-			unless ($no_write) {
-				print STDERR "Using higher level of URL: ",
-					     "$url => $min_url\n";
-			}
-			my $old_path = $self->{path};
-			$self->{path} = $url;
-			$self->{path} =~ s!^\Q$min_url\E(/|$)!!;
-			if (length $old_path) {
-				$self->{path} .= "/$old_path";
-			}
-			$url = $min_url;
-		}
-	}
-	my $orig_url;
-	if (!$existing) {
-		# verify that we aren't overwriting anything:
-		$orig_url = eval {
-			command_oneline('config', '--get',
-					"svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url")
-		};
-		if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $url)) {
-			die "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url already set: ",
-			    "$orig_url\nwanted to set to: $url\n";
-		}
-	}
-	my ($xrepo_id, $xpath) = find_ref($self->refname);
-	if (!$no_write && defined $xpath) {
-		die "svn-remote.$xrepo_id.fetch already set to track ",
-		    "$xpath:", $self->refname, "\n";
-	}
-	unless ($no_write) {
-		command_noisy('config',
-			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url", $url);
-		$self->{path} =~ s{^/}{};
-		$self->{path} =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
-		command_noisy('config', '--add',
-			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.fetch",
-			      "$self->{path}:".$self->refname);
-	}
-	$self->{url} = $url;
-}
-
-sub find_by_url { # repos_root and, path are optional
-	my ($class, $full_url, $repos_root, $path) = @_;
-
-	return undef unless defined $full_url;
-	remove_username($full_url);
-	remove_username($repos_root) if defined $repos_root;
-	my $remotes = read_all_remotes();
-	if (defined $full_url && defined $repos_root && !defined $path) {
-		$path = $full_url;
-		$path =~ s#^\Q$repos_root\E(?:/|$)##;
-	}
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
-		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		remove_username($u);
-		next if defined $repos_root && $repos_root ne $u;
-
-		my $fetch = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{fetch} || {};
-		foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
-			foreach my $globspec (@{$remotes->{$repo_id}->{$t}}) {
-				resolve_local_globs($u, $fetch, $globspec);
-			}
-		}
-		my $p = $path;
-		my $rwr = rewrite_root({repo_id => $repo_id});
-		my $svm = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm}
-			if defined $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm};
-		unless (defined $p) {
-			$p = $full_url;
-			my $z = $u;
-			my $prefix = '';
-			if ($rwr) {
-				$z = $rwr;
-				remove_username($z);
-			} elsif (defined $svm) {
-				$z = $svm->{source};
-				$prefix = $svm->{replace};
-				$prefix =~ s#^\Q$u\E(?:/|$)##;
-				$prefix =~ s#/$##;
-			}
-			$p =~ s#^\Q$z\E(?:/|$)#$prefix# or next;
-		}
-		foreach my $f (keys %$fetch) {
-			next if $f ne $p;
-			return Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$f}, $repo_id, $f);
-		}
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub init {
-	my ($class, $url, $path, $repo_id, $ref_id, $no_write) = @_;
-	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
-	if (defined $url) {
-		$self->init_remote_config($url, $no_write);
-	}
-	$self;
-}
-
-sub find_ref {
-	my ($ref_id) = @_;
-	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		next unless m!^svn-remote\.(.+)\.fetch=
-		              \s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$!x;
-		my ($repo_id, $path, $ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
-		if ($ref eq $ref_id) {
-			$path = '' if ($path =~ m#^\./?#);
-			return ($repo_id, $path);
-		}
-	}
-	(undef, undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $ref_id, $repo_id, $path) = @_;
-	if (defined $ref_id && !defined $repo_id && !defined $path) {
-		($repo_id, $path) = find_ref($ref_id);
-		if (!defined $repo_id) {
-			die "Could not find a \"svn-remote.*.fetch\" key ",
-			    "in the repository configuration matching: ",
-			    "$ref_id\n";
-		}
-	}
-	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
-	if (!defined $self->{path} || !length $self->{path}) {
-		my $fetch = command_oneline('config', '--get',
-		                            "svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch",
-		                            ":$ref_id\$") or
-		     die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch\" ",
-		         "\":$ref_id\$\" in config\n";
-		($self->{path}, undef) = split(/\s*:\s*/, $fetch);
-	}
-	$self->{path} =~ s{/+}{/}g;
-	$self->{path} =~ s{\A/}{};
-	$self->{path} =~ s{/\z}{};
-	$self->{url} = command_oneline('config', '--get',
-	                               "svn-remote.$repo_id.url") or
-                  die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.url\" in config\n";
-	$self->{pushurl} = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
-	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.pushurl") };
-	$self->rebuild;
-	$self;
-}
-
-sub refname {
-	my ($refname) = $_[0]->{ref_id} ;
-
-	# It cannot end with a slash /, we'll throw up on this because
-	# SVN can't have directories with a slash in their name, either:
-	if ($refname =~ m{/$}) {
-		die "ref: '$refname' ends with a trailing slash, this is ",
-		    "not permitted by git nor Subversion\n";
-	}
-
-	# It cannot have ASCII control character space, tilde ~, caret ^,
-	# colon :, question-mark ?, asterisk *, space, or open bracket [
-	# anywhere.
-	#
-	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
-	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
-	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{uc sprintf('%%%02x',ord($1))}eg;
-
-	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
-	# /.* becomes /%2E*
-	$refname =~ s{/\.}{/%2E}g;
-
-	# It cannot have two consecutive dots .. anywhere
-	# .. becomes %2E%2E
-	$refname =~ s{\.\.}{%2E%2E}g;
-
-	# trailing dots and .lock are not allowed
-	# .$ becomes %2E and .lock becomes %2Elock
-	$refname =~ s{\.(?=$|lock$)}{%2E};
-
-	# the sequence @{ is used to access the reflog
-	# @{ becomes %40{
-	$refname =~ s{\@\{}{%40\{}g;
-
-	return $refname;
-}
-
-sub desanitize_refname {
-	my ($refname) = @_;
-	$refname =~ s{%(?:([0-9A-F]{2}))}{chr hex($1)}eg;
-	return $refname;
-}
-
-sub svm_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svm}->{uuid} if $self->svm;
-	$self->ra;
-	unless ($self->{svm}) {
-		die "SVM UUID not cached, and reading remotely failed\n";
-	}
-	$self->{svm}->{uuid};
-}
-
-sub svm {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svm} if $self->{svm};
-	my $svm;
-	# see if we have it in our config, first:
-	eval {
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-		$svm = {
-		  source => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-source"),
-		  uuid => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-uuid"),
-		  replace => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-replace"),
-		}
-	};
-	if ($svm && $svm->{source} && $svm->{uuid} && $svm->{replace}) {
-		$self->{svm} = $svm;
-	}
-	$self->{svm};
-}
-
-sub _set_svm_vars {
-	my ($self, $ra) = @_;
-	return $ra if $self->svm;
-
-	my @err = ( "useSvmProps set, but failed to read SVM properties\n",
-		    "(svm:source, svm:uuid) ",
-		    "from the following URLs:\n" );
-	sub read_svm_props {
-		my ($self, $ra, $path, $r) = @_;
-		my $props = ($ra->get_dir($path, $r))[2];
-		my $src = $props->{'svm:source'};
-		my $uuid = $props->{'svm:uuid'};
-		return undef if (!$src || !$uuid);
-
-		chomp($src, $uuid);
-
-		$uuid =~ m{^[0-9a-f\-]{30,}$}i
-		    or die "doesn't look right - svm:uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-		# the '!' is used to mark the repos_root!/relative/path
-		$src =~ s{/?!/?}{/};
-		$src =~ s{/+$}{}; # no trailing slashes please
-		# username is of no interest
-		$src =~ s{(^[a-z\+]*://)[^/@]*@}{$1};
-
-		my $replace = $ra->{url};
-		$replace .= "/$path" if length $path;
-
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-source", $src);
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-replace", $replace);
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-uuid", $uuid);
-		$self->{svm} = {
-			source => $src,
-			uuid => $uuid,
-			replace => $replace
-		};
-	}
-
-	my $r = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
-	my $path = $self->{path};
-	my %tried;
-	while (length $path) {
-		unless ($tried{"$self->{url}/$path"}) {
-			return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-			$tried{"$self->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-		}
-		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
-	}
-	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
-	return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-	$tried{"$self->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-
-	if ($ra->{repos_root} eq $self->{url}) {
-		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
-	}
-
-	# nope, make sure we're connected to the repository root:
-	my $ok;
-	my @tried_b;
-	$path = $ra->{svn_path};
-	$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
-	while (length $path) {
-		unless ($tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"}) {
-			$ok = $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-			last if $ok;
-			$tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-		}
-		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
-	}
-	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
-	$ok ||= $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-	$tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-	if (!$ok) {
-		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
-	}
-	Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->{url});
-}
-
-sub svnsync {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svnsync} if $self->{svnsync};
-
-	if ($self->no_metadata) {
-		die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
-		    "'useSvnsyncProps' options set!\n";
-	}
-	if ($self->rewrite_root) {
-		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
-		    "options set!\n";
-	}
-	if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
-		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
-		    "options set!\n";
-	}
-
-	my $svnsync;
-	# see if we have it in our config, first:
-	eval {
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-
-		my $url = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-url");
-		($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
-		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
-
-		my $uuid = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-uuid");
-		($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
-		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-		$svnsync = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid }
-	};
-	if ($svnsync && $svnsync->{url} && $svnsync->{uuid}) {
-		return $self->{svnsync} = $svnsync;
-	}
-
-	my $err = "useSvnsyncProps set, but failed to read " .
-	          "svnsync property: svn:sync-from-";
-	my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist(0);
-
-	my $url = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-url'} or die $err . "url\n";
-	($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
-	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
-
-	my $uuid = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-uuid'} or die $err . "uuid\n";
-	($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
-	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-	my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-uuid", $uuid);
-	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-url", $url);
-	return $self->{svnsync} = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid };
-}
-
-# this allows us to memoize our SVN::Ra UUID locally and avoid a
-# remote lookup (useful for 'git svn log').
-sub ra_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	unless ($self->{ra_uuid}) {
-		my $key = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.uuid";
-		my $uuid = eval { tmp_config('--get', $key) };
-		if (!$@ && $uuid && $uuid =~ /^([a-f\d\-]{30,})$/i) {
-			$self->{ra_uuid} = $uuid;
-		} else {
-			die "ra_uuid called without URL\n" unless $self->{url};
-			$self->{ra_uuid} = $self->ra->get_uuid;
-			tmp_config('--add', $key, $self->{ra_uuid});
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{ra_uuid};
-}
-
-sub _set_repos_root {
-	my ($self, $repos_root) = @_;
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
-	$repos_root ||= $self->ra->{repos_root};
-	tmp_config($k, $repos_root);
-	$repos_root;
-}
-
-sub repos_root {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
-	eval { tmp_config('--get', $k) } || $self->_set_repos_root;
-}
-
-sub ra {
-	my ($self) = shift;
-	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->{url});
-	$self->_set_repos_root($ra->{repos_root});
-	if ($self->use_svm_props && !$self->{svm}) {
-		if ($self->no_metadata) {
-			die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
-			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
-		} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and ",
-			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
-		}
-		$ra = $self->_set_svm_vars($ra);
-		$self->{-want_revprops} = 1;
-	}
-	$ra;
-}
-
-# prop_walk(PATH, REV, SUB)
-# -------------------------
-# Recursively traverse PATH at revision REV and invoke SUB for each
-# directory that contains a SVN property.  SUB will be invoked as
-# follows:  &SUB(gs, path, props);  where `gs' is this instance of
-# Git::SVN, `path' the path to the directory where the properties
-# `props' were found.  The `path' will be relative to point of checkout,
-# that is, if url://repo/trunk is the current Git branch, and that
-# directory contains a sub-directory `d', SUB will be invoked with `/d/'
-# as `path' (note the trailing `/').
-sub prop_walk {
-	my ($self, $path, $rev, $sub) = @_;
-
-	$path =~ s#^/##;
-	my ($dirent, undef, $props) = $self->ra->get_dir($path, $rev);
-	$path =~ s#^/*#/#g;
-	my $p = $path;
-	# Strip the irrelevant part of the path.
-	$p =~ s#^/+\Q$self->{path}\E(/|$)#/#;
-	# Ensure the path is terminated by a `/'.
-	$p =~ s#/*$#/#;
-
-	# The properties contain all the internal SVN stuff nobody
-	# (usually) cares about.
-	my $interesting_props = 0;
-	foreach (keys %{$props}) {
-		# If it doesn't start with `svn:', it must be a
-		# user-defined property.
-		++$interesting_props and next if $_ !~ /^svn:/;
-		# FIXME: Fragile, if SVN adds new public properties,
-		# this needs to be updated.
-		++$interesting_props if /^svn:(?:ignore|keywords|executable
-		                                 |eol-style|mime-type
-						 |externals|needs-lock)$/x;
-	}
-	&$sub($self, $p, $props) if $interesting_props;
-
-	foreach (sort keys %$dirent) {
-		next if $dirent->{$_}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
-		$self->prop_walk($self->{path} . $p . $_, $rev, $sub);
-	}
-}
-
-sub last_rev { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[0] }
-sub last_commit { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[1] }
-
-# returns the newest SVN revision number and newest commit SHA1
-sub last_rev_commit {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	if (defined $self->{last_rev} && defined $self->{last_commit}) {
-		return ($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit});
-	}
-	my $c = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
-	if ($c && !$self->use_svm_props && !$self->no_metadata) {
-		my $rev = (::cmt_metadata($c))[1];
-		if (defined $rev) {
-			($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $c);
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-	}
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	unless (-e $map_path) {
-		($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = (undef, undef);
-		return (undef, undef);
-	}
-	my ($rev, $commit) = $self->rev_map_max(1);
-	($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $commit);
-	return ($rev, $commit);
-}
-
-sub get_fetch_range {
-	my ($self, $min, $max) = @_;
-	$max ||= $self->ra->get_latest_revnum;
-	$min ||= $self->rev_map_max;
-	(++$min, $max);
-}
-
-sub tmp_config {
-	my (@args) = @_;
-	my $old_def_config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config";
-	my $config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.metadata";
-	if (! -f $config && -f $old_def_config) {
-		rename $old_def_config, $config or
-		       die "Failed rename $old_def_config => $config: $!\n";
-	}
-	my $old_config = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
-	$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $config;
-	$@ = undef;
-	my @ret = eval {
-		unless (-f $config) {
-			mkfile($config);
-			open my $fh, '>', $config or
-			    die "Can't open $config: $!\n";
-			print $fh "; This file is used internally by ",
-			          "git-svn\n" or die
-				  "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
-			print $fh "; You should not have to edit it\n" or
-			      die "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
-			close $fh or die "Couldn't close $config: $!\n";
-		}
-		command('config', @args);
-	};
-	my $err = $@;
-	if (defined $old_config) {
-		$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $old_config;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
-	}
-	die $err if $err;
-	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
-}
-
-sub tmp_index_do {
-	my ($self, $sub) = @_;
-	my $old_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
-	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $self->{index};
-	$@ = undef;
-	my @ret = eval {
-		my ($dir, $base) = ($self->{index} =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
-		&$sub;
-	};
-	my $err = $@;
-	if (defined $old_index) {
-		$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $old_index;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
-	}
-	die $err if $err;
-	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
-}
-
-sub assert_index_clean {
-	my ($self, $treeish) = @_;
-
-	$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish) unless -e $self->{index};
-		my $x = command_oneline('write-tree');
-		my ($y) = (command(qw/cat-file commit/, $treeish) =~
-		           /^tree ($::sha1)/mo);
-		return if $y eq $x;
-
-		warn "Index mismatch: $y != $x\nrereading $treeish\n";
-		unlink $self->{index} or die "unlink $self->{index}: $!\n";
-		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish);
-		$x = command_oneline('write-tree');
-		if ($y ne $x) {
-			::fatal "trees ($treeish) $y != $x\n",
-			        "Something is seriously wrong...";
-		}
-	});
-}
-
-sub get_commit_parents {
-	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
-	my (%seen, @ret, @tmp);
-	# legacy support for 'set-tree'; this is only used by set_tree_cb:
-	if (my $ip = $self->{inject_parents}) {
-		if (my $commit = delete $ip->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
-			push @tmp, $commit;
-		}
-	}
-	if (my $cur = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0')) {
-		push @tmp, $cur;
-	}
-	if (my $ipd = $self->{inject_parents_dcommit}) {
-		if (my $commit = delete $ipd->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
-			push @tmp, @$commit;
-		}
-	}
-	push @tmp, $_ foreach (@{$log_entry->{parents}}, @tmp);
-	while (my $p = shift @tmp) {
-		next if $seen{$p};
-		$seen{$p} = 1;
-		push @ret, $p;
-	}
-	@ret;
-}
-
-sub rewrite_root {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{-rewrite_root} if exists $self->{-rewrite_root};
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteRoot";
-	my $rwr = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($rwr) {
-		$rwr =~ s#/+$##;
-		if ($rwr !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
-			die "$rwr is not a valid URL (key: $k)\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{-rewrite_root} = $rwr;
-}
-
-sub rewrite_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{-rewrite_uuid} if exists $self->{-rewrite_uuid};
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteUUID";
-	my $rwid = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($rwid) {
-		$rwid =~ s#/+$##;
-		if ($rwid !~ m#^[a-f0-9]{8}-(?:[a-f0-9]{4}-){3}[a-f0-9]{12}$#) {
-			die "$rwid is not a valid UUID (key: $k)\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{-rewrite_uuid} = $rwid;
-}
-
-sub metadata_url {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	($self->rewrite_root || $self->{url}) .
-	   (length $self->{path} ? '/' . $self->{path} : '');
-}
-
-sub full_url {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	$self->{url} . (length $self->{path} ? '/' . $self->{path} : '');
-}
-
-sub full_pushurl {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	if ($self->{pushurl}) {
-		return $self->{pushurl} . (length $self->{path} ? '/' .
-		       $self->{path} : '');
-	} else {
-		return $self->full_url;
-	}
-}
-
-sub set_commit_header_env {
-	my ($log_entry) = @_;
-	my %env;
-	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
-		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
-			$env{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"} = $ENV{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"};
-		}
-	}
-
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $log_entry->{name};
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $log_entry->{email};
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE} = $log_entry->{date};
-
-	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_name})
-						? $log_entry->{commit_name}
-						: $log_entry->{name};
-	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_email})
-						? $log_entry->{commit_email}
-						: $log_entry->{email};
-	\%env;
-}
-
-sub restore_commit_header_env {
-	my ($env) = @_;
-	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
-		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
-			my $k = "GIT_${ac}_${ned}";
-			if (defined $env->{$k}) {
-				$ENV{$k} = $env->{$k};
-			} else {
-				delete $ENV{$k};
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub gc {
-	command_noisy('gc', '--auto');
-};
-
-sub do_git_commit {
-	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
-	my $lr = $self->last_rev;
-	if (defined $lr && $lr >= $log_entry->{revision}) {
-		die "Last fetched revision of ", $self->refname,
-		    " was r$lr, but we are about to fetch: ",
-		    "r$log_entry->{revision}!\n";
-	}
-	if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($log_entry->{revision})) {
-		croak "$log_entry->{revision} = $c already exists! ",
-		      "Why are we refetching it?\n";
-	}
-	my $old_env = set_commit_header_env($log_entry);
-	my $tree = $log_entry->{tree};
-	if (!defined $tree) {
-		$tree = $self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-		                            command_oneline('write-tree') });
-	}
-	die "Tree is not a valid sha1: $tree\n" if $tree !~ /^$::sha1$/o;
-
-	my @exec = ('git', 'commit-tree', $tree);
-	foreach ($self->get_commit_parents($log_entry)) {
-		push @exec, '-p', $_;
-	}
-	defined(my $pid = open3(my $msg_fh, my $out_fh, '>&STDERR', @exec))
-	                                                           or croak $!;
-	binmode $msg_fh;
-
-	# we always get UTF-8 from SVN, but we may want our commits in
-	# a different encoding.
-	if (my $enc = Git::config('i18n.commitencoding')) {
-		require Encode;
-		Encode::from_to($log_entry->{log}, 'UTF-8', $enc);
-	}
-	print $msg_fh $log_entry->{log} or croak $!;
-	restore_commit_header_env($old_env);
-	unless ($self->no_metadata) {
-		print $msg_fh "\ngit-svn-id: $log_entry->{metadata}\n"
-		              or croak $!;
-	}
-	$msg_fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
-	close $msg_fh or croak $!;
-	chomp(my $commit = do { local $/; <$out_fh> });
-	close $out_fh or croak $!;
-	waitpid $pid, 0;
-	croak $? if $?;
-	if ($commit !~ /^$::sha1$/o) {
-		die "Failed to commit, invalid sha1: $commit\n";
-	}
-
-	$self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{revision}, $commit, 1);
-
-	$self->{last_rev} = $log_entry->{revision};
-	$self->{last_commit} = $commit;
-	print "r$log_entry->{revision}" unless $::_q > 1;
-	if (defined $log_entry->{svm_revision}) {
-		 print " (\@$log_entry->{svm_revision})" unless $::_q > 1;
-		 $self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{svm_revision}, $commit,
-		                   0, $self->svm_uuid);
-	}
-	print " = $commit ($self->{ref_id})\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-	if (--$_gc_nr == 0) {
-		$_gc_nr = $_gc_period;
-		gc();
-	}
-	return $commit;
-}
-
-sub match_paths {
-	my ($self, $paths, $r) = @_;
-	return 1 if $self->{path} eq '';
-	if (my $path = $paths->{"/$self->{path}"}) {
-		return ($path->{action} eq 'D') ? 0 : 1;
-	}
-	$self->{path_regex} ||= qr/^\/\Q$self->{path}\E\//;
-	if (grep /$self->{path_regex}/, keys %$paths) {
-		return 1;
-	}
-	my $c = '';
-	foreach (split m#/#, $self->{path}) {
-		$c .= "/$_";
-		next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
-		             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
-		if ($self->ra->check_path($self->{path}, $r) ==
-		    $SVN::Node::dir) {
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub find_parent_branch {
-	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
-	return undef unless $self->follow_parent;
-	unless (defined $paths) {
-		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
-		$SVN::Error::handler = \&Git::SVN::Ra::skip_unknown_revs;
-		$self->ra->get_log([$self->{path}], $rev, $rev, 0, 1, 1,
-				   sub { $paths = $_[0] });
-		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
-	}
-	return undef unless defined $paths;
-
-	# look for a parent from another branch:
-	my @b_path_components = split m#/#, $self->{path};
-	my @a_path_components;
-	my $i;
-	while (@b_path_components) {
-		$i = $paths->{'/'.join('/', @b_path_components)};
-		last if $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
-		unshift(@a_path_components, pop(@b_path_components));
-	}
-	return undef unless defined $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
-	my $branch_from = $i->{copyfrom_path};
-	if (@a_path_components) {
-		print STDERR "branch_from: $branch_from => ";
-		$branch_from .= '/'.join('/', @a_path_components);
-		print STDERR $branch_from, "\n";
-	}
-	my $r = $i->{copyfrom_rev};
-	my $repos_root = $self->ra->{repos_root};
-	my $url = $self->ra->{url};
-	my $new_url = $url . $branch_from;
-	print STDERR  "Found possible branch point: ",
-	              "$new_url => ", $self->full_url, ", $r\n"
-	              unless $::_q > 1;
-	$branch_from =~ s#^/##;
-	my $gs = $self->other_gs($new_url, $url,
-		                 $branch_from, $r, $self->{ref_id});
-	my ($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
-	{
-		my ($base, $head);
-		if (!defined $r0 || !defined $parent) {
-			($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument(0, $r);
-		} else {
-			if ($r0 < $r) {
-				$gs->ra->get_log([$gs->{path}], $r0 + 1, $r, 1,
-					0, 1, sub { $base = $_[1] - 1 });
-			}
-		}
-		if (defined $base && $base <= $r) {
-			$gs->fetch($base, $r);
-		}
-		($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
-	}
-	if (defined $r0 && defined $parent) {
-		print STDERR "Found branch parent: ($self->{ref_id}) $parent\n"
-		             unless $::_q > 1;
-		my $ed;
-		if ($self->ra->can_do_switch) {
-			$self->assert_index_clean($parent);
-			print STDERR "Following parent with do_switch\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			# do_switch works with svn/trunk >= r22312, but that
-			# is not included with SVN 1.4.3 (the latest version
-			# at the moment), so we can't rely on it
-			$self->{last_rev} = $r0;
-			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
-			$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self, $gs->{path});
-			$gs->ra->gs_do_switch($r0, $rev, $gs,
-					      $self->full_url, $ed)
-			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-		} elsif ($self->ra->trees_match($new_url, $r0,
-			                        $self->full_url, $rev)) {
-			print STDERR "Trees match:\n",
-			             "  $new_url\@$r0\n",
-			             "  ${\$self->full_url}\@$rev\n",
-			             "Following parent with no changes\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-			    command_noisy('read-tree', $parent);
-			});
-			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Following parent with do_update\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
-			$self->ra->gs_do_update($rev, $rev, $self, $ed)
-			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-		}
-		print STDERR "Successfully followed parent\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-		return $self->make_log_entry($rev, [$parent], $ed);
-	}
-	return undef;
-}
-
-sub do_fetch {
-	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
-	my $ed;
-	my ($last_rev, @parents);
-	if (my $lc = $self->last_commit) {
-		# we can have a branch that was deleted, then re-added
-		# under the same name but copied from another path, in
-		# which case we'll have multiple parents (we don't
-		# want to break the original ref, nor lose copypath info):
-		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
-			push @{$log_entry->{parents}}, $lc;
-			return $log_entry;
-		}
-		$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
-		$last_rev = $self->{last_rev};
-		$ed->{c} = $lc;
-		@parents = ($lc);
-	} else {
-		$last_rev = $rev;
-		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
-			return $log_entry;
-		}
-		$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
-	}
-	unless ($self->ra->gs_do_update($last_rev, $rev, $self, $ed)) {
-		die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-	}
-	$self->make_log_entry($rev, \@parents, $ed);
-}
-
-sub mkemptydirs {
-	my ($self, $r) = @_;
-
-	sub scan {
-		my ($r, $empty_dirs, $line) = @_;
-		if (defined $r && $line =~ /^r(\d+)$/) {
-			return 0 if $1 > $r;
-		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \+empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
-			$empty_dirs->{$1} = 1;
-		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \-empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
-			my @d = grep {m[^\Q$1\E(/|$)]} (keys %$empty_dirs);
-			delete @$empty_dirs{@d};
-		}
-		1; # continue
-	};
-
-	my %empty_dirs = ();
-	my $gz_file = "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log.gz";
-	if (-f $gz_file) {
-		if (!$can_compress) {
-			warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; ",
-			     "empty directories in $gz_file will not be read\n";
-		} else {
-			my $gz = Compress::Zlib::gzopen($gz_file, "rb") or
-				die "Unable to open $gz_file: $!\n";
-			my $line;
-			while ($gz->gzreadline($line) > 0) {
-				scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $line) or last;
-			}
-			$gz->gzclose;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (open my $fh, '<', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log") {
-		binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-		while (<$fh>) {
-			scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $_) or last;
-		}
-		close $fh;
-	}
-
-	my $strip = qr/\A\Q$self->{path}\E(?:\/|$)/;
-	foreach my $d (sort keys %empty_dirs) {
-		$d = uri_decode($d);
-		$d =~ s/$strip//;
-		next unless length($d);
-		next if -d $d;
-		if (-e $d) {
-			warn "$d exists but is not a directory\n";
-		} else {
-			print "creating empty directory: $d\n";
-			mkpath([$d]);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_untracked {
-	my ($self, $ed) = @_;
-	my @out;
-	my $h = $ed->{empty};
-	foreach (sort keys %$h) {
-		my $act = $h->{$_} ? '+empty_dir' : '-empty_dir';
-		push @out, "  $act: " . uri_encode($_);
-		warn "W: $act: $_\n";
-	}
-	foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
-		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
-		foreach my $path (sort keys %$h) {
-			my $ppath = $path eq '' ? '.' : $path;
-			foreach my $prop (sort keys %{$h->{$path}}) {
-				next if $SKIP_PROP{$prop};
-				my $v = $h->{$path}->{$prop};
-				my $t_ppath_prop = "$t: " .
-				                    uri_encode($ppath) . ' ' .
-				                    uri_encode($prop);
-				if (defined $v) {
-					push @out, "  +$t_ppath_prop " .
-					           uri_encode($v);
-				} else {
-					push @out, "  -$t_ppath_prop";
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	foreach my $t (qw/absent_file absent_directory/) {
-		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
-		foreach my $parent (sort keys %$h) {
-			foreach my $path (sort @{$h->{$parent}}) {
-				push @out, "  $t: " .
-				           uri_encode("$parent/$path");
-				warn "W: $t: $parent/$path ",
-				     "Insufficient permissions?\n";
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	\@out;
-}
-
-# parse_svn_date(DATE)
-# --------------------
-# Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
-# "<TZ Offset> <local date/time>" that Git will use.
-#
-# By default the parsed date will be in UTC; if $Git::SVN::_localtime
-# is true we'll convert it to the local timezone instead.
-sub parse_svn_date {
-	my $date = shift || return '+0000 1970-01-01 00:00:00';
-	my ($Y,$m,$d,$H,$M,$S) = ($date =~ /^(\d{4})\-(\d\d)\-(\d\d)T
-	                                    (\d\d)\:(\d\d)\:(\d\d)\.\d*Z$/x) or
-	                                 croak "Unable to parse date: $date\n";
-	my $parsed_date;    # Set next.
-
-	if ($Git::SVN::_localtime) {
-		# Translate the Subversion datetime to an epoch time.
-		# Begin by switching ourselves to $date's timezone, UTC.
-		my $old_env_TZ = $ENV{TZ};
-		$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
-
-		my $epoch_in_UTC =
-		    POSIX::strftime('%s', $S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
-
-		# Determine our local timezone (including DST) at the
-		# time of $epoch_in_UTC.  $Git::SVN::Log::TZ stored the
-		# value of TZ, if any, at the time we were run.
-		if (defined $Git::SVN::Log::TZ) {
-			$ENV{TZ} = $Git::SVN::Log::TZ;
-		} else {
-			delete $ENV{TZ};
-		}
-
-		my $our_TZ =
-		    POSIX::strftime('%Z', $S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
-
-		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
-		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
-		    $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime($epoch_in_UTC);
-
-		$parsed_date = sprintf('%s %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d',
-				       $our_TZ, $year + 1900, $mon + 1,
-				       $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
-
-		# Reset us to the timezone in effect when we entered
-		# this routine.
-		if (defined $old_env_TZ) {
-			$ENV{TZ} = $old_env_TZ;
-		} else {
-			delete $ENV{TZ};
-		}
-	} else {
-		$parsed_date = "+0000 $Y-$m-$d $H:$M:$S";
-	}
-
-	return $parsed_date;
-}
-
-sub other_gs {
-	my ($self, $new_url, $url,
-	    $branch_from, $r, $old_ref_id) = @_;
-	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($new_url, $url, $branch_from);
-	unless ($gs) {
-		my $ref_id = $old_ref_id;
-		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+-*$//;
-		$ref_id .= "\@$r";
-		# just grow a tail if we're not unique enough :x
-		$ref_id .= '-' while find_ref($ref_id);
-		my ($u, $p, $repo_id) = ($new_url, '', $ref_id);
-		if ($u =~ s#^\Q$url\E(/|$)##) {
-			$p = $u;
-			$u = $url;
-			$repo_id = $self->{repo_id};
-		}
-		while (1) {
-			# It is possible to tag two different subdirectories at
-			# the same revision.  If the url for an existing ref
-			# does not match, we must either find a ref with a
-			# matching url or create a new ref by growing a tail.
-			$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
-			my (undef, $max_commit) = $gs->rev_map_max(1);
-			last if (!$max_commit);
-			my ($url) = ::cmt_metadata($max_commit);
-			last if ($url eq $gs->metadata_url);
-			$ref_id .= '-';
-		}
-		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-	}
-	$gs
-}
-
-sub call_authors_prog {
-	my ($orig_author) = @_;
-	$orig_author = command_oneline('rev-parse', '--sq-quote', $orig_author);
-	my $author = `$::_authors_prog $orig_author`;
-	if ($? != 0) {
-		die "$::_authors_prog failed with exit code $?\n"
-	}
-	if ($author =~ /^\s*(.+?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/) {
-		my ($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
-		$email = undef if length $2 == 0;
-		return [$name, $email];
-	} else {
-		die "Author: $orig_author: $::_authors_prog returned "
-			. "invalid author format: $author\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub check_author {
-	my ($author) = @_;
-	if (!defined $author || length $author == 0) {
-		$author = '(no author)';
-	}
-	if (!defined $::users{$author}) {
-		if (defined $::_authors_prog) {
-			$::users{$author} = call_authors_prog($author);
-		} elsif (defined $::_authors) {
-			die "Author: $author not defined in $::_authors file\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$author;
-}
-
-sub find_extra_svk_parents {
-	my ($self, $ed, $tickets, $parents) = @_;
-	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
-	my @tickets = split "\n", $tickets;
-	my @known_parents;
-	for my $ticket ( @tickets ) {
-		my ($uuid, $path, $rev) = split /:/, $ticket;
-		if ( $uuid eq $self->ra_uuid ) {
-			my $url = $self->{url};
-			my $repos_root = $url;
-			my $branch_from = $path;
-			$branch_from =~ s{^/}{};
-			my $gs = $self->other_gs($repos_root."/".$branch_from,
-			                         $url,
-			                         $branch_from,
-			                         $rev,
-			                         $self->{ref_id});
-			if ( my $commit = $gs->rev_map_get($rev, $uuid) ) {
-				# wahey!  we found it, but it might be
-				# an old one (!)
-				push @known_parents, [ $rev, $commit ];
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	# Ordering matters; highest-numbered commit merge tickets
-	# first, as they may account for later merge ticket additions
-	# or changes.
-	@known_parents = map {$_->[1]} sort {$b->[0] <=> $a->[0]} @known_parents;
-	for my $parent ( @known_parents ) {
-		my @cmd = ('rev-list', $parent, map { "^$_" } @$parents );
-		my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@cmd);
-		my $new;
-		while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
-			$new=1;last;
-		}
-		command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
-		if ( $new ) {
-			print STDERR
-			    "Found merge parent (svk:merge ticket): $parent\n";
-			push @$parents, $parent;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub lookup_svn_merge {
-	my $uuid = shift;
-	my $url = shift;
-	my $merge = shift;
-
-	my ($source, $revs) = split ":", $merge;
-	my $path = $source;
-	$path =~ s{^/}{};
-	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url.$source, $url, $path);
-	if ( !$gs ) {
-		warn "Couldn't find revmap for $url$source\n";
-		return;
-	}
-	my @ranges = split ",", $revs;
-	my ($tip, $tip_commit);
-	my @merged_commit_ranges;
-	# find the tip
-	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
-		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
-		$top ||= $bottom;
-		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
-		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
-
-		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
-			warn "W:unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
-				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
-			next;
-		}
-
-		if (scalar(command('rev-parse', "$bottom_commit^@"))) {
-			push @merged_commit_ranges,
-			     "$bottom_commit^..$top_commit";
-		} else {
-			push @merged_commit_ranges, "$top_commit";
-		}
-
-		if ( !defined $tip or $top > $tip ) {
-			$tip = $top;
-			$tip_commit = $top_commit;
-		}
-	}
-	return ($tip_commit, @merged_commit_ranges);
-}
-
-sub _rev_list {
-	my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(
-		"rev-list", @_,
-	       );
-	my @rv;
-	while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
-		chomp;
-		push @rv, $_;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
-	@rv;
-}
-
-sub check_cherry_pick {
-	my $base = shift;
-	my $tip = shift;
-	my $parents = shift;
-	my @ranges = @_;
-	my %commits = map { $_ => 1 }
-		_rev_list("--no-merges", $tip, "--not", $base, @$parents, "--");
-	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
-		delete @commits{_rev_list($range, "--")};
-	}
-	for my $commit (keys %commits) {
-		if (has_no_changes($commit)) {
-			delete $commits{$commit};
-		}
-	}
-	return (keys %commits);
-}
-
-sub has_no_changes {
-	my $commit = shift;
-
-	my @revs = split / /, command_oneline(
-		qw(rev-list --parents -1 -m), $commit);
-
-	# Commits with no parents, e.g. the start of a partial branch,
-	# have changes by definition.
-	return 1 if (@revs < 2);
-
-	# Commits with multiple parents, e.g a merge, have no changes
-	# by definition.
-	return 0 if (@revs > 2);
-
-	return (command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit^{tree}") eq
-		command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit~1^{tree}"));
-}
-
-# The GIT_DIR environment variable is not always set until after the command
-# line arguments are processed, so we can't memoize in a BEGIN block.
-{
-	my $memoized = 0;
-
-	sub memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
-		return if $memoized;
-		$memoized = 1;
-
-		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
-		mkpath([$cache_path]) unless -d $cache_path;
-
-		tie my %lookup_svn_merge_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
-		    "$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge.db", 'nstore';
-		memoize 'lookup_svn_merge',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%lookup_svn_merge_cache],
-		;
-
-		tie my %check_cherry_pick_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
-		    "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick.db", 'nstore';
-		memoize 'check_cherry_pick',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%check_cherry_pick_cache],
-		;
-
-		tie my %has_no_changes_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
-		    "$cache_path/has_no_changes.db", 'nstore';
-		memoize 'has_no_changes',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%has_no_changes_cache],
-			LIST_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-		;
-	}
-
-	sub unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
-		return if not $memoized;
-		$memoized = 0;
-
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'lookup_svn_merge';
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'check_cherry_pick';
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'has_no_changes';
-	}
-
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::SVN::repos_root';
-}
-
-END {
-	# Force cache writeout explicitly instead of waiting for
-	# global destruction to avoid segfault in Storable:
-	# http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=36087
-	unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
-}
-
-sub parents_exclude {
-	my $parents = shift;
-	my @commits = @_;
-	return unless @commits;
-
-	my @excluded;
-	my $excluded;
-	do {
-		my @cmd = ('rev-list', "-1", @commits, "--not", @$parents );
-		$excluded = command_oneline(@cmd);
-		if ( $excluded ) {
-			my @new;
-			my $found;
-			for my $commit ( @commits ) {
-				if ( $commit eq $excluded ) {
-					push @excluded, $commit;
-					$found++;
-					last;
-				}
-				else {
-					push @new, $commit;
-				}
-			}
-			die "saw commit '$excluded' in rev-list output, "
-				."but we didn't ask for that commit (wanted: @commits --not @$parents)"
-					unless $found;
-			@commits = @new;
-		}
-	}
-		while ($excluded and @commits);
-
-	return @excluded;
-}
-
-
-# note: this function should only be called if the various dirprops
-# have actually changed
-sub find_extra_svn_parents {
-	my ($self, $ed, $mergeinfo, $parents) = @_;
-	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
-
-	memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
-
-	# We first search for merged tips which are not in our
-	# history.  Then, we figure out which git revisions are in
-	# that tip, but not this revision.  If all of those revisions
-	# are now marked as merge, we can add the tip as a parent.
-	my @merges = split "\n", $mergeinfo;
-	my @merge_tips;
-	my $url = $self->{url};
-	my $uuid = $self->ra_uuid;
-	my %ranges;
-	for my $merge ( @merges ) {
-		my ($tip_commit, @ranges) =
-			lookup_svn_merge( $uuid, $url, $merge );
-		unless (!$tip_commit or
-				grep { $_ eq $tip_commit } @$parents ) {
-			push @merge_tips, $tip_commit;
-			$ranges{$tip_commit} = \@ranges;
-		} else {
-			push @merge_tips, undef;
-		}
-	}
-
-	my %excluded = map { $_ => 1 }
-		parents_exclude($parents, grep { defined } @merge_tips);
-
-	# check merge tips for new parents
-	my @new_parents;
-	for my $merge_tip ( @merge_tips ) {
-		my $spec = shift @merges;
-		next unless $merge_tip and $excluded{$merge_tip};
-
-		my $ranges = $ranges{$merge_tip};
-
-		# check out 'new' tips
-		my $merge_base;
-		eval {
-			$merge_base = command_oneline(
-				"merge-base",
-				@$parents, $merge_tip,
-			);
-		};
-		if ($@) {
-			die "An error occurred during merge-base"
-				unless $@->isa("Git::Error::Command");
-
-			warn "W: Cannot find common ancestor between ".
-			     "@$parents and $merge_tip. Ignoring merge info.\n";
-			next;
-		}
-
-		# double check that there are no missing non-merge commits
-		my (@incomplete) = check_cherry_pick(
-			$merge_base, $merge_tip,
-			$parents,
-			@$ranges,
-		       );
-
-		if ( @incomplete ) {
-			warn "W:svn cherry-pick ignored ($spec) - missing "
-				.@incomplete." commit(s) (eg $incomplete[0])\n";
-		} else {
-			warn
-				"Found merge parent (svn:mergeinfo prop): ",
-					$merge_tip, "\n";
-			push @new_parents, $merge_tip;
-		}
-	}
-
-	# cater for merges which merge commits from multiple branches
-	if ( @new_parents > 1 ) {
-		for ( my $i = 0; $i <= $#new_parents; $i++ ) {
-			for ( my $j = 0; $j <= $#new_parents; $j++ ) {
-				next if $i == $j;
-				next unless $new_parents[$i];
-				next unless $new_parents[$j];
-				my $revs = command_oneline(
-					"rev-list", "-1",
-					"$new_parents[$i]..$new_parents[$j]",
-				       );
-				if ( !$revs ) {
-					undef($new_parents[$j]);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	push @$parents, grep { defined } @new_parents;
-}
-
-sub make_log_entry {
-	my ($self, $rev, $parents, $ed) = @_;
-	my $untracked = $self->get_untracked($ed);
-
-	my @parents = @$parents;
-	my $ps = $ed->{path_strip} || "";
-	for my $path ( grep { m/$ps/ } %{$ed->{dir_prop}} ) {
-		my $props = $ed->{dir_prop}{$path};
-		if ( $props->{"svk:merge"} ) {
-			$self->find_extra_svk_parents
-				($ed, $props->{"svk:merge"}, \@parents);
-		}
-		if ( $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"} ) {
-			$self->find_extra_svn_parents
-				($ed,
-				 $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"},
-				 \@parents);
-		}
-	}
-
-	open my $un, '>>', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log" or croak $!;
-	print $un "r$rev\n" or croak $!;
-	print $un $_, "\n" foreach @$untracked;
-	my %log_entry = ( parents => \@parents, revision => $rev,
-	                  log => '');
-
-	my $headrev;
-	my $logged = delete $self->{logged_rev_props};
-	if (!$logged || $self->{-want_revprops}) {
-		my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist($rev);
-		foreach (sort keys %$rp) {
-			my $v = $rp->{$_};
-			if (/^svn:(author|date|log)$/) {
-				$log_entry{$1} = $v;
-			} elsif ($_ eq 'svm:headrev') {
-				$headrev = $v;
-			} else {
-				print $un "  rev_prop: ", uri_encode($_), ' ',
-					  uri_encode($v), "\n";
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		map { $log_entry{$_} = $logged->{$_} } keys %$logged;
-	}
-	close $un or croak $!;
-
-	$log_entry{date} = parse_svn_date($log_entry{date});
-	$log_entry{log} .= "\n";
-	my $author = $log_entry{author} = check_author($log_entry{author});
-	my ($name, $email) = defined $::users{$author} ? @{$::users{$author}}
-						       : ($author, undef);
-
-	my ($commit_name, $commit_email) = ($name, $email);
-	if ($_use_log_author) {
-		my $name_field;
-		if ($log_entry{log} =~ /From:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
-			$name_field = $1;
-		} elsif ($log_entry{log} =~ /Signed-off-by:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
-			$name_field = $1;
-		}
-		if (!defined $name_field) {
-			if (!defined $email) {
-				$email = $name;
-			}
-		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
-			($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
-		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*)@/) {
-			($name, $email) = ($1, $name_field);
-		} else {
-			($name, $email) = ($name_field, $name_field);
-		}
-	}
-	if (defined $headrev && $self->use_svm_props) {
-		if ($self->rewrite_root) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
-			    "options set!\n";
-		}
-		if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
-			    "options set!\n";
-		}
-		my ($uuid, $r) = $headrev =~ m{^([a-f\d\-]{30,}):(\d+)$}i;
-		# we don't want "SVM: initializing mirror for junk" ...
-		return undef if $r == 0;
-		my $svm = $self->svm;
-		if ($uuid ne $svm->{uuid}) {
-			die "UUID mismatch on SVM path:\n",
-			    "expected: $svm->{uuid}\n",
-			    "     got: $uuid\n";
-		}
-		my $full_url = $self->full_url;
-		$full_url =~ s#^\Q$svm->{replace}\E(/|$)#$svm->{source}$1# or
-		             die "Failed to replace '$svm->{replace}' with ",
-		                 "'$svm->{source}' in $full_url\n";
-		# throw away username for storing in records
-		remove_username($full_url);
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$r $uuid";
-		$log_entry{svm_revision} = $r;
-		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-	} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
-		my $full_url = $self->svnsync->{url};
-		$full_url .= "/$self->{path}" if length $self->{path};
-		remove_username($full_url);
-		my $uuid = $self->svnsync->{uuid};
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$rev $uuid";
-		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-	} else {
-		my $url = $self->metadata_url;
-		remove_username($url);
-		my $uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra->get_uuid;
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$url\@$rev " . $uuid;
-		$email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
-	}
-	$log_entry{name} = $name;
-	$log_entry{email} = $email;
-	$log_entry{commit_name} = $commit_name;
-	$log_entry{commit_email} = $commit_email;
-	\%log_entry;
-}
-
-sub fetch {
-	my ($self, $min_rev, $max_rev, @parents) = @_;
-	my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = $self->last_rev_commit;
-	my ($base, $head) = $self->get_fetch_range($min_rev, $max_rev);
-	$self->ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, [$self]);
-}
-
-sub set_tree_cb {
-	my ($self, $log_entry, $tree, $rev, $date, $author) = @_;
-	$self->{inject_parents} = { $rev => $tree };
-	$self->fetch(undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub set_tree {
-	my ($self, $tree) = (shift, shift);
-	my $log_entry = ::get_commit_entry($tree);
-	unless ($self->{last_rev}) {
-		::fatal("Must have an existing revision to commit");
-	}
-	my %ed_opts = ( r => $self->{last_rev},
-	                log => $log_entry->{log},
-	                ra => $self->ra,
-	                tree_a => $self->{last_commit},
-	                tree_b => $tree,
-	                editor_cb => sub {
-			       $self->set_tree_cb($log_entry, $tree, @_) },
-	                svn_path => $self->{path} );
-	if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
-		print "No changes\nr$self->{last_rev} = $tree\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rebuild_from_rev_db {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	my $r = -1;
-	open my $fh, '<', $path or croak "open: $!";
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		length($_) == 41 or croak "inconsistent size in ($_) != 41";
-		chomp($_);
-		++$r;
-		next if $_ eq ('0' x 40);
-		$self->rev_map_set($r, $_);
-		print "r$r = $_\n";
-	}
-	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-	unlink $path or croak "unlink: $!";
-}
-
-sub rebuild {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	my $partial = (-e $map_path && ! -z $map_path);
-	return unless ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
-	if (!$partial && ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata)) {
-		my $rev_db = $self->rev_db_path;
-		$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($rev_db);
-		if ($self->use_svm_props) {
-			my $svm_rev_db = $self->rev_db_path($self->svm_uuid);
-			$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($svm_rev_db);
-		}
-		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
-		return;
-	}
-	print "Rebuilding $map_path ...\n" if (!$partial);
-	my ($base_rev, $head) = ($partial ? $self->rev_map_max_norebuild(1) :
-		(undef, undef));
-	my ($log, $ctx) =
-	    command_output_pipe(qw/rev-list --pretty=raw --no-color --reverse/,
-				($head ? "$head.." : "") . $self->refname,
-				'--');
-	my $metadata_url = $self->metadata_url;
-	remove_username($metadata_url);
-	my $svn_uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra_uuid;
-	my $c;
-	while (<$log>) {
-		if ( m{^commit ($::sha1)$} ) {
-			$c = $1;
-			next;
-		}
-		next unless s{^\s*(git-svn-id:)}{$1};
-		my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = ::extract_metadata($_);
-		remove_username($url);
-
-		# ignore merges (from set-tree)
-		next if (!defined $rev || !$uuid);
-
-		# if we merged or otherwise started elsewhere, this is
-		# how we break out of it
-		if (($uuid ne $svn_uuid) ||
-		    ($metadata_url && $url && ($url ne $metadata_url))) {
-			next;
-		}
-		if ($partial && $head) {
-			print "Partial-rebuilding $map_path ...\n";
-			print "Currently at $base_rev = $head\n";
-			$head = undef;
-		}
-
-		$self->rev_map_set($rev, $c);
-		print "r$rev = $c\n";
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($log, $ctx);
-	print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
-	my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
-	if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
-		unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
-	}
-	$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
-}
-
-# rev_map:
-# Tie::File seems to be prone to offset errors if revisions get sparse,
-# it's not that fast, either.  Tie::File is also not in Perl 5.6.  So
-# one of my favorite modules is out :<  Next up would be one of the DBM
-# modules, but I'm not sure which is most portable...
-#
-# This is the replacement for the rev_db format, which was too big
-# and inefficient for large repositories with a lot of sparse history
-# (mainly tags)
-#
-# The format is this:
-#   - 24 bytes for every record,
-#     * 4 bytes for the integer representing an SVN revision number
-#     * 20 bytes representing the sha1 of a git commit
-#   - No empty padding records like the old format
-#     (except the last record, which can be overwritten)
-#   - new records are written append-only since SVN revision numbers
-#     increase monotonically
-#   - lookups on SVN revision number are done via a binary search
-#   - Piping the file to xxd -c24 is a good way of dumping it for
-#     viewing or editing (piped back through xxd -r), should the need
-#     ever arise.
-#   - The last record can be padding revision with an all-zero sha1
-#     This is used to optimize fetch performance when using multiple
-#     "fetch" directives in .git/config
-#
-# These files are disposable unless noMetadata or useSvmProps is set
-
-sub _rev_map_set {
-	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
-
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	my $wr_offset = 0;
-	if ($size > 0) {
-		sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-		my $read = sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) or croak "read: $!";
-		$read == 24 or croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
-		my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-		if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
-			if ($size >= 48) {
-				sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-				$read = sysread($fh, $buf, 24) or
-				    croak "read: $!";
-				$read == 24 or
-				    croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
-				($last_rev, $last_commit) =
-				    unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-				if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
-					croak "inconsistent .rev_map\n";
-				}
-			}
-			if ($last_rev >= $rev) {
-				croak "last_rev is higher!: $last_rev >= $rev";
-			}
-			$wr_offset = -24;
-		}
-	}
-	sysseek($fh, $wr_offset, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-	syswrite($fh, pack(rev_map_fmt, $rev, $commit), 24) == 24 or
-	  croak "write: $!";
-}
-
-sub _rev_map_reset {
-	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
-	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
-	$c eq $commit or die "_rev_map_reset(@_) commit $c does not match!\n";
-	my $offset = sysseek($fh, 0, SEEK_CUR) or croak "seek: $!";
-	truncate $fh, $offset or croak "truncate: $!";
-}
-
-sub mkfile {
-	my ($path) = @_;
-	unless (-e $path) {
-		my ($dir, $base) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
-		open my $fh, '>>', $path or die "Couldn't create $path: $!\n";
-		close $fh or die "Couldn't close (create) $path: $!\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rev_map_set {
-	my ($self, $rev, $commit, $update_ref, $uuid) = @_;
-	defined $commit or die "missing arg3\n";
-	length $commit == 40 or die "arg3 must be a full SHA1 hexsum\n";
-	my $db = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	my $db_lock = "$db.lock";
-	my $sig;
-	$update_ref ||= 0;
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		$SIG{INT} = $SIG{HUP} = $SIG{TERM} = $SIG{ALRM} = $SIG{PIPE} =
-		            $SIG{USR1} = $SIG{USR2} = sub { $sig = $_[0] };
-	}
-	mkfile($db);
-
-	$LOCKFILES{$db_lock} = 1;
-	my $sync;
-	# both of these options make our .rev_db file very, very important
-	# and we can't afford to lose it because rebuild() won't work
-	if ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata) {
-		$sync = 1;
-		copy($db, $db_lock) or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
-					   "Failed to copy: ",
-					   "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
-	} else {
-		rename $db, $db_lock or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
-					    "Failed to rename: ",
-					    "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
-	}
-
-	sysopen(my $fh, $db_lock, O_RDWR | O_CREAT)
-	     or croak "Couldn't open $db_lock: $!\n";
-	$update_ref eq 'reset' ? _rev_map_reset($fh, $rev, $commit) :
-				 _rev_map_set($fh, $rev, $commit);
-	if ($sync) {
-		$fh->flush or die "Couldn't flush $db_lock: $!\n";
-		$fh->sync or die "Couldn't sync $db_lock: $!\n";
-	}
-	close $fh or croak $!;
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		$_head = $self;
-		my $note = "";
-		$note = " ($update_ref)" if ($update_ref !~ /^\d*$/);
-		command_noisy('update-ref', '-m', "r$rev$note",
-		              $self->refname, $commit);
-	}
-	rename $db_lock, $db or die "rev_map_set(@_): ", "Failed to rename: ",
-	                            "$db_lock => $db ($!)\n";
-	delete $LOCKFILES{$db_lock};
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		$SIG{INT} = $SIG{HUP} = $SIG{TERM} = $SIG{ALRM} = $SIG{PIPE} =
-		            $SIG{USR1} = $SIG{USR2} = 'DEFAULT';
-		kill $sig, $$ if defined $sig;
-	}
-}
-
-# If want_commit, this will return an array of (rev, commit) where
-# commit _must_ be a valid commit in the archive.
-# Otherwise, it'll return the max revision (whether or not the
-# commit is valid or just a 0x40 placeholder).
-sub rev_map_max {
-	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
-	$self->rebuild;
-	my ($r, $c) = $self->rev_map_max_norebuild($want_commit);
-	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
-}
-
-sub rev_map_max_norebuild {
-	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	stat $map_path or return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	if ($size == 0) {
-		close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-		return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-	}
-
-	sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-	sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-	my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-	if ($want_commit && $c eq ('0' x40)) {
-		if ($size < 48) {
-			return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-		}
-		sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-		sysread($fh, $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-		($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-		if ($c eq ('0'x40)) {
-			croak "Penultimate record is all-zeroes in $map_path";
-		}
-	}
-	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
-}
-
-sub rev_map_get {
-	my ($self, $rev, $uuid) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	return undef unless -e $map_path;
-
-	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
-	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
-	close($fh) or croak "close: $!";
-	$c
-}
-
-sub _rev_map_get {
-	my ($fh, $rev) = @_;
-
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	if ($size == 0) {
-		return undef;
-	}
-
-	my ($l, $u) = (0, $size - 24);
-	my ($r, $c, $buf);
-
-	while ($l <= $u) {
-		my $i = int(($l/24 + $u/24) / 2) * 24;
-		sysseek($fh, $i, SEEK_SET) or croak "seek: $!";
-		sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-		my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-
-		if ($r < $rev) {
-			$l = $i + 24;
-		} elsif ($r > $rev) {
-			$u = $i - 24;
-		} else { # $r == $rev
-			return $c eq ('0' x 40) ? undef : $c;
-		}
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
-# before $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any lower
-# than $min_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
-# if found, else (undef, undef).
-sub find_rev_before {
-	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $min_rev) = @_;
-	--$rev unless $eq_ok;
-	$min_rev ||= 1;
-	my $max_rev = $self->rev_map_max;
-	$rev = $max_rev if ($rev > $max_rev);
-	while ($rev >= $min_rev) {
-		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-		--$rev;
-	}
-	return (undef, undef);
-}
-
-# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
-# after $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any higher
-# than $max_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
-# if found, else (undef, undef).
-sub find_rev_after {
-	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $max_rev) = @_;
-	++$rev unless $eq_ok;
-	$max_rev ||= $self->rev_map_max;
-	while ($rev <= $max_rev) {
-		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-		++$rev;
-	}
-	return (undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub _new {
-	my ($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path) = @_;
-	unless (defined $repo_id && length $repo_id) {
-		$repo_id = $Git::SVN::default_repo_id;
-	}
-	unless (defined $ref_id && length $ref_id) {
-		$_prefix = '' unless defined($_prefix);
-		$_[2] = $ref_id =
-		             "refs/remotes/$_prefix$Git::SVN::default_ref_id";
-	}
-	$_[1] = $repo_id;
-	my $dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$ref_id";
-
-	# Older repos imported by us used $GIT_DIR/svn/foo instead of
-	# $GIT_DIR/svn/refs/remotes/foo when tracking refs/remotes/foo
-	if ($ref_id =~ m{^refs/remotes/(.*)}) {
-		my $old_dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$1";
-		if (-d $old_dir && ! -d $dir) {
-			$dir = $old_dir;
-		}
-	}
-
-	$_[3] = $path = '' unless (defined $path);
-	mkpath([$dir]);
-	bless {
-		ref_id => $ref_id, dir => $dir, index => "$dir/index",
-	        path => $path, config => "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config",
-	        map_root => "$dir/.rev_map", repo_id => $repo_id }, $class;
-}
-
-# for read-only access of old .rev_db formats
-sub unlink_rev_db_symlink {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $link = $self->rev_db_path;
-	$link =~ s/\.[\w-]+$// or croak "missing UUID at the end of $link";
-	if (-l $link) {
-		unlink $link or croak "unlink: $link failed!";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rev_db_path {
-	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
-	my $db_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	$db_path =~ s{/\.rev_map\.}{/\.rev_db\.}
-	    or croak "map_path: $db_path does not contain '/.rev_map.' !";
-	$db_path;
-}
-
-# the new replacement for .rev_db
-sub map_path {
-	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
-	$uuid ||= $self->ra_uuid;
-	"$self->{map_root}.$uuid";
-}
-
-sub uri_encode {
-	my ($f) = @_;
-	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))#eg;
-	$f
-}
-
-sub uri_decode {
-	my ($f) = @_;
-	$f =~ s#%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})#chr(hex($1))#eg;
-	$f
-}
-
-sub remove_username {
-	$_[0] =~ s{^([^:]*://)[^@]+@}{$1};
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Prompt;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-require SVN::Core;
-use vars qw/$_no_auth_cache $_username/;
-
-sub simple {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $default_username, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	$default_username = $_username if defined $_username;
-	if (defined $default_username && length $default_username) {
-		if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
-			print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
-			STDERR->flush;
-		}
-		$cred->username($default_username);
-	} else {
-		username($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool);
-	}
-	$cred->password(_read_password("Password for '" .
-	                               $cred->username . "': ", $realm));
-	$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub ssl_server_trust {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $failures, $cert_info, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	print STDERR "Error validating server certificate for '$realm':\n";
-	{
-		no warnings 'once';
-		# All variables SVN::Auth::SSL::* are used only once,
-		# so we're shutting up Perl warnings about this.
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::UNKNOWNCA) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate is not issued ",
-			    "by a trusted authority. Use the\n",
-			    "   fingerprint to validate ",
-			    "the certificate manually!\n";
-		}
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::CNMISMATCH) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate hostname ",
-			    "does not match.\n";
-		}
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::NOTYETVALID) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate is not yet valid.\n";
-		}
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::EXPIRED) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate has expired.\n";
-		}
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::OTHER) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate has ",
-			    "an unknown error.\n";
-		}
-	} # no warnings 'once'
-	printf STDERR
-	        "Certificate information:\n".
-	        " - Hostname: %s\n".
-	        " - Valid: from %s until %s\n".
-	        " - Issuer: %s\n".
-	        " - Fingerprint: %s\n",
-	        map $cert_info->$_, qw(hostname valid_from valid_until
-	                               issuer_dname fingerprint);
-	my $choice;
-prompt:
-	print STDERR $may_save ?
-	      "(R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? " :
-	      "(R)eject or accept (t)emporarily? ";
-	STDERR->flush;
-	$choice = lc(substr(<STDIN> || 'R', 0, 1));
-	if ($choice =~ /^t$/i) {
-		$cred->may_save(undef);
-	} elsif ($choice =~ /^r$/i) {
-		return -1;
-	} elsif ($may_save && $choice =~ /^p$/i) {
-		$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	} else {
-		goto prompt;
-	}
-	$cred->accepted_failures($failures);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub ssl_client_cert {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	print STDERR "Client certificate filename: ";
-	STDERR->flush;
-	chomp(my $filename = <STDIN>);
-	$cred->cert_file($filename);
-	$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub ssl_client_cert_pw {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	$cred->password(_read_password("Password: ", $realm));
-	$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub username {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
-		print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
-	}
-	my $username;
-	if (defined $_username) {
-		$username = $_username;
-	} else {
-		print STDERR "Username: ";
-		STDERR->flush;
-		chomp($username = <STDIN>);
-	}
-	$cred->username($username);
-	$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub _read_password {
-	my ($prompt, $realm) = @_;
-	my $password = '';
-	if (exists $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}) {
-		open(PH, "-|", $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}, $prompt);
-		$password = <PH>;
-		$password =~ s/[\012\015]//; # \n\r
-		close(PH);
-	} else {
-		print STDERR $prompt;
-		STDERR->flush;
-		require Term::ReadKey;
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
-		while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
-			last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
-			$password .= $key;
-		}
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		STDERR->flush;
-	}
-	$password;
-}
-
-package SVN::Git::Fetcher;
-use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs $_placeholder_filename
-            @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder $repo_id/;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use File::Basename qw/dirname/;
-use IO::File qw//;
-
-# file baton members: path, mode_a, mode_b, pool, fh, blob, base
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
-	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new;
-	bless $self, $class;
-	if (exists $git_svn->{last_commit}) {
-		$self->{c} = $git_svn->{last_commit};
-		$self->{empty_symlinks} =
-		                  _mark_empty_symlinks($git_svn, $switch_path);
-	}
-
-	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
-	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
-	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
-	$repo_id = $git_svn->{repo_id};
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.ignore-paths";
-	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
-	$self->{ignore_regex} = $v;
-
-	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.preserve-empty-dirs";
-	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', '--bool', $k) };
-	if ($v && $v eq 'true') {
-		$_preserve_empty_dirs = 1;
-		$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.placeholder-filename";
-		$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
-		$_placeholder_filename = $v;
-	}
-
-	# Load the list of placeholder files added during previous invocations.
-	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.added-placeholder";
-	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get-all', $k) };
-	if ($_preserve_empty_dirs && $v) {
-		# command() prints errors to stderr, so we only call it if
-		# command_oneline() succeeded.
-		my @v = command('config', '--get-all', $k);
-		$added_placeholder{ dirname($_) } = $_ foreach @v;
-	}
-
-	$self->{empty} = {};
-	$self->{dir_prop} = {};
-	$self->{file_prop} = {};
-	$self->{absent_dir} = {};
-	$self->{absent_file} = {};
-	$self->{gii} = $git_svn->tmp_index_do(sub { Git::IndexInfo->new });
-	$self->{pathnameencoding} = Git::config('svn.pathnameencoding');
-	$self;
-}
-
-# this uses the Ra object, so it must be called before do_{switch,update},
-# not inside them (when the Git::SVN::Fetcher object is passed) to
-# do_{switch,update}
-sub _mark_empty_symlinks {
-	my ($git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
-	my $bool = Git::config_bool('svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround');
-	return {} if (!defined($bool)) || (defined($bool) && ! $bool);
-
-	my %ret;
-	my ($rev, $cmt) = $git_svn->last_rev_commit;
-	return {} unless ($rev && $cmt);
-
-	# allow the warning to be printed for each revision we fetch to
-	# ensure the user sees it.  The user can also disable the workaround
-	# on the repository even while git svn is running and the next
-	# revision fetched will skip this expensive function.
-	my $printed_warning;
-	chomp(my $empty_blob = `git hash-object -t blob --stdin < /dev/null`);
-	my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree -r -z/, $cmt);
-	local $/ = "\0";
-	my $pfx = defined($switch_path) ? $switch_path : $git_svn->{path};
-	$pfx .= '/' if length($pfx);
-	while (<$ls>) {
-		chomp;
-		s/\A100644 blob $empty_blob\t//o or next;
-		unless ($printed_warning) {
-			print STDERR "Scanning for empty symlinks, ",
-			             "this may take a while if you have ",
-				     "many empty files\n",
-				     "You may disable this with `",
-				     "git config svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround ",
-				     "false'.\n",
-				     "This may be done in a different ",
-				     "terminal without restarting ",
-				     "git svn\n";
-			$printed_warning = 1;
-		}
-		my $path = $_;
-		my (undef, $props) =
-		               $git_svn->ra->get_file($pfx.$path, $rev, undef);
-		if ($props->{'svn:special'}) {
-			$ret{$path} = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
-	\%ret;
-}
-
-# returns true if a given path is inside a ".git" directory
-sub in_dot_git {
-	$_[0] =~ m{(?:^|/)\.git(?:/|$)};
-}
-
-# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
-sub is_path_ignored {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	return 1 if in_dot_git($path);
-	return 1 if defined($self->{ignore_regex}) &&
-	            $path =~ m!$self->{ignore_regex}!;
-	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_regex);
-	return 1 if $path =~ m!$_ignore_regex!o;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub set_path_strip {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	$self->{path_strip} = qr/^\Q$path\E(\/|$)/ if length $path;
-}
-
-sub open_root {
-	{ path => '' };
-}
-
-sub open_directory {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
-	{ path => $path };
-}
-
-sub git_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if (my $enc = $self->{pathnameencoding}) {
-		require Encode;
-		Encode::from_to($path, 'UTF-8', $enc);
-	}
-	if ($self->{path_strip}) {
-		$path =~ s!$self->{path_strip}!! or
-		  die "Failed to strip path '$path' ($self->{path_strip})\n";
-	}
-	$path;
-}
-
-sub delete_entry {
-	my ($self, $path, $rev, $pb) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-
-	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
-	return undef if ($gpath eq '');
-
-	# remove entire directories.
-	my ($tree) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
-	                 =~ /\A040000 tree ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
-	if ($tree) {
-		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
-		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
-				                     $tree);
-		local $/ = "\0";
-		while (<$ls>) {
-			chomp;
-			my $rmpath = "$gpath/$_";
-			$self->{gii}->remove($rmpath);
-			print "\tD\t$rmpath\n" unless $::_q;
-		}
-		print "\tD\t$gpath/\n" unless $::_q;
-		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
-	} else {
-		$self->{gii}->remove($gpath);
-		print "\tD\t$gpath\n" unless $::_q;
-	}
-	# Don't add to @deleted_gpath if we're deleting a placeholder file.
-	push @deleted_gpath, $gpath unless $added_placeholder{dirname($path)};
-	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub open_file {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
-	my ($mode, $blob);
-
-	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-
-	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
-	($mode, $blob) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
-	                     =~ /\A(\d{6}) blob ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
-	unless (defined $mode && defined $blob) {
-		die "$path was not found in commit $self->{c} (r$rev)\n";
-	}
-	if ($mode eq '100644' && $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$path}) {
-		$mode = '120000';
-	}
-out:
-	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode, blob => $blob,
-	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'M' };
-}
-
-sub add_file {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
-	my $mode;
-
-	if (!$self->is_path_ignored($path)) {
-		my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-		delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
-		$mode = '100644';
-
-		if ($added_placeholder{$dir}) {
-			# Remove our placeholder file, if we created one.
-			delete_entry($self, $added_placeholder{$dir})
-				unless $path eq $added_placeholder{$dir};
-			delete $added_placeholder{$dir}
-		}
-	}
-
-	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode,
-	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'A' };
-}
-
-sub add_directory {
-	my ($self, $path, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
-	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
-	if ($gpath eq '') {
-		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
-		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
-				                     $self->{c});
-		local $/ = "\0";
-		while (<$ls>) {
-			chomp;
-			$self->{gii}->remove($_);
-			print "\tD\t$_\n" unless $::_q;
-			push @deleted_gpath, $gpath;
-		}
-		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
-		$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
-	}
-	my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
-	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 1;
-
-	if ($added_placeholder{$dir}) {
-		# Remove our placeholder file, if we created one.
-		delete_entry($self, $added_placeholder{$dir});
-		delete $added_placeholder{$dir}
-	}
-
-out:
-	{ path => $path };
-}
-
-sub change_dir_prop {
-	my ($self, $db, $prop, $value) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($db->{path});
-	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}} ||= {};
-	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub absent_directory {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-	$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
-	push @{$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub absent_file {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-	$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
-	push @{$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub change_file_prop {
-	my ($self, $fb, $prop, $value) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
-	if ($prop eq 'svn:executable') {
-		if ($fb->{mode_b} != 120000) {
-			$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 100755 : 100644;
-		}
-	} elsif ($prop eq 'svn:special') {
-		$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 120000 : 100644;
-	} else {
-		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}} ||= {};
-		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub apply_textdelta {
-	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
-	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire('svn_delta');
-	# $fh gets auto-closed() by SVN::TxDelta::apply(),
-	# (but $base does not,) so dup() it for reading in close_file
-	open my $dup, '<&', $fh or croak $!;
-	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire('git_blob');
-
-	if ($fb->{blob}) {
-		my ($base_is_link, $size);
-
-		if ($fb->{mode_a} eq '120000' &&
-		    ! $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$fb->{path}}) {
-			print $base 'link ' or die "print $!\n";
-			$base_is_link = 1;
-		}
-	retry:
-		$size = $::_repository->cat_blob($fb->{blob}, $base);
-		die "Failed to read object $fb->{blob}" if ($size < 0);
-
-		if (defined $exp) {
-			seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
-			my $got = ::md5sum($base);
-			if ($got ne $exp) {
-				my $err = "Checksum mismatch: ".
-				       "$fb->{path} $fb->{blob}\n" .
-				       "expected: $exp\n" .
-				       "     got: $got\n";
-				if ($base_is_link) {
-					warn $err,
-					     "Retrying... (possibly ",
-					     "a bad symlink from SVN)\n";
-					$::_repository->temp_reset($base);
-					$base_is_link = 0;
-					goto retry;
-				}
-				die $err;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
-	$fb->{fh} = $fh;
-	$fb->{base} = $base;
-	[ SVN::TxDelta::apply($base, $dup, undef, $fb->{path}, $fb->{pool}) ];
-}
-
-sub close_file {
-	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
-
-	my $hash;
-	my $path = $self->git_path($fb->{path});
-	if (my $fh = $fb->{fh}) {
-		if (defined $exp) {
-			seek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
-			my $got = ::md5sum($fh);
-			if ($got ne $exp) {
-				die "Checksum mismatch: $path\n",
-				    "expected: $exp\n    got: $got\n";
-			}
-		}
-		if ($fb->{mode_b} == 120000) {
-			sysseek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
-			my $rd = sysread($fh, my $buf, 5);
-
-			if (!defined $rd) {
-				croak "sysread: $!\n";
-			} elsif ($rd == 0) {
-				warn "$path has mode 120000",
-				     " but it points to nothing\n",
-				     "converting to an empty file with mode",
-				     " 100644\n";
-				$fb->{mode_b} = '100644';
-			} elsif ($buf ne 'link ') {
-				warn "$path has mode 120000",
-				     " but is not a link\n";
-			} else {
-				my $tmp_fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire(
-					'svn_hash');
-				my $res;
-				while ($res = sysread($fh, my $str, 1024)) {
-					my $out = syswrite($tmp_fh, $str, $res);
-					defined($out) && $out == $res
-						or croak("write ",
-							Git::temp_path($tmp_fh),
-							": $!\n");
-				}
-				defined $res or croak $!;
-
-				($fh, $tmp_fh) = ($tmp_fh, $fh);
-				Git::temp_release($tmp_fh, 1);
-			}
-		}
-
-		$hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(
-				Git::temp_path($fh));
-		$hash =~ /^[a-f\d]{40}$/ or die "not a sha1: $hash\n";
-
-		Git::temp_release($fb->{base}, 1);
-		Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
-	} else {
-		$hash = $fb->{blob} or die "no blob information\n";
-	}
-	$fb->{pool}->clear;
-	$self->{gii}->update($fb->{mode_b}, $hash, $path) or croak $!;
-	print "\t$fb->{action}\t$path\n" if $fb->{action} && ! $::_q;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub abort_edit {
-	my $self = shift;
-	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
-	delete $self->{gii};
-	$self->SUPER::abort_edit(@_);
-}
-
-sub close_edit {
-	my $self = shift;
-
-	if ($_preserve_empty_dirs) {
-		my @empty_dirs;
-
-		# Any entry flagged as empty that also has an associated
-		# dir_prop represents a newly created empty directory.
-		foreach my $i (keys %{$self->{empty}}) {
-			push @empty_dirs, $i if exists $self->{dir_prop}->{$i};
-		}
-
-		# Search for directories that have become empty due subsequent
-		# file deletes.
-		push @empty_dirs, $self->find_empty_directories();
-
-		# Finally, add a placeholder file to each empty directory.
-		$self->add_placeholder_file($_) foreach (@empty_dirs);
-
-		$self->stash_placeholder_list();
-	}
-
-	$self->{git_commit_ok} = 1;
-	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
-	delete $self->{gii};
-	$self->SUPER::close_edit(@_);
-}
-
-sub find_empty_directories {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my @empty_dirs;
-	my %dirs = map { dirname($_) => 1 } @deleted_gpath;
-
-	foreach my $dir (sort keys %dirs) {
-		next if $dir eq ".";
-
-		# If there have been any additions to this directory, there is
-		# no reason to check if it is empty.
-		my $skip_added = 0;
-		foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
-			foreach my $path (keys %{ $self->{$t} }) {
-				if (exists $self->{$t}->{dirname($path)}) {
-					$skip_added = 1;
-					last;
-				}
-			}
-			last if $skip_added;
-		}
-		next if $skip_added;
-
-		# Use `git ls-tree` to get the filenames of this directory
-		# that existed prior to this particular commit.
-		my $ls = command('ls-tree', '-z', '--name-only',
-				 $self->{c}, "$dir/");
-		my %files = map { $_ => 1 } split(/\0/, $ls);
-
-		# Remove the filenames that were deleted during this commit.
-		delete $files{$_} foreach (@deleted_gpath);
-
-		# Report the directory if there are no filenames left.
-		push @empty_dirs, $dir unless (scalar %files);
-	}
-	@empty_dirs;
-}
-
-sub add_placeholder_file {
-	my ($self, $dir) = @_;
-	my $path = "$dir/$_placeholder_filename";
-	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
-
-	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire($gpath);
-	my $hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(Git::temp_path($fh));
-	Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
-	$self->{gii}->update('100644', $hash, $gpath) or croak $!;
-
-	# The directory should no longer be considered empty.
-	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir} if exists $self->{empty}->{$dir};
-
-	# Keep track of any placeholder files we create.
-	$added_placeholder{$dir} = $path;
-}
-
-sub stash_placeholder_list {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.added-placeholder";
-	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get-all', $k) };
-	command_noisy('config', '--unset-all', $k) if $v;
-	foreach (values %added_placeholder) {
-		command_noisy('config', '--add', $k, $_);
-	}
-}
-
-package SVN::Git::Editor;
-use vars qw/@ISA $_rmdir $_cp_similarity $_find_copies_harder $_rename_limit/;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use IO::File;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $opts) = @_;
-	foreach (qw/svn_path r ra tree_a tree_b log editor_cb/) {
-		die "$_ required!\n" unless (defined $opts->{$_});
-	}
-
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	my $mods = generate_diff($opts->{tree_a}, $opts->{tree_b});
-	my $types = check_diff_paths($opts->{ra}, $opts->{svn_path},
-	                             $opts->{r}, $mods);
-
-	# $opts->{ra} functions should not be used after this:
-	my @ce  = $opts->{ra}->get_commit_editor($opts->{log},
-	                                        $opts->{editor_cb}, $pool);
-	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new(@ce, $pool);
-	bless $self, $class;
-	foreach (qw/svn_path r tree_a tree_b/) {
-		$self->{$_} = $opts->{$_};
-	}
-	$self->{url} = $opts->{ra}->{url};
-	$self->{mods} = $mods;
-	$self->{types} = $types;
-	$self->{pool} = $pool;
-	$self->{bat} = { '' => $self->open_root($self->{r}, $self->{pool}) };
-	$self->{rm} = { };
-	$self->{path_prefix} = length $self->{svn_path} ?
-	                       "$self->{svn_path}/" : '';
-	$self->{config} = $opts->{config};
-	$self->{mergeinfo} = $opts->{mergeinfo};
-	return $self;
-}
-
-sub generate_diff {
-	my ($tree_a, $tree_b) = @_;
-	my @diff_tree = qw(diff-tree -z -r);
-	if ($_cp_similarity) {
-		push @diff_tree, "-C$_cp_similarity";
-	} else {
-		push @diff_tree, '-C';
-	}
-	push @diff_tree, '--find-copies-harder' if $_find_copies_harder;
-	push @diff_tree, "-l$_rename_limit" if defined $_rename_limit;
-	push @diff_tree, $tree_a, $tree_b;
-	my ($diff_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@diff_tree);
-	local $/ = "\0";
-	my $state = 'meta';
-	my @mods;
-	while (<$diff_fh>) {
-		chomp $_; # this gets rid of the trailing "\0"
-		if ($state eq 'meta' && /^:(\d{6})\s(\d{6})\s
-					($::sha1)\s($::sha1)\s
-					([MTCRAD])\d*$/xo) {
-			push @mods, {	mode_a => $1, mode_b => $2,
-					sha1_a => $3, sha1_b => $4,
-					chg => $5 };
-			if ($5 =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
-				$state = 'file_a';
-			} else {
-				$state = 'file_b';
-			}
-		} elsif ($state eq 'file_a') {
-			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
-			if ($x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
-				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
-			}
-			$x->{file_a} = $_;
-			$state = 'file_b';
-		} elsif ($state eq 'file_b') {
-			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
-			if (exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
-				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
-			}
-			if (!exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
-				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
-			}
-			$x->{file_b} = $_;
-			$state = 'meta';
-		} else {
-			croak "Error parsing $_\n";
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($diff_fh, $ctx);
-	\@mods;
-}
-
-sub check_diff_paths {
-	my ($ra, $pfx, $rev, $mods) = @_;
-	my %types;
-	$pfx .= '/' if length $pfx;
-
-	sub type_diff_paths {
-		my ($ra, $types, $path, $rev) = @_;
-		my @p = split m#/+#, $path;
-		my $c = shift @p;
-		unless (defined $types->{$c}) {
-			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
-		}
-		while (@p) {
-			$c .= '/' . shift @p;
-			next if defined $types->{$c};
-			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
-		}
-	}
-
-	foreach my $m (@$mods) {
-		foreach my $f (qw/file_a file_b/) {
-			next unless defined $m->{$f};
-			my ($dir) = ($m->{$f} =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
-			if (length $pfx.$dir && ! defined $types{$dir}) {
-				type_diff_paths($ra, \%types, $pfx.$dir, $rev);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	\%types;
-}
-
-sub split_path {
-	return ($_[0] =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-}
-
-sub repo_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if (my $enc = $self->{pathnameencoding}) {
-		require Encode;
-		Encode::from_to($path, $enc, 'UTF-8');
-	}
-	$self->{path_prefix}.(defined $path ? $path : '');
-}
-
-sub url_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if ($self->{url} =~ m#^https?://#) {
-		$path =~ s!([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./-])!uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))!eg;
-	}
-	$self->{url} . '/' . $self->repo_path($path);
-}
-
-sub rmdirs {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $rm = $self->{rm};
-	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
-	return unless %$rm;
-
-	foreach (keys %$rm) {
-		my @d = split m#/#, $_;
-		my $c = shift @d;
-		$rm->{$c} = 1;
-		while (@d) {
-			$c .= '/' . shift @d;
-			$rm->{$c} = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	delete $rm->{$self->{svn_path}};
-	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
-	return unless %$rm;
-
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree --name-only -r -z/,
-	                                     $self->{tree_b});
-	local $/ = "\0";
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		chomp;
-		my @dn = split m#/#, $_;
-		while (pop @dn) {
-			delete $rm->{join '/', @dn};
-		}
-		unless (%$rm) {
-			close $fh;
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-
-	my ($r, $p, $bat) = ($self->{r}, $self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
-	foreach my $d (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$rm) {
-		$self->close_directory($bat->{$d}, $p);
-		my ($dn) = ($d =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
-		print "\tD+\t$d/\n" unless $::_q;
-		$self->SUPER::delete_entry($d, $r, $bat->{$dn}, $p);
-		delete $bat->{$d};
-	}
-}
-
-sub open_or_add_dir {
-	my ($self, $full_path, $baton) = @_;
-	my $t = $self->{types}->{$full_path};
-	if (!defined $t) {
-		die "$full_path not known in r$self->{r} or we have a bug!\n";
-	}
-	{
-		no warnings 'once';
-		# SVN::Node::none and SVN::Node::file are used only once,
-		# so we're shutting up Perl's warnings about them.
-		if ($t == $SVN::Node::none) {
-			return $self->add_directory($full_path, $baton,
-			    undef, -1, $self->{pool});
-		} elsif ($t == $SVN::Node::dir) {
-			return $self->open_directory($full_path, $baton,
-			    $self->{r}, $self->{pool});
-		} # no warnings 'once'
-		print STDERR "$full_path already exists in repository at ",
-		    "r$self->{r} and it is not a directory (",
-		    ($t == $SVN::Node::file ? 'file' : 'unknown'),"/$t)\n";
-	} # no warnings 'once'
-	exit 1;
-}
-
-sub ensure_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	my $bat = $self->{bat};
-	my $repo_path = $self->repo_path($path);
-	return $bat->{''} unless (length $repo_path);
-	my @p = split m#/+#, $repo_path;
-	my $c = shift @p;
-	$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{''});
-	while (@p) {
-		my $c0 = $c;
-		$c .= '/' . shift @p;
-		$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{$c0});
-	}
-	return $bat->{$c};
-}
-
-# Subroutine to convert a globbing pattern to a regular expression.
-# From perl cookbook.
-sub glob2pat {
-	my $globstr = shift;
-	my %patmap = ('*' => '.*', '?' => '.', '[' => '[', ']' => ']');
-	$globstr =~ s{(.)} { $patmap{$1} || "\Q$1" }ge;
-	return '^' . $globstr . '$';
-}
-
-sub check_autoprop {
-	my ($self, $pattern, $properties, $file, $fbat) = @_;
-	# Convert the globbing pattern to a regular expression.
-	my $regex = glob2pat($pattern);
-	# Check if the pattern matches the file name.
-	if($file =~ m/($regex)/) {
-		# Parse the list of properties to set.
-		my @props = split(/;/, $properties);
-		foreach my $prop (@props) {
-			# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
-			if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
-				my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
-				for ($n, $v) {
-					s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//;
-				}
-				$self->change_file_prop($fbat, $n, $v);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub apply_autoprops {
-	my ($self, $file, $fbat) = @_;
-	my $conf_t = ${$self->{config}}{'config'};
-	no warnings 'once';
-	# Check [miscellany]/enable-auto-props in svn configuration.
-	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool(
-		$conf_t,
-		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_MISCELLANY,
-		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_ENABLE_AUTO_PROPS,
-		0)) {
-		# Auto-props are enabled.  Enumerate them to look for matches.
-		my $callback = sub {
-			$self->check_autoprop($_[0], $_[1], $file, $fbat);
-		};
-		SVN::_Core::svn_config_enumerate(
-			$conf_t,
-			$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTO_PROPS,
-			$callback);
-	}
-}
-
-sub A {
-	my ($self, $m) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
-	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
-					undef, -1);
-	print "\tA\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
-	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
-	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub C {
-	my ($self, $m) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
-	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
-				$self->url_path($m->{file_a}), $self->{r});
-	print "\tC\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
-	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub delete_entry {
-	my ($self, $path, $pbat) = @_;
-	my $rpath = $self->repo_path($path);
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($rpath);
-	$self->{rm}->{$dir} = 1;
-	$self->SUPER::delete_entry($rpath, $self->{r}, $pbat, $self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub R {
-	my ($self, $m) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
-	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
-				$self->url_path($m->{file_a}), $self->{r});
-	print "\tR\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
-	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
-	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
-
-	($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_a});
-	$pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
-	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_a}, $pbat);
-}
-
-sub M {
-	my ($self, $m) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
-	my $fbat = $self->open_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}),
-				$pbat,$self->{r},$self->{pool});
-	print "\t$m->{chg}\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
-	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub T { shift->M(@_) }
-
-sub change_file_prop {
-	my ($self, $fbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
-	$self->SUPER::change_file_prop($fbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub change_dir_prop {
-	my ($self, $pbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
-	$self->SUPER::change_dir_prop($pbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub _chg_file_get_blob ($$$$) {
-	my ($self, $fbat, $m, $which) = @_;
-	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_$which");
-	if ($m->{"mode_$which"} =~ /^120/) {
-		print $fh 'link ' or croak $!;
-		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special','*');
-	} elsif ($m->{mode_a} =~ /^120/ && $m->{"mode_$which"} !~ /^120/) {
-		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special',undef);
-	}
-	my $blob = $m->{"sha1_$which"};
-	return ($fh,) if ($blob =~ /^0{40}$/);
-	my $size = $::_repository->cat_blob($blob, $fh);
-	croak "Failed to read object $blob" if ($size < 0);
-	$fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
-	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
-
-	my $exp = ::md5sum($fh);
-	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
-	return ($fh, $exp);
-}
-
-sub chg_file {
-	my ($self, $fbat, $m) = @_;
-	if ($m->{mode_b} =~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} !~ /755$/) {
-		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable','*');
-	} elsif ($m->{mode_b} !~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} =~ /755$/) {
-		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable',undef);
-	}
-	my ($fh_a, $exp_a) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'a';
-	my ($fh_b, $exp_b) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'b';
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	my $atd = $self->apply_textdelta($fbat, $exp_a, $pool);
-	if (-s $fh_a) {
-		my $txstream = SVN::TxDelta::new ($fh_a, $fh_b, $pool);
-		my $res = SVN::TxDelta::send_txstream($txstream, @$atd, $pool);
-		if (defined $res) {
-			die "Unexpected result from send_txstream: $res\n",
-			    "(SVN::Core::VERSION: $SVN::Core::VERSION)\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		my $got = SVN::TxDelta::send_stream($fh_b, @$atd, $pool);
-		die "Checksum mismatch\nexpected: $exp_b\ngot: $got\n"
-		    if ($got ne $exp_b);
-	}
-	Git::temp_release($fh_b, 1);
-	Git::temp_release($fh_a, 1);
-	$pool->clear;
-}
-
-sub D {
-	my ($self, $m) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
-	print "\tD\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_b}, $pbat);
-}
-
-sub close_edit {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my ($p,$bat) = ($self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
-	foreach (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$bat) {
-		next if $_ eq '';
-		$self->close_directory($bat->{$_}, $p);
-	}
-	$self->close_directory($bat->{''}, $p);
-	$self->SUPER::close_edit($p);
-	$p->clear;
-}
-
-sub abort_edit {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	$self->SUPER::abort_edit($self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub DESTROY {
-	my $self = shift;
-	$self->SUPER::DESTROY(@_);
-	$self->{pool}->clear;
-}
-
-# this drives the editor
-sub apply_diff {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $mods = $self->{mods};
-	my %o = ( D => 1, R => 0, C => -1, A => 3, M => 3, T => 3 );
-	foreach my $m (sort { $o{$a->{chg}} <=> $o{$b->{chg}} } @$mods) {
-		my $f = $m->{chg};
-		if (defined $o{$f}) {
-			$self->$f($m);
-		} else {
-			fatal("Invalid change type: $f");
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
-		$self->change_dir_prop($self->{bat}{''}, "svn:mergeinfo",
-			               $self->{mergeinfo});
-	}
-	$self->rmdirs if $_rmdir;
-	if (@$mods == 0 && !defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
-		$self->abort_edit;
-	} else {
-		$self->close_edit;
-	}
-	return scalar @$mods;
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Ra;
-use vars qw/@ISA $config_dir $_ignore_refs_regex $_log_window_size/;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-my ($ra_invalid, $can_do_switch, %ignored_err, $RA);
-
-BEGIN {
-	# enforce temporary pool usage for some simple functions
-	no strict 'refs';
-	for my $f (qw/rev_proplist get_latest_revnum get_uuid get_repos_root
-	              get_file/) {
-		my $SUPER = "SUPER::$f";
-		*$f = sub {
-			my $self = shift;
-			my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-			my @ret = $self->$SUPER(@_,$pool);
-			$pool->clear;
-			wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
-		};
-	}
-}
-
-sub _auth_providers () {
-	[
-	  SVN::Client::get_simple_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_file_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_simple_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::simple, 2),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_file_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert, 2),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_file_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert_pw, 2),
-	  SVN::Client::get_username_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_server_trust),
-	  SVN::Client::get_username_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::username, 2)
-	]
-}
-
-sub escape_uri_only {
-	my ($uri) = @_;
-	my @tmp;
-	foreach (split m{/}, $uri) {
-		s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
-		push @tmp, $_;
-	}
-	join('/', @tmp);
-}
-
-sub escape_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	if ($url =~ m#^(https?)://([^/]+)(.*)$#) {
-		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, escape_uri_only($3));
-		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
-	}
-	$url;
-}
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $url) = @_;
-	$url =~ s!/+$!!;
-	return $RA if ($RA && $RA->{url} eq $url);
-
-	::_req_svn();
-
-	SVN::_Core::svn_config_ensure($config_dir, undef);
-	my ($baton, $callbacks) = SVN::Core::auth_open_helper(_auth_providers);
-	my $config = SVN::Core::config_get_config($config_dir);
-	$RA = undef;
-	my $dont_store_passwords = 1;
-	my $conf_t = ${$config}{'config'};
-	{
-		no warnings 'once';
-		# The usage of $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_* variables
-		# produces warnings that variables are used only once.
-		# I had not found the better way to shut them up, so
-		# the warnings of type 'once' are disabled in this block.
-		if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
-		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
-		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_PASSWORDS,
-		    1) == 0) {
-			SVN::_Core::svn_auth_set_parameter($baton,
-			    $SVN::_Core::SVN_AUTH_PARAM_DONT_STORE_PASSWORDS,
-			    bless (\$dont_store_passwords, "_p_void"));
-		}
-		if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
-		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
-		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_AUTH_CREDS,
-		    1) == 0) {
-			$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache = 1;
-		}
-	} # no warnings 'once'
-	my $self = SVN::Ra->new(url => escape_url($url), auth => $baton,
-	                      config => $config,
-			      pool => SVN::Pool->new,
-	                      auth_provider_callbacks => $callbacks);
-	$self->{url} = $url;
-	$self->{svn_path} = $url;
-	$self->{repos_root} = $self->get_repos_root;
-	$self->{svn_path} =~ s#^\Q$self->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
-	$self->{cache} = { check_path => { r => 0, data => {} },
-	                   get_dir => { r => 0, data => {} } };
-	$RA = bless $self, $class;
-}
-
-sub check_path {
-	my ($self, $path, $r) = @_;
-	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{check_path};
-	if ($r == $cache->{r} && exists $cache->{data}->{$path}) {
-		return $cache->{data}->{$path};
-	}
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	my $t = $self->SUPER::check_path($path, $r, $pool);
-	$pool->clear;
-	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
-		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
-		$cache->{r} = $r;
-	}
-	$cache->{data}->{$path} = $t;
-}
-
-sub get_dir {
-	my ($self, $dir, $r) = @_;
-	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{get_dir};
-	if ($r == $cache->{r}) {
-		if (my $x = $cache->{data}->{$dir}) {
-			return wantarray ? @$x : $x->[0];
-		}
-	}
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	my ($d, undef, $props) = $self->SUPER::get_dir($dir, $r, $pool);
-	my %dirents = map { $_ => { kind => $d->{$_}->kind } } keys %$d;
-	$pool->clear;
-	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
-		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
-		$cache->{r} = $r;
-	}
-	$cache->{data}->{$dir} = [ \%dirents, $r, $props ];
-	wantarray ? (\%dirents, $r, $props) : \%dirents;
-}
-
-sub DESTROY {
-	# do not call the real DESTROY since we store ourselves in $RA
-}
-
-# get_log(paths, start, end, limit,
-#         discover_changed_paths, strict_node_history, receiver)
-sub get_log {
-	my ($self, @args) = @_;
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-
-	# svn_log_changed_path_t objects passed to get_log are likely to be
-	# overwritten even if only the refs are copied to an external variable,
-	# so we should dup the structures in their entirety.  Using an
-	# externally passed pool (instead of our temporary and quickly cleared
-	# pool in Git::SVN::Ra) does not help matters at all...
-	my $receiver = pop @args;
-	my $prefix = "/".$self->{svn_path};
-	$prefix =~ s#/+($)##;
-	my $prefix_regex = qr#^\Q$prefix\E#;
-	push(@args, sub {
-		my ($paths) = $_[0];
-		return &$receiver(@_) unless $paths;
-		$_[0] = ();
-		foreach my $p (keys %$paths) {
-			my $i = $paths->{$p};
-			# Make path relative to our url, not repos_root
-			$p =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
-			my %s = map { $_ => $i->$_; }
-				qw/copyfrom_path copyfrom_rev action/;
-			if ($s{'copyfrom_path'}) {
-				$s{'copyfrom_path'} =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
-			}
-			$_[0]{$p} = \%s;
-		}
-		&$receiver(@_);
-	});
-
-
-	# the limit parameter was not supported in SVN 1.1.x, so we
-	# drop it.  Therefore, the receiver callback passed to it
-	# is made aware of this limitation by being wrapped if
-	# the limit passed to is being wrapped.
-	if ($SVN::Core::VERSION le '1.2.0') {
-		my $limit = splice(@args, 3, 1);
-		if ($limit > 0) {
-			my $receiver = pop @args;
-			push(@args, sub { &$receiver(@_) if (--$limit >= 0) });
-		}
-	}
-	my $ret = $self->SUPER::get_log(@args, $pool);
-	$pool->clear;
-	$ret;
-}
-
-sub trees_match {
-	my ($self, $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2) = @_;
-	my $ctx = SVN::Client->new(auth => _auth_providers);
-	my $out = IO::File->new_tmpfile;
-
-	# older SVN (1.1.x) doesn't take $pool as the last parameter for
-	# $ctx->diff(), so we'll create a default one
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new_default_sub;
-
-	$ra_invalid = 1; # this will open a new SVN::Ra connection to $url1
-	$ctx->diff([], $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2, 1, 1, 0, $out, $out);
-	$out->flush;
-	my $ret = (($out->stat)[7] == 0);
-	close $out or croak $!;
-
-	$ret;
-}
-
-sub get_commit_editor {
-	my ($self, $log, $cb, $pool) = @_;
-	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef, 0) : ();
-	$self->SUPER::get_commit_editor($log, $cb, @lock, $pool);
-}
-
-sub gs_do_update {
-	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $editor) = @_;
-	my $new = ($rev_a == $rev_b);
-	my $path = $gs->{path};
-
-	if ($new && -e $gs->{index}) {
-		unlink $gs->{index} or die
-		  "Couldn't unlink index: $gs->{index}: $!\n";
-	}
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	$editor->set_path_strip($path);
-	my (@pc) = split m#/#, $path;
-	my $reporter = $self->do_update($rev_b, (@pc ? shift @pc : ''),
-	                                1, $editor, $pool);
-	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef) : ();
-
-	# Since we can't rely on svn_ra_reparent being available, we'll
-	# just have to do some magic with set_path to make it so
-	# we only want a partial path.
-	my $sp = '';
-	my $final = join('/', @pc);
-	while (@pc) {
-		$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_b, 0, @lock, $pool);
-		$sp .= '/' if length $sp;
-		$sp .= shift @pc;
-	}
-	die "BUG: '$sp' != '$final'\n" if ($sp ne $final);
-
-	$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_a, $new, @lock, $pool);
-
-	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
-	$pool->clear;
-	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
-}
-
-# this requires SVN 1.4.3 or later (do_switch didn't work before 1.4.3, and
-# svn_ra_reparent didn't work before 1.4)
-sub gs_do_switch {
-	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $url_b, $editor) = @_;
-	my $path = $gs->{path};
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-
-	my $full_url = $self->{url};
-	my $old_url = $full_url;
-	$full_url .= '/' . $path if length $path;
-	my ($ra, $reparented);
-
-	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+ssh)?://# ||
-	    ($full_url =~ m#^https?://# &&
-	     escape_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
-		$_[0] = undef;
-		$self = undef;
-		$RA = undef;
-		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($full_url);
-		$ra_invalid = 1;
-	} elsif ($old_url ne $full_url) {
-		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $full_url, $pool);
-		$self->{url} = $full_url;
-		$reparented = 1;
-	}
-
-	$ra ||= $self;
-	$url_b = escape_url($url_b);
-	my $reporter = $ra->do_switch($rev_b, '', 1, $url_b, $editor, $pool);
-	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef) : ();
-	$reporter->set_path('', $rev_a, 0, @lock, $pool);
-	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
-
-	if ($reparented) {
-		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $old_url, $pool);
-		$self->{url} = $old_url;
-	}
-
-	$pool->clear;
-	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
-}
-
-sub longest_common_path {
-	my ($gsv, $globs) = @_;
-	my %common;
-	my $common_max = scalar @$gsv;
-
-	foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
-		my @tmp = split m#/#, $gs->{path};
-		my $p = '';
-		foreach (@tmp) {
-			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
-			$common{$p} ||= 0;
-			$common{$p}++;
-		}
-	}
-	$globs ||= [];
-	$common_max += scalar @$globs;
-	foreach my $glob (@$globs) {
-		my @tmp = split m#/#, $glob->{path}->{left};
-		my $p = '';
-		foreach (@tmp) {
-			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
-			$common{$p} ||= 0;
-			$common{$p}++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	my $longest_path = '';
-	foreach (sort {length $b <=> length $a} keys %common) {
-		if ($common{$_} == $common_max) {
-			$longest_path = $_;
-			last;
-		}
-	}
-	$longest_path;
-}
-
-sub gs_fetch_loop_common {
-	my ($self, $base, $head, $gsv, $globs) = @_;
-	return if ($base > $head);
-	my $inc = $_log_window_size;
-	my ($min, $max) = ($base, $head < $base + $inc ? $head : $base + $inc);
-	my $longest_path = longest_common_path($gsv, $globs);
-	my $ra_url = $self->{url};
-	my $find_trailing_edge;
-	while (1) {
-		my %revs;
-		my $err;
-		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
-		$SVN::Error::handler = sub {
-			($err) = @_;
-			skip_unknown_revs($err);
-		};
-		sub _cb {
-			my ($paths, $r, $author, $date, $log) = @_;
-			[ $paths,
-			  { author => $author, date => $date, log => $log } ];
-		}
-		$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $max, 0, 1, 1,
-		               sub { $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
-		if ($err) {
-			print "Checked through r$max\r";
-		} else {
-			$find_trailing_edge = 1;
-		}
-		if ($err and $find_trailing_edge) {
-			print STDERR "Path '$longest_path' ",
-				     "was probably deleted:\n",
-				     $err->expanded_message,
-				     "\nWill attempt to follow ",
-				     "revisions r$min .. r$max ",
-				     "committed before the deletion\n";
-			my $hi = $max;
-			while (--$hi >= $min) {
-				my $ok;
-				$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $hi,
-				               0, 1, 1, sub {
-				               $ok = $_[1];
-				               $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
-				if ($ok) {
-					print STDERR "r$min .. r$ok OK\n";
-					last;
-				}
-			}
-			$find_trailing_edge = 0;
-		}
-		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
-
-		my %exists = map { $_->{path} => $_ } @$gsv;
-		foreach my $r (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %revs) {
-			my ($paths, $logged) = @{$revs{$r}};
-
-			foreach my $gs ($self->match_globs(\%exists, $paths,
-			                                   $globs, $r)) {
-				if ($gs->rev_map_max >= $r) {
-					next;
-				}
-				next unless $gs->match_paths($paths, $r);
-				$gs->{logged_rev_props} = $logged;
-				if (my $last_commit = $gs->last_commit) {
-					$gs->assert_index_clean($last_commit);
-				}
-				my $log_entry = $gs->do_fetch($paths, $r);
-				if ($log_entry) {
-					$gs->do_git_commit($log_entry);
-				}
-				$INDEX_FILES{$gs->{index}} = 1;
-			}
-			foreach my $g (@$globs) {
-				my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}." .
-				        "$g->{t}-maxRev";
-				Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $r);
-			}
-			if ($ra_invalid) {
-				$_[0] = undef;
-				$self = undef;
-				$RA = undef;
-				$self = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra_url);
-				$ra_invalid = undef;
-			}
-		}
-		# pre-fill the .rev_db since it'll eventually get filled in
-		# with '0' x40 if something new gets committed
-		foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
-			next if $gs->rev_map_max >= $max;
-			next if defined $gs->rev_map_get($max);
-			$gs->rev_map_set($max, 0 x40);
-		}
-		foreach my $g (@$globs) {
-			my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}.$g->{t}-maxRev";
-			Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $max);
-		}
-		last if $max >= $head;
-		$min = $max + 1;
-		$max += $inc;
-		$max = $head if ($max > $head);
-	}
-	Git::SVN::gc();
-}
-
-sub get_dir_globbed {
-	my ($self, $left, $depth, $r) = @_;
-
-	my @x = eval { $self->get_dir($left, $r) };
-	return unless scalar @x == 3;
-	my $dirents = $x[0];
-	my @finalents;
-	foreach my $de (keys %$dirents) {
-		next if $dirents->{$de}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
-		if ($depth > 1) {
-			my @args = ("$left/$de", $depth - 1, $r);
-			foreach my $dir ($self->get_dir_globbed(@args)) {
-				push @finalents, "$de/$dir";
-			}
-		} else {
-			push @finalents, $de;
-		}
-	}
-	@finalents;
-}
-
-# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
-sub is_ref_ignored {
-	my ($g, $p) = @_;
-	my $refname = $g->{ref}->full_path($p);
-	return 1 if defined($g->{ignore_refs_regex}) &&
-	            $refname =~ m!$g->{ignore_refs_regex}!;
-	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_refs_regex);
-	return 1 if $refname =~ m!$_ignore_refs_regex!o;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub match_globs {
-	my ($self, $exists, $paths, $globs, $r) = @_;
-
-	sub get_dir_check {
-		my ($self, $exists, $g, $r) = @_;
-
-		my @dirs = $self->get_dir_globbed($g->{path}->{left},
-		                                  $g->{path}->{depth},
-		                                  $r);
-
-		foreach my $de (@dirs) {
-			my $p = $g->{path}->full_path($de);
-			next if $exists->{$p};
-			next if (length $g->{path}->{right} &&
-				 ($self->check_path($p, $r) !=
-				  $SVN::Node::dir));
-			next unless $p =~ /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
-			$exists->{$p} = Git::SVN->init($self->{url}, $p, undef,
-					 $g->{ref}->full_path($de), 1);
-		}
-	}
-	foreach my $g (@$globs) {
-		if (my $path = $paths->{"/$g->{path}->{left}"}) {
-			if ($path->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/) {
-				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
-			}
-		}
-		foreach (keys %$paths) {
-			if (/$g->{path}->{left_regex}/ &&
-			    !/$g->{path}->{regex}/) {
-				next if $paths->{$_}->{action} !~ /^[AR]$/;
-				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
-			}
-			next unless /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
-			my $p = $1;
-			my $pathname = $g->{path}->full_path($p);
-			next if is_ref_ignored($g, $p);
-			next if $exists->{$pathname};
-			next if ($self->check_path($pathname, $r) !=
-			         $SVN::Node::dir);
-			$exists->{$pathname} = Git::SVN->init(
-			                      $self->{url}, $pathname, undef,
-			                      $g->{ref}->full_path($p), 1);
-		}
-		my $c = '';
-		foreach (split m#/#, $g->{path}->{left}) {
-			$c .= "/$_";
-			next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
-			             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
-			get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
-		}
-	}
-	values %$exists;
-}
-
-sub minimize_url {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{url} if ($self->{url} eq $self->{repos_root});
-	my $url = $self->{repos_root};
-	my @components = split(m!/!, $self->{svn_path});
-	my $c = '';
-	do {
-		$url .= "/$c" if length $c;
-		eval {
-			my $ra = (ref $self)->new($url);
-			my $latest = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
-			$ra->get_log("", $latest, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub {});
-		};
-	} while ($@ && ($c = shift @components));
-	$url;
-}
-
-sub can_do_switch {
-	my $self = shift;
-	unless (defined $can_do_switch) {
-		my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-		my $rep = eval {
-			$self->do_switch(1, '', 0, $self->{url},
-			                 SVN::Delta::Editor->new, $pool);
-		};
-		if ($@) {
-			$can_do_switch = 0;
-		} else {
-			$rep->abort_report($pool);
-			$can_do_switch = 1;
-		}
-		$pool->clear;
-	}
-	$can_do_switch;
-}
-
-sub skip_unknown_revs {
-	my ($err) = @_;
-	my $errno = $err->apr_err();
-	# Maybe the branch we're tracking didn't
-	# exist when the repo started, so it's
-	# not an error if it doesn't, just continue
-	#
-	# Wonderfully consistent library, eh?
-	# 160013 - svn:// and file://
-	# 175002 - http(s)://
-	# 175007 - http(s):// (this repo required authorization, too...)
-	#   More codes may be discovered later...
-	if ($errno == 175007 || $errno == 175002 || $errno == 160013) {
-		my $err_key = $err->expanded_message;
-		# revision numbers change every time, filter them out
-		$err_key =~ s/\d+/\0/g;
-		$err_key = "$errno\0$err_key";
-		unless ($ignored_err{$err_key}) {
-			warn "W: Ignoring error from SVN, path probably ",
-			     "does not exist: ($errno): ",
-			     $err->expanded_message,"\n";
-			warn "W: Do not be alarmed at the above message ",
-			     "git-svn is just searching aggressively for ",
-			     "old history.\n",
-			     "This may take a while on large repositories\n";
-			$ignored_err{$err_key} = 1;
-		}
-		return;
-	}
-	die "Error from SVN, ($errno): ", $err->expanded_message,"\n";
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Log;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use POSIX qw/strftime/;
-use Time::Local;
-use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
-use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
-            %rusers $show_commit $incremental/;
-my $l_fmt;
-
-sub cmt_showable {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	return 1 if defined $c->{r};
-
-	# big commit message got truncated by the 16k pretty buffer in rev-list
-	if ($c->{l} && $c->{l}->[-1] eq "...\n" &&
-				$c->{a_raw} =~ /\@([a-f\d\-]+)>$/) {
-		@{$c->{l}} = ();
-		my @log = command(qw/cat-file commit/, $c->{c});
-
-		# shift off the headers
-		shift @log while ($log[0] ne '');
-		shift @log;
-
-		# TODO: make $c->{l} not have a trailing newline in the future
-		@{$c->{l}} = map { "$_\n" } grep !/^git-svn-id: /, @log;
-
-		(undef, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata(
-				(grep(/^git-svn-id: /, @log))[-1]);
-	}
-	return defined $c->{r};
-}
-
-sub log_use_color {
-	return $color || Git->repository->get_colorbool('color.diff');
-}
-
-sub git_svn_log_cmd {
-	my ($r_min, $r_max, @args) = @_;
-	my $head = 'HEAD';
-	my (@files, @log_opts);
-	foreach my $x (@args) {
-		if ($x eq '--' || @files) {
-			push @files, $x;
-		} else {
-			if (::verify_ref("$x^0")) {
-				$head = $x;
-			} else {
-				push @log_opts, $x;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = ::working_head_info($head);
-	$gs ||= Git::SVN->_new;
-	my @cmd = (qw/log --abbrev-commit --pretty=raw --default/,
-	           $gs->refname);
-	push @cmd, '-r' unless $non_recursive;
-	push @cmd, qw/--raw --name-status/ if $verbose;
-	push @cmd, '--color' if log_use_color();
-	push @cmd, @log_opts;
-	if (defined $r_max && $r_max == $r_min) {
-		push @cmd, '--max-count=1';
-		if (my $c = $gs->rev_map_get($r_max)) {
-			push @cmd, $c;
-		}
-	} elsif (defined $r_max) {
-		if ($r_max < $r_min) {
-			($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
-		}
-		my (undef, $c_max) = $gs->find_rev_before($r_max, 1, $r_min);
-		my (undef, $c_min) = $gs->find_rev_after($r_min, 1, $r_max);
-		# If there are no commits in the range, both $c_max and $c_min
-		# will be undefined.  If there is at least 1 commit in the
-		# range, both will be defined.
-		return () if !defined $c_min || !defined $c_max;
-		if ($c_min eq $c_max) {
-			push @cmd, '--max-count=1', $c_min;
-		} else {
-			push @cmd, '--boundary', "$c_min..$c_max";
-		}
-	}
-	return (@cmd, @files);
-}
-
-# adapted from pager.c
-sub config_pager {
-	if (! -t *STDOUT) {
-		$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = 'false';
-		$pager = undef;
-		return;
-	}
-	chomp($pager = command_oneline(qw(var GIT_PAGER)));
-	if ($pager eq 'cat') {
-		$pager = undef;
-	}
-	$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = defined($pager);
-}
-
-sub run_pager {
-	return unless defined $pager;
-	pipe my ($rfd, $wfd) or return;
-	defined(my $pid = fork) or ::fatal "Can't fork: $!";
-	if (!$pid) {
-		open STDOUT, '>&', $wfd or
-		                     ::fatal "Can't redirect to stdout: $!";
-		return;
-	}
-	open STDIN, '<&', $rfd or ::fatal "Can't redirect stdin: $!";
-	$ENV{LESS} ||= 'FRSX';
-	exec $pager or ::fatal "Can't run pager: $! ($pager)";
-}
-
-sub format_svn_date {
-	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
-	my $t = shift || time;
-	my $gm = timelocal(gmtime($t));
-	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $t <=> $gm ];
-	my $gmoff = sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
-	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
-}
-
-sub parse_git_date {
-	my ($t, $tz) = @_;
-	# Date::Parse isn't in the standard Perl distro :(
-	if ($tz =~ s/^\+//) {
-		$t += tz_to_s_offset($tz);
-	} elsif ($tz =~ s/^\-//) {
-		$t -= tz_to_s_offset($tz);
-	}
-	return $t;
-}
-
-sub set_local_timezone {
-	if (defined $TZ) {
-		$ENV{TZ} = $TZ;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{TZ};
-	}
-}
-
-sub tz_to_s_offset {
-	my ($tz) = @_;
-	$tz =~ s/(\d\d)$//;
-	return ($1 * 60) + ($tz * 3600);
-}
-
-sub get_author_info {
-	my ($dest, $author, $t, $tz) = @_;
-	$author =~ s/(?:^\s*|\s*$)//g;
-	$dest->{a_raw} = $author;
-	my $au;
-	if ($::_authors) {
-		$au = $rusers{$author} || undef;
-	}
-	if (!$au) {
-		($au) = ($author =~ /<([^>]+)\@[^>]+>$/);
-	}
-	$dest->{t} = $t;
-	$dest->{tz} = $tz;
-	$dest->{a} = $au;
-	$dest->{t_utc} = parse_git_date($t, $tz);
-}
-
-sub process_commit {
-	my ($c, $r_min, $r_max, $defer) = @_;
-	if (defined $r_min && defined $r_max) {
-		if ($r_min == $c->{r} && $r_min == $r_max) {
-			show_commit($c);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		return 1 if $r_min == $r_max;
-		if ($r_min < $r_max) {
-			# we need to reverse the print order
-			return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
-			push @$defer, $c;
-			return 1;
-		}
-		if ($r_min != $r_max) {
-			return 1 if ($r_min < $c->{r});
-			return 1 if ($r_max > $c->{r});
-		}
-	}
-	return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
-	show_commit($c);
-	return 1;
-}
-
-sub show_commit {
-	my $c = shift;
-	if ($oneline) {
-		my $x = "\n";
-		if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
-			while ($l->[0] =~ /^\s*$/) { shift @$l }
-			$x = $l->[0];
-		}
-		$l_fmt ||= 'A' . length($c->{r});
-		print 'r',pack($l_fmt, $c->{r}),' | ';
-		print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
-		print $x;
-	} else {
-		show_commit_normal($c);
-	}
-}
-
-sub show_commit_changed_paths {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	return unless $c->{changed};
-	print "Changed paths:\n", @{$c->{changed}};
-}
-
-sub show_commit_normal {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	print commit_log_separator, "r$c->{r} | ";
-	print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
-	print "$c->{a} | ", format_svn_date($c->{t_utc}), ' | ';
-	my $nr_line = 0;
-
-	if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
-		while ($l->[$#$l] eq "\n" && $#$l > 0
-		                          && $l->[($#$l - 1)] eq "\n") {
-			pop @$l;
-		}
-		$nr_line = scalar @$l;
-		if (!$nr_line) {
-			print "1 line\n\n\n";
-		} else {
-			if ($nr_line == 1) {
-				$nr_line = '1 line';
-			} else {
-				$nr_line .= ' lines';
-			}
-			print $nr_line, "\n";
-			show_commit_changed_paths($c);
-			print "\n";
-			print $_ foreach @$l;
-		}
-	} else {
-		print "1 line\n";
-		show_commit_changed_paths($c);
-		print "\n";
-
-	}
-	foreach my $x (qw/raw stat diff/) {
-		if ($c->{$x}) {
-			print "\n";
-			print $_ foreach @{$c->{$x}}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub cmd_show_log {
-	my (@args) = @_;
-	my ($r_min, $r_max);
-	my $r_last = -1; # prevent dupes
-	set_local_timezone();
-	if (defined $::_revision) {
-		if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
-			($r_min, $r_max) = ($1, $2);
-		} elsif ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/) {
-			$r_min = $r_max = $::_revision;
-		} else {
-			::fatal "-r$::_revision is not supported, use ",
-				"standard 'git log' arguments instead";
-		}
-	}
-
-	config_pager();
-	@args = git_svn_log_cmd($r_min, $r_max, @args);
-	if (!@args) {
-		print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
-		return;
-	}
-	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
-	run_pager();
-	my (@k, $c, $d, $stat);
-	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
-	while (<$log>) {
-		if (/^${esc_color}commit (?:- )?($::sha1_short)/o) {
-			my $cmt = $1;
-			if ($c && cmt_showable($c) && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
-				$r_last = $c->{r};
-				process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k) or
-								goto out;
-			}
-			$d = undef;
-			$c = { c => $cmt };
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}author (.+) (\d+) ([\-\+]?\d+)$/o) {
-			get_author_info($c, $1, $2, $3);
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}(?:tree|parent|committer) /o) {
-			# ignore
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}:\d{6} \d{6} $::sha1_short/o) {
-			push @{$c->{raw}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}[ACRMDT]\t/) {
-			# we could add $SVN->{svn_path} here, but that requires
-			# remote access at the moment (repo_path_split)...
-			s#^(${esc_color})([ACRMDT])\t#$1   $2 #o;
-			push @{$c->{changed}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}diff /o) {
-			$d = 1;
-			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
-		} elsif ($d) {
-			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^\ .+\ \|\s*\d+\ $esc_color[\+\-]*
-		          $esc_color*[\+\-]*$esc_color$/x) {
-			$stat = 1;
-			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
-		} elsif ($stat && /^ \d+ files changed, \d+ insertions/) {
-			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
-			$stat = undef;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}    (git-svn-id:.+)$/o) {
-			($c->{url}, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata($1);
-		} elsif (s/^${esc_color}    //o) {
-			push @{$c->{l}}, $_;
-		}
-	}
-	if ($c && defined $c->{r} && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
-		$r_last = $c->{r};
-		process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k);
-	}
-	if (@k) {
-		($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
-		process_commit($_, $r_min, $r_max) foreach reverse @k;
-	}
-out:
-	close $log;
-	print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
-}
-
-sub cmd_blame {
-	my $path = pop;
-
-	config_pager();
-	run_pager();
-
-	my ($fh, $ctx, $rev);
-
-	if ($_git_format) {
-		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', @_, $path);
-		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
-			if ($line =~ /^\^?([[:xdigit:]]+)\s/) {
-				# Uncommitted edits show up as a rev ID of
-				# all zeros, which we can't look up with
-				# cmt_metadata
-				if ($1 !~ /^0+$/) {
-					(undef, $rev, undef) =
-						::cmt_metadata($1);
-					$rev = '0' if (!$rev);
-				} else {
-					$rev = '0';
-				}
-				$rev = sprintf('%-10s', $rev);
-				$line =~ s/^\^?[[:xdigit:]]+(\s)/$rev$1/;
-			}
-			print $line;
-		}
-	} else {
-		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', '-p', @_, 'HEAD',
-						  '--', $path);
-		my ($sha1);
-		my %authors;
-		my @buffer;
-		my %dsha; #distinct sha keys
-
-		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
-			push @buffer, $line;
-			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
-				$dsha{$1} = 1;
-			}
-		}
-
-		my $s2r = ::cmt_sha2rev_batch([keys %dsha]);
-
-		foreach my $line (@buffer) {
-			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
-				$rev = $s2r->{$1};
-				$rev = '0' if (!$rev)
-			}
-			elsif ($line =~ /^author (.*)/) {
-				$authors{$rev} = $1;
-				$authors{$rev} =~ s/\s/_/g;
-			}
-			elsif ($line =~ /^\t(.*)$/) {
-				printf("%6s %10s %s\n", $rev, $authors{$rev}, $1);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Migration;
-# these version numbers do NOT correspond to actual version numbers
-# of git nor git-svn.  They are just relative.
-#
-# v0 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/heads/$id-HEAD
-#
-# v1 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
-#
-# v2 layout: .git/svn/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
-#
-# v3 layout: .git/svn/$id, refs/remotes/$id
-#            - info/url may remain for backwards compatibility
-#            - this is what we migrate up to this layout automatically,
-#            - this will be used by git svn init on single branches
-# v3.1 layout (auto migrated):
-#            - .rev_db => .rev_db.$UUID, .rev_db will remain as a symlink
-#              for backwards compatibility
-#
-# v4 layout: .git/svn/$repo_id/$id, refs/remotes/$repo_id/$id
-#            - this is only created for newly multi-init-ed
-#              repositories.  Similar in spirit to the
-#              --use-separate-remotes option in git-clone (now default)
-#            - we do not automatically migrate to this (following
-#              the example set by core git)
-#
-# v5 layout: .rev_db.$UUID => .rev_map.$UUID
-#            - newer, more-efficient format that uses 24-bytes per record
-#              with no filler space.
-#            - use xxd -c24 < .rev_map.$UUID to view and debug
-#            - This is a one-way migration, repositories updated to the
-#              new format will not be able to use old git-svn without
-#              rebuilding the .rev_db.  Rebuilding the rev_db is not
-#              possible if noMetadata or useSvmProps are set; but should
-#              be no problem for users that use the (sensible) defaults.
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
-use vars qw/$_minimize/;
-
-sub migrate_from_v0 {
-	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	return undef unless -d $git_dir;
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
-	my $migrated = 0;
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		chomp;
-		my ($id, $orig_ref) = ($_, $_);
-		next unless $id =~ s#^refs/heads/(.+)-HEAD$#$1#;
-		next unless -f "$git_dir/$id/info/url";
-		my $new_ref = "refs/remotes/$id";
-		if (::verify_ref("$new_ref^0")) {
-			print STDERR "W: $orig_ref is probably an old ",
-			             "branch used by an ancient version of ",
-				     "git-svn.\n",
-				     "However, $new_ref also exists.\n",
-				     "We will not be able ",
-				     "to use this branch until this ",
-				     "ambiguity is resolved.\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		print STDERR "Migrating from v0 layout...\n" if !$migrated;
-		print STDERR "Renaming ref: $orig_ref => $new_ref\n";
-		command_noisy('update-ref', $new_ref, $orig_ref);
-		command_noisy('update-ref', '-d', $orig_ref, $orig_ref);
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-	print STDERR "Done migrating from v0 layout...\n" if $migrated;
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub migrate_from_v1 {
-	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	my $migrated = 0;
-	return $migrated unless -d $git_dir;
-	my $svn_dir = "$git_dir/svn";
-
-	# just in case somebody used 'svn' as their $id at some point...
-	return $migrated if -d $svn_dir && ! -f "$svn_dir/info/url";
-
-	print STDERR "Migrating from a git-svn v1 layout...\n";
-	mkpath([$svn_dir]);
-	print STDERR "Data from a previous version of git-svn exists, but\n\t",
-	             "$svn_dir\n\t(required for this version ",
-	             "($::VERSION) of git-svn) does not exist.\n";
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		my $x = $_;
-		next unless $x =~ s#^refs/remotes/##;
-		chomp $x;
-		next unless -f "$git_dir/$x/info/url";
-		my $u = eval { ::file_to_s("$git_dir/$x/info/url") };
-		next unless $u;
-		my $dn = dirname("$git_dir/svn/$x");
-		mkpath([$dn]) unless -d $dn;
-		if ($x eq 'svn') { # they used 'svn' as GIT_SVN_ID:
-			mkpath(["$git_dir/svn/svn"]);
-			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x/info => ",
-			                "$git_dir/svn/$x/info\n";
-			rename "$git_dir/$x/info", "$git_dir/svn/$x/info" or
-			       croak "$!: $x";
-			# don't worry too much about these, they probably
-			# don't exist with repos this old (save for index,
-			# and we can easily regenerate that)
-			foreach my $f (qw/unhandled.log index .rev_db/) {
-				rename "$git_dir/$x/$f", "$git_dir/svn/$x/$f";
-			}
-		} else {
-			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x => $git_dir/svn/$x\n";
-			rename "$git_dir/$x", "$git_dir/svn/$x" or
-			       croak "$!: $x";
-		}
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-	print STDERR "Done migrating from a git-svn v1 layout\n";
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub read_old_urls {
-	my ($l_map, $pfx, $path) = @_;
-	my @dir;
-	foreach (<$path/*>) {
-		if (-r "$_/info/url") {
-			$pfx .= '/' if $pfx && $pfx !~ m!/$!;
-			my $ref_id = $pfx . basename $_;
-			my $url = ::file_to_s("$_/info/url");
-			$l_map->{$ref_id} = $url;
-		} elsif (-d $_) {
-			push @dir, $_;
-		}
-	}
-	foreach (@dir) {
-		my $x = $_;
-		$x =~ s!^\Q$ENV{GIT_DIR}\E/svn/!!o;
-		read_old_urls($l_map, $x, $_);
-	}
-}
-
-sub migrate_from_v2 {
-	my @cfg = command(qw/config -l/);
-	return if grep /^svn-remote\..+\.url=/, @cfg;
-	my %l_map;
-	read_old_urls(\%l_map, '', "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
-	my $migrated = 0;
-
-	foreach my $ref_id (sort keys %l_map) {
-		eval { Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', undef, $ref_id) };
-		if ($@) {
-			Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', $ref_id, $ref_id);
-		}
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub minimize_connections {
-	my $r = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes();
-	my $new_urls = {};
-	my $root_repos = {};
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$r) {
-		my $url = $r->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		my $fetch = $r->{$repo_id}->{fetch} or next;
-		my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
-
-		# skip existing cases where we already connect to the root
-		if (($ra->{url} eq $ra->{repos_root}) ||
-		    ($ra->{repos_root} eq $repo_id)) {
-			$root_repos->{$ra->{url}} = $repo_id;
-			next;
-		}
-
-		my $root_ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
-		my $root_path = $ra->{url};
-		$root_path =~ s#^\Q$ra->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
-		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
-			my $ref_id = $fetch->{$path};
-			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($ref_id, $repo_id, $path);
-
-			# make sure we can read when connecting to
-			# a higher level of a repository
-			my ($last_rev, undef) = $gs->last_rev_commit;
-			if (!defined $last_rev) {
-				$last_rev = eval {
-					$root_ra->get_latest_revnum;
-				};
-				next if $@;
-			}
-			my $new = $root_path;
-			$new .= length $path ? "/$path" : '';
-			eval {
-				$root_ra->get_log([$new], $last_rev, $last_rev,
-			                          0, 0, 1, sub { });
-			};
-			next if $@;
-			$new_urls->{$ra->{repos_root}}->{$new} =
-			        { ref_id => $ref_id,
-				  old_repo_id => $repo_id,
-				  old_path => $path };
-		}
-	}
-
-	my @emptied;
-	foreach my $url (keys %$new_urls) {
-		# see if we can re-use an existing [svn-remote "repo_id"]
-		# instead of creating a(n ugly) new section:
-		my $repo_id = $root_repos->{$url} || $url;
-
-		my $fetch = $new_urls->{$url};
-		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
-			my $x = $fetch->{$path};
-			Git::SVN->init($url, $path, $repo_id, $x->{ref_id});
-			my $pfx = "svn-remote.$x->{old_repo_id}";
-
-			my $old_fetch = quotemeta("$x->{old_path}:".
-			                          "$x->{ref_id}");
-			command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
-			              "$pfx.fetch", '^'. $old_fetch . '$');
-			delete $r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->
-			       {fetch}->{$x->{old_path}};
-			if (!keys %{$r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->{fetch}}) {
-				command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
-				              "$pfx.url");
-				push @emptied, $x->{old_repo_id}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (@emptied) {
-		my $file = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/config";
-		print STDERR <<EOF;
-The following [svn-remote] sections in your config file ($file) are empty
-and can be safely removed:
-EOF
-		print STDERR "[svn-remote \"$_\"]\n" foreach @emptied;
-	}
-}
-
-sub migration_check {
-	migrate_from_v0();
-	migrate_from_v1();
-	migrate_from_v2();
-	minimize_connections() if $_minimize;
-}
-
-package Git::IndexInfo;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Git qw/command_input_pipe command_close_pipe/;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class) = @_;
-	my ($gui, $ctx) = command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
-	bless { gui => $gui, ctx => $ctx, nr => 0}, $class;
-}
-
-sub remove {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if (print { $self->{gui} } '0 ', 0 x 40, "\t", $path, "\0") {
-		return ++$self->{nr};
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub update {
-	my ($self, $mode, $hash, $path) = @_;
-	if (print { $self->{gui} } $mode, ' ', $hash, "\t", $path, "\0") {
-		return ++$self->{nr};
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub DESTROY {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	command_close_pipe($self->{gui}, $self->{ctx});
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $glob, $pattern_ok) = @_;
-	my $re = $glob;
-	$re =~ s!/+$!!g; # no need for trailing slashes
-	my (@left, @right, @patterns);
-	my $state = "left";
-	my $die_msg = "Only one set of wildcard directories " .
-				"(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: '$glob'\n";
-	for my $part (split(m|/|, $glob)) {
-		if ($part =~ /\*/ && $part ne "*") {
-			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
-		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /[{}]/ &&
-			 $part !~ /^\{[^{}]+\}/) {
-			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
-		}
-		if ($part eq "*") {
-			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
-			$state = "pattern";
-			push(@patterns, "[^/]*");
-		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /^\{(.*)\}$/) {
-			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
-			$state = "pattern";
-			my $p = quotemeta($1);
-			$p =~ s/\\,/|/g;
-			push(@patterns, "(?:$p)");
-		} else {
-			if ($state eq "left") {
-				push(@left, $part);
-			} else {
-				push(@right, $part);
-				$state = "right";
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	my $depth = @patterns;
-	if ($depth == 0) {
-		die "One '*' is needed in glob: '$glob'\n";
-	}
-	my $left = join('/', @left);
-	my $right = join('/', @right);
-	$re = join('/', @patterns);
-	$re = join('\/',
-		   grep(length, quotemeta($left), "($re)", quotemeta($right)));
-	my $left_re = qr/^\/\Q$left\E(\/|$)/;
-	bless { left => $left, right => $right, left_regex => $left_re,
-	        regex => qr/$re/, glob => $glob, depth => $depth }, $class;
-}
-
-sub full_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	return (length $self->{left} ? "$self->{left}/" : '') .
-	       $path . (length $self->{right} ? "/$self->{right}" : '');
-}
-
 __END__
 
 Data structures:
diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh
index 1e827264b4..ae152534f5 100755
--- a/git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ valid_custom_tool()
 valid_tool() {
 	case "$1" in
 	firefox | iceweasel | seamonkey | iceape | \
-	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser |\
-	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | start)
+	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser | \
+	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | \
+	start | cygstart | xdg-open)
 		;; # happy
 	*)
 		valid_custom_tool "$1" || return 1
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ do
 	-b|--browser*|-t|--tool*)
 		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-			browser=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+			browser=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
 			;;
 		1,*)
 			usage ;;
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ do
 	-c|--config*)
 		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-			conf=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+			conf=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
 			;;
 		1,*)
 			usage ;;
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ then
 	for opt in "$conf" "web.browser"
 	do
 		test -z "$opt" && continue
-		browser="`git config $opt`"
+		browser="$(git config $opt)"
 		test -z "$browser" || break
 	done
 	if test -n "$browser" && ! valid_tool "$browser"; then
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ fi
 
 if test -z "$browser" ; then
 	if test -n "$DISPLAY"; then
-		browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel google-chrome chrome chromium chromium-browser konqueror opera seamonkey iceape w3m elinks links lynx dillo"
+		browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel google-chrome chrome chromium chromium-browser konqueror opera seamonkey iceape w3m elinks links lynx dillo xdg-open"
 		if test "$KDE_FULL_SESSION" = "true"; then
 			browser_candidates="konqueror $browser_candidates"
 		fi
@@ -119,14 +120,18 @@ if test -z "$browser" ; then
 		browser_candidates="w3m elinks links lynx"
 	fi
 	# SECURITYSESSIONID indicates an OS X GUI login session
-	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" \
-		-o "$TERM_PROGRAM" = "Apple_Terminal" ; then
+	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" || test -n "$TERM_PROGRAM"
+	then
 		browser_candidates="open $browser_candidates"
 	fi
 	# /bin/start indicates MinGW
 	if test -x /bin/start; then
 		browser_candidates="start $browser_candidates"
 	fi
+	# /usr/bin/cygstart indicates Cygwin
+	if test -x /usr/bin/cygstart; then
+		browser_candidates="cygstart $browser_candidates"
+	fi
 
 	for i in $browser_candidates; do
 		init_browser_path $i
@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@ konqueror)
 		;;
 	esac
 	;;
-w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open)
+w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open|cygstart|xdg-open)
 	"$browser_path" "$@"
 	;;
 start)
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index fb9029cbf1..968a8a4645 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -1,54 +1,65 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "help.h"
-#include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 
 const char git_usage_string[] =
-	"git [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
-	"           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]\n"
+	"git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]\n"
+	"           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
+	"           [-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]\n"
 	"           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]\n"
-	"           [-c name=value] [--help]\n"
 	"           <command> [<args>]";
 
 const char git_more_info_string[] =
-	"See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command.";
+	N_("'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+	   "concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+	   "to read about a specific subcommand or concept.");
 
-static struct startup_info git_startup_info;
 static int use_pager = -1;
-struct pager_config {
-	const char *cmd;
-	int want;
-	char *value;
+static char *orig_cwd;
+static const char *env_names[] = {
+	GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT
 };
+static char *orig_env[4];
+static int save_restore_env_balance;
 
-static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+static void save_env_before_alias(void)
 {
-	struct pager_config *c = data;
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd)) {
-		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(var, value);
-		if (b >= 0)
-			c->want = b;
-		else {
-			c->want = 1;
-			c->value = xstrdup(value);
-		}
+	int i;
+
+	assert(save_restore_env_balance == 0);
+	save_restore_env_balance = 1;
+	orig_cwd = xgetcwd();
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(env_names); i++) {
+		orig_env[i] = getenv(env_names[i]);
+		if (orig_env[i])
+			orig_env[i] = xstrdup(orig_env[i]);
 	}
-	return 0;
 }
 
-/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
-int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
+static void restore_env(int external_alias)
 {
-	struct pager_config c;
-	c.cmd = cmd;
-	c.want = -1;
-	c.value = NULL;
-	git_config(pager_command_config, &c);
-	if (c.value)
-		pager_program = c.value;
-	return c.want;
+	int i;
+
+	assert(save_restore_env_balance == 1);
+	save_restore_env_balance = 0;
+	if (!external_alias && orig_cwd && chdir(orig_cwd))
+		die_errno("could not move to %s", orig_cwd);
+	free(orig_cwd);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(env_names); i++) {
+		if (external_alias &&
+		    !strcmp(env_names[i], GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT))
+			continue;
+		if (orig_env[i]) {
+			setenv(env_names[i], orig_env[i], 1);
+			free(orig_env[i]);
+		} else {
+			unsetenv(env_names[i]);
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 static void commit_pager_choice(void) {
@@ -84,8 +95,7 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 		/*
 		 * Check remaining flags.
 		 */
-		if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--exec-path")) {
-			cmd += 11;
+		if (skip_prefix(cmd, "--exec-path", &cmd)) {
 			if (*cmd == '=')
 				git_set_argv_exec_path(cmd + 1);
 			else {
@@ -108,7 +118,7 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-replace-objects")) {
-			read_replace_refs = 0;
+			check_replace_refs = 0;
 			setenv(NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
@@ -122,8 +132,8 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--git-dir=")) {
-			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 10, 1);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(cmd, "--git-dir=", &cmd)) {
+			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cmd, 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--namespace")) {
@@ -136,8 +146,8 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--namespace=")) {
-			setenv(GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 12, 1);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(cmd, "--namespace=", &cmd)) {
+			setenv(GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd, 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--work-tree")) {
@@ -150,14 +160,16 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--work-tree=")) {
-			setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 12, 1);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(cmd, "--work-tree=", &cmd)) {
+			setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd, 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--bare")) {
-			static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
+			char *cwd = xgetcwd();
 			is_bare_repository_cfg = 1;
-			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), 0);
+			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cwd, 0);
+			free(cwd);
+			setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-c")) {
@@ -168,6 +180,45 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 			git_config_push_parameter((*argv)[1]);
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--glob-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--noglob-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--icase-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--shallow-file")) {
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
+			set_alternate_shallow_file((*argv)[0], 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-C")) {
+			if (*argc < 2) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for -C.\n" );
+				usage(git_usage_string);
+			}
+			if ((*argv)[1][0]) {
+				if (chdir((*argv)[1]))
+					die_errno("Cannot change to '%s'", (*argv)[1]);
+				if (envchanged)
+					*envchanged = 1;
+			}
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
 			usage(git_usage_string);
@@ -182,32 +233,29 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 {
 	int envchanged = 0, ret = 0, saved_errno = errno;
-	const char *subdir;
 	int count, option_count;
 	const char **new_argv;
 	const char *alias_command;
 	char *alias_string;
 	int unused_nongit;
 
-	subdir = setup_git_directory_gently(&unused_nongit);
+	save_env_before_alias();
+	setup_git_directory_gently(&unused_nongit);
 
 	alias_command = (*argv)[0];
 	alias_string = alias_lookup(alias_command);
 	if (alias_string) {
 		if (alias_string[0] == '!') {
-			const char **alias_argv;
-			int argc = *argcp, i;
+			struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 			commit_pager_choice();
+			restore_env(1);
 
-			/* build alias_argv */
-			alias_argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*alias_argv) * (argc + 1));
-			alias_argv[0] = alias_string + 1;
-			for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
-				alias_argv[i] = (*argv)[i];
-			alias_argv[argc] = NULL;
+			child.use_shell = 1;
+			argv_array_push(&child.args, alias_string + 1);
+			argv_array_pushv(&child.args, (*argv) + 1);
 
-			ret = run_command_v_opt(alias_argv, RUN_USING_SHELL);
+			ret = run_command(&child);
 			if (ret >= 0)   /* normal exit */
 				exit(ret);
 
@@ -237,8 +285,7 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 				  "trace: alias expansion: %s =>",
 				  alias_command);
 
-		new_argv = xrealloc(new_argv, sizeof(char *) *
-				    (count + *argcp));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(new_argv, count + *argcp);
 		/* insert after command name */
 		memcpy(new_argv + count, *argv + 1, sizeof(char *) * *argcp);
 
@@ -248,16 +295,13 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 		ret = 1;
 	}
 
-	if (subdir && chdir(subdir))
-		die_errno("Cannot change to '%s'", subdir);
+	restore_env(0);
 
 	errno = saved_errno;
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
-const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
-
 #define RUN_SETUP		(1<<0)
 #define RUN_SETUP_GENTLY	(1<<1)
 #define USE_PAGER		(1<<2)
@@ -284,7 +328,7 @@ static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
 	if (!help) {
 		if (p->option & RUN_SETUP)
 			prefix = setup_git_directory();
-		if (p->option & RUN_SETUP_GENTLY) {
+		else if (p->option & RUN_SETUP_GENTLY) {
 			int nongit_ok;
 			prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit_ok);
 		}
@@ -326,133 +370,163 @@ static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
+static struct cmd_struct commands[] = {
+	{ "add", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "am", cmd_am, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "annotate", cmd_annotate, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "apply", cmd_apply, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "archive", cmd_archive },
+	{ "bisect--helper", cmd_bisect__helper, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "blame", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "branch", cmd_branch, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "bundle", cmd_bundle, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "check-attr", cmd_check_attr, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "check-ignore", cmd_check_ignore, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "check-mailmap", cmd_check_mailmap, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
+	{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
+		RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE},
+	{ "cherry", cmd_cherry, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "cherry-pick", cmd_cherry_pick, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "clean", cmd_clean, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "clone", cmd_clone },
+	{ "column", cmd_column, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "commit", cmd_commit, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "config", cmd_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "credential", cmd_credential, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "describe", cmd_describe, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "diff", cmd_diff },
+	{ "diff-files", cmd_diff_files, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "diff-index", cmd_diff_index, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "diff-tree", cmd_diff_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fast-export", cmd_fast_export, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fetch", cmd_fetch, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fetch-pack", cmd_fetch_pack, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fmt-merge-msg", cmd_fmt_merge_msg, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "for-each-ref", cmd_for_each_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "format-patch", cmd_format_patch, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fsck", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fsck-objects", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "gc", cmd_gc, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "get-tar-commit-id", cmd_get_tar_commit_id },
+	{ "grep", cmd_grep, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "hash-object", cmd_hash_object },
+	{ "help", cmd_help },
+	{ "index-pack", cmd_index_pack, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "init", cmd_init_db },
+	{ "init-db", cmd_init_db },
+	{ "interpret-trailers", cmd_interpret_trailers, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "log", cmd_log, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "ls-files", cmd_ls_files, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "ls-remote", cmd_ls_remote, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "ls-tree", cmd_ls_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "mailinfo", cmd_mailinfo },
+	{ "mailsplit", cmd_mailsplit },
+	{ "merge", cmd_merge, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-base", cmd_merge_base, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "merge-file", cmd_merge_file, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "merge-index", cmd_merge_index, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "merge-ours", cmd_merge_ours, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "merge-recursive", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-recursive-ours", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-recursive-theirs", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-subtree", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-tree", cmd_merge_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "mktag", cmd_mktag, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "mktree", cmd_mktree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "mv", cmd_mv, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "name-rev", cmd_name_rev, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "notes", cmd_notes, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "pack-objects", cmd_pack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "pack-redundant", cmd_pack_redundant, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "pack-refs", cmd_pack_refs, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "patch-id", cmd_patch_id },
+	{ "pickaxe", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "prune", cmd_prune, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "prune-packed", cmd_prune_packed, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "pull", cmd_pull, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "push", cmd_push, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "read-tree", cmd_read_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "receive-pack", cmd_receive_pack },
+	{ "reflog", cmd_reflog, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "remote", cmd_remote, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "remote-ext", cmd_remote_ext },
+	{ "remote-fd", cmd_remote_fd },
+	{ "repack", cmd_repack, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "replace", cmd_replace, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "rerere", cmd_rerere, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "reset", cmd_reset, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "rev-list", cmd_rev_list, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "rev-parse", cmd_rev_parse },
+	{ "revert", cmd_revert, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "rm", cmd_rm, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "send-pack", cmd_send_pack, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY | USE_PAGER },
+	{ "show", cmd_show, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "show-ref", cmd_show_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "stage", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "status", cmd_status, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "stripspace", cmd_stripspace },
+	{ "submodule--helper", cmd_submodule__helper, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "symbolic-ref", cmd_symbolic_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "tag", cmd_tag, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "unpack-file", cmd_unpack_file, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "unpack-objects", cmd_unpack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "update-index", cmd_update_index, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "update-ref", cmd_update_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "update-server-info", cmd_update_server_info, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "upload-archive", cmd_upload_archive },
+	{ "upload-archive--writer", cmd_upload_archive_writer },
+	{ "var", cmd_var, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "verify-commit", cmd_verify_commit, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "verify-pack", cmd_verify_pack },
+	{ "verify-tag", cmd_verify_tag, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "version", cmd_version },
+	{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "worktree", cmd_worktree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+};
+
+static struct cmd_struct *get_builtin(const char *s)
 {
-	const char *cmd = argv[0];
-	static struct cmd_struct commands[] = {
-		{ "add", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "annotate", cmd_annotate, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "apply", cmd_apply, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "archive", cmd_archive },
-		{ "bisect--helper", cmd_bisect__helper, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "blame", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "branch", cmd_branch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "bundle", cmd_bundle, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "check-attr", cmd_check_attr, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
-		{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
-			RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE},
-		{ "cherry", cmd_cherry, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "cherry-pick", cmd_cherry_pick, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "clean", cmd_clean, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "clone", cmd_clone },
-		{ "commit", cmd_commit, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "config", cmd_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "describe", cmd_describe, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "diff", cmd_diff },
-		{ "diff-files", cmd_diff_files, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "diff-index", cmd_diff_index, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "diff-tree", cmd_diff_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fast-export", cmd_fast_export, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fetch", cmd_fetch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fetch-pack", cmd_fetch_pack, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fmt-merge-msg", cmd_fmt_merge_msg, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "for-each-ref", cmd_for_each_ref, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "format-patch", cmd_format_patch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fsck", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fsck-objects", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "gc", cmd_gc, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "get-tar-commit-id", cmd_get_tar_commit_id },
-		{ "grep", cmd_grep, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "hash-object", cmd_hash_object },
-		{ "help", cmd_help },
-		{ "index-pack", cmd_index_pack, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "init", cmd_init_db },
-		{ "init-db", cmd_init_db },
-		{ "log", cmd_log, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "ls-files", cmd_ls_files, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "ls-remote", cmd_ls_remote, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "ls-tree", cmd_ls_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "mailinfo", cmd_mailinfo },
-		{ "mailsplit", cmd_mailsplit },
-		{ "merge", cmd_merge, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-base", cmd_merge_base, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "merge-file", cmd_merge_file, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "merge-index", cmd_merge_index, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "merge-ours", cmd_merge_ours, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "merge-recursive", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-recursive-ours", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-recursive-theirs", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-subtree", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-tree", cmd_merge_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "mktag", cmd_mktag, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "mktree", cmd_mktree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "mv", cmd_mv, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "name-rev", cmd_name_rev, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "notes", cmd_notes, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "pack-objects", cmd_pack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "pack-redundant", cmd_pack_redundant, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "pack-refs", cmd_pack_refs, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "patch-id", cmd_patch_id },
-		{ "peek-remote", cmd_ls_remote, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "pickaxe", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "prune", cmd_prune, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "prune-packed", cmd_prune_packed, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "push", cmd_push, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "read-tree", cmd_read_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "receive-pack", cmd_receive_pack },
-		{ "reflog", cmd_reflog, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "remote", cmd_remote, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "remote-ext", cmd_remote_ext },
-		{ "remote-fd", cmd_remote_fd },
-		{ "replace", cmd_replace, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "repo-config", cmd_repo_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "rerere", cmd_rerere, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "reset", cmd_reset, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "rev-list", cmd_rev_list, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "rev-parse", cmd_rev_parse },
-		{ "revert", cmd_revert, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "rm", cmd_rm, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "send-pack", cmd_send_pack, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY | USE_PAGER },
-		{ "show", cmd_show, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "show-ref", cmd_show_ref, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "stage", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "status", cmd_status, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "stripspace", cmd_stripspace },
-		{ "symbolic-ref", cmd_symbolic_ref, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "tag", cmd_tag, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "tar-tree", cmd_tar_tree },
-		{ "unpack-file", cmd_unpack_file, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "unpack-objects", cmd_unpack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "update-index", cmd_update_index, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "update-ref", cmd_update_ref, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "update-server-info", cmd_update_server_info, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "upload-archive", cmd_upload_archive },
-		{ "upload-archive--writer", cmd_upload_archive_writer },
-		{ "var", cmd_var, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "verify-pack", cmd_verify_pack },
-		{ "verify-tag", cmd_verify_tag, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "version", cmd_version },
-		{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-	};
 	int i;
-	static const char ext[] = STRIP_EXTENSION;
-
-	if (sizeof(ext) > 1) {
-		i = strlen(argv[0]) - strlen(ext);
-		if (i > 0 && !strcmp(argv[0] + i, ext)) {
-			char *argv0 = xstrdup(argv[0]);
-			argv[0] = cmd = argv0;
-			argv0[i] = '\0';
-		}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++) {
+		struct cmd_struct *p = commands + i;
+		if (!strcmp(s, p->cmd))
+			return p;
 	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int is_builtin(const char *s)
+{
+	return !!get_builtin(s);
+}
+
+#ifdef STRIP_EXTENSION
+static void strip_extension(const char **argv)
+{
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (strip_suffix(argv[0], STRIP_EXTENSION, &len))
+		argv[0] = xmemdupz(argv[0], len);
+}
+#else
+#define strip_extension(cmd)
+#endif
+
+static void handle_builtin(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *cmd;
+	struct cmd_struct *builtin;
+
+	strip_extension(argv);
+	cmd = argv[0];
 
 	/* Turn "git cmd --help" into "git help cmd" */
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
@@ -460,12 +534,9 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		argv[0] = cmd = "help";
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++) {
-		struct cmd_struct *p = commands+i;
-		if (strcmp(p->cmd, cmd))
-			continue;
-		exit(run_builtin(p, argc, argv));
-	}
+	builtin = get_builtin(cmd);
+	if (builtin)
+		exit(run_builtin(builtin, argc, argv));
 }
 
 static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
@@ -495,7 +566,7 @@ static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
 	 * if we fail because the command is not found, it is
 	 * OK to return. Otherwise, we just pass along the status code.
 	 */
-	status = run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
+	status = run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE | RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT);
 	if (status >= 0 || errno != ENOENT)
 		exit(status);
 
@@ -509,8 +580,17 @@ static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 	int done_alias = 0;
 
 	while (1) {
-		/* See if it's an internal command */
-		handle_internal_command(*argcp, *argv);
+		/*
+		 * If we tried alias and futzed with our environment,
+		 * it no longer is safe to invoke builtins directly in
+		 * general.  We have to spawn them as dashed externals.
+		 *
+		 * NEEDSWORK: if we can figure out cases
+		 * where it is safe to do, we can avoid spawning a new
+		 * process.
+		 */
+		if (!done_alias)
+			handle_builtin(*argcp, *argv);
 
 		/* .. then try the external ones */
 		execv_dashed_external(*argv);
@@ -519,7 +599,9 @@ static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 		 * of overriding "git log" with "git show" by having
 		 * alias.log = show
 		 */
-		if (done_alias || !handle_alias(argcp, argv))
+		if (done_alias)
+			break;
+		if (!handle_alias(argcp, argv))
 			break;
 		done_alias = 1;
 	}
@@ -527,19 +609,50 @@ static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 	return done_alias;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Many parts of Git have subprograms communicate via pipe, expect the
+ * upstream of a pipe to die with SIGPIPE when the downstream of a
+ * pipe does not need to read all that is written.  Some third-party
+ * programs that ignore or block SIGPIPE for their own reason forget
+ * to restore SIGPIPE handling to the default before spawning Git and
+ * break this carefully orchestrated machinery.
+ *
+ * Restore the way SIGPIPE is handled to default, which is what we
+ * expect.
+ */
+static void restore_sigpipe_to_default(void)
+{
+	sigset_t unblock;
+
+	sigemptyset(&unblock);
+	sigaddset(&unblock, SIGPIPE);
+	sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &unblock, NULL);
+	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+}
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **av)
 {
+	const char **argv = (const char **) av;
 	const char *cmd;
-
-	startup_info = &git_startup_info;
+	int done_help = 0;
 
 	cmd = git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 	if (!cmd)
 		cmd = "git-help";
 
+	/*
+	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
+	 * in die().  It also avoids messing up when the pipes are dup'ed
+	 * onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 */
+	sanitize_stdfds();
+
+	restore_sigpipe_to_default();
+
 	git_setup_gettext();
 
+	trace_command_performance(argv);
+
 	/*
 	 * "git-xxxx" is the same as "git xxxx", but we obviously:
 	 *
@@ -547,14 +660,13 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	 *  - cannot execute it externally (since it would just do
 	 *    the same thing over again)
 	 *
-	 * So we just directly call the internal command handler, and
-	 * die if that one cannot handle it.
+	 * So we just directly call the builtin handler, and die if
+	 * that one cannot handle it.
 	 */
-	if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "git-")) {
-		cmd += 4;
+	if (skip_prefix(cmd, "git-", &cmd)) {
 		argv[0] = cmd;
-		handle_internal_command(argc, argv);
-		die("cannot handle %s internally", cmd);
+		handle_builtin(argc, argv);
+		die("cannot handle %s as a builtin", cmd);
 	}
 
 	/* Look for flags.. */
@@ -562,14 +674,14 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	argc--;
 	handle_options(&argv, &argc, NULL);
 	if (argc > 0) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(argv[0], "--"))
-			argv[0] += 2;
+		/* translate --help and --version into commands */
+		skip_prefix(argv[0], "--", &argv[0]);
 	} else {
 		/* The user didn't specify a command; give them help */
 		commit_pager_choice();
 		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
 		list_common_cmds_help();
-		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		printf("\n%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	cmd = argv[0];
@@ -583,9 +695,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	setup_path();
 
 	while (1) {
-		static int done_help = 0;
-		static int was_alias = 0;
-		was_alias = run_argv(&argc, &argv);
+		int was_alias = run_argv(&argc, &argv);
 		if (errno != ENOENT)
 			break;
 		if (was_alias) {
diff --git a/git.rc b/git.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33aafb786c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+1 VERSIONINFO
+FILEVERSION     MAJOR,MINOR,0,0
+PRODUCTVERSION  MAJOR,MINOR,0,0
+BEGIN
+  BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    BLOCK "040904b0"   /* LANG_ENGLISH/SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US, Unicode CP */
+    BEGIN
+      VALUE "CompanyName", "The Git Development Community\0"
+      VALUE "FileDescription", "Git for Windows\0"
+      VALUE "InternalName", "git\0"
+      VALUE "OriginalFilename", "git.exe\0"
+      VALUE "ProductName", "Git\0"
+      VALUE "ProductVersion", GIT_VERSION "\0"
+    END
+  END
+
+  BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    VALUE "Translation", 0x409, 1200
+  END
+END
diff --git a/git.spec.in b/git.spec.in
deleted file mode 100644
index c562c62284..0000000000
--- a/git.spec.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,328 +0,0 @@
-# Pass --without docs to rpmbuild if you don't want the documentation
-
-Name: 		git
-Version: 	@@VERSION@@
-Release: 	1%{?dist}
-Summary:  	Core git tools
-License: 	GPL
-Group: 		Development/Tools
-URL: 		http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/
-Source: 	http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
-BuildRequires:	zlib-devel >= 1.2, openssl-devel, curl-devel, expat-devel, gettext  %{!?_without_docs:, xmlto, asciidoc > 6.0.3}
-BuildRoot:	%{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root-%(%{__id_u} -n)
-
-Requires:	perl-Git = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:	zlib >= 1.2, rsync, less, openssh-clients, expat
-Provides:	git-core = %{version}-%{release}
-Obsoletes:	git-core <= 1.5.4.2
-Obsoletes:	git-p4
-
-%description
-Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
-unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
-and full access to internals.
-
-The git rpm installs the core tools with minimal dependencies.  To
-install all git packages, including tools for integrating with other
-SCMs, install the git-all meta-package.
-
-%package all
-Summary:	Meta-package to pull in all git tools
-Group:		Development/Tools
-Requires:	git = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:	git-svn = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:	git-cvs = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:	git-arch = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:	git-email = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:	gitk = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:	gitweb = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:	git-gui = %{version}-%{release}
-Obsoletes:	git <= 1.5.4.2
-
-%description all
-Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
-unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
-and full access to internals.
-
-This is a dummy package which brings in all subpackages.
-
-%package svn
-Summary:        Git tools for importing Subversion repositories
-Group:          Development/Tools
-Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, subversion
-%description svn
-Git tools for importing Subversion repositories.
-
-%package cvs
-Summary:        Git tools for importing CVS repositories
-Group:          Development/Tools
-Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, cvs, cvsps
-%description cvs
-Git tools for importing CVS repositories.
-
-%package arch
-Summary:        Git tools for importing Arch repositories
-Group:          Development/Tools
-Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, tla
-%description arch
-Git tools for importing Arch repositories.
-
-%package email
-Summary:        Git tools for sending email
-Group:          Development/Tools
-Requires:	git = %{version}-%{release}
-%description email
-Git tools for sending email.
-
-%package gui
-Summary:        Git GUI tool
-Group:          Development/Tools
-Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, tk >= 8.4
-%description gui
-Git GUI tool
-
-%package -n gitk
-Summary:        Git revision tree visualiser ('gitk')
-Group:          Development/Tools
-Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, tk >= 8.4
-%description -n gitk
-Git revision tree visualiser ('gitk')
-
-%package -n gitweb
-Summary:	Git web interface
-Group:          Development/Tools
-Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}
-%description -n gitweb
-Browsing git repository on the web
-
-%package -n perl-Git
-Summary:        Perl interface to Git
-Group:          Development/Libraries
-Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}
-Requires:       perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_%(eval "`%{__perl} -V:version`"; echo $version))
-BuildRequires:  perl(Error)
-
-%description -n perl-Git
-Perl interface to Git
-
-%define path_settings ETC_GITCONFIG=/etc/gitconfig prefix=%{_prefix} mandir=%{_mandir} htmldir=%{_docdir}/%{name}-%{version}
-%{!?python_sitelib: %global python_sitelib %(%{__python} -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print get_python_lib()")}
-
-%prep
-%setup -q
-
-%build
-make %{_smp_mflags} CFLAGS="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS" \
-     %{path_settings} \
-     all %{!?_without_docs: doc}
-
-%install
-rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
-make %{_smp_mflags} CFLAGS="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS" DESTDIR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT \
-     %{path_settings} \
-     INSTALLDIRS=vendor install %{!?_without_docs: install-doc}
-test ! -d $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{python_sitelib} || rm -fr $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{python_sitelib}
-find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT -type f -name .packlist -exec rm -f {} ';'
-find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT -type f -name '*.bs' -empty -exec rm -f {} ';'
-find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT -type f -name perllocal.pod -exec rm -f {} ';'
-
-(find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_bindir} -type f | grep -vE "archimport|svn|cvs|email|gitk|git-gui|git-citool" | sed -e s@^$RPM_BUILD_ROOT@@)               > bin-man-doc-files
-(find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_libexecdir}/git-core -type f | grep -vE "archimport|svn|cvs|email|gitk|git-gui|git-citool" | sed -e s@^$RPM_BUILD_ROOT@@)               >> bin-man-doc-files
-(find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{perl_vendorlib} -type f | sed -e s@^$RPM_BUILD_ROOT@@) >> perl-files
-%if %{!?_without_docs:1}0
-(find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mandir} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/Documentation -type f | grep -vE "archimport|svn|git-cvs|email|gitk|git-gui|git-citool" | sed -e s@^$RPM_BUILD_ROOT@@ -e 's/$/*/' ) >> bin-man-doc-files
-%else
-rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mandir}
-%endif
-
-mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_sysconfdir}/bash_completion.d
-install -m 644 -T contrib/completion/git-completion.bash $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_sysconfdir}/bash_completion.d/git
-
-%clean
-rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
-
-%files -f bin-man-doc-files
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-%{_datadir}/git-core/
-%doc README COPYING Documentation/*.txt
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*.html Documentation/howto}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/technical}
-%{_sysconfdir}/bash_completion.d
-
-%files svn
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-%{_libexecdir}/git-core/*svn*
-%doc Documentation/*svn*.txt
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*svn*.1*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*svn*.html }
-
-%files cvs
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-%doc Documentation/*git-cvs*.txt
-%{_bindir}/git-cvsserver
-%{_libexecdir}/git-core/*cvs*
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*cvs*.1*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*git-cvs*.html }
-
-%files arch
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-%doc Documentation/git-archimport.txt
-%{_libexecdir}/git-core/git-archimport
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/git-archimport.1*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/git-archimport.html }
-
-%files email
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-%doc Documentation/*email*.txt
-%{_libexecdir}/git-core/*email*
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*email*.1*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*email*.html }
-
-%files gui
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-%{_libexecdir}/git-core/git-gui
-%{_libexecdir}/git-core/git-citool
-%{_libexecdir}/git-core/git-gui--askpass
-%{_datadir}/git-gui/
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/git-gui.1*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/git-gui.html}
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/git-citool.1*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/git-citool.html}
-
-%files -n gitk
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-%doc Documentation/*gitk*.txt
-%{_bindir}/*gitk*
-%{_datadir}/gitk/
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*gitk*.1*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*gitk*.html }
-
-%files -n gitweb
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-%doc gitweb/README gitweb/INSTALL Documentation/*gitweb*.txt
-%{_datadir}/gitweb
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*gitweb*.1*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man5/*gitweb*.5*}
-%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*gitweb*.html }
-
-%files -n perl-Git -f perl-files
-%defattr(-,root,root)
-
-%files all
-# No files for you!
-
-%changelog
-* Sun Sep 18 2011 Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com>
-- Add gitweb manpages to 'gitweb' subpackage
-
-* Wed Jun 30 2010 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
-- Add 'gitweb' subpackage.
-
-* Fri Mar 26 2010 Ian Ward Comfort <icomfort@stanford.edu>
-- Ship bash completion support from contrib/ in the core package.
-
-* Sun Jan 31 2010 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
-- Do not use %define inside %{!?...} construct.
-
-* Sat Jan 30 2010 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
-- We don't ship Python bits until a real foreign scm interface comes.
-
-* Mon Feb 04 2009 David J. Mellor <dmellor@whistlingcat.com>
-- fixed broken git help -w after renaming the git-core package to git.
-
-* Fri Sep 12 2008 Quy Tonthat <qtonthat@gmail.com>
-- move git-cvsserver to bindir.
-
-* Sun Jun 15 2008 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
-- Remove curl from Requires list.
-
-* Fri Feb 15 2008 Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
-- Rename git-core to just git and rename meta package from git to git-all.
-
-* Sun Feb 03 2008 James Bowes <jbowes@dangerouslyinc.com>
-- Add a BuildRequires for gettext
-
-* Fri Jan 11 2008 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
-- Include gitk message files
-
-* Sun Jan 06 2008 James Bowes <jbowes@dangerouslyinc.com>
-- Make the metapackage require the same version of the subpackages.
-
-* Wed Dec 12 2007 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
-- Adjust htmldir to point at /usr/share/doc/git-core-$version/
-
-* Sun Jul 15 2007 Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
-- Removed p4import.
-
-* Tue Jun 26 2007 Quy Tonthat <qtonthat@gmail.com>
-- Fixed problems looking for wrong manpages.
-
-* Thu Jun 21 2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
-- Added documentation files for git-gui
-
-* Tue May 13 2007 Quy Tonthat <qtonthat@gmail.com>
-- Added lib files for git-gui
-- Added Documentation/technical (As needed by Git Users Manual)
-
-* Tue May 8 2007 Quy Tonthat <qtonthat@gmail.com>
-- Added howto files
-
-* Tue Mar 27 2007 Eygene Ryabinkin <rea-git@codelabs.ru>
-- Added the git-p4 package: Perforce import stuff.
-
-* Mon Feb 13 2007 Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
-- Update core package description (Git isn't as stupid as it used to be)
-
-* Mon Feb 12 2007 Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
-- Add git-gui and git-citool.
-
-* Mon Nov 14 2005 H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> 0.99.9j-1
-- Change subpackage names to git-<name> instead of git-core-<name>
-- Create empty root package which brings in all subpackages
-- Rename git-tk -> gitk
-
-* Thu Nov 10 2005 Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org> 0.99.9g-1
-- zlib dependency fix
-- Minor cleanups from split
-- Move arch import to separate package as well
-
-* Tue Sep 27 2005 Jim Radford <radford@blackbean.org>
-- Move programs with non-standard dependencies (svn, cvs, email)
-  into separate packages
-
-* Tue Sep 27 2005 H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
-- parallelize build
-- COPTS -> CFLAGS
-
-* Fri Sep 16 2005 Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org> 0.99.6-1
-- update to 0.99.6
-
-* Fri Sep 16 2005 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
-- Linus noticed that less is required, added to the dependencies
-
-* Sun Sep 11 2005 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
-- Updated dependencies
-- Don't assume manpages are gzipped
-
-* Thu Aug 18 2005 Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org> 0.99.4-4
-- drop sh_utils, sh-utils, diffutils, mktemp, and openssl Requires
-- use RPM_OPT_FLAGS in spec file, drop patch0
-
-* Wed Aug 17 2005 Tom "spot" Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com> 0.99.4-3
-- use dist tag to differentiate between branches
-- use rpm optflags by default (patch0)
-- own %{_datadir}/git-core/
-
-* Mon Aug 15 2005 Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org>
-- update spec file to fix Buildroot, Requires, and drop Vendor
-
-* Sun Aug 07 2005 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
-- Redid the description
-- Cut overlong make line, loosened changelog a bit
-- I think Junio (or perhaps OSDL?) should be vendor...
-
-* Thu Jul 14 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
-- Add the man pages, and the --without docs build option
-
-* Wed Jul 7 2005 Chris Wright <chris@osdl.org>
-- initial git spec file
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore b/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 2247d5f95a..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-/build
-/dist
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile b/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 74b05dc91e..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Makefile for the git_remote_helpers python support modules
-#
-pysetupfile:=setup.py
-
-# Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
-DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
-
-ifndef PYTHON_PATH
-	ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-		PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	else
-		PYTHON_PATH = /usr/bin/python
-	endif
-endif
-ifndef prefix
-	prefix = $(HOME)
-endif
-ifndef V
-	QUIET = @
-	QUIETSETUP = --quiet
-endif
-
-PYLIBDIR=$(shell $(PYTHON_PATH) -c \
-	 "import sys; \
-	 print 'lib/python%i.%i/site-packages' % sys.version_info[:2]")
-
-all: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) build
-
-install: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) install --prefix $(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)
-
-instlibdir: $(pysetupfile)
-	@echo "$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)/$(PYLIBDIR)"
-
-clean:
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) clean -a
-	$(RM) *.pyo *.pyc
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 00f69cbeda..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Support library package for git remote helpers.
-
-Git remote helpers are helper commands that interfaces with a non-git
-repository to provide automatic import of non-git history into a Git
-repository.
-
-This package provides the support library needed by these helpers..
-The following modules are included:
-
-- git.git - Interaction with Git repositories
-
-- util - General utility functionality use by the other modules in
-         this package, and also used directly by the helpers.
-"""
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ee5f96d4c..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call
-
-
-class GitExporter(object):
-    """An exporter for testgit repositories.
-
-    The exporter simply delegates to git fast-export.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new exporter for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def export_repo(self, base, refs=None):
-        """Exports a fast-export stream for the given directory.
-
-        Simply delegates to git fast-epxort and pipes it through sed
-        to make the refs show up under the prefix rather than the
-        default refs/heads. This is to demonstrate how the export
-        data can be stored under it's own ref (using the refspec
-        capability).
-
-        If None, refs defaults to ["HEAD"].
-        """
-
-        if not refs:
-            refs = ["HEAD"]
-
-        dirname = self.repo.get_base_path(base)
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks'))
-
-        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-        print "feature relative-marks"
-        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks')):
-            print "feature import-marks=%s/git.marks" % self.repo.hash
-        print "feature export-marks=%s/git.marks" % self.repo.hash
-        sys.stdout.flush()
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + self.repo.gitpath, "fast-export", "--export-marks=" + path]
-
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            args.append("--import-marks=" + path)
-
-        args.extend(refs)
-
-        p1 = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-
-        args = ["sed", "s_refs/heads/_" + self.repo.prefix + "_g"]
-
-        check_call(args, stdin=p1.stdout)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 007a1bfdf3..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,678 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Functionality for interacting with Git repositories.
-
-This module provides classes for interfacing with a Git repository.
-"""
-
-import os
-import re
-import time
-from binascii import hexlify
-from cStringIO import StringIO
-import unittest
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import debug, error, die, start_command, run_command
-
-
-def get_git_dir ():
-    """Return the path to the GIT_DIR for this repo."""
-    args = ("git", "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
-    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(args)
-    if exit_code:
-        die("Failed to retrieve git dir")
-    assert not errors
-    return output.strip()
-
-
-def parse_git_config ():
-    """Return a dict containing the parsed version of 'git config -l'."""
-    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(("git", "config", "-z", "-l"))
-    if exit_code:
-        die("Failed to retrieve git configuration")
-    assert not errors
-    return dict([e.split('\n', 1) for e in output.split("\0") if e])
-
-
-def git_config_bool (value):
-    """Convert the given git config string value to True or False.
-
-    Raise ValueError if the given string was not recognized as a
-    boolean value.
-
-    """
-    norm_value = str(value).strip().lower()
-    if norm_value in ("true", "1", "yes", "on", ""):
-        return True
-    if norm_value in ("false", "0", "no", "off", "none"):
-        return False
-    raise ValueError("Failed to parse '%s' into a boolean value" % (value))
-
-
-def valid_git_ref (ref_name):
-    """Return True iff the given ref name is a valid git ref name."""
-    # The following is a reimplementation of the git check-ref-format
-    # command.  The rules were derived from the git check-ref-format(1)
-    # manual page.  This code should be replaced by a call to
-    # check_refname_format() in the git library, when such is available.
-    if ref_name.endswith('/') or \
-       ref_name.startswith('.') or \
-       ref_name.count('/.') or \
-       ref_name.count('..') or \
-       ref_name.endswith('.lock'):
-        return False
-    for c in ref_name:
-        if ord(c) < 0x20 or ord(c) == 0x7f or c in " ~^:?*[":
-            return False
-    return True
-
-
-class GitObjectFetcher(object):
-
-    """Provide parsed access to 'git cat-file --batch'.
-
-    This provides a read-only interface to the Git object database.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self):
-        """Initiate a 'git cat-file --batch' session."""
-        self.queue = []  # List of object names to be submitted
-        self.in_transit = None  # Object name currently in transit
-
-        # 'git cat-file --batch' produces binary output which is likely
-        # to be corrupted by the default "rU"-mode pipe opened by
-        # start_command.  (Mode == "rU" does universal new-line
-        # conversion, which mangles carriage returns.) Therefore, we
-        # open an explicitly binary-safe pipe for transferring the
-        # output from 'git cat-file --batch'.
-        pipe_r_fd, pipe_w_fd = os.pipe()
-        pipe_r = os.fdopen(pipe_r_fd, "rb")
-        pipe_w = os.fdopen(pipe_w_fd, "wb")
-        self.proc = start_command(("git", "cat-file", "--batch"),
-                                  stdout = pipe_w)
-        self.f = pipe_r
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify completed communication with 'git cat-file --batch'."""
-        assert not self.queue
-        assert self.in_transit is None
-        self.proc.stdin.close()
-        assert self.proc.wait() == 0  # Zero exit code
-        assert self.f.read() == ""  # No remaining output
-
-    def _submit_next_object (self):
-        """Submit queue items to the 'git cat-file --batch' process.
-
-        If there are items in the queue, and there is currently no item
-        currently in 'transit', then pop the first item off the queue,
-        and submit it.
-
-        """
-        if self.queue and self.in_transit is None:
-            self.in_transit = self.queue.pop(0)
-            print >> self.proc.stdin, self.in_transit[0]
-
-    def push (self, obj, callback):
-        """Push the given object name onto the queue.
-
-        The given callback function will at some point in the future
-        be called exactly once with the following arguments:
-        - self - this GitObjectFetcher instance
-        - obj  - the object name provided to push()
-        - sha1 - the SHA1 of the object, if 'None' obj is missing
-        - t    - the type of the object (tag/commit/tree/blob)
-        - size - the size of the object in bytes
-        - data - the object contents
-
-        """
-        self.queue.append((obj, callback))
-        self._submit_next_object()  # (Re)start queue processing
-
-    def process_next_entry (self):
-        """Read the next entry off the queue and invoke callback."""
-        obj, cb = self.in_transit
-        self.in_transit = None
-        header = self.f.readline()
-        if header == "%s missing\n" % (obj):
-            cb(self, obj, None, None, None, None)
-            return
-        sha1, t, size = header.split(" ")
-        assert len(sha1) == 40
-        assert t in ("tag", "commit", "tree", "blob")
-        assert size.endswith("\n")
-        size = int(size.strip())
-        data = self.f.read(size)
-        assert self.f.read(1) == "\n"
-        cb(self, obj, sha1, t, size, data)
-        self._submit_next_object()
-
-    def process (self):
-        """Process the current queue until empty."""
-        while self.in_transit is not None:
-            self.process_next_entry()
-
-    # High-level convenience methods:
-
-    def get_sha1 (self, objspec):
-        """Return the SHA1 of the object specified by 'objspec'.
-
-        Return None if 'objspec' does not specify an existing object.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for getting the returned SHA1."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser):
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.sha1 = None
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                # FIXME: Many unused arguments. Could this be cheaper?
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                self.sha1 = sha1
-
-        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
-        self.push(objspec, handler)
-        self.process()
-        return handler.sha1
-
-    def open_obj (self, objspec):
-        """Return a file object wrapping the contents of a named object.
-
-        The caller is responsible for calling .close() on the returned
-        file object.
-
-        Raise KeyError if 'objspec' does not exist in the repo.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for parsing the returned git object."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser):
-                """Set up helper."""
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.contents = StringIO()
-                self.err = None
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                if not sha1:  # Missing object
-                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % obj
-                else:
-                    assert size == len(data)
-                    self.contents.write(data)
-
-        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
-        self.push(objspec, handler)
-        self.process()
-        if handler.err:
-            raise KeyError(handler.err)
-        handler.contents.seek(0)
-        return handler.contents
-
-    def walk_tree (self, tree_objspec, callback, prefix = ""):
-        """Recursively walk the given Git tree object.
-
-        Recursively walk all subtrees of the given tree object, and
-        invoke the given callback passing three arguments:
-        (path, mode, data) with the path, permission bits, and contents
-        of all the blobs found in the entire tree structure.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for walking a git tree structure."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser, cb, path, mode = None):
-                """Set up helper."""
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.cb = cb
-                self.path = path
-                self.mode = mode
-                self.err = None
-
-            def parse_tree (self, treedata):
-                """Parse tree object data, yield tree entries.
-
-                Each tree entry is a 3-tuple (mode, sha1, path)
-
-                self.path is prepended to all paths yielded
-                from this method.
-
-                """
-                while treedata:
-                    mode = int(treedata[:6], 10)
-                    # Turn 100xxx into xxx
-                    if mode > 100000:
-                        mode -= 100000
-                    assert treedata[6] == " "
-                    i = treedata.find("\0", 7)
-                    assert i > 0
-                    path = treedata[7:i]
-                    sha1 = hexlify(treedata[i + 1: i + 21])
-                    yield (mode, sha1, self.path + path)
-                    treedata = treedata[i + 21:]
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                if not sha1:  # Missing object
-                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % (obj)
-                    return
-                assert size == len(data)
-                if t == "tree":
-                    if self.path:
-                        self.path += "/"
-                    # Recurse into all blobs and subtrees
-                    for m, s, p in self.parse_tree(data):
-                        parser.push(s,
-                                    self.__class__(self.parser, self.cb, p, m))
-                elif t == "blob":
-                    self.cb(self.path, self.mode, data)
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError("Unknown object type '%s'" % (t))
-
-        self.push(tree_objspec, _ObjHandler(self, callback, prefix))
-        self.process()
-
-
-class GitRefMap(object):
-
-    """Map Git ref names to the Git object names they currently point to.
-
-    Behaves like a dictionary of Git ref names -> Git object names.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, obj_fetcher):
-        """Create a new Git ref -> object map."""
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher
-        self._cache = {}  # dict: refname -> objname
-
-    def _load (self, ref):
-        """Retrieve the object currently bound to the given ref.
-
-        The name of the object pointed to by the given ref is stored
-        into this mapping, and also returned.
-
-        """
-        if ref not in self._cache:
-            self._cache[ref] = self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(ref)
-        return self._cache[ref]
-
-    def __contains__ (self, refname):
-        """Return True if the given refname is present in this cache."""
-        return bool(self._load(refname))
-
-    def __getitem__ (self, refname):
-        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
-        commit = self._load(refname)
-        if commit is None:
-            raise KeyError("Unknown ref '%s'" % (refname))
-        return commit
-
-    def get (self, refname, default = None):
-        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
-        commit = self._load(refname)
-        if commit is None:
-            return default
-        return commit
-
-
-class GitFICommit(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate the data in a Git fast-import commit command."""
-
-    SHA1RE = re.compile(r'^[0-9a-f]{40}$')
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_mode (cls, mode):
-        """Verify the given git file mode, and return it as a string."""
-        assert mode in (644, 755, 100644, 100755, 120000)
-        return "%i" % (mode)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_objname (cls, objname):
-        """Return the given object name (or mark number) as a string."""
-        if isinstance(objname, int):  # Object name is a mark number
-            assert objname > 0
-            return ":%i" % (objname)
-
-        # No existence check is done, only checks for valid format
-        assert cls.SHA1RE.match(objname)  # Object name is valid SHA1
-        return objname
-
-    @classmethod
-    def quote_path (cls, path):
-        """Return a quoted version of the given path."""
-        path = path.replace("\\", "\\\\")
-        path = path.replace("\n", "\\n")
-        path = path.replace('"', '\\"')
-        return '"%s"' % (path)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_path (cls, path):
-        """Verify that the given path is valid, and quote it, if needed."""
-        assert not isinstance(path, int)  # Cannot be a mark number
-
-        # These checks verify the rules on the fast-import man page
-        assert not path.count("//")
-        assert not path.endswith("/")
-        assert not path.startswith("/")
-        assert not path.count("/./")
-        assert not path.count("/../")
-        assert not path.endswith("/.")
-        assert not path.endswith("/..")
-        assert not path.startswith("./")
-        assert not path.startswith("../")
-
-        if path.count('"') + path.count('\n') + path.count('\\'):
-            return cls.quote_path(path)
-        return path
-
-    def __init__ (self, name, email, timestamp, timezone, message):
-        """Create a new Git fast-import commit, with the given metadata."""
-        self.name = name
-        self.email = email
-        self.timestamp = timestamp
-        self.timezone = timezone
-        self.message = message
-        self.pathops = []  # List of path operations in this commit
-
-    def modify (self, mode, blobname, path):
-        """Add a file modification to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("M",
-                             self.parse_mode(mode),
-                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
-                             self.parse_path(path)))
-
-    def delete (self, path):
-        """Add a file deletion to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("D", self.parse_path(path)))
-
-    def copy (self, path, newpath):
-        """Add a file copy to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("C",
-                             self.parse_path(path),
-                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
-
-    def rename (self, path, newpath):
-        """Add a file rename to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("R",
-                             self.parse_path(path),
-                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
-
-    def note (self, blobname, commit):
-        """Add a note object to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("N",
-                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
-                             self.parse_objname(commit)))
-
-    def deleteall (self):
-        """Delete all files in this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append("deleteall")
-
-
-class TestGitFICommit(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """GitFICommit selftests."""
-
-    def test_basic (self):
-        """GitFICommit basic selftests."""
-
-        def expect_fail (method, data):
-            """Verify that the method(data) raises an AssertionError."""
-            try:
-                method(data)
-            except AssertionError:
-                return
-            raise AssertionError("Failed test for invalid data '%s(%s)'" %
-                                 (method.__name__, repr(data)))
-
-    def test_parse_mode (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_mode() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(644), "644")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(755), "755")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100644), "100644")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100755), "100755")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(120000), "120000")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 123)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 600)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "644")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "abc")
-
-    def test_parse_objname (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_objname() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname(1), ":1")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, -1)
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("0123456789" * 4),
-                         "0123456789" * 4)
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("2468abcdef" * 4),
-                         "2468abcdef" * 4)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname,
-                          "abcdefghij" * 4)
-
-    def test_parse_path (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_path() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("foo/bar"), "foo/bar")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("path/with\n and \" in it"),
-                         '"path/with\\n and \\" in it"')
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, -1)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo//bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "/foo/bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/./bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/../bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/.")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/..")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "./foo/bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "../foo/bar")
-
-
-class GitFastImport(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate communication with git fast-import."""
-
-    def __init__ (self, f, obj_fetcher, last_mark = 0):
-        """Set up self to communicate with a fast-import process through f."""
-        self.f = f  # File object where fast-import stream is written
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # GitObjectFetcher instance
-        self.next_mark = last_mark + 1  # Next mark number
-        self.refs = set()  # Keep track of the refnames we've seen
-
-    def comment (self, s):
-        """Write the given comment in the fast-import stream."""
-        assert "\n" not in s, "Malformed comment: '%s'" % (s)
-        self.f.write("# %s\n" % (s))
-
-    def commit (self, ref, commitdata):
-        """Make a commit on the given ref, with the given GitFICommit.
-
-        Return the mark number identifying this commit.
-
-        """
-        self.f.write("""\
-commit %(ref)s
-mark :%(mark)i
-committer %(name)s <%(email)s> %(timestamp)i %(timezone)s
-data %(msgLength)i
-%(msg)s
-""" % {
-    'ref': ref,
-    'mark': self.next_mark,
-    'name': commitdata.name,
-    'email': commitdata.email,
-    'timestamp': commitdata.timestamp,
-    'timezone': commitdata.timezone,
-    'msgLength': len(commitdata.message),
-    'msg': commitdata.message,
-})
-
-        if ref not in self.refs:
-            self.refs.add(ref)
-            parent = ref + "^0"
-            if self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(parent):
-                self.f.write("from %s\n" % (parent))
-
-        for op in commitdata.pathops:
-            self.f.write(" ".join(op))
-            self.f.write("\n")
-        self.f.write("\n")
-        retval = self.next_mark
-        self.next_mark += 1
-        return retval
-
-    def blob (self, data):
-        """Import the given blob.
-
-        Return the mark number identifying this blob.
-
-        """
-        self.f.write("blob\nmark :%i\ndata %i\n%s\n" %
-                     (self.next_mark, len(data), data))
-        retval = self.next_mark
-        self.next_mark += 1
-        return retval
-
-    def reset (self, ref, objname):
-        """Reset the given ref to point at the given Git object."""
-        self.f.write("reset %s\nfrom %s\n\n" %
-                     (ref, GitFICommit.parse_objname(objname)))
-        if ref not in self.refs:
-            self.refs.add(ref)
-
-
-class GitNotes(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate access to Git notes.
-
-    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
-        """Create a new Git notes interface, bound to the given notes ref."""
-        self.notes_ref = notes_ref
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # Used to get objects from repo
-        self.imports = []  # list: (objname, note data blob name) tuples
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify that self.commit_notes() was called before destruction."""
-        if self.imports:
-            error("Missing call to self.commit_notes().")
-            error("%i notes are not committed!", len(self.imports))
-
-    def _load (self, objname):
-        """Return the note data associated with the given git object.
-
-        The note data is returned in string form. If no note is found
-        for the given object, None is returned.
-
-        """
-        try:
-            f = self.obj_fetcher.open_obj("%s:%s" % (self.notes_ref, objname))
-            ret = f.read()
-            f.close()
-        except KeyError:
-            ret = None
-        return ret
-
-    def __getitem__ (self, objname):
-        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
-
-        Raise KeyError if given object has no associated note.
-
-        """
-        blobdata = self._load(objname)
-        if blobdata is None:
-            raise KeyError("Object '%s' has no note" % (objname))
-        return blobdata
-
-    def get (self, objname, default = None):
-        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
-
-        Return given default if given object has no associated note.
-
-        """
-        blobdata = self._load(objname)
-        if blobdata is None:
-            return default
-        return blobdata
-
-    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
-        """Tell git fast-import to store data as a note for objname.
-
-        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
-        blob containing the given note data.  Also an entry mapping the
-        given object name to the created blob is stored until
-        commit_notes() is called.
-
-        Note that this method only works if it is later followed by a
-        call to self.commit_notes() (which produces the note commit
-        that refers to the blob produced here).
-
-        """
-        if not data.endswith("\n"):
-            data += "\n"
-        gfi.comment("Importing note for object %s" % (objname))
-        mark = gfi.blob(data)
-        self.imports.append((objname, mark))
-
-    def commit_notes (self, gfi, author, message):
-        """Produce a git fast-import note commit for the imported notes.
-
-        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
-        commit on the notes ref, introducing the notes previously
-        submitted to import_note().
-
-        """
-        if not self.imports:
-            return
-        commitdata = GitFICommit(author[0], author[1],
-                                 time.time(), "0000", message)
-        for objname, blobname in self.imports:
-            assert isinstance(objname, int) and objname > 0
-            assert isinstance(blobname, int) and blobname > 0
-            commitdata.note(blobname, objname)
-        gfi.commit(self.notes_ref, commitdata)
-        self.imports = []
-
-
-class GitCachedNotes(GitNotes):
-
-    """Encapsulate access to Git notes (cached version).
-
-    Only use this class if no caching is done at a higher level.
-
-    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
-        """Set up a caching wrapper around GitNotes."""
-        GitNotes.__init__(self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher)
-        self._cache = {}  # Cache: object name -> note data
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify that GitNotes' destructor is called."""
-        GitNotes.__del__(self)
-
-    def _load (self, objname):
-        """Extend GitNotes._load() with a local objname -> note cache."""
-        if objname not in self._cache:
-            self._cache[objname] = GitNotes._load(self, objname)
-        return self._cache[objname]
-
-    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
-        """Extend GitNotes.import_note() with a local objname -> note cache."""
-        if not data.endswith("\n"):
-            data += "\n"
-        assert objname not in self._cache
-        self._cache[objname] = data
-        GitNotes.import_note(self, objname, data, gfi)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c6b595e16..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call, check_output
-
-
-class GitImporter(object):
-    """An importer for testgit repositories.
-
-    This importer simply delegates to git fast-import.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new importer for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def get_refs(self, gitdir):
-        """Returns a dictionary with refs.
-        """
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "for-each-ref", "refs/heads"]
-        lines = check_output(args).strip().split('\n')
-        refs = {}
-        for line in lines:
-            value, name = line.split(' ')
-            name = name.strip('commit\t')
-            refs[name] = value
-        return refs
-
-    def do_import(self, base):
-        """Imports a fast-import stream to the given directory.
-
-        Simply delegates to git fast-import.
-        """
-
-        dirname = self.repo.get_base_path(base)
-        if self.repo.local:
-            gitdir = self.repo.gitpath
-        else:
-            gitdir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, '.git'))
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks'))
-
-        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-        refs_before = self.get_refs(gitdir)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "fast-import", "--quiet", "--export-marks=" + path]
-
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            args.append("--import-marks=" + path)
-
-        check_call(args)
-
-        refs_after = self.get_refs(gitdir)
-
-        changed = {}
-
-        for name, value in refs_after.iteritems():
-            if refs_before.get(name) == value:
-                continue
-
-            changed[name] = value
-
-        return changed
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e70025095d..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call, die, warn
-
-
-class NonLocalGit(object):
-    """Handler to interact with non-local repos.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new non-local handler for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def clone(self, base):
-        """Clones the non-local repo to base.
-
-        Does nothing if a clone already exists.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        # already cloned
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            return path
-
-        os.makedirs(path)
-        args = ["git", "clone", "--bare", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath, path]
-
-        check_call(args)
-
-        return path
-
-    def update(self, base):
-        """Updates checkout of the non-local repo in base.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        if not os.path.exists(path):
-            die("could not find repo at %s", path)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "fetch", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath]
-        check_call(args)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "update-ref", "refs/heads/master", "FETCH_HEAD"]
-        child = check_call(args)
-
-    def push(self, base):
-        """Pushes from the non-local repo to base.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        if not os.path.exists(path):
-            die("could not find repo at %s", path)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "push", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath, "--all"]
-        child = check_call(args)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py
deleted file mode 100644
index acbf8d7785..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call
-
-
-def sanitize(rev, sep='\t'):
-    """Converts a for-each-ref line to a name/value pair.
-    """
-
-    splitrev = rev.split(sep)
-    branchval = splitrev[0]
-    branchname = splitrev[1].strip()
-    if branchname.startswith("refs/heads/"):
-        branchname = branchname[11:]
-
-    return branchname, branchval
-
-def is_remote(url):
-    """Checks whether the specified value is a remote url.
-    """
-
-    prefixes = ["http", "file", "git"]
-
-    for prefix in prefixes:
-        if url.startswith(prefix):
-            return True
-    return False
-
-class GitRepo(object):
-    """Repo object representing a repo.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, path):
-        """Initializes a new repo at the given path.
-        """
-
-        self.path = path
-        self.head = None
-        self.revmap = {}
-        self.local = not is_remote(self.path)
-
-        if(self.path.endswith('.git')):
-            self.gitpath = self.path
-        else:
-            self.gitpath = os.path.join(self.path, '.git')
-
-        if self.local and not os.path.exists(self.gitpath):
-            os.makedirs(self.gitpath)
-
-    def get_revs(self):
-        """Fetches all revs from the remote.
-        """
-
-        args = ["git", "ls-remote", self.gitpath]
-        path = ".cached_revs"
-        ofile = open(path, "w")
-
-        check_call(args, stdout=ofile)
-        output = open(path).readlines()
-        self.revmap = dict(sanitize(i) for i in output)
-        if "HEAD" in self.revmap:
-            del self.revmap["HEAD"]
-        self.revs = self.revmap.keys()
-        ofile.close()
-
-    def get_head(self):
-        """Determines the head of a local repo.
-        """
-
-        if not self.local:
-            return
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.gitpath, "HEAD")
-        head = open(path).readline()
-        self.head, _ = sanitize(head, ' ')
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg b/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 4bff8878d1..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[build]
-build_purelib = build/lib
-build_platlib = build/lib
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py b/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d434b65cb..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Distutils build/install script for the git_remote_helpers package."""
-
-from distutils.core import setup
-
-setup(
-    name = 'git_remote_helpers',
-    version = '0.1.0',
-    description = 'Git remote helper program for non-git repositories',
-    license = 'GPLv2',
-    author = 'The Git Community',
-    author_email = 'git@vger.kernel.org',
-    url = 'http://www.git-scm.com/',
-    package_dir = {'git_remote_helpers': ''},
-    packages = ['git_remote_helpers', 'git_remote_helpers.git'],
-)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/util.py b/git_remote_helpers/util.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fbbb01b146..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/util.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Misc. useful functionality used by the rest of this package.
-
-This module provides common functionality used by the other modules in
-this package.
-
-"""
-
-import sys
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-try:
-    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-except ImportError:
-    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
-    # Exception classes used by this module.
-    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
-        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
-        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
-        returncode attribute."""
-        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
-            self.returncode = returncode
-            self.cmd = cmd
-        def __str__(self):
-            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
-
-
-# Whether or not to show debug messages
-DEBUG = False
-
-def notify(msg, *args):
-    """Print a message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
-
-def debug (msg, *args):
-    """Print a debug message to stderr when DEBUG is enabled."""
-    if DEBUG:
-        print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
-
-def error (msg, *args):
-    """Print an error message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR:", msg % args
-
-def warn(msg, *args):
-    """Print a warning message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, "warning:", msg % args
-
-def die (msg, *args):
-    """Print as error message to stderr and exit the program."""
-    error(msg, *args)
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-
-class ProgressIndicator(object):
-
-    """Simple progress indicator.
-
-    Displayed as a spinning character by default, but can be customized
-    by passing custom messages that overrides the spinning character.
-
-    """
-
-    States = ("|", "/", "-", "\\")
-
-    def __init__ (self, prefix = "", f = sys.stdout):
-        """Create a new ProgressIndicator, bound to the given file object."""
-        self.n = 0  # Simple progress counter
-        self.f = f  # Progress is written to this file object
-        self.prev_len = 0  # Length of previous msg (to be overwritten)
-        self.prefix = prefix  # Prefix prepended to each progress message
-        self.prefix_lens = [] # Stack of prefix string lengths
-
-    def pushprefix (self, prefix):
-        """Append the given prefix onto the prefix stack."""
-        self.prefix_lens.append(len(self.prefix))
-        self.prefix += prefix
-
-    def popprefix (self):
-        """Remove the last prefix from the prefix stack."""
-        prev_len = self.prefix_lens.pop()
-        self.prefix = self.prefix[:prev_len]
-
-    def __call__ (self, msg = None, lf = False):
-        """Indicate progress, possibly with a custom message."""
-        if msg is None:
-            msg = self.States[self.n % len(self.States)]
-        msg = self.prefix + msg
-        print >> self.f, "\r%-*s" % (self.prev_len, msg),
-        self.prev_len = len(msg.expandtabs())
-        if lf:
-            print >> self.f
-            self.prev_len = 0
-        self.n += 1
-
-    def finish (self, msg = "done", noprefix = False):
-        """Finalize progress indication with the given message."""
-        if noprefix:
-            self.prefix = ""
-        self(msg, True)
-
-
-def start_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
-                   stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
-                   stderr = subprocess.PIPE):
-    """Start the given command, and return a subprocess object.
-
-    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
-
-    """
-    env = None
-    if add_env is not None:
-        env = os.environ.copy()
-        env.update(add_env)
-    return subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize = 1, stdin = stdin, stdout = stdout,
-                            stderr = stderr, cwd = cwd, shell = shell,
-                            env = env, universal_newlines = True)
-
-
-def run_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
-                 flag_error = True):
-    """Run the given command to completion, and return its results.
-
-    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
-
-    The results are formatted as a 3-tuple: (exit_code, output, errors)
-
-    If flag_error is enabled, Error messages will be produced if the
-    subprocess terminated with a non-zero exit code and/or stderr
-    output.
-
-    The other arguments are passed on to start_command().
-
-    """
-    process = start_command(args, cwd, shell, add_env)
-    (output, errors) = process.communicate()
-    exit_code = process.returncode
-    if flag_error and errors:
-        error("'%s' returned errors:\n---\n%s---", " ".join(args), errors)
-    if flag_error and exit_code:
-        error("'%s' returned exit code %i", " ".join(args), exit_code)
-    return (exit_code, output, errors)
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    """Run command with arguments.  Wait for command to complete, then
-    return the returncode attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    retcode = call(["ls", "-l"])
-    """
-    return subprocess.Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def check_call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    """Run command with arguments.  Wait for command to complete.  If
-    the exit code was zero then return, otherwise raise
-    CalledProcessError.  The CalledProcessError object will have the
-    return code in the returncode attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    check_call(["ls", "-l"])
-    """
-    retcode = call(*popenargs, **kwargs)
-    if retcode:
-        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
-        if cmd is None:
-            cmd = popenargs[0]
-        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
-    return 0
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    r"""Run command with arguments and return its output as a byte string.
-
-    If the exit code was non-zero it raises a CalledProcessError.  The
-    CalledProcessError object will have the return code in the returncode
-    attribute and output in the output attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    >>> check_output(["ls", "-l", "/dev/null"])
-    'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Oct 18  2007 /dev/null\n'
-
-    The stdout argument is not allowed as it is used internally.
-    To capture standard error in the result, use stderr=STDOUT.
-
-    >>> check_output(["/bin/sh", "-c",
-    ...               "ls -l non_existent_file ; exit 0"],
-    ...              stderr=STDOUT)
-    'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\n'
-    """
-    if 'stdout' in kwargs:
-        raise ValueError('stdout argument not allowed, it will be overridden.')
-    process = subprocess.Popen(stdout=subprocess.PIPE, *popenargs, **kwargs)
-    output, unused_err = process.communicate()
-    retcode = process.poll()
-    if retcode:
-        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
-        if cmd is None:
-            cmd = popenargs[0]
-        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
-    return output
-
-
-def file_reader_method (missing_ok = False):
-    """Decorator for simplifying reading of files.
-
-    If missing_ok is True, a failure to open a file for reading will
-    not raise the usual IOError, but instead the wrapped method will be
-    called with f == None.  The method must in this case properly
-    handle f == None.
-
-    """
-    def _wrap (method):
-        """Teach given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
-
-        The given method must take a file object as its second argument
-        (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator
-        will take a filename given as the second argument and promote
-        it to a file object.
-
-        """
-        def _wrapped_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
-            if isinstance(filename, file):
-                f = filename
-            else:
-                try:
-                    f = open(filename, 'r')
-                except IOError:
-                    if missing_ok:
-                        f = None
-                    else:
-                        raise
-            try:
-                return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
-            finally:
-                if not isinstance(filename, file) and f:
-                    f.close()
-        return _wrapped_method
-    return _wrap
-
-
-def file_writer_method (method):
-    """Decorator for simplifying writing of files.
-
-    Enables the given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
-
-    The given method must take a file object as its second argument
-    (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator will
-    take a filename given as the second argument and promote it to a
-    file object.
-
-    """
-    def _new_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
-        if isinstance(filename, file):
-            f = filename
-        else:
-            # Make sure the containing directory exists
-            parent_dir = os.path.dirname(filename)
-            if not os.path.isdir(parent_dir):
-                os.makedirs(parent_dir)
-            f = open(filename, 'w')
-        try:
-            return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
-        finally:
-            if not isinstance(filename, file):
-                f.close()
-    return _new_method
diff --git a/gitk-git/.gitignore b/gitk-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7ebcaf366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/GIT-TCLTK-VARS
+/gitk-wish
diff --git a/gitk-git/Makefile b/gitk-git/Makefile
index e1b6045605..5acdc900ab 100644
--- a/gitk-git/Makefile
+++ b/gitk-git/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@ DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
 
+### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
+TRACK_TCLTK = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+
+GIT-TCLTK-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_TCLTK)'; \
+		if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+			echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+			echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
+		fi
+
 ## po-file creation rules
 XGETTEXT   ?= xgettext
 ifdef NO_MSGFMT
@@ -49,9 +59,9 @@ uninstall::
 	$(RM) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'/gitk
 
 clean::
-	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg
+	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 
-gitk-wish: gitk
+gitk-wish: gitk GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1,3s|^exec .* "$$0"|exec $(subst |,'\|',$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)) "$$0"|' <gitk >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
@@ -65,3 +75,5 @@ $(ALL_MSGFILES): %.msg : %.po
 	@echo Generating catalog $@
 	$(MSGFMT) --statistics --tcl $< -l $(basename $(notdir $<)) -d $(dir $@)
 
+.PHONY: all install uninstall clean update-po
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/gitk-git/gitk b/gitk-git/gitk
index 64ef3c4013..805a1c7030 100755
--- a/gitk-git/gitk
+++ b/gitk-git/gitk
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Tcl ignores the next line -*- tcl -*- \
 exec wish "$0" -- "$@"
 
-# Copyright © 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras.  All rights reserved.
 # This program is free software; it may be used, copied, modified
 # and distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence,
 # either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
@@ -14,6 +14,35 @@ proc hasworktree {} {
 		  [exec git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir] == "false"}]
 }
 
+proc reponame {} {
+    global gitdir
+    set n [file normalize $gitdir]
+    if {[string match "*/.git" $n]} {
+	set n [string range $n 0 end-5]
+    }
+    return [file tail $n]
+}
+
+proc gitworktree {} {
+    variable _gitworktree
+    if {[info exists _gitworktree]} {
+	return $_gitworktree
+    }
+    # v1.7.0 introduced --show-toplevel to return the canonical work-tree
+    if {[catch {set _gitworktree [exec git rev-parse --show-toplevel]}]} {
+        # try to set work tree from environment, core.worktree or use
+        # cdup to obtain a relative path to the top of the worktree. If
+        # run from the top, the ./ prefix ensures normalize expands pwd.
+        if {[catch { set _gitworktree $env(GIT_WORK_TREE) }]} {
+	    catch {set _gitworktree [exec git config --get core.worktree]}
+	    if {$_gitworktree eq ""} {
+		set _gitworktree [file normalize ./[exec git rev-parse --show-cdup]]
+	    }
+        }
+    }
+    return $_gitworktree
+}
+
 # A simple scheduler for compute-intensive stuff.
 # The aim is to make sure that event handlers for GUI actions can
 # run at least every 50-100 ms.  Unfortunately fileevent handlers are
@@ -127,10 +156,12 @@ proc unmerged_files {files} {
 
 proc parseviewargs {n arglist} {
     global vdatemode vmergeonly vflags vdflags vrevs vfiltered vorigargs env
+    global vinlinediff
     global worddiff git_version
 
     set vdatemode($n) 0
     set vmergeonly($n) 0
+    set vinlinediff($n) 0
     set glflags {}
     set diffargs {}
     set nextisval 0
@@ -198,12 +229,20 @@ proc parseviewargs {n arglist} {
 	    "--until=*" - "--before=*" - "--max-age=*" - "--min-age=*" -
 	    "--author=*" - "--committer=*" - "--grep=*" - "-[iE]" -
 	    "--remove-empty" - "--first-parent" - "--cherry-pick" -
-	    "-S*" - "--pickaxe-all" - "--pickaxe-regex" -
+	    "-S*" - "-G*" - "--pickaxe-all" - "--pickaxe-regex" -
 	    "--simplify-by-decoration" {
 		# These mean that we get a subset of the commits
 		set filtered 1
 		lappend glflags $arg
 	    }
+	    "-L*" {
+		# Line-log with 'stuck' argument (unstuck form is
+		# not supported)
+		set filtered 1
+		set vinlinediff($n) 1
+		set allknown 0
+		lappend glflags $arg
+	    }
 	    "-n" {
 		# This appears to be the only one that has a value as a
 		# separate word following it
@@ -255,6 +294,8 @@ proc parseviewrevs {view revs} {
 
     if {$revs eq {}} {
 	set revs HEAD
+    } elseif {[lsearch -exact $revs --all] >= 0} {
+	lappend revs HEAD
     }
     if {[catch {set ids [eval exec git rev-parse $revs]} err]} {
 	# we get stdout followed by stderr in $err
@@ -406,7 +447,7 @@ proc stop_instance {inst} {
 	set pid [pid $fd]
 
 	if {$::tcl_platform(platform) eq {windows}} {
-	    exec kill -f $pid
+	    exec taskkill /pid $pid
 	} else {
 	    exec kill $pid
 	}
@@ -559,18 +600,18 @@ proc reloadcommits {} {
     }
     resetvarcs $curview
     set selectedline {}
-    catch {unset currentid}
-    catch {unset thickerline}
-    catch {unset treediffs}
+    unset -nocomplain currentid
+    unset -nocomplain thickerline
+    unset -nocomplain treediffs
     readrefs
     changedrefs
     if {$showneartags} {
 	getallcommits
     }
     clear_display
-    catch {unset commitinterest}
-    catch {unset cached_commitrow}
-    catch {unset targetid}
+    unset -nocomplain commitinterest
+    unset -nocomplain cached_commitrow
+    unset -nocomplain targetid
     setcanvscroll
     getcommits $selid
     return 0
@@ -612,12 +653,16 @@ proc varcinit {view} {
 
 proc resetvarcs {view} {
     global varcid varccommits parents children vseedcount ordertok
+    global vshortids
 
     foreach vid [array names varcid $view,*] {
 	unset varcid($vid)
 	unset children($vid)
 	unset parents($vid)
     }
+    foreach vid [array names vshortids $view,*] {
+	unset vshortids($vid)
+    }
     # some commits might have children but haven't been seen yet
     foreach vid [array names children $view,*] {
 	unset children($vid)
@@ -628,7 +673,7 @@ proc resetvarcs {view} {
     foreach vd [array names vseedcount $view,*] {
 	unset vseedcount($vd)
     }
-    catch {unset ordertok}
+    unset -nocomplain ordertok
 }
 
 # returns a list of the commits with no children
@@ -904,7 +949,7 @@ proc fix_reversal {p a v} {
 proc insertrow {id p v} {
     global cmitlisted children parents varcid varctok vtokmod
     global varccommits ordertok commitidx numcommits curview
-    global targetid targetrow
+    global targetid targetrow vshortids
 
     readcommit $id
     set vid $v,$id
@@ -913,6 +958,7 @@ proc insertrow {id p v} {
     set parents($vid) [list $p]
     set a [newvarc $v $id]
     set varcid($vid) $a
+    lappend vshortids($v,[string range $id 0 3]) $id
     if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $a] $vtokmod($v)] < 0} {
 	modify_arc $v $a
     }
@@ -920,7 +966,7 @@ proc insertrow {id p v} {
     set vp $v,$p
     if {[llength [lappend children($vp) $id]] > 1} {
 	set children($vp) [lsort -command [list vtokcmp $v] $children($vp)]
-	catch {unset ordertok}
+	unset -nocomplain ordertok
     }
     fix_reversal $p $a $v
     incr commitidx($v)
@@ -1090,7 +1136,7 @@ proc update_arcrows {v} {
 	    set displayorder [lrange $displayorder 0 [expr {$vrowmod($v) - 1}]]
 	    set parentlist [lrange $parentlist 0 [expr {$vrowmod($v) - 1}]]
 	}
-	catch {unset cached_commitrow}
+	unset -nocomplain cached_commitrow
     }
     set narctot [expr {[llength $varctok($v)] - 1}]
     set a $varcmod($v)
@@ -1368,7 +1414,7 @@ proc getcommitlines {fd inst view updating}  {
     global commitidx commitdata vdatemode
     global parents children curview hlview
     global idpending ordertok
-    global varccommits varcid varctok vtokmod vfilelimit
+    global varccommits varcid varctok vtokmod vfilelimit vshortids
 
     set stuff [read $fd 500000]
     # git log doesn't terminate the last commit with a null...
@@ -1396,7 +1442,7 @@ proc getcommitlines {fd inst view updating}  {
 	    if {[string range $err 0 4] == "usage"} {
 		set err "Gitk: error reading commits$fv:\
 			bad arguments to git log."
-		if {$viewname($view) eq "Command line"} {
+		if {$viewname($view) eq [mc "Command line"]} {
 		    append err \
 			"  (Note: arguments to gitk are passed to git log\
 			 to allow selection of commits to be displayed.)"
@@ -1468,6 +1514,8 @@ proc getcommitlines {fd inst view updating}  {
 	set id [lindex $ids 0]
 	set vid $view,$id
 
+	lappend vshortids($view,[string range $id 0 3]) $id
+
 	if {!$listed && $updating && ![info exists varcid($vid)] &&
 	    $vfilelimit($view) ne {}} {
 	    # git log doesn't rewrite parents for unlisted commits
@@ -1531,7 +1579,7 @@ proc getcommitlines {fd inst view updating}  {
 		    [vtokcmp $view [lindex $children($vp) end-1] $id] > 0} {
 		    set children($vp) [lsort -command [list vtokcmp $view] \
 					   $children($vp)]
-		    catch {unset ordertok}
+		    unset -nocomplain ordertok
 		}
 		if {[info exists varcid($view,$p)]} {
 		    fix_reversal $p $a $view
@@ -1668,8 +1716,17 @@ proc parsecommit {id contents listed} {
 	set comment $newcomment
     }
     set hasnote [string first "\nNotes:\n" $contents]
+    set diff ""
+    # If there is diff output shown in the git-log stream, split it
+    # out.  But get rid of the empty line that always precedes the
+    # diff.
+    set i [string first "\n\ndiff" $comment]
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	set diff [string range $comment $i+1 end]
+	set comment [string range $comment 0 $i-1]
+    }
     set commitinfo($id) [list $headline $auname $audate \
-			     $comname $comdate $comment $hasnote]
+			     $comname $comdate $comment $hasnote $diff]
 }
 
 proc getcommit {id} {
@@ -1690,11 +1747,26 @@ proc getcommit {id} {
 # and are present in the current view.
 # This is fairly slow...
 proc longid {prefix} {
-    global varcid curview
+    global varcid curview vshortids
 
     set ids {}
-    foreach match [array names varcid "$curview,$prefix*"] {
-	lappend ids [lindex [split $match ","] 1]
+    if {[string length $prefix] >= 4} {
+	set vshortid $curview,[string range $prefix 0 3]
+	if {[info exists vshortids($vshortid)]} {
+	    foreach id $vshortids($vshortid) {
+		if {[string match "$prefix*" $id]} {
+		    if {[lsearch -exact $ids $id] < 0} {
+			lappend ids $id
+			if {[llength $ids] >= 2} break
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    } else {
+	foreach match [array names varcid "$curview,$prefix*"] {
+	    lappend ids [lindex [split $match ","] 1]
+	    if {[llength $ids] >= 2} break
+	}
     }
     return $ids
 }
@@ -1706,7 +1778,7 @@ proc readrefs {} {
     global hideremotes
 
     foreach v {tagids idtags headids idheads otherrefids idotherrefs} {
-	catch {unset $v}
+	unset -nocomplain $v
     }
     set refd [open [list | git show-ref -d] r]
     while {[gets $refd line] >= 0} {
@@ -1822,13 +1894,13 @@ proc make_transient {window origin} {
     }
 }
 
-proc show_error {w top msg {mc mc}} {
+proc show_error {w top msg} {
     global NS
     if {![info exists NS]} {set NS ""}
     if {[wm state $top] eq "withdrawn"} { wm deiconify $top }
     message $w.m -text $msg -justify center -aspect 400
     pack $w.m -side top -fill x -padx 20 -pady 20
-    ${NS}::button $w.ok -default active -text [$mc OK] -command "destroy $top"
+    ${NS}::button $w.ok -default active -text [mc OK] -command "destroy $top"
     pack $w.ok -side bottom -fill x
     bind $top <Visibility> "grab $top; focus $top"
     bind $top <Key-Return> "destroy $top"
@@ -1871,6 +1943,8 @@ proc confirm_popup {msg {owner .}} {
 }
 
 proc setoptions {} {
+    global use_ttk
+
     if {[tk windowingsystem] ne "win32"} {
         option add *Panedwindow.showHandle 1 startupFile
         option add *Panedwindow.sashRelief raised startupFile
@@ -1893,6 +1967,18 @@ proc setoptions {} {
     option add *Listbox.font mainfont startupFile
 }
 
+proc setttkstyle {} {
+    eval font configure TkDefaultFont [fontflags mainfont]
+    eval font configure TkTextFont [fontflags textfont]
+    eval font configure TkHeadingFont [fontflags mainfont]
+    eval font configure TkCaptionFont [fontflags mainfont] -weight bold
+    eval font configure TkTooltipFont [fontflags uifont]
+    eval font configure TkFixedFont   [fontflags textfont]
+    eval font configure TkIconFont    [fontflags uifont]
+    eval font configure TkMenuFont    [fontflags uifont]
+    eval font configure TkSmallCaptionFont [fontflags uifont]
+}
+
 # Make a menu and submenus.
 # m is the window name for the menu, items is the list of menu items to add.
 # Each item is a list {mc label type description options...}
@@ -1947,6 +2033,9 @@ proc mca {str} {
     return [string map {&& & & {}} [mc $str]]
 }
 
+proc cleardropsel {w} {
+    $w selection clear
+}
 proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
     global use_ttk
     if {$use_ttk} {
@@ -1956,7 +2045,9 @@ proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
             if {$cx > $width} {set width $cx}
         }
 	set gm [ttk::combobox $w -width $width -state readonly\
-		    -textvariable $varname -values $args]
+		    -textvariable $varname -values $args \
+		    -exportselection false]
+	bind $gm <<ComboboxSelected>> [list $gm selection clear]
     } else {
 	set gm [eval [linsert $args 0 tk_optionMenu $w $varname]]
     }
@@ -1975,6 +2066,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     global highlight_files gdttype
     global searchstring sstring
     global bgcolor fgcolor bglist fglist diffcolors selectbgcolor
+    global uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor
+    global filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor
+    global mergecolors foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
     global headctxmenu progresscanv progressitem progresscoords statusw
     global fprogitem fprogcoord lastprogupdate progupdatepending
     global rprogitem rprogcoord rownumsel numcommits
@@ -1985,33 +2079,33 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     # The "mc" arguments here are purely so that xgettext
     # sees the following string as needing to be translated
     set file {
-	mc "File" cascade {
-	    {mc "Update" command updatecommits -accelerator F5}
-	    {mc "Reload" command reloadcommits -accelerator Meta1-F5}
-	    {mc "Reread references" command rereadrefs}
-	    {mc "List references" command showrefs -accelerator F2}
+	mc "&File" cascade {
+	    {mc "&Update" command updatecommits -accelerator F5}
+	    {mc "&Reload" command reloadcommits -accelerator Shift-F5}
+	    {mc "Reread re&ferences" command rereadrefs}
+	    {mc "&List references" command showrefs -accelerator F2}
 	    {xx "" separator}
-	    {mc "Start git gui" command {exec git gui &}}
+	    {mc "Start git &gui" command {exec git gui &}}
 	    {xx "" separator}
-	    {mc "Quit" command doquit -accelerator Meta1-Q}
+	    {mc "&Quit" command doquit -accelerator Meta1-Q}
 	}}
     set edit {
-	mc "Edit" cascade {
-	    {mc "Preferences" command doprefs}
+	mc "&Edit" cascade {
+	    {mc "&Preferences" command doprefs}
 	}}
     set view {
-	mc "View" cascade {
-	    {mc "New view..." command {newview 0} -accelerator Shift-F4}
-	    {mc "Edit view..." command editview -state disabled -accelerator F4}
-	    {mc "Delete view" command delview -state disabled}
+	mc "&View" cascade {
+	    {mc "&New view..." command {newview 0} -accelerator Shift-F4}
+	    {mc "&Edit view..." command editview -state disabled -accelerator F4}
+	    {mc "&Delete view" command delview -state disabled}
 	    {xx "" separator}
-	    {mc "All files" radiobutton {selectedview 0} -command {showview 0}}
+	    {mc "&All files" radiobutton {selectedview 0} -command {showview 0}}
 	}}
     if {[tk windowingsystem] ne "aqua"} {
 	set help {
-	mc "Help" cascade {
-	    {mc "About gitk" command about}
-	    {mc "Key bindings" command keys}
+	mc "&Help" cascade {
+	    {mc "&About gitk" command about}
+	    {mc "&Key bindings" command keys}
 	}}
 	set bar [list $file $edit $view $help]
     } else {
@@ -2019,13 +2113,13 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	proc ::tk::mac::Quit {} {doquit}
 	lset file end [lreplace [lindex $file end] end-1 end]
 	set apple {
-	xx "Apple" cascade {
-	    {mc "About gitk" command about}
+	xx "&Apple" cascade {
+	    {mc "&About gitk" command about}
 	    {xx "" separator}
 	}}
 	set help {
-	mc "Help" cascade {
-	    {mc "Key bindings" command keys}
+	mc "&Help" cascade {
+	    {mc "&Key bindings" command keys}
 	}}
 	set bar [list $apple $file $view $help]
     }
@@ -2110,7 +2204,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     trace add variable sha1string write sha1change
     pack $sha1entry -side left -pady 2
 
-    image create bitmap bm-left -data {
+    set bm_left_data {
 	#define left_width 16
 	#define left_height 16
 	static unsigned char left_bits[] = {
@@ -2118,7 +2212,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	0x0e, 0x00, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00,
 	0x38, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    image create bitmap bm-right -data {
+    set bm_right_data {
 	#define right_width 16
 	#define right_height 16
 	static unsigned char right_bits[] = {
@@ -2126,11 +2220,24 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	0x00, 0x38, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x1c,
 	0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x07, 0x80, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -image bm-left -command goback \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    image create bitmap bm-left -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-left-gray -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right-gray -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -command goback -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image [list bm-left disabled bm-left-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image bm-left
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.leftbut -side left -fill y
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -image bm-right -command goforw \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -command goforw -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image [list bm-right disabled bm-right-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image bm-right
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.rightbut -side left -fill y
 
     ${NS}::label .tf.bar.rowlabel -text [mc "Row"]
@@ -2158,7 +2265,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	set h [expr {[font metrics uifont -linespace] + 2}]
 	set progresscanv .tf.bar.progress
 	canvas $progresscanv -relief sunken -height $h -borderwidth 2
-	set progressitem [$progresscanv create rect -1 0 0 $h -fill green]
+	set progressitem [$progresscanv create rect -1 0 0 $h -fill lime]
 	set fprogitem [$progresscanv create rect -1 0 0 $h -fill yellow]
 	set rprogitem [$progresscanv create rect -1 0 0 $h -fill red]
     }
@@ -2172,16 +2279,43 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 
     # build up the bottom bar of upper window
     ${NS}::label .tf.lbar.flabel -text "[mc "Find"] "
-    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fnext -text [mc "next"] -command {dofind 1 1}
-    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fprev -text [mc "prev"] -command {dofind -1 1}
+
+    set bm_down_data {
+	#define down_width 16
+	#define down_height 16
+	static unsigned char down_bits[] = {
+	0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01,
+	0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01,
+	0x87, 0xe1, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x9c, 0x39, 0xb8, 0x1d,
+	0xf0, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x07, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01};
+    }
+    image create bitmap bm-down -data $bm_down_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fnext -width 26 -command {dofind 1 1}
+    .tf.lbar.fnext configure -image bm-down
+
+    set bm_up_data {
+	#define up_width 16
+	#define up_height 16
+	static unsigned char up_bits[] = {
+	0x80, 0x01, 0xc0, 0x03, 0xe0, 0x07, 0xf0, 0x0f,
+	0xb8, 0x1d, 0x9c, 0x39, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x87, 0xe1,
+	0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01,
+	0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01};
+    }
+    image create bitmap bm-up -data $bm_up_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fprev -width 26 -command {dofind -1 1}
+    .tf.lbar.fprev configure -image bm-up
+
     ${NS}::label .tf.lbar.flab2 -text " [mc "commit"] "
+
     pack .tf.lbar.flabel .tf.lbar.fnext .tf.lbar.fprev .tf.lbar.flab2 \
 	-side left -fill y
     set gdttype [mc "containing:"]
     set gm [makedroplist .tf.lbar.gdttype gdttype \
 		[mc "containing:"] \
 		[mc "touching paths:"] \
-		[mc "adding/removing string:"]]
+		[mc "adding/removing string:"] \
+		[mc "changing lines matching:"]]
     trace add variable gdttype write gdttype_change
     pack .tf.lbar.gdttype -side left -fill y
 
@@ -2227,6 +2361,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     ${NS}::frame .bleft.mid
     ${NS}::frame .bleft.bottom
 
+    # gap between sub-widgets
+    set wgap [font measure uifont "i"]
+
     ${NS}::button .bleft.top.search -text [mc "Search"] -command dosearch
     pack .bleft.top.search -side left -padx 5
     set sstring .bleft.top.sstring
@@ -2241,8 +2378,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	-command changediffdisp -variable diffelide -value {0 1}
     ${NS}::radiobutton .bleft.mid.new -text [mc "New version"] \
 	-command changediffdisp -variable diffelide -value {1 0}
+
     ${NS}::label .bleft.mid.labeldiffcontext -text "      [mc "Lines of context"]: "
-    pack .bleft.mid.diff .bleft.mid.old .bleft.mid.new -side left
+    pack .bleft.mid.diff .bleft.mid.old .bleft.mid.new -side left -ipadx $wgap
     spinbox .bleft.mid.diffcontext -width 5 \
 	-from 0 -increment 1 -to 10000000 \
 	-validate all -validatecommand "diffcontextvalidate %P" \
@@ -2250,7 +2388,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     .bleft.mid.diffcontext set $diffcontext
     trace add variable diffcontextstring write diffcontextchange
     lappend entries .bleft.mid.diffcontext
-    pack .bleft.mid.labeldiffcontext .bleft.mid.diffcontext -side left
+    pack .bleft.mid.labeldiffcontext .bleft.mid.diffcontext -side left -ipadx $wgap
     ${NS}::checkbutton .bleft.mid.ignspace -text [mc "Ignore space change"] \
 	-command changeignorespace -variable ignorespace
     pack .bleft.mid.ignspace -side left -padx 5
@@ -2285,31 +2423,34 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     lappend fglist $ctext
 
     $ctext tag conf comment -wrap $wrapcomment
-    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -back "#aaaaaa"
+    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -fore $filesepfgcolor -back $filesepbgcolor
     $ctext tag conf hunksep -fore [lindex $diffcolors 2]
     $ctext tag conf d0 -fore [lindex $diffcolors 0]
     $ctext tag conf dresult -fore [lindex $diffcolors 1]
-    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore red
-    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore blue
-    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore green
-    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore purple
-    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore brown
-    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore "#009090"
-    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore magenta
-    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore "#808000"
-    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore "#009000"
-    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore "#ff0080"
-    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore cyan
-    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore "#b07070"
-    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore "#70b0f0"
-    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore "#70f0b0"
-    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore "#f0b070"
-    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore "#ff70b0"
+    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 0]
+    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 1]
+    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 2]
+    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 3]
+    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 4]
+    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 5]
+    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 6]
+    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 7]
+    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 8]
+    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 9]
+    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 10]
+    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 11]
+    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 12]
+    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 13]
+    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 14]
+    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 15]
     $ctext tag conf mmax -fore darkgrey
     set mergemax 16
     $ctext tag conf mresult -font textfontbold
     $ctext tag conf msep -font textfontbold
-    $ctext tag conf found -back yellow
+    $ctext tag conf found -back $foundbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf currentsearchhit -back $currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf wwrap -wrap word -lmargin2 1c
+    $ctext tag conf bold -font textfontbold
 
     .pwbottom add .bleft
     if {!$use_ttk} {
@@ -2393,6 +2534,13 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     } else {
 	bindall <ButtonRelease-4> "allcanvs yview scroll -5 units"
 	bindall <ButtonRelease-5> "allcanvs yview scroll 5 units"
+	bind $ctext <Button> {
+	    if {"%b" eq 6} {
+		$ctext xview scroll -5 units
+	    } elseif {"%b" eq 7} {
+		$ctext xview scroll 5 units
+	    }
+	}
         if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
             bindall <MouseWheel> {
                 set delta [expr {- (%D)}]
@@ -2438,16 +2586,16 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     bindkey b prevfile
     bindkey d "$ctext yview scroll 18 units"
     bindkey u "$ctext yview scroll -18 units"
+    bindkey g {$sha1entry delete 0 end; focus $sha1entry}
     bindkey / {focus $fstring}
     bindkey <Key-KP_Divide> {focus $fstring}
     bindkey <Key-Return> {dofind 1 1}
     bindkey ? {dofind -1 1}
     bindkey f nextfile
     bind . <F5> updatecommits
-    bind . <$M1B-F5> reloadcommits
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 5 reloadcommits
     bind . <F2> showrefs
-    bind . <Shift-F4> {newview 0}
-    catch { bind . <Shift-Key-XF86_Switch_VT_4> {newview 0} }
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 4 {newview 0}
     bind . <F4> edit_or_newview
     bind . <$M1B-q> doquit
     bind . <$M1B-f> {dofind 1 1}
@@ -2465,6 +2613,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     bind $fstring <Key-Return> {dofind 1 1}
     bind $sha1entry <Key-Return> {gotocommit; break}
     bind $sha1entry <<PasteSelection>> clearsha1
+    bind $sha1entry <<Paste>> clearsha1
     bind $cflist <1> {sel_flist %W %x %y; break}
     bind $cflist <B1-Motion> {sel_flist %W %x %y; break}
     bind $cflist <ButtonRelease-1> {treeclick %W %x %y}
@@ -2472,6 +2621,10 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     bind $cflist $ctxbut {pop_flist_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext $ctxbut {pop_diff_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext <Button-1> {focus %W}
+    bind $ctext <<Selection>> rehighlight_search_results
+    for {set i 1} {$i < 10} {incr i} {
+	bind . <$M1B-Key-$i> [list go_to_parent $i]
+    }
 
     set maincursor [. cget -cursor]
     set textcursor [$ctext cget -cursor]
@@ -2483,6 +2636,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	{mc "Diff selected -> this" command {diffvssel 1}}
 	{mc "Make patch" command mkpatch}
 	{mc "Create tag" command mktag}
+	{mc "Copy commit summary" command copysummary}
 	{mc "Write commit to file" command writecommit}
 	{mc "Create new branch" command mkbranch}
 	{mc "Cherry-pick this commit" command cherrypick}
@@ -2491,6 +2645,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	{mc "Return to mark" command gotomark}
 	{mc "Find descendant of this and mark" command find_common_desc}
 	{mc "Compare with marked commit" command compare_commits}
+	{mc "Diff this -> marked commit" command {diffvsmark 0}}
+	{mc "Diff marked commit -> this" command {diffvsmark 1}}
+	{mc "Revert this commit" command revert}
     }
     $rowctxmenu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2499,6 +2656,8 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	{mc "Diff this -> selected" command {diffvssel 0}}
 	{mc "Diff selected -> this" command {diffvssel 1}}
 	{mc "Make patch" command mkpatch}
+	{mc "Diff this -> marked commit" command {diffvsmark 0}}
+	{mc "Diff marked commit -> this" command {diffvsmark 1}}
     }
     $fakerowmenu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2506,6 +2665,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     makemenu $headctxmenu {
 	{mc "Check out this branch" command cobranch}
 	{mc "Remove this branch" command rmbranch}
+	{mc "Copy branch name" command {clipboard clear; clipboard append $headmenuhead}}
     }
     $headctxmenu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2516,6 +2676,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	{mc "Highlight this only" command {flist_hl 1}}
 	{mc "External diff" command {external_diff}}
 	{mc "Blame parent commit" command {external_blame 1}}
+	{mc "Copy path" command {clipboard clear; clipboard append $flist_menu_file}}
     }
     $flist_menu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2591,6 +2752,11 @@ proc bindkey {ev script} {
     }
 }
 
+proc bindmodfunctionkey {mod n script} {
+    bind . <$mod-F$n> $script
+    catch { bind . <$mod-XF86_Switch_VT_$n> $script }
+}
+
 # set the focus back to the toplevel for any click outside
 # the entry widgets
 proc click {w} {
@@ -2639,57 +2805,87 @@ proc doprogupdate {} {
     }
 }
 
+proc config_check_tmp_exists {tries_left} {
+    global config_file_tmp
+
+    if {[file exists $config_file_tmp]} {
+	incr tries_left -1
+	if {$tries_left > 0} {
+	    after 100 [list config_check_tmp_exists $tries_left]
+	} else {
+	    error_popup "There appears to be a stale $config_file_tmp\
+ file, which will prevent gitk from saving its configuration on exit.\
+ Please remove it if it is not being used by any existing gitk process."
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc config_init_trace {name} {
+    global config_variable_changed config_variable_original
+
+    upvar #0 $name var
+    set config_variable_changed($name) 0
+    set config_variable_original($name) $var
+}
+
+proc config_variable_change_cb {name name2 op} {
+    global config_variable_changed config_variable_original
+
+    upvar #0 $name var
+    if {$op eq "write" &&
+	(![info exists config_variable_original($name)] ||
+	 $config_variable_original($name) ne $var)} {
+	set config_variable_changed($name) 1
+    }
+}
+
 proc savestuff {w} {
-    global canv canv2 canv3 mainfont textfont uifont tabstop
-    global stuffsaved findmergefiles maxgraphpct
-    global maxwidth showneartags showlocalchanges
-    global viewname viewfiles viewargs viewargscmd viewperm nextviewnum
-    global cmitmode wrapcomment datetimeformat limitdiffs
-    global colors uicolor bgcolor fgcolor diffcolors diffcontext selectbgcolor
-    global autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs markbgcolor use_ttk
-    global hideremotes want_ttk
+    global stuffsaved
+    global config_file config_file_tmp
+    global config_variables config_variable_changed
+    global viewchanged
+
+    upvar #0 viewname current_viewname
+    upvar #0 viewfiles current_viewfiles
+    upvar #0 viewargs current_viewargs
+    upvar #0 viewargscmd current_viewargscmd
+    upvar #0 viewperm current_viewperm
+    upvar #0 nextviewnum current_nextviewnum
+    upvar #0 use_ttk current_use_ttk
 
     if {$stuffsaved} return
     if {![winfo viewable .]} return
-    catch {
-	if {[file exists ~/.gitk-new]} {file delete -force ~/.gitk-new}
-	set f [open "~/.gitk-new" w]
+    set remove_tmp 0
+    if {[catch {
+	set try_count 0
+	while {[catch {set f [open $config_file_tmp {WRONLY CREAT EXCL}]}]} {
+	    if {[incr try_count] > 50} {
+		error "Unable to write config file: $config_file_tmp exists"
+	    }
+	    after 100
+	}
+	set remove_tmp 1
 	if {$::tcl_platform(platform) eq {windows}} {
-	    file attributes "~/.gitk-new" -hidden true
-	}
-	puts $f [list set mainfont $mainfont]
-	puts $f [list set textfont $textfont]
-	puts $f [list set uifont $uifont]
-	puts $f [list set tabstop $tabstop]
-	puts $f [list set findmergefiles $findmergefiles]
-	puts $f [list set maxgraphpct $maxgraphpct]
-	puts $f [list set maxwidth $maxwidth]
-	puts $f [list set cmitmode $cmitmode]
-	puts $f [list set wrapcomment $wrapcomment]
-	puts $f [list set autoselect $autoselect]
-	puts $f [list set autosellen $autosellen]
-	puts $f [list set showneartags $showneartags]
-	puts $f [list set hideremotes $hideremotes]
-	puts $f [list set showlocalchanges $showlocalchanges]
-	puts $f [list set datetimeformat $datetimeformat]
-	puts $f [list set limitdiffs $limitdiffs]
-	puts $f [list set uicolor $uicolor]
-	puts $f [list set want_ttk $want_ttk]
-	puts $f [list set bgcolor $bgcolor]
-	puts $f [list set fgcolor $fgcolor]
-	puts $f [list set colors $colors]
-	puts $f [list set diffcolors $diffcolors]
-	puts $f [list set markbgcolor $markbgcolor]
-	puts $f [list set diffcontext $diffcontext]
-	puts $f [list set selectbgcolor $selectbgcolor]
-	puts $f [list set extdifftool $extdifftool]
-	puts $f [list set perfile_attrs $perfile_attrs]
+	    file attributes $config_file_tmp -hidden true
+	}
+	if {[file exists $config_file]} {
+	    source $config_file
+	}
+	foreach var_name $config_variables {
+	    upvar #0 $var_name var
+	    upvar 0 $var_name old_var
+	    if {!$config_variable_changed($var_name) && [info exists old_var]} {
+		puts $f [list set $var_name $old_var]
+	    } else {
+		puts $f [list set $var_name $var]
+	    }
+	}
 
 	puts $f "set geometry(main) [wm geometry .]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(state) [wm state .]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(topwidth) [winfo width .tf]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(topheight) [winfo height .tf]"
-	if {$use_ttk} {
+	if {$current_use_ttk} {
 	    puts $f "set geometry(pwsash0) \"[.tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 0] 1\""
 	    puts $f "set geometry(pwsash1) \"[.tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 1] 1\""
 	} else {
@@ -2699,15 +2895,43 @@ proc savestuff {w} {
 	puts $f "set geometry(botwidth) [winfo width .bleft]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(botheight) [winfo height .bleft]"
 
+	array set view_save {}
+	array set views {}
+	if {![info exists permviews]} { set permviews {} }
+	foreach view $permviews {
+	    set view_save([lindex $view 0]) 1
+	    set views([lindex $view 0]) $view
+	}
 	puts -nonewline $f "set permviews {"
-	for {set v 0} {$v < $nextviewnum} {incr v} {
-	    if {$viewperm($v)} {
-		puts $f "{[list $viewname($v) $viewfiles($v) $viewargs($v) $viewargscmd($v)]}"
+	for {set v 1} {$v < $current_nextviewnum} {incr v} {
+	    if {$viewchanged($v)} {
+		if {$current_viewperm($v)} {
+		    set views($current_viewname($v)) [list $current_viewname($v) $current_viewfiles($v) $current_viewargs($v) $current_viewargscmd($v)]
+		} else {
+		    set view_save($current_viewname($v)) 0
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	# write old and updated view to their places and append remaining to the end
+	foreach view $permviews {
+	    set view_name [lindex $view 0]
+	    if {$view_save($view_name)} {
+		puts $f "{$views($view_name)}"
 	    }
+	    unset views($view_name)
+	}
+	foreach view_name [array names views] {
+	    puts $f "{$views($view_name)}"
 	}
 	puts $f "}"
 	close $f
-	file rename -force "~/.gitk-new" "~/.gitk"
+	file rename -force $config_file_tmp $config_file
+	set remove_tmp 0
+    } err]} {
+        puts "Error saving config: $err"
+    }
+    if {$remove_tmp} {
+	file delete -force $config_file_tmp
     }
     set stuffsaved 1
 }
@@ -2797,7 +3021,7 @@ proc bindall {event action} {
 }
 
 proc about {} {
-    global uifont NS
+    global bgcolor NS
     set w .about
     if {[winfo exists $w]} {
 	raise $w
@@ -2809,10 +3033,10 @@ proc about {} {
     message $w.m -text [mc "
 Gitk - a commit viewer for git
 
-Copyright \u00a9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras
+Copyright \u00a9 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras
 
 Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"] \
-	    -justify center -aspect 400 -border 2 -bg white -relief groove
+	    -justify center -aspect 400 -border 2 -bg $bgcolor -relief groove
     pack $w.m -side top -fill x -padx 2 -pady 2
     ${NS}::button $w.ok -text [mc "Close"] -command "destroy $w" -default active
     pack $w.ok -side bottom
@@ -2823,7 +3047,7 @@ Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"] \
 }
 
 proc keys {} {
-    global NS
+    global bgcolor NS
     set w .keys
     if {[winfo exists $w]} {
 	raise $w
@@ -2848,6 +3072,7 @@ proc keys {} {
 [mc "<Down>, n, j	Move down one commit"]
 [mc "<Left>, z, h	Go back in history list"]
 [mc "<Right>, x, l	Go forward in history list"]
+[mc "<%s-n>	Go to n-th parent of current commit in history list" $M1T]
 [mc "<PageUp>	Move up one page in commit list"]
 [mc "<PageDown>	Move down one page in commit list"]
 [mc "<%s-Home>	Scroll to top of commit list" $M1T]
@@ -2866,6 +3091,7 @@ proc keys {} {
 [mc "<%s-F>		Find" $M1T]
 [mc "<%s-G>		Move to next find hit" $M1T]
 [mc "<Return>	Move to next find hit"]
+[mc "g		Go to commit"]
 [mc "/		Focus the search box"]
 [mc "?		Move to previous find hit"]
 [mc "f		Scroll diff view to next file"]
@@ -2877,7 +3103,7 @@ proc keys {} {
 [mc "<%s-minus>	Decrease font size" $M1T]
 [mc "<F5>		Update"]
 " \
-	    -justify left -bg white -border 2 -relief groove
+	    -justify left -bg $bgcolor -border 2 -relief groove
     pack $w.m -side top -fill both -padx 2 -pady 2
     ${NS}::button $w.ok -text [mc "Close"] -command "destroy $w" -default active
     bind $w <Key-Escape> [list destroy $w]
@@ -3171,7 +3397,7 @@ set rectmask {
        0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f,
        0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00};
 }
-image create bitmap reficon-H -background black -foreground green \
+image create bitmap reficon-H -background black -foreground lime \
     -data $rectdata -maskdata $rectmask
 image create bitmap reficon-o -background black -foreground "#ddddff" \
     -data $rectdata -maskdata $rectmask
@@ -3186,7 +3412,7 @@ proc init_flist {first} {
 	set cflist_top 1
 	$cflist tag add highlight 1.0 "1.0 lineend"
     } else {
-	catch {unset cflist_top}
+	unset -nocomplain cflist_top
     }
     $cflist conf -state disabled
     set difffilestart {}
@@ -3254,6 +3480,7 @@ proc sel_flist {w x y} {
     } else {
 	catch {$ctext yview [lindex $difffilestart [expr {$l - 2}]]}
     }
+    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
 }
 
 proc pop_flist_menu {w X Y x y} {
@@ -3324,10 +3551,20 @@ proc flist_hl {only} {
 }
 
 proc gitknewtmpdir {} {
-    global diffnum gitktmpdir gitdir
+    global diffnum gitktmpdir gitdir env
 
     if {![info exists gitktmpdir]} {
-	set gitktmpdir [file join $gitdir [format ".gitk-tmp.%s" [pid]]]
+	if {[info exists env(GITK_TMPDIR)]} {
+	    set tmpdir $env(GITK_TMPDIR)
+	} elseif {[info exists env(TMPDIR)]} {
+	    set tmpdir $env(TMPDIR)
+	} else {
+	    set tmpdir $gitdir
+	}
+	set gitktmpformat [file join $tmpdir ".gitk-tmp.XXXXXX"]
+	if {[catch {set gitktmpdir [exec mktemp -d $gitktmpformat]}]} {
+	    set gitktmpdir [file join $gitdir [format ".gitk-tmp.%s" [pid]]]
+	}
 	if {[catch {file mkdir $gitktmpdir} err]} {
 	    error_popup "[mc "Error creating temporary directory %s:" $gitktmpdir] $err"
 	    unset gitktmpdir
@@ -3702,7 +3939,7 @@ proc read_line_source {fd inst} {
 	    set id $nullid2
 	}
 	if {[commitinview $id $curview]} {
-	    selectline [rowofcommit $id] 1 [list $fname $lnum]
+	    selectline [rowofcommit $id] 1 [list $fname $lnum] 1
 	} else {
 	    error_popup [mc "That line comes from commit %s, \
 			     which is not in this view" [shortids $id]]
@@ -3820,6 +4057,19 @@ proc shellsplit {str} {
     return $l
 }
 
+proc set_window_title {} {
+    global appname curview viewname vrevs
+    set rev [mc "All files"]
+    if {$curview ne 0} {
+	if {$viewname($curview) eq [mc "Command line"]} {
+	    set rev [string map {"--gitk-symmetric-diff-marker" "--merge"} $vrevs($curview)]
+	} else {
+	    set rev $viewname($curview)
+	}
+    }
+    wm title . "[reponame]: $rev - $appname"
+}
+
 # Code to implement multiple views
 
 proc newview {ishighlight} {
@@ -3852,6 +4102,7 @@ set known_view_options {
     {committer t15  .  "--committer=*"  {mc "Committer:"}}
     {loginfo   t15  .. "--grep=*"       {mc "Commit Message:"}}
     {allmatch  b    .. "--all-match"    {mc "Matches all Commit Info criteria"}}
+    {igrep     b    .. "--invert-grep"  {mc "Matches no Commit Info criteria"}}
     {changes_l l    +  {}               {mc "Changes to Files:"}}
     {pickaxe_s r0   .  {}               {mc "Fixed String"}}
     {pickaxe_t r1   .  "--pickaxe-regex"  {mc "Regular Expression"}}
@@ -4113,7 +4364,7 @@ proc allviewmenus {n op args} {
 
 proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
     global nextviewnum newviewperm newviewname newishighlight
-    global viewname viewfiles viewperm selectedview curview
+    global viewname viewfiles viewperm viewchanged selectedview curview
     global viewargs viewargscmd newviewopts viewhlmenu
 
     if {[catch {
@@ -4134,6 +4385,7 @@ proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
 	incr nextviewnum
 	set viewname($n) $newviewname($n)
 	set viewperm($n) $newviewopts($n,perm)
+	set viewchanged($n) 1
 	set viewfiles($n) $files
 	set viewargs($n) $newargs
 	set viewargscmd($n) $newviewopts($n,cmd)
@@ -4146,6 +4398,7 @@ proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
     } else {
 	# editing an existing view
 	set viewperm($n) $newviewopts($n,perm)
+	set viewchanged($n) 1
 	if {$newviewname($n) ne $viewname($n)} {
 	    set viewname($n) $newviewname($n)
 	    doviewmenu .bar.view 5 [list showview $n] \
@@ -4168,7 +4421,7 @@ proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
 }
 
 proc delview {} {
-    global curview viewperm hlview selectedhlview
+    global curview viewperm hlview selectedhlview viewchanged
 
     if {$curview == 0} return
     if {[info exists hlview] && $hlview == $curview} {
@@ -4177,6 +4430,7 @@ proc delview {} {
     }
     allviewmenus $curview delete
     set viewperm($curview) 0
+    set viewchanged($curview) 1
     showview 0
 }
 
@@ -4220,20 +4474,20 @@ proc showview {n} {
     }
     unselectline
     normalline
-    catch {unset treediffs}
+    unset -nocomplain treediffs
     clear_display
     if {[info exists hlview] && $hlview == $n} {
 	unset hlview
 	set selectedhlview [mc "None"]
     }
-    catch {unset commitinterest}
-    catch {unset cached_commitrow}
-    catch {unset ordertok}
+    unset -nocomplain commitinterest
+    unset -nocomplain cached_commitrow
+    unset -nocomplain ordertok
 
     set curview $n
     set selectedview $n
-    .bar.view entryconf [mca "Edit view..."] -state [expr {$n == 0? "disabled": "normal"}]
-    .bar.view entryconf [mca "Delete view"] -state [expr {$n == 0? "disabled": "normal"}]
+    .bar.view entryconf [mca "&Edit view..."] -state [expr {$n == 0? "disabled": "normal"}]
+    .bar.view entryconf [mca "&Delete view"] -state [expr {$n == 0? "disabled": "normal"}]
 
     run refill_reflist
     if {![info exists viewcomplete($n)]} {
@@ -4248,8 +4502,8 @@ proc showview {n} {
     set rowfinal {}
     set numcommits $commitidx($n)
 
-    catch {unset colormap}
-    catch {unset rowtextx}
+    unset -nocomplain colormap
+    unset -nocomplain rowtextx
     set nextcolor 0
     set canvxmax [$canv cget -width]
     set curview $n
@@ -4292,6 +4546,7 @@ proc showview {n} {
     } elseif {$numcommits == 0} {
 	show_status [mc "No commits selected"]
     }
+    set_window_title
 }
 
 # Stuff relating to the highlighting facility
@@ -4383,7 +4638,7 @@ proc delvhighlight {} {
 
     if {![info exists hlview]} return
     unset hlview
-    catch {unset vhighlights}
+    unset -nocomplain vhighlights
     unbolden
 }
 
@@ -4431,7 +4686,7 @@ proc hfiles_change {} {
 	# delete previous highlights
 	catch {close $filehighlight}
 	unset filehighlight
-	catch {unset fhighlights}
+	unset -nocomplain fhighlights
 	unbolden
 	unhighlight_filelist
     }
@@ -4492,7 +4747,7 @@ proc findcom_change args {
 	bolden_name $id mainfont
     }
     set boldnameids {}
-    catch {unset nhighlights}
+    unset -nocomplain nhighlights
     unbolden
     unmarkmatches
     if {$gdttype ne [mc "containing:"] || $findstring eq {}} {
@@ -4540,6 +4795,8 @@ proc do_file_hl {serial} {
 	set gdtargs [concat -- $relative_paths]
     } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "adding/removing string:"]} {
 	set gdtargs [list "-S$highlight_files"]
+    } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "changing lines matching:"]} {
+	set gdtargs [list "-G$highlight_files"]
     } else {
 	# must be "containing:", i.e. we're searching commit info
 	return
@@ -4630,8 +4887,9 @@ proc askfindhighlight {row id} {
     }
     set info $commitinfo($id)
     set isbold 0
-    set fldtypes [list [mc Headline] [mc Author] [mc Date] [mc Committer] [mc CDate] [mc Comments]]
+    set fldtypes [list [mc Headline] [mc Author] "" [mc Committer] "" [mc Comments]]
     foreach f $info ty $fldtypes {
+	if {$ty eq ""} continue
 	if {($findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq $ty) &&
 	    [doesmatch $f]} {
 	    if {$ty eq [mc "Author"]} {
@@ -4692,9 +4950,9 @@ proc rhighlight_sel {a} {
     global descendent desc_todo ancestor anc_todo
     global highlight_related
 
-    catch {unset descendent}
+    unset -nocomplain descendent
     set desc_todo [list $a]
-    catch {unset ancestor}
+    unset -nocomplain ancestor
     set anc_todo [list $a]
     if {$highlight_related ne [mc "None"]} {
 	rhighlight_none
@@ -4705,7 +4963,7 @@ proc rhighlight_sel {a} {
 proc rhighlight_none {} {
     global rhighlights
 
-    catch {unset rhighlights}
+    unset -nocomplain rhighlights
     unbolden
 }
 
@@ -4913,8 +5171,8 @@ proc initlayout {} {
     set rowisopt {}
     set rowfinal {}
     set canvxmax [$canv cget -width]
-    catch {unset colormap}
-    catch {unset rowtextx}
+    unset -nocomplain colormap
+    unset -nocomplain rowtextx
     setcanvscroll
 }
 
@@ -5034,11 +5292,15 @@ proc dohidelocalchanges {} {
 # spawn off a process to do git diff-index --cached HEAD
 proc dodiffindex {} {
     global lserial showlocalchanges vfilelimit curview
-    global hasworktree
+    global hasworktree git_version
 
     if {!$showlocalchanges || !$hasworktree} return
     incr lserial
-    set cmd "|git diff-index --cached HEAD"
+    if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.7.2"] >= 0} {
+	set cmd "|git diff-index --cached --ignore-submodules=dirty HEAD"
+    } else {
+	set cmd "|git diff-index --cached HEAD"
+    }
     if {$vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
 	set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
     }
@@ -5847,15 +6109,17 @@ proc drawcmittext {id row col} {
     global linehtag linentag linedtag selectedline
     global canvxmax boldids boldnameids fgcolor markedid
     global mainheadid nullid nullid2 circleitem circlecolors ctxbut
+    global mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor indexcirclecolor
+    global circleoutlinecolor
 
     # listed is 0 for boundary, 1 for normal, 2 for negative, 3 for left, 4 for right
     set listed $cmitlisted($curview,$id)
     if {$id eq $nullid} {
-	set ofill red
+	set ofill $workingfilescirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $nullid2} {
-	set ofill green
+	set ofill $indexcirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $listed]
     }
@@ -5865,21 +6129,21 @@ proc drawcmittext {id row col} {
     if {$listed <= 2} {
 	set t [$canv create oval [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } elseif {$listed == 3} {
 	# triangle pointing left for left-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } else {
 	# triangle pointing right for right-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     }
     set circleitem($row) $t
     $canv raise $t
@@ -6141,17 +6405,17 @@ proc clear_display {} {
     global linehtag linentag linedtag boldids boldnameids
 
     allcanvs delete all
-    catch {unset iddrawn}
-    catch {unset linesegs}
-    catch {unset linehtag}
-    catch {unset linentag}
-    catch {unset linedtag}
+    unset -nocomplain iddrawn
+    unset -nocomplain linesegs
+    unset -nocomplain linehtag
+    unset -nocomplain linentag
+    unset -nocomplain linedtag
     set boldids {}
     set boldnameids {}
-    catch {unset vhighlights}
-    catch {unset fhighlights}
-    catch {unset nhighlights}
-    catch {unset rhighlights}
+    unset -nocomplain vhighlights
+    unset -nocomplain fhighlights
+    unset -nocomplain nhighlights
+    unset -nocomplain rhighlights
     set need_redisplay 0
     set nrows_drawn 0
 }
@@ -6263,17 +6527,57 @@ proc bindline {t id} {
     $canv bind $t <Button-1> "lineclick %x %y $id 1"
 }
 
+proc graph_pane_width {} {
+    global use_ttk
+
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	set g [.tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 0]
+    } else {
+	set g [.tf.histframe.pwclist sash coord 0]
+    }
+    return [lindex $g 0]
+}
+
+proc totalwidth {l font extra} {
+    set tot 0
+    foreach str $l {
+	set tot [expr {$tot + [font measure $font $str] + $extra}]
+    }
+    return $tot
+}
+
 proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
     global idtags idheads idotherrefs mainhead
     global linespc lthickness
     global canv rowtextx curview fgcolor bgcolor ctxbut
+    global headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor remotebgcolor
+    global tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor
+    global reflinecolor
 
     set marks {}
     set ntags 0
     set nheads 0
+    set singletag 0
+    set maxtags 3
+    set maxtagpct 25
+    set maxwidth [expr {[graph_pane_width] * $maxtagpct / 100}]
+    set delta [expr {int(0.5 * ($linespc - $lthickness))}]
+    set extra [expr {$delta + $lthickness + $linespc}]
+
     if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
 	set marks $idtags($id)
 	set ntags [llength $marks]
+	if {$ntags > $maxtags ||
+	    [totalwidth $marks mainfont $extra] > $maxwidth} {
+	    # show just a single "n tags..." tag
+	    set singletag 1
+	    if {$ntags == 1} {
+		set marks [list "tag..."]
+	    } else {
+		set marks [list [format "%d tags..." $ntags]]
+	    }
+	    set ntags 1
+	}
     }
     if {[info exists idheads($id)]} {
 	set marks [concat $marks $idheads($id)]
@@ -6286,7 +6590,6 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 	return $xt
     }
 
-    set delta [expr {int(0.5 * ($linespc - $lthickness))}]
     set yt [expr {$y1 - 0.5 * $linespc}]
     set yb [expr {$yt + $linespc - 1}]
     set xvals {}
@@ -6301,10 +6604,10 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 	}
 	lappend xvals $xt
 	lappend wvals $wid
-	set xt [expr {$xt + $delta + $wid + $lthickness + $linespc}]
+	set xt [expr {$xt + $wid + $extra}]
     }
     set t [$canv create line $x $y1 [lindex $xvals end] $y1 \
-	       -width $lthickness -fill black -tags tag.$id]
+	       -width $lthickness -fill $reflinecolor -tags tag.$id]
     $canv lower $t
     foreach tag $marks x $xvals wid $wvals {
 	set tag_quoted [string map {% %%} $tag]
@@ -6315,13 +6618,19 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 	    # draw a tag
 	    set t [$canv create polygon $x [expr {$yt + $delta}] $xl $yt \
 		       $xr $yt $xr $yb $xl $yb $x [expr {$yb - $delta}] \
-		       -width 1 -outline black -fill yellow -tags tag.$id]
-	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
+		       -width 1 -outline $tagoutlinecolor -fill $tagbgcolor \
+		       -tags tag.$id]
+	    if {$singletag} {
+		set tagclick [list showtags $id 1]
+	    } else {
+		set tagclick [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
+	    }
+	    $canv bind $t <1> $tagclick
 	    set rowtextx([rowofcommit $id]) [expr {$xr + $linespc}]
 	} else {
 	    # draw a head or other ref
 	    if {[incr nheads -1] >= 0} {
-		set col green
+		set col $headbgcolor
 		if {$tag eq $mainhead} {
 		    set font mainfontbold
 		}
@@ -6337,13 +6646,13 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 		set yti [expr {$yt + 1}]
 		set xri [expr {$x + $rwid}]
 		$canv create polygon $xi $yti $xri $yti $xri $yb $xi $yb \
-			-width 0 -fill "#ffddaa" -tags tag.$id
+			-width 0 -fill $remotebgcolor -tags tag.$id
 	    }
 	}
-	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $fgcolor \
+	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $headfgcolor \
 		   -font $font -tags [list tag.$id text]]
 	if {$ntags >= 0} {
-	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
+	    $canv bind $t <1> $tagclick
 	} elseif {$nheads >= 0} {
 	    $canv bind $t $ctxbut [list headmenu %X %Y $id $tag_quoted]
 	}
@@ -6378,6 +6687,7 @@ proc show_status {msg} {
     global canv fgcolor
 
     clear_display
+    set_window_title
     $canv create text 3 3 -anchor nw -text $msg -font mainfont \
 	-tags text -fill $fgcolor
 }
@@ -6492,7 +6802,7 @@ proc findmore {} {
     if {![info exists find_dirn]} {
 	return 0
     }
-    set fldtypes [list [mc "Headline"] [mc "Author"] [mc "Date"] [mc "Committer"] [mc "CDate"] [mc "Comments"]]
+    set fldtypes [list [mc "Headline"] [mc "Author"] "" [mc "Committer"] "" [mc "Comments"]]
     set l $findcurline
     set moretodo 0
     if {$find_dirn > 0} {
@@ -6553,6 +6863,7 @@ proc findmore {} {
 	    }
 	    set info $commitinfo($id)
 	    foreach f $info ty $fldtypes {
+		if {$ty eq ""} continue
 		if {($findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq $ty) &&
 		    [doesmatch $f]} {
 		    set found 1
@@ -6705,7 +7016,7 @@ proc appendwithlinks {text tags} {
 
     set start [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
     $ctext insert end $text $tags
-    set links [regexp -indices -all -inline {\m[0-9a-f]{6,40}\M} $text]
+    set links [regexp -indices -all -inline {(?:\m|-g)[0-9a-f]{6,40}\M} $text]
     foreach l $links {
 	set s [lindex $l 0]
 	set e [lindex $l 1]
@@ -6720,6 +7031,11 @@ proc appendwithlinks {text tags} {
 
 proc setlink {id lk} {
     global curview ctext pendinglinks
+    global linkfgcolor
+
+    if {[string range $id 0 1] eq "-g"} {
+      set id [string range $id 2 end]
+    }
 
     set known 0
     if {[string length $id] < 40} {
@@ -6733,7 +7049,7 @@ proc setlink {id lk} {
 	set known [commitinview $id $curview]
     }
     if {$known} {
-	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground blue -underline 1
+	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground $linkfgcolor -underline 1
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <1> [list selbyid $id]
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Enter> {linkcursor %W 1}
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Leave> {linkcursor %W -1}
@@ -6796,7 +7112,7 @@ proc viewnextline {dir} {
 # add a list of tag or branch names at position pos
 # returns the number of names inserted
 proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
-    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs
+    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs visiblerefs mainheadid
 
     if {[catch {$ctext index $pos}]} {
 	return 0
@@ -6809,24 +7125,54 @@ proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
 	    lappend tags [list $tag $id]
 	}
     }
+
+    set sep {}
+    set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
+    set nutags 0
+
     if {[llength $tags] > $maxrefs} {
-	$ctext insert $pos "[mc "many"] ([llength $tags])"
-    } else {
-	set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
-	set sep {}
-	foreach ti $tags {
-	    set id [lindex $ti 1]
-	    set lk link$linknum
-	    incr linknum
-	    $ctext tag delete $lk
-	    $ctext insert $pos $sep
-	    $ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
-	    setlink $id $lk
-	    set sep ", "
+	# If we are displaying heads, and there are too many,
+	# see if there are some important heads to display.
+	# Currently that are the current head and heads listed in $visiblerefs option
+	set itags {}
+	if {$var eq "idheads"} {
+	    set utags {}
+	    foreach ti $tags {
+		set hname [lindex $ti 0]
+		set id [lindex $ti 1]
+		if {([lsearch -exact $visiblerefs $hname] != -1 || $id eq $mainheadid) &&
+		    [llength $itags] < $maxrefs} {
+		    lappend itags $ti
+		} else {
+		    lappend utags $ti
+		}
+	    }
+	    set tags $utags
+	}
+	if {$itags ne {}} {
+	    set str [mc "and many more"]
+	    set sep " "
+	} else {
+	    set str [mc "many"]
 	}
+	$ctext insert $pos "$str ([llength $tags])"
+	set nutags [llength $tags]
+	set tags $itags
+    }
+
+    foreach ti $tags {
+	set id [lindex $ti 1]
+	set lk link$linknum
+	incr linknum
+	$ctext tag delete $lk
+	$ctext insert $pos $sep
+	$ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
+	setlink $id $lk
+	set sep ", "
     }
+    $ctext tag add wwrap "$pos linestart" "$pos lineend"
     $ctext conf -state disabled
-    return [llength $tags]
+    return [expr {[llength $tags] + $nutags}]
 }
 
 # called when we have finished computing the nearby tags
@@ -6907,7 +7253,7 @@ proc make_idmark {id} {
     $canv raise $t
 }
 
-proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
+proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}} {switch_to_patch 0}} {
     global canv ctext commitinfo selectedline
     global canvy0 linespc parents children curview
     global currentid sha1entry
@@ -6916,8 +7262,9 @@ proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
     global cmitmode showneartags allcommits
     global targetrow targetid lastscrollrows
     global autoselect autosellen jump_to_here
+    global vinlinediff
 
-    catch {unset pending_select}
+    unset -nocomplain pending_select
     $canv delete hover
     normalline
     unsel_reflist
@@ -6932,6 +7279,10 @@ proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
 	setcanvscroll
     }
 
+    if {$cmitmode ne "patch" && $switch_to_patch} {
+        set cmitmode "patch"
+    }
+
     set y [expr {$canvy0 + $l * $linespc}]
     set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
     set ytop [expr {$y - $linespc - 1}]
@@ -7057,6 +7408,8 @@ proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
     init_flist [mc "Comments"]
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} {
 	gettree $id
+    } elseif {$vinlinediff($curview) == 1} {
+	showinlinediff $id
     } elseif {[llength $olds] <= 1} {
 	startdiff $id
     } else {
@@ -7109,7 +7462,7 @@ proc unselectline {} {
     global selectedline currentid
 
     set selectedline {}
-    catch {unset currentid}
+    unset -nocomplain currentid
     allcanvs delete secsel
     rhighlight_none
 }
@@ -7165,7 +7518,7 @@ proc unset_posvars {} {
     if {[info exists last_posvars]} {
 	foreach {var val} $last_posvars {
 	    global $var
-	    catch {unset $var}
+	    unset -nocomplain $var
 	}
 	unset last_posvars
     }
@@ -7220,12 +7573,20 @@ proc goforw {} {
     }
 }
 
+proc go_to_parent {i} {
+    global parents curview targetid
+    set ps $parents($curview,$targetid)
+    if {[llength $ps] >= $i} {
+	selbyid [lindex $ps [expr $i - 1]]
+    }
+}
+
 proc gettree {id} {
     global treefilelist treeidlist diffids diffmergeid treepending
     global nullid nullid2
 
     set diffids $id
-    catch {unset diffmergeid}
+    unset -nocomplain diffmergeid
     if {![info exists treefilelist($id)]} {
 	if {![info exists treepending]} {
 	    if {$id eq $nullid} {
@@ -7381,7 +7742,7 @@ proc startdiff {ids} {
 
     settabs 1
     set diffids $ids
-    catch {unset diffmergeid}
+    unset -nocomplain diffmergeid
     if {![info exists treediffs($ids)] ||
 	[lsearch -exact $ids $nullid] >= 0 ||
 	[lsearch -exact $ids $nullid2] >= 0} {
@@ -7393,19 +7754,48 @@ proc startdiff {ids} {
     }
 }
 
+proc showinlinediff {ids} {
+    global commitinfo commitdata ctext
+    global treediffs
+
+    set info $commitinfo($ids)
+    set diff [lindex $info 7]
+    set difflines [split $diff "\n"]
+
+    initblobdiffvars
+    set treediff {}
+
+    set inhdr 0
+    foreach line $difflines {
+	if {![string compare -length 5 "diff " $line]} {
+	    set inhdr 1
+	} elseif {$inhdr && ![string compare -length 4 "+++ " $line]} {
+	    # offset also accounts for the b/ prefix
+	    lappend treediff [string range $line 6 end]
+	    set inhdr 0
+	}
+    }
+
+    set treediffs($ids) $treediff
+    add_flist $treediff
+
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    foreach line $difflines {
+	parseblobdiffline $ids $line
+    }
+    maybe_scroll_ctext 1
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+}
+
+# If the filename (name) is under any of the passed filter paths
+# then return true to include the file in the listing.
 proc path_filter {filter name} {
+    set worktree [gitworktree]
     foreach p $filter {
-	set l [string length $p]
-	if {[string index $p end] eq "/"} {
-	    if {[string compare -length $l $p $name] == 0} {
-		return 1
-	    }
-	} else {
-	    if {[string compare -length $l $p $name] == 0 &&
-		([string length $name] == $l ||
-		 [string index $name $l] eq "/")} {
-		return 1
-	    }
+	set fq_p [file normalize $p]
+	set fq_n [file normalize [file join $worktree $name]]
+	if {[string match [file normalize $fq_p]* $fq_n]} {
+	    return 1
 	}
     }
     return 0
@@ -7419,7 +7809,7 @@ proc addtocflist {ids} {
 }
 
 proc diffcmd {ids flags} {
-    global nullid nullid2
+    global log_showroot nullid nullid2 git_version
 
     set i [lsearch -exact $ids $nullid]
     set j [lsearch -exact $ids $nullid2]
@@ -7440,6 +7830,9 @@ proc diffcmd {ids flags} {
 	    }
 	}
     } elseif {$j >= 0} {
+	if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.7.2"] >= 0} {
+	    set flags "$flags --ignore-submodules=dirty"
+	}
 	set cmd [concat | git diff-index --cached $flags]
 	if {[llength $ids] > 1} {
 	    # comparing index with specific revision
@@ -7453,15 +7846,22 @@ proc diffcmd {ids flags} {
 	    lappend cmd HEAD
 	}
     } else {
+	if {$log_showroot} {
+	    lappend flags --root
+	}
 	set cmd [concat | git diff-tree -r $flags $ids]
     }
     return $cmd
 }
 
 proc gettreediffs {ids} {
-    global treediff treepending
+    global treediff treepending limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
 
-    if {[catch {set gdtf [open [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}] r]}]} return
+    set cmd [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}]
+    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	    set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
+    }
+    if {[catch {set gdtf [open $cmd r]}]} return
 
     set treepending $ids
     set treediff {}
@@ -7505,17 +7905,7 @@ proc gettreediffline {gdtf ids} {
 	return [expr {$nr >= $max? 2: 1}]
     }
     close $gdtf
-    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
-	set flist {}
-	foreach f $treediff {
-	    if {[path_filter $vfilelimit($curview) $f]} {
-		lappend flist $f
-	    }
-	}
-	set treediffs($ids) $flist
-    } else {
-	set treediffs($ids) $treediff
-    }
+    set treediffs($ids) $treediff
     unset treepending
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree" && [llength $diffids] == 1} {
 	gettree $diffids
@@ -7553,15 +7943,25 @@ proc changeworddiff {name ix op} {
     reselectline
 }
 
+proc initblobdiffvars {} {
+    global diffencoding targetline diffnparents
+    global diffinhdr currdiffsubmod diffseehere
+    set targetline {}
+    set diffnparents 0
+    set diffinhdr 0
+    set diffencoding [get_path_encoding {}]
+    set currdiffsubmod ""
+    set diffseehere -1
+}
+
 proc getblobdiffs {ids} {
     global blobdifffd diffids env
-    global diffinhdr treediffs
+    global treediffs
     global diffcontext
     global ignorespace
     global worddiff
     global limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
-    global diffencoding targetline diffnparents
-    global git_version currdiffsubmod
+    global git_version
 
     set textconv {}
     if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.1"] >= 0} {
@@ -7585,13 +7985,9 @@ proc getblobdiffs {ids} {
 	error_popup [mc "Error getting diffs: %s" $err]
 	return
     }
-    set targetline {}
-    set diffnparents 0
-    set diffinhdr 0
-    set diffencoding [get_path_encoding {}]
     fconfigure $bdf -blocking 0 -encoding binary -eofchar {}
     set blobdifffd($ids) $bdf
-    set currdiffsubmod ""
+    initblobdiffvars
     filerun $bdf [list getblobdiffline $bdf $diffids]
 }
 
@@ -7657,13 +8053,17 @@ proc makediffhdr {fname ids} {
     set diffline 0
 }
 
+proc blobdiffmaybeseehere {ateof} {
+    global diffseehere
+    if {$diffseehere >= 0} {
+	mark_ctext_line [lindex [split $diffseehere .] 0]
+    }
+    maybe_scroll_ctext $ateof
+}
+
 proc getblobdiffline {bdf ids} {
-    global diffids blobdifffd ctext curdiffstart
-    global diffnexthead diffnextnote difffilestart
-    global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
-    global diffinhdr treediffs mergemax diffnparents
-    global diffencoding jump_to_here targetline diffline currdiffsubmod
-    global worddiff
+    global diffids blobdifffd
+    global ctext
 
     set nr 0
     $ctext conf -state normal
@@ -7672,212 +8072,220 @@ proc getblobdiffline {bdf ids} {
 	    catch {close $bdf}
 	    return 0
 	}
-	if {![string compare -length 5 "diff " $line]} {
-	    if {![regexp {^diff (--cc|--git) } $line m type]} {
-		set line [encoding convertfrom $line]
-		$ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
-		continue
+	parseblobdiffline $ids $line
+    }
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    blobdiffmaybeseehere [eof $bdf]
+    if {[eof $bdf]} {
+	catch {close $bdf}
+	return 0
+    }
+    return [expr {$nr >= 1000? 2: 1}]
+}
+
+proc parseblobdiffline {ids line} {
+    global ctext curdiffstart
+    global diffnexthead diffnextnote difffilestart
+    global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
+    global diffinhdr treediffs mergemax diffnparents
+    global diffencoding jump_to_here targetline diffline currdiffsubmod
+    global worddiff diffseehere
+
+    if {![string compare -length 5 "diff " $line]} {
+	if {![regexp {^diff (--cc|--git) } $line m type]} {
+	    set line [encoding convertfrom $line]
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+	    continue
+	}
+	# start of a new file
+	set diffinhdr 1
+	$ctext insert end "\n"
+	set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	lappend ctext_file_names ""
+	lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
+	$ctext insert end "\n" filesep
+
+	if {$type eq "--cc"} {
+	    # start of a new file in a merge diff
+	    set fname [string range $line 10 end]
+	    if {[lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname] < 0} {
+		lappend treediffs($ids) $fname
+		add_flist [list $fname]
 	    }
-	    # start of a new file
-	    set diffinhdr 1
-	    $ctext insert end "\n"
-	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
-	    lappend ctext_file_names ""
-	    lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
-	    $ctext insert end "\n" filesep
-
-	    if {$type eq "--cc"} {
-		# start of a new file in a merge diff
-		set fname [string range $line 10 end]
-		if {[lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname] < 0} {
-		    lappend treediffs($ids) $fname
-		    add_flist [list $fname]
-		}
 
+	} else {
+	    set line [string range $line 11 end]
+	    # If the name hasn't changed the length will be odd,
+	    # the middle char will be a space, and the two bits either
+	    # side will be a/name and b/name, or "a/name" and "b/name".
+	    # If the name has changed we'll get "rename from" and
+	    # "rename to" or "copy from" and "copy to" lines following
+	    # this, and we'll use them to get the filenames.
+	    # This complexity is necessary because spaces in the
+	    # filename(s) don't get escaped.
+	    set l [string length $line]
+	    set i [expr {$l / 2}]
+	    if {!(($l & 1) && [string index $line $i] eq " " &&
+		  [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]] eq \
+		      [string range $line [expr {$i + 3}] end])} {
+		return
+	    }
+	    # unescape if quoted and chop off the a/ from the front
+	    if {[string index $line 0] eq "\""} {
+		set fname [string range [lindex $line 0] 2 end]
 	    } else {
-		set line [string range $line 11 end]
-		# If the name hasn't changed the length will be odd,
-		# the middle char will be a space, and the two bits either
-		# side will be a/name and b/name, or "a/name" and "b/name".
-		# If the name has changed we'll get "rename from" and
-		# "rename to" or "copy from" and "copy to" lines following
-		# this, and we'll use them to get the filenames.
-		# This complexity is necessary because spaces in the
-		# filename(s) don't get escaped.
-		set l [string length $line]
-		set i [expr {$l / 2}]
-		if {!(($l & 1) && [string index $line $i] eq " " &&
-		      [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]] eq \
-			  [string range $line [expr {$i + 3}] end])} {
-		    continue
-		}
-		# unescape if quoted and chop off the a/ from the front
-		if {[string index $line 0] eq "\""} {
-		    set fname [string range [lindex $line 0] 2 end]
-		} else {
-		    set fname [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]]
-		}
+		set fname [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]]
 	    }
-	    makediffhdr $fname $ids
+	}
+	makediffhdr $fname $ids
+
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 16 "* Unmerged path " $line]} {
+	set fname [encoding convertfrom [string range $line 16 end]]
+	$ctext insert end "\n"
+	set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	lappend ctext_file_names $fname
+	lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
+	set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
+	if {$i >= 0} {
+	    setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
+	}
 
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 16 "* Unmerged path " $line]} {
-	    set fname [encoding convertfrom [string range $line 16 end]]
-	    $ctext insert end "\n"
-	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
-	    lappend ctext_file_names $fname
-	    lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 2 "@@" $line]} {
+	regexp {^@@+} $line ats
+	set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+	if {[regexp { \+(\d+),\d+ @@} $line m nl]} {
+	    set diffline $nl
+	}
+	set diffnparents [expr {[string length $ats] - 1}]
+	set diffinhdr 0
+
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 10 "Submodule " $line]} {
+	# start of a new submodule
+	if {[regexp -indices "\[0-9a-f\]+\\.\\." $line nameend]} {
+	    set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [lindex $nameend 0] - 2]]
+	} else {
+	    set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [string first "contains " $line] - 2]]
+	}
+	if {$currdiffsubmod != $fname} {
+	    $ctext insert end "\n";     # Add newline after commit message
+	}
+	set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	lappend ctext_file_names ""
+	if {$currdiffsubmod != $fname} {
+	    lappend ctext_file_lines $fname
+	    makediffhdr $fname $ids
+	    set currdiffsubmod $fname
+	    $ctext insert end "\n$line\n" filesep
+	} else {
 	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
+	}
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  >" $line]} {
+	set $currdiffsubmod ""
+	set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" dresult
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  <" $line]} {
+	set $currdiffsubmod ""
+	set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" d0
+    } elseif {$diffinhdr} {
+	if {![string compare -length 12 "rename from " $line]} {
+	    set fname [string range $line [expr 6 + [string first " from " $line] ] end]
+	    if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
+		set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+	    }
+	    set fname [encoding convertfrom $fname]
 	    set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
 	    if {$i >= 0} {
 		setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
 	    }
-
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 2 "@@" $line]} {
-	    regexp {^@@+} $line ats
-	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
-	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
-	    if {[regexp { \+(\d+),\d+ @@} $line m nl]} {
-		set diffline $nl
+	} elseif {![string compare -length 10 $line "rename to "] ||
+		  ![string compare -length 8 $line "copy to "]} {
+	    set fname [string range $line [expr 4 + [string first " to " $line] ] end]
+	    if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
+		set fname [lindex $fname 0]
 	    }
-	    set diffnparents [expr {[string length $ats] - 1}]
+	    makediffhdr $fname $ids
+	} elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "---"] == 0} {
+	    # do nothing
+	    return
+	} elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "+++"] == 0} {
 	    set diffinhdr 0
+	    return
+	}
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
 
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 10 "Submodule " $line]} {
-	    # start of a new submodule
-	    if {[regexp -indices "\[0-9a-f\]+\\.\\." $line nameend]} {
-		set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [lindex $nameend 0] - 2]]
-	    } else {
-		set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [string first "contains " $line] - 2]]
-	    }
-	    if {$currdiffsubmod != $fname} {
-		$ctext insert end "\n";     # Add newline after commit message
-	    }
-	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
-	    lappend ctext_file_names ""
-	    if {$currdiffsubmod != $fname} {
-		lappend ctext_file_lines $fname
-		makediffhdr $fname $ids
-		set currdiffsubmod $fname
-		$ctext insert end "\n$line\n" filesep
-	    } else {
-		$ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
-	    }
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  >" $line]} {
-	    set $currdiffsubmod ""
-	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
-	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" dresult
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  <" $line]} {
-	    set $currdiffsubmod ""
-	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
-	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" d0
-	} elseif {$diffinhdr} {
-	    if {![string compare -length 12 "rename from " $line]} {
-		set fname [string range $line [expr 6 + [string first " from " $line] ] end]
-		if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
-		    set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+    } else {
+	set line [string map {\x1A ^Z} \
+		      [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]]
+	# parse the prefix - one ' ', '-' or '+' for each parent
+	set prefix [string range $line 0 [expr {$diffnparents - 1}]]
+	set tag [expr {$diffnparents > 1? "m": "d"}]
+	set dowords [expr {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"] && $diffnparents == 1}]
+	set words_pre_markup ""
+	set words_post_markup ""
+	if {[string trim $prefix " -+"] eq {}} {
+	    # prefix only has " ", "-" and "+" in it: normal diff line
+	    set num [string first "-" $prefix]
+	    if {$dowords} {
+		set line [string range $line 1 end]
+	    }
+	    if {$num >= 0} {
+		# removed line, first parent with line is $num
+		if {$num >= $mergemax} {
+		    set num "max"
 		}
-		set fname [encoding convertfrom $fname]
-		set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
-		if {$i >= 0} {
-		    setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
+		if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
+		    $ctext insert end "\[-$line-\]" $tag$num
+		} else {
+		    $ctext insert end "$line" $tag$num
 		}
-	    } elseif {![string compare -length 10 $line "rename to "] ||
-		      ![string compare -length 8 $line "copy to "]} {
-		set fname [string range $line [expr 4 + [string first " to " $line] ] end]
-		if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
-		    set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+		if {!$dowords} {
+		    $ctext insert end "\n" $tag$num
 		}
-		makediffhdr $fname $ids
-	    } elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "---"] == 0} {
-		# do nothing
-		continue
-	    } elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "+++"] == 0} {
-		set diffinhdr 0
-		continue
-	    }
-	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
-
-	} else {
-	    set line [string map {\x1A ^Z} \
-                          [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]]
-	    # parse the prefix - one ' ', '-' or '+' for each parent
-	    set prefix [string range $line 0 [expr {$diffnparents - 1}]]
-	    set tag [expr {$diffnparents > 1? "m": "d"}]
-	    set dowords [expr {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"] && $diffnparents == 1}]
-	    set words_pre_markup ""
-	    set words_post_markup ""
-	    if {[string trim $prefix " -+"] eq {}} {
-		# prefix only has " ", "-" and "+" in it: normal diff line
-		set num [string first "-" $prefix]
-		if {$dowords} {
-		    set line [string range $line 1 end]
-		}
-		if {$num >= 0} {
-		    # removed line, first parent with line is $num
-		    if {$num >= $mergemax} {
-			set num "max"
-		    }
-		    if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
-			$ctext insert end "\[-$line-\]" $tag$num
-		    } else {
-			$ctext insert end "$line" $tag$num
-		    }
-		    if {!$dowords} {
-			$ctext insert end "\n" $tag$num
-		    }
-		} else {
-		    set tags {}
-		    if {[string first "+" $prefix] >= 0} {
-			# added line
-			lappend tags ${tag}result
-			if {$diffnparents > 1} {
-			    set num [string first " " $prefix]
-			    if {$num >= 0} {
-				if {$num >= $mergemax} {
-				    set num "max"
-				}
-				lappend tags m$num
+	    } else {
+		set tags {}
+		if {[string first "+" $prefix] >= 0} {
+		    # added line
+		    lappend tags ${tag}result
+		    if {$diffnparents > 1} {
+			set num [string first " " $prefix]
+			if {$num >= 0} {
+			    if {$num >= $mergemax} {
+				set num "max"
 			    }
-			}
-			set words_pre_markup "{+"
-			set words_post_markup "+}"
-		    }
-		    if {$targetline ne {}} {
-			if {$diffline == $targetline} {
-			    set seehere [$ctext index "end - 1 chars"]
-			    set targetline {}
-			} else {
-			    incr diffline
+			    lappend tags m$num
 			}
 		    }
-		    if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
-			$ctext insert end "$words_pre_markup$line$words_post_markup" $tags
+		    set words_pre_markup "{+"
+		    set words_post_markup "+}"
+		}
+		if {$targetline ne {}} {
+		    if {$diffline == $targetline} {
+			set diffseehere [$ctext index "end - 1 chars"]
+			set targetline {}
 		    } else {
-			$ctext insert end "$line" $tags
-		    }
-		    if {!$dowords} {
-			$ctext insert end "\n" $tags
+			incr diffline
 		    }
 		}
-	    } elseif {$dowords && $prefix eq "~"} {
-		$ctext insert end "\n" {}
-	    } else {
-		# "\ No newline at end of file",
-		# or something else we don't recognize
-		$ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+		if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
+		    $ctext insert end "$words_pre_markup$line$words_post_markup" $tags
+		} else {
+		    $ctext insert end "$line" $tags
+		}
+		if {!$dowords} {
+		    $ctext insert end "\n" $tags
+		}
 	    }
+	} elseif {$dowords && $prefix eq "~"} {
+	    $ctext insert end "\n" {}
+	} else {
+	    # "\ No newline at end of file",
+	    # or something else we don't recognize
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
 	}
     }
-    if {[info exists seehere]} {
-	mark_ctext_line [lindex [split $seehere .] 0]
-    }
-    maybe_scroll_ctext [eof $bdf]
-    $ctext conf -state disabled
-    if {[eof $bdf]} {
-	catch {close $bdf}
-	return 0
-    }
-    return [expr {$nr >= 1000? 2: 1}]
 }
 
 proc changediffdisp {} {
@@ -7887,32 +8295,45 @@ proc changediffdisp {} {
     $ctext tag conf dresult -elide [lindex $diffelide 1]
 }
 
-proc highlightfile {loc cline} {
-    global ctext cflist cflist_top
+proc highlightfile {cline} {
+    global cflist cflist_top
+
+    if {![info exists cflist_top]} return
 
-    $ctext yview $loc
     $cflist tag remove highlight $cflist_top.0 "$cflist_top.0 lineend"
     $cflist tag add highlight $cline.0 "$cline.0 lineend"
     $cflist see $cline.0
     set cflist_top $cline
 }
 
+proc highlightfile_for_scrollpos {topidx} {
+    global cmitmode difffilestart
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
+    if {![info exists difffilestart]} return
+
+    set top [lindex [split $topidx .] 0]
+    if {$difffilestart eq {} || $top < [lindex $difffilestart 0]} {
+	highlightfile 0
+    } else {
+	highlightfile [expr {[bsearch $difffilestart $top] + 2}]
+    }
+}
+
 proc prevfile {} {
     global difffilestart ctext cmitmode
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set prev 0.0
-    set prevline 1
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc >= $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+	    $ctext yview $prev
 	    return
 	}
 	set prev $loc
-	incr prevline
     }
-    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+    $ctext yview $prev
 }
 
 proc nextfile {} {
@@ -7920,11 +8341,9 @@ proc nextfile {} {
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
-    set line 1
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
-	incr line
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc > $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $loc $line
+	    $ctext yview $loc
 	    return
 	}
     }
@@ -7944,7 +8363,7 @@ proc clear_ctext {{first 1.0}} {
     }
     $ctext delete $first end
     if {$first eq "1.0"} {
-	catch {unset pendinglinks}
+	unset -nocomplain pendinglinks
     }
     set ctext_file_names {}
     set ctext_file_lines {}
@@ -7970,7 +8389,6 @@ proc settabs {{firstab {}}} {
 proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
     global ctext searchstring searchdirn
 
-    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
     if {[catch {$ctext index anchor}]} {
 	# no anchor set, use start of selection, or of visible area
 	set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
@@ -7983,12 +8401,17 @@ proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
 	}
     }
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
-	set here [$ctext search $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
+	set here [$ctext search -count mlen $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
 	if {$here ne {}} {
 	    $ctext see $here
+	    set mend "$here + $mlen c"
+	    $ctext tag remove sel 1.0 end
+	    $ctext tag add sel $here $mend
+	    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	    highlightfile_for_scrollpos $here
 	}
-	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
+    rehighlight_search_results
 }
 
 proc dosearch {} {
@@ -8011,9 +8434,12 @@ proc dosearch {} {
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
     }
 }
 
@@ -8037,21 +8463,41 @@ proc dosearchback {} {
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $ml c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
+    }
+}
+
+proc rehighlight_search_results {} {
+    global ctext searchstring
+
+    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
+    $ctext tag remove currentsearchhit 1.0 end
+
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
 }
 
 proc searchmark {first last} {
     global ctext searchstring
 
+    set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
+
     set mend $first.0
     while {1} {
 	set match [$ctext search -count mlen -- $searchstring $mend $last.end]
 	if {$match eq {}} break
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
-	$ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	if {$sel ne {} && [$ctext compare $match == [lindex $sel 0]]} {
+	    $ctext tag add currentsearchhit $match $mend
+	} else {
+	    $ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	}
     }
 }
 
@@ -8077,8 +8523,23 @@ proc searchmarkvisible {doall} {
     }
 }
 
+proc suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos {} {
+    global ctext suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos [$ctext index @0,0]
+}
+
 proc scrolltext {f0 f1} {
-    global searchstring
+    global searchstring cmitmode ctext
+    global suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set topidx [$ctext index @0,0]
+    if {![info exists suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos]
+	|| $topidx ne $suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos} {
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $topidx
+    }
+
+    unset -nocomplain suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
 
     .bleft.bottom.sb set $f0 $f1
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
@@ -8294,6 +8755,8 @@ proc lineleave {id} {
 proc linehover {} {
     global hoverx hovery hoverid hovertimer
     global canv linespc lthickness
+    global linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor linehoveroutlinecolor
+
     global commitinfo
 
     set text [lindex $commitinfo($hoverid) 0]
@@ -8307,10 +8770,11 @@ proc linehover {} {
     set x1 [expr {$x + [font measure mainfont $text] + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set y1 [expr {$y + $linespc + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set t [$canv create rectangle $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1 \
-	       -fill \#ffff80 -outline black -width 1 -tags hover]
+	       -fill $linehoverbgcolor -outline $linehoveroutlinecolor \
+	       -width 1 -tags hover]
     $canv raise $t
     set t [$canv create text $x $y -anchor nw -text $text -tags hover \
-	       -font mainfont]
+	       -font mainfont -fill $linehoverfgcolor]
     $canv raise $t
 }
 
@@ -8442,28 +8906,29 @@ proc rowmenu {x y id} {
     } else {
 	set state normal
     }
+    if {[info exists markedid] && $markedid ne $id} {
+	set mstate normal
+    } else {
+	set mstate disabled
+    }
     if {$id ne $nullid && $id ne $nullid2} {
 	set menu $rowctxmenu
 	if {$mainhead ne {}} {
-	    $menu entryconfigure 7 -label [mc "Reset %s branch to here" $mainhead] -state normal
-	} else {
-	    $menu entryconfigure 7 -label [mc "Detached head: can't reset" $mainhead] -state disabled
-	}
-	if {[info exists markedid] && $markedid ne $id} {
-	    $menu entryconfigure 9 -state normal
-	    $menu entryconfigure 10 -state normal
-	    $menu entryconfigure 11 -state normal
+	    $menu entryconfigure 8 -label [mc "Reset %s branch to here" $mainhead] -state normal
 	} else {
-	    $menu entryconfigure 9 -state disabled
-	    $menu entryconfigure 10 -state disabled
-	    $menu entryconfigure 11 -state disabled
+	    $menu entryconfigure 8 -label [mc "Detached head: can't reset" $mainhead] -state disabled
 	}
+	$menu entryconfigure 10 -state $mstate
+	$menu entryconfigure 11 -state $mstate
+	$menu entryconfigure 12 -state $mstate
     } else {
 	set menu $fakerowmenu
     }
     $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff this -> selected"] -state $state
     $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff selected -> this"] -state $state
     $menu entryconfigure [mca "Make patch"] -state $state
+    $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff this -> marked commit"] -state $mstate
+    $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff marked commit -> this"] -state $mstate
     tk_popup $menu $x $y
 }
 
@@ -8667,6 +9132,21 @@ proc diffvssel {dirn} {
     doseldiff $oldid $newid
 }
 
+proc diffvsmark {dirn} {
+    global rowmenuid markedid
+
+    if {![info exists markedid]} return
+    if {$dirn} {
+	set oldid $markedid
+	set newid $rowmenuid
+    } else {
+	set oldid $rowmenuid
+	set newid $markedid
+    }
+    addtohistory [list doseldiff $oldid $newid] savectextpos
+    doseldiff $oldid $newid
+}
+
 proc doseldiff {oldid newid} {
     global ctext
     global commitinfo
@@ -8858,12 +9338,13 @@ proc domktag {} {
 proc redrawtags {id} {
     global canv linehtag idpos currentid curview cmitlisted markedid
     global canvxmax iddrawn circleitem mainheadid circlecolors
+    global mainheadcirclecolor
 
     if {![commitinview $id $curview]} return
     if {![info exists iddrawn($id)]} return
     set row [rowofcommit $id]
     if {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $cmitlisted($curview,$id)]
     }
@@ -8898,6 +9379,20 @@ proc mktaggo {} {
     mktagcan
 }
 
+proc copysummary {} {
+    global rowmenuid autosellen
+
+    set format "%h (\"%s\", %ad)"
+    set cmd [list git show -s --pretty=format:$format --date=short]
+    if {$autosellen < 40} {
+        lappend cmd --abbrev=$autosellen
+    }
+    set summary [eval exec $cmd $rowmenuid]
+
+    clipboard clear
+    clipboard append $summary
+}
+
 proc writecommit {} {
     global rowmenuid wrcomtop commitinfo wrcomcmd NS
 
@@ -9120,6 +9615,67 @@ proc cherrypick {} {
     notbusy cherrypick
 }
 
+proc revert {} {
+    global rowmenuid curview
+    global mainhead mainheadid
+    global gitdir
+
+    set oldhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    set dheads [descheads $rowmenuid]
+    if { $dheads eq {} || [lsearch -exact $dheads $oldhead] == -1 } {
+       set ok [confirm_popup [mc "Commit %s is not\
+           included in branch %s -- really revert it?" \
+                      [string range $rowmenuid 0 7] $mainhead]]
+       if {!$ok} return
+    }
+    nowbusy revert [mc "Reverting"]
+    update
+
+    if [catch {exec git revert --no-edit $rowmenuid} err] {
+        notbusy revert
+        if [regexp {files would be overwritten by merge:(\n(( |\t)+[^\n]+\n)+)}\
+                $err match files] {
+            regsub {\n( |\t)+} $files "\n" files
+            error_popup [mc "Revert failed because of local changes to\
+                the following files:%s Please commit, reset or stash \
+                your changes and try again." $files]
+        } elseif [regexp {error: could not revert} $err] {
+            if [confirm_popup [mc "Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n\
+                Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"]] {
+                # Force citool to read MERGE_MSG
+                file delete [file join $gitdir "GITGUI_MSG"]
+                exec_citool {} $rowmenuid
+            }
+        } else { error_popup $err }
+        run updatecommits
+        return
+    }
+
+    set newhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    if { $newhead eq $oldhead } {
+        notbusy revert
+        error_popup [mc "No changes committed"]
+        return
+    }
+
+    addnewchild $newhead $oldhead
+
+    if [commitinview $oldhead $curview] {
+        # XXX this isn't right if we have a path limit...
+        insertrow $newhead $oldhead $curview
+        if {$mainhead ne {}} {
+            movehead $newhead $mainhead
+            movedhead $newhead $mainhead
+        }
+        set mainheadid $newhead
+        redrawtags $oldhead
+        redrawtags $newhead
+        selbyid $newhead
+    }
+
+    notbusy revert
+}
+
 proc resethead {} {
     global mainhead rowmenuid confirm_ok resettype NS
 
@@ -9315,8 +9871,10 @@ proc showrefs {} {
 	-width 30 -height 20 -cursor $maincursor \
 	-spacing1 1 -spacing3 1 -state disabled
     $top.list tag configure highlight -background $selectbgcolor
-    lappend bglist $top.list
-    lappend fglist $top.list
+    if {![lsearch -exact $bglist $top.list]} {
+	lappend bglist $top.list
+	lappend fglist $top.list
+    }
     ${NS}::scrollbar $top.ysb -command "$top.list yview" -orient vertical
     ${NS}::scrollbar $top.xsb -command "$top.list xview" -orient horizontal
     grid $top.list $top.ysb -sticky nsew
@@ -9599,9 +10157,9 @@ proc getallclines {fd} {
     }
     if {$nid > 0} {
 	global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags
-	catch {unset cached_dheads}
-	catch {unset cached_dtags}
-	catch {unset cached_atags}
+	unset -nocomplain cached_dheads
+	unset -nocomplain cached_dtags
+	unset -nocomplain cached_atags
     }
     if {![eof $fd]} {
 	return [expr {$nid >= 1000? 2: 1}]
@@ -9841,7 +10399,7 @@ proc dropcache {err} {
     foreach v {arcnos arcout arcids arcstart arcend growing \
 		   arctags archeads allparents allchildren} {
 	global $v
-	catch {unset $v}
+	unset -nocomplain $v
     }
     set allcwait 0
     set nextarc 0
@@ -10433,13 +10991,13 @@ proc anctags {id} {
 # including id itself if it has a head.
 proc descheads {id} {
     global arcnos arcstart arcids archeads idheads cached_dheads
-    global allparents
+    global allparents arcout
 
     if {![info exists allparents($id)]} {
 	return {}
     }
     set aret {}
-    if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 && [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+    if {![info exists arcout($id)]} {
 	# part-way along an arc; check it first
 	set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
 	if {$archeads($a) ne {}} {
@@ -10492,8 +11050,8 @@ proc addedtag {id} {
     if {![info exists arcout($id)]} {
 	recalcarc [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
     }
-    catch {unset cached_dtags}
-    catch {unset cached_atags}
+    unset -nocomplain cached_dtags
+    unset -nocomplain cached_atags
 }
 
 proc addedhead {hid head} {
@@ -10503,13 +11061,13 @@ proc addedhead {hid head} {
     if {![info exists arcout($hid)]} {
 	recalcarc [lindex $arcnos($hid) 0]
     }
-    catch {unset cached_dheads}
+    unset -nocomplain cached_dheads
 }
 
 proc removedhead {hid head} {
     global cached_dheads
 
-    catch {unset cached_dheads}
+    unset -nocomplain cached_dheads
 }
 
 proc movedhead {hid head} {
@@ -10519,11 +11077,11 @@ proc movedhead {hid head} {
     if {![info exists arcout($hid)]} {
 	recalcarc [lindex $arcnos($hid) 0]
     }
-    catch {unset cached_dheads}
+    unset -nocomplain cached_dheads
 }
 
 proc changedrefs {} {
-    global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags
+    global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags cached_tagcontent
     global arctags archeads arcnos arcout idheads idtags
 
     foreach id [concat [array names idheads] [array names idtags]] {
@@ -10535,9 +11093,10 @@ proc changedrefs {} {
 	    }
 	}
     }
-    catch {unset cached_dtags}
-    catch {unset cached_atags}
-    catch {unset cached_dheads}
+    unset -nocomplain cached_tagcontent
+    unset -nocomplain cached_dtags
+    unset -nocomplain cached_atags
+    unset -nocomplain cached_dheads
 }
 
 proc rereadrefs {} {
@@ -10586,8 +11145,25 @@ proc listrefs {id} {
     return [list $x $y $z]
 }
 
+proc add_tag_ctext {tag} {
+    global ctext cached_tagcontent tagids
+
+    if {![info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
+	catch {
+	    set cached_tagcontent($tag) [exec git cat-file -p $tag]
+	}
+    }
+    $ctext insert end "[mc "Tag"]: $tag\n" bold
+    if {[info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
+	set text $cached_tagcontent($tag)
+    } else {
+	set text "[mc "Id"]:  $tagids($tag)"
+    }
+    appendwithlinks $text {}
+}
+
 proc showtag {tag isnew} {
-    global ctext tagcontents tagids linknum tagobjid
+    global ctext cached_tagcontent tagids linknum tagobjid
 
     if {$isnew} {
 	addtohistory [list showtag $tag 0] savectextpos
@@ -10596,17 +11172,28 @@ proc showtag {tag isnew} {
     clear_ctext
     settabs 0
     set linknum 0
-    if {![info exists tagcontents($tag)]} {
-	catch {
-           set tagcontents($tag) [exec git cat-file tag $tag]
-	}
+    add_tag_ctext $tag
+    maybe_scroll_ctext 1
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    init_flist {}
+}
+
+proc showtags {id isnew} {
+    global idtags ctext linknum
+
+    if {$isnew} {
+	addtohistory [list showtags $id 0] savectextpos
     }
-    if {[info exists tagcontents($tag)]} {
-	set text $tagcontents($tag)
-    } else {
-	set text "[mc "Tag"]: $tag\n[mc "Id"]:  $tagids($tag)"
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    clear_ctext
+    settabs 0
+    set linknum 0
+    set sep {}
+    foreach tag $idtags($id) {
+	$ctext insert end $sep
+	add_tag_ctext $tag
+	set sep "\n\n"
     }
-    appendwithlinks $text {}
     maybe_scroll_ctext 1
     $ctext conf -state disabled
     init_flist {}
@@ -10719,7 +11306,7 @@ proc fontok {} {
     if {$fontparam(slant) eq "italic"} {
 	lappend fontpref($f) "italic"
     }
-    set w $prefstop.$f
+    set w $prefstop.notebook.fonts.$f
     $w conf -text $fontparam(family) -font $fontpref($f)
 
     fontcan
@@ -10773,6 +11360,143 @@ proc chg_fontparam {v sub op} {
     font config sample -$sub $fontparam($sub)
 }
 
+# Create a property sheet tab page
+proc create_prefs_page {w} {
+    global NS
+    set parent [join [lrange [split $w .] 0 end-1] .]
+    if {[winfo class $parent] eq "TNotebook"} {
+	${NS}::frame $w
+    } else {
+	${NS}::labelframe $w
+    }
+}
+
+proc prefspage_general {notebook} {
+    global NS maxwidth maxgraphpct showneartags showlocalchanges
+    global tabstop limitdiffs autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs
+    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk maxrefs
+
+    set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.general]
+
+    ${NS}::label $page.ldisp -text [mc "Commit list display options"]
+    grid $page.ldisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $page.spacer -text " "
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxwidthl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (lines)"]
+    spinbox $page.maxwidth -from 0 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxwidth
+    grid $page.spacer $page.maxwidthl $page.maxwidth -sticky w
+                                         #xgettext:no-tcl-format
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxpctl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"]
+    spinbox $page.maxpct -from 1 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxgraphpct
+    grid x $page.maxpctl $page.maxpct -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.showlocal -text [mc "Show local changes"] \
+	-variable showlocalchanges
+    grid x $page.showlocal -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.autoselect -text [mc "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"] \
+	-variable autoselect
+    spinbox $page.autosellen -from 1 -to 40 -width 4 -textvariable autosellen
+    grid x $page.autoselect $page.autosellen -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.hideremotes -text [mc "Hide remote refs"] \
+	-variable hideremotes
+    grid x $page.hideremotes -sticky w
+
+    ${NS}::label $page.ddisp -text [mc "Diff display options"]
+    grid $page.ddisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $page.tabstopl -text [mc "Tab spacing"]
+    spinbox $page.tabstop -from 1 -to 20 -width 4 -textvariable tabstop
+    grid x $page.tabstopl $page.tabstop -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags/heads"] \
+	-variable showneartags
+    grid x $page.ntag -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxrefsl -text [mc "Maximum # tags/heads to show"]
+    spinbox $page.maxrefs -from 1 -to 1000 -width 4 -textvariable maxrefs
+    grid x $page.maxrefsl $page.maxrefs -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ldiff -text [mc "Limit diffs to listed paths"] \
+	-variable limitdiffs
+    grid x $page.ldiff -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.lattr -text [mc "Support per-file encodings"] \
+	-variable perfile_attrs
+    grid x $page.lattr -sticky w
+
+    ${NS}::entry $page.extdifft -textvariable extdifftool
+    ${NS}::frame $page.extdifff
+    ${NS}::label $page.extdifff.l -text [mc "External diff tool" ]
+    ${NS}::button $page.extdifff.b -text [mc "Choose..."] -command choose_extdiff
+    pack $page.extdifff.l $page.extdifff.b -side left
+    pack configure $page.extdifff.l -padx 10
+    grid x $page.extdifff $page.extdifft -sticky ew
+
+    ${NS}::label $page.lgen -text [mc "General options"]
+    grid $page.lgen - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.want_ttk -variable want_ttk \
+	-text [mc "Use themed widgets"]
+    if {$have_ttk} {
+	${NS}::label $page.ttk_note -text [mc "(change requires restart)"]
+    } else {
+	${NS}::label $page.ttk_note -text [mc "(currently unavailable)"]
+    }
+    grid x $page.want_ttk $page.ttk_note -sticky w
+    return $page
+}
+
+proc prefspage_colors {notebook} {
+    global NS uicolor bgcolor fgcolor ctext diffcolors selectbgcolor markbgcolor
+
+    set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.colors]
+
+    ${NS}::label $page.cdisp -text [mc "Colors: press to choose"]
+    grid $page.cdisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    label $page.ui -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $uicolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.uibut -text [mc "Interface"] \
+       -command [list choosecolor uicolor {} $page.ui [mc "interface"] setui]
+    grid x $page.uibut $page.ui -sticky w
+    label $page.bg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $bgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.bgbut -text [mc "Background"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor bgcolor {} $page.bg [mc "background"] setbg]
+    grid x $page.bgbut $page.bg -sticky w
+    label $page.fg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $fgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.fgbut -text [mc "Foreground"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor fgcolor {} $page.fg [mc "foreground"] setfg]
+    grid x $page.fgbut $page.fg -sticky w
+    label $page.diffold -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 0]
+    ${NS}::button $page.diffoldbut -text [mc "Diff: old lines"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 0 $page.diffold [mc "diff old lines"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf d0 -foreground]]
+    grid x $page.diffoldbut $page.diffold -sticky w
+    label $page.diffnew -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 1]
+    ${NS}::button $page.diffnewbut -text [mc "Diff: new lines"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 1 $page.diffnew [mc "diff new lines"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf dresult -foreground]]
+    grid x $page.diffnewbut $page.diffnew -sticky w
+    label $page.hunksep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 2]
+    ${NS}::button $page.hunksepbut -text [mc "Diff: hunk header"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 2 $page.hunksep \
+		      [mc "diff hunk header"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf hunksep -foreground]]
+    grid x $page.hunksepbut $page.hunksep -sticky w
+    label $page.markbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $markbgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.markbgbut -text [mc "Marked line bg"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor markbgcolor {} $page.markbgsep \
+		      [mc "marked line background"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf omark -background]]
+    grid x $page.markbgbut $page.markbgsep -sticky w
+    label $page.selbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $selectbgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.selbgbut -text [mc "Select bg"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor selectbgcolor {} $page.selbgsep [mc "background"] setselbg]
+    grid x $page.selbgbut $page.selbgsep -sticky w
+    return $page
+}
+
+proc prefspage_fonts {notebook} {
+    global NS
+    set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.fonts]
+    ${NS}::label $page.cfont -text [mc "Fonts: press to choose"]
+    grid $page.cfont - -sticky w -pady 10
+    mkfontdisp mainfont $page [mc "Main font"]
+    mkfontdisp textfont $page [mc "Diff display font"]
+    mkfontdisp uifont $page [mc "User interface font"]
+    return $page
+}
+
 proc doprefs {} {
     global maxwidth maxgraphpct use_ttk NS
     global oldprefs prefstop showneartags showlocalchanges
@@ -10793,106 +11517,38 @@ proc doprefs {} {
     ttk_toplevel $top
     wm title $top [mc "Gitk preferences"]
     make_transient $top .
-    ${NS}::label $top.ldisp -text [mc "Commit list display options"]
-    grid $top.ldisp - -sticky w -pady 10
-    ${NS}::label $top.spacer -text " "
-    ${NS}::label $top.maxwidthl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (lines)"]
-    spinbox $top.maxwidth -from 0 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxwidth
-    grid $top.spacer $top.maxwidthl $top.maxwidth -sticky w
-    ${NS}::label $top.maxpctl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"]
-    spinbox $top.maxpct -from 1 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxgraphpct
-    grid x $top.maxpctl $top.maxpct -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.showlocal -text [mc "Show local changes"] \
-	-variable showlocalchanges
-    grid x $top.showlocal -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.autoselect -text [mc "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"] \
-	-variable autoselect
-    spinbox $top.autosellen -from 1 -to 40 -width 4 -textvariable autosellen
-    grid x $top.autoselect $top.autosellen -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.hideremotes -text [mc "Hide remote refs"] \
-	-variable hideremotes
-    grid x $top.hideremotes -sticky w
-
-    ${NS}::label $top.ddisp -text [mc "Diff display options"]
-    grid $top.ddisp - -sticky w -pady 10
-    ${NS}::label $top.tabstopl -text [mc "Tab spacing"]
-    spinbox $top.tabstop -from 1 -to 20 -width 4 -textvariable tabstop
-    grid x $top.tabstopl $top.tabstop -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags"] \
-	-variable showneartags
-    grid x $top.ntag -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.ldiff -text [mc "Limit diffs to listed paths"] \
-	-variable limitdiffs
-    grid x $top.ldiff -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.lattr -text [mc "Support per-file encodings"] \
-	-variable perfile_attrs
-    grid x $top.lattr -sticky w
-
-    ${NS}::entry $top.extdifft -textvariable extdifftool
-    ${NS}::frame $top.extdifff
-    ${NS}::label $top.extdifff.l -text [mc "External diff tool" ]
-    ${NS}::button $top.extdifff.b -text [mc "Choose..."] -command choose_extdiff
-    pack $top.extdifff.l $top.extdifff.b -side left
-    pack configure $top.extdifff.l -padx 10
-    grid x $top.extdifff $top.extdifft -sticky ew
-
-    ${NS}::label $top.lgen -text [mc "General options"]
-    grid $top.lgen - -sticky w -pady 10
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.want_ttk -variable want_ttk \
-	-text [mc "Use themed widgets"]
-    if {$have_ttk} {
-	${NS}::label $top.ttk_note -text [mc "(change requires restart)"]
+
+    if {[set use_notebook [expr {$use_ttk && [info command ::ttk::notebook] ne ""}]]} {
+	set notebook [ttk::notebook $top.notebook]
     } else {
-	${NS}::label $top.ttk_note -text [mc "(currently unavailable)"]
-    }
-    grid x $top.want_ttk $top.ttk_note -sticky w
-
-    ${NS}::label $top.cdisp -text [mc "Colors: press to choose"]
-    grid $top.cdisp - -sticky w -pady 10
-    label $top.ui -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $uicolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.uibut -text [mc "Interface"] \
-       -command [list choosecolor uicolor {} $top.ui [mc "interface"] setui]
-    grid x $top.uibut $top.ui -sticky w
-    label $top.bg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $bgcolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.bgbut -text [mc "Background"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor bgcolor {} $top.bg [mc "background"] setbg]
-    grid x $top.bgbut $top.bg -sticky w
-    label $top.fg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $fgcolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.fgbut -text [mc "Foreground"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor fgcolor {} $top.fg [mc "foreground"] setfg]
-    grid x $top.fgbut $top.fg -sticky w
-    label $top.diffold -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 0]
-    ${NS}::button $top.diffoldbut -text [mc "Diff: old lines"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 0 $top.diffold [mc "diff old lines"] \
-		      [list $ctext tag conf d0 -foreground]]
-    grid x $top.diffoldbut $top.diffold -sticky w
-    label $top.diffnew -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 1]
-    ${NS}::button $top.diffnewbut -text [mc "Diff: new lines"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 1 $top.diffnew [mc "diff new lines"] \
-		      [list $ctext tag conf dresult -foreground]]
-    grid x $top.diffnewbut $top.diffnew -sticky w
-    label $top.hunksep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 2]
-    ${NS}::button $top.hunksepbut -text [mc "Diff: hunk header"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 2 $top.hunksep \
-		      [mc "diff hunk header"] \
-		      [list $ctext tag conf hunksep -foreground]]
-    grid x $top.hunksepbut $top.hunksep -sticky w
-    label $top.markbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $markbgcolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.markbgbut -text [mc "Marked line bg"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor markbgcolor {} $top.markbgsep \
-		      [mc "marked line background"] \
-		      [list $ctext tag conf omark -background]]
-    grid x $top.markbgbut $top.markbgsep -sticky w
-    label $top.selbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $selectbgcolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.selbgbut -text [mc "Select bg"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor selectbgcolor {} $top.selbgsep [mc "background"] setselbg]
-    grid x $top.selbgbut $top.selbgsep -sticky w
-
-    ${NS}::label $top.cfont -text [mc "Fonts: press to choose"]
-    grid $top.cfont - -sticky w -pady 10
-    mkfontdisp mainfont $top [mc "Main font"]
-    mkfontdisp textfont $top [mc "Diff display font"]
-    mkfontdisp uifont $top [mc "User interface font"]
+	set notebook [${NS}::frame $top.notebook -borderwidth 0 -relief flat]
+    }
+
+    lappend pages [prefspage_general $notebook] [mc "General"]
+    lappend pages [prefspage_colors $notebook] [mc "Colors"]
+    lappend pages [prefspage_fonts $notebook] [mc "Fonts"]
+    set col 0
+    foreach {page title} $pages {
+	if {$use_notebook} {
+	    $notebook add $page -text $title
+	} else {
+	    set btn [${NS}::button $notebook.b_[string map {. X} $page] \
+			 -text $title -command [list raise $page]]
+	    $page configure -text $title
+	    grid $btn -row 0 -column [incr col] -sticky w
+	    grid $page -row 1 -column 0 -sticky news -columnspan 100
+	}
+    }
+
+    if {!$use_notebook} {
+	grid columnconfigure $notebook 0 -weight 1
+	grid rowconfigure $notebook 1 -weight 1
+	raise [lindex $pages 0]
+    }
+
+    grid $notebook -sticky news -padx 2 -pady 2
+    grid rowconfigure $top 0 -weight 1
+    grid columnconfigure $top 0 -weight 1
 
     ${NS}::frame $top.buts
     ${NS}::button $top.buts.ok -text [mc "OK"] -command prefsok -default active
@@ -10904,7 +11560,7 @@ proc doprefs {} {
     grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
     grid $top.buts - - -pady 10 -sticky ew
     grid columnconfigure $top 2 -weight 1
-    bind $top <Visibility> "focus $top.buts.ok"
+    bind $top <Visibility> [list focus $top.buts.ok]
 }
 
 proc choose_extdiff {} {
@@ -10930,7 +11586,9 @@ proc choosecolor {v vi w x cmd} {
 proc setselbg {c} {
     global bglist cflist
     foreach w $bglist {
-	$w configure -selectbackground $c
+	if {[winfo exists $w]} {
+	    $w configure -selectbackground $c
+	}
     }
     $cflist tag configure highlight \
 	-background [$cflist cget -selectbackground]
@@ -10956,7 +11614,9 @@ proc setbg {c} {
     global bglist
 
     foreach w $bglist {
-	$w conf -background $c
+	if {[winfo exists $w]} {
+	    $w conf -background $c
+	}
     }
 }
 
@@ -10964,7 +11624,9 @@ proc setfg {c} {
     global fglist canv
 
     foreach w $fglist {
-	$w conf -foreground $c
+	if {[winfo exists $w]} {
+	    $w conf -foreground $c
+	}
     }
     allcanvs itemconf text -fill $c
     $canv itemconf circle -outline $c
@@ -11026,7 +11688,7 @@ proc prefsok {} {
 	($perfile_attrs && !$oldprefs(perfile_attrs))} {
 	# treediffs elements are limited by path;
 	# won't have encodings cached if perfile_attrs was just turned on
-	catch {unset treediffs}
+	unset -nocomplain treediffs
     }
     if {$fontchanged || $maxwidth != $oldprefs(maxwidth)
 	|| $maxgraphpct != $oldprefs(maxgraphpct)} {
@@ -11043,7 +11705,29 @@ proc prefsok {} {
 proc formatdate {d} {
     global datetimeformat
     if {$d ne {}} {
-	set d [clock format [lindex $d 0] -format $datetimeformat]
+	# If $datetimeformat includes a timezone, display in the
+	# timezone of the argument.  Otherwise, display in local time.
+	if {[string match {*%[zZ]*} $datetimeformat]} {
+	    if {[catch {set d [clock format [lindex $d 0] -timezone [lindex $d 1] -format $datetimeformat]}]} {
+		# Tcl < 8.5 does not support -timezone.  Emulate it by
+		# setting TZ (e.g. TZ=<-0430>+04:30).
+		global env
+		if {[info exists env(TZ)]} {
+		    set savedTZ $env(TZ)
+		}
+		set zone [lindex $d 1]
+		set sign [string map {+ - - +} [string index $zone 0]]
+		set env(TZ) <$zone>$sign[string range $zone 1 2]:[string range $zone 3 4]
+		set d [clock format [lindex $d 0] -format $datetimeformat]
+		if {[info exists savedTZ]} {
+		    set env(TZ) $savedTZ
+		} else {
+		    unset env(TZ)
+		}
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    set d [clock format [lindex $d 0] -format $datetimeformat]
+	}
     }
     return $d
 }
@@ -11384,15 +12068,48 @@ proc get_path_encoding {path} {
     return $tcl_enc
 }
 
+## For msgcat loading, first locate the installation location.
+if { [info exists ::env(GITK_MSGSDIR)] } {
+    ## Msgsdir was manually set in the environment.
+    set gitk_msgsdir $::env(GITK_MSGSDIR)
+} else {
+    ## Let's guess the prefix from argv0.
+    set gitk_prefix [file dirname [file dirname [file normalize $argv0]]]
+    set gitk_libdir [file join $gitk_prefix share gitk lib]
+    set gitk_msgsdir [file join $gitk_libdir msgs]
+    unset gitk_prefix
+}
+
+## Internationalization (i18n) through msgcat and gettext. See
+## http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Tcl.html
+package require msgcat
+namespace import ::msgcat::mc
+## And eventually load the actual message catalog
+::msgcat::mcload $gitk_msgsdir
+
 # First check that Tcl/Tk is recent enough
 if {[catch {package require Tk 8.4} err]} {
-    show_error {} . "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n\
-		     Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4." list
+    show_error {} . [mc "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n\
+			 Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."]
     exit 1
 }
 
+# on OSX bring the current Wish process window to front
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+    exec osascript -e [format {
+        tell application "System Events"
+            set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+        end tell
+    } [pid] ]
+}
+
+# Unset GIT_TRACE var if set
+if { [info exists ::env(GIT_TRACE)] } {
+    unset ::env(GIT_TRACE)
+}
+
 # defaults...
-set wrcomcmd "git diff-tree --stdin -p --pretty"
+set wrcomcmd "git diff-tree --stdin -p --pretty=email"
 
 set gitencoding {}
 catch {
@@ -11422,10 +12139,20 @@ catch {
     }
 }
 
+set log_showroot true
+catch {
+    set log_showroot [exec git config --bool --get log.showroot]
+}
+
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
     set mainfont {{Lucida Grande} 9}
     set textfont {Monaco 9}
     set uifont {{Lucida Grande} 9 bold}
+} elseif {![catch {::tk::pkgconfig get fontsystem} xft] && $xft eq "xft"} {
+    # fontconfig!
+    set mainfont {sans 9}
+    set textfont {monospace 9}
+    set uifont {sans 9 bold}
 } else {
     set mainfont {Helvetica 9}
     set textfont {Courier 9}
@@ -11445,6 +12172,7 @@ set wrapcomment "none"
 set showneartags 1
 set hideremotes 0
 set maxrefs 20
+set visiblerefs {"master"}
 set maxlinelen 200
 set showlocalchanges 1
 set limitdiffs 1
@@ -11460,25 +12188,50 @@ if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
     set extdifftool "meld"
 }
 
-set colors {green red blue magenta darkgrey brown orange}
+set colors {lime red blue magenta darkgrey brown orange}
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
     set uicolor SystemButtonFace
+    set uifgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set uifgdisabledcolor SystemDisabledText
     set bgcolor SystemWindow
-    set fgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set fgcolor SystemWindowText
     set selectbgcolor SystemHighlight
 } else {
     set uicolor grey85
+    set uifgcolor black
+    set uifgdisabledcolor "#999"
     set bgcolor white
     set fgcolor black
     set selectbgcolor gray85
 }
 set diffcolors {red "#00a000" blue}
 set diffcontext 3
+set mergecolors {red blue lime purple brown "#009090" magenta "#808000" "#009000" "#ff0080" cyan "#b07070" "#70b0f0" "#70f0b0" "#f0b070" "#ff70b0"}
 set ignorespace 0
 set worddiff ""
 set markbgcolor "#e0e0ff"
 
+set headbgcolor lime
+set headfgcolor black
+set headoutlinecolor black
+set remotebgcolor #ffddaa
+set tagbgcolor yellow
+set tagfgcolor black
+set tagoutlinecolor black
+set reflinecolor black
+set filesepbgcolor #aaaaaa
+set filesepfgcolor black
+set linehoverbgcolor #ffff80
+set linehoverfgcolor black
+set linehoveroutlinecolor black
+set mainheadcirclecolor yellow
+set workingfilescirclecolor red
+set indexcirclecolor lime
 set circlecolors {white blue gray blue blue}
+set linkfgcolor blue
+set circleoutlinecolor $fgcolor
+set foundbgcolor yellow
+set currentsearchhitbgcolor orange
 
 # button for popping up context menus
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
@@ -11487,26 +12240,47 @@ if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
     set ctxbut <Button-3>
 }
 
-## For msgcat loading, first locate the installation location.
-if { [info exists ::env(GITK_MSGSDIR)] } {
-    ## Msgsdir was manually set in the environment.
-    set gitk_msgsdir $::env(GITK_MSGSDIR)
-} else {
-    ## Let's guess the prefix from argv0.
-    set gitk_prefix [file dirname [file dirname [file normalize $argv0]]]
-    set gitk_libdir [file join $gitk_prefix share gitk lib]
-    set gitk_msgsdir [file join $gitk_libdir msgs]
-    unset gitk_prefix
+catch {
+    # follow the XDG base directory specification by default. See
+    # http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html
+    if {[info exists env(XDG_CONFIG_HOME)] && $env(XDG_CONFIG_HOME) ne ""} {
+	# XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable is set
+	set config_file [file join $env(XDG_CONFIG_HOME) git gitk]
+	set config_file_tmp [file join $env(XDG_CONFIG_HOME) git gitk-tmp]
+    } else {
+	# default XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+	set config_file "~/.config/git/gitk"
+	set config_file_tmp "~/.config/git/gitk-tmp"
+    }
+    if {![file exists $config_file]} {
+	# for backward compatibility use the old config file if it exists
+	if {[file exists "~/.gitk"]} {
+	    set config_file "~/.gitk"
+	    set config_file_tmp "~/.gitk-tmp"
+	} elseif {![file exists [file dirname $config_file]]} {
+	    file mkdir [file dirname $config_file]
+	}
+    }
+    source $config_file
 }
+config_check_tmp_exists 50
 
-## Internationalization (i18n) through msgcat and gettext. See
-## http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Tcl.html
-package require msgcat
-namespace import ::msgcat::mc
-## And eventually load the actual message catalog
-::msgcat::mcload $gitk_msgsdir
-
-catch {source ~/.gitk}
+set config_variables {
+    mainfont textfont uifont tabstop findmergefiles maxgraphpct maxwidth
+    cmitmode wrapcomment autoselect autosellen showneartags maxrefs visiblerefs
+    hideremotes showlocalchanges datetimeformat limitdiffs uicolor want_ttk
+    bgcolor fgcolor uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor colors diffcolors mergecolors
+    markbgcolor diffcontext selectbgcolor foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    extdifftool perfile_attrs headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor
+    remotebgcolor tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor reflinecolor
+    filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor
+    linehoveroutlinecolor mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor
+    indexcirclecolor circlecolors linkfgcolor circleoutlinecolor
+}
+foreach var $config_variables {
+    config_init_trace $var
+    trace add variable $var write config_variable_change_cb
+}
 
 parsefont mainfont $mainfont
 eval font create mainfont [fontflags mainfont]
@@ -11600,6 +12374,10 @@ if {![info exists have_ttk]} {
 set use_ttk [expr {$have_ttk && $want_ttk}]
 set NS [expr {$use_ttk ? "ttk" : ""}]
 
+if {$use_ttk} {
+    setttkstyle
+}
+
 regexp {^git version ([\d.]*\d)} [exec git version] _ git_version
 
 set show_notes {}
@@ -11607,6 +12385,8 @@ if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.6.2"] >= 0} {
     set show_notes "--show-notes"
 }
 
+set appname "gitk"
+
 set runq {}
 set history {}
 set historyindex 0
@@ -11632,6 +12412,7 @@ set highlight_related [mc "None"]
 set highlight_files {}
 set viewfiles(0) {}
 set viewperm(0) 0
+set viewchanged(0) 0
 set viewargs(0) {}
 set viewargscmd(0) {}
 
@@ -11676,7 +12457,7 @@ catch {
 }
 # wait for the window to become visible
 tkwait visibility .
-wm title . "[file tail $argv0]: [file tail [pwd]]"
+set_window_title
 update
 readrefs
 
@@ -11690,10 +12471,11 @@ if {$cmdline_files ne {} || $revtreeargs ne {} || $revtreeargscmd ne {}} {
     set viewargs(1) $revtreeargs
     set viewargscmd(1) $revtreeargscmd
     set viewperm(1) 0
+    set viewchanged(1) 0
     set vdatemode(1) 0
     addviewmenu 1
-    .bar.view entryconf [mca "Edit view..."] -state normal
-    .bar.view entryconf [mca "Delete view"] -state normal
+    .bar.view entryconf [mca "&Edit view..."] -state normal
+    .bar.view entryconf [mca "&Delete view"] -state normal
 }
 
 if {[info exists permviews]} {
@@ -11705,6 +12487,7 @@ if {[info exists permviews]} {
 	set viewargs($n) [lindex $v 2]
 	set viewargscmd($n) [lindex $v 3]
 	set viewperm($n) 1
+	set viewchanged($n) 0
 	addviewmenu $n
     }
 }
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/bg.po b/gitk-git/po/bg.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99aa77aa63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/bg.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1381 @@
+# Bulgarian translation of gitk po-file.
+# Copyright (C) 2014, 2015 Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git package.
+# Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>, 2014, 2015.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk master\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-12-19 11:48+0200\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-12-19 11:49+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
+"Language: bg\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: gitk:140
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Спи�ъкът � не�лети файлове не може да бъде получен:"
+
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2399
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Оцвет�ване на думите"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2399 gitk:8239 gitk:8272
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Отбел�зване на думите"
+
+#: gitk:324
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Грешка при разбор на вер�иите:"
+
+#: gitk:380
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Грешка при изпълнение на командата � „--argscmd“."
+
+#: gitk:393
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"�е �а избрани файлове — указана е опци�та „--merge“, но н�ма не�лети файлове."
+
+#: gitk:396
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"�е �а избрани файлове — указана е опци�та „--merge“, но н�ма не�лети файлове "
+"в ограничени�та."
+
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Грешка при изпълнение на „git log“:"
+
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Прочитане"
+
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4544
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Прочитане на подавани�та…"
+
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4547
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "�е �а избрани подавани�"
+
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4064 gitk:12469
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Команден ред"
+
+#: gitk:1511
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Изходът от „git log“ не може да �е анализира:"
+
+#: gitk:1740
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Лип�ва информаци� за подавани�"
+
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4334 gitk:9702 gitk:11274 gitk:11554
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Добре"
+
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4336 gitk:9215 gitk:9294 gitk:9424 gitk:9473 gitk:9704
+#: gitk:11275 gitk:11555
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Отказ"
+
+#: gitk:2083
+msgid "&Update"
+msgstr "&Обнов�ване"
+
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&Reload"
+msgstr "&Презареждане"
+
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
+msgstr "&�аново прочитане на на�тройките"
+
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&List references"
+msgstr "&Избро�ване на указателите"
+
+#: gitk:2088
+msgid "Start git &gui"
+msgstr "&Стартиране на „git gui“"
+
+#: gitk:2090
+msgid "&Quit"
+msgstr "&Спиране на програмата"
+
+#: gitk:2082
+msgid "&File"
+msgstr "&Файл"
+
+#: gitk:2094
+msgid "&Preferences"
+msgstr "&�а�тройки"
+
+#: gitk:2093
+msgid "&Edit"
+msgstr "&Редактиране"
+
+#: gitk:2098
+msgid "&New view..."
+msgstr "&�ов изглед…"
+
+#: gitk:2099
+msgid "&Edit view..."
+msgstr "&Редактиране на изгледа…"
+
+#: gitk:2100
+msgid "&Delete view"
+msgstr "&Изтриване на изгледа"
+
+#: gitk:2102
+msgid "&All files"
+msgstr "&В�ички файлове"
+
+#: gitk:2097
+msgid "&View"
+msgstr "&Изглед"
+
+#: gitk:2107 gitk:2117
+msgid "&About gitk"
+msgstr "&Отно�но gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2108 gitk:2122
+msgid "&Key bindings"
+msgstr "&Клавишни комбинации"
+
+#: gitk:2106 gitk:2121
+msgid "&Help"
+msgstr "Помо&щ"
+
+#: gitk:2199 gitk:8671
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1:"
+
+#: gitk:2243
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Ред"
+
+#: gitk:2281
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Тър�ене"
+
+#: gitk:2309
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4706 gitk:4729 gitk:4753 gitk:6774 gitk:6846
+#: gitk:6931
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "�ъдържащо:"
+
+#: gitk:2316 gitk:3545 gitk:3550 gitk:4782
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "за��гащо пътищата:"
+
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:4796
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "добав�що/премахващо низ"
+
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4798
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "промен�що редове напа�ващи:"
+
+#: gitk:2327 gitk:2329 gitk:4785
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Точно"
+
+#: gitk:2329 gitk:4873 gitk:6742
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Без реги�тър"
+
+#: gitk:2329 gitk:4755 gitk:4871 gitk:6738
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Рег. израз"
+
+#: gitk:2331 gitk:2332 gitk:4893 gitk:4923 gitk:4930 gitk:6867 gitk:6935
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "В�ички полета"
+
+#: gitk:2332 gitk:4890 gitk:4923 gitk:6805
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Първи ред"
+
+#: gitk:2333 gitk:4890 gitk:6805 gitk:6935 gitk:7408
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Коментари"
+
+#: gitk:2333 gitk:4890 gitk:4895 gitk:4930 gitk:6805 gitk:7343 gitk:8849
+#: gitk:8864
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "�втор"
+
+#: gitk:2333 gitk:4890 gitk:6805 gitk:7345
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Подаващ"
+
+#: gitk:2367
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Тър�ене"
+
+#: gitk:2375
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Разлики"
+
+#: gitk:2377
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Стара вер�и�"
+
+#: gitk:2379
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "�ова вер�и�"
+
+#: gitk:2382
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Контек�т в редове"
+
+#: gitk:2392
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Празните знаци без значение"
+
+#: gitk:2396 gitk:2398 gitk:7978 gitk:8225
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Поредови разлики"
+
+#: gitk:2463
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Кръпка"
+
+#: gitk:2465
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Дърво"
+
+#: gitk:2635 gitk:2656
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Разлики между това и избраното"
+
+#: gitk:2636 gitk:2657
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Разлики между избраното и това"
+
+#: gitk:2637 gitk:2658
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Създаване на кръпка"
+
+#: gitk:2638 gitk:9273
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Създаване на етикет"
+
+#: gitk:2639
+msgid "Copy commit summary"
+msgstr "Копиране на информаци�та за подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2640 gitk:9404
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Запазване на подаването във файл"
+
+#: gitk:2641 gitk:9461
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Създаване на нов клон"
+
+#: gitk:2642
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Отбиране на това подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2643
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Привеждане на върха на клона към текущото подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2644
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Отбел�зване на това подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2645
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Връщане към отбел�заното подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2646
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Откриване и отбел�зване на на�ледниците"
+
+#: gitk:2647
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Сравнение � отбел�заното подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2648 gitk:2659
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Разлики между това и отбел�заното"
+
+#: gitk:2649 gitk:2660
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Разлики между отбел�заното и това"
+
+#: gitk:2650
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Отм�на на това подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2666
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Изтегл�не на този клон"
+
+#: gitk:2667
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Изтриване на този клон"
+
+#: gitk:2668
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr "Копиране на името на клона"
+
+#: gitk:2675
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Отбел�зване и на това"
+
+#: gitk:2676
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Отбел�зване �амо на това"
+
+#: gitk:2677
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Външна програма за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:2678
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "�нотиране на родител�кото подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2679
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr "Копиране на път�"
+
+#: gitk:2686
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Показване на произхода на този ред"
+
+#: gitk:2687
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Изпълнение на „git gui blame“ върху този ред"
+
+#: gitk:3031
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Отно�но gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3033
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk — визуализаци� на подавани�та в Git\n"
+"\n"
+"�втор�ки права: © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Използвайте и разпро�тран�вайте при у�лови�та на ОПЛ на Г�У"
+
+#: gitk:3041 gitk:3108 gitk:9890
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Затвар�не"
+
+#: gitk:3062
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Клавишни комбинации"
+
+#: gitk:3065
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Клавишни комбинации:"
+
+#: gitk:3067
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tСпиране на програмата"
+
+#: gitk:3068
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tЗатвар�не на прозореца"
+
+#: gitk:3069
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tКъм първото подаване"
+
+#: gitk:3070
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tКъм по�ледното подаване"
+
+#: gitk:3071
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, k\tЕдно подаване нагоре"
+
+#: gitk:3072
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, j\tЕдно подаване надолу"
+
+#: gitk:3073
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, h\t�азад в и�тори�та"
+
+#: gitk:3074
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\t�апред в и�тори�та"
+
+#: gitk:3075
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr "<%s-n>\tКъм n-ти� родител на текущото подаване в и�тори�та"
+
+#: gitk:3076
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tСтраница нагоре в �пи�ъка � подавани�та"
+
+#: gitk:3077
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tСтраница надолу в �пи�ъка � подавани�та"
+
+#: gitk:3078
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tКъм началото на �пи�ъка � подавани�та"
+
+#: gitk:3079
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tКъм кра� на �пи�ъка � подавани�та"
+
+#: gitk:3080
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tРед нагоре в �пи�ъка � подавани�"
+
+#: gitk:3081
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tРед надолу в �пи�ъка � подавани�"
+
+#: gitk:3082
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tСтраница нагоре в �пи�ъка � подавани�"
+
+#: gitk:3083
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tСтраница надолу в �пи�ъка � подавани�"
+
+#: gitk:3084
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tТър�ене назад (визуално нагоре, и�ториче�ки — по�ледващи)"
+
+#: gitk:3085
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr ""
+"<Shift-Down>\tТър�ене напред (визуално надолу, и�ториче�ки — предхождащи)"
+
+#: gitk:3086
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tСтраница нагоре в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3087
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tСтраница надолу в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3088
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Space>\t\tСтраница надолу в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3089
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\t18 реда нагоре в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3090
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\t18 реда надолу в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3091
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tТър�ене"
+
+#: gitk:3092
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tКъм �ледващата по�ва"
+
+#: gitk:3093
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\tКъм �ледващата по�ва"
+
+#: gitk:3094
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "g\t\tКъм по�ледното подаване"
+
+#: gitk:3095
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tФоку� върху полето за тър�ене"
+
+#: gitk:3096
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tКъм предишната по�ва"
+
+#: gitk:3097
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tСледващ файл в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3098
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tТър�ене на �ледващата по�ва в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3099
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tТър�ене на предишната по�ва в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3100
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tПо-гол�м размер на шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:3101
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tПо-гол�м размер на шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:3102
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tПо-малък размер на шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:3103
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tПо-малък размер на шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:3104
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tОбнов�ване"
+
+#: gitk:3569 gitk:3578
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Грешка при �ъздаването на временната директори� „%s“:"
+
+#: gitk:3591
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Грешка при получаването на „%s“ от %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3654
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изпълнение на команда:"
+
+#: gitk:3803
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Такова подаване н�ма"
+
+#: gitk:3817
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "„git gui blame“: неу�пешно изпълнение на команда:"
+
+#: gitk:3848
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Върхът за �ливане не може да бъде прочетен: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3856
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при прочитане на индек�а: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3881
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Командата „git blame“ не може да бъде �тартирана: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3884 gitk:6773
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Тър�ене"
+
+#: gitk:3916
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при изпълнението на „git blame“: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3944
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "Този ред идва от подаването %s, което не е в изгледа"
+
+#: gitk:3958
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно изпълнение на външната програма за разлики:"
+
+#: gitk:4062
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "В�ички файлове"
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Изглед"
+
+#: gitk:4089
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Дефиници� на изглед в Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:4093
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Запазване на този изглед"
+
+#: gitk:4094
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Указатели (�пи�ък � разделител интервал):"
+
+#: gitk:4095
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Клони и етикети:"
+
+#: gitk:4096
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "В�ички указатели"
+
+#: gitk:4097
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "В�ички (локални) клони"
+
+#: gitk:4098
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "В�ички етикети"
+
+#: gitk:4099
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "В�ички �лед�щи клони"
+
+#: gitk:4100
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Информаци� за подаване (рег. изр.):"
+
+#: gitk:4101
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "�втор:"
+
+#: gitk:4102
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Подал:"
+
+#: gitk:4103
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Съобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: gitk:4104
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Съвпадение по в�ички характери�тики на подаването"
+
+#: gitk:4105
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "�е �ъвпада по нико� от характери�тиките на подаването"
+
+#: gitk:4106
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Промени по файловете:"
+
+#: gitk:4107
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "До�ловен низ"
+
+#: gitk:4108
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Регул�рен израз"
+
+#: gitk:4109
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "�из за тър�ене:"
+
+#: gitk:4110
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Дата на подаване („2 weeks ago“ (преди 2 �едмици), „2009-03-17 15:27:38“, "
+"„March 17, 2009 15:27:38“):"
+
+#: gitk:4111
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "От:"
+
+#: gitk:4112
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "До:"
+
+#: gitk:4113
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr ""
+"Ограничаване и/или пре�качане на определен брой вер�ии (неотрицателно ц�ло "
+"чи�ло):"
+
+#: gitk:4114
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Брой показани:"
+
+#: gitk:4115
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Брой пре�кочени:"
+
+#: gitk:4116
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Разни:"
+
+#: gitk:4117
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Подреждане по дата"
+
+#: gitk:4118
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Отбел�зване на �траните по клона"
+
+#: gitk:4119
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Само първи� родител"
+
+#: gitk:4120
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Опро�тена и�тори�"
+
+#: gitk:4121
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Допълнителни аргументи към „git log“:"
+
+#: gitk:4122
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Въведете файловете и директориите за включване, по елемент на ред"
+
+#: gitk:4123
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr ""
+"Команда за генерирането на допълнителни подавани�, които да бъдат включени:"
+
+#: gitk:4247
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: редактиране на изглед"
+
+#: gitk:4255
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "— критерии за избор на вер�ии"
+
+#: gitk:4260
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Име на изглед"
+
+#: gitk:4335
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Прилагане (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4373
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Грешка в аргументите за избор на подавани�:"
+
+#: gitk:4428 gitk:4481 gitk:4943 gitk:4957 gitk:6227 gitk:12410 gitk:12411
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "��ма"
+
+#: gitk:5040 gitk:5045
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "�а�ледник"
+
+#: gitk:5041
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "�е е на�ледник"
+
+#: gitk:5048 gitk:5053
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Предше�твеник"
+
+#: gitk:5049
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "�е е предше�твеник"
+
+#: gitk:5343
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Локални промени добавени към индек�а, но неподадени"
+
+#: gitk:5379
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Локални промени извън индек�а"
+
+#: gitk:7153
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "и още много"
+
+#: gitk:7156
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "много"
+
+#: gitk:7347
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Етикети:"
+
+#: gitk:7364 gitk:7370 gitk:8844
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Родител"
+
+#: gitk:7375
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Дете"
+
+#: gitk:7384
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Клон"
+
+#: gitk:7387
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Следва"
+
+#: gitk:7390
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Предше�тва"
+
+#: gitk:7985
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при получаването на разликите: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8669
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Към ред:"
+
+#: gitk:8690
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "Съкратената �ума по SHA1 %s не е еднозначна"
+
+#: gitk:8697
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "�епозната вер�и� %s"
+
+#: gitk:8707
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "�епозната �ума по SHA1 %s"
+
+#: gitk:8709
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "Вер�и� %s не е в текущи� изглед"
+
+#: gitk:8851 gitk:8866
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Дата"
+
+#: gitk:8854
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Деца"
+
+#: gitk:8917
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Занул�ване на клона „%s“ към текущото подаване"
+
+#: gitk:8919
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "�е�вързан връх: невъзможно занул�ване"
+
+#: gitk:9024 gitk:9030
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Пропу�кане на подаването на �ливането"
+
+#: gitk:9039 gitk:9044
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Грешка при получаването на идентификатора на "
+
+#: gitk:9040 gitk:9045
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " — �пиране\n"
+
+#: gitk:9050 gitk:9053 gitk:9061 gitk:9075 gitk:9084
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Подаване"
+
+#: gitk:9054
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" е �ъщата кръпка като\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9062
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" �е различава от\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9064
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Разлика между подавани�та:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:9076 gitk:9085
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " има %s деца — �пиране\n"
+
+#: gitk:9104
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при запазването на подаването във файл: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9110
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при изчи�л�ването на разликите между подавани�та: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9156
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "�ай-горе"
+
+#: gitk:9157
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "От"
+
+#: gitk:9162
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "До"
+
+#: gitk:9186
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Генериране на кръпка"
+
+#: gitk:9188
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "От:"
+
+#: gitk:9197
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "До:"
+
+#: gitk:9206
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Обръщане"
+
+#: gitk:9208 gitk:9418
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Запазване във файла:"
+
+#: gitk:9214
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Генериране"
+
+#: gitk:9252
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Грешка при �ъздаването на кръпка:"
+
+#: gitk:9275 gitk:9406 gitk:9463
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "Идентификатор:"
+
+#: gitk:9284
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Име на етикет:"
+
+#: gitk:9287
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Съобщението за етикет е незадължително"
+
+#: gitk:9289
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Съобщение за етикет:"
+
+#: gitk:9293 gitk:9472
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Създаване"
+
+#: gitk:9311
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Лип�ва име на етикет"
+
+#: gitk:9315
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Етикетът „%s“ вече �ъще�твува"
+
+#: gitk:9325
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Грешка при �ъздаването на етикет:"
+
+#: gitk:9415
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Команда:"
+
+#: gitk:9423
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Запазване"
+
+#: gitk:9441
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Грешка при запазването на подаването:"
+
+#: gitk:9468
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Име:"
+
+#: gitk:9491
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Укажете име за нови� клон"
+
+#: gitk:9496
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ вече �ъще�твува. Да бъде ли презапи�ан?"
+
+#: gitk:9563
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Подаването „%s“ вече е включено в клона „%s“ — да бъде ли приложено отново?"
+
+#: gitk:9568
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Отбиране"
+
+#: gitk:9577
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно отбиране, защото във файла „%s“ има локални промени.\n"
+"Подайте, занулете или ги �катайте и пробвайте отново."
+
+#: gitk:9583
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно отбиране поради конфликти при �ливане.\n"
+"И�кате ли да ги коригирате чрез „git citool“?"
+
+#: gitk:9599 gitk:9657
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "�е �а подадени промени"
+
+#: gitk:9626
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ не е включено в клона „%s“. Да бъде ли отменено?"
+
+#: gitk:9631
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Отм�на"
+
+#: gitk:9639
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешна отм�на, защото във файла „%s“ има локални промени.\n"
+"Подайте, занулете или ги �катайте и пробвайте отново.<"
+
+#: gitk:9643
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно отм�на поради конфликти при �ливане.\n"
+"И�кате ли да ги коригирате чрез „git citool“?"
+
+#: gitk:9686
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Потвърждаване на занул�ването"
+
+#: gitk:9688
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Да �е занули ли клонът „%s“ към „%s“?"
+
+#: gitk:9690
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Вид занул�ване:"
+
+#: gitk:9693
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Слабо: работното дърво и индек�а о�тават �ъщите"
+
+#: gitk:9696
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Сме�ено: работното дърво о�тава �ъщото, индек�ът �е занул�ва"
+
+#: gitk:9699
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Силно: занул�ване и на работното дърво, и на индек�а\n"
+"(*ВСИЧКИ* локални промени ще бъдат безвъзвратно загубени)"
+
+#: gitk:9716
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Занул�ване"
+
+#: gitk:9776
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Изтегл�не"
+
+#: gitk:9829
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Текущо изтеглени�т клон не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: gitk:9835
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Подавани�та на клона „%s“ не �а на никой друг клон.\n"
+"�аи�тина ли да �е изтрие клонът „%s“?"
+
+#: gitk:9866
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Етикети и върхове: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9883
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Филтриране"
+
+#: gitk:10179
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Грешка при прочитането на топологи�та на подавани�та. Информаци�та за клона "
+"и предше�тващите/�ледващите етикети ще е непълна."
+
+#: gitk:11156
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Етикет"
+
+#: gitk:11160
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Идентификатор"
+
+#: gitk:11243
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Избор на шрифт за Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11260
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "Ч"
+
+#: gitk:11263
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "К"
+
+#: gitk:11381
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "�а�тройки на �пи�ъка � подавани�"
+
+#: gitk:11384
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Мак�имална широчина на графа (в редове)"
+
+#: gitk:11388
+#, no-tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Мак�имална широчина на графа (% от панела)"
+
+#: gitk:11391
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Показване на локалните промени"
+
+#: gitk:11394
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "�втоматично избиране на SHA1 (дължина)"
+
+#: gitk:11398
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Скриване на отдалечените указатели"
+
+#: gitk:11402
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "�а�тройки на показването на разликите"
+
+#: gitk:11404
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Широчина на табулатора"
+
+#: gitk:11407
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Извеждане на близките етикети и върхове"
+
+#: gitk:11410
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Мак�имален брой етикети/върхове за показване"
+
+#: gitk:11413
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Разлика �амо в избраните пътища"
+
+#: gitk:11416
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Поддръжка на различни кодирани� за в�еки файл"
+
+#: gitk:11422 gitk:11569
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Външен ин�трумент за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:11423
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Избор…"
+
+#: gitk:11428
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Общи на�тройки"
+
+#: gitk:11431
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Използване на тема за графичните обекти"
+
+#: gitk:11433
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(пром�ната изи�ква ре�тартиране на Gitk)"
+
+#: gitk:11435
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(в момента недо�тъпно)"
+
+#: gitk:11446
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Цветове: избира �е � нати�кане"
+
+#: gitk:11449
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Интерфей�"
+
+#: gitk:11450
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "интерфей�"
+
+#: gitk:11453
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Фон"
+
+#: gitk:11454 gitk:11484
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "фон"
+
+#: gitk:11457
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Знаци"
+
+#: gitk:11458
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "знаци"
+
+#: gitk:11461
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Разлика: �тари редове"
+
+#: gitk:11462
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "разлика, �тари редове"
+
+#: gitk:11466
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Разлика: нови редове"
+
+#: gitk:11467
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "разлика, нови редове"
+
+#: gitk:11471
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Разлика: начало на парче"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "разлика, начало на парче"
+
+#: gitk:11477
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Фон на отбел�зан ред"
+
+#: gitk:11479
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "фон на отбел�зан ред"
+
+#: gitk:11483
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Избор на фон"
+
+#: gitk:11492
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Шрифтове: избира �е � нати�кане"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "О�новен шрифт"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Шрифт за разликите"
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Шрифт на интерфей�а"
+
+#: gitk:11518
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "�а�тройки на Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11527
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Общи"
+
+#: gitk:11528
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Цветове"
+
+#: gitk:11529
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Шрифтове"
+
+#: gitk:11579
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: избор на цв�т на „%s“"
+
+#: gitk:12092
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Тази вер�и� на Tcl/Tk не �е поддържа от Gitk.\n"
+" �еобходима ви е поне Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+
+#: gitk:12302
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Тук лип�ва хранилище на Git."
+
+#: gitk:12349
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "�ееднозначен аргумент „%s“: има и такава вер�и�, и такъв файл"
+
+#: gitk:12361
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "�еправилни аргументи на gitk:"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/ca.po b/gitk-git/po/ca.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ad066f7ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/ca.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1369 @@
+# Translation of gitk
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+# Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>, 2015.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-10-05 22:23-0600\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Catalan\n"
+"Language: ca\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.5\n"
+
+#: gitk:140
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obtenir la llista de fitxers no fusionats:"
+
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Colora les paraules"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8220 gitk:8253
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Marca les paraules"
+
+#: gitk:324
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Error en analitzar les revisions:"
+
+#: gitk:380
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Error en executar l'ordre --argscmd:"
+
+#: gitk:393
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha fitxers seleccionats: s'ha especificat --merge però cap fitxer està "
+"sense fusionar."
+
+#: gitk:396
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha fitxers seleccionats: s'ha especificat --merge però cap fitxer "
+"sense fusionar està dins del límit de fitxers."
+
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Error en executar git log:"
+
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Llegint"
+
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4525
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Llegint les revisions..."
+
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4528
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Cap comissió seleccionada"
+
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4045 gitk:12432
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Línia d'ordres"
+
+#: gitk:1511
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "No es pot analitzar la sortida del git log:"
+
+#: gitk:1740
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Cap informació de comissió disponible"
+
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4315 gitk:9669 gitk:11241 gitk:11521
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "D'acord"
+
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4317 gitk:9196 gitk:9275 gitk:9391 gitk:9440 gitk:9671
+#: gitk:11242 gitk:11522
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Cancel·la"
+
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
+msgstr "Actualitza"
+
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
+msgstr "Recarrega"
+
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
+msgstr "Rellegeix les referències"
+
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
+msgstr "Llista les referències"
+
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
+msgstr "Inicia el git gui"
+
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
+msgstr "Surt"
+
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
+msgstr "Fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
+msgstr "Preferències"
+
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
+msgstr "Edita"
+
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
+msgstr "Vista nova..."
+
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
+msgstr "Edita la vista..."
+
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
+msgstr "Suprimeix la vista"
+
+#: gitk:2088 gitk:4043
+msgid "&All files"
+msgstr "Tots els fitxers"
+
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4067
+msgid "&View"
+msgstr "Vista"
+
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3012
+msgid "&About gitk"
+msgstr "Quant al gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
+msgstr "Associacions de tecles"
+
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
+msgstr "Ajuda"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8652
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "ID SHA1:"
+
+#: gitk:2229
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Fila"
+
+#: gitk:2267
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Cerca"
+
+#: gitk:2295
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "comissió"
+
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4687 gitk:4710 gitk:4734 gitk:6755 gitk:6827
+#: gitk:6912
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "que contingui:"
+
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3526 gitk:3531 gitk:4763
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "que toqui els camins:"
+
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4777
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "que afegeixi/elimini la cadena:"
+
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4779
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "que tingui línies canviades coincidents amb:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4766
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Exacte"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4854 gitk:6723
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Ignora majúscula i minúscula"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4736 gitk:4852 gitk:6719
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Regexp"
+
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4874 gitk:4904 gitk:4911 gitk:6848 gitk:6916
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Tots els camps"
+
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4871 gitk:4904 gitk:6786
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Titular"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:6916 gitk:7389
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Comentaris"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:4876 gitk:4911 gitk:6786 gitk:7324 gitk:8830
+#: gitk:8845
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:7326
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Comitent"
+
+#: gitk:2350
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Cerca"
+
+#: gitk:2358
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Diferència"
+
+#: gitk:2360
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Versió antiga"
+
+#: gitk:2362
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Versió nova"
+
+#: gitk:2364
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Línies de context"
+
+#: gitk:2374
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Ignora canvis d'espai"
+
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7959 gitk:8206
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Diferència de línies"
+
+#: gitk:2445
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Pedaç"
+
+#: gitk:2447
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Arbre"
+
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Diferencia aquesta -> la seleccionada"
+
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Diferencia la seleccionada -> aquesta"
+
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2639
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Fes pedaç"
+
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9254
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Crea etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9371
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Escriu la comissió a un fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9428
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Crea una branca nova"
+
+#: gitk:2623
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Recull aquesta comissió com a cirera"
+
+#: gitk:2624
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Restableix la branca HEAD aquí"
+
+#: gitk:2625
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Marca aquesta comissió"
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Torna a la marca"
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Troba la descendent d'aquesta i marca-la"
+
+#: gitk:2628
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Compara amb la comissió marcada"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diferencia aquesta -> la comissió marcada"
+
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diferencia la comissió seleccionada -> aquesta"
+
+#: gitk:2631
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Reverteix aquesta comissió"
+
+#: gitk:2647
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Agafa aquesta branca"
+
+#: gitk:2648
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Elimina aquesta branca"
+
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr "Copia el nom de branca"
+
+#: gitk:2656
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Ressalta aquest també"
+
+#: gitk:2657
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Ressalta només aquest"
+
+#: gitk:2658
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Diferència externa"
+
+#: gitk:2659
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Culpabilitat de la comissió mare"
+
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr "Copia el camí"
+
+#: gitk:2667
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Mostra l'origen d'aquesta línia"
+
+#: gitk:2668
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Executa git gui blame en aquesta línia"
+
+#: gitk:3014
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - visualitzador de comissions per al git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Useu-lo i redistribuïu-lo sota els termes de la Llicència Pública General GNU"
+
+#: gitk:3022 gitk:3089 gitk:9857
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Tanca"
+
+#: gitk:3043
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Associacions de tecles del Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3046
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Associacions de tecles del Gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:3048
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tSurt"
+
+#: gitk:3049
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tTanca la finestra"
+
+#: gitk:3050
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Inici>\t\tVés a la primera comissió"
+
+#: gitk:3051
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<Fi>\t\tVés a l'última comissió"
+
+#: gitk:3052
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Amunt>, p, k\tMou-te cap amunt per una comissió"
+
+#: gitk:3053
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Avall>, n, j\tMou-te cap avall per una comissió"
+
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Esquerra>, z, h\tRetrocedeix en la llista d'història"
+
+#: gitk:3055
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Dreta>, x, l\tAvança en la llista d'història"
+
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+"<%s-n>\tVés a l'enèsima mare de la comissió actual en la llista d'història"
+
+#: gitk:3057
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<RePàg>\tMou-te cap amunt per una pàgina en la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:3058
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<AvPàg>\tMou-te cap avall per una pàgina en la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:3059
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Inici>\tDesplaça't a la part superior de la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:3060
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Fi>\tDesplaça't a la part inferior de la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:3061
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Amunt>\tDesplaça la llista de comissions cap amunt per una línia"
+
+#: gitk:3062
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Avall>\tDesplaça la llista de comissions cap avall per una línia"
+
+#: gitk:3063
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-RePàg>\tDesplaça la llista de comissions cap amunt per una pàgina"
+
+#: gitk:3064
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-AvPàg>\tDesplaça la llista de comissions cap avall per una pàgina"
+
+#: gitk:3065
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Maj-Amunt>\tCerca cap enrere (cap amunt, les comissions més noves)"
+
+#: gitk:3066
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Maj-Avall>\tCerca cap endavant (cap avall, les comissions més velles)"
+
+#: gitk:3067
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Supr>, b\tDesplaça la vista de diferència cap amunt per una pàgina"
+
+#: gitk:3068
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Retrocés>\tDesplaça la vista de diferència cap amunt per una pàgina"
+
+#: gitk:3069
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Espai>\t\tDesplaça la vista de diferència cap avall per una pàgina"
+
+#: gitk:3070
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tDesplaça la vista de diferència cap amunt per 18 línies"
+
+#: gitk:3071
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tDesplaça la vista de diferència cap avall per 18 línies"
+
+#: gitk:3072
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tCerca"
+
+#: gitk:3073
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tMou-te a la propera coincidència de la cerca"
+
+#: gitk:3074
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Retorn>\tMou-te a la propera coincidència de la cerca"
+
+#: gitk:3075
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "g\t\tVés a l'última comissió"
+
+#: gitk:3076
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tPosa el focus a la caixa de cerca"
+
+#: gitk:3077
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tMou a la coincidència prèvia de la cerca"
+
+#: gitk:3078
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tDesplaça la vista de diferència al proper fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:3079
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tCerca la propera coincidència en la vista de diferència"
+
+#: gitk:3080
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tCerca la coincidència prèvia en la vista de diferència"
+
+#: gitk:3081
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAugmenta la mida de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:3082
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-més>\tAugmenta la mida de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:3083
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDisminueix la mida de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:3084
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-menys>\tDisminueix la mida de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:3085
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tActualitza"
+
+#: gitk:3550 gitk:3559
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Error en crear el directori temporal %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3572
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Error en obtenir \"%s\" de %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3635
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "l'ordre ha fallat:"
+
+#: gitk:3784
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Cap comissió així"
+
+#: gitk:3798
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: l'ordre ha fallat:"
+
+#: gitk:3829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir el cap de fusió: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3837
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Error en llegir l'índex: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3862
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut iniciar el git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3865 gitk:6754
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Cercant"
+
+#: gitk:3897
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Error en executar el git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3925
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr ""
+"Aquella línia ve de la comissió %s, la qual no és en aquesta visualització"
+
+#: gitk:3939
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "El visualitzador de diferència extern ha fallat:"
+
+#: gitk:4070
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Definició de vista del Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:4074
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Recorda aquesta vista"
+
+#: gitk:4075
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Referències (llista separada per espais)"
+
+#: gitk:4076
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Branques i etiquetes:"
+
+#: gitk:4077
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Totes les referències"
+
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Totes les branques (locals)"
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Totes les etiquetes"
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Totes les branques amb seguiment remot"
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Informació de comissió (expressions regulars):"
+
+#: gitk:4082
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Autor:"
+
+#: gitk:4083
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Comitent:"
+
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Missatge de comissió:"
+
+#: gitk:4085
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Coincideix amb tots els criteris d'informació de comissió"
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "No coincideix amb cap criteri d'informació de comissió"
+
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Canvis als fitxers:"
+
+#: gitk:4088
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Cadena fixa"
+
+#: gitk:4089
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Expressió regular"
+
+#: gitk:4090
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Cadena de cerca:"
+
+#: gitk:4091
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Dates de comissió (\"fa 2 setmanes\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"17 abr 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:4092
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Des de:"
+
+#: gitk:4093
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "Fins:"
+
+#: gitk:4094
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Limita o salta un nombre de revisions (nombre enter positiu)"
+
+#: gitk:4095
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Nombre a mostrar:"
+
+#: gitk:4096
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Nombre a saltar:"
+
+#: gitk:4097
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Opcions miscel·lànies:"
+
+#: gitk:4098
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Ordena estrictament per data"
+
+#: gitk:4099
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Marca els costats de les branques"
+
+#: gitk:4100
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Limita a la primera mare"
+
+#: gitk:4101
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Història senzilla"
+
+#: gitk:4102
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Paràmetres addicionals al git log:"
+
+#: gitk:4103
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Introduïu els fitxers i directoris a incloure, un per línia:"
+
+#: gitk:4104
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Ordre per a generar més comissions a incloure:"
+
+#: gitk:4228
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: vista d'edició"
+
+#: gitk:4236
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- criteris per a seleccionar les revisions"
+
+#: gitk:4241
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Nom de vista"
+
+#: gitk:4316
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Aplica (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4354
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Error en els paràmetres de selecció de comissions:"
+
+#: gitk:4409 gitk:4462 gitk:4924 gitk:4938 gitk:6208 gitk:12373 gitk:12374
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Cap"
+
+#: gitk:5021 gitk:5026
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Descendent"
+
+#: gitk:5022
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "No descendent"
+
+#: gitk:5029 gitk:5034
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Avantpassat"
+
+#: gitk:5030
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "No avantpassat"
+
+#: gitk:5324
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Canvis locals registrats en l'índex però no comesos"
+
+#: gitk:5360
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Canvis locals sense cometre, no registrats en l'índex"
+
+#: gitk:7134
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "i moltes més"
+
+#: gitk:7137
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "moltes"
+
+#: gitk:7328
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Etiquetes:"
+
+#: gitk:7345 gitk:7351 gitk:8825
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Mare"
+
+#: gitk:7356
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Filla"
+
+#: gitk:7365
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Branca"
+
+#: gitk:7368
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Segueix"
+
+#: gitk:7371
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Precedeix"
+
+#: gitk:7966
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Error en obtenir les diferències: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8650
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Vés a:"
+
+#: gitk:8671
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "L'id SHA1 curta %s és ambigua"
+
+#: gitk:8678
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "La revisió %s és desconeguda"
+
+#: gitk:8688
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "L'id SHA1 %s és desconeguda"
+
+#: gitk:8690
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "La revisió %s no és en la vista actual"
+
+#: gitk:8832 gitk:8847
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:8835
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Filles"
+
+#: gitk:8898
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Restableix la branca %s aquí"
+
+#: gitk:8900
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Cap separat: no es pot restablir"
+
+#: gitk:9005 gitk:9011
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Saltant la comissió de fusió "
+
+#: gitk:9020 gitk:9025
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Error en obtenir l'ID de pedaç de "
+
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - aturant\n"
+
+#: gitk:9031 gitk:9034 gitk:9042 gitk:9056 gitk:9065
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Comissió "
+
+#: gitk:9035
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" és el mateix pedaç que\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9043
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" difereix de\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9045
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Diferència entre comissions:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:9057 gitk:9066
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " té %s filles - aturant\n"
+
+#: gitk:9085
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Error en escriure la comissió al fitxer: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9091
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Error en diferenciar les comissions: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9137
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Part superior"
+
+#: gitk:9138
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "De"
+
+#: gitk:9143
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "A"
+
+#: gitk:9167
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Genera pedaç"
+
+#: gitk:9169
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "De:"
+
+#: gitk:9178
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "A:"
+
+#: gitk:9187
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Inverteix"
+
+#: gitk:9189 gitk:9385
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Fitxer de sortida:"
+
+#: gitk:9195
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Genera"
+
+#: gitk:9233
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Error en crear el pedaç:"
+
+#: gitk:9256 gitk:9373 gitk:9430
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:9265
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Nom d'etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:9268
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "El missatge d'etiqueta és opcional"
+
+#: gitk:9270
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Missatge d'etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:9274 gitk:9439
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Crea"
+
+#: gitk:9292
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "No s'ha especificat cap nom d'etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:9296
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "L'etiqueta \"%s\" ja existeix"
+
+#: gitk:9306
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Error en crear l'etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:9382
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Ordre:"
+
+#: gitk:9390
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Escriu"
+
+#: gitk:9408
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Error en escriure la comissió:"
+
+#: gitk:9435
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Nom:"
+
+#: gitk:9458
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Si us plau, especifiqueu un nom per a la branca nova"
+
+#: gitk:9463
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "La branca '%s' ja existeix. Voleu sobreescriure?"
+
+#: gitk:9530
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"La comissió %s ja està inclosa en la branca %s -- realment voleu tornar a "
+"aplicar-la?"
+
+#: gitk:9535
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Recollint cireres"
+
+#: gitk:9544
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"El recull de cireres ha fallat a causa de canvis locals al fitxer '%s'.\n"
+"Si us plau, cometeu, restabliu o emmagatzemeu els vostres canvis i torneu a "
+"intentar."
+
+#: gitk:9550
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"El recull de cireres ha fallat a causa d'un conflicte de fusió.\n"
+"Voleu executar el git citool per a resoldre'l?"
+
+#: gitk:9566 gitk:9624
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Cap canvi comès"
+
+#: gitk:9593
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"La comissió %s no s'inclou en la branca %s -- realment voleu revertir-la?"
+
+#: gitk:9598
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Revertint"
+
+#: gitk:9606
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"La reversió ha fallat a causa de canvis locals als fitxers següents:%s Si us "
+"plau, cometeu, restabliu o emmagatzemeu els vostres canvis i torneu-ho a "
+"intentar."
+
+#: gitk:9610
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"La reversió ha fallat a causa d'un conflicte de fusió.\n"
+" Voleu executar el git citool per a resoldre'l?"
+
+#: gitk:9653
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Confirma el restabliment"
+
+#: gitk:9655
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Voleu restablir la branca %s a %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9657
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Tipus de restabliment:"
+
+#: gitk:9660
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Suau: Deixa l'arbre de treball i l'índex sense tocar"
+
+#: gitk:9663
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Mixt: Deixa l'arbre de treball sense tocar, restableix l'índex"
+
+#: gitk:9666
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Dur: Restableix l'arbre de treball i l'índex\n"
+"(descarta TOTS els canvis locals)"
+
+#: gitk:9683
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Restablint"
+
+#: gitk:9743
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Agafant"
+
+#: gitk:9796
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "No es pot suprimir la branca actualment agafada"
+
+#: gitk:9802
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Les comissions en la branca %s no són en cap altra branca.\n"
+"Realment voleu suprimir la branca %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9833
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Etiquetes i caps: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9850
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filtre"
+
+#: gitk:10146
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Error en llegir la informació de topologia de comissió; la informació sobre "
+"branques i etiquetes precedents/següents serà incompleta."
+
+#: gitk:11123
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:11127
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:11210
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Selector de tipus de lletra del Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11227
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:11230
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:11348
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Opcions de visualització de la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:11351
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Amplada màxima del gràfic (línies)"
+
+#: gitk:11355
+#, no-tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Amplada màxima del gràfic (% del panell)"
+
+#: gitk:11358
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Mostra els canvis locals"
+
+#: gitk:11361
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Selecciona automàticament l'SHA1 (longitud)"
+
+#: gitk:11365
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Amaga les referències remotes"
+
+#: gitk:11369
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Opcions de visualització de diferència"
+
+#: gitk:11371
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Espaiat de tabulació"
+
+#: gitk:11374
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Mostra etiquetes/caps propers"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Nombre màxim d'etiquetes/caps a mostrar"
+
+#: gitk:11380
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Limita les diferències als camins llistats"
+
+#: gitk:11383
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Admet codificacions específiques per a cada fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:11389 gitk:11536
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Eina de diferència externa"
+
+#: gitk:11390
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Trieu..."
+
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Opcions generals"
+
+#: gitk:11398
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Usa els ginys tematitzats"
+
+#: gitk:11400
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(el canvi requereix reiniciar)"
+
+#: gitk:11402
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(actualment no disponible)"
+
+#: gitk:11413
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Colors: pressiona per a triar"
+
+#: gitk:11416
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Interfície"
+
+#: gitk:11417
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "interfície"
+
+#: gitk:11420
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Fons"
+
+#: gitk:11421 gitk:11451
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "fons"
+
+#: gitk:11424
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Primer pla"
+
+#: gitk:11425
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "primer pla"
+
+#: gitk:11428
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diferència: línies velles"
+
+#: gitk:11429
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "diferencia les línies velles"
+
+#: gitk:11433
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diferència: línies noves"
+
+#: gitk:11434
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "diferencia les línies noves"
+
+#: gitk:11438
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diferència: capçalera de tros"
+
+#: gitk:11440
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "diferencia la capçalera de tros"
+
+#: gitk:11444
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Fons de la línia marcada"
+
+#: gitk:11446
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "fons de la línia marcada"
+
+#: gitk:11450
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Fons de la selecció"
+
+#: gitk:11459
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra: pressiona per a triar"
+
+#: gitk:11461
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra principal"
+
+#: gitk:11462
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra de visualització de diferència"
+
+#: gitk:11463
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra de la interfície d'usuari"
+
+#: gitk:11485
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferències del Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "General"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Colors"
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:11546
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: tria el color per a %s"
+
+#: gitk:12059
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Perdó, el gitk no pot executar-se amb aquesta versió de Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" El Gitk requereix com a mínim el Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+
+#: gitk:12269
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "No es pot trobar cap dipòsit de git aquí."
+
+#: gitk:12316
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Paràmetre ambigu '%s': és tant revisió com nom de fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:12328
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Paràmetres dolents al gitk:"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/de.po b/gitk-git/po/de.po
index bd194a3dff..bde749ed8a 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/de.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/de.po
@@ -8,33 +8,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: git-gui\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-27 20:21+0100\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-27 20:27+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-10-20 14:20+0200\n"
 "Last-Translator: Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de>\n"
 "Language-Team: German\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Liste der nicht zusammengeführten Dateien nicht gefunden:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Wörter einfärben"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8220 gitk:8253
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Wörter kennzeichnen"
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Laden der Versionen:"
 
-#: gitk:329
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen des --argscmd-Kommandos:"
 
-#: gitk:342
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Keine Dateien ausgewählt: Es wurde --merge angegeben, aber es existieren "
 "keine nicht zusammengeführten Dateien."
 
-#: gitk:345
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,801 +51,841 @@ msgstr ""
 "Keine Dateien ausgewählt: Es wurde --merge angegeben, aber es sind keine "
 "nicht zusammengeführten Dateien in der Dateiauswahl."
 
-#: gitk:367 gitk:514
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von »git log«:"
 
-#: gitk:385 gitk:530
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Lesen"
 
-#: gitk:445 gitk:4261
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4525
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Versionen werden gelesen ..."
 
-#: gitk:448 gitk:1578 gitk:4264
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4528
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Keine Versionen ausgewählt"
 
-#: gitk:1454
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4045 gitk:12432
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Kommandozeile"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Ausgabe von »git log« kann nicht erkannt werden:"
 
-#: gitk:1674
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Keine Versionsinformation verfügbar"
 
-#: gitk:1816
-msgid "mc"
-msgstr "mc"
-
-#: gitk:1851 gitk:4054 gitk:9044 gitk:10585 gitk:10804
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4315 gitk:9669 gitk:11241 gitk:11521
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "Ok"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4056 gitk:8634 gitk:8713 gitk:8828 gitk:8877 gitk:9046
-#: gitk:10586 gitk:10805
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4317 gitk:9196 gitk:9275 gitk:9391 gitk:9440 gitk:9671
+#: gitk:11242 gitk:11522
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Abbrechen"
 
-#: gitk:1975
-msgid "Update"
-msgstr "Aktualisieren"
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
+msgstr "&Aktualisieren"
 
-#: gitk:1976
-msgid "Reload"
-msgstr "Neu laden"
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
+msgstr "&Neu laden"
 
-#: gitk:1977
-msgid "Reread references"
-msgstr "Zweige neu laden"
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
+msgstr "&Zweige neu laden"
 
-#: gitk:1978
-msgid "List references"
-msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen auflisten"
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
+msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen auf&listen"
 
-#: gitk:1980
-msgid "Start git gui"
-msgstr "»git gui« starten"
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
+msgstr "»git &gui« starten"
 
-#: gitk:1982
-msgid "Quit"
-msgstr "Beenden"
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
+msgstr "&Beenden"
 
-#: gitk:1974
-msgid "File"
-msgstr "Datei"
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
+msgstr "&Datei"
 
-#: gitk:1986
-msgid "Preferences"
-msgstr "Einstellungen"
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
+msgstr "&Einstellungen"
 
-#: gitk:1985
-msgid "Edit"
-msgstr "Bearbeiten"
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
+msgstr "&Bearbeiten"
 
-#: gitk:1990
-msgid "New view..."
-msgstr "Neue Ansicht ..."
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
+msgstr "&Neue Ansicht ..."
 
-#: gitk:1991
-msgid "Edit view..."
-msgstr "Ansicht bearbeiten ..."
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
+msgstr "Ansicht &bearbeiten ..."
 
-#: gitk:1992
-msgid "Delete view"
-msgstr "Ansicht entfernen"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
+msgstr "Ansicht &entfernen"
 
-#: gitk:1994
-msgid "All files"
-msgstr "Alle Dateien"
+#: gitk:2088 gitk:4043
+msgid "&All files"
+msgstr "&Alle Dateien"
 
-#: gitk:1989 gitk:3808
-msgid "View"
-msgstr "Ansicht"
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4067
+msgid "&View"
+msgstr "&Ansicht"
 
-#: gitk:1999 gitk:2009 gitk:2780
-msgid "About gitk"
-msgstr "Ãœber gitk"
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3012
+msgid "&About gitk"
+msgstr "Ãœber &gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2000 gitk:2014
-msgid "Key bindings"
-msgstr "Tastenkürzel"
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
+msgstr "&Tastenkürzel"
 
-#: gitk:1998 gitk:2013
-msgid "Help"
-msgstr "Hilfe"
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
+msgstr "&Hilfe"
 
-#: gitk:2091 gitk:8110
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8652
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2122
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Zeile"
 
-#: gitk:2160
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Suche"
 
-#: gitk:2161
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "nächste"
-
-#: gitk:2162
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "vorige"
-
-#: gitk:2163
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "Version nach"
 
-#: gitk:2166 gitk:2168 gitk:4422 gitk:4445 gitk:4469 gitk:6410 gitk:6482
-#: gitk:6566
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4687 gitk:4710 gitk:4734 gitk:6755 gitk:6827
+#: gitk:6912
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "Beschreibung:"
 
-#: gitk:2169 gitk:3290 gitk:3295 gitk:4497
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3526 gitk:3531 gitk:4763
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "Dateien:"
 
-#: gitk:2170 gitk:4502
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4777
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "Änderungen:"
 
-#: gitk:2179 gitk:2181
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4779
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "Geänderte Zeilen entsprechen:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4766
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exakt"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4577 gitk:6378
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4854 gitk:6723
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Kein Groß/Klein"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4471 gitk:4575 gitk:6374
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4736 gitk:4852 gitk:6719
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Regexp"
 
-#: gitk:2183 gitk:2184 gitk:4596 gitk:4626 gitk:4633 gitk:6502 gitk:6570
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4874 gitk:4904 gitk:4911 gitk:6848 gitk:6916
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Alle Felder"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:4594 gitk:4626 gitk:6441
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4871 gitk:4904 gitk:6786
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Ãœberschrift"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6570 gitk:7003
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:6916 gitk:7389
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Beschreibung"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:4598 gitk:4633 gitk:6441 gitk:6938 gitk:8285
-#: gitk:8300
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:4876 gitk:4911 gitk:6786 gitk:7324 gitk:8830
+#: gitk:8845
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Autor"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6940
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:7326
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Eintragender"
 
-#: gitk:2216
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Suchen"
 
-#: gitk:2224
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Vergleich"
 
-#: gitk:2226
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Alte Version"
 
-#: gitk:2228
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Neue Version"
 
-#: gitk:2230
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Kontextzeilen"
 
-#: gitk:2240
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Leerzeichenänderungen ignorieren"
 
-#: gitk:2299
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7959 gitk:8206
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Zeilenunterschied"
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2301
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Baum"
 
-#: gitk:2456 gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Vergleich: diese -> gewählte"
 
-#: gitk:2457 gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Vergleich: gewählte -> diese"
 
-#: gitk:2458 gitk:2475
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2639
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Patch erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:2459 gitk:8692
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9254
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Markierung erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:2460 gitk:8808
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9371
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Version in Datei schreiben"
 
-#: gitk:2461 gitk:8865
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9428
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Neuen Zweig erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:2462
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Diese Version pflücken"
 
-#: gitk:2463
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "HEAD-Zweig auf diese Version zurücksetzen"
 
-#: gitk:2464
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Lesezeichen setzen"
 
-#: gitk:2465
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Zum Lesezeichen"
 
-#: gitk:2466
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Abkömmling von Lesezeichen und dieser Version finden"
 
-#: gitk:2467
+#: gitk:2628
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Mit Lesezeichen vergleichen"
 
-#: gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Vergleich: diese -> gewählte Version"
+
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Vergleich: gewählte -> diese Version"
+
+#: gitk:2631
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Version umkehren"
+
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Auf diesen Zweig umstellen"
 
-#: gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2648
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Zweig löschen"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr "Zweigname kopieren"
+
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Diesen auch hervorheben"
 
-#: gitk:2490
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Nur diesen hervorheben"
 
-#: gitk:2491
+#: gitk:2658
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm"
 
-#: gitk:2492
+#: gitk:2659
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Annotieren der Elternversion"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr "Pfad kopieren"
+
+#: gitk:2667
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Herkunft dieser Zeile anzeigen"
 
-#: gitk:2500
+#: gitk:2668
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Diese Zeile annotieren (»git gui blame«)"
 
-#: gitk:2782
+#: gitk:3014
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - eine Visualisierung der Git-Historie\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
-"Benutzung und Weiterverbreitung gemäß den Bedingungen der GNU General Public License"
+"Benutzung und Weiterverbreitung gemäß den Bedingungen der GNU General Public "
+"License"
 
-#: gitk:2790 gitk:2854 gitk:9230
+#: gitk:3022 gitk:3089 gitk:9857
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Schließen"
 
-#: gitk:2811
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Gitk-Tastaturbelegung"
 
-#: gitk:2814
+#: gitk:3046
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Gitk-Tastaturbelegung:"
 
-#: gitk:2816
+#: gitk:3048
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tBeenden"
 
-#: gitk:2817
+#: gitk:3049
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tFenster schließen"
+
+#: gitk:3050
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Pos1>\t\tZur neuesten Version springen"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:3051
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<Ende>\t\tZur ältesten Version springen"
 
-#: gitk:2819
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Hoch>, p, i\tNächste neuere Version"
+#: gitk:3052
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Hoch>, p, k\tNächste neuere Version"
 
-#: gitk:2820
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Runter>, n, k\tNächste ältere Version"
+#: gitk:3053
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Runter>, n, j\tNächste ältere Version"
 
-#: gitk:2821
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Links>, z, j\tEine Version zurückgehen"
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Links>, z, h\tEine Version zurückgehen"
 
-#: gitk:2822
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Rechts>, x, l\tEine Version weitergehen"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr "<%s-n>\tZu n-ter Elternversion in Versionshistorie springen"
+
+#: gitk:3057
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<BildHoch>\tEine Seite nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3058
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<BildRunter>\tEine Seite nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Pos1>\tZum oberen Ende der Versionsliste blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Ende>\tZum unteren Ende der Versionsliste blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2827
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Hoch>\tVersionsliste eine Zeile nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2828
+#: gitk:3062
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Runter>\tVersionsliste eine Zeile nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2829
+#: gitk:3063
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-BildHoch>\tVersionsliste eine Seite nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-BildRunter>\tVersionsliste eine Seite nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Umschalt-Hoch>\tRückwärts suchen (nach oben; neuere Versionen)"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Umschalt-Runter> Suchen (nach unten; ältere Versionen)"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Entf>, b\t\tVergleich eine Seite nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Löschtaste>\tVergleich eine Seite nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Leertaste>\tVergleich eine Seite nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tVergleich um 18 Zeilen nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tVergleich um 18 Zeilen nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSuchen"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3073
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tWeitersuchen"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Eingabetaste>\tWeitersuchen"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3075
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "g\t\tZu Version springen"
+
+#: gitk:3076
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tTastaturfokus ins Suchfeld"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tRückwärts weitersuchen"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3078
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tVergleich zur nächsten Datei blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tWeitersuchen im Vergleich"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tRückwärts weitersuchen im Vergleich"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Nummerblock-Plus>\tSchrift vergrößern"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Plus>\tSchrift vergrößern"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Nummernblock-Minus> Schrift verkleinern"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:3084
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Minus>\tSchrift verkleinern"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:3085
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tAktualisieren"
 
-#: gitk:3305 gitk:3314
+#: gitk:3550 gitk:3559
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen des temporären Verzeichnisses »%s«:"
 
-#: gitk:3327
+#: gitk:3572
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Holen von »%s« von »%s«:"
 
-#: gitk:3390
+#: gitk:3635
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "Kommando fehlgeschlagen:"
 
-#: gitk:3539
+#: gitk:3784
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Version nicht gefunden"
 
-#: gitk:3553
+#: gitk:3798
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: Kommando fehlgeschlagen:"
 
-#: gitk:3584
+#: gitk:3829
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Zusammenführungs-Spitze konnte nicht gelesen werden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3837
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Bereitstellung (»index«): %s"
 
-#: gitk:3617
+#: gitk:3862
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "»git blame« konnte nicht gestartet werden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3620 gitk:6409
+#: gitk:3865 gitk:6754
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Suchen"
 
-#: gitk:3652
+#: gitk:3897
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von »git blame«: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3680
+#: gitk:3925
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr ""
 "Diese Zeile stammt aus Version %s, die nicht in dieser Ansicht gezeigt wird"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:3939
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm fehlgeschlagen:"
 
-#: gitk:3812
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Gitk-Ansichten"
 
-#: gitk:3816
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Diese Ansicht speichern"
 
-#: gitk:3817
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen (durch Leerzeichen getrennte Liste):"
 
-#: gitk:3818
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen:"
 
-#: gitk:3819
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Alle Markierungen und Zweige"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Alle (lokalen) Zweige"
 
-#: gitk:3821
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Alle Markierungen"
 
-#: gitk:3822
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Alle Ãœbernahmezweige"
 
-#: gitk:3823
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Versionsinformationen (reguläre Ausdrücke):"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Autor:"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Eintragender:"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Versionsbeschreibung:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Alle Versionsinformationen-Kriterien erfüllen"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "keine Versionsinformationen-Kriterien erfüllen"
+
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Dateien:"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4088
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Zeichenkette"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4089
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Regulärer Ausdruck"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4090
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Suchausdruck:"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4091
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
-msgstr "Datum (»2 weeks ago«, »2009-03-17 15:27:38«, »March 17, 2009 15:27:38«)"
+msgstr ""
+"Datum (»2 weeks ago«, »2009-03-17 15:27:38«, »March 17, 2009 15:27:38«)"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4092
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Von:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4093
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Bis:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4094
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Versionsanzahl begrenzen oder einige überspringen (ganzzahliger Wert):"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4095
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Anzeigen:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4096
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Ãœberspringen:"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4097
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Sonstiges:"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4098
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Streng nach Datum sortieren"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4099
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Zweig-Seiten markieren"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4100
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Auf erste Elternversion beschränken"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4101
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Einfache Historie"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:4102
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Zusätzliche Argumente für »git log«:"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Folgende Dateien und Verzeichnisse anzeigen (eine pro Zeile):"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:4104
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Versionsliste durch folgendes Kommando erzeugen lassen:"
 
-#: gitk:3967
+#: gitk:4228
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: Ansicht bearbeiten"
 
-#: gitk:3975
+#: gitk:4236
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- Auswahl der angezeigten Versionen"
 
-#: gitk:3980
+#: gitk:4241
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Ansichtsname"
 
-#: gitk:4055
+#: gitk:4316
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Anwenden (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4093
+#: gitk:4354
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Fehler in den ausgewählten Versionen:"
 
-#: gitk:4146 gitk:4198 gitk:4646 gitk:4660 gitk:5921 gitk:11534 gitk:11535
+#: gitk:4409 gitk:4462 gitk:4924 gitk:4938 gitk:6208 gitk:12373 gitk:12374
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Keine"
 
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:8287 gitk:8302
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Datum"
-
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Eintragedatum"
-
-#: gitk:4743 gitk:4748
+#: gitk:5021 gitk:5026
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Abkömmling"
 
-#: gitk:4744
+#: gitk:5022
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Kein Abkömmling"
 
-#: gitk:4751 gitk:4756
+#: gitk:5029 gitk:5034
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Vorgänger"
 
-#: gitk:4752
+#: gitk:5030
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Kein Vorgänger"
 
-#: gitk:5042
+#: gitk:5324
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Lokale Änderungen bereitgestellt, aber nicht eingetragen"
 
-#: gitk:5078
+#: gitk:5360
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokale Änderungen, nicht bereitgestellt"
 
-#: gitk:6759
+#: gitk:7134
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "und weitere"
+
+#: gitk:7137
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "viele"
 
-#: gitk:6942
+#: gitk:7328
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Markierungen:"
 
-#: gitk:6959 gitk:6965 gitk:8280
+#: gitk:7345 gitk:7351 gitk:8825
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Eltern"
 
-#: gitk:6970
+#: gitk:7356
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Kind"
 
-#: gitk:6979
+#: gitk:7365
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Zweig"
 
-#: gitk:6982
+#: gitk:7368
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Folgt auf"
 
-#: gitk:6985
+#: gitk:7371
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Vorgänger von"
 
-#: gitk:7522
+#: gitk:7966
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Laden des Vergleichs: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8108
+#: gitk:8650
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Gehe zu:"
 
-#: gitk:8129
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Kurzer SHA1-Hashwert »%s« ist mehrdeutig"
 
-#: gitk:8136
+#: gitk:8678
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Version »%s« ist unbekannt"
 
-#: gitk:8146
+#: gitk:8688
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA1-Hashwert »%s« ist unbekannt"
 
-#: gitk:8148
+#: gitk:8690
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "Version »%s« wird in der aktuellen Ansicht nicht angezeigt"
 
-#: gitk:8290
+#: gitk:8832 gitk:8847
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:8835
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Kinder"
 
-#: gitk:8348
+#: gitk:8898
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Zweig »%s« hierher zurücksetzen"
 
-#: gitk:8350
+#: gitk:8900
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Zweigspitze ist abgetrennt: Zurücksetzen nicht möglich"
 
-#: gitk:8459 gitk:8465
+#: gitk:9005 gitk:9011
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Überspringe Zusammenführungs-Version "
 
-#: gitk:8474 gitk:8479
+#: gitk:9020 gitk:9025
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Fehler beim Holen der Patch-ID für "
 
-#: gitk:8475 gitk:8480
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - Abbruch.\n"
 
-#: gitk:8485 gitk:8488 gitk:8496 gitk:8510 gitk:8519
+#: gitk:9031 gitk:9034 gitk:9042 gitk:9056 gitk:9065
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Version "
 
-#: gitk:8489
+#: gitk:9035
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -844,7 +893,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " ist das gleiche Patch wie\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8497
+#: gitk:9043
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -852,7 +901,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " ist unterschiedlich von\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8499
+#: gitk:9045
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -860,130 +909,131 @@ msgstr ""
 "Vergleich der Versionen:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8511 gitk:8520
+#: gitk:9057 gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " hat %s Kinder. Abbruch\n"
 
-#: gitk:8539
+#: gitk:9085
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Version in Datei: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8545
+#: gitk:9091
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Vergleichen der Versionen: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8575
+#: gitk:9137
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Oben"
 
-#: gitk:8576
+#: gitk:9138
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Von"
 
-#: gitk:8581
+#: gitk:9143
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "bis"
 
-#: gitk:8605
+#: gitk:9167
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Patch erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:8607
+#: gitk:9169
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Von:"
 
-#: gitk:8616
+#: gitk:9178
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "bis:"
 
-#: gitk:8625
+#: gitk:9187
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Umgekehrt"
 
-#: gitk:8627 gitk:8822
+#: gitk:9189 gitk:9385
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Ausgabedatei:"
 
-#: gitk:8633
+#: gitk:9195
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Erzeugen"
 
-#: gitk:8671
+#: gitk:9233
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen des Patches:"
 
-#: gitk:8694 gitk:8810 gitk:8867
+#: gitk:9256 gitk:9373 gitk:9430
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8703
+#: gitk:9265
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Markierungsname:"
 
-#: gitk:8706
+#: gitk:9268
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Eine Markierungsbeschreibung ist optional"
 
-#: gitk:8708
+#: gitk:9270
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Markierungsbeschreibung:"
 
-#: gitk:8712 gitk:8876
+#: gitk:9274 gitk:9439
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:8730
+#: gitk:9292
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Kein Markierungsname angegeben"
 
-#: gitk:8734
+#: gitk:9296
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Markierung »%s« existiert bereits."
 
-#: gitk:8744
+#: gitk:9306
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Markierung:"
 
-#: gitk:8819
+#: gitk:9382
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:8827
+#: gitk:9390
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Schreiben"
 
-#: gitk:8845
+#: gitk:9408
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Version:"
 
-#: gitk:8872
+#: gitk:9435
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Name:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9458
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen für den neuen Zweig an."
 
-#: gitk:8900
+#: gitk:9463
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Zweig »%s« existiert bereits. Soll er überschrieben werden?"
 
-#: gitk:8966
+#: gitk:9530
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
-"Version »%s« ist bereits im Zweig »%s« enthalten -- trotzdem erneut eintragen?"
+"Version »%s« ist bereits im Zweig »%s« enthalten -- trotzdem erneut "
+"eintragen?"
 
-#: gitk:8971
+#: gitk:9535
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Version pflücken"
 
-#: gitk:8980
+#: gitk:9544
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -993,7 +1043,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "vorliegen. Bitte diese Änderungen eintragen, zurücksetzen oder\n"
 "zwischenspeichern (»git stash«) und dann erneut versuchen."
 
-#: gitk:8986
+#: gitk:9550
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1002,34 +1052,63 @@ msgstr ""
 "ist. Soll das Zusammenführungs-Werkzeug (»git citool«) aufgerufen\n"
 "werden, um diesen Konflikt aufzulösen?"
 
-#: gitk:9002
+#: gitk:9566 gitk:9624
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Keine Änderungen eingetragen"
 
-#: gitk:9028
+#: gitk:9593
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Version »%s« ist nicht im Zweig »%s« enthalten -- trotzdem umkehren?"
+
+#: gitk:9598
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Umkehren"
+
+#: gitk:9606
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Umkehren fehlgeschlagen, da noch lokale Änderungen in Datei »%s«\n"
+"vorliegen. Bitte diese Änderungen eintragen, zurücksetzen oder\n"
+"zwischenspeichern (»git stash«) und dann erneut versuchen."
+
+#: gitk:9610
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Umkehren fehlgeschlagen, da ein Zusammenführungs-Konflikt aufgetreten\n"
+"ist. Soll das Zusammenführungs-Werkzeug (»git citool«) aufgerufen\n"
+"werden, um diesen Konflikt aufzulösen?"
+
+#: gitk:9653
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Zurücksetzen bestätigen"
 
-#: gitk:9030
+#: gitk:9655
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Zweig »%s« auf »%s« zurücksetzen?"
 
-#: gitk:9032
+#: gitk:9657
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Art des Zurücksetzens:"
 
-#: gitk:9035
+#: gitk:9660
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Harmlos: Arbeitskopie und Bereitstellung unverändert"
 
-#: gitk:9038
+#: gitk:9663
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr ""
 "Gemischt: Arbeitskopie unverändert,\n"
 "Bereitstellung zurückgesetzt"
 
-#: gitk:9041
+#: gitk:9666
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1037,21 +1116,21 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hart: Arbeitskopie und Bereitstellung\n"
 "(Alle lokalen Änderungen werden gelöscht)"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9683
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Zurücksetzen"
 
-#: gitk:9118
+#: gitk:9743
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Umstellen"
 
-#: gitk:9171
+#: gitk:9796
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr ""
 "Der Zweig, auf den die Arbeitskopie momentan umgestellt ist, kann nicht "
 "gelöscht werden."
 
-#: gitk:9177
+#: gitk:9802
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1060,16 +1139,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Die Versionen auf Zweig »%s« existieren auf keinem anderen Zweig.\n"
 "Zweig »%s« trotzdem löschen?"
 
-#: gitk:9208
+#: gitk:9833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Markierungen und Zweige: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9223
+#: gitk:9850
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtern"
 
-#: gitk:9518
+#: gitk:10146
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1077,202 +1156,232 @@ msgstr ""
 "Fehler beim Lesen der Strukturinformationen; Zweige und Informationen zu "
 "Vorgänger/Nachfolger werden unvollständig sein."
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:11123
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Markierung"
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10554
+#: gitk:11210
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Gitk-Schriften wählen"
 
-#: gitk:10571
+#: gitk:11227
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10574
+#: gitk:11230
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10692
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Gitk-Einstellungen"
-
-#: gitk:10694
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Anzeige der Versionsliste"
 
-#: gitk:10697
+#: gitk:11351
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximale Graphenbreite (Zeilen)"
 
-#: gitk:10700
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11355
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximale Graphenbreite (% des Fensters)"
 
-#: gitk:10703
+#: gitk:11358
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Lokale Änderungen anzeigen"
 
-#: gitk:10706
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "SHA1-Hashwert automatisch auswählen"
+#: gitk:11361
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "SHA1-Hashwert (Länge) automatisch auswählen"
 
-#: gitk:10709
+#: gitk:11365
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Entfernte Zweige/Markierungen ausblenden"
 
-#: gitk:10713
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Anzeige des Vergleichs"
 
-#: gitk:10715
+#: gitk:11371
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Tabulatorbreite"
 
-#: gitk:10718
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
-msgstr "Naheliegende Markierungen anzeigen"
+#: gitk:11374
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Naheliegende Markierungen/Zweigspitzen anzeigen"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Maximale Anzahl anzuzeigender Markierungen/Zweigspitzen"
 
-#: gitk:10721
+#: gitk:11380
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Vergleich nur für angezeigte Pfade"
 
-#: gitk:10724
+#: gitk:11383
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Zeichenkodierung pro Datei ermitteln"
 
-#: gitk:10730 gitk:10819
+#: gitk:11389 gitk:11536
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11390
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Wählen ..."
 
-#: gitk:10736
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
 
-#: gitk:10739
+#: gitk:11398
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Aussehen der Benutzeroberfläche durch Thema bestimmen"
 
-#: gitk:10741
+#: gitk:11400
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(Änderungen werden erst nach Neustart wirksam)"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11402
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(Momentan nicht verfügbar)"
 
-#: gitk:10747
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Farben: Klicken zum Wählen"
 
-#: gitk:10750
+#: gitk:11416
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Benutzeroberfläche"
 
-#: gitk:10751
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "Benutzeroberfläche"
 
-#: gitk:10754
+#: gitk:11420
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Hintergrund"
 
-#: gitk:10755 gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11421 gitk:11451
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "Hintergrund"
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11424
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Vordergrund"
 
-#: gitk:10759
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "Vordergrund"
 
-#: gitk:10762
+#: gitk:11428
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Vergleich: Alte Zeilen"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "Vergleich - Alte Zeilen"
 
-#: gitk:10767
+#: gitk:11433
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Vergleich: Neue Zeilen"
 
-#: gitk:10768
+#: gitk:11434
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "Vergleich - Neue Zeilen"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Vergleich: Änderungstitel"
 
-#: gitk:10774
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "Vergleich - Änderungstitel"
 
-#: gitk:10778
+#: gitk:11444
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Hintergrund für markierte Zeile"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11446
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "Hintergrund für markierte Zeile"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11450
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Hintergrundfarbe auswählen"
 
-#: gitk:10788
+#: gitk:11459
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Schriftart: Klicken zum Wählen"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Programmschriftart"
 
-#: gitk:10791
+#: gitk:11462
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Schriftart für Vergleich"
 
-#: gitk:10792
+#: gitk:11463
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Beschriftungen"
 
-#: gitk:10829
+#: gitk:11485
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk-Einstellungen"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Allgemein"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Farben"
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Schriftarten"
+
+#: gitk:11546
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: Farbe wählen für %s"
 
-#: gitk:11433
+#: gitk:12059
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Entschuldigung, gitk kann nicht mit dieser Tcl/Tk Version ausgeführt werden.\n"
+" Gitk erfordert mindestens Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+
+#: gitk:12269
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Kein Git-Projektarchiv gefunden."
 
-#: gitk:11437
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis »%s« wurde nicht gefunden."
-
-#: gitk:11484
+#: gitk:12316
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Mehrdeutige Angabe »%s«: Sowohl Version als auch Dateiname existiert."
 
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:12328
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Falsche Kommandozeilen-Parameter für gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11587
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "Kommandozeile"
+#~ msgid "mc"
+#~ msgstr "mc"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "nächste"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "vorige"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Eintragedatum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis »%s« wurde nicht gefunden."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/es.po b/gitk-git/po/es.po
index 0471dd0672..ddcb0a5f68 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/es.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/es.po
@@ -8,25 +8,43 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-10-18 22:03+1100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2008-03-25 11:20+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Santiago Gala <santiago.gala@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Spanish\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:113
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Imposible obtener la lista de archivos pendientes de fusión:"
 
-#: gitk:340
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8220 gitk:8253
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Error al leer las diferencias de fusión:"
+
+#: gitk:380
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "No hay archivos seleccionados: se seleccionó la opción --merge pero no hay "
 "archivos pendientes de fusión."
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -34,254 +52,325 @@ msgstr ""
 "No hay archivos seleccionados: se seleccionó la opción --merge pero los "
 "archivos especificados no necesitan fusión."
 
-#: gitk:378
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Leyendo"
 
-#: gitk:438 gitk:3462
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4525
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Leyendo revisiones..."
 
-#: gitk:441 gitk:1528 gitk:3465
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4528
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "No se seleccionaron revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:1399
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4045 gitk:12432
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Línea de comandos"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Error analizando la salida de git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1605
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Falta información sobre las revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:1709 gitk:1731 gitk:3259 gitk:7764 gitk:9293 gitk:9466
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4315 gitk:9669 gitk:11241 gitk:11521
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "Aceptar"
 
-#: gitk:1733 gitk:3260 gitk:7439 gitk:7510 gitk:7613 gitk:7660 gitk:7766
-#: gitk:9294 gitk:9467
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4317 gitk:9196 gitk:9275 gitk:9391 gitk:9440 gitk:9671
+#: gitk:11242 gitk:11522
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Cancelar"
 
-#: gitk:1811
-msgid "Update"
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
 msgstr "Actualizar"
 
-#: gitk:1813
-msgid "Reread references"
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
 msgstr "Releer referencias"
 
-#: gitk:1814
-msgid "List references"
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
 msgstr "Lista de referencias"
 
-#: gitk:1815
-msgid "Quit"
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
 msgstr "Salir"
 
-#: gitk:1810
-msgid "File"
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
 msgstr "Archivo"
 
-#: gitk:1818
-msgid "Preferences"
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
 msgstr "Preferencias"
 
-#: gitk:1817
-msgid "Edit"
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
 msgstr "Editar"
 
-#: gitk:1821
-msgid "New view..."
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
 msgstr "Nueva vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1822
-msgid "Edit view..."
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
 msgstr "Modificar vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1823
-msgid "Delete view"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
 msgstr "Eliminar vista"
 
-#: gitk:1825
-msgid "All files"
+#: gitk:2088 gitk:4043
+msgid "&All files"
 msgstr "Todos los archivos"
 
-#: gitk:1820 gitk:3196
-msgid "View"
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4067
+msgid "&View"
 msgstr "Vista"
 
-#: gitk:1828 gitk:2487
-msgid "About gitk"
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3012
+msgid "&About gitk"
 msgstr "Acerca de gitk"
 
-#: gitk:1829
-msgid "Key bindings"
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
 msgstr "Combinaciones de teclas"
 
-#: gitk:1827
-msgid "Help"
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
 msgstr "Ayuda"
 
-#: gitk:1887
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8652
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:1918
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:1949
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Buscar"
 
-#: gitk:1950
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "<<"
-
-#: gitk:1951
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr ">>"
-
-#: gitk:1952
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "revisión"
 
-#: gitk:1955 gitk:1957 gitk:3617 gitk:3640 gitk:3664 gitk:5550 gitk:5621
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4687 gitk:4710 gitk:4734 gitk:6755 gitk:6827
+#: gitk:6912
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "que contiene:"
 
-#: gitk:1958 gitk:2954 gitk:2959 gitk:3692
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3526 gitk:3531 gitk:4763
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "que modifica la ruta:"
 
-#: gitk:1959 gitk:3697
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4777
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "que añade/elimina cadena:"
 
-#: gitk:1968 gitk:1970
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4779
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4766
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exacto"
 
-#: gitk:1970 gitk:3773 gitk:5518
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4854 gitk:6723
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "NoMayús"
 
-#: gitk:1970 gitk:3666 gitk:3771 gitk:5514
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4736 gitk:4852 gitk:6719
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Regex"
 
-#: gitk:1972 gitk:1973 gitk:3792 gitk:3822 gitk:3829 gitk:5641 gitk:5708
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4874 gitk:4904 gitk:4911 gitk:6848 gitk:6916
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Todos los campos"
 
-#: gitk:1973 gitk:3790 gitk:3822 gitk:5580
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4871 gitk:4904 gitk:6786
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Título"
 
-#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:5708 gitk:6109
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:6916 gitk:7389
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Comentarios"
 
-#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:3794 gitk:3829 gitk:5580 gitk:6045 gitk:7285
-#: gitk:7300
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:4876 gitk:4911 gitk:6786 gitk:7324 gitk:8830
+#: gitk:8845
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Autor"
 
-#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:6047
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:7326
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2003
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Buscar"
 
-#: gitk:2010
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diferencia"
 
-#: gitk:2012
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Versión antigua"
 
-#: gitk:2014
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Versión nueva"
 
-#: gitk:2016
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Líneas de contexto"
 
-#: gitk:2026
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignora cambios de espaciado"
 
-#: gitk:2084
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7959 gitk:8206
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Parche"
 
-#: gitk:2086
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "�rbol"
 
-#: gitk:2213 gitk:2226
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diferencia de esta -> seleccionada"
 
-#: gitk:2214 gitk:2227
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diferencia de seleccionada -> esta"
 
-#: gitk:2215 gitk:2228
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2639
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Crear patch"
 
-#: gitk:2216 gitk:7494
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9254
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Crear etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:2217 gitk:7593
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9371
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Escribir revisiones a archivo"
 
-#: gitk:2218 gitk:7647
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9428
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Crear nueva rama"
 
-#: gitk:2219
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Añadir esta revisión a la rama actual (cherry-pick)"
 
-#: gitk:2220
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Traer la rama HEAD aquí"
 
-#: gitk:2234
+#: gitk:2625
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Añadir esta revisión a la rama actual (cherry-pick)"
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2628
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diferencia de esta -> seleccionada"
+
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diferencia de seleccionada -> esta"
+
+#: gitk:2631
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Añadir esta revisión a la rama actual (cherry-pick)"
+
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Cambiar a esta rama"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2648
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Eliminar esta rama"
 
-#: gitk:2242
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Seleccionar también"
 
-#: gitk:2243
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Seleccionar sólo"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2658
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2659
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2667
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2668
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3014
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -293,425 +382,733 @@ msgstr ""
 "Uso y redistribución permitidos según los términos de la Licencia Pública "
 "General de GNU (GNU GPL)"
 
-#: gitk:2496 gitk:2557 gitk:7943
+#: gitk:3022 gitk:3089 gitk:9857
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Cerrar"
 
-#: gitk:2515
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Combinaciones de tecla de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2517
+#: gitk:3046
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Combinaciones de tecla de Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2519
+#: gitk:3048
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tSalir"
 
-#: gitk:2520
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tBuscar"
+
+#: gitk:3050
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tIr a la primera revisión"
 
-#: gitk:2521
+#: gitk:3051
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tIr a la última revisión"
 
-#: gitk:2522
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3052
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tSubir una revisión"
 
-#: gitk:2523
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3053
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tBajar una revisión"
 
-#: gitk:2524
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3054
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tRetroceder en la historia"
 
-#: gitk:2525
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tAvanzar en la historia"
 
-#: gitk:2526
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3057
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tSubir una página en la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2527
+#: gitk:3058
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tBajar una página en la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2528
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tDesplazarse al inicio de la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2529
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tDesplazarse al final de la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2530
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tDesplazar una línea hacia arriba la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2531
+#: gitk:3062
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tDesplazar una línea hacia abajo la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2532
+#: gitk:3063
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tDesplazar una página hacia arriba la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2533
+#: gitk:3064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tDesplazar una página hacia abajo la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2534
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tBuscar hacia atrás (arriba, revisiones siguientes)"
 
-#: gitk:2535
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tBuscar hacia adelante (abajo, revisiones anteriores)"
 
-#: gitk:2536
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tDesplaza hacia arriba una página la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2537
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tDesplaza hacia arriba una página la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2538
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Space>\t\tDesplaza hacia abajo una página la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2539
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tDesplaza hacia arriba 18 líneas la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2540
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tDesplaza hacia abajo 18 líneas la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2541
+#: gitk:3072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tBuscar"
 
-#: gitk:2542
+#: gitk:3073
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tBuscar el siguiente"
 
-#: gitk:2543
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\tBuscar el siguiente"
 
-#: gitk:2544
-msgid "/\t\tMove to next find hit, or redo find"
-msgstr "/\t\tBuscar el siguiente, o reiniciar la búsqueda"
+#: gitk:3075
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tIr a la última revisión"
+
+#: gitk:3076
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2545
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tBuscar el anterior"
 
-#: gitk:2546
+#: gitk:3078
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tDesplazar la vista de diferencias al archivo siguiente"
 
-#: gitk:2547
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tBuscar siguiente en la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2548
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tBuscar anterior en la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2549
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumentar tamaño del texto"
 
-#: gitk:2550
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAumentar tamaño del texto"
 
-#: gitk:2551
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDisminuir tamaño del texto"
 
-#: gitk:2552
+#: gitk:3084
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tDisminuir tamaño del texto"
 
-#: gitk:2553
+#: gitk:3085
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tActualizar"
 
-#: gitk:3200
+#: gitk:3550 gitk:3559
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Error en la creación del parche:"
+
+#: gitk:3572
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Error al leer las diferencias de fusión:"
+
+#: gitk:3635
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "Línea de comandos"
+
+#: gitk:3784
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "No se han guardado cambios"
+
+#: gitk:3798
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3837
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:3862
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3865 gitk:6754
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Buscando"
+
+#: gitk:3897
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:3925
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3939
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "f\t\tDesplazar la vista de diferencias al archivo siguiente"
+
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definición de vistas de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:3225
-msgid "Name"
-msgstr "Nombre"
-
-#: gitk:3228
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Recordar esta vista"
 
-#: gitk:3232
-msgid "Commits to include (arguments to git log):"
+#: gitk:4075
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4076
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4077
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Todos los archivos"
+
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4082
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: gitk:4083
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "revisión"
+
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4085
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4088
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4089
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4090
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Buscando"
+
+#: gitk:4091
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4092
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4093
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4094
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4095
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4096
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4097
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4098
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4099
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4100
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Limitar las diferencias a las rutas seleccionadas"
+
+#: gitk:4101
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4102
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Revisiones a incluir (argumentos a git log):"
 
-#: gitk:3239
+#: gitk:4103
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Introducir archivos y directorios a incluir, uno por línea:"
+
+#: gitk:4104
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Comando que genera más revisiones a incluir:"
 
-#: gitk:3246
-msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
-msgstr "Introducir archivos y directorios a incluir, uno por línea:"
+#: gitk:4228
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:3293
+#: gitk:4236
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4241
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Vista"
+
+#: gitk:4316
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4354
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Error en los argumentos de selección de las revisiones:"
 
-#: gitk:3347 gitk:3399 gitk:3842 gitk:3856 gitk:5060 gitk:10141 gitk:10142
+#: gitk:4409 gitk:4462 gitk:4924 gitk:4938 gitk:6208 gitk:12373 gitk:12374
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Ninguno"
 
-#: gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:7287 gitk:7302
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Fecha"
-
-#: gitk:3790 gitk:5580
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Fecha de creación"
-
-#: gitk:3939 gitk:3944
+#: gitk:5021 gitk:5026
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Descendiente"
 
-#: gitk:3940
+#: gitk:5022
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "No descendiente"
 
-#: gitk:3947 gitk:3952
+#: gitk:5029 gitk:5034
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Antepasado"
 
-#: gitk:3948
+#: gitk:5030
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "No antepasado"
 
-#: gitk:4187
+#: gitk:5324
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Cambios locales añadidos al índice pero sin completar revisión"
 
-#: gitk:4220
+#: gitk:5360
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Cambios locales sin añadir al índice"
 
-#: gitk:5549
-msgid "Searching"
-msgstr "Buscando"
+#: gitk:7134
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:6049
+#: gitk:7137
+msgid "many"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7328
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Etiquetas:"
 
-#: gitk:6066 gitk:6072 gitk:7280
+#: gitk:7345 gitk:7351 gitk:8825
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Padre"
 
-#: gitk:6077
+#: gitk:7356
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Hija"
 
-#: gitk:6086
+#: gitk:7365
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Rama"
 
-#: gitk:6089
+#: gitk:7368
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Sigue-a"
 
-#: gitk:6092
+#: gitk:7371
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Precede-a"
 
-#: gitk:6378
-msgid "Error getting merge diffs:"
+#: gitk:7966
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Error al leer las diferencias de fusión:"
 
-#: gitk:7113
+#: gitk:8650
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Ir a:"
 
-#: gitk:7115
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
-
-#: gitk:7134
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "La id SHA1 abreviada %s es ambigua"
 
-#: gitk:7146
+#: gitk:8678
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "La id SHA1 %s es desconocida"
+
+#: gitk:8688
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "La id SHA1 %s es desconocida"
 
-#: gitk:7148
+#: gitk:8690
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
-msgstr "La etiqueta/rama %s es deconocida"
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:7290
+#: gitk:8832 gitk:8847
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Fecha"
+
+#: gitk:8835
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Hijas"
 
-#: gitk:7347
+#: gitk:8898
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Poner la rama %s en esta revisión"
 
-#: gitk:7349
+#: gitk:8900
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:7381
+#: gitk:9005 gitk:9011
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9020 gitk:9025
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Error en la creación del parche:"
+
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9031 gitk:9034 gitk:9042 gitk:9056 gitk:9065
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "revisión"
+
+#: gitk:9035
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9043
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9045
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9057 gitk:9066
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9085
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Error al escribir revisión:"
+
+#: gitk:9091
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Error al escribir revisión:"
+
+#: gitk:9137
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Origen"
 
-#: gitk:7382
+#: gitk:9138
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "De"
 
-#: gitk:7387
+#: gitk:9143
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "A"
 
-#: gitk:7410
+#: gitk:9167
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Generar parche"
 
-#: gitk:7412
+#: gitk:9169
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "De:"
 
-#: gitk:7421
+#: gitk:9178
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Para:"
 
-#: gitk:7430
+#: gitk:9187
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Invertir"
 
-#: gitk:7432 gitk:7607
+#: gitk:9189 gitk:9385
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Escribir a archivo:"
 
-#: gitk:7438
+#: gitk:9195
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generar"
 
-#: gitk:7474
+#: gitk:9233
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Error en la creación del parche:"
 
-#: gitk:7496 gitk:7595 gitk:7649
+#: gitk:9256 gitk:9373 gitk:9430
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:7505
+#: gitk:9265
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Nombre de etiqueta:"
 
-#: gitk:7509 gitk:7659
+#: gitk:9268
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9270
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Nombre de etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:9274 gitk:9439
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Crear"
 
-#: gitk:7524
+#: gitk:9292
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "No se ha especificado etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:7528
+#: gitk:9296
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "La etiqueta \"%s\" ya existe"
 
-#: gitk:7534
+#: gitk:9306
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
 
-#: gitk:7604
+#: gitk:9382
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Comando:"
 
-#: gitk:7612
+#: gitk:9390
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Escribir"
 
-#: gitk:7628
+#: gitk:9408
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Error al escribir revisión:"
 
-#: gitk:7654
+#: gitk:9435
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Nombre:"
 
-#: gitk:7674
+#: gitk:9458
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Especifique un nombre para la nueva rama"
 
-#: gitk:7703
+#: gitk:9463
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "La etiqueta \"%s\" ya existe"
+
+#: gitk:9530
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr "La revisión %s ya está incluida en la rama %s -- ¿Volver a aplicarla?"
 
-#: gitk:7708
+#: gitk:9535
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Eligiendo revisiones (cherry-picking)"
 
-#: gitk:7720
+#: gitk:9544
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9550
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9566 gitk:9624
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "No se han guardado cambios"
 
-#: gitk:7745
+#: gitk:9593
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "La revisión %s ya está incluida en la rama %s -- ¿Volver a aplicarla?"
+
+#: gitk:9598
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Reponiendo"
+
+#: gitk:9606
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9610
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9653
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Confirmar git reset"
 
-#: gitk:7747
+#: gitk:9655
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "¿Reponer la rama %s a %s?"
 
-#: gitk:7751
+#: gitk:9657
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Tipo de reposición:"
 
-#: gitk:7755
+#: gitk:9660
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Suave: No altera la copia de trabajo ni el índice"
 
-#: gitk:7758
+#: gitk:9663
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Mixta: Actualiza el índice, no altera la copia de trabajo"
 
-#: gitk:7761
+#: gitk:9666
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -719,19 +1116,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Dura: Actualiza el índice y la copia de trabajo\n"
 "(abandona TODAS las modificaciones locales)"
 
-#: gitk:7777
+#: gitk:9683
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Reponiendo"
 
-#: gitk:7834
+#: gitk:9743
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Creando copia de trabajo"
 
-#: gitk:7885
+#: gitk:9796
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "No se puede borrar la rama actual"
 
-#: gitk:7891
+#: gitk:9802
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -740,16 +1137,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Las revisiones de la rama %s no están presentes en otras ramas.\n"
 "¿Borrar la rama %s?"
 
-#: gitk:7922
+#: gitk:9833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Etiquetas y ramas: %s"
 
-#: gitk:7936
+#: gitk:9850
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtro"
 
-#: gitk:8230
+#: gitk:10146
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -757,129 +1154,211 @@ msgstr ""
 "Error al leer la topología de revisiones: la información sobre las ramas y "
 "etiquetas precedentes y siguientes será incompleta."
 
-#: gitk:9216
+#: gitk:11123
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:9216
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:9262
+#: gitk:11210
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Selector de tipografías gitk"
 
-#: gitk:9279
+#: gitk:11227
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:9282
+#: gitk:11230
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:9375
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Preferencias de gitk"
-
-#: gitk:9376
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Opciones de visualización de la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:9379
+#: gitk:11351
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Ancho máximo del gráfico (en líneas)"
 
-#: gitk:9383
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11355
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Ancho máximo del gráfico (en % del panel)"
 
-#: gitk:9388
+#: gitk:11358
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Mostrar cambios locales"
 
-#: gitk:9393
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11361
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "Seleccionar automáticamente SHA1 hash"
 
-#: gitk:9398
+#: gitk:11365
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Opciones de visualización de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:9400
+#: gitk:11371
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Espaciado de tabulador"
 
-#: gitk:9404
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11374
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Mostrar etiquetas cercanas"
 
-#: gitk:9409
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11380
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Limitar las diferencias a las rutas seleccionadas"
 
-#: gitk:9414
+#: gitk:11383
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:9421
+#: gitk:11389 gitk:11536
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:9423
+#: gitk:11390
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:9428
+#: gitk:11395
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Generar parche"
+
+#: gitk:11398
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11400
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11402
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Colores: pulse para seleccionar"
 
-#: gitk:9431
+#: gitk:11416
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11417
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "Tipografía para interfaz de usuario"
+
+#: gitk:11420
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Fondo"
 
-#: gitk:9435
+#: gitk:11421 gitk:11451
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "Fondo"
+
+#: gitk:11424
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Primer plano"
 
-#: gitk:9439
+#: gitk:11425
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "Primer plano"
+
+#: gitk:11428
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: líneas viejas"
 
-#: gitk:9444
+#: gitk:11429
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: líneas viejas"
+
+#: gitk:11433
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: líneas nuevas"
 
-#: gitk:9449
+#: gitk:11434
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: líneas nuevas"
+
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: cabecera de fragmento"
 
-#: gitk:9455
+#: gitk:11440
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: cabecera de fragmento"
+
+#: gitk:11444
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11446
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11450
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Color de fondo de la selección"
 
-#: gitk:9459
+#: gitk:11459
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Tipografías: pulse para elegir"
 
-#: gitk:9461
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Tipografía principal"
 
-#: gitk:9462
+#: gitk:11462
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Tipografía para diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:9463
+#: gitk:11463
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Tipografía para interfaz de usuario"
 
-#: gitk:9488
+#: gitk:11485
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferencias de gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Generar"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11546
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: elegir color para %s"
 
-#: gitk:9934
+#: gitk:12059
 msgid ""
 "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
 " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
@@ -887,25 +1366,40 @@ msgstr ""
 "Esta versión de Tcl/Tk es demasiado antigua.\n"
 " Gitk requiere Tcl/Tk versión 8.4 o superior."
 
-#: gitk:10047
+#: gitk:12269
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "No hay un repositorio git aquí."
 
-#: gitk:10051
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "No hay directorio git \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:10098
+#: gitk:12316
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr ""
 "Argumento ambiguo: '%s' es tanto una revisión como un nombre de archivo"
 
-#: gitk:10110
+#: gitk:12328
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Argumentos incorrectos a Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:10170
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "Línea de comandos"
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "<<"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr ">>"
+
+#~ msgid "/\t\tMove to next find hit, or redo find"
+#~ msgstr "/\t\tBuscar el siguiente, o reiniciar la búsqueda"
+
+#~ msgid "Name"
+#~ msgstr "Nombre"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Fecha de creación"
+
+#~ msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
+#~ msgstr "La etiqueta/rama %s es deconocida"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "No hay directorio git \"%s\"."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/fr.po b/gitk-git/po/fr.po
index 5370ddc393..c44f994fa5 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/fr.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/fr.po
@@ -3,642 +3,705 @@
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
 # Translators:
 # Emmanuel Trillaud <etrillaud@gmail.com>
-#
+# Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-10-05 15:16+0200\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-11-19 22:13+0100\n"
-"Last-Translator: Emmanuel Trillaud <etrillaud@gmail.com>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-01-22 22:04+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-01-22 23:28+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>\n"
 "Language-Team: git@vger.kernel.org\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "X-Poedit-Language: French\n"
 "X-Poedit-Country: FRANCE\n"
 
-#: gitk:113
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Impossible de récupérer la liste des fichiers non fusionnés :"
 
-#: gitk:269
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2399
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Colorier les mots différents"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2399 gitk:8239 gitk:8272
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Marquer les mots différents"
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Erreur lors du parcours des révisions :"
 
-#: gitk:324
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de la commande --argscmd :"
 
-#: gitk:337
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Aucun fichier sélectionné : --merge précisé, mais tous les fichiers sont "
 "fusionnés."
 
 # FIXME : améliorer la traduction de 'file limite'
-#: gitk:340
-#, fuzzy
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
-msgstr ""
-"Aucun fichier sélectionné : --merge précisé mais aucun fichier non fusionné "
-"n'est dans la limite des fichiers."
+msgstr "Aucun fichier sélectionné : --merge précisé mais aucun fichier non fusionné n'est dans la limite des fichiers."
 
-#: gitk:362 gitk:509
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de git log :"
 
-#: gitk:380 gitk:525
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Lecture en cours"
 
-#: gitk:440 gitk:4123
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4544
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Lecture des commits..."
 
-#: gitk:443 gitk:1561 gitk:4126
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4547
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Aucun commit sélectionné"
 
-#: gitk:1437
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4064 gitk:12469
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Ligne de commande"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Impossible de lire la sortie de git log :"
 
-#: gitk:1657
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Aucune information disponible sur le commit"
 
-#: gitk:1793 gitk:1817 gitk:3916 gitk:8786 gitk:10322 gitk:10498
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4334 gitk:9702 gitk:11274 gitk:11554
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1819 gitk:3918 gitk:8383 gitk:8457 gitk:8567 gitk:8616 gitk:8788
-#: gitk:10323 gitk:10499
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4336 gitk:9215 gitk:9294 gitk:9424 gitk:9473 gitk:9704
+#: gitk:11275 gitk:11555
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Annuler"
 
-#: gitk:1919
-msgid "Update"
+#: gitk:2083
+msgid "&Update"
 msgstr "Mise à jour"
 
-#: gitk:1920
-msgid "Reload"
-msgstr "Recharger"
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&Reload"
+msgstr "&Recharger"
 
-#: gitk:1921
-msgid "Reread references"
-msgstr "Relire les références"
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
+msgstr "Relire les ré&férences"
 
-#: gitk:1922
-msgid "List references"
-msgstr "Lister les références"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&List references"
+msgstr "&Lister les références"
 
-#: gitk:1924
-msgid "Start git gui"
-msgstr "Démarrer git gui"
+#: gitk:2088
+msgid "Start git &gui"
+msgstr "Démarrer git &gui"
 
-#: gitk:1926
-msgid "Quit"
-msgstr "Quitter"
+#: gitk:2090
+msgid "&Quit"
+msgstr "&Quitter"
 
-#: gitk:1918
-msgid "File"
-msgstr "Fichier"
+#: gitk:2082
+msgid "&File"
+msgstr "&Fichier"
 
-#: gitk:1930
-msgid "Preferences"
+#: gitk:2094
+msgid "&Preferences"
 msgstr "Préférences"
 
-#: gitk:1929
-msgid "Edit"
-msgstr "Éditer"
+#: gitk:2093
+msgid "&Edit"
+msgstr "&Éditer"
 
-#: gitk:1934
-msgid "New view..."
-msgstr "Nouvelle vue..."
+#: gitk:2098
+msgid "&New view..."
+msgstr "&Nouvelle vue..."
 
-#: gitk:1935
-msgid "Edit view..."
-msgstr "Éditer la vue..."
+#: gitk:2099
+msgid "&Edit view..."
+msgstr "&Éditer la vue..."
 
-#: gitk:1936
-msgid "Delete view"
+#: gitk:2100
+msgid "&Delete view"
 msgstr "Supprimer la vue"
 
-#: gitk:1938
-msgid "All files"
+#: gitk:2102
+msgid "&All files"
 msgstr "Tous les fichiers"
 
-#: gitk:1933 gitk:3670
-msgid "View"
-msgstr "Vue"
+#: gitk:2097
+msgid "&View"
+msgstr "&Vue"
 
-#: gitk:1943 gitk:1953 gitk:2654
-msgid "About gitk"
+#: gitk:2107 gitk:2117
+msgid "&About gitk"
 msgstr "À propos de gitk"
 
-#: gitk:1944 gitk:1958
-msgid "Key bindings"
+#: gitk:2108 gitk:2122
+msgid "&Key bindings"
 msgstr "Raccourcis clavier"
 
-#: gitk:1942 gitk:1957
-msgid "Help"
+#: gitk:2106 gitk:2121
+msgid "&Help"
 msgstr "Aide"
 
-#: gitk:2018
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "ID SHA1 :"
+#: gitk:2199 gitk:8671
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "Id SHA1 :"
 
-#: gitk:2049
+#: gitk:2243
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Colonne"
 
-#: gitk:2080
+#: gitk:2281
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Recherche"
 
-#: gitk:2081
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "suivant"
-
-#: gitk:2082
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "précédent"
-
-#: gitk:2083
+#: gitk:2309
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "commit"
 
-#: gitk:2086 gitk:2088 gitk:4284 gitk:4307 gitk:4331 gitk:6272 gitk:6344
-#: gitk:6428
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4706 gitk:4729 gitk:4753 gitk:6774 gitk:6846
+#: gitk:6931
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "contient :"
 
-#: gitk:2089 gitk:3162 gitk:3167 gitk:4359
+#: gitk:2316 gitk:3545 gitk:3550 gitk:4782
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "chemins modifiés :"
 
-#: gitk:2090 gitk:4364
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:4796
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "ajoute/supprime la chaîne :"
 
-#: gitk:2099 gitk:2101
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4798
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "modifie les lignes vérifiant :"
+
+#: gitk:2327 gitk:2329 gitk:4785
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exact"
 
-#: gitk:2101 gitk:4439 gitk:6240
+#: gitk:2329 gitk:4873 gitk:6742
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Ignorer la casse"
 
-#: gitk:2101 gitk:4333 gitk:4437 gitk:6236
+#: gitk:2329 gitk:4755 gitk:4871 gitk:6738
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Expression régulière"
 
-#: gitk:2103 gitk:2104 gitk:4458 gitk:4488 gitk:4495 gitk:6364 gitk:6432
+#: gitk:2331 gitk:2332 gitk:4893 gitk:4923 gitk:4930 gitk:6867 gitk:6935
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Tous les champs"
 
-#: gitk:2104 gitk:4456 gitk:4488 gitk:6303
+#: gitk:2332 gitk:4890 gitk:4923 gitk:6805
 msgid "Headline"
-msgstr "Surligner"
+msgstr "Titre"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:6432 gitk:6866
+#: gitk:2333 gitk:4890 gitk:6805 gitk:6935 gitk:7408
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Commentaires"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:4460 gitk:4495 gitk:6303 gitk:6801 gitk:8063
-#: gitk:8078
+#: gitk:2333 gitk:4890 gitk:4895 gitk:4930 gitk:6805 gitk:7343 gitk:8849
+#: gitk:8864
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Auteur"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:6803
+#: gitk:2333 gitk:4890 gitk:6805 gitk:7345
 msgid "Committer"
-msgstr "Auteur du commit"
+msgstr "Validateur"
 
-#: gitk:2134
+#: gitk:2367
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Rechercher"
 
-#: gitk:2141
+#: gitk:2375
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2143
+#: gitk:2377
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Ancienne version"
 
-#: gitk:2145
+#: gitk:2379
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Nouvelle version"
 
-#: gitk:2147
+#: gitk:2382
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Lignes de contexte"
 
-#: gitk:2157
+#: gitk:2392
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorer les modifications d'espace"
 
-#: gitk:2215
+#: gitk:2396 gitk:2398 gitk:7978 gitk:8225
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "différence par ligne"
+
+#: gitk:2463
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2217
+#: gitk:2465
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Arbre"
 
-#: gitk:2361 gitk:2378
+#: gitk:2635 gitk:2656
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
-msgstr "Diff entre ceci et la sélection"
+msgstr "Diff ceci -> la sélection"
 
-#: gitk:2362 gitk:2379
+#: gitk:2636 gitk:2657
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
-msgstr "Diff entre sélection et ceci"
+msgstr "Diff sélection -> ceci"
 
-#: gitk:2363 gitk:2380
+#: gitk:2637 gitk:2658
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Créer patch"
 
-#: gitk:2364 gitk:8441
+#: gitk:2638 gitk:9273
 msgid "Create tag"
-msgstr "Créer tag"
+msgstr "Créer étiquette"
+
+#: gitk:2639
+msgid "Copy commit summary"
+msgstr "Copié le résumé du commit"
 
-#: gitk:2365 gitk:8547
+#: gitk:2640 gitk:9404
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Écrire le commit dans un fichier"
 
-#: gitk:2366 gitk:8604
+#: gitk:2641 gitk:9461
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Créer une nouvelle branche"
 
-#: gitk:2367
+#: gitk:2642
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Cueillir (cherry-pick) ce commit"
 
-#: gitk:2368
+#: gitk:2643
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche HEAD vers cet état"
 
-#: gitk:2369
+#: gitk:2644
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Marquer ce commit"
 
-#: gitk:2370
+#: gitk:2645
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Retourner à la marque"
 
-#: gitk:2371
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Chercher le descendant de ceci et le marquer"
 
-#: gitk:2372
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Comparer avec le commit marqué"
 
-#: gitk:2386
+#: gitk:2648 gitk:2659
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff ceci -> sélection"
+
+#: gitk:2649 gitk:2660
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff entre sélection -> ceci"
+
+#: gitk:2650
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Défaire ce commit"
+
+#: gitk:2666
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Récupérer cette branche"
 
-#: gitk:2387
+#: gitk:2667
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Supprimer cette branche"
 
-#: gitk:2394
+#: gitk:2668
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr "Copier la nom de la branche"
+
+#: gitk:2675
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Surligner également ceci"
 
-#: gitk:2395
+#: gitk:2676
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Surligner seulement ceci"
 
-#: gitk:2396
+#: gitk:2677
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Diff externe"
 
-#: gitk:2397
+#: gitk:2678
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Blâmer le commit parent"
 
-#: gitk:2404
+#: gitk:2679
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr "Copier le chemin"
+
+#: gitk:2686
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Montrer l'origine de cette ligne"
 
-#: gitk:2405
+#: gitk:2687
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Exécuter git gui blame sur cette ligne"
 
-#: gitk:2656
+#: gitk:3031
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "À propos de gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3033
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - visualisateur de commit pour git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
-"Utilisation et redistribution soumises aux termes de la GNU General Public "
-"License"
+"Utilisation et redistribution soumises aux termes de la GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2664 gitk:2726 gitk:8969
+#: gitk:3041 gitk:3108 gitk:9890
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Fermer"
 
-#: gitk:2683
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Raccourcis clavier de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2686
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Raccourcis clavier de Gitk :"
 
-#: gitk:2688
+#: gitk:3067
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tQuitter"
 
-#: gitk:2689
+#: gitk:3068
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tFermer la fenêtre"
+
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Début>\t\tAller au premier commit"
 
-#: gitk:2690
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<Fin>\t\tAller au dernier commit"
 
-#: gitk:2691
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Haut>, p, i\t Aller au commit suivant"
+#: gitk:3071
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Haut>, p, k\t Aller au commit précédent"
 
-#: gitk:2692
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Bas>, n, k\t Aller au commit précédent"
+#: gitk:3072
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Bas>, n, j\t Aller au commit suivant"
 
-#: gitk:2693
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Gauche>, z, j\tReculer dans l'historique"
+#: gitk:3073
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Gauche>, z, h\tReculer dans l'historique"
 
-#: gitk:2694
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Droite>, x, l\tAvancer dans l'historique"
 
-#: gitk:2695
+#: gitk:3075
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr "<%s-n>\tAller sur le n-ième parent du commit dans l'historique"
+
+#: gitk:3076
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tMonter d'une page dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2696
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tDescendre d'une page dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2697
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Début>\tAller en haut de la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2698
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tAller en bas de la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2699
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tMonter d'une ligne dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2700
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tDescendre d'une ligne dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2701
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tMonter d'une page dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2702
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tDescendre d'une page dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2703
+#: gitk:3084
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr ""
 "<Shift-Up>\tRecherche en arrière (vers l'avant, commits les plus anciens)"
 
-#: gitk:2704
+#: gitk:3085
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr ""
 "<Shift-Down>\tRecherche en avant (vers l'arrière, commit les plus récents)"
 
-#: gitk:2705
+#: gitk:3086
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Supprimer>, b\tMonter d'une page dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2706
+#: gitk:3087
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tMonter d'une page dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2707
+#: gitk:3088
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Espace>\t\tDescendre d'une page dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2708
+#: gitk:3089
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tMonter de 18 lignes dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2709
+#: gitk:3090
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tDescendre de 18 lignes dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2710
+#: gitk:3091
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tRechercher"
 
-#: gitk:2711
+#: gitk:3092
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tAller au résultat de recherche suivant"
 
-#: gitk:2712
+#: gitk:3093
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t\tAller au résultat de recherche suivant"
 
-#: gitk:2713
+#: gitk:3094
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "g\t\tAller au commit"
+
+#: gitk:3095
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tFocus sur la zone de recherche"
 
-#: gitk:2714
+#: gitk:3096
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tAller au résultat de recherche précédent"
 
-#: gitk:2715
+#: gitk:3097
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tAller au prochain fichier dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2716
+#: gitk:3098
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tAller au résultat suivant dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2717
+#: gitk:3099
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tAller au résultat précédent dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2718
+#: gitk:3100
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAugmenter la taille de la police"
 
-#: gitk:2719
+#: gitk:3101
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAugmenter la taille de la police"
 
-#: gitk:2720
+#: gitk:3102
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDiminuer la taille de la police"
 
-#: gitk:2721
+#: gitk:3103
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tDiminuer la taille de la police"
 
-#: gitk:2722
+#: gitk:3104
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tMise à jour"
 
-#: gitk:3177
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
-msgstr "Erreur en obtenant \"%s\" de %s:"
-
-#: gitk:3234 gitk:3243
+#: gitk:3569 gitk:3578
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Erreur lors de la création du répertoire temporaire %s :"
 
-#: gitk:3255
+#: gitk:3591
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Erreur en obtenant \"%s\" de %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3654
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "échec de la commande :"
 
-#: gitk:3401
+#: gitk:3803
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Commit inexistant"
 
-#: gitk:3415
+#: gitk:3817
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame : échec de la commande :"
 
-#: gitk:3446
+#: gitk:3848
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Impossible de lire le head de la fusion : %s"
 
-#: gitk:3454
+#: gitk:3856
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Erreur à la lecture de l'index : %s"
 
-#: gitk:3479
+#: gitk:3881
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Impossible de démarrer git blame : %s"
 
-#: gitk:3482 gitk:6271
+#: gitk:3884 gitk:6773
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Recherche en cours"
 
-#: gitk:3514
+#: gitk:3916
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de git blame : %s"
 
-#: gitk:3542
+#: gitk:3944
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Cette ligne est issue du commit %s, qui n'est pas dans cette vue"
 
-#: gitk:3556
+#: gitk:3958
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
-msgstr "Échec de l'outil externe de visualisation des diff"
+msgstr "Échec de l'outil externe de visualisation des diff :"
+
+#: gitk:4062
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Tous les fichiers"
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Vue"
 
-#: gitk:3674
+#: gitk:4089
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Définition des vues de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:3678
+#: gitk:4093
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Se souvenir de cette vue"
 
-#: gitk:3679
+#: gitk:4094
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Références (liste d'éléments séparés par des espaces) :"
 
-#: gitk:3680
+#: gitk:4095
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
-msgstr "Branches & tags :"
+msgstr "Branches & étiquettes :"
 
-#: gitk:3681
+#: gitk:4096
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Toutes les références"
 
-#: gitk:3682
+#: gitk:4097
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Toutes les branches (locales)"
 
-#: gitk:3683
+#: gitk:4098
 msgid "All tags"
-msgstr "Tous les tags"
+msgstr "Toutes les étiquettes"
 
-#: gitk:3684
+#: gitk:4099
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Toutes les branches de suivi à distance"
 
-#: gitk:3685
+#: gitk:4100
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Info sur les commits (expressions régulières) :"
 
-#: gitk:3686
+#: gitk:4101
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Auteur :"
 
-#: gitk:3687
+#: gitk:4102
 msgid "Committer:"
-msgstr "Commiteur :"
+msgstr "Validateur :"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Message de commit :"
 
-#: gitk:3689
+#: gitk:4104
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Correspond à tous les critères d'Info sur les commits"
 
-#: gitk:3690
+#: gitk:4105
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Ne correspond à aucun des critères d'Info sur les commits"
+
+#: gitk:4106
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Changements des fichiers :"
 
-#: gitk:3691
+#: gitk:4107
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Chaîne Figée"
 
-#: gitk:3692
+#: gitk:4108
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Expression Régulière"
 
-#: gitk:3693
+#: gitk:4109
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Recherche de la chaîne :"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:4110
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -646,207 +709,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "Dates des commits (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, "
 "2009 15:27:38\") :"
 
-#: gitk:3695
+#: gitk:4111
 msgid "Since:"
-msgstr "De :"
+msgstr "Depuis :"
 
-#: gitk:3696
+#: gitk:4112
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Jusqu'au :"
 
-#: gitk:3697
+#: gitk:4113
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Limiter et/ou sauter un certain nombre (entier positif) de révisions :"
 
-#: gitk:3698
+#: gitk:4114
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Nombre à afficher :"
 
-#: gitk:3699
+#: gitk:4115
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Nombre à sauter :"
 
-#: gitk:3700
+#: gitk:4116
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Options diverses :"
 
-#: gitk:3701
+#: gitk:4117
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Trier par date"
 
-# FIXME : traduction de "branch sides"
-#: gitk:3702
-#, fuzzy
+#: gitk:4118
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
-msgstr "Marquer les extrémités des branches"
+msgstr "Indiquer les côtés des branches"
 
-#: gitk:3703
+#: gitk:4119
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Limiter au premier ancêtre"
 
-#: gitk:3704
+#: gitk:4120
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Historique simple"
 
-#: gitk:3705
+#: gitk:4121
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Arguments supplémentaires de git log :"
 
-#: gitk:3706
+#: gitk:4122
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Saisir les fichiers et répertoires à inclure, un par ligne :"
 
-#: gitk:3707
+#: gitk:4123
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Commande pour générer plus de commits à inclure :"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4247
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk : éditer la vue"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4255
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- critère pour la sélection des révisions"
 
-#: gitk:3842
-msgid "View Name:"
-msgstr "Nom de la vue :"
+#: gitk:4260
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Nom de la vue"
 
-#: gitk:3917
+#: gitk:4335
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Appliquer (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:3955
+#: gitk:4373
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Erreur dans les arguments de sélection des commits :"
 
-#: gitk:4008 gitk:4060 gitk:4508 gitk:4522 gitk:5783 gitk:11196 gitk:11197
+#: gitk:4428 gitk:4481 gitk:4943 gitk:4957 gitk:6227 gitk:12410 gitk:12411
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Aucun"
 
-#: gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:8065 gitk:8080
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Date"
-
-#: gitk:4456 gitk:6303
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "CDate"
-
-#: gitk:4605 gitk:4610
+#: gitk:5040 gitk:5045
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Descendant"
 
-#: gitk:4606
+#: gitk:5041
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Pas un descendant"
 
-#: gitk:4613 gitk:4618
+#: gitk:5048 gitk:5053
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Ancêtre"
 
-#: gitk:4614
+#: gitk:5049
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Pas un ancêtre"
 
-#: gitk:4904
+#: gitk:5343
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
-msgstr "Modifications locales enregistrées dans l'index mais non commitées"
+msgstr "Modifications locales enregistrées dans l'index mais non validées"
 
-#: gitk:4940
+#: gitk:5379
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
-msgstr "Modifications locales non enregistrées dans l'index et non commitées"
+msgstr "Modifications locales non enregistrées dans l'index et non validées"
+
+#: gitk:7153
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "et beaucoup plus"
 
-#: gitk:6621
+#: gitk:7156
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "nombreux"
 
-#: gitk:6805
+#: gitk:7347
 msgid "Tags:"
-msgstr "Tags :"
+msgstr "Étiquettes :"
 
-#: gitk:6822 gitk:6828 gitk:8058
+#: gitk:7364 gitk:7370 gitk:8844
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Parent"
 
-#: gitk:6833
+#: gitk:7375
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Enfant"
 
-#: gitk:6842
+#: gitk:7384
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Branche"
 
-#: gitk:6845
+#: gitk:7387
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Suit"
 
-#: gitk:6848
+#: gitk:7390
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Précède"
 
-#: gitk:7346
+#: gitk:7985
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Erreur lors de la récupération des diff : %s"
 
-#: gitk:7886
+#: gitk:8669
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Aller à :"
 
-#: gitk:7888
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "Id SHA1 :"
-
-#: gitk:7907
+#: gitk:8690
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
-msgstr "Id SHA1 court %s est ambigu"
+msgstr "L'id SHA1 court %s est ambigu"
 
-#: gitk:7914
+#: gitk:8697
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
-msgstr "Id SHA1 %s est inconnu"
+msgstr "La révision %s est inconnu"
 
-#: gitk:7924
+#: gitk:8707
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
-msgstr "Id SHA1 %s est inconnu"
+msgstr "L'id SHA1 %s est inconnu"
 
-#: gitk:7926
+#: gitk:8709
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "La révision %s n'est pas dans la vue courante"
 
-#: gitk:8068
+#: gitk:8851 gitk:8866
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Date"
+
+#: gitk:8854
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Enfants"
 
-#: gitk:8125
+#: gitk:8917
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche %s vers cet état"
 
-#: gitk:8127
+#: gitk:8919
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Head détaché : impossible de réinitialiser"
 
-#: gitk:8236 gitk:8242
+#: gitk:9024 gitk:9030
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Éviter le commit de la fusion "
 
-#: gitk:8251 gitk:8256
+#: gitk:9039 gitk:9044
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Erreur à l'obtention de l'ID du patch pour "
 
-#: gitk:8252 gitk:8257
+#: gitk:9040 gitk:9045
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - arrêt en cours\n"
 
-#: gitk:8262 gitk:8265 gitk:8273 gitk:8283 gitk:8292
+#: gitk:9050 gitk:9053 gitk:9061 gitk:9075 gitk:9084
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Commit "
 
-#: gitk:8266
+#: gitk:9054
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -854,7 +911,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "est le même patch que \n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8274
+#: gitk:9062
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -862,186 +919,226 @@ msgstr ""
 " diffère de\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8276
-msgid "- stopping\n"
-msgstr "- arrêt en cours\n"
+#: gitk:9064
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "Diff des commits :\n\n"
 
-#: gitk:8284 gitk:8293
+#: gitk:9076 gitk:9085
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
-msgstr "a %s enfants - arrêt en cours\n"
+msgstr " a %s enfants - arrêt en cours\n"
 
-#: gitk:8324
+#: gitk:9104
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'écriture du commit dans le fichier : %s"
+
+#: gitk:9110
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à la différence des commits : %s"
+
+#: gitk:9156
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Haut"
 
-#: gitk:8325
+#: gitk:9157
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "De"
 
-#: gitk:8330
+#: gitk:9162
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "À"
 
-#: gitk:8354
+#: gitk:9186
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Générer le patch"
 
-#: gitk:8356
+#: gitk:9188
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "De :"
 
-#: gitk:8365
+#: gitk:9197
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "À :"
 
-#: gitk:8374
+#: gitk:9206
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Inverser"
 
-#: gitk:8376 gitk:8561
+#: gitk:9208 gitk:9418
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Fichier de sortie :"
 
-#: gitk:8382
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Générer"
 
-#: gitk:8420
+#: gitk:9252
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Erreur à la création du patch :"
 
-#: gitk:8443 gitk:8549 gitk:8606
+#: gitk:9275 gitk:9406 gitk:9463
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID :"
 
-#: gitk:8452
+#: gitk:9284
 msgid "Tag name:"
-msgstr "Nom du Tag :"
+msgstr "Nom de l'étiquette :"
+
+#: gitk:9287
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Le message d'étiquette est optionnel"
 
-#: gitk:8456 gitk:8615
+#: gitk:9289
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Message d'étiquette :"
+
+#: gitk:9293 gitk:9472
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Créer"
 
-#: gitk:8473
+#: gitk:9311
 msgid "No tag name specified"
-msgstr "Aucun nom de tag spécifié"
+msgstr "Aucun nom d'étiquette spécifié"
 
-#: gitk:8477
+#: gitk:9315
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
-msgstr "Le tag \"%s\" existe déjà"
+msgstr "L'étiquette \"%s\" existe déjà"
 
-#: gitk:8483
+#: gitk:9325
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
-msgstr "Erreur à la création du tag :"
+msgstr "Erreur à la création de l'étiquette :"
 
-#: gitk:8558
+#: gitk:9415
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Commande :"
 
-#: gitk:8566
+#: gitk:9423
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Écrire"
 
-#: gitk:8584
+#: gitk:9441
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Erreur à l'ecriture du commit :"
 
-#: gitk:8611
+#: gitk:9468
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Nom :"
 
-#: gitk:8634
+#: gitk:9491
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Veuillez spécifier un nom pour la nouvelle branche"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:9496
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "La branche '%s' existe déjà. Écraser?"
 
-#: gitk:8705
+#: gitk:9563
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "Le Commit %s est déjà inclus dans la branche %s -- le ré-appliquer malgré "
 "tout?"
 
-#: gitk:8710
+#: gitk:9568
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
-msgstr "Cueillir (Cherry-picking)"
+msgstr "Picorer (Cherry-picking)"
 
-#: gitk:8719
+#: gitk:9577
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
 "Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
 msgstr ""
-"La cueillette (cherry-pick) a échouée à cause de modifications locales du "
-"fichier '%s'.\n"
-"Veuillez commiter, réinitialiser ou stasher vos changements et essayer de "
-"nouveau."
+"Le picorage (cherry-pick) a échouée à cause de modifications locales du fichier '%s'.\n"
+"Veuillez commiter, réinitialiser ou stasher vos changements et essayer de nouveau."
 
-#: gitk:8725
+#: gitk:9583
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
 msgstr ""
-"La cueillette (cherry-pick) a échouée à cause d'un conflit lors d'une "
-"fusion.\n"
+"Le picorage (cherry-pick) a échouée à cause d'un conflit lors d'une fusion.\n"
 "Souhaitez-vous exécuter git citool pour le résoudre ?"
 
-#: gitk:8741
+#: gitk:9599 gitk:9657
 msgid "No changes committed"
-msgstr "Aucun changement commité"
+msgstr "Aucune modification validée"
+
+#: gitk:9626
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Le Commit %s n'est pas inclus dans la branche %s -- le défaire malgré tout?"
+
+#: gitk:9631
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Commit défait"
+
+#: gitk:9639
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr "Échec en tentant de défaire le commit à cause de modifications locales des fichiers : %s. Veuillez valider, réinitialiser ou remiser vos modifications et essayer de nouveau."
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9643
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Échec en tentant de défaire à cause d'un conflit de fusion.\n"
+"Souhaitez-vous exécuter git citool pour le résoudre ?"
+
+#: gitk:9686
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Confirmer la réinitialisation"
 
-#: gitk:8769
+#: gitk:9688
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche %s à %s?"
 
-#: gitk:8773
+#: gitk:9690
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Type de réinitialisation :"
 
-#: gitk:8777
+#: gitk:9693
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Douce : Laisse le répertoire de travail et l'index intacts"
 
-#: gitk:8780
+#: gitk:9696
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr ""
 "Hybride : Laisse le répertoire de travail dans son état courant, "
 "réinitialise l'index"
 
-#: gitk:8783
+#: gitk:9699
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
 msgstr ""
 "Dure : Réinitialise le répertoire de travail et l'index\n"
-"(abandonne TOUS les changements locaux)"
+"(abandonne TOUTES les modifications locale)"
 
-#: gitk:8800
+#: gitk:9716
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Réinitialisation"
 
 # Fixme: Récupération est-il vraiment une mauvaise traduction?
-#: gitk:8857
-#, fuzzy
+#: gitk:9776
 msgid "Checking out"
-msgstr "Récupération"
+msgstr "Extraction"
 
-#: gitk:8910
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
-msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche en cours"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche extraite"
 
-#: gitk:8916
+#: gitk:9835
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1050,16 +1147,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Les commits de la branche %s ne sont dans aucune autre branche.\n"
 "Voulez-vous vraiment supprimer cette branche %s ?"
 
-#: gitk:8947
+#: gitk:9866
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
-msgstr "Tags et heads : %s"
+msgstr "Étiquettes et heads : %s"
 
-#: gitk:8962
+#: gitk:9883
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtrer"
 
-#: gitk:9257
+#: gitk:10179
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1068,162 +1165,202 @@ msgstr ""
 "informations sur les branches et les tags précédents/suivants seront "
 "incomplètes."
 
-#: gitk:10243
+#: gitk:11156
 msgid "Tag"
-msgstr "Tag"
+msgstr "Étiquette"
 
-#: gitk:10243
+#: gitk:11160
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10291
+#: gitk:11243
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Sélecteur de police de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10308
+#: gitk:11260
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:10311
+#: gitk:11263
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:10407
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Préférences de Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10409
+#: gitk:11381
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Options d'affichage de la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:10412
+#: gitk:11384
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Longueur maximum du graphe (lignes)"
 
 # FIXME : Traduction standard de "pane"?
-#: gitk:10416
-#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11388
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
-msgstr "Longueur maximum du graphe (% du panneau)"
+msgstr "Largeur maximum du graphe (% du panneau)"
 
-#: gitk:10420
+#: gitk:11391
 msgid "Show local changes"
-msgstr "Montrer les changements locaux"
+msgstr "Montrer les modifications locales"
 
-#: gitk:10423
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "Sélection auto. du SHA1"
+#: gitk:11394
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Sélection auto. du SHA1 (longueur)"
 
-#: gitk:10427
+#: gitk:11398
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Cacher les refs distantes"
+
+#: gitk:11402
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Options d'affichage des diff"
 
-#: gitk:10429
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Taille des tabulations"
 
-#: gitk:10432
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11407
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Afficher les tags les plus proches"
 
-#: gitk:10435
-msgid "Hide remote refs"
-msgstr "Cacher les refs distantes"
+#: gitk:11410
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Nombre maximum d'étiquettes/heads à afficher"
 
-#: gitk:10438
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Limiter les différences aux chemins listés"
 
-#: gitk:10441
+#: gitk:11416
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Support pour un encodage des caractères par fichier"
 
-#: gitk:10447 gitk:10512
+#: gitk:11422 gitk:11569
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Outil diff externe"
 
-#: gitk:10449
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Choisir..."
 
-#: gitk:10454
+#: gitk:11428
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Options générales"
+
+#: gitk:11431
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Utiliser des widgets en thème"
+
+#: gitk:11433
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(la modification nécessite un redémarrage)"
+
+#: gitk:11435
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(non disponible actuellement)"
+
+#: gitk:11446
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Couleurs : cliquer pour choisir"
 
-#: gitk:10457
+#: gitk:11449
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Interface"
+
+#: gitk:11450
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "interface"
+
+#: gitk:11453
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Arrière-plan"
 
-#: gitk:10458 gitk:10488
+#: gitk:11454 gitk:11484
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "arrière-plan"
 
-#: gitk:10461
+#: gitk:11457
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Premier plan"
 
-#: gitk:10462
+#: gitk:11458
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "premier plan"
 
-#: gitk:10465
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff : anciennes lignes"
 
-#: gitk:10466
+#: gitk:11462
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff anciennes lignes"
 
-#: gitk:10470
+#: gitk:11466
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff : nouvelles lignes"
 
-#: gitk:10471
+#: gitk:11467
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff nouvelles lignes"
 
-#: gitk:10475
+#: gitk:11471
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff : entête du hunk"
 
-#: gitk:10477
+#: gitk:11473
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff : entête du hunk"
 
-#: gitk:10481
+#: gitk:11477
 msgid "Marked line bg"
-msgstr "Arrière-plan de la ligne marquée"
+msgstr "Fond de la ligne marquée"
 
-#: gitk:10483
+#: gitk:11479
 msgid "marked line background"
-msgstr "Arrière-plan de la ligne marquée"
+msgstr "Fond de la ligne marquée"
 
-#: gitk:10487
+#: gitk:11483
 msgid "Select bg"
-msgstr "Sélectionner l'arrière-plan"
+msgstr "Sélectionner le fond"
 
-#: gitk:10491
+#: gitk:11492
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Polices : cliquer pour choisir"
 
-#: gitk:10493
+#: gitk:11494
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Police principale"
 
-#: gitk:10494
+#: gitk:11495
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Police d'affichage des diff"
 
-#: gitk:10495
+#: gitk:11496
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Police de l'interface utilisateur"
 
-#: gitk:10522
+#: gitk:11518
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Préférences de Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11527
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Général"
+
+#: gitk:11528
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Couleurs"
+
+#: gitk:11529
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Polices"
+
+#: gitk:11579
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk : choisir la couleur de %s"
 
-#: gitk:10973
+#: gitk:12092
 msgid ""
 "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
 " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
@@ -1231,24 +1368,33 @@ msgstr ""
 "Désolé, gitk ne peut être exécuté avec cette version de Tcl/Tk.\n"
 " Gitk requiert Tcl/Tk version 8.4 ou supérieur."
 
-#: gitk:11101
+#: gitk:12302
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Impossible de trouver un dépôt git ici."
 
-#: gitk:11105
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Impossible de trouver le répertoire git \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11152
+#: gitk:12349
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Argument '%s' ambigu : à la fois une révision et un nom de fichier"
 
-#: gitk:11164
+#: gitk:12361
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Arguments invalides pour gitk :"
 
-#: gitk:11249
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "Ligne de commande"
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "ID SHA1 :"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "suivant"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "précédent"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "CDate"
+
+#~ msgid "- stopping\n"
+#~ msgstr "- arrêt en cours\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Impossible de trouver le répertoire git \"%s\"."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/hu.po b/gitk-git/po/hu.po
index 7262b610dc..66fd75ba5b 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/hu.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/hu.po
@@ -8,32 +8,41 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: git-gui\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-14 13:33+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-12-14 14:04+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Laszlo Papp <djszapi@archlinux.us>\n"
 "Language-Team: Hungarian\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Nem sikerült letölteni az unmerged fájl listát:"
 
-#: gitk:271
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8220 gitk:8253
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt értelmezés közben:"
 
-#: gitk:326
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a végrehajtáskor --argscmd parancs:"
 
-#: gitk:339
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Nincsen fájl kiválasztva: --merge megadve, de egyetlen fájl sem unmerged."
 
-#: gitk:342
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -41,299 +50,323 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nincsen fájl kiválasztva: --merge megadva, de nincsenek unmerged fájlok a "
 "fájlon belül limit."
 
-#: gitk:364 gitk:511
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a git log végrehajtása közben:"
 
-#: gitk:382 gitk:527
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Olvasás"
 
-#: gitk:442 gitk:4258
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4525
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Commitok olvasása ..."
 
-#: gitk:445 gitk:1575 gitk:4261
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4528
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Nincsen commit kiválasztva"
 
-#: gitk:1451
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4045 gitk:12432
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Parancs sor"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Nem lehet értelmezni a git log kimenetét:"
 
-#: gitk:1671
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Nincsen elérhető commit információ"
 
-#: gitk:1813
-msgid "mc"
-msgstr "mc"
-
-#: gitk:1848 gitk:4051 gitk:9029 gitk:10570 gitk:10789
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4315 gitk:9669 gitk:11241 gitk:11521
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1850 gitk:4053 gitk:8629 gitk:8703 gitk:8813 gitk:8862 gitk:9031
-#: gitk:10571 gitk:10790
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4317 gitk:9196 gitk:9275 gitk:9391 gitk:9440 gitk:9671
+#: gitk:11242 gitk:11522
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Visszavonás"
 
-#: gitk:1972
-msgid "Update"
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
 msgstr "Frissités"
 
-#: gitk:1973
-msgid "Reload"
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
 msgstr "Újratöltés"
 
-#: gitk:1974
-msgid "Reread references"
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
 msgstr "Referenciák újraolvasása"
 
-#: gitk:1975
-msgid "List references"
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
 msgstr "Referenciák listázása"
 
-#: gitk:1977
-msgid "Start git gui"
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
 msgstr "Git gui indítása"
 
-#: gitk:1979
-msgid "Quit"
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
 msgstr "Kilépés"
 
-#: gitk:1971
-msgid "File"
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
 msgstr "Fájl"
 
-#: gitk:1983
-msgid "Preferences"
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
 msgstr "Beállítások"
 
-#: gitk:1982
-msgid "Edit"
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
 msgstr "Szerkesztés"
 
-#: gitk:1987
-msgid "New view..."
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
 msgstr "Új nézet ..."
 
-#: gitk:1988
-msgid "Edit view..."
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
 msgstr "Nézet szerkesztése ..."
 
-#: gitk:1989
-msgid "Delete view"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
 msgstr "Nézet törlése"
 
-#: gitk:1991
-msgid "All files"
+#: gitk:2088 gitk:4043
+msgid "&All files"
 msgstr "Minden fájl"
 
-#: gitk:1986 gitk:3805
-msgid "View"
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4067
+msgid "&View"
 msgstr "Nézet"
 
-#: gitk:1996 gitk:2006 gitk:2777
-msgid "About gitk"
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3012
+msgid "&About gitk"
 msgstr "Gitk névjegy"
 
-#: gitk:1997 gitk:2011
-msgid "Key bindings"
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
 msgstr "Billentyűkombináció"
 
-#: gitk:1995 gitk:2010
-msgid "Help"
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
 msgstr "Segítség"
 
-#: gitk:2088
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8652
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2119
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Sor"
 
-#: gitk:2157
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Keresés"
 
-#: gitk:2158
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "következő"
-
-#: gitk:2159
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "előző"
-
-#: gitk:2160
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "commit"
 
-#: gitk:2163 gitk:2165 gitk:4419 gitk:4442 gitk:4466 gitk:6407 gitk:6479
-#: gitk:6563
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4687 gitk:4710 gitk:4734 gitk:6755 gitk:6827
+#: gitk:6912
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "tartalmazás:"
 
-#: gitk:2166 gitk:3287 gitk:3292 gitk:4494
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3526 gitk:3531 gitk:4763
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "érintendő útvonalak:"
 
-#: gitk:2167 gitk:4499
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4777
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "string hozzáadása/törlése:"
 
-#: gitk:2176 gitk:2178
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4779
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4766
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Pontos"
 
-#: gitk:2178 gitk:4574 gitk:6375
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4854 gitk:6723
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Kis/nagy betű nem számít"
 
-#: gitk:2178 gitk:4468 gitk:4572 gitk:6371
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4736 gitk:4852 gitk:6719
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Regexp"
 
-#: gitk:2180 gitk:2181 gitk:4593 gitk:4623 gitk:4630 gitk:6499 gitk:6567
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4874 gitk:4904 gitk:4911 gitk:6848 gitk:6916
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Minden mező"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4591 gitk:4623 gitk:6438
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4871 gitk:4904 gitk:6786
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Főcím"
 
-#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:6567 gitk:7000
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:6916 gitk:7389
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Megjegyzések"
 
-#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:4595 gitk:4630 gitk:6438 gitk:6935 gitk:8280
-#: gitk:8295
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:4876 gitk:4911 gitk:6786 gitk:7324 gitk:8830
+#: gitk:8845
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Szerző"
 
-#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:6937
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:7326
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Commitoló"
 
-#: gitk:2213
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Keresés"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2223
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Régi verzió"
 
-#: gitk:2225
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Új verzió"
 
-#: gitk:2227
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Tartalmi sorok"
 
-#: gitk:2237
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Space váltás mellőzése"
 
-#: gitk:2296
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7959 gitk:8206
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2298
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Tree"
 
-#: gitk:2453 gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff ezeket -> kiválasztott"
 
-#: gitk:2454 gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff kiválasztottakat -> ezt"
 
-#: gitk:2455 gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2639
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Patch készítése"
 
-#: gitk:2456 gitk:8687
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9254
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Tag készítése"
 
-#: gitk:2457 gitk:8793
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9371
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Commit fáljba írása"
 
-#: gitk:2458 gitk:8850
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9428
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Új branch készítése"
 
-#: gitk:2459
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Cherry-pick erre a commitra"
 
-#: gitk:2460
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "HEAD branch újraindítása ide"
 
-#: gitk:2461
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Ezen commit megjelölése"
 
-#: gitk:2462
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Visszatérés a megjelöléshez"
 
-#: gitk:2463
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Találd meg ezen utódokat és jelöld meg"
 
-#: gitk:2464
+#: gitk:2628
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Összehasonlítás a megjelölt commit-tal"
 
-#: gitk:2478
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff ezeket -> kiválasztott"
+
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff kiválasztottakat -> ezt"
+
+#: gitk:2631
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Ezen commit megjelölése"
+
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Check out ezt a branchot"
 
-#: gitk:2479
+#: gitk:2648
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Töröld ezt a branch-ot"
 
-#: gitk:2486
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Emeld ki ezt is"
 
-#: gitk:2487
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Csak ezt emeld ki"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2658
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Külső diff"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2659
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Blame szülő kommitra"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2667
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Mutasd meg ennek a sornak az eredetét"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2668
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Futtasd a git gui blame-t ezen a soron"
 
-#: gitk:2779
+#: gitk:3014
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -344,298 +377,321 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Használd és terjeszd a GNU General Public License feltételei mellett"
 
-#: gitk:2787 gitk:2851 gitk:9215
+#: gitk:3022 gitk:3089 gitk:9857
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Bezárás"
 
-#: gitk:2808
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Gitk-billentyű hozzárendelés"
 
-#: gitk:2811
+#: gitk:3046
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Gitk-billentyű hozzaárendelés:"
 
-#: gitk:2813
+#: gitk:3048
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tKilépés"
 
-#: gitk:2814
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tKeresés"
+
+#: gitk:3050
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Pos1>\t\tElső commithoz"
 
-#: gitk:2815
+#: gitk:3051
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<Ende>\t\tUtolsó commithoz"
 
-#: gitk:2816
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3052
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Hoch>, p, i\tEgy committal feljebb"
 
-#: gitk:2817
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3053
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Runter>, n, k\tEgy committal lejjebb"
 
-#: gitk:2818
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3054
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Links>, z, j\tVissza a history listába"
 
-#: gitk:2819
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Rechts>, x, l\tElőre a history listába"
 
-#: gitk:2820
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3057
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<BildHoch>\tEgy lappal feljebb a commit listába"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:3058
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<BildRunter>\tEgy lappal lejjebb a commit listába"
 
-#: gitk:2822
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Pos1>\tGörgetés a commit lista tetejéhez"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Ende>\tGörgetés a commit lista aljához"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Hoch>\tEgy sorral feljebb görgetés a commit listában"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3062
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Runter>\tEgy sorral lejjebb görgetés a commit listában"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3063
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-BildHoch>\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a commit listában"
 
-#: gitk:2827
+#: gitk:3064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-BildRunter>\tEgy sorral lejjebb görgetés a commit listában"
 
-#: gitk:2828
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Umschalt-Hoch>\tKeresés visszafele (felfele, utolsó commitok)"
 
-#: gitk:2829
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Umschalt-Runter>\tKeresés előre (lefelé; korábbi commitok)"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Entf>, b\t\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Löschtaste>\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Leertaste>\tEgy lappal lejjebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\t18 sorral felfelé görgetés diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\t18 sorral lejjebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tKeresés"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3073
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tKövetkező találathoz"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Eingabetaste>\tKövetkező találathoz"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3075
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "<Ende>\t\tUtolsó commithoz"
+
+#: gitk:3076
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tLépj a keresési mezőre"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tElőző találathoz"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3078
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tKövetkező fájlra görgetés diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tKövetkező találatra keresés diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tElőző találatra keresés diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Nummerblock-Plus>\tBetűméret növelése"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Plus>\tBetűméret növelése"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Nummernblock-Minus> Betűméret csökkentése"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3084
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Minus>\tBetűméret csökkentése"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3085
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tFrissítés"
 
-#: gitk:3302 gitk:3311
+#: gitk:3550 gitk:3559
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt az ideiglenes könyvtár létrehozása közben %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3324
+#: gitk:3572
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt \"%s\" letöltése közben %s-ről:"
 
-#: gitk:3387
+#: gitk:3635
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "parancs hiba:"
 
-#: gitk:3536
+#: gitk:3784
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Nincs ilyen commit"
 
-#: gitk:3550
+#: gitk:3798
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: parancs hiba:"
 
-#: gitk:3581
+#: gitk:3829
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Nem sikerült a Merge head olvasása: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3589
+#: gitk:3837
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt az index olvasása közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3614
+#: gitk:3862
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Nem sikerült a git blame indítása: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3617 gitk:6406
+#: gitk:3865 gitk:6754
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Keresés"
 
-#: gitk:3649
+#: gitk:3897
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a git blame futtatása közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3677
+#: gitk:3925
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr ""
 "A %s commitból származik az a sor, amelyik nem található ebben a nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:3691
+#: gitk:3939
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Külső diff nézegető hiba:"
 
-#: gitk:3809
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Gitk nézet meghatározása"
 
-#: gitk:3813
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Maradj ennél a nézetnél"
 
-#: gitk:3814
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referenciák (szóközzel tagolt lista"
 
-#: gitk:3815
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Branch-ek & tagek:"
 
-#: gitk:3816
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Minden ref"
 
-#: gitk:3817
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Minden (helyi) branch"
 
-#: gitk:3818
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Minden tag"
 
-#: gitk:3819
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Minden távoli követő branch"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Commit Infó (reguláris kifejezés):"
 
-#: gitk:3821
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Szerző:"
 
-#: gitk:3822
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Commitoló:"
 
-#: gitk:3823
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Commit üzenet:"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Egyezik minen Commit Infó feltétellel"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4086
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Egyezik minen Commit Infó feltétellel"
+
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Fájl változások:"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4088
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Fix String"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4089
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Reguláris kifejezés"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4090
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Keresés szöveg:"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4091
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -643,206 +699,203 @@ msgstr ""
 "Commit Dátumok (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4092
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Ettől:"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4093
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Eddig:"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4094
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Limitálva és/vagy kihagyva egy adott számú revíziót (pozitív egész):"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4095
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Mutatandó szám:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4096
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Kihagyandó szám:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4097
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Különféle opciók:"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4098
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Szigorú rendezás dátum alapján"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4099
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Jelölje meg az ágakat"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4100
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Korlátozás az első szülőre"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4101
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Egyszerű history"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4102
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "További argumentok a git log-hoz:"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Fájlok és könyvtárak bejegyzése amiket tartalmaz, soronként:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4104
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Parancs több tartalmazó commit generálására:"
 
-#: gitk:3964
+#: gitk:4228
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: szerkesztés nézet"
 
-#: gitk:3972
+#: gitk:4236
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- kritériumok a revíziók kiválasztásához"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4241
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Nézet neve"
 
-#: gitk:4052
+#: gitk:4316
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Alkalmaz (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4090
+#: gitk:4354
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a commit argumentumok kiválasztása közben:"
 
-#: gitk:4143 gitk:4195 gitk:4643 gitk:4657 gitk:5918 gitk:11519 gitk:11520
+#: gitk:4409 gitk:4462 gitk:4924 gitk:4938 gitk:6208 gitk:12373 gitk:12374
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Keine"
 
-#: gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:8282 gitk:8297
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Dátum"
-
-#: gitk:4591 gitk:6438
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Dátum"
-
-#: gitk:4740 gitk:4745
+#: gitk:5021 gitk:5026
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Leszármazott"
 
-#: gitk:4741
+#: gitk:5022
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Nem leszármazott"
 
-#: gitk:4748 gitk:4753
+#: gitk:5029 gitk:5034
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Előd"
 
-#: gitk:4749
+#: gitk:5030
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Nem előd"
 
-#: gitk:5039
+#: gitk:5324
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr ""
 "Lokális változtatások, melyek be vannak téve az indexbe, de még nincsenek "
 "commitolva"
 
-#: gitk:5075
+#: gitk:5360
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokális nem commitolt változások, nincsenek betéve az indexbe"
 
-#: gitk:6756
+#: gitk:7134
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7137
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "sok"
 
-#: gitk:6939
+#: gitk:7328
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Tagek:"
 
-#: gitk:6956 gitk:6962 gitk:8275
+#: gitk:7345 gitk:7351 gitk:8825
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Eltern"
 
-#: gitk:6967
+#: gitk:7356
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Gyerek"
 
-#: gitk:6976
+#: gitk:7365
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "�g"
 
-#: gitk:6979
+#: gitk:7368
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Következők"
 
-#: gitk:6982
+#: gitk:7371
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Megelőzők"
 
-#: gitk:7519
+#: gitk:7966
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a diff-ek letöltése közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8103
+#: gitk:8650
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Menj:"
 
-#: gitk:8105
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
-
-#: gitk:8124
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Rövid SHA1 id %s félreérthető"
 
-#: gitk:8131
+#: gitk:8678
+#, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "A(z) %s revízió nem ismert"
 
-#: gitk:8141
+#: gitk:8688
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA1 id %s nem ismert"
 
-#: gitk:8143
+#: gitk:8690
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "A(z) %s revízió nincs a jelenlegi nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:8285
+#: gitk:8832 gitk:8847
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Dátum"
+
+#: gitk:8835
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Gyerekek"
 
-#: gitk:8343
+#: gitk:8898
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "�llítsd vissza a %s branch-ot ide"
 
-#: gitk:8345
+#: gitk:8900
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Elkülönített head: nem lehet visszaállítani"
 
-#: gitk:8454 gitk:8460
+#: gitk:9005 gitk:9011
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Merge commit kihagyása "
 
-#: gitk:8469 gitk:8474
+#: gitk:9020 gitk:9025
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Hiba történt a patch ID megszerzése közben a következőnél "
 
-#: gitk:8470 gitk:8475
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - abbahagyás\n"
 
-#: gitk:8480 gitk:8483 gitk:8491 gitk:8505 gitk:8514
+#: gitk:9031 gitk:9034 gitk:9042 gitk:9056 gitk:9065
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Commit "
 
-#: gitk:8484
+#: gitk:9035
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +903,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " Ugyanaz a patch mint\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8492
+#: gitk:9043
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +911,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " különbözik innentől\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8494
+#: gitk:9045
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,121 +919,132 @@ msgstr ""
 "A commitok diffje:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8506 gitk:8515
+#: gitk:9057 gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " %s gyereke van. abbahagyás\n"
 
-#: gitk:8534
+#: gitk:9085
+#, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a commit fájlba írása közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8540
+#: gitk:9091
+#, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a commitok diffelése közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8570
+#: gitk:9137
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Teteje"
 
-#: gitk:8571
+#: gitk:9138
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Innen"
 
-#: gitk:8576
+#: gitk:9143
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Ide"
 
-#: gitk:8600
+#: gitk:9167
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Patch generálása"
 
-#: gitk:8602
+#: gitk:9169
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Innen:"
 
-#: gitk:8611
+#: gitk:9178
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Ide:"
 
-#: gitk:8620
+#: gitk:9187
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Visszafele"
 
-#: gitk:8622 gitk:8807
+#: gitk:9189 gitk:9385
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Kimeneti fájl:"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:9195
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generálás"
 
-#: gitk:8666
+#: gitk:9233
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Hiba törtét a patch készítése közben:"
 
-#: gitk:8689 gitk:8795 gitk:8852
+#: gitk:9256 gitk:9373 gitk:9430
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8698
+#: gitk:9265
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Tag név:"
 
-#: gitk:8702 gitk:8861
+#: gitk:9268
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9270
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Tag név:"
+
+#: gitk:9274 gitk:9439
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Létrehozás"
 
-#: gitk:8719
+#: gitk:9292
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "A tag neve nincsen megadva"
 
-#: gitk:8723
+#: gitk:9296
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "%s Tag már létezik"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9306
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a tag létrehozása közben:"
 
-#: gitk:8804
+#: gitk:9382
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Parancs:"
 
-#: gitk:8812
+#: gitk:9390
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "�rás"
 
-#: gitk:8830
+#: gitk:9408
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a commit írása közben:"
 
-#: gitk:8857
+#: gitk:9435
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Név:"
 
-#: gitk:8880
+#: gitk:9458
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Kérem adja meg a nevét az új branchhoz"
 
-#: gitk:8885
+#: gitk:9463
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "%s branch már létezik. Felülírja?"
 
-#: gitk:8951
+#: gitk:9530
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "%s commit már benne van a %s branchban -- biztos hogy újra csinálja ?"
 "eintragen?"
 
-#: gitk:8956
+#: gitk:9535
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Cherry-picking"
 
-#: gitk:8965
+#: gitk:9544
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -990,7 +1054,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Kérem commitolja, indítsa újra vagy rejtse el a változtatásait és próbálja "
 "újra."
 
-#: gitk:8971
+#: gitk:9550
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -998,32 +1062,63 @@ msgstr ""
 "Cherry-pick hiba történt merge konfliktus miatt.\n"
 "Kívánja futtatni a git citool-t a probléma megoldásához?"
 
-#: gitk:8987
+#: gitk:9566 gitk:9624
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Nincsen változás commitolva"
 
-#: gitk:9013
+#: gitk:9593
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"%s commit már benne van a %s branchban -- biztos hogy újra csinálja ?"
+"eintragen?"
+
+#: gitk:9598
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Újraindítás"
+
+#: gitk:9606
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick hiba történt lokális váltotások miatt a '%s' fájlban.\n"
+"Kérem commitolja, indítsa újra vagy rejtse el a változtatásait és próbálja "
+"újra."
+
+#: gitk:9610
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick hiba történt merge konfliktus miatt.\n"
+"Kívánja futtatni a git citool-t a probléma megoldásához?"
+
+#: gitk:9653
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Újraindítás megerősítése"
 
-#: gitk:9015
+#: gitk:9655
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Újraindítja a %s branchot %s-ig?"
 
-#: gitk:9017
+#: gitk:9657
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Újraindítás típusa:"
 
-#: gitk:9020
+#: gitk:9660
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Soft: Hagyd a working tree-t és az indexet érintetlenül"
 
-#: gitk:9023
+#: gitk:9663
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Kevert: Hagyd a working tree-t érintetlenül, töröld az indexet"
 
-#: gitk:9026
+#: gitk:9666
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1031,19 +1126,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hard: Indítsd újra a working tree-t és az indexet\n"
 "(MINDEN lokális változás eldobása)"
 
-#: gitk:9043
+#: gitk:9683
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Újraindítás"
 
-#: gitk:9103
+#: gitk:9743
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Kivesz"
 
-#: gitk:9156
+#: gitk:9796
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Nem lehet a jelenleg kivett branch-ot törölni"
 
-#: gitk:9162
+#: gitk:9802
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1052,16 +1147,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "A %s branchon található commit nem található meg semelyik másik branchon.\n"
 "Tényleg törli a %s branchot?"
 
-#: gitk:9193
+#: gitk:9833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Tagek és headek: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9208
+#: gitk:9850
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Szűrő"
 
-#: gitk:9503
+#: gitk:10146
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1069,205 +1164,241 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hiba történt a commit topológiai információ olvasása közben; branch ésa "
 "megelőző/következő információ nem lesz teljes."
 
-#: gitk:10489
+#: gitk:11123
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tag"
 
-#: gitk:10489
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10539
+#: gitk:11210
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Gitk-betű kiválasztó"
 
-#: gitk:10556
+#: gitk:11227
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10559
+#: gitk:11230
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10677
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Gitk beállítások"
-
-#: gitk:10679
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Commit lista kijelzési opciók"
 
-#: gitk:10682
+#: gitk:11351
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximális grafikon szélesség (sorok)"
 
-#: gitk:10685
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11355
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximális grafikon szélesség (táble %-je)"
 
-#: gitk:10688
+#: gitk:11358
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Mutasd a lokális változtatásokat"
 
-#: gitk:10691
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11361
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "SHA1 Automatikus kiválasztása"
 
-#: gitk:10694
+#: gitk:11365
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "A távoli refek elrejtése"
 
-#: gitk:10698
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Diff kijelző opciók"
 
-#: gitk:10700
+#: gitk:11371
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Tab sorköz"
 
-#: gitk:10703
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11374
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Szomszédos tagek kijelzése"
 
-#: gitk:10706
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11380
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Korlátozott diffek a kilistázott útvonalakhoz"
 
-#: gitk:10709
+#: gitk:11383
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Fájlonkénti kódolás támgatása"
 
-#: gitk:10715 gitk:10804
+#: gitk:11389 gitk:11536
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Külső diff alkalmazás"
 
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11390
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Válaszd ..."
 
-#: gitk:10721
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "�ltalános opciók"
 
-#: gitk:10724
+#: gitk:11398
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Témázott vezérlők használata"
 
-#: gitk:10726
+#: gitk:11400
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(a változás újraindítást igényel)"
 
-#: gitk:10728
+#: gitk:11402
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(jelenleg nem elérhető)"
 
-#: gitk:10732
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Színek: nyomja meg a kiválasztáshoz"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11416
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interfész"
 
-#: gitk:10736
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "interfész"
 
-#: gitk:10739
+#: gitk:11420
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Háttér"
 
-#: gitk:10740 gitk:10770
+#: gitk:11421 gitk:11451
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "háttér"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11424
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Előtér"
 
-#: gitk:10744
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "előtér"
 
-#: gitk:10747
+#: gitk:11428
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: régi sorok"
 
-#: gitk:10748
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff régi sorok"
 
-#: gitk:10752
+#: gitk:11433
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: új sorok"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11434
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff - új sorok"
 
-#: gitk:10757
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: nagy headerök"
 
-#: gitk:10759
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff - nagy headerök"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11444
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Megjelölt sor háttér"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11446
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "megjelölt sor háttér"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11450
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Válasszon hátteret"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11459
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Betű: nyomja meg a kiválasztáshoz"
 
-#: gitk:10775
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Fő betű"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11462
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Diff kijelző betű"
 
-#: gitk:10777
+#: gitk:11463
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Felhasználói interfész betű"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11485
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk beállítások"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Generálás"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11546
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: válasszon színt a %s-ra"
 
-#: gitk:11418
+#: gitk:12059
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Sajnáljuk, de a gitk nem futtatható ezzel a Tcl/Tk verzióval.\n"
+"Gitk futtatásához legalább Tcl/Tk 8.4 szükséges."
+
+#: gitk:12269
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Nem találhatü git repository itt."
 
-#: gitk:11422
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Nem található a \"%s\" könyvtár."
-
-#: gitk:11469
+#: gitk:12316
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Félreérthető argumentum '%s': revízió és fájlnév is"
 
-#: gitk:11481
+#: gitk:12328
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Rossz gitk argumentumok:"
 
-#: gitk:11572
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "Parancs sor"
+#~ msgid "mc"
+#~ msgstr "mc"
+
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "következő"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "előző"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Dátum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Nem található a \"%s\" könyvtár."
 
 #~ msgid "Use all refs"
 #~ msgstr "Használd az összes referenciát"
@@ -1286,10 +1417,3 @@ msgstr "Parancs sor"
 
 #~ msgid "- stopping\n"
 #~ msgstr "- abbahagyás.\n"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
-#~ " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Sajnáljuk, de a gitk nem futtatható ezzel a Tcl/Tk verzióval.\n"
-#~ "Gitk futtatásához legalább Tcl/Tk 8.4 szükséges."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/it.po b/gitk-git/po/it.po
index a730d63a42..b5f002db7d 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/it.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/it.po
@@ -8,33 +8,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-28 18:40+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-28 18:41+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Italian\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Impossibile ottenere l'elenco dei file in attesa di fusione:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8220 gitk:8253
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Errore nella lettura delle revisioni:"
 
-#: gitk:329
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione del comando specificato con --argscmd:"
 
-#: gitk:342
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Nessun file selezionato: è stata specificata l'opzione --merge ma non ci "
 "sono file in attesa di fusione."
 
-#: gitk:345
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,299 +51,323 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nessun file selezionato: è stata specificata l'opzione --merge ma i file "
 "specificati non sono in attesa di fusione."
 
-#: gitk:367 gitk:514
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione di git log:"
 
-#: gitk:385 gitk:530
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Lettura in corso"
 
-#: gitk:445 gitk:4261
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4525
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Lettura delle revisioni in corso..."
 
-#: gitk:448 gitk:1578 gitk:4264
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4528
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Nessuna revisione selezionata"
 
-#: gitk:1454
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4045 gitk:12432
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Linea di comando"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Impossibile elaborare i dati di git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1674
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Nessuna informazione disponibile sulle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:1816
-msgid "mc"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: gitk:1851 gitk:4054 gitk:9044 gitk:10585 gitk:10804
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4315 gitk:9669 gitk:11241 gitk:11521
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4056 gitk:8634 gitk:8713 gitk:8828 gitk:8877 gitk:9046
-#: gitk:10586 gitk:10805
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4317 gitk:9196 gitk:9275 gitk:9391 gitk:9440 gitk:9671
+#: gitk:11242 gitk:11522
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Annulla"
 
-#: gitk:1975
-msgid "Update"
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
 msgstr "Aggiorna"
 
-#: gitk:1976
-msgid "Reload"
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
 msgstr "Ricarica"
 
-#: gitk:1977
-msgid "Reread references"
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
 msgstr "Rileggi riferimenti"
 
-#: gitk:1978
-msgid "List references"
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
 msgstr "Elenca riferimenti"
 
-#: gitk:1980
-msgid "Start git gui"
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
 msgstr "Avvia git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1982
-msgid "Quit"
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
 msgstr "Esci"
 
-#: gitk:1974
-msgid "File"
-msgstr "File"
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
+msgstr "&File"
 
-#: gitk:1986
-msgid "Preferences"
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
 msgstr "Preferenze"
 
-#: gitk:1985
-msgid "Edit"
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
 msgstr "Modifica"
 
-#: gitk:1990
-msgid "New view..."
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
 msgstr "Nuova vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1991
-msgid "Edit view..."
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
 msgstr "Modifica vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1992
-msgid "Delete view"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
 msgstr "Elimina vista"
 
-#: gitk:1994
-msgid "All files"
+#: gitk:2088 gitk:4043
+msgid "&All files"
 msgstr "Tutti i file"
 
-#: gitk:1989 gitk:3808
-msgid "View"
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4067
+msgid "&View"
 msgstr "Vista"
 
-#: gitk:1999 gitk:2009 gitk:2780
-msgid "About gitk"
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3012
+msgid "&About gitk"
 msgstr "Informazioni su gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2000 gitk:2014
-msgid "Key bindings"
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
 msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera"
 
-#: gitk:1998 gitk:2013
-msgid "Help"
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
 msgstr "Aiuto"
 
-#: gitk:2091 gitk:8110
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8652
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2122
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Riga"
 
-#: gitk:2160
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Trova"
 
-#: gitk:2161
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "succ"
-
-#: gitk:2162
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "prec"
-
-#: gitk:2163
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2166 gitk:2168 gitk:4422 gitk:4445 gitk:4469 gitk:6410 gitk:6482
-#: gitk:6566
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4687 gitk:4710 gitk:4734 gitk:6755 gitk:6827
+#: gitk:6912
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "contenente:"
 
-#: gitk:2169 gitk:3290 gitk:3295 gitk:4497
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3526 gitk:3531 gitk:4763
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "che riguarda i percorsi:"
 
-#: gitk:2170 gitk:4502
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4777
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "che aggiunge/rimuove la stringa:"
 
-#: gitk:2179 gitk:2181
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4779
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4766
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Esatto"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4577 gitk:6378
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4854 gitk:6723
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4471 gitk:4575 gitk:6374
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4736 gitk:4852 gitk:6719
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2183 gitk:2184 gitk:4596 gitk:4626 gitk:4633 gitk:6502 gitk:6570
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4874 gitk:4904 gitk:4911 gitk:6848 gitk:6916
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Tutti i campi"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:4594 gitk:4626 gitk:6441
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4871 gitk:4904 gitk:6786
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Titolo"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6570 gitk:7003
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:6916 gitk:7389
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Commenti"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:4598 gitk:4633 gitk:6441 gitk:6938 gitk:8285
-#: gitk:8300
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:4876 gitk:4911 gitk:6786 gitk:7324 gitk:8830
+#: gitk:8845
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Autore"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6940
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:7326
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Revisione creata da"
 
-#: gitk:2216
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Cerca"
 
-#: gitk:2224
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2226
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Vecchia versione"
 
-#: gitk:2228
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Nuova versione"
 
-#: gitk:2230
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Linee di contesto"
 
-#: gitk:2240
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignora modifiche agli spazi"
 
-#: gitk:2299
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7959 gitk:8206
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Modifiche"
 
-#: gitk:2301
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Directory"
 
-#: gitk:2456 gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff questo -> selezionato"
 
-#: gitk:2457 gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff selezionato -> questo"
 
-#: gitk:2458 gitk:2475
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2639
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Crea patch"
 
-#: gitk:2459 gitk:8692
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9254
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Crea etichetta"
 
-#: gitk:2460 gitk:8808
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9371
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Scrivi revisione in un file"
 
-#: gitk:2461 gitk:8865
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9428
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Crea un nuovo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2462
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Porta questa revisione in cima al ramo attuale"
 
-#: gitk:2463
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Aggiorna il ramo HEAD a questa revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2464
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Segna questa revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2465
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Torna alla revisione segnata"
 
-#: gitk:2466
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Trova il discendente di questa revisione e di quella segnata"
 
-#: gitk:2467
+#: gitk:2628
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Confronta con la revisione segnata"
 
-#: gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff questo -> selezionato"
+
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff selezionato -> questo"
+
+#: gitk:2631
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Segna questa revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Attiva questo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2648
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Elimina questo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Evidenzia anche questo"
 
-#: gitk:2490
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Evidenzia solo questo"
 
-#: gitk:2491
+#: gitk:2658
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Visualizza differenze in un altro programma"
 
-#: gitk:2492
+#: gitk:2659
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Annota la revisione precedente"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2667
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Mostra la provenienza di questa riga"
 
-#: gitk:2500
+#: gitk:2668
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Esegui git gui blame su questa riga"
 
-#: gitk:2782
+#: gitk:3014
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -346,298 +379,321 @@ msgstr ""
 "Utilizzo e redistribuzione permessi sotto i termini della GNU General Public "
 "License"
 
-#: gitk:2790 gitk:2854 gitk:9230
+#: gitk:3022 gitk:3089 gitk:9857
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Chiudi"
 
-#: gitk:2811
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera di Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2814
+#: gitk:3046
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera di Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2816
+#: gitk:3048
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tEsci"
 
-#: gitk:2817
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tTrova"
+
+#: gitk:3050
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tVai alla prima revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:3051
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tVai all'ultima revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2819
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3052
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Su>, p, i\tVai più in alto di una revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2820
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3053
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Giù>, n, k\tVai più in basso di una revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2821
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3054
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Sinistra>, z, j\tTorna indietro nella cronologia"
 
-#: gitk:2822
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Destra>, x, l\tVai avanti nella cronologia"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3057
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PaginaSu>\tVai più in alto di una pagina nella lista delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3058
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr ""
 "<PaginaGiù>\tVai più in basso di una pagina nella lista delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tScorri alla cima della lista delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tScorri alla fine della lista delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:2827
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Su>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in alto di una riga"
 
-#: gitk:2828
+#: gitk:3062
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Giù>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in basso di una riga"
 
-#: gitk:2829
+#: gitk:3063
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PaginaSu>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in alto di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PaginaGiù>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in basso di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Su>\tTrova all'indietro (verso l'alto, revisioni successive)"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Giù>\tTrova in avanti (verso il basso, revisioni precedenti)"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Spazio>\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in basso di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di 18 linee"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in basso di 18 linee"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tTrova"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3073
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tTrova in avanti"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Invio>\tTrova in avanti"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3075
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tVai all'ultima revisione"
+
+#: gitk:3076
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tCursore nel box di ricerca"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tTrova all'indietro"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3078
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze al file successivo"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tCerca in avanti nella vista delle differenze"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tCerca all'indietro nella vista delle differenze"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumenta dimensione carattere"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-più>\tAumenta dimensione carattere"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDiminuisci dimensione carattere"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:3084
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-meno>\tDiminuisci dimensione carattere"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:3085
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tAggiorna"
 
-#: gitk:3305 gitk:3314
+#: gitk:3550 gitk:3559
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Errore durante la creazione della directory temporanea %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3327
+#: gitk:3572
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Errore nella lettura di \"%s\" da %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3390
+#: gitk:3635
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "impossibile eseguire il comando:"
 
-#: gitk:3539
+#: gitk:3784
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Revisione inesistente"
 
-#: gitk:3553
+#: gitk:3798
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: impossibile eseguire il comando:"
 
-#: gitk:3584
+#: gitk:3829
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Impossibile leggere merge head: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3837
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nella lettura dell'indice: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3617
+#: gitk:3862
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Impossibile eseguire git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3620 gitk:6409
+#: gitk:3865 gitk:6754
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Ricerca in corso"
 
-#: gitk:3652
+#: gitk:3897
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione di git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3680
+#: gitk:3925
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Quella riga proviene dalla revisione %s, non presente in questa vista"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:3939
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il visualizzatore di differenze:"
 
-#: gitk:3812
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Scelta vista Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:3816
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Ricorda questa vista"
 
-#: gitk:3817
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Riferimenti (lista di elementi separati da spazi)"
 
-#: gitk:3818
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Rami ed etichette"
 
-#: gitk:3819
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Tutti i riferimenti"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Tutti i rami (locali)"
 
-#: gitk:3821
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Tutte le etichette"
 
-#: gitk:3822
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Tutti i rami remoti"
 
-#: gitk:3823
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Informazioni sulla revisione (espressioni regolari):"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Autore:"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Revisione creata da:"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Messaggio di revisione:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Risponde a tutti i criteri di ricerca sulle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4086
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Risponde a tutti i criteri di ricerca sulle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Modifiche ai file:"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4088
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Stringa fissa"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4089
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Espressione regolare"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4090
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Cerca stringa:"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4091
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -645,201 +701,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "Date di revisione (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, "
 "2009 15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4092
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Da:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4093
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "A:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4094
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Limita e/o salta N revisioni (intero positivo):"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4095
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Numero di revisioni da mostrare:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4096
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Numero di revisioni da saltare:"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4097
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Altre opzioni:"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4098
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Ordina solo per data"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4099
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Segna i lati del ramo"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4100
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Limita al primo genitore"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4101
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Cronologia semplificata"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:4102
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Ulteriori argomenti da passare a git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Inserire file e directory da includere, uno per riga:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:4104
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Comando che genera altre revisioni da visualizzare:"
 
-#: gitk:3967
+#: gitk:4228
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: modifica vista"
 
-#: gitk:3975
+#: gitk:4236
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- criteri per la scelta delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:3980
+#: gitk:4241
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Nome vista"
 
-#: gitk:4055
+#: gitk:4316
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Applica (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4093
+#: gitk:4354
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Errore negli argomenti di selezione delle revisioni:"
 
-#: gitk:4146 gitk:4198 gitk:4646 gitk:4660 gitk:5921 gitk:11534 gitk:11535
+#: gitk:4409 gitk:4462 gitk:4924 gitk:4938 gitk:6208 gitk:12373 gitk:12374
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Nessuno"
 
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:8287 gitk:8302
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Data"
-
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: gitk:4743 gitk:4748
+#: gitk:5021 gitk:5026
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Discendente"
 
-#: gitk:4744
+#: gitk:5022
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Non discendente"
 
-#: gitk:4751 gitk:4756
+#: gitk:5029 gitk:5034
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Ascendente"
 
-#: gitk:4752
+#: gitk:5030
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Non ascendente"
 
-#: gitk:5042
+#: gitk:5324
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Modifiche locali presenti nell'indice ma non nell'archivio"
 
-#: gitk:5078
+#: gitk:5360
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Modifiche locali non presenti né nell'archivio né nell'indice"
 
-#: gitk:6759
+#: gitk:7134
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7137
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "molti"
 
-#: gitk:6942
+#: gitk:7328
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Etichette:"
 
-#: gitk:6959 gitk:6965 gitk:8280
+#: gitk:7345 gitk:7351 gitk:8825
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Genitore"
 
-#: gitk:6970
+#: gitk:7356
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Figlio"
 
-#: gitk:6979
+#: gitk:7365
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Ramo"
 
-#: gitk:6982
+#: gitk:7368
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Segue"
 
-#: gitk:6985
+#: gitk:7371
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Precede"
 
-#: gitk:7522
+#: gitk:7966
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nella lettura delle differenze:"
 
-#: gitk:8108
+#: gitk:8650
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Vai a:"
 
-#: gitk:8129
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "La SHA1 id abbreviata %s è ambigua"
 
-#: gitk:8136
+#: gitk:8678
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "La revisione %s è sconosciuta"
 
-#: gitk:8146
+#: gitk:8688
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "La SHA1 id %s è sconosciuta"
 
-#: gitk:8148
+#: gitk:8690
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "La revisione %s non è presente nella vista attuale"
 
-#: gitk:8290
+#: gitk:8832 gitk:8847
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:8835
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Figli"
 
-#: gitk:8348
+#: gitk:8898
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Aggiorna il ramo %s a questa revisione"
 
-#: gitk:8350
+#: gitk:8900
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Nessun ramo attivo: reset impossibile"
 
-#: gitk:8459 gitk:8465
+#: gitk:9005 gitk:9011
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Salto la revisione di fusione "
 
-#: gitk:8474 gitk:8479
+#: gitk:9020 gitk:9025
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Errore nella identificazione della patch per "
 
-#: gitk:8475 gitk:8480
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - fine\n"
 
-#: gitk:8485 gitk:8488 gitk:8496 gitk:8510 gitk:8519
+#: gitk:9031 gitk:9034 gitk:9042 gitk:9056 gitk:9065
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "La revisione "
 
-#: gitk:8489
+#: gitk:9035
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -847,7 +903,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " ha le stesse differenze di\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8497
+#: gitk:9043
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -855,7 +911,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " è diversa da\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8499
+#: gitk:9045
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -863,129 +919,129 @@ msgstr ""
 "Differenze tra le revisioni:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8511 gitk:8520
+#: gitk:9057 gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " ha %s figli - fine\n"
 
-#: gitk:8539
+#: gitk:9085
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nella scrittura della revisione nel file: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8545
+#: gitk:9091
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nelle differenze tra le revisioni: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8575
+#: gitk:9137
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Inizio"
 
-#: gitk:8576
+#: gitk:9138
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Da"
 
-#: gitk:8581
+#: gitk:9143
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "A"
 
-#: gitk:8605
+#: gitk:9167
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Genera patch"
 
-#: gitk:8607
+#: gitk:9169
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Da:"
 
-#: gitk:8616
+#: gitk:9178
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "A:"
 
-#: gitk:8625
+#: gitk:9187
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Inverti"
 
-#: gitk:8627 gitk:8822
+#: gitk:9189 gitk:9385
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Scrivi sul file:"
 
-#: gitk:8633
+#: gitk:9195
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Genera"
 
-#: gitk:8671
+#: gitk:9233
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Errore nella creazione della patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8694 gitk:8810 gitk:8867
+#: gitk:9256 gitk:9373 gitk:9430
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8703
+#: gitk:9265
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Nome etichetta:"
 
-#: gitk:8706
+#: gitk:9268
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Il messaggio dell'etichetta è opzionale"
 
-#: gitk:8708
+#: gitk:9270
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Messaggio dell'etichetta:"
 
-#: gitk:8712 gitk:8876
+#: gitk:9274 gitk:9439
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Crea"
 
-#: gitk:8730
+#: gitk:9292
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Nessuna etichetta specificata"
 
-#: gitk:8734
+#: gitk:9296
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "L'etichetta \"%s\" esiste già"
 
-#: gitk:8744
+#: gitk:9306
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Errore nella creazione dell'etichetta:"
 
-#: gitk:8819
+#: gitk:9382
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Comando:"
 
-#: gitk:8827
+#: gitk:9390
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Scrivi"
 
-#: gitk:8845
+#: gitk:9408
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Errore nella scrittura della revisione:"
 
-#: gitk:8872
+#: gitk:9435
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Nome:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9458
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Specificare un nome per il nuovo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:8900
+#: gitk:9463
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Il ramo '%s' esiste già. Sovrascrivere?"
 
-#: gitk:8966
+#: gitk:9530
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr "La revisione %s è già inclusa nel ramo %s -- applicarla di nuovo?"
 
-#: gitk:8971
+#: gitk:9535
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:8980
+#: gitk:9544
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -996,7 +1052,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Prima di riprovare, bisogna creare una nuova revisione, annullare le "
 "modifiche o usare 'git stash'."
 
-#: gitk:8986
+#: gitk:9550
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1004,32 +1060,62 @@ msgstr ""
 "Impossibile eseguire cherry-pick a causa di un conflitto nella fusione.\n"
 "Vuoi avviare git citool per risolverlo?"
 
-#: gitk:9002
+#: gitk:9566 gitk:9624
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Nessuna modifica archiviata"
 
-#: gitk:9028
+#: gitk:9593
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "La revisione %s è già inclusa nel ramo %s -- applicarla di nuovo?"
+
+#: gitk:9598
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "git reset in corso"
+
+#: gitk:9606
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossibile eseguire cherry-pick perché il file '%s' è stato modificato "
+"nella directory di lavoro.\n"
+"Prima di riprovare, bisogna creare una nuova revisione, annullare le "
+"modifiche o usare 'git stash'."
+
+#: gitk:9610
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossibile eseguire cherry-pick a causa di un conflitto nella fusione.\n"
+"Vuoi avviare git citool per risolverlo?"
+
+#: gitk:9653
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Conferma git reset"
 
-#: gitk:9030
+#: gitk:9655
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Aggiornare il ramo %s a %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9032
+#: gitk:9657
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Tipo di aggiornamento:"
 
-#: gitk:9035
+#: gitk:9660
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Soft: Lascia la direcory di lavoro e l'indice come sono"
 
-#: gitk:9038
+#: gitk:9663
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Mixed: Lascia la directory di lavoro come è, aggiorna l'indice"
 
-#: gitk:9041
+#: gitk:9666
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1037,19 +1123,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hard: Aggiorna la directory di lavoro e l'indice\n"
 "(abbandona TUTTE le modifiche locali)"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9683
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "git reset in corso"
 
-#: gitk:9118
+#: gitk:9743
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Attivazione in corso"
 
-#: gitk:9171
+#: gitk:9796
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Impossibile cancellare il ramo attualmente attivo"
 
-#: gitk:9177
+#: gitk:9802
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1058,16 +1144,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Le revisioni nel ramo %s non sono presenti su altri rami.\n"
 "Cancellare il ramo %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9208
+#: gitk:9833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Etichette e rami: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9223
+#: gitk:9850
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtro"
 
-#: gitk:9518
+#: gitk:10146
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1075,202 +1161,227 @@ msgstr ""
 "Errore nella lettura della topologia delle revisioni: le informazioni sul "
 "ramo e le etichette precedenti e seguenti saranno incomplete."
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:11123
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Etichetta"
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10554
+#: gitk:11210
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Scelta caratteri gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10571
+#: gitk:11227
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:10574
+#: gitk:11230
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:10692
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Preferenze gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10694
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Opzioni visualizzazione dell'elenco revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:10697
+#: gitk:11351
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Larghezza massima del grafico (in linee)"
 
-#: gitk:10700
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11355
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Larghezza massima del grafico (% del pannello)"
 
-#: gitk:10703
+#: gitk:11358
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Mostra modifiche locali"
 
-#: gitk:10706
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11361
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "Seleziona automaticamente SHA1 hash"
 
-#: gitk:10709
+#: gitk:11365
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Nascondi i riferimenti remoti"
 
-#: gitk:10713
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Opzioni di visualizzazione delle differenze"
 
-#: gitk:10715
+#: gitk:11371
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Spaziatura tabulazioni"
 
-#: gitk:10718
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11374
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Mostra etichette vicine"
 
-#: gitk:10721
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11380
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Limita le differenze ai percorsi elencati"
 
-#: gitk:10724
+#: gitk:11383
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Attiva codifica file per file"
 
-#: gitk:10730 gitk:10819
+#: gitk:11389 gitk:11536
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Visualizzatore di differenze"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11390
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Scegli..."
 
-#: gitk:10736
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Opzioni generali"
 
-#: gitk:10739
+#: gitk:11398
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Utilizza interfaccia a tema"
 
-#: gitk:10741
+#: gitk:11400
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(una modifica richiede il riavvio)"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11402
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(momentaneamente non disponibile)"
 
-#: gitk:10747
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Colori: premere per scegliere"
 
-#: gitk:10750
+#: gitk:11416
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interfaccia"
 
-#: gitk:10751
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "interfaccia"
 
-#: gitk:10754
+#: gitk:11420
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Sfondo"
 
-#: gitk:10755 gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11421 gitk:11451
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "sfondo"
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11424
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Primo piano"
 
-#: gitk:10759
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "primo piano"
 
-#: gitk:10762
+#: gitk:11428
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: vecchie linee"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "vecchie linee"
 
-#: gitk:10767
+#: gitk:11433
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: nuove linee"
 
-#: gitk:10768
+#: gitk:11434
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "nuove linee"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: intestazione della sezione"
 
-#: gitk:10774
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "intestazione della sezione"
 
-#: gitk:10778
+#: gitk:11444
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Sfondo riga selezionata"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11446
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "sfondo riga selezionata"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11450
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Sfondo"
 
-#: gitk:10788
+#: gitk:11459
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Carattere: premere per scegliere"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Carattere principale"
 
-#: gitk:10791
+#: gitk:11462
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Carattere per differenze"
 
-#: gitk:10792
+#: gitk:11463
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Carattere per interfaccia utente"
 
-#: gitk:10829
+#: gitk:11485
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferenze gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Genera"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11546
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: scegliere un colore per %s"
 
-#: gitk:11433
+#: gitk:12059
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:12269
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Archivio git non trovato."
 
-#: gitk:11437
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Directory git \"%s\" non trovata."
-
-#: gitk:11484
+#: gitk:12316
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Argomento ambiguo: '%s' è sia revisione che nome di file"
 
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:12328
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Gitk: argomenti errati:"
 
-#: gitk:11587
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "Linea di comando"
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "succ"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "prec"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Directory git \"%s\" non trovata."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/ja.po b/gitk-git/po/ja.po
index 4f4705164c..f143753db0 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/ja.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/ja.po
@@ -1,41 +1,51 @@
 # Japanese translations for gitk package.
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2015 Paul Mackerras
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
 #
+# YOKOTA Hiroshi <yokota@netlab.cs.tsukuba.ac.jp>, 2015.
 # Mizar <mizar.jp@gmail.com>, 2009.
 # Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, 2009.
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-04 00:08+0900\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-11-06 01:45+0900\n"
-"Last-Translator: Mizar <mizar.jp@gmail.com>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-11-12 13:00+0900\n"
+"Last-Translator: YOKOTA Hiroshi <yokota@netlab.cs.tsukuba.ac.jp>\n"
 "Language-Team: Japanese\n"
+"Language: ja\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
 
-#: gitk:113
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "マージ�れ����ファイル�リストを�得����ん:"
 
-#: gitk:269
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "変更を�色"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8221 gitk:8254
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "変更をマークアップ"
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "リビジョン解�エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:324
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "--argscmd コマンド実行エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:337
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "ファイル未�択: --merge �指定�れ�����マージ�れ����ファイル��り"
 "��ん。"
 
-#: gitk:340
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -43,600 +53,654 @@ msgstr ""
 "ファイル未�択: --merge �指定�れ�����ファイル制�内�マージ�れ���"
 "�ファイル��り��ん。"
 
-#: gitk:362 gitk:509
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "git log 実行エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:380 gitk:525
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "読�込�中"
 
-#: gitk:440 gitk:4132
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4526
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "コミット読�込�中..."
 
-#: gitk:443 gitk:1561 gitk:4135
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4529
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "コミット��択�れ����ん"
 
-#: gitk:1437
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4046 gitk:12447
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "コマンド行"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "git log �出力を解�����ん:"
 
-#: gitk:1657
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "有効�コミット�情報��り��ん"
 
-#: gitk:1790
-msgid "mc"
-msgstr "mc"
-
-#: gitk:1817 gitk:3925 gitk:8842 gitk:10378 gitk:10558
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4316 gitk:9684 gitk:11256 gitk:11536
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1819 gitk:3927 gitk:8439 gitk:8513 gitk:8623 gitk:8672 gitk:8844
-#: gitk:10379 gitk:10559
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4318 gitk:9197 gitk:9276 gitk:9406 gitk:9455 gitk:9686
+#: gitk:11257 gitk:11537
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "キャンセル"
 
-#: gitk:1919
-msgid "Update"
-msgstr "æ›´æ–°"
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
+msgstr "æ›´æ–°(&U)"
 
-#: gitk:1920
-msgid "Reload"
-msgstr "リロード"
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
+msgstr "リロード(&R)"
 
-#: gitk:1921
-msgid "Reread references"
-msgstr "リファレンスを�読�込�"
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
+msgstr "リファレンスを�読�込�(&F)"
 
-#: gitk:1922
-msgid "List references"
-msgstr "リファレンスリストを表示"
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
+msgstr "リファレンスリストを表示(&L)"
 
-#: gitk:1924
-msgid "Start git gui"
-msgstr "git gui �開始"
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
+msgstr "git gui �開始(&G)"
 
-#: gitk:1926
-msgid "Quit"
-msgstr "終了"
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
+msgstr "終了(&Q)"
 
-#: gitk:1918
-msgid "File"
-msgstr "ファイル"
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
+msgstr "ファイル(&F)"
 
-#: gitk:1930
-msgid "Preferences"
-msgstr "設定"
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
+msgstr "設定(&P)"
 
-#: gitk:1929
-msgid "Edit"
-msgstr "編集"
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
+msgstr "編集(&E)"
 
-#: gitk:1934
-msgid "New view..."
-msgstr "新�ビュー..."
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
+msgstr "新�ビュー(&N)..."
 
-#: gitk:1935
-msgid "Edit view..."
-msgstr "ビュー編集..."
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
+msgstr "ビュー編集(&E)..."
 
-#: gitk:1936
-msgid "Delete view"
-msgstr "ビュー削除"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
+msgstr "ビュー削除(&D)"
 
-#: gitk:1938
-msgid "All files"
-msgstr "全��ファイル"
+#: gitk:2088
+msgid "&All files"
+msgstr "全��ファイル(&A)"
 
-#: gitk:1933 gitk:3679
-msgid "View"
-msgstr "ビュー"
+#: gitk:2083
+msgid "&View"
+msgstr "ビュー(&V)"
 
-#: gitk:1943 gitk:1953 gitk:2656
-msgid "About gitk"
-msgstr "gitk ����"
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103
+msgid "&About gitk"
+msgstr "gitk ����(&A)"
 
-#: gitk:1944 gitk:1958
-msgid "Key bindings"
-msgstr "キー�インディング"
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
+msgstr "キー�インディング(&K)"
 
-#: gitk:1942 gitk:1957
-msgid "Help"
-msgstr "ヘルプ"
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
+msgstr "ヘルプ(&H)"
 
-#: gitk:2018
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8653
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2049
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "行"
 
-#: gitk:2080
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "検索"
 
-#: gitk:2081
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "次"
-
-#: gitk:2082
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "�"
-
-#: gitk:2083
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "コミット"
 
-#: gitk:2086 gitk:2088 gitk:4293 gitk:4316 gitk:4340 gitk:6281 gitk:6353
-#: gitk:6437
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4688 gitk:4711 gitk:4735 gitk:6756 gitk:6828
+#: gitk:6913
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "�む:"
 
-#: gitk:2089 gitk:3164 gitk:3169 gitk:4368
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3527 gitk:3532 gitk:4764
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "パス�一部:"
 
-#: gitk:2090 gitk:4373
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4778
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
-msgstr "追加/除去�る文字列:"
+msgstr "追加/除去�れる文字列:"
+
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4780
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "変更�れる文字列"
 
-#: gitk:2099 gitk:2101
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4767
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "英字�大�を区別�る"
 
-#: gitk:2101 gitk:4448 gitk:6249
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4855 gitk:6724
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "英字�大�を区別���"
 
-#: gitk:2101 gitk:4342 gitk:4446 gitk:6245
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4737 gitk:4853 gitk:6720
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "正�表�"
 
-#: gitk:2103 gitk:2104 gitk:4467 gitk:4497 gitk:4504 gitk:6373 gitk:6441
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4875 gitk:4905 gitk:4912 gitk:6849 gitk:6917
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "全��項目"
 
-#: gitk:2104 gitk:4465 gitk:4497 gitk:6312
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4872 gitk:4905 gitk:6787
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "ヘッドライン"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:6441 gitk:6875
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4872 gitk:6787 gitk:6917 gitk:7390
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "コメント"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:4469 gitk:4504 gitk:6312 gitk:6810 gitk:8091
-#: gitk:8106
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4872 gitk:4877 gitk:4912 gitk:6787 gitk:7325 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:8846
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "作者"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:6812
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4872 gitk:6787 gitk:7327
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "コミット者"
 
-#: gitk:2134
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "検索"
 
-#: gitk:2141
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2143
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "旧�ージョン"
 
-#: gitk:2145
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "新�ージョン"
 
-#: gitk:2147
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "文脈行数"
 
-#: gitk:2157
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "空白���を無視"
 
-#: gitk:2215
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7960 gitk:8207
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "行毎�diff"
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "パッ�"
 
-#: gitk:2217
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "ツリー"
 
-#: gitk:2361 gitk:2378
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2638
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "�れ��択��コミット�diffを見る"
 
-#: gitk:2362 gitk:2379
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2639
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "�択��コミット��れ�diffを見る"
 
-#: gitk:2363 gitk:2380
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2640
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "パッ�作�"
 
-#: gitk:2364 gitk:8497
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9255
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "タグ生�"
 
-#: gitk:2365 gitk:8603
+#: gitk:2621
+msgid "Copy commit summary"
+msgstr "コミット��約をコピー�る"
+
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9386
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "コミットをファイル�書�出�"
 
-#: gitk:2366 gitk:8660
+#: gitk:2623 gitk:9443
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "新�ブラン�生�"
 
-#: gitk:2367
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "��コミットを�ェリーピック�る"
 
-#: gitk:2368
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "ブラン��HEADを���リセット�る"
 
-#: gitk:2369
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "��コミット�マークを��る"
 
-#: gitk:2370
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "マークを付��所�戻る"
 
-#: gitk:2371
+#: gitk:2628
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "�れ�マークを���所���孫を見��る"
 
-#: gitk:2372
+#: gitk:2629
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "マークを付��コミット�比較�る"
 
-#: gitk:2386
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "�れ��択��コミット�diffを見る"
+
+#: gitk:2631 gitk:2642
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "�択��コミット��れ�diffを見る"
+
+#: gitk:2632
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "��コミットを撤回�る"
+
+#: gitk:2648
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "��ブラン�を�ェックアウト�る"
 
-#: gitk:2387
+#: gitk:2649
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "��ブラン�を除去�る"
 
-#: gitk:2394
+#: gitk:2650
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr "ブラン��をコピー�る"
+
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "�れも�イライト��る"
 
-#: gitk:2395
+#: gitk:2658
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "�れ��を�イライト��る"
 
-#: gitk:2396
+#: gitk:2659
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "外部diffツール"
 
-#: gitk:2397
+#: gitk:2660
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "親コミット�ら blame を��る"
 
-#: gitk:2404
+#: gitk:2661
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr "パス�をコピー�る"
+
+#: gitk:2668
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "��行�出自を表示�る"
 
-#: gitk:2405
+#: gitk:2669
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "��行� git gui � blame を��る"
 
-#: gitk:2658
+#: gitk:3013
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "gitk ����"
+
+#: gitk:3015
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - gitコミットビューア\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "使用�よ���布� GNU General Public License �従������"
 
-#: gitk:2666 gitk:2728 gitk:9025
+#: gitk:3023 gitk:3090 gitk:9872
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "閉�る"
 
-#: gitk:2685
+#: gitk:3044
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Gitk キー�インディング"
 
-#: gitk:2688
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Gitk キー�インディング:"
 
-#: gitk:2690
+#: gitk:3049
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\t終了"
 
-#: gitk:2691
+#: gitk:3050
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tウィンドウを閉�る"
+
+#: gitk:3051
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\t最��コミット�移動"
 
-#: gitk:2692
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\t最後�コミット�移動"
 
-#: gitk:2693
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Up>, p, i\t一�上�コミット�移動"
+#: gitk:3053
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, k\t一�上�コミット�移動"
 
-#: gitk:2694
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Down>, n, k\t一�下�コミット�移動"
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, j\t一�下�コミット�移動"
 
-#: gitk:2695
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Left>, z, j\t履歴���戻る"
+#: gitk:3055
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, h\t履歴���戻る"
 
-#: gitk:2696
+#: gitk:3056
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Right>, x, l\t履歴�次�進む"
 
-#: gitk:2697
+#: gitk:3057
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr "<%s-n(数字)>\t履歴上��在�コミット�親コミット�内�n(数字)番目�コミット�移動"
+
+#: gitk:3058
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tコミットリスト�一�上�ページ�移動"
 
-#: gitk:2698
+#: gitk:3059
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tコミットリスト�一�下�ページ�移動"
 
-#: gitk:2699
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tコミットリスト�一番上�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2700
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tコミットリスト�一番下�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2701
+#: gitk:3062
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tコミットリスト�一�下�行�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2702
+#: gitk:3063
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tコミットリスト�一�下�行�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2703
+#: gitk:3064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tコミットリスト�上�ページ�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2704
+#: gitk:3065
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tコミットリスト�下�ページ�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2705
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Up>\t後方を検索 (上方�・新��コミット)"
 
-#: gitk:2706
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Down>\t�方を検索（下方�・��コミット）"
 
-#: gitk:2707
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tdiff画�を上�ページ�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2708
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tdiff画�を上�ページ�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2709
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Space>\t\tdiff画�を下�ページ�スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2710
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tdiff画�を上�18行スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2711
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tdiff画�を下�18行スクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2712
+#: gitk:3073
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\t検索"
 
-#: gitk:2713
+#: gitk:3074
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\t次を検索��移動"
 
-#: gitk:2714
+#: gitk:3075
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t次を検索��移動"
 
-#: gitk:2715
+#: gitk:3076
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "g\t\t指定��コミット�移動"
+
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\t検索ボックス�フォーカス"
 
-#: gitk:2716
+#: gitk:3078
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\t�を検索��移動"
 
-#: gitk:2717
+#: gitk:3079
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\t次�ファイル�diff画�をスクロール�る"
 
-#: gitk:2718
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tdiff画��次を検索"
 
-#: gitk:2719
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tdiff画���を検索"
 
-#: gitk:2720
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\t文字サイズを拡大"
 
-#: gitk:2721
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\t文字サイズを拡大"
 
-#: gitk:2722
+#: gitk:3084
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\t文字サイズを縮�"
 
-#: gitk:2723
+#: gitk:3085
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\t文字サイズを縮�"
 
-#: gitk:2724
+#: gitk:3086
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tæ›´æ–°"
 
-#: gitk:3179 gitk:3188
+#: gitk:3551 gitk:3560
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "一時ディレクトリ %s 生�時エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:3201
+#: gitk:3573
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "\"%s\" �エラー� %s �発生:"
 
-#: gitk:3264
+#: gitk:3636
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "コマンド失敗:"
 
-#: gitk:3410
+#: gitk:3785
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "��よ��コミット��り��ん"
 
-#: gitk:3424
+#: gitk:3799
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: コマンド失敗:"
 
-#: gitk:3455
+#: gitk:3830
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "マージ�る HEAD を読�込���ん: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3463
+#: gitk:3838
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "インデックス読�込�エラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3488
+#: gitk:3863
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "git blame を始�られ��ん: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3491 gitk:6280
+#: gitk:3866 gitk:6755
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "検索中"
 
-#: gitk:3523
+#: gitk:3898
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "git blame 実行エラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3551
+#: gitk:3926
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "コミット %s �由��る��行����ビュー�表示�れ����ん"
 
-#: gitk:3565
+#: gitk:3940
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "外部diffビューア�失敗:"
 
-#: gitk:3683
+#: gitk:4044
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "全��ファイル"
+
+#: gitk:4068
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "ビュー"
+
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Gitk ビュー定義"
 
-#: gitk:3687
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "��ビューを記憶�る"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "リファレンス（スペース区切り�リスト）:"
 
-#: gitk:3689
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "ブラン�＆タグ:"
 
-#: gitk:3690
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "全��リファレンス"
 
-#: gitk:3691
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "全��（ローカル�）ブラン�"
 
-#: gitk:3692
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "全��タグ"
 
-#: gitk:3693
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "全��リモート追跡ブラン�"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "コミット情報（正�表�）:"
 
-#: gitk:3695
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "作者:"
 
-#: gitk:3696
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "コミット者:"
 
-#: gitk:3697
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "コミットメッセージ:"
 
-#: gitk:3698
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "コミット情報�全���件�一致"
 
-#: gitk:3699
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "コミット情報�全���件��一致"
+
+#: gitk:4088
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "変更��ファイル:"
 
-#: gitk:3700
+#: gitk:4089
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "固定文字列"
 
-#: gitk:3701
+#: gitk:4090
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "正�表�"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:4091
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "検索文字列:"
 
-#: gitk:3703
+#: gitk:4092
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -644,205 +708,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "コミット日時 (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3704
+#: gitk:4093
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "期間�始�:"
 
-#: gitk:3705
+#: gitk:4094
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "期間�終�り:"
 
-#: gitk:3706
+#: gitk:4095
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "制�・�略�るリビジョン�数（正�整数）:"
 
-#: gitk:3707
+#: gitk:4096
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "表示�る数:"
 
-#: gitk:3708
+#: gitk:4097
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "�略�る数:"
 
-#: gitk:3709
+#: gitk:4098
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "��他�オプション:"
 
-#: gitk:3710
+#: gitk:4099
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "厳密�日付順�並�替�"
 
-#: gitk:3711
+#: gitk:4100
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "��マーク"
 
-#: gitk:3712
+#: gitk:4101
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "最��親�制�"
 
-#: gitk:3713
+#: gitk:4102
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "簡易�履歴"
 
-#: gitk:3714
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "git log ��追加�引数:"
 
-#: gitk:3715
+#: gitk:4104
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "��れるファイル・ディレクトリを一行���入力:"
 
-#: gitk:3716
+#: gitk:4105
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "コミット追加コマンド:"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4229
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: ビュー編集"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:4237
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "― リビジョン��択�件"
 
-#: gitk:3851
-msgid "View Name:"
+#: gitk:4242
+msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "ビュー�:"
 
-#: gitk:3926
+#: gitk:4317
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "�用 (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:3964
+#: gitk:4355
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "コミット�択引数�エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:4017 gitk:4069 gitk:4517 gitk:4531 gitk:5792 gitk:11263 gitk:11264
+#: gitk:4410 gitk:4463 gitk:4925 gitk:4939 gitk:6209 gitk:12388 gitk:12389
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "無�"
 
-#: gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:8093 gitk:8108
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "日付"
-
-#: gitk:4465 gitk:6312
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "作�日"
-
-#: gitk:4614 gitk:4619
+#: gitk:5022 gitk:5027
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "�孫"
 
-#: gitk:4615
+#: gitk:5023
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "��孫"
 
-#: gitk:4622 gitk:4627
+#: gitk:5030 gitk:5035
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "祖先"
 
-#: gitk:4623
+#: gitk:5031
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "�祖先"
 
-#: gitk:4913
+#: gitk:5325
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "ステージ�れ��コミット��ローカル�変更"
 
-#: gitk:4949
+#: gitk:5361
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "ステージ�れ�����コミット��ローカル�変更"
 
-#: gitk:6630
+#: gitk:7135
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "他多数"
+
+#: gitk:7138
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "多数"
 
-#: gitk:6814
+#: gitk:7329
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "ã‚¿ã‚°:"
 
-#: gitk:6831 gitk:6837 gitk:8086
+#: gitk:7346 gitk:7352 gitk:8826
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "親"
 
-#: gitk:6842
+#: gitk:7357
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "å­�"
 
-#: gitk:6851
+#: gitk:7366
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "ブラン�"
 
-#: gitk:6854
+#: gitk:7369
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "下�"
 
-#: gitk:6857
+#: gitk:7372
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "上�"
 
-#: gitk:7359
+#: gitk:7967
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "diff�得エラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:7914
+#: gitk:8651
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Goto:"
 
-#: gitk:7916
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
-
-#: gitk:7935
+#: gitk:8672
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "%s を�む SHA1 ID �複数存在���"
 
-#: gitk:7942
+#: gitk:8679
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "リビジョン %s ��明��"
 
-#: gitk:7952
+#: gitk:8689
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA1 id %s ��明��"
 
-#: gitk:7954
+#: gitk:8691
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "リビジョン %s ��在�ビュー���り��ん"
 
-#: gitk:8096
+#: gitk:8833 gitk:8848
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "日付"
+
+#: gitk:8836
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "å­�"
 
-#: gitk:8153
+#: gitk:8899
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "%s ブラン�を���リセット�る"
 
-#: gitk:8155
+#: gitk:8901
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "切り離�れ�HEAD: リセット����ん"
 
-#: gitk:8264 gitk:8270
+#: gitk:9006 gitk:9012
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "コミットマージをスキップ: "
 
-#: gitk:8279 gitk:8284
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "パッ��得エラー: ID "
 
-#: gitk:8280 gitk:8285
+#: gitk:9022 gitk:9027
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - �止\n"
 
-#: gitk:8290 gitk:8293 gitk:8301 gitk:8314 gitk:8323
+#: gitk:9032 gitk:9035 gitk:9043 gitk:9057 gitk:9066
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "コミット "
 
-#: gitk:8294
+#: gitk:9036
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +910,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " �下記�パッ���等\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8302
+#: gitk:9044
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +918,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " 下記�ら�diff\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8304
+#: gitk:9046
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,122 +926,130 @@ msgstr ""
 "コミット�diff:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8315 gitk:8324
+#: gitk:9058 gitk:9067
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " �� %s ����り�� - �止\n"
 
-#: gitk:8344
+#: gitk:9086
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "ファイル��コミット書�出�エラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8350
+#: gitk:9092
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "コミット�diff実行エラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8380
+#: gitk:9138
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Top"
 
-#: gitk:8381
+#: gitk:9139
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "From"
 
-#: gitk:8386
+#: gitk:9144
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "To"
 
-#: gitk:8410
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "パッ�生�"
 
-#: gitk:8412
+#: gitk:9170
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "From:"
 
-#: gitk:8421
+#: gitk:9179
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "To:"
 
-#: gitk:8430
+#: gitk:9188
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "逆"
 
-#: gitk:8432 gitk:8617
+#: gitk:9190 gitk:9400
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "出力ファイル:"
 
-#: gitk:8438
+#: gitk:9196
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "生�"
 
-#: gitk:8476
+#: gitk:9234
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "パッ�生�エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:8499 gitk:8605 gitk:8662
+#: gitk:9257 gitk:9388 gitk:9445
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8508
+#: gitk:9266
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "タグ�:"
 
-#: gitk:8512 gitk:8671
+#: gitk:9269
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "タグメッセージを付�る事も出���"
+
+#: gitk:9271
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "タグメッセージ:"
+
+#: gitk:9275 gitk:9454
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "生�"
 
-#: gitk:8529
+#: gitk:9293
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "タグ��称�指定�れ����ん"
 
-#: gitk:8533
+#: gitk:9297
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "タグ \"%s\" �既�存在���"
 
-#: gitk:8539
+#: gitk:9307
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "タグ生�エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:8614
+#: gitk:9397
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "コマンド:"
 
-#: gitk:8622
+#: gitk:9405
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "書�出�"
 
-#: gitk:8640
+#: gitk:9423
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "コミット書�出�エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:8667
+#: gitk:9450
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "��:"
 
-#: gitk:8690
+#: gitk:9473
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "新��ブラン����を指定������"
 
-#: gitk:8695
+#: gitk:9478
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "ブラン� '%s' �既�存在���。上書�����？"
 
-#: gitk:8761
+#: gitk:9545
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "コミット %s �既�ブラン� %s ���れ���� ― 本当��れを��用����？"
 
-#: gitk:8766
+#: gitk:9550
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "�ェリーピック中"
 
-#: gitk:8775
+#: gitk:9559
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -991,7 +1059,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "����変更� commit, reset, stash ���れ�を行���らやり直�����"
 "�。"
 
-#: gitk:8781
+#: gitk:9565
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -999,32 +1067,56 @@ msgstr ""
 "マージ����よ���ェリーピック�失敗����。\n"
 "��解決���� git citool を実行������？"
 
-#: gitk:8797
+#: gitk:9581 gitk:9639
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "何�変更もコミット�れ����ん"
 
-#: gitk:8823
+#: gitk:9608
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "コミット %s �既�ブラン� %s ���れ���� ― 本当��れを撤回����？"
+
+#: gitk:9613
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "撤回中"
+
+#: gitk:9621
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr "ファイル '%s' �ローカル�変更����撤回�失敗����。 ����変更� commit, reset, stash ���れ�を行���らやり直������。"
+
+#: gitk:9625
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"マージ����よ��撤回�失敗����。\n"
+"��解決���� git citool を実行������？"
+
+#: gitk:9668
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "確�を�り消�"
 
-#: gitk:8825
+#: gitk:9670
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "ブラン� %s を %s �リセット����？"
 
-#: gitk:8829
+#: gitk:9672
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Reset タイプ:"
 
-#: gitk:8833
+#: gitk:9675
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Soft: 作業ツリーもインデックスも������る"
 
-#: gitk:8836
+#: gitk:9678
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Mixed: 作業ツリーを��������インデックスをリセット"
 
-#: gitk:8839
+#: gitk:9681
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1032,19 +1124,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hard: 作業ツリーやインデックスをリセット\n"
 "（「全���ローカル�変更を破棄）"
 
-#: gitk:8856
+#: gitk:9698
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "リセット中"
 
-#: gitk:8913
+#: gitk:9758
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "�ェックアウト"
 
-#: gitk:8966
+#: gitk:9811
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "�在�ェックアウト�れ��るブラン�を削除�る�������ん"
 
-#: gitk:8972
+#: gitk:9817
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1053,16 +1145,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "ブラン� %s ��他�ブラン��存在���コミット��り��。\n"
 "本当�ブラン� %s を削除����？"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9848
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "タグ�HEAD: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9018
+#: gitk:9865
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "フィルター"
 
-#: gitk:9313
+#: gitk:10161
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1070,186 +1162,217 @@ msgstr ""
 "コミット構造情報読�込�エラー; ブラン���上�/下��タグ情報��完全��る"
 "よ���。"
 
-#: gitk:10299
+#: gitk:11138
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "ã‚¿ã‚°"
 
-#: gitk:10299
+#: gitk:11142
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "ID"
 
-#: gitk:10347
+#: gitk:11225
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Gitk フォント�択"
 
-#: gitk:10364
+#: gitk:11242
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:10367
+#: gitk:11245
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:10463
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Gitk 設定"
-
-#: gitk:10465
+#: gitk:11363
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "コミットリスト表示オプション"
 
-#: gitk:10468
+#: gitk:11366
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "最大グラフ幅（線�本数）"
 
-#: gitk:10472
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11370
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "最大グラフ幅（ペイン�対�る％）"
 
-#: gitk:10476
+#: gitk:11373
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "ローカル�変更を表示"
 
-#: gitk:10479
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "SHA1 �自動�択"
+#: gitk:11376
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "SHA1 �自動�択 (�択文字数指定)"
 
-#: gitk:10483
+#: gitk:11380
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "リモートリファレンスを隠�"
+
+#: gitk:11384
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "diff表示オプション"
 
-#: gitk:10485
+#: gitk:11386
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "タブ空白幅"
 
-#: gitk:10488
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
-msgstr "近��タグを表示�る"
+#: gitk:11389
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "近�� タグ/head を表示�る"
 
-#: gitk:10491
-msgid "Hide remote refs"
-msgstr "リモートリファレンスを隠�"
+#: gitk:11392
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "タグ/head �最大表示数"
 
-#: gitk:10494
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "diff をリスト�パス�制�"
 
-#: gitk:10497
+#: gitk:11398
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "ファイル���エンコーディング�サ�ート"
 
-#: gitk:10503 gitk:10572
+#: gitk:11404 gitk:11551
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "外部diffツール"
 
-#: gitk:10505
+#: gitk:11405
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "�択..."
 
-#: gitk:10510
+#: gitk:11410
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "全体設定"
+
+#: gitk:11413
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "テーマウィジェットを使用�る"
+
+#: gitk:11415
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(変更���起動�必���)"
+
+#: gitk:11417
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(�在�使用出���ん)"
+
+#: gitk:11428
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "色: ボタンを押���択"
 
-#: gitk:10513
+#: gitk:11431
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "インターフェイス"
 
-#: gitk:10514
+#: gitk:11432
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "インターフェイス"
 
-#: gitk:10517
+#: gitk:11435
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "背景"
 
-#: gitk:10518 gitk:10548
+#: gitk:11436 gitk:11466
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "背景"
 
-#: gitk:10521
+#: gitk:11439
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "�景"
 
-#: gitk:10522
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "�景"
 
-#: gitk:10525
+#: gitk:11443
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: 旧�ージョン"
 
-#: gitk:10526
+#: gitk:11444
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff 旧�ージョン"
 
-#: gitk:10530
+#: gitk:11448
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: 新�ージョン"
 
-#: gitk:10531
+#: gitk:11449
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff 新�ージョン"
 
-#: gitk:10535
+#: gitk:11453
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: hunkヘッダ"
 
-#: gitk:10537
+#: gitk:11455
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff hunkヘッダ"
 
-#: gitk:10541
+#: gitk:11459
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "マーク行�背景"
 
-#: gitk:10543
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "マーク行�背景"
 
-#: gitk:10547
+#: gitk:11465
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "�択�背景"
 
-#: gitk:10551
+#: gitk:11474
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "フォント: ボタンを押���択"
 
-#: gitk:10553
+#: gitk:11476
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "主フォント"
 
-#: gitk:10554
+#: gitk:11477
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Diff表示用フォント"
 
-#: gitk:10555
+#: gitk:11478
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "UI用フォント"
 
-#: gitk:10582
+#: gitk:11500
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk 設定"
+
+#: gitk:11509
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "一般"
+
+#: gitk:11510
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "色"
+
+#: gitk:11511
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "フォント"
+
+#: gitk:11561
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: 「%s� �色を�択"
 
-#: gitk:11168
+#: gitk:12074
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"申�訳�り��ん�����ージョン� Tcl/Tk �� gitk を実行出���ん。\n"
+"Gitk�実行�� Tcl/Tk 8.4 以上�必���。"
+
+#: gitk:12284
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "����gitリ�ジトリ��り��ん。"
 
-#: gitk:11172
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "gitディレクトリ \"%s\" を見��られ��ん。"
-
-#: gitk:11219
+#: gitk:12331
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "�����引数 '%s': リビジョン�ファイル��両方�解釈����"
 
-#: gitk:11231
+#: gitk:12343
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "gitk���正�引数:"
-
-#: gitk:11316
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "コマンド行"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh b/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh
index c63248e375..c63248e375 100644..100755
--- a/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh
+++ b/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po b/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po
index 1486e3205a..3f78f1b748 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po
@@ -9,33 +9,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-26 15:47-0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-12-06 23:39-0200\n"
 "Last-Translator: Alexandre Erwin Ittner <alexandre@ittner.com.br>\n"
 "Language-Team: Brazilian Portuguese <>\n"
+"Language: pt_BR\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Não foi possível obter a lista dos arquivos não mesclados:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8220 gitk:8253
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Erro ao interpretar revisões:"
 
-#: gitk:330
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Erro ao executar o comando--argscmd:"
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Nenhum arquivo foi selecionado: --merge especificado mas não há arquivos não-"
 "mesclados."
 
-#: gitk:346
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -43,603 +52,647 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nenhum arquivo foi selecionado: --merge especificado mas não há arquivos não-"
 "mesclados dentro dos limites."
 
-#: gitk:368 gitk:516
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Erro ao executar git log:"
 
-#: gitk:386 gitk:532
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Lendo"
 
-#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4525
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Lendo revisões..."
 
-#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4528
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Nenhuma revisão foi selecionada"
 
-#: gitk:1456
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4045 gitk:12432
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Linha de comando"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Não foi possível interpretar a saída do \"git log\":"
 
-#: gitk:1676
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Não há informações disponíveis sobre a revisão"
 
-#: gitk:1818
-msgid "mc"
-msgstr "mc"
-
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4315 gitk:9669 gitk:11241 gitk:11521
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "Ok"
 
-#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
-#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4317 gitk:9196 gitk:9275 gitk:9391 gitk:9440 gitk:9671
+#: gitk:11242 gitk:11522
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Cancelar"
 
-#: gitk:1980
-msgid "Update"
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
 msgstr "Atualizar"
 
-#: gitk:1981
-msgid "Reload"
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
 msgstr "Recarregar"
 
-#: gitk:1982
-msgid "Reread references"
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
 msgstr "Ler as referências novamente"
 
-#: gitk:1983
-msgid "List references"
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
 msgstr "Listar referências"
 
-#: gitk:1985
-msgid "Start git gui"
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
 msgstr "Iniciar Git GUI"
 
-#: gitk:1987
-msgid "Quit"
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
 msgstr "Sair"
 
-#: gitk:1979
-msgid "File"
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
 msgstr "Arquivo"
 
-#: gitk:1991
-msgid "Preferences"
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
 msgstr "Preferências"
 
-#: gitk:1990
-msgid "Edit"
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
 msgstr "Editar"
 
-#: gitk:1995
-msgid "New view..."
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
 msgstr "Nova vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1996
-msgid "Edit view..."
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
 msgstr "Editar vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1997
-msgid "Delete view"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
 msgstr "Apagar vista"
 
-#: gitk:1999
-msgid "All files"
+#: gitk:2088 gitk:4043
+msgid "&All files"
 msgstr "Todos os arquivos"
 
-#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
-msgid "View"
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4067
+msgid "&View"
 msgstr "Exibir"
 
-#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
-msgid "About gitk"
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3012
+msgid "&About gitk"
 msgstr "Sobre o gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
-msgid "Key bindings"
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
 msgstr "Atalhos de teclado"
 
-#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
-msgid "Help"
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
 msgstr "Ajuda"
 
-#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8652
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2127
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Linha"
 
-#: gitk:2165
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Encontrar"
 
-#: gitk:2166
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "Próximo"
-
-#: gitk:2167
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "Anterior"
-
-#: gitk:2168
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "Revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
-#: gitk:6576
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4687 gitk:4710 gitk:4734 gitk:6755 gitk:6827
+#: gitk:6912
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "contendo:"
 
-#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3526 gitk:3531 gitk:4763
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "envolvendo os caminhos:"
 
-#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4777
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "Adicionando/removendo texto:"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4779
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4766
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exatamente"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4854 gitk:6723
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Ignorar maiúsculas/minúsculas"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4736 gitk:4852 gitk:6719
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Expressão regular"
 
-#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4874 gitk:4904 gitk:4911 gitk:6848 gitk:6916
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Todos os campos"
 
-#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4871 gitk:4904 gitk:6786
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Assunto"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:6916 gitk:7389
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Descrição da revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
-#: gitk:8322
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:4876 gitk:4911 gitk:6786 gitk:7324 gitk:8830
+#: gitk:8845
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Autor"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:7326
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Revisor"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Buscar"
 
-#: gitk:2229
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diferenças"
 
-#: gitk:2231
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Versão antiga"
 
-#: gitk:2233
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Versão nova"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Número de linhas de contexto"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorar mudanças de caixa"
 
-#: gitk:2304
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7959 gitk:8206
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Diferenças"
 
-#: gitk:2306
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "�rvore"
 
-#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Comparar esta revisão com a selecionada"
 
-#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Comparar a revisão selecionada com esta"
 
-#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2639
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Criar patch"
 
-#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9254
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Criar etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9371
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Salvar revisão para um arquivo"
 
-#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9428
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Criar novo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2469
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Fazer cherry-pick desta revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Redefinir HEAD para cá"
 
-#: gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Marcar esta revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Voltar à marca"
 
-#: gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Encontrar descendente e marcar"
 
-#: gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2628
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Comparar com a revisão marcada"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Comparar esta revisão com a selecionada"
+
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Comparar a revisão selecionada com esta"
+
+#: gitk:2631
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Marcar esta revisão"
+
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Efetuar checkout deste ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2648
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Excluir este ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Marcar este também"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Marcar apenas este"
 
-#: gitk:2498
+#: gitk:2658
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Diff externo"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2659
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Anotar revisão anterior"
 
-#: gitk:2506
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2667
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Exibir origem desta linha"
 
-#: gitk:2507
+#: gitk:2668
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Executar 'git blame' nesta linha"
 
-#: gitk:2789
-msgid "\n"
+#: gitk:3014
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
-msgstr "\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
 "Gitk - um visualizador de revisões para o git \n"
 "\n"
 "Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Uso e distribuição segundo os termos da Licença Pública Geral GNU"
 
-#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
+#: gitk:3022 gitk:3089 gitk:9857
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Fechar"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Atalhos de teclado"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:3046
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Atalhos de teclado:"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3048
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tSair"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3049
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
 msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tFechar janela"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3050
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tIr para a primeira revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3051
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tIr para a última revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2827
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3052
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tIr para uma revisão acima"
 
-#: gitk:2828
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3053
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tIr para uma revisão abaixo"
 
-#: gitk:2829
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3054
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tVoltar no histórico"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tAvançar no histórico"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3057
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tSubir uma página na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3058
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tDescer uma página na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRolar para o início da lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tRolar para o final da lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tRolar uma linha acima na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3062
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tRolar uma linha abaixo na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3063
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRolar uma página acima na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRolar uma página abaixo na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tProcurar próxima (revisões mas recentes)"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tProcurar anterior (revisões mais antigas)"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRola alterações uma página acima"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tRolar alterações uma página abaixo"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Space>\t\tRolar alterações uma página abaixo"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tRolar alterações 18 linhas acima"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tRolar alterações 18 linhas abaixo"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tProcurar"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3073
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tIr para a próxima ocorrência"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\tIr para a próxima ocorrência"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:3075
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tIr para a última revisão"
+
+#: gitk:3076
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tPor foco na caixa de busca"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tIr para a ocorrência anterior"
 
-#: gitk:2851
+#: gitk:3078
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tRolar alterações para o próximo arquivo"
 
-#: gitk:2852
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tProcurar a próxima ocorrência na lista de alterações"
 
-#: gitk:2853
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tProcurar ocorrência anterior na lista de alterações"
 
-#: gitk:2854
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumentar tamanho da fonte"
 
-#: gitk:2855
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAumentar tamanho da fonte"
 
-#: gitk:2856
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tReduzir tamanho da fonte"
 
-#: gitk:2857
+#: gitk:3084
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tReduzir tamanho da fonte"
 
-#: gitk:2858
+#: gitk:3085
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tAtualizar"
 
-#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
+#: gitk:3550 gitk:3559
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Erro ao criar o diretório temporário %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3335
+#: gitk:3572
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Erro ao ler \"%s\" de %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3398
+#: gitk:3635
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "O comando falhou:"
 
-#: gitk:3547
+#: gitk:3784
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Revisão não encontrada"
 
-#: gitk:3561
+#: gitk:3798
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "Comando 'git gui blame' falhou:"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3829
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Impossível ler merge head: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3600
+#: gitk:3837
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao ler o índice: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3625
+#: gitk:3862
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Não foi possível inciar o 'git blame': %s"
 
-#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
+#: gitk:3865 gitk:6754
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Procurando"
 
-#: gitk:3660
+#: gitk:3897
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao executar 'git blame': %s"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:3925
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Esta linha vem da revisão %s, que não está nesta vista"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:3939
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Erro do visualizador de alterações externo:"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definir vista"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Lembrar esta vista"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referências (separar a lista com um espaço):"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Ramos & etiquetas:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Todas as referências"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Todos os ramos locais"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Todas as etiquetas"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Todos os ramos de rastreio"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Informações da revisão (expressões regulares):"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Autor:"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Revisor:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Descrição da revisão:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Coincidir todos os critérios de informações da revisão"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4086
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Coincidir todos os critérios de informações da revisão"
+
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Mudanças para os arquivos:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4088
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Texto fixo"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4089
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Expressão regular"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4090
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Texto de busca"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4091
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -647,201 +700,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "Datas de revisão (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4092
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Desde:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4093
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Até:"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:4094
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Limitar e/ou ignorar um número de revisões (inteiro positivo):"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:4095
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Número para mostrar:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:4096
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Número para ignorar:"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:4097
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Opções diversas:"
 
-#: gitk:3847
+#: gitk:4098
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Ordenar estritamente pela data"
 
-#: gitk:3848
+#: gitk:4099
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Marcar os dois lados do ramo"
 
-#: gitk:3849
+#: gitk:4100
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Limitar ao primeiro antecessor"
 
-#: gitk:3850
+#: gitk:4101
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Histórico simplificado"
 
-#: gitk:3851
+#: gitk:4102
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Argumentos adicionais para o 'git log':"
 
-#: gitk:3852
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Arquivos e diretórios para incluir, um por linha"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:4104
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Comando para gerar mais revisões para incluir:"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4228
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: editar vista"
 
-#: gitk:3985
+#: gitk:4236
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- critérios para selecionar revisões"
 
-#: gitk:3990
+#: gitk:4241
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Nome da vista"
 
-#: gitk:4065
+#: gitk:4316
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Aplicar (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4103
+#: gitk:4354
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Erro nos argumentos de seleção de revisões:"
 
-#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
+#: gitk:4409 gitk:4462 gitk:4924 gitk:4938 gitk:6208 gitk:12373 gitk:12374
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Nenhum"
 
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Data"
-
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "DataR"
-
-#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
+#: gitk:5021 gitk:5026
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Descendente de"
 
-#: gitk:4754
+#: gitk:5022
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Não descendente de"
 
-#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
+#: gitk:5029 gitk:5034
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Antecessor de"
 
-#: gitk:4762
+#: gitk:5030
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Não antecessor de"
 
-#: gitk:5052
+#: gitk:5324
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Mudanças locais marcadas, porém não salvas"
 
-#: gitk:5088
+#: gitk:5360
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Mudanças locais não marcadas"
 
-#: gitk:6769
+#: gitk:7134
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7137
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "muitas"
 
-#: gitk:6952
+#: gitk:7328
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Etiquetas:"
 
-#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
+#: gitk:7345 gitk:7351 gitk:8825
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Antecessor"
 
-#: gitk:6980
+#: gitk:7356
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Descendente"
 
-#: gitk:6989
+#: gitk:7365
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Ramo"
 
-#: gitk:6992
+#: gitk:7368
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Segue"
 
-#: gitk:6995
+#: gitk:7371
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Precede"
 
-#: gitk:7532
+#: gitk:7966
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao obter diferenças: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8130
+#: gitk:8650
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Ir para:"
 
-#: gitk:8151
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "O id SHA1 %s é ambíguo"
 
-#: gitk:8158
+#: gitk:8678
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Revisão %s desconhecida"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:8688
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "Id SHA1 %s desconhecido"
 
-#: gitk:8170
+#: gitk:8690
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "A revisão %s não está na vista atual"
 
-#: gitk:8312
+#: gitk:8832 gitk:8847
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:8835
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Descendentes"
 
-#: gitk:8370
+#: gitk:8898
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Redefinir ramo %s para este ponto"
 
-#: gitk:8372
+#: gitk:8900
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Detached head: impossível redefinir"
 
-#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
+#: gitk:9005 gitk:9011
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Saltando revisão de mesclagem"
 
-#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
+#: gitk:9020 gitk:9025
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Erro ao obter patch ID para"
 
-#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr "- parando\n"
 
-#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
+#: gitk:9031 gitk:9034 gitk:9042 gitk:9056 gitk:9065
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Revisão"
 
-#: gitk:8511
+#: gitk:9035
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -849,13 +902,13 @@ msgstr ""
 "é o mesmo patch que\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8519
+#: gitk:9043
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
 msgstr "difere de"
 
-#: gitk:8521
+#: gitk:9045
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -863,129 +916,129 @@ msgstr ""
 "Diferença de revisões:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
+#: gitk:9057 gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr "possui %s descendentes - parando\n"
 
-#: gitk:8561
+#: gitk:9085
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao salvar revisão para o arquivo: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8567
+#: gitk:9091
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao comparar revisões: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8598
+#: gitk:9137
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Início"
 
-#: gitk:8599
+#: gitk:9138
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "De"
 
-#: gitk:8604
+#: gitk:9143
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Para"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:9167
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Gerar patch"
 
-#: gitk:8630
+#: gitk:9169
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "De:"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:9178
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Para:"
 
-#: gitk:8648
+#: gitk:9187
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Inverter"
 
-#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
+#: gitk:9189 gitk:9385
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Arquivo de saída:"
 
-#: gitk:8656
+#: gitk:9195
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Gerar"
 
-#: gitk:8694
+#: gitk:9233
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Erro ao criar patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
+#: gitk:9256 gitk:9373 gitk:9430
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8726
+#: gitk:9265
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Nome da etiqueta:"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9268
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "A descrição da etiqueta é opcional"
 
-#: gitk:8731
+#: gitk:9270
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Descrição da etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
+#: gitk:9274 gitk:9439
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Criar"
 
-#: gitk:8753
+#: gitk:9292
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Nome da etiqueta não indicado"
 
-#: gitk:8757
+#: gitk:9296
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Etiqueta \"%s\" já existe"
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9306
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Erro ao criar etiqueta:"
 
-#: gitk:8842
+#: gitk:9382
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Comando:"
 
-#: gitk:8850
+#: gitk:9390
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Exportar"
 
-#: gitk:8868
+#: gitk:9408
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Erro ao exportar revisão"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9435
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Nome:"
 
-#: gitk:8918
+#: gitk:9458
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Indique um nome para o novo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:8923
+#: gitk:9463
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "O ramo \"%s\" já existe. Sobrescrever?"
 
-#: gitk:8989
+#: gitk:9530
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr "Revisão %s já inclusa no ramo %s -- você realmente deseja reaplicá-la?"
 
-#: gitk:8994
+#: gitk:9535
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Cherry-picking"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9544
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -995,7 +1048,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Salve a uma revisão, redefina ou armazene (stash) suas mudanças e tente "
 "novamente."
 
-#: gitk:9009
+#: gitk:9550
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1003,32 +1056,61 @@ msgstr ""
 "O cherry-pick falhou porque houve um conflito na mesclagem.\n"
 "Executar o 'git citool' para resolvê-lo?"
 
-#: gitk:9025
+#: gitk:9566 gitk:9624
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Nenhuma revisão foi salva"
 
-#: gitk:9051
+#: gitk:9593
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Revisão %s já inclusa no ramo %s -- você realmente deseja reaplicá-la?"
+
+#: gitk:9598
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Redefinindo"
+
+#: gitk:9606
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"O cherry-pick falhou porque o arquivo \"%s\" possui mudanças locais.\n"
+"Salve a uma revisão, redefina ou armazene (stash) suas mudanças e tente "
+"novamente."
+
+#: gitk:9610
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"O cherry-pick falhou porque houve um conflito na mesclagem.\n"
+"Executar o 'git citool' para resolvê-lo?"
+
+#: gitk:9653
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Confirmar redefinição"
 
-#: gitk:9053
+#: gitk:9655
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Você realmente deseja redefinir o ramo %s para %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9055
+#: gitk:9657
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Tipo de redefinição"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9660
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Soft: deixa a árvore de trabalho e o índice intocados"
 
-#: gitk:9061
+#: gitk:9663
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Misto: Deixa a árvore de trabalho intocada, redefine o índice"
 
-#: gitk:9064
+#: gitk:9666
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1036,19 +1118,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hard: Redefine a árvore de trabalho e o índice\n"
 "(descarta TODAS as mudanças locais)"
 
-#: gitk:9081
+#: gitk:9683
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Redefinindo"
 
-#: gitk:9141
+#: gitk:9743
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Abrindo"
 
-#: gitk:9194
+#: gitk:9796
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Impossível excluir o ramo atualmente aberto"
 
-#: gitk:9200
+#: gitk:9802
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1057,16 +1139,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "As revisões do ramo \"%s\" não existem em nenhum outro ramo.\n"
 "Você realmente deseja excluir ramo \"%s\"?"
 
-#: gitk:9231
+#: gitk:9833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Referências: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9246
+#: gitk:9850
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtro"
 
-#: gitk:9541
+#: gitk:10146
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1074,204 +1156,235 @@ msgstr ""
 "Erro ao ler a topologia das revisões; as informações dos ramos e etiquetas "
 "antecessoras/sucessoras estarão incompletas"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:11123
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10576
+#: gitk:11210
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Selecionar fontes do Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10593
+#: gitk:11227
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:10596
+#: gitk:11230
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:10714
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Preferências do Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Opções da lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:10719
+#: gitk:11351
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Largura máxima do grafo (linhas)"
 
-#: gitk:10722
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11355
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Largura máxima do grafo (% do painel)"
 
-#: gitk:10725
+#: gitk:11358
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Exibir mudanças locais"
 
-#: gitk:10728
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11361
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "Selecionar o SHA1 automaticamente"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11365
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Ocultar referências remotas"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Opções de exibição das alterações"
 
-#: gitk:10737
+#: gitk:11371
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Espaços por tabulação"
 
-#: gitk:10740
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11374
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Exibir etiquetas próximas"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11380
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Limitar diferenças aos caminhos listados"
 
-#: gitk:10746
+#: gitk:11383
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Usar codificações distintas por arquivo"
 
-#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
+#: gitk:11389 gitk:11536
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Ferramenta 'diff' externa"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11390
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Selecionar..."
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Opções gerais"
 
-#: gitk:10761
+#: gitk:11398
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Usar temas para as janelas"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11400
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(exige reinicialização)"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11402
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(atualmente indisponível)"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Cores: clique para escolher"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11416
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interface"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "interface"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11420
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Segundo plano"
 
-#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
+#: gitk:11421 gitk:11451
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "segundo plano"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11424
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Primeiro plano"
 
-#: gitk:10781
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "primeiro plano"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11428
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: linhas excluídas"
 
-#: gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "linhas excluídas"
 
-#: gitk:10789
+#: gitk:11433
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: linhas adicionadas"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11434
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "linhas adicionadas"
 
-#: gitk:10794
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: cabeçalho do bloco"
 
-#: gitk:10796
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "cabeçalho do bloco"
 
-#: gitk:10800
+#: gitk:11444
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "2º plano da linha marcada"
 
-#: gitk:10802
+#: gitk:11446
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "segundo plano da linha marcada"
 
-#: gitk:10806
+#: gitk:11450
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "2º plano da seleção"
 
-#: gitk:10810
+#: gitk:11459
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Fontes: clique para escolher"
 
-#: gitk:10812
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Fonte principal"
 
-#: gitk:10813
+#: gitk:11462
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Fonte da lista de mudanças"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11463
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Fonte da interface"
 
-#: gitk:10842
+#: gitk:11485
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferências do Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Gerar"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11546
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: selecionar cor para %s"
 
-#: gitk:11445
+#: gitk:12059
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:12269
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Não há nenhum repositório git aqui."
 
-#: gitk:11449
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Impossível encontrar o diretório git \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:12316
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr ""
 "O argumento \"%s\" é ambíguo (especifica tanto uma revisão e um nome de "
 "arquivo)"
 
-#: gitk:11508
+#: gitk:12328
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Argumentos incorretos para o gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11604
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "Linha de comando"
+#~ msgid "mc"
+#~ msgstr "mc"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "Próximo"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "Anterior"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "DataR"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Impossível encontrar o diretório git \"%s\"."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/ru.po b/gitk-git/po/ru.po
index 59873033af..17ed026aa7 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/ru.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/ru.po
@@ -1,1085 +1,1329 @@
-#
 # Translation of gitk to Russian.
 #
+# Translators:
+# 0xAX <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>, 2014
+# Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com>, 2015
+# Dimitriy Ryazantcev <DJm00n@mail.ru>, 2015
+# Dmitry Potapov <dpotapov@gmail.com>, 2009
+# Skip <bsvskip@rambler.ru>, 2011
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: Git Russian Localization Project\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-04-24 16:00+0200\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-04-24 16:00+0200\n"
-"Last-Translator: Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Russian\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-10-12 10:14+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Dimitriy Ryazantcev <DJm00n@mail.ru>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian (http://www.transifex.com/djm00n/git-po-ru/language/ru/)\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n"
 
-#: gitk:113
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
-msgstr ""
-"�евозможно получить �пи�ок файлов незавершённой операции �ли�ни�:"
+msgstr "�евозможно получить �пи�ок файлов незавершённой операции �ли�ни�:"
+
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Цветные �лова"
 
-#: gitk:268
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8220 gitk:8253
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Помеченые �лова"
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
-msgstr "Ошибка в идентификаторе вер�ии:"
+msgstr "Ошибка при разборе редакции:"
 
-#: gitk:323
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Ошибка выполнени� команды заданной --argscmd:"
 
-#: gitk:336
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
-msgstr ""
-"Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но не было найдено ни одного файла "
-"где �та операци� должна быть завершена."
+msgstr "Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но не было найдено ни одного файла где �та операци� должна быть завершена."
 
-#: gitk:339
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
-msgstr ""
-"Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но в рамках указанного "
-"ограничени� на имена файлов нет ни одного "
-"где �та операци� должна быть завершена."
+msgstr "Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но в рамках указанного ограничени� на имена файлов нет ни одного где �та операци� должна быть завершена."
 
-#: gitk:361 gitk:508
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Ошибка запу�ка git log:"
 
-#: gitk:379
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Чтение"
 
-#: gitk:439 gitk:4021
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4525
 msgid "Reading commits..."
-msgstr "Чтение вер�ий..."
+msgstr "Чтение коммитов..."
 
-#: gitk:442 gitk:1560 gitk:4024
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4528
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "�ичего не выбрано"
 
-#: gitk:1436
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4045 gitk:12432
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Командна� �трока"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Ошибка обработки вывода команды git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1656
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
-msgstr "�ет информации о �о�то�нии"
+msgstr "�ет информации о коммите"
 
-#: gitk:1791 gitk:1815 gitk:3814 gitk:8478 gitk:10014 gitk:10186
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4315 gitk:9669 gitk:11241 gitk:11521
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "Ok"
 
-#: gitk:1817 gitk:3816 gitk:8078 gitk:8152 gitk:8259 gitk:8308 gitk:8480
-#: gitk:10015 gitk:10187
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4317 gitk:9196 gitk:9275 gitk:9391 gitk:9440 gitk:9671
+#: gitk:11242 gitk:11522
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Отмена"
 
-#: gitk:1915
-msgid "Update"
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
 msgstr "Обновить"
 
-#: gitk:1916
-msgid "Reload"
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
 msgstr "Перечитать"
 
-#: gitk:1917
-msgid "Reread references"
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
 msgstr "Обновить �пи�ок ��ылок"
 
-#: gitk:1918
-msgid "List references"
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
 msgstr "Спи�ок ��ылок"
 
-#: gitk:1920
-msgid "Start git gui"
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
 msgstr "Запу�тить git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1922
-msgid "Quit"
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
 msgstr "Завершить"
 
-#: gitk:1914
-msgid "File"
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
 msgstr "Файл"
 
-#: gitk:1925
-msgid "Preferences"
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
 msgstr "�а�тройки"
 
-#: gitk:1924
-msgid "Edit"
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
 msgstr "Редактировать"
 
-#: gitk:1928
-msgid "New view..."
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
 msgstr "�овое пред�тавление..."
 
-#: gitk:1929
-msgid "Edit view..."
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
 msgstr "Редактировать пред�тавление..."
 
-#: gitk:1930
-msgid "Delete view"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
 msgstr "Удалить пред�тавление"
 
-#: gitk:1932
-msgid "All files"
+#: gitk:2088 gitk:4043
+msgid "&All files"
 msgstr "В�е файлы"
 
-#: gitk:1927 gitk:3626
-msgid "View"
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4067
+msgid "&View"
 msgstr "Пред�тавление"
 
-#: gitk:1935 gitk:2609
-msgid "About gitk"
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3012
+msgid "&About gitk"
 msgstr "О gitk"
 
-#: gitk:1936
-msgid "Key bindings"
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
 msgstr "�азначени� клавиатуры"
 
-#: gitk:1934
-msgid "Help"
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
 msgstr "Под�казка"
 
-#: gitk:1994
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "SHA1:"
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8652
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2025
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Строка"
 
-#: gitk:2056
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Пои�к"
 
-#: gitk:2057
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "След."
-
-#: gitk:2058
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "Пред."
-
-#: gitk:2059
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
-msgstr "�о�то�ние"
+msgstr "коммит"
 
-#: gitk:2062 gitk:2064 gitk:4179 gitk:4202 gitk:4226 gitk:6164 gitk:6236
-#: gitk:6320
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4687 gitk:4710 gitk:4734 gitk:6755 gitk:6827
+#: gitk:6912
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "�одержащее:"
 
-#: gitk:2065 gitk:3117 gitk:3122 gitk:4254
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3526 gitk:3531 gitk:4763
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "ка�ательно файлов:"
 
-#: gitk:2066 gitk:4259
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4777
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "добавив/удалив �троку:"
 
-#: gitk:2075 gitk:2077
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4779
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "измен�� �овпадающие �троки:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4766
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Точно"
 
-#: gitk:2077 gitk:4334 gitk:6132
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4854 gitk:6723
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Игнорировать большие/маленькие"
 
-#: gitk:2077 gitk:4228 gitk:4332 gitk:6128
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4736 gitk:4852 gitk:6719
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Регул�рные выражени�"
 
-#: gitk:2079 gitk:2080 gitk:4353 gitk:4383 gitk:4390 gitk:6256 gitk:6324
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4874 gitk:4904 gitk:4911 gitk:6848 gitk:6916
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Во в�ех пол�х"
 
-#: gitk:2080 gitk:4351 gitk:4383 gitk:6195
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4871 gitk:4904 gitk:6786
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Заголовок"
 
-#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:6324 gitk:6737
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:6916 gitk:7389
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Комментарии"
 
-#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:4355 gitk:4390 gitk:6195 gitk:6672 gitk:7923
-#: gitk:7938
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:4876 gitk:4911 gitk:6786 gitk:7324 gitk:8830
+#: gitk:8845
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "�втор"
 
-#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:6674
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:7326
 msgid "Committer"
-msgstr "Сохранивший �о�то�ние"
+msgstr "Коммитер"
 
-#: gitk:2110
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "�айти"
 
-#: gitk:2117
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Сравнить"
 
-#: gitk:2119
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Стара� вер�и�"
 
-#: gitk:2121
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "�ова� вер�и�"
 
-#: gitk:2123
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Строк контек�та"
 
-#: gitk:2133
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Игнорировать пробелы"
 
-#: gitk:2191
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7959 gitk:8206
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Изменени� �трок"
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Патч"
 
-#: gitk:2193
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Файлы"
 
-#: gitk:2326 gitk:2339
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
-msgstr "Сравнить �то �о�то�ние � выделенным"
+msgstr "Сравнить �тот коммит � выделенным"
 
-#: gitk:2327 gitk:2340
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
-msgstr "Сравнить выделенное � �тим �о�то�нием"
+msgstr "Сравнить выделенный � �тим коммитом"
 
-#: gitk:2328 gitk:2341
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2639
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Создать патч"
 
-#: gitk:2329 gitk:8136
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9254
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Создать метку"
 
-#: gitk:2330 gitk:8239
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9371
 msgid "Write commit to file"
-msgstr "Сохранить изменени� в файл"
+msgstr "Сохранить коммит в файл"
 
-#: gitk:2331 gitk:8296
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9428
 msgid "Create new branch"
-msgstr "Создать ветвь"
+msgstr "Создать ветку"
 
-#: gitk:2332
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
-msgstr "Скопировать �то �о�то�ние"
+msgstr "Отбор лучшего дл� �того коммита"
 
-#: gitk:2333
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
-msgstr "У�тановить HEAD на �то �о�то�ние"
+msgstr "У�тановить HEAD на �тот коммит"
+
+#: gitk:2625
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Пометить �тот коммит"
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Вернуть�� на пометку"
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "�айти и пометить потомка �того коммита"
+
+#: gitk:2628
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Сравнить � помеченным коммитом"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Сравнить выделенное � помеченным коммитом"
 
-#: gitk:2347
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Сравнить помеченный � �тим коммитом"
+
+#: gitk:2631
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Возврат �того коммита"
+
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Check out this branch"
-msgstr "Перейти на �ту ветвь"
+msgstr "Перейти на �ту ветку"
 
-#: gitk:2348
+#: gitk:2648
 msgid "Remove this branch"
-msgstr "Удалить �ту ветвь"
+msgstr "Удалить �ту ветку"
+
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr "Копировать им� ветки"
 
-#: gitk:2355
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Под�ветить �тот тоже"
 
-#: gitk:2356
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Под�ветить только �тот"
 
-#: gitk:2357
+#: gitk:2658
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Программа �равнени�"
 
-#: gitk:2358
+#: gitk:2659
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
-msgstr "�ннотировать родитель�кое �о�то�ние"
+msgstr "�вторы изменений родитель�кого коммита"
 
-#: gitk:2365
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr "Копировать путь"
+
+#: gitk:2667
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Показать и�точник �той �троки"
 
-#: gitk:2366
+#: gitk:2668
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Запу�тить git gui blame дл� �той �троки"
 
-#: gitk:2611
+#: gitk:3014
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright  2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
-msgstr ""
-"\n"
-"Gitk - программа про�мотра и�тории репозиториев Git\n"
-"\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
-"\n"
-"И�пользование и ра�про�транение �огла�но у�лови�м GNU General Public License"
+msgstr "\nGitk - программа про�мотра и�тории репозиториев git\n\n©  2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n\nИ�пользование и ра�про�транение �огла�но у�лови�м GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2619 gitk:2681 gitk:8661
+#: gitk:3022 gitk:3089 gitk:9857
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Закрыть"
 
-#: gitk:2638
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "�азначени� клавиатуры в Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2641
+#: gitk:3046
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "�азначени� клавиатуры в Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2643
+#: gitk:3048
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tЗавершить"
 
-#: gitk:2644
+#: gitk:3049
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tЗакрыть окно"
+
+#: gitk:3050
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
-msgstr "<Home>\t\tПерейти к первому �о�то�нию"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tПерейти к первому коммиту"
 
-#: gitk:2645
+#: gitk:3051
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
-msgstr "<End>\t\tПерейти к по�леднему �о�то�нию"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tПерейти к по�леднему коммиту"
 
-#: gitk:2646
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tПерейти к �ледующему �о�то�нию"
+#: gitk:3052
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, k\tПерейти на один коммит вверх"
 
-#: gitk:2647
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tПерейти к предыдущему �о�то�нию"
+#: gitk:3053
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, j\tПерейти на один коммит вниз"
 
-#: gitk:2648
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tПоказать ранее по�ещённое �о�то�ние"
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, h\tПоказать ранее по�ещённое �о�то�ние"
 
-#: gitk:2649
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
-msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tПоказать �ледующее по�ещённое �о�то�ние"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tПоказать �ледующий по�ещённый коммит"
 
-#: gitk:2650
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr "<%s-n>\tПерейти на n родител� от текущего коммита"
+
+#: gitk:3057
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
-msgstr "<PageUp>\tПерейти на �траницу выше в �пи�ке �о�то�ний"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tПерейти на �траницу выше в �пи�ке коммитов"
 
-#: gitk:2651
+#: gitk:3058
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
-msgstr "<PageDown>\tПерейти на �траницу ниже в �пи�ке �о�то�ний"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tПерейти на �траницу ниже в �пи�ке коммитов"
 
-#: gitk:2652
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
-msgstr "<%s-Home>\tПоказать начало �пи�ка �о�то�ний"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tПерейти на начало �пи�ка коммитов"
 
-#: gitk:2653
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
-msgstr "<%s-End>\tПоказать конец �пи�ка �о�то�ний"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tПерейти на конец �пи�ка коммитов"
 
-#: gitk:2654
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
-msgstr "<%s-Up>\tПровернуть �пи�ок �о�то�ний вверх"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tПровернуть �пи�ок коммитов вверх"
 
-#: gitk:2655
+#: gitk:3062
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
-msgstr "<%s-Down>\tПровернуть �пи�ок �о�то�ний вниз"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tПровернуть �пи�ок коммитов вниз"
 
-#: gitk:2656
+#: gitk:3063
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
-msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tПровернуть �пи�ок �о�то�ний на �траницу вверх"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tПровернуть �пи�ок коммитов на �траницу вверх"
 
-#: gitk:2657
+#: gitk:3064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
-msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tПровернуть �пи�ок �о�то�ний на �траницу вниз"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tПровернуть �пи�ок коммитов на �траницу вниз"
 
-#: gitk:2658
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
-msgstr ""
-"<Shift-Up>\tПои�к в обратном пор�дке (вверх, �реди новых �о�то�ний)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tПои�к в обратном пор�дке (вверх, �реди новых коммитов)"
 
-#: gitk:2659
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
-msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tПои�к (вниз, �реди �тарых �о�то�ний)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tПои�к (вниз, �реди �тарых коммитов)"
 
-#: gitk:2660
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tПрокрутить �пи�ок изменений на �траницу выше"
 
-#: gitk:2661
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tПрокрутить �пи�ок изменений на �траницу выше"
 
-#: gitk:2662
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Leertaste>\t\tПрокрутить �пи�ок изменений на �траницу ниже"
 
-#: gitk:2663
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tПрокрутить �пи�ок изменений на 18 �трок вверх"
 
-#: gitk:2664
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tПрокрутить �пи�ок изменений на 18 �трок вниз"
 
-#: gitk:2665
+#: gitk:3072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tПои�к"
 
-#: gitk:2666
+#: gitk:3073
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
-msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tПерейти к �ледующему найденному �о�то�нию"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tПерейти к �ледующему найденному коммиту"
 
-#: gitk:2667
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
-msgstr "<Return>\tПерейти к �ледующему найденному �о�то�нию"
+msgstr "<Return>\tПерейти к �ледующему найденному коммиту"
 
-#: gitk:2668
+#: gitk:3075
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "g\t\tПерейти на коммит"
+
+#: gitk:3076
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tПерейти к полю пои�ка"
 
-#: gitk:2669
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
-msgstr "?\t\tПерейти к предыдущему найденному �о�то�нию"
+msgstr "?\t\tПерейти к предыдущему найденному коммиту"
 
-#: gitk:2670
+#: gitk:3078
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tПрокрутить �пи�ок изменений к �ледующему файлу"
 
-#: gitk:2671
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tПродолжить пои�к в �пи�ке изменений"
 
-#: gitk:2672
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tПерейти к предыдущему найденному тек�ту в �пи�ке изменений"
 
-#: gitk:2673
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tУвеличить размер шрифта"
 
-#: gitk:2674
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tУвеличить размер шрифта"
 
-#: gitk:2675
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tУменьшить размер шрифта"
 
-#: gitk:2676
+#: gitk:3084
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tУменьшить размер шрифта"
 
-#: gitk:2677
+#: gitk:3085
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tОбновить"
 
-#: gitk:3132
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
-msgstr "Ошибка получени� \"%s\" из %s:"
-
-#: gitk:3189 gitk:3198
+#: gitk:3550 gitk:3559
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Ошибка �оздани� временного каталога %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3211
+#: gitk:3572
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Ошибка получени� «%s» из %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3635
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "ошибка выполнени� команды:"
 
-#: gitk:3357
+#: gitk:3784
 msgid "No such commit"
-msgstr "Со�то�ние не найдено"
+msgstr "Коммит не найден"
 
-#: gitk:3371
+#: gitk:3798
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: ошибка выполнени� команды:"
 
-#: gitk:3402
+#: gitk:3829
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка чтени� MERGE_HEAD: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3410
+#: gitk:3837
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка чтени� индек�а: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3435
+#: gitk:3862
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка запу�ка git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3438 gitk:6163
+#: gitk:3865 gitk:6754
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Пои�к"
 
-#: gitk:3470
+#: gitk:3897
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка выполнени� git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3498
+#: gitk:3925
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
-msgstr ""
-"Эта �трока принадлежит �о�то�нию %s, которое не показано в �том "
-"пред�тавлении"
+msgstr "Эта �трока принадлежит коммиту %s, который не показан в �том пред�тавлении"
 
-#: gitk:3512
+#: gitk:3939
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Ошибка выполнени� программы �равнени�:"
 
-#: gitk:3630
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Gitk определение пред�тавлений"
 
-#: gitk:3634
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Запомнить пред�тавление"
 
-#: gitk:3635
-msgid "Commits to include (arguments to git log):"
-msgstr "Включить �о�то�ни� (аргументы дл� git-log):"
+#: gitk:4075
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "С�ылки (разделённые пробелом):"
 
-#: gitk:3636
-msgid "Use all refs"
-msgstr "И�пользовать в�е ветви"
+#: gitk:4076
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Ветки и метки"
 
-#: gitk:3637
-msgid "Strictly sort by date"
-msgstr "Строга� �ортировка по дате"
+#: gitk:4077
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "В�е ��ылки"
 
-#: gitk:3638
-msgid "Mark branch sides"
-msgstr "Отметить �тороны ветвей"
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "В�е (локальные) ветки"
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "В�е метки"
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "В�е внешние от�леживаемые ветки"
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Информаци� о коммите (регул�рные выражени�):"
+
+#: gitk:4082
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "�втор:"
+
+#: gitk:4083
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Коммитер:"
+
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Сообщение коммита:"
 
-#: gitk:3639
-msgid "Since date:"
+#: gitk:4085
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Совпадает �о в�еми у�лови�ми информации о коммите"
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "�е �овпадает � у�лови�ми информации о коммите"
+
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Изменени� файлов:"
+
+#: gitk:4088
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Обычна� �трока"
+
+#: gitk:4089
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Регул�рное выражение:"
+
+#: gitk:4090
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Строка дл� пои�ка:"
+
+#: gitk:4091
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr "Даты коммита («2 недели назад», «2009-03-17 15:27:38», «17 марта 2009 15:27:38»):"
+
+#: gitk:4092
+msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "С даты:"
 
-#: gitk:3640
-msgid "Until date:"
+#: gitk:4093
+msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "По дату:"
 
-#: gitk:3641
-msgid "Max count:"
-msgstr "Мак�. количе�тво:"
+#: gitk:4094
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Ограничить и/или пропу�тить количе�тво редакций (положительное чи�ло):"
+
+#: gitk:4095
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Показать количе�тво:"
+
+#: gitk:4096
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Пропу�тить количе�тво:"
 
-#: gitk:3642
-msgid "Skip:"
-msgstr "Пропу�тить:"
+#: gitk:4097
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Различные опции:"
 
-#: gitk:3643
+#: gitk:4098
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Строга� �ортировка по дате"
+
+#: gitk:4099
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Отметить �тороны веток"
+
+#: gitk:4100
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Ограничить первым предком"
 
-#: gitk:3644
-msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
-msgstr "Дополнительна� команда дл� �пи�ка �о�то�ний:"
+#: gitk:4101
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Упрощенна� и�тори�"
 
-#: gitk:3753
-msgid "Name"
-msgstr "Им�"
+#: gitk:4102
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Дополнительные аргументы дл� git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3801
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Файлы и каталоги дл� ограничени� и�тории, по одному на �троку:"
 
-#: gitk:3815
+#: gitk:4104
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Дополнительна� команда дл� �пи�ка коммитов:"
+
+#: gitk:4228
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: изменить пред�тавление"
+
+#: gitk:4236
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "— критерий пои�ка редакций"
+
+#: gitk:4241
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Им� пред�тавлени�"
+
+#: gitk:4316
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Применить (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:4354
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
-msgstr "Ошибка в параметрах выбора �о�то�ний:"
+msgstr "Ошибка в параметрах выбора коммитов:"
 
-#: gitk:3906 gitk:3958 gitk:4403 gitk:4417 gitk:5675 gitk:10867 gitk:10868
+#: gitk:4409 gitk:4462 gitk:4924 gitk:4938 gitk:6208 gitk:12373 gitk:12374
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "�и одного"
 
-#: gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:7925 gitk:7940
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Дата"
-
-#: gitk:4351 gitk:6195
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Дата ввода"
-
-#: gitk:4500 gitk:4505
+#: gitk:5021 gitk:5026
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Порождённое"
 
-#: gitk:4501
+#: gitk:5022
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "�е порождённое"
 
-#: gitk:4508 gitk:4513
+#: gitk:5029 gitk:5034
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Предок"
 
-#: gitk:4509
+#: gitk:5030
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "�е предок"
 
-#: gitk:4799
+#: gitk:5324
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
-msgstr "Изменени� зареги�трированные в индек�е, но не �охранённые"
+msgstr "Проиндек�ированные изменени�"
 
-#: gitk:4835
+#: gitk:5360
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
-msgstr "Изменени� в рабочем каталоге, не зареги�трированные в индек�е"
+msgstr "�епроиндек�ированные изменени�"
+
+#: gitk:7134
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "и многое другое"
 
-#: gitk:6676
+#: gitk:7137
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "много"
+
+#: gitk:7328
 msgid "Tags:"
-msgstr "Таги:"
+msgstr "Метки:"
 
-#: gitk:6693 gitk:6699 gitk:7918
+#: gitk:7345 gitk:7351 gitk:8825
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Предок"
 
-#: gitk:6704
+#: gitk:7356
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Потомок"
 
-#: gitk:6713
+#: gitk:7365
 msgid "Branch"
-msgstr "Ветвь"
+msgstr "Ветка"
 
-#: gitk:6716
+#: gitk:7368
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Следует за"
 
-#: gitk:6719
+#: gitk:7371
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Предше�твует"
 
-#: gitk:7212
+#: gitk:7966
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка получени� изменений: %s"
 
-#: gitk:7751
+#: gitk:8650
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Перейти к:"
 
-#: gitk:7753
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
-
-#: gitk:7772
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Сокращённый SHA1 идентификатор %s неоднозначен"
 
-#: gitk:7784
+#: gitk:8678
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "Редакци� %s не найдена"
+
+#: gitk:8688
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA1 идентификатор %s не найден"
 
-#: gitk:7786
+#: gitk:8690
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
-msgstr "Метка или ветвь %s не найдена"
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "Редакци� %s не найдена в текущем пред�тавлении"
+
+#: gitk:8832 gitk:8847
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Дата"
 
-#: gitk:7928
+#: gitk:8835
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Потомки"
 
-#: gitk:7985
+#: gitk:8898
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
-msgstr "У�тановить ветвь %s на �то �о�то�ние"
+msgstr "Сбро�ить ветку %s на �тот коммит"
 
-#: gitk:7987
+#: gitk:8900
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
-msgstr "Со�то�ние не принадлежит ни одной ветви, переход невозможен"
+msgstr "Коммит не принадлежит ни одной ветке, �бро�ить невозможно"
+
+#: gitk:9005 gitk:9011
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Пропу�каю коммит-�ли�ние"
+
+#: gitk:9020 gitk:9025
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "�е удало�ь получить идентификатор патча дл� "
+
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " — о�танов\n"
+
+#: gitk:9031 gitk:9034 gitk:9042 gitk:9056 gitk:9065
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Коммит"
+
+#: gitk:9035
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr " такой же патч, как и\n       "
+
+#: gitk:9043
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr " отличает�� от\n       "
+
+#: gitk:9045
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "Различи� коммитов:\n\n"
+
+#: gitk:9057 gitk:9066
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " �вл�ет�� %s потомком — о�танов\n"
+
+#: gitk:9085
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Произошла ошибка при запи�и коммита в файл: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9091
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Произошла ошибка при выводе различий коммитов: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8019
+#: gitk:9137
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Верх"
 
-#: gitk:8020
+#: gitk:9138
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "От"
 
-#: gitk:8025
+#: gitk:9143
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "До"
 
-#: gitk:8049
+#: gitk:9167
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Создать патч"
 
-#: gitk:8051
+#: gitk:9169
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "От:"
 
-#: gitk:8060
+#: gitk:9178
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "До:"
 
-#: gitk:8069
+#: gitk:9187
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "В обратном пор�дке"
 
-#: gitk:8071 gitk:8253
+#: gitk:9189 gitk:9385
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Файл дл� �охранени�:"
 
-#: gitk:8077
+#: gitk:9195
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Создать"
 
-#: gitk:8115
+#: gitk:9233
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Ошибка �оздани� патча:"
 
-#: gitk:8138 gitk:8241 gitk:8298
+#: gitk:9256 gitk:9373 gitk:9430
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8147
+#: gitk:9265
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Им� метки:"
 
-#: gitk:8151 gitk:8307
+#: gitk:9268
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Опи�ание метки указывать не об�зательно"
+
+#: gitk:9270
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Опи�ание метки:"
+
+#: gitk:9274 gitk:9439
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Создать"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:9292
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "�е задано им� метки"
 
-#: gitk:8172
+#: gitk:9296
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
-msgstr "Метка \"%s\" уже �уще�твует"
+msgstr "Метка «%s» уже �уще�твует"
 
-#: gitk:8178
+#: gitk:9306
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Ошибка �оздани� метки:"
 
-#: gitk:8250
+#: gitk:9382
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Команда:"
 
-#: gitk:8258
+#: gitk:9390
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Запи�ь"
 
-#: gitk:8276
+#: gitk:9408
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
-msgstr "Ошибка �охранени� �о�то�ни�:"
+msgstr "Произошла ошибка при запи�и коммита:"
 
-#: gitk:8303
+#: gitk:9435
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Им�:"
 
-#: gitk:8326
+#: gitk:9458
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
-msgstr "Укажите им� дл� новой ветви"
+msgstr "Укажите им� дл� новой ветки"
 
-#: gitk:8331
+#: gitk:9463
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
-msgstr "Ветвь '%s' уже �уще�твует. Перепи�ать?"
+msgstr "Ветка «%s» уже �уще�твует. Перепи�ать?"
 
-#: gitk:8397
+#: gitk:9530
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
-msgstr ""
-"Со�то�ние %s уже принадлежит ветви %s. Продолжить операцию?"
+msgstr "Коммит %s уже включён в ветку %s. Продолжить операцию?"
 
-#: gitk:8402
+#: gitk:9535
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Копирование изменений"
 
-#: gitk:8411
+#: gitk:9544
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
 "Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
-msgstr ""
-"Копирование невозможно из-за изменений в файле '%s'.\n"
-"Сохраните или отмените изменени� и повторите операцию."
+msgstr "Отбор лучшего невозможен из-за изменений в файле «%s».\nЗакомитьте, �бро�ьте или �пр�чьте изменени� и повторите операцию."
 
-#: gitk:8417
+#: gitk:9550
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
-msgstr ""
-"Копирование изменений невозможно из-за незавершённой операции "
-"�ли�ни�.\nЗапу�тить git citool дл� завершени� �той операции?"
+msgstr "Копирование изменений невозможно из-за незавершённой операции �ли�ни�.\nЗапу�тить git citool дл� завершени� �той операции?"
 
-#: gitk:8433
+#: gitk:9566 gitk:9624
 msgid "No changes committed"
-msgstr "Изменени� не �охранены"
+msgstr "Изменени� не закоммичены"
+
+#: gitk:9593
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Коммит %s не включён в ветку %s. Продолжить операцию?"
+
+#: gitk:9598
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Возврат изменений"
+
+#: gitk:9606
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr "Возврат изменений коммита не удал�� из-за локальных изменений в указанных файлах: %s\nЗакомитьте, �бро�ьте или �пр�чьте изменени� и повторите операцию."
 
-#: gitk:8459
+#: gitk:9610
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr "Возврат изменений невозможен из-за незавершённой операции �ли�ни�.\nЗапу�тить git citool дл� завершени� �той операции?"
+
+#: gitk:9653
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Подтвердите операцию перехода"
 
-#: gitk:8461
+#: gitk:9655
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
-msgstr "У�тановить ветвь %s на �о�то�ние %s?"
+msgstr "Сбро�ить ветку %s на коммит %s?"
 
-#: gitk:8465
+#: gitk:9657
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Тип операции перехода:"
 
-#: gitk:8469
+#: gitk:9660
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Лёгкий: о�тавить рабочий каталог и индек� неизменными"
 
-#: gitk:8472
+#: gitk:9663
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
-msgstr ""
-"Смешанный: о�тавить рабочий каталог неизменным, у�тановить индек�"
+msgstr "Смешанный: о�тавить рабочий каталог неизменным, у�тановить индек�"
 
-#: gitk:8475
+#: gitk:9666
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
-msgstr ""
-"Же�ткий: перепи�ать индек� и рабочий каталог\n"
-"(в�е изменени� в рабочем каталоги будут потер�ны)"
+msgstr "Же�ткий: перепи�ать индек� и рабочий каталог\n(в�е изменени� в рабочем каталоге будут потер�ны)"
 
-#: gitk:8492
+#: gitk:9683
 msgid "Resetting"
-msgstr "У�тановка"
+msgstr "Сбро�"
 
-#: gitk:8549
+#: gitk:9743
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Переход"
 
-#: gitk:8602
+#: gitk:9796
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
-msgstr "�ктивна� ветвь не может быть удалена"
+msgstr "�ктивна� ветка не может быть удалена"
 
-#: gitk:8608
+#: gitk:9802
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
 "Really delete branch %s?"
-msgstr ""
-"Со�то�ни� ветви %s больше не принадлежат никакой другой ветви.\n"
-"Дей�твительно удалить ветвь %s?"
+msgstr "Коммиты из ветки %s не принадлежат больше никакой другой ветке.\nДей�твительно удалить ветку %s?"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:9833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
-msgstr "Метки и ветви: %s"
+msgstr "Метки и ветки: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8654
+#: gitk:9850
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Фильтровать"
 
-#: gitk:8949
+#: gitk:10146
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
-msgstr ""
-"Ошибка чтени� и�тории проекта; информаци� о ветв�х и �о�то�ни�х "
-"вокруг меток (до/по�ле) может быть неполной."
+msgstr "Ошибка чтени� и�тории проекта; информаци� о ветках и коммитах вокруг меток (до/по�ле) может быть неполной."
 
-#: gitk:9935
+#: gitk:11123
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Метка"
 
-#: gitk:9935
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:9983
+#: gitk:11210
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Шрифт Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10000
+#: gitk:11227
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "Ж"
 
-#: gitk:10003
+#: gitk:11230
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "К"
 
-#: gitk:10098
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "�а�тройки Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10100
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Commit list display options"
-msgstr "Параметры показа �пи�ка �о�то�ний"
+msgstr "Параметры показа �пи�ка коммитов"
 
-#: gitk:10103
+#: gitk:11351
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Мак�. ширина графа (�трок)"
 
-#: gitk:10107
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11355
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Мак�. ширина графа (% ширины панели)"
 
-#: gitk:10111
+#: gitk:11358
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Показывать изменени� в рабочем каталоге"
 
-#: gitk:10114
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "Выделить SHA1"
+#: gitk:11361
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "�втоматиче�ки выделить SHA1 (длинна)"
 
-#: gitk:10118
+#: gitk:11365
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Скрыть внешние ��ылки"
+
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Параметры показа изменений"
 
-#: gitk:10120
+#: gitk:11371
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Ширина табул�ции"
 
-#: gitk:10123
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
-msgstr "Показывать близкие метки"
+#: gitk:11374
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Показывать близкие метки/ветки"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Показывать мак�имальное количе�тво меток/веток"
 
-#: gitk:10126
+#: gitk:11380
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Ограничить показ изменений выбранными файлами"
 
-#: gitk:10129
+#: gitk:11383
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Поддержка кодировок в отдельных файлах"
 
-#: gitk:10135
+#: gitk:11389 gitk:11536
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Программа дл� показа изменений"
 
-#: gitk:10137
+#: gitk:11390
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Выберите..."
 
-#: gitk:10142
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Общие опции"
+
+#: gitk:11398
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "И�пользовать �тили виджетов"
+
+#: gitk:11400
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(изменение потребует перезапу�к)"
+
+#: gitk:11402
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(недо�тупно в данный момент)"
+
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Цвета: нажмите дл� выбора"
 
-#: gitk:10145
+#: gitk:11416
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Интерфей�"
+
+#: gitk:11417
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "интерфей�"
+
+#: gitk:11420
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Фон"
 
-#: gitk:10146 gitk:10176
+#: gitk:11421 gitk:11451
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "фон"
 
-#: gitk:10149
+#: gitk:11424
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Передний план"
 
-#: gitk:10150
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "передний план"
 
-#: gitk:10153
+#: gitk:11428
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Изменени�: �тарый тек�т"
 
-#: gitk:10154
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "�тарый тек�т изменени�"
 
-#: gitk:10158
+#: gitk:11433
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Изменени�: новый тек�т"
 
-#: gitk:10159
+#: gitk:11434
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "новый тек�т изменени�"
 
-#: gitk:10163
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Изменени�: заголовок блока"
 
-#: gitk:10165
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "заголовок блока изменений"
 
-#: gitk:10169
+#: gitk:11444
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Фон выбранной �троки"
 
-#: gitk:10171
+#: gitk:11446
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "фон выбранной �троки"
 
-#: gitk:10175
+#: gitk:11450
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Выберите фон"
 
-#: gitk:10179
+#: gitk:11459
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Шрифт: нажмите дл� выбора"
 
-#: gitk:10181
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "О�новной шрифт"
 
-#: gitk:10182
+#: gitk:11462
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Шрифт показа изменений"
 
-#: gitk:10183
+#: gitk:11463
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Шрифт интерфей�а"
 
-#: gitk:10210
+#: gitk:11485
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "�а�тройки Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Общие"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Цвета"
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Шрифты"
+
+#: gitk:11546
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: выберите цвет дл� %s"
 
-#: gitk:10656
+#: gitk:12059
 msgid ""
 "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
 " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
-msgstr ""
-"К �ожалению gitk не может работать � �той вер�ий Tcl/Tk.\n"
-"Требует�� как минимум Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr "К �ожалению gitk не может работать � �той вер�ий Tcl/Tk.\nТребует�� как минимум Tcl/Tk 8.4."
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:12269
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Git-репозитарий не найден в текущем каталоге."
 
-#: gitk:10777
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Git-репозитарий \"%s\" не найден."
-
-#: gitk:10824
+#: gitk:12316
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
-msgstr "�еоднозначный аргумент '%s': �уще�твует как вер�и� и им� файла"
+msgstr "�еоднозначный аргумент «%s»: �уще�твует как редакци� и как им� файла"
 
-#: gitk:10836
+#: gitk:12328
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "�еправильные аргументы дл� gitk:"
-
-#: gitk:10896
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "Командна� �трока"
-
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/sv.po b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
index 2f07a2e2d9..d9d4e87a44 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/sv.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
@@ -1,40 +1,52 @@
 # Swedish translation for gitk
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2015 Paul Mackerras
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
 #
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008-2010.
 # Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>, 2008.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015.
+#
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: sv\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-12 21:14+0100\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-12 21:16+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-12-09 09:40+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-12-11 09:46+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.6\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hämta lista över ej sammanslagna filer:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Färga ord"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8221 gitk:8254
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Märk upp ord"
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Fel vid tolkning av revisioner:"
 
-#: gitk:330
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av --argscmd-kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer som inte har "
 "slagits samman."
 
-#: gitk:346
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,605 +54,654 @@ msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer inom "
 "filbegränsningen."
 
-#: gitk:368 gitk:516
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git log:"
 
-#: gitk:386 gitk:532
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Läser"
 
-#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4526
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Läser incheckningar..."
 
-#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4529
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar markerade"
 
-#: gitk:1456
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4046 gitk:12447
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Kommandorad"
+
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka utdata från git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1676
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Ingen incheckningsinformation är tillgänglig"
 
-#: gitk:1818
-msgid "mc"
-msgstr "mc"
-
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4316 gitk:9684 gitk:11256 gitk:11536
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
-#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4318 gitk:9197 gitk:9276 gitk:9406 gitk:9455 gitk:9686
+#: gitk:11257 gitk:11537
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Avbryt"
 
-#: gitk:1980
-msgid "Update"
-msgstr "Uppdatera"
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
+msgstr "&Uppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:1981
-msgid "Reload"
-msgstr "Ladda om"
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
+msgstr "Läs &om"
 
-#: gitk:1982
-msgid "Reread references"
-msgstr "Läs om referenser"
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
+msgstr "Läs om &referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1983
-msgid "List references"
-msgstr "Visa referenser"
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
+msgstr "&Visa referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1985
-msgid "Start git gui"
-msgstr "Starta git gui"
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
+msgstr "Starta git &gui"
 
-#: gitk:1987
-msgid "Quit"
-msgstr "Avsluta"
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
+msgstr "&Avsluta"
 
-#: gitk:1979
-msgid "File"
-msgstr "Arkiv"
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
+msgstr "&Arkiv"
 
-#: gitk:1991
-msgid "Preferences"
-msgstr "Inställningar"
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
+msgstr "&Inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:1990
-msgid "Edit"
-msgstr "Redigera"
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
+msgstr "&Redigera"
 
-#: gitk:1995
-msgid "New view..."
-msgstr "Ny vy..."
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
+msgstr "&Ny vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1996
-msgid "Edit view..."
-msgstr "Ändra vy..."
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
+msgstr "&Ändra vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1997
-msgid "Delete view"
-msgstr "Ta bort vy"
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
+msgstr "&Ta bort vy"
 
-#: gitk:1999
-msgid "All files"
-msgstr "Alla filer"
+#: gitk:2088
+msgid "&All files"
+msgstr "&Alla filer"
 
-#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
-msgid "View"
-msgstr "Visa"
+#: gitk:2083
+msgid "&View"
+msgstr "&Visa"
 
-#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
-msgid "About gitk"
-msgstr "Om gitk"
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103
+msgid "&About gitk"
+msgstr "&Om gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
-msgid "Key bindings"
-msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar"
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
+msgstr "&Tangentbordsbindningar"
 
-#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
-msgid "Help"
-msgstr "Hjälp"
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
+msgstr "&Hjälp"
 
-#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8653
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1-id:"
 
-#: gitk:2127
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Rad"
 
-#: gitk:2165
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2166
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "nästa"
-
-#: gitk:2167
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "föreg"
-
-#: gitk:2168
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
-#: gitk:6576
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4688 gitk:4711 gitk:4735 gitk:6756 gitk:6828
+#: gitk:6913
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "som innehåller:"
 
-#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3527 gitk:3532 gitk:4764
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "som rör sökväg:"
 
-#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4778
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "som lägger/till tar bort sträng:"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4780
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "ändrar rader som matchar:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4767
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exakt"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4855 gitk:6724
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "IgnVersaler"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4737 gitk:4853 gitk:6720
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Reg.uttr."
 
-#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4875 gitk:4905 gitk:4912 gitk:6849 gitk:6917
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Alla fält"
 
-#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4872 gitk:4905 gitk:6787
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Rubrik"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4872 gitk:6787 gitk:6917 gitk:7390
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Kommentarer"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
-#: gitk:8322
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4872 gitk:4877 gitk:4912 gitk:6787 gitk:7325 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:8846
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Författare"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4872 gitk:6787 gitk:7327
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Incheckare"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2229
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2231
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Gammal version"
 
-#: gitk:2233
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Ny version"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Rader sammanhang"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
 
-#: gitk:2304
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7960 gitk:8207
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Rad-diff"
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2306
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Träd"
 
-#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2638
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad"
 
-#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2639
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff markerad -> denna"
 
-#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2640
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Skapa patch"
 
-#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9255
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Skapa tagg"
 
-#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:2621
+msgid "Copy commit summary"
+msgstr "Kopiera incheckningssammanfattning"
+
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9386
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Skriv incheckning till fil"
 
-#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
+#: gitk:2623 gitk:9443
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
 
-#: gitk:2469
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Plocka denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ HEAD-grenen hit"
 
-#: gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Markera denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Återgå till markering"
 
-#: gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2628
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Hitta efterföljare till denna och markera"
 
-#: gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2629
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Jämför med markerad incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2631 gitk:2642
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff markerad incheckning -> denna"
+
+#: gitk:2632
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Ã…ngra denna incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2648
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Checka ut denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2649
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Ta bort denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2650
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr "Kopiera namn på gren"
+
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Markera även detta"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2658
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Markera bara detta"
 
-#: gitk:2498
+#: gitk:2659
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Extern diff"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2660
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2506
+#: gitk:2661
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr "Kopiera sökväg"
+
+#: gitk:2668
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Visa ursprunget för den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2507
+#: gitk:2669
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Kör git gui blame på den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2789
+#: gitk:3013
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Om gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3015
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - en incheckningsvisare för git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Använd och vidareförmedla enligt villkoren i GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
+#: gitk:3023 gitk:3090 gitk:9872
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Stäng"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:3044
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3049
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tAvsluta"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3050
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
 msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tStäng fönster"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3051
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tGå till första incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tGÃ¥ till sista incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2827
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Upp>, p, i\tGÃ¥ en incheckning upp"
+#: gitk:3053
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Upp>, p, k\tGÃ¥ en incheckning upp"
 
-#: gitk:2828
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Ned>, n, k\tGÃ¥ en incheckning ned"
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Ned>, n, j\tGÃ¥ en incheckning ned"
 
-#: gitk:2829
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Vänster>, z, j\tGå bakåt i historiken"
+#: gitk:3055
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Vänster>, z, h\tGå bakåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3056
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Höger>, x, l\tGå framåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3057
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr "<%s-n>\tGå till aktuell inchecknings n:te förälder i historielistan"
+
+#: gitk:3058
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tGÃ¥ upp en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3059
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tGÃ¥ ned en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRulla till början av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tRulla till slutet av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3062
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Upp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3063
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Ned>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3065
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Upp>\tSök bakåt (uppåt, senare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Ned>\tSök framåt (nedåt, tidigare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3069
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Baksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3070
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Blanksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tRulla diffvisningen upp 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tRulla diffvisningen ned 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3073
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSök"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3074
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:3075
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:3076
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "g\t\tGÃ¥ till incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:3077
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tFokusera sökrutan"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:3078
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tGå till föregående sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2851
+#: gitk:3079
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tRulla diffvisningen till nästa fil"
 
-#: gitk:2852
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2853
+#: gitk:3081
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tGå till föregående sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2854
+#: gitk:3082
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num+>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2855
+#: gitk:3083
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2856
+#: gitk:3084
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num->\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2857
+#: gitk:3085
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2858
+#: gitk:3086
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tUppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
+#: gitk:3551 gitk:3560
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av temporär katalog %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3335
+#: gitk:3573
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av  \"%s\" från %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3398
+#: gitk:3636
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3547
+#: gitk:3785
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Incheckning saknas"
 
-#: gitk:3561
+#: gitk:3799
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3830
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa sammanslagningshuvud: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3600
+#: gitk:3838
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid läsning av index: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3625
+#: gitk:3863
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte starta git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
+#: gitk:3866 gitk:6755
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Söker"
 
-#: gitk:3660
+#: gitk:3898
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:3926
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Raden kommer från incheckningen %s, som inte finns i denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:3940
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4044
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Alla filer"
+
+#: gitk:4068
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Visa"
+
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definition av Gitk-vy"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Spara denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referenser (blankstegsavdelad lista):"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Grenar & taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Alla referenser"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Alla (lokala) grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Alla taggar"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Alla fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Incheckningsinfo (reguljära uttryck):"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Författare:"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Incheckare:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Motsvarar alla kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Motsvarar inga kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
+
+#: gitk:4088
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Ändringar av filer:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4089
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Fast sträng"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4090
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Reguljärt uttryck"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4091
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Söksträng:"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4092
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -648,201 +709,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "Incheckingsdatum (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4093
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4094
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:4095
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Begränsa och/eller hoppa över ett antal revisioner (positivt heltal):"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:4096
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Antal att visa:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:4097
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Antal att hoppa över:"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:4098
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Diverse alternativ:"
 
-#: gitk:3847
+#: gitk:4099
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Strikt datumsortering"
 
-#: gitk:3848
+#: gitk:4100
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Markera sidogrenar"
 
-#: gitk:3849
+#: gitk:4101
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Begränsa till första förälder"
 
-#: gitk:3850
+#: gitk:4102
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Enkel historik"
 
-#: gitk:3851
+#: gitk:4103
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Ytterligare argument till git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3852
+#: gitk:4104
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Ange filer och kataloger att ta med, en per rad:"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:4105
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Kommando för att generera fler incheckningar att ta med:"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4229
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: redigera vy"
 
-#: gitk:3985
+#: gitk:4237
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr " - kriterier för val av revisioner"
 
-#: gitk:3990
+#: gitk:4242
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Namn på vy"
 
-#: gitk:4065
+#: gitk:4317
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Använd (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4103
+#: gitk:4355
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Fel i argument för val av incheckningar:"
 
-#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
+#: gitk:4410 gitk:4463 gitk:4925 gitk:4939 gitk:6209 gitk:12388 gitk:12389
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Inget"
 
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Datum"
-
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Skapat datum"
-
-#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
+#: gitk:5022 gitk:5027
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4754
+#: gitk:5023
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Inte avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
+#: gitk:5030 gitk:5035
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Förfader"
 
-#: gitk:4762
+#: gitk:5031
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Inte förfader"
 
-#: gitk:5052
+#: gitk:5325
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar sparade i indexet men inte incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:5088
+#: gitk:5361
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar, ej sparade i indexet"
 
-#: gitk:6769
+#: gitk:7135
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "med många flera"
+
+#: gitk:7138
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "många"
 
-#: gitk:6952
+#: gitk:7329
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
+#: gitk:7346 gitk:7352 gitk:8826
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Förälder"
 
-#: gitk:6980
+#: gitk:7357
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:6989
+#: gitk:7366
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Gren"
 
-#: gitk:6992
+#: gitk:7369
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Följer"
 
-#: gitk:6995
+#: gitk:7372
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Föregår"
 
-#: gitk:7532
+#: gitk:7967
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av diff: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8130
+#: gitk:8651
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "GÃ¥ till:"
 
-#: gitk:8151
+#: gitk:8672
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Förkortat SHA1-id %s är tvetydigt"
 
-#: gitk:8158
+#: gitk:8679
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s är inte känd"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:8689
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA-id:t %s är inte känt"
 
-#: gitk:8170
+#: gitk:8691
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s finns inte i den nuvarande vyn"
 
-#: gitk:8312
+#: gitk:8833 gitk:8848
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:8836
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:8370
+#: gitk:8899
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ grenen %s hit"
 
-#: gitk:8372
+#: gitk:8901
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Frånkopplad head: kan inte återställa"
 
-#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
+#: gitk:9006 gitk:9012
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Hoppar över sammanslagningsincheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av patch-id för "
 
-#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
+#: gitk:9022 gitk:9027
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
+#: gitk:9032 gitk:9035 gitk:9043 gitk:9057 gitk:9066
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Incheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8511
+#: gitk:9036
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +911,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " är samma patch som\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8519
+#: gitk:9044
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +919,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " skiljer sig från\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8521
+#: gitk:9046
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,131 +927,131 @@ msgstr ""
 "Skillnad mellan incheckningar:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
+#: gitk:9058 gitk:9067
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " har %s barn - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8561
+#: gitk:9086
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning till fil: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8567
+#: gitk:9092
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid jämförelse av incheckningar: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8598
+#: gitk:9138
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Topp"
 
-#: gitk:8599
+#: gitk:9139
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Från"
 
-#: gitk:8604
+#: gitk:9144
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Till"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Generera patch"
 
-#: gitk:8630
+#: gitk:9170
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:9179
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:8648
+#: gitk:9188
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Vänd"
 
-#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
+#: gitk:9190 gitk:9400
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Utdatafil:"
 
-#: gitk:8656
+#: gitk:9196
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generera"
 
-#: gitk:8694
+#: gitk:9234
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Fel vid generering av patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
+#: gitk:9257 gitk:9388 gitk:9445
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "Id:"
 
-#: gitk:8726
+#: gitk:9266
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Taggnamn:"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9269
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet är valfritt"
 
-#: gitk:8731
+#: gitk:9271
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
+#: gitk:9275 gitk:9454
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Skapa"
 
-#: gitk:8753
+#: gitk:9293
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Inget taggnamn angavs"
 
-#: gitk:8757
+#: gitk:9297
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9307
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av tagg:"
 
-#: gitk:8842
+#: gitk:9397
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:8850
+#: gitk:9405
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Skriv"
 
-#: gitk:8868
+#: gitk:9423
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9450
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Namn:"
 
-#: gitk:8918
+#: gitk:9473
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Ange ett namn för den nya grenen"
 
-#: gitk:8923
+#: gitk:9478
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan. Skriva över?"
 
-#: gitk:8989
+#: gitk:9545
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "Incheckningen %s finns redan på grenen %s -- skall den verkligen appliceras "
 "på nytt?"
 
-#: gitk:8994
+#: gitk:9550
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Plockar"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9559
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -1000,7 +1061,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
 "igen."
 
-#: gitk:9009
+#: gitk:9565
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1008,32 +1069,59 @@ msgstr ""
 "Cherry-pick misslyckades på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
 "Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
 
-#: gitk:9025
+#: gitk:9581 gitk:9639
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:9051
+#: gitk:9608
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s finns inte på grenen %s -- vill du verkligen ångra?"
+
+#: gitk:9613
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Ã…ngrar"
+
+#: gitk:9621
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av lokala ändringar i följande filer:%s. "
+"Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
+"igen."
+
+#: gitk:9625
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
+" Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
+
+#: gitk:9668
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Bekräfta återställning"
 
-#: gitk:9053
+#: gitk:9670
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Återställa grenen %s till %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9055
+#: gitk:9672
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Typ av återställning:"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9675
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Mjuk: Rör inte utcheckning och index"
 
-#: gitk:9061
+#: gitk:9678
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Blandad: Rör inte utcheckning, återställ index"
 
-#: gitk:9064
+#: gitk:9681
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1041,19 +1129,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hård: Återställ utcheckning och index\n"
 "(förkastar ALLA lokala ändringar)"
 
-#: gitk:9081
+#: gitk:9698
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Återställer"
 
-#: gitk:9141
+#: gitk:9758
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Checkar ut"
 
-#: gitk:9194
+#: gitk:9811
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort den just nu utcheckade grenen"
 
-#: gitk:9200
+#: gitk:9817
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1062,16 +1150,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Incheckningarna på grenen %s existerar inte på någon annan gren.\n"
 "Vill du verkligen ta bort grenen %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9231
+#: gitk:9848
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Taggar och huvuden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9246
+#: gitk:9865
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filter"
 
-#: gitk:9541
+#: gitk:10161
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1079,205 +1167,250 @@ msgstr ""
 "Fel vid läsning av information om incheckningstopologi; information om "
 "grenar och föregående/senare taggar kommer inte vara komplett."
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:11138
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tagg"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:11142
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10576
+#: gitk:11225
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Teckensnittsväljare för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10593
+#: gitk:11242
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10596
+#: gitk:11245
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10714
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11363
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningslistvy"
 
-#: gitk:10719
+#: gitk:11366
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (rader)"
 
-#: gitk:10722
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11370
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (% av ruta)"
 
-#: gitk:10725
+#: gitk:11373
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Visa lokala ändringar"
 
-#: gitk:10728
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "Välj SHA1 automatiskt"
+#: gitk:11376
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Välj SHA1 (längd) automatiskt"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11380
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Dölj fjärr-referenser"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11384
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för diffvy"
 
-#: gitk:10737
+#: gitk:11386
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Blanksteg för tabulatortecken"
 
-#: gitk:10740
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
-msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar"
+#: gitk:11389
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar/huvuden"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11392
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Maximalt antal taggar/huvuden att visa"
+
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Begränsa diff till listade sökvägar"
 
-#: gitk:10746
+#: gitk:11398
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Stöd för filspecifika teckenkodningar"
 
-#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
+#: gitk:11404 gitk:11551
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11405
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Välj..."
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11410
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allmänna inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:10761
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Använd tema på fönsterelement"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11415
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(ändringen kräver omstart)"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(för närvarande inte tillgängligt)"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11428
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Färger: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11431
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11432
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11435
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
+#: gitk:11436 gitk:11466
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11439
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10781
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11443
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11444
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10789
+#: gitk:11448
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11449
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10794
+#: gitk:11453
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10796
+#: gitk:11455
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10800
+#: gitk:11459
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10802
+#: gitk:11461
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10806
+#: gitk:11465
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Markerad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10810
+#: gitk:11474
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10812
+#: gitk:11476
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Huvudteckensnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10813
+#: gitk:11477
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för diffvisning"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11478
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för användargränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10842
+#: gitk:11500
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11509
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Allmänt"
+
+#: gitk:11510
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Färger"
+
+#: gitk:11511
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Teckensnitt"
+
+#: gitk:11561
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: välj färg för %s"
 
-#: gitk:11445
+#: gitk:12074
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Gitk kan tyvärr inte köra med denna version av Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk kräver åtminstone Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+
+#: gitk:12284
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Hittar inget git-arkiv här."
 
-#: gitk:11449
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:12331
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Tvetydigt argument \"%s\": både revision och filnamn"
 
-#: gitk:11508
+#: gitk:12343
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Felaktiga argument till gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11604
-msgid "Command line"
-msgstr "Kommandorad"
+#~ msgid "mc"
+#~ msgstr "mc"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Copyright © 2005-2015 Paul Mackerras\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Gitk - en incheckningsvisare för git\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Copyright © 2005-2015 Paul Mackerras\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Använd och vidareförmedla enligt villkoren i GNU General Public License"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "nästa"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "föreg"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Skapat datum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
 
 #~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
 #~ msgstr "SHA1-id: "
@@ -1285,13 +1418,6 @@ msgstr "Kommandorad"
 #~ msgid "- stopping\n"
 #~ msgstr "- stannar\n"
 
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
-#~ " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gitk kan tyvärr inte köra med denna version av Tcl/Tk.\n"
-#~ " Gitk kräver åtminstone Tcl/Tk 8.4."
-
 #~ msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
 #~ msgstr "Tagg/huvud %s är okänt"
 
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/vi.po b/gitk-git/po/vi.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8966812368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/vi.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1379 @@
+# Vietnamese translations for gitk package.
+# Bản dịch tiếng Việt cho gói gitk.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+# Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2013, 2015.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk @@GIT_VERSION@@\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-17 14:32+1000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-09-15 07:33+0700\n"
+"Last-Translator: Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Vietnamese <translation-team-vi@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
+"Language: vi\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.7\n"
+
+#: gitk:140
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy danh sách các tập-tin chưa được hòa trộn:"
+
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Tô màu chữ"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8220 gitk:8253
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu chữ"
+
+#: gitk:324
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích điểm xét duyệt:"
+
+#: gitk:380
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện lệnh --argscmd:"
+
+#: gitk:393
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Chưa ch�n tập tin: --merge đã chỉ định nhưng không có tập tin chưa hòa trộn."
+
+#: gitk:396
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Chưa ch�n tập tin: --merge đã chỉ định nhưng không có tập tin chưa hòa trộn "
+"trong giới hạn tập tin."
+
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện lệnh git log:"
+
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "�ang đ�c"
+
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4525
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "�ang đ�c các lần chuyển giao…"
+
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4528
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Chưa ch�n các lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:1445 gitk:4045 gitk:12432
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Dòng lệnh"
+
+#: gitk:1511
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích kết xuất từ lệnh git log:"
+
+#: gitk:1740
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Không có thông tin v� lần chuyển giao nào"
+
+#: gitk:1903 gitk:1932 gitk:4315 gitk:9669 gitk:11241 gitk:11521
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "�ồng ý"
+
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4317 gitk:9196 gitk:9275 gitk:9391 gitk:9440 gitk:9671
+#: gitk:11242 gitk:11522
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Thôi"
+
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "&Update"
+msgstr "Cập nhật"
+
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "&Reload"
+msgstr "Tải lại"
+
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread re&ferences"
+msgstr "��c lại tham chiếu"
+
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "&List references"
+msgstr "Liệt kê các tham chiếu"
+
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git &gui"
+msgstr "Khởi chạy git gui"
+
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "&Quit"
+msgstr "Thoát"
+
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "&File"
+msgstr "Chính"
+
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "&Preferences"
+msgstr "Tùy thích"
+
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "&Edit"
+msgstr "Chỉnh sửa"
+
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "&New view..."
+msgstr "Thêm trình bày mới…"
+
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "&Edit view..."
+msgstr "Sửa cách trình bày…"
+
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "&Delete view"
+msgstr "Xóa cách trình bày"
+
+#: gitk:2088 gitk:4043
+msgid "&All files"
+msgstr "M�i tập tin"
+
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4067
+msgid "&View"
+msgstr "Trình bày"
+
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3012
+msgid "&About gitk"
+msgstr "Giới thiệu v� gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "&Key bindings"
+msgstr "Tổ hợp phím"
+
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "&Help"
+msgstr "Trợ giúp"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8652
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:2229
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Hàng"
+
+#: gitk:2267
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Tìm"
+
+#: gitk:2295
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4687 gitk:4710 gitk:4734 gitk:6755 gitk:6827
+#: gitk:6912
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "có chứa:"
+
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3526 gitk:3531 gitk:4763
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "đang chạm đư�ng dẫn:"
+
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4777
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "thêm/gỡ b� chuỗi:"
+
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4779
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "những dòng thay đổi khớp mẫu:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4766
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Chính xác"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4854 gitk:6723
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "BquaHt"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4736 gitk:4852 gitk:6719
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "BTCQ"
+
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4874 gitk:4904 gitk:4911 gitk:6848 gitk:6916
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "M�i trư�ng"
+
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4871 gitk:4904 gitk:6786
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Nội dung chính"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:6916 gitk:7389
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Ghi chú"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:4876 gitk:4911 gitk:6786 gitk:7324 gitk:8830
+#: gitk:8845
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Tác giả"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4871 gitk:6786 gitk:7326
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Ngư�i chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:2350
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Tìm kiếm"
+
+#: gitk:2358
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "So sánh"
+
+#: gitk:2360
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Phiên bản cũ"
+
+#: gitk:2362
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Phiên bản mới"
+
+#: gitk:2364
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Các dòng của nội dung"
+
+#: gitk:2374
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Không xét đến thay đổi do khoảng trắng"
+
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7959 gitk:8206
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Khác biệt theo dòng"
+
+#: gitk:2445
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Vá"
+
+#: gitk:2447
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Cây"
+
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "So sánh cái này -> cái đã ch�n"
+
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "So sánh cái đã ch�n -> cái này"
+
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2639
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Tạo miếng vá"
+
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9254
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Tạo thẻ"
+
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9371
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Ghi lần chuyển giao ra tập tin"
+
+#: gitk:2622 gitk:9428
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Tạo nhánh mới"
+
+#: gitk:2623
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Cherry-pick lần chuyển giao này"
+
+#: gitk:2624
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "�ặt lại HEAD của nhánh vào đây"
+
+#: gitk:2625
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu lần chuyển giao này"
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Quay lại vị trí dấu"
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Tìm con cháu của cái này và cái đã đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:2628
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "So sánh với lần chuyển giao đã đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "So sánh cái này -> lần chuyển giao đã đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:2630 gitk:2641
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "So sánh lần chuyển giao đã đánh dấu -> cái này"
+
+#: gitk:2631
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Hoàn lại lần chuyển giao này"
+
+#: gitk:2647
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Lấy ra nhánh này"
+
+#: gitk:2648
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� nhánh này"
+
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "Copy branch name"
+msgstr "Chép tên nhánh"
+
+#: gitk:2656
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Cũng tô sáng nó"
+
+#: gitk:2657
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Chỉ tô sáng cái này"
+
+#: gitk:2658
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "diff từ bên ngoài"
+
+#: gitk:2659
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Xem công trạng lần chuyển giao cha mẹ"
+
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "Copy path"
+msgstr "Chép đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: gitk:2667
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Hiển thị nguyên gốc của dòng này"
+
+#: gitk:2668
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Chạy lệnh git gui blame cho dòng này"
+
+#: gitk:3014
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - ứng dụng để xem các lần chuyển giao dành cho git\n"
+"\n"
+"Bản quy�n © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Dùng và phân phối lại phần m�m này theo các đi�u khoản của Giấy Phép Công GNU"
+
+#: gitk:3022 gitk:3089 gitk:9857
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "�óng"
+
+#: gitk:3043
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Tổ hợp phím gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3046
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Tổ hợp phím gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:3048
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tThoát"
+
+#: gitk:3049
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\t�óng cửa sổ"
+
+#: gitk:3050
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tChuyển đến lần chuyển giao đầu tiên"
+
+#: gitk:3051
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tChuyển đến lần chuyển giao cuối"
+
+#: gitk:3052
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, k\tDi chuyển lên một lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3053
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, j\tDi chuyển xuống một lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, h\tQuay trở lại danh sách lịch sử"
+
+#: gitk:3055
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tDi chuyển tiếp trong danh sách lịch sử"
+
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+"<%s-n>\t�ến cha thứ n của lần chuyển giao hiện tại trong danh sách lịch sử"
+
+#: gitk:3057
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tDi chuyển lên một trang trong danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3058
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tDi chuyển xuống một trang trong danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3059
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tCuộn lên trên cùng của danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3060
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tCuộn xuống dưới cùng của danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3061
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tCuộn danh sách lần chuyển giao lên một dòng"
+
+#: gitk:3062
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tCuộn danh sách lần chuyển giao xuống một dòng"
+
+#: gitk:3063
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tCuộn danh sách lần chuyển giao lên một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3064
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tCuộn danh sách lần chuyển giao xuống một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3065
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tTìm v� phía sau (hướng lên trên, lần chuyển giao sau này)"
+
+#: gitk:3066
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr ""
+"<Shift-Down>\tTìm v� phía trước (hướng xuống dưới, lần chuyển giao trước đây)"
+
+#: gitk:3067
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tCuộn phần trình bày diff lên một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3068
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tCuộn phần trình bày diff lên một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3069
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Space>\t\tCuộn phần trình bày diff xuống một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3070
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tCuộn phần trình bày diff lên 18 dòng"
+
+#: gitk:3071
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tCuộn phần trình bày diff xuống 18 dòng"
+
+#: gitk:3072
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tTìm kiếm"
+
+#: gitk:3073
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tDi chuyển đến chỗ gặp kế tiếp"
+
+#: gitk:3074
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\t\tDi chuyển đến chỗ gặp kế tiếp"
+
+#: gitk:3075
+msgid "g\t\tGo to commit"
+msgstr "g\t\tChuyển đến lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3076
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\t�ưa con tr� chuột vào ô tìm kiếm"
+
+#: gitk:3077
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tDi chuyển đến chỗ gặp kế trước"
+
+#: gitk:3078
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tCuộn phần trình bày diff sang tập-tin kế"
+
+#: gitk:3079
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tTìm đến chỗ khác biệt kế tiếp"
+
+#: gitk:3080
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tTìm đến chỗ khác biệt kế trước"
+
+#: gitk:3081
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tTăng cỡ chữ"
+
+#: gitk:3082
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tTăng cỡ chữ"
+
+#: gitk:3083
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tGiảm cỡ chữ"
+
+#: gitk:3084
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tGiảm cỡ chữ"
+
+#: gitk:3085
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tCập nhật"
+
+#: gitk:3550 gitk:3559
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo thư mục tạm %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3572
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Lỗi chào h�i \"%s\" từ %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3635
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "lệnh gặp lỗi:"
+
+#: gitk:3784
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Không có lần chuyển giao như vậy"
+
+#: gitk:3798
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: lệnh gặp lỗi:"
+
+#: gitk:3829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Không thể độc đầu của hòa trộn: %s"
+
+# tcl-format
+#: gitk:3837
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đ�c chỉ mục: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3862
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Không thể khởi chạy git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3865 gitk:6754
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "�ang tìm kiếm"
+
+#: gitk:3897
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi chạy git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3925
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "Dòng đến từ lần chuyển giao %s, cái mà không trong trình bày này"
+
+#: gitk:3939
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Bộ trình bày diff từ bên ngoài gặp lỗi:"
+
+#: gitk:4070
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "�ịnh nghĩa cách trình bày gitk"
+
+#: gitk:4074
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Nhớ cách trình bày này"
+
+#: gitk:4075
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Tham chiếu (danh sách ngăn cách bằng dấu cách):"
+
+#: gitk:4076
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Nhánh & thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:4077
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "M�i tham chiếu"
+
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "M�i nhánh (nội bộ)"
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "M�i thẻ"
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "M�i nhánh remote-tracking"
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Thông tin chuyển giao (biểu thức chính quy):"
+
+#: gitk:4082
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Tác giả:"
+
+#: gitk:4083
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Ngư�i chuyển giao:"
+
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Chú thích của lần chuyển giao:"
+
+#: gitk:4085
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Khớp m�i đi�u kiện Thông tin Chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Matches no Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Khớp không đi�u kiện Thông tin Chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "�ổi thành Tập tin:"
+
+#: gitk:4088
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Chuỗi cố định"
+
+#: gitk:4089
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Biểu thức chính quy"
+
+#: gitk:4090
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Chuỗi tìm kiếm:"
+
+#: gitk:4091
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Ngày chuyển giao (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:4092
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Kể từ:"
+
+#: gitk:4093
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "�ến:"
+
+#: gitk:4094
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Giới hạn và/hoặc b� số của điểm xét (số nguyên âm):"
+
+#: gitk:4095
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Số lượng hiển thị:"
+
+#: gitk:4096
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Số lượng sẽ b� qua:"
+
+#: gitk:4097
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n hỗn hợp:"
+
+#: gitk:4098
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Sắp xếp chặt chẽ theo ngày"
+
+#: gitk:4099
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "�ánh dấu các cạnh nhánh"
+
+#: gitk:4100
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Giới hạn thành cha mẹ đầu tiên"
+
+#: gitk:4101
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Lịch sử dạng đơn giản"
+
+#: gitk:4102
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "�ối số bổ xung cho lệnh git log:"
+
+#: gitk:4103
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Nhập vào các tập tin và thư mục bao gồm, mỗi dòng một cái:"
+
+#: gitk:4104
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Lệnh tạo ra nhi�u lần chuyển giao hơn bao gồm:"
+
+#: gitk:4228
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: sửa cách trình bày"
+
+#: gitk:4236
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- tiêu chuẩn ch�n điểm xét duyệt"
+
+#: gitk:4241
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Tên cách trình bày"
+
+#: gitk:4316
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "�p dụng (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4354
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Lỗi trong các đối số ch�n chuyển giao:"
+
+#: gitk:4409 gitk:4462 gitk:4924 gitk:4938 gitk:6208 gitk:12373 gitk:12374
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Không"
+
+#: gitk:5021 gitk:5026
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Con cháu"
+
+#: gitk:5022
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Không có con cháu"
+
+#: gitk:5029 gitk:5034
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Tổ tiên chung"
+
+#: gitk:5030
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Không có chung tổ tiên"
+
+#: gitk:5324
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr ""
+"Có thay đổi nội bộ đã được đưa vào bảng mục lục, nhưng chưa được chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:5360
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Có thay đổi nội bộ, nhưng chưa được đưa vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: gitk:7134
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "và nhi�u nữa"
+
+#: gitk:7137
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "nhi�u"
+
+#: gitk:7328
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:7345 gitk:7351 gitk:8825
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Cha"
+
+#: gitk:7356
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Con"
+
+#: gitk:7365
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Nhánh"
+
+#: gitk:7368
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "�ứng sau"
+
+#: gitk:7371
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "�ứng trước"
+
+# tcl-format
+#: gitk:7966
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Lỗi lấy diff: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8650
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Nhảy tới:"
+
+#: gitk:8671
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "�ịnh danh SHA1 dạng ngắn %s là chưa đủ rõ ràng"
+
+#: gitk:8678
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "Không hiểu điểm xét duyệt %s"
+
+#: gitk:8688
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "Không hiểu định danh SHA1 %s"
+
+#: gitk:8690
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "�iểm %s không ở trong phần hiển thị hiện tại"
+
+#: gitk:8832 gitk:8847
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Ngày"
+
+#: gitk:8835
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Con cháu"
+
+#: gitk:8898
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "�ặt lại nhánh %s tại đây"
+
+#: gitk:8900
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Head đã bị tách r�i: không thể đặt lại"
+
+#: gitk:9005 gitk:9011
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "B� qua lần chuyển giao hòa trộn "
+
+#: gitk:9020 gitk:9025
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi lấy ID miếng vá cho "
+
+#: gitk:9021 gitk:9026
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - dừng\n"
+
+#: gitk:9031 gitk:9034 gitk:9042 gitk:9056 gitk:9065
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Commit "
+
+#: gitk:9035
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" là cùng một miếng vá với\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9043
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" khác biệt từ\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9045
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Khác biệt của lần chuyển giao (commit):\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:9057 gitk:9066
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " có %s con - dừng\n"
+
+#: gitk:9085
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi trong quá trình ghi lần chuyển giao vào tập tin: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9091
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi so sánh sự khác biệt giữa các lần chuyển giao: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9137
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "�ỉnh"
+
+#: gitk:9138
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "Từ"
+
+#: gitk:9143
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "�ến"
+
+#: gitk:9167
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Tạo miếng vá"
+
+#: gitk:9169
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "Từ:"
+
+#: gitk:9178
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "�ến:"
+
+#: gitk:9187
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "�ảo ngược"
+
+#: gitk:9189 gitk:9385
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Tập tin kết xuất:"
+
+#: gitk:9195
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Tạo"
+
+#: gitk:9233
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo miếng vá:"
+
+#: gitk:9256 gitk:9373 gitk:9430
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "Mã số:"
+
+#: gitk:9265
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Tên thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:9268
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Ghi chú thẻ chỉ là tùy ch�n"
+
+#: gitk:9270
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Ghi chú cho thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:9274 gitk:9439
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Tạo"
+
+#: gitk:9292
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tên của thẻ"
+
+#: gitk:9296
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Thẻ “%s� đã có sẵn rồi"
+
+#: gitk:9306
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:9382
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Lệnh:"
+
+#: gitk:9390
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Ghi"
+
+#: gitk:9408
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi trong quá trình ghi chuyển giao:"
+
+#: gitk:9435
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Tên:"
+
+#: gitk:9458
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Vui lòng chỉ định tên cho nhánh mới"
+
+#: gitk:9463
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s� đã có từ trước rồi. Ghi đè?"
+
+#: gitk:9530
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s đã sẵn được bao gồm trong nhánh %s -- bạn có thực sự muốn "
+"áp dụng lại nó không?"
+
+#: gitk:9535
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "�ang cherry-pick"
+
+#: gitk:9544
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick gặp lỗi bởi vì các thay đổi nội bộ tập tin “%s�.\n"
+"Xin hãy chuyển giao, reset hay stash các thay đổi của bạn sau đó thử lại."
+
+#: gitk:9550
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick gặp lỗi bởi vì xung đột trong hòa trộn.\n"
+"Bạn có muốn chạy lệnh “git citool� để giải quyết vấn đ� này không?"
+
+#: gitk:9566 gitk:9624
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Không có thay đổi nào cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:9593
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s không được bao gồm trong nhánh %s -- bạn có thực sự muốn "
+"“revert� nó không?"
+
+#: gitk:9598
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "�ang hoàn tác"
+
+#: gitk:9606
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Revert gặp lỗi bởi vì tập tin sau đã được thay đổi nội bộ:%s\n"
+"Xin hãy chạy lệnh “commit�, “reset� hoặc “stash� rồi thử lại."
+
+#: gitk:9610
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Revert gặp lỗi bởi vì xung đột hòa trộn.\n"
+" Bạn có muốn chạy lệnh “git citool� để phân giải nó không?"
+
+#: gitk:9653
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Xác nhật đặt lại"
+
+#: gitk:9655
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "�ặt lại nhánh “%s� thành “%s�?"
+
+#: gitk:9657
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Kiểu đặt lại:"
+
+#: gitk:9660
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "M�m: Không động đến thư mục làm việc và bảng mục lục"
+
+#: gitk:9663
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr ""
+"Pha trộn: Không động chạm đến thư mục làm việc nhưng đặt lại bảng mục lục"
+
+#: gitk:9666
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hard: �ặt lại cây làm việc và mục lục\n"
+"(hủy b� MỌI thay đổi nội bộ)"
+
+#: gitk:9683
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "�ang đặt lại"
+
+#: gitk:9743
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "�ang checkout"
+
+#: gitk:9796
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh hiện tại đang được lấy ra"
+
+#: gitk:9802
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Các lần chuyển giao trên nhánh %s không ở trên nhánh khác.\n"
+"Thực sự muốn xóa nhánh %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9833
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Thẻ và �ầu: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9850
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Bộ l�c"
+
+#: gitk:10146
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi đ�c thông tin hình h�c lần chuyển giao; thông tin nhánh và thẻ "
+"trước/sau sẽ không hoàn thiện."
+
+#: gitk:11123
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Thẻ"
+
+#: gitk:11127
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:11210
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Hộp thoại ch�n phông Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11227
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:11230
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:11348
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n v� hiển thị danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:11351
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "�ộ rộng biểu đồ tối đa (dòng)"
+
+#: gitk:11355
+#, no-tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "�ộ rộng đồ thị tối đa (% của bảng)"
+
+#: gitk:11358
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các thay đổi nội bộ"
+
+#: gitk:11361
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Tự ch�n (độ dài) SHA1"
+
+#: gitk:11365
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Ẩn tham chiếu đến máy chủ"
+
+#: gitk:11369
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n trình bày các khác biệt"
+
+#: gitk:11371
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Khoảng cách tab"
+
+#: gitk:11374
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các thẻ/đầu xung quanh"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Số lượng thẻ/đầu tối đa sẽ hiển thị"
+
+#: gitk:11380
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Giới hạn các khác biệt cho đư�ng dẫn đã liệt kê"
+
+#: gitk:11383
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Hỗ trợ mã hóa mỗi-dòng"
+
+#: gitk:11389 gitk:11536
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Công cụ so sánh từ bên ngoài"
+
+#: gitk:11390
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Ch�n…"
+
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n chung"
+
+#: gitk:11398
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Dùng các widget chủ đ�"
+
+#: gitk:11400
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(để thay đổi cần khởi động lại)"
+
+#: gitk:11402
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(hiện tại không sẵn sàng)"
+
+#: gitk:11413
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Màu sắc: bấm vào nút phía dưới để ch�n màu"
+
+#: gitk:11416
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Giao diện"
+
+#: gitk:11417
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "giao diện"
+
+#: gitk:11420
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "N�n"
+
+#: gitk:11421 gitk:11451
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "n�n"
+
+#: gitk:11424
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Ti�n cảnh"
+
+#: gitk:11425
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "ti�n cảnh"
+
+#: gitk:11428
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "So sánh: dòng cũ"
+
+#: gitk:11429
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "diff dòng cũ"
+
+#: gitk:11433
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "So sánh: dòng mới"
+
+#: gitk:11434
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "màu dòng mới"
+
+#: gitk:11438
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "So sánh: phần đầu của đoạn"
+
+#: gitk:11440
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "màu của phần đầu của đoạn khi so sánh"
+
+#: gitk:11444
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "N�n dòng đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:11446
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "n�n dòng được đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:11450
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Màu n�n"
+
+#: gitk:11459
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Phông chữ: bấm vào các nút ở dưới để ch�n"
+
+#: gitk:11461
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Phông chữ chính"
+
+#: gitk:11462
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Phông chữ dùng khi so sánh"
+
+#: gitk:11463
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Phông chữ giao diện"
+
+#: gitk:11485
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Cá nhân hóa các cài đặt cho Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11494
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Chung"
+
+#: gitk:11495
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Màu sắc"
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Phông chữ"
+
+#: gitk:11546
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: ch�n màu cho %s"
+
+#: gitk:12059
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Rất tiếc, gitk không thể chạy Tcl/Tk phiên bản này.\n"
+" Gitk cần ít nhất là Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+
+#: gitk:12269
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy kho git ở đây."
+
+#: gitk:12316
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "�ối số “%s� chưa rõ ràng: vừa là điểm xét duyệt vừa là tên tập tin"
+
+#: gitk:12328
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "�ối số cho gitk không hợp lệ:"
+
+#~ msgid "mc"
+#~ msgstr "mc"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "tiếp"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "trÆ°á»›c"
diff --git a/gitweb/INSTALL b/gitweb/INSTALL
index 6d45406797..408f2859d3 100644
--- a/gitweb/INSTALL
+++ b/gitweb/INSTALL
@@ -243,14 +243,11 @@ for gitweb (in gitweb/README), and gitweb.conf(5) manpage.
   GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM build configuration variable, and override it
   through the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM environment variable.
 
-  Note that if per-instance configuration file exists, then system-wide
-  configuration is _not used at all_.  This is quite untypical and suprising
-  behavior.  On the other hand changing current behavior would break backwards
-  compatibility and can lead to unexpected changes in gitweb behavior.
-  Therefore gitweb also looks for common system-wide configuration file,
-  normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf (set during build time using build time
-  configuration variable GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON, set it at runtime using
-  environment variable with the same name).  Settings from per-instance or
+  Note that the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM system-wide configuration file is
+  only used for instances that lack per-instance configuration file.
+  You can use GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON common system-wide configuration
+  file (normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf) to keep common default
+  settings that apply to all instances.  Settings from per-instance or
   system-wide configuration file override those from common system-wide
   configuration file.
 
diff --git a/gitweb/README b/gitweb/README
index 6da4778b73..471dcfb691 100644
--- a/gitweb/README
+++ b/gitweb/README
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 GIT web Interface
 =================
 
-The one working on:
-  http://git.kernel.org/
-
 From the git version 1.4.0 gitweb is bundled with git.
 
 
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.perl b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
index f80f2594cb..2fddf750fa 100755
--- a/gitweb/gitweb.perl
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ use File::Basename qw(basename);
 use Time::HiRes qw(gettimeofday tv_interval);
 binmode STDOUT, ':utf8';
 
+if (!defined($CGI::VERSION) || $CGI::VERSION < 4.08) {
+	eval 'sub CGI::multi_param { CGI::param(@_) }'
+}
+
 our $t0 = [ gettimeofday() ];
 our $number_of_git_cmds = 0;
 
@@ -52,8 +56,13 @@ sub evaluate_uri {
 	# as base URL.
 	# Therefore, if we needed to strip PATH_INFO, then we know that we have
 	# to build the base URL ourselves:
-	our $path_info = $ENV{"PATH_INFO"};
+	our $path_info = decode_utf8($ENV{"PATH_INFO"});
 	if ($path_info) {
+		# $path_info has already been URL-decoded by the web server, but
+		# $my_url and $my_uri have not. URL-decode them so we can properly
+		# strip $path_info.
+		$my_url = unescape($my_url);
+		$my_uri = unescape($my_uri);
 		if ($my_url =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
 		    $my_uri =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
 		    defined $ENV{'SCRIPT_NAME'}) {
@@ -80,6 +89,9 @@ our $project_maxdepth = "++GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH++";
 # string of the home link on top of all pages
 our $home_link_str = "++GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR++";
 
+# extra breadcrumbs preceding the home link
+our @extra_breadcrumbs = ();
+
 # name of your site or organization to appear in page titles
 # replace this with something more descriptive for clearer bookmarks
 our $site_name = "++GITWEB_SITENAME++"
@@ -133,6 +145,12 @@ our $default_projects_order = "project";
 # (only effective if this variable evaluates to true)
 our $export_ok = "++GITWEB_EXPORT_OK++";
 
+# don't generate age column on the projects list page
+our $omit_age_column = 0;
+
+# don't generate information about owners of repositories
+our $omit_owner=0;
+
 # show repository only if this subroutine returns true
 # when given the path to the project, for example:
 #    sub { return -e "$_[0]/git-daemon-export-ok"; }
@@ -259,16 +277,15 @@ our %highlight_basename = (
 our %highlight_ext = (
 	# main extensions, defining name of syntax;
 	# see files in /usr/share/highlight/langDefs/ directory
-	map { $_ => $_ }
-		qw(py c cpp rb java css php sh pl js tex bib xml awk bat ini spec tcl sql make),
+	(map { $_ => $_ } qw(py rb java css js tex bib xml awk bat ini spec tcl sql)),
 	# alternate extensions, see /etc/highlight/filetypes.conf
-	'h' => 'c',
-	map { $_ => 'sh'  } qw(bash zsh ksh),
-	map { $_ => 'cpp' } qw(cxx c++ cc),
-	map { $_ => 'php' } qw(php3 php4 php5 phps),
-	map { $_ => 'pl'  } qw(perl pm), # perhaps also 'cgi'
-	map { $_ => 'make'} qw(mak mk),
-	map { $_ => 'xml' } qw(xhtml html htm),
+	(map { $_ => 'c'   } qw(c h)),
+	(map { $_ => 'sh'  } qw(sh bash zsh ksh)),
+	(map { $_ => 'cpp' } qw(cpp cxx c++ cc)),
+	(map { $_ => 'php' } qw(php php3 php4 php5 phps)),
+	(map { $_ => 'pl'  } qw(pl perl pm)), # perhaps also 'cgi'
+	(map { $_ => 'make'} qw(make mak mk)),
+	(map { $_ => 'xml' } qw(xml xhtml html htm)),
 );
 
 # You define site-wide feature defaults here; override them with
@@ -530,11 +547,25 @@ our %feature = (
 	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'default'} = [1];
 	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
 	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'override'} = 1;
-	# and in project config gitweb.remote_heads = 0|1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.remoteheads = 0|1;
 	'remote_heads' => {
 		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('remote_heads', @_) },
 		'override' => 0,
 		'default' => [0]},
+
+	# Enable showing branches under other refs in addition to heads
+
+	# To set system wide extra branch refs have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'default'} = ['dirs', 'of', 'choice'];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.extrabranchrefs = dirs of choice
+	# Every directory is separated with whitespace.
+
+	'extra-branch-refs' => {
+		'sub' => \&feature_extra_branch_refs,
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => []},
 );
 
 sub gitweb_get_feature {
@@ -613,6 +644,21 @@ sub feature_avatar {
 	return @val ? @val : @_;
 }
 
+sub feature_extra_branch_refs {
+	my (@branch_refs) = @_;
+	my $values = git_get_project_config('extrabranchrefs');
+
+	if ($values) {
+		$values = config_to_multi ($values);
+		@branch_refs = ();
+		foreach my $value (@{$values}) {
+			push @branch_refs, split /\s+/, $value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return @branch_refs;
+}
+
 # checking HEAD file with -e is fragile if the repository was
 # initialized long time ago (i.e. symlink HEAD) and was pack-ref'ed
 # and then pruned.
@@ -643,6 +689,18 @@ sub filter_snapshot_fmts {
 		!$known_snapshot_formats{$_}{'disabled'}} @fmts;
 }
 
+sub filter_and_validate_refs {
+	my @refs = @_;
+	my %unique_refs = ();
+
+	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
+		die_error(500, "Invalid ref '$ref' in 'extra-branch-refs' feature") unless (is_valid_ref_format($ref));
+		# 'heads' are added implicitly in get_branch_refs().
+		$unique_refs{$ref} = 1 if ($ref ne 'heads');
+	}
+	return sort keys %unique_refs;
+}
+
 # If it is set to code reference, it is code that it is to be run once per
 # request, allowing updating configurations that change with each request,
 # while running other code in config file only once.
@@ -673,7 +731,7 @@ sub evaluate_gitweb_config {
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM++";
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON++";
 
-	# Protect agains duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
+	# Protect against duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
 	# Only one of $GITWEB_CONFIG and $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM is used, so
 	# there possibility of duplication of filename there doesn't matter.
 	$GITWEB_CONFIG = ""        if ($GITWEB_CONFIG eq $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON);
@@ -760,6 +818,7 @@ our @cgi_param_mapping = (
 	search_use_regexp => "sr",
 	ctag => "by_tag",
 	diff_style => "ds",
+	project_filter => "pf",
 	# this must be last entry (for manipulation from JavaScript)
 	javascript => "js"
 );
@@ -816,9 +875,9 @@ sub evaluate_query_params {
 
 	while (my ($name, $symbol) = each %cgi_param_mapping) {
 		if ($symbol eq 'opt') {
-			$input_params{$name} = [ $cgi->param($symbol) ];
+			$input_params{$name} = [ map { decode_utf8($_) } $cgi->multi_param($symbol) ];
 		} else {
-			$input_params{$name} = $cgi->param($symbol);
+			$input_params{$name} = decode_utf8($cgi->param($symbol));
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -976,11 +1035,11 @@ sub evaluate_path_info {
 
 our ($action, $project, $file_name, $file_parent, $hash, $hash_parent, $hash_base,
      $hash_parent_base, @extra_options, $page, $searchtype, $search_use_regexp,
-     $searchtext, $search_regexp);
+     $searchtext, $search_regexp, $project_filter);
 sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	our $action = $input_params{'action'};
 	if (defined $action) {
-		if (!validate_action($action)) {
+		if (!is_valid_action($action)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid action parameter");
 		}
 	}
@@ -988,22 +1047,29 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	# parameters which are pathnames
 	our $project = $input_params{'project'};
 	if (defined $project) {
-		if (!validate_project($project)) {
+		if (!is_valid_project($project)) {
 			undef $project;
 			die_error(404, "No such project");
 		}
 	}
 
+	our $project_filter = $input_params{'project_filter'};
+	if (defined $project_filter) {
+		if (!is_valid_pathname($project_filter)) {
+			die_error(404, "Invalid project_filter parameter");
+		}
+	}
+
 	our $file_name = $input_params{'file_name'};
 	if (defined $file_name) {
-		if (!validate_pathname($file_name)) {
+		if (!is_valid_pathname($file_name)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid file parameter");
 		}
 	}
 
 	our $file_parent = $input_params{'file_parent'};
 	if (defined $file_parent) {
-		if (!validate_pathname($file_parent)) {
+		if (!is_valid_pathname($file_parent)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid file parent parameter");
 		}
 	}
@@ -1011,21 +1077,21 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	# parameters which are refnames
 	our $hash = $input_params{'hash'};
 	if (defined $hash) {
-		if (!validate_refname($hash)) {
+		if (!is_valid_refname($hash)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid hash parameter");
 		}
 	}
 
 	our $hash_parent = $input_params{'hash_parent'};
 	if (defined $hash_parent) {
-		if (!validate_refname($hash_parent)) {
+		if (!is_valid_refname($hash_parent)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid hash parent parameter");
 		}
 	}
 
 	our $hash_base = $input_params{'hash_base'};
 	if (defined $hash_base) {
-		if (!validate_refname($hash_base)) {
+		if (!is_valid_refname($hash_base)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid hash base parameter");
 		}
 	}
@@ -1045,7 +1111,7 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 
 	our $hash_parent_base = $input_params{'hash_parent_base'};
 	if (defined $hash_parent_base) {
-		if (!validate_refname($hash_parent_base)) {
+		if (!is_valid_refname($hash_parent_base)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid hash parent base parameter");
 		}
 	}
@@ -1068,12 +1134,21 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	our $search_use_regexp = $input_params{'search_use_regexp'};
 
 	our $searchtext = $input_params{'searchtext'};
-	our $search_regexp;
+	our $search_regexp = undef;
 	if (defined $searchtext) {
 		if (length($searchtext) < 2) {
 			die_error(403, "At least two characters are required for search parameter");
 		}
-		$search_regexp = $search_use_regexp ? $searchtext : quotemeta $searchtext;
+		if ($search_use_regexp) {
+			$search_regexp = $searchtext;
+			if (!eval { qr/$search_regexp/; 1; }) {
+				(my $error = $@) =~ s/ at \S+ line \d+.*\n?//;
+				die_error(400, "Invalid search regexp '$search_regexp'",
+				          esc_html($error));
+			}
+		} else {
+			$search_regexp = quotemeta $searchtext;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1083,7 +1158,7 @@ sub evaluate_git_dir {
 	our $git_dir = "$projectroot/$project" if $project;
 }
 
-our (@snapshot_fmts, $git_avatar);
+our (@snapshot_fmts, $git_avatar, @extra_branch_refs);
 sub configure_gitweb_features {
 	# list of supported snapshot formats
 	our @snapshot_fmts = gitweb_get_feature('snapshot');
@@ -1101,6 +1176,13 @@ sub configure_gitweb_features {
 	} else {
 		$git_avatar = '';
 	}
+
+	our @extra_branch_refs = gitweb_get_feature('extra-branch-refs');
+	@extra_branch_refs = filter_and_validate_refs (@extra_branch_refs);
+}
+
+sub get_branch_refs {
+	return ('heads', @extra_branch_refs);
 }
 
 # custom error handler: 'die <message>' is Internal Server Error
@@ -1109,7 +1191,7 @@ sub handle_errors_html {
 
 	# to avoid infinite loop where error occurs in die_error,
 	# change handler to default handler, disabling handle_errors_html
-	set_message("Error occured when inside die_error:\n$msg");
+	set_message("Error occurred when inside die_error:\n$msg");
 
 	# you cannot jump out of die_error when called as error handler;
 	# the subroutine set via CGI::Carp::set_message is called _after_
@@ -1123,8 +1205,10 @@ sub dispatch {
 	if (!defined $action) {
 		if (defined $hash) {
 			$action = git_get_type($hash);
+			$action or die_error(404, "Object does not exist");
 		} elsif (defined $hash_base && defined $file_name) {
 			$action = git_get_type("$hash_base:$file_name");
+			$action or die_error(404, "File or directory does not exist");
 		} elsif (defined $project) {
 			$action = 'summary';
 		} else {
@@ -1386,28 +1470,31 @@ sub href {
 ## ======================================================================
 ## validation, quoting/unquoting and escaping
 
-sub validate_action {
-	my $input = shift || return undef;
+sub is_valid_action {
+	my $input = shift;
 	return undef unless exists $actions{$input};
-	return $input;
+	return 1;
 }
 
-sub validate_project {
-	my $input = shift || return undef;
-	if (!validate_pathname($input) ||
+sub is_valid_project {
+	my $input = shift;
+
+	return unless defined $input;
+	if (!is_valid_pathname($input) ||
 		!(-d "$projectroot/$input") ||
 		!check_export_ok("$projectroot/$input") ||
 		($strict_export && !project_in_list($input))) {
 		return undef;
 	} else {
-		return $input;
+		return 1;
 	}
 }
 
-sub validate_pathname {
-	my $input = shift || return undef;
+sub is_valid_pathname {
+	my $input = shift;
 
-	# no '.' or '..' as elements of path, i.e. no '.' nor '..'
+	return undef unless defined $input;
+	# no '.' or '..' as elements of path, i.e. no '.' or '..'
 	# at the beginning, at the end, and between slashes.
 	# also this catches doubled slashes
 	if ($input =~ m!(^|/)(|\.|\.\.)(/|$)!) {
@@ -1417,24 +1504,33 @@ sub validate_pathname {
 	if ($input =~ m!\0!) {
 		return undef;
 	}
-	return $input;
+	return 1;
 }
 
-sub validate_refname {
-	my $input = shift || return undef;
+sub is_valid_ref_format {
+	my $input = shift;
 
-	# textual hashes are O.K.
-	if ($input =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
-		return $input;
-	}
-	# it must be correct pathname
-	$input = validate_pathname($input)
-		or return undef;
+	return undef unless defined $input;
 	# restrictions on ref name according to git-check-ref-format
 	if ($input =~ m!(/\.|\.\.|[\000-\040\177 ~^:?*\[]|/$)!) {
 		return undef;
 	}
-	return $input;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub is_valid_refname {
+	my $input = shift;
+
+	return undef unless defined $input;
+	# textual hashes are O.K.
+	if ($input =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	# it must be correct pathname
+	is_valid_pathname($input) or return undef;
+	# check git-check-ref-format restrictions
+	is_valid_ref_format($input) or return undef;
+	return 1;
 }
 
 # decode sequences of octets in utf8 into Perl's internal form,
@@ -1443,8 +1539,8 @@ sub validate_refname {
 sub to_utf8 {
 	my $str = shift;
 	return undef unless defined $str;
-	if (utf8::valid($str)) {
-		utf8::decode($str);
+
+	if (utf8::is_utf8($str) || utf8::decode($str)) {
 		return $str;
 	} else {
 		return decode($fallback_encoding, $str, Encode::FB_DEFAULT);
@@ -1527,7 +1623,7 @@ sub sanitize {
 	return undef unless defined $str;
 
 	$str = to_utf8($str);
-	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|($1 =~ /[\t\n\r]/ ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
+	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|(index("\t\n\r", $1) != -1 ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
 	return $str;
 }
 
@@ -1696,6 +1792,7 @@ sub chop_and_escape_str {
 	my ($str) = @_;
 
 	my $chopped = chop_str(@_);
+	$str = to_utf8($str);
 	if ($chopped eq $str) {
 		return esc_html($chopped);
 	} else {
@@ -1704,6 +1801,97 @@ sub chop_and_escape_str {
 	}
 }
 
+# Highlight selected fragments of string, using given CSS class,
+# and escape HTML.  It is assumed that fragments do not overlap.
+# Regions are passed as list of pairs (array references).
+#
+# Example: esc_html_hl_regions("foobar", "mark", [ 0, 3 ]) returns
+# '<span class="mark">foo</span>bar'
+sub esc_html_hl_regions {
+	my ($str, $css_class, @sel) = @_;
+	my %opts = grep { ref($_) ne 'ARRAY' } @sel;
+	@sel     = grep { ref($_) eq 'ARRAY' } @sel;
+	return esc_html($str, %opts) unless @sel;
+
+	my $out = '';
+	my $pos = 0;
+
+	for my $s (@sel) {
+		my ($begin, $end) = @$s;
+
+		# Don't create empty <span> elements.
+		next if $end <= $begin;
+
+		my $escaped = esc_html(substr($str, $begin, $end - $begin),
+		                       %opts);
+
+		$out .= esc_html(substr($str, $pos, $begin - $pos), %opts)
+			if ($begin - $pos > 0);
+		$out .= $cgi->span({-class => $css_class}, $escaped);
+
+		$pos = $end;
+	}
+	$out .= esc_html(substr($str, $pos), %opts)
+		if ($pos < length($str));
+
+	return $out;
+}
+
+# return positions of beginning and end of each match
+sub matchpos_list {
+	my ($str, $regexp) = @_;
+	return unless (defined $str && defined $regexp);
+
+	my @matches;
+	while ($str =~ /$regexp/g) {
+		push @matches, [$-[0], $+[0]];
+	}
+	return @matches;
+}
+
+# highlight match (if any), and escape HTML
+sub esc_html_match_hl {
+	my ($str, $regexp) = @_;
+	return esc_html($str) unless defined $regexp;
+
+	my @matches = matchpos_list($str, $regexp);
+	return esc_html($str) unless @matches;
+
+	return esc_html_hl_regions($str, 'match', @matches);
+}
+
+
+# highlight match (if any) of shortened string, and escape HTML
+sub esc_html_match_hl_chopped {
+	my ($str, $chopped, $regexp) = @_;
+	return esc_html_match_hl($str, $regexp) unless defined $chopped;
+
+	my @matches = matchpos_list($str, $regexp);
+	return esc_html($chopped) unless @matches;
+
+	# filter matches so that we mark chopped string
+	my $tail = "... "; # see chop_str
+	unless ($chopped =~ s/\Q$tail\E$//) {
+		$tail = '';
+	}
+	my $chop_len = length($chopped);
+	my $tail_len = length($tail);
+	my @filtered;
+
+	for my $m (@matches) {
+		if ($m->[0] > $chop_len) {
+			push @filtered, [ $chop_len, $chop_len + $tail_len ] if ($tail_len > 0);
+			last;
+		} elsif ($m->[1] > $chop_len) {
+			push @filtered, [ $m->[0], $chop_len + $tail_len ];
+			last;
+		}
+		push @filtered, $m;
+	}
+
+	return esc_html_hl_regions($chopped . $tail, 'match', @filtered);
+}
+
 ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 ## functions returning short strings
 
@@ -1947,7 +2135,7 @@ sub picon_url {
 	if (!$avatar_cache{$email}) {
 		my ($user, $domain) = split('@', $email);
 		$avatar_cache{$email} =
-			"http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
+			"//www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
 			"$domain/$user/" .
 			"users+domains+unknown/up/single";
 	}
@@ -1962,7 +2150,7 @@ sub gravatar_url {
 	my $email = lc shift;
 	my $size = shift;
 	$avatar_cache{$email} ||=
-		"http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
+		"//www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
 			Digest::MD5::md5_hex($email) . "?s=";
 	return $avatar_cache{$email} . $size;
 }
@@ -2319,26 +2507,32 @@ sub format_cc_diff_chunk_header {
 }
 
 # process patch (diff) line (not to be used for diff headers),
-# returning class and HTML-formatted (but not wrapped) line
-sub process_diff_line {
-	my $line = shift;
-	my ($from, $to) = @_;
-
-	my $diff_class = diff_line_class($line, $from, $to);
-
-	chomp $line;
-	$line = untabify($line);
+# returning HTML-formatted (but not wrapped) line.
+# If the line is passed as a reference, it is treated as HTML and not
+# esc_html()'ed.
+sub format_diff_line {
+	my ($line, $diff_class, $from, $to) = @_;
+
+	if (ref($line)) {
+		$line = $$line;
+	} else {
+		chomp $line;
+		$line = untabify($line);
 
-	if ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{2} /) {
-		$line = format_unidiff_chunk_header($line, $from, $to);
-		return $diff_class, $line;
+		if ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{2} /) {
+			$line = format_unidiff_chunk_header($line, $from, $to);
+		} elsif ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{3}/) {
+			$line = format_cc_diff_chunk_header($line, $from, $to);
+		} else {
+			$line = esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
+		}
+	}
 
-	} elsif ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{3}/) {
-		$line = format_cc_diff_chunk_header($line, $from, $to);
-		return $diff_class, $line;
+	my $diff_classes = "diff";
+	$diff_classes .= " $diff_class" if ($diff_class);
+	$line = "<div class=\"$diff_classes\">$line</div>\n";
 
-	}
-	return $diff_class, esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
+	return $line;
 }
 
 # Generates undef or something like "_snapshot_" or "snapshot (_tbz2_ _zip_)",
@@ -2385,19 +2579,25 @@ sub format_snapshot_links {
 sub get_feed_info {
 	my $format = shift || 'Atom';
 	my %res = (action => lc($format));
+	my $matched_ref = 0;
 
 	# feed links are possible only for project views
 	return unless (defined $project);
 	# some views should link to OPML, or to generic project feed,
 	# or don't have specific feed yet (so they should use generic)
-	return if ($action =~ /^(?:tags|heads|forks|tag|search)$/x);
-
-	my $branch;
-	# branches refs uses 'refs/heads/' prefix (fullname) to differentiate
-	# from tag links; this also makes possible to detect branch links
-	if ((defined $hash_base && $hash_base =~ m!^refs/heads/(.*)$!) ||
-	    (defined $hash      && $hash      =~ m!^refs/heads/(.*)$!)) {
-		$branch = $1;
+	return if (!$action || $action =~ /^(?:tags|heads|forks|tag|search)$/x);
+
+	my $branch = undef;
+	# branches refs uses 'refs/' + $get_branch_refs()[x] + '/' prefix
+	# (fullname) to differentiate from tag links; this also makes
+	# possible to detect branch links
+	for my $ref (get_branch_refs()) {
+		if ((defined $hash_base && $hash_base =~ m!^refs/\Q$ref\E/(.*)$!) ||
+		    (defined $hash      && $hash      =~ m!^refs/\Q$ref\E/(.*)$!)) {
+			$branch = $1;
+			$matched_ref = $ref;
+			last;
+		}
 	}
 	# find log type for feed description (title)
 	my $type = 'log';
@@ -2410,7 +2610,7 @@ sub get_feed_info {
 	}
 
 	$res{-title} = $type;
-	$res{'hash'} = (defined $branch ? "refs/heads/$branch" : undef);
+	$res{'hash'} = (defined $branch ? "refs/$matched_ref/$branch" : undef);
 	$res{'file_name'} = $file_name;
 
 	return %res;
@@ -2569,12 +2769,15 @@ sub git_get_project_config {
 	# only subsection, if exists, is case sensitive,
 	# and not lowercased by 'git config -z -l'
 	if (my ($hi, $mi, $lo) = ($key =~ /^([^.]*)\.(.*)\.([^.]*)$/)) {
+		$lo =~ s/_//g;
 		$key = join(".", lc($hi), $mi, lc($lo));
+		return if ($lo =~ /\W/ || $hi =~ /\W/);
 	} else {
 		$key = lc($key);
+		$key =~ s/_//g;
+		return if ($key =~ /\W/);
 	}
 	$key =~ s/^gitweb\.//;
-	return if ($key =~ m/\W/);
 
 	# type sanity check
 	if (defined $type) {
@@ -2764,7 +2967,7 @@ sub git_populate_project_tagcloud {
 	}
 
 	my $cloud;
-	my $matched = $cgi->param('by_tag');
+	my $matched = $input_params{'ctag'};
 	if (eval { require HTML::TagCloud; 1; }) {
 		$cloud = HTML::TagCloud->new;
 		foreach my $ctag (sort keys %ctags_lc) {
@@ -2826,19 +3029,18 @@ sub git_get_project_url_list {
 
 sub git_get_projects_list {
 	my $filter = shift || '';
+	my $paranoid = shift;
 	my @list;
 
-	$filter =~ s/\.git$//;
-
 	if (-d $projects_list) {
 		# search in directory
 		my $dir = $projects_list;
 		# remove the trailing "/"
 		$dir =~ s!/+$!!;
-		my $pfxlen = length("$projects_list");
-		my $pfxdepth = ($projects_list =~ tr!/!!);
+		my $pfxlen = length("$dir");
+		my $pfxdepth = ($dir =~ tr!/!!);
 		# when filtering, search only given subdirectory
-		if ($filter) {
+		if ($filter && !$paranoid) {
 			$dir .= "/$filter";
 			$dir =~ s!/+$!!;
 		}
@@ -2863,6 +3065,10 @@ sub git_get_projects_list {
 				}
 
 				my $path = substr($File::Find::name, $pfxlen + 1);
+				# paranoidly only filter here
+				if ($paranoid && $filter && $path !~ m!^\Q$filter\E/!) {
+					next;
+				}
 				# we check related file in $projectroot
 				if (check_export_ok("$projectroot/$path")) {
 					push @list, { path => $path };
@@ -2892,9 +3098,11 @@ sub git_get_projects_list {
 			}
 			if (check_export_ok("$projectroot/$path")) {
 				my $pr = {
-					path => $path,
-					owner => to_utf8($owner),
+					path => $path
 				};
+				if ($owner) {
+					$pr->{'owner'} = to_utf8($owner);
+				}
 				push @list, $pr;
 			}
 		}
@@ -2968,11 +3176,15 @@ sub filter_forks_from_projects_list {
 sub search_projects_list {
 	my ($projlist, %opts) = @_;
 	my $tagfilter  = $opts{'tagfilter'};
-	my $searchtext = $opts{'searchtext'};
+	my $search_re = $opts{'search_regexp'};
 
 	return @$projlist
-		unless ($tagfilter || $searchtext);
+		unless ($tagfilter || $search_re);
 
+	# searching projects require filling to be run before it;
+	fill_project_list_info($projlist,
+	                       $tagfilter  ? 'ctags' : (),
+	                       $search_re ? ('path', 'descr') : ());
 	my @projects;
  PROJECT:
 	foreach my $pr (@$projlist) {
@@ -2983,10 +3195,10 @@ sub search_projects_list {
 				grep { lc($_) eq lc($tagfilter) } keys %{$pr->{'ctags'}};
 		}
 
-		if ($searchtext) {
+		if ($search_re) {
 			next unless
-				$pr->{'path'} =~ /$searchtext/ ||
-				$pr->{'descr_long'} =~ /$searchtext/;
+				$pr->{'path'} =~ /$search_re/ ||
+				$pr->{'descr_long'} =~ /$search_re/;
 		}
 
 		push @projects, $pr;
@@ -3051,7 +3263,7 @@ sub git_get_last_activity {
 	     '--format=%(committer)',
 	     '--sort=-committerdate',
 	     '--count=1',
-	     'refs/heads') or return;
+	     map { "refs/$_" } get_branch_refs ()) or return;
 	my $most_recent = <$fd>;
 	close $fd or return;
 	if (defined $most_recent &&
@@ -3502,7 +3714,7 @@ sub parse_from_to_diffinfo {
 
 sub git_get_heads_list {
 	my ($limit, @classes) = @_;
-	@classes = ('heads') unless @classes;
+	@classes = get_branch_refs() unless @classes;
 	my @patterns = map { "refs/$_" } @classes;
 	my @headslist;
 
@@ -3520,9 +3732,16 @@ sub git_get_heads_list {
 		my ($committer, $epoch, $tz) =
 			($committerinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
 		$ref_item{'fullname'}  = $name;
-		$name =~ s!^refs/(?:head|remote)s/!!;
+		my $strip_refs = join '|', map { quotemeta } get_branch_refs();
+		$name =~ s!^refs/($strip_refs|remotes)/!!;
+		$ref_item{'name'} = $name;
+		# for refs neither in 'heads' nor 'remotes' we want to
+		# show their ref dir
+		my $ref_dir = (defined $1) ? $1 : '';
+		if ($ref_dir ne '' and $ref_dir ne 'heads' and $ref_dir ne 'remotes') {
+		    $ref_item{'name'} .= ' (' . $ref_dir . ')';
+		}
 
-		$ref_item{'name'}  = $name;
 		$ref_item{'id'}    = $hash;
 		$ref_item{'title'} = $title || '(no commit message)';
 		$ref_item{'epoch'} = $epoch;
@@ -3716,6 +3935,9 @@ sub run_highlighter {
 
 	close $fd;
 	open $fd, quote_command(git_cmd(), "cat-file", "blob", $hash)." | ".
+	          quote_command($^X, '-CO', '-MEncode=decode,FB_DEFAULT', '-pse',
+	            '$_ = decode($fe, $_, FB_DEFAULT) if !utf8::decode($_);',
+	            '--', "-fe=$fallback_encoding")." | ".
 	          quote_command($highlight_bin).
 	          " --replace-tabs=8 --fragment --syntax $syntax |"
 		or die_error(500, "Couldn't open file or run syntax highlighter");
@@ -3728,7 +3950,12 @@ sub run_highlighter {
 sub get_page_title {
 	my $title = to_utf8($site_name);
 
-	return $title unless (defined $project);
+	unless (defined $project) {
+		if (defined $project_filter) {
+			$title .= " - projects in '" . esc_path($project_filter) . "'";
+		}
+		return $title;
+	}
 	$title .= " - " . to_utf8($project);
 
 	return $title unless (defined $action);
@@ -3772,6 +3999,7 @@ sub print_feed_meta {
 				'-type' => "application/$type+xml"
 			);
 
+			$href_params{'extra_options'} = undef;
 			$href_params{'action'} = $type;
 			$link_attr{'-href'} = href(%href_params);
 			print "<link ".
@@ -3822,12 +4050,29 @@ sub print_header_links {
 	}
 }
 
+sub print_nav_breadcrumbs_path {
+	my $dirprefix = undef;
+	while (my $part = shift) {
+		$dirprefix .= "/" if defined $dirprefix;
+		$dirprefix .= $part;
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(project => undef,
+		                             project_filter => $dirprefix,
+		                             action => "project_list")},
+			      esc_html($part)) . " / ";
+	}
+}
+
 sub print_nav_breadcrumbs {
 	my %opts = @_;
 
-	print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($home_link)}, $home_link_str) . " / ";
+	for my $crumb (@extra_breadcrumbs, [ $home_link_str => $home_link ]) {
+		print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($crumb->[1])}, $crumb->[0]) . " / ";
+	}
 	if (defined $project) {
-		print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"summary")}, esc_html($project));
+		my @dirname = split '/', $project;
+		my $projectbasename = pop @dirname;
+		print_nav_breadcrumbs_path(@dirname);
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"summary")}, esc_html($projectbasename));
 		if (defined $action) {
 			my $action_print = $action ;
 			if (defined $opts{-action_extra}) {
@@ -3840,6 +4085,8 @@ sub print_nav_breadcrumbs {
 			print " / $opts{-action_extra}";
 		}
 		print "\n";
+	} elsif (defined $project_filter) {
+		print_nav_breadcrumbs_path(split '/', $project_filter);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -3860,7 +4107,7 @@ sub print_search_form {
 	if ($use_pathinfo) {
 		$action .= "/".esc_url($project);
 	}
-	print $cgi->startform(-method => "get", -action => $action) .
+	print $cgi->start_form(-method => "get", -action => $action) .
 	      "<div class=\"search\">\n" .
 	      (!$use_pathinfo &&
 	      $cgi->input({-name=>"p", -value=>$project, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n") .
@@ -3868,9 +4115,9 @@ sub print_search_form {
 	      $cgi->input({-name=>"h", -value=>$search_hash, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n" .
 	      $cgi->popup_menu(-name => 'st', -default => 'commit',
 	                       -values => ['commit', 'grep', 'author', 'committer', 'pickaxe']) .
-	      $cgi->sup($cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help")}, "?")) .
-	      " search:\n",
-	      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext) . "\n" .
+	      " " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help"),
+			     -title => "search help" }, "?") . " search:\n",
+	      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext, -override => 1) . "\n" .
 	      "<span title=\"Extended regular expression\">" .
 	      $cgi->checkbox(-name => 'sr', -value => 1, -label => 're',
 	                     -checked => $search_use_regexp) .
@@ -3962,9 +4209,11 @@ sub git_footer_html {
 		}
 
 	} else {
-		print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>undef, action=>"opml"),
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>undef, action=>"opml",
+		                             project_filter => $project_filter),
 		              -class => $feed_class}, "OPML") . " ";
-		print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>undef, action=>"project_index"),
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>undef, action=>"project_index",
+		                             project_filter => $project_filter),
 		              -class => $feed_class}, "TXT") . "\n";
 	}
 	print "</div>\n"; # class="page_footer"
@@ -4327,30 +4576,33 @@ sub git_print_log {
 	}
 
 	# print log
-	my $signoff = 0;
-	my $empty = 0;
+	my $skip_blank_line = 0;
 	foreach my $line (@$log) {
-		if ($line =~ m/^ *(signed[ \-]off[ \-]by[ :]|acked[ \-]by[ :]|cc[ :])/i) {
-			$signoff = 1;
-			$empty = 0;
+		if ($line =~ m/^\s*([A-Z][-A-Za-z]*-[Bb]y|C[Cc]): /) {
 			if (! $opts{'-remove_signoff'}) {
 				print "<span class=\"signoff\">" . esc_html($line) . "</span><br/>\n";
-				next;
-			} else {
-				# remove signoff lines
-				next;
+				$skip_blank_line = 1;
 			}
-		} else {
-			$signoff = 0;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if ($line =~ m,\s*([a-z]*link): (https?://\S+),i) {
+			if (! $opts{'-remove_signoff'}) {
+				print "<span class=\"signoff\">" . esc_html($1) . ": " .
+					"<a href=\"" . esc_html($2) . "\">" . esc_html($2) . "</a>" .
+					"</span><br/>\n";
+				$skip_blank_line = 1;
+			}
+			next;
 		}
 
 		# print only one empty line
 		# do not print empty line after signoff
 		if ($line eq "") {
-			next if ($empty || $signoff);
-			$empty = 1;
+			next if ($skip_blank_line);
+			$skip_blank_line = 1;
 		} else {
-			$empty = 0;
+			$skip_blank_line = 0;
 		}
 
 		print format_log_line_html($line) . "<br/>\n";
@@ -4358,7 +4610,7 @@ sub git_print_log {
 
 	if ($opts{'-final_empty_line'}) {
 		# end with single empty line
-		print "<br/>\n" unless $empty;
+		print "<br/>\n" unless $skip_blank_line;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -4860,10 +5112,186 @@ sub git_difftree_body {
 	print "</table>\n";
 }
 
-sub print_sidebyside_diff_chunk {
-	my @chunk = @_;
+# Print context lines and then rem/add lines in a side-by-side manner.
+sub print_sidebyside_diff_lines {
+	my ($ctx, $rem, $add) = @_;
+
+	# print context block before add/rem block
+	if (@$ctx) {
+		print join '',
+			'<div class="chunk_block ctx">',
+				'<div class="old">',
+				@$ctx,
+				'</div>',
+				'<div class="new">',
+				@$ctx,
+				'</div>',
+			'</div>';
+	}
+
+	if (!@$add) {
+		# pure removal
+		print join '',
+			'<div class="chunk_block rem">',
+				'<div class="old">',
+				@$rem,
+				'</div>',
+			'</div>';
+	} elsif (!@$rem) {
+		# pure addition
+		print join '',
+			'<div class="chunk_block add">',
+				'<div class="new">',
+				@$add,
+				'</div>',
+			'</div>';
+	} else {
+		print join '',
+			'<div class="chunk_block chg">',
+				'<div class="old">',
+				@$rem,
+				'</div>',
+				'<div class="new">',
+				@$add,
+				'</div>',
+			'</div>';
+	}
+}
+
+# Print context lines and then rem/add lines in inline manner.
+sub print_inline_diff_lines {
+	my ($ctx, $rem, $add) = @_;
+
+	print @$ctx, @$rem, @$add;
+}
+
+# Format removed and added line, mark changed part and HTML-format them.
+# Implementation is based on contrib/diff-highlight
+sub format_rem_add_lines_pair {
+	my ($rem, $add, $num_parents) = @_;
+
+	# We need to untabify lines before split()'ing them;
+	# otherwise offsets would be invalid.
+	chomp $rem;
+	chomp $add;
+	$rem = untabify($rem);
+	$add = untabify($add);
+
+	my @rem = split(//, $rem);
+	my @add = split(//, $add);
+	my ($esc_rem, $esc_add);
+	# Ignore leading +/- characters for each parent.
+	my ($prefix_len, $suffix_len) = ($num_parents, 0);
+	my ($prefix_has_nonspace, $suffix_has_nonspace);
+
+	my $shorter = (@rem < @add) ? @rem : @add;
+	while ($prefix_len < $shorter) {
+		last if ($rem[$prefix_len] ne $add[$prefix_len]);
+
+		$prefix_has_nonspace = 1 if ($rem[$prefix_len] !~ /\s/);
+		$prefix_len++;
+	}
+
+	while ($prefix_len + $suffix_len < $shorter) {
+		last if ($rem[-1 - $suffix_len] ne $add[-1 - $suffix_len]);
+
+		$suffix_has_nonspace = 1 if ($rem[-1 - $suffix_len] !~ /\s/);
+		$suffix_len++;
+	}
+
+	# Mark lines that are different from each other, but have some common
+	# part that isn't whitespace.  If lines are completely different, don't
+	# mark them because that would make output unreadable, especially if
+	# diff consists of multiple lines.
+	if ($prefix_has_nonspace || $suffix_has_nonspace) {
+		$esc_rem = esc_html_hl_regions($rem, 'marked',
+		        [$prefix_len, @rem - $suffix_len], -nbsp=>1);
+		$esc_add = esc_html_hl_regions($add, 'marked',
+		        [$prefix_len, @add - $suffix_len], -nbsp=>1);
+	} else {
+		$esc_rem = esc_html($rem, -nbsp=>1);
+		$esc_add = esc_html($add, -nbsp=>1);
+	}
+
+	return format_diff_line(\$esc_rem, 'rem'),
+	       format_diff_line(\$esc_add, 'add');
+}
+
+# HTML-format diff context, removed and added lines.
+sub format_ctx_rem_add_lines {
+	my ($ctx, $rem, $add, $num_parents) = @_;
+	my (@new_ctx, @new_rem, @new_add);
+	my $can_highlight = 0;
+	my $is_combined = ($num_parents > 1);
+
+	# Highlight if every removed line has a corresponding added line.
+	if (@$add > 0 && @$add == @$rem) {
+		$can_highlight = 1;
+
+		# Highlight lines in combined diff only if the chunk contains
+		# diff between the same version, e.g.
+		#
+		#    - a
+		#   -  b
+		#    + c
+		#   +  d
+		#
+		# Otherwise the highlightling would be confusing.
+		if ($is_combined) {
+			for (my $i = 0; $i < @$add; $i++) {
+				my $prefix_rem = substr($rem->[$i], 0, $num_parents);
+				my $prefix_add = substr($add->[$i], 0, $num_parents);
+
+				$prefix_rem =~ s/-/+/g;
+
+				if ($prefix_rem ne $prefix_add) {
+					$can_highlight = 0;
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($can_highlight) {
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < @$add; $i++) {
+			my ($line_rem, $line_add) = format_rem_add_lines_pair(
+			        $rem->[$i], $add->[$i], $num_parents);
+			push @new_rem, $line_rem;
+			push @new_add, $line_add;
+		}
+	} else {
+		@new_rem = map { format_diff_line($_, 'rem') } @$rem;
+		@new_add = map { format_diff_line($_, 'add') } @$add;
+	}
+
+	@new_ctx = map { format_diff_line($_, 'ctx') } @$ctx;
+
+	return (\@new_ctx, \@new_rem, \@new_add);
+}
+
+# Print context lines and then rem/add lines.
+sub print_diff_lines {
+	my ($ctx, $rem, $add, $diff_style, $num_parents) = @_;
+	my $is_combined = $num_parents > 1;
+
+	($ctx, $rem, $add) = format_ctx_rem_add_lines($ctx, $rem, $add,
+	        $num_parents);
+
+	if ($diff_style eq 'sidebyside' && !$is_combined) {
+		print_sidebyside_diff_lines($ctx, $rem, $add);
+	} else {
+		# default 'inline' style and unknown styles
+		print_inline_diff_lines($ctx, $rem, $add);
+	}
+}
+
+sub print_diff_chunk {
+	my ($diff_style, $num_parents, $from, $to, @chunk) = @_;
 	my (@ctx, @rem, @add);
 
+	# The class of the previous line.
+	my $prev_class = '';
+
 	return unless @chunk;
 
 	# incomplete last line might be among removed or added lines,
@@ -4882,55 +5310,19 @@ sub print_sidebyside_diff_chunk {
 
 		# print chunk headers
 		if ($class && $class eq 'chunk_header') {
-			print $line;
+			print format_diff_line($line, $class, $from, $to);
 			next;
 		}
 
-		## print from accumulator when type of class of lines change
-		# empty contents block on start rem/add block, or end of chunk
-		if (@ctx && (!$class || $class eq 'rem' || $class eq 'add')) {
-			print join '',
-				'<div class="chunk_block ctx">',
-					'<div class="old">',
-					@ctx,
-					'</div>',
-					'<div class="new">',
-					@ctx,
-					'</div>',
-				'</div>';
-			@ctx = ();
-		}
-		# empty add/rem block on start context block, or end of chunk
-		if ((@rem || @add) && (!$class || $class eq 'ctx')) {
-			if (!@add) {
-				# pure removal
-				print join '',
-					'<div class="chunk_block rem">',
-						'<div class="old">',
-						@rem,
-						'</div>',
-					'</div>';
-			} elsif (!@rem) {
-				# pure addition
-				print join '',
-					'<div class="chunk_block add">',
-						'<div class="new">',
-						@add,
-						'</div>',
-					'</div>';
-			} else {
-				# assume that it is change
-				print join '',
-					'<div class="chunk_block chg">',
-						'<div class="old">',
-						@rem,
-						'</div>',
-						'<div class="new">',
-						@add,
-						'</div>',
-					'</div>';
-			}
-			@rem = @add = ();
+		## print from accumulator when have some add/rem lines or end
+		# of chunk (flush context lines), or when have add and rem
+		# lines and new block is reached (otherwise add/rem lines could
+		# be reordered)
+		if (!$class || ((@rem || @add) && $class eq 'ctx') ||
+		    (@rem && @add && $class ne $prev_class)) {
+			print_diff_lines(\@ctx, \@rem, \@add,
+		                         $diff_style, $num_parents);
+			@ctx = @rem = @add = ();
 		}
 
 		## adding lines to accumulator
@@ -4946,6 +5338,8 @@ sub print_sidebyside_diff_chunk {
 		if ($class eq 'ctx') {
 			push @ctx, $line;
 		}
+
+		$prev_class = $class;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -5067,27 +5461,19 @@ sub git_patchset_body {
 
 			next PATCH if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff /);
 
-			my ($class, $line) = process_diff_line($patch_line, \%from, \%to);
-			my $diff_classes = "diff";
-			$diff_classes .= " $class" if ($class);
-			$line = "<div class=\"$diff_classes\">$line</div>\n";
+			my $class = diff_line_class($patch_line, \%from, \%to);
 
-			if ($diff_style eq 'sidebyside' && !$is_combined) {
-				if ($class eq 'chunk_header') {
-					print_sidebyside_diff_chunk(@chunk);
-					@chunk = ( [ $class, $line ] );
-				} else {
-					push @chunk, [ $class, $line ];
-				}
-			} else {
-				# default 'inline' style and unknown styles
-				print $line;
+			if ($class eq 'chunk_header') {
+				print_diff_chunk($diff_style, scalar @hash_parents, \%from, \%to, @chunk);
+				@chunk = ();
 			}
+
+			push @chunk, [ $class, $patch_line ];
 		}
 
 	} continue {
 		if (@chunk) {
-			print_sidebyside_diff_chunk(@chunk);
+			print_diff_chunk($diff_style, scalar @hash_parents, \%from, \%to, @chunk);
 			@chunk = ();
 		}
 		print "</div>\n"; # class="patch"
@@ -5122,35 +5508,98 @@ sub git_patchset_body {
 
 # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 
-# fills project list info (age, description, owner, category, forks)
+sub git_project_search_form {
+	my ($searchtext, $search_use_regexp) = @_;
+
+	my $limit = '';
+	if ($project_filter) {
+		$limit = " in '$project_filter/'";
+	}
+
+	print "<div class=\"projsearch\">\n";
+	print $cgi->start_form(-method => 'get', -action => $my_uri) .
+	      $cgi->hidden(-name => 'a', -value => 'project_list')  . "\n";
+	print $cgi->hidden(-name => 'pf', -value => $project_filter). "\n"
+		if (defined $project_filter);
+	print $cgi->textfield(-name => 's', -value => $searchtext,
+	                      -title => "Search project by name and description$limit",
+	                      -size => 60) . "\n" .
+	      "<span title=\"Extended regular expression\">" .
+	      $cgi->checkbox(-name => 'sr', -value => 1, -label => 're',
+	                     -checked => $search_use_regexp) .
+	      "</span>\n" .
+	      $cgi->submit(-name => 'btnS', -value => 'Search') .
+	      $cgi->end_form() . "\n" .
+	      $cgi->a({-href => href(project => undef, searchtext => undef,
+	                             project_filter => $project_filter)},
+	              esc_html("List all projects$limit")) . "<br />\n";
+	print "</div>\n";
+}
+
+# entry for given @keys needs filling if at least one of keys in list
+# is not present in %$project_info
+sub project_info_needs_filling {
+	my ($project_info, @keys) = @_;
+
+	# return List::MoreUtils::any { !exists $project_info->{$_} } @keys;
+	foreach my $key (@keys) {
+		if (!exists $project_info->{$key}) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# fills project list info (age, description, owner, category, forks, etc.)
 # for each project in the list, removing invalid projects from
-# returned list
+# returned list, or fill only specified info.
+#
+# Invalid projects are removed from the returned list if and only if you
+# ask 'age' or 'age_string' to be filled, because they are the only fields
+# that run unconditionally git command that requires repository, and
+# therefore do always check if project repository is invalid.
+#
+# USAGE:
+# * fill_project_list_info(\@project_list, 'descr_long', 'ctags')
+#   ensures that 'descr_long' and 'ctags' fields are filled
+# * @project_list = fill_project_list_info(\@project_list)
+#   ensures that all fields are filled (and invalid projects removed)
+#
 # NOTE: modifies $projlist, but does not remove entries from it
 sub fill_project_list_info {
-	my $projlist = shift;
+	my ($projlist, @wanted_keys) = @_;
 	my @projects;
+	my $filter_set = sub { return @_; };
+	if (@wanted_keys) {
+		my %wanted_keys = map { $_ => 1 } @wanted_keys;
+		$filter_set = sub { return grep { $wanted_keys{$_} } @_; };
+	}
 
 	my $show_ctags = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
  PROJECT:
 	foreach my $pr (@$projlist) {
-		my (@activity) = git_get_last_activity($pr->{'path'});
-		unless (@activity) {
-			next PROJECT;
+		if (project_info_needs_filling($pr, $filter_set->('age', 'age_string'))) {
+			my (@activity) = git_get_last_activity($pr->{'path'});
+			unless (@activity) {
+				next PROJECT;
+			}
+			($pr->{'age'}, $pr->{'age_string'}) = @activity;
 		}
-		($pr->{'age'}, $pr->{'age_string'}) = @activity;
-		if (!defined $pr->{'descr'}) {
+		if (project_info_needs_filling($pr, $filter_set->('descr', 'descr_long'))) {
 			my $descr = git_get_project_description($pr->{'path'}) || "";
 			$descr = to_utf8($descr);
 			$pr->{'descr_long'} = $descr;
 			$pr->{'descr'} = chop_str($descr, $projects_list_description_width, 5);
 		}
-		if (!defined $pr->{'owner'}) {
+		if (project_info_needs_filling($pr, $filter_set->('owner'))) {
 			$pr->{'owner'} = git_get_project_owner("$pr->{'path'}") || "";
 		}
-		if ($show_ctags) {
+		if ($show_ctags &&
+		    project_info_needs_filling($pr, $filter_set->('ctags'))) {
 			$pr->{'ctags'} = git_get_project_ctags($pr->{'path'});
 		}
-		if ($projects_list_group_categories && !defined $pr->{'category'}) {
+		if ($projects_list_group_categories &&
+		    project_info_needs_filling($pr, $filter_set->('category'))) {
 			my $cat = git_get_project_category($pr->{'path'}) ||
 			                                   $project_list_default_category;
 			$pr->{'category'} = to_utf8($cat);
@@ -5164,23 +5613,30 @@ sub fill_project_list_info {
 
 sub sort_projects_list {
 	my ($projlist, $order) = @_;
-	my @projects;
 
-	my %order_info = (
-		project => { key => 'path', type => 'str' },
-		descr => { key => 'descr_long', type => 'str' },
-		owner => { key => 'owner', type => 'str' },
-		age => { key => 'age', type => 'num' }
-	);
-	my $oi = $order_info{$order};
-	return @$projlist unless defined $oi;
-	if ($oi->{'type'} eq 'str') {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} cmp $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
-	} else {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} <=> $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
+	sub order_str {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub { $a->{$key} cmp $b->{$key} };
 	}
 
-	return @projects;
+	sub order_num_then_undef {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub {
+			defined $a->{$key} ?
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? $a->{$key} <=> $b->{$key} : -1) :
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? 1 : 0)
+		};
+	}
+
+	my %orderings = (
+		project => order_str('path'),
+		descr => order_str('descr_long'),
+		owner => order_str('owner'),
+		age => order_num_then_undef('age'),
+	);
+
+	my $ordering = $orderings{$order};
+	return defined $ordering ? sort $ordering @$projlist : @$projlist;
 }
 
 # returns a hash of categories, containing the list of project
@@ -5254,14 +5710,25 @@ sub git_project_list_rows {
 			print "</td>\n";
 		}
 		print "<td>" . $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary"),
-		                        -class => "list"}, esc_html($pr->{'path'})) . "</td>\n" .
+		                        -class => "list"},
+		                       esc_html_match_hl($pr->{'path'}, $search_regexp)) .
+		      "</td>\n" .
 		      "<td>" . $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary"),
-		                        -class => "list", -title => $pr->{'descr_long'}},
-		                        esc_html($pr->{'descr'})) . "</td>\n" .
-		      "<td><i>" . chop_and_escape_str($pr->{'owner'}, 15) . "</i></td>\n";
-		print "<td class=\"". age_class($pr->{'age'}) . "\">" .
-		      (defined $pr->{'age_string'} ? $pr->{'age_string'} : "No commits") . "</td>\n" .
-		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		                        -class => "list",
+		                        -title => $pr->{'descr_long'}},
+		                        $search_regexp
+		                        ? esc_html_match_hl_chopped($pr->{'descr_long'},
+		                                                    $pr->{'descr'}, $search_regexp)
+		                        : esc_html($pr->{'descr'})) .
+		      "</td>\n";
+		unless ($omit_owner) {
+		        print "<td><i>" . chop_and_escape_str($pr->{'owner'}, 15) . "</i></td>\n";
+		}
+		unless ($omit_age_column) {
+		        print "<td class=\"". age_class($pr->{'age'}) . "\">" .
+		            (defined $pr->{'age_string'} ? $pr->{'age_string'} : "No commits") . "</td>\n";
+		}
+		print"<td class=\"link\">" .
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary")}, "summary")   . " | " .
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"shortlog")}, "shortlog") . " | " .
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"log")}, "log") . " | " .
@@ -5279,19 +5746,23 @@ sub git_project_list_body {
 
 	my $check_forks = gitweb_check_feature('forks');
 	my $show_ctags  = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
-	my $tagfilter = $show_ctags ? $cgi->param('by_tag') : undef;
+	my $tagfilter = $show_ctags ? $input_params{'ctag'} : undef;
 	$check_forks = undef
-		if ($tagfilter || $searchtext);
+		if ($tagfilter || $search_regexp);
 
 	# filtering out forks before filling info allows to do less work
 	@projects = filter_forks_from_projects_list(\@projects)
 		if ($check_forks);
-	@projects = fill_project_list_info(\@projects);
-	# searching projects require filling to be run before it
+	# search_projects_list pre-fills required info
 	@projects = search_projects_list(\@projects,
-	                                 'searchtext' => $searchtext,
+	                                 'search_regexp' => $search_regexp,
 	                                 'tagfilter'  => $tagfilter)
-		if ($tagfilter || $searchtext);
+		if ($tagfilter || $search_regexp);
+	# fill the rest
+	my @all_fields = ('descr', 'descr_long', 'ctags', 'category');
+	push @all_fields, ('age', 'age_string') unless($omit_age_column);
+	push @all_fields, 'owner' unless($omit_owner);
+	@projects = fill_project_list_info(\@projects, @all_fields);
 
 	$order ||= $default_projects_order;
 	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
@@ -5322,8 +5793,8 @@ sub git_project_list_body {
 		}
 		print_sort_th('project', $order, 'Project');
 		print_sort_th('descr', $order, 'Description');
-		print_sort_th('owner', $order, 'Owner');
-		print_sort_th('age', $order, 'Last Change');
+		print_sort_th('owner', $order, 'Owner') unless $omit_owner;
+		print_sort_th('age', $order, 'Last Change') unless $omit_age_column;
 		print "<th></th>\n" . # for links
 		      "</tr>\n";
 	}
@@ -5567,7 +6038,7 @@ sub git_tags_body {
 
 sub git_heads_body {
 	# uses global variable $project
-	my ($headlist, $head, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
+	my ($headlist, $head_at, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
 	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
 	$to = $#{$headlist} if (!defined $to || $#{$headlist} < $to);
 
@@ -5576,7 +6047,7 @@ sub git_heads_body {
 	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
 		my $entry = $headlist->[$i];
 		my %ref = %$entry;
-		my $curr = $ref{'id'} eq $head;
+		my $curr = defined $head_at && $ref{'id'} eq $head_at;
 		if ($alternate) {
 			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
 		} else {
@@ -5835,7 +6306,7 @@ sub git_search_files {
 	my %co = @_;
 
 	local $/ = "\n";
-	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), 'grep', '-n',
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), 'grep', '-n', '-z',
 		$search_use_regexp ? ('-E', '-i') : '-F',
 		$searchtext, $co{'tree'}
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-grep failed");
@@ -5849,6 +6320,7 @@ sub git_search_files {
 	my $alternate = 1;
 	my $matches = 0;
 	my $lastfile = '';
+	my $file_href;
 	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
 		chomp $line;
 		my ($file, $lno, $ltext, $binary);
@@ -5857,7 +6329,8 @@ sub git_search_files {
 			$file = $1;
 			$binary = 1;
 		} else {
-			(undef, $file, $lno, $ltext) = split(/:/, $line, 4);
+			($file, $lno, $ltext) = split(/\0/, $line, 3);
+			$file =~ s/^$co{'tree'}://;
 		}
 		if ($file ne $lastfile) {
 			$lastfile and print "</td></tr>\n";
@@ -5866,10 +6339,10 @@ sub git_search_files {
 			} else {
 				print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
 			}
+			$file_href = href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$co{'id'},
+			                  file_name=>$file);
 			print "<td class=\"list\">".
-				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$co{'hash'},
-						       file_name=>"$file"),
-					-class => "list"}, esc_path($file));
+				$cgi->a({-href => $file_href, -class => "list"}, esc_path($file));
 			print "</td><td>\n";
 			$lastfile = $file;
 		}
@@ -5887,10 +6360,9 @@ sub git_search_files {
 				$ltext = esc_html($ltext, -nbsp=>1);
 			}
 			print "<div class=\"pre\">" .
-				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$co{'hash'},
-						       file_name=>"$file").'#l'.$lno,
-					-class => "linenr"}, sprintf('%4i', $lno))
-				. ' ' .  $ltext . "</div>\n";
+				$cgi->a({-href => $file_href.'#l'.$lno,
+				        -class => "linenr"}, sprintf('%4i', $lno)) .
+				' ' .  $ltext . "</div>\n";
 		}
 	}
 	if ($lastfile) {
@@ -5978,7 +6450,7 @@ sub git_project_list {
 		die_error(400, "Unknown order parameter");
 	}
 
-	my @list = git_get_projects_list();
+	my @list = git_get_projects_list($project_filter, $strict_export);
 	if (!@list) {
 		die_error(404, "No projects found");
 	}
@@ -5989,11 +6461,8 @@ sub git_project_list {
 		insert_file($home_text);
 		print "</div>\n";
 	}
-	print $cgi->startform(-method => "get") .
-	      "<p class=\"projsearch\">Search:\n" .
-	      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext) . "\n" .
-	      "</p>" .
-	      $cgi->end_form() . "\n";
+
+	git_project_search_form($searchtext, $search_use_regexp);
 	git_project_list_body(\@list, $order);
 	git_footer_html();
 }
@@ -6004,7 +6473,9 @@ sub git_forks {
 		die_error(400, "Unknown order parameter");
 	}
 
-	my @list = git_get_projects_list($project);
+	my $filter = $project;
+	$filter =~ s/\.git$//;
+	my @list = git_get_projects_list($filter);
 	if (!@list) {
 		die_error(404, "No forks found");
 	}
@@ -6017,7 +6488,7 @@ sub git_forks {
 }
 
 sub git_project_index {
-	my @projects = git_get_projects_list();
+	my @projects = git_get_projects_list($project_filter, $strict_export);
 	if (!@projects) {
 		die_error(404, "No projects found");
 	}
@@ -6063,7 +6534,9 @@ sub git_summary {
 
 	if ($check_forks) {
 		# find forks of a project
-		@forklist = git_get_projects_list($project);
+		my $filter = $project;
+		$filter =~ s/\.git$//;
+		@forklist = git_get_projects_list($filter);
 		# filter out forks of forks
 		@forklist = filter_forks_from_projects_list(\@forklist)
 			if (@forklist);
@@ -6074,8 +6547,10 @@ sub git_summary {
 
 	print "<div class=\"title\">&nbsp;</div>\n";
 	print "<table class=\"projects_list\">\n" .
-	      "<tr id=\"metadata_desc\"><td>description</td><td>" . esc_html($descr) . "</td></tr>\n" .
-	      "<tr id=\"metadata_owner\"><td>owner</td><td>" . esc_html($owner) . "</td></tr>\n";
+	      "<tr id=\"metadata_desc\"><td>description</td><td>" . esc_html($descr) . "</td></tr>\n";
+        if ($owner and not $omit_owner) {
+	        print  "<tr id=\"metadata_owner\"><td>owner</td><td>" . esc_html($owner) . "</td></tr>\n";
+        }
 	if (defined $cd{'rfc2822'}) {
 		print "<tr id=\"metadata_lchange\"><td>last change</td>" .
 		      "<td>".format_timestamp_html(\%cd)."</td></tr>\n";
@@ -6194,7 +6669,7 @@ sub git_tag {
 
 sub git_blame_common {
 	my $format = shift || 'porcelain';
-	if ($format eq 'porcelain' && $cgi->param('js')) {
+	if ($format eq 'porcelain' && $input_params{'javascript'}) {
 		$format = 'incremental';
 		$action = 'blame_incremental'; # for page title etc
 	}
@@ -6236,6 +6711,7 @@ sub git_blame_common {
 			$hash_base, '--', $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-blame --porcelain failed");
 	}
+	binmode $fd, ':utf8';
 
 	# incremental blame data returns early
 	if ($format eq 'data') {
@@ -6243,7 +6719,9 @@ sub git_blame_common {
 			-type=>"text/plain", -charset => "utf-8",
 			-status=> "200 OK");
 		local $| = 1; # output autoflush
-		print while <$fd>;
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			print to_utf8($line);
+		}
 		close $fd
 			or print "ERROR $!\n";
 
@@ -6623,7 +7101,7 @@ sub git_blob {
 	git_print_page_path($file_name, "blob", $hash_base);
 	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
 	if ($mimetype =~ m!^image/!) {
-		print qq!<img type="!.esc_attr($mimetype).qq!"!;
+		print qq!<img class="blob" type="!.esc_attr($mimetype).qq!"!;
 		if ($file_name) {
 			print qq! alt="!.esc_attr($file_name).qq!" title="!.esc_attr($file_name).qq!"!;
 		}
@@ -6758,6 +7236,15 @@ sub git_tree {
 	git_footer_html();
 }
 
+sub sanitize_for_filename {
+    my $name = shift;
+
+    $name =~ s!/!-!g;
+    $name =~ s/[^[:alnum:]_.-]//g;
+
+    return $name;
+}
+
 sub snapshot_name {
 	my ($project, $hash) = @_;
 
@@ -6765,9 +7252,7 @@ sub snapshot_name {
 	# path/to/project/.git -> project
 	my $name = to_utf8($project);
 	$name =~ s,([^/])/*\.git$,$1,;
-	$name = basename($name);
-	# sanitize name
-	$name =~ s/[[:cntrl:]]/?/g;
+	$name = sanitize_for_filename(basename($name));
 
 	my $ver = $hash;
 	if ($hash =~ /^[0-9a-fA-F]+$/) {
@@ -6781,13 +7266,25 @@ sub snapshot_name {
 		$ver = $1;
 	} else {
 		# branches and other need shortened SHA-1 hash
-		if ($hash =~ m!^refs/(?:heads|remotes)/(.*)$!) {
-			$ver = $1;
+		my $strip_refs = join '|', map { quotemeta } get_branch_refs();
+		if ($hash =~ m!^refs/($strip_refs|remotes)/(.*)$!) {
+			my $ref_dir = (defined $1) ? $1 : '';
+			$ver = $2;
+
+			$ref_dir = sanitize_for_filename($ref_dir);
+			# for refs neither in heads nor remotes we want to
+			# add a ref dir to archive name
+			if ($ref_dir ne '' and $ref_dir ne 'heads' and $ref_dir ne 'remotes') {
+				$ver = $ref_dir . '-' . $ver;
+			}
 		}
 		$ver .= '-' . git_get_short_hash($project, $hash);
 	}
+	# special case of sanitization for filename - we change
+	# slashes to dots instead of dashes
 	# in case of hierarchical branch names
 	$ver =~ s!/!.!g;
+	$ver =~ s/[^[:alnum:]_.-]//g;
 
 	# name = project-version_string
 	$name = "$name-$ver";
@@ -6795,6 +7292,28 @@ sub snapshot_name {
 	return wantarray ? ($name, $name) : $name;
 }
 
+sub exit_if_unmodified_since {
+	my ($latest_epoch) = @_;
+	our $cgi;
+
+	my $if_modified = $cgi->http('IF_MODIFIED_SINCE');
+	if (defined $if_modified) {
+		my $since;
+		if (eval { require HTTP::Date; 1; }) {
+			$since = HTTP::Date::str2time($if_modified);
+		} elsif (eval { require Time::ParseDate; 1; }) {
+			$since = Time::ParseDate::parsedate($if_modified, GMT => 1);
+		}
+		if (defined $since && $latest_epoch <= $since) {
+			my %latest_date = parse_date($latest_epoch);
+			print $cgi->header(
+				-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'},
+				-status => '304 Not Modified');
+			goto DONE_GITWEB;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 sub git_snapshot {
 	my $format = $input_params{'snapshot_format'};
 	if (!@snapshot_fmts) {
@@ -6821,6 +7340,10 @@ sub git_snapshot {
 
 	my ($name, $prefix) = snapshot_name($project, $hash);
 	my $filename = "$name$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'suffix'}";
+
+	my %co = parse_commit($hash);
+	exit_if_unmodified_since($co{'committer_epoch'}) if %co;
+
 	my $cmd = quote_command(
 		git_cmd(), 'archive',
 		"--format=$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'format'}",
@@ -6830,9 +7353,15 @@ sub git_snapshot {
 	}
 
 	$filename =~ s/(["\\])/\\$1/g;
+	my %latest_date;
+	if (%co) {
+		%latest_date = parse_date($co{'committer_epoch'}, $co{'committer_tz'});
+	}
+
 	print $cgi->header(
 		-type => $known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'type'},
 		-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . $filename . '"',
+		%co ? (-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'}) : (),
 		-status => '200 OK');
 
 	open my $fd, "-|", $cmd
@@ -7050,7 +7579,7 @@ sub git_object {
 			git_cmd(), 'cat-file', '-t', $object_id) . ' 2> /dev/null'
 			or die_error(404, "Object does not exist");
 		$type = <$fd>;
-		chomp $type;
+		defined $type && chomp $type;
 		close $fd
 			or die_error(404, "Object does not exist");
 
@@ -7061,7 +7590,7 @@ sub git_object {
 		system(git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-e', $hash_base) == 0
 			or die_error(404, "Base object does not exist");
 
-		# here errors should not hapen
+		# here errors should not happen
 		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $hash_base, "--", $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
 		my $line = <$fd>;
@@ -7612,33 +8141,14 @@ sub git_feed {
 	if (defined($commitlist[0])) {
 		%latest_commit = %{$commitlist[0]};
 		my $latest_epoch = $latest_commit{'committer_epoch'};
-		%latest_date   = parse_date($latest_epoch, $latest_commit{'comitter_tz'});
-		my $if_modified = $cgi->http('IF_MODIFIED_SINCE');
-		if (defined $if_modified) {
-			my $since;
-			if (eval { require HTTP::Date; 1; }) {
-				$since = HTTP::Date::str2time($if_modified);
-			} elsif (eval { require Time::ParseDate; 1; }) {
-				$since = Time::ParseDate::parsedate($if_modified, GMT => 1);
-			}
-			if (defined $since && $latest_epoch <= $since) {
-				print $cgi->header(
-					-type => $content_type,
-					-charset => 'utf-8',
-					-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'},
-					-status => '304 Not Modified');
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-		print $cgi->header(
-			-type => $content_type,
-			-charset => 'utf-8',
-			-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'});
-	} else {
-		print $cgi->header(
-			-type => $content_type,
-			-charset => 'utf-8');
+		exit_if_unmodified_since($latest_epoch);
+		%latest_date = parse_date($latest_epoch, $latest_commit{'committer_tz'});
 	}
+	print $cgi->header(
+		-type => $content_type,
+		-charset => 'utf-8',
+		%latest_date ? (-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'}) : (),
+		-status => '200 OK');
 
 	# Optimization: skip generating the body if client asks only
 	# for Last-Modified date.
@@ -7659,6 +8169,7 @@ sub git_feed {
 		$feed_type = 'history';
 	}
 	$title .= " $feed_type";
+	$title = esc_html($title);
 	my $descr = git_get_project_description($project);
 	if (defined $descr) {
 		$descr = esc_html($descr);
@@ -7852,7 +8363,7 @@ sub git_atom {
 }
 
 sub git_opml {
-	my @list = git_get_projects_list();
+	my @list = git_get_projects_list($project_filter, $strict_export);
 	if (!@list) {
 		die_error(404, "No projects found");
 	}
@@ -7862,11 +8373,18 @@ sub git_opml {
 		-charset => 'utf-8',
 		-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="opml.xml"');
 
+	my $title = esc_html($site_name);
+	my $filter = " within subdirectory ";
+	if (defined $project_filter) {
+		$filter .= esc_html($project_filter);
+	} else {
+		$filter = "";
+	}
 	print <<XML;
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <opml version="1.0">
 <head>
-  <title>$site_name OPML Export</title>
+  <title>$title OPML Export$filter</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <outline text="git RSS feeds">
diff --git a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
index c7827e8f1d..3212601032 100644
--- a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
+++ b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ img.avatar {
 	vertical-align: middle;
 }
 
+img.blob {
+	max-height: 100%;
+	max-width: 100%;
+}
+
 a.list img.avatar {
 	border-style: none;
 }
@@ -68,12 +73,13 @@ div.page_path {
 }
 
 div.page_footer {
-	height: 17px;
+	height: 22px;
 	padding: 4px 8px;
 	background-color: #d9d8d1;
 }
 
 div.page_footer_text {
+	line-height: 22px;
 	float: left;
 	color: #555555;
 	font-style: italic;
@@ -438,6 +444,10 @@ div.diff.add {
 	color: #008800;
 }
 
+div.diff.add span.marked {
+	background-color: #aaffaa;
+}
+
 div.diff.from_file a.path,
 div.diff.from_file {
 	color: #aa0000;
@@ -447,6 +457,10 @@ div.diff.rem {
 	color: #cc0000;
 }
 
+div.diff.rem span.marked {
+	background-color: #ffaaaa;
+}
+
 div.diff.chunk_header a,
 div.diff.chunk_header {
 	color: #990099;
@@ -520,8 +534,13 @@ div.search {
 	right: 12px
 }
 
-p.projsearch {
+div.projsearch {
 	text-align: center;
+	margin: 20px 0px;
+}
+
+div.projsearch form {
+	margin-bottom: 2px;
 }
 
 td.linenr {
@@ -535,8 +554,7 @@ a.linenr {
 
 a.rss_logo {
 	float: right;
-	padding: 3px 0px;
-	width: 35px;
+	padding: 3px 5px;
 	line-height: 10px;
 	border: 1px solid;
 	border-color: #fcc7a5 #7d3302 #3e1a01 #ff954e;
diff --git a/gitweb/static/js/lib/cookies.js b/gitweb/static/js/lib/cookies.js
index 72b51cd1b4..66b9a072a4 100644
--- a/gitweb/static/js/lib/cookies.js
+++ b/gitweb/static/js/lib/cookies.js
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
  *                            If a negative value is specified or a date in the past),
  *                            the cookie will be deleted.
  *                            If set to null or omitted, the cookie will be a session cookie
- *                            and will not be retained when the the browser exits.
+ *                            and will not be retained when the browser exits.
  * @param {String} [options.path] Restrict access of a cookie to particular directory
  *                               (default: path of page that created the cookie).
  * @param {String} [options.domain] Override what web sites are allowed to access cookie
diff --git a/gpg-interface.c b/gpg-interface.c
index ff232c8c5d..08356f92e7 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.c
+++ b/gpg-interface.c
@@ -3,8 +3,118 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
 
 static char *configured_signing_key;
+static const char *gpg_program = "gpg";
+
+#define PGP_SIGNATURE "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----"
+#define PGP_MESSAGE "-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----"
+
+void signature_check_clear(struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	free(sigc->payload);
+	free(sigc->gpg_output);
+	free(sigc->gpg_status);
+	free(sigc->signer);
+	free(sigc->key);
+	sigc->payload = NULL;
+	sigc->gpg_output = NULL;
+	sigc->gpg_status = NULL;
+	sigc->signer = NULL;
+	sigc->key = NULL;
+}
+
+static struct {
+	char result;
+	const char *check;
+} sigcheck_gpg_status[] = {
+	{ 'G', "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG " },
+	{ 'B', "\n[GNUPG:] BADSIG " },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_NEVER" },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_UNDEFINED" },
+};
+
+void parse_gpg_output(struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	const char *buf = sigc->gpg_status;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Iterate over all search strings */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sigcheck_gpg_status); i++) {
+		const char *found, *next;
+
+		if (!skip_prefix(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1, &found)) {
+			found = strstr(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+			if (!found)
+				continue;
+			found += strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+		}
+		sigc->result = sigcheck_gpg_status[i].result;
+		/* The trust messages are not followed by key/signer information */
+		if (sigc->result != 'U') {
+			sigc->key = xmemdupz(found, 16);
+			found += 17;
+			next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
+			sigc->signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int check_signature(const char *payload, size_t plen, const char *signature,
+	size_t slen, struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status;
+
+	sigc->result = 'N';
+
+	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload, plen, signature, slen,
+				      &gpg_output, &gpg_status);
+	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
+		goto out;
+	sigc->payload = xmemdupz(payload, plen);
+	sigc->gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
+	sigc->gpg_status = strbuf_detach(&gpg_status, NULL);
+	parse_gpg_output(sigc);
+
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_status);
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
+
+	return sigc->result != 'G' && sigc->result != 'U';
+}
+
+void print_signature_buffer(const struct signature_check *sigc, unsigned flags)
+{
+	const char *output = flags & GPG_VERIFY_RAW ?
+		sigc->gpg_status : sigc->gpg_output;
+
+	if (flags & GPG_VERIFY_VERBOSE && sigc->payload)
+		fputs(sigc->payload, stdout);
+
+	if (output)
+		fputs(output, stderr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look at GPG signed content (e.g. a signed tag object), whose
+ * payload is followed by a detached signature on it.  Return the
+ * offset where the embedded detached signature begins, or the end of
+ * the data when there is no such signature.
+ */
+size_t parse_signature(const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	char *eol;
+	size_t len = 0;
+	while (len < size && !starts_with(buf + len, PGP_SIGNATURE) &&
+			!starts_with(buf + len, PGP_MESSAGE)) {
+		eol = memchr(buf + len, '\n', size - len);
+		len += eol ? eol - (buf + len) + 1 : size - len;
+	}
+	return len;
+}
 
 void set_signing_key(const char *key)
 {
@@ -15,9 +125,12 @@ void set_signing_key(const char *key)
 int git_gpg_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "user.signingkey")) {
+		set_signing_key(value);
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "gpg.program")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		set_signing_key(value);
+		gpg_program = xstrdup(value);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -26,7 +139,7 @@ const char *get_signing_key(void)
 {
 	if (configured_signing_key)
 		return configured_signing_key;
-	return git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME|IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	return git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT|IDENT_NO_DATE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -37,44 +150,31 @@ const char *get_signing_key(void)
  */
 int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *signing_key)
 {
-	struct child_process gpg;
-	const char *args[4];
-	ssize_t len;
+	struct child_process gpg = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int ret;
 	size_t i, j, bottom;
+	struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
-	gpg.argv = args;
-	gpg.in = -1;
-	gpg.out = -1;
-	args[0] = "gpg";
-	args[1] = "-bsau";
-	args[2] = signing_key;
-	args[3] = NULL;
+	argv_array_pushl(&gpg.args,
+			 gpg_program,
+			 "--status-fd=2",
+			 "-bsau", signing_key,
+			 NULL);
 
-	if (start_command(&gpg))
-		return error(_("could not run gpg."));
+	bottom = signature->len;
 
 	/*
 	 * When the username signingkey is bad, program could be terminated
 	 * because gpg exits without reading and then write gets SIGPIPE.
 	 */
 	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
-
-	if (write_in_full(gpg.in, buffer->buf, buffer->len) != buffer->len) {
-		close(gpg.in);
-		close(gpg.out);
-		finish_command(&gpg);
-		return error(_("gpg did not accept the data"));
-	}
-	close(gpg.in);
-
-	bottom = signature->len;
-	len = strbuf_read(signature, gpg.out, 1024);
-	close(gpg.out);
-
+	ret = pipe_command(&gpg, buffer->buf, buffer->len,
+			   signature, 1024, &gpg_status, 0);
 	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 
-	if (finish_command(&gpg) || !len || len < 0)
+	ret |= !strstr(gpg_status.buf, "\n[GNUPG:] SIG_CREATED ");
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_status);
+	if (ret)
 		return error(_("gpg failed to sign the data"));
 
 	/* Strip CR from the line endings, in case we are on Windows. */
@@ -91,48 +191,47 @@ int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *sig
 
 /*
  * Run "gpg" to see if the payload matches the detached signature.
- * gpg_output_to tells where the output from "gpg" should go:
- *   < 0: /dev/null
- *   = 0: standard error of the calling process
- *   > 0: the specified file descriptor
+ * gpg_output, when set, receives the diagnostic output from GPG.
+ * gpg_status, when set, receives the status output from GPG.
  */
 int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size,
 			 const char *signature, size_t signature_size,
-			 struct strbuf *gpg_output)
+			 struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status)
 {
-	struct child_process gpg;
-	const char *args_gpg[] = {"gpg", "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct child_process gpg = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	static struct tempfile temp;
 	int fd, ret;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	fd = git_mkstemp(path, PATH_MAX, ".git_vtag_tmpXXXXXX");
+	fd = mks_tempfile_t(&temp, ".git_vtag_tmpXXXXXX");
 	if (fd < 0)
-		return error("could not create temporary file '%s': %s",
-			     path, strerror(errno));
-	if (write_in_full(fd, signature, signature_size) < 0)
-		return error("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s",
-			     path, strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno(_("could not create temporary file"));
+	if (write_in_full(fd, signature, signature_size) < 0) {
+		error_errno(_("failed writing detached signature to '%s'"),
+			    temp.filename.buf);
+		delete_tempfile(&temp);
+		return -1;
+	}
 	close(fd);
 
-	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
-	gpg.argv = args_gpg;
-	gpg.in = -1;
-	if (gpg_output)
-		gpg.err = -1;
-	args_gpg[2] = path;
-	if (start_command(&gpg)) {
-		unlink(path);
-		return error("could not run gpg.");
-	}
+	argv_array_pushl(&gpg.args,
+			 gpg_program,
+			 "--status-fd=1",
+			 "--verify", temp.filename.buf, "-",
+			 NULL);
+
+	if (!gpg_status)
+		gpg_status = &buf;
 
-	write_in_full(gpg.in, payload, payload_size);
-	close(gpg.in);
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+	ret = pipe_command(&gpg, payload, payload_size,
+			   gpg_status, 0, gpg_output, 0);
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 
-	if (gpg_output)
-		strbuf_read(gpg_output, gpg.err, 0);
-	ret = finish_command(&gpg);
+	delete_tempfile(&temp);
 
-	unlink_or_warn(path);
+	ret |= !strstr(gpg_status->buf, "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG ");
+	strbuf_release(&buf); /* no matter it was used or not */
 
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/gpg-interface.h b/gpg-interface.h
index b9c36088ce..ea68885ad5 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.h
+++ b/gpg-interface.h
@@ -1,10 +1,37 @@
 #ifndef GPG_INTERFACE_H
 #define GPG_INTERFACE_H
 
+#define GPG_VERIFY_VERBOSE	1
+#define GPG_VERIFY_RAW		2
+
+struct signature_check {
+	char *payload;
+	char *gpg_output;
+	char *gpg_status;
+
+	/*
+	 * possible "result":
+	 * 0 (not checked)
+	 * N (checked but no further result)
+	 * U (untrusted good)
+	 * G (good)
+	 * B (bad)
+	 */
+	char result;
+	char *signer;
+	char *key;
+};
+
+extern void signature_check_clear(struct signature_check *sigc);
+extern size_t parse_signature(const char *buf, unsigned long size);
+extern void parse_gpg_output(struct signature_check *);
 extern int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *signing_key);
-extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output);
+extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status);
 extern int git_gpg_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern void set_signing_key(const char *);
 extern const char *get_signing_key(void);
+extern int check_signature(const char *payload, size_t plen,
+	const char *signature, size_t slen, struct signature_check *sigc);
+void print_signature_buffer(const struct signature_check *sigc, unsigned flags);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/graph.c b/graph.c
index 7358416a72..ad766facad 100644
--- a/graph.c
+++ b/graph.c
@@ -194,8 +194,10 @@ static struct strbuf *diff_output_prefix_callback(struct diff_options *opt, void
 	struct git_graph *graph = data;
 	static struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	assert(opt);
 	assert(graph);
 
+	opt->output_prefix_length = graph->width;
 	strbuf_reset(&msgbuf);
 	graph_padding_line(graph, &msgbuf);
 	return &msgbuf;
@@ -232,12 +234,10 @@ struct git_graph *graph_init(struct rev_info *opt)
 	 * We'll automatically grow columns later if we need more room.
 	 */
 	graph->column_capacity = 30;
-	graph->columns = xmalloc(sizeof(struct column) *
-				 graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->new_columns = xmalloc(sizeof(struct column) *
-				     graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->mapping = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->new_mapping = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(graph->columns, graph->column_capacity);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(graph->new_columns, graph->column_capacity);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(graph->mapping, 2 * graph->column_capacity);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(graph->new_mapping, 2 * graph->column_capacity);
 
 	/*
 	 * The diff output prefix callback, with this we can make
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ struct git_graph *graph_init(struct rev_info *opt)
 	 */
 	opt->diffopt.output_prefix = diff_output_prefix_callback;
 	opt->diffopt.output_prefix_data = graph;
+	opt->diffopt.output_prefix_length = 0;
 
 	return graph;
 }
@@ -264,16 +265,10 @@ static void graph_ensure_capacity(struct git_graph *graph, int num_columns)
 		graph->column_capacity *= 2;
 	} while (graph->column_capacity < num_columns);
 
-	graph->columns = xrealloc(graph->columns,
-				  sizeof(struct column) *
-				  graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->new_columns = xrealloc(graph->new_columns,
-				      sizeof(struct column) *
-				      graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->mapping = xrealloc(graph->mapping,
-				  sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->new_mapping = xrealloc(graph->new_mapping,
-				      sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(graph->columns, graph->column_capacity);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(graph->new_columns, graph->column_capacity);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(graph->mapping, graph->column_capacity * 2);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(graph->new_mapping, graph->column_capacity * 2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -674,6 +669,13 @@ static void graph_output_padding_line(struct git_graph *graph,
 	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, graph->num_new_columns * 2);
 }
 
+
+int graph_width(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	return graph->width;
+}
+
+
 static void graph_output_skip_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	/*
@@ -798,10 +800,10 @@ static int graph_draw_octopus_merge(struct git_graph *graph,
 	int num_dashes =
 		((graph->num_parents - dashless_commits) * 2) - 1;
 	for (i = 0; i < num_dashes; i++) {
-		col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits;
+		col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits + graph->commit_index;
 		strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[col_num], '-');
 	}
-	col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits;
+	col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits + graph->commit_index;
 	strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[col_num], '.');
 	return num_dashes + 1;
 }
@@ -1142,7 +1144,7 @@ int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 
 static void graph_padding_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	int i, j;
+	int i;
 
 	if (graph->state != GRAPH_COMMIT) {
 		graph_next_line(graph, sb);
@@ -1158,21 +1160,11 @@ static void graph_padding_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_columns; i++) {
 		struct column *col = &graph->columns[i];
-		struct commit *col_commit = col->commit;
-		if (col_commit == graph->commit) {
-			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
-
-			if (graph->num_parents < 3)
-				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-			else {
-				int num_spaces = ((graph->num_parents - 2) * 2);
-				for (j = 0; j < num_spaces; j++)
-					strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-			}
-		} else {
-			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+		strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+		if (col->commit == graph->commit && graph->num_parents > 2)
+			strbuf_addchars(sb, ' ', (graph->num_parents - 2) * 2);
+		else
 			strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-		}
 	}
 
 	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, graph->num_columns);
@@ -1196,7 +1188,17 @@ void graph_show_commit(struct git_graph *graph)
 	if (!graph)
 		return;
 
-	while (!shown_commit_line) {
+	/*
+	 * When showing a diff of a merge against each of its parents, we
+	 * are called once for each parent without graph_update having been
+	 * called.  In this case, simply output a single padding line.
+	 */
+	if (graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
+		graph_show_padding(graph);
+		shown_commit_line = 1;
+	}
+
+	while (!shown_commit_line && !graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
 		shown_commit_line = graph_next_line(graph, &msgbuf);
 		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
 		if (!shown_commit_line)
diff --git a/graph.h b/graph.h
index aff960c7e8..3f48c19b62 100644
--- a/graph.h
+++ b/graph.h
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ struct git_graph;
  * The 'colors_max' argument is the index of the last "reset" entry.
  *
  * This functions must be called BEFORE graph_init() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to use HTML for colors.
  */
 void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max);
 
@@ -57,11 +60,19 @@ int graph_is_commit_finished(struct git_graph const *graph);
  * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
  * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
  * graph_update() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to wrap HTML around graph lines.
  */
 int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
 
 
 /*
+ * Return current width of the graph in on-screen characters.
+ */
+int graph_width(struct git_graph *graph);
+
+/*
  * graph_show_*: helper functions for printing to stdout
  */
 
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
index 486230b511..1e15b6292d 100644
--- a/grep.c
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -2,19 +2,267 @@
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
 
-void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_header_field field, const char *pat)
+static int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs);
+static int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs);
+
+static struct grep_opt grep_defaults;
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the grep_defaults template with hardcoded defaults.
+ * We could let the compiler do this, but without C99 initializers
+ * the code gets unwieldy and unreadable, so...
+ */
+void init_grep_defaults(void)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *opt = &grep_defaults;
+	static int run_once;
+
+	if (run_once)
+		return;
+	run_once++;
+
+	memset(opt, 0, sizeof(*opt));
+	opt->relative = 1;
+	opt->pathname = 1;
+	opt->regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
+	opt->max_depth = -1;
+	opt->pattern_type_option = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
+	opt->extended_regexp_option = 0;
+	color_set(opt->color_context, "");
+	color_set(opt->color_filename, "");
+	color_set(opt->color_function, "");
+	color_set(opt->color_lineno, "");
+	color_set(opt->color_match_context, GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED);
+	color_set(opt->color_match_selected, GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED);
+	color_set(opt->color_selected, "");
+	color_set(opt->color_sep, GIT_COLOR_CYAN);
+	opt->color = -1;
+}
+
+static int parse_pattern_type_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "default"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "basic"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "extended"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "fixed"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "perl"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE;
+	die("bad %s argument: %s", opt, arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the configuration file once and store it in
+ * the grep_defaults template.
+ */
+int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *opt = &grep_defaults;
+	char *color = NULL;
+
+	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.extendedregexp")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
+			opt->extended_regexp_option = 1;
+		else
+			opt->extended_regexp_option = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.patterntype")) {
+		opt->pattern_type_option = parse_pattern_type_arg(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.linenumber")) {
+		opt->linenum = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.fullname")) {
+		opt->relative = !git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep"))
+		opt->color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.context"))
+		color = opt->color_context;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.filename"))
+		color = opt->color_filename;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.function"))
+		color = opt->color_function;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.linenumber"))
+		color = opt->color_lineno;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.matchcontext"))
+		color = opt->color_match_context;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.matchselected"))
+		color = opt->color_match_selected;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.selected"))
+		color = opt->color_selected;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.separator"))
+		color = opt->color_sep;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.match")) {
+		int rc = 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		rc |= color_parse(value, opt->color_match_context);
+		rc |= color_parse(value, opt->color_match_selected);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	if (color) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		return color_parse(value, color);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize one instance of grep_opt and copy the
+ * default values from the template we read the configuration
+ * information in an earlier call to git_config(grep_config).
+ */
+void grep_init(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *def = &grep_defaults;
+
+	memset(opt, 0, sizeof(*opt));
+	opt->prefix = prefix;
+	opt->prefix_length = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	opt->pattern_tail = &opt->pattern_list;
+	opt->header_tail = &opt->header_list;
+
+	opt->color = def->color;
+	opt->extended_regexp_option = def->extended_regexp_option;
+	opt->pattern_type_option = def->pattern_type_option;
+	opt->linenum = def->linenum;
+	opt->max_depth = def->max_depth;
+	opt->pathname = def->pathname;
+	opt->regflags = def->regflags;
+	opt->relative = def->relative;
+
+	color_set(opt->color_context, def->color_context);
+	color_set(opt->color_filename, def->color_filename);
+	color_set(opt->color_function, def->color_function);
+	color_set(opt->color_lineno, def->color_lineno);
+	color_set(opt->color_match_context, def->color_match_context);
+	color_set(opt->color_match_selected, def->color_match_selected);
+	color_set(opt->color_selected, def->color_selected);
+	color_set(opt->color_sep, def->color_sep);
+}
+
+void grep_commit_pattern_type(enum grep_pattern_type pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	if (pattern_type != GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(pattern_type, opt);
+	else if (opt->pattern_type_option != GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(opt->pattern_type_option, opt);
+	else if (opt->extended_regexp_option)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE, opt);
+}
+
+void grep_set_pattern_type_option(enum grep_pattern_type pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	switch (pattern_type) {
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED:
+		/* fall through */
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED:
+		opt->fixed = 1;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 1;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct grep_pat *create_grep_pat(const char *pat, size_t patlen,
+					const char *origin, int no,
+					enum grep_pat_token t,
+					enum grep_header_field field)
 {
 	struct grep_pat *p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
-	p->pattern = pat;
-	p->patternlen = strlen(pat);
-	p->origin = "header";
-	p->no = 0;
-	p->token = GREP_PATTERN_HEAD;
+	p->pattern = xmemdupz(pat, patlen);
+	p->patternlen = patlen;
+	p->origin = origin;
+	p->no = no;
+	p->token = t;
 	p->field = field;
-	*opt->header_tail = p;
-	opt->header_tail = &p->next;
+	return p;
+}
+
+static void do_append_grep_pat(struct grep_pat ***tail, struct grep_pat *p)
+{
+	**tail = p;
+	*tail = &p->next;
 	p->next = NULL;
+
+	switch (p->token) {
+	case GREP_PATTERN: /* atom */
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+		for (;;) {
+			struct grep_pat *new_pat;
+			size_t len = 0;
+			char *cp = p->pattern + p->patternlen, *nl = NULL;
+			while (++len <= p->patternlen) {
+				if (*(--cp) == '\n') {
+					nl = cp;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (!nl)
+				break;
+			new_pat = create_grep_pat(nl + 1, len - 1, p->origin,
+						  p->no, p->token, p->field);
+			new_pat->next = p->next;
+			if (!p->next)
+				*tail = &new_pat->next;
+			p->next = new_pat;
+			*nl = '\0';
+			p->patternlen -= len;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt,
+				enum grep_header_field field, const char *pat)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p = create_grep_pat(pat, strlen(pat), "header", 0,
+					     GREP_PATTERN_HEAD, field);
+	if (field == GREP_HEADER_REFLOG)
+		opt->use_reflog_filter = 1;
+	do_append_grep_pat(&opt->header_tail, p);
 }
 
 void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat,
@@ -26,15 +274,8 @@ void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat,
 void append_grep_pat(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, size_t patlen,
 		     const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t)
 {
-	struct grep_pat *p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
-	p->pattern = pat;
-	p->patternlen = patlen;
-	p->origin = origin;
-	p->no = no;
-	p->token = t;
-	*opt->pattern_tail = p;
-	opt->pattern_tail = &p->next;
-	p->next = NULL;
+	struct grep_pat *p = create_grep_pat(pat, patlen, origin, no, t, 0);
+	do_append_grep_pat(&opt->pattern_tail, p);
 }
 
 struct grep_opt *grep_opt_dup(const struct grep_opt *opt)
@@ -65,9 +306,9 @@ static NORETURN void compile_regexp_failed(const struct grep_pat *p,
 	char where[1024];
 
 	if (p->no)
-		sprintf(where, "In '%s' at %d, ", p->origin, p->no);
+		xsnprintf(where, sizeof(where), "In '%s' at %d, ", p->origin, p->no);
 	else if (p->origin)
-		sprintf(where, "%s, ", p->origin);
+		xsnprintf(where, sizeof(where), "%s, ", p->origin);
 	else
 		where[0] = 0;
 
@@ -79,7 +320,7 @@ static void compile_pcre_regexp(struct grep_pat *p, const struct grep_opt *opt)
 {
 	const char *error;
 	int erroffset;
-	int options = 0;
+	int options = PCRE_MULTILINE;
 
 	if (opt->ignore_case)
 		options |= PCRE_CASELESS;
@@ -168,15 +409,10 @@ static void compile_regexp(struct grep_pat *p, struct grep_opt *opt)
 		p->fixed = 0;
 
 	if (p->fixed) {
-		if (opt->regflags & REG_ICASE || p->ignore_case) {
-			static char trans[256];
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-				trans[i] = tolower(i);
-			p->kws = kwsalloc(trans);
-		} else {
+		if (opt->regflags & REG_ICASE || p->ignore_case)
+			p->kws = kwsalloc(tolower_trans_tbl);
+		else
 			p->kws = kwsalloc(NULL);
-		}
 		kwsincr(p->kws, p->pattern, p->patternlen);
 		kwsprep(p->kws);
 		return;
@@ -298,6 +534,87 @@ static struct grep_expr *compile_pattern_expr(struct grep_pat **list)
 	return compile_pattern_or(list);
 }
 
+static void indent(int in)
+{
+	while (in-- > 0)
+		fputc(' ', stderr);
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_pat(struct grep_pat *p)
+{
+	switch (p->token) {
+	case GREP_AND: fprintf(stderr, "*and*"); break;
+	case GREP_OPEN_PAREN: fprintf(stderr, "*(*"); break;
+	case GREP_CLOSE_PAREN: fprintf(stderr, "*)*"); break;
+	case GREP_NOT: fprintf(stderr, "*not*"); break;
+	case GREP_OR: fprintf(stderr, "*or*"); break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN: fprintf(stderr, "pattern"); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD: fprintf(stderr, "pattern_head"); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY: fprintf(stderr, "pattern_body"); break;
+	}
+
+	switch (p->token) {
+	default: break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+		fprintf(stderr, "<head %d>", p->field); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+		fprintf(stderr, "<body>"); break;
+	}
+	switch (p->token) {
+	default: break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+	case GREP_PATTERN:
+		fprintf(stderr, "%.*s", (int)p->patternlen, p->pattern);
+		break;
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stderr);
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_expression_1(struct grep_expr *x, int in)
+{
+	indent(in);
+	switch (x->node) {
+	case GREP_NODE_TRUE:
+		fprintf(stderr, "true\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_ATOM:
+		dump_grep_pat(x->u.atom);
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_NOT:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(not\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.unary, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_AND:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(and\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.left, in+1);
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.right, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_OR:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(or\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.left, in+1);
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.right, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_expression(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *x = opt->pattern_expression;
+
+	if (opt->all_match)
+		fprintf(stderr, "[all-match]\n");
+	dump_grep_expression_1(x, 0);
+	fflush(NULL);
+}
+
 static struct grep_expr *grep_true_expr(void)
 {
 	struct grep_expr *z = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*z));
@@ -323,11 +640,12 @@ static struct grep_expr *prep_header_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 
 	if (!opt->header_list)
 		return NULL;
-	p = opt->header_list;
+
 	for (p = opt->header_list; p; p = p->next) {
 		if (p->token != GREP_PATTERN_HEAD)
 			die("bug: a non-header pattern in grep header list.");
-		if (p->field < 0 || GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
+		if (p->field < GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN ||
+		    GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
 			die("bug: unknown header field %d", p->field);
 		compile_regexp(p, opt);
 	}
@@ -361,7 +679,23 @@ static struct grep_expr *prep_header_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 	return header_expr;
 }
 
-void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+static struct grep_expr *grep_splice_or(struct grep_expr *x, struct grep_expr *y)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *z = x;
+
+	while (x) {
+		assert(x->node == GREP_NODE_OR);
+		if (x->u.binary.right &&
+		    x->u.binary.right->node == GREP_NODE_TRUE) {
+			x->u.binary.right = y;
+			break;
+		}
+		x = x->u.binary.right;
+	}
+	return z;
+}
+
+static void compile_grep_patterns_real(struct grep_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct grep_pat *p;
 	struct grep_expr *header_expr = prep_header_patterns(opt);
@@ -381,7 +715,7 @@ void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 
 	if (opt->all_match || header_expr)
 		opt->extended = 1;
-	else if (!opt->extended)
+	else if (!opt->extended && !opt->debug)
 		return;
 
 	p = opt->pattern_list;
@@ -395,12 +729,22 @@ void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 
 	if (!opt->pattern_expression)
 		opt->pattern_expression = header_expr;
+	else if (opt->all_match)
+		opt->pattern_expression = grep_splice_or(header_expr,
+							 opt->pattern_expression);
 	else
 		opt->pattern_expression = grep_or_expr(opt->pattern_expression,
 						       header_expr);
 	opt->all_match = 1;
 }
 
+void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	compile_grep_patterns_real(opt);
+	if (opt->debug)
+		dump_grep_expression(opt);
+}
+
 static void free_pattern_expr(struct grep_expr *x)
 {
 	switch (x->node) {
@@ -435,6 +779,7 @@ void free_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 				free_pcre_regexp(p);
 			else
 				regfree(&p->regexp);
+			free(p->pattern);
 			break;
 		default:
 			break;
@@ -551,6 +896,7 @@ static struct {
 } header_field[] = {
 	{ "author ", 7 },
 	{ "committer ", 10 },
+	{ "reflog ", 7 },
 };
 
 static int match_one_pattern(struct grep_pat *p, char *bol, char *eol,
@@ -574,7 +920,14 @@ static int match_one_pattern(struct grep_pat *p, char *bol, char *eol,
 		if (strncmp(bol, field, len))
 			return 0;
 		bol += len;
-		saved_ch = strip_timestamp(bol, &eol);
+		switch (p->field) {
+		case GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR:
+		case GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER:
+			saved_ch = strip_timestamp(bol, &eol);
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
 	}
 
  again:
@@ -743,7 +1096,7 @@ static void show_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
 		      const char *name, unsigned lno, char sign)
 {
 	int rest = eol - bol;
-	char *line_color = NULL;
+	const char *match_color, *line_color = NULL;
 
 	if (opt->file_break && opt->last_shown == 0) {
 		if (opt->show_hunk_mark)
@@ -782,6 +1135,10 @@ static void show_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
 		int eflags = 0;
 
 		if (sign == ':')
+			match_color = opt->color_match_selected;
+		else
+			match_color = opt->color_match_context;
+		if (sign == ':')
 			line_color = opt->color_selected;
 		else if (sign == '-')
 			line_color = opt->color_context;
@@ -794,8 +1151,7 @@ static void show_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
 
 			output_color(opt, bol, match.rm_so, line_color);
 			output_color(opt, bol + match.rm_so,
-				     match.rm_eo - match.rm_so,
-				     opt->color_match);
+				     match.rm_eo - match.rm_so, match_color);
 			bol += match.rm_eo;
 			rest -= match.rm_eo;
 			eflags = REG_NOTBOL;
@@ -807,38 +1163,43 @@ static void show_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
 }
 
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+int grep_use_locks;
+
 /*
  * This lock protects access to the gitattributes machinery, which is
  * not thread-safe.
  */
 pthread_mutex_t grep_attr_mutex;
 
-static inline void grep_attr_lock(struct grep_opt *opt)
+static inline void grep_attr_lock(void)
 {
-	if (opt->use_threads)
+	if (grep_use_locks)
 		pthread_mutex_lock(&grep_attr_mutex);
 }
 
-static inline void grep_attr_unlock(struct grep_opt *opt)
+static inline void grep_attr_unlock(void)
 {
-	if (opt->use_threads)
+	if (grep_use_locks)
 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&grep_attr_mutex);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Same as git_attr_mutex, but protecting the thread-unsafe object db access.
+ */
+pthread_mutex_t grep_read_mutex;
+
 #else
-#define grep_attr_lock(opt)
-#define grep_attr_unlock(opt)
+#define grep_attr_lock()
+#define grep_attr_unlock()
 #endif
 
-static int match_funcname(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *bol, char *eol)
+static int match_funcname(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, char *bol, char *eol)
 {
 	xdemitconf_t *xecfg = opt->priv;
 	if (xecfg && !xecfg->find_func) {
-		struct userdiff_driver *drv;
-		grep_attr_lock(opt);
-		drv = userdiff_find_by_path(name);
-		grep_attr_unlock(opt);
-		if (drv && drv->funcname.pattern) {
-			const struct userdiff_funcname *pe = &drv->funcname;
+		grep_source_load_driver(gs);
+		if (gs->driver->funcname.pattern) {
+			const struct userdiff_funcname *pe = &gs->driver->funcname;
 			xdiff_set_find_func(xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
 		} else {
 			xecfg = opt->priv = NULL;
@@ -858,33 +1219,33 @@ static int match_funcname(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *bol, cha
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void show_funcname_line(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
-			       char *buf, char *bol, unsigned lno)
+static void show_funcname_line(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs,
+			       char *bol, unsigned lno)
 {
-	while (bol > buf) {
+	while (bol > gs->buf) {
 		char *eol = --bol;
 
-		while (bol > buf && bol[-1] != '\n')
+		while (bol > gs->buf && bol[-1] != '\n')
 			bol--;
 		lno--;
 
 		if (lno <= opt->last_shown)
 			break;
 
-		if (match_funcname(opt, name, bol, eol)) {
-			show_line(opt, bol, eol, name, lno, '=');
+		if (match_funcname(opt, gs, bol, eol)) {
+			show_line(opt, bol, eol, gs->name, lno, '=');
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-static void show_pre_context(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf,
+static void show_pre_context(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs,
 			     char *bol, char *end, unsigned lno)
 {
 	unsigned cur = lno, from = 1, funcname_lno = 0;
 	int funcname_needed = !!opt->funcname;
 
-	if (opt->funcbody && !match_funcname(opt, name, bol, end))
+	if (opt->funcbody && !match_funcname(opt, gs, bol, end))
 		funcname_needed = 2;
 
 	if (opt->pre_context < lno)
@@ -893,14 +1254,14 @@ static void show_pre_context(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf,
 		from = opt->last_shown + 1;
 
 	/* Rewind. */
-	while (bol > buf &&
+	while (bol > gs->buf &&
 	       cur > (funcname_needed == 2 ? opt->last_shown + 1 : from)) {
 		char *eol = --bol;
 
-		while (bol > buf && bol[-1] != '\n')
+		while (bol > gs->buf && bol[-1] != '\n')
 			bol--;
 		cur--;
-		if (funcname_needed && match_funcname(opt, name, bol, eol)) {
+		if (funcname_needed && match_funcname(opt, gs, bol, eol)) {
 			funcname_lno = cur;
 			funcname_needed = 0;
 		}
@@ -908,7 +1269,7 @@ static void show_pre_context(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf,
 
 	/* We need to look even further back to find a function signature. */
 	if (opt->funcname && funcname_needed)
-		show_funcname_line(opt, name, buf, bol, cur);
+		show_funcname_line(opt, gs, bol, cur);
 
 	/* Back forward. */
 	while (cur < lno) {
@@ -916,7 +1277,7 @@ static void show_pre_context(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf,
 
 		while (*eol != '\n')
 			eol++;
-		show_line(opt, bol, eol, name, cur, sign);
+		show_line(opt, bol, eol, gs->name, cur, sign);
 		bol = eol + 1;
 		cur++;
 	}
@@ -983,17 +1344,77 @@ static void std_output(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *buf, size_t size)
 	fwrite(buf, size, 1, stdout);
 }
 
-static int grep_buffer_1(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
-			 char *buf, unsigned long size, int collect_hits)
+static int fill_textconv_grep(struct userdiff_driver *driver,
+			      struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *df;
+	char *buf;
+	size_t size;
+
+	if (!driver || !driver->textconv)
+		return grep_source_load(gs);
+
+	/*
+	 * The textconv interface is intimately tied to diff_filespecs, so we
+	 * have to pretend to be one. If we could unify the grep_source
+	 * and diff_filespec structs, this mess could just go away.
+	 */
+	df = alloc_filespec(gs->path);
+	switch (gs->type) {
+	case GREP_SOURCE_SHA1:
+		fill_filespec(df, gs->identifier, 1, 0100644);
+		break;
+	case GREP_SOURCE_FILE:
+		fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, 0, 0100644);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: attempt to textconv something without a path?");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * fill_textconv is not remotely thread-safe; it may load objects
+	 * behind the scenes, and it modifies the global diff tempfile
+	 * structure.
+	 */
+	grep_read_lock();
+	size = fill_textconv(driver, df, &buf);
+	grep_read_unlock();
+	free_filespec(df);
+
+	/*
+	 * The normal fill_textconv usage by the diff machinery would just keep
+	 * the textconv'd buf separate from the diff_filespec. But much of the
+	 * grep code passes around a grep_source and assumes that its "buf"
+	 * pointer is the beginning of the thing we are searching. So let's
+	 * install our textconv'd version into the grep_source, taking care not
+	 * to leak any existing buffer.
+	 */
+	grep_source_clear_data(gs);
+	gs->buf = buf;
+	gs->size = size;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_empty_line(const char *bol, const char *eol)
 {
-	char *bol = buf;
-	unsigned long left = size;
+	while (bol < eol && isspace(*bol))
+		bol++;
+	return bol == eol;
+}
+
+static int grep_source_1(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, int collect_hits)
+{
+	char *bol;
+	char *peek_bol = NULL;
+	unsigned long left;
 	unsigned lno = 1;
 	unsigned last_hit = 0;
 	int binary_match_only = 0;
 	unsigned count = 0;
 	int try_lookahead = 0;
 	int show_function = 0;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv = NULL;
 	enum grep_context ctx = GREP_CONTEXT_HEAD;
 	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 
@@ -1015,19 +1436,36 @@ static int grep_buffer_1(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
 	}
 	opt->last_shown = 0;
 
-	switch (opt->binary) {
-	case GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT:
-		if (buffer_is_binary(buf, size))
-			binary_match_only = 1;
-		break;
-	case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
-		if (buffer_is_binary(buf, size))
-			return 0; /* Assume unmatch */
-		break;
-	case GREP_BINARY_TEXT:
-		break;
-	default:
-		die("bug: unknown binary handling mode");
+	if (opt->allow_textconv) {
+		grep_source_load_driver(gs);
+		/*
+		 * We might set up the shared textconv cache data here, which
+		 * is not thread-safe.
+		 */
+		grep_attr_lock();
+		textconv = userdiff_get_textconv(gs->driver);
+		grep_attr_unlock();
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We know the result of a textconv is text, so we only have to care
+	 * about binary handling if we are not using it.
+	 */
+	if (!textconv) {
+		switch (opt->binary) {
+		case GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT:
+			if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
+				binary_match_only = 1;
+			break;
+		case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
+			if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
+				return 0; /* Assume unmatch */
+			break;
+		case GREP_BINARY_TEXT:
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("bug: unknown binary handling mode");
+		}
 	}
 
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
@@ -1035,6 +1473,11 @@ static int grep_buffer_1(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
 
 	try_lookahead = should_lookahead(opt);
 
+	if (fill_textconv_grep(textconv, gs) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	bol = gs->buf;
+	left = gs->size;
 	while (left) {
 		char *eol, ch;
 		int hit;
@@ -1083,14 +1526,14 @@ static int grep_buffer_1(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
 			if (opt->status_only)
 				return 1;
 			if (opt->name_only) {
-				show_name(opt, name);
+				show_name(opt, gs->name);
 				return 1;
 			}
 			if (opt->count)
 				goto next_line;
 			if (binary_match_only) {
 				opt->output(opt, "Binary file ", 12);
-				output_color(opt, name, strlen(name),
+				output_color(opt, gs->name, strlen(gs->name),
 					     opt->color_filename);
 				opt->output(opt, " matches\n", 9);
 				return 1;
@@ -1099,23 +1542,39 @@ static int grep_buffer_1(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
 			 * pre-context lines, we would need to show them.
 			 */
 			if (opt->pre_context || opt->funcbody)
-				show_pre_context(opt, name, buf, bol, eol, lno);
+				show_pre_context(opt, gs, bol, eol, lno);
 			else if (opt->funcname)
-				show_funcname_line(opt, name, buf, bol, lno);
-			show_line(opt, bol, eol, name, lno, ':');
+				show_funcname_line(opt, gs, bol, lno);
+			show_line(opt, bol, eol, gs->name, lno, ':');
 			last_hit = lno;
 			if (opt->funcbody)
 				show_function = 1;
 			goto next_line;
 		}
-		if (show_function && match_funcname(opt, name, bol, eol))
-			show_function = 0;
+		if (show_function && (!peek_bol || peek_bol < bol)) {
+			unsigned long peek_left = left;
+			char *peek_eol = eol;
+
+			/*
+			 * Trailing empty lines are not interesting.
+			 * Peek past them to see if they belong to the
+			 * body of the current function.
+			 */
+			peek_bol = bol;
+			while (is_empty_line(peek_bol, peek_eol)) {
+				peek_bol = peek_eol + 1;
+				peek_eol = end_of_line(peek_bol, &peek_left);
+			}
+
+			if (match_funcname(opt, gs, peek_bol, peek_eol))
+				show_function = 0;
+		}
 		if (show_function ||
 		    (last_hit && lno <= last_hit + opt->post_context)) {
 			/* If the last hit is within the post context,
 			 * we need to show this line.
 			 */
-			show_line(opt, bol, eol, name, lno, '-');
+			show_line(opt, bol, eol, gs->name, lno, '-');
 		}
 
 	next_line:
@@ -1133,7 +1592,7 @@ static int grep_buffer_1(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
 		return 0;
 	if (opt->unmatch_name_only) {
 		/* We did not see any hit, so we want to show this */
-		show_name(opt, name);
+		show_name(opt, gs->name);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
@@ -1147,8 +1606,11 @@ static int grep_buffer_1(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
 	 */
 	if (opt->count && count) {
 		char buf[32];
-		output_color(opt, name, strlen(name), opt->color_filename);
-		output_sep(opt, ':');
+		if (opt->pathname) {
+			output_color(opt, gs->name, strlen(gs->name),
+				     opt->color_filename);
+			output_sep(opt, ':');
+		}
 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u\n", count);
 		opt->output(opt, buf, strlen(buf));
 		return 1;
@@ -1182,23 +1644,178 @@ static int chk_hit_marker(struct grep_expr *x)
 	}
 }
 
-int grep_buffer(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf, unsigned long size)
+int grep_source(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs)
 {
 	/*
 	 * we do not have to do the two-pass grep when we do not check
 	 * buffer-wide "all-match".
 	 */
 	if (!opt->all_match)
-		return grep_buffer_1(opt, name, buf, size, 0);
+		return grep_source_1(opt, gs, 0);
 
 	/* Otherwise the toplevel "or" terms hit a bit differently.
 	 * We first clear hit markers from them.
 	 */
 	clr_hit_marker(opt->pattern_expression);
-	grep_buffer_1(opt, name, buf, size, 1);
+	grep_source_1(opt, gs, 1);
 
 	if (!chk_hit_marker(opt->pattern_expression))
 		return 0;
 
-	return grep_buffer_1(opt, name, buf, size, 0);
+	return grep_source_1(opt, gs, 0);
+}
+
+int grep_buffer(struct grep_opt *opt, char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct grep_source gs;
+	int r;
+
+	grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_BUF, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	gs.buf = buf;
+	gs.size = size;
+
+	r = grep_source(opt, &gs);
+
+	grep_source_clear(&gs);
+	return r;
+}
+
+void grep_source_init(struct grep_source *gs, enum grep_source_type type,
+		      const char *name, const char *path,
+		      const void *identifier)
+{
+	gs->type = type;
+	gs->name = xstrdup_or_null(name);
+	gs->path = xstrdup_or_null(path);
+	gs->buf = NULL;
+	gs->size = 0;
+	gs->driver = NULL;
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case GREP_SOURCE_FILE:
+		gs->identifier = xstrdup(identifier);
+		break;
+	case GREP_SOURCE_SHA1:
+		gs->identifier = xmalloc(20);
+		hashcpy(gs->identifier, identifier);
+		break;
+	case GREP_SOURCE_BUF:
+		gs->identifier = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+void grep_source_clear(struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	free(gs->name);
+	gs->name = NULL;
+	free(gs->path);
+	gs->path = NULL;
+	free(gs->identifier);
+	gs->identifier = NULL;
+	grep_source_clear_data(gs);
+}
+
+void grep_source_clear_data(struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	switch (gs->type) {
+	case GREP_SOURCE_FILE:
+	case GREP_SOURCE_SHA1:
+		free(gs->buf);
+		gs->buf = NULL;
+		gs->size = 0;
+		break;
+	case GREP_SOURCE_BUF:
+		/* leave user-provided buf intact */
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int grep_source_load_sha1(struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	grep_read_lock();
+	gs->buf = read_sha1_file(gs->identifier, &type, &gs->size);
+	grep_read_unlock();
+
+	if (!gs->buf)
+		return error(_("'%s': unable to read %s"),
+			     gs->name,
+			     sha1_to_hex(gs->identifier));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int grep_source_load_file(struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	const char *filename = gs->identifier;
+	struct stat st;
+	char *data;
+	size_t size;
+	int i;
+
+	if (lstat(filename, &st) < 0) {
+	err_ret:
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			error_errno(_("failed to stat '%s'"), filename);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return -1;
+	size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	i = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+	if (i < 0)
+		goto err_ret;
+	data = xmallocz(size);
+	if (st.st_size != read_in_full(i, data, size)) {
+		error_errno(_("'%s': short read"), filename);
+		close(i);
+		free(data);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	close(i);
+
+	gs->buf = data;
+	gs->size = size;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	if (gs->buf)
+		return 0;
+
+	switch (gs->type) {
+	case GREP_SOURCE_FILE:
+		return grep_source_load_file(gs);
+	case GREP_SOURCE_SHA1:
+		return grep_source_load_sha1(gs);
+	case GREP_SOURCE_BUF:
+		return gs->buf ? 0 : -1;
+	}
+	die("BUG: invalid grep_source type");
+}
+
+void grep_source_load_driver(struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	if (gs->driver)
+		return;
+
+	grep_attr_lock();
+	if (gs->path)
+		gs->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(gs->path);
+	if (!gs->driver)
+		gs->driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
+	grep_attr_unlock();
+}
+
+static int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	grep_source_load_driver(gs);
+	if (gs->driver->binary != -1)
+		return gs->driver->binary;
+
+	if (!grep_source_load(gs))
+		return buffer_is_binary(gs->buf, gs->size);
+
+	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/grep.h b/grep.h
index fb205f3542..95f197a8d9 100644
--- a/grep.h
+++ b/grep.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ typedef int pcre_extra;
 #endif
 #include "kwset.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
 
 enum grep_pat_token {
 	GREP_PATTERN,
@@ -27,17 +28,21 @@ enum grep_context {
 };
 
 enum grep_header_field {
-	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = 0,
-	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER
+	GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN = 0,
+	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN,
+	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER,
+	GREP_HEADER_REFLOG,
+
+	/* Must be at the end of the enum */
+	GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX
 };
-#define GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX (GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER + 1)
 
 struct grep_pat {
 	struct grep_pat *next;
 	const char *origin;
 	int no;
 	enum grep_pat_token token;
-	const char *pattern;
+	char *pattern;
 	size_t patternlen;
 	enum grep_header_field field;
 	regex_t regexp;
@@ -57,6 +62,14 @@ enum grep_expr_node {
 	GREP_NODE_OR
 };
 
+enum grep_pattern_type {
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE
+};
+
 struct grep_expr {
 	enum grep_expr_node node;
 	unsigned hit;
@@ -89,11 +102,14 @@ struct grep_opt {
 	int word_regexp;
 	int fixed;
 	int all_match;
+	int debug;
 #define GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT	0
 #define GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH	1
 #define GREP_BINARY_TEXT	2
 	int binary;
+	int allow_textconv;
 	int extended;
+	int use_reflog_filter;
 	int pcre;
 	int relative;
 	int pathname;
@@ -102,11 +118,14 @@ struct grep_opt {
 	int max_depth;
 	int funcname;
 	int funcbody;
+	int extended_regexp_option;
+	int pattern_type_option;
 	char color_context[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_filename[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_function[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_lineno[COLOR_MAXLEN];
-	char color_match[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+	char color_match_context[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+	char color_match_selected[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_selected[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_sep[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	int regflags;
@@ -116,19 +135,51 @@ struct grep_opt {
 	int show_hunk_mark;
 	int file_break;
 	int heading;
-	int use_threads;
 	void *priv;
 
 	void (*output)(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *data, size_t size);
 	void *output_priv;
 };
 
+extern void init_grep_defaults(void);
+extern int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *);
+extern void grep_init(struct grep_opt *, const char *prefix);
+void grep_set_pattern_type_option(enum grep_pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt);
+void grep_commit_pattern_type(enum grep_pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt);
+
 extern void append_grep_pat(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, size_t patlen, const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t);
 extern void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t);
 extern void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *, enum grep_header_field, const char *);
 extern void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt);
 extern void free_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt);
-extern int grep_buffer(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf, unsigned long size);
+extern int grep_buffer(struct grep_opt *opt, char *buf, unsigned long size);
+
+struct grep_source {
+	char *name;
+
+	enum grep_source_type {
+		GREP_SOURCE_SHA1,
+		GREP_SOURCE_FILE,
+		GREP_SOURCE_BUF,
+	} type;
+	void *identifier;
+
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	char *path; /* for attribute lookups */
+	struct userdiff_driver *driver;
+};
+
+void grep_source_init(struct grep_source *gs, enum grep_source_type type,
+		      const char *name, const char *path,
+		      const void *identifier);
+void grep_source_clear_data(struct grep_source *gs);
+void grep_source_clear(struct grep_source *gs);
+void grep_source_load_driver(struct grep_source *gs);
+
+
+int grep_source(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs);
 
 extern struct grep_opt *grep_opt_dup(const struct grep_opt *opt);
 extern int grep_threads_ok(const struct grep_opt *opt);
@@ -138,7 +189,25 @@ extern int grep_threads_ok(const struct grep_opt *opt);
  * Mutex used around access to the attributes machinery if
  * opt->use_threads.  Must be initialized/destroyed by callers!
  */
+extern int grep_use_locks;
 extern pthread_mutex_t grep_attr_mutex;
+extern pthread_mutex_t grep_read_mutex;
+
+static inline void grep_read_lock(void)
+{
+	if (grep_use_locks)
+		pthread_mutex_lock(&grep_read_mutex);
+}
+
+static inline void grep_read_unlock(void)
+{
+	if (grep_use_locks)
+		pthread_mutex_unlock(&grep_read_mutex);
+}
+
+#else
+#define grep_read_lock()
+#define grep_read_unlock()
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/hash.c b/hash.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 749ecfe484..0000000000
--- a/hash.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Some generic hashing helpers.
- */
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "hash.h"
-
-/*
- * Look up a hash entry in the hash table. Return the pointer to
- * the existing entry, or the empty slot if none existed. The caller
- * can then look at the (*ptr) to see whether it existed or not.
- */
-static struct hash_table_entry *lookup_hash_entry(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	unsigned int size = table->size, nr = hash % size;
-	struct hash_table_entry *array = table->array;
-
-	while (array[nr].ptr) {
-		if (array[nr].hash == hash)
-			break;
-		nr++;
-		if (nr >= size)
-			nr = 0;
-	}
-	return array + nr;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Insert a new hash entry pointer into the table.
- *
- * If that hash entry already existed, return the pointer to
- * the existing entry (and the caller can create a list of the
- * pointers or do anything else). If it didn't exist, return
- * NULL (and the caller knows the pointer has been inserted).
- */
-static void **insert_hash_entry(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	struct hash_table_entry *entry = lookup_hash_entry(hash, table);
-
-	if (!entry->ptr) {
-		entry->ptr = ptr;
-		entry->hash = hash;
-		table->nr++;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return &entry->ptr;
-}
-
-static void grow_hash_table(struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	unsigned int old_size = table->size, new_size;
-	struct hash_table_entry *old_array = table->array, *new_array;
-
-	new_size = alloc_nr(old_size);
-	new_array = xcalloc(sizeof(struct hash_table_entry), new_size);
-	table->size = new_size;
-	table->array = new_array;
-	table->nr = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < old_size; i++) {
-		unsigned int hash = old_array[i].hash;
-		void *ptr = old_array[i].ptr;
-		if (ptr)
-			insert_hash_entry(hash, ptr, table);
-	}
-	free(old_array);
-}
-
-void *lookup_hash(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	if (!table->array)
-		return NULL;
-	return lookup_hash_entry(hash, table)->ptr;
-}
-
-void **insert_hash(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	unsigned int nr = table->nr;
-	if (nr >= table->size/2)
-		grow_hash_table(table);
-	return insert_hash_entry(hash, ptr, table);
-}
-
-int for_each_hash(const struct hash_table *table, int (*fn)(void *, void *), void *data)
-{
-	int sum = 0;
-	unsigned int i;
-	unsigned int size = table->size;
-	struct hash_table_entry *array = table->array;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-		void *ptr = array->ptr;
-		array++;
-		if (ptr) {
-			int val = fn(ptr, data);
-			if (val < 0)
-				return val;
-			sum += val;
-		}
-	}
-	return sum;
-}
-
-void free_hash(struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	free(table->array);
-	table->array = NULL;
-	table->size = 0;
-	table->nr = 0;
-}
diff --git a/hash.h b/hash.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b875ce67c4..0000000000
--- a/hash.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef HASH_H
-#define HASH_H
-
-/*
- * These are some simple generic hash table helper functions.
- * Not necessarily suitable for all users, but good for things
- * where you want to just keep track of a list of things, and
- * have a good hash to use on them.
- *
- * It keeps the hash table at roughly 50-75% free, so the memory
- * cost of the hash table itself is roughly
- *
- *	3 * 2*sizeof(void *) * nr_of_objects
- *
- * bytes.
- *
- * FIXME: on 64-bit architectures, we waste memory. It would be
- * good to have just 32-bit pointers, requiring a special allocator
- * for hashed entries or something.
- */
-struct hash_table_entry {
-	unsigned int hash;
-	void *ptr;
-};
-
-struct hash_table {
-	unsigned int size, nr;
-	struct hash_table_entry *array;
-};
-
-extern void *lookup_hash(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table);
-extern void **insert_hash(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table);
-extern int for_each_hash(const struct hash_table *table, int (*fn)(void *, void *), void *data);
-extern void free_hash(struct hash_table *table);
-
-static inline void init_hash(struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	table->size = 0;
-	table->nr = 0;
-	table->array = NULL;
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/hashmap.c b/hashmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b10b642229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hashmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+ * Generic implementation of hash-based key value mappings.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+
+#define FNV32_BASE ((unsigned int) 0x811c9dc5)
+#define FNV32_PRIME ((unsigned int) 0x01000193)
+
+unsigned int strhash(const char *str)
+{
+	unsigned int c, hash = FNV32_BASE;
+	while ((c = (unsigned char) *str++))
+		hash = (hash * FNV32_PRIME) ^ c;
+	return hash;
+}
+
+unsigned int strihash(const char *str)
+{
+	unsigned int c, hash = FNV32_BASE;
+	while ((c = (unsigned char) *str++)) {
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+			c -= 'a' - 'A';
+		hash = (hash * FNV32_PRIME) ^ c;
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+unsigned int memhash(const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = FNV32_BASE;
+	unsigned char *ucbuf = (unsigned char *) buf;
+	while (len--) {
+		unsigned int c = *ucbuf++;
+		hash = (hash * FNV32_PRIME) ^ c;
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+unsigned int memihash(const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = FNV32_BASE;
+	unsigned char *ucbuf = (unsigned char *) buf;
+	while (len--) {
+		unsigned int c = *ucbuf++;
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+			c -= 'a' - 'A';
+		hash = (hash * FNV32_PRIME) ^ c;
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+#define HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE 64
+/* grow / shrink by 2^2 */
+#define HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS 2
+/* load factor in percent */
+#define HASHMAP_LOAD_FACTOR 80
+
+static void alloc_table(struct hashmap *map, unsigned int size)
+{
+	map->tablesize = size;
+	map->table = xcalloc(size, sizeof(struct hashmap_entry *));
+
+	/* calculate resize thresholds for new size */
+	map->grow_at = (unsigned int) ((uint64_t) size * HASHMAP_LOAD_FACTOR / 100);
+	if (size <= HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE)
+		map->shrink_at = 0;
+	else
+		/*
+		 * The shrink-threshold must be slightly smaller than
+		 * (grow-threshold / resize-factor) to prevent erratic resizing,
+		 * thus we divide by (resize-factor + 1).
+		 */
+		map->shrink_at = map->grow_at / ((1 << HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS) + 1);
+}
+
+static inline int entry_equals(const struct hashmap *map,
+		const struct hashmap_entry *e1, const struct hashmap_entry *e2,
+		const void *keydata)
+{
+	return (e1 == e2) || (e1->hash == e2->hash && !map->cmpfn(e1, e2, keydata));
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int bucket(const struct hashmap *map,
+		const struct hashmap_entry *key)
+{
+	return key->hash & (map->tablesize - 1);
+}
+
+static void rehash(struct hashmap *map, unsigned int newsize)
+{
+	unsigned int i, oldsize = map->tablesize;
+	struct hashmap_entry **oldtable = map->table;
+
+	alloc_table(map, newsize);
+	for (i = 0; i < oldsize; i++) {
+		struct hashmap_entry *e = oldtable[i];
+		while (e) {
+			struct hashmap_entry *next = e->next;
+			unsigned int b = bucket(map, e);
+			e->next = map->table[b];
+			map->table[b] = e;
+			e = next;
+		}
+	}
+	free(oldtable);
+}
+
+static inline struct hashmap_entry **find_entry_ptr(const struct hashmap *map,
+		const struct hashmap_entry *key, const void *keydata)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry **e = &map->table[bucket(map, key)];
+	while (*e && !entry_equals(map, *e, key, keydata))
+		e = &(*e)->next;
+	return e;
+}
+
+static int always_equal(const void *unused1, const void *unused2, const void *unused3)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void hashmap_init(struct hashmap *map, hashmap_cmp_fn equals_function,
+		size_t initial_size)
+{
+	unsigned int size = HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE;
+	map->size = 0;
+	map->cmpfn = equals_function ? equals_function : always_equal;
+
+	/* calculate initial table size and allocate the table */
+	initial_size = (unsigned int) ((uint64_t) initial_size * 100
+			/ HASHMAP_LOAD_FACTOR);
+	while (initial_size > size)
+		size <<= HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS;
+	alloc_table(map, size);
+}
+
+void hashmap_free(struct hashmap *map, int free_entries)
+{
+	if (!map || !map->table)
+		return;
+	if (free_entries) {
+		struct hashmap_iter iter;
+		struct hashmap_entry *e;
+		hashmap_iter_init(map, &iter);
+		while ((e = hashmap_iter_next(&iter)))
+			free(e);
+	}
+	free(map->table);
+	memset(map, 0, sizeof(*map));
+}
+
+void *hashmap_get(const struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)
+{
+	return *find_entry_ptr(map, key, keydata);
+}
+
+void *hashmap_get_next(const struct hashmap *map, const void *entry)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *e = ((struct hashmap_entry *) entry)->next;
+	for (; e; e = e->next)
+		if (entry_equals(map, entry, e, NULL))
+			return e;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void hashmap_add(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)
+{
+	unsigned int b = bucket(map, entry);
+
+	/* add entry */
+	((struct hashmap_entry *) entry)->next = map->table[b];
+	map->table[b] = entry;
+
+	/* fix size and rehash if appropriate */
+	map->size++;
+	if (map->size > map->grow_at)
+		rehash(map, map->tablesize << HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS);
+}
+
+void *hashmap_remove(struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *old;
+	struct hashmap_entry **e = find_entry_ptr(map, key, keydata);
+	if (!*e)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* remove existing entry */
+	old = *e;
+	*e = old->next;
+	old->next = NULL;
+
+	/* fix size and rehash if appropriate */
+	map->size--;
+	if (map->size < map->shrink_at)
+		rehash(map, map->tablesize >> HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS);
+	return old;
+}
+
+void *hashmap_put(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *old = hashmap_remove(map, entry, NULL);
+	hashmap_add(map, entry);
+	return old;
+}
+
+void hashmap_iter_init(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)
+{
+	iter->map = map;
+	iter->tablepos = 0;
+	iter->next = NULL;
+}
+
+void *hashmap_iter_next(struct hashmap_iter *iter)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *current = iter->next;
+	for (;;) {
+		if (current) {
+			iter->next = current->next;
+			return current;
+		}
+
+		if (iter->tablepos >= iter->map->tablesize)
+			return NULL;
+
+		current = iter->map->table[iter->tablepos++];
+	}
+}
+
+struct pool_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	size_t len;
+	unsigned char data[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static int pool_entry_cmp(const struct pool_entry *e1,
+			  const struct pool_entry *e2,
+			  const unsigned char *keydata)
+{
+	return e1->data != keydata &&
+	       (e1->len != e2->len || memcmp(e1->data, keydata, e1->len));
+}
+
+const void *memintern(const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	static struct hashmap map;
+	struct pool_entry key, *e;
+
+	/* initialize string pool hashmap */
+	if (!map.tablesize)
+		hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) pool_entry_cmp, 0);
+
+	/* lookup interned string in pool */
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, memhash(data, len));
+	key.len = len;
+	e = hashmap_get(&map, &key, data);
+	if (!e) {
+		/* not found: create it */
+		FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(e, data, data, len);
+		hashmap_entry_init(e, key.ent.hash);
+		e->len = len;
+		hashmap_add(&map, e);
+	}
+	return e->data;
+}
diff --git a/hashmap.h b/hashmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab7958ae33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hashmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#ifndef HASHMAP_H
+#define HASHMAP_H
+
+/*
+ * Generic implementation of hash-based key-value mappings.
+ * See Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt.
+ */
+
+/* FNV-1 functions */
+
+extern unsigned int strhash(const char *buf);
+extern unsigned int strihash(const char *buf);
+extern unsigned int memhash(const void *buf, size_t len);
+extern unsigned int memihash(const void *buf, size_t len);
+
+static inline unsigned int sha1hash(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Equivalent to 'return *(unsigned int *)sha1;', but safe on
+	 * platforms that don't support unaligned reads.
+	 */
+	unsigned int hash;
+	memcpy(&hash, sha1, sizeof(hash));
+	return hash;
+}
+
+/* data structures */
+
+struct hashmap_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry *next;
+	unsigned int hash;
+};
+
+typedef int (*hashmap_cmp_fn)(const void *entry, const void *entry_or_key,
+		const void *keydata);
+
+struct hashmap {
+	struct hashmap_entry **table;
+	hashmap_cmp_fn cmpfn;
+	unsigned int size, tablesize, grow_at, shrink_at;
+};
+
+struct hashmap_iter {
+	struct hashmap *map;
+	struct hashmap_entry *next;
+	unsigned int tablepos;
+};
+
+/* hashmap functions */
+
+extern void hashmap_init(struct hashmap *map, hashmap_cmp_fn equals_function,
+		size_t initial_size);
+extern void hashmap_free(struct hashmap *map, int free_entries);
+
+/* hashmap_entry functions */
+
+static inline void hashmap_entry_init(void *entry, unsigned int hash)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *e = entry;
+	e->hash = hash;
+	e->next = NULL;
+}
+extern void *hashmap_get(const struct hashmap *map, const void *key,
+		const void *keydata);
+extern void *hashmap_get_next(const struct hashmap *map, const void *entry);
+extern void hashmap_add(struct hashmap *map, void *entry);
+extern void *hashmap_put(struct hashmap *map, void *entry);
+extern void *hashmap_remove(struct hashmap *map, const void *key,
+		const void *keydata);
+
+static inline void *hashmap_get_from_hash(const struct hashmap *map,
+		unsigned int hash, const void *keydata)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry key;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, hash);
+	return hashmap_get(map, &key, keydata);
+}
+
+/* hashmap_iter functions */
+
+extern void hashmap_iter_init(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter);
+extern void *hashmap_iter_next(struct hashmap_iter *iter);
+static inline void *hashmap_iter_first(struct hashmap *map,
+		struct hashmap_iter *iter)
+{
+	hashmap_iter_init(map, iter);
+	return hashmap_iter_next(iter);
+}
+
+/* string interning */
+
+extern const void *memintern(const void *data, size_t len);
+static inline const char *strintern(const char *string)
+{
+	return memintern(string, strlen(string));
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/help.c b/help.c
index cbbe966f68..19328ea992 100644
--- a/help.c
+++ b/help.c
@@ -4,36 +4,16 @@
 #include "levenshtein.h"
 #include "help.h"
 #include "common-cmds.h"
-
-/* most GUI terminals set COLUMNS (although some don't export it) */
-static int term_columns(void)
-{
-	char *col_string = getenv("COLUMNS");
-	int n_cols;
-
-	if (col_string && (n_cols = atoi(col_string)) > 0)
-		return n_cols;
-
-#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
-	{
-		struct winsize ws;
-		if (!ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws)) {
-			if (ws.ws_col)
-				return ws.ws_col;
-		}
-	}
-#endif
-
-	return 80;
-}
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len)
 {
-	struct cmdname *ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + len + 1);
-
+	struct cmdname *ent;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(ent, name, name, len);
 	ent->len = len;
-	memcpy(ent->name, name, len);
-	ent->name[len] = 0;
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(cmds->names, cmds->cnt + 1, cmds->alloc);
 	cmds->names[cmds->cnt++] = ent;
@@ -63,9 +43,12 @@ static void uniq(struct cmdnames *cmds)
 	if (!cmds->cnt)
 		return;
 
-	for (i = j = 1; i < cmds->cnt; i++)
-		if (strcmp(cmds->names[i]->name, cmds->names[i-1]->name))
+	for (i = j = 1; i < cmds->cnt; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(cmds->names[i]->name, cmds->names[j-1]->name))
+			free(cmds->names[i]);
+		else
 			cmds->names[j++] = cmds->names[i];
+	}
 
 	cmds->cnt = j;
 }
@@ -80,9 +63,10 @@ void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes)
 		cmp = strcmp(cmds->names[ci]->name, excludes->names[ei]->name);
 		if (cmp < 0)
 			cmds->names[cj++] = cmds->names[ci++];
-		else if (cmp == 0)
-			ci++, ei++;
-		else if (cmp > 0)
+		else if (cmp == 0) {
+			ei++;
+			free(cmds->names[ci++]);
+		} else if (cmp > 0)
 			ei++;
 	}
 
@@ -92,31 +76,24 @@ void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes)
 	cmds->cnt = cj;
 }
 
-static void pretty_print_string_list(struct cmdnames *cmds, int longest)
+static void pretty_print_cmdnames(struct cmdnames *cmds, unsigned int colopts)
 {
-	int cols = 1, rows;
-	int space = longest + 1; /* min 1 SP between words */
-	int max_cols = term_columns() - 1; /* don't print *on* the edge */
-	int i, j;
-
-	if (space < max_cols)
-		cols = max_cols / space;
-	rows = DIV_ROUND_UP(cmds->cnt, cols);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
-		printf("  ");
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct column_options copts;
+	int i;
 
-		for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
-			int n = j * rows + i;
-			int size = space;
-			if (n >= cmds->cnt)
-				break;
-			if (j == cols-1 || n + rows >= cmds->cnt)
-				size = 1;
-			printf("%-*s", size, cmds->names[n]->name);
-		}
-		putchar('\n');
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < cmds->cnt; i++)
+		string_list_append(&list, cmds->names[i]->name);
+	/*
+	 * always enable column display, we only consult column.*
+	 * about layout strategy and stuff
+	 */
+	colopts = (colopts & ~COL_ENABLE_MASK) | COL_ENABLED;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(&list, colopts, &copts);
+	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
 }
 
 static int is_executable(const char *name)
@@ -127,10 +104,7 @@ static int is_executable(const char *name)
 	    !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
 		return 0;
 
-#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
-#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
-if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) == 0)
-#endif
+#if defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
 {	/* cannot trust the executable bit, peek into the file instead */
 	char buf[3] = { 0 };
 	int n;
@@ -153,7 +127,6 @@ static void list_commands_in_dir(struct cmdnames *cmds,
 					 const char *path,
 					 const char *prefix)
 {
-	int prefix_len;
 	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
 	struct dirent *de;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -163,15 +136,15 @@ static void list_commands_in_dir(struct cmdnames *cmds,
 		return;
 	if (!prefix)
 		prefix = "git-";
-	prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/", path);
 	len = buf.len;
 
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		int entlen;
+		const char *ent;
+		size_t entlen;
 
-		if (prefixcmp(de->d_name, prefix))
+		if (!skip_prefix(de->d_name, prefix, &ent))
 			continue;
 
 		strbuf_setlen(&buf, len);
@@ -179,11 +152,10 @@ static void list_commands_in_dir(struct cmdnames *cmds,
 		if (!is_executable(buf.buf))
 			continue;
 
-		entlen = strlen(de->d_name) - prefix_len;
-		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".exe"))
-			entlen -= 4;
+		entlen = strlen(ent);
+		strip_suffix(ent, ".exe", &entlen);
 
-		add_cmdname(cmds, de->d_name + prefix_len, entlen);
+		add_cmdname(cmds, ent, entlen);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -225,38 +197,64 @@ void load_command_list(const char *prefix,
 	exclude_cmds(other_cmds, main_cmds);
 }
 
-void list_commands(const char *title, struct cmdnames *main_cmds,
-		   struct cmdnames *other_cmds)
+void list_commands(unsigned int colopts,
+		   struct cmdnames *main_cmds, struct cmdnames *other_cmds)
 {
-	int i, longest = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < main_cmds->cnt; i++)
-		if (longest < main_cmds->names[i]->len)
-			longest = main_cmds->names[i]->len;
-	for (i = 0; i < other_cmds->cnt; i++)
-		if (longest < other_cmds->names[i]->len)
-			longest = other_cmds->names[i]->len;
-
 	if (main_cmds->cnt) {
 		const char *exec_path = git_exec_path();
-		printf("available %s in '%s'\n", title, exec_path);
-		printf("----------------");
-		mput_char('-', strlen(title) + strlen(exec_path));
+		printf_ln(_("available git commands in '%s'"), exec_path);
 		putchar('\n');
-		pretty_print_string_list(main_cmds, longest);
+		pretty_print_cmdnames(main_cmds, colopts);
 		putchar('\n');
 	}
 
 	if (other_cmds->cnt) {
-		printf("%s available from elsewhere on your $PATH\n", title);
-		printf("---------------------------------------");
-		mput_char('-', strlen(title));
+		printf_ln(_("git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"));
 		putchar('\n');
-		pretty_print_string_list(other_cmds, longest);
+		pretty_print_cmdnames(other_cmds, colopts);
 		putchar('\n');
 	}
 }
 
+static int cmd_group_cmp(const void *elem1, const void *elem2)
+{
+	const struct cmdname_help *e1 = elem1;
+	const struct cmdname_help *e2 = elem2;
+
+	if (e1->group < e2->group)
+		return -1;
+	if (e1->group > e2->group)
+		return 1;
+	return strcmp(e1->name, e2->name);
+}
+
+void list_common_cmds_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+	int current_grp = -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
+	}
+
+	qsort(common_cmds, ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds),
+		sizeof(common_cmds[0]), cmd_group_cmp);
+
+	puts(_("These are common Git commands used in various situations:"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		if (common_cmds[i].group != current_grp) {
+			printf("\n%s\n", _(common_cmd_groups[common_cmds[i].group]));
+			current_grp = common_cmds[i].group;
+		}
+
+		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_cmds[i].help));
+	}
+}
+
 int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *c, const char *s)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -271,11 +269,13 @@ static struct cmdnames aliases;
 
 static int git_unknown_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	const char *p;
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "help.autocorrect"))
 		autocorrect = git_config_int(var,value);
 	/* Also use aliases for command lookup */
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "alias."))
-		add_cmdname(&aliases, var + 6, strlen(var + 6));
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "alias.", &p))
+		add_cmdname(&aliases, p, strlen(p));
 
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 	add_cmd_list(&main_cmds, &aliases);
 	add_cmd_list(&main_cmds, &other_cmds);
 	qsort(main_cmds.names, main_cmds.cnt,
-	      sizeof(main_cmds.names), cmdname_compare);
+	      sizeof(*main_cmds.names), cmdname_compare);
 	uniq(&main_cmds);
 
 	/* This abuses cmdname->len for levenshtein distance */
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 		if ((n < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds)) && !cmp) {
 			/* Yes, this is one of the common commands */
 			n++; /* use the entry from common_cmds[] */
-			if (!prefixcmp(candidate, cmd)) {
+			if (starts_with(candidate, cmd)) {
 				/* Give prefix match a very good score */
 				main_cmds.names[i]->len = 0;
 				continue;
@@ -356,14 +356,14 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 		}
 
 		main_cmds.names[i]->len =
-			levenshtein(cmd, candidate, 0, 2, 1, 4) + 1;
+			levenshtein(cmd, candidate, 0, 2, 1, 3) + 1;
 	}
 
 	qsort(main_cmds.names, main_cmds.cnt,
 	      sizeof(*main_cmds.names), levenshtein_compare);
 
 	if (!main_cmds.cnt)
-		die ("Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all.");
+		die(_("Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."));
 
 	/* skip and count prefix matches */
 	for (n = 0; n < main_cmds.cnt && !main_cmds.names[n]->len; n++)
@@ -384,23 +384,26 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 		const char *assumed = main_cmds.names[0]->name;
 		main_cmds.names[0] = NULL;
 		clean_cmdnames(&main_cmds);
-		fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', "
-			"which does not exist.\n"
-			"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'\n",
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   _("WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', "
+			     "which does not exist.\n"
+			     "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"),
 			cmd, assumed);
 		if (autocorrect > 0) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "in %0.1f seconds automatically...\n",
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("in %0.1f seconds automatically..."),
 				(float)autocorrect/10.0);
-			poll(NULL, 0, autocorrect * 100);
+			sleep_millisec(autocorrect * 100);
 		}
 		return assumed;
 	}
 
-	fprintf(stderr, "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.\n", cmd);
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."), cmd);
 
 	if (SIMILAR_ENOUGH(best_similarity)) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "\nDid you mean %s?\n",
-			n < 2 ? "this": "one of these");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("\nDid you mean this?",
+			      "\nDid you mean one of these?",
+			   n));
 
 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", main_cmds.names[i]->name);
@@ -411,6 +414,60 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 
 int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	/*
+	 * The format of this string should be kept stable for compatibility
+	 * with external projects that rely on the output of "git version".
+	 */
 	printf("git version %s\n", git_version_string);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+struct similar_ref_cb {
+	const char *base_ref;
+	struct string_list *similar_refs;
+};
+
+static int append_similar_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb *cb = (struct similar_ref_cb *)(cb_data);
+	char *branch = strrchr(refname, '/') + 1;
+	const char *remote;
+
+	/* A remote branch of the same name is deemed similar */
+	if (skip_prefix(refname, "refs/remotes/", &remote) &&
+	    !strcmp(branch, cb->base_ref))
+		string_list_append(cb->similar_refs, remote);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct string_list guess_refs(const char *ref)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb ref_cb;
+	struct string_list similar_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	ref_cb.base_ref = ref;
+	ref_cb.similar_refs = &similar_refs;
+	for_each_ref(append_similar_ref, &ref_cb);
+	return similar_refs;
+}
+
+void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list suggested_refs = guess_refs(ref);
+
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("%s: %s - %s"), cmd, ref, error);
+
+	if (suggested_refs.nr > 0) {
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("\nDid you mean this?",
+			      "\nDid you mean one of these?",
+			      suggested_refs.nr));
+		for (i = 0; i < suggested_refs.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", suggested_refs.items[i].string);
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&suggested_refs, 0);
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/help.h b/help.h
index b6b12d5754..b21d7c94e8 100644
--- a/help.h
+++ b/help.h
@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@ extern void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len);
 /* Here we require that excludes is a sorted list. */
 extern void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes);
 extern int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name);
-extern void list_commands(const char *title,
-			  struct cmdnames *main_cmds,
-			  struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
+extern void list_commands(unsigned int colopts, struct cmdnames *main_cmds, struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
 
+/*
+ * call this to die(), when it is suspected that the user mistyped a
+ * ref to the command, to give suggested "correct" refs.
+ */
+extern void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error);
 #endif /* HELP_H */
diff --git a/hex.c b/hex.c
index 9ebc050637..0519f853b2 100644
--- a/hex.c
+++ b/hex.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const signed char hexval_table[256] = {
 int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ; i++) {
 		unsigned int val;
 		/*
 		 * hex[1]=='\0' is caught when val is checked below,
@@ -56,15 +56,18 @@ int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1)
+int get_oid_hex(const char *hex, struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	return get_sha1_hex(hex, oid->hash);
+}
+
+char *sha1_to_hex_r(char *buffer, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	static int bufno;
-	static char hexbuffer[4][50];
 	static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
-	char *buffer = hexbuffer[3 & ++bufno], *buf = buffer;
+	char *buf = buffer;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ; i++) {
 		unsigned int val = *sha1++;
 		*buf++ = hex[val >> 4];
 		*buf++ = hex[val & 0xf];
@@ -73,3 +76,15 @@ char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 	return buffer;
 }
+
+char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static int bufno;
+	static char hexbuffer[4][GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
+	return sha1_to_hex_r(hexbuffer[3 & ++bufno], sha1);
+}
+
+char *oid_to_hex(const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	return sha1_to_hex(oid->hash);
+}
diff --git a/http-backend.c b/http-backend.c
index 869d515383..214881459d 100644
--- a/http-backend.c
+++ b/http-backend.c
@@ -7,23 +7,26 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char content_type[] = "Content-Type";
 static const char content_length[] = "Content-Length";
 static const char last_modified[] = "Last-Modified";
 static int getanyfile = 1;
+static unsigned long max_request_buffer = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
 
 static struct string_list *query_params;
 
 struct rpc_service {
 	const char *name;
 	const char *config_name;
+	unsigned buffer_input : 1;
 	signed enabled : 2;
 };
 
 static struct rpc_service rpc_service[] = {
-	{ "upload-pack", "uploadpack", 1 },
-	{ "receive-pack", "receivepack", -1 },
+	{ "upload-pack", "uploadpack", 1, 1 },
+	{ "receive-pack", "receivepack", 0, -1 },
 };
 
 static struct string_list *get_parameters(void)
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ static void format_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
 	if (n >= sizeof(buffer))
 		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
 
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buffer, n);
 }
 
 static void http_status(unsigned code, const char *msg)
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ static void hdr_int(const char *name, uintmax_t value)
 
 static void hdr_date(const char *name, unsigned long when)
 {
-	const char *value = show_date(when, 0, DATE_RFC2822);
+	const char *value = show_date(when, 0, DATE_MODE(RFC2822));
 	hdr_str(name, value);
 }
 
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ static void hdr_cache_forever(void)
 
 static void end_headers(void)
 {
-	safe_write(1, "\r\n", 2);
+	write_or_die(1, "\r\n", 2);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
@@ -156,12 +159,12 @@ static void send_strbuf(const char *type, struct strbuf *buf)
 	hdr_int(content_length, buf->len);
 	hdr_str(content_type, type);
 	end_headers();
-	safe_write(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
+	write_or_die(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
 }
 
 static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
 {
-	const char *p = git_path("%s", name);
+	char *p = git_pathdup("%s", name);
 	size_t buf_alloc = 8192;
 	char *buf = xmalloc(buf_alloc);
 	int fd;
@@ -184,10 +187,11 @@ static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
 			die_errno("Cannot read '%s'", p);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
-		safe_write(1, buf, n);
+		write_or_die(1, buf, n);
 	}
 	close(fd);
 	free(buf);
+	free(p);
 }
 
 static void get_text_file(char *name)
@@ -218,40 +222,37 @@ static void get_idx_file(char *name)
 	send_local_file("application/x-git-packed-objects-toc", name);
 }
 
-static int http_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void http_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "http.getanyfile")) {
-		getanyfile = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	int i, value = 0;
+	struct strbuf var = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "http.")) {
-		int i;
+	git_config_get_bool("http.getanyfile", &getanyfile);
+	git_config_get_ulong("http.maxrequestbuffer", &max_request_buffer);
 
-		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rpc_service); i++) {
-			struct rpc_service *svc = &rpc_service[i];
-			if (!strcmp(var + 5, svc->config_name)) {
-				svc->enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
-				return 0;
-			}
-		}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rpc_service); i++) {
+		struct rpc_service *svc = &rpc_service[i];
+		strbuf_addf(&var, "http.%s", svc->config_name);
+		if (!git_config_get_bool(var.buf, &value))
+			svc->enabled = value;
+		strbuf_reset(&var);
 	}
 
-	/* we are not interested in parsing any other configuration here */
-	return 0;
+	strbuf_release(&var);
 }
 
 static struct rpc_service *select_service(const char *name)
 {
+	const char *svc_name;
 	struct rpc_service *svc = NULL;
 	int i;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(name, "git-"))
+	if (!skip_prefix(name, "git-", &svc_name))
 		forbidden("Unsupported service: '%s'", name);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rpc_service); i++) {
 		struct rpc_service *s = &rpc_service[i];
-		if (!strcmp(s->name, name + 4)) {
+		if (!strcmp(s->name, svc_name)) {
 			svc = s;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -269,9 +270,52 @@ static struct rpc_service *select_service(const char *name)
 	return svc;
 }
 
-static void inflate_request(const char *prog_name, int out)
+/*
+ * This is basically strbuf_read(), except that if we
+ * hit max_request_buffer we die (we'd rather reject a
+ * maliciously large request than chew up infinite memory).
+ */
+static ssize_t read_request(int fd, unsigned char **out)
+{
+	size_t len = 0, alloc = 8192;
+	unsigned char *buf = xmalloc(alloc);
+
+	if (max_request_buffer < alloc)
+		max_request_buffer = alloc;
+
+	while (1) {
+		ssize_t cnt;
+
+		cnt = read_in_full(fd, buf + len, alloc - len);
+		if (cnt < 0) {
+			free(buf);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		/* partial read from read_in_full means we hit EOF */
+		len += cnt;
+		if (len < alloc) {
+			*out = buf;
+			return len;
+		}
+
+		/* otherwise, grow and try again (if we can) */
+		if (alloc == max_request_buffer)
+			die("request was larger than our maximum size (%lu);"
+			    " try setting GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUEST_BUFFER",
+			    max_request_buffer);
+
+		alloc = alloc_nr(alloc);
+		if (alloc > max_request_buffer)
+			alloc = max_request_buffer;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(buf, alloc);
+	}
+}
+
+static void inflate_request(const char *prog_name, int out, int buffer_input)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
+	unsigned char *full_request = NULL;
 	unsigned char in_buf[8192];
 	unsigned char out_buf[8192];
 	unsigned long cnt = 0;
@@ -280,11 +324,21 @@ static void inflate_request(const char *prog_name, int out)
 	git_inflate_init_gzip_only(&stream);
 
 	while (1) {
-		ssize_t n = xread(0, in_buf, sizeof(in_buf));
+		ssize_t n;
+
+		if (buffer_input) {
+			if (full_request)
+				n = 0; /* nothing left to read */
+			else
+				n = read_request(0, &full_request);
+			stream.next_in = full_request;
+		} else {
+			n = xread(0, in_buf, sizeof(in_buf));
+			stream.next_in = in_buf;
+		}
+
 		if (n <= 0)
 			die("request ended in the middle of the gzip stream");
-
-		stream.next_in = in_buf;
 		stream.avail_in = n;
 
 		while (0 < stream.avail_in) {
@@ -310,17 +364,28 @@ static void inflate_request(const char *prog_name, int out)
 done:
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
 	close(out);
+	free(full_request);
+}
+
+static void copy_request(const char *prog_name, int out)
+{
+	unsigned char *buf;
+	ssize_t n = read_request(0, &buf);
+	if (n < 0)
+		die_errno("error reading request body");
+	if (write_in_full(out, buf, n) != n)
+		die("%s aborted reading request", prog_name);
+	close(out);
+	free(buf);
 }
 
-static void run_service(const char **argv)
+static void run_service(const char **argv, int buffer_input)
 {
 	const char *encoding = getenv("HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODING");
 	const char *user = getenv("REMOTE_USER");
 	const char *host = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR");
-	char *env[3];
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int gzipped_request = 0;
-	struct child_process cld;
+	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 	if (encoding && !strcmp(encoding, "gzip"))
 		gzipped_request = 1;
@@ -332,18 +397,14 @@ static void run_service(const char **argv)
 	if (!host || !*host)
 		host = "(none)";
 
-	memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=%s", user);
-	env[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	if (!getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"))
+		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=%s", user);
+	if (!getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"))
+		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array,
+				 "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=%s@http.%s", user, host);
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=%s@http.%s", user, host);
-	env[1] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	env[2] = NULL;
-
-	memset(&cld, 0, sizeof(cld));
 	cld.argv = argv;
-	cld.env = (const char *const *)env;
-	if (gzipped_request)
+	if (buffer_input || gzipped_request)
 		cld.in = -1;
 	cld.git_cmd = 1;
 	if (start_command(&cld))
@@ -351,31 +412,32 @@ static void run_service(const char **argv)
 
 	close(1);
 	if (gzipped_request)
-		inflate_request(argv[0], cld.in);
+		inflate_request(argv[0], cld.in, buffer_input);
+	else if (buffer_input)
+		copy_request(argv[0], cld.in);
 	else
 		close(0);
 
 	if (finish_command(&cld))
 		exit(1);
-	free(env[0]);
-	free(env[1]);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
-static int show_text_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
-	int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int show_text_ref(const char *name, const struct object_id *oid,
+			 int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
+	const char *name_nons = strip_namespace(name);
 	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	struct object *o = parse_object(oid->hash);
 	if (!o)
 		return 0;
 
-	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid), name_nons);
 	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, name, 0);
 		if (!o)
 			return 0;
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), name);
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", oid_to_hex(&o->oid),
+			    name_nons);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -402,16 +464,46 @@ static void get_info_refs(char *arg)
 		packet_flush(1);
 
 		argv[0] = svc->name;
-		run_service(argv);
+		run_service(argv, 0);
 
 	} else {
 		select_getanyfile();
-		for_each_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
 		send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+static int show_head_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			 int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
+
+	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		struct object_id unused;
+		const char *target = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname,
+							RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+							unused.hash, NULL);
+
+		if (target)
+			strbuf_addf(buf, "ref: %s\n", strip_namespace(target));
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_head(char *arg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	select_getanyfile();
+	head_ref_namespaced(show_head_ref, &buf);
+	send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 static void get_info_packs(char *arg)
 {
 	size_t objdirlen = strlen(get_object_directory());
@@ -476,25 +568,28 @@ static void service_rpc(char *service_name)
 	end_headers();
 
 	argv[0] = svc->name;
-	run_service(argv);
+	run_service(argv, svc->buffer_input);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+static int dead;
 static NORETURN void die_webcgi(const char *err, va_list params)
 {
-	static int dead;
+	if (dead <= 1) {
+		vreportf("fatal: ", err, params);
 
-	if (!dead) {
-		dead = 1;
 		http_status(500, "Internal Server Error");
 		hdr_nocache();
 		end_headers();
-
-		vreportf("fatal: ", err, params);
 	}
 	exit(0); /* we successfully reported a failure ;-) */
 }
 
+static int die_webcgi_recursing(void)
+{
+	return dead++ > 1;
+}
+
 static char* getdir(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -524,7 +619,7 @@ static struct service_cmd {
 	const char *pattern;
 	void (*imp)(char *);
 } services[] = {
-	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_text_file},
+	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_head},
 	{"GET", "/info/refs$", get_info_refs},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/alternates$", get_text_file},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/http-alternates$", get_text_file},
@@ -549,6 +644,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 	set_die_routine(die_webcgi);
+	set_die_is_recursing_routine(die_webcgi_recursing);
 
 	if (!method)
 		die("No REQUEST_METHOD from server");
@@ -568,9 +664,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 			if (strcmp(method, c->method)) {
 				const char *proto = getenv("SERVER_PROTOCOL");
-				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1"))
+				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1")) {
 					http_status(405, "Method Not Allowed");
-				else
+					hdr_str("Allow", !strcmp(c->method, "GET") ?
+						"GET, HEAD" : c->method);
+				} else
 					http_status(400, "Bad Request");
 				hdr_nocache();
 				end_headers();
@@ -579,9 +677,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 			cmd = c;
 			n = out[0].rm_eo - out[0].rm_so;
-			cmd_arg = xmalloc(n);
-			memcpy(cmd_arg, dir + out[0].rm_so + 1, n-1);
-			cmd_arg[n-1] = '\0';
+			cmd_arg = xmemdupz(dir + out[0].rm_so + 1, n - 1);
 			dir[out[0].rm_so] = 0;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -598,7 +694,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	    access("git-daemon-export-ok", F_OK) )
 		not_found("Repository not exported: '%s'", dir);
 
-	git_config(http_config, NULL);
+	http_config();
+	max_request_buffer = git_env_ulong("GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUEST_BUFFER",
+					   max_request_buffer);
+
 	cmd->imp(cmd_arg);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
index f22f7e43ca..a092f0288b 100644
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -10,8 +10,13 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
+#ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+#include <xmlparse.h>
+#else
 #include <expat.h>
+#endif
 
 static const char http_push_usage[] =
 "git http-push [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--verbose] <remote> [<head>...]\n";
@@ -60,8 +65,7 @@ enum XML_Status {
 #define LOCK_TIME 600
 #define LOCK_REFRESH 30
 
-/* bits #0-15 in revision.h */
-
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define LOCAL    (1u<<16)
 #define REMOTE   (1u<<17)
 #define FETCHING (1u<<18)
@@ -172,28 +176,7 @@ enum dav_header_flag {
 static char *xml_entities(const char *s)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	while (*s) {
-		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
-		strbuf_add(&buf, s, len);
-		s += len;
-		switch (*s) {
-		case '"':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&quot;");
-			break;
-		case '<':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&lt;");
-			break;
-		case '>':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&gt;");
-			break;
-		case '&':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&amp;");
-			break;
-		case 0:
-			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-		}
-		s++;
-	}
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, s);
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -217,7 +200,7 @@ static void curl_setup_http(CURL *curl, const char *url,
 	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
 #ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
 	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, ioctl_buffer);
-	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, &buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, buffer);
 #endif
 	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_fn);
 	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
@@ -228,7 +211,7 @@ static void curl_setup_http(CURL *curl, const char *url,
 static struct curl_slist *get_dav_token_headers(struct remote_lock *lock, enum dav_header_flag options)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_copy_default_headers();
 
 	if (options & DAV_HEADER_IF) {
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "If: (<%s>)", lock->token);
@@ -268,7 +251,7 @@ static void start_fetch_loose(struct transfer_request *request)
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct http_object_request *obj_req;
 
-	obj_req = new_http_object_request(repo->url, request->obj->sha1);
+	obj_req = new_http_object_request(repo->url, request->obj->oid.hash);
 	if (obj_req == NULL) {
 		request->state = ABORTED;
 		return;
@@ -292,7 +275,7 @@ static void start_fetch_loose(struct transfer_request *request)
 
 static void start_mkcol(struct transfer_request *request)
 {
-	char *hex = sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1);
+	char *hex = oid_to_hex(&request->obj->oid);
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 
 	request->url = get_remote_object_url(repo->url, hex, 1);
@@ -321,20 +304,19 @@ static void start_fetch_packed(struct transfer_request *request)
 	struct transfer_request *check_request = request_queue_head;
 	struct http_pack_request *preq;
 
-	target = find_sha1_pack(request->obj->sha1, repo->packs);
+	target = find_sha1_pack(request->obj->oid.hash, repo->packs);
 	if (!target) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to fetch %s, will not be able to update server info refs\n", sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1));
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to fetch %s, will not be able to update server info refs\n", oid_to_hex(&request->obj->oid));
 		repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
 		release_request(request);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	fprintf(stderr,	"Fetching pack %s\n", sha1_to_hex(target->sha1));
-	fprintf(stderr, " which contains %s\n", sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1));
+	fprintf(stderr, " which contains %s\n", oid_to_hex(&request->obj->oid));
 
 	preq = new_http_pack_request(target, repo->url);
 	if (preq == NULL) {
-		release_http_pack_request(preq);
 		repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
 		return;
 	}
@@ -368,7 +350,7 @@ static void start_fetch_packed(struct transfer_request *request)
 
 static void start_put(struct transfer_request *request)
 {
-	char *hex = sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1);
+	char *hex = oid_to_hex(&request->obj->oid);
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	enum object_type type;
@@ -379,11 +361,10 @@ static void start_put(struct transfer_request *request)
 	ssize_t size;
 	git_zstream stream;
 
-	unpacked = read_sha1_file(request->obj->sha1, &type, &len);
-	hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(type), len) + 1;
+	unpacked = read_sha1_file(request->obj->oid.hash, &type, &len);
+	hdrlen = xsnprintf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), "%s %lu", typename(type), len) + 1;
 
 	/* Set it up */
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
 	size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, len + hdrlen);
 	strbuf_init(&request->buffer.buf, size);
@@ -436,7 +417,7 @@ static void start_put(struct transfer_request *request)
 static void start_move(struct transfer_request *request)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_copy_default_headers();
 
 	slot = get_active_slot();
 	slot->callback_func = process_response;
@@ -552,11 +533,11 @@ static void finish_request(struct transfer_request *request)
 	if (request->state == RUN_MKCOL) {
 		if (request->curl_result == CURLE_OK ||
 		    request->http_code == 405) {
-			remote_dir_exists[request->obj->sha1[0]] = 1;
+			remote_dir_exists[request->obj->oid.hash[0]] = 1;
 			start_put(request);
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "MKCOL %s failed, aborting (%d/%ld)\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1),
+				oid_to_hex(&request->obj->oid),
 				request->curl_result, request->http_code);
 			request->state = ABORTED;
 			aborted = 1;
@@ -566,7 +547,7 @@ static void finish_request(struct transfer_request *request)
 			start_move(request);
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr,	"PUT %s failed, aborting (%d/%ld)\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1),
+				oid_to_hex(&request->obj->oid),
 				request->curl_result, request->http_code);
 			request->state = ABORTED;
 			aborted = 1;
@@ -575,12 +556,12 @@ static void finish_request(struct transfer_request *request)
 		if (request->curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
 			if (push_verbosely)
 				fprintf(stderr, "    sent %s\n",
-					sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1));
+					oid_to_hex(&request->obj->oid));
 			request->obj->flags |= REMOTE;
 			release_request(request);
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "MOVE %s failed, aborting (%d/%ld)\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1),
+				oid_to_hex(&request->obj->oid),
 				request->curl_result, request->http_code);
 			request->state = ABORTED;
 			aborted = 1;
@@ -633,7 +614,7 @@ static int fill_active_slot(void *unused)
 			start_fetch_loose(request);
 			return 1;
 		} else if (pushing && request->state == NEED_PUSH) {
-			if (remote_dir_exists[request->obj->sha1[0]] == 1) {
+			if (remote_dir_exists[request->obj->oid.hash[0]] == 1) {
 				start_put(request);
 			} else {
 				start_mkcol(request);
@@ -657,8 +638,8 @@ static void add_fetch_request(struct object *obj)
 	 * Don't fetch the object if it's known to exist locally
 	 * or is already in the request queue
 	 */
-	if (remote_dir_exists[obj->sha1[0]] == -1)
-		get_remote_object_list(obj->sha1[0]);
+	if (remote_dir_exists[obj->oid.hash[0]] == -1)
+		get_remote_object_list(obj->oid.hash[0]);
 	if (obj->flags & (LOCAL | FETCHING))
 		return;
 
@@ -680,7 +661,7 @@ static void add_fetch_request(struct object *obj)
 
 static int add_send_request(struct object *obj, struct remote_lock *lock)
 {
-	struct transfer_request *request = request_queue_head;
+	struct transfer_request *request;
 	struct packed_git *target;
 
 	/* Keep locks active */
@@ -690,11 +671,11 @@ static int add_send_request(struct object *obj, struct remote_lock *lock)
 	 * Don't push the object if it's known to exist on the remote
 	 * or is already in the request queue
 	 */
-	if (remote_dir_exists[obj->sha1[0]] == -1)
-		get_remote_object_list(obj->sha1[0]);
+	if (remote_dir_exists[obj->oid.hash[0]] == -1)
+		get_remote_object_list(obj->oid.hash[0]);
 	if (obj->flags & (REMOTE | PUSHING))
 		return 0;
-	target = find_sha1_pack(obj->sha1, repo->packs);
+	target = find_sha1_pack(obj->oid.hash, repo->packs);
 	if (target) {
 		obj->flags |= REMOTE;
 		return 0;
@@ -737,14 +718,10 @@ static int fetch_indices(void)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void one_remote_object(const char *hex)
+static void one_remote_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct object *obj;
 
-	if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1) != 0)
-		return;
-
 	obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
 		obj = parse_object(sha1);
@@ -785,15 +762,13 @@ static void handle_new_lock_ctx(struct xml_ctx *ctx, int tag_closed)
 
 	if (tag_closed && ctx->cdata) {
 		if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_OWNER)) {
-			lock->owner = xmalloc(strlen(ctx->cdata) + 1);
-			strcpy(lock->owner, ctx->cdata);
+			lock->owner = xstrdup(ctx->cdata);
 		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_TIMEOUT)) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(ctx->cdata, "Second-"))
-				lock->timeout =
-					strtol(ctx->cdata + 7, NULL, 10);
+			const char *arg;
+			if (skip_prefix(ctx->cdata, "Second-", &arg))
+				lock->timeout = strtol(arg, NULL, 10);
 		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_TOKEN)) {
-			lock->token = xmalloc(strlen(ctx->cdata) + 1);
-			strcpy(lock->token, ctx->cdata);
+			lock->token = xstrdup(ctx->cdata);
 
 			git_SHA1_Init(&sha_ctx);
 			git_SHA1_Update(&sha_ctx, lock->token, strlen(lock->token));
@@ -812,21 +787,21 @@ xml_start_tag(void *userData, const char *name, const char **atts)
 {
 	struct xml_ctx *ctx = (struct xml_ctx *)userData;
 	const char *c = strchr(name, ':');
-	int new_len;
+	int old_namelen, new_len;
 
 	if (c == NULL)
 		c = name;
 	else
 		c++;
 
-	new_len = strlen(ctx->name) + strlen(c) + 2;
+	old_namelen = strlen(ctx->name);
+	new_len = old_namelen + strlen(c) + 2;
 
 	if (new_len > ctx->len) {
 		ctx->name = xrealloc(ctx->name, new_len);
 		ctx->len = new_len;
 	}
-	strcat(ctx->name, ".");
-	strcat(ctx->name, c);
+	xsnprintf(ctx->name + old_namelen, ctx->len - old_namelen, ".%s", c);
 
 	free(ctx->cdata);
 	ctx->cdata = NULL;
@@ -870,12 +845,11 @@ static struct remote_lock *lock_remote(const char *path, long timeout)
 	char *ep;
 	char timeout_header[25];
 	struct remote_lock *lock = NULL;
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_copy_default_headers();
 	struct xml_ctx ctx;
 	char *escaped;
 
-	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
+	url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
 	/* Make sure leading directories exist for the remote ref */
 	ep = strchr(url + strlen(repo->url) + 1, '/');
@@ -904,11 +878,11 @@ static struct remote_lock *lock_remote(const char *path, long timeout)
 		ep = strchr(ep + 1, '/');
 	}
 
-	escaped = xml_entities(git_default_email);
+	escaped = xml_entities(ident_default_email());
 	strbuf_addf(&out_buffer.buf, LOCK_REQUEST, escaped);
 	free(escaped);
 
-	sprintf(timeout_header, "Timeout: Second-%ld", timeout);
+	xsnprintf(timeout_header, sizeof(timeout_header), "Timeout: Second-%ld", timeout);
 	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, timeout_header);
 	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Content-Type: text/xml");
 
@@ -1038,26 +1012,38 @@ static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
 		      void (*userFunc)(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls),
 		      void *userData);
 
+/* extract hex from sharded "xx/x{40}" filename */
+static int get_sha1_hex_from_objpath(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char hex[40];
+
+	if (strlen(path) != 41)
+		return -1;
+
+	memcpy(hex, path, 2);
+	path += 2;
+	path++; /* skip '/' */
+	memcpy(hex, path, 38);
+
+	return get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1);
+}
+
 static void process_ls_object(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
 {
 	unsigned int *parent = (unsigned int *)ls->userData;
-	char *path = ls->dentry_name;
-	char *obj_hex;
+	const char *path = ls->dentry_name;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	if (!strcmp(ls->path, ls->dentry_name) && (ls->flags & IS_DIR)) {
 		remote_dir_exists[*parent] = 1;
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (strlen(path) != 49)
+	if (!skip_prefix(path, "objects/", &path) ||
+	    get_sha1_hex_from_objpath(path, sha1))
 		return;
-	path += 8;
-	obj_hex = xmalloc(strlen(path));
-	/* NB: path is not null-terminated, can not use strlcpy here */
-	memcpy(obj_hex, path, 2);
-	strcpy(obj_hex + 2, path + 3);
-	one_remote_object(obj_hex);
-	free(obj_hex);
+
+	one_remote_object(sha1);
 }
 
 static void process_ls_ref(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
@@ -1108,7 +1094,7 @@ static void handle_remote_ls_ctx(struct xml_ctx *ctx, int tag_closed)
 				if (repo->path)
 					url = repo->path;
 				if (strncmp(path, url, repo->path_len))
-					error("Parsed path '%s' does not match url: '%s'\n",
+					error("Parsed path '%s' does not match url: '%s'",
 					      path, url);
 				else {
 					path += repo->path_len;
@@ -1135,12 +1121,12 @@ static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
 		      void (*userFunc)(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls),
 		      void *userData)
 {
-	char *url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	char *url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, path);
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
 	struct strbuf in_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct buffer out_buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_copy_default_headers();
 	struct xml_ctx ctx;
 	struct remote_ls_ctx ls;
 
@@ -1151,8 +1137,6 @@ static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
 	ls.userData = userData;
 	ls.userFunc = userFunc;
 
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
-
 	strbuf_addf(&out_buffer.buf, PROPFIND_ALL_REQUEST);
 
 	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Depth: 1");
@@ -1220,7 +1204,7 @@ static int locking_available(void)
 	struct slot_results results;
 	struct strbuf in_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct buffer out_buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_copy_default_headers();
 	struct xml_ctx ctx;
 	int lock_flags = 0;
 	char *escaped;
@@ -1293,9 +1277,7 @@ static struct object_list **add_one_object(struct object *obj, struct object_lis
 }
 
 static struct object_list **process_blob(struct blob *blob,
-					 struct object_list **p,
-					 struct name_path *path,
-					 const char *name)
+					 struct object_list **p)
 {
 	struct object *obj = &blob->object;
 
@@ -1309,46 +1291,38 @@ static struct object_list **process_blob(struct blob *blob,
 }
 
 static struct object_list **process_tree(struct tree *tree,
-					 struct object_list **p,
-					 struct name_path *path,
-					 const char *name)
+					 struct object_list **p)
 {
 	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
 	struct tree_desc desc;
 	struct name_entry entry;
-	struct name_path me;
 
 	obj->flags |= LOCAL;
 
 	if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
 		return p;
 	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
-		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		die("bad tree object %s", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 
 	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	name = xstrdup(name);
 	p = add_one_object(obj, p);
-	me.up = path;
-	me.elem = name;
-	me.elem_len = strlen(name);
 
 	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 
 	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry))
 		switch (object_type(entry.mode)) {
 		case OBJ_TREE:
-			p = process_tree(lookup_tree(entry.sha1), p, &me, name);
+			p = process_tree(lookup_tree(entry.oid->hash), p);
 			break;
 		case OBJ_BLOB:
-			p = process_blob(lookup_blob(entry.sha1), p, &me, name);
+			p = process_blob(lookup_blob(entry.oid->hash), p);
 			break;
 		default:
 			/* Subproject commit - not in this repository */
 			break;
 		}
 
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return p;
 }
 
@@ -1360,7 +1334,7 @@ static int get_delta(struct rev_info *revs, struct remote_lock *lock)
 	int count = 0;
 
 	while ((commit = get_revision(revs)) != NULL) {
-		p = process_tree(commit->tree, p, NULL, "");
+		p = process_tree(commit->tree, p);
 		commit->object.flags |= LOCAL;
 		if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
 			count += add_send_request(&commit->object, lock);
@@ -1379,14 +1353,14 @@ static int get_delta(struct rev_info *revs, struct remote_lock *lock)
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-			p = process_tree((struct tree *)obj, p, NULL, name);
+			p = process_tree((struct tree *)obj, p);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
-			p = process_blob((struct blob *)obj, p, NULL, name);
+			p = process_blob((struct blob *)obj, p);
 			continue;
 		}
-		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
+		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid), name);
 	}
 
 	while (objects) {
@@ -1455,11 +1429,11 @@ static void one_remote_ref(const char *refname)
 	 * Fetch a copy of the object if it doesn't exist locally - it
 	 * may be required for updating server info later.
 	 */
-	if (repo->can_update_info_refs && !has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)) {
-		obj = lookup_unknown_object(ref->old_sha1);
+	if (repo->can_update_info_refs && !has_object_file(&ref->old_oid)) {
+		obj = lookup_unknown_object(ref->old_oid.hash);
 		if (obj) {
 			fprintf(stderr,	"  fetch %s for %s\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), refname);
+				oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid), refname);
 			add_fetch_request(obj);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1477,8 +1451,6 @@ static void add_remote_info_ref(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
 {
 	struct strbuf *buf = (struct strbuf *)ls->userData;
 	struct object *o;
-	int len;
-	char *ref_info;
 	struct ref *ref;
 
 	ref = alloc_ref(ls->dentry_name);
@@ -1492,33 +1464,24 @@ static void add_remote_info_ref(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
+	o = parse_object(ref->old_oid.hash);
 	if (!o) {
 		fprintf(stderr,
 			"Unable to parse object %s for remote ref %s\n",
-			sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ls->dentry_name);
+			oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid), ls->dentry_name);
 		aborted = 1;
 		free(ref);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	len = strlen(ls->dentry_name) + 42;
-	ref_info = xcalloc(len + 1, 1);
-	sprintf(ref_info, "%s	%s\n",
-		sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ls->dentry_name);
-	fwrite_buffer(ref_info, 1, len, buf);
-	free(ref_info);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n",
+		    oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid), ls->dentry_name);
 
 	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, ls->dentry_name, 0);
-		if (o) {
-			len = strlen(ls->dentry_name) + 45;
-			ref_info = xcalloc(len + 1, 1);
-			sprintf(ref_info, "%s	%s^{}\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), ls->dentry_name);
-			fwrite_buffer(ref_info, 1, len, buf);
-			free(ref_info);
-		}
+		if (o)
+			strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n",
+				    oid_to_hex(&o->oid), ls->dentry_name);
 	}
 	free(ref);
 }
@@ -1555,12 +1518,11 @@ static void update_remote_info_refs(struct remote_lock *lock)
 
 static int remote_exists(const char *path)
 {
-	char *url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	char *url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, path);
 	int ret;
 
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
-	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, 0)) {
+	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, NULL)) {
 	case HTTP_OK:
 		ret = 1;
 		break;
@@ -1568,7 +1530,7 @@ static int remote_exists(const char *path)
 		ret = 0;
 		break;
 	case HTTP_ERROR:
-		http_error(url, HTTP_ERROR);
+		error("unable to access '%s': %s", url, curl_errorstr);
 	default:
 		ret = -1;
 	}
@@ -1578,13 +1540,11 @@ static int remote_exists(const char *path)
 
 static void fetch_symref(const char *path, char **symref, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	char *url;
+	char *url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, path);
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *name;
 
-	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
-
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, 0) != HTTP_OK)
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, NULL) != HTTP_OK)
 		die("Couldn't get %s for remote symref\n%s", url,
 		    curl_errorstr);
 	free(url);
@@ -1596,9 +1556,12 @@ static void fetch_symref(const char *path, char **symref, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (buffer.len == 0)
 		return;
 
+	/* Cut off trailing newline. */
+	strbuf_rtrim(&buffer);
+
 	/* If it's a symref, set the refname; otherwise try for a sha1 */
-	if (!prefixcmp((char *)buffer.buf, "ref: ")) {
-		*symref = xmemdupz((char *)buffer.buf + 5, buffer.len - 6);
+	if (skip_prefix(buffer.buf, "ref: ", &name)) {
+		*symref = xmemdupz(name, buffer.len - (name - buffer.buf));
 	} else {
 		get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, sha1);
 	}
@@ -1609,10 +1572,9 @@ static void fetch_symref(const char *path, char **symref, unsigned char *sha1)
 static int verify_merge_base(unsigned char *head_sha1, struct ref *remote)
 {
 	struct commit *head = lookup_commit_or_die(head_sha1, "HEAD");
-	struct commit *branch = lookup_commit_or_die(remote->old_sha1, remote->name);
-	struct commit_list *merge_bases = get_merge_bases(head, branch, 1);
+	struct commit *branch = lookup_commit_or_die(remote->old_oid.hash, remote->name);
 
-	return (merge_bases && !merge_bases->next && merge_bases->item == branch);
+	return in_merge_bases(branch, head);
 }
 
 static int delete_remote_branch(const char *pattern, int force)
@@ -1673,11 +1635,11 @@ static int delete_remote_branch(const char *pattern, int force)
 			return error("Remote HEAD resolves to object %s\nwhich does not exist locally, perhaps you need to fetch?", sha1_to_hex(head_sha1));
 
 		/* Remote branch must resolve to a known object */
-		if (is_null_sha1(remote_ref->old_sha1))
+		if (is_null_oid(&remote_ref->old_oid))
 			return error("Unable to resolve remote branch %s",
 				     remote_ref->name);
-		if (!has_sha1_file(remote_ref->old_sha1))
-			return error("Remote branch %s resolves to object %s\nwhich does not exist locally, perhaps you need to fetch?", remote_ref->name, sha1_to_hex(remote_ref->old_sha1));
+		if (!has_object_file(&remote_ref->old_oid))
+			return error("Remote branch %s resolves to object %s\nwhich does not exist locally, perhaps you need to fetch?", remote_ref->name, oid_to_hex(&remote_ref->old_oid));
 
 		/* Remote branch must be an ancestor of remote HEAD */
 		if (!verify_merge_base(head_sha1, remote_ref)) {
@@ -1693,8 +1655,7 @@ static int delete_remote_branch(const char *pattern, int force)
 	fprintf(stderr, "Removing remote branch '%s'\n", remote_ref->name);
 	if (dry_run)
 		return 0;
-	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(remote_ref->name) + 1);
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, remote_ref->name);
+	url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, remote_ref->name);
 	slot = get_active_slot();
 	slot->results = &results;
 	curl_setup_http_get(slot->curl, url, DAV_DELETE);
@@ -1702,7 +1663,7 @@ static int delete_remote_branch(const char *pattern, int force)
 		run_active_slot(slot);
 		free(url);
 		if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK)
-			return error("DELETE request failed (%d/%ld)\n",
+			return error("DELETE request failed (%d/%ld)",
 				     results.curl_result, results.http_code);
 	} else {
 		free(url);
@@ -1752,7 +1713,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 
-	repo = xcalloc(sizeof(*repo), 1);
+	repo = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*repo));
 
 	argv++;
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++, argv++) {
@@ -1886,15 +1847,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	new_refs = 0;
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		char old_hex[60], *new_hex;
-		const char *commit_argv[5];
-		int commit_argc;
-		char *new_sha1_hex, *old_sha1_hex;
+		struct argv_array commit_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 		if (!ref->peer_ref)
 			continue;
 
-		if (is_null_sha1(ref->peer_ref->new_sha1)) {
+		if (is_null_oid(&ref->peer_ref->new_oid)) {
 			if (delete_remote_branch(ref->name, 1) == -1) {
 				error("Could not remove %s", ref->name);
 				if (helper_status)
@@ -1907,7 +1865,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1)) {
+		if (!oidcmp(&ref->old_oid, &ref->peer_ref->new_oid)) {
 			if (push_verbosely)
 				fprintf(stderr, "'%s': up-to-date\n", ref->name);
 			if (helper_status)
@@ -1916,11 +1874,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 
 		if (!force_all &&
-		    !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
+		    !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid) &&
 		    !ref->force) {
-			if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1) ||
-			    !ref_newer(ref->peer_ref->new_sha1,
-				       ref->old_sha1)) {
+			if (!has_object_file(&ref->old_oid) ||
+			    !ref_newer(&ref->peer_ref->new_oid,
+				       &ref->old_oid)) {
 				/*
 				 * We do not have the remote ref, or
 				 * we know that the remote ref is not
@@ -1941,15 +1899,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
-		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+		oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, &ref->peer_ref->new_oid);
 		new_refs++;
-		strcpy(old_hex, sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1));
-		new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
 
 		fprintf(stderr, "updating '%s'", ref->name);
 		if (strcmp(ref->name, ref->peer_ref->name))
 			fprintf(stderr, " using '%s'", ref->peer_ref->name);
-		fprintf(stderr, "\n  from %s\n  to   %s\n", old_hex, new_hex);
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n  from %s\n  to   %s\n",
+			oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid), oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid));
 		if (dry_run) {
 			if (helper_status)
 				printf("ok %s\n", ref->name);
@@ -1968,33 +1925,21 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 
 		/* Set up revision info for this refspec */
-		commit_argc = 3;
-		new_sha1_hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1));
-		old_sha1_hex = NULL;
-		commit_argv[1] = "--objects";
-		commit_argv[2] = new_sha1_hex;
-		if (!push_all && !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
-			old_sha1_hex = xmalloc(42);
-			sprintf(old_sha1_hex, "^%s",
-				sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1));
-			commit_argv[3] = old_sha1_hex;
-			commit_argc++;
-		}
-		commit_argv[commit_argc] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&commit_argv, ""); /* ignored */
+		argv_array_push(&commit_argv, "--objects");
+		argv_array_push(&commit_argv, oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid));
+		if (!push_all && !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid))
+			argv_array_pushf(&commit_argv, "^%s",
+					 oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid));
 		init_revisions(&revs, setup_git_directory());
-		setup_revisions(commit_argc, commit_argv, &revs, NULL);
+		setup_revisions(commit_argv.argc, commit_argv.argv, &revs, NULL);
 		revs.edge_hint = 0; /* just in case */
-		free(new_sha1_hex);
-		if (old_sha1_hex) {
-			free(old_sha1_hex);
-			commit_argv[1] = NULL;
-		}
 
 		/* Generate a list of objects that need to be pushed */
 		pushing = 0;
 		if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 			die("revision walk setup failed");
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, NULL);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, NULL);
 		objects_to_send = get_delta(&revs, ref_lock);
 		finish_all_active_slots();
 
@@ -2008,7 +1953,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		run_request_queue();
 
 		/* Update the remote branch if all went well */
-		if (aborted || !update_remote(ref->new_sha1, ref_lock))
+		if (aborted || !update_remote(ref->new_oid.hash, ref_lock))
 			rc = 1;
 
 		if (!rc)
@@ -2017,6 +1962,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			printf("%s %s\n", !rc ? "ok" : "error", ref->name);
 		unlock_remote(ref_lock);
 		check_locks();
+		argv_array_clear(&commit_argv);
 	}
 
 	/* Update remote server info if appropriate */
diff --git a/http-walker.c b/http-walker.c
index 51a906e9e3..2c721f0c30 100644
--- a/http-walker.c
+++ b/http-walker.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ struct object_request {
 struct alternates_request {
 	struct walker *walker;
 	const char *base;
-	char *url;
+	struct strbuf *url;
 	struct strbuf *buffer;
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	int http_specific;
@@ -195,10 +195,11 @@ static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
 
 			/* Try reusing the slot to get non-http alternates */
 			alt_req->http_specific = 0;
-			sprintf(alt_req->url, "%s/objects/info/alternates",
-				base);
+			strbuf_reset(alt_req->url);
+			strbuf_addf(alt_req->url, "%s/objects/info/alternates",
+				    base);
 			curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL,
-					 alt_req->url);
+					 alt_req->url->buf);
 			active_requests++;
 			slot->in_use = 1;
 			if (slot->finished != NULL)
@@ -230,7 +231,6 @@ static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
 			int okay = 0;
 			int serverlen = 0;
 			struct alt_base *newalt;
-			char *target = NULL;
 			if (data[i] == '/') {
 				/*
 				 * This counts
@@ -287,17 +287,15 @@ static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
 			}
 			/* skip "objects\n" at end */
 			if (okay) {
-				target = xmalloc(serverlen + posn - i - 6);
-				memcpy(target, base, serverlen);
-				memcpy(target + serverlen, data + i,
-				       posn - i - 7);
-				target[serverlen + posn - i - 7] = 0;
+				struct strbuf target = STRBUF_INIT;
+				strbuf_add(&target, base, serverlen);
+				strbuf_add(&target, data + i, posn - i - 7);
 				if (walker->get_verbosely)
-					fprintf(stderr,
-						"Also look at %s\n", target);
+					fprintf(stderr, "Also look at %s\n",
+						target.buf);
 				newalt = xmalloc(sizeof(*newalt));
 				newalt->next = NULL;
-				newalt->base = target;
+				newalt->base = strbuf_detach(&target, NULL);
 				newalt->got_indices = 0;
 				newalt->packs = NULL;
 
@@ -315,7 +313,7 @@ static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
 static void fetch_alternates(struct walker *walker, const char *base)
 {
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *url;
+	struct strbuf url = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct alternates_request alt_req;
 	struct walker_data *cdata = walker->data;
@@ -341,8 +339,7 @@ static void fetch_alternates(struct walker *walker, const char *base)
 	if (walker->get_verbosely)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Getting alternates list for %s\n", base);
 
-	url = xmalloc(strlen(base) + 31);
-	sprintf(url, "%s/objects/info/http-alternates", base);
+	strbuf_addf(&url, "%s/objects/info/http-alternates", base);
 
 	/*
 	 * Use a callback to process the result, since another request
@@ -355,10 +352,10 @@ static void fetch_alternates(struct walker *walker, const char *base)
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, &buffer);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_buffer);
-	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url.buf);
 
 	alt_req.base = base;
-	alt_req.url = url;
+	alt_req.url = &url;
 	alt_req.buffer = &buffer;
 	alt_req.http_specific = 1;
 	alt_req.slot = slot;
@@ -369,7 +366,7 @@ static void fetch_alternates(struct walker *walker, const char *base)
 		cdata->got_alternates = -1;
 
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	free(url);
+	strbuf_release(&url);
 }
 
 static int fetch_indices(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo)
@@ -396,7 +393,7 @@ static int fetch_indices(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int fetch_pack(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int http_fetch_pack(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct packed_git *target;
 	int ret;
@@ -524,7 +521,7 @@ static int fetch(struct walker *walker, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!fetch_object(walker, altbase, sha1))
 		return 0;
 	while (altbase) {
-		if (!fetch_pack(walker, altbase, sha1))
+		if (!http_fetch_pack(walker, altbase, sha1))
 			return 0;
 		fetch_alternates(walker, data->alt->base);
 		altbase = altbase->next;
@@ -566,8 +563,7 @@ struct walker *get_http_walker(const char *url)
 	struct walker *walker = xmalloc(sizeof(struct walker));
 
 	data->alt = xmalloc(sizeof(*data->alt));
-	data->alt->base = xmalloc(strlen(url) + 1);
-	strcpy(data->alt->base, url);
+	data->alt->base = xstrdup(url);
 	for (s = data->alt->base + strlen(data->alt->base) - 1; *s == '/'; --s)
 		*s = 0;
 
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
index 0ffd79cd81..d8b2bec861 100644
--- a/http.c
+++ b/http.c
@@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "http.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
 #include "credential.h"
-
+#include "version.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "gettext.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+
+static struct trace_key trace_curl = TRACE_KEY_INIT(CURL);
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a08
+long int git_curl_ipresolve = CURL_IPRESOLVE_WHATEVER;
+#else
+long int git_curl_ipresolve;
+#endif
 int active_requests;
 int http_is_verbose;
 size_t http_post_buffer = 16 * LARGE_PACKET_MAX;
@@ -24,27 +36,68 @@ static CURL *curl_default;
 #endif
 
 #define PREV_BUF_SIZE 4096
-#define RANGE_HEADER_SIZE 30
 
 char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
 
 static int curl_ssl_verify = -1;
+static int curl_ssl_try;
 static const char *ssl_cert;
+static const char *ssl_cipherlist;
+static const char *ssl_version;
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	long ssl_version;
+} sslversions[] = {
+	{ "sslv2", CURL_SSLVERSION_SSLv2 },
+	{ "sslv3", CURL_SSLVERSION_SSLv3 },
+	{ "tlsv1", CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1 },
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x072200
+	{ "tlsv1.0", CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_0 },
+	{ "tlsv1.1", CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_1 },
+	{ "tlsv1.2", CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2 },
+#endif
+};
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
 static const char *ssl_key;
 #endif
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070908
 static const char *ssl_capath;
 #endif
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x072c00
+static const char *ssl_pinnedkey;
+#endif
 static const char *ssl_cainfo;
 static long curl_low_speed_limit = -1;
 static long curl_low_speed_time = -1;
 static int curl_ftp_no_epsv;
 static const char *curl_http_proxy;
+static const char *curl_no_proxy;
+static const char *http_proxy_authmethod;
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	long curlauth_param;
+} proxy_authmethods[] = {
+	{ "basic", CURLAUTH_BASIC },
+	{ "digest", CURLAUTH_DIGEST },
+	{ "negotiate", CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE },
+	{ "ntlm", CURLAUTH_NTLM },
+#ifdef LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+	{ "anyauth", CURLAUTH_ANY },
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * CURLAUTH_DIGEST_IE has no corresponding command-line option in
+	 * curl(1) and is not included in CURLAUTH_ANY, so we leave it out
+	 * here, too
+	 */
+};
+static struct credential proxy_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+static const char *curl_proxyuserpwd;
 static const char *curl_cookie_file;
-static struct credential http_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+static int curl_save_cookies;
+struct credential http_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
 static int http_proactive_auth;
 static const char *user_agent;
+static int curl_empty_auth;
 
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071700
 /* Use CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD as is */
@@ -56,12 +109,18 @@ static const char *user_agent;
 
 static struct credential cert_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
 static int ssl_cert_password_required;
+#ifdef LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+static unsigned long http_auth_methods = CURLAUTH_ANY;
+#endif
 
 static struct curl_slist *pragma_header;
 static struct curl_slist *no_pragma_header;
+static struct curl_slist *extra_http_headers;
 
 static struct active_request_slot *active_queue_head;
 
+static char *cached_accept_language;
+
 size_t fread_buffer(char *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *buffer_)
 {
 	size_t size = eltsize * nmemb;
@@ -108,6 +167,40 @@ size_t fwrite_null(char *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *strbuf)
 	return eltsize * nmemb;
 }
 
+static void closedown_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+	active_requests--;
+	slot->in_use = 0;
+}
+
+static void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+	closedown_active_slot(slot);
+	curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE, &slot->http_code);
+
+	if (slot->finished != NULL)
+		(*slot->finished) = 1;
+
+	/* Store slot results so they can be read after the slot is reused */
+	if (slot->results != NULL) {
+		slot->results->curl_result = slot->curl_result;
+		slot->results->http_code = slot->http_code;
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a08
+		curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_HTTPAUTH_AVAIL,
+				  &slot->results->auth_avail);
+#else
+		slot->results->auth_avail = 0;
+#endif
+
+		curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CONNECTCODE,
+			&slot->results->http_connectcode);
+	}
+
+	/* Run callback if appropriate */
+	if (slot->callback_func != NULL)
+		slot->callback_func(slot->callback_data);
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
 static void process_curl_messages(void)
 {
@@ -144,6 +237,10 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		curl_ssl_verify = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslcipherlist", var))
+		return git_config_string(&ssl_cipherlist, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslversion", var))
+		return git_config_string(&ssl_version, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcert", var))
 		return git_config_string(&ssl_cert, var, value);
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
@@ -152,13 +249,16 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 #endif
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070908
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcapath", var))
-		return git_config_string(&ssl_capath, var, value);
+		return git_config_pathname(&ssl_capath, var, value);
 #endif
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcainfo", var))
-		return git_config_string(&ssl_cainfo, var, value);
+		return git_config_pathname(&ssl_cainfo, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcertpasswordprotected", var)) {
-		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
-			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
+		ssl_cert_password_required = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.ssltry", var)) {
+		curl_ssl_try = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp("http.minsessions", var)) {
@@ -191,8 +291,15 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp("http.proxy", var))
 		return git_config_string(&curl_http_proxy, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp("http.proxyauthmethod", var))
+		return git_config_string(&http_proxy_authmethod, var, value);
+
 	if (!strcmp("http.cookiefile", var))
-		return git_config_string(&curl_cookie_file, var, value);
+		return git_config_pathname(&curl_cookie_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp("http.savecookies", var)) {
+		curl_save_cookies = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp("http.postbuffer", var)) {
 		http_post_buffer = git_config_int(var, value);
@@ -204,37 +311,299 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp("http.useragent", var))
 		return git_config_string(&user_agent, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp("http.emptyauth", var)) {
+		curl_empty_auth = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp("http.pinnedpubkey", var)) {
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x072c00
+		return git_config_pathname(&ssl_pinnedkey, var, value);
+#else
+		warning(_("Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"));
+		return 0;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp("http.extraheader", var)) {
+		if (!value) {
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		} else if (!*value) {
+			curl_slist_free_all(extra_http_headers);
+			extra_http_headers = NULL;
+		} else {
+			extra_http_headers =
+				curl_slist_append(extra_http_headers, value);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	/* Fall back on the default ones */
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
 static void init_curl_http_auth(CURL *result)
 {
-	if (http_auth.username) {
-		struct strbuf up = STRBUF_INIT;
-		credential_fill(&http_auth);
-		strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
-			    http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
-		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD,
-				 strbuf_detach(&up, NULL));
+	if (!http_auth.username) {
+		if (curl_empty_auth)
+			curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD, ":");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	credential_fill(&http_auth);
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071301
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERNAME, http_auth.username);
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, http_auth.password);
+#else
+	{
+		static struct strbuf up = STRBUF_INIT;
+		/*
+		 * Note that we assume we only ever have a single set of
+		 * credentials in a given program run, so we do not have
+		 * to worry about updating this buffer, only setting its
+		 * initial value.
+		 */
+		if (!up.len)
+			strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
+				http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD, up.buf);
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+/* *var must be free-able */
+static void var_override(const char **var, char *value)
+{
+	if (value) {
+		free((void *)*var);
+		*var = xstrdup(value);
 	}
 }
 
+static void set_proxyauth_name_password(CURL *result)
+{
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071301
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYUSERNAME,
+			proxy_auth.username);
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYPASSWORD,
+			proxy_auth.password);
+#else
+		struct strbuf s = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr_urlencode(&s, proxy_auth.username, 1);
+		strbuf_addch(&s, ':');
+		strbuf_addstr_urlencode(&s, proxy_auth.password, 1);
+		curl_proxyuserpwd = strbuf_detach(&s, NULL);
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD, curl_proxyuserpwd);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void init_curl_proxy_auth(CURL *result)
+{
+	if (proxy_auth.username) {
+		if (!proxy_auth.password)
+			credential_fill(&proxy_auth);
+		set_proxyauth_name_password(result);
+	}
+
+	var_override(&http_proxy_authmethod, getenv("GIT_HTTP_PROXY_AUTHMETHOD"));
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a07 /* CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH and CURLAUTH_ANY */
+	if (http_proxy_authmethod) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(proxy_authmethods); i++) {
+			if (!strcmp(http_proxy_authmethod, proxy_authmethods[i].name)) {
+				curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH,
+						proxy_authmethods[i].curlauth_param);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(proxy_authmethods)) {
+			warning("unsupported proxy authentication method %s: using anyauth",
+					http_proxy_authmethod);
+			curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY);
+#endif
+}
+
 static int has_cert_password(void)
 {
 	if (ssl_cert == NULL || ssl_cert_password_required != 1)
 		return 0;
 	if (!cert_auth.password) {
 		cert_auth.protocol = xstrdup("cert");
+		cert_auth.username = xstrdup("");
 		cert_auth.path = xstrdup(ssl_cert);
 		credential_fill(&cert_auth);
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071900
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE, 1);
+}
+
+#elif LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071000
+static int sockopt_callback(void *client, curl_socket_t fd, curlsocktype type)
+{
+	int ka = 1;
+	int rc;
+	socklen_t len = (socklen_t)sizeof(ka);
+
+	if (type != CURLSOCKTYPE_IPCXN)
+		return 0;
+
+	rc = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&ka, len);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		warning_errno("unable to set SO_KEEPALIVE on socket");
+
+	return 0; /* CURL_SOCKOPT_OK only exists since curl 7.21.5 */
+}
+
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_SOCKOPTFUNCTION, sockopt_callback);
+}
+
+#else
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	/* not supported on older curl versions */
+}
+#endif
+
+static void redact_sensitive_header(struct strbuf *header)
+{
+	const char *sensitive_header;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(header->buf, "Authorization:", &sensitive_header) ||
+	    skip_prefix(header->buf, "Proxy-Authorization:", &sensitive_header)) {
+		/* The first token is the type, which is OK to log */
+		while (isspace(*sensitive_header))
+			sensitive_header++;
+		while (*sensitive_header && !isspace(*sensitive_header))
+			sensitive_header++;
+		/* Everything else is opaque and possibly sensitive */
+		strbuf_setlen(header,  sensitive_header - header->buf);
+		strbuf_addstr(header, " <redacted>");
+	}
+}
+
+static void curl_dump_header(const char *text, unsigned char *ptr, size_t size, int hide_sensitive_header)
+{
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf **headers, **header;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "%s, %10.10ld bytes (0x%8.8lx)\n",
+		text, (long)size, (long)size);
+	trace_strbuf(&trace_curl, &out);
+	strbuf_reset(&out);
+	strbuf_add(&out, ptr, size);
+	headers = strbuf_split_max(&out, '\n', 0);
+
+	for (header = headers; *header; header++) {
+		if (hide_sensitive_header)
+			redact_sensitive_header(*header);
+		strbuf_insert((*header), 0, text, strlen(text));
+		strbuf_insert((*header), strlen(text), ": ", 2);
+		strbuf_rtrim((*header));
+		strbuf_addch((*header), '\n');
+		trace_strbuf(&trace_curl, (*header));
+	}
+	strbuf_list_free(headers);
+	strbuf_release(&out);
+}
+
+static void curl_dump_data(const char *text, unsigned char *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned int width = 60;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "%s, %10.10ld bytes (0x%8.8lx)\n",
+		text, (long)size, (long)size);
+	trace_strbuf(&trace_curl, &out);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i += width) {
+		size_t w;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&out);
+		strbuf_addf(&out, "%s: ", text);
+		for (w = 0; (w < width) && (i + w < size); w++) {
+			unsigned char ch = ptr[i + w];
+
+			strbuf_addch(&out,
+				       (ch >= 0x20) && (ch < 0x80)
+				       ? ch : '.');
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(&out, '\n');
+		trace_strbuf(&trace_curl, &out);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&out);
+}
+
+static int curl_trace(CURL *handle, curl_infotype type, char *data, size_t size, void *userp)
+{
+	const char *text;
+	enum { NO_FILTER = 0, DO_FILTER = 1 };
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case CURLINFO_TEXT:
+		trace_printf_key(&trace_curl, "== Info: %s", data);
+	default:		/* we ignore unknown types by default */
+		return 0;
+
+	case CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT:
+		text = "=> Send header";
+		curl_dump_header(text, (unsigned char *)data, size, DO_FILTER);
+		break;
+	case CURLINFO_DATA_OUT:
+		text = "=> Send data";
+		curl_dump_data(text, (unsigned char *)data, size);
+		break;
+	case CURLINFO_SSL_DATA_OUT:
+		text = "=> Send SSL data";
+		curl_dump_data(text, (unsigned char *)data, size);
+		break;
+	case CURLINFO_HEADER_IN:
+		text = "<= Recv header";
+		curl_dump_header(text, (unsigned char *)data, size, NO_FILTER);
+		break;
+	case CURLINFO_DATA_IN:
+		text = "<= Recv data";
+		curl_dump_data(text, (unsigned char *)data, size);
+		break;
+	case CURLINFO_SSL_DATA_IN:
+		text = "<= Recv SSL data";
+		curl_dump_data(text, (unsigned char *)data, size);
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void setup_curl_trace(CURL *handle)
+{
+	if (!trace_want(&trace_curl))
+		return;
+	curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
+	curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION, curl_trace);
+	curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_DEBUGDATA, NULL);
+}
+
+
 static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 {
 	CURL *result = curl_easy_init();
+	long allowed_protocols = 0;
+
+	if (!result)
+		die("curl_easy_init failed");
 
 	if (!curl_ssl_verify) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
@@ -256,6 +625,28 @@ static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 	if (http_proactive_auth)
 		init_curl_http_auth(result);
 
+	if (getenv("GIT_SSL_VERSION"))
+		ssl_version = getenv("GIT_SSL_VERSION");
+	if (ssl_version && *ssl_version) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sslversions); i++) {
+			if (!strcmp(ssl_version, sslversions[i].name)) {
+				curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSLVERSION,
+						 sslversions[i].ssl_version);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(sslversions))
+			warning("unsupported ssl version %s: using default",
+				ssl_version);
+	}
+
+	if (getenv("GIT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST"))
+		ssl_cipherlist = getenv("GIT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST");
+	if (ssl_cipherlist != NULL && *ssl_cipherlist)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST,
+				ssl_cipherlist);
+
 	if (ssl_cert != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSLCERT, ssl_cert);
 	if (has_cert_password())
@@ -268,9 +659,12 @@ static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 	if (ssl_capath != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAPATH, ssl_capath);
 #endif
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x072c00
+	if (ssl_pinnedkey != NULL)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY, ssl_pinnedkey);
+#endif
 	if (ssl_cainfo != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAINFO, ssl_cainfo);
-	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
 
 	if (curl_low_speed_limit > 0 && curl_low_speed_time > 0) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT,
@@ -280,23 +674,102 @@ static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 	}
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, 20);
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071301
 	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_POSTREDIR, CURL_REDIR_POST_ALL);
 #elif LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071101
 	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_POST301, 1);
 #endif
-
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071304
+	if (is_transport_allowed("http"))
+		allowed_protocols |= CURLPROTO_HTTP;
+	if (is_transport_allowed("https"))
+		allowed_protocols |= CURLPROTO_HTTPS;
+	if (is_transport_allowed("ftp"))
+		allowed_protocols |= CURLPROTO_FTP;
+	if (is_transport_allowed("ftps"))
+		allowed_protocols |= CURLPROTO_FTPS;
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS, allowed_protocols);
+#else
+	if (transport_restrict_protocols())
+		warning("protocol restrictions not applied to curl redirects because\n"
+			"your curl version is too old (>= 7.19.4)");
+#endif
 	if (getenv("GIT_CURL_VERBOSE"))
-		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
+	setup_curl_trace(result);
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERAGENT,
-		user_agent ? user_agent : GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT);
+		user_agent ? user_agent : git_user_agent());
 
 	if (curl_ftp_no_epsv)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV, 0);
 
-	if (curl_http_proxy)
+#ifdef CURLOPT_USE_SSL
+	if (curl_ssl_try)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USE_SSL, CURLUSESSL_TRY);
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * CURL also examines these variables as a fallback; but we need to query
+	 * them here in order to decide whether to prompt for missing password (cf.
+	 * init_curl_proxy_auth()).
+	 *
+	 * Unlike many other common environment variables, these are historically
+	 * lowercase only. It appears that CURL did not know this and implemented
+	 * only uppercase variants, which was later corrected to take both - with
+	 * the exception of http_proxy, which is lowercase only also in CURL. As
+	 * the lowercase versions are the historical quasi-standard, they take
+	 * precedence here, as in CURL.
+	 */
+	if (!curl_http_proxy) {
+		if (!strcmp(http_auth.protocol, "https")) {
+			var_override(&curl_http_proxy, getenv("HTTPS_PROXY"));
+			var_override(&curl_http_proxy, getenv("https_proxy"));
+		} else {
+			var_override(&curl_http_proxy, getenv("http_proxy"));
+		}
+		if (!curl_http_proxy) {
+			var_override(&curl_http_proxy, getenv("ALL_PROXY"));
+			var_override(&curl_http_proxy, getenv("all_proxy"));
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (curl_http_proxy) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXY, curl_http_proxy);
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071800
+		if (starts_with(curl_http_proxy, "socks5h"))
+			curl_easy_setopt(result,
+				CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE, CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME);
+		else if (starts_with(curl_http_proxy, "socks5"))
+			curl_easy_setopt(result,
+				CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE, CURLPROXY_SOCKS5);
+		else if (starts_with(curl_http_proxy, "socks4a"))
+			curl_easy_setopt(result,
+				CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE, CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A);
+		else if (starts_with(curl_http_proxy, "socks"))
+			curl_easy_setopt(result,
+				CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE, CURLPROXY_SOCKS4);
+#endif
+		if (strstr(curl_http_proxy, "://"))
+			credential_from_url(&proxy_auth, curl_http_proxy);
+		else {
+			struct strbuf url = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&url, "http://%s", curl_http_proxy);
+			credential_from_url(&proxy_auth, url.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&url);
+		}
+
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXY, proxy_auth.host);
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071304
+		var_override(&curl_no_proxy, getenv("NO_PROXY"));
+		var_override(&curl_no_proxy, getenv("no_proxy"));
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_NOPROXY, curl_no_proxy);
+#endif
+	}
+	init_curl_proxy_auth(result);
+
+	set_curl_keepalive(result);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -312,20 +785,36 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url, int proactive_auth)
 {
 	char *low_speed_limit;
 	char *low_speed_time;
+	char *normalized_url;
+	struct urlmatch_config config = { STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP };
+
+	config.section = "http";
+	config.key = NULL;
+	config.collect_fn = http_options;
+	config.cascade_fn = git_default_config;
+	config.cb = NULL;
 
 	http_is_verbose = 0;
+	normalized_url = url_normalize(url, &config.url);
 
-	git_config(http_options, NULL);
+	git_config(urlmatch_config_entry, &config);
+	free(normalized_url);
 
-	curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+	if (curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL) != CURLE_OK)
+		die("curl_global_init failed");
 
 	http_proactive_auth = proactive_auth;
 
 	if (remote && remote->http_proxy)
 		curl_http_proxy = xstrdup(remote->http_proxy);
 
-	pragma_header = curl_slist_append(pragma_header, "Pragma: no-cache");
-	no_pragma_header = curl_slist_append(no_pragma_header, "Pragma:");
+	if (remote)
+		var_override(&http_proxy_authmethod, remote->http_proxy_authmethod);
+
+	pragma_header = curl_slist_append(http_copy_default_headers(),
+		"Pragma: no-cache");
+	no_pragma_header = curl_slist_append(http_copy_default_headers(),
+		"Pragma:");
 
 #ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
 	{
@@ -335,10 +824,8 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url, int proactive_auth)
 	}
 
 	curlm = curl_multi_init();
-	if (curlm == NULL) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Error creating curl multi handle.\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if (!curlm)
+		die("curl_multi_init failed");
 #endif
 
 	if (getenv("GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY"))
@@ -378,7 +865,7 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url, int proactive_auth)
 		credential_from_url(&http_auth, url);
 		if (!ssl_cert_password_required &&
 		    getenv("GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED") &&
-		    !prefixcmp(url, "https://"))
+		    starts_with(url, "https://"))
 			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -413,6 +900,9 @@ void http_cleanup(void)
 #endif
 	curl_global_cleanup();
 
+	curl_slist_free_all(extra_http_headers);
+	extra_http_headers = NULL;
+
 	curl_slist_free_all(pragma_header);
 	pragma_header = NULL;
 
@@ -424,12 +914,27 @@ void http_cleanup(void)
 		curl_http_proxy = NULL;
 	}
 
+	if (proxy_auth.password) {
+		memset(proxy_auth.password, 0, strlen(proxy_auth.password));
+		free(proxy_auth.password);
+		proxy_auth.password = NULL;
+	}
+
+	free((void *)curl_proxyuserpwd);
+	curl_proxyuserpwd = NULL;
+
+	free((void *)http_proxy_authmethod);
+	http_proxy_authmethod = NULL;
+
 	if (cert_auth.password != NULL) {
 		memset(cert_auth.password, 0, strlen(cert_auth.password));
 		free(cert_auth.password);
 		cert_auth.password = NULL;
 	}
 	ssl_cert_password_required = 0;
+
+	free(cached_accept_language);
+	cached_accept_language = NULL;
 }
 
 struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
@@ -484,6 +989,8 @@ struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
 	slot->callback_data = NULL;
 	slot->callback_func = NULL;
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, curl_cookie_file);
+	if (curl_save_cookies)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, curl_cookie_file);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, pragma_header);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, curl_errorstr);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, NULL);
@@ -492,6 +999,17 @@ struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, NULL);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_RANGE, NULL);
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a08
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IPRESOLVE, git_curl_ipresolve);
+#endif
+#ifdef LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, http_auth_methods);
+#endif
+	if (http_auth.password || curl_empty_auth)
+		init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
 
 	return slot;
 }
@@ -617,6 +1135,18 @@ void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 			FD_ZERO(&excfds);
 			curl_multi_fdset(curlm, &readfds, &writefds, &excfds, &max_fd);
 
+			/*
+			 * It can happen that curl_multi_timeout returns a pathologically
+			 * long timeout when curl_multi_fdset returns no file descriptors
+			 * to read.  See commit message for more details.
+			 */
+			if (max_fd < 0 &&
+			    (select_timeout.tv_sec > 0 ||
+			     select_timeout.tv_usec > 50000)) {
+				select_timeout.tv_sec  = 0;
+				select_timeout.tv_usec = 50000;
+			}
+
 			select(max_fd+1, &readfds, &writefds, &excfds, &select_timeout);
 		}
 	}
@@ -628,12 +1158,6 @@ void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 #endif
 }
 
-static void closedown_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
-{
-	active_requests--;
-	slot->in_use = 0;
-}
-
 static void release_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 {
 	closedown_active_slot(slot);
@@ -650,25 +1174,6 @@ static void release_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 #endif
 }
 
-void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
-{
-	closedown_active_slot(slot);
-	curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE, &slot->http_code);
-
-	if (slot->finished != NULL)
-		(*slot->finished) = 1;
-
-	/* Store slot results so they can be read after the slot is reused */
-	if (slot->results != NULL) {
-		slot->results->curl_result = slot->curl_result;
-		slot->results->http_code = slot->http_code;
-	}
-
-	/* Run callback if appropriate */
-	if (slot->callback_func != NULL)
-		slot->callback_func(slot->callback_data);
-}
-
 void finish_all_active_slots(void)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot = active_queue_head;
@@ -731,20 +1236,304 @@ char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
+static int handle_curl_result(struct slot_results *results)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If we see a failing http code with CURLE_OK, we have turned off
+	 * FAILONERROR (to keep the server's custom error response), and should
+	 * translate the code into failure here.
+	 */
+	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK &&
+	    results->http_code >= 400) {
+		results->curl_result = CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR;
+		/*
+		 * Normally curl will already have put the "reason phrase"
+		 * from the server into curl_errorstr; unfortunately without
+		 * FAILONERROR it is lost, so we can give only the numeric
+		 * status code.
+		 */
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "The requested URL returned error: %ld",
+			 results->http_code);
+	}
+
+	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
+		credential_approve(&http_auth);
+		if (proxy_auth.password)
+			credential_approve(&proxy_auth);
+		return HTTP_OK;
+	} else if (missing_target(results))
+		return HTTP_MISSING_TARGET;
+	else if (results->http_code == 401) {
+		if (http_auth.username && http_auth.password) {
+			credential_reject(&http_auth);
+			return HTTP_NOAUTH;
+		} else {
+#ifdef LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+			http_auth_methods &= ~CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE;
+#endif
+			return HTTP_REAUTH;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (results->http_connectcode == 407)
+			credential_reject(&proxy_auth);
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070c00
+		if (!curl_errorstr[0])
+			strlcpy(curl_errorstr,
+				curl_easy_strerror(results->curl_result),
+				sizeof(curl_errorstr));
+#endif
+		return HTTP_ERROR;
+	}
+}
+
+int run_one_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot,
+		 struct slot_results *results)
+{
+	slot->results = results;
+	if (!start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "failed to start HTTP request");
+		return HTTP_START_FAILED;
+	}
+
+	run_active_slot(slot);
+	return handle_curl_result(results);
+}
+
+struct curl_slist *http_copy_default_headers(void)
+{
+	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL, *h;
+
+	for (h = extra_http_headers; h; h = h->next)
+		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, h->data);
+
+	return headers;
+}
+
+static CURLcode curlinfo_strbuf(CURL *curl, CURLINFO info, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *ptr;
+	CURLcode ret;
+
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	ret = curl_easy_getinfo(curl, info, &ptr);
+	if (!ret && ptr)
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, ptr);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for and extract a content-type parameter. "raw"
+ * should be positioned at the start of the potential
+ * parameter, with any whitespace already removed.
+ *
+ * "name" is the name of the parameter. The value is appended
+ * to "out".
+ */
+static int extract_param(const char *raw, const char *name,
+			 struct strbuf *out)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(name);
+
+	if (strncasecmp(raw, name, len))
+		return -1;
+	raw += len;
+
+	if (*raw != '=')
+		return -1;
+	raw++;
+
+	while (*raw && !isspace(*raw) && *raw != ';')
+		strbuf_addch(out, *raw++);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract a normalized version of the content type, with any
+ * spaces suppressed, all letters lowercased, and no trailing ";"
+ * or parameters.
+ *
+ * Note that we will silently remove even invalid whitespace. For
+ * example, "text / plain" is specifically forbidden by RFC 2616,
+ * but "text/plain" is the only reasonable output, and this keeps
+ * our code simple.
+ *
+ * If the "charset" argument is not NULL, store the value of any
+ * charset parameter there.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *   "TEXT/PLAIN; charset=utf-8" -> "text/plain", "utf-8"
+ *   "text / plain" -> "text/plain"
+ */
+static void extract_content_type(struct strbuf *raw, struct strbuf *type,
+				 struct strbuf *charset)
+{
+	const char *p;
+
+	strbuf_reset(type);
+	strbuf_grow(type, raw->len);
+	for (p = raw->buf; *p; p++) {
+		if (isspace(*p))
+			continue;
+		if (*p == ';') {
+			p++;
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(type, tolower(*p));
+	}
+
+	if (!charset)
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_reset(charset);
+	while (*p) {
+		while (isspace(*p) || *p == ';')
+			p++;
+		if (!extract_param(p, "charset", charset))
+			return;
+		while (*p && !isspace(*p))
+			p++;
+	}
+
+	if (!charset->len && starts_with(type->buf, "text/"))
+		strbuf_addstr(charset, "ISO-8859-1");
+}
+
+static void write_accept_language(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	/*
+	 * MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES must not be larger than 3. If it is larger than
+	 * that, q-value will be smaller than 0.001, the minimum q-value the
+	 * HTTP specification allows. See
+	 * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.1 for q-value.
+	 */
+	const int MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES = 3;
+	const int MAX_LANGUAGE_TAGS = 1000;
+	const int MAX_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE_HEADER_SIZE = 4000;
+	char **language_tags = NULL;
+	int num_langs = 0;
+	const char *s = get_preferred_languages();
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf tag = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Don't add Accept-Language header if no language is preferred. */
+	if (!s)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Split the colon-separated string of preferred languages into
+	 * language_tags array.
+	 */
+	do {
+		/* collect language tag */
+		for (; *s && (isalnum(*s) || *s == '_'); s++)
+			strbuf_addch(&tag, *s == '_' ? '-' : *s);
+
+		/* skip .codeset, @modifier and any other unnecessary parts */
+		while (*s && *s != ':')
+			s++;
+
+		if (tag.len) {
+			num_langs++;
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(language_tags, num_langs);
+			language_tags[num_langs - 1] = strbuf_detach(&tag, NULL);
+			if (num_langs >= MAX_LANGUAGE_TAGS - 1) /* -1 for '*' */
+				break;
+		}
+	} while (*s++);
+
+	/* write Accept-Language header into buf */
+	if (num_langs) {
+		int last_buf_len = 0;
+		int max_q;
+		int decimal_places;
+		char q_format[32];
+
+		/* add '*' */
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(language_tags, num_langs + 1);
+		language_tags[num_langs++] = "*"; /* it's OK; this won't be freed */
+
+		/* compute decimal_places */
+		for (max_q = 1, decimal_places = 0;
+		     max_q < num_langs && decimal_places <= MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES;
+		     decimal_places++, max_q *= 10)
+			;
+
+		xsnprintf(q_format, sizeof(q_format), ";q=0.%%0%dd", decimal_places);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, "Accept-Language: ");
+
+		for (i = 0; i < num_langs; i++) {
+			if (i > 0)
+				strbuf_addstr(buf, ", ");
+
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, language_tags[i]);
+
+			if (i > 0)
+				strbuf_addf(buf, q_format, max_q - i);
+
+			if (buf->len > MAX_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE_HEADER_SIZE) {
+				strbuf_remove(buf, last_buf_len, buf->len - last_buf_len);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			last_buf_len = buf->len;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* free language tags -- last one is a static '*' */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_langs - 1; i++)
+		free(language_tags[i]);
+	free(language_tags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get an Accept-Language header which indicates user's preferred languages.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   LANGUAGE= -> ""
+ *   LANGUAGE=ko:en -> "Accept-Language: ko, en; q=0.9, *; q=0.1"
+ *   LANGUAGE=ko_KR.UTF-8:sr@latin -> "Accept-Language: ko-KR, sr; q=0.9, *; q=0.1"
+ *   LANGUAGE=ko LANG=en_US.UTF-8 -> "Accept-Language: ko, *; q=0.1"
+ *   LANGUAGE= LANG=en_US.UTF-8 -> "Accept-Language: en-US, *; q=0.1"
+ *   LANGUAGE= LANG=C -> ""
+ */
+static const char *get_accept_language(void)
+{
+	if (!cached_accept_language) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		write_accept_language(&buf);
+		if (buf.len > 0)
+			cached_accept_language = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	}
+
+	return cached_accept_language;
+}
+
+static void http_opt_request_remainder(CURL *curl, off_t pos)
+{
+	char buf[128];
+	xsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%"PRIuMAX"-", (uintmax_t)pos);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_RANGE, buf);
+}
+
 /* http_request() targets */
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF	0
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_FILE	1
 
-static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
+static int http_request(const char *url,
+			void *result, int target,
+			const struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
-	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *headers = http_copy_default_headers();
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *accept_language;
 	int ret;
 
 	slot = get_active_slot();
-	slot->results = &results;
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
 
 	if (result == NULL) {
@@ -754,85 +1543,156 @@ static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
 		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, result);
 
 		if (target == HTTP_REQUEST_FILE) {
-			long posn = ftell(result);
+			off_t posn = ftello(result);
 			curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,
 					 fwrite);
-			if (posn > 0) {
-				strbuf_addf(&buf, "Range: bytes=%ld-", posn);
-				headers = curl_slist_append(headers, buf.buf);
-				strbuf_reset(&buf);
-			}
+			if (posn > 0)
+				http_opt_request_remainder(slot->curl, posn);
 		} else
 			curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,
 					 fwrite_buffer);
 	}
 
+	accept_language = get_accept_language();
+
+	if (accept_language)
+		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, accept_language);
+
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Pragma:");
-	if (options & HTTP_NO_CACHE)
+	if (options && options->no_cache)
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, " no-cache");
+	if (options && options->keep_error)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 0);
 
 	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, buf.buf);
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
 
-	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
-		run_active_slot(slot);
-		if (results.curl_result == CURLE_OK)
-			ret = HTTP_OK;
-		else if (missing_target(&results))
-			ret = HTTP_MISSING_TARGET;
-		else if (results.http_code == 401) {
-			if (http_auth.username && http_auth.password) {
-				credential_reject(&http_auth);
-				ret = HTTP_NOAUTH;
-			} else {
-				credential_fill(&http_auth);
-				init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
-				ret = HTTP_REAUTH;
-			}
-		} else {
-			if (!curl_errorstr[0])
-				strlcpy(curl_errorstr,
-					curl_easy_strerror(results.curl_result),
-					sizeof(curl_errorstr));
-			ret = HTTP_ERROR;
-		}
-	} else {
-		error("Unable to start HTTP request for %s", url);
-		ret = HTTP_START_FAILED;
+	ret = run_one_slot(slot, &results);
+
+	if (options && options->content_type) {
+		struct strbuf raw = STRBUF_INIT;
+		curlinfo_strbuf(slot->curl, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE, &raw);
+		extract_content_type(&raw, options->content_type,
+				     options->charset);
+		strbuf_release(&raw);
 	}
 
+	if (options && options->effective_url)
+		curlinfo_strbuf(slot->curl, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL,
+				options->effective_url);
+
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	if (ret == HTTP_OK)
-		credential_approve(&http_auth);
-
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int http_request_reauth(const char *url, void *result, int target,
-			       int options)
+/*
+ * Update the "base" url to a more appropriate value, as deduced by
+ * redirects seen when requesting a URL starting with "url".
+ *
+ * The "asked" parameter is a URL that we asked curl to access, and must begin
+ * with "base".
+ *
+ * The "got" parameter is the URL that curl reported to us as where we ended
+ * up.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if we updated the base url, 0 otherwise.
+ *
+ * Our basic strategy is to compare "base" and "asked" to find the bits
+ * specific to our request. We then strip those bits off of "got" to yield the
+ * new base. So for example, if our base is "http://example.com/foo.git",
+ * and we ask for "http://example.com/foo.git/info/refs", we might end up
+ * with "https://other.example.com/foo.git/info/refs". We would want the
+ * new URL to become "https://other.example.com/foo.git".
+ *
+ * Note that this assumes a sane redirect scheme. It's entirely possible
+ * in the example above to end up at a URL that does not even end in
+ * "info/refs".  In such a case we simply punt, as there is not much we can
+ * do (and such a scheme is unlikely to represent a real git repository,
+ * which means we are likely about to abort anyway).
+ */
+static int update_url_from_redirect(struct strbuf *base,
+				    const char *asked,
+				    const struct strbuf *got)
+{
+	const char *tail;
+	size_t tail_len;
+
+	if (!strcmp(asked, got->buf))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(asked, base->buf, &tail))
+		die("BUG: update_url_from_redirect: %s is not a superset of %s",
+		    asked, base->buf);
+
+	tail_len = strlen(tail);
+
+	if (got->len < tail_len ||
+	    strcmp(tail, got->buf + got->len - tail_len))
+		return 0; /* insane redirect scheme */
+
+	strbuf_reset(base);
+	strbuf_add(base, got->buf, got->len - tail_len);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int http_request_reauth(const char *url,
+			       void *result, int target,
+			       struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	int ret = http_request(url, result, target, options);
+
+	if (options && options->effective_url && options->base_url) {
+		if (update_url_from_redirect(options->base_url,
+					     url, options->effective_url)) {
+			credential_from_url(&http_auth, options->base_url->buf);
+			url = options->effective_url->buf;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (ret != HTTP_REAUTH)
 		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are using KEEP_ERROR, the previous request may have
+	 * put cruft into our output stream; we should clear it out before
+	 * making our next request. We only know how to do this for
+	 * the strbuf case, but that is enough to satisfy current callers.
+	 */
+	if (options && options->keep_error) {
+		switch (target) {
+		case HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF:
+			strbuf_reset(result);
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("BUG: HTTP_KEEP_ERROR is only supported with strbufs");
+		}
+	}
+
+	credential_fill(&http_auth);
+
 	return http_request(url, result, target, options);
 }
 
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options)
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url,
+		    struct strbuf *result,
+		    struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	return http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF, options);
 }
 
 /*
- * Downloads an url and stores the result in the given file.
+ * Downloads a URL and stores the result in the given file.
  *
  * If a previous interrupted download is detected (i.e. a previous temporary
  * file is still around) the download is resumed.
  */
-static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
+static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename,
+			 struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct strbuf tmpfile = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -840,7 +1700,7 @@ static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
 
 	strbuf_addf(&tmpfile, "%s.temp", filename);
 	result = fopen(tmpfile.buf, "a");
-	if (! result) {
+	if (!result) {
 		error("Unable to open local file %s", tmpfile.buf);
 		ret = HTTP_ERROR;
 		goto cleanup;
@@ -849,34 +1709,28 @@ static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
 	ret = http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_FILE, options);
 	fclose(result);
 
-	if ((ret == HTTP_OK) && move_temp_to_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
+	if (ret == HTTP_OK && finalize_object_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
 		ret = HTTP_ERROR;
 cleanup:
 	strbuf_release(&tmpfile);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret)
-{
-	/* http_request has already handled HTTP_START_FAILED. */
-	if (ret != HTTP_START_FAILED)
-		error("%s while accessing %s", curl_errorstr, url);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref)
 {
+	struct http_get_options options = {0};
 	char *url;
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = -1;
 
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+
 	url = quote_ref_url(base, ref->name);
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE) == HTTP_OK) {
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, &options) == HTTP_OK) {
 		strbuf_rtrim(&buffer);
 		if (buffer.len == 40)
-			ret = get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, ref->old_sha1);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(buffer.buf, "ref: ")) {
+			ret = get_oid_hex(buffer.buf, &ref->old_oid);
+		else if (starts_with(buffer.buf, "ref: ")) {
 			ref->symref = xstrdup(buffer.buf + 5);
 			ret = 0;
 		}
@@ -903,8 +1757,8 @@ static char *fetch_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *base_url)
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.temp", sha1_pack_index_name(sha1));
 	tmp = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
-	if (http_get_file(url, tmp, 0) != HTTP_OK) {
-		error("Unable to get pack index %s\n", url);
+	if (http_get_file(url, tmp, NULL) != HTTP_OK) {
+		error("Unable to get pack index %s", url);
 		free(tmp);
 		tmp = NULL;
 	}
@@ -921,7 +1775,7 @@ static int fetch_and_setup_pack_index(struct packed_git **packs_head,
 	int ret;
 
 	if (has_pack_index(sha1)) {
-		new_pack = parse_pack_index(sha1, NULL);
+		new_pack = parse_pack_index(sha1, sha1_pack_index_name(sha1));
 		if (!new_pack)
 			return -1; /* parse_pack_index() already issued error message */
 		goto add_pack;
@@ -942,7 +1796,7 @@ static int fetch_and_setup_pack_index(struct packed_git **packs_head,
 	ret = verify_pack_index(new_pack);
 	if (!ret) {
 		close_pack_index(new_pack);
-		ret = move_temp_to_file(tmp_idx, sha1_pack_index_name(sha1));
+		ret = finalize_object_file(tmp_idx, sha1_pack_index_name(sha1));
 	}
 	free(tmp_idx);
 	if (ret)
@@ -956,6 +1810,7 @@ add_pack:
 
 int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
 {
+	struct http_get_options options = {0};
 	int ret = 0, i = 0;
 	char *url, *data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -965,7 +1820,8 @@ int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "objects/info/packs");
 	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
-	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, &options);
 	if (ret != HTTP_OK)
 		goto cleanup;
 
@@ -975,8 +1831,8 @@ int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
 		case 'P':
 			i++;
 			if (i + 52 <= buf.len &&
-			    !prefixcmp(data + i, " pack-") &&
-			    !prefixcmp(data + i + 46, ".pack\n")) {
+			    starts_with(data + i, " pack-") &&
+			    starts_with(data + i + 46, ".pack\n")) {
 				get_sha1_hex(data + i + 6, sha1);
 				fetch_and_setup_pack_index(packs_head, sha1,
 						      base_url);
@@ -1001,12 +1857,9 @@ void release_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 		fclose(preq->packfile);
 		preq->packfile = NULL;
 	}
-	if (preq->range_header != NULL) {
-		curl_slist_free_all(preq->range_header);
-		preq->range_header = NULL;
-	}
 	preq->slot = NULL;
 	free(preq->url);
+	free(preq);
 }
 
 int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
@@ -1014,7 +1867,8 @@ int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 	struct packed_git **lst;
 	struct packed_git *p = preq->target;
 	char *tmp_idx;
-	struct child_process ip;
+	size_t len;
+	struct child_process ip = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *ip_argv[8];
 
 	close_pack_index(p);
@@ -1027,9 +1881,9 @@ int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 		lst = &((*lst)->next);
 	*lst = (*lst)->next;
 
-	tmp_idx = xstrdup(preq->tmpfile);
-	strcpy(tmp_idx + strlen(tmp_idx) - strlen(".pack.temp"),
-	       ".idx.temp");
+	if (!strip_suffix(preq->tmpfile, ".pack.temp", &len))
+		die("BUG: pack tmpfile does not end in .pack.temp?");
+	tmp_idx = xstrfmt("%.*s.idx.temp", (int)len, preq->tmpfile);
 
 	ip_argv[0] = "index-pack";
 	ip_argv[1] = "-o";
@@ -1037,7 +1891,6 @@ int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 	ip_argv[3] = preq->tmpfile;
 	ip_argv[4] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
 	ip.argv = ip_argv;
 	ip.git_cmd = 1;
 	ip.no_stdin = 1;
@@ -1052,8 +1905,8 @@ int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 
 	unlink(sha1_pack_index_name(p->sha1));
 
-	if (move_temp_to_file(preq->tmpfile, sha1_pack_name(p->sha1))
-	 || move_temp_to_file(tmp_idx, sha1_pack_index_name(p->sha1))) {
+	if (finalize_object_file(preq->tmpfile, sha1_pack_name(p->sha1))
+	 || finalize_object_file(tmp_idx, sha1_pack_index_name(p->sha1))) {
 		free(tmp_idx);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -1066,8 +1919,7 @@ int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 struct http_pack_request *new_http_pack_request(
 	struct packed_git *target, const char *base_url)
 {
-	long prev_posn = 0;
-	char range[RANGE_HEADER_SIZE];
+	off_t prev_posn = 0;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct http_pack_request *preq;
 
@@ -1099,16 +1951,13 @@ struct http_pack_request *new_http_pack_request(
 	 * If there is data present from a previous transfer attempt,
 	 * resume where it left off
 	 */
-	prev_posn = ftell(preq->packfile);
+	prev_posn = ftello(preq->packfile);
 	if (prev_posn>0) {
 		if (http_is_verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr,
-				"Resuming fetch of pack %s at byte %ld\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(target->sha1), prev_posn);
-		sprintf(range, "Range: bytes=%ld-", prev_posn);
-		preq->range_header = curl_slist_append(NULL, range);
-		curl_easy_setopt(preq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,
-			preq->range_header);
+				"Resuming fetch of pack %s at byte %"PRIuMAX"\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(target->sha1), (uintmax_t)prev_posn);
+		http_opt_request_remainder(preq->slot->curl, prev_posn);
 	}
 
 	return preq;
@@ -1152,14 +2001,12 @@ struct http_object_request *new_http_object_request(const char *base_url,
 	unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	char *hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
-	char *filename;
+	const char *filename;
 	char prevfile[PATH_MAX];
 	int prevlocal;
 	char prev_buf[PREV_BUF_SIZE];
 	ssize_t prev_read = 0;
-	long prev_posn = 0;
-	char range[RANGE_HEADER_SIZE];
-	struct curl_slist *range_header = NULL;
+	off_t prev_posn = 0;
 	struct http_object_request *freq;
 
 	freq = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*freq));
@@ -1195,8 +2042,7 @@ struct http_object_request *new_http_object_request(const char *base_url,
 	}
 
 	if (freq->localfile < 0) {
-		error("Couldn't create temporary file %s: %s",
-		      freq->tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+		error_errno("Couldn't create temporary file %s", freq->tmpfile);
 		goto abort;
 	}
 
@@ -1241,8 +2087,8 @@ struct http_object_request *new_http_object_request(const char *base_url,
 			prev_posn = 0;
 			lseek(freq->localfile, 0, SEEK_SET);
 			if (ftruncate(freq->localfile, 0) < 0) {
-				error("Couldn't truncate temporary file %s: %s",
-					  freq->tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+				error_errno("Couldn't truncate temporary file %s",
+					    freq->tmpfile);
 				goto abort;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1263,12 +2109,9 @@ struct http_object_request *new_http_object_request(const char *base_url,
 	if (prev_posn>0) {
 		if (http_is_verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr,
-				"Resuming fetch of object %s at byte %ld\n",
-				hex, prev_posn);
-		sprintf(range, "Range: bytes=%ld-", prev_posn);
-		range_header = curl_slist_append(range_header, range);
-		curl_easy_setopt(freq->slot->curl,
-				 CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, range_header);
+				"Resuming fetch of object %s at byte %"PRIuMAX"\n",
+				hex, (uintmax_t)prev_posn);
+		http_opt_request_remainder(freq->slot->curl, prev_posn);
 	}
 
 	return freq;
@@ -1317,7 +2160,7 @@ int finish_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq)
 		return -1;
 	}
 	freq->rename =
-		move_temp_to_file(freq->tmpfile, sha1_file_name(freq->sha1));
+		finalize_object_file(freq->tmpfile, sha1_file_name(freq->sha1));
 
 	return freq->rename;
 }
diff --git a/http.h b/http.h
index 0b61653894..5ab9d9c329 100644
--- a/http.h
+++ b/http.h
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
 /*
  * We detect based on the cURL version if multi-transfer is
  * usable in this implementation and define this symbol accordingly.
- * This is not something Makefile should set nor users should pass
- * via CFLAGS.
+ * This shouldn't be set by the Makefile or by the user (e.g. via CFLAGS).
  */
 #undef USE_CURL_MULTI
 
@@ -42,9 +41,20 @@
 #define NO_CURL_IOCTL
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * CURLOPT_USE_SSL was known as CURLOPT_FTP_SSL up to 7.16.4,
+ * and the constants were known as CURLFTPSSL_*
+*/
+#if !defined(CURLOPT_USE_SSL) && defined(CURLOPT_FTP_SSL)
+#define CURLOPT_USE_SSL CURLOPT_FTP_SSL
+#define CURLUSESSL_TRY CURLFTPSSL_TRY
+#endif
+
 struct slot_results {
 	CURLcode curl_result;
 	long http_code;
+	long auth_avail;
+	long http_connectcode;
 };
 
 struct active_request_slot {
@@ -76,9 +86,17 @@ extern curlioerr ioctl_buffer(CURL *handle, int cmd, void *clientp);
 extern struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void);
 extern int start_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
 extern void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
-extern void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
 extern void finish_all_active_slots(void);
 
+/*
+ * This will run one slot to completion in a blocking manner, similar to how
+ * curl_easy_perform would work (but we don't want to use that, because
+ * we do not want to intermingle calls to curl_multi and curl_easy).
+ *
+ */
+int run_one_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot,
+		 struct slot_results *results);
+
 #ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
 extern void fill_active_slots(void);
 extern void add_fill_function(void *data, int (*fill)(void *));
@@ -88,10 +106,13 @@ extern void step_active_slots(void);
 extern void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url,
 		      int proactive_auth);
 extern void http_cleanup(void);
+extern struct curl_slist *http_copy_default_headers(void);
 
+extern long int git_curl_ipresolve;
 extern int active_requests;
 extern int http_is_verbose;
 extern size_t http_post_buffer;
+extern struct credential http_auth;
 
 extern char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
 
@@ -115,10 +136,37 @@ extern void append_remote_object_url(struct strbuf *buf, const char *url,
 extern char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 				   int only_two_digit_prefix);
 
-/* Options for http_request_*() */
-#define HTTP_NO_CACHE		1
+/* Options for http_get_*() */
+struct http_get_options {
+	unsigned no_cache:1,
+		 keep_error:1;
+
+	/* If non-NULL, returns the content-type of the response. */
+	struct strbuf *content_type;
+
+	/*
+	 * If non-NULL, and content_type above is non-NULL, returns
+	 * the charset parameter from the content-type. If none is
+	 * present, returns an empty string.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf *charset;
+
+	/*
+	 * If non-NULL, returns the URL we ended up at, including any
+	 * redirects we followed.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf *effective_url;
+
+	/*
+	 * If both base_url and effective_url are non-NULL, the base URL will
+	 * be munged to reflect any redirections going from the requested url
+	 * to effective_url. See the definition of update_url_from_redirect
+	 * for details.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf *base_url;
+};
 
-/* Return values for http_request_*() */
+/* Return values for http_get_*() */
 #define HTTP_OK			0
 #define HTTP_MISSING_TARGET	1
 #define HTTP_ERROR		2
@@ -127,17 +175,11 @@ extern char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 #define HTTP_NOAUTH	5
 
 /*
- * Requests an url and stores the result in a strbuf.
+ * Requests a URL and stores the result in a strbuf.
  *
  * If the result pointer is NULL, a HTTP HEAD request is made instead of GET.
  */
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options);
-
-/*
- * Prints an error message using error() containing url and curl_errorstr,
- * and returns ret.
- */
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret);
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, struct http_get_options *options);
 
 extern int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref);
 
@@ -151,7 +193,6 @@ struct http_pack_request {
 	struct packed_git **lst;
 	FILE *packfile;
 	char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
-	struct curl_slist *range_header;
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 };
 
@@ -184,4 +225,6 @@ extern int finish_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq);
 extern void abort_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq);
 extern void release_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq);
 
+/* setup routine for curl_easy_setopt CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION */
+void setup_curl_trace(CURL *handle);
 #endif /* HTTP_H */
diff --git a/ident.c b/ident.c
index f619619b82..139c5289d0 100644
--- a/ident.c
+++ b/ident.c
@@ -7,7 +7,20 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 
-static char git_default_date[50];
+static struct strbuf git_default_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct strbuf git_default_email = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct strbuf git_default_date = STRBUF_INIT;
+static int default_email_is_bogus;
+static int default_name_is_bogus;
+
+static int ident_use_config_only;
+
+#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
+#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
+#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
+static int committer_ident_explicitly_given;
+static int author_ident_explicitly_given;
+static int ident_config_given;
 
 #ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
 #define get_gecos(ignored) "&"
@@ -15,152 +28,160 @@ static char git_default_date[50];
 #define get_gecos(struct_passwd) ((struct_passwd)->pw_gecos)
 #endif
 
-static void copy_gecos(const struct passwd *w, char *name, size_t sz)
+static struct passwd *xgetpwuid_self(int *is_bogus)
 {
-	char *src, *dst;
-	size_t len, nlen;
+	struct passwd *pw;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+	if (!pw) {
+		static struct passwd fallback;
+		fallback.pw_name = "unknown";
+#ifndef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+		fallback.pw_gecos = "Unknown";
+#endif
+		pw = &fallback;
+		if (is_bogus)
+			*is_bogus = 1;
+	}
+	return pw;
+}
 
-	nlen = strlen(w->pw_name);
+static void copy_gecos(const struct passwd *w, struct strbuf *name)
+{
+	char *src;
 
 	/* Traditionally GECOS field had office phone numbers etc, separated
 	 * with commas.  Also & stands for capitalized form of the login name.
 	 */
 
-	for (len = 0, dst = name, src = get_gecos(w); len < sz; src++) {
+	for (src = get_gecos(w); *src && *src != ','; src++) {
 		int ch = *src;
-		if (ch != '&') {
-			*dst++ = ch;
-			if (ch == 0 || ch == ',')
-				break;
-			len++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (len + nlen < sz) {
+		if (ch != '&')
+			strbuf_addch(name, ch);
+		else {
 			/* Sorry, Mr. McDonald... */
-			*dst++ = toupper(*w->pw_name);
-			memcpy(dst, w->pw_name + 1, nlen - 1);
-			dst += nlen - 1;
-			len += nlen;
+			strbuf_addch(name, toupper(*w->pw_name));
+			strbuf_addstr(name, w->pw_name + 1);
 		}
 	}
-	if (len < sz)
-		name[len] = 0;
-	else
-		die("Your parents must have hated you!");
-
 }
 
-static int add_mailname_host(char *buf, size_t len)
+static int add_mailname_host(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	FILE *mailname;
+	struct strbuf mailnamebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	mailname = fopen("/etc/mailname", "r");
 	if (!mailname) {
 		if (errno != ENOENT)
-			warning("cannot open /etc/mailname: %s",
-				strerror(errno));
+			warning_errno("cannot open /etc/mailname");
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (!fgets(buf, len, mailname)) {
+	if (strbuf_getline(&mailnamebuf, mailname) == EOF) {
 		if (ferror(mailname))
-			warning("cannot read /etc/mailname: %s",
-				strerror(errno));
+			warning_errno("cannot read /etc/mailname");
+		strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 		fclose(mailname);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	/* success! */
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &mailnamebuf);
+	strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 	fclose(mailname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_domainname(char *buf, size_t len)
+static int canonical_name(const char *host, struct strbuf *out)
 {
-	struct hostent *he;
-	size_t namelen;
-	const char *domainname;
+	int status = -1;
+
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+	struct addrinfo hints, *ai;
+	memset (&hints, '\0', sizeof (hints));
+	hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
+	if (!getaddrinfo(host, NULL, &hints, &ai)) {
+		if (ai && strchr(ai->ai_canonname, '.')) {
+			strbuf_addstr(out, ai->ai_canonname);
+			status = 0;
+		}
+		freeaddrinfo(ai);
+	}
+#else
+	struct hostent *he = gethostbyname(host);
+	if (he && strchr(he->h_name, '.')) {
+		strbuf_addstr(out, he->h_name);
+		status = 0;
+	}
+#endif /* NO_IPV6 */
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+static void add_domainname(struct strbuf *out, int *is_bogus)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
 
-	if (gethostname(buf, len)) {
-		warning("cannot get host name: %s", strerror(errno));
-		strlcpy(buf, "(none)", len);
+	if (gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf))) {
+		warning_errno("cannot get host name");
+		strbuf_addstr(out, "(none)");
+		*is_bogus = 1;
 		return;
 	}
-	namelen = strlen(buf);
-	if (memchr(buf, '.', namelen))
-		return;
-
-	he = gethostbyname(buf);
-	buf[namelen++] = '.';
-	buf += namelen;
-	len -= namelen;
-	if (he && (domainname = strchr(he->h_name, '.')))
-		strlcpy(buf, domainname + 1, len);
-	else
-		strlcpy(buf, "(none)", len);
+	if (strchr(buf, '.'))
+		strbuf_addstr(out, buf);
+	else if (canonical_name(buf, out) < 0) {
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s.(none)", buf);
+		*is_bogus = 1;
+	}
 }
 
-static void copy_email(const struct passwd *pw)
+static void copy_email(const struct passwd *pw, struct strbuf *email,
+		       int *is_bogus)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Make up a fake email address
 	 * (name + '@' + hostname [+ '.' + domainname])
 	 */
-	size_t len = strlen(pw->pw_name);
-	if (len > sizeof(git_default_email)/2)
-		die("Your sysadmin must hate you!");
-	memcpy(git_default_email, pw->pw_name, len);
-	git_default_email[len++] = '@';
-
-	if (!add_mailname_host(git_default_email + len,
-				sizeof(git_default_email) - len))
+	strbuf_addstr(email, pw->pw_name);
+	strbuf_addch(email, '@');
+
+	if (!add_mailname_host(email))
 		return;	/* read from "/etc/mailname" (Debian) */
-	add_domainname(git_default_email + len,
-			sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
+	add_domainname(email, is_bogus);
 }
 
-static void setup_ident(const char **name, const char **emailp)
+const char *ident_default_name(void)
 {
-	struct passwd *pw = NULL;
-
-	/* Get the name ("gecos") */
-	if (!*name && !git_default_name[0]) {
-		pw = getpwuid(getuid());
-		if (!pw)
-			die("You don't exist. Go away!");
-		copy_gecos(pw, git_default_name, sizeof(git_default_name));
+	if (!git_default_name.len) {
+		copy_gecos(xgetpwuid_self(&default_name_is_bogus), &git_default_name);
+		strbuf_trim(&git_default_name);
 	}
-	if (!*name)
-		*name = git_default_name;
+	return git_default_name.buf;
+}
 
-	if (!*emailp && !git_default_email[0]) {
+const char *ident_default_email(void)
+{
+	if (!git_default_email.len) {
 		const char *email = getenv("EMAIL");
 
 		if (email && email[0]) {
-			strlcpy(git_default_email, email,
-				sizeof(git_default_email));
-			user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
-		} else {
-			if (!pw)
-				pw = getpwuid(getuid());
-			if (!pw)
-				die("You don't exist. Go away!");
-			copy_email(pw);
-		}
+			strbuf_addstr(&git_default_email, email);
+			committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+			author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		} else
+			copy_email(xgetpwuid_self(&default_email_is_bogus),
+				   &git_default_email, &default_email_is_bogus);
+		strbuf_trim(&git_default_email);
 	}
-	if (!*emailp)
-		*emailp = git_default_email;
-
-	/* And set the default date */
-	if (!git_default_date[0])
-		datestamp(git_default_date, sizeof(git_default_date));
+	return git_default_email.buf;
 }
 
-static int add_raw(char *buf, size_t size, int offset, const char *str)
+static const char *ident_default_date(void)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(str);
-	if (offset + len > size)
-		return size;
-	memcpy(buf + offset, str, len);
-	return offset + len;
+	if (!git_default_date.len)
+		datestamp(&git_default_date);
+	return git_default_date.buf;
 }
 
 static int crud(unsigned char c)
@@ -181,7 +202,7 @@ static int crud(unsigned char c)
  * Copy over a string to the destination, but avoid special
  * characters ('\n', '<' and '>') and remove crud at the end
  */
-static int copy(char *buf, size_t size, int offset, const char *src)
+static void strbuf_addstr_without_crud(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	size_t i, len;
 	unsigned char c;
@@ -205,19 +226,103 @@ static int copy(char *buf, size_t size, int offset, const char *src)
 	/*
 	 * Copy the rest to the buffer, but avoid the special
 	 * characters '\n' '<' and '>' that act as delimiters on
-	 * an identification line
+	 * an identification line. We can only remove crud, never add it,
+	 * so 'len' is our maximum.
 	 */
+	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		c = *src++;
 		switch (c) {
 		case '\n': case '<': case '>':
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (offset >= size)
-			return size;
-		buf[offset++] = c;
+		sb->buf[sb->len++] = c;
 	}
-	return offset;
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reverse of fmt_ident(); given an ident line, split the fields
+ * to allow the caller to parse it.
+ * Signal a success by returning 0, but date/tz fields of the result
+ * can still be NULL if the input line only has the name/email part
+ * (e.g. reading from a reflog entry).
+ */
+int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *split, const char *line, int len)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+	size_t span;
+	int status = -1;
+
+	memset(split, 0, sizeof(*split));
+
+	split->name_begin = line;
+	for (cp = line; *cp && cp < line + len; cp++)
+		if (*cp == '<') {
+			split->mail_begin = cp + 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (!split->mail_begin)
+		return status;
+
+	for (cp = split->mail_begin - 2; line <= cp; cp--)
+		if (!isspace(*cp)) {
+			split->name_end = cp + 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (!split->name_end) {
+		/* no human readable name */
+		split->name_end = split->name_begin;
+	}
+
+	for (cp = split->mail_begin; cp < line + len; cp++)
+		if (*cp == '>') {
+			split->mail_end = cp;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (!split->mail_end)
+		return status;
+
+	/*
+	 * Look from the end-of-line to find the trailing ">" of the mail
+	 * address, even though we should already know it as split->mail_end.
+	 * This can help in cases of broken idents with an extra ">" somewhere
+	 * in the email address.  Note that we are assuming the timestamp will
+	 * never have a ">" in it.
+	 *
+	 * Note that we will always find some ">" before going off the front of
+	 * the string, because will always hit the split->mail_end closing
+	 * bracket.
+	 */
+	for (cp = line + len - 1; *cp != '>'; cp--)
+		;
+
+	for (cp = cp + 1; cp < line + len && isspace(*cp); cp++)
+		;
+	if (line + len <= cp)
+		goto person_only;
+	split->date_begin = cp;
+	span = strspn(cp, "0123456789");
+	if (!span)
+		goto person_only;
+	split->date_end = split->date_begin + span;
+	for (cp = split->date_end; cp < line + len && isspace(*cp); cp++)
+		;
+	if (line + len <= cp || (*cp != '+' && *cp != '-'))
+		goto person_only;
+	split->tz_begin = cp;
+	span = strspn(cp + 1, "0123456789");
+	if (!span)
+		goto person_only;
+	split->tz_end = split->tz_begin + 1 + span;
+	return 0;
+
+person_only:
+	split->date_begin = NULL;
+	split->date_end = NULL;
+	split->tz_begin = NULL;
+	split->tz_end = NULL;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static const char *env_hint =
@@ -236,61 +341,83 @@ static const char *env_hint =
 const char *fmt_ident(const char *name, const char *email,
 		      const char *date_str, int flag)
 {
-	static char buffer[1000];
-	char date[50];
-	int i;
-	int error_on_no_name = (flag & IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
-	int warn_on_no_name = (flag & IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME);
-	int name_addr_only = (flag & IDENT_NO_DATE);
-
-	setup_ident(&name, &email);
-
-	if (!*name) {
-		struct passwd *pw;
+	static struct strbuf ident = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int strict = (flag & IDENT_STRICT);
+	int want_date = !(flag & IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	int want_name = !(flag & IDENT_NO_NAME);
+
+	if (want_name) {
+		int using_default = 0;
+		if (!name) {
+			if (strict && ident_use_config_only
+			    && !(ident_config_given & IDENT_NAME_GIVEN)) {
+				fputs(env_hint, stderr);
+				die("no name was given and auto-detection is disabled");
+			}
+			name = ident_default_name();
+			using_default = 1;
+			if (strict && default_name_is_bogus) {
+				fputs(env_hint, stderr);
+				die("unable to auto-detect name (got '%s')", name);
+			}
+		}
+		if (!*name) {
+			struct passwd *pw;
+			if (strict) {
+				if (using_default)
+					fputs(env_hint, stderr);
+				die("empty ident name (for <%s>) not allowed", email);
+			}
+			pw = xgetpwuid_self(NULL);
+			name = pw->pw_name;
+		}
+	}
 
-		if ((warn_on_no_name || error_on_no_name) &&
-		    name == git_default_name && env_hint) {
+	if (!email) {
+		if (strict && ident_use_config_only
+		    && !(ident_config_given & IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)) {
 			fputs(env_hint, stderr);
-			env_hint = NULL; /* warn only once */
+			die("no email was given and auto-detection is disabled");
+		}
+		email = ident_default_email();
+		if (strict && default_email_is_bogus) {
+			fputs(env_hint, stderr);
+			die("unable to auto-detect email address (got '%s')", email);
 		}
-		if (error_on_no_name)
-			die("empty ident %s <%s> not allowed", name, email);
-		pw = getpwuid(getuid());
-		if (!pw)
-			die("You don't exist. Go away!");
-		strlcpy(git_default_name, pw->pw_name,
-			sizeof(git_default_name));
-		name = git_default_name;
 	}
 
-	strcpy(date, git_default_date);
-	if (!name_addr_only && date_str && date_str[0]) {
-		if (parse_date(date_str, date, sizeof(date)) < 0)
-			die("invalid date format: %s", date_str);
+	strbuf_reset(&ident);
+	if (want_name) {
+		strbuf_addstr_without_crud(&ident, name);
+		strbuf_addstr(&ident, " <");
 	}
-
-	i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, name);
-	i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, " <");
-	i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, email);
-	if (!name_addr_only) {
-		i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i,  "> ");
-		i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, date);
-	} else {
-		i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, ">");
+	strbuf_addstr_without_crud(&ident, email);
+	if (want_name)
+			strbuf_addch(&ident, '>');
+	if (want_date) {
+		strbuf_addch(&ident, ' ');
+		if (date_str && date_str[0]) {
+			if (parse_date(date_str, &ident) < 0)
+				die("invalid date format: %s", date_str);
+		}
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&ident, ident_default_date());
 	}
-	if (i >= sizeof(buffer))
-		die("Impossibly long personal identifier");
-	buffer[i] = 0;
-	return buffer;
+
+	return ident.buf;
 }
 
 const char *fmt_name(const char *name, const char *email)
 {
-	return fmt_ident(name, email, NULL, IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME | IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	return fmt_ident(name, email, NULL, IDENT_STRICT | IDENT_NO_DATE);
 }
 
 const char *git_author_info(int flag)
 {
+	if (getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"))
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+	if (getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"))
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"),
 			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"),
 			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"),
@@ -300,16 +427,16 @@ const char *git_author_info(int flag)
 const char *git_committer_info(int flag)
 {
 	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"))
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
 	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"))
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
 			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"),
 			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_DATE"),
 			 flag);
 }
 
-int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+static int ident_is_sufficient(int user_ident_explicitly_given)
 {
 #ifndef WINDOWS
 	return (user_ident_explicitly_given & IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN);
@@ -317,3 +444,74 @@ int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
 	return (user_ident_explicitly_given == IDENT_ALL_GIVEN);
 #endif
 }
+
+int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+	return ident_is_sufficient(committer_ident_explicitly_given);
+}
+
+int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+	return ident_is_sufficient(author_ident_explicitly_given);
+}
+
+int git_ident_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "user.useconfigonly")) {
+		ident_use_config_only = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "user.name")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		strbuf_reset(&git_default_name);
+		strbuf_addstr(&git_default_name, value);
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		ident_config_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "user.email")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		strbuf_reset(&git_default_email);
+		strbuf_addstr(&git_default_email, value);
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		ident_config_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int buf_cmp(const char *a_begin, const char *a_end,
+		   const char *b_begin, const char *b_end)
+{
+	int a_len = a_end - a_begin;
+	int b_len = b_end - b_begin;
+	int min = a_len < b_len ? a_len : b_len;
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = memcmp(a_begin, b_begin, min);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	return a_len - b_len;
+}
+
+int ident_cmp(const struct ident_split *a,
+	      const struct ident_split *b)
+{
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = buf_cmp(a->mail_begin, a->mail_end,
+		      b->mail_begin, b->mail_end);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	return buf_cmp(a->name_begin, a->name_end,
+		       b->name_begin, b->name_end);
+}
diff --git a/imap-send.c b/imap-send.c
index e40125a22b..50377c5b88 100644
--- a/imap-send.c
+++ b/imap-send.c
@@ -23,90 +23,42 @@
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "credential.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
-#include "prompt.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
 #ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 typedef void *SSL;
-#else
-#include <openssl/evp.h>
-#include <openssl/hmac.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+#include "http.h"
 #endif
 
-struct store_conf {
-	char *name;
-	const char *path; /* should this be here? its interpretation is driver-specific */
-	char *map_inbox;
-	char *trash;
-	unsigned max_size; /* off_t is overkill */
-	unsigned trash_remote_new:1, trash_only_new:1;
-};
-
-struct string_list {
-	struct string_list *next;
-	char string[1];
-};
-
-struct channel_conf {
-	struct channel_conf *next;
-	char *name;
-	struct store_conf *master, *slave;
-	char *master_name, *slave_name;
-	char *sync_state;
-	struct string_list *patterns;
-	int mops, sops;
-	unsigned max_messages; /* for slave only */
-};
+#if defined(USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND) && defined(NO_OPENSSL)
+/* only available option */
+#define USE_CURL_DEFAULT 1
+#else
+/* strictly opt in */
+#define USE_CURL_DEFAULT 0
+#endif
 
-struct group_conf {
-	struct group_conf *next;
-	char *name;
-	struct string_list *channels;
-};
+static int verbosity;
+static int use_curl = USE_CURL_DEFAULT;
 
-/* For message->status */
-#define M_RECENT       (1<<0) /* unsyncable flag; maildir_* depend on this being 1<<0 */
-#define M_DEAD         (1<<1) /* expunged */
-#define M_FLAGS        (1<<2) /* flags fetched */
+static const char * const imap_send_usage[] = { "git imap-send [-v] [-q] [--[no-]curl] < <mbox>", NULL };
 
-struct message {
-	struct message *next;
-	/* struct string_list *keywords; */
-	size_t size; /* zero implies "not fetched" */
-	int uid;
-	unsigned char flags, status;
+static struct option imap_send_options[] = {
+	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "curl", &use_curl, "use libcurl to communicate with the IMAP server"),
+	OPT_END()
 };
 
-struct store {
-	struct store_conf *conf; /* foreign */
-
-	/* currently open mailbox */
-	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
-	char *path; /* own */
-	struct message *msgs; /* own */
-	int uidvalidity;
-	unsigned char opts; /* maybe preset? */
-	/* note that the following do _not_ reflect stats from msgs, but mailbox totals */
-	int count; /* # of messages */
-	int recent; /* # of recent messages - don't trust this beyond the initial read */
-};
-
-struct msg_data {
-	char *data;
-	int len;
-	unsigned char flags;
-};
-
-static const char imap_send_usage[] = "git imap-send < <mbox>";
-
 #undef DRV_OK
 #define DRV_OK          0
 #define DRV_MSG_BAD     -1
 #define DRV_BOX_BAD     -2
 #define DRV_STORE_BAD   -3
 
-static int Verbose, Quiet;
-
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void imap_info(const char *, ...);
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
@@ -114,8 +66,6 @@ static void imap_warn(const char *, ...);
 
 static char *next_arg(char **);
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *);
-
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...);
 
@@ -138,6 +88,7 @@ struct imap_server_conf {
 	char *tunnel;
 	char *host;
 	int port;
+	char *folder;
 	char *user;
 	char *pass;
 	int use_ssl;
@@ -151,6 +102,7 @@ static struct imap_server_conf server = {
 	NULL,	/* tunnel */
 	NULL,	/* host */
 	0,	/* port */
+	NULL,	/* folder */
 	NULL,	/* user */
 	NULL,	/* pass */
 	0,   	/* use_ssl */
@@ -159,20 +111,6 @@ static struct imap_server_conf server = {
 	NULL,	/* auth_method */
 };
 
-struct imap_store_conf {
-	struct store_conf gen;
-	struct imap_server_conf *server;
-};
-
-#define NIL	(void *)0x1
-#define LIST	(void *)0x2
-
-struct imap_list {
-	struct imap_list *next, *child;
-	char *val;
-	int len;
-};
-
 struct imap_socket {
 	int fd[2];
 	SSL *ssl;
@@ -189,7 +127,6 @@ struct imap_cmd;
 
 struct imap {
 	int uidnext; /* from SELECT responses */
-	struct imap_list *ns_personal, *ns_other, *ns_shared; /* NAMESPACE info */
 	unsigned caps, rcaps; /* CAPABILITY results */
 	/* command queue */
 	int nexttag, num_in_progress, literal_pending;
@@ -198,11 +135,11 @@ struct imap {
 };
 
 struct imap_store {
-	struct store gen;
+	/* currently open mailbox */
+	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
 	int uidvalidity;
 	struct imap *imap;
 	const char *prefix;
-	unsigned /*currentnc:1,*/ trashnc:1;
 };
 
 struct imap_cmd_cb {
@@ -212,7 +149,6 @@ struct imap_cmd_cb {
 	char *data;
 	int dlen;
 	int uid;
-	unsigned create:1, trycreate:1;
 };
 
 struct imap_cmd {
@@ -249,14 +185,6 @@ static const char *cap_list[] = {
 static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd);
 
 
-static const char *Flags[] = {
-	"Draft",
-	"Flagged",
-	"Answered",
-	"Seen",
-	"Deleted",
-};
-
 #ifndef NO_OPENSSL
 static void ssl_socket_perror(const char *func)
 {
@@ -289,12 +217,64 @@ static void socket_perror(const char *func, struct imap_socket *sock, int ret)
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
 {
-#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 	fprintf(stderr, "SSL requested but SSL support not compiled in\n");
 	return -1;
+}
+
 #else
+
+static int host_matches(const char *host, const char *pattern)
+{
+	if (pattern[0] == '*' && pattern[1] == '.') {
+		pattern += 2;
+		if (!(host = strchr(host, '.')))
+			return 0;
+		host++;
+	}
+
+	return *host && *pattern && !strcasecmp(host, pattern);
+}
+
+static int verify_hostname(X509 *cert, const char *hostname)
+{
+	int len;
+	X509_NAME *subj;
+	char cname[1000];
+	int i, found;
+	STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *subj_alt_names;
+
+	/* try the DNS subjectAltNames */
+	found = 0;
+	if ((subj_alt_names = X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_subject_alt_name, NULL, NULL))) {
+		int num_subj_alt_names = sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(subj_alt_names);
+		for (i = 0; !found && i < num_subj_alt_names; i++) {
+			GENERAL_NAME *subj_alt_name = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(subj_alt_names, i);
+			if (subj_alt_name->type == GEN_DNS &&
+			    strlen((const char *)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data) == (size_t)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->length &&
+			    host_matches(hostname, (const char *)(subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data)))
+				found = 1;
+		}
+		sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free(subj_alt_names, GENERAL_NAME_free);
+	}
+	if (found)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* try the common name */
+	if (!(subj = X509_get_subject_name(cert)))
+		return error("cannot get certificate subject");
+	if ((len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(subj, NID_commonName, cname, sizeof(cname))) < 0)
+		return error("cannot get certificate common name");
+	if (strlen(cname) == (size_t)len && host_matches(hostname, cname))
+		return 0;
+	return error("certificate owner '%s' does not match hostname '%s'",
+		     cname, hostname);
+}
+
+static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
+{
 #if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10000000L)
 	const SSL_METHOD *meth;
 #else
@@ -302,21 +282,25 @@ static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int ve
 #endif
 	SSL_CTX *ctx;
 	int ret;
+	X509 *cert;
 
 	SSL_library_init();
 	SSL_load_error_strings();
 
-	if (use_tls_only)
-		meth = TLSv1_method();
-	else
-		meth = SSLv23_method();
-
+	meth = SSLv23_method();
 	if (!meth) {
 		ssl_socket_perror("SSLv23_method");
 		return -1;
 	}
 
 	ctx = SSL_CTX_new(meth);
+	if (!ctx) {
+		ssl_socket_perror("SSL_CTX_new");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (use_tls_only)
+		SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3);
 
 	if (verify)
 		SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);
@@ -339,15 +323,35 @@ static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int ve
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+#ifdef SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME
+	/*
+	 * SNI (RFC4366)
+	 * OpenSSL does not document this function, but the implementation
+	 * returns 1 on success, 0 on failure after calling SSLerr().
+	 */
+	ret = SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(sock->ssl, server.host);
+	if (ret != 1)
+		warning("SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(%s) failed.", server.host);
+#endif
+
 	ret = SSL_connect(sock->ssl);
 	if (ret <= 0) {
 		socket_perror("SSL_connect", sock, ret);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (verify) {
+		/* make sure the hostname matches that of the certificate */
+		cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(sock->ssl);
+		if (!cert)
+			return error("unable to get peer certificate.");
+		if (verify_hostname(cert, server.host) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 static int socket_read(struct imap_socket *sock, char *buf, int len)
 {
@@ -436,7 +440,7 @@ static int buffer_gets(struct imap_buffer *b, char **s)
 			if (b->buf[b->offset + 1] == '\n') {
 				b->buf[b->offset] = 0;  /* terminate the string */
 				b->offset += 2; /* next line */
-				if (Verbose)
+				if (0 < verbosity)
 					puts(*s);
 				return 0;
 			}
@@ -451,7 +455,7 @@ static void imap_info(const char *msg, ...)
 {
 	va_list va;
 
-	if (!Quiet) {
+	if (0 <= verbosity) {
 		va_start(va, msg);
 		vprintf(msg, va);
 		va_end(va);
@@ -463,7 +467,7 @@ static void imap_warn(const char *msg, ...)
 {
 	va_list va;
 
-	if (Quiet < 2) {
+	if (-2 < verbosity) {
 		va_start(va, msg);
 		vfprintf(stderr, msg, va);
 		va_end(va);
@@ -500,16 +504,6 @@ static char *next_arg(char **s)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *msgs)
-{
-	struct message *tmsg;
-
-	for (; msgs; msgs = tmsg) {
-		tmsg = msgs->next;
-		free(msgs);
-	}
-}
-
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -522,9 +516,9 @@ static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static struct imap_cmd *v_issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
-					 struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
-					 const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+static struct imap_cmd *issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
+				       struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
+				       const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
 	struct imap_cmd *cmd;
@@ -550,10 +544,10 @@ static struct imap_cmd *v_issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
 				  cmd->tag, cmd->cmd, cmd->cb.dlen,
 				  CAP(LITERALPLUS) ? "+" : "");
 
-	if (Verbose) {
+	if (0 < verbosity) {
 		if (imap->num_in_progress)
 			printf("(%d in progress) ", imap->num_in_progress);
-		if (memcmp(cmd->cmd, "LOGIN", 5))
+		if (!starts_with(cmd->cmd, "LOGIN"))
 			printf(">>> %s", buf);
 		else
 			printf(">>> %d LOGIN <user> <pass>\n", cmd->tag);
@@ -588,20 +582,6 @@ static struct imap_cmd *v_issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
-static struct imap_cmd *issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
-				       struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
-				       const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-	struct imap_cmd *ret;
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	ret = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
-	va_end(ap);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 static int imap_exec(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 		     const char *fmt, ...)
 {
@@ -609,7 +589,7 @@ static int imap_exec(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	struct imap_cmd *cmdp;
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	cmdp = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
+	cmdp = issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 	if (!cmdp)
 		return RESP_BAD;
@@ -625,7 +605,7 @@ static int imap_exec_m(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	struct imap_cmd *cmdp;
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	cmdp = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
+	cmdp = issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 	if (!cmdp)
 		return DRV_STORE_BAD;
@@ -637,35 +617,9 @@ static int imap_exec_m(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	}
 }
 
-static int is_atom(struct imap_list *list)
+static int skip_imap_list_l(char **sp, int level)
 {
-	return list && list->val && list->val != NIL && list->val != LIST;
-}
-
-static int is_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	return list && list->val == LIST;
-}
-
-static void free_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	struct imap_list *tmp;
-
-	for (; list; list = tmp) {
-		tmp = list->next;
-		if (is_list(list))
-			free_list(list->child);
-		else if (is_atom(list))
-			free(list->val);
-		free(list);
-	}
-}
-
-static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **curp, int level)
-{
-	struct imap_list *cur;
-	char *s = *sp, *p;
-	int n, bytes;
+	char *s = *sp;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*s))
@@ -674,68 +628,23 @@ static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **cu
 			s++;
 			break;
 		}
-		*curp = cur = xmalloc(sizeof(*cur));
-		curp = &cur->next;
-		cur->val = NULL; /* for clean bail */
 		if (*s == '(') {
 			/* sublist */
 			s++;
-			cur->val = LIST;
-			if (parse_imap_list_l(imap, &s, &cur->child, level + 1))
-				goto bail;
-		} else if (imap && *s == '{') {
-			/* literal */
-			bytes = cur->len = strtol(s + 1, &s, 10);
-			if (*s != '}')
-				goto bail;
-
-			s = cur->val = xmalloc(cur->len);
-
-			/* dump whats left over in the input buffer */
-			n = imap->buf.bytes - imap->buf.offset;
-
-			if (n > bytes)
-				/* the entire message fit in the buffer */
-				n = bytes;
-
-			memcpy(s, imap->buf.buf + imap->buf.offset, n);
-			s += n;
-			bytes -= n;
-
-			/* mark that we used part of the buffer */
-			imap->buf.offset += n;
-
-			/* now read the rest of the message */
-			while (bytes > 0) {
-				if ((n = socket_read(&imap->buf.sock, s, bytes)) <= 0)
-					goto bail;
-				s += n;
-				bytes -= n;
-			}
-
-			if (buffer_gets(&imap->buf, &s))
+			if (skip_imap_list_l(&s, level + 1))
 				goto bail;
 		} else if (*s == '"') {
 			/* quoted string */
 			s++;
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s != '"'; s++)
 				if (!*s)
 					goto bail;
-			cur->len = s - p;
 			s++;
-			cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		} else {
 			/* atom */
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s && !isspace((unsigned char)*s); s++)
 				if (level && *s == ')')
 					break;
-			cur->len = s - p;
-			if (cur->len == 3 && !memcmp("NIL", p, 3))
-				cur->val = NIL;
-			else
-				cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		}
 
 		if (!level)
@@ -744,27 +653,15 @@ static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **cu
 			goto bail;
 	}
 	*sp = s;
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return 0;
 
 bail:
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static struct imap_list *parse_imap_list(struct imap *imap, char **sp)
+static void skip_list(char **sp)
 {
-	struct imap_list *head;
-
-	if (!parse_imap_list_l(imap, sp, &head, 0))
-		return head;
-	free_list(head);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static struct imap_list *parse_list(char **sp)
-{
-	return parse_imap_list(NULL, sp);
+	skip_imap_list_l(sp, 0);
 }
 
 static void parse_capability(struct imap *imap, char *cmd)
@@ -796,7 +693,7 @@ static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	*p++ = 0;
 	arg = next_arg(&s);
 	if (!strcmp("UIDVALIDITY", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed UIDVALIDITY status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
 		}
@@ -814,7 +711,7 @@ static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 		for (; isspace((unsigned char)*p); p++);
 		fprintf(stderr, "*** IMAP ALERT *** %s\n", p);
 	} else if (cb && cb->ctx && !strcmp("APPENDUID", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
 		    !(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(*(int *)cb->ctx = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed APPENDUID status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
@@ -826,8 +723,8 @@ static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd)
 {
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
-	struct imap_cmd *cmdp, **pcmdp, *ncmdp;
-	char *cmd, *arg, *arg1, *p;
+	struct imap_cmd *cmdp, **pcmdp;
+	char *cmd, *arg, *arg1;
 	int n, resp, resp2, tag;
 
 	for (;;) {
@@ -843,20 +740,28 @@ static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd)
 			}
 
 			if (!strcmp("NAMESPACE", arg)) {
-				imap->ns_personal = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_other = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_shared = parse_list(&cmd);
+				/* rfc2342 NAMESPACE response. */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Personal mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Others' mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Shared mailboxes */
 			} else if (!strcmp("OK", arg) || !strcmp("BAD", arg) ||
 				   !strcmp("NO", arg) || !strcmp("BYE", arg)) {
 				if ((resp = parse_response_code(ctx, NULL, cmd)) != RESP_OK)
 					return resp;
-			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg))
+			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg)) {
 				parse_capability(imap, cmd);
-			else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
-				if (!strcmp("EXISTS", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.count = atoi(arg);
-				else if (!strcmp("RECENT", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.recent = atoi(arg);
+			} else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
+				; /*
+				   * Unhandled response-data with at least two words.
+				   * Ignore it.
+				   *
+				   * NEEDSWORK: Previously this case handled '<num> EXISTS'
+				   * and '<num> RECENT' but as a probably-unintended side
+				   * effect it ignores other unrecognized two-word
+				   * responses.  imap-send doesn't ever try to read
+				   * messages or mailboxes these days, so consider
+				   * eliminating this case.
+				   */
 			} else {
 				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unable to parse untagged response\n");
 				return RESP_BAD;
@@ -905,39 +810,17 @@ static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd)
 			if (!strcmp("OK", arg))
 				resp = DRV_OK;
 			else {
-				if (!strcmp("NO", arg)) {
-					if (cmdp->cb.create && cmd && (cmdp->cb.trycreate || !memcmp(cmd, "[TRYCREATE]", 11))) { /* SELECT, APPEND or UID COPY */
-						p = strchr(cmdp->cmd, '"');
-						if (!issue_imap_cmd(ctx, NULL, "CREATE \"%.*s\"", (int)(strchr(p + 1, '"') - p + 1), p)) {
-							resp = RESP_BAD;
-							goto normal;
-						}
-						/* not waiting here violates the spec, but a server that does not
-						   grok this nonetheless violates it too. */
-						cmdp->cb.create = 0;
-						if (!(ncmdp = issue_imap_cmd(ctx, &cmdp->cb, "%s", cmdp->cmd))) {
-							resp = RESP_BAD;
-							goto normal;
-						}
-						free(cmdp->cmd);
-						free(cmdp);
-						if (!tcmd)
-							return 0;	/* ignored */
-						if (cmdp == tcmd)
-							tcmd = ncmdp;
-						continue;
-					}
+				if (!strcmp("NO", arg))
 					resp = RESP_NO;
-				} else /*if (!strcmp("BAD", arg))*/
+				else /*if (!strcmp("BAD", arg))*/
 					resp = RESP_BAD;
 				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP command '%s' returned response (%s) - %s\n",
-					 memcmp(cmdp->cmd, "LOGIN", 5) ?
+					!starts_with(cmdp->cmd, "LOGIN") ?
 							cmdp->cmd : "LOGIN <user> <pass>",
 							arg, cmd ? cmd : "");
 			}
 			if ((resp2 = parse_response_code(ctx, &cmdp->cb, cmd)) > resp)
 				resp = resp2;
-		normal:
 			if (cmdp->cb.done)
 				cmdp->cb.done(ctx, cmdp, resp);
 			free(cmdp->cb.data);
@@ -958,16 +841,12 @@ static void imap_close_server(struct imap_store *ictx)
 		imap_exec(ictx, NULL, "LOGOUT");
 		socket_shutdown(&imap->buf.sock);
 	}
-	free_list(imap->ns_personal);
-	free_list(imap->ns_other);
-	free_list(imap->ns_shared);
 	free(imap);
 }
 
-static void imap_close_store(struct store *ctx)
+static void imap_close_store(struct imap_store *ctx)
 {
-	imap_close_server((struct imap_store *)ctx);
-	free_generic_messages(ctx->msgs);
+	imap_close_server(ctx);
 	free(ctx);
 }
 
@@ -986,7 +865,6 @@ static char hexchar(unsigned int b)
 static char *cram(const char *challenge_64, const char *user, const char *pass)
 {
 	int i, resp_len, encoded_len, decoded_len;
-	HMAC_CTX hmac;
 	unsigned char hash[16];
 	char hex[33];
 	char *response, *response_64, *challenge;
@@ -1001,10 +879,8 @@ static char *cram(const char *challenge_64, const char *user, const char *pass)
 				      (unsigned char *)challenge_64, encoded_len);
 	if (decoded_len < 0)
 		die("invalid challenge %s", challenge_64);
-	HMAC_Init(&hmac, (unsigned char *)pass, strlen(pass), EVP_md5());
-	HMAC_Update(&hmac, (unsigned char *)challenge, decoded_len);
-	HMAC_Final(&hmac, hash, NULL);
-	HMAC_CTX_cleanup(&hmac);
+	if (!HMAC(EVP_md5(), pass, strlen(pass), (unsigned char *)challenge, decoded_len, hash, NULL))
+		die("HMAC error");
 
 	hex[32] = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
@@ -1013,16 +889,14 @@ static char *cram(const char *challenge_64, const char *user, const char *pass)
 	}
 
 	/* response: "<user> <digest in hex>" */
-	resp_len = strlen(user) + 1 + strlen(hex) + 1;
-	response = xmalloc(resp_len);
-	sprintf(response, "%s %s", user, hex);
+	response = xstrfmt("%s %s", user, hex);
+	resp_len = strlen(response);
 
-	response_64 = xmalloc(ENCODED_SIZE(resp_len) + 1);
+	response_64 = xmallocz(ENCODED_SIZE(resp_len));
 	encoded_len = EVP_EncodeBlock((unsigned char *)response_64,
 				      (unsigned char *)response, resp_len);
 	if (encoded_len < 0)
 		die("EVP_EncodeBlock error");
-	response_64[encoded_len] = '\0';
 	return (char *)response_64;
 }
 
@@ -1045,40 +919,40 @@ static int auth_cram_md5(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *cmd, const cha
 
 	ret = socket_write(&ctx->imap->buf.sock, response, strlen(response));
 	if (ret != strlen(response))
-		return error("IMAP error: sending response failed\n");
+		return error("IMAP error: sending response failed");
 
 	free(response);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
+static struct imap_store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc, char *folder)
 {
+	struct credential cred = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
 	struct imap_store *ctx;
 	struct imap *imap;
 	char *arg, *rsp;
 	int s = -1, preauth;
 
-	ctx = xcalloc(sizeof(*ctx), 1);
+	ctx = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ctx));
 
-	ctx->imap = imap = xcalloc(sizeof(*imap), 1);
+	ctx->imap = imap = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*imap));
 	imap->buf.sock.fd[0] = imap->buf.sock.fd[1] = -1;
 	imap->in_progress_append = &imap->in_progress;
 
 	/* open connection to IMAP server */
 
 	if (srvc->tunnel) {
-		const char *argv[] = { srvc->tunnel, NULL };
-		struct child_process tunnel = {NULL};
+		struct child_process tunnel = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 		imap_info("Starting tunnel '%s'... ", srvc->tunnel);
 
-		tunnel.argv = argv;
+		argv_array_push(&tunnel.args, srvc->tunnel);
 		tunnel.use_shell = 1;
 		tunnel.in = -1;
 		tunnel.out = -1;
 		if (start_command(&tunnel))
-			die("cannot start proxy %s", argv[0]);
+			die("cannot start proxy %s", srvc->tunnel);
 
 		imap->buf.sock.fd[0] = tunnel.out;
 		imap->buf.sock.fd[1] = tunnel.in;
@@ -1204,28 +1078,21 @@ static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 		}
 #endif
 		imap_info("Logging in...\n");
-		if (!srvc->user) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Skipping server %s, no user\n", srvc->host);
-			goto bail;
-		}
-		if (!srvc->pass) {
-			struct strbuf prompt = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addf(&prompt, "Password (%s@%s): ", srvc->user, srvc->host);
-			arg = git_getpass(prompt.buf);
-			strbuf_release(&prompt);
-			if (!*arg) {
-				fprintf(stderr, "Skipping account %s@%s, no password\n", srvc->user, srvc->host);
-				goto bail;
-			}
-			/*
-			 * getpass() returns a pointer to a static buffer.  make a copy
-			 * for long term storage.
-			 */
-			srvc->pass = xstrdup(arg);
-		}
-		if (CAP(NOLOGIN)) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Skipping account %s@%s, server forbids LOGIN\n", srvc->user, srvc->host);
-			goto bail;
+		if (!srvc->user || !srvc->pass) {
+			cred.protocol = xstrdup(srvc->use_ssl ? "imaps" : "imap");
+			cred.host = xstrdup(srvc->host);
+
+			if (srvc->user)
+				cred.username = xstrdup(srvc->user);
+			if (srvc->pass)
+				cred.password = xstrdup(srvc->pass);
+
+			credential_fill(&cred);
+
+			if (!srvc->user)
+				srvc->user = xstrdup(cred.username);
+			if (!srvc->pass)
+				srvc->pass = xstrdup(cred.password);
 		}
 
 		if (srvc->auth_method) {
@@ -1251,6 +1118,11 @@ static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 				goto bail;
 			}
 		} else {
+			if (CAP(NOLOGIN)) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Skipping account %s@%s, server forbids LOGIN\n",
+					srvc->user, srvc->host);
+				goto bail;
+			}
 			if (!imap->buf.sock.ssl)
 				imap_warn("*** IMAP Warning *** Password is being "
 					  "sent in the clear\n");
@@ -1261,177 +1133,144 @@ static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 		}
 	} /* !preauth */
 
+	if (cred.username)
+		credential_approve(&cred);
+	credential_clear(&cred);
+
+	/* check the target mailbox exists */
+	ctx->name = folder;
+	switch (imap_exec(ctx, NULL, "EXAMINE \"%s\"", ctx->name)) {
+	case RESP_OK:
+		/* ok */
+		break;
+	case RESP_BAD:
+		fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: could not check mailbox\n");
+		goto out;
+	case RESP_NO:
+		if (imap_exec(ctx, NULL, "CREATE \"%s\"", ctx->name) == RESP_OK) {
+			imap_info("Created missing mailbox\n");
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: could not create missing mailbox\n");
+			goto out;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
 	ctx->prefix = "";
-	ctx->trashnc = 1;
-	return (struct store *)ctx;
+	return ctx;
 
 bail:
-	imap_close_store(&ctx->gen);
-	return NULL;
-}
+	if (cred.username)
+		credential_reject(&cred);
+	credential_clear(&cred);
 
-static int imap_make_flags(int flags, char *buf)
-{
-	const char *s;
-	unsigned i, d;
-
-	for (i = d = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(Flags); i++)
-		if (flags & (1 << i)) {
-			buf[d++] = ' ';
-			buf[d++] = '\\';
-			for (s = Flags[i]; *s; s++)
-				buf[d++] = *s;
-		}
-	buf[0] = '(';
-	buf[d++] = ')';
-	return d;
+ out:
+	imap_close_store(ctx);
+	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void lf_to_crlf(struct msg_data *msg)
+/*
+ * Insert CR characters as necessary in *msg to ensure that every LF
+ * character in *msg is preceded by a CR.
+ */
+static void lf_to_crlf(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	char *new;
-	int i, j, lfnum = 0;
-
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n')
-		lfnum++;
-	for (i = 1; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r' && msg->data[i] == '\n')
-			lfnum++;
+	size_t i, j;
+	char lastc;
+
+	/* First pass: tally, in j, the size of the new string: */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
+			j++; /* a CR will need to be added here */
+		lastc = msg->buf[i];
+		j++;
 	}
 
-	new = xmalloc(msg->len + lfnum);
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n') {
-		new[0] = '\r';
-		new[1] = '\n';
-		i = 1;
-		j = 2;
-	} else {
-		new[0] = msg->data[0];
-		i = 1;
-		j = 1;
-	}
-	for ( ; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i] != '\n') {
-			new[j++] = msg->data[i];
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r')
+	new = xmallocz(j);
+
+	/*
+	 * Second pass: write the new string.  Note that this loop is
+	 * otherwise identical to the first pass.
+	 */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
 			new[j++] = '\r';
-		/* otherwise it already had CR before */
-		new[j++] = '\n';
+		lastc = new[j++] = msg->buf[i];
 	}
-	msg->len += lfnum;
-	free(msg->data);
-	msg->data = new;
+	strbuf_attach(msg, new, j, j + 1);
 }
 
-static int imap_store_msg(struct store *gctx, struct msg_data *data)
+/*
+ * Store msg to IMAP.  Also detach and free the data from msg->data,
+ * leaving msg->data empty.
+ */
+static int imap_store_msg(struct imap_store *ctx, struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-	struct imap_store *ctx = (struct imap_store *)gctx;
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
 	struct imap_cmd_cb cb;
 	const char *prefix, *box;
-	int ret, d;
-	char flagstr[128];
+	int ret;
 
-	lf_to_crlf(data);
+	lf_to_crlf(msg);
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
-	cb.dlen = data->len;
-	cb.data = xmalloc(cb.dlen);
-	memcpy(cb.data, data->data, data->len);
-
-	d = 0;
-	if (data->flags) {
-		d = imap_make_flags(data->flags, flagstr);
-		flagstr[d++] = ' ';
-	}
-	flagstr[d] = 0;
+	cb.dlen = msg->len;
+	cb.data = strbuf_detach(msg, NULL);
 
-	box = gctx->name;
+	box = ctx->name;
 	prefix = !strcmp(box, "INBOX") ? "" : ctx->prefix;
-	cb.create = 0;
-	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" %s", prefix, box, flagstr);
+	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" ", prefix, box);
 	imap->caps = imap->rcaps;
 	if (ret != DRV_OK)
 		return ret;
-	gctx->count++;
 
 	return DRV_OK;
 }
 
-static void encode_html_chars(struct strbuf *p)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < p->len; i++) {
-		if (p->buf[i] == '&')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&amp;", 5);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '<')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&lt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '>')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&gt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '"')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&quot;", 6);
-	}
-}
-static void wrap_in_html(struct msg_data *msg)
+static void wrap_in_html(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines;
-	struct strbuf **p;
 	static char *content_type = "Content-Type: text/html;\n";
 	static char *pre_open = "<pre>\n";
 	static char *pre_close = "</pre>\n";
-	int added_header = 0;
-
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, msg->data, msg->len, msg->len);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	for (p = lines; *p; p++) {
-		if (! added_header) {
-			if ((*p)->len == 1 && *((*p)->buf) == '\n') {
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
-				strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
-				added_header = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-			encode_html_chars(*p);
-		strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-	}
+	const char *body = strstr(msg->buf, "\n\n");
+
+	if (!body)
+		return; /* Headers but no body; no wrapping needed */
+
+	body += 2;
+
+	strbuf_add(&buf, msg->buf, body - msg->buf - 1);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, body);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_close);
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(msg);
+	*msg = buf;
 }
 
 #define CHUNKSIZE 0x1000
 
-static int read_message(FILE *f, struct msg_data *msg)
+static int read_message(FILE *f, struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof(*msg));
-
 	do {
-		if (strbuf_fread(&buf, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
+		if (strbuf_fread(all_msgs, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
 			break;
 	} while (!feof(f));
 
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	return msg->len;
+	return ferror(f) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
+static int count_messages(struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
 	int count = 0;
-	char *p = msg->data;
+	char *p = all_msgs->buf;
 
 	while (1) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(p, "From ")) {
+		if (starts_with(p, "From ")) {
 			p = strstr(p+5, "\nFrom: ");
 			if (!p) break;
 			p = strstr(p+7, "\nDate: ");
@@ -1449,105 +1288,247 @@ static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
 	return count;
 }
 
-static int split_msg(struct msg_data *all_msgs, struct msg_data *msg, int *ofs)
+/*
+ * Copy the next message from all_msgs, starting at offset *ofs, to
+ * msg.  Update *ofs to the start of the following message.  Return
+ * true iff a message was successfully copied.
+ */
+static int split_msg(struct strbuf *all_msgs, struct strbuf *msg, int *ofs)
 {
 	char *p, *data;
+	size_t len;
 
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof *msg);
 	if (*ofs >= all_msgs->len)
 		return 0;
 
-	data = &all_msgs->data[*ofs];
-	msg->len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
+	data = &all_msgs->buf[*ofs];
+	len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
 
-	if (msg->len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
+	if (len < 5 || !starts_with(data, "From "))
 		return 0;
 
 	p = strchr(data, '\n');
 	if (p) {
-		p = &p[1];
-		msg->len -= p-data;
-		*ofs += p-data;
+		p++;
+		len -= p - data;
+		*ofs += p - data;
 		data = p;
 	}
 
 	p = strstr(data, "\nFrom ");
 	if (p)
-		msg->len = &p[1] - data;
+		len = &p[1] - data;
 
-	msg->data = xmemdupz(data, msg->len);
-	*ofs += msg->len;
+	strbuf_add(msg, data, len);
+	*ofs += len;
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static char *imap_folder;
+static void git_imap_config(void)
+{
+	const char *val = NULL;
+
+	git_config_get_bool("imap.sslverify", &server.ssl_verify);
+	git_config_get_bool("imap.preformattedhtml", &server.use_html);
+	git_config_get_string("imap.folder", &server.folder);
 
-static int git_imap_config(const char *key, const char *val, void *cb)
+	if (!git_config_get_value("imap.host", &val)) {
+		if (!val) {
+			git_die_config("imap.host", "Missing value for 'imap.host'");
+		} else {
+			if (starts_with(val, "imap:"))
+				val += 5;
+			else if (starts_with(val, "imaps:")) {
+				val += 6;
+				server.use_ssl = 1;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(val, "//"))
+				val += 2;
+			server.host = xstrdup(val);
+		}
+	}
+
+	git_config_get_string("imap.user", &server.user);
+	git_config_get_string("imap.pass", &server.pass);
+	git_config_get_int("imap.port", &server.port);
+	git_config_get_string("imap.tunnel", &server.tunnel);
+	git_config_get_string("imap.authmethod", &server.auth_method);
+}
+
+static int append_msgs_to_imap(struct imap_server_conf *server,
+			       struct strbuf* all_msgs, int total)
 {
-	char imap_key[] = "imap.";
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct imap_store *ctx = NULL;
+	int ofs = 0;
+	int r;
+	int n = 0;
 
-	if (strncmp(key, imap_key, sizeof imap_key - 1))
-		return 0;
+	ctx = imap_open_store(server, server->folder);
+	if (!ctx) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "failed to open store\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	ctx->name = server->folder;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "sending %d message%s\n", total, (total != 1) ? "s" : "");
+	while (1) {
+		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
+
+		if (!split_msg(all_msgs, &msg, &ofs))
+			break;
+		if (server->use_html)
+			wrap_in_html(&msg);
+		r = imap_store_msg(ctx, &msg);
+		if (r != DRV_OK)
+			break;
+		n++;
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+	imap_close_store(ctx);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+static CURL *setup_curl(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
+{
+	CURL *curl;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL) != CURLE_OK)
+		die("curl_global_init failed");
+
+	curl = curl_easy_init();
+
+	if (!curl)
+		die("curl_easy_init failed");
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, server.user);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, server.pass);
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, server.host);
+	if (!path.len || path.buf[path.len - 1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, server.folder);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, path.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PORT, server.port);
+
+	if (server.auth_method) {
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM < 0x072200
+		warning("No LOGIN_OPTIONS support in this cURL version");
+#else
+		struct strbuf auth = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&auth, "AUTH=");
+		strbuf_addstr(&auth, server.auth_method);
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_LOGIN_OPTIONS, auth.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&auth);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	if (!server.use_ssl)
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USE_SSL, (long)CURLUSESSL_TRY);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, server.ssl_verify);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, server.ssl_verify);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1L);
+
+	if (0 < verbosity || getenv("GIT_CURL_VERBOSE"))
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
+	setup_curl_trace(curl);
+
+	return curl;
+}
 
-	key += sizeof imap_key - 1;
-
-	/* check booleans first, and barf on others */
-	if (!strcmp("sslverify", key))
-		server.ssl_verify = git_config_bool(key, val);
-	else if (!strcmp("preformattedhtml", key))
-		server.use_html = git_config_bool(key, val);
-	else if (!val)
-		return config_error_nonbool(key);
-
-	if (!strcmp("folder", key)) {
-		imap_folder = xstrdup(val);
-	} else if (!strcmp("host", key)) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(val, "imap:"))
-			val += 5;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(val, "imaps:")) {
-			val += 6;
-			server.use_ssl = 1;
+static int curl_append_msgs_to_imap(struct imap_server_conf *server,
+				    struct strbuf* all_msgs, int total) {
+	int ofs = 0;
+	int n = 0;
+	struct buffer msgbuf = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
+	CURL *curl;
+	CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+	curl = setup_curl(server);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READDATA, &msgbuf);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "sending %d message%s\n", total, (total != 1) ? "s" : "");
+	while (1) {
+		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
+		int prev_len;
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
+
+		prev_len = msgbuf.buf.len;
+		if (!split_msg(all_msgs, &msgbuf.buf, &ofs))
+			break;
+		if (server->use_html)
+			wrap_in_html(&msgbuf.buf);
+		lf_to_crlf(&msgbuf.buf);
+
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE,
+				 (curl_off_t)(msgbuf.buf.len-prev_len));
+
+		res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+		if(res != CURLE_OK) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "curl_easy_perform() failed: %s\n",
+					curl_easy_strerror(res));
+			break;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(val, "//"))
-			val += 2;
-		server.host = xstrdup(val);
-	} else if (!strcmp("user", key))
-		server.user = xstrdup(val);
-	else if (!strcmp("pass", key))
-		server.pass = xstrdup(val);
-	else if (!strcmp("port", key))
-		server.port = git_config_int(key, val);
-	else if (!strcmp("tunnel", key))
-		server.tunnel = xstrdup(val);
-	else if (!strcmp("authmethod", key))
-		server.auth_method = xstrdup(val);
+
+		n++;
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+	curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+	curl_global_cleanup();
 
 	return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct msg_data all_msgs, msg;
-	struct store *ctx = NULL;
-	int ofs = 0;
-	int r;
-	int total, n = 0;
+	struct strbuf all_msgs = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int total;
 	int nongit_ok;
 
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 
 	git_setup_gettext();
 
-	if (argc != 1)
-		usage(imap_send_usage);
-
 	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit_ok);
-	git_config(git_imap_config, NULL);
+	git_imap_config();
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, "", imap_send_options, imap_send_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc)
+		usage_with_options(imap_send_usage, imap_send_options);
+
+#ifndef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+	if (use_curl) {
+		warning("--curl not supported in this build");
+		use_curl = 0;
+	}
+#elif defined(NO_OPENSSL)
+	if (!use_curl) {
+		warning("--no-curl not supported in this build");
+		use_curl = 1;
+	}
+#endif
 
 	if (!server.port)
 		server.port = server.use_ssl ? 993 : 143;
 
-	if (!imap_folder) {
+	if (!server.folder) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "no imap store specified\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1560,7 +1541,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	/* read the messages */
-	if (!read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+	if (read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "error reading input\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (all_msgs.len == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "nothing to send\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1572,29 +1558,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	/* write it to the imap server */
-	ctx = imap_open_store(&server);
-	if (!ctx) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "failed to open store\n");
-		return 1;
-	}
 
-	fprintf(stderr, "sending %d message%s\n", total, (total != 1) ? "s" : "");
-	ctx->name = imap_folder;
-	while (1) {
-		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
-		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
-		if (!split_msg(&all_msgs, &msg, &ofs))
-			break;
-		if (server.use_html)
-			wrap_in_html(&msg);
-		r = imap_store_msg(ctx, &msg);
-		if (r != DRV_OK)
-			break;
-		n++;
-	}
-	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	if (server.tunnel)
+		return append_msgs_to_imap(&server, &all_msgs, total);
 
-	imap_close_store(ctx);
+#ifdef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+	if (use_curl)
+		return curl_append_msgs_to_imap(&server, &all_msgs, total);
+#endif
 
-	return 0;
+	return append_msgs_to_imap(&server, &all_msgs, total);
 }
diff --git a/khash.h b/khash.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0da40daa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/khash.h
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+/* The MIT License
+
+   Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2011 by Attractive Chaos <attractor@live.co.uk>
+
+   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+   "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+   the following conditions:
+
+   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+   included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+   NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+   BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+   ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+   CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+   SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef __AC_KHASH_H
+#define __AC_KHASH_H
+
+#define AC_VERSION_KHASH_H "0.2.8"
+
+typedef uint32_t khint32_t;
+typedef uint64_t khint64_t;
+
+typedef khint32_t khint_t;
+typedef khint_t khiter_t;
+
+#define __ac_isempty(flag, i) ((flag[i>>4]>>((i&0xfU)<<1))&2)
+#define __ac_isdel(flag, i) ((flag[i>>4]>>((i&0xfU)<<1))&1)
+#define __ac_iseither(flag, i) ((flag[i>>4]>>((i&0xfU)<<1))&3)
+#define __ac_set_isdel_false(flag, i) (flag[i>>4]&=~(1ul<<((i&0xfU)<<1)))
+#define __ac_set_isempty_false(flag, i) (flag[i>>4]&=~(2ul<<((i&0xfU)<<1)))
+#define __ac_set_isboth_false(flag, i) (flag[i>>4]&=~(3ul<<((i&0xfU)<<1)))
+#define __ac_set_isdel_true(flag, i) (flag[i>>4]|=1ul<<((i&0xfU)<<1))
+
+#define __ac_fsize(m) ((m) < 16? 1 : (m)>>4)
+
+#define kroundup32(x) (--(x), (x)|=(x)>>1, (x)|=(x)>>2, (x)|=(x)>>4, (x)|=(x)>>8, (x)|=(x)>>16, ++(x))
+
+static inline khint_t __ac_X31_hash_string(const char *s)
+{
+	khint_t h = (khint_t)*s;
+	if (h) for (++s ; *s; ++s) h = (h << 5) - h + (khint_t)*s;
+	return h;
+}
+
+#define kh_str_hash_func(key) __ac_X31_hash_string(key)
+#define kh_str_hash_equal(a, b) (strcmp(a, b) == 0)
+
+static const double __ac_HASH_UPPER = 0.77;
+
+#define __KHASH_TYPE(name, khkey_t, khval_t) \
+	typedef struct { \
+		khint_t n_buckets, size, n_occupied, upper_bound; \
+		khint32_t *flags; \
+		khkey_t *keys; \
+		khval_t *vals; \
+	} kh_##name##_t;
+
+#define __KHASH_PROTOTYPES(name, khkey_t, khval_t)	 					\
+	extern kh_##name##_t *kh_init_##name(void);							\
+	extern void kh_destroy_##name(kh_##name##_t *h);					\
+	extern void kh_clear_##name(kh_##name##_t *h);						\
+	extern khint_t kh_get_##name(const kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key); 	\
+	extern int kh_resize_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khint_t new_n_buckets); \
+	extern khint_t kh_put_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key, int *ret); \
+	extern void kh_del_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khint_t x);
+
+#define __KHASH_IMPL(name, SCOPE, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal) \
+	SCOPE kh_##name##_t *kh_init_##name(void) {							\
+		return (kh_##name##_t*)xcalloc(1, sizeof(kh_##name##_t));		\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE void kh_destroy_##name(kh_##name##_t *h)						\
+	{																	\
+		if (h) {														\
+			free((void *)h->keys); free(h->flags);					\
+			free((void *)h->vals);										\
+			free(h);													\
+		}																\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE void kh_clear_##name(kh_##name##_t *h)						\
+	{																	\
+		if (h && h->flags) {											\
+			memset(h->flags, 0xaa, __ac_fsize(h->n_buckets) * sizeof(khint32_t)); \
+			h->size = h->n_occupied = 0;								\
+		}																\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE khint_t kh_get_##name(const kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key) 	\
+	{																	\
+		if (h->n_buckets) {												\
+			khint_t k, i, last, mask, step = 0; \
+			mask = h->n_buckets - 1;									\
+			k = __hash_func(key); i = k & mask;							\
+			last = i; \
+			while (!__ac_isempty(h->flags, i) && (__ac_isdel(h->flags, i) || !__hash_equal(h->keys[i], key))) { \
+				i = (i + (++step)) & mask; \
+				if (i == last) return h->n_buckets;						\
+			}															\
+			return __ac_iseither(h->flags, i)? h->n_buckets : i;		\
+		} else return 0;												\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE int kh_resize_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khint_t new_n_buckets) \
+	{ /* This function uses 0.25*n_buckets bytes of working space instead of [sizeof(key_t+val_t)+.25]*n_buckets. */ \
+		khint32_t *new_flags = NULL;										\
+		khint_t j = 1;													\
+		{																\
+			kroundup32(new_n_buckets); 									\
+			if (new_n_buckets < 4) new_n_buckets = 4;					\
+			if (h->size >= (khint_t)(new_n_buckets * __ac_HASH_UPPER + 0.5)) j = 0;	/* requested size is too small */ \
+			else { /* hash table size to be changed (shrink or expand); rehash */ \
+				ALLOC_ARRAY(new_flags, __ac_fsize(new_n_buckets)); \
+				if (!new_flags) return -1;								\
+				memset(new_flags, 0xaa, __ac_fsize(new_n_buckets) * sizeof(khint32_t)); \
+				if (h->n_buckets < new_n_buckets) {	/* expand */		\
+					REALLOC_ARRAY(h->keys, new_n_buckets); \
+					if (kh_is_map) {									\
+						REALLOC_ARRAY(h->vals, new_n_buckets); \
+					}													\
+				} /* otherwise shrink */								\
+			}															\
+		}																\
+		if (j) { /* rehashing is needed */								\
+			for (j = 0; j != h->n_buckets; ++j) {						\
+				if (__ac_iseither(h->flags, j) == 0) {					\
+					khkey_t key = h->keys[j];							\
+					khval_t val;										\
+					khint_t new_mask;									\
+					new_mask = new_n_buckets - 1; 						\
+					if (kh_is_map) val = h->vals[j];					\
+					__ac_set_isdel_true(h->flags, j);					\
+					while (1) { /* kick-out process; sort of like in Cuckoo hashing */ \
+						khint_t k, i, step = 0; \
+						k = __hash_func(key);							\
+						i = k & new_mask;								\
+						while (!__ac_isempty(new_flags, i)) i = (i + (++step)) & new_mask; \
+						__ac_set_isempty_false(new_flags, i);			\
+						if (i < h->n_buckets && __ac_iseither(h->flags, i) == 0) { /* kick out the existing element */ \
+							{ khkey_t tmp = h->keys[i]; h->keys[i] = key; key = tmp; } \
+							if (kh_is_map) { khval_t tmp = h->vals[i]; h->vals[i] = val; val = tmp; } \
+							__ac_set_isdel_true(h->flags, i); /* mark it as deleted in the old hash table */ \
+						} else { /* write the element and jump out of the loop */ \
+							h->keys[i] = key;							\
+							if (kh_is_map) h->vals[i] = val;			\
+							break;										\
+						}												\
+					}													\
+				}														\
+			}															\
+			if (h->n_buckets > new_n_buckets) { /* shrink the hash table */ \
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(h->keys, new_n_buckets); \
+				if (kh_is_map) REALLOC_ARRAY(h->vals, new_n_buckets); \
+			}															\
+			free(h->flags); /* free the working space */				\
+			h->flags = new_flags;										\
+			h->n_buckets = new_n_buckets;								\
+			h->n_occupied = h->size;									\
+			h->upper_bound = (khint_t)(h->n_buckets * __ac_HASH_UPPER + 0.5); \
+		}																\
+		return 0;														\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE khint_t kh_put_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key, int *ret) \
+	{																	\
+		khint_t x;														\
+		if (h->n_occupied >= h->upper_bound) { /* update the hash table */ \
+			if (h->n_buckets > (h->size<<1)) {							\
+				if (kh_resize_##name(h, h->n_buckets - 1) < 0) { /* clear "deleted" elements */ \
+					*ret = -1; return h->n_buckets;						\
+				}														\
+			} else if (kh_resize_##name(h, h->n_buckets + 1) < 0) { /* expand the hash table */ \
+				*ret = -1; return h->n_buckets;							\
+			}															\
+		} /* TODO: to implement automatically shrinking; resize() already support shrinking */ \
+		{																\
+			khint_t k, i, site, last, mask = h->n_buckets - 1, step = 0; \
+			x = site = h->n_buckets; k = __hash_func(key); i = k & mask; \
+			if (__ac_isempty(h->flags, i)) x = i; /* for speed up */	\
+			else {														\
+				last = i; \
+				while (!__ac_isempty(h->flags, i) && (__ac_isdel(h->flags, i) || !__hash_equal(h->keys[i], key))) { \
+					if (__ac_isdel(h->flags, i)) site = i;				\
+					i = (i + (++step)) & mask; \
+					if (i == last) { x = site; break; }					\
+				}														\
+				if (x == h->n_buckets) {								\
+					if (__ac_isempty(h->flags, i) && site != h->n_buckets) x = site; \
+					else x = i;											\
+				}														\
+			}															\
+		}																\
+		if (__ac_isempty(h->flags, x)) { /* not present at all */		\
+			h->keys[x] = key;											\
+			__ac_set_isboth_false(h->flags, x);							\
+			++h->size; ++h->n_occupied;									\
+			*ret = 1;													\
+		} else if (__ac_isdel(h->flags, x)) { /* deleted */				\
+			h->keys[x] = key;											\
+			__ac_set_isboth_false(h->flags, x);							\
+			++h->size;													\
+			*ret = 2;													\
+		} else *ret = 0; /* Don't touch h->keys[x] if present and not deleted */ \
+		return x;														\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE void kh_del_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khint_t x)				\
+	{																	\
+		if (x != h->n_buckets && !__ac_iseither(h->flags, x)) {			\
+			__ac_set_isdel_true(h->flags, x);							\
+			--h->size;													\
+		}																\
+	}
+
+#define KHASH_DECLARE(name, khkey_t, khval_t)		 					\
+	__KHASH_TYPE(name, khkey_t, khval_t) 								\
+	__KHASH_PROTOTYPES(name, khkey_t, khval_t)
+
+#define KHASH_INIT2(name, SCOPE, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal) \
+	__KHASH_TYPE(name, khkey_t, khval_t) 								\
+	__KHASH_IMPL(name, SCOPE, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal)
+
+#define KHASH_INIT(name, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal) \
+	KHASH_INIT2(name, static inline, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal)
+
+/* Other convenient macros... */
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Test whether a bucket contains data.
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  x     Iterator to the bucket [khint_t]
+  @return       1 if containing data; 0 otherwise [int]
+ */
+#define kh_exist(h, x) (!__ac_iseither((h)->flags, (x)))
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get key given an iterator
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  x     Iterator to the bucket [khint_t]
+  @return       Key [type of keys]
+ */
+#define kh_key(h, x) ((h)->keys[x])
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get value given an iterator
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  x     Iterator to the bucket [khint_t]
+  @return       Value [type of values]
+  @discussion   For hash sets, calling this results in segfault.
+ */
+#define kh_val(h, x) ((h)->vals[x])
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Alias of kh_val()
+ */
+#define kh_value(h, x) ((h)->vals[x])
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get the start iterator
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @return       The start iterator [khint_t]
+ */
+#define kh_begin(h) (khint_t)(0)
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get the end iterator
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @return       The end iterator [khint_t]
+ */
+#define kh_end(h) ((h)->n_buckets)
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get the number of elements in the hash table
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @return       Number of elements in the hash table [khint_t]
+ */
+#define kh_size(h) ((h)->size)
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get the number of buckets in the hash table
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @return       Number of buckets in the hash table [khint_t]
+ */
+#define kh_n_buckets(h) ((h)->n_buckets)
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Iterate over the entries in the hash table
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  kvar  Variable to which key will be assigned
+  @param  vvar  Variable to which value will be assigned
+  @param  code  Block of code to execute
+ */
+#define kh_foreach(h, kvar, vvar, code) { khint_t __i;		\
+	for (__i = kh_begin(h); __i != kh_end(h); ++__i) {		\
+		if (!kh_exist(h,__i)) continue;						\
+		(kvar) = kh_key(h,__i);								\
+		(vvar) = kh_val(h,__i);								\
+		code;												\
+	} }
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Iterate over the values in the hash table
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  vvar  Variable to which value will be assigned
+  @param  code  Block of code to execute
+ */
+#define kh_foreach_value(h, vvar, code) { khint_t __i;		\
+	for (__i = kh_begin(h); __i != kh_end(h); ++__i) {		\
+		if (!kh_exist(h,__i)) continue;						\
+		(vvar) = kh_val(h,__i);								\
+		code;												\
+	} }
+
+#define __kh_oid_cmp(a, b) (hashcmp(a, b) == 0)
+
+KHASH_INIT(sha1, const unsigned char *, void *, 1, sha1hash, __kh_oid_cmp)
+typedef kh_sha1_t khash_sha1;
+
+KHASH_INIT(sha1_pos, const unsigned char *, int, 1, sha1hash, __kh_oid_cmp)
+typedef kh_sha1_pos_t khash_sha1_pos;
+
+#endif /* __AC_KHASH_H */
diff --git a/kwset.c b/kwset.c
index 51b2ab6c7e..e6236a0359 100644
--- a/kwset.c
+++ b/kwset.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
    The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu,
    or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */
 
-/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblence
+/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblance
    to one discovered by Beate Commentz-Walter, although it is not identical.
    See "A String Matching Algorithm Fast on the Average," Technical Report,
    IBM-Germany, Scientific Center Heidelberg, Tiergartenstrasse 15, D-6900
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct trie
   struct trie *fail;		/* Aho-Corasick failure function. */
   int depth;			/* Depth of this node from the root. */
   int shift;			/* Shift function for search failures. */
-  int maxshift;			/* Max shift of self and descendents. */
+  int maxshift;			/* Max shift of self and descendants. */
 };
 
 /* Structure returned opaquely to the caller, containing everything. */
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ struct kwset
   struct trie *next[NCHAR];	/* Table of children of the root. */
   char *target;			/* Target string if there's only one. */
   int mind2;			/* Used in Boyer-Moore search for one string. */
-  char const *trans;		/* Character translation table. */
+  unsigned char const *trans;  /* Character translation table. */
 };
 
 /* Allocate and initialize a keyword set object, returning an opaque
    pointer to it.  Return NULL if memory is not available. */
 kwset_t
-kwsalloc (char const *trans)
+kwsalloc (unsigned char const *trans)
 {
   struct kwset *kwset;
 
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ treefails (register struct tree const *tree, struct trie const *fail,
   treefails(tree->rlink, fail, recourse);
 
   /* Find, in the chain of fails going back to the root, the first
-     node that has a descendent on the current label. */
+     node that has a descendant on the current label. */
   while (fail)
     {
       link = fail->links;
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ kwsprep (kwset_t kws)
   register struct kwset *kwset;
   register int i;
   register struct trie *curr;
-  register char const *trans;
+  register unsigned char const *trans;
   unsigned char delta[NCHAR];
 
   kwset = (struct kwset *) kws;
@@ -426,16 +426,16 @@ kwsprep (kwset_t kws)
 	 computing the delta table, failure function, and shift function. */
       for (curr = last = kwset->trie; curr; curr = curr->next)
 	{
-	  /* Enqueue the immediate descendents in the level order queue. */
+	  /* Enqueue the immediate descendants in the level order queue. */
 	  enqueue(curr->links, &last);
 
 	  curr->shift = kwset->mind;
 	  curr->maxshift = kwset->mind;
 
-	  /* Update the delta table for the descendents of this node. */
+	  /* Update the delta table for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treedelta(curr->links, curr->depth, delta);
 
-	  /* Compute the failure function for the decendents of this node. */
+	  /* Compute the failure function for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treefails(curr->links, curr->fail, kwset->trie);
 
 	  /* Update the shifts at each node in the current node's chain
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ kwsprep (kwset_t kws)
 		  fail->shift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
 
 	      /* If the current node is accepting then the shift at the
-		 fail and its descendents should be no larger than the
+		 fail and its descendants should be no larger than the
 		 difference of their depths. */
 	      if (curr->accepting && fail->maxshift > curr->depth - fail->depth)
 		fail->maxshift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ cwexec (kwset_t kws, char const *text, size_t len, struct kwsmatch *kwsmatch)
   register int d;
   register char const *end, *qlim;
   register struct tree const *tree;
-  register char const *trans;
+  register unsigned char const *trans;
 
   accept = NULL;
 
diff --git a/kwset.h b/kwset.h
index a21b2eadfd..61a134f256 100644
--- a/kwset.h
+++ b/kwset.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ typedef struct kwset_t* kwset_t;
    if enough memory cannot be obtained.  The argument if non-NULL
    specifies a table of character translations to be applied to all
    pattern and search text. */
-extern kwset_t kwsalloc(char const *);
+extern kwset_t kwsalloc(unsigned char const *);
 
 /* Incrementally extend the keyword set to include the given string.
    Return NULL for success, or an error message.  Remember an index
diff --git a/levenshtein.c b/levenshtein.c
index fc281597fd..d2632690d5 100644
--- a/levenshtein.c
+++ b/levenshtein.c
@@ -42,11 +42,13 @@ int levenshtein(const char *string1, const char *string2,
 		int w, int s, int a, int d)
 {
 	int len1 = strlen(string1), len2 = strlen(string2);
-	int *row0 = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (len2 + 1));
-	int *row1 = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (len2 + 1));
-	int *row2 = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (len2 + 1));
+	int *row0, *row1, *row2;
 	int i, j;
 
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(row0, len2 + 1);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(row1, len2 + 1);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(row2, len2 + 1);
+
 	for (j = 0; j <= len2; j++)
 		row1[j] = j * a;
 	for (i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
diff --git a/line-log.c b/line-log.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fbbe4f0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-log.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1252 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "graph.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static void range_set_grow(struct range_set *rs, size_t extra)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(rs->ranges, rs->nr + extra, rs->alloc);
+}
+
+/* Either initialization would be fine */
+#define RANGE_SET_INIT {0}
+
+void range_set_init(struct range_set *rs, size_t prealloc)
+{
+	rs->alloc = rs->nr = 0;
+	rs->ranges = NULL;
+	if (prealloc)
+		range_set_grow(rs, prealloc);
+}
+
+void range_set_release(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	free(rs->ranges);
+	rs->alloc = rs->nr = 0;
+	rs->ranges = NULL;
+}
+
+/* dst must be uninitialized! */
+static void range_set_copy(struct range_set *dst, struct range_set *src)
+{
+	range_set_init(dst, src->nr);
+	memcpy(dst->ranges, src->ranges, src->nr*sizeof(struct range_set));
+	dst->nr = src->nr;
+}
+static void range_set_move(struct range_set *dst, struct range_set *src)
+{
+	range_set_release(dst);
+	dst->ranges = src->ranges;
+	dst->nr = src->nr;
+	dst->alloc = src->alloc;
+	src->ranges = NULL;
+	src->alloc = src->nr = 0;
+}
+
+/* tack on a _new_ range _at the end_ */
+void range_set_append_unsafe(struct range_set *rs, long a, long b)
+{
+	assert(a <= b);
+	range_set_grow(rs, 1);
+	rs->ranges[rs->nr].start = a;
+	rs->ranges[rs->nr].end = b;
+	rs->nr++;
+}
+
+void range_set_append(struct range_set *rs, long a, long b)
+{
+	assert(rs->nr == 0 || rs->ranges[rs->nr-1].end <= a);
+	range_set_append_unsafe(rs, a, b);
+}
+
+static int range_cmp(const void *_r, const void *_s)
+{
+	const struct range *r = _r;
+	const struct range *s = _s;
+
+	/* this could be simply 'return r.start-s.start', but for the types */
+	if (r->start == s->start)
+		return 0;
+	if (r->start < s->start)
+		return -1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that the ranges are non-empty, sorted and non-overlapping
+ */
+static void range_set_check_invariants(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!rs)
+		return;
+
+	if (rs->nr)
+		assert(rs->ranges[0].start < rs->ranges[0].end);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		assert(rs->ranges[i-1].end < rs->ranges[i].start);
+		assert(rs->ranges[i].start < rs->ranges[i].end);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * In-place pass of sorting and merging the ranges in the range set,
+ * to establish the invariants when we get the ranges from the user
+ */
+void sort_and_merge_range_set(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+	int o = 0; /* output cursor */
+
+	qsort(rs->ranges, rs->nr, sizeof(struct range), range_cmp);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		if (rs->ranges[i].start == rs->ranges[i].end)
+			continue;
+		if (o > 0 && rs->ranges[i].start <= rs->ranges[o-1].end) {
+			if (rs->ranges[o-1].end < rs->ranges[i].end)
+				rs->ranges[o-1].end = rs->ranges[i].end;
+		} else {
+			rs->ranges[o].start = rs->ranges[i].start;
+			rs->ranges[o].end = rs->ranges[i].end;
+			o++;
+		}
+	}
+	assert(o <= rs->nr);
+	rs->nr = o;
+
+	range_set_check_invariants(rs);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Union of range sets (i.e., sets of line numbers).  Used to merge
+ * them when searches meet at a common ancestor.
+ *
+ * This is also where the ranges are consolidated into canonical form:
+ * overlapping and adjacent ranges are merged, and empty ranges are
+ * removed.
+ */
+static void range_set_union(struct range_set *out,
+			     struct range_set *a, struct range_set *b)
+{
+	int i = 0, j = 0, o = 0;
+	struct range *ra = a->ranges;
+	struct range *rb = b->ranges;
+	/* cannot make an alias of out->ranges: it may change during grow */
+
+	assert(out->nr == 0);
+	while (i < a->nr || j < b->nr) {
+		struct range *new;
+		if (i < a->nr && j < b->nr) {
+			if (ra[i].start < rb[j].start)
+				new = &ra[i++];
+			else if (ra[i].start > rb[j].start)
+				new = &rb[j++];
+			else if (ra[i].end < rb[j].end)
+				new = &ra[i++];
+			else
+				new = &rb[j++];
+		} else if (i < a->nr)      /* b exhausted */
+			new = &ra[i++];
+		else                       /* a exhausted */
+			new = &rb[j++];
+		if (new->start == new->end)
+			; /* empty range */
+		else if (!o || out->ranges[o-1].end < new->start) {
+			range_set_grow(out, 1);
+			out->ranges[o].start = new->start;
+			out->ranges[o].end = new->end;
+			o++;
+		} else if (out->ranges[o-1].end < new->end) {
+			out->ranges[o-1].end = new->end;
+		}
+	}
+	out->nr = o;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Difference of range sets (out = a \ b).  Pass the "interesting"
+ * ranges as 'a' and the target side of the diff as 'b': it removes
+ * the ranges for which the commit is responsible.
+ */
+static void range_set_difference(struct range_set *out,
+				  struct range_set *a, struct range_set *b)
+{
+	int i, j =  0;
+	for (i = 0; i < a->nr; i++) {
+		long start = a->ranges[i].start;
+		long end = a->ranges[i].end;
+		while (start < end) {
+			while (j < b->nr && start >= b->ranges[j].end)
+				/*
+				 * a:         |-------
+				 * b: ------|
+				 */
+				j++;
+			if (j >= b->nr || end < b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * b exhausted, or
+				 * a:  ----|
+				 * b:         |----
+				 */
+				range_set_append(out, start, end);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (start >= b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * a:     |--????
+				 * b: |------|
+				 */
+				start = b->ranges[j].end;
+			} else if (end > b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * a: |-----|
+				 * b:    |--?????
+				 */
+				if (start < b->ranges[j].start)
+					range_set_append(out, start, b->ranges[j].start);
+				start = b->ranges[j].end;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void diff_ranges_init(struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	range_set_init(&diff->parent, 0);
+	range_set_init(&diff->target, 0);
+}
+
+static void diff_ranges_release(struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	range_set_release(&diff->parent);
+	range_set_release(&diff->target);
+}
+
+static void line_log_data_init(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	memset(r, 0, sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+	range_set_init(&r->ranges, 0);
+}
+
+static void line_log_data_clear(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	range_set_release(&r->ranges);
+	if (r->pair)
+		diff_free_filepair(r->pair);
+}
+
+static void free_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		struct line_log_data *next = r->next;
+		line_log_data_clear(r);
+		free(r);
+		r = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+search_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *list, const char *path,
+		     struct line_log_data **insertion_point)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *p = list;
+	if (insertion_point)
+		*insertion_point = NULL;
+	while (p) {
+		int cmp = strcmp(p->path, path);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return p;
+		if (insertion_point && cmp < 0)
+			*insertion_point = p;
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: takes ownership of 'path', which happens to be what the only
+ * caller needs.
+ */
+static void line_log_data_insert(struct line_log_data **list,
+				 char *path,
+				 long begin, long end)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ip;
+	struct line_log_data *p = search_line_log_data(*list, path, &ip);
+
+	if (p) {
+		range_set_append_unsafe(&p->ranges, begin, end);
+		free(path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+	p->path = path;
+	range_set_append(&p->ranges, begin, end);
+	if (ip) {
+		p->next = ip->next;
+		ip->next = p;
+	} else {
+		p->next = *list;
+		*list = p;
+	}
+}
+
+struct collect_diff_cbdata {
+	struct diff_ranges *diff;
+};
+
+static int collect_diff_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
+			   long start_b, long count_b,
+			   void *data)
+{
+	struct collect_diff_cbdata *d = data;
+
+	if (count_a >= 0)
+		range_set_append(&d->diff->parent, start_a, start_a + count_a);
+	if (count_b >= 0)
+		range_set_append(&d->diff->target, start_b, start_b + count_b);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int collect_diff(mmfile_t *parent, mmfile_t *target, struct diff_ranges *out)
+{
+	struct collect_diff_cbdata cbdata = {NULL};
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = xecfg.interhunkctxlen = 0;
+
+	cbdata.diff = out;
+	xecfg.hunk_func = collect_diff_cb;
+	memset(&ecb, 0, sizeof(ecb));
+	ecb.priv = &cbdata;
+	return xdi_diff(parent, target, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are handy for debugging.  Removing them with #if 0 silences
+ * the "unused function" warning.
+ */
+#if 0
+static void dump_range_set(struct range_set *rs, const char *desc)
+{
+	int i;
+	printf("range set %s (%d items):\n", desc, rs->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++)
+		printf("\t[%ld,%ld]\n", rs->ranges[i].start, rs->ranges[i].end);
+}
+
+static void dump_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	char buf[4096];
+	while (r) {
+		snprintf(buf, 4096, "file %s\n", r->path);
+		dump_range_set(&r->ranges, buf);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_diff_ranges(struct diff_ranges *diff, const char *desc)
+{
+	int i;
+	assert(diff->parent.nr == diff->target.nr);
+	printf("diff ranges %s (%d items):\n", desc, diff->parent.nr);
+	printf("\tparent\ttarget\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < diff->parent.nr; i++) {
+		printf("\t[%ld,%ld]\t[%ld,%ld]\n",
+		       diff->parent.ranges[i].start,
+		       diff->parent.ranges[i].end,
+		       diff->target.ranges[i].start,
+		       diff->target.ranges[i].end);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+
+static int ranges_overlap(struct range *a, struct range *b)
+{
+	return !(a->end <= b->start || b->end <= a->start);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a diff and the set of interesting ranges, determine all hunks
+ * of the diff which touch (overlap) at least one of the interesting
+ * ranges in the target.
+ */
+static void diff_ranges_filter_touched(struct diff_ranges *out,
+				       struct diff_ranges *diff,
+				       struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+
+	assert(out->target.nr == 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff->target.nr; i++) {
+		while (diff->target.ranges[i].start > rs->ranges[j].end) {
+			j++;
+			if (j == rs->nr)
+				return;
+		}
+		if (ranges_overlap(&diff->target.ranges[i], &rs->ranges[j])) {
+			range_set_append(&out->parent,
+					 diff->parent.ranges[i].start,
+					 diff->parent.ranges[i].end);
+			range_set_append(&out->target,
+					 diff->target.ranges[i].start,
+					 diff->target.ranges[i].end);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adjust the line counts in 'rs' to account for the lines
+ * added/removed in the diff.
+ */
+static void range_set_shift_diff(struct range_set *out,
+				 struct range_set *rs,
+				 struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+	long offset = 0;
+	struct range *src = rs->ranges;
+	struct range *target = diff->target.ranges;
+	struct range *parent = diff->parent.ranges;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && src[i].start >= target[j].start) {
+			offset += (parent[j].end-parent[j].start)
+				- (target[j].end-target[j].start);
+			j++;
+		}
+		range_set_append(out, src[i].start+offset, src[i].end+offset);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a diff and the set of interesting ranges, map the ranges
+ * across the diff.  That is: observe that the target commit takes
+ * blame for all the + (target-side) ranges.  So for every pair of
+ * ranges in the diff that was touched, we remove the latter and add
+ * its parent side.
+ */
+static void range_set_map_across_diff(struct range_set *out,
+				      struct range_set *rs,
+				      struct diff_ranges *diff,
+				      struct diff_ranges **touched_out)
+{
+	struct diff_ranges *touched = xmalloc(sizeof(*touched));
+	struct range_set tmp1 = RANGE_SET_INIT;
+	struct range_set tmp2 = RANGE_SET_INIT;
+
+	diff_ranges_init(touched);
+	diff_ranges_filter_touched(touched, diff, rs);
+	range_set_difference(&tmp1, rs, &touched->target);
+	range_set_shift_diff(&tmp2, &tmp1, diff);
+	range_set_union(out, &tmp2, &touched->parent);
+	range_set_release(&tmp1);
+	range_set_release(&tmp2);
+
+	*touched_out = touched;
+}
+
+static struct commit *check_single_commit(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct object *commit = NULL;
+	int found = -1;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
+		if (commit)
+			die("More than one commit to dig from: %s and %s?",
+			    revs->pending.objects[i].name,
+			    revs->pending.objects[found].name);
+		commit = obj;
+		found = i;
+	}
+
+	if (!commit)
+		die("No commit specified?");
+
+	return (struct commit *) commit;
+}
+
+static void fill_blob_sha1(struct commit *commit, struct diff_filespec *spec)
+{
+	unsigned mode;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_tree_entry(commit->object.oid.hash, spec->path,
+			   sha1, &mode))
+		die("There is no path %s in the commit", spec->path);
+	fill_filespec(spec, sha1, 1, mode);
+
+	return;
+}
+
+static void fill_line_ends(struct diff_filespec *spec, long *lines,
+			   unsigned long **line_ends)
+{
+	int num = 0, size = 50;
+	long cur = 0;
+	unsigned long *ends = NULL;
+	char *data = NULL;
+
+	if (diff_populate_filespec(spec, 0))
+		die("Cannot read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(spec->sha1));
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(ends, size);
+	ends[cur++] = 0;
+	data = spec->data;
+	while (num < spec->size) {
+		if (data[num] == '\n' || num == spec->size - 1) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(ends, (cur + 1), size);
+			ends[cur++] = num;
+		}
+		num++;
+	}
+
+	/* shrink the array to fit the elements */
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(ends, cur);
+	*lines = cur-1;
+	*line_ends = ends;
+}
+
+struct nth_line_cb {
+	struct diff_filespec *spec;
+	long lines;
+	unsigned long *line_ends;
+};
+
+static const char *nth_line(void *data, long line)
+{
+	struct nth_line_cb *d = data;
+	assert(d && line <= d->lines);
+	assert(d->spec && d->spec->data);
+
+	if (line == 0)
+		return (char *)d->spec->data;
+	else
+		return (char *)d->spec->data + d->line_ends[line] + 1;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+parse_lines(struct commit *commit, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args)
+{
+	long lines = 0;
+	unsigned long *ends = NULL;
+	struct nth_line_cb cb_data;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct line_log_data *ranges = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *p;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, args) {
+		const char *name_part, *range_part;
+		char *full_name;
+		struct diff_filespec *spec;
+		long begin = 0, end = 0;
+		long anchor;
+
+		name_part = skip_range_arg(item->string);
+		if (!name_part || *name_part != ':' || !name_part[1])
+			die("-L argument not 'start,end:file' or ':funcname:file': %s",
+			    item->string);
+		range_part = xstrndup(item->string, name_part - item->string);
+		name_part++;
+
+		full_name = prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0,
+					name_part);
+
+		spec = alloc_filespec(full_name);
+		fill_blob_sha1(commit, spec);
+		fill_line_ends(spec, &lines, &ends);
+		cb_data.spec = spec;
+		cb_data.lines = lines;
+		cb_data.line_ends = ends;
+
+		p = search_line_log_data(ranges, full_name, NULL);
+		if (p && p->ranges.nr)
+			anchor = p->ranges.ranges[p->ranges.nr - 1].end + 1;
+		else
+			anchor = 1;
+
+		if (parse_range_arg(range_part, nth_line, &cb_data,
+				    lines, anchor, &begin, &end,
+				    full_name))
+			die("malformed -L argument '%s'", range_part);
+		if (lines < end || ((lines || begin) && lines < begin))
+			die("file %s has only %lu lines", name_part, lines);
+		if (begin < 1)
+			begin = 1;
+		if (end < 1)
+			end = lines;
+		begin--;
+		line_log_data_insert(&ranges, full_name, begin, end);
+
+		free_filespec(spec);
+		free(ends);
+		ends = NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (p = ranges; p; p = p->next)
+		sort_and_merge_range_set(&p->ranges);
+
+	return ranges;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *line_log_data_copy_one(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = xmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+
+	assert(r);
+	line_log_data_init(ret);
+	range_set_copy(&ret->ranges, &r->ranges);
+
+	ret->path = xstrdup(r->path);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+line_log_data_copy(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *tmp = NULL, *prev = NULL;
+
+	assert(r);
+	ret = tmp = prev = line_log_data_copy_one(r);
+	r = r->next;
+	while (r) {
+		tmp = line_log_data_copy_one(r);
+		prev->next = tmp;
+		prev = tmp;
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* merge two range sets across files */
+static struct line_log_data *line_log_data_merge(struct line_log_data *a,
+						 struct line_log_data *b)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *head = NULL, **pp = &head;
+
+	while (a || b) {
+		struct line_log_data *src;
+		struct line_log_data *src2 = NULL;
+		struct line_log_data *d;
+		int cmp;
+		if (!a)
+			cmp = 1;
+		else if (!b)
+			cmp = -1;
+		else
+			cmp = strcmp(a->path, b->path);
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			src = a;
+			a = a->next;
+		} else if (cmp == 0) {
+			src = a;
+			a = a->next;
+			src2 = b;
+			b = b->next;
+		} else {
+			src = b;
+			b = b->next;
+		}
+		d = xmalloc(sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+		line_log_data_init(d);
+		d->path = xstrdup(src->path);
+		*pp = d;
+		pp = &d->next;
+		if (src2)
+			range_set_union(&d->ranges, &src->ranges, &src2->ranges);
+		else
+			range_set_copy(&d->ranges, &src->ranges);
+	}
+
+	return head;
+}
+
+static void add_line_range(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+			   struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *old = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *new = NULL;
+
+	old = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+	if (old && range) {
+		new = line_log_data_merge(old, range);
+		free_line_log_data(old);
+	} else if (range)
+		new = line_log_data_copy(range);
+
+	if (new)
+		add_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object, new);
+}
+
+static void clear_commit_line_range(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *r;
+	r = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+	if (!r)
+		return;
+	free_line_log_data(r);
+	add_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object, NULL);
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *lookup_line_range(struct rev_info *revs,
+					       struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *d;
+
+	ret = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+
+	for (d = ret; d; d = d->next)
+		range_set_check_invariants(&d->ranges);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void line_log_init(struct rev_info *rev, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *range;
+
+	commit = check_single_commit(rev);
+	range = parse_lines(commit, prefix, args);
+	add_line_range(rev, commit, range);
+
+	if (!rev->diffopt.detect_rename) {
+		struct line_log_data *r;
+		struct argv_array array = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		const char **paths;
+
+		for (r = range; r; r = r->next)
+			argv_array_push(&array, r->path);
+		paths = argv_array_detach(&array);
+
+		parse_pathspec(&rev->diffopt.pathspec, 0,
+			       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL, "", paths);
+		/* strings are now owned by pathspec */
+		free(paths);
+	}
+}
+
+static void move_diff_queue(struct diff_queue_struct *dst,
+			    struct diff_queue_struct *src)
+{
+	assert(src != dst);
+	memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(struct diff_queue_struct));
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(src);
+}
+
+static void filter_diffs_for_paths(struct line_log_data *range, int keep_deletions)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+		struct line_log_data *rg = NULL;
+
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			if (keep_deletions)
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		for (rg = range; rg; rg = rg->next) {
+			if (!strcmp(rg->path, p->two->path))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (rg)
+			diff_q(&outq, p);
+		else
+			diff_free_filepair(p);
+	}
+	free(diff_queued_diff.queue);
+	diff_queued_diff = outq;
+}
+
+static inline int diff_might_be_rename(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->one)) {
+			/* fprintf(stderr, "diff_might_be_rename found creation of: %s\n", */
+			/* 	diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->path); */
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void queue_diffs(struct line_log_data *range,
+			struct diff_options *opt,
+			struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+			struct commit *commit, struct commit *parent)
+{
+	assert(commit);
+
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&diff_queued_diff);
+	diff_tree_sha1(parent ? parent->tree->object.oid.hash : NULL,
+			commit->tree->object.oid.hash, "", opt);
+	if (opt->detect_rename) {
+		filter_diffs_for_paths(range, 1);
+		if (diff_might_be_rename())
+			diffcore_std(opt);
+		filter_diffs_for_paths(range, 0);
+	}
+	move_diff_queue(queue, &diff_queued_diff);
+}
+
+static char *get_nth_line(long line, unsigned long *ends, void *data)
+{
+	if (line == 0)
+		return (char *)data;
+	else
+		return (char *)data + ends[line] + 1;
+}
+
+static void print_line(const char *prefix, char first,
+		       long line, unsigned long *ends, void *data,
+		       const char *color, const char *reset)
+{
+	char *begin = get_nth_line(line, ends, data);
+	char *end = get_nth_line(line+1, ends, data);
+	int had_nl = 0;
+
+	if (end > begin && end[-1] == '\n') {
+		end--;
+		had_nl = 1;
+	}
+
+	fputs(prefix, stdout);
+	fputs(color, stdout);
+	putchar(first);
+	fwrite(begin, 1, end-begin, stdout);
+	fputs(reset, stdout);
+	putchar('\n');
+	if (!had_nl)
+		fputs("\\ No newline at end of file\n", stdout);
+}
+
+static char *output_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	char *prefix = "";
+
+	if (opt->output_prefix) {
+		struct strbuf *sb = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+		prefix = sb->buf;
+	}
+
+	return prefix;
+}
+
+static void dump_diff_hacky_one(struct rev_info *rev, struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+	long p_lines, t_lines;
+	unsigned long *p_ends = NULL, *t_ends = NULL;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair = range->pair;
+	struct diff_ranges *diff = &range->diff;
+
+	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+	char *prefix = output_prefix(opt);
+	const char *c_reset = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
+	const char *c_frag = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FRAGINFO);
+	const char *c_meta = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *c_old = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+	const char *c_new = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+	const char *c_context = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_CONTEXT);
+
+	if (!pair || !diff)
+		return;
+
+	if (pair->one->sha1_valid)
+		fill_line_ends(pair->one, &p_lines, &p_ends);
+	fill_line_ends(pair->two, &t_lines, &t_ends);
+
+	printf("%s%sdiff --git a/%s b/%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta, pair->one->path, pair->two->path, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%s--- %s%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta,
+	       pair->one->sha1_valid ? "a/" : "",
+	       pair->one->sha1_valid ? pair->one->path : "/dev/null",
+	       c_reset);
+	printf("%s%s+++ b/%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta, pair->two->path, c_reset);
+	for (i = 0; i < range->ranges.nr; i++) {
+		long p_start, p_end;
+		long t_start = range->ranges.ranges[i].start;
+		long t_end = range->ranges.ranges[i].end;
+		long t_cur = t_start;
+		int j_last;
+
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j].end < t_start)
+			j++;
+		if (j == diff->target.nr || diff->target.ranges[j].start > t_end)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Scan ahead to determine the last diff that falls in this range */
+		j_last = j;
+		while (j_last < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j_last].start < t_end)
+			j_last++;
+		if (j_last > j)
+			j_last--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Compute parent hunk headers: we know that the diff
+		 * has the correct line numbers (but not all hunks).
+		 * So it suffices to shift the start/end according to
+		 * the line numbers of the first/last hunk(s) that
+		 * fall in this range.
+		 */
+		if (t_start < diff->target.ranges[j].start)
+			p_start = diff->parent.ranges[j].start - (diff->target.ranges[j].start-t_start);
+		else
+			p_start = diff->parent.ranges[j].start;
+		if (t_end > diff->target.ranges[j_last].end)
+			p_end = diff->parent.ranges[j_last].end + (t_end-diff->target.ranges[j_last].end);
+		else
+			p_end = diff->parent.ranges[j_last].end;
+
+		if (!p_start && !p_end) {
+			p_start = -1;
+			p_end = -1;
+		}
+
+		/* Now output a diff hunk for this range */
+		printf("%s%s@@ -%ld,%ld +%ld,%ld @@%s\n",
+		       prefix, c_frag,
+		       p_start+1, p_end-p_start, t_start+1, t_end-t_start,
+		       c_reset);
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j].start < t_end) {
+			int k;
+			for (; t_cur < diff->target.ranges[j].start; t_cur++)
+				print_line(prefix, ' ', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+					   c_context, c_reset);
+			for (k = diff->parent.ranges[j].start; k < diff->parent.ranges[j].end; k++)
+				print_line(prefix, '-', k, p_ends, pair->one->data,
+					   c_old, c_reset);
+			for (; t_cur < diff->target.ranges[j].end && t_cur < t_end; t_cur++)
+				print_line(prefix, '+', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+					   c_new, c_reset);
+			j++;
+		}
+		for (; t_cur < t_end; t_cur++)
+			print_line(prefix, ' ', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+				   c_context, c_reset);
+	}
+
+	free(p_ends);
+	free(t_ends);
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEEDSWORK: manually building a diff here is not the Right
+ * Thing(tm).  log -L should be built into the diff pipeline.
+ */
+static void dump_diff_hacky(struct rev_info *rev, struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	puts(output_prefix(&rev->diffopt));
+	while (range) {
+		dump_diff_hacky_one(rev, range);
+		range = range->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unlike most other functions, this destructively operates on
+ * 'range'.
+ */
+static int process_diff_filepair(struct rev_info *rev,
+				 struct diff_filepair *pair,
+				 struct line_log_data *range,
+				 struct diff_ranges **diff_out)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *rg = range;
+	struct range_set tmp;
+	struct diff_ranges diff;
+	mmfile_t file_parent, file_target;
+
+	assert(pair->two->path);
+	while (rg) {
+		assert(rg->path);
+		if (!strcmp(rg->path, pair->two->path))
+			break;
+		rg = rg->next;
+	}
+
+	if (!rg)
+		return 0;
+	if (rg->ranges.nr == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	assert(pair->two->sha1_valid);
+	diff_populate_filespec(pair->two, 0);
+	file_target.ptr = pair->two->data;
+	file_target.size = pair->two->size;
+
+	if (pair->one->sha1_valid) {
+		diff_populate_filespec(pair->one, 0);
+		file_parent.ptr = pair->one->data;
+		file_parent.size = pair->one->size;
+	} else {
+		file_parent.ptr = "";
+		file_parent.size = 0;
+	}
+
+	diff_ranges_init(&diff);
+	if (collect_diff(&file_parent, &file_target, &diff))
+		die("unable to generate diff for %s", pair->one->path);
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK should apply some heuristics to prevent mismatches */
+	free(rg->path);
+	rg->path = xstrdup(pair->one->path);
+
+	range_set_init(&tmp, 0);
+	range_set_map_across_diff(&tmp, &rg->ranges, &diff, diff_out);
+	range_set_release(&rg->ranges);
+	range_set_move(&rg->ranges, &tmp);
+
+	diff_ranges_release(&diff);
+
+	return ((*diff_out)->parent.nr > 0);
+}
+
+static struct diff_filepair *diff_filepair_dup(struct diff_filepair *pair)
+{
+	struct diff_filepair *new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct diff_filepair));
+	new->one = pair->one;
+	new->two = pair->two;
+	new->one->count++;
+	new->two->count++;
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void free_diffqueues(int n, struct diff_queue_struct *dq)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		for (j = 0; j < dq[i].nr; j++)
+			diff_free_filepair(dq[i].queue[j]);
+	free(dq);
+}
+
+static int process_all_files(struct line_log_data **range_out,
+			     struct rev_info *rev,
+			     struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+			     struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	int i, changed = 0;
+
+	*range_out = line_log_data_copy(range);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < queue->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_ranges *pairdiff = NULL;
+		struct diff_filepair *pair = queue->queue[i];
+		if (process_diff_filepair(rev, pair, *range_out, &pairdiff)) {
+			/*
+			 * Store away the diff for later output.  We
+			 * tuck it in the ranges we got as _input_,
+			 * since that's the commit that caused the
+			 * diff.
+			 *
+			 * NEEDSWORK not enough when we get around to
+			 * doing something interesting with merges;
+			 * currently each invocation on a merge parent
+			 * trashes the previous one's diff.
+			 *
+			 * NEEDSWORK tramples over data structures not owned here
+			 */
+			struct line_log_data *rg = range;
+			changed++;
+			while (rg && strcmp(rg->path, pair->two->path))
+				rg = rg->next;
+			assert(rg);
+			rg->pair = diff_filepair_dup(queue->queue[i]);
+			memcpy(&rg->diff, pairdiff, sizeof(struct diff_ranges));
+		}
+		free(pairdiff);
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+int line_log_print(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *range = lookup_line_range(rev, commit);
+
+	show_log(rev);
+	dump_diff_hacky(rev, range);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_ordinary_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit,
+					  struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct commit *parent = NULL;
+	struct diff_queue_struct queue;
+	struct line_log_data *parent_range;
+	int changed;
+
+	if (commit->parents)
+		parent = commit->parents->item;
+
+	queue_diffs(range, &rev->diffopt, &queue, commit, parent);
+	changed = process_all_files(&parent_range, rev, &queue, range);
+	if (parent)
+		add_line_range(rev, parent, parent_range);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_merge_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit,
+				       struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *diffqueues;
+	struct line_log_data **cand;
+	struct commit **parents;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int i;
+	int nparents = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+
+	if (nparents > 1 && rev->first_parent_only)
+		nparents = 1;
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(diffqueues, nparents);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(cand, nparents);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(parents, nparents);
+
+	p = commit->parents;
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		parents[i] = p->item;
+		p = p->next;
+		queue_diffs(range, &rev->diffopt, &diffqueues[i], commit, parents[i]);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		int changed;
+		cand[i] = NULL;
+		changed = process_all_files(&cand[i], rev, &diffqueues[i], range);
+		if (!changed) {
+			/*
+			 * This parent can take all the blame, so we
+			 * don't follow any other path in history
+			 */
+			add_line_range(rev, parents[i], cand[i]);
+			clear_commit_line_range(rev, commit);
+			commit_list_append(parents[i], &commit->parents);
+			free(parents);
+			free(cand);
+			free_diffqueues(nparents, diffqueues);
+			/* NEEDSWORK leaking like a sieve */
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No single parent took the blame.  We add the candidates
+	 * from the above loop to the parents.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		add_line_range(rev, parents[i], cand[i]);
+	}
+
+	clear_commit_line_range(rev, commit);
+	free(parents);
+	free(cand);
+	free_diffqueues(nparents, diffqueues);
+	return 1;
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK evil merge detection stuff */
+	/* NEEDSWORK leaking like a sieve */
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *range = lookup_line_range(rev, commit);
+	int changed = 0;
+
+	if (range) {
+		if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
+			changed = process_ranges_ordinary_commit(rev, commit, range);
+		else
+			changed = process_ranges_merge_commit(rev, commit, range);
+	}
+
+	if (!changed)
+		commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static enum rewrite_result line_log_rewrite_one(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit **pp)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		struct commit *p = *pp;
+		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!p->parents)
+			return rewrite_one_noparents;
+		*pp = p->parents->item;
+	}
+}
+
+int line_log_filter(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *list = rev->commits;
+	struct commit_list *out = NULL, **pp = &out;
+
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *to_free = NULL;
+		commit = list->item;
+		if (process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(rev, commit)) {
+			*pp = list;
+			pp = &list->next;
+		} else
+			to_free = list;
+		list = list->next;
+		free(to_free);
+	}
+	*pp = NULL;
+
+	for (list = out; list; list = list->next)
+		rewrite_parents(rev, list->item, line_log_rewrite_one);
+
+	rev->commits = out;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/line-log.h b/line-log.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a5c24e2df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef LINE_LOG_H
+#define LINE_LOG_H
+
+#include "diffcore.h"
+
+struct rev_info;
+struct commit;
+
+/* A range [start,end].  Lines are numbered starting at 0, and the
+ * ranges include start but exclude end. */
+struct range {
+	long start, end;
+};
+
+/* A set of ranges.  The ranges must always be disjoint and sorted. */
+struct range_set {
+	int alloc, nr;
+	struct range *ranges;
+};
+
+/* A diff, encoded as the set of pre- and post-image ranges where the
+ * files differ. A pair of ranges corresponds to a hunk. */
+struct diff_ranges {
+	struct range_set parent;
+	struct range_set target;
+};
+
+extern void range_set_init(struct range_set *, size_t prealloc);
+extern void range_set_release(struct range_set *);
+/* Range includes start; excludes end */
+extern void range_set_append_unsafe(struct range_set *, long start, long end);
+/* New range must begin at or after end of last added range */
+extern void range_set_append(struct range_set *, long start, long end);
+/*
+ * In-place pass of sorting and merging the ranges in the range set,
+ * to sort and make the ranges disjoint.
+ */
+extern void sort_and_merge_range_set(struct range_set *);
+
+/* Linked list of interesting files and their associated ranges.  The
+ * list must be kept sorted by path.
+ *
+ * For simplicity, even though this is highly redundant, each
+ * line_log_data owns its 'path'.
+ */
+struct line_log_data {
+	struct line_log_data *next;
+	char *path;
+	char status;
+	struct range_set ranges;
+	int arg_alloc, arg_nr;
+	const char **args;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair;
+	struct diff_ranges diff;
+};
+
+extern void line_log_init(struct rev_info *rev, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args);
+
+extern int line_log_filter(struct rev_info *rev);
+
+extern int line_log_print(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit);
+
+#endif /* LINE_LOG_H */
diff --git a/line-range.c b/line-range.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de4e32f942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-range.c
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+
+/*
+ * Parse one item in the -L option
+ *
+ * 'begin' is applicable only to relative range anchors. Absolute anchors
+ * ignore this value.
+ *
+ * When parsing "-L A,B", parse_loc() is called once for A and once for B.
+ *
+ * When parsing A, 'begin' must be a negative number, the absolute value of
+ * which is the line at which relative start-of-range anchors should be
+ * based. Beginning of file is represented by -1.
+ *
+ * When parsing B, 'begin' must be the positive line number immediately
+ * following the line computed for 'A'.
+ */
+static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec, nth_line_fn_t nth_line,
+			     void *data, long lines, long begin, long *ret)
+{
+	char *term;
+	const char *line;
+	long num;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+
+	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
+	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
+	 * <something>.
+	 */
+	if (1 <= begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
+		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
+		if (term != spec + 1) {
+			if (!ret)
+				return term;
+			if (num == 0)
+				die("-L invalid empty range");
+			if (spec[0] == '-')
+				num = 0 - num;
+			if (0 < num)
+				*ret = begin + num - 2;
+			else if (!num)
+				*ret = begin;
+			else
+				*ret = begin + num;
+			return term;
+		}
+		return spec;
+	}
+	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
+	if (term != spec) {
+		if (ret) {
+			if (num <= 0)
+				die("-L invalid line number: %ld", num);
+			*ret = num;
+		}
+		return term;
+	}
+
+	if (begin < 0) {
+		if (spec[0] != '^')
+			begin = -begin;
+		else {
+			begin = 1;
+			spec++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (spec[0] != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
+	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
+		if (*term == '\\')
+			term++;
+	}
+	if (*term != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* in the scan-only case we are not interested in the regex */
+	if (!ret)
+		return term+1;
+
+	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
+	*term = 0;
+	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
+	line = nth_line(data, begin);
+
+	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
+	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
+		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
+		const char *nline;
+
+		while (begin++ < lines) {
+			nline = nth_line(data, begin);
+			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
+				break;
+			line = nline;
+		}
+		*ret = begin;
+		regfree(&regexp);
+		*term++ = '/';
+		return term;
+	}
+	else {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s' starting at line %ld: %s",
+		    spec + 1, begin + 1, errbuf);
+	}
+}
+
+static int match_funcname(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *bol, const char *eol)
+{
+	if (xecfg) {
+		char buf[1];
+		return xecfg->find_func(bol, eol - bol, buf, 1,
+					xecfg->find_func_priv) >= 0;
+	}
+
+	if (bol == eol)
+		return 0;
+	if (isalpha(*bol) || *bol == '_' || *bol == '$')
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *find_funcname_matching_regexp(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *start,
+						 regex_t *regexp)
+{
+	int reg_error;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+	while (1) {
+		const char *bol, *eol;
+		reg_error = regexec(regexp, start, 1, match, 0);
+		if (reg_error == REG_NOMATCH)
+			return NULL;
+		else if (reg_error) {
+			char errbuf[1024];
+			regerror(reg_error, regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+			die("-L parameter: regexec() failed: %s", errbuf);
+		}
+		/* determine extent of line matched */
+		bol = start+match[0].rm_so;
+		eol = start+match[0].rm_eo;
+		while (bol > start && *bol != '\n')
+			bol--;
+		if (*bol == '\n')
+			bol++;
+		while (*eol && *eol != '\n')
+			eol++;
+		if (*eol == '\n')
+			eol++;
+		/* is it a funcname line? */
+		if (match_funcname(xecfg, (char*) bol, (char*) eol))
+			return bol;
+		start = eol;
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *parse_range_funcname(const char *arg, nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+					void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor, long *begin, long *end,
+					const char *path)
+{
+	char *pattern;
+	const char *term;
+	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	xdemitconf_t *xecfg = NULL;
+	const char *start;
+	const char *p;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+
+	if (*arg == '^') {
+		anchor = 1;
+		arg++;
+	}
+
+	assert(*arg == ':');
+	term = arg+1;
+	while (*term && *term != ':') {
+		if (*term == '\\' && *(term+1))
+			term++;
+		term++;
+	}
+	if (term == arg+1)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!begin) /* skip_range_arg case */
+		return term;
+
+	pattern = xstrndup(arg+1, term-(arg+1));
+
+	anchor--; /* input is in human terms */
+	start = nth_line_cb(cb_data, anchor);
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_path(path);
+	if (drv && drv->funcname.pattern) {
+		const struct userdiff_funcname *pe = &drv->funcname;
+		xecfg = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*xecfg));
+		xdiff_set_find_func(xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
+	}
+
+	reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, pattern, REG_NEWLINE);
+	if (reg_error) {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", pattern, errbuf);
+	}
+
+	p = find_funcname_matching_regexp(xecfg, (char*) start, &regexp);
+	if (!p)
+		die("-L parameter '%s' starting at line %ld: no match",
+		    pattern, anchor + 1);
+	*begin = 0;
+	while (p > nth_line_cb(cb_data, *begin))
+		(*begin)++;
+
+	if (*begin >= lines)
+		die("-L parameter '%s' matches at EOF", pattern);
+
+	*end = *begin+1;
+	while (*end < lines) {
+		const char *bol = nth_line_cb(cb_data, *end);
+		const char *eol = nth_line_cb(cb_data, *end+1);
+		if (match_funcname(xecfg, bol, eol))
+			break;
+		(*end)++;
+	}
+
+	regfree(&regexp);
+	free(xecfg);
+	free(pattern);
+
+	/* compensate for 1-based numbering */
+	(*begin)++;
+
+	return term;
+}
+
+int parse_range_arg(const char *arg, nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+		    void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor,
+		    long *begin, long *end, const char *path)
+{
+	*begin = *end = 0;
+
+	if (anchor < 1)
+		anchor = 1;
+	if (anchor > lines)
+		anchor = lines + 1;
+
+	if (*arg == ':' || (*arg == '^' && *(arg + 1) == ':')) {
+		arg = parse_range_funcname(arg, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, anchor, begin, end, path);
+		if (!arg || *arg)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	arg = parse_loc(arg, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, -anchor, begin);
+
+	if (*arg == ',')
+		arg = parse_loc(arg + 1, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, *begin + 1, end);
+
+	if (*arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (*begin && *end && *end < *begin) {
+		long tmp;
+		tmp = *end; *end = *begin; *begin = tmp;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const char *skip_range_arg(const char *arg)
+{
+	if (*arg == ':' || (*arg == '^' && *(arg + 1) == ':'))
+		return parse_range_funcname(arg, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+	arg = parse_loc(arg, NULL, NULL, 0, -1, NULL);
+
+	if (*arg == ',')
+		arg = parse_loc(arg+1, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
+
+	return arg;
+}
diff --git a/line-range.h b/line-range.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83ba3c25e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-range.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef LINE_RANGE_H
+#define LINE_RANGE_H
+
+/*
+ * Parse one item in an -L begin,end option w.r.t. the notional file
+ * object 'cb_data' consisting of 'lines' lines.
+ *
+ * The 'nth_line_cb' callback is used to determine the start of the
+ * line 'lno' inside the 'cb_data'.  The caller is expected to already
+ * have a suitable map at hand to make this a constant-time lookup.
+ *
+ * 'anchor' is the 1-based line at which relative range specifications
+ * should be anchored. Absolute ranges are unaffected by this value.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 in case of success and -1 if there was an error.  The
+ * actual range is stored in *begin and *end.  The counting starts
+ * at 1!  In case of error, the caller should show usage message.
+ */
+
+typedef const char *(*nth_line_fn_t)(void *data, long lno);
+
+extern int parse_range_arg(const char *arg,
+			   nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+			   void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor,
+			   long *begin, long *end,
+			   const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Scan past a range argument that could be parsed by
+ * 'parse_range_arg', to help the caller determine the start of the
+ * filename in '-L n,m:file' syntax.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the first character after the 'n,m' part, or
+ * NULL in case the argument is obviously malformed.
+ */
+
+extern const char *skip_range_arg(const char *arg);
+
+#endif /* LINE_RANGE_H */
diff --git a/list-objects.c b/list-objects.c
index 3dd4a96019..f3ca6aafb7 100644
--- a/list-objects.c
+++ b/list-objects.c
@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@
 static void process_blob(struct rev_info *revs,
 			 struct blob *blob,
 			 show_object_fn show,
-			 struct name_path *path,
+			 struct strbuf *path,
 			 const char *name,
 			 void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *obj = &blob->object;
+	size_t pathlen;
 
 	if (!revs->blob_objects)
 		return;
@@ -24,7 +25,11 @@ static void process_blob(struct rev_info *revs,
 	if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
 		return;
 	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	show(obj, path, name, cb_data);
+
+	pathlen = path->len;
+	strbuf_addstr(path, name);
+	show(obj, path->buf, cb_data);
+	strbuf_setlen(path, pathlen);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ static void process_blob(struct rev_info *revs,
 static void process_gitlink(struct rev_info *revs,
 			    const unsigned char *sha1,
 			    show_object_fn show,
-			    struct name_path *path,
+			    struct strbuf *path,
 			    const char *name,
 			    void *cb_data)
 {
@@ -62,7 +67,6 @@ static void process_gitlink(struct rev_info *revs,
 static void process_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 			 struct tree *tree,
 			 show_object_fn show,
-			 struct name_path *path,
 			 struct strbuf *base,
 			 const char *name,
 			 void *cb_data)
@@ -70,7 +74,6 @@ static void process_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
 	struct tree_desc desc;
 	struct name_entry entry;
-	struct name_path me;
 	enum interesting match = revs->diffopt.pathspec.nr == 0 ?
 		all_entries_interesting: entry_not_interesting;
 	int baselen = base->len;
@@ -81,20 +84,18 @@ static void process_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 		die("bad tree object");
 	if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
 		return;
-	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
-		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	show(obj, path, name, cb_data);
-	me.up = path;
-	me.elem = name;
-	me.elem_len = strlen(name);
-
-	if (!match) {
-		strbuf_addstr(base, name);
-		if (base->len)
-			strbuf_addch(base, '/');
+	if (parse_tree_gently(tree, revs->ignore_missing_links) < 0) {
+		if (revs->ignore_missing_links)
+			return;
+		die("bad tree object %s", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 	}
 
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+	strbuf_addstr(base, name);
+	show(obj, base->buf, cb_data);
+	if (base->len)
+		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
+
 	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 
 	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
@@ -109,22 +110,21 @@ static void process_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
 			process_tree(revs,
-				     lookup_tree(entry.sha1),
-				     show, &me, base, entry.path,
+				     lookup_tree(entry.oid->hash),
+				     show, base, entry.path,
 				     cb_data);
 		else if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
-			process_gitlink(revs, entry.sha1,
-					show, &me, entry.path,
+			process_gitlink(revs, entry.oid->hash,
+					show, base, entry.path,
 					cb_data);
 		else
 			process_blob(revs,
-				     lookup_blob(entry.sha1),
-				     show, &me, entry.path,
+				     lookup_blob(entry.oid->hash),
+				     show, base, entry.path,
 				     cb_data);
 	}
 	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 }
 
 static void mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit,
@@ -145,19 +145,37 @@ static void mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit,
 	}
 }
 
-void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *list,
-			      struct rev_info *revs,
-			      show_edge_fn show_edge)
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct rev_info *revs, show_edge_fn show_edge)
 {
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	int i;
+
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 
 		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 			mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+			if (revs->edge_hint_aggressive && !(commit->object.flags & SHOWN)) {
+				commit->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+				show_edge(commit);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(commit, revs, show_edge);
 	}
+	if (revs->edge_hint_aggressive) {
+		for (i = 0; i < revs->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+			struct object *obj = revs->cmdline.rev[i].item;
+			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)obj;
+			if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
+				continue;
+			mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+			if (!(obj->flags & SHOWN)) {
+				obj->flags |= SHOWN;
+				show_edge(commit);
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 static void add_pending_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct tree *tree)
@@ -188,31 +206,29 @@ void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
 		struct object_array_entry *pending = revs->pending.objects + i;
 		struct object *obj = pending->item;
 		const char *name = pending->name;
+		const char *path = pending->path;
 		if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
 			continue;
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 			obj->flags |= SEEN;
-			show_object(obj, NULL, name, data);
+			show_object(obj, name, data);
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!path)
+			path = "";
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 			process_tree(revs, (struct tree *)obj, show_object,
-				     NULL, &base, name, data);
+				     &base, path, data);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			process_blob(revs, (struct blob *)obj, show_object,
-				     NULL, name, data);
+				     &base, path, data);
 			continue;
 		}
 		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)",
-		    sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
-	}
-	if (revs->pending.nr) {
-		free(revs->pending.objects);
-		revs->pending.nr = 0;
-		revs->pending.alloc = 0;
-		revs->pending.objects = NULL;
+		    oid_to_hex(&obj->oid), name);
 	}
+	object_array_clear(&revs->pending);
 	strbuf_release(&base);
 }
diff --git a/list-objects.h b/list-objects.h
index 3db7bb6fa3..0cebf8585c 100644
--- a/list-objects.h
+++ b/list-objects.h
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 #define LIST_OBJECTS_H
 
 typedef void (*show_commit_fn)(struct commit *, void *);
-typedef void (*show_object_fn)(struct object *, const struct name_path *, const char *, void *);
+typedef void (*show_object_fn)(struct object *, const char *, void *);
 void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *, show_commit_fn, show_object_fn, void *);
 
 typedef void (*show_edge_fn)(struct commit *);
-void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *, struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ll-merge.c b/ll-merge.c
index da59738c9b..ad8be42f91 100644
--- a/ll-merge.c
+++ b/ll-merge.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "quote.h"
 
 struct ll_merge_driver;
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ struct ll_merge_driver {
  */
 static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 			   mmbuffer_t *result,
-			   const char *path_unused,
+			   const char *path,
 			   mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
 			   mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
 			   mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
@@ -46,16 +47,36 @@ static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 	assert(opts);
 
 	/*
-	 * The tentative merge result is "ours" for the final round,
-	 * or common ancestor for an internal merge.  Still return
-	 * "conflicted merge" status.
+	 * The tentative merge result is the common ancestor for an
+	 * internal merge.  For the final merge, it is "ours" by
+	 * default but -Xours/-Xtheirs can tweak the choice.
 	 */
-	stolen = opts->virtual_ancestor ? orig : src1;
+	if (opts->virtual_ancestor) {
+		stolen = orig;
+	} else {
+		switch (opts->variant) {
+		default:
+			warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+				path, name1, name2);
+			/* fallthru */
+		case XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS:
+			stolen = src1;
+			break;
+		case XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS:
+			stolen = src2;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
 
 	result->ptr = stolen->ptr;
 	result->size = stolen->size;
 	stolen->ptr = NULL;
-	return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * With -Xtheirs or -Xours, we have cleanly merged;
+	 * otherwise we got a conflict.
+	 */
+	return (opts->variant ? 0 : 1);
 }
 
 static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
@@ -70,11 +91,12 @@ static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 	xmparam_t xmp;
 	assert(opts);
 
-	if (buffer_is_binary(orig->ptr, orig->size) ||
+	if (orig->size > MAX_XDIFF_SIZE ||
+	    src1->size > MAX_XDIFF_SIZE ||
+	    src2->size > MAX_XDIFF_SIZE ||
+	    buffer_is_binary(orig->ptr, orig->size) ||
 	    buffer_is_binary(src1->ptr, src1->size) ||
 	    buffer_is_binary(src2->ptr, src2->size)) {
-		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)\n",
-			path, name1, name2);
 		return ll_binary_merge(drv_unused, result,
 				       path,
 				       orig, orig_name,
@@ -125,11 +147,11 @@ static struct ll_merge_driver ll_merge_drv[] = {
 	{ "union", "built-in union merge", ll_union_merge },
 };
 
-static void create_temp(mmfile_t *src, char *path)
+static void create_temp(mmfile_t *src, char *path, size_t len)
 {
 	int fd;
 
-	strcpy(path, ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
+	xsnprintf(path, len, ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
 	fd = xmkstemp(path);
 	if (write_in_full(fd, src->ptr, src->size) != src->size)
 		die_errno("unable to write temp-file");
@@ -150,27 +172,30 @@ static int ll_ext_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *fn,
 {
 	char temp[4][50];
 	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry dict[5];
+	struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry dict[6];
+	struct strbuf path_sq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *args[] = { NULL, NULL };
 	int status, fd, i;
 	struct stat st;
 	assert(opts);
 
+	sq_quote_buf(&path_sq, path);
 	dict[0].placeholder = "O"; dict[0].value = temp[0];
 	dict[1].placeholder = "A"; dict[1].value = temp[1];
 	dict[2].placeholder = "B"; dict[2].value = temp[2];
 	dict[3].placeholder = "L"; dict[3].value = temp[3];
-	dict[4].placeholder = NULL; dict[4].value = NULL;
+	dict[4].placeholder = "P"; dict[4].value = path_sq.buf;
+	dict[5].placeholder = NULL; dict[5].value = NULL;
 
 	if (fn->cmdline == NULL)
 		die("custom merge driver %s lacks command line.", fn->name);
 
 	result->ptr = NULL;
 	result->size = 0;
-	create_temp(orig, temp[0]);
-	create_temp(src1, temp[1]);
-	create_temp(src2, temp[2]);
-	sprintf(temp[3], "%d", marker_size);
+	create_temp(orig, temp[0], sizeof(temp[0]));
+	create_temp(src1, temp[1], sizeof(temp[1]));
+	create_temp(src2, temp[2], sizeof(temp[2]));
+	xsnprintf(temp[3], sizeof(temp[3]), "%d", marker_size);
 
 	strbuf_expand(&cmd, fn->cmdline, strbuf_expand_dict_cb, &dict);
 
@@ -182,7 +207,7 @@ static int ll_ext_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *fn,
 	if (fstat(fd, &st))
 		goto close_bad;
 	result->size = st.st_size;
-	result->ptr = xmalloc(result->size + 1);
+	result->ptr = xmallocz(result->size);
 	if (read_in_full(fd, result->ptr, result->size) != result->size) {
 		free(result->ptr);
 		result->ptr = NULL;
@@ -194,6 +219,7 @@ static int ll_ext_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *fn,
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
 		unlink_or_warn(temp[i]);
 	strbuf_release(&cmd);
+	strbuf_release(&path_sq);
 	return status;
 }
 
@@ -206,29 +232,24 @@ static const char *default_ll_merge;
 static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	struct ll_merge_driver *fn;
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.default")) {
-		if (value)
-			default_ll_merge = xstrdup(value);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.default"))
+		return git_config_string(&default_ll_merge, var, value);
 
 	/*
 	 * We are not interested in anything but "merge.<name>.variable";
 	 * especially, we do not want to look at variables such as
 	 * "merge.summary", "merge.tool", and "merge.verbosity".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "merge.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 5)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "merge", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Find existing one as we might be processing merge.<name>.var2
 	 * after seeing merge.<name>.var1.
 	 */
-	name = var + 6;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (fn = ll_user_merge; fn; fn = fn->next)
 		if (!strncmp(fn->name, name, namelen) && !fn->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -240,16 +261,10 @@ static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		ll_user_merge_tail = &(fn->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
+	if (!strcmp("name", key))
+		return git_config_string(&fn->description, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("name", ep)) {
-		if (!value)
-			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
-		fn->description = xstrdup(value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp("driver", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("driver", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		/*
@@ -264,6 +279,7 @@ static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		 *    %A - temporary file name for our version.
 		 *    %B - temporary file name for the other branches' version.
 		 *    %L - conflict marker length
+		 *    %P - the original path (safely quoted for the shell)
 		 *
 		 * The external merge driver should write the results in the
 		 * file named by %A, and signal that it has done with zero exit
@@ -273,12 +289,8 @@ static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("recursive", ep)) {
-		if (!value)
-			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
-		fn->recursive = xstrdup(value);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (!strcmp("recursive", key))
+		return git_config_string(&fn->recursive, var, value);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -373,8 +385,12 @@ int ll_merge(mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
 		}
 	}
 	driver = find_ll_merge_driver(ll_driver_name);
-	if (opts->virtual_ancestor && driver->recursive)
-		driver = find_ll_merge_driver(driver->recursive);
+
+	if (opts->virtual_ancestor) {
+		if (driver->recursive)
+			driver = find_ll_merge_driver(driver->recursive);
+		marker_size += 2;
+	}
 	return driver->fn(driver, result_buf, path, ancestor, ancestor_label,
 			  ours, our_label, theirs, their_label,
 			  opts, marker_size);
diff --git a/lockfile.c b/lockfile.c
index c6fb77b26f..9268cdf325 100644
--- a/lockfile.c
+++ b/lockfile.c
@@ -1,61 +1,33 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2005, Junio C Hamano
  */
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "sigchain.h"
-
-static struct lock_file *lock_file_list;
-static const char *alternate_index_output;
-
-static void remove_lock_file(void)
-{
-	pid_t me = getpid();
-
-	while (lock_file_list) {
-		if (lock_file_list->owner == me &&
-		    lock_file_list->filename[0]) {
-			if (lock_file_list->fd >= 0)
-				close(lock_file_list->fd);
-			unlink_or_warn(lock_file_list->filename);
-		}
-		lock_file_list = lock_file_list->next;
-	}
-}
 
-static void remove_lock_file_on_signal(int signo)
-{
-	remove_lock_file();
-	sigchain_pop(signo);
-	raise(signo);
-}
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 
 /*
- * p = absolute or relative path name
+ * path = absolute or relative path name
  *
- * Return a pointer into p showing the beginning of the last path name
- * element.  If p is empty or the root directory ("/"), just return p.
+ * Remove the last path name element from path (leaving the preceding
+ * "/", if any).  If path is empty or the root directory ("/"), set
+ * path to the empty string.
  */
-static char *last_path_elm(char *p)
+static void trim_last_path_component(struct strbuf *path)
 {
-	/* r starts pointing to null at the end of the string */
-	char *r = strchr(p, '\0');
-
-	if (r == p)
-		return p; /* just return empty string */
-
-	r--; /* back up to last non-null character */
+	int i = path->len;
 
 	/* back up past trailing slashes, if any */
-	while (r > p && *r == '/')
-		r--;
+	while (i && path->buf[i - 1] == '/')
+		i--;
 
 	/*
-	 * then go backwards until I hit a slash, or the beginning of
-	 * the string
+	 * then go backwards until a slash, or the beginning of the
+	 * string
 	 */
-	while (r > p && *(r-1) != '/')
-		r--;
-	return r;
+	while (i && path->buf[i - 1] != '/')
+		i--;
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, i);
 }
 
 
@@ -63,218 +35,173 @@ static char *last_path_elm(char *p)
 #define MAXDEPTH 5
 
 /*
- * p = path that may be a symlink
- * s = full size of p
+ * path contains a path that might be a symlink.
  *
- * If p is a symlink, attempt to overwrite p with a path to the real
- * file or directory (which may or may not exist), following a chain of
- * symlinks if necessary.  Otherwise, leave p unmodified.
+ * If path is a symlink, attempt to overwrite it with a path to the
+ * real file or directory (which may or may not exist), following a
+ * chain of symlinks if necessary.  Otherwise, leave path unmodified.
  *
- * This is a best-effort routine.  If an error occurs, p will either be
- * left unmodified or will name a different symlink in a symlink chain
- * that started with p's initial contents.
- *
- * Always returns p.
+ * This is a best-effort routine.  If an error occurs, path will
+ * either be left unmodified or will name a different symlink in a
+ * symlink chain that started with the original path.
  */
-
-static char *resolve_symlink(char *p, size_t s)
+static void resolve_symlink(struct strbuf *path)
 {
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
+	static struct strbuf link = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	while (depth--) {
-		char link[PATH_MAX];
-		int link_len = readlink(p, link, sizeof(link));
-		if (link_len < 0) {
-			/* not a symlink anymore */
-			return p;
-		}
-		else if (link_len < sizeof(link))
-			/* readlink() never null-terminates */
-			link[link_len] = '\0';
-		else {
-			warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
-			return p;
-		}
-
-		if (is_absolute_path(link)) {
+		if (strbuf_readlink(&link, path->buf, path->len) < 0)
+			break;
+
+		if (is_absolute_path(link.buf))
 			/* absolute path simply replaces p */
-			if (link_len < s)
-				strcpy(p, link);
-			else {
-				warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
-				return p;
-			}
-		} else {
+			strbuf_reset(path);
+		else
 			/*
-			 * link is a relative path, so I must replace the
+			 * link is a relative path, so replace the
 			 * last element of p with it.
 			 */
-			char *r = (char *)last_path_elm(p);
-			if (r - p + link_len < s)
-				strcpy(r, link);
-			else {
-				warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
-				return p;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return p;
-}
-
+			trim_last_path_component(path);
 
-static int lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
-{
-	if (strlen(path) >= sizeof(lk->filename))
-		return -1;
-	strcpy(lk->filename, path);
-	/*
-	 * subtract 5 from size to make sure there's room for adding
-	 * ".lock" for the lock file name
-	 */
-	if (!(flags & LOCK_NODEREF))
-		resolve_symlink(lk->filename, sizeof(lk->filename)-5);
-	strcat(lk->filename, ".lock");
-	lk->fd = open(lk->filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
-	if (0 <= lk->fd) {
-		if (!lock_file_list) {
-			sigchain_push_common(remove_lock_file_on_signal);
-			atexit(remove_lock_file);
-		}
-		lk->owner = getpid();
-		if (!lk->on_list) {
-			lk->next = lock_file_list;
-			lock_file_list = lk;
-			lk->on_list = 1;
-		}
-		if (adjust_shared_perm(lk->filename))
-			return error("cannot fix permission bits on %s",
-				     lk->filename);
+		strbuf_addbuf(path, &link);
 	}
-	else
-		lk->filename[0] = 0;
-	return lk->fd;
+	strbuf_reset(&link);
 }
 
-static char *unable_to_lock_message(const char *path, int err)
+/* Make sure errno contains a meaningful value on error */
+static int lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+	struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (err == EEXIST) {
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n\n"
-		    "If no other git process is currently running, this probably means a\n"
-		    "git process crashed in this repository earlier. Make sure no other git\n"
-		    "process is running and remove the file manually to continue.",
-			    absolute_path(path), strerror(err));
-	} else
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s",
-			    absolute_path(path), strerror(err));
-	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-}
+	strbuf_addstr(&filename, path);
+	if (!(flags & LOCK_NO_DEREF))
+		resolve_symlink(&filename);
 
-int unable_to_lock_error(const char *path, int err)
-{
-	char *msg = unable_to_lock_message(path, err);
-	error("%s", msg);
-	free(msg);
-	return -1;
+	strbuf_addstr(&filename, LOCK_SUFFIX);
+	fd = create_tempfile(&lk->tempfile, filename.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&filename);
+	return fd;
 }
 
-NORETURN void unable_to_lock_index_die(const char *path, int err)
-{
-	die("%s", unable_to_lock_message(path, err));
-}
+/*
+ * Constants defining the gaps between attempts to lock a file. The
+ * first backoff period is approximately INITIAL_BACKOFF_MS
+ * milliseconds. The longest backoff period is approximately
+ * (BACKOFF_MAX_MULTIPLIER * INITIAL_BACKOFF_MS) milliseconds.
+ */
+#define INITIAL_BACKOFF_MS 1L
+#define BACKOFF_MAX_MULTIPLIER 1000
 
-int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
+/*
+ * Try locking path, retrying with quadratic backoff for at least
+ * timeout_ms milliseconds. If timeout_ms is 0, try locking the file
+ * exactly once. If timeout_ms is -1, try indefinitely.
+ */
+static int lock_file_timeout(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path,
+			     int flags, long timeout_ms)
 {
-	int fd = lock_file(lk, path, flags);
-	if (fd < 0 && (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR))
-		unable_to_lock_index_die(path, errno);
-	return fd;
-}
+	int n = 1;
+	int multiplier = 1;
+	long remaining_ms = 0;
+	static int random_initialized = 0;
 
-int hold_lock_file_for_append(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
-{
-	int fd, orig_fd;
+	if (timeout_ms == 0)
+		return lock_file(lk, path, flags);
 
-	fd = lock_file(lk, path, flags);
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
-			unable_to_lock_index_die(path, errno);
-		return fd;
+	if (!random_initialized) {
+		srand((unsigned int)getpid());
+		random_initialized = 1;
 	}
 
-	orig_fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-	if (orig_fd < 0) {
-		if (errno != ENOENT) {
-			if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
-				die("cannot open '%s' for copying", path);
-			close(fd);
-			return error("cannot open '%s' for copying", path);
-		}
-	} else if (copy_fd(orig_fd, fd)) {
-		if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
-			exit(128);
-		close(fd);
-		return -1;
+	if (timeout_ms > 0)
+		remaining_ms = timeout_ms;
+
+	while (1) {
+		long backoff_ms, wait_ms;
+		int fd;
+
+		fd = lock_file(lk, path, flags);
+
+		if (fd >= 0)
+			return fd; /* success */
+		else if (errno != EEXIST)
+			return -1; /* failure other than lock held */
+		else if (timeout_ms > 0 && remaining_ms <= 0)
+			return -1; /* failure due to timeout */
+
+		backoff_ms = multiplier * INITIAL_BACKOFF_MS;
+		/* back off for between 0.75*backoff_ms and 1.25*backoff_ms */
+		wait_ms = (750 + rand() % 500) * backoff_ms / 1000;
+		sleep_millisec(wait_ms);
+		remaining_ms -= wait_ms;
+
+		/* Recursion: (n+1)^2 = n^2 + 2n + 1 */
+		multiplier += 2*n + 1;
+		if (multiplier > BACKOFF_MAX_MULTIPLIER)
+			multiplier = BACKOFF_MAX_MULTIPLIER;
+		else
+			n++;
 	}
-	return fd;
 }
 
-int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+void unable_to_lock_message(const char *path, int err, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	int fd = lk->fd;
-	lk->fd = -1;
-	return close(fd);
+	if (err == EEXIST) {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, _("Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n\n"
+		    "Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+		    "an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+		    "are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+		    "may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+		    "remove the file manually to continue."),
+			    absolute_path(path), strerror(err));
+	} else
+		strbuf_addf(buf, _("Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"),
+			    absolute_path(path), strerror(err));
 }
 
-int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+NORETURN void unable_to_lock_die(const char *path, int err)
 {
-	char result_file[PATH_MAX];
-	size_t i;
-	if (lk->fd >= 0 && close_lock_file(lk))
-		return -1;
-	strcpy(result_file, lk->filename);
-	i = strlen(result_file) - 5; /* .lock */
-	result_file[i] = 0;
-	if (rename(lk->filename, result_file))
-		return -1;
-	lk->filename[0] = 0;
-	return 0;
-}
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-int hold_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk, int die_on_error)
-{
-	return hold_lock_file_for_update(lk, get_index_file(),
-					 die_on_error
-					 ? LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR
-					 : 0);
+	unable_to_lock_message(path, err, &buf);
+	die("%s", buf.buf);
 }
 
-void set_alternate_index_output(const char *name)
+/* This should return a meaningful errno on failure */
+int hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path,
+				      int flags, long timeout_ms)
 {
-	alternate_index_output = name;
+	int fd = lock_file_timeout(lk, path, flags, timeout_ms);
+	if (fd < 0 && (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR))
+		unable_to_lock_die(path, errno);
+	return fd;
 }
 
-int commit_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk)
+char *get_locked_file_path(struct lock_file *lk)
 {
-	if (alternate_index_output) {
-		if (lk->fd >= 0 && close_lock_file(lk))
-			return -1;
-		if (rename(lk->filename, alternate_index_output))
-			return -1;
-		lk->filename[0] = 0;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	else
-		return commit_lock_file(lk);
+	struct strbuf ret = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&ret, get_tempfile_path(&lk->tempfile));
+	if (ret.len <= LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN ||
+	    strcmp(ret.buf + ret.len - LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN, LOCK_SUFFIX))
+		die("BUG: get_locked_file_path() called for malformed lock object");
+	/* remove ".lock": */
+	strbuf_setlen(&ret, ret.len - LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN);
+	return strbuf_detach(&ret, NULL);
 }
 
-void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
 {
-	if (lk->filename[0]) {
-		if (lk->fd >= 0)
-			close(lk->fd);
-		unlink_or_warn(lk->filename);
+	char *result_path = get_locked_file_path(lk);
+
+	if (commit_lock_file_to(lk, result_path)) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		free(result_path);
+		errno = save_errno;
+		return -1;
 	}
-	lk->filename[0] = 0;
+	free(result_path);
+	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/lockfile.h b/lockfile.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d301937b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lockfile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+#ifndef LOCKFILE_H
+#define LOCKFILE_H
+
+/*
+ * File write-locks as used by Git.
+ *
+ * The lockfile API serves two purposes:
+ *
+ * * Mutual exclusion and atomic file updates. When we want to change
+ *   a file, we create a lockfile `<filename>.lock`, write the new
+ *   file contents into it, and then rename the lockfile to its final
+ *   destination `<filename>`. We create the `<filename>.lock` file
+ *   with `O_CREAT|O_EXCL` so that we can notice and fail if somebody
+ *   else has already locked the file, then atomically rename the
+ *   lockfile to its final destination to commit the changes and
+ *   unlock the file.
+ *
+ * * Automatic cruft removal. If the program exits after we lock a
+ *   file but before the changes have been committed, we want to make
+ *   sure that we remove the lockfile. This is done by remembering the
+ *   lockfiles we have created in a linked list and setting up an
+ *   `atexit(3)` handler and a signal handler that clean up the
+ *   lockfiles. This mechanism ensures that outstanding lockfiles are
+ *   cleaned up if the program exits (including when `die()` is
+ *   called) or if the program is terminated by a signal.
+ *
+ * Please note that lockfiles only block other writers. Readers do not
+ * block, but they are guaranteed to see either the old contents of
+ * the file or the new contents of the file (assuming that the
+ * filesystem implements `rename(2)` atomically).
+ *
+ * Most of the heavy lifting is done by the tempfile module (see
+ * "tempfile.h").
+ *
+ * Calling sequence
+ * ----------------
+ *
+ * The caller:
+ *
+ * * Allocates a `struct lock_file` either as a static variable or on
+ *   the heap, initialized to zeros. Once you use the structure to
+ *   call the `hold_lock_file_for_*()` family of functions, it belongs
+ *   to the lockfile subsystem and its storage must remain valid
+ *   throughout the life of the program (i.e. you cannot use an
+ *   on-stack variable to hold this structure).
+ *
+ * * Attempts to create a lockfile by calling `hold_lock_file_for_update()`.
+ *
+ * * Writes new content for the destination file by either:
+ *
+ *   * writing to the file descriptor returned by the
+ *     `hold_lock_file_for_*()` functions (also available via
+ *     `lock->fd`).
+ *
+ *   * calling `fdopen_lock_file()` to get a `FILE` pointer for the
+ *     open file and writing to the file using stdio.
+ *
+ * When finished writing, the caller can:
+ *
+ * * Close the file descriptor and rename the lockfile to its final
+ *   destination by calling `commit_lock_file()` or
+ *   `commit_lock_file_to()`.
+ *
+ * * Close the file descriptor and remove the lockfile by calling
+ *   `rollback_lock_file()`.
+ *
+ * * Close the file descriptor without removing or renaming the
+ *   lockfile by calling `close_lock_file()`, and later call
+ *   `commit_lock_file()`, `commit_lock_file_to()`,
+ *   `rollback_lock_file()`, or `reopen_lock_file()`.
+ *
+ * Even after the lockfile is committed or rolled back, the
+ * `lock_file` object must not be freed or altered by the caller.
+ * However, it may be reused; just pass it to another call of
+ * `hold_lock_file_for_update()`.
+ *
+ * If the program exits before `commit_lock_file()`,
+ * `commit_lock_file_to()`, or `rollback_lock_file()` is called, the
+ * tempfile module will close and remove the lockfile, thereby rolling
+ * back any uncommitted changes.
+ *
+ * If you need to close the file descriptor you obtained from a
+ * `hold_lock_file_for_*()` function yourself, do so by calling
+ * `close_lock_file()`. See "tempfile.h" for more information.
+ *
+ *
+ * Under the covers, a lockfile is just a tempfile with a few helper
+ * functions. In particular, the state diagram and the cleanup
+ * machinery are all implemented in the tempfile module.
+ *
+ *
+ * Error handling
+ * --------------
+ *
+ * The `hold_lock_file_for_*()` functions return a file descriptor on
+ * success or -1 on failure (unless `LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR` is used; see
+ * "flags" below). On errors, `errno` describes the reason for
+ * failure. Errors can be reported by passing `errno` to
+ * `unable_to_lock_message()` or `unable_to_lock_die()`.
+ *
+ * Similarly, `commit_lock_file`, `commit_lock_file_to`, and
+ * `close_lock_file` return 0 on success. On failure they set `errno`
+ * appropriately, do their best to roll back the lockfile, and return
+ * -1.
+ */
+
+#include "tempfile.h"
+
+struct lock_file {
+	struct tempfile tempfile;
+};
+
+/* String appended to a filename to derive the lockfile name: */
+#define LOCK_SUFFIX ".lock"
+#define LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN 5
+
+
+/*
+ * Flags
+ * -----
+ *
+ * The following flags can be passed to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * If a lock is already taken for the file, `die()` with an error
+ * message. If this flag is not specified, trying to lock a file that
+ * is already locked returns -1 to the caller.
+ */
+#define LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR 1
+
+/*
+ * Usually symbolic links in the destination path are resolved. This
+ * means that (1) the lockfile is created by adding ".lock" to the
+ * resolved path, and (2) upon commit, the resolved path is
+ * overwritten. However, if `LOCK_NO_DEREF` is set, then the lockfile
+ * is created by adding ".lock" to the path argument itself. This
+ * option is used, for example, when detaching a symbolic reference,
+ * which for backwards-compatibility reasons, can be a symbolic link
+ * containing the name of the referred-to-reference.
+ */
+#define LOCK_NO_DEREF 2
+
+/*
+ * Attempt to create a lockfile for the file at `path` and return a
+ * file descriptor for writing to it, or -1 on error. If the file is
+ * currently locked, retry with quadratic backoff for at least
+ * timeout_ms milliseconds. If timeout_ms is 0, try exactly once; if
+ * timeout_ms is -1, retry indefinitely. The flags argument and error
+ * handling are described above.
+ */
+extern int hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(
+		struct lock_file *lk, const char *path,
+		int flags, long timeout_ms);
+
+/*
+ * Attempt to create a lockfile for the file at `path` and return a
+ * file descriptor for writing to it, or -1 on error. The flags
+ * argument and error handling are described above.
+ */
+static inline int hold_lock_file_for_update(
+		struct lock_file *lk, const char *path,
+		int flags)
+{
+	return hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(lk, path, flags, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append an appropriate error message to `buf` following the failure
+ * of `hold_lock_file_for_update()` to lock `path`. `err` should be the
+ * `errno` set by the failing call.
+ */
+extern void unable_to_lock_message(const char *path, int err,
+				   struct strbuf *buf);
+
+/*
+ * Emit an appropriate error message and `die()` following the failure
+ * of `hold_lock_file_for_update()` to lock `path`. `err` should be the
+ * `errno` set by the failing
+ * call.
+ */
+extern NORETURN void unable_to_lock_die(const char *path, int err);
+
+/*
+ * Associate a stdio stream with the lockfile (which must still be
+ * open). Return `NULL` (*without* rolling back the lockfile) on
+ * error. The stream is closed automatically when `close_lock_file()`
+ * is called or when the file is committed or rolled back.
+ */
+static inline FILE *fdopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *mode)
+{
+	return fdopen_tempfile(&lk->tempfile, mode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the path of the lockfile. The return value is a pointer to a
+ * field within the lock_file object and should not be freed.
+ */
+static inline const char *get_lock_file_path(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	return get_tempfile_path(&lk->tempfile);
+}
+
+static inline int get_lock_file_fd(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	return get_tempfile_fd(&lk->tempfile);
+}
+
+static inline FILE *get_lock_file_fp(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	return get_tempfile_fp(&lk->tempfile);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the path of the file that is locked by the specified
+ * lock_file object. The caller must free the memory.
+ */
+extern char *get_locked_file_path(struct lock_file *lk);
+
+/*
+ * If the lockfile is still open, close it (and the file pointer if it
+ * has been opened using `fdopen_lock_file()`) without renaming the
+ * lockfile over the file being locked. Return 0 upon success. On
+ * failure to `close(2)`, return a negative value and roll back the
+ * lock file. Usually `commit_lock_file()`, `commit_lock_file_to()`,
+ * or `rollback_lock_file()` should eventually be called if
+ * `close_lock_file()` succeeds.
+ */
+static inline int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	return close_tempfile(&lk->tempfile);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Re-open a lockfile that has been closed using `close_lock_file()`
+ * but not yet committed or rolled back. This can be used to implement
+ * a sequence of operations like the following:
+ *
+ * * Lock file.
+ *
+ * * Write new contents to lockfile, then `close_lock_file()` to
+ *   cause the contents to be written to disk.
+ *
+ * * Pass the name of the lockfile to another program to allow it (and
+ *   nobody else) to inspect the contents you wrote, while still
+ *   holding the lock yourself.
+ *
+ * * `reopen_lock_file()` to reopen the lockfile. Make further updates
+ *   to the contents.
+ *
+ * * `commit_lock_file()` to make the final version permanent.
+ */
+static inline int reopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	return reopen_tempfile(&lk->tempfile);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Commit the change represented by `lk`: close the file descriptor
+ * and/or file pointer if they are still open and rename the lockfile
+ * to its final destination. Return 0 upon success. On failure, roll
+ * back the lock file and return -1, with `errno` set to the value
+ * from the failing call to `close(2)` or `rename(2)`. It is a bug to
+ * call `commit_lock_file()` for a `lock_file` object that is not
+ * currently locked.
+ */
+extern int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk);
+
+/*
+ * Like `commit_lock_file()`, but rename the lockfile to the provided
+ * `path`. `path` must be on the same filesystem as the lock file.
+ */
+static inline int commit_lock_file_to(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path)
+{
+	return rename_tempfile(&lk->tempfile, path);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Roll back `lk`: close the file descriptor and/or file pointer and
+ * remove the lockfile. It is a NOOP to call `rollback_lock_file()`
+ * for a `lock_file` object that has already been committed or rolled
+ * back.
+ */
+static inline void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	delete_tempfile(&lk->tempfile);
+}
+
+#endif /* LOCKFILE_H */
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
index e7694a3a4c..9f678abc92 100644
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -8,18 +8,13 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "color.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 
-struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
-
-enum decoration_type {
-	DECORATION_NONE = 0,
-	DECORATION_REF_LOCAL,
-	DECORATION_REF_REMOTE,
-	DECORATION_REF_TAG,
-	DECORATION_REF_STASH,
-	DECORATION_REF_HEAD,
-	DECORATION_GRAFTED,
-};
+static struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
+static int decoration_loaded;
+static int decoration_flags;
 
 static char decoration_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
@@ -63,15 +58,14 @@ static int parse_decorate_color_slot(const char *slot)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const int ofs, const char *value)
+int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const char *slot_name, const char *value)
 {
-	int slot = parse_decorate_color_slot(var + ofs);
+	int slot = parse_decorate_color_slot(slot_name);
 	if (slot < 0)
 		return 0;
 	if (!value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
-	color_parse(value, var, decoration_colors[slot]);
-	return 0;
+	return color_parse(value, decoration_colors[slot]);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -81,56 +75,64 @@ int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const int ofs, const char *valu
 #define decorate_get_color_opt(o, ix) \
 	decorate_get_color((o)->use_color, ix)
 
-static void add_name_decoration(enum decoration_type type, const char *name, struct object *obj)
+void add_name_decoration(enum decoration_type type, const char *name, struct object *obj)
 {
-	int nlen = strlen(name);
-	struct name_decoration *res = xmalloc(sizeof(struct name_decoration) + nlen);
-	memcpy(res->name, name, nlen + 1);
+	struct name_decoration *res;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(res, name, name);
 	res->type = type;
 	res->next = add_decoration(&name_decoration, obj, res);
 }
 
-static int add_ref_decoration(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+const struct name_decoration *get_name_decoration(const struct object *obj)
+{
+	return lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, obj);
+}
+
+static int add_ref_decoration(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
 	enum decoration_type type = DECORATION_NONE;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/replace/")) {
-		unsigned char original_sha1[20];
-		if (!read_replace_refs)
+	assert(cb_data == NULL);
+
+	if (starts_with(refname, git_replace_ref_base)) {
+		struct object_id original_oid;
+		if (!check_replace_refs)
 			return 0;
-		if (get_sha1_hex(refname + 13, original_sha1)) {
+		if (get_oid_hex(refname + strlen(git_replace_ref_base),
+				&original_oid)) {
 			warning("invalid replace ref %s", refname);
 			return 0;
 		}
-		obj = parse_object(original_sha1);
+		obj = parse_object(original_oid.hash);
 		if (obj)
 			add_name_decoration(DECORATION_GRAFTED, "replaced", obj);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	obj = parse_object(oid->hash);
 	if (!obj)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_LOCAL;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+	else if (starts_with(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_REMOTE;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/"))
+	else if (starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_TAG;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/stash"))
+	else if (!strcmp(refname, "refs/stash"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_STASH;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "HEAD"))
+	else if (!strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_HEAD;
 
-	if (!cb_data || *(int *)cb_data == DECORATE_SHORT_REFS)
-		refname = prettify_refname(refname);
 	add_name_decoration(type, refname, obj);
 	while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		obj = ((struct tag *)obj)->tagged;
 		if (!obj)
 			break;
+		if (!obj->parsed)
+			parse_object(obj->oid.hash);
 		add_name_decoration(DECORATION_REF_TAG, refname, obj);
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ static int add_ref_decoration(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, in
 
 static int add_graft_decoration(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(graft->sha1);
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(graft->oid.hash);
 	if (!commit)
 		return 0;
 	add_name_decoration(DECORATION_GRAFTED, "grafted", &commit->object);
@@ -147,11 +149,12 @@ static int add_graft_decoration(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
 
 void load_ref_decorations(int flags)
 {
-	static int loaded;
-	if (!loaded) {
-		loaded = 1;
-		for_each_ref(add_ref_decoration, &flags);
-		head_ref(add_ref_decoration, &flags);
+	if (!decoration_loaded) {
+
+		decoration_loaded = 1;
+		decoration_flags = flags;
+		for_each_ref(add_ref_decoration, NULL);
+		head_ref(add_ref_decoration, NULL);
 		for_each_commit_graft(add_graft_decoration, NULL);
 	}
 }
@@ -161,7 +164,7 @@ static void show_parents(struct commit *commit, int abbrev)
 	struct commit_list *p;
 	for (p = commit->parents; p ; p = p->next) {
 		struct commit *parent = p->item;
-		printf(" %s", find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.sha1, abbrev));
+		printf(" %s", find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.oid.hash, abbrev));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -169,123 +172,126 @@ static void show_children(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, int abbre
 {
 	struct commit_list *p = lookup_decoration(&opt->children, &commit->object);
 	for ( ; p; p = p->next) {
-		printf(" %s", find_unique_abbrev(p->item->object.sha1, abbrev));
-	}
-}
-
-void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
-{
-	const char *prefix;
-	struct name_decoration *decoration;
-	const char *color_commit =
-		diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT);
-	const char *color_reset =
-		decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DECORATION_NONE);
-
-	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
-		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
-	if (!opt->show_decorations)
-		return;
-	decoration = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
-	if (!decoration)
-		return;
-	prefix = " (";
-	while (decoration) {
-		printf("%s", prefix);
-		fputs(decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, decoration->type),
-		      stdout);
-		if (decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_TAG)
-			fputs("tag: ", stdout);
-		printf("%s", decoration->name);
-		fputs(color_reset, stdout);
-		fputs(color_commit, stdout);
-		prefix = ", ";
-		decoration = decoration->next;
+		printf(" %s", find_unique_abbrev(p->item->object.oid.hash, abbrev));
 	}
-	putchar(')');
 }
 
 /*
- * Search for "^[-A-Za-z]+: [^@]+@" pattern. It usually matches
- * Signed-off-by: and Acked-by: lines.
+ * Do we have HEAD in the output, and also the branch it points at?
+ * If so, find that decoration entry for that current branch.
  */
-static int detect_any_signoff(char *letter, int size)
+static const struct name_decoration *current_pointed_by_HEAD(const struct name_decoration *decoration)
 {
-	char *cp;
-	int seen_colon = 0;
-	int seen_at = 0;
-	int seen_name = 0;
-	int seen_head = 0;
-
-	cp = letter + size;
-	while (letter <= --cp && *cp == '\n')
-		continue;
-
-	while (letter <= cp) {
-		char ch = *cp--;
-		if (ch == '\n')
+	const struct name_decoration *list, *head = NULL;
+	const char *branch_name = NULL;
+	unsigned char unused[20];
+	int rru_flags;
+
+	/* First find HEAD */
+	for (list = decoration; list; list = list->next)
+		if (list->type == DECORATION_REF_HEAD) {
+			head = list;
 			break;
-
-		if (!seen_at) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				seen_at = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!seen_colon) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				return 0;
-			else if (ch == ':')
-				seen_colon = 1;
-			else
-				seen_name = 1;
-			continue;
 		}
-		if (('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
-		    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') ||
-		    ch == '-') {
-			seen_head = 1;
-			continue;
+	if (!head)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Now resolve and find the matching current branch */
+	branch_name = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, unused, &rru_flags);
+	if (!(rru_flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!starts_with(branch_name, "refs/"))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* OK, do we have that ref in the list? */
+	for (list = decoration; list; list = list->next)
+		if ((list->type == DECORATION_REF_LOCAL) &&
+		    !strcmp(branch_name, list->name)) {
+			return list;
 		}
-		/* no empty last line doesn't match */
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return seen_head && seen_name;
+
+	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void append_signoff(struct strbuf *sb, const char *signoff)
+static void show_name(struct strbuf *sb, const struct name_decoration *decoration)
 {
-	static const char signed_off_by[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
-	size_t signoff_len = strlen(signoff);
-	int has_signoff = 0;
-	char *cp;
+	if (decoration_flags == DECORATE_SHORT_REFS)
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, prettify_refname(decoration->name));
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, decoration->name);
+}
 
-	cp = sb->buf;
+/*
+ * The caller makes sure there is no funny color before calling.
+ * format_decorations_extended makes sure the same after return.
+ */
+void format_decorations_extended(struct strbuf *sb,
+			const struct commit *commit,
+			int use_color,
+			const char *prefix,
+			const char *separator,
+			const char *suffix)
+{
+	const struct name_decoration *decoration;
+	const struct name_decoration *current_and_HEAD;
+	const char *color_commit =
+		diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_COMMIT);
+	const char *color_reset =
+		decorate_get_color(use_color, DECORATION_NONE);
 
-	/* First see if we already have the sign-off by the signer */
-	while ((cp = strstr(cp, signed_off_by))) {
+	decoration = get_name_decoration(&commit->object);
+	if (!decoration)
+		return;
 
-		has_signoff = 1;
+	current_and_HEAD = current_pointed_by_HEAD(decoration);
+	while (decoration) {
+		/*
+		 * When both current and HEAD are there, only
+		 * show HEAD->current where HEAD would have
+		 * appeared, skipping the entry for current.
+		 */
+		if (decoration != current_and_HEAD) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, decorate_get_color(use_color, decoration->type));
+			if (decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_TAG)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, "tag: ");
+
+			show_name(sb, decoration);
+
+			if (current_and_HEAD &&
+			    decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_HEAD) {
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, " -> ");
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, decorate_get_color(use_color, current_and_HEAD->type));
+				show_name(sb, current_and_HEAD);
+			}
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
 
-		cp += strlen(signed_off_by);
-		if (cp + signoff_len >= sb->buf + sb->len)
-			break;
-		if (strncmp(cp, signoff, signoff_len))
-			continue;
-		if (!isspace(cp[signoff_len]))
-			continue;
-		/* we already have him */
-		return;
+			prefix = separator;
+		}
+		decoration = decoration->next;
 	}
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, suffix);
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
+}
 
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		has_signoff = detect_any_signoff(sb->buf, sb->len);
-
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	strbuf_addstr(sb, signed_off_by);
-	strbuf_add(sb, signoff, signoff_len);
-	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
+		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
+	if (!opt->show_decorations)
+		return;
+	format_decorations(&sb, commit, opt->diffopt.use_color);
+	fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
 static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
@@ -298,23 +304,34 @@ static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
 	return result;
 }
 
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, int nr, const char *suffix,
-			struct strbuf *buf)
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *filename,
+			const char *subject,
+			struct rev_info *info)
 {
-	int suffix_len = strlen(suffix) + 1;
-	int start_len = buf->len;
-
-	strbuf_addf(buf, commit ? "%04d-" : "%d", nr);
-	if (commit) {
-		int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len;
-		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
-		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
-
-		format_commit_message(commit, "%f", buf, &ctx);
-		if (max_len < buf->len)
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, max_len);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, suffix);
-	}
+	const char *suffix = info->patch_suffix;
+	int nr = info->nr;
+	int start_len = filename->len;
+	int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - (strlen(suffix) + 1);
+
+	if (0 < info->reroll_count)
+		strbuf_addf(filename, "v%d-", info->reroll_count);
+	strbuf_addf(filename, "%04d-%s", nr, subject);
+
+	if (max_len < filename->len)
+		strbuf_setlen(filename, max_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(filename, suffix);
+}
+
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *filename,
+		       struct commit *commit,
+		       struct rev_info *info)
+{
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	format_commit_message(commit, "%f", &subject, &ctx);
+	fmt_output_subject(filename, subject.buf, info);
+	strbuf_release(&subject);
 }
 
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
@@ -324,7 +341,8 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 {
 	const char *subject = NULL;
 	const char *extra_headers = opt->extra_headers;
-	const char *name = sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
+	const char *name = oid_to_hex(opt->zero_commit ?
+				      &null_oid : &commit->object.oid);
 
 	*need_8bit_cte_p = 0; /* unknown */
 	if (opt->total > 0) {
@@ -383,8 +401,10 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 			 mime_boundary_leader, opt->mime_boundary);
 		extra_headers = subject_buffer;
 
-		get_patch_filename(opt->numbered_files ? NULL : commit, opt->nr,
-				    opt->patch_suffix, &filename);
+		if (opt->numbered_files)
+			strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", opt->nr);
+		else
+			fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, opt);
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
 			 "\n--%s%s\n"
 			 "Content-Type: text/x-patch;"
@@ -403,6 +423,121 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 	*extra_headers_p = extra_headers;
 }
 
+static void show_sig_lines(struct rev_info *opt, int status, const char *bol)
+{
+	const char *color, *reset, *eol;
+
+	color = diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt,
+				   status ? DIFF_WHITESPACE : DIFF_FRAGINFO);
+	reset = diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET);
+	while (*bol) {
+		eol = strchrnul(bol, '\n');
+		printf("%s%.*s%s%s", color, (int)(eol - bol), bol, reset,
+		       *eol ? "\n" : "");
+		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
+		bol = (*eol) ? (eol + 1) : eol;
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_signature(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status;
+
+	if (parse_signed_commit(commit, &payload, &signature) <= 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
+				      signature.buf, signature.len,
+				      &gpg_output, NULL);
+	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
+		strbuf_addstr(&gpg_output, "No signature\n");
+
+	show_sig_lines(opt, status, gpg_output.buf);
+
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
+	strbuf_release(&payload);
+	strbuf_release(&signature);
+}
+
+static int which_parent(const unsigned char *sha1, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int nth;
+	const struct commit_list *parent;
+
+	for (nth = 0, parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next) {
+		if (!hashcmp(parent->item->object.oid.hash, sha1))
+			return nth;
+		nth++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int is_common_merge(const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	return (commit->parents
+		&& commit->parents->next
+		&& !commit->parents->next->next);
+}
+
+static void show_one_mergetag(struct commit *commit,
+			      struct commit_extra_header *extra,
+			      void *data)
+{
+	struct rev_info *opt = (struct rev_info *)data;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct tag *tag;
+	struct strbuf verify_message;
+	int status, nth;
+	size_t payload_size, gpg_message_offset;
+
+	hash_sha1_file(extra->value, extra->len, typename(OBJ_TAG), sha1);
+	tag = lookup_tag(sha1);
+	if (!tag)
+		return; /* error message already given */
+
+	strbuf_init(&verify_message, 256);
+	if (parse_tag_buffer(tag, extra->value, extra->len))
+		strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "malformed mergetag\n");
+	else if (is_common_merge(commit) &&
+		 !oidcmp(&tag->tagged->oid,
+			  &commit->parents->next->item->object.oid))
+		strbuf_addf(&verify_message,
+			    "merged tag '%s'\n", tag->tag);
+	else if ((nth = which_parent(tag->tagged->oid.hash, commit)) < 0)
+		strbuf_addf(&verify_message, "tag %s names a non-parent %s\n",
+				    tag->tag, tag->tagged->oid.hash);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(&verify_message,
+			    "parent #%d, tagged '%s'\n", nth + 1, tag->tag);
+	gpg_message_offset = verify_message.len;
+
+	payload_size = parse_signature(extra->value, extra->len);
+	status = -1;
+	if (extra->len > payload_size) {
+		/* could have a good signature */
+		if (!verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
+					  extra->value + payload_size,
+					  extra->len - payload_size,
+					  &verify_message, NULL))
+			status = 0; /* good */
+		else if (verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)
+			strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
+		/* otherwise we couldn't verify, which is shown as bad */
+	}
+
+	show_sig_lines(opt, status, verify_message.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&verify_message);
+}
+
+static void show_mergetag(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	for_each_mergetag(show_one_mergetag, commit, opt);
+}
+
 void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 {
 	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -413,13 +548,12 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 
 	opt->loginfo = NULL;
-	ctx.show_notes = opt->show_notes;
 	if (!opt->verbose_header) {
 		graph_show_commit(opt->graph);
 
 		if (!opt->graph)
 			put_revision_mark(opt, commit);
-		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, abbrev_commit), stdout);
+		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, abbrev_commit), stdout);
 		if (opt->print_parents)
 			show_parents(commit, abbrev_commit);
 		if (opt->children.name)
@@ -469,7 +603,7 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 	 * Print header line of header..
 	 */
 
-	if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
+	if (cmit_fmt_is_mail(opt->commit_format)) {
 		log_write_email_headers(opt, commit, &ctx.subject, &extra_headers,
 					&ctx.need_8bit_cte);
 	} else if (opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) {
@@ -479,7 +613,7 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 
 		if (!opt->graph)
 			put_revision_mark(opt, commit);
-		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, abbrev_commit),
+		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, abbrev_commit),
 		      stdout);
 		if (opt->print_parents)
 			show_parents(commit, abbrev_commit);
@@ -487,10 +621,10 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 			show_children(opt, commit, abbrev_commit);
 		if (parent)
 			printf(" (from %s)",
-			       find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.sha1,
+			       find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.oid.hash,
 						  abbrev_commit));
+		fputs(diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET), stdout);
 		show_decorations(opt, commit);
-		printf("%s", diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
 		if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
 			putchar(' ');
 		} else {
@@ -505,33 +639,70 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 			 * graph info here.
 			 */
 			show_reflog_message(opt->reflog_info,
-				    opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,
-				    opt->date_mode_explicit ?
-					opt->date_mode :
-					DATE_NORMAL);
+					    opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,
+					    &opt->date_mode,
+					    opt->date_mode_explicit);
 			if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
 				return;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!commit->buffer)
+	if (opt->show_signature) {
+		show_signature(opt, commit);
+		show_mergetag(opt, commit);
+	}
+
+	if (!get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, NULL))
 		return;
 
+	if (opt->show_notes) {
+		int raw;
+		struct strbuf notebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		raw = (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.oid.hash, &notebuf,
+				     get_log_output_encoding(), raw);
+		ctx.notes_message = notebuf.len
+			? strbuf_detach(&notebuf, NULL)
+			: xcalloc(1, 1);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * And then the pretty-printed message itself
 	 */
-	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0)
-		ctx.need_8bit_cte = has_non_ascii(opt->add_signoff);
+	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0 && opt->add_signoff)
+		ctx.need_8bit_cte =
+			has_non_ascii(fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+					       getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
 	ctx.date_mode = opt->date_mode;
+	ctx.date_mode_explicit = opt->date_mode_explicit;
 	ctx.abbrev = opt->diffopt.abbrev;
 	ctx.after_subject = extra_headers;
 	ctx.preserve_subject = opt->preserve_subject;
 	ctx.reflog_info = opt->reflog_info;
 	ctx.fmt = opt->commit_format;
+	ctx.mailmap = opt->mailmap;
+	ctx.color = opt->diffopt.use_color;
+	ctx.expand_tabs_in_log = opt->expand_tabs_in_log;
+	ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	if (opt->from_ident.mail_begin && opt->from_ident.name_begin)
+		ctx.from_ident = &opt->from_ident;
+	if (opt->graph)
+		ctx.graph_width = graph_width(opt->graph);
 	pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &msgbuf);
 
 	if (opt->add_signoff)
-		append_signoff(&msgbuf, opt->add_signoff);
+		append_signoff(&msgbuf, 0, APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP);
+
+	if ((ctx.fmt != CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) &&
+	    ctx.notes_message && *ctx.notes_message) {
+		if (cmit_fmt_is_mail(ctx.fmt)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "---\n");
+			opt->shown_dashes = 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ctx.notes_message);
+	}
+
 	if (opt->show_log_size) {
 		printf("log size %i\n", (int)msgbuf.len);
 		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
@@ -550,17 +721,19 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 		graph_show_commit_msg(opt->graph, &msgbuf);
 	else
 		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
-	if (opt->use_terminator) {
+	if (opt->use_terminator && !commit_format_is_empty(opt->commit_format)) {
 		if (!opt->missing_newline)
 			graph_show_padding(opt->graph);
-		putchar('\n');
+		putchar(opt->diffopt.line_termination);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+	free(ctx.notes_message);
 }
 
 int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 {
+	opt->shown_dashes = 0;
 	diffcore_std(&opt->diffopt);
 
 	if (diff_queue_is_empty()) {
@@ -572,24 +745,38 @@ int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 	}
 
 	if (opt->loginfo && !opt->no_commit_id) {
-		/* When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
-		 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
-		 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
-		 * output for readability.
-		 */
 		show_log(opt);
 		if ((opt->diffopt.output_format & ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT) &&
 		    opt->verbose_header &&
-		    opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
+		    opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE &&
+		    !commit_format_is_empty(opt->commit_format)) {
+			/*
+			 * When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
+			 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
+			 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
+			 * diff/diffstat output for readability.
+			 */
 			int pch = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-			if ((pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch)
-				printf("---");
 			if (opt->diffopt.output_prefix) {
 				struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
 				msg = opt->diffopt.output_prefix(&opt->diffopt,
 					opt->diffopt.output_prefix_data);
 				fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, stdout);
 			}
+
+			/*
+			 * We may have shown three-dashes line early
+			 * between notes and the log message, in which
+			 * case we only want a blank line after the
+			 * notes without (an extra) three-dashes line.
+			 * Otherwise, we show the three-dashes line if
+			 * we are showing the patch with diffstat, but
+			 * in that case, there is no extra blank line
+			 * after the three-dashes line.
+			 */
+			if (!opt->shown_dashes &&
+			    (pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch)
+				printf("---");
 			putchar('\n');
 		}
 	}
@@ -599,9 +786,7 @@ int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 
 static int do_diff_combined(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
-
-	diff_tree_combined_merge(sha1, opt->dense_combined_merges, opt);
+	diff_tree_combined_merge(commit, opt->dense_combined_merges, opt);
 	return !opt->loginfo;
 }
 
@@ -614,16 +799,19 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 {
 	int showed_log;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
-	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+	struct object_id *oid;
 
 	if (!opt->diff && !DIFF_OPT_TST(&opt->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
 		return 0;
 
+	parse_commit_or_die(commit);
+	oid = &commit->tree->object.oid;
+
 	/* Root commit? */
-	parents = commit->parents;
+	parents = get_saved_parents(opt, commit);
 	if (!parents) {
 		if (opt->show_root_diff) {
-			diff_root_tree_sha1(sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+			diff_root_tree_sha1(oid->hash, "", &opt->diffopt);
 			log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 		}
 		return !opt->loginfo;
@@ -641,7 +829,9 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 			 * parent, showing summary diff of the others
 			 * we merged _in_.
 			 */
-			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+			parse_commit_or_die(parents->item);
+			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->tree->object.oid.hash,
+				       oid->hash, "", &opt->diffopt);
 			log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 			return !opt->loginfo;
 		}
@@ -654,7 +844,9 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 	for (;;) {
 		struct commit *parent = parents->item;
 
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+		parse_commit_or_die(parent);
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.oid.hash,
+			       oid->hash, "", &opt->diffopt);
 		log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 
 		showed_log |= !opt->loginfo;
@@ -678,12 +870,19 @@ int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 	log.parent = NULL;
 	opt->loginfo = &log;
 
+	if (opt->line_level_traverse)
+		return line_log_print(opt, commit);
+
+	if (opt->track_linear && !opt->linear && !opt->reverse_output_stage)
+		printf("\n%s\n", opt->break_bar);
 	shown = log_tree_diff(opt, commit, &log);
 	if (!shown && opt->loginfo && opt->always_show_header) {
 		log.parent = NULL;
 		show_log(opt);
 		shown = 1;
 	}
+	if (opt->track_linear && !opt->linear && opt->reverse_output_stage)
+		printf("\n%s\n", opt->break_bar);
 	opt->loginfo = NULL;
 	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
 	return shown;
diff --git a/log-tree.h b/log-tree.h
index 5c4cf7cac3..c8116e60cd 100644
--- a/log-tree.h
+++ b/log-tree.h
@@ -7,12 +7,19 @@ struct log_info {
 	struct commit *commit, *parent;
 };
 
-int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const int ofs, const char *value);
+int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const char *slot_name, const char *value);
 void init_log_tree_opt(struct rev_info *);
 int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *);
 int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *, struct commit *);
 int log_tree_opt_parse(struct rev_info *, const char **, int);
 void show_log(struct rev_info *opt);
+void format_decorations_extended(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit,
+			     int use_color,
+			     const char *prefix,
+			     const char *separator,
+			     const char *suffix);
+#define format_decorations(strbuf, commit, color) \
+			     format_decorations_extended((strbuf), (commit), (color), " (", ", ", ")")
 void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit);
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 			     const char **subject_p,
@@ -21,7 +28,7 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 void load_ref_decorations(int flags);
 
 #define FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX 64
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, int nr, const char *suffix,
-			struct strbuf *buf);
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *, struct commit *, struct rev_info *);
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *, const char *subject, struct rev_info *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/mailinfo.c b/mailinfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f19ca1080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mailinfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1037 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "mailinfo.h"
+
+static void cleanup_space(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	size_t pos, cnt;
+	for (pos = 0; pos < sb->len; pos++) {
+		if (isspace(sb->buf[pos])) {
+			sb->buf[pos] = ' ';
+			for (cnt = 0; isspace(sb->buf[pos + cnt + 1]); cnt++);
+			strbuf_remove(sb, pos + 1, cnt);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void get_sane_name(struct strbuf *out, struct strbuf *name, struct strbuf *email)
+{
+	struct strbuf *src = name;
+	if (name->len < 3 || 60 < name->len || strchr(name->buf, '@') ||
+		strchr(name->buf, '<') || strchr(name->buf, '>'))
+		src = email;
+	else if (name == out)
+		return;
+	strbuf_reset(out);
+	strbuf_addbuf(out, src);
+}
+
+static void parse_bogus_from(struct mailinfo *mi, const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	/* John Doe <johndoe> */
+
+	char *bra, *ket;
+	/* This is fallback, so do not bother if we already have an
+	 * e-mail address.
+	 */
+	if (mi->email.len)
+		return;
+
+	bra = strchr(line->buf, '<');
+	if (!bra)
+		return;
+	ket = strchr(bra, '>');
+	if (!ket)
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&mi->email);
+	strbuf_add(&mi->email, bra + 1, ket - bra - 1);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&mi->name);
+	strbuf_add(&mi->name, line->buf, bra - line->buf);
+	strbuf_trim(&mi->name);
+	get_sane_name(&mi->name, &mi->name, &mi->email);
+}
+
+static void handle_from(struct mailinfo *mi, const struct strbuf *from)
+{
+	char *at;
+	size_t el;
+	struct strbuf f;
+
+	strbuf_init(&f, from->len);
+	strbuf_addbuf(&f, from);
+
+	at = strchr(f.buf, '@');
+	if (!at) {
+		parse_bogus_from(mi, from);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we already have one email, don't take any confusing lines
+	 */
+	if (mi->email.len && strchr(at + 1, '@')) {
+		strbuf_release(&f);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Pick up the string around '@', possibly delimited with <>
+	 * pair; that is the email part.
+	 */
+	while (at > f.buf) {
+		char c = at[-1];
+		if (isspace(c))
+			break;
+		if (c == '<') {
+			at[-1] = ' ';
+			break;
+		}
+		at--;
+	}
+	el = strcspn(at, " \n\t\r\v\f>");
+	strbuf_reset(&mi->email);
+	strbuf_add(&mi->email, at, el);
+	strbuf_remove(&f, at - f.buf, el + (at[el] ? 1 : 0));
+
+	/* The remainder is name.  It could be
+	 *
+	 * - "John Doe <john.doe@xz>"			(a), or
+	 * - "john.doe@xz (John Doe)"			(b), or
+	 * - "John (zzz) Doe <john.doe@xz> (Comment)"	(c)
+	 *
+	 * but we have removed the email part, so
+	 *
+	 * - remove extra spaces which could stay after email (case 'c'), and
+	 * - trim from both ends, possibly removing the () pair at the end
+	 *   (cases 'a' and 'b').
+	 */
+	cleanup_space(&f);
+	strbuf_trim(&f);
+	if (f.buf[0] == '(' && f.len && f.buf[f.len - 1] == ')') {
+		strbuf_remove(&f, 0, 1);
+		strbuf_setlen(&f, f.len - 1);
+	}
+
+	get_sane_name(&mi->name, &f, &mi->email);
+	strbuf_release(&f);
+}
+
+static void handle_header(struct strbuf **out, const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	if (!*out) {
+		*out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+		strbuf_init(*out, line->len);
+	} else
+		strbuf_reset(*out);
+
+	strbuf_addbuf(*out, line);
+}
+
+/* NOTE NOTE NOTE.  We do not claim we do full MIME.  We just attempt
+ * to have enough heuristics to grok MIME encoded patches often found
+ * on our mailing lists.  For example, we do not even treat header lines
+ * case insensitively.
+ */
+
+static int slurp_attr(const char *line, const char *name, struct strbuf *attr)
+{
+	const char *ends, *ap = strcasestr(line, name);
+	size_t sz;
+
+	strbuf_setlen(attr, 0);
+	if (!ap)
+		return 0;
+	ap += strlen(name);
+	if (*ap == '"') {
+		ap++;
+		ends = "\"";
+	}
+	else
+		ends = "; \t";
+	sz = strcspn(ap, ends);
+	strbuf_add(attr, ap, sz);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void handle_content_type(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	struct strbuf *boundary = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+	strbuf_init(boundary, line->len);
+
+	if (slurp_attr(line->buf, "boundary=", boundary)) {
+		strbuf_insert(boundary, 0, "--", 2);
+		if (++mi->content_top >= &mi->content[MAX_BOUNDARIES]) {
+			error("Too many boundaries to handle");
+			mi->input_error = -1;
+			mi->content_top = &mi->content[MAX_BOUNDARIES] - 1;
+			return;
+		}
+		*(mi->content_top) = boundary;
+		boundary = NULL;
+	}
+	slurp_attr(line->buf, "charset=", &mi->charset);
+
+	if (boundary) {
+		strbuf_release(boundary);
+		free(boundary);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_message_id(struct mailinfo *mi, const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	if (mi->add_message_id)
+		mi->message_id = strdup(line->buf);
+}
+
+static void handle_content_transfer_encoding(struct mailinfo *mi,
+					     const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	if (strcasestr(line->buf, "base64"))
+		mi->transfer_encoding = TE_BASE64;
+	else if (strcasestr(line->buf, "quoted-printable"))
+		mi->transfer_encoding = TE_QP;
+	else
+		mi->transfer_encoding = TE_DONTCARE;
+}
+
+static int is_multipart_boundary(struct mailinfo *mi, const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	struct strbuf *content_top = *(mi->content_top);
+
+	return ((content_top->len <= line->len) &&
+		!memcmp(line->buf, content_top->buf, content_top->len));
+}
+
+static void cleanup_subject(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *subject)
+{
+	size_t at = 0;
+
+	while (at < subject->len) {
+		char *pos;
+		size_t remove;
+
+		switch (subject->buf[at]) {
+		case 'r': case 'R':
+			if (subject->len <= at + 3)
+				break;
+			if ((subject->buf[at + 1] == 'e' ||
+			     subject->buf[at + 1] == 'E') &&
+			    subject->buf[at + 2] == ':') {
+				strbuf_remove(subject, at, 3);
+				continue;
+			}
+			at++;
+			break;
+		case ' ': case '\t': case ':':
+			strbuf_remove(subject, at, 1);
+			continue;
+		case '[':
+			pos = strchr(subject->buf + at, ']');
+			if (!pos)
+				break;
+			remove = pos - subject->buf + at + 1;
+			if (!mi->keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject ||
+			    (7 <= remove &&
+			     memmem(subject->buf + at, remove, "PATCH", 5)))
+				strbuf_remove(subject, at, remove);
+			else {
+				at += remove;
+				/*
+				 * If the input had a space after the ], keep
+				 * it.  We don't bother with finding the end of
+				 * the space, since we later normalize it
+				 * anyway.
+				 */
+				if (isspace(subject->buf[at]))
+					at += 1;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	strbuf_trim(subject);
+}
+
+#define MAX_HDR_PARSED 10
+static const char *header[MAX_HDR_PARSED] = {
+	"From","Subject","Date",
+};
+
+static inline int cmp_header(const struct strbuf *line, const char *hdr)
+{
+	int len = strlen(hdr);
+	return !strncasecmp(line->buf, hdr, len) && line->len > len &&
+			line->buf[len] == ':' && isspace(line->buf[len + 1]);
+}
+
+static int is_format_patch_separator(const char *line, int len)
+{
+	static const char SAMPLE[] =
+		"From e6807f3efca28b30decfecb1732a56c7db1137ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001\n";
+	const char *cp;
+
+	if (len != strlen(SAMPLE))
+		return 0;
+	if (!skip_prefix(line, "From ", &cp))
+		return 0;
+	if (strspn(cp, "0123456789abcdef") != 40)
+		return 0;
+	cp += 40;
+	return !memcmp(SAMPLE + (cp - line), cp, strlen(SAMPLE) - (cp - line));
+}
+
+static struct strbuf *decode_q_segment(const struct strbuf *q_seg, int rfc2047)
+{
+	const char *in = q_seg->buf;
+	int c;
+	struct strbuf *out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+	strbuf_init(out, q_seg->len);
+
+	while ((c = *in++) != 0) {
+		if (c == '=') {
+			int d = *in++;
+			if (d == '\n' || !d)
+				break; /* drop trailing newline */
+			strbuf_addch(out, (hexval(d) << 4) | hexval(*in++));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (rfc2047 && c == '_') /* rfc2047 4.2 (2) */
+			c = 0x20;
+		strbuf_addch(out, c);
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+static struct strbuf *decode_b_segment(const struct strbuf *b_seg)
+{
+	/* Decode in..ep, possibly in-place to ot */
+	int c, pos = 0, acc = 0;
+	const char *in = b_seg->buf;
+	struct strbuf *out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+	strbuf_init(out, b_seg->len);
+
+	while ((c = *in++) != 0) {
+		if (c == '+')
+			c = 62;
+		else if (c == '/')
+			c = 63;
+		else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
+			c -= 'A';
+		else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
+			c -= 'a' - 26;
+		else if ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
+			c -= '0' - 52;
+		else
+			continue; /* garbage */
+		switch (pos++) {
+		case 0:
+			acc = (c << 2);
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | (c >> 4)));
+			acc = (c & 15) << 4;
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | (c >> 2)));
+			acc = (c & 3) << 6;
+			break;
+		case 3:
+			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | c));
+			acc = pos = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+static int convert_to_utf8(struct mailinfo *mi,
+			   struct strbuf *line, const char *charset)
+{
+	char *out;
+
+	if (!mi->metainfo_charset || !charset || !*charset)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (same_encoding(mi->metainfo_charset, charset))
+		return 0;
+	out = reencode_string(line->buf, mi->metainfo_charset, charset);
+	if (!out) {
+		mi->input_error = -1;
+		return error("cannot convert from %s to %s",
+			     charset, mi->metainfo_charset);
+	}
+	strbuf_attach(line, out, strlen(out), strlen(out));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void decode_header(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *it)
+{
+	char *in, *ep, *cp;
+	struct strbuf outbuf = STRBUF_INIT, *dec;
+	struct strbuf charset_q = STRBUF_INIT, piecebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int found_error = 1; /* pessimism */
+
+	in = it->buf;
+	while (in - it->buf <= it->len && (ep = strstr(in, "=?")) != NULL) {
+		int encoding;
+		strbuf_reset(&charset_q);
+		strbuf_reset(&piecebuf);
+
+		if (in != ep) {
+			/*
+			 * We are about to process an encoded-word
+			 * that begins at ep, but there is something
+			 * before the encoded word.
+			 */
+			char *scan;
+			for (scan = in; scan < ep; scan++)
+				if (!isspace(*scan))
+					break;
+
+			if (scan != ep || in == it->buf) {
+				/*
+				 * We should not lose that "something",
+				 * unless we have just processed an
+				 * encoded-word, and there is only LWS
+				 * before the one we are about to process.
+				 */
+				strbuf_add(&outbuf, in, ep - in);
+			}
+		}
+		/* E.g.
+		 * ep : "=?iso-2022-jp?B?GyR...?= foo"
+		 * ep : "=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Foo=FCbar?= baz"
+		 */
+		ep += 2;
+
+		if (ep - it->buf >= it->len || !(cp = strchr(ep, '?')))
+			goto release_return;
+
+		if (cp + 3 - it->buf > it->len)
+			goto release_return;
+		strbuf_add(&charset_q, ep, cp - ep);
+
+		encoding = cp[1];
+		if (!encoding || cp[2] != '?')
+			goto release_return;
+		ep = strstr(cp + 3, "?=");
+		if (!ep)
+			goto release_return;
+		strbuf_add(&piecebuf, cp + 3, ep - cp - 3);
+		switch (tolower(encoding)) {
+		default:
+			goto release_return;
+		case 'b':
+			dec = decode_b_segment(&piecebuf);
+			break;
+		case 'q':
+			dec = decode_q_segment(&piecebuf, 1);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (convert_to_utf8(mi, dec, charset_q.buf))
+			goto release_return;
+
+		strbuf_addbuf(&outbuf, dec);
+		strbuf_release(dec);
+		free(dec);
+		in = ep + 2;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&outbuf, in);
+	strbuf_reset(it);
+	strbuf_addbuf(it, &outbuf);
+	found_error = 0;
+release_return:
+	strbuf_release(&outbuf);
+	strbuf_release(&charset_q);
+	strbuf_release(&piecebuf);
+
+	if (found_error)
+		mi->input_error = -1;
+}
+
+static int check_header(struct mailinfo *mi,
+			const struct strbuf *line,
+			struct strbuf *hdr_data[], int overwrite)
+{
+	int i, ret = 0, len;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* search for the interesting parts */
+	for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+		int len = strlen(header[i]);
+		if ((!hdr_data[i] || overwrite) && cmp_header(line, header[i])) {
+			/* Unwrap inline B and Q encoding, and optionally
+			 * normalize the meta information to utf8.
+			 */
+			strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len + 2, line->len - len - 2);
+			decode_header(mi, &sb);
+			handle_header(&hdr_data[i], &sb);
+			ret = 1;
+			goto check_header_out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Content stuff */
+	if (cmp_header(line, "Content-Type")) {
+		len = strlen("Content-Type: ");
+		strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len, line->len - len);
+		decode_header(mi, &sb);
+		strbuf_insert(&sb, 0, "Content-Type: ", len);
+		handle_content_type(mi, &sb);
+		ret = 1;
+		goto check_header_out;
+	}
+	if (cmp_header(line, "Content-Transfer-Encoding")) {
+		len = strlen("Content-Transfer-Encoding: ");
+		strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len, line->len - len);
+		decode_header(mi, &sb);
+		handle_content_transfer_encoding(mi, &sb);
+		ret = 1;
+		goto check_header_out;
+	}
+	if (cmp_header(line, "Message-Id")) {
+		len = strlen("Message-Id: ");
+		strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len, line->len - len);
+		decode_header(mi, &sb);
+		handle_message_id(mi, &sb);
+		ret = 1;
+		goto check_header_out;
+	}
+
+	/* for inbody stuff */
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, ">From") && isspace(line->buf[5])) {
+		ret = is_format_patch_separator(line->buf + 1, line->len - 1);
+		goto check_header_out;
+	}
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "[PATCH]") && isspace(line->buf[7])) {
+		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+			if (!strcmp("Subject", header[i])) {
+				handle_header(&hdr_data[i], line);
+				ret = 1;
+				goto check_header_out;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+check_header_out:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void decode_transfer_encoding(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	struct strbuf *ret;
+
+	switch (mi->transfer_encoding) {
+	case TE_QP:
+		ret = decode_q_segment(line, 0);
+		break;
+	case TE_BASE64:
+		ret = decode_b_segment(line);
+		break;
+	case TE_DONTCARE:
+	default:
+		return;
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(line);
+	strbuf_addbuf(line, ret);
+	strbuf_release(ret);
+	free(ret);
+}
+
+static inline int patchbreak(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	/* Beginning of a "diff -" header? */
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "diff -"))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* CVS "Index: " line? */
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "Index: "))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * "--- <filename>" starts patches without headers
+	 * "---<sp>*" is a manual separator
+	 */
+	if (line->len < 4)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "---")) {
+		/* space followed by a filename? */
+		if (line->buf[3] == ' ' && !isspace(line->buf[4]))
+			return 1;
+		/* Just whitespace? */
+		for (i = 3; i < line->len; i++) {
+			unsigned char c = line->buf[i];
+			if (c == '\n')
+				return 1;
+			if (!isspace(c))
+				break;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_scissors_line(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	size_t i, len = line->len;
+	int scissors = 0, gap = 0;
+	int first_nonblank = -1;
+	int last_nonblank = 0, visible, perforation = 0, in_perforation = 0;
+	const char *buf = line->buf;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (isspace(buf[i])) {
+			if (in_perforation) {
+				perforation++;
+				gap++;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		last_nonblank = i;
+		if (first_nonblank < 0)
+			first_nonblank = i;
+		if (buf[i] == '-') {
+			in_perforation = 1;
+			perforation++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (i + 1 < len &&
+		    (!memcmp(buf + i, ">8", 2) || !memcmp(buf + i, "8<", 2) ||
+		     !memcmp(buf + i, ">%", 2) || !memcmp(buf + i, "%<", 2))) {
+			in_perforation = 1;
+			perforation += 2;
+			scissors += 2;
+			i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		in_perforation = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The mark must be at least 8 bytes long (e.g. "-- >8 --").
+	 * Even though there can be arbitrary cruft on the same line
+	 * (e.g. "cut here"), in order to avoid misidentification, the
+	 * perforation must occupy more than a third of the visible
+	 * width of the line, and dashes and scissors must occupy more
+	 * than half of the perforation.
+	 */
+
+	visible = last_nonblank - first_nonblank + 1;
+	return (scissors && 8 <= visible &&
+		visible < perforation * 3 &&
+		gap * 2 < perforation);
+}
+
+static int handle_commit_msg(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	assert(!mi->filter_stage);
+
+	if (mi->header_stage) {
+		if (!line->len || (line->len == 1 && line->buf[0] == '\n'))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (mi->use_inbody_headers && mi->header_stage) {
+		mi->header_stage = check_header(mi, line, mi->s_hdr_data, 0);
+		if (mi->header_stage)
+			return 0;
+	} else
+		/* Only trim the first (blank) line of the commit message
+		 * when ignoring in-body headers.
+		 */
+		mi->header_stage = 0;
+
+	/* normalize the log message to UTF-8. */
+	if (convert_to_utf8(mi, line, mi->charset.buf))
+		return 0; /* mi->input_error already set */
+
+	if (mi->use_scissors && is_scissors_line(line)) {
+		int i;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(&mi->log_message, 0);
+		mi->header_stage = 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * We may have already read "secondary headers"; purge
+		 * them to give ourselves a clean restart.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+			if (mi->s_hdr_data[i])
+				strbuf_release(mi->s_hdr_data[i]);
+			mi->s_hdr_data[i] = NULL;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (patchbreak(line)) {
+		if (mi->message_id)
+			strbuf_addf(&mi->log_message,
+				    "Message-Id: %s\n", mi->message_id);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addbuf(&mi->log_message, line);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void handle_patch(struct mailinfo *mi, const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	fwrite(line->buf, 1, line->len, mi->patchfile);
+	mi->patch_lines++;
+}
+
+static void handle_filter(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	switch (mi->filter_stage) {
+	case 0:
+		if (!handle_commit_msg(mi, line))
+			break;
+		mi->filter_stage++;
+	case 1:
+		handle_patch(mi, line);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int is_rfc2822_header(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The section that defines the loosest possible
+	 * field name is "3.6.8 Optional fields".
+	 *
+	 * optional-field = field-name ":" unstructured CRLF
+	 * field-name = 1*ftext
+	 * ftext = %d33-57 / %59-126
+	 */
+	int ch;
+	char *cp = line->buf;
+
+	/* Count mbox From headers as headers */
+	if (starts_with(cp, "From ") || starts_with(cp, ">From "))
+		return 1;
+
+	while ((ch = *cp++)) {
+		if (ch == ':')
+			return 1;
+		if ((33 <= ch && ch <= 57) ||
+		    (59 <= ch && ch <= 126))
+			continue;
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_one_header_line(struct strbuf *line, FILE *in)
+{
+	struct strbuf continuation = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Get the first part of the line. */
+	if (strbuf_getline_lf(line, in))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Is it an empty line or not a valid rfc2822 header?
+	 * If so, stop here, and return false ("not a header")
+	 */
+	strbuf_rtrim(line);
+	if (!line->len || !is_rfc2822_header(line)) {
+		/* Re-add the newline */
+		strbuf_addch(line, '\n');
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now we need to eat all the continuation lines..
+	 * Yuck, 2822 header "folding"
+	 */
+	for (;;) {
+		int peek;
+
+		peek = fgetc(in); ungetc(peek, in);
+		if (peek != ' ' && peek != '\t')
+			break;
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(&continuation, in))
+			break;
+		continuation.buf[0] = ' ';
+		strbuf_rtrim(&continuation);
+		strbuf_addbuf(line, &continuation);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&continuation);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int find_boundary(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	while (!strbuf_getline_lf(line, mi->input)) {
+		if (*(mi->content_top) && is_multipart_boundary(mi, line))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_boundary(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	struct strbuf newline = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addch(&newline, '\n');
+again:
+	if (line->len >= (*(mi->content_top))->len + 2 &&
+	    !memcmp(line->buf + (*(mi->content_top))->len, "--", 2)) {
+		/* we hit an end boundary */
+		/* pop the current boundary off the stack */
+		strbuf_release(*(mi->content_top));
+		free(*(mi->content_top));
+		*(mi->content_top) = NULL;
+
+		/* technically won't happen as is_multipart_boundary()
+		   will fail first.  But just in case..
+		 */
+		if (--mi->content_top < mi->content) {
+			error("Detected mismatched boundaries, can't recover");
+			mi->input_error = -1;
+			mi->content_top = mi->content;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		handle_filter(mi, &newline);
+		strbuf_release(&newline);
+		if (mi->input_error)
+			return 0;
+
+		/* skip to the next boundary */
+		if (!find_boundary(mi, line))
+			return 0;
+		goto again;
+	}
+
+	/* set some defaults */
+	mi->transfer_encoding = TE_DONTCARE;
+	strbuf_reset(&mi->charset);
+
+	/* slurp in this section's info */
+	while (read_one_header_line(line, mi->input))
+		check_header(mi, line, mi->p_hdr_data, 0);
+
+	strbuf_release(&newline);
+	/* replenish line */
+	if (strbuf_getline_lf(line, mi->input))
+		return 0;
+	strbuf_addch(line, '\n');
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void handle_body(struct mailinfo *mi, struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	struct strbuf prev = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Skip up to the first boundary */
+	if (*(mi->content_top)) {
+		if (!find_boundary(mi, line))
+			goto handle_body_out;
+	}
+
+	do {
+		/* process any boundary lines */
+		if (*(mi->content_top) && is_multipart_boundary(mi, line)) {
+			/* flush any leftover */
+			if (prev.len) {
+				handle_filter(mi, &prev);
+				strbuf_reset(&prev);
+			}
+			if (!handle_boundary(mi, line))
+				goto handle_body_out;
+		}
+
+		/* Unwrap transfer encoding */
+		decode_transfer_encoding(mi, line);
+
+		switch (mi->transfer_encoding) {
+		case TE_BASE64:
+		case TE_QP:
+		{
+			struct strbuf **lines, **it, *sb;
+
+			/* Prepend any previous partial lines */
+			strbuf_insert(line, 0, prev.buf, prev.len);
+			strbuf_reset(&prev);
+
+			/*
+			 * This is a decoded line that may contain
+			 * multiple new lines.  Pass only one chunk
+			 * at a time to handle_filter()
+			 */
+			lines = strbuf_split(line, '\n');
+			for (it = lines; (sb = *it); it++) {
+				if (*(it + 1) == NULL) /* The last line */
+					if (sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n') {
+						/* Partial line, save it for later. */
+						strbuf_addbuf(&prev, sb);
+						break;
+					}
+				handle_filter(mi, sb);
+			}
+			/*
+			 * The partial chunk is saved in "prev" and will be
+			 * appended by the next iteration of read_line_with_nul().
+			 */
+			strbuf_list_free(lines);
+			break;
+		}
+		default:
+			handle_filter(mi, line);
+		}
+
+		if (mi->input_error)
+			break;
+	} while (!strbuf_getwholeline(line, mi->input, '\n'));
+
+handle_body_out:
+	strbuf_release(&prev);
+}
+
+static void output_header_lines(FILE *fout, const char *hdr, const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	const char *sp = data->buf;
+	while (1) {
+		char *ep = strchr(sp, '\n');
+		int len;
+		if (!ep)
+			len = strlen(sp);
+		else
+			len = ep - sp;
+		fprintf(fout, "%s: %.*s\n", hdr, len, sp);
+		if (!ep)
+			break;
+		sp = ep + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_info(struct mailinfo *mi)
+{
+	struct strbuf *hdr;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+		/* only print inbody headers if we output a patch file */
+		if (mi->patch_lines && mi->s_hdr_data[i])
+			hdr = mi->s_hdr_data[i];
+		else if (mi->p_hdr_data[i])
+			hdr = mi->p_hdr_data[i];
+		else
+			continue;
+
+		if (!strcmp(header[i], "Subject")) {
+			if (!mi->keep_subject) {
+				cleanup_subject(mi, hdr);
+				cleanup_space(hdr);
+			}
+			output_header_lines(mi->output, "Subject", hdr);
+		} else if (!strcmp(header[i], "From")) {
+			cleanup_space(hdr);
+			handle_from(mi, hdr);
+			fprintf(mi->output, "Author: %s\n", mi->name.buf);
+			fprintf(mi->output, "Email: %s\n", mi->email.buf);
+		} else {
+			cleanup_space(hdr);
+			fprintf(mi->output, "%s: %s\n", header[i], hdr->buf);
+		}
+	}
+	fprintf(mi->output, "\n");
+}
+
+int mailinfo(struct mailinfo *mi, const char *msg, const char *patch)
+{
+	FILE *cmitmsg;
+	int peek;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	cmitmsg = fopen(msg, "w");
+	if (!cmitmsg) {
+		perror(msg);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	mi->patchfile = fopen(patch, "w");
+	if (!mi->patchfile) {
+		perror(patch);
+		fclose(cmitmsg);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	mi->p_hdr_data = xcalloc(MAX_HDR_PARSED, sizeof(*(mi->p_hdr_data)));
+	mi->s_hdr_data = xcalloc(MAX_HDR_PARSED, sizeof(*(mi->s_hdr_data)));
+
+	do {
+		peek = fgetc(mi->input);
+	} while (isspace(peek));
+	ungetc(peek, mi->input);
+
+	/* process the email header */
+	while (read_one_header_line(&line, mi->input))
+		check_header(mi, &line, mi->p_hdr_data, 1);
+
+	handle_body(mi, &line);
+	fwrite(mi->log_message.buf, 1, mi->log_message.len, cmitmsg);
+	fclose(cmitmsg);
+	fclose(mi->patchfile);
+
+	handle_info(mi);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+	return mi->input_error;
+}
+
+static int git_mailinfo_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *mi_)
+{
+	struct mailinfo *mi = mi_;
+
+	if (!starts_with(var, "mailinfo."))
+		return git_default_config(var, value, NULL);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "mailinfo.scissors")) {
+		mi->use_scissors = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* perhaps others here */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void setup_mailinfo(struct mailinfo *mi)
+{
+	memset(mi, 0, sizeof(*mi));
+	strbuf_init(&mi->name, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&mi->email, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&mi->charset, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&mi->log_message, 0);
+	mi->header_stage = 1;
+	mi->use_inbody_headers = 1;
+	mi->content_top = mi->content;
+	git_config(git_mailinfo_config, mi);
+}
+
+void clear_mailinfo(struct mailinfo *mi)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	strbuf_release(&mi->name);
+	strbuf_release(&mi->email);
+	strbuf_release(&mi->charset);
+	free(mi->message_id);
+
+	for (i = 0; mi->p_hdr_data[i]; i++)
+		strbuf_release(mi->p_hdr_data[i]);
+	free(mi->p_hdr_data);
+	for (i = 0; mi->s_hdr_data[i]; i++)
+		strbuf_release(mi->s_hdr_data[i]);
+	free(mi->s_hdr_data);
+
+	while (mi->content < mi->content_top) {
+		free(*(mi->content_top));
+		mi->content_top--;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&mi->log_message);
+}
diff --git a/mailinfo.h b/mailinfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93776a7e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mailinfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifndef MAILINFO_H
+#define MAILINFO_H
+
+#define MAX_BOUNDARIES 5
+
+struct mailinfo {
+	FILE *input;
+	FILE *output;
+	FILE *patchfile;
+
+	struct strbuf name;
+	struct strbuf email;
+	int keep_subject;
+	int keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject;
+	int add_message_id;
+	int use_scissors;
+	int use_inbody_headers;
+	const char *metainfo_charset;
+
+	struct strbuf *content[MAX_BOUNDARIES];
+	struct strbuf **content_top;
+	struct strbuf charset;
+	char *message_id;
+	enum  {
+		TE_DONTCARE, TE_QP, TE_BASE64
+	} transfer_encoding;
+	int patch_lines;
+	int filter_stage; /* still reading log or are we copying patch? */
+	int header_stage; /* still checking in-body headers? */
+	struct strbuf **p_hdr_data;
+	struct strbuf **s_hdr_data;
+
+	struct strbuf log_message;
+	int input_error;
+};
+
+extern void setup_mailinfo(struct mailinfo *);
+extern int mailinfo(struct mailinfo *, const char *msg, const char *patch);
+extern void clear_mailinfo(struct mailinfo *);
+
+#endif /* MAILINFO_H */
diff --git a/mailmap.c b/mailmap.c
index 8c3196c7d7..b5c521fdea 100644
--- a/mailmap.c
+++ b/mailmap.c
@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@
 #define DEBUG_MAILMAP 0
 #if DEBUG_MAILMAP
 #define debug_mm(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define debug_str(X) ((X) ? (X) : "(none)")
 #else
 static inline void debug_mm(const char *format, ...) {}
+static inline const char *debug_str(const char *s) { return s; }
 #endif
 
 const char *git_mailmap_file;
+const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 struct mailmap_info {
 	char *name;
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ struct mailmap_entry {
 static void free_mailmap_info(void *p, const char *s)
 {
 	struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)p;
-	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n", s, mi->name, mi->email);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 s, debug_str(mi->name), debug_str(mi->email));
 	free(mi->name);
 	free(mi->email);
 }
@@ -36,8 +40,11 @@ static void free_mailmap_info(void *p, const char *s)
 static void free_mailmap_entry(void *p, const char *s)
 {
 	struct mailmap_entry *me = (struct mailmap_entry *)p;
-	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n", s, me->namemap.nr);
-	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n", me->name, me->email);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n",
+		 s, me->namemap.nr);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 debug_str(me->name), debug_str(me->email));
+
 	free(me->name);
 	free(me->email);
 
@@ -45,38 +52,45 @@ static void free_mailmap_entry(void *p, const char *s)
 	string_list_clear_func(&me->namemap, free_mailmap_info);
 }
 
+/*
+ * On some systems (e.g. MinGW 4.0), string.h has _only_ inline
+ * definition of strcasecmp and no non-inline implementation is
+ * supplied anywhere, which is, eh, "unusual"; we cannot take an
+ * address of such a function to store it in namemap.cmp.  This is
+ * here as a workaround---do not assign strcasecmp directly to
+ * namemap.cmp until we know no systems that matter have such an
+ * "unusual" string.h.
+ */
+static int namemap_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	return strcasecmp(a, b);
+}
+
 static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
-			char *new_name, char *new_email, char *old_name, char *old_email)
+			char *new_name, char *new_email,
+			char *old_name, char *old_email)
 {
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
-	int index;
-	char *p;
-
-	if (old_email)
-		for (p = old_email; *p; p++)
-			*p = tolower(*p);
-	if (new_email)
-		for (p = new_email; *p; p++)
-			*p = tolower(*p);
+	struct string_list_item *item;
 
 	if (old_email == NULL) {
 		old_email = new_email;
 		new_email = NULL;
 	}
 
-	if ((index = string_list_find_insert_index(map, old_email, 1)) < 0) {
-		/* mailmap entry exists, invert index value */
-		index = -1 - index;
+	item = string_list_insert(map, old_email);
+	if (item->util) {
+		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)item->util;
 	} else {
-		/* create mailmap entry */
-		struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert_at_index(map, index, old_email);
-		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
-		((struct mailmap_entry *)item->util)->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+		me = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
+		me->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+		me->namemap.cmp = namemap_cmp;
+		item->util = me;
 	}
-	me = (struct mailmap_entry *)map->items[index].util;
 
 	if (old_name == NULL) {
-		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for '%s'\n", old_email);
+
 		/* Replace current name and new email for simple entry */
 		if (new_name) {
 			free(me->name);
@@ -88,7 +102,7 @@ static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
 		}
 	} else {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_info));
-		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for '%s'\n", old_email);
 		if (new_name)
 			mi->name = xstrdup(new_name);
 		if (new_email)
@@ -97,11 +111,12 @@ static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
 	}
 
 	debug_mm("mailmap:  '%s' <%s> -> '%s' <%s>\n",
-		 old_name, old_email, new_name, new_email);
+		 debug_str(old_name), old_email,
+		 debug_str(new_name), debug_str(new_email));
 }
 
 static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
-		char **email, int allow_empty_email)
+				  char **email, int allow_empty_email)
 {
 	char *left, *right, *nstart, *nend;
 	*name = *email = NULL;
@@ -118,10 +133,10 @@ static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
 	while (isspace(*nstart) && nstart < left)
 		++nstart;
 	nend = left-1;
-	while (isspace(*nend) && nend > nstart)
+	while (nend > nstart && isspace(*nend))
 		--nend;
 
-	*name = (nstart < nend ? nstart : NULL);
+	*name = (nstart <= nend ? nstart : NULL);
 	*email = left+1;
 	*(nend+1) = '\0';
 	*right++ = '\0';
@@ -129,54 +144,115 @@ static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
 	return (*right == '\0' ? NULL : right);
 }
 
-static int read_single_mailmap(struct string_list *map, const char *filename, char **repo_abbrev)
+static void read_mailmap_line(struct string_list *map, char *buffer,
+			      char **repo_abbrev)
 {
-	char buffer[1024];
-	FILE *f = (filename == NULL ? NULL : fopen(filename, "r"));
+	char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
+	if (buffer[0] == '#') {
+		static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
+		int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
+		int len = strlen(buffer);
 
-	if (f == NULL)
-		return 1;
-	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL) {
-		char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
-		if (buffer[0] == '#') {
-			static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
-			int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
-			int len = strlen(buffer);
-
-			if (!repo_abbrev)
-				continue;
-
-			if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
-				buffer[--len] = 0;
-			if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
-				char *cp;
-
-				if (repo_abbrev)
-					free(*repo_abbrev);
-				*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
-
-				for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
-					; /* nothing */
-				strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
-			}
-			continue;
+		if (!repo_abbrev)
+			return;
+
+		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
+			buffer[--len] = 0;
+		if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
+			char *cp;
+
+			free(*repo_abbrev);
+
+			for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
+				; /* nothing */
+			*repo_abbrev = xstrdup(cp);
 		}
-		if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
-			parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
+		parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+
+	if (email1)
+		add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_file(struct string_list *map, const char *filename,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	char buffer[1024];
+	FILE *f;
+
+	if (!filename)
+		return 0;
 
-		if (email1)
-			add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+	f = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error_errno("unable to open mailmap at %s", filename);
 	}
+
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL)
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buffer, repo_abbrev);
 	fclose(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void read_mailmap_string(struct string_list *map, char *buf,
+				char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	while (*buf) {
+		char *end = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+
+		if (*end)
+			*end++ = '\0';
+
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buf, repo_abbrev);
+		buf = end;
+	}
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_blob(struct string_list *map,
+			     const char *name,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to read mailmap object at %s", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return error("mailmap is not a blob: %s", name);
+
+	read_mailmap_string(map, buf, repo_abbrev);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev)
 {
+	int err = 0;
+
 	map->strdup_strings = 1;
-	/* each failure returns 1, so >1 means both calls failed */
-	return read_single_mailmap(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev) +
-	       read_single_mailmap(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev) > 1;
+	map->cmp = namemap_cmp;
+
+	if (!git_mailmap_blob && is_bare_repository())
+		git_mailmap_blob = "HEAD:.mailmap";
+
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev);
+	if (startup_info->have_repository)
+		err |= read_mailmap_blob(map, git_mailmap_blob, repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev);
+	return err;
 }
 
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
@@ -187,58 +263,100 @@ void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
 	debug_mm("mailmap: cleared\n");
 }
 
+/*
+ * Look for an entry in map that match string[0:len]; string[len]
+ * does not have to be NUL (but it could be).
+ */
+static struct string_list_item *lookup_prefix(struct string_list *map,
+					      const char *string, size_t len)
+{
+	int i = string_list_find_insert_index(map, string, 1);
+	if (i < 0) {
+		/* exact match */
+		i = -1 - i;
+		if (!string[len])
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * that map entry matches exactly to the string, including
+		 * the cruft at the end beyond "len".  That is not a match
+		 * with string[0:len] that we are looking for.
+		 */
+	} else if (!string[len]) {
+		/*
+		 * asked with the whole string, and got nothing.  No
+		 * matching entry can exist in the map.
+		 */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * i is at the exact match to an overlong key, or location the
+	 * overlong key would be inserted, which must come after the
+	 * real location of the key if one exists.
+	 */
+	while (0 <= --i && i < map->nr) {
+		int cmp = strncasecmp(map->items[i].string, string, len);
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			/*
+			 * "i" points at a key definitely below the prefix;
+			 * the map does not have string[0:len] in it.
+			 */
+			break;
+		else if (!cmp && !map->items[i].string[len])
+			/* found it */
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * otherwise, the string at "i" may be string[0:len]
+		 * followed by a string that sorts later than string[len:];
+		 * keep trying.
+		 */
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 int map_user(struct string_list *map,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name)
+	     const char **email, size_t *emaillen,
+	     const char **name, size_t *namelen)
 {
-	char *p;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
-	char buf[1024], *mailbuf;
-	int i;
-
-	/* figure out space requirement for email */
-	p = strchr(email, '>');
-	if (!p) {
-		/* email passed in might not be wrapped in <>, but end with a \0 */
-		p = memchr(email, '\0', maxlen_email);
-		if (!p)
-			return 0;
-	}
-	if (p - email + 1 < sizeof(buf))
-		mailbuf = buf;
-	else
-		mailbuf = xmalloc(p - email + 1);
-
-	/* downcase the email address */
-	for (i = 0; i < p - email; i++)
-		mailbuf[i] = tolower(email[i]);
-	mailbuf[i] = 0;
-
-	debug_mm("map_user: map '%s' <%s>\n", name, mailbuf);
-	item = string_list_lookup(map, mailbuf);
+
+	debug_mm("map_user: map '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+		 (int)*namelen, debug_str(*name),
+		 (int)*emaillen, debug_str(*email));
+
+	item = lookup_prefix(map, *email, *emaillen);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)item->util;
 		if (me->namemap.nr) {
-			/* The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on name too */
-			/* If the name is not found, we choose the simple entry      */
-			struct string_list_item *subitem = string_list_lookup(&me->namemap, name);
+			/*
+			 * The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on
+			 * name too. If the name is not found, we choose the
+			 * simple entry.
+			 */
+			struct string_list_item *subitem;
+			subitem = lookup_prefix(&me->namemap, *name, *namelen);
 			if (subitem)
 				item = subitem;
 		}
 	}
-	if (mailbuf != buf)
-		free(mailbuf);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)item->util;
-		if (mi->name == NULL && (mi->email == NULL || maxlen_email == 0)) {
+		if (mi->name == NULL && mi->email == NULL) {
 			debug_mm("map_user:  -- (no simple mapping)\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
-		if (maxlen_email && mi->email)
-			strlcpy(email, mi->email, maxlen_email);
-		if (maxlen_name && mi->name)
-			strlcpy(name, mi->name, maxlen_name);
-		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%s' <%s>\n", name, mi->email ? mi->email : "");
+		if (mi->email) {
+				*email = mi->email;
+				*emaillen = strlen(*email);
+		}
+		if (mi->name) {
+				*name = mi->name;
+				*namelen = strlen(*name);
+		}
+		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+			 (int)*namelen, debug_str(*name),
+			 (int)*emaillen, debug_str(*email));
 		return 1;
 	}
 	debug_mm("map_user:  --\n");
diff --git a/mailmap.h b/mailmap.h
index d5c3664322..ed7c93b05c 100644
--- a/mailmap.h
+++ b/mailmap.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev);
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map);
 
-int map_user(struct string_list *mailmap,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name);
+int map_user(struct string_list *map,
+			 const char **email, size_t *emaillen, const char **name, size_t *namelen);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/match-trees.c b/match-trees.c
index 26f7ed143e..396b7338df 100644
--- a/match-trees.c
+++ b/match-trees.c
@@ -47,78 +47,69 @@ static int score_matches(unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2, const char *path)
 	return score;
 }
 
+static void *fill_tree_desc_strict(struct tree_desc *desc,
+				   const struct object_id *hash)
+{
+	void *buffer;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(hash->hash, &type, &size);
+	if (!buffer)
+		die("unable to read tree (%s)", oid_to_hex(hash));
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
+		die("%s is not a tree", oid_to_hex(hash));
+	init_tree_desc(desc, buffer, size);
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+static int base_name_entries_compare(const struct name_entry *a,
+				     const struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return base_name_compare(a->path, tree_entry_len(a), a->mode,
+				 b->path, tree_entry_len(b), b->mode);
+}
+
 /*
  * Inspect two trees, and give a score that tells how similar they are.
  */
-static int score_trees(const unsigned char *hash1, const unsigned char *hash2)
+static int score_trees(const struct object_id *hash1, const struct object_id *hash2)
 {
 	struct tree_desc one;
 	struct tree_desc two;
-	void *one_buf, *two_buf;
+	void *one_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&one, hash1);
+	void *two_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&two, hash2);
 	int score = 0;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
 
-	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
-	if (!one_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
-	two_buf = read_sha1_file(hash2, &type, &size);
-	if (!two_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
-	init_tree_desc(&two, two_buf, size);
-	while (one.size | two.size) {
-		const unsigned char *elem1 = elem1;
-		const unsigned char *elem2 = elem2;
-		const char *path1 = path1;
-		const char *path2 = path2;
-		unsigned mode1 = mode1;
-		unsigned mode2 = mode2;
+	for (;;) {
+		struct name_entry e1, e2;
+		int got_entry_from_one = tree_entry(&one, &e1);
+		int got_entry_from_two = tree_entry(&two, &e2);
 		int cmp;
 
-		if (one.size)
-			elem1 = tree_entry_extract(&one, &path1, &mode1);
-		if (two.size)
-			elem2 = tree_entry_extract(&two, &path2, &mode2);
-
-		if (!one.size) {
-			/* two has more entries */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!two.size) {
+		if (got_entry_from_one && got_entry_from_two)
+			cmp = base_name_entries_compare(&e1, &e2);
+		else if (got_entry_from_one)
 			/* two lacks this entry */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		cmp = base_name_compare(path1, strlen(path1), mode1,
-					path2, strlen(path2), mode2);
-		if (cmp < 0) {
+			cmp = -1;
+		else if (got_entry_from_two)
+			/* two has more entries */
+			cmp = 1;
+		else
+			break;
+
+		if (cmp < 0)
 			/* path1 does not appear in two */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (cmp > 0) {
+			score += score_missing(e1.mode, e1.path);
+		else if (cmp > 0)
 			/* path2 does not appear in one */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (hashcmp(elem1, elem2))
+			score += score_missing(e2.mode, e2.path);
+		else if (oidcmp(e1.oid, e2.oid))
 			/* they are different */
-			score += score_differs(mode1, mode2, path1);
+			score += score_differs(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 		else
 			/* same subtree or blob */
-			score += score_matches(mode1, mode2, path1);
-		update_tree_entry(&one);
-		update_tree_entry(&two);
+			score += score_matches(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 	}
 	free(one_buf);
 	free(two_buf);
@@ -128,28 +119,19 @@ static int score_trees(const unsigned char *hash1, const unsigned char *hash2)
 /*
  * Match one itself and its subtrees with two and pick the best match.
  */
-static void match_trees(const unsigned char *hash1,
-			const unsigned char *hash2,
+static void match_trees(const struct object_id *hash1,
+			const struct object_id *hash2,
 			int *best_score,
 			char **best_match,
 			const char *base,
 			int recurse_limit)
 {
 	struct tree_desc one;
-	void *one_buf;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
-
-	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
-	if (!one_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
+	void *one_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&one, hash1);
 
 	while (one.size) {
 		const char *path;
-		const unsigned char *elem;
+		const struct object_id *elem;
 		unsigned mode;
 		int score;
 
@@ -158,17 +140,12 @@ static void match_trees(const unsigned char *hash1,
 			goto next;
 		score = score_trees(elem, hash2);
 		if (*best_score < score) {
-			char *newpath;
-			newpath = xmalloc(strlen(base) + strlen(path) + 1);
-			sprintf(newpath, "%s%s", base, path);
 			free(*best_match);
-			*best_match = newpath;
+			*best_match = xstrfmt("%s%s", base, path);
 			*best_score = score;
 		}
 		if (recurse_limit) {
-			char *newbase;
-			newbase = xmalloc(strlen(base) + strlen(path) + 2);
-			sprintf(newbase, "%s%s/", base, path);
+			char *newbase = xstrfmt("%s%s/", base, path);
 			match_trees(elem, hash2, best_score, best_match,
 				    newbase, recurse_limit - 1);
 			free(newbase);
@@ -200,13 +177,10 @@ static int splice_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
 	enum object_type type;
 	int status;
 
-	subpath = strchr(prefix, '/');
-	if (!subpath)
-		toplen = strlen(prefix);
-	else {
-		toplen = subpath - prefix;
+	subpath = strchrnul(prefix, '/');
+	toplen = subpath - prefix;
+	if (*subpath)
 		subpath++;
-	}
 
 	buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &sz);
 	if (!buf)
@@ -217,15 +191,15 @@ static int splice_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
 	while (desc.size) {
 		const char *name;
 		unsigned mode;
-		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		const struct object_id *oid;
 
-		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
+		oid = tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
 		if (strlen(name) == toplen &&
 		    !memcmp(name, prefix, toplen)) {
 			if (!S_ISDIR(mode))
 				die("entry %s in tree %s is not a tree",
 				    name, sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-			rewrite_here = (unsigned char *) sha1;
+			rewrite_here = (unsigned char *) oid->hash;
 			break;
 		}
 		update_tree_entry(&desc);
@@ -233,7 +207,7 @@ static int splice_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
 	if (!rewrite_here)
 		die("entry %.*s not found in tree %s",
 		    toplen, prefix, sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (subpath) {
+	if (*subpath) {
 		status = splice_tree(rewrite_here, subpath, hash2, subtree);
 		if (status)
 			return status;
@@ -255,9 +229,9 @@ static int splice_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
  * other hand, it could cover tree one and we might need to pick a
  * subtree of it.
  */
-void shift_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
-		const unsigned char *hash2,
-		unsigned char *shifted,
+void shift_tree(const struct object_id *hash1,
+		const struct object_id *hash2,
+		struct object_id *shifted,
 		int depth_limit)
 {
 	char *add_prefix;
@@ -288,7 +262,7 @@ void shift_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
 	match_trees(hash2, hash1, &del_score, &del_prefix, "", depth_limit);
 
 	/* Assume we do not have to do any shifting */
-	hashcpy(shifted, hash2);
+	oidcpy(shifted, hash2);
 
 	if (add_score < del_score) {
 		/* We need to pick a subtree of two */
@@ -297,16 +271,16 @@ void shift_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
 		if (!*del_prefix)
 			return;
 
-		if (get_tree_entry(hash2, del_prefix, shifted, &mode))
+		if (get_tree_entry(hash2->hash, del_prefix, shifted->hash, &mode))
 			die("cannot find path %s in tree %s",
-			    del_prefix, sha1_to_hex(hash2));
+			    del_prefix, oid_to_hex(hash2));
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if (!*add_prefix)
 		return;
 
-	splice_tree(hash1, add_prefix, hash2, shifted);
+	splice_tree(hash1->hash, add_prefix, hash2->hash, shifted->hash);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -314,22 +288,22 @@ void shift_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
  * Unfortunately we cannot fundamentally tell which one to
  * be prefixed, as recursive merge can work in either direction.
  */
-void shift_tree_by(const unsigned char *hash1,
-		   const unsigned char *hash2,
-		   unsigned char *shifted,
+void shift_tree_by(const struct object_id *hash1,
+		   const struct object_id *hash2,
+		   struct object_id *shifted,
 		   const char *shift_prefix)
 {
-	unsigned char sub1[20], sub2[20];
+	struct object_id sub1, sub2;
 	unsigned mode1, mode2;
 	unsigned candidate = 0;
 
 	/* Can hash2 be a tree at shift_prefix in tree hash1? */
-	if (!get_tree_entry(hash1, shift_prefix, sub1, &mode1) &&
+	if (!get_tree_entry(hash1->hash, shift_prefix, sub1.hash, &mode1) &&
 	    S_ISDIR(mode1))
 		candidate |= 1;
 
 	/* Can hash1 be a tree at shift_prefix in tree hash2? */
-	if (!get_tree_entry(hash2, shift_prefix, sub2, &mode2) &&
+	if (!get_tree_entry(hash2->hash, shift_prefix, sub2.hash, &mode2) &&
 	    S_ISDIR(mode2))
 		candidate |= 2;
 
@@ -339,19 +313,19 @@ void shift_tree_by(const unsigned char *hash1,
 		int score;
 
 		candidate = 0;
-		score = score_trees(sub1, hash2);
+		score = score_trees(&sub1, hash2);
 		if (score > best_score) {
 			candidate = 1;
 			best_score = score;
 		}
-		score = score_trees(sub2, hash1);
+		score = score_trees(&sub2, hash1);
 		if (score > best_score)
 			candidate = 2;
 	}
 
 	if (!candidate) {
 		/* Neither is plausible -- do not shift */
-		hashcpy(shifted, hash2);
+		oidcpy(shifted, hash2);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -360,11 +334,11 @@ void shift_tree_by(const unsigned char *hash1,
 		 * shift tree2 down by adding shift_prefix above it
 		 * to match tree1.
 		 */
-		splice_tree(hash1, shift_prefix, hash2, shifted);
+		splice_tree(hash1->hash, shift_prefix, hash2->hash, shifted->hash);
 	else
 		/*
 		 * shift tree2 up by removing shift_prefix from it
 		 * to match tree1.
 		 */
-		hashcpy(shifted, sub2);
+		oidcpy(shifted, &sub2);
 }
diff --git a/merge-file.c b/merge-blobs.c
index 7845528e88..9b6eac22e4 100644
--- a/merge-file.c
+++ b/merge-blobs.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "blob.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static int fill_mmfile_blob(mmfile_t *f, struct blob *obj)
 {
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ static int fill_mmfile_blob(mmfile_t *f, struct blob *obj)
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
 
-	buf = read_sha1_file(obj->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	buf = read_sha1_file(obj->object.oid.hash, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
 		return -1;
-	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(buf);
 		return -1;
+	}
 	f->ptr = buf;
 	f->size = size;
 	return 0;
@@ -46,41 +48,7 @@ static void *three_way_filemerge(const char *path, mmfile_t *base, mmfile_t *our
 	return res.ptr;
 }
 
-static int common_outf(void *priv_, mmbuffer_t *mb, int nbuf)
-{
-	int i;
-	mmfile_t *dst = priv_;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++) {
-		memcpy(dst->ptr + dst->size, mb[i].ptr, mb[i].size);
-		dst->size += mb[i].size;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int generate_common_file(mmfile_t *res, mmfile_t *f1, mmfile_t *f2)
-{
-	unsigned long size = f1->size < f2->size ? f1->size : f2->size;
-	void *ptr = xmalloc(size);
-	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
-	xdemitcb_t ecb;
-
-	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = 0;
-	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-	xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
-	xecfg.flags = XDL_EMIT_COMMON;
-	ecb.outf = common_outf;
-
-	res->ptr = ptr;
-	res->size = 0;
-
-	ecb.priv = res;
-	return xdi_diff(f1, f2, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
-}
-
-void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
+void *merge_blobs(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	void *res = NULL;
 	mmfile_t f1, f2, common;
@@ -98,7 +66,7 @@ void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct b
 			return NULL;
 		if (!our)
 			our = their;
-		return read_sha1_file(our->object.sha1, &type, size);
+		return read_sha1_file(our->object.oid.hash, &type, size);
 	}
 
 	if (fill_mmfile_blob(&f1, our) < 0)
@@ -110,8 +78,8 @@ void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct b
 		if (fill_mmfile_blob(&common, base) < 0)
 			goto out_free_f2_f1;
 	} else {
-		if (generate_common_file(&common, &f1, &f2) < 0)
-			goto out_free_f2_f1;
+		common.ptr = xstrdup("");
+		common.size = 0;
 	}
 	res = three_way_filemerge(path, &common, &f1, &f2, size);
 	free_mmfile(&common);
diff --git a/merge-blobs.h b/merge-blobs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62b569e472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge-blobs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef MERGE_BLOBS_H
+#define MERGE_BLOBS_H
+
+#include "blob.h"
+
+extern void *merge_blobs(const char *, struct blob *, struct blob *, struct blob *, unsigned long *);
+
+#endif /* MERGE_BLOBS_H */
diff --git a/merge-file.h b/merge-file.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b3b83ac6c..0000000000
--- a/merge-file.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MERGE_FILE_H
-#define MERGE_FILE_H
-
-extern void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our,
-			struct blob *their, unsigned long *size);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index d83cd6c662..65cb5d6c1f 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
  * Fredrik Kuivinen.
  * The thieves were Alex Riesen and Johannes Schindelin, in June/July 2006
  */
-#include "advice.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "advice.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -25,22 +26,22 @@
 static struct tree *shift_tree_object(struct tree *one, struct tree *two,
 				      const char *subtree_shift)
 {
-	unsigned char shifted[20];
+	struct object_id shifted;
 
 	if (!*subtree_shift) {
-		shift_tree(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted, 0);
+		shift_tree(&one->object.oid, &two->object.oid, &shifted, 0);
 	} else {
-		shift_tree_by(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted,
+		shift_tree_by(&one->object.oid, &two->object.oid, &shifted,
 			      subtree_shift);
 	}
-	if (!hashcmp(two->object.sha1, shifted))
+	if (!oidcmp(&two->object.oid, &shifted))
 		return two;
-	return lookup_tree(shifted);
+	return lookup_tree(shifted.hash);
 }
 
 static struct commit *make_virtual_commit(struct tree *tree, const char *comment)
 {
-	struct commit *commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct commit));
+	struct commit *commit = alloc_commit_node();
 	struct merge_remote_desc *desc = xmalloc(sizeof(*desc));
 
 	desc->name = comment;
@@ -163,15 +164,13 @@ static void output(struct merge_options *o, int v, const char *fmt, ...)
 	if (!show(o, v))
 		return;
 
-	strbuf_grow(&o->obuf, o->call_depth * 2 + 2);
-	memset(o->obuf.buf + o->obuf.len, ' ', o->call_depth * 2);
-	strbuf_setlen(&o->obuf, o->obuf.len + o->call_depth * 2);
+	strbuf_addchars(&o->obuf, ' ', o->call_depth * 2);
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	strbuf_vaddf(&o->obuf, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 
-	strbuf_add(&o->obuf, "\n", 1);
+	strbuf_addch(&o->obuf, '\n');
 	if (!o->buffer_output)
 		flush_output(o);
 }
@@ -185,14 +184,16 @@ static void output_commit_title(struct merge_options *o, struct commit *commit)
 	if (commit->util)
 		printf("virtual %s\n", merge_remote_util(commit)->name);
 	else {
-		printf("%s ", find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		printf("%s ", find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 		if (parse_commit(commit) != 0)
-			printf("(bad commit)\n");
+			printf(_("(bad commit)\n"));
 		else {
 			const char *title;
-			int len = find_commit_subject(commit->buffer, &title);
+			const char *msg = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+			int len = find_commit_subject(msg, &title);
 			if (len)
 				printf("%.*s\n", len, title);
+			unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -201,9 +202,11 @@ static int add_cacheinfo(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1,
 		const char *path, int stage, int refresh, int options)
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
-	ce = make_cache_entry(mode, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1, path, stage, refresh);
+	ce = make_cache_entry(mode, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1, path, stage,
+			      (refresh ? (CE_MATCH_REFRESH |
+					  CE_MATCH_IGNORE_MISSING) : 0 ));
 	if (!ce)
-		return error("addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'", path);
+		return error(_("addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"), path);
 	return add_cache_entry(ce, options);
 }
 
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
 		int i;
 		fprintf(stderr, "BUG: There are unmerged index entries:\n");
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			if (ce_stage(ce))
 				fprintf(stderr, "BUG: %d %.*s\n", ce_stage(ce),
 					(int)ce_namelen(ce), ce->name);
@@ -263,9 +266,8 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
 		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
 
 	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree) &&
-	    cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
-			      active_cache, active_nr, 0, 0, 0) < 0)
-		die("error building trees");
+	    cache_tree_update(&the_index, 0) < 0)
+		die(_("error building trees"));
 
 	result = lookup_tree(active_cache_tree->sha1);
 
@@ -273,23 +275,20 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
 }
 
 static int save_files_dirs(const unsigned char *sha1,
-		const char *base, int baselen, const char *path,
+		struct strbuf *base, const char *path,
 		unsigned int mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
-	int len = strlen(path);
-	char *newpath = xmalloc(baselen + len + 1);
+	int baselen = base->len;
 	struct merge_options *o = context;
 
-	memcpy(newpath, base, baselen);
-	memcpy(newpath + baselen, path, len);
-	newpath[baselen + len] = '\0';
+	strbuf_addstr(base, path);
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
-		string_list_insert(&o->current_directory_set, newpath);
+		string_list_insert(&o->current_directory_set, base->buf);
 	else
-		string_list_insert(&o->current_file_set, newpath);
-	free(newpath);
+		string_list_insert(&o->current_file_set, base->buf);
 
+	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
 	return (S_ISDIR(mode) ? READ_TREE_RECURSIVE : 0);
 }
 
@@ -297,7 +296,7 @@ static int get_files_dirs(struct merge_options *o, struct tree *tree)
 {
 	int n;
 	struct pathspec match_all;
-	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
+	memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
 	if (read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &match_all, save_files_dirs, o))
 		return 0;
 	n = o->current_file_set.nr + o->current_directory_set.nr;
@@ -314,11 +313,11 @@ static struct stage_data *insert_stage_data(const char *path,
 {
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct stage_data *e = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct stage_data));
-	get_tree_entry(o->object.sha1, path,
+	get_tree_entry(o->object.oid.hash, path,
 			e->stages[1].sha, &e->stages[1].mode);
-	get_tree_entry(a->object.sha1, path,
+	get_tree_entry(a->object.oid.hash, path,
 			e->stages[2].sha, &e->stages[2].mode);
-	get_tree_entry(b->object.sha1, path,
+	get_tree_entry(b->object.oid.hash, path,
 			e->stages[3].sha, &e->stages[3].mode);
 	item = string_list_insert(entries, path);
 	item->util = e;
@@ -339,7 +338,7 @@ static struct string_list *get_unmerged(void)
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 		struct stage_data *e;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 
@@ -483,8 +482,12 @@ static struct string_list *get_renames(struct merge_options *o,
 	struct diff_options opts;
 
 	renames = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	if (!o->detect_rename)
+		return renames;
+
 	diff_setup(&opts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opts, RECURSIVE);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&opts, RENAME_EMPTY);
 	opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
 	opts.rename_limit = o->merge_rename_limit >= 0 ? o->merge_rename_limit :
 			    o->diff_rename_limit >= 0 ? o->diff_rename_limit :
@@ -492,9 +495,8 @@ static struct string_list *get_renames(struct merge_options *o,
 	opts.rename_score = o->rename_score;
 	opts.show_rename_progress = o->show_rename_progress;
 	opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
-		die("diff setup failed");
-	diff_tree_sha1(o_tree->object.sha1, tree->object.sha1, "", &opts);
+	diff_setup_done(&opts);
+	diff_tree_sha1(o_tree->object.oid.hash, tree->object.oid.hash, "", &opts);
 	diffcore_std(&opts);
 	if (opts.needed_rename_limit > o->needed_rename_limit)
 		o->needed_rename_limit = opts.needed_rename_limit;
@@ -586,71 +588,69 @@ static int remove_file(struct merge_options *o, int clean,
 			return -1;
 	}
 	if (update_working_directory) {
+		if (ignore_case) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce;
+			ce = cache_file_exists(path, strlen(path), ignore_case);
+			if (ce && ce_stage(ce) == 0)
+				return 0;
+		}
 		if (remove_path(path))
 			return -1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static char *unique_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path, const char *branch)
+/* add a string to a strbuf, but converting "/" to "_" */
+static void add_flattened_path(struct strbuf *out, const char *s)
 {
-	char *newpath = xmalloc(strlen(path) + 1 + strlen(branch) + 8 + 1);
-	int suffix = 0;
-	struct stat st;
-	char *p = newpath + strlen(path);
-	strcpy(newpath, path);
-	*(p++) = '~';
-	strcpy(p, branch);
-	for (; *p; ++p)
-		if ('/' == *p)
-			*p = '_';
-	while (string_list_has_string(&o->current_file_set, newpath) ||
-	       string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, newpath) ||
-	       lstat(newpath, &st) == 0)
-		sprintf(p, "_%d", suffix++);
-
-	string_list_insert(&o->current_file_set, newpath);
-	return newpath;
+	size_t i = out->len;
+	strbuf_addstr(out, s);
+	for (; i < out->len; i++)
+		if (out->buf[i] == '/')
+			out->buf[i] = '_';
 }
 
-static void flush_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+static char *unique_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path, const char *branch)
 {
-	while (size > 0) {
-		long ret = write_in_full(fd, buf, size);
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			/* Ignore epipe */
-			if (errno == EPIPE)
-				break;
-			die_errno("merge-recursive");
-		} else if (!ret) {
-			die("merge-recursive: disk full?");
-		}
-		size -= ret;
-		buf += ret;
+	struct strbuf newpath = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int suffix = 0;
+	size_t base_len;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&newpath, "%s~", path);
+	add_flattened_path(&newpath, branch);
+
+	base_len = newpath.len;
+	while (string_list_has_string(&o->current_file_set, newpath.buf) ||
+	       string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, newpath.buf) ||
+	       (!o->call_depth && file_exists(newpath.buf))) {
+		strbuf_setlen(&newpath, base_len);
+		strbuf_addf(&newpath, "_%d", suffix++);
 	}
+
+	string_list_insert(&o->current_file_set, newpath.buf);
+	return strbuf_detach(&newpath, NULL);
 }
 
 static int dir_in_way(const char *path, int check_working_copy)
 {
-	int pos, pathlen = strlen(path);
-	char *dirpath = xmalloc(pathlen + 2);
+	int pos;
+	struct strbuf dirpath = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	strcpy(dirpath, path);
-	dirpath[pathlen] = '/';
-	dirpath[pathlen+1] = '\0';
+	strbuf_addstr(&dirpath, path);
+	strbuf_addch(&dirpath, '/');
 
-	pos = cache_name_pos(dirpath, pathlen+1);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(dirpath.buf, dirpath.len);
 
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -1 - pos;
 	if (pos < active_nr &&
-	    !strncmp(dirpath, active_cache[pos]->name, pathlen+1)) {
-		free(dirpath);
+	    !strncmp(dirpath.buf, active_cache[pos]->name, dirpath.len)) {
+		strbuf_release(&dirpath);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	free(dirpath);
+	strbuf_release(&dirpath);
 	return check_working_copy && !lstat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
 }
 
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ static int would_lose_untracked(const char *path)
 static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 {
 	int status, i;
-	const char *msg = "failed to create path '%s'%s";
+	const char *msg = _("failed to create path '%s'%s");
 
 	/* Unlink any D/F conflict files that are in the way */
 	for (i = 0; i < o->df_conflict_file_set.nr; i++) {
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 		    path[df_pathlen] == '/' &&
 		    strncmp(path, df_path, df_pathlen) == 0) {
 			output(o, 3,
-			       "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n",
+			       _("Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"),
 			       df_path);
 			unlink(df_path);
 			unsorted_string_list_delete_item(&o->df_conflict_file_set,
@@ -709,9 +709,9 @@ static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 	/* Make sure leading directories are created */
 	status = safe_create_leading_directories_const(path);
 	if (status) {
-		if (status == -3) {
+		if (status == SCLD_EXISTS) {
 			/* something else exists */
-			error(msg, path, ": perhaps a D/F conflict?");
+			error(msg, path, _(": perhaps a D/F conflict?"));
 			return -1;
 		}
 		die(msg, path, "");
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 	 * tracking it.
 	 */
 	if (would_lose_untracked(path))
-		return error("refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'",
+		return error(_("refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"),
 			     path);
 
 	/* Successful unlink is good.. */
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 	if (errno == ENOENT)
 		return 0;
 	/* .. but not some other error (who really cares what?) */
-	return error(msg, path, ": perhaps a D/F conflict?");
+	return error(msg, path, _(": perhaps a D/F conflict?"));
 }
 
 static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
@@ -762,9 +762,9 @@ static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
 
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
-			die("cannot read object %s '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+			die(_("cannot read object %s '%s'"), sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
-			die("blob expected for %s '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+			die(_("blob expected for %s '%s'"), sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
 			struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			if (convert_to_working_tree(path, buf, size, &strbuf)) {
@@ -787,18 +787,18 @@ static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
 				mode = 0666;
 			fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, mode);
 			if (fd < 0)
-				die_errno("failed to open '%s'", path);
-			flush_buffer(fd, buf, size);
+				die_errno(_("failed to open '%s'"), path);
+			write_in_full(fd, buf, size);
 			close(fd);
 		} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 			char *lnk = xmemdupz(buf, size);
 			safe_create_leading_directories_const(path);
 			unlink(path);
 			if (symlink(lnk, path))
-				die_errno("failed to symlink '%s'", path);
+				die_errno(_("failed to symlink '%s'"), path);
 			free(lnk);
 		} else
-			die("do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'",
+			die(_("do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"),
 			    mode, sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		free(buf);
 	}
@@ -861,14 +861,14 @@ static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *o,
 	if (strcmp(a->path, b->path) ||
 	    (o->ancestor != NULL && strcmp(a->path, one->path) != 0)) {
 		base_name = o->ancestor == NULL ? NULL :
-			xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", o->ancestor, one->path));
-		name1 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", branch1, a->path));
-		name2 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", branch2, b->path));
+			mkpathdup("%s:%s", o->ancestor, one->path);
+		name1 = mkpathdup("%s:%s", branch1, a->path);
+		name2 = mkpathdup("%s:%s", branch2, b->path);
 	} else {
 		base_name = o->ancestor == NULL ? NULL :
-			xstrdup(mkpath("%s", o->ancestor));
-		name1 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s", branch1));
-		name2 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s", branch2));
+			mkpathdup("%s", o->ancestor);
+		name1 = mkpathdup("%s", branch1);
+		name2 = mkpathdup("%s", branch2);
 	}
 
 	read_mmblob(&orig, one->sha1);
@@ -878,6 +878,7 @@ static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *o,
 	merge_status = ll_merge(result_buf, a->path, &orig, base_name,
 				&src1, name1, &src2, name2, &ll_opts);
 
+	free(base_name);
 	free(name1);
 	free(name2);
 	free(orig.ptr);
@@ -935,11 +936,11 @@ static struct merge_file_info merge_file_1(struct merge_options *o,
 						  branch1, branch2);
 
 			if ((merge_status < 0) || !result_buf.ptr)
-				die("Failed to execute internal merge");
+				die(_("Failed to execute internal merge"));
 
 			if (write_sha1_file(result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size,
 					    blob_type, result.sha))
-				die("Unable to add %s to database",
+				die(_("Unable to add %s to database"),
 				    a->path);
 
 			free(result_buf.ptr);
@@ -955,7 +956,7 @@ static struct merge_file_info merge_file_1(struct merge_options *o,
 			if (!sha_eq(a->sha1, b->sha1))
 				result.clean = 0;
 		} else {
-			die("unsupported object type in the tree");
+			die(_("unsupported object type in the tree"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -976,14 +977,10 @@ merge_file_special_markers(struct merge_options *o,
 	char *side2 = NULL;
 	struct merge_file_info mfi;
 
-	if (filename1) {
-		side1 = xmalloc(strlen(branch1) + strlen(filename1) + 2);
-		sprintf(side1, "%s:%s", branch1, filename1);
-	}
-	if (filename2) {
-		side2 = xmalloc(strlen(branch2) + strlen(filename2) + 2);
-		sprintf(side2, "%s:%s", branch2, filename2);
-	}
+	if (filename1)
+		side1 = xstrfmt("%s:%s", branch1, filename1);
+	if (filename2)
+		side2 = xstrfmt("%s:%s", branch2, filename2);
 
 	mfi = merge_file_1(o, one, a, b,
 			   side1 ? side1 : branch1, side2 ? side2 : branch2);
@@ -992,7 +989,7 @@ merge_file_special_markers(struct merge_options *o,
 	return mfi;
 }
 
-static struct merge_file_info merge_file(struct merge_options *o,
+static struct merge_file_info merge_file_one(struct merge_options *o,
 					 const char *path,
 					 const unsigned char *o_sha, int o_mode,
 					 const unsigned char *a_sha, int a_mode,
@@ -1033,22 +1030,32 @@ static void handle_change_delete(struct merge_options *o,
 		remove_file_from_cache(path);
 		update_file(o, 0, o_sha, o_mode, renamed ? renamed : path);
 	} else if (!a_sha) {
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
-		       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree%s%s.",
-		       change, path, o->branch1,
-		       change_past, o->branch2, o->branch2, path,
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : " at ",
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : renamed);
-		update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, renamed ? renamed : path);
+		if (!renamed) {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree."),
+			       change, path, o->branch1, change_past,
+			       o->branch2, o->branch2, path);
+			update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, path);
+		} else {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree at %s."),
+			       change, path, o->branch1, change_past,
+			       o->branch2, o->branch2, path, renamed);
+			update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, renamed);
+		}
 	} else {
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
-		       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree%s%s.",
-		       change, path, o->branch2,
-		       change_past, o->branch1, o->branch1, path,
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : " at ",
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : renamed);
-		if (renamed)
+		if (!renamed) {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree."),
+			       change, path, o->branch2, change_past,
+			       o->branch1, o->branch1, path);
+		} else {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree at %s."),
+			       change, path, o->branch2, change_past,
+			       o->branch1, o->branch1, path, renamed);
 			update_file(o, 0, a_sha, a_mode, renamed);
+		}
 		/*
 		 * No need to call update_file() on path when !renamed, since
 		 * that would needlessly touch path.  We could call
@@ -1084,7 +1091,7 @@ static void conflict_rename_delete(struct merge_options *o,
 			     orig->sha1, orig->mode,
 			     a_sha, a_mode,
 			     b_sha, b_mode,
-			     "rename", "renamed");
+			     _("rename"), _("renamed"));
 
 	if (o->call_depth) {
 		remove_file_from_cache(dest->path);
@@ -1140,7 +1147,7 @@ static void handle_file(struct merge_options *o,
 	} else {
 		if (dir_in_way(rename->path, !o->call_depth)) {
 			dst_name = unique_path(o, rename->path, cur_branch);
-			output(o, 1, "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead",
+			output(o, 1, _("%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"),
 			       rename->path, other_branch, dst_name);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1162,17 +1169,17 @@ static void conflict_rename_rename_1to2(struct merge_options *o,
 	struct diff_filespec *a = ci->pair1->two;
 	struct diff_filespec *b = ci->pair2->two;
 
-	output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+	output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
 	       "Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" "
-	       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s",
+	       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"),
 	       one->path, a->path, ci->branch1,
 	       one->path, b->path, ci->branch2,
-	       o->call_depth ? " (left unresolved)" : "");
+	       o->call_depth ? _(" (left unresolved)") : "");
 	if (o->call_depth) {
 		struct merge_file_info mfi;
 		struct diff_filespec other;
 		struct diff_filespec *add;
-		mfi = merge_file(o, one->path,
+		mfi = merge_file_one(o, one->path,
 				 one->sha1, one->mode,
 				 a->sha1, a->mode,
 				 b->sha1, b->mode,
@@ -1221,14 +1228,14 @@ static void conflict_rename_rename_2to1(struct merge_options *o,
 	struct merge_file_info mfi_c1;
 	struct merge_file_info mfi_c2;
 
-	output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+	output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
 	       "Rename %s->%s in %s. "
-	       "Rename %s->%s in %s",
+	       "Rename %s->%s in %s"),
 	       a->path, c1->path, ci->branch1,
 	       b->path, c2->path, ci->branch2);
 
-	remove_file(o, 1, a->path, would_lose_untracked(a->path));
-	remove_file(o, 1, b->path, would_lose_untracked(b->path));
+	remove_file(o, 1, a->path, o->call_depth || would_lose_untracked(a->path));
+	remove_file(o, 1, b->path, o->call_depth || would_lose_untracked(b->path));
 
 	mfi_c1 = merge_file_special_markers(o, a, c1, &ci->ren1_other,
 					    o->branch1, c1->path,
@@ -1251,7 +1258,7 @@ static void conflict_rename_rename_2to1(struct merge_options *o,
 	} else {
 		char *new_path1 = unique_path(o, path, ci->branch1);
 		char *new_path2 = unique_path(o, path, ci->branch2);
-		output(o, 1, "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead",
+		output(o, 1, _("Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"),
 		       a->path, new_path1, b->path, new_path2);
 		remove_file(o, 0, path, 0);
 		update_file(o, 0, mfi_c1.sha, mfi_c1.mode, new_path1);
@@ -1450,22 +1457,22 @@ static int process_renames(struct merge_options *o,
 			} else if (!sha_eq(dst_other.sha1, null_sha1)) {
 				clean_merge = 0;
 				try_merge = 1;
-				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. "
-				       "%s added in %s",
+				output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. "
+				       "%s added in %s"),
 				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
 				       ren1_dst, branch2);
 				if (o->call_depth) {
 					struct merge_file_info mfi;
-					mfi = merge_file(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
+					mfi = merge_file_one(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
 							 ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode,
 							 dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode,
 							 branch1, branch2);
-					output(o, 1, "Adding merged %s", ren1_dst);
+					output(o, 1, _("Adding merged %s"), ren1_dst);
 					update_file(o, 0, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, ren1_dst);
 					try_merge = 0;
 				} else {
 					char *new_path = unique_path(o, ren1_dst, branch2);
-					output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
+					output(o, 1, _("Adding as %s instead"), new_path);
 					update_file(o, 0, dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode, new_path);
 					free(new_path);
 				}
@@ -1516,23 +1523,27 @@ static int read_sha1_strbuf(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *dst)
 	unsigned long size;
 	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
-		return error("cannot read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return error(_("cannot read object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(buf);
-		return error("object %s is not a blob", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return error(_("object %s is not a blob"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 	strbuf_attach(dst, buf, size, size + 1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int blob_unchanged(const unsigned char *o_sha,
+			  unsigned o_mode,
 			  const unsigned char *a_sha,
+			  unsigned a_mode,
 			  int renormalize, const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf o = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf a = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = 0; /* assume changed for safety */
 
+	if (a_mode != o_mode)
+		return 0;
 	if (sha_eq(o_sha, a_sha))
 		return 1;
 	if (!renormalize)
@@ -1547,7 +1558,7 @@ static int blob_unchanged(const unsigned char *o_sha,
 	 * unchanged since their sha1s have already been compared.
 	 */
 	if (renormalize_buffer(path, o.buf, o.len, &o) |
-	    renormalize_buffer(path, a.buf, o.len, &a))
+	    renormalize_buffer(path, a.buf, a.len, &a))
 		ret = (o.len == a.len && !memcmp(o.buf, a.buf, o.len));
 
 error_return:
@@ -1567,7 +1578,7 @@ static void handle_modify_delete(struct merge_options *o,
 			     o_sha, o_mode,
 			     a_sha, a_mode,
 			     b_sha, b_mode,
-			     "modify", "modified");
+			     _("modify"), _("modified"));
 }
 
 static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
@@ -1577,14 +1588,14 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 			 unsigned char *b_sha, int b_mode,
 			 struct rename_conflict_info *rename_conflict_info)
 {
-	const char *reason = "content";
+	const char *reason = _("content");
 	const char *path1 = NULL, *path2 = NULL;
 	struct merge_file_info mfi;
 	struct diff_filespec one, a, b;
 	unsigned df_conflict_remains = 0;
 
 	if (!o_sha) {
-		reason = "add/add";
+		reason = _("add/add");
 		o_sha = (unsigned char *)null_sha1;
 	}
 	one.path = a.path = b.path = (char *)path;
@@ -1618,7 +1629,7 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 	if (mfi.clean && !df_conflict_remains &&
 	    sha_eq(mfi.sha, a_sha) && mfi.mode == a_mode) {
 		int path_renamed_outside_HEAD;
-		output(o, 3, "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)", path);
+		output(o, 3, _("Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"), path);
 		/*
 		 * The content merge resulted in the same file contents we
 		 * already had.  We can return early if those file contents
@@ -1632,12 +1643,12 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 			return mfi.clean;
 		}
 	} else
-		output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", path);
+		output(o, 2, _("Auto-merging %s"), path);
 
 	if (!mfi.clean) {
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(mfi.mode))
-			reason = "submodule";
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s",
+			reason = _("submodule");
+		output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"),
 				reason, path);
 		if (rename_conflict_info && !df_conflict_remains)
 			update_stages(path, &one, &a, &b);
@@ -1663,7 +1674,7 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 
 		}
 		new_path = unique_path(o, path, rename_conflict_info->branch1);
-		output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
+		output(o, 1, _("Adding as %s instead"), new_path);
 		update_file(o, 0, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, new_path);
 		free(new_path);
 		mfi.clean = 0;
@@ -1678,10 +1689,6 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 			 const char *path, struct stage_data *entry)
 {
-	/*
-	printf("processing entry, clean cache: %s\n", index_only ? "yes": "no");
-	print_index_entry("\tpath: ", entry);
-	*/
 	int clean_merge = 1;
 	int normalize = o->renormalize;
 	unsigned o_mode = entry->stages[1].mode;
@@ -1722,12 +1729,12 @@ static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 	} else if (o_sha && (!a_sha || !b_sha)) {
 		/* Case A: Deleted in one */
 		if ((!a_sha && !b_sha) ||
-		    (!b_sha && blob_unchanged(o_sha, a_sha, normalize, path)) ||
-		    (!a_sha && blob_unchanged(o_sha, b_sha, normalize, path))) {
+		    (!b_sha && blob_unchanged(o_sha, o_mode, a_sha, a_mode, normalize, path)) ||
+		    (!a_sha && blob_unchanged(o_sha, o_mode, b_sha, b_mode, normalize, path))) {
 			/* Deleted in both or deleted in one and
 			 * unchanged in the other */
 			if (a_sha)
-				output(o, 2, "Removing %s", path);
+				output(o, 2, _("Removing %s"), path);
 			/* do not touch working file if it did not exist */
 			remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_sha);
 		} else {
@@ -1752,28 +1759,26 @@ static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 			other_branch = o->branch2;
 			mode = a_mode;
 			sha = a_sha;
-			conf = "file/directory";
+			conf = _("file/directory");
 		} else {
 			add_branch = o->branch2;
 			other_branch = o->branch1;
 			mode = b_mode;
 			sha = b_sha;
-			conf = "directory/file";
+			conf = _("directory/file");
 		}
 		if (dir_in_way(path, !o->call_depth)) {
 			char *new_path = unique_path(o, path, add_branch);
 			clean_merge = 0;
-			output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
-			       "Adding %s as %s",
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
+			       "Adding %s as %s"),
 			       conf, path, other_branch, path, new_path);
-			if (o->call_depth)
-				remove_file_from_cache(path);
 			update_file(o, 0, sha, mode, new_path);
 			if (o->call_depth)
 				remove_file_from_cache(path);
 			free(new_path);
 		} else {
-			output(o, 2, "Adding %s", path);
+			output(o, 2, _("Adding %s"), path);
 			/* do not overwrite file if already present */
 			update_file_flags(o, sha, mode, path, 1, !a_sha);
 		}
@@ -1790,7 +1795,7 @@ static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 		 */
 		remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_mode);
 	} else
-		die("Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen.");
+		die(_("Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."));
 
 	return clean_merge;
 }
@@ -1808,8 +1813,8 @@ int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
 		common = shift_tree_object(head, common, o->subtree_shift);
 	}
 
-	if (sha_eq(common->object.sha1, merge->object.sha1)) {
-		output(o, 0, "Already up-to-date!");
+	if (sha_eq(common->object.oid.hash, merge->object.oid.hash)) {
+		output(o, 0, _("Already up-to-date!"));
 		*result = head;
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1818,9 +1823,9 @@ int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
 
 	if (code != 0) {
 		if (show(o, 4) || o->call_depth)
-			die("merging of trees %s and %s failed",
-			    sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1),
-			    sha1_to_hex(merge->object.sha1));
+			die(_("merging of trees %s and %s failed"),
+			    oid_to_hex(&head->object.oid),
+			    oid_to_hex(&merge->object.oid));
 		else
 			exit(128);
 	}
@@ -1848,7 +1853,7 @@ int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
 		for (i = 0; i < entries->nr; i++) {
 			struct stage_data *e = entries->items[i].util;
 			if (!e->processed)
-				die("Unprocessed path??? %s",
+				die(_("Unprocessed path??? %s"),
 				    entries->items[i].string);
 		}
 
@@ -1856,6 +1861,9 @@ int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
 		string_list_clear(re_head, 0);
 		string_list_clear(entries, 1);
 
+		free(re_merge);
+		free(re_head);
+		free(entries);
 	}
 	else
 		clean = 1;
@@ -1893,18 +1901,21 @@ int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
 	int clean;
 
 	if (show(o, 4)) {
-		output(o, 4, "Merging:");
+		output(o, 4, _("Merging:"));
 		output_commit_title(o, h1);
 		output_commit_title(o, h2);
 	}
 
 	if (!ca) {
-		ca = get_merge_bases(h1, h2, 1);
+		ca = get_merge_bases(h1, h2);
 		ca = reverse_commit_list(ca);
 	}
 
 	if (show(o, 5)) {
-		output(o, 5, "found %u common ancestor(s):", commit_list_count(ca));
+		unsigned cnt = commit_list_count(ca);
+
+		output(o, 5, Q_("found %u common ancestor:",
+				"found %u common ancestors:", cnt), cnt);
 		for (iter = ca; iter; iter = iter->next)
 			output_commit_title(o, iter->item);
 	}
@@ -1914,7 +1925,7 @@ int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
 		/* if there is no common ancestor, use an empty tree */
 		struct tree *tree;
 
-		tree = lookup_tree((const unsigned char *)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+		tree = lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
 		merged_common_ancestors = make_virtual_commit(tree, "ancestor");
 	}
 
@@ -1940,7 +1951,7 @@ int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
 		o->call_depth--;
 
 		if (!merged_common_ancestors)
-			die("merge returned no commit");
+			die(_("merge returned no commit"));
 	}
 
 	discard_cache();
@@ -1986,7 +1997,7 @@ int merge_recursive_generic(struct merge_options *o,
 			    const unsigned char **base_list,
 			    struct commit **result)
 {
-	int clean, index_fd;
+	int clean;
 	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 	struct commit *head_commit = get_ref(head, o->branch1);
 	struct commit *next_commit = get_ref(merge, o->branch2);
@@ -1997,39 +2008,28 @@ int merge_recursive_generic(struct merge_options *o,
 		for (i = 0; i < num_base_list; ++i) {
 			struct commit *base;
 			if (!(base = get_ref(base_list[i], sha1_to_hex(base_list[i]))))
-				return error("Could not parse object '%s'",
+				return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'"),
 					sha1_to_hex(base_list[i]));
 			commit_list_insert(base, &ca);
 		}
 	}
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
 	clean = merge_recursive(o, head_commit, next_commit, ca,
 			result);
 	if (active_cache_changed &&
-			(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			 commit_locked_index(lock)))
-		return error("Unable to write index.");
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		return error(_("Unable to write index."));
 
 	return clean ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
-static int merge_recursive_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void merge_recursive_config(struct merge_options *o)
 {
-	struct merge_options *o = cb;
-	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.verbosity")) {
-		o->verbosity = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renamelimit")) {
-		o->diff_rename_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.renamelimit")) {
-		o->merge_rename_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return git_xmerge_config(var, value, cb);
+	git_config_get_int("merge.verbosity", &o->verbosity);
+	git_config_get_int("diff.renamelimit", &o->diff_rename_limit);
+	git_config_get_int("merge.renamelimit", &o->merge_rename_limit);
+	git_config(git_xmerge_config, NULL);
 }
 
 void init_merge_options(struct merge_options *o)
@@ -2040,23 +2040,23 @@ void init_merge_options(struct merge_options *o)
 	o->diff_rename_limit = -1;
 	o->merge_rename_limit = -1;
 	o->renormalize = 0;
-	git_config(merge_recursive_config, o);
+	o->detect_rename = 1;
+	merge_recursive_config(o);
 	if (getenv("GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY"))
 		o->verbosity =
 			strtol(getenv("GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY"), NULL, 10);
 	if (o->verbosity >= 5)
 		o->buffer_output = 0;
 	strbuf_init(&o->obuf, 0);
-	memset(&o->current_file_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	o->current_file_set.strdup_strings = 1;
-	memset(&o->current_directory_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	o->current_directory_set.strdup_strings = 1;
-	memset(&o->df_conflict_file_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	o->df_conflict_file_set.strdup_strings = 1;
+	string_list_init(&o->current_file_set, 1);
+	string_list_init(&o->current_directory_set, 1);
+	string_list_init(&o->df_conflict_file_set, 1);
 }
 
 int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *o, const char *s)
 {
+	const char *arg;
+
 	if (!s || !*s)
 		return -1;
 	if (!strcmp(s, "ours"))
@@ -2065,12 +2065,21 @@ int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *o, const char *s)
 		o->recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "subtree"))
 		o->subtree_shift = "";
-	else if (!prefixcmp(s, "subtree="))
-		o->subtree_shift = s + strlen("subtree=");
+	else if (skip_prefix(s, "subtree=", &arg))
+		o->subtree_shift = arg;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "patience"))
-		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "histogram"))
-		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if (skip_prefix(s, "diff-algorithm=", &arg)) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(arg);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return -1;
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(o, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		o->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		o->xdl_opts |= value;
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-space-change"))
 		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-all-space"))
@@ -2081,10 +2090,17 @@ int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *o, const char *s)
 		o->renormalize = 1;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "no-renormalize"))
 		o->renormalize = 0;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(s, "rename-threshold=")) {
-		const char *score = s + strlen("rename-threshold=");
-		if ((o->rename_score = parse_rename_score(&score)) == -1 || *score != 0)
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "no-renames"))
+		o->detect_rename = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "find-renames")) {
+		o->detect_rename = 1;
+		o->rename_score = 0;
+	}
+	else if (skip_prefix(s, "find-renames=", &arg) ||
+		 skip_prefix(s, "rename-threshold=", &arg)) {
+		if ((o->rename_score = parse_rename_score(&arg)) == -1 || *arg != 0)
 			return -1;
+		o->detect_rename = 1;
 	}
 	else
 		return -1;
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
index 58f3435e9e..52f0201f68 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.h
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ struct merge_options {
 	unsigned renormalize : 1;
 	long xdl_opts;
 	int verbosity;
+	int detect_rename;
 	int diff_rename_limit;
 	int merge_rename_limit;
 	int rename_score;
@@ -59,9 +60,4 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o);
 
 int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *out, const char *s);
 
-/* builtin/merge.c */
-int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
-		const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
-		const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
-
 #endif
diff --git a/merge.c b/merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5db7d56b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit)
+		return oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid);
+	else
+		return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
+}
+
+int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
+		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
+		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
+{
+	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int i, ret;
+	struct commit_list *j;
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&args, "merge-%s", strategy);
+	for (i = 0; i < xopts_nr; i++)
+		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--%s", xopts[i]);
+	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+		argv_array_push(&args, merge_argument(j->item));
+	argv_array_push(&args, "--");
+	argv_array_push(&args, head_arg);
+	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
+		argv_array_push(&args, merge_argument(j->item));
+
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
+
+	discard_cache();
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("failed to read the cache"));
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head,
+			  const unsigned char *remote,
+			  int overwrite_ignore)
+{
+	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	int i, nr_trees = 0;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+	if (overwrite_ignore) {
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+		opts.dir = &dir;
+	}
+
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.update = 1;
+	opts.verbose_update = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
+	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
+
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
+		parse_tree(trees[i]);
+		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
+	}
+	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
+		return -1;
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/mergesort.c b/mergesort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5fdf2ee4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergesort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
+
+struct mergesort_sublist {
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long len;
+};
+
+static void *get_nth_next(void *list, unsigned long n,
+			  void *(*get_next_fn)(const void *))
+{
+	while (n-- && list)
+		list = get_next_fn(list);
+	return list;
+}
+
+static void *pop_item(struct mergesort_sublist *l,
+		      void *(*get_next_fn)(const void *))
+{
+	void *p = l->ptr;
+	l->ptr = get_next_fn(l->ptr);
+	l->len = l->ptr ? (l->len - 1) : 0;
+	return p;
+}
+
+void *llist_mergesort(void *list,
+		      void *(*get_next_fn)(const void *),
+		      void (*set_next_fn)(void *, void *),
+		      int (*compare_fn)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+	unsigned long l;
+
+	if (!list)
+		return NULL;
+	for (l = 1; ; l *= 2) {
+		void *curr;
+		struct mergesort_sublist p, q;
+
+		p.ptr = list;
+		q.ptr = get_nth_next(p.ptr, l, get_next_fn);
+		if (!q.ptr)
+			break;
+		p.len = q.len = l;
+
+		if (compare_fn(p.ptr, q.ptr) > 0)
+			list = curr = pop_item(&q, get_next_fn);
+		else
+			list = curr = pop_item(&p, get_next_fn);
+
+		while (p.ptr) {
+			while (p.len || q.len) {
+				void *prev = curr;
+
+				if (!p.len)
+					curr = pop_item(&q, get_next_fn);
+				else if (!q.len)
+					curr = pop_item(&p, get_next_fn);
+				else if (compare_fn(p.ptr, q.ptr) > 0)
+					curr = pop_item(&q, get_next_fn);
+				else
+					curr = pop_item(&p, get_next_fn);
+				set_next_fn(prev, curr);
+			}
+			p.ptr = q.ptr;
+			p.len = l;
+			q.ptr = get_nth_next(p.ptr, l, get_next_fn);
+			q.len = q.ptr ? l : 0;
+
+		}
+		set_next_fn(curr, NULL);
+	}
+	return list;
+}
diff --git a/mergesort.h b/mergesort.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..644cff1f96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergesort.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef MERGESORT_H
+#define MERGESORT_H
+
+/*
+ * Sort linked list in place.
+ * - get_next_fn() returns the next element given an element of a linked list.
+ * - set_next_fn() takes two elements A and B, and makes B the "next" element
+ *   of A on the list.
+ * - compare_fn() takes two elements A and B, and returns negative, 0, positive
+ *   as the same sign as "subtracting" B from A.
+ */
+void *llist_mergesort(void *list,
+		      void *(*get_next_fn)(const void *),
+		      void (*set_next_fn)(void *, void *),
+		      int (*compare_fn)(const void *, const void *));
+
+#endif
diff --git a/mergetools/bc b/mergetools/bc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6319d206e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/bc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	touch "$BACKUP"
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" \
+			-mergeoutput="$MERGED"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+			-mergeoutput="$MERGED"
+	fi
+	check_unchanged
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if type bcomp >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		echo bcomp
+	else
+		echo bcompare
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/bc3 b/mergetools/bc3
index b6319d206e..5d8dd48184 100644
--- a/mergetools/bc3
+++ b/mergetools/bc3
@@ -1,25 +1 @@
-diff_cmd () {
-	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-}
-
-merge_cmd () {
-	touch "$BACKUP"
-	if $base_present
-	then
-		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" \
-			-mergeoutput="$MERGED"
-	else
-		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
-			-mergeoutput="$MERGED"
-	fi
-	check_unchanged
-}
-
-translate_merge_tool_path() {
-	if type bcomp >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
-	then
-		echo bcomp
-	else
-		echo bcompare
-	fi
-}
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/bc"
diff --git a/mergetools/codecompare b/mergetools/codecompare
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f0486bc80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/codecompare
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	touch "$BACKUP"
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" -MF="$LOCAL" -TF="$REMOTE" -BF="$BASE" \
+			-RF="$MERGED"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" -MF="$LOCAL" -TF="$REMOTE" \
+			-RF="$MERGED"
+	fi
+	check_unchanged
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if merge_mode
+	then
+		echo CodeMerge
+	else
+		echo CodeCompare
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/defaults b/mergetools/defaults
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d8f2a3dd3..0000000000
--- a/mergetools/defaults
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# Redefined by builtin tools
-can_merge () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-can_diff () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-diff_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -z "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		status=1
-		break
-	fi
-	( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-	status=$?
-	return $status
-}
-
-merge_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -z "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		status=1
-		break
-	fi
-	trust_exit_code="$(git config --bool \
-		mergetool."$1".trustExitCode || echo false)"
-	if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
-	then
-		touch "$BACKUP"
-		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-		status=$?
-		check_unchanged
-	else
-		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-		status=$?
-	fi
-	return $status
-}
-
-translate_merge_tool_path () {
-	echo "$1"
-}
diff --git a/mergetools/deltawalker b/mergetools/deltawalker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3c71b6236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/deltawalker
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	# Adding $(pwd)/ in front of $MERGED should not be necessary.
+	# However without it, DeltaWalker (at least v1.9.8 on Windows)
+	# crashes with a JRE exception.  The DeltaWalker user manual,
+	# shows $(pwd)/ whenever the '-merged' options is given.
+	# Adding it here seems to work around the problem.
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" -merged="$(pwd)/$MERGED"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -merged="$(pwd)/$MERGED"
+	fi >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	echo DeltaWalker
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/diffmerge b/mergetools/diffmerge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f138cb4e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/diffmerge
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" --merge --result="$MERGED" \
+			"$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" --merge \
+			--result="$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/emerge b/mergetools/emerge
index f96d9e550a..7b895fdb1f 100644
--- a/mergetools/emerge
+++ b/mergetools/emerge
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ merge_cmd () {
 			"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
 			"$(basename "$MERGED")"
 	fi
-	status=$?
 }
 
 translate_merge_tool_path() {
diff --git a/mergetools/examdiff b/mergetools/examdiff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b524d4088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/examdiff
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -nh
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	touch "$BACKUP"
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" -merge "$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" -o:"$MERGED" -nh
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" -merge "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -o:"$MERGED" -nh
+	fi
+	check_unchanged
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	mergetool_find_win32_cmd "ExamDiff.com" "ExamDiff Pro"
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff b/mergetools/gvimdiff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff2 b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff3 b/mergetools/gvimdiff3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/kdiff3 b/mergetools/kdiff3
index 28fead428b..793d1293b1 100644
--- a/mergetools/kdiff3
+++ b/mergetools/kdiff3
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	"$merge_tool_path" --auto \
+	"$merge_tool_path" \
 		--L1 "$MERGED (A)" --L2 "$MERGED (B)" \
 		"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
 }
@@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ merge_cmd () {
 			-o "$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
 		>/dev/null 2>&1
 	fi
-	status=$?
 }
diff --git a/mergetools/meld b/mergetools/meld
index eaa115ccb7..83ebdfb4c3 100644
--- a/mergetools/meld
+++ b/mergetools/meld
@@ -18,13 +18,18 @@ merge_cmd () {
 	check_unchanged
 }
 
-# Check whether 'meld --output <file>' is supported
+# Check whether we should use 'meld --output <file>'
 check_meld_for_output_version () {
 	meld_path="$(git config mergetool.meld.path)"
 	meld_path="${meld_path:-meld}"
 
-	if "$meld_path" --output /dev/null --help >/dev/null 2>&1
+	if meld_has_output_option=$(git config --bool mergetool.meld.hasOutput)
 	then
+		: use configured value
+	elif "$meld_path" --help 2>&1 |
+		grep -e '--output=' -e '\[OPTION\.\.\.\]' >/dev/null
+	then
+		: old ones mention --output and new ones just say OPTION...
 		meld_has_output_option=true
 	else
 		meld_has_output_option=false
diff --git a/mergetools/p4merge b/mergetools/p4merge
index 1a45c1b0c5..5a608abf9c 100644
--- a/mergetools/p4merge
+++ b/mergetools/p4merge
@@ -1,10 +1,38 @@
 diff_cmd () {
+	empty_file=
+
+	# p4merge does not like /dev/null
+	if test "/dev/null" = "$LOCAL"
+	then
+		LOCAL="$(create_empty_file)"
+	fi
+	if test "/dev/null" = "$REMOTE"
+	then
+		REMOTE="$(create_empty_file)"
+	fi
+
 	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+
+	if test -n "$empty_file"
+	then
+		rm -f "$empty_file"
+	fi
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
 	touch "$BACKUP"
-	$base_present || >"$BASE"
-	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+	if ! $base_present
+	then
+		cp -- "$LOCAL" "$BASE"
+		create_virtual_base "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+	fi
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" "$LOCAL" "$MERGED"
 	check_unchanged
 }
+
+create_empty_file () {
+	empty_file="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/git-difftool-p4merge-empty-file.$$"
+	>"$empty_file"
+
+	printf "%s" "$empty_file"
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/tortoisemerge b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
index ed7db495ed..3b89f1c82d 100644
--- a/mergetools/tortoisemerge
+++ b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
@@ -6,12 +6,29 @@ merge_cmd () {
 	if $base_present
 	then
 		touch "$BACKUP"
-		"$merge_tool_path" \
-			-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
-			-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		basename="$(basename "$merge_tool_path" .exe)"
+		if test "$basename" = "tortoisegitmerge"
+		then
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base "$BASE" -mine "$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs "$REMOTE" -merged "$MERGED"
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		fi
 		check_unchanged
 	else
-		echo "TortoiseMerge cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
+		echo "$merge_tool_path cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
 		return 1
 	fi
 }
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if type tortoisegitmerge >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		echo tortoisegitmerge
+	else
+		echo tortoisemerge
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/vim b/mergetools/vim
deleted file mode 100644
index 619594ae4b..0000000000
--- a/mergetools/vim
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-diff_cmd () {
-	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|vimdiff)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	gvimdiff2|vimdiff2)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	esac
-}
-
-merge_cmd () {
-	touch "$BACKUP"
-	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|vimdiff)
-		if $base_present
-		then
-			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'wincmd J' \
-				"$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
-		else
-			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'wincmd l' \
-				"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
-		fi
-		;;
-	gvimdiff2|vimdiff2)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'wincmd l' \
-			"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	esac
-	check_unchanged
-}
-
-translate_merge_tool_path() {
-	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|gvimdiff2)
-		echo gvim
-		;;
-	vimdiff|vimdiff2)
-		echo vim
-		;;
-	esac
-}
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff b/mergetools/vimdiff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74ea6d5479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
+		-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	touch "$BACKUP"
+	case "$1" in
+	gvimdiff|vimdiff)
+		if $base_present
+		then
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c '4wincmd w | wincmd J' \
+				"$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'wincmd l' \
+				"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	gvimdiff2|vimdiff2)
+		"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'wincmd l' \
+			"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+		;;
+	gvimdiff3|vimdiff3)
+		if $base_present
+		then
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'hid | hid | hid' \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$MERGED"
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'hid | hid' \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+	check_unchanged
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	case "$1" in
+	gvimdiff|gvimdiff2|gvimdiff3)
+		echo gvim
+		;;
+	vimdiff|vimdiff2|vimdiff3)
+		echo vim
+		;;
+	esac
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff2 b/mergetools/vimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff3 b/mergetools/vimdiff3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/winmerge b/mergetools/winmerge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3819d316a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/winmerge
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" -u -e "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+	return 0
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	# mergetool.winmerge.trustExitCode is implicitly false.
+	# touch $BACKUP so that we can check_unchanged.
+	touch "$BACKUP"
+	"$merge_tool_path" -u -e -dl Local -dr Remote \
+		"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+	check_unchanged
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	mergetool_find_win32_cmd "WinMergeU.exe" "WinMerge"
+}
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index d8d25c23e9..6d9f23e932 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -8,82 +8,108 @@
 #define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #include "cache.h"
 
-/*
- * This removes bit 5 if bit 6 is set.
- *
- * That will make US-ASCII characters hash to their upper-case
- * equivalent. We could easily do this one whole word at a time,
- * but that's for future worries.
- */
-static inline unsigned char icase_hash(unsigned char c)
+struct dir_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	struct dir_entry *parent;
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int namelen;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static int dir_entry_cmp(const struct dir_entry *e1,
+		const struct dir_entry *e2, const char *name)
 {
-	return c & ~((c & 0x40) >> 1);
+	return e1->namelen != e2->namelen || strncasecmp(e1->name,
+			name ? name : e2->name, e1->namelen);
 }
 
-static unsigned int hash_name(const char *name, int namelen)
+static struct dir_entry *find_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		const char *name, unsigned int namelen)
 {
-	unsigned int hash = 0x123;
-
-	do {
-		unsigned char c = *name++;
-		c = icase_hash(c);
-		hash = hash*101 + c;
-	} while (--namelen);
-	return hash;
+	struct dir_entry key;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, memihash(name, namelen));
+	key.namelen = namelen;
+	return hashmap_get(&istate->dir_hash, &key, name);
 }
 
-static void hash_index_entry_directories(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static struct dir_entry *hash_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		struct cache_entry *ce, int namelen)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Throw each directory component in the hash for quick lookup
-	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored with their
+	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored without their
 	 * closing slash.  Despite submodules being a directory, they never
-	 * reach this point, because they are stored without a closing slash
-	 * in the cache.
-	 *
-	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the directory does not
-	 * represent the directory itself.  It is a pointer to an existing
-	 * filename, and its only purpose is to represent existence of the
-	 * directory in the cache.  It is very possible multiple directory
-	 * hash entries may point to the same cache_entry.
+	 * reach this point, because they are stored
+	 * in index_state.name_hash (as ordinary cache_entries).
 	 */
-	unsigned int hash;
-	void **pos;
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	/* get length of parent directory */
+	while (namelen > 0 && !is_dir_sep(ce->name[namelen - 1]))
+		namelen--;
+	if (namelen <= 0)
+		return NULL;
+	namelen--;
+
+	/* lookup existing entry for that directory */
+	dir = find_dir_entry(istate, ce->name, namelen);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* not found, create it and add to hash table */
+		FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(dir, name, ce->name, namelen);
+		hashmap_entry_init(dir, memihash(ce->name, namelen));
+		dir->namelen = namelen;
+		hashmap_add(&istate->dir_hash, dir);
+
+		/* recursively add missing parent directories */
+		dir->parent = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, namelen);
+	}
+	return dir;
+}
 
-	const char *ptr = ce->name;
-	while (*ptr) {
-		while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
-			++ptr;
-		if (*ptr == '/') {
-			++ptr;
-			hash = hash_name(ce->name, ptr - ce->name);
-			pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
-			if (pos) {
-				ce->dir_next = *pos;
-				*pos = ce;
-			}
-		}
+static void add_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/* Add reference to the directory entry (and parents if 0). */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && !(dir->nr++))
+		dir = dir->parent;
+}
+
+static void remove_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Release reference to the directory entry. If 0, remove and continue
+	 * with parent directory.
+	 */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && !(--dir->nr)) {
+		struct dir_entry *parent = dir->parent;
+		hashmap_remove(&istate->dir_hash, dir, NULL);
+		free(dir);
+		dir = parent;
 	}
 }
 
 static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	void **pos;
-	unsigned int hash;
-
 	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_HASHED)
 		return;
 	ce->ce_flags |= CE_HASHED;
-	ce->next = ce->dir_next = NULL;
-	hash = hash_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
-	pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
-	if (pos) {
-		ce->next = *pos;
-		*pos = ce;
-	}
+	hashmap_entry_init(ce, memihash(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)));
+	hashmap_add(&istate->name_hash, ce);
 
 	if (ignore_case)
-		hash_index_entry_directories(istate, ce);
+		add_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+}
+
+static int cache_entry_cmp(const struct cache_entry *ce1,
+		const struct cache_entry *ce2, const void *remove)
+{
+	/*
+	 * For remove_name_hash, find the exact entry (pointer equality); for
+	 * index_file_exists, find all entries with matching hash code and
+	 * decide whether the entry matches in same_name.
+	 */
+	return remove ? !(ce1 == ce2) : 0;
 }
 
 static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
@@ -92,6 +118,9 @@ static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
 
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		return;
+	hashmap_init(&istate->name_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn) cache_entry_cmp,
+			istate->cache_nr);
+	hashmap_init(&istate->dir_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn) dir_entry_cmp, 0);
 	for (nr = 0; nr < istate->cache_nr; nr++)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, istate->cache[nr]);
 	istate->name_hash_initialized = 1;
@@ -99,11 +128,21 @@ static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
 
 void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UNHASHED;
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, ce);
 }
 
+void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	if (!istate->name_hash_initialized || !(ce->ce_flags & CE_HASHED))
+		return;
+	ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_HASHED;
+	hashmap_remove(&istate->name_hash, ce, ce);
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		remove_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+}
+
 static int slow_same_name(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2)
 {
 	if (len1 != len2)
@@ -131,60 +170,69 @@ static int same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, const char *name, int namelen
 	 * Always do exact compare, even if we want a case-ignoring comparison;
 	 * we do the quick exact one first, because it will be the common case.
 	 */
-	if (len == namelen && !cache_name_compare(name, namelen, ce->name, len))
+	if (len == namelen && !memcmp(name, ce->name, len))
 		return 1;
 
 	if (!icase)
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If the entry we're comparing is a filename (no trailing slash), then compare
-	 * the lengths exactly.
-	 */
-	if (name[namelen - 1] != '/')
-		return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
+	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * For a directory, we point to an arbitrary cache_entry filename.  Just
-	 * make sure the directory portion matches.
-	 */
-	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, namelen < len ? namelen : len);
+int index_dir_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	lazy_init_name_hash(istate);
+	dir = find_dir_entry(istate, name, namelen);
+	return dir && dir->nr;
 }
 
-struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
+void adjust_dirname_case(struct index_state *istate, char *name)
 {
-	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const char *startPtr = name;
+	const char *ptr = startPtr;
 
 	lazy_init_name_hash(istate);
-	ce = lookup_hash(hash, &istate->name_hash);
+	while (*ptr) {
+		while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
+			ptr++;
 
-	while (ce) {
-		if (!(ce->ce_flags & CE_UNHASHED)) {
-			if (same_name(ce, name, namelen, icase))
-				return ce;
+		if (*ptr == '/') {
+			struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+			ptr++;
+			dir = find_dir_entry(istate, name, ptr - name + 1);
+			if (dir) {
+				memcpy((void *)startPtr, dir->name + (startPtr - name), ptr - startPtr);
+				startPtr = ptr;
+			}
 		}
-		if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/')
-			ce = ce->dir_next;
-		else
-			ce = ce->next;
 	}
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * Might be a submodule.  Despite submodules being directories,
-	 * they are stored in the name hash without a closing slash.
-	 * When ignore_case is 1, directories are stored in the name hash
-	 * with their closing slash.
-	 *
-	 * The side effect of this storage technique is we have need to
-	 * remove the slash from name and perform the lookup again without
-	 * the slash.  If a match is made, S_ISGITLINK(ce->mode) will be
-	 * true.
-	 */
-	if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/') {
-		ce = index_name_exists(istate, name, namelen - 1, icase);
-		if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+struct cache_entry *index_file_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	lazy_init_name_hash(istate);
+
+	ce = hashmap_get_from_hash(&istate->name_hash,
+				   memihash(name, namelen), NULL);
+	while (ce) {
+		if (same_name(ce, name, namelen, icase))
 			return ce;
+		ce = hashmap_get_next(&istate->name_hash, ce);
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
+
+void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (!istate->name_hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
+
+	hashmap_free(&istate->name_hash, 0);
+	hashmap_free(&istate->dir_hash, 1);
+}
diff --git a/notes-cache.c b/notes-cache.c
index bea013eeae..5dfc5cbd08 100644
--- a/notes-cache.c
+++ b/notes-cache.c
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ void notes_cache_init(struct notes_cache *c, const char *name,
 		     const char *validity)
 {
 	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int flags = 0;
+	int flags = NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE;
 
 	memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
 	c->validity = xstrdup(validity);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&ref, "refs/notes/%s", name);
 	if (!notes_cache_match_validity(ref.buf, validity))
-		flags = NOTES_INIT_EMPTY;
+		flags |= NOTES_INIT_EMPTY;
 	init_notes(&c->tree, ref.buf, combine_notes_overwrite, flags);
 	strbuf_release(&ref);
 }
@@ -48,21 +48,20 @@ int notes_cache_write(struct notes_cache *c)
 {
 	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
 	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
-	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (!c || !c->tree.initialized || !c->tree.ref || !*c->tree.ref)
+	if (!c || !c->tree.initialized || !c->tree.update_ref ||
+	    !*c->tree.update_ref)
 		return -1;
 	if (!c->tree.dirty)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (write_notes_tree(&c->tree, tree_sha1))
 		return -1;
-	strbuf_attach(&msg, c->validity,
-		      strlen(c->validity), strlen(c->validity) + 1);
-	if (commit_tree(&msg, tree_sha1, NULL, commit_sha1, NULL) < 0)
+	if (commit_tree(c->validity, strlen(c->validity), tree_sha1, NULL,
+			commit_sha1, NULL, NULL) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	if (update_ref("update notes cache", c->tree.ref, commit_sha1, NULL,
-		       0, QUIET_ON_ERR) < 0)
+	if (update_ref("update notes cache", c->tree.update_ref, commit_sha1,
+		       NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_QUIET_ON_ERR) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/notes-merge.c b/notes-merge.c
index 0d38a1b17d..b7814c9b64 100644
--- a/notes-merge.c
+++ b/notes-merge.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "notes.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
 
 struct notes_merge_pair {
 	unsigned char obj[20], base[20], local[20], remote[20];
@@ -126,8 +127,7 @@ static struct notes_merge_pair *diff_tree_remote(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	diff_setup(&opt);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, RECURSIVE);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&opt);
 	diff_tree_sha1(base, remote, "", &opt);
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ static struct notes_merge_pair *diff_tree_remote(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		       sha1_to_hex(mp->remote));
 	}
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	clear_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 
 	*num_changes = len;
 	return changes;
@@ -190,8 +190,7 @@ static void diff_tree_local(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	diff_setup(&opt);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, RECURSIVE);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&opt);
 	diff_tree_sha1(base, local, "", &opt);
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ static void diff_tree_local(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		       sha1_to_hex(mp->local));
 	}
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	clear_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 }
 
 static void check_notes_merge_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o)
@@ -267,7 +266,8 @@ static void check_notes_merge_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 		 * Must establish NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE.
 		 * Abort if NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE already exists
 		 */
-		if (file_exists(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE))) {
+		if (file_exists(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE)) &&
+		    !is_empty_dir(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE))) {
 			if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 				die("You have not concluded your previous "
 				    "notes merge (%s exists).\nPlease, use "
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ static void check_notes_merge_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 				    "(%s exists).", git_path("NOTES_MERGE_*"));
 		}
 
-		if (safe_create_leading_directories(git_path(
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(git_path(
 				NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "/.test")))
 			die_errno("unable to create directory %s",
 				  git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
@@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ static void write_buf_to_worktree(const unsigned char *obj,
 				  const char *buf, unsigned long size)
 {
 	int fd;
-	char *path = git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "/%s", sha1_to_hex(obj));
-	if (safe_create_leading_directories(path))
+	char *path = git_pathdup(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "/%s", sha1_to_hex(obj));
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(path))
 		die_errno("unable to create directory for '%s'", path);
 	if (file_exists(path))
 		die("found existing file at '%s'", path);
@@ -320,6 +320,7 @@ static void write_buf_to_worktree(const unsigned char *obj,
 	}
 
 	close(fd);
+	free(path);
 }
 
 static void write_note_to_worktree(const unsigned char *obj,
@@ -523,38 +524,14 @@ static int merge_from_diffs(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	free(changes);
 
 	if (o->verbosity >= 4)
-		printf("Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a %s notes tree\n",
-			conflicts, t->dirty ? "dirty" : "clean");
+		printf(t->dirty ?
+		       "Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a dirty notes tree\n" :
+		       "Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a clean notes tree\n",
+		       conflicts);
 
 	return conflicts ? -1 : 1;
 }
 
-void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
-			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1)
-{
-	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-
-	assert(t->initialized);
-
-	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
-		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
-
-	if (!parents) {
-		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
-		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
-		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
-			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
-			if (!parent || parse_commit(parent))
-				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
-			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
-		}
-		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
-	}
-
-	if (commit_tree(msg, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL))
-		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
-}
-
 int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		struct notes_tree *local_tree,
 		unsigned char *result_sha1)
@@ -573,7 +550,7 @@ int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	       o->local_ref, o->remote_ref);
 
 	/* Dereference o->local_ref into local_sha1 */
-	if (read_ref_full(o->local_ref, local_sha1, 0, NULL))
+	if (read_ref_full(o->local_ref, 0, local_sha1, NULL))
 		die("Failed to resolve local notes ref '%s'", o->local_ref);
 	else if (!check_refname_format(o->local_ref, 0) &&
 		is_null_sha1(local_sha1))
@@ -618,22 +595,22 @@ int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	assert(local && remote);
 
 	/* Find merge bases */
-	bases = get_merge_bases(local, remote, 1);
+	bases = get_merge_bases(local, remote);
 	if (!bases) {
 		base_sha1 = null_sha1;
 		base_tree_sha1 = EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN;
 		if (o->verbosity >= 4)
 			printf("No merge base found; doing history-less merge\n");
 	} else if (!bases->next) {
-		base_sha1 = bases->item->object.sha1;
-		base_tree_sha1 = bases->item->tree->object.sha1;
+		base_sha1 = bases->item->object.oid.hash;
+		base_tree_sha1 = bases->item->tree->object.oid.hash;
 		if (o->verbosity >= 4)
 			printf("One merge base found (%.7s)\n",
 				sha1_to_hex(base_sha1));
 	} else {
 		/* TODO: How to handle multiple merge-bases? */
-		base_sha1 = bases->item->object.sha1;
-		base_tree_sha1 = bases->item->tree->object.sha1;
+		base_sha1 = bases->item->object.oid.hash;
+		base_tree_sha1 = bases->item->tree->object.oid.hash;
 		if (o->verbosity >= 3)
 			printf("Multiple merge bases found. Using the first "
 				"(%.7s)\n", sha1_to_hex(base_sha1));
@@ -641,34 +618,35 @@ int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 
 	if (o->verbosity >= 4)
 		printf("Merging remote commit %.7s into local commit %.7s with "
-			"merge-base %.7s\n", sha1_to_hex(remote->object.sha1),
-			sha1_to_hex(local->object.sha1),
+			"merge-base %.7s\n", oid_to_hex(&remote->object.oid),
+			oid_to_hex(&local->object.oid),
 			sha1_to_hex(base_sha1));
 
-	if (!hashcmp(remote->object.sha1, base_sha1)) {
+	if (!hashcmp(remote->object.oid.hash, base_sha1)) {
 		/* Already merged; result == local commit */
 		if (o->verbosity >= 2)
 			printf("Already up-to-date!\n");
-		hashcpy(result_sha1, local->object.sha1);
+		hashcpy(result_sha1, local->object.oid.hash);
 		goto found_result;
 	}
-	if (!hashcmp(local->object.sha1, base_sha1)) {
+	if (!hashcmp(local->object.oid.hash, base_sha1)) {
 		/* Fast-forward; result == remote commit */
 		if (o->verbosity >= 2)
 			printf("Fast-forward\n");
-		hashcpy(result_sha1, remote->object.sha1);
+		hashcpy(result_sha1, remote->object.oid.hash);
 		goto found_result;
 	}
 
-	result = merge_from_diffs(o, base_tree_sha1, local->tree->object.sha1,
-				  remote->tree->object.sha1, local_tree);
+	result = merge_from_diffs(o, base_tree_sha1, local->tree->object.oid.hash,
+				  remote->tree->object.oid.hash, local_tree);
 
 	if (result != 0) { /* non-trivial merge (with or without conflicts) */
 		/* Commit (partial) result */
 		struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
 		commit_list_insert(remote, &parents); /* LIFO order */
 		commit_list_insert(local, &parents);
-		create_notes_commit(local_tree, parents, &o->commit_msg,
+		create_notes_commit(local_tree, parents,
+				    o->commit_msg.buf, o->commit_msg.len,
 				    result_sha1);
 	}
 
@@ -687,73 +665,87 @@ int notes_merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 {
 	/*
 	 * Iterate through files in .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE and add all
-	 * found notes to 'partial_tree'. Write the updates notes tree to
+	 * found notes to 'partial_tree'. Write the updated notes tree to
 	 * the DB, and commit the resulting tree object while reusing the
 	 * commit message and parents from 'partial_commit'.
 	 * Finally store the new commit object SHA1 into 'result_sha1'.
 	 */
-	struct dir_struct dir;
-	char *path = xstrdup(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "/"));
-	int path_len = strlen(path), i;
-	char *msg = strstr(partial_commit->buffer, "\n\n");
-	struct strbuf sb_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(partial_commit, NULL);
+	const char *msg = strstr(buffer, "\n\n");
+	int baselen;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
 	if (o->verbosity >= 3)
-		printf("Committing notes in notes merge worktree at %.*s\n",
-			path_len - 1, path);
+		printf("Committing notes in notes merge worktree at %s\n",
+			path.buf);
 
 	if (!msg || msg[2] == '\0')
 		die("partial notes commit has empty message");
 	msg += 2;
 
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
-	read_directory(&dir, path, path_len, NULL);
-	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
+	dir = opendir(path.buf);
+	if (!dir)
+		die_errno("could not open %s", path.buf);
+
+	strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+	baselen = path.len;
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 		struct stat st;
-		const char *relpath = ent->name + path_len;
 		unsigned char obj_sha1[20], blob_sha1[20];
 
-		if (ent->len - path_len != 40 || get_sha1_hex(relpath, obj_sha1)) {
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (strlen(e->d_name) != 40 || get_sha1_hex(e->d_name, obj_sha1)) {
 			if (o->verbosity >= 3)
-				printf("Skipping non-SHA1 entry '%s'\n",
-								ent->name);
+				printf("Skipping non-SHA1 entry '%s%s'\n",
+					path.buf, e->d_name);
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, e->d_name);
 		/* write file as blob, and add to partial_tree */
-		if (stat(ent->name, &st))
-			die_errno("Failed to stat '%s'", ent->name);
-		if (index_path(blob_sha1, ent->name, &st, HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
-			die("Failed to write blob object from '%s'", ent->name);
+		if (stat(path.buf, &st))
+			die_errno("Failed to stat '%s'", path.buf);
+		if (index_path(blob_sha1, path.buf, &st, HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
+			die("Failed to write blob object from '%s'", path.buf);
 		if (add_note(partial_tree, obj_sha1, blob_sha1, NULL))
 			die("Failed to add resolved note '%s' to notes tree",
-			    ent->name);
+			    path.buf);
 		if (o->verbosity >= 4)
 			printf("Added resolved note for object %s: %s\n",
 				sha1_to_hex(obj_sha1), sha1_to_hex(blob_sha1));
+		strbuf_setlen(&path, baselen);
 	}
 
-	strbuf_attach(&sb_msg, msg, strlen(msg), strlen(msg) + 1);
-	create_notes_commit(partial_tree, partial_commit->parents, &sb_msg,
-			    result_sha1);
+	create_notes_commit(partial_tree, partial_commit->parents,
+			    msg, strlen(msg), result_sha1);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(partial_commit, buffer);
 	if (o->verbosity >= 4)
 		printf("Finalized notes merge commit: %s\n",
 			sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-	free(path);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	closedir(dir);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 int notes_merge_abort(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 {
-	/* Remove .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE directory and all files within */
+	/*
+	 * Remove all files within .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE. We do not remove
+	 * the .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE directory itself, since it might be
+	 * the current working directory of the user.
+	 */
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret;
 
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
 	if (o->verbosity >= 3)
-		printf("Removing notes merge worktree at %s\n", buf.buf);
-	ret = remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0);
+		printf("Removing notes merge worktree at %s/*\n", buf.buf);
+	ret = remove_dir_recursively(&buf, REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/notes-merge.h b/notes-merge.h
index 0c11b173a1..0d890563b5 100644
--- a/notes-merge.h
+++ b/notes-merge.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef NOTES_MERGE_H
 #define NOTES_MERGE_H
 
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+
 #define NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE"
 
 enum notes_merge_verbosity {
@@ -13,33 +15,13 @@ struct notes_merge_options {
 	const char *remote_ref;
 	struct strbuf commit_msg;
 	int verbosity;
-	enum {
-		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_MANUAL = 0,
-		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_OURS,
-		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_THEIRS,
-		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_UNION,
-		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_CAT_SORT_UNIQ
-	} strategy;
+	enum notes_merge_strategy strategy;
 	unsigned has_worktree:1;
 };
 
 void init_notes_merge_options(struct notes_merge_options *o);
 
 /*
- * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
- *
- * Properties of the created commit:
- * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
- * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
- * - author/committer: the default determined by commmit_tree().
- * - commit message: msg
- *
- * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
- */
-void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
-			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1);
-
-/*
  * Merge notes from o->remote_ref into o->local_ref
  *
  * The given notes_tree 'local_tree' must be the notes_tree referenced by the
diff --git a/notes-utils.c b/notes-utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24a33616a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+			 unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+
+	assert(t->initialized);
+
+	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
+		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
+
+	if (!parents) {
+		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
+		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
+		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
+			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
+			if (parse_commit(parent))
+				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
+			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
+		}
+		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
+	}
+
+	if (commit_tree(msg, msg_len, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL, NULL))
+		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
+}
+
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+
+	if (!t)
+		t = &default_notes_tree;
+	if (!t->initialized || !t->update_ref || !*t->update_ref)
+		die(_("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"));
+	if (!t->dirty)
+		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
+
+	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, msg);
+	strbuf_complete_line(&buf);
+
+	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, buf.buf, buf.len, commit_sha1);
+	strbuf_insert(&buf, 0, "notes: ", 7); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
+	update_ref(buf.buf, t->update_ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0,
+		   UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+int parse_notes_merge_strategy(const char *v, enum notes_merge_strategy *s)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(v, "manual"))
+		*s = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_MANUAL;
+	else if (!strcmp(v, "ours"))
+		*s = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_OURS;
+	else if (!strcmp(v, "theirs"))
+		*s = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_THEIRS;
+	else if (!strcmp(v, "union"))
+		*s = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_UNION;
+	else if (!strcmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
+		*s = NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_CAT_SORT_UNIQ;
+	else
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
+		return combine_notes_overwrite;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "ignore"))
+		return combine_notes_ignore;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
+		return combine_notes_concatenate;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
+		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
+	else
+		return NULL;
+}
+
+static int notes_rewrite_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = cb;
+	if (starts_with(k, "notes.rewrite.") && !strcmp(k+14, c->cmd)) {
+		c->enabled = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!c->mode_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewritemode")) {
+		if (!v)
+			return config_error_nonbool(k);
+		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(v);
+		if (!c->combine) {
+			error(_("Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"), v);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!c->refs_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewriteref")) {
+		/* note that a refs/ prefix is implied in the
+		 * underlying for_each_glob_ref */
+		if (starts_with(v, "refs/notes/"))
+			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(c->refs, v);
+		else
+			warning(_("Refusing to rewrite notes in %s"
+				" (outside of refs/notes/)"), v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct notes_rewrite_cfg));
+	const char *rewrite_mode_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	const char *rewrite_refs_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
+	c->cmd = cmd;
+	c->enabled = 1;
+	c->combine = combine_notes_concatenate;
+	c->refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	c->refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+	c->refs_from_env = 0;
+	c->mode_from_env = 0;
+	if (rewrite_mode_env) {
+		c->mode_from_env = 1;
+		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(rewrite_mode_env);
+		if (!c->combine)
+			/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+			   environment variable, the second %s is its value */
+			error(_("Bad %s value: '%s'"), GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT,
+					rewrite_mode_env);
+	}
+	if (rewrite_refs_env) {
+		c->refs_from_env = 1;
+		string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(c->refs, rewrite_refs_env);
+	}
+	git_config(notes_rewrite_config, c);
+	if (!c->enabled || !c->refs->nr) {
+		string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
+		free(c->refs);
+		free(c);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	c->trees = load_notes_trees(c->refs, NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE);
+	string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
+	free(c->refs);
+	return c;
+}
+
+int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
+			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++)
+		ret = copy_note(c->trees[i], from_obj, to_obj, 1, c->combine) || ret;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c, const char *msg)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++) {
+		commit_notes(c->trees[i], msg);
+		free_notes(c->trees[i]);
+	}
+	free(c->trees);
+	free(c);
+}
diff --git a/notes-utils.h b/notes-utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa538e1d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#ifndef NOTES_UTILS_H
+#define NOTES_UTILS_H
+
+#include "notes.h"
+
+/*
+ * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
+ *
+ * Properties of the created commit:
+ * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
+ * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
+ * - author/committer: the default determined by commit_tree().
+ * - commit message: msg
+ *
+ * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
+ */
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const char *msg, size_t msg_len, unsigned char *result_sha1);
+
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
+
+enum notes_merge_strategy {
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_MANUAL = 0,
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_OURS,
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_THEIRS,
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_UNION,
+		NOTES_MERGE_RESOLVE_CAT_SORT_UNIQ
+};
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
+	struct notes_tree **trees;
+	const char *cmd;
+	int enabled;
+	combine_notes_fn combine;
+	struct string_list *refs;
+	int refs_from_env;
+	int mode_from_env;
+};
+
+int parse_notes_merge_strategy(const char *v, enum notes_merge_strategy *s);
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
+int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
+			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
+void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c, const char *msg);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
index 93e9868d5d..df4660fe62 100644
--- a/notes.c
+++ b/notes.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ struct non_note {
 
 struct notes_tree default_notes_tree;
 
-static struct string_list display_notes_refs;
+static struct string_list display_notes_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 static struct notes_tree **display_notes_trees;
 
 static void load_subtree(struct notes_tree *t, struct leaf_node *subtree,
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ static int note_tree_insert(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
 		free(entry);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	new_node = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
+	new_node = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct int_node));
 	ret = note_tree_insert(t, new_node, n + 1, l, GET_PTR_TYPE(*p),
 			       combine_notes);
 	if (ret)
@@ -362,13 +362,14 @@ static int non_note_cmp(const struct non_note *a, const struct non_note *b)
 	return strcmp(a->path, b->path);
 }
 
-static void add_non_note(struct notes_tree *t, const char *path,
+/* note: takes ownership of path string */
+static void add_non_note(struct notes_tree *t, char *path,
 		unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct non_note *p = t->prev_non_note, *n;
 	n = (struct non_note *) xmalloc(sizeof(struct non_note));
 	n->next = NULL;
-	n->path = xstrdup(path);
+	n->path = path;
 	n->mode = mode;
 	hashcpy(n->sha1, sha1);
 	t->prev_non_note = n;
@@ -443,9 +444,9 @@ static void load_subtree(struct notes_tree *t, struct leaf_node *subtree,
 		if (len <= 20) {
 			type = PTR_TYPE_NOTE;
 			l = (struct leaf_node *)
-				xcalloc(sizeof(struct leaf_node), 1);
+				xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct leaf_node));
 			hashcpy(l->key_sha1, object_sha1);
-			hashcpy(l->val_sha1, entry.sha1);
+			hashcpy(l->val_sha1, entry.oid->hash);
 			if (len < 20) {
 				if (!S_ISDIR(entry.mode) || path_len != 2)
 					goto handle_non_note; /* not subtree */
@@ -482,17 +483,17 @@ handle_non_note:
 		 * component.
 		 */
 		{
-			char non_note_path[PATH_MAX];
-			char *p = non_note_path;
+			struct strbuf non_note_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 			const char *q = sha1_to_hex(subtree->key_sha1);
 			int i;
 			for (i = 0; i < prefix_len; i++) {
-				*p++ = *q++;
-				*p++ = *q++;
-				*p++ = '/';
+				strbuf_addch(&non_note_path, *q++);
+				strbuf_addch(&non_note_path, *q++);
+				strbuf_addch(&non_note_path, '/');
 			}
-			strcpy(p, entry.path);
-			add_non_note(t, non_note_path, entry.mode, entry.sha1);
+			strbuf_addstr(&non_note_path, entry.path);
+			add_non_note(t, strbuf_detach(&non_note_path, NULL),
+				     entry.mode, entry.oid->hash);
 		}
 	}
 	free(buf);
@@ -538,6 +539,9 @@ static unsigned char determine_fanout(struct int_node *tree, unsigned char n,
 	return fanout + 1;
 }
 
+/* hex SHA1 + 19 * '/' + NUL */
+#define FANOUT_PATH_MAX 40 + 19 + 1
+
 static void construct_path_with_fanout(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		unsigned char fanout, char *path)
 {
@@ -550,7 +554,7 @@ static void construct_path_with_fanout(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		path[i++] = '/';
 		fanout--;
 	}
-	strcpy(path + i, hex_sha1 + j);
+	xsnprintf(path + i, FANOUT_PATH_MAX - i, "%s", hex_sha1 + j);
 }
 
 static int for_each_note_helper(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
@@ -561,7 +565,7 @@ static int for_each_note_helper(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
 	void *p;
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct leaf_node *l;
-	static char path[40 + 19 + 1];  /* hex SHA1 + 19 * '/' + NUL */
+	static char path[FANOUT_PATH_MAX];
 
 	fanout = determine_fanout(tree, n, fanout);
 	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
@@ -594,7 +598,7 @@ redo:
 				/* invoke callback with subtree */
 				unsigned int path_len =
 					l->key_sha1[19] * 2 + fanout;
-				assert(path_len < 40 + 19);
+				assert(path_len < FANOUT_PATH_MAX - 1);
 				construct_path_with_fanout(l->key_sha1, fanout,
 							   path);
 				/* Create trailing slash, if needed */
@@ -848,15 +852,16 @@ int combine_notes_ignore(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *sort_uniq_list,
+/*
+ * Add the lines from the named object to list, with trailing
+ * newlines removed.
+ */
+static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *list,
 				      const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	char *data;
 	unsigned long len;
 	enum object_type t;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines = NULL;
-	int i, list_index;
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return 0;
@@ -868,24 +873,14 @@ static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *sort_uniq_list,
 		return t != OBJ_BLOB || !data;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, data, len, len + 1);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-
-	for (i = 0; lines[i]; i++) {
-		if (lines[i]->buf[lines[i]->len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(lines[i], lines[i]->len - 1);
-		if (!lines[i]->len)
-			continue; /* skip empty lines */
-		list_index = string_list_find_insert_index(sort_uniq_list,
-							   lines[i]->buf, 0);
-		if (list_index < 0)
-			continue; /* skip duplicate lines */
-		string_list_insert_at_index(sort_uniq_list, list_index,
-					    lines[i]->buf);
-	}
-
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	/*
+	 * If the last line of the file is EOL-terminated, this will
+	 * add an empty string to the list.  But it will be removed
+	 * later, along with any empty strings that came from empty
+	 * lines within the file.
+	 */
+	string_list_split(list, data, '\n', -1);
+	free(data);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -901,7 +896,7 @@ static int string_list_join_lines_helper(struct string_list_item *item,
 int combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *new_sha1)
 {
-	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = 1;
 
@@ -910,6 +905,9 @@ int combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
 		goto out;
 	if (string_list_add_note_lines(&sort_uniq_list, new_sha1))
 		goto out;
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
+	string_list_sort(&sort_uniq_list);
+	string_list_remove_duplicates(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
 
 	/* create a new blob object from sort_uniq_list */
 	if (for_each_string_list(&sort_uniq_list,
@@ -924,17 +922,21 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
 				   int flag, void *cb)
 {
 	struct string_list *refs = cb;
-	if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, path))
-		string_list_append(refs, path);
+	if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, refname))
+		string_list_append(refs, refname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * The list argument must have strdup_strings set on it.
+ */
 void string_list_add_refs_by_glob(struct string_list *list, const char *glob)
 {
+	assert(list->strdup_strings);
 	if (has_glob_specials(glob)) {
 		for_each_glob_ref(string_list_add_one_ref, glob, list);
 	} else {
@@ -949,23 +951,18 @@ void string_list_add_refs_by_glob(struct string_list *list, const char *glob)
 void string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(struct string_list *list,
 					 const char *globs)
 {
-	struct strbuf globbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **split;
+	struct string_list split = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	char *globs_copy = xstrdup(globs);
 	int i;
 
-	strbuf_addstr(&globbuf, globs);
-	split = strbuf_split(&globbuf, ':');
+	string_list_split_in_place(&split, globs_copy, ':', -1);
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&split, 0);
 
-	for (i = 0; split[i]; i++) {
-		if (!split[i]->len)
-			continue;
-		if (split[i]->buf[split[i]->len-1] == ':')
-			strbuf_setlen(split[i], split[i]->len-1);
-		string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split[i]->buf);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < split.nr; i++)
+		string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split.items[i].string);
 
-	strbuf_list_free(split);
-	strbuf_release(&globbuf);
+	string_list_clear(&split, 0);
+	free(globs_copy);
 }
 
 static int notes_display_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
@@ -1010,17 +1007,20 @@ void init_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *notes_ref,
 	if (!combine_notes)
 		combine_notes = combine_notes_concatenate;
 
-	t->root = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
+	t->root = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct int_node));
 	t->first_non_note = NULL;
 	t->prev_non_note = NULL;
-	t->ref = notes_ref ? xstrdup(notes_ref) : NULL;
+	t->ref = xstrdup_or_null(notes_ref);
+	t->update_ref = (flags & NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE) ? t->ref : NULL;
 	t->combine_notes = combine_notes;
 	t->initialized = 1;
 	t->dirty = 0;
 
 	if (flags & NOTES_INIT_EMPTY || !notes_ref ||
-	    read_ref(notes_ref, object_sha1))
+	    get_sha1_treeish(notes_ref, object_sha1))
 		return;
+	if (flags & NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE && read_ref(notes_ref, object_sha1))
+		die("Cannot use notes ref %s", notes_ref);
 	if (get_tree_entry(object_sha1, "", sha1, &mode))
 		die("Failed to read notes tree referenced by %s (%s)",
 		    notes_ref, sha1_to_hex(object_sha1));
@@ -1030,15 +1030,15 @@ void init_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *notes_ref,
 	load_subtree(t, &root_tree, t->root, 0);
 }
 
-struct notes_tree **load_notes_trees(struct string_list *refs)
+struct notes_tree **load_notes_trees(struct string_list *refs, int flags)
 {
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	int counter = 0;
 	struct notes_tree **trees;
-	trees = xmalloc((refs->nr+1) * sizeof(struct notes_tree *));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(trees, refs->nr + 1);
 	for_each_string_list_item(item, refs) {
 		struct notes_tree *t = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
-		init_notes(t, item->string, combine_notes_ignore, 0);
+		init_notes(t, item->string, combine_notes_ignore, flags);
 		trees[counter++] = t;
 	}
 	trees[counter] = NULL;
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ void init_display_notes(struct display_notes_opt *opt)
 						     item->string);
 	}
 
-	display_notes_trees = load_notes_trees(&display_notes_refs);
+	display_notes_trees = load_notes_trees(&display_notes_refs, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&display_notes_refs, 0);
 }
 
@@ -1196,8 +1196,19 @@ void free_notes(struct notes_tree *t)
 	memset(t, 0, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
 }
 
-void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-		struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+/*
+ * Fill the given strbuf with the notes associated with the given object.
+ *
+ * If the given notes_tree structure is not initialized, it will be auto-
+ * initialized to the default value (see documentation for init_notes() above).
+ * If the given notes_tree is NULL, the internal/default notes_tree will be
+ * used instead.
+ *
+ * (raw != 0) gives the %N userformat; otherwise, the note message is given
+ * for human consumption.
+ */
+static void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+			struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw)
 {
 	static const char utf8[] = "utf-8";
 	const unsigned char *sha1;
@@ -1214,14 +1225,13 @@ void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 	if (!sha1)
 		return;
 
-	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &msglen)) || !msglen ||
-			type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &msglen)) || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(msg);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if (output_encoding && *output_encoding &&
-			strcmp(utf8, output_encoding)) {
+	    !is_encoding_utf8(output_encoding)) {
 		char *reencoded = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, utf8);
 		if (reencoded) {
 			free(msg);
@@ -1234,14 +1244,14 @@ void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 	if (msglen && msg[msglen - 1] == '\n')
 		msglen--;
 
-	if (flags & NOTES_SHOW_HEADER) {
+	if (!raw) {
 		const char *ref = t->ref;
 		if (!ref || !strcmp(ref, GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF)) {
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\nNotes:\n");
 		} else {
-			if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/"))
+			if (starts_with(ref, "refs/"))
 				ref += 5;
-			if (!prefixcmp(ref, "notes/"))
+			if (starts_with(ref, "notes/"))
 				ref += 6;
 			strbuf_addf(sb, "\nNotes (%s):\n", ref);
 		}
@@ -1250,7 +1260,7 @@ void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 	for (msg_p = msg; msg_p < msg + msglen; msg_p += linelen + 1) {
 		linelen = strchrnul(msg_p, '\n') - msg_p;
 
-		if (flags & NOTES_INDENT)
+		if (!raw)
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, "    ");
 		strbuf_add(sb, msg_p, linelen);
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
@@ -1260,13 +1270,13 @@ void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 }
 
 void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw)
 {
 	int i;
 	assert(display_notes_trees);
 	for (i = 0; display_notes_trees[i]; i++)
 		format_note(display_notes_trees[i], object_sha1, sb,
-			    output_encoding, flags);
+			    output_encoding, raw);
 }
 
 int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
@@ -1289,10 +1299,20 @@ int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
 
 void expand_notes_ref(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(sb->buf, "refs/notes/"))
+	if (starts_with(sb->buf, "refs/notes/"))
 		return; /* we're happy */
-	else if (!prefixcmp(sb->buf, "notes/"))
+	else if (starts_with(sb->buf, "notes/"))
 		strbuf_insert(sb, 0, "refs/", 5);
 	else
 		strbuf_insert(sb, 0, "refs/notes/", 11);
 }
+
+void expand_loose_notes_ref(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	unsigned char object[20];
+
+	if (get_sha1(sb->buf, object)) {
+		/* fallback to expand_notes_ref */
+		expand_notes_ref(sb);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/notes.h b/notes.h
index c716694b9e..5345642cfd 100644
--- a/notes.h
+++ b/notes.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ extern struct notes_tree {
 	struct int_node *root;
 	struct non_note *first_non_note, *prev_non_note;
 	char *ref;
+	char *update_ref;
 	combine_notes_fn combine_notes;
 	int initialized;
 	int dirty;
@@ -72,12 +73,19 @@ const char *default_notes_ref(void);
 #define NOTES_INIT_EMPTY 1
 
 /*
+ * By default, the notes tree is only readable, and the notes ref can be
+ * any treeish. The notes tree can however be made writable with this flag,
+ * in which case only strict ref names can be used.
+ */
+#define NOTES_INIT_WRITABLE 2
+
+/*
  * Initialize the given notes_tree with the notes tree structure at the given
  * ref. If given ref is NULL, the value of the $GIT_NOTES_REF environment
  * variable is used, and if that is missing, the default notes ref is used
  * ("refs/notes/commits").
  *
- * If you need to re-intialize a notes_tree structure (e.g. when switching from
+ * If you need to re-initialize a notes_tree structure (e.g. when switching from
  * one notes ref to another), you must first de-initialize the notes_tree
  * structure by calling free_notes(struct notes_tree *).
  *
@@ -237,24 +245,6 @@ void prune_notes(struct notes_tree *t, int flags);
  */
 void free_notes(struct notes_tree *t);
 
-/* Flags controlling how notes are formatted */
-#define NOTES_SHOW_HEADER 1
-#define NOTES_INDENT 2
-
-/*
- * Fill the given strbuf with the notes associated with the given object.
- *
- * If the given notes_tree structure is not initialized, it will be auto-
- * initialized to the default value (see documentation for init_notes() above).
- * If the given notes_tree is NULL, the internal/default notes_tree will be
- * used instead.
- *
- * 'flags' is a bitwise combination of the above formatting flags.
- */
-void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-		struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags);
-
-
 struct string_list;
 
 struct display_notes_opt {
@@ -288,13 +278,13 @@ void init_display_notes(struct display_notes_opt *opt);
  * You *must* call init_display_notes() before using this function.
  */
 void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags);
+			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw);
 
 /*
  * Load the notes tree from each ref listed in 'refs'.  The output is
  * an array of notes_tree*, terminated by a NULL.
  */
-struct notes_tree **load_notes_trees(struct string_list *refs);
+struct notes_tree **load_notes_trees(struct string_list *refs, int flags);
 
 /*
  * Add all refs that match 'glob' to the 'list'.
@@ -312,4 +302,11 @@ void string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(struct string_list *list,
 /* Expand inplace a note ref like "foo" or "notes/foo" into "refs/notes/foo" */
 void expand_notes_ref(struct strbuf *sb);
 
+/*
+ * Similar to expand_notes_ref, but will check whether the ref can be located
+ * via get_sha1 first, and only falls back to expand_notes_ref in the case
+ * where get_sha1 fails.
+ */
+void expand_loose_notes_ref(struct strbuf *sb);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index d8d09f92aa..67d9a9e221 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -33,26 +33,42 @@ const char *typename(unsigned int type)
 	return object_type_strings[type];
 }
 
-int type_from_string(const char *str)
+int type_from_string_gently(const char *str, ssize_t len, int gentle)
 {
 	int i;
 
+	if (len < 0)
+		len = strlen(str);
+
 	for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(object_type_strings); i++)
-		if (!strcmp(str, object_type_strings[i]))
+		if (!strncmp(str, object_type_strings[i], len) &&
+		    object_type_strings[i][len] == '\0')
 			return i;
+
+	if (gentle)
+		return -1;
+
 	die("invalid object type \"%s\"", str);
 }
 
-static unsigned int hash_obj(struct object *obj, unsigned int n)
+/*
+ * Return a numerical hash value between 0 and n-1 for the object with
+ * the specified sha1.  n must be a power of 2.  Please note that the
+ * return value is *not* consistent across computer architectures.
+ */
+static unsigned int hash_obj(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int n)
 {
-	unsigned int hash;
-	memcpy(&hash, obj->sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return hash % n;
+	return sha1hash(sha1) & (n - 1);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Insert obj into the hash table hash, which has length size (which
+ * must be a power of 2).  On collisions, simply overflow to the next
+ * empty bucket.
+ */
 static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned int size)
 {
-	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj, size);
+	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj->oid.hash, size);
 
 	while (hash[j]) {
 		j++;
@@ -62,35 +78,51 @@ static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned i
 	hash[j] = obj;
 }
 
-static unsigned int hashtable_index(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	memcpy(&i, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return i % obj_hash_size;
-}
-
+/*
+ * Look up the record for the given sha1 in the hash map stored in
+ * obj_hash.  Return NULL if it was not found.
+ */
 struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int i, first;
 	struct object *obj;
 
 	if (!obj_hash)
 		return NULL;
 
-	i = hashtable_index(sha1);
+	first = i = hash_obj(sha1, obj_hash_size);
 	while ((obj = obj_hash[i]) != NULL) {
-		if (!hashcmp(sha1, obj->sha1))
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, obj->oid.hash))
 			break;
 		i++;
 		if (i == obj_hash_size)
 			i = 0;
 	}
+	if (obj && i != first) {
+		/*
+		 * Move object to where we started to look for it so
+		 * that we do not need to walk the hash table the next
+		 * time we look for it.
+		 */
+		struct object *tmp = obj_hash[i];
+		obj_hash[i] = obj_hash[first];
+		obj_hash[first] = tmp;
+	}
 	return obj;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Increase the size of the hash map stored in obj_hash to the next
+ * power of 2 (but at least 32).  Copy the existing values to the new
+ * hash map.
+ */
 static void grow_object_hash(void)
 {
 	int i;
+	/*
+	 * Note that this size must always be power-of-2 to match hash_obj
+	 * above.
+	 */
 	int new_hash_size = obj_hash_size < 32 ? 32 : 2 * obj_hash_size;
 	struct object **new_hash;
 
@@ -106,15 +138,14 @@ static void grow_object_hash(void)
 	obj_hash_size = new_hash_size;
 }
 
-void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *o)
+void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, void *o)
 {
 	struct object *obj = o;
 
 	obj->parsed = 0;
 	obj->used = 0;
-	obj->type = type;
 	obj->flags = 0;
-	hashcpy(obj->sha1, sha1);
+	hashcpy(obj->oid.hash, sha1);
 
 	if (obj_hash_size - 1 <= nr_objs * 2)
 		grow_object_hash();
@@ -124,18 +155,37 @@ void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *o)
 	return obj;
 }
 
+void *object_as_type(struct object *obj, enum object_type type, int quiet)
+{
+	if (obj->type == type)
+		return obj;
+	else if (obj->type == OBJ_NONE) {
+		if (type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+			((struct commit *)obj)->index = alloc_commit_index();
+		obj->type = type;
+		return obj;
+	}
+	else {
+		if (!quiet)
+			error("object %s is a %s, not a %s",
+			      oid_to_hex(&obj->oid),
+			      typename(obj->type), typename(type));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
 struct object *lookup_unknown_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		obj = create_object(sha1, OBJ_NONE, alloc_object_node());
+		obj = create_object(sha1, alloc_object_node());
 	return obj;
 }
 
 struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type, unsigned long size, void *buffer, int *eaten_p)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
-	int eaten = 0;
+	*eaten_p = 0;
 
 	obj = NULL;
 	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
@@ -154,7 +204,7 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 			if (!tree->object.parsed) {
 				if (parse_tree_buffer(tree, buffer, size))
 					return NULL;
-				eaten = 1;
+				*eaten_p = 1;
 			}
 		}
 	} else if (type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -162,9 +212,9 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 		if (commit) {
 			if (parse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer, size))
 				return NULL;
-			if (!commit->buffer) {
-				commit->buffer = buffer;
-				eaten = 1;
+			if (!get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, NULL)) {
+				set_commit_buffer(commit, buffer, size);
+				*eaten_p = 1;
 			}
 			obj = &commit->object;
 		}
@@ -176,28 +226,51 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 			obj = &tag->object;
 		}
 	} else {
-		warning("object %s has unknown type id %d\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), type);
+		warning("object %s has unknown type id %d", sha1_to_hex(sha1), type);
 		obj = NULL;
 	}
-	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_NONE)
-		obj->type = type;
-	*eaten_p = eaten;
 	return obj;
 }
 
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (o)
+		return o;
+
+	die(_("unable to parse object: %s"), name ? name : sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
 	int eaten;
 	const unsigned char *repl = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
-	void *buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	void *buffer;
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (obj && obj->parsed)
+		return obj;
 
+	if ((obj && obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) ||
+	    (!obj && has_sha1_file(sha1) &&
+	     sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)) {
+		if (check_sha1_signature(repl, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0) {
+			error("sha1 mismatch %s", sha1_to_hex(repl));
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		parse_blob_buffer(lookup_blob(sha1), NULL, 0);
+		return lookup_object(sha1);
+	}
+
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (buffer) {
-		struct object *obj;
 		if (check_sha1_signature(repl, buffer, size, typename(type)) < 0) {
 			free(buffer);
-			error("sha1 mismatch %s\n", sha1_to_hex(repl));
+			error("sha1 mismatch %s", sha1_to_hex(repl));
 			return NULL;
 		}
 
@@ -229,44 +302,126 @@ int object_list_contains(struct object_list *list, struct object *obj)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array)
-{
-	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID);
-}
+/*
+ * A zero-length string to which object_array_entry::name can be
+ * initialized without requiring a malloc/free.
+ */
+static char object_array_slopbuf[1];
 
-void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode)
+void add_object_array_with_path(struct object *obj, const char *name,
+				struct object_array *array,
+				unsigned mode, const char *path)
 {
 	unsigned nr = array->nr;
 	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
 	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+	struct object_array_entry *entry;
 
 	if (nr >= alloc) {
 		alloc = (alloc + 32) * 2;
-		objects = xrealloc(objects, alloc * sizeof(*objects));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(objects, alloc);
 		array->alloc = alloc;
 		array->objects = objects;
 	}
-	objects[nr].item = obj;
-	objects[nr].name = name;
-	objects[nr].mode = mode;
+	entry = &objects[nr];
+	entry->item = obj;
+	if (!name)
+		entry->name = NULL;
+	else if (!*name)
+		/* Use our own empty string instead of allocating one: */
+		entry->name = object_array_slopbuf;
+	else
+		entry->name = xstrdup(name);
+	entry->mode = mode;
+	if (path)
+		entry->path = xstrdup(path);
+	else
+		entry->path = NULL;
 	array->nr = ++nr;
 }
 
-void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array)
+void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array)
+{
+	add_object_array_with_path(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free all memory associated with an entry; the result is
+ * in an unspecified state and should not be examined.
+ */
+static void object_array_release_entry(struct object_array_entry *ent)
 {
-	unsigned int ref, src, dst;
+	if (ent->name != object_array_slopbuf)
+		free(ent->name);
+	free(ent->path);
+}
+
+void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
+			 object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, src, dst;
 	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
 
-	for (ref = 0; ref + 1 < array->nr; ref++) {
-		for (src = ref + 1, dst = src;
-		     src < array->nr;
-		     src++) {
-			if (!strcmp(objects[ref].name, objects[src].name))
-				continue;
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		if (want(&objects[src], cb_data)) {
 			if (src != dst)
 				objects[dst] = objects[src];
 			dst++;
+		} else {
+			object_array_release_entry(&objects[src]);
+		}
+	}
+	array->nr = dst;
+}
+
+void object_array_clear(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++)
+		object_array_release_entry(&array->objects[i]);
+	free(array->objects);
+	array->objects = NULL;
+	array->nr = array->alloc = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff array already contains an entry with name.
+ */
+static int contains_name(struct object_array *array, const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, i;
+	struct object_array_entry *object = array->objects;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++, object++)
+		if (!strcmp(object->name, name))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, src;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+
+	array->nr = 0;
+	for (src = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		if (!contains_name(array, objects[src].name)) {
+			if (src != array->nr)
+				objects[array->nr] = objects[src];
+			array->nr++;
+		} else {
+			object_array_release_entry(&objects[src]);
 		}
-		array->nr = dst;
+	}
+}
+
+void clear_object_flags(unsigned flags)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i=0; i < obj_hash_size; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = obj_hash[i];
+		if (obj)
+			obj->flags &= ~flags;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/object.h b/object.h
index b6618d92bf..f8b644263f 100644
--- a/object.h
+++ b/object.h
@@ -11,7 +11,14 @@ struct object_array {
 	unsigned int alloc;
 	struct object_array_entry {
 		struct object *item;
-		const char *name;
+		/*
+		 * name or NULL.  If non-NULL, the memory pointed to
+		 * is owned by this object *except* if it points at
+		 * object_array_slopbuf, which is a static copy of the
+		 * empty string.
+		 */
+		char *name;
+		char *path;
 		unsigned mode;
 	} *objects;
 };
@@ -19,6 +26,19 @@ struct object_array {
 #define OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT { 0, 0, NULL }
 
 #define TYPE_BITS   3
+/*
+ * object flag allocation:
+ * revision.h:      0---------10                                26
+ * fetch-pack.c:    0---4
+ * walker.c:        0-2
+ * upload-pack.c:               11----------------19
+ * builtin/blame.c:               12-13
+ * bisect.c:                               16
+ * bundle.c:                               16
+ * http-push.c:                            16-----19
+ * commit.c:                               16-----19
+ * sha1_name.c:                                     20
+ */
 #define FLAG_BITS  27
 
 /*
@@ -29,13 +49,21 @@ struct object {
 	unsigned used : 1;
 	unsigned type : TYPE_BITS;
 	unsigned flags : FLAG_BITS;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 };
 
 extern const char *typename(unsigned int type);
-extern int type_from_string(const char *str);
+extern int type_from_string_gently(const char *str, ssize_t, int gentle);
+#define type_from_string(str) type_from_string_gently(str, -1, 0)
 
+/*
+ * Return the current number of buckets in the object hashmap.
+ */
 extern unsigned int get_max_object_index(void);
+
+/*
+ * Return the object from the specified bucket in the object hashmap.
+ */
 extern struct object *get_indexed_object(unsigned int);
 
 /*
@@ -52,11 +80,24 @@ extern struct object *get_indexed_object(unsigned int);
  */
 struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
-extern void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *obj);
+extern void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, void *obj);
 
-/** Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is. **/
+void *object_as_type(struct object *obj, enum object_type type, int quiet);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if the object is missing or corrupt.
+ */
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
+/*
+ * Like parse_object, but will die() instead of returning NULL. If the
+ * "name" parameter is not NULL, it is included in the error message
+ * (otherwise, the sha1 hex is given).
+ */
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name);
+
 /* Given the result of read_sha1_file(), returns the object after
  * parsing it.  eaten_p indicates if the object has a borrowed copy
  * of buffer and the caller should not free() it.
@@ -73,7 +114,30 @@ int object_list_contains(struct object_list *list, struct object *obj);
 
 /* Object array handling .. */
 void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array);
-void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode);
-void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *);
+void add_object_array_with_path(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode, const char *path);
+
+typedef int (*object_array_each_func_t)(struct object_array_entry *, void *);
+
+/*
+ * Apply want to each entry in array, retaining only the entries for
+ * which the function returns true.  Preserve the order of the entries
+ * that are retained.
+ */
+void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
+			 object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Remove from array all but the first entry with a given name.
+ * Warning: this function uses an O(N^2) algorithm.
+ */
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array);
+
+/*
+ * Remove any objects from the array, freeing all used memory; afterwards
+ * the array is ready to store more objects with add_object_array().
+ */
+void object_array_clear(struct object_array *array);
+
+void clear_object_flags(unsigned flags);
 
 #endif /* OBJECT_H */
diff --git a/pack-bitmap-write.c b/pack-bitmap-write.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c30bcd06cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-bitmap-write.c
@@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-bitmap.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
+
+struct bitmapped_commit {
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *write_as;
+	int flags;
+	int xor_offset;
+	uint32_t commit_pos;
+};
+
+struct bitmap_writer {
+	struct ewah_bitmap *commits;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *trees;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *blobs;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *tags;
+
+	khash_sha1 *bitmaps;
+	khash_sha1 *reused;
+	struct packing_data *to_pack;
+
+	struct bitmapped_commit *selected;
+	unsigned int selected_nr, selected_alloc;
+
+	struct progress *progress;
+	int show_progress;
+	unsigned char pack_checksum[20];
+};
+
+static struct bitmap_writer writer;
+
+void bitmap_writer_show_progress(int show)
+{
+	writer.show_progress = show;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the initial type index for the packfile
+ */
+void bitmap_writer_build_type_index(struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+				    uint32_t index_nr)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	writer.commits = ewah_new();
+	writer.trees = ewah_new();
+	writer.blobs = ewah_new();
+	writer.tags = ewah_new();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < index_nr; ++i) {
+		struct object_entry *entry = (struct object_entry *)index[i];
+		enum object_type real_type;
+
+		entry->in_pack_pos = i;
+
+		switch (entry->type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		case OBJ_TREE:
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+		case OBJ_TAG:
+			real_type = entry->type;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			real_type = sha1_object_info(entry->idx.sha1, NULL);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		switch (real_type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			ewah_set(writer.commits, i);
+			break;
+
+		case OBJ_TREE:
+			ewah_set(writer.trees, i);
+			break;
+
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			ewah_set(writer.blobs, i);
+			break;
+
+		case OBJ_TAG:
+			ewah_set(writer.tags, i);
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			die("Missing type information for %s (%d/%d)",
+			    sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1), real_type, entry->type);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute the actual bitmaps
+ */
+static struct object **seen_objects;
+static unsigned int seen_objects_nr, seen_objects_alloc;
+
+static inline void push_bitmapped_commit(struct commit *commit, struct ewah_bitmap *reused)
+{
+	if (writer.selected_nr >= writer.selected_alloc) {
+		writer.selected_alloc = (writer.selected_alloc + 32) * 2;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(writer.selected, writer.selected_alloc);
+	}
+
+	writer.selected[writer.selected_nr].commit = commit;
+	writer.selected[writer.selected_nr].bitmap = reused;
+	writer.selected[writer.selected_nr].flags = 0;
+
+	writer.selected_nr++;
+}
+
+static inline void mark_as_seen(struct object *object)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(seen_objects, seen_objects_nr + 1, seen_objects_alloc);
+	seen_objects[seen_objects_nr++] = object;
+}
+
+static inline void reset_all_seen(void)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < seen_objects_nr; ++i) {
+		seen_objects[i]->flags &= ~(SEEN | ADDED | SHOWN);
+	}
+	seen_objects_nr = 0;
+}
+
+static uint32_t find_object_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_entry *entry = packlist_find(writer.to_pack, sha1, NULL);
+
+	if (!entry) {
+		die("Failed to write bitmap index. Packfile doesn't have full closure "
+			"(object %s is missing)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	return entry->in_pack_pos;
+}
+
+static void show_object(struct object *object, const char *name, void *data)
+{
+	struct bitmap *base = data;
+	bitmap_set(base, find_object_pos(object->oid.hash));
+	mark_as_seen(object);
+}
+
+static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	mark_as_seen((struct object *)commit);
+}
+
+static int
+add_to_include_set(struct bitmap *base, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+	uint32_t bitmap_pos = find_object_pos(commit->object.oid.hash);
+
+	if (bitmap_get(base, bitmap_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	hash_pos = kh_get_sha1(writer.bitmaps, commit->object.oid.hash);
+	if (hash_pos < kh_end(writer.bitmaps)) {
+		struct bitmapped_commit *bc = kh_value(writer.bitmaps, hash_pos);
+		bitmap_or_ewah(base, bc->bitmap);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	bitmap_set(base, bitmap_pos);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+should_include(struct commit *commit, void *_data)
+{
+	struct bitmap *base = _data;
+
+	if (!add_to_include_set(base, commit)) {
+		struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+
+		mark_as_seen((struct object *)commit);
+
+		while (parent) {
+			parent->item->object.flags |= SEEN;
+			mark_as_seen((struct object *)parent->item);
+			parent = parent->next;
+		}
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void compute_xor_offsets(void)
+{
+	static const int MAX_XOR_OFFSET_SEARCH = 10;
+
+	int i, next = 0;
+
+	while (next < writer.selected_nr) {
+		struct bitmapped_commit *stored = &writer.selected[next];
+
+		int best_offset = 0;
+		struct ewah_bitmap *best_bitmap = stored->bitmap;
+		struct ewah_bitmap *test_xor;
+
+		for (i = 1; i <= MAX_XOR_OFFSET_SEARCH; ++i) {
+			int curr = next - i;
+
+			if (curr < 0)
+				break;
+
+			test_xor = ewah_pool_new();
+			ewah_xor(writer.selected[curr].bitmap, stored->bitmap, test_xor);
+
+			if (test_xor->buffer_size < best_bitmap->buffer_size) {
+				if (best_bitmap != stored->bitmap)
+					ewah_pool_free(best_bitmap);
+
+				best_bitmap = test_xor;
+				best_offset = i;
+			} else {
+				ewah_pool_free(test_xor);
+			}
+		}
+
+		stored->xor_offset = best_offset;
+		stored->write_as = best_bitmap;
+
+		next++;
+	}
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_build(struct packing_data *to_pack)
+{
+	static const double REUSE_BITMAP_THRESHOLD = 0.2;
+
+	int i, reuse_after, need_reset;
+	struct bitmap *base = bitmap_new();
+	struct rev_info revs;
+
+	writer.bitmaps = kh_init_sha1();
+	writer.to_pack = to_pack;
+
+	if (writer.show_progress)
+		writer.progress = start_progress("Building bitmaps", writer.selected_nr);
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	revs.tag_objects = 1;
+	revs.tree_objects = 1;
+	revs.blob_objects = 1;
+	revs.no_walk = 0;
+
+	revs.include_check = should_include;
+	reset_revision_walk();
+
+	reuse_after = writer.selected_nr * REUSE_BITMAP_THRESHOLD;
+	need_reset = 0;
+
+	for (i = writer.selected_nr - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+		struct bitmapped_commit *stored;
+		struct object *object;
+
+		khiter_t hash_pos;
+		int hash_ret;
+
+		stored = &writer.selected[i];
+		object = (struct object *)stored->commit;
+
+		if (stored->bitmap == NULL) {
+			if (i < writer.selected_nr - 1 &&
+			    (need_reset ||
+			     !in_merge_bases(writer.selected[i + 1].commit,
+					     stored->commit))) {
+			    bitmap_reset(base);
+			    reset_all_seen();
+			}
+
+			add_pending_object(&revs, object, "");
+			revs.include_check_data = base;
+
+			if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+				die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+			traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, base);
+
+			revs.pending.nr = 0;
+			revs.pending.alloc = 0;
+			revs.pending.objects = NULL;
+
+			stored->bitmap = bitmap_to_ewah(base);
+			need_reset = 0;
+		} else
+			need_reset = 1;
+
+		if (i >= reuse_after)
+			stored->flags |= BITMAP_FLAG_REUSE;
+
+		hash_pos = kh_put_sha1(writer.bitmaps, object->oid.hash, &hash_ret);
+		if (hash_ret == 0)
+			die("Duplicate entry when writing index: %s",
+			    oid_to_hex(&object->oid));
+
+		kh_value(writer.bitmaps, hash_pos) = stored;
+		display_progress(writer.progress, writer.selected_nr - i);
+	}
+
+	bitmap_free(base);
+	stop_progress(&writer.progress);
+
+	compute_xor_offsets();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Select the commits that will be bitmapped
+ */
+static inline unsigned int next_commit_index(unsigned int idx)
+{
+	static const unsigned int MIN_COMMITS = 100;
+	static const unsigned int MAX_COMMITS = 5000;
+
+	static const unsigned int MUST_REGION = 100;
+	static const unsigned int MIN_REGION = 20000;
+
+	unsigned int offset, next;
+
+	if (idx <= MUST_REGION)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (idx <= MIN_REGION) {
+		offset = idx - MUST_REGION;
+		return (offset < MIN_COMMITS) ? offset : MIN_COMMITS;
+	}
+
+	offset = idx - MIN_REGION;
+	next = (offset < MAX_COMMITS) ? offset : MAX_COMMITS;
+
+	return (next > MIN_COMMITS) ? next : MIN_COMMITS;
+}
+
+static int date_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	struct commit *a = *(struct commit **)_a;
+	struct commit *b = *(struct commit **)_b;
+	return (long)b->date - (long)a->date;
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_reuse_bitmaps(struct packing_data *to_pack)
+{
+	if (prepare_bitmap_git() < 0)
+		return;
+
+	writer.reused = kh_init_sha1();
+	rebuild_existing_bitmaps(to_pack, writer.reused, writer.show_progress);
+}
+
+static struct ewah_bitmap *find_reused_bitmap(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+
+	if (!writer.reused)
+		return NULL;
+
+	hash_pos = kh_get_sha1(writer.reused, sha1);
+	if (hash_pos >= kh_end(writer.reused))
+		return NULL;
+
+	return kh_value(writer.reused, hash_pos);
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_select_commits(struct commit **indexed_commits,
+				  unsigned int indexed_commits_nr,
+				  int max_bitmaps)
+{
+	unsigned int i = 0, j, next;
+
+	qsort(indexed_commits, indexed_commits_nr, sizeof(indexed_commits[0]),
+	      date_compare);
+
+	if (writer.show_progress)
+		writer.progress = start_progress("Selecting bitmap commits", 0);
+
+	if (indexed_commits_nr < 100) {
+		for (i = 0; i < indexed_commits_nr; ++i)
+			push_bitmapped_commit(indexed_commits[i], NULL);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (;;) {
+		struct ewah_bitmap *reused_bitmap = NULL;
+		struct commit *chosen = NULL;
+
+		next = next_commit_index(i);
+
+		if (i + next >= indexed_commits_nr)
+			break;
+
+		if (max_bitmaps > 0 && writer.selected_nr >= max_bitmaps) {
+			writer.selected_nr = max_bitmaps;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (next == 0) {
+			chosen = indexed_commits[i];
+			reused_bitmap = find_reused_bitmap(chosen->object.oid.hash);
+		} else {
+			chosen = indexed_commits[i + next];
+
+			for (j = 0; j <= next; ++j) {
+				struct commit *cm = indexed_commits[i + j];
+
+				reused_bitmap = find_reused_bitmap(cm->object.oid.hash);
+				if (reused_bitmap || (cm->object.flags & NEEDS_BITMAP) != 0) {
+					chosen = cm;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				if (cm->parents && cm->parents->next)
+					chosen = cm;
+			}
+		}
+
+		push_bitmapped_commit(chosen, reused_bitmap);
+
+		i += next + 1;
+		display_progress(writer.progress, i);
+	}
+
+	stop_progress(&writer.progress);
+}
+
+
+static int sha1write_ewah_helper(void *f, const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	/* sha1write will die on error */
+	sha1write(f, buf, len);
+	return len;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write the bitmap index to disk
+ */
+static inline void dump_bitmap(struct sha1file *f, struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap)
+{
+	if (ewah_serialize_to(bitmap, sha1write_ewah_helper, f) < 0)
+		die("Failed to write bitmap index");
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *sha1_access(size_t pos, void *table)
+{
+	struct pack_idx_entry **index = table;
+	return index[pos]->sha1;
+}
+
+static void write_selected_commits_v1(struct sha1file *f,
+				      struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+				      uint32_t index_nr)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < writer.selected_nr; ++i) {
+		struct bitmapped_commit *stored = &writer.selected[i];
+
+		int commit_pos =
+			sha1_pos(stored->commit->object.oid.hash, index, index_nr, sha1_access);
+
+		if (commit_pos < 0)
+			die("BUG: trying to write commit not in index");
+
+		sha1write_be32(f, commit_pos);
+		sha1write_u8(f, stored->xor_offset);
+		sha1write_u8(f, stored->flags);
+
+		dump_bitmap(f, stored->write_as);
+	}
+}
+
+static void write_hash_cache(struct sha1file *f,
+			     struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+			     uint32_t index_nr)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < index_nr; ++i) {
+		struct object_entry *entry = (struct object_entry *)index[i];
+		uint32_t hash_value = htonl(entry->hash);
+		sha1write(f, &hash_value, sizeof(hash_value));
+	}
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_set_checksum(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	hashcpy(writer.pack_checksum, sha1);
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_finish(struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+			  uint32_t index_nr,
+			  const char *filename,
+			  uint16_t options)
+{
+	static char tmp_file[PATH_MAX];
+	static uint16_t default_version = 1;
+	static uint16_t flags = BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG;
+	struct sha1file *f;
+
+	struct bitmap_disk_header header;
+
+	int fd = odb_mkstemp(tmp_file, sizeof(tmp_file), "pack/tmp_bitmap_XXXXXX");
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to create '%s'", tmp_file);
+	f = sha1fd(fd, tmp_file);
+
+	memcpy(header.magic, BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE, sizeof(BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE));
+	header.version = htons(default_version);
+	header.options = htons(flags | options);
+	header.entry_count = htonl(writer.selected_nr);
+	hashcpy(header.checksum, writer.pack_checksum);
+
+	sha1write(f, &header, sizeof(header));
+	dump_bitmap(f, writer.commits);
+	dump_bitmap(f, writer.trees);
+	dump_bitmap(f, writer.blobs);
+	dump_bitmap(f, writer.tags);
+	write_selected_commits_v1(f, index, index_nr);
+
+	if (options & BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE)
+		write_hash_cache(f, index, index_nr);
+
+	sha1close(f, NULL, CSUM_FSYNC);
+
+	if (adjust_shared_perm(tmp_file))
+		die_errno("unable to make temporary bitmap file readable");
+
+	if (rename(tmp_file, filename))
+		die_errno("unable to rename temporary bitmap file to '%s'", filename);
+}
diff --git a/pack-bitmap.c b/pack-bitmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b949e51716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-bitmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-bitmap.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
+
+/*
+ * An entry on the bitmap index, representing the bitmap for a given
+ * commit.
+ */
+struct stored_bitmap {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct ewah_bitmap *root;
+	struct stored_bitmap *xor;
+	int flags;
+};
+
+/*
+ * The currently active bitmap index. By design, repositories only have
+ * a single bitmap index available (the index for the biggest packfile in
+ * the repository), since bitmap indexes need full closure.
+ *
+ * If there is more than one bitmap index available (e.g. because of alternates),
+ * the active bitmap index is the largest one.
+ */
+static struct bitmap_index {
+	/* Packfile to which this bitmap index belongs to */
+	struct packed_git *pack;
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark the first `reuse_objects` in the packfile as reused:
+	 * they will be sent as-is without using them for repacking
+	 * calculations
+	 */
+	uint32_t reuse_objects;
+
+	/* mmapped buffer of the whole bitmap index */
+	unsigned char *map;
+	size_t map_size; /* size of the mmaped buffer */
+	size_t map_pos; /* current position when loading the index */
+
+	/*
+	 * Type indexes.
+	 *
+	 * Each bitmap marks which objects in the packfile  are of the given
+	 * type. This provides type information when yielding the objects from
+	 * the packfile during a walk, which allows for better delta bases.
+	 */
+	struct ewah_bitmap *commits;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *trees;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *blobs;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *tags;
+
+	/* Map from SHA1 -> `stored_bitmap` for all the bitmapped commits */
+	khash_sha1 *bitmaps;
+
+	/* Number of bitmapped commits */
+	uint32_t entry_count;
+
+	/* Name-hash cache (or NULL if not present). */
+	uint32_t *hashes;
+
+	/*
+	 * Extended index.
+	 *
+	 * When trying to perform bitmap operations with objects that are not
+	 * packed in `pack`, these objects are added to this "fake index" and
+	 * are assumed to appear at the end of the packfile for all operations
+	 */
+	struct eindex {
+		struct object **objects;
+		uint32_t *hashes;
+		uint32_t count, alloc;
+		khash_sha1_pos *positions;
+	} ext_index;
+
+	/* Bitmap result of the last performed walk */
+	struct bitmap *result;
+
+	/* Version of the bitmap index */
+	unsigned int version;
+
+	unsigned loaded : 1;
+
+} bitmap_git;
+
+static struct ewah_bitmap *lookup_stored_bitmap(struct stored_bitmap *st)
+{
+	struct ewah_bitmap *parent;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *composed;
+
+	if (st->xor == NULL)
+		return st->root;
+
+	composed = ewah_pool_new();
+	parent = lookup_stored_bitmap(st->xor);
+	ewah_xor(st->root, parent, composed);
+
+	ewah_pool_free(st->root);
+	st->root = composed;
+	st->xor = NULL;
+
+	return composed;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a bitmap from the current read position on the mmaped
+ * index, and increase the read position accordingly
+ */
+static struct ewah_bitmap *read_bitmap_1(struct bitmap_index *index)
+{
+	struct ewah_bitmap *b = ewah_pool_new();
+
+	int bitmap_size = ewah_read_mmap(b,
+		index->map + index->map_pos,
+		index->map_size - index->map_pos);
+
+	if (bitmap_size < 0) {
+		error("Failed to load bitmap index (corrupted?)");
+		ewah_pool_free(b);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	index->map_pos += bitmap_size;
+	return b;
+}
+
+static int load_bitmap_header(struct bitmap_index *index)
+{
+	struct bitmap_disk_header *header = (void *)index->map;
+
+	if (index->map_size < sizeof(*header) + 20)
+		return error("Corrupted bitmap index (missing header data)");
+
+	if (memcmp(header->magic, BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE, sizeof(BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE)) != 0)
+		return error("Corrupted bitmap index file (wrong header)");
+
+	index->version = ntohs(header->version);
+	if (index->version != 1)
+		return error("Unsupported version for bitmap index file (%d)", index->version);
+
+	/* Parse known bitmap format options */
+	{
+		uint32_t flags = ntohs(header->options);
+
+		if ((flags & BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG) == 0)
+			return error("Unsupported options for bitmap index file "
+				"(Git requires BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG)");
+
+		if (flags & BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE) {
+			unsigned char *end = index->map + index->map_size - 20;
+			index->hashes = ((uint32_t *)end) - index->pack->num_objects;
+		}
+	}
+
+	index->entry_count = ntohl(header->entry_count);
+	index->map_pos += sizeof(*header);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct stored_bitmap *store_bitmap(struct bitmap_index *index,
+					  struct ewah_bitmap *root,
+					  const unsigned char *sha1,
+					  struct stored_bitmap *xor_with,
+					  int flags)
+{
+	struct stored_bitmap *stored;
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+	int ret;
+
+	stored = xmalloc(sizeof(struct stored_bitmap));
+	stored->root = root;
+	stored->xor = xor_with;
+	stored->flags = flags;
+	hashcpy(stored->sha1, sha1);
+
+	hash_pos = kh_put_sha1(index->bitmaps, stored->sha1, &ret);
+
+	/* a 0 return code means the insertion succeeded with no changes,
+	 * because the SHA1 already existed on the map. this is bad, there
+	 * shouldn't be duplicated commits in the index */
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		error("Duplicate entry in bitmap index: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	kh_value(index->bitmaps, hash_pos) = stored;
+	return stored;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t read_be32(const unsigned char *buffer, size_t *pos)
+{
+	uint32_t result = get_be32(buffer + *pos);
+	(*pos) += sizeof(result);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t read_u8(const unsigned char *buffer, size_t *pos)
+{
+	return buffer[(*pos)++];
+}
+
+#define MAX_XOR_OFFSET 160
+
+static int load_bitmap_entries_v1(struct bitmap_index *index)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct stored_bitmap *recent_bitmaps[MAX_XOR_OFFSET] = { NULL };
+
+	for (i = 0; i < index->entry_count; ++i) {
+		int xor_offset, flags;
+		struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap = NULL;
+		struct stored_bitmap *xor_bitmap = NULL;
+		uint32_t commit_idx_pos;
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+
+		commit_idx_pos = read_be32(index->map, &index->map_pos);
+		xor_offset = read_u8(index->map, &index->map_pos);
+		flags = read_u8(index->map, &index->map_pos);
+
+		sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(index->pack, commit_idx_pos);
+
+		bitmap = read_bitmap_1(index);
+		if (!bitmap)
+			return -1;
+
+		if (xor_offset > MAX_XOR_OFFSET || xor_offset > i)
+			return error("Corrupted bitmap pack index");
+
+		if (xor_offset > 0) {
+			xor_bitmap = recent_bitmaps[(i - xor_offset) % MAX_XOR_OFFSET];
+
+			if (xor_bitmap == NULL)
+				return error("Invalid XOR offset in bitmap pack index");
+		}
+
+		recent_bitmaps[i % MAX_XOR_OFFSET] = store_bitmap(
+			index, bitmap, sha1, xor_bitmap, flags);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *pack_bitmap_filename(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (!strip_suffix(p->pack_name, ".pack", &len))
+		die("BUG: pack_name does not end in .pack");
+	return xstrfmt("%.*s.bitmap", (int)len, p->pack_name);
+}
+
+static int open_pack_bitmap_1(struct packed_git *packfile)
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct stat st;
+	char *idx_name;
+
+	if (open_pack_index(packfile))
+		return -1;
+
+	idx_name = pack_bitmap_filename(packfile);
+	fd = git_open_noatime(idx_name);
+	free(idx_name);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (bitmap_git.pack) {
+		warning("ignoring extra bitmap file: %s", packfile->pack_name);
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	bitmap_git.pack = packfile;
+	bitmap_git.map_size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	bitmap_git.map = xmmap(NULL, bitmap_git.map_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	bitmap_git.map_pos = 0;
+	close(fd);
+
+	if (load_bitmap_header(&bitmap_git) < 0) {
+		munmap(bitmap_git.map, bitmap_git.map_size);
+		bitmap_git.map = NULL;
+		bitmap_git.map_size = 0;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int load_pack_bitmap(void)
+{
+	assert(bitmap_git.map && !bitmap_git.loaded);
+
+	bitmap_git.bitmaps = kh_init_sha1();
+	bitmap_git.ext_index.positions = kh_init_sha1_pos();
+	load_pack_revindex(bitmap_git.pack);
+
+	if (!(bitmap_git.commits = read_bitmap_1(&bitmap_git)) ||
+		!(bitmap_git.trees = read_bitmap_1(&bitmap_git)) ||
+		!(bitmap_git.blobs = read_bitmap_1(&bitmap_git)) ||
+		!(bitmap_git.tags = read_bitmap_1(&bitmap_git)))
+		goto failed;
+
+	if (load_bitmap_entries_v1(&bitmap_git) < 0)
+		goto failed;
+
+	bitmap_git.loaded = 1;
+	return 0;
+
+failed:
+	munmap(bitmap_git.map, bitmap_git.map_size);
+	bitmap_git.map = NULL;
+	bitmap_git.map_size = 0;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int open_pack_bitmap(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	assert(!bitmap_git.map && !bitmap_git.loaded);
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (open_pack_bitmap_1(p) == 0)
+			ret = 0;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int prepare_bitmap_git(void)
+{
+	if (bitmap_git.loaded)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!open_pack_bitmap())
+		return load_pack_bitmap();
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+struct include_data {
+	struct bitmap *base;
+	struct bitmap *seen;
+};
+
+static inline int bitmap_position_extended(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	khash_sha1_pos *positions = bitmap_git.ext_index.positions;
+	khiter_t pos = kh_get_sha1_pos(positions, sha1);
+
+	if (pos < kh_end(positions)) {
+		int bitmap_pos = kh_value(positions, pos);
+		return bitmap_pos + bitmap_git.pack->num_objects;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static inline int bitmap_position_packfile(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	off_t offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, bitmap_git.pack);
+	if (!offset)
+		return -1;
+
+	return find_revindex_position(bitmap_git.pack, offset);
+}
+
+static int bitmap_position(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int pos = bitmap_position_packfile(sha1);
+	return (pos >= 0) ? pos : bitmap_position_extended(sha1);
+}
+
+static int ext_index_add_object(struct object *object, const char *name)
+{
+	struct eindex *eindex = &bitmap_git.ext_index;
+
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+	int hash_ret;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	hash_pos = kh_put_sha1_pos(eindex->positions, object->oid.hash, &hash_ret);
+	if (hash_ret > 0) {
+		if (eindex->count >= eindex->alloc) {
+			eindex->alloc = (eindex->alloc + 16) * 3 / 2;
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(eindex->objects, eindex->alloc);
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(eindex->hashes, eindex->alloc);
+		}
+
+		bitmap_pos = eindex->count;
+		eindex->objects[eindex->count] = object;
+		eindex->hashes[eindex->count] = pack_name_hash(name);
+		kh_value(eindex->positions, hash_pos) = bitmap_pos;
+		eindex->count++;
+	} else {
+		bitmap_pos = kh_value(eindex->positions, hash_pos);
+	}
+
+	return bitmap_pos + bitmap_git.pack->num_objects;
+}
+
+static void show_object(struct object *object, const char *name, void *data)
+{
+	struct bitmap *base = data;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	bitmap_pos = bitmap_position(object->oid.hash);
+
+	if (bitmap_pos < 0)
+		bitmap_pos = ext_index_add_object(object, name);
+
+	bitmap_set(base, bitmap_pos);
+}
+
+static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+}
+
+static int add_to_include_set(struct include_data *data,
+			      const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      int bitmap_pos)
+{
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+
+	if (data->seen && bitmap_get(data->seen, bitmap_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (bitmap_get(data->base, bitmap_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	hash_pos = kh_get_sha1(bitmap_git.bitmaps, sha1);
+	if (hash_pos < kh_end(bitmap_git.bitmaps)) {
+		struct stored_bitmap *st = kh_value(bitmap_git.bitmaps, hash_pos);
+		bitmap_or_ewah(data->base, lookup_stored_bitmap(st));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	bitmap_set(data->base, bitmap_pos);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int should_include(struct commit *commit, void *_data)
+{
+	struct include_data *data = _data;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	bitmap_pos = bitmap_position(commit->object.oid.hash);
+	if (bitmap_pos < 0)
+		bitmap_pos = ext_index_add_object((struct object *)commit, NULL);
+
+	if (!add_to_include_set(data, commit->object.oid.hash, bitmap_pos)) {
+		struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+
+		while (parent) {
+			parent->item->object.flags |= SEEN;
+			parent = parent->next;
+		}
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct bitmap *find_objects(struct rev_info *revs,
+				   struct object_list *roots,
+				   struct bitmap *seen)
+{
+	struct bitmap *base = NULL;
+	int needs_walk = 0;
+
+	struct object_list *not_mapped = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Go through all the roots for the walk. The ones that have bitmaps
+	 * on the bitmap index will be `or`ed together to form an initial
+	 * global reachability analysis.
+	 *
+	 * The ones without bitmaps in the index will be stored in the
+	 * `not_mapped_list` for further processing.
+	 */
+	while (roots) {
+		struct object *object = roots->item;
+		roots = roots->next;
+
+		if (object->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			khiter_t pos = kh_get_sha1(bitmap_git.bitmaps, object->oid.hash);
+
+			if (pos < kh_end(bitmap_git.bitmaps)) {
+				struct stored_bitmap *st = kh_value(bitmap_git.bitmaps, pos);
+				struct ewah_bitmap *or_with = lookup_stored_bitmap(st);
+
+				if (base == NULL)
+					base = ewah_to_bitmap(or_with);
+				else
+					bitmap_or_ewah(base, or_with);
+
+				object->flags |= SEEN;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		object_list_insert(object, &not_mapped);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Best case scenario: We found bitmaps for all the roots,
+	 * so the resulting `or` bitmap has the full reachability analysis
+	 */
+	if (not_mapped == NULL)
+		return base;
+
+	roots = not_mapped;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let's iterate through all the roots that don't have bitmaps to
+	 * check if we can determine them to be reachable from the existing
+	 * global bitmap.
+	 *
+	 * If we cannot find them in the existing global bitmap, we'll need
+	 * to push them to an actual walk and run it until we can confirm
+	 * they are reachable
+	 */
+	while (roots) {
+		struct object *object = roots->item;
+		int pos;
+
+		roots = roots->next;
+		pos = bitmap_position(object->oid.hash);
+
+		if (pos < 0 || base == NULL || !bitmap_get(base, pos)) {
+			object->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
+			add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+			needs_walk = 1;
+		} else {
+			object->flags |= SEEN;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (needs_walk) {
+		struct include_data incdata;
+
+		if (base == NULL)
+			base = bitmap_new();
+
+		incdata.base = base;
+		incdata.seen = seen;
+
+		revs->include_check = should_include;
+		revs->include_check_data = &incdata;
+
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
+			die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+		traverse_commit_list(revs, show_commit, show_object, base);
+	}
+
+	return base;
+}
+
+static void show_extended_objects(struct bitmap *objects,
+				  show_reachable_fn show_reach)
+{
+	struct eindex *eindex = &bitmap_git.ext_index;
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < eindex->count; ++i) {
+		struct object *obj;
+
+		if (!bitmap_get(objects, bitmap_git.pack->num_objects + i))
+			continue;
+
+		obj = eindex->objects[i];
+		show_reach(obj->oid.hash, obj->type, 0, eindex->hashes[i], NULL, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_objects_for_type(
+	struct bitmap *objects,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *type_filter,
+	enum object_type object_type,
+	show_reachable_fn show_reach)
+{
+	size_t pos = 0, i = 0;
+	uint32_t offset;
+
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t filter;
+
+	if (bitmap_git.reuse_objects == bitmap_git.pack->num_objects)
+		return;
+
+	ewah_iterator_init(&it, type_filter);
+
+	while (i < objects->word_alloc && ewah_iterator_next(&filter, &it)) {
+		eword_t word = objects->words[i] & filter;
+
+		for (offset = 0; offset < BITS_IN_EWORD; ++offset) {
+			const unsigned char *sha1;
+			struct revindex_entry *entry;
+			uint32_t hash = 0;
+
+			if ((word >> offset) == 0)
+				break;
+
+			offset += ewah_bit_ctz64(word >> offset);
+
+			if (pos + offset < bitmap_git.reuse_objects)
+				continue;
+
+			entry = &bitmap_git.pack->revindex[pos + offset];
+			sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(bitmap_git.pack, entry->nr);
+
+			if (bitmap_git.hashes)
+				hash = ntohl(bitmap_git.hashes[entry->nr]);
+
+			show_reach(sha1, object_type, 0, hash, bitmap_git.pack, entry->offset);
+		}
+
+		pos += BITS_IN_EWORD;
+		i++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int in_bitmapped_pack(struct object_list *roots)
+{
+	while (roots) {
+		struct object *object = roots->item;
+		roots = roots->next;
+
+		if (find_pack_entry_one(object->oid.hash, bitmap_git.pack) > 0)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int prepare_bitmap_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int pending_nr = revs->pending.nr;
+	struct object_array_entry *pending_e = revs->pending.objects;
+
+	struct object_list *wants = NULL;
+	struct object_list *haves = NULL;
+
+	struct bitmap *wants_bitmap = NULL;
+	struct bitmap *haves_bitmap = NULL;
+
+	if (!bitmap_git.loaded) {
+		/* try to open a bitmapped pack, but don't parse it yet
+		 * because we may not need to use it */
+		if (open_pack_bitmap() < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pending_nr; ++i) {
+		struct object *object = pending_e[i].item;
+
+		if (object->type == OBJ_NONE)
+			parse_object_or_die(object->oid.hash, NULL);
+
+		while (object->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) object;
+
+			if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+				object_list_insert(object, &haves);
+			else
+				object_list_insert(object, &wants);
+
+			if (!tag->tagged)
+				die("bad tag");
+			object = parse_object_or_die(tag->tagged->oid.hash, NULL);
+		}
+
+		if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			object_list_insert(object, &haves);
+		else
+			object_list_insert(object, &wants);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * if we have a HAVES list, but none of those haves is contained
+	 * in the packfile that has a bitmap, we don't have anything to
+	 * optimize here
+	 */
+	if (haves && !in_bitmapped_pack(haves))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* if we don't want anything, we're done here */
+	if (!wants)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * now we're going to use bitmaps, so load the actual bitmap entries
+	 * from disk. this is the point of no return; after this the rev_list
+	 * becomes invalidated and we must perform the revwalk through bitmaps
+	 */
+	if (!bitmap_git.loaded && load_pack_bitmap() < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	revs->pending.nr = 0;
+	revs->pending.alloc = 0;
+	revs->pending.objects = NULL;
+
+	if (haves) {
+		revs->ignore_missing_links = 1;
+		haves_bitmap = find_objects(revs, haves, NULL);
+		reset_revision_walk();
+		revs->ignore_missing_links = 0;
+
+		if (haves_bitmap == NULL)
+			die("BUG: failed to perform bitmap walk");
+	}
+
+	wants_bitmap = find_objects(revs, wants, haves_bitmap);
+
+	if (!wants_bitmap)
+		die("BUG: failed to perform bitmap walk");
+
+	if (haves_bitmap)
+		bitmap_and_not(wants_bitmap, haves_bitmap);
+
+	bitmap_git.result = wants_bitmap;
+
+	bitmap_free(haves_bitmap);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap(struct packed_git **packfile,
+				       uint32_t *entries,
+				       off_t *up_to)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Reuse the packfile content if we need more than
+	 * 90% of its objects
+	 */
+	static const double REUSE_PERCENT = 0.9;
+
+	struct bitmap *result = bitmap_git.result;
+	uint32_t reuse_threshold;
+	uint32_t i, reuse_objects = 0;
+
+	assert(result);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < result->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		if (result->words[i] != (eword_t)~0) {
+			reuse_objects += ewah_bit_ctz64(~result->words[i]);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		reuse_objects += BITS_IN_EWORD;
+	}
+
+#ifdef GIT_BITMAP_DEBUG
+	{
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		struct revindex_entry *entry;
+
+		entry = &bitmap_git.reverse_index->revindex[reuse_objects];
+		sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(bitmap_git.pack, entry->nr);
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to reuse at %d (%016llx)\n",
+			reuse_objects, result->words[i]);
+		fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (!reuse_objects)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (reuse_objects >= bitmap_git.pack->num_objects) {
+		bitmap_git.reuse_objects = *entries = bitmap_git.pack->num_objects;
+		*up_to = -1; /* reuse the full pack */
+		*packfile = bitmap_git.pack;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	reuse_threshold = bitmap_popcount(bitmap_git.result) * REUSE_PERCENT;
+
+	if (reuse_objects < reuse_threshold)
+		return -1;
+
+	bitmap_git.reuse_objects = *entries = reuse_objects;
+	*up_to = bitmap_git.pack->revindex[reuse_objects].offset;
+	*packfile = bitmap_git.pack;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void traverse_bitmap_commit_list(show_reachable_fn show_reachable)
+{
+	assert(bitmap_git.result);
+
+	show_objects_for_type(bitmap_git.result, bitmap_git.commits,
+		OBJ_COMMIT, show_reachable);
+	show_objects_for_type(bitmap_git.result, bitmap_git.trees,
+		OBJ_TREE, show_reachable);
+	show_objects_for_type(bitmap_git.result, bitmap_git.blobs,
+		OBJ_BLOB, show_reachable);
+	show_objects_for_type(bitmap_git.result, bitmap_git.tags,
+		OBJ_TAG, show_reachable);
+
+	show_extended_objects(bitmap_git.result, show_reachable);
+
+	bitmap_free(bitmap_git.result);
+	bitmap_git.result = NULL;
+}
+
+static uint32_t count_object_type(struct bitmap *objects,
+				  enum object_type type)
+{
+	struct eindex *eindex = &bitmap_git.ext_index;
+
+	uint32_t i = 0, count = 0;
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t filter;
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap_git.commits);
+		break;
+
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap_git.trees);
+		break;
+
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap_git.blobs);
+		break;
+
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap_git.tags);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	while (i < objects->word_alloc && ewah_iterator_next(&filter, &it)) {
+		eword_t word = objects->words[i++] & filter;
+		count += ewah_bit_popcount64(word);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < eindex->count; ++i) {
+		if (eindex->objects[i]->type == type &&
+			bitmap_get(objects, bitmap_git.pack->num_objects + i))
+			count++;
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+void count_bitmap_commit_list(uint32_t *commits, uint32_t *trees,
+			      uint32_t *blobs, uint32_t *tags)
+{
+	assert(bitmap_git.result);
+
+	if (commits)
+		*commits = count_object_type(bitmap_git.result, OBJ_COMMIT);
+
+	if (trees)
+		*trees = count_object_type(bitmap_git.result, OBJ_TREE);
+
+	if (blobs)
+		*blobs = count_object_type(bitmap_git.result, OBJ_BLOB);
+
+	if (tags)
+		*tags = count_object_type(bitmap_git.result, OBJ_TAG);
+}
+
+struct bitmap_test_data {
+	struct bitmap *base;
+	struct progress *prg;
+	size_t seen;
+};
+
+static void test_show_object(struct object *object, const char *name,
+			     void *data)
+{
+	struct bitmap_test_data *tdata = data;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	bitmap_pos = bitmap_position(object->oid.hash);
+	if (bitmap_pos < 0)
+		die("Object not in bitmap: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&object->oid));
+
+	bitmap_set(tdata->base, bitmap_pos);
+	display_progress(tdata->prg, ++tdata->seen);
+}
+
+static void test_show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	struct bitmap_test_data *tdata = data;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	bitmap_pos = bitmap_position(commit->object.oid.hash);
+	if (bitmap_pos < 0)
+		die("Object not in bitmap: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+
+	bitmap_set(tdata->base, bitmap_pos);
+	display_progress(tdata->prg, ++tdata->seen);
+}
+
+void test_bitmap_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct object *root;
+	struct bitmap *result = NULL;
+	khiter_t pos;
+	size_t result_popcnt;
+	struct bitmap_test_data tdata;
+
+	if (prepare_bitmap_git())
+		die("failed to load bitmap indexes");
+
+	if (revs->pending.nr != 1)
+		die("you must specify exactly one commit to test");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Bitmap v%d test (%d entries loaded)\n",
+		bitmap_git.version, bitmap_git.entry_count);
+
+	root = revs->pending.objects[0].item;
+	pos = kh_get_sha1(bitmap_git.bitmaps, root->oid.hash);
+
+	if (pos < kh_end(bitmap_git.bitmaps)) {
+		struct stored_bitmap *st = kh_value(bitmap_git.bitmaps, pos);
+		struct ewah_bitmap *bm = lookup_stored_bitmap(st);
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "Found bitmap for %s. %d bits / %08x checksum\n",
+			oid_to_hex(&root->oid), (int)bm->bit_size, ewah_checksum(bm));
+
+		result = ewah_to_bitmap(bm);
+	}
+
+	if (result == NULL)
+		die("Commit %s doesn't have an indexed bitmap", oid_to_hex(&root->oid));
+
+	revs->tag_objects = 1;
+	revs->tree_objects = 1;
+	revs->blob_objects = 1;
+
+	result_popcnt = bitmap_popcount(result);
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	tdata.base = bitmap_new();
+	tdata.prg = start_progress("Verifying bitmap entries", result_popcnt);
+	tdata.seen = 0;
+
+	traverse_commit_list(revs, &test_show_commit, &test_show_object, &tdata);
+
+	stop_progress(&tdata.prg);
+
+	if (bitmap_equals(result, tdata.base))
+		fprintf(stderr, "OK!\n");
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "Mismatch!\n");
+
+	bitmap_free(result);
+}
+
+static int rebuild_bitmap(uint32_t *reposition,
+			  struct ewah_bitmap *source,
+			  struct bitmap *dest)
+{
+	uint32_t pos = 0;
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t word;
+
+	ewah_iterator_init(&it, source);
+
+	while (ewah_iterator_next(&word, &it)) {
+		uint32_t offset, bit_pos;
+
+		for (offset = 0; offset < BITS_IN_EWORD; ++offset) {
+			if ((word >> offset) == 0)
+				break;
+
+			offset += ewah_bit_ctz64(word >> offset);
+
+			bit_pos = reposition[pos + offset];
+			if (bit_pos > 0)
+				bitmap_set(dest, bit_pos - 1);
+			else /* can't reuse, we don't have the object */
+				return -1;
+		}
+
+		pos += BITS_IN_EWORD;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int rebuild_existing_bitmaps(struct packing_data *mapping,
+			     khash_sha1 *reused_bitmaps,
+			     int show_progress)
+{
+	uint32_t i, num_objects;
+	uint32_t *reposition;
+	struct bitmap *rebuild;
+	struct stored_bitmap *stored;
+	struct progress *progress = NULL;
+
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+	int hash_ret;
+
+	if (prepare_bitmap_git() < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	num_objects = bitmap_git.pack->num_objects;
+	reposition = xcalloc(num_objects, sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_objects; ++i) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		struct revindex_entry *entry;
+		struct object_entry *oe;
+
+		entry = &bitmap_git.pack->revindex[i];
+		sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(bitmap_git.pack, entry->nr);
+		oe = packlist_find(mapping, sha1, NULL);
+
+		if (oe)
+			reposition[i] = oe->in_pack_pos + 1;
+	}
+
+	rebuild = bitmap_new();
+	i = 0;
+
+	if (show_progress)
+		progress = start_progress("Reusing bitmaps", 0);
+
+	kh_foreach_value(bitmap_git.bitmaps, stored, {
+		if (stored->flags & BITMAP_FLAG_REUSE) {
+			if (!rebuild_bitmap(reposition,
+					    lookup_stored_bitmap(stored),
+					    rebuild)) {
+				hash_pos = kh_put_sha1(reused_bitmaps,
+						       stored->sha1,
+						       &hash_ret);
+				kh_value(reused_bitmaps, hash_pos) =
+					bitmap_to_ewah(rebuild);
+			}
+			bitmap_reset(rebuild);
+			display_progress(progress, ++i);
+		}
+	});
+
+	stop_progress(&progress);
+
+	free(reposition);
+	bitmap_free(rebuild);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/pack-bitmap.h b/pack-bitmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0adcef77b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-bitmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#ifndef PACK_BITMAP_H
+#define PACK_BITMAP_H
+
+#include "ewah/ewok.h"
+#include "khash.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
+
+struct bitmap_disk_header {
+	char magic[4];
+	uint16_t version;
+	uint16_t options;
+	uint32_t entry_count;
+	unsigned char checksum[20];
+};
+
+static const char BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE[] = {'B', 'I', 'T', 'M'};
+
+#define NEEDS_BITMAP (1u<<22)
+
+enum pack_bitmap_opts {
+	BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG = 1,
+	BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE = 4,
+};
+
+enum pack_bitmap_flags {
+	BITMAP_FLAG_REUSE = 0x1
+};
+
+typedef int (*show_reachable_fn)(
+	const unsigned char *sha1,
+	enum object_type type,
+	int flags,
+	uint32_t hash,
+	struct packed_git *found_pack,
+	off_t found_offset);
+
+int prepare_bitmap_git(void);
+void count_bitmap_commit_list(uint32_t *commits, uint32_t *trees, uint32_t *blobs, uint32_t *tags);
+void traverse_bitmap_commit_list(show_reachable_fn show_reachable);
+void test_bitmap_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
+int prepare_bitmap_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
+int reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap(struct packed_git **packfile, uint32_t *entries, off_t *up_to);
+int rebuild_existing_bitmaps(struct packing_data *mapping, khash_sha1 *reused_bitmaps, int show_progress);
+
+void bitmap_writer_show_progress(int show);
+void bitmap_writer_set_checksum(unsigned char *sha1);
+void bitmap_writer_build_type_index(struct pack_idx_entry **index, uint32_t index_nr);
+void bitmap_writer_reuse_bitmaps(struct packing_data *to_pack);
+void bitmap_writer_select_commits(struct commit **indexed_commits,
+		unsigned int indexed_commits_nr, int max_bitmaps);
+void bitmap_writer_build(struct packing_data *to_pack);
+void bitmap_writer_finish(struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+			  uint32_t index_nr,
+			  const char *filename,
+			  uint16_t options);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/pack-check.c b/pack-check.c
index 63a595c45c..1da89a41ce 100644
--- a/pack-check.c
+++ b/pack-check.c
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ static int verify_packfile(struct packed_git *p,
 	 * we do not do scan-streaming check on the pack file.
 	 */
 	nr_objects = p->num_objects;
-	entries = xmalloc((nr_objects + 1) * sizeof(*entries));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(entries, nr_objects + 1);
 	entries[nr_objects].offset = pack_sig_ofs;
 	/* first sort entries by pack offset, since unpacking them is more efficient that way */
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ static int verify_packfile(struct packed_git *p,
 				    sha1_to_hex(entries[i].sha1), p->pack_name);
 		else if (fn) {
 			int eaten = 0;
-			fn(entries[i].sha1, type, size, data, &eaten);
+			err |= fn(entries[i].sha1, type, size, data, &eaten);
 			if (eaten)
 				data = NULL;
 		}
diff --git a/pack-objects.c b/pack-objects.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6398a8aa96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-objects.c
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
+
+static uint32_t locate_object_entry_hash(struct packing_data *pdata,
+					 const unsigned char *sha1,
+					 int *found)
+{
+	uint32_t i, mask = (pdata->index_size - 1);
+
+	i = sha1hash(sha1) & mask;
+
+	while (pdata->index[i] > 0) {
+		uint32_t pos = pdata->index[i] - 1;
+
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, pdata->objects[pos].idx.sha1)) {
+			*found = 1;
+			return i;
+		}
+
+		i = (i + 1) & mask;
+	}
+
+	*found = 0;
+	return i;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t closest_pow2(uint32_t v)
+{
+	v = v - 1;
+	v |= v >> 1;
+	v |= v >> 2;
+	v |= v >> 4;
+	v |= v >> 8;
+	v |= v >> 16;
+	return v + 1;
+}
+
+static void rehash_objects(struct packing_data *pdata)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+
+	pdata->index_size = closest_pow2(pdata->nr_objects * 3);
+	if (pdata->index_size < 1024)
+		pdata->index_size = 1024;
+
+	free(pdata->index);
+	pdata->index = xcalloc(pdata->index_size, sizeof(*pdata->index));
+
+	entry = pdata->objects;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pdata->nr_objects; i++) {
+		int found;
+		uint32_t ix = locate_object_entry_hash(pdata, entry->idx.sha1, &found);
+
+		if (found)
+			die("BUG: Duplicate object in hash");
+
+		pdata->index[ix] = i + 1;
+		entry++;
+	}
+}
+
+struct object_entry *packlist_find(struct packing_data *pdata,
+				   const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   uint32_t *index_pos)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	int found;
+
+	if (!pdata->index_size)
+		return NULL;
+
+	i = locate_object_entry_hash(pdata, sha1, &found);
+
+	if (index_pos)
+		*index_pos = i;
+
+	if (!found)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return &pdata->objects[pdata->index[i] - 1];
+}
+
+struct object_entry *packlist_alloc(struct packing_data *pdata,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    uint32_t index_pos)
+{
+	struct object_entry *new_entry;
+
+	if (pdata->nr_objects >= pdata->nr_alloc) {
+		pdata->nr_alloc = (pdata->nr_alloc  + 1024) * 3 / 2;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(pdata->objects, pdata->nr_alloc);
+	}
+
+	new_entry = pdata->objects + pdata->nr_objects++;
+
+	memset(new_entry, 0, sizeof(*new_entry));
+	hashcpy(new_entry->idx.sha1, sha1);
+
+	if (pdata->index_size * 3 <= pdata->nr_objects * 4)
+		rehash_objects(pdata);
+	else
+		pdata->index[index_pos] = pdata->nr_objects;
+
+	return new_entry;
+}
diff --git a/pack-objects.h b/pack-objects.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1b98b30ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-objects.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#ifndef PACK_OBJECTS_H
+#define PACK_OBJECTS_H
+
+struct object_entry {
+	struct pack_idx_entry idx;
+	unsigned long size;	/* uncompressed size */
+	struct packed_git *in_pack;	/* already in pack */
+	off_t in_pack_offset;
+	struct object_entry *delta;	/* delta base object */
+	struct object_entry *delta_child; /* deltified objects who bases me */
+	struct object_entry *delta_sibling; /* other deltified objects who
+					     * uses the same base as me
+					     */
+	void *delta_data;	/* cached delta (uncompressed) */
+	unsigned long delta_size;	/* delta data size (uncompressed) */
+	unsigned long z_delta_size;	/* delta data size (compressed) */
+	enum object_type type;
+	enum object_type in_pack_type;	/* could be delta */
+	uint32_t hash;			/* name hint hash */
+	unsigned int in_pack_pos;
+	unsigned char in_pack_header_size;
+	unsigned preferred_base:1; /*
+				    * we do not pack this, but is available
+				    * to be used as the base object to delta
+				    * objects against.
+				    */
+	unsigned no_try_delta:1;
+	unsigned tagged:1; /* near the very tip of refs */
+	unsigned filled:1; /* assigned write-order */
+};
+
+struct packing_data {
+	struct object_entry *objects;
+	uint32_t nr_objects, nr_alloc;
+
+	int32_t *index;
+	uint32_t index_size;
+};
+
+struct object_entry *packlist_alloc(struct packing_data *pdata,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    uint32_t index_pos);
+
+struct object_entry *packlist_find(struct packing_data *pdata,
+				   const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   uint32_t *index_pos);
+
+static inline uint32_t pack_name_hash(const char *name)
+{
+	uint32_t c, hash = 0;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * This effectively just creates a sortable number from the
+	 * last sixteen non-whitespace characters. Last characters
+	 * count "most", so things that end in ".c" sort together.
+	 */
+	while ((c = *name++) != 0) {
+		if (isspace(c))
+			continue;
+		hash = (hash >> 2) + (c << 24);
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/pack-refs.c b/pack-refs.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 23bbd00e3e..0000000000
--- a/pack-refs.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "refs.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
-
-struct ref_to_prune {
-	struct ref_to_prune *next;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-};
-
-struct pack_refs_cb_data {
-	unsigned int flags;
-	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
-	FILE *refs_file;
-};
-
-static int do_not_prune(int flags)
-{
-	/* If it is already packed or if it is a symref,
-	 * do not prune it.
-	 */
-	return (flags & (REF_ISSYMREF|REF_ISPACKED));
-}
-
-static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			  int flags, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
-	int is_tag_ref;
-
-	/* Do not pack the symbolic refs */
-	if ((flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
-		return 0;
-	is_tag_ref = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
-
-	/* ALWAYS pack refs that were already packed or are tags */
-	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref && !(flags & REF_ISPACKED))
-		return 0;
-
-	fprintf(cb->refs_file, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
-	if (is_tag_ref) {
-		struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
-			if (o)
-				fprintf(cb->refs_file, "^%s\n",
-					sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE) && !do_not_prune(flags)) {
-		int namelen = strlen(path) + 1;
-		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
-		hashcpy(n->sha1, sha1);
-		strcpy(n->name, path);
-		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
-		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
- * Note: munges *name.
- */
-static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
-{
-	char *p, *q;
-	int i;
-	p = name;
-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
-		while (*p && *p != '/')
-			p++;
-		/* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
-		while (*p == '/')
-			p++;
-	}
-	for (q = p; *q; q++)
-		;
-	while (1) {
-		while (q > p && *q != '/')
-			q--;
-		while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
-			q--;
-		if (q == p)
-			break;
-		*q = '\0';
-		if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
-			break;
-	}
-}
-
-/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
-static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
-{
-	struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
-
-	if (lock) {
-		unlink_or_warn(git_path("%s", r->name));
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
-	}
-}
-
-static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
-{
-	while (r) {
-		prune_ref(r);
-		r = r->next;
-	}
-}
-
-static struct lock_file packed;
-
-int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
-{
-	int fd;
-	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
-
-	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
-	cbdata.flags = flags;
-
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packed, git_path("packed-refs"),
-				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-	cbdata.refs_file = fdopen(fd, "w");
-	if (!cbdata.refs_file)
-		die_errno("unable to create ref-pack file structure");
-
-	/* perhaps other traits later as well */
-	fprintf(cbdata.refs_file, "# pack-refs with: peeled \n");
-
-	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &cbdata);
-	if (ferror(cbdata.refs_file))
-		die("failed to write ref-pack file");
-	if (fflush(cbdata.refs_file) || fsync(fd) || fclose(cbdata.refs_file))
-		die_errno("failed to write ref-pack file");
-	/*
-	 * Since the lock file was fdopen()'ed and then fclose()'ed above,
-	 * assign -1 to the lock file descriptor so that commit_lock_file()
-	 * won't try to close() it.
-	 */
-	packed.fd = -1;
-	if (commit_lock_file(&packed) < 0)
-		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
-	if (cbdata.flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE)
-		prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/pack-refs.h b/pack-refs.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 518acfb370..0000000000
--- a/pack-refs.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PACK_REFS_H
-#define PACK_REFS_H
-
-/*
- * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
- * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
- * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
- */
-#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
-#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
-
-/*
- * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
- * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
- */
-int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
-
-#endif /* PACK_REFS_H */
diff --git a/pack-revindex.c b/pack-revindex.c
index 77a0465be6..96d51c3467 100644
--- a/pack-revindex.c
+++ b/pack-revindex.c
@@ -8,75 +8,124 @@
  * size is easily available by examining the pack entry header).  It is
  * also rather expensive to find the sha1 for an object given its offset.
  *
- * We build a hashtable of existing packs (pack_revindex), and keep reverse
- * index here -- pack index file is sorted by object name mapping to offset;
- * this pack_revindex[].revindex array is a list of offset/index_nr pairs
+ * The pack index file is sorted by object name mapping to offset;
+ * this revindex array is a list of offset/index_nr pairs
  * ordered by offset, so if you know the offset of an object, next offset
  * is where its packed representation ends and the index_nr can be used to
  * get the object sha1 from the main index.
  */
 
-struct pack_revindex {
-	struct packed_git *p;
-	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
-};
-
-static struct pack_revindex *pack_revindex;
-static int pack_revindex_hashsz;
-
-static int pack_revindex_ix(struct packed_git *p)
-{
-	unsigned long ui = (unsigned long)p;
-	int i;
-
-	ui = ui ^ (ui >> 16); /* defeat structure alignment */
-	i = (int)(ui % pack_revindex_hashsz);
-	while (pack_revindex[i].p) {
-		if (pack_revindex[i].p == p)
-			return i;
-		if (++i == pack_revindex_hashsz)
-			i = 0;
-	}
-	return -1 - i;
-}
-
-static void init_pack_revindex(void)
+/*
+ * This is a least-significant-digit radix sort.
+ *
+ * It sorts each of the "n" items in "entries" by its offset field. The "max"
+ * parameter must be at least as large as the largest offset in the array,
+ * and lets us quit the sort early.
+ */
+static void sort_revindex(struct revindex_entry *entries, unsigned n, off_t max)
 {
-	int num;
-	struct packed_git *p;
-
-	for (num = 0, p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
-		num++;
-	if (!num)
-		return;
-	pack_revindex_hashsz = num * 11;
-	pack_revindex = xcalloc(sizeof(*pack_revindex), pack_revindex_hashsz);
-	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
-		num = pack_revindex_ix(p);
-		num = - 1 - num;
-		pack_revindex[num].p = p;
+	/*
+	 * We use a "digit" size of 16 bits. That keeps our memory
+	 * usage reasonable, and we can generally (for a 4G or smaller
+	 * packfile) quit after two rounds of radix-sorting.
+	 */
+#define DIGIT_SIZE (16)
+#define BUCKETS (1 << DIGIT_SIZE)
+	/*
+	 * We want to know the bucket that a[i] will go into when we are using
+	 * the digit that is N bits from the (least significant) end.
+	 */
+#define BUCKET_FOR(a, i, bits) (((a)[(i)].offset >> (bits)) & (BUCKETS-1))
+
+	/*
+	 * We need O(n) temporary storage. Rather than do an extra copy of the
+	 * partial results into "entries", we sort back and forth between the
+	 * real array and temporary storage. In each iteration of the loop, we
+	 * keep track of them with alias pointers, always sorting from "from"
+	 * to "to".
+	 */
+	struct revindex_entry *tmp, *from, *to;
+	int bits;
+	unsigned *pos;
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(pos, BUCKETS);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(tmp, n);
+	from = entries;
+	to = tmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * If (max >> bits) is zero, then we know that the radix digit we are
+	 * on (and any higher) will be zero for all entries, and our loop will
+	 * be a no-op, as everybody lands in the same zero-th bucket.
+	 */
+	for (bits = 0; max >> bits; bits += DIGIT_SIZE) {
+		struct revindex_entry *swap;
+		unsigned i;
+
+		memset(pos, 0, BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+		/*
+		 * We want pos[i] to store the index of the last element that
+		 * will go in bucket "i" (actually one past the last element).
+		 * To do this, we first count the items that will go in each
+		 * bucket, which gives us a relative offset from the last
+		 * bucket. We can then cumulatively add the index from the
+		 * previous bucket to get the true index.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]++;
+		for (i = 1; i < BUCKETS; i++)
+			pos[i] += pos[i-1];
+
+		/*
+		 * Now we can drop the elements into their correct buckets (in
+		 * our temporary array).  We iterate the pos counter backwards
+		 * to avoid using an extra index to count up. And since we are
+		 * going backwards there, we must also go backwards through the
+		 * array itself, to keep the sort stable.
+		 *
+		 * Note that we use an unsigned iterator to make sure we can
+		 * handle 2^32-1 objects, even on a 32-bit system. But this
+		 * means we cannot use the more obvious "i >= 0" loop condition
+		 * for counting backwards, and must instead check for
+		 * wrap-around with UINT_MAX.
+		 */
+		for (i = n - 1; i != UINT_MAX; i--)
+			to[--pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]] = from[i];
+
+		/*
+		 * Now "to" contains the most sorted list, so we swap "from" and
+		 * "to" for the next iteration.
+		 */
+		swap = from;
+		from = to;
+		to = swap;
 	}
-	/* revindex elements are lazily initialized */
-}
 
-static int cmp_offset(const void *a_, const void *b_)
-{
-	const struct revindex_entry *a = a_;
-	const struct revindex_entry *b = b_;
-	return (a->offset < b->offset) ? -1 : (a->offset > b->offset) ? 1 : 0;
+	/*
+	 * If we ended with our data in the original array, great. If not,
+	 * we have to move it back from the temporary storage.
+	 */
+	if (from != entries)
+		memcpy(entries, tmp, n * sizeof(*entries));
+	free(tmp);
+	free(pos);
+
+#undef BUCKET_FOR
+#undef BUCKETS
+#undef DIGIT_SIZE
 }
 
 /*
  * Ordered list of offsets of objects in the pack.
  */
-static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
+static void create_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p)
 {
-	struct packed_git *p = rix->p;
-	int num_ent = p->num_objects;
-	int i;
+	unsigned num_ent = p->num_objects;
+	unsigned i;
 	const char *index = p->index_data;
 
-	rix->revindex = xmalloc(sizeof(*rix->revindex) * (num_ent + 1));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(p->revindex, num_ent + 1);
 	index += 4 * 256;
 
 	if (p->index_version > 1) {
@@ -86,71 +135,66 @@ static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
 		for (i = 0; i < num_ent; i++) {
 			uint32_t off = ntohl(*off_32++);
 			if (!(off & 0x80000000)) {
-				rix->revindex[i].offset = off;
+				p->revindex[i].offset = off;
 			} else {
-				rix->revindex[i].offset =
+				p->revindex[i].offset =
 					((uint64_t)ntohl(*off_64++)) << 32;
-				rix->revindex[i].offset |=
+				p->revindex[i].offset |=
 					ntohl(*off_64++);
 			}
-			rix->revindex[i].nr = i;
+			p->revindex[i].nr = i;
 		}
 	} else {
 		for (i = 0; i < num_ent; i++) {
 			uint32_t hl = *((uint32_t *)(index + 24 * i));
-			rix->revindex[i].offset = ntohl(hl);
-			rix->revindex[i].nr = i;
+			p->revindex[i].offset = ntohl(hl);
+			p->revindex[i].nr = i;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/* This knows the pack format -- the 20-byte trailer
 	 * follows immediately after the last object data.
 	 */
-	rix->revindex[num_ent].offset = p->pack_size - 20;
-	rix->revindex[num_ent].nr = -1;
-	qsort(rix->revindex, num_ent, sizeof(*rix->revindex), cmp_offset);
+	p->revindex[num_ent].offset = p->pack_size - 20;
+	p->revindex[num_ent].nr = -1;
+	sort_revindex(p->revindex, num_ent, p->pack_size);
 }
 
-struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
+void load_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p)
 {
-	int num;
-	int lo, hi;
-	struct pack_revindex *rix;
-	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
-
-	if (!pack_revindex_hashsz)
-		init_pack_revindex();
-	num = pack_revindex_ix(p);
-	if (num < 0)
-		die("internal error: pack revindex fubar");
-
-	rix = &pack_revindex[num];
-	if (!rix->revindex)
-		create_pack_revindex(rix);
-	revindex = rix->revindex;
-
-	lo = 0;
-	hi = p->num_objects + 1;
+	if (!p->revindex)
+		create_pack_revindex(p);
+}
+
+int find_revindex_position(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
+{
+	int lo = 0;
+	int hi = p->num_objects + 1;
+	struct revindex_entry *revindex = p->revindex;
+
 	do {
-		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+		unsigned mi = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
 		if (revindex[mi].offset == ofs) {
-			return revindex + mi;
+			return mi;
 		} else if (ofs < revindex[mi].offset)
 			hi = mi;
 		else
 			lo = mi + 1;
 	} while (lo < hi);
+
 	error("bad offset for revindex");
-	return NULL;
+	return -1;
 }
 
-void discard_revindex(void)
+struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
 {
-	if (pack_revindex_hashsz) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < pack_revindex_hashsz; i++)
-			free(pack_revindex[i].revindex);
-		free(pack_revindex);
-		pack_revindex_hashsz = 0;
-	}
+	int pos;
+
+	load_pack_revindex(p);
+	pos = find_revindex_position(p, ofs);
+
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return p->revindex + pos;
 }
diff --git a/pack-revindex.h b/pack-revindex.h
index 8d5027ad91..e262f3efe8 100644
--- a/pack-revindex.h
+++ b/pack-revindex.h
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 #ifndef PACK_REVINDEX_H
 #define PACK_REVINDEX_H
 
+struct packed_git;
+
 struct revindex_entry {
 	off_t offset;
 	unsigned int nr;
 };
 
+void load_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p);
+int find_revindex_position(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs);
+
 struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs);
-void discard_revindex(void);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/pack-write.c b/pack-write.c
index de2bd01414..33293ce2a6 100644
--- a/pack-write.c
+++ b/pack-write.c
@@ -44,14 +44,13 @@ static int need_large_offset(off_t offset, const struct pack_idx_option *opts)
  */
 const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects,
 			   int nr_objects, const struct pack_idx_option *opts,
-			   unsigned char *sha1)
+			   const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct sha1file *f;
 	struct pack_idx_entry **sorted_by_sha, **list, **last;
 	off_t last_obj_offset = 0;
 	uint32_t array[256];
 	int i, fd;
-	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
 	uint32_t index_version;
 
 	if (nr_objects) {
@@ -73,9 +72,9 @@ const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objec
 		f = sha1fd_check(index_name);
 	} else {
 		if (!index_name) {
-			static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
-			fd = odb_mkstemp(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), "pack/tmp_idx_XXXXXX");
-			index_name = xstrdup(tmpfile);
+			static char tmp_file[PATH_MAX];
+			fd = odb_mkstemp(tmp_file, sizeof(tmp_file), "pack/tmp_idx_XXXXXX");
+			index_name = xstrdup(tmp_file);
 		} else {
 			unlink(index_name);
 			fd = open(index_name, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0600);
@@ -114,9 +113,6 @@ const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objec
 	}
 	sha1write(f, array, 256 * 4);
 
-	/* compute the SHA1 hash of sorted object names. */
-	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
-
 	/*
 	 * Write the actual SHA1 entries..
 	 */
@@ -128,7 +124,6 @@ const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objec
 			sha1write(f, &offset, 4);
 		}
 		sha1write(f, obj->sha1, 20);
-		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, obj->sha1, 20);
 		if ((opts->flags & WRITE_IDX_STRICT) &&
 		    (i && !hashcmp(list[-2]->sha1, obj->sha1)))
 			die("The same object %s appears twice in the pack",
@@ -178,7 +173,6 @@ const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objec
 	sha1write(f, sha1, 20);
 	sha1close(f, NULL, ((opts->flags & WRITE_IDX_VERIFY)
 			    ? CSUM_CLOSE : CSUM_FSYNC));
-	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
 	return index_name;
 }
 
@@ -189,8 +183,7 @@ off_t write_pack_header(struct sha1file *f, uint32_t nr_entries)
 	hdr.hdr_signature = htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE);
 	hdr.hdr_version = htonl(PACK_VERSION);
 	hdr.hdr_entries = htonl(nr_entries);
-	if (sha1write(f, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)))
-		return 0;
+	sha1write(f, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
 	return sizeof(hdr);
 }
 
@@ -295,13 +288,12 @@ char *index_pack_lockfile(int ip_out)
 	 * case, we need it to remove the corresponding .keep file
 	 * later on.  If we don't get that then tough luck with it.
 	 */
-	if (read_in_full(ip_out, packname, 46) == 46 && packname[45] == '\n' &&
-	    memcmp(packname, "keep\t", 5) == 0) {
-		char path[PATH_MAX];
+	if (read_in_full(ip_out, packname, 46) == 46 && packname[45] == '\n') {
+		const char *name;
 		packname[45] = 0;
-		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
-			 get_object_directory(), packname + 5);
-		return xstrdup(path);
+		if (skip_prefix(packname, "keep\t", &name))
+			return xstrfmt("%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
+				       get_object_directory(), name);
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -343,7 +335,7 @@ struct sha1file *create_tmp_packfile(char **pack_tmp_name)
 	return sha1fd(fd, *pack_tmp_name);
 }
 
-void finish_tmp_packfile(char *name_buffer,
+void finish_tmp_packfile(struct strbuf *name_buffer,
 			 const char *pack_tmp_name,
 			 struct pack_idx_entry **written_list,
 			 uint32_t nr_written,
@@ -351,7 +343,7 @@ void finish_tmp_packfile(char *name_buffer,
 			 unsigned char sha1[])
 {
 	const char *idx_tmp_name;
-	char *end_of_name_prefix = strrchr(name_buffer, 0);
+	int basename_len = name_buffer->len;
 
 	if (adjust_shared_perm(pack_tmp_name))
 		die_errno("unable to make temporary pack file readable");
@@ -361,15 +353,19 @@ void finish_tmp_packfile(char *name_buffer,
 	if (adjust_shared_perm(idx_tmp_name))
 		die_errno("unable to make temporary index file readable");
 
-	sprintf(end_of_name_prefix, "%s.pack", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	free_pack_by_name(name_buffer);
+	strbuf_addf(name_buffer, "%s.pack", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	free_pack_by_name(name_buffer->buf);
 
-	if (rename(pack_tmp_name, name_buffer))
+	if (rename(pack_tmp_name, name_buffer->buf))
 		die_errno("unable to rename temporary pack file");
 
-	sprintf(end_of_name_prefix, "%s.idx", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	if (rename(idx_tmp_name, name_buffer))
+	strbuf_setlen(name_buffer, basename_len);
+
+	strbuf_addf(name_buffer, "%s.idx", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (rename(idx_tmp_name, name_buffer->buf))
 		die_errno("unable to rename temporary index file");
 
+	strbuf_setlen(name_buffer, basename_len);
+
 	free((void *)idx_tmp_name);
 }
diff --git a/pack.h b/pack.h
index aa6ee7d606..3223f5a038 100644
--- a/pack.h
+++ b/pack.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ struct pack_idx_entry {
 struct progress;
 typedef int (*verify_fn)(const unsigned char*, enum object_type, unsigned long, void*, int*);
 
-extern const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects, int nr_objects, const struct pack_idx_option *, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects, int nr_objects, const struct pack_idx_option *, const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int check_pack_crc(struct packed_git *p, struct pack_window **w_curs, off_t offset, off_t len, unsigned int nr);
 extern int verify_pack_index(struct packed_git *);
 extern int verify_pack(struct packed_git *, verify_fn fn, struct progress *, uint32_t);
@@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ extern int encode_in_pack_object_header(enum object_type, uintmax_t, unsigned ch
 extern int read_pack_header(int fd, struct pack_header *);
 
 extern struct sha1file *create_tmp_packfile(char **pack_tmp_name);
-extern void finish_tmp_packfile(char *name_buffer, const char *pack_tmp_name, struct pack_idx_entry **written_list, uint32_t nr_written, struct pack_idx_option *pack_idx_opts, unsigned char sha1[]);
+extern void finish_tmp_packfile(struct strbuf *name_buffer, const char *pack_tmp_name, struct pack_idx_entry **written_list, uint32_t nr_written, struct pack_idx_option *pack_idx_opts, unsigned char sha1[]);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/pager.c b/pager.c
index 975955ba82..4bc048148e 100644
--- a/pager.c
+++ b/pager.c
@@ -11,37 +11,31 @@
  * something different on Windows.
  */
 
-#ifndef WIN32
-static void pager_preexec(void)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Work around bug in "less" by not starting it until we
-	 * have real input
-	 */
-	fd_set in;
-
-	FD_ZERO(&in);
-	FD_SET(0, &in);
-	select(1, &in, NULL, &in, NULL);
-}
-#endif
+static struct child_process pager_process = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
-static const char *pager_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
-static struct child_process pager_process;
-
-static void wait_for_pager(void)
+static void wait_for_pager(int in_signal)
 {
-	fflush(stdout);
-	fflush(stderr);
+	if (!in_signal) {
+		fflush(stdout);
+		fflush(stderr);
+	}
 	/* signal EOF to pager */
 	close(1);
 	close(2);
-	finish_command(&pager_process);
+	if (in_signal)
+		finish_command_in_signal(&pager_process);
+	else
+		finish_command(&pager_process);
+}
+
+static void wait_for_pager_atexit(void)
+{
+	wait_for_pager(0);
 }
 
 static void wait_for_pager_signal(int signo)
 {
-	wait_for_pager();
+	wait_for_pager(1);
 	sigchain_pop(signo);
 	raise(signo);
 }
@@ -63,12 +57,22 @@ const char *git_pager(int stdout_is_tty)
 		pager = getenv("PAGER");
 	if (!pager)
 		pager = DEFAULT_PAGER;
-	else if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
+	if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
 		pager = NULL;
 
 	return pager;
 }
 
+void prepare_pager_args(struct child_process *pager_process, const char *pager)
+{
+	argv_array_push(&pager_process->args, pager);
+	pager_process->use_shell = 1;
+	if (!getenv("LESS"))
+		argv_array_push(&pager_process->env_array, "LESS=FRX");
+	if (!getenv("LV"))
+		argv_array_push(&pager_process->env_array, "LV=-c");
+}
+
 void setup_pager(void)
 {
 	const char *pager = git_pager(isatty(1));
@@ -76,20 +80,18 @@ void setup_pager(void)
 	if (!pager)
 		return;
 
+	/*
+	 * force computing the width of the terminal before we redirect
+	 * the standard output to the pager.
+	 */
+	(void) term_columns();
+
 	setenv("GIT_PAGER_IN_USE", "true", 1);
 
 	/* spawn the pager */
-	pager_argv[0] = pager;
-	pager_process.use_shell = 1;
-	pager_process.argv = pager_argv;
+	prepare_pager_args(&pager_process, pager);
 	pager_process.in = -1;
-	if (!getenv("LESS")) {
-		static const char *env[] = { "LESS=FRSX", NULL };
-		pager_process.env = env;
-	}
-#ifndef WIN32
-	pager_process.preexec_cb = pager_preexec;
-#endif
+	argv_array_push(&pager_process.env_array, "GIT_PAGER_IN_USE");
 	if (start_command(&pager_process))
 		return;
 
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ void setup_pager(void)
 
 	/* this makes sure that the parent terminates after the pager */
 	sigchain_push_common(wait_for_pager_signal);
-	atexit(wait_for_pager);
+	atexit(wait_for_pager_atexit);
 }
 
 int pager_in_use(void)
@@ -110,3 +112,67 @@ int pager_in_use(void)
 	env = getenv("GIT_PAGER_IN_USE");
 	return env ? git_config_bool("GIT_PAGER_IN_USE", env) : 0;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Return cached value (if set) or $COLUMNS environment variable (if
+ * set and positive) or ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ).ws_col (if positive),
+ * and default to 80 if all else fails.
+ */
+int term_columns(void)
+{
+	static int term_columns_at_startup;
+
+	char *col_string;
+	int n_cols;
+
+	if (term_columns_at_startup)
+		return term_columns_at_startup;
+
+	term_columns_at_startup = 80;
+
+	col_string = getenv("COLUMNS");
+	if (col_string && (n_cols = atoi(col_string)) > 0)
+		term_columns_at_startup = n_cols;
+#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
+	else {
+		struct winsize ws;
+		if (!ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) && ws.ws_col)
+			term_columns_at_startup = ws.ws_col;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	return term_columns_at_startup;
+}
+
+/*
+ * How many columns do we need to show this number in decimal?
+ */
+int decimal_width(uintmax_t number)
+{
+	int width;
+
+	for (width = 1; number >= 10; width++)
+		number /= 10;
+	return width;
+}
+
+/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
+int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
+{
+	int want = -1;
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *value = NULL;
+	strbuf_addf(&key, "pager.%s", cmd);
+	if (git_config_key_is_valid(key.buf) &&
+	    !git_config_get_value(key.buf, &value)) {
+		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(key.buf, value);
+		if (b >= 0)
+			want = b;
+		else {
+			want = 1;
+			pager_program = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+	return want;
+}
diff --git a/parse-options-cb.c b/parse-options-cb.c
index 0de5fb168a..ba5acf3111 100644
--- a/parse-options-cb.c
+++ b/parse-options-cb.c
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
 
 /*----- some often used options -----*/
 
@@ -33,6 +35,12 @@ int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			     int unset)
+{
+	return parse_expiry_date(arg, (unsigned long *)opt->value);
+}
+
 int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 			    int unset)
 {
@@ -70,7 +78,7 @@ int parse_opt_verbosity_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+int parse_opt_commits(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct commit *commit;
@@ -86,6 +94,22 @@ int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int parse_opt_object_name(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (unset) {
+		sha1_array_clear(opt->value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+		return error(_("malformed object name '%s'"), arg);
+	sha1_array_append(opt->value, sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int parse_opt_tertiary(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	int *target = opt->value;
@@ -120,7 +144,7 @@ int parse_opt_string_list(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	if (!arg)
 		return -1;
 
-	string_list_append(v, xstrdup(arg));
+	string_list_append(v, arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -128,3 +152,71 @@ int parse_opt_noop_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Recreates the command-line option in the strbuf.
+ */
+static int recreate_opt(struct strbuf *sb, const struct option *opt,
+		const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+
+	if (opt->long_name) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, unset ? "--no-" : "--");
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, opt->long_name);
+		if (arg) {
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '=');
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, arg);
+		}
+	} else if (opt->short_name && !unset) {
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '-');
+		strbuf_addch(sb, opt->short_name);
+		if (arg)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, arg);
+	} else
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * For an option opt, recreates the command-line option in opt->value which
+ * must be an char* initialized to NULL. This is useful when we need to pass
+ * the command-line option to another command. Since any previous value will be
+ * overwritten, this callback should only be used for options where the last
+ * one wins.
+ */
+int parse_opt_passthru(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char **opt_value = opt->value;
+
+	if (recreate_opt(&sb, opt, arg, unset) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (*opt_value)
+		free(*opt_value);
+
+	*opt_value = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * For an option opt, recreate the command-line option, appending it to
+ * opt->value which must be a argv_array. This is useful when we need to pass
+ * the command-line option, which can be specified multiple times, to another
+ * command.
+ */
+int parse_opt_passthru_argv(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct argv_array *opt_value = opt->value;
+
+	if (recreate_opt(&sb, opt, arg, unset) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	argv_array_push(opt_value, sb.buf);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index f0098eb8ea..312a85dbde 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -3,30 +3,22 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "color.h"
-
-static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
-			       const char * const *usagestr,
-			       const struct option *opts, int err);
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 #define OPT_SHORT 1
 #define OPT_UNSET 2
 
 int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason)
 {
-	if (opt->long_name)
+	if (opt->long_name) {
+		if (opt->short_name)
+			return error("BUG: switch '%c' (--%s) %s",
+				     opt->short_name, opt->long_name, reason);
 		return error("BUG: option '%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	}
 	return error("BUG: switch '%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
 }
 
-int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
-{
-	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
-		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
-	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
-		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-}
-
 static int get_arg(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *opt,
 		   int flags, const char **arg)
 {
@@ -51,8 +43,42 @@ static void fix_filename(const char *prefix, const char **file)
 	*file = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), *file));
 }
 
+static int opt_command_mode_error(const struct option *opt,
+				  const struct option *all_opts,
+				  int flags)
+{
+	const struct option *that;
+	struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf that_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the other option that was used to set the variable
+	 * already, and report that this is not compatible with it.
+	 */
+	for (that = all_opts; that->type != OPTION_END; that++) {
+		if (that == opt ||
+		    that->type != OPTION_CMDMODE ||
+		    that->value != opt->value ||
+		    that->defval != *(int *)opt->value)
+			continue;
+
+		if (that->long_name)
+			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "--%s", that->long_name);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "-%c", that->short_name);
+		strbuf_addf(&message, ": incompatible with %s", that_name.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&that_name);
+		opterror(opt, message.buf, flags);
+		strbuf_release(&message);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return opterror(opt, ": incompatible with something else", flags);
+}
+
 static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
-		     const struct option *opt, int flags)
+		     const struct option *opt,
+		     const struct option *all_opts,
+		     int flags)
 {
 	const char *s, *arg;
 	const int unset = flags & OPT_UNSET;
@@ -84,6 +110,8 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 		return 0;
 
 	case OPTION_COUNTUP:
+		if (*(int *)opt->value < 0)
+			*(int *)opt->value = 0;
 		*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : *(int *)opt->value + 1;
 		return 0;
 
@@ -91,8 +119,14 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 		*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : opt->defval;
 		return 0;
 
-	case OPTION_SET_PTR:
-		*(void **)opt->value = unset ? NULL : (void *)opt->defval;
+	case OPTION_CMDMODE:
+		/*
+		 * Giving the same mode option twice, although is unnecessary,
+		 * is not a grave error, so let it pass.
+		 */
+		if (*(int *)opt->value && *(int *)opt->value != opt->defval)
+			return opt_command_mode_error(opt, all_opts, flags);
+		*(int *)opt->value = opt->defval;
 		return 0;
 
 	case OPTION_STRING:
@@ -144,6 +178,23 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 			return opterror(opt, "expects a numerical value", flags);
 		return 0;
 
+	case OPTION_MAGNITUDE:
+		if (unset) {
+			*(unsigned long *)opt->value = 0;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt) {
+			*(unsigned long *)opt->value = opt->defval;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (get_arg(p, opt, flags, &arg))
+			return -1;
+		if (!git_parse_ulong(arg, opt->value))
+			return opterror(opt,
+				"expects a non-negative integer value with an optional k/m/g suffix",
+				flags);
+		return 0;
+
 	default:
 		die("should not happen, someone must be hit on the forehead");
 	}
@@ -151,12 +202,13 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 
 static int parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
 	const struct option *numopt = NULL;
 
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (options->short_name == *p->opt) {
 			p->opt = p->opt[1] ? p->opt + 1 : NULL;
-			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+			return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -185,21 +237,21 @@ static int parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *optio
 static int parse_long_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
                           const struct option *options)
 {
-	const char *arg_end = strchr(arg, '=');
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
+	const char *arg_end = strchrnul(arg, '=');
 	const struct option *abbrev_option = NULL, *ambiguous_option = NULL;
 	int abbrev_flags = 0, ambiguous_flags = 0;
 
-	if (!arg_end)
-		arg_end = arg + strlen(arg);
-
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
-		const char *rest;
-		int flags = 0;
+		const char *rest, *long_name = options->long_name;
+		int flags = 0, opt_flags = 0;
 
-		if (!options->long_name)
+		if (!long_name)
 			continue;
 
-		rest = skip_prefix(arg, options->long_name);
+again:
+		if (!skip_prefix(arg, long_name, &rest))
+			rest = NULL;
 		if (options->type == OPTION_ARGUMENT) {
 			if (!rest)
 				continue;
@@ -212,7 +264,7 @@ static int parse_long_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
 		}
 		if (!rest) {
 			/* abbreviated? */
-			if (!strncmp(options->long_name, arg, arg_end - arg)) {
+			if (!strncmp(long_name, arg, arg_end - arg)) {
 is_abbreviated:
 				if (abbrev_option) {
 					/*
@@ -227,34 +279,41 @@ is_abbreviated:
 				if (!(flags & OPT_UNSET) && *arg_end)
 					p->opt = arg_end + 1;
 				abbrev_option = options;
-				abbrev_flags = flags;
+				abbrev_flags = flags ^ opt_flags;
 				continue;
 			}
 			/* negation allowed? */
 			if (options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG)
 				continue;
 			/* negated and abbreviated very much? */
-			if (!prefixcmp("no-", arg)) {
+			if (starts_with("no-", arg)) {
 				flags |= OPT_UNSET;
 				goto is_abbreviated;
 			}
 			/* negated? */
-			if (strncmp(arg, "no-", 3))
+			if (!starts_with(arg, "no-")) {
+				if (starts_with(long_name, "no-")) {
+					long_name += 3;
+					opt_flags |= OPT_UNSET;
+					goto again;
+				}
 				continue;
+			}
 			flags |= OPT_UNSET;
-			rest = skip_prefix(arg + 3, options->long_name);
-			/* abbreviated and negated? */
-			if (!rest && !prefixcmp(options->long_name, arg + 3))
-				goto is_abbreviated;
-			if (!rest)
-				continue;
+			if (!skip_prefix(arg + 3, long_name, &rest)) {
+				/* abbreviated and negated? */
+				if (starts_with(long_name, arg + 3))
+					goto is_abbreviated;
+				else
+					continue;
+			}
 		}
 		if (*rest) {
 			if (*rest != '=')
 				continue;
 			p->opt = rest + 1;
 		}
-		return get_value(p, options, flags);
+		return get_value(p, options, all_opts, flags ^ opt_flags);
 	}
 
 	if (ambiguous_option)
@@ -266,18 +325,20 @@ is_abbreviated:
 			(abbrev_flags & OPT_UNSET) ?  "no-" : "",
 			abbrev_option->long_name);
 	if (abbrev_option)
-		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, abbrev_flags);
+		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, all_opts, abbrev_flags);
 	return -2;
 }
 
 static int parse_nodash_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
 			    const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
+
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH))
 			continue;
 		if (options->short_name == arg[0] && arg[1] == '\0')
-			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+			return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
 	}
 	return -2;
 }
@@ -287,7 +348,7 @@ static void check_typos(const char *arg, const struct option *options)
 	if (strlen(arg) < 3)
 		return;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "no-")) {
+	if (starts_with(arg, "no-")) {
 		error ("did you mean `--%s` (with two dashes ?)", arg);
 		exit(129);
 	}
@@ -295,7 +356,7 @@ static void check_typos(const char *arg, const struct option *options)
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (!options->long_name)
 			continue;
-		if (!prefixcmp(options->long_name, arg)) {
+		if (starts_with(options->long_name, arg)) {
 			error ("did you mean `--%s` (with two dashes ?)", arg);
 			exit(129);
 		}
@@ -305,12 +366,20 @@ static void check_typos(const char *arg, const struct option *options)
 static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
 {
 	int err = 0;
+	char short_opts[128];
 
+	memset(short_opts, '\0', sizeof(short_opts));
 	for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT) &&
 		    (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG))
 			err |= optbug(opts, "uses incompatible flags "
 					"LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG");
+		if (opts->short_name) {
+			if (0x7F <= opts->short_name)
+				err |= optbug(opts, "invalid short name");
+			else if (short_opts[opts->short_name]++)
+				err |= optbug(opts, "short name already used");
+		}
 		if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH &&
 		    ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
 		     !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG) ||
@@ -323,7 +392,6 @@ static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
 		case OPTION_BIT:
 		case OPTION_NEGBIT:
 		case OPTION_SET_INT:
-		case OPTION_SET_PTR:
 		case OPTION_NUMBER:
 			if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
 			    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
@@ -331,6 +399,9 @@ static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
 		default:
 			; /* ok. (usually accepts an argument) */
 		}
+		if (opts->argh &&
+		    strcspn(opts->argh, " _") != strlen(opts->argh))
+			err |= optbug(opts, "multi-word argh should use dash to separate words");
 	}
 	if (err)
 		exit(128);
@@ -341,7 +412,7 @@ void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			 const struct option *options, int flags)
 {
 	memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
-	ctx->argc = argc - 1;
+	ctx->argc = ctx->total = argc - 1;
 	ctx->argv = argv + 1;
 	ctx->out  = argv;
 	ctx->prefix = prefix;
@@ -362,6 +433,7 @@ int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		       const char * const usagestr[])
 {
 	int internal_help = !(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
+	int err = 0;
 
 	/* we must reset ->opt, unknown short option leave it dangling */
 	ctx->opt = NULL;
@@ -378,25 +450,32 @@ int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		/* lone -h asks for help */
+		if (internal_help && ctx->total == 1 && !strcmp(arg + 1, "h"))
+			goto show_usage;
+
 		if (arg[1] != '-') {
 			ctx->opt = arg + 1;
-			if (internal_help && *ctx->opt == 'h')
-				return parse_options_usage(ctx, usagestr, options, 0);
 			switch (parse_short_opt(ctx, options)) {
 			case -1:
-				return parse_options_usage(ctx, usagestr, options, 1);
+				goto show_usage_error;
 			case -2:
+				if (ctx->opt)
+					check_typos(arg + 1, options);
+				if (internal_help && *ctx->opt == 'h')
+					goto show_usage;
 				goto unknown;
 			}
 			if (ctx->opt)
 				check_typos(arg + 1, options);
 			while (ctx->opt) {
-				if (internal_help && *ctx->opt == 'h')
-					return parse_options_usage(ctx, usagestr, options, 0);
 				switch (parse_short_opt(ctx, options)) {
 				case -1:
-					return parse_options_usage(ctx, usagestr, options, 1);
+					goto show_usage_error;
 				case -2:
+					if (internal_help && *ctx->opt == 'h')
+						goto show_usage;
+
 					/* fake a short option thing to hide the fact that we may have
 					 * started to parse aggregated stuff
 					 *
@@ -421,10 +500,10 @@ int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		if (internal_help && !strcmp(arg + 2, "help-all"))
 			return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, options, 1, 0);
 		if (internal_help && !strcmp(arg + 2, "help"))
-			return parse_options_usage(ctx, usagestr, options, 0);
+			goto show_usage;
 		switch (parse_long_opt(ctx, arg + 2, options)) {
 		case -1:
-			return parse_options_usage(ctx, usagestr, options, 1);
+			goto show_usage_error;
 		case -2:
 			goto unknown;
 		}
@@ -436,6 +515,11 @@ unknown:
 		ctx->opt = NULL;
 	}
 	return PARSE_OPT_DONE;
+
+ show_usage_error:
+	err = 1;
+ show_usage:
+	return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, options, 0, err);
 }
 
 int parse_options_end(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx)
@@ -461,12 +545,16 @@ int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	default: /* PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN */
 		if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-') {
 			error("unknown option `%s'", ctx.argv[0] + 2);
-		} else {
+		} else if (isascii(*ctx.opt)) {
 			error("unknown switch `%c'", *ctx.opt);
+		} else {
+			error("unknown non-ascii option in string: `%s'",
+			      ctx.argv[0]);
 		}
 		usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
 	}
 
+	precompose_argv(argc, argv);
 	return parse_options_end(&ctx);
 }
 
@@ -481,7 +569,7 @@ static int usage_argh(const struct option *opts, FILE *outfile)
 			s = literal ? "[%s]" : "[<%s>]";
 	else
 		s = literal ? " %s" : " <%s>";
-	return fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? opts->argh : "...");
+	return utf8_fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
 }
 
 #define USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH 24
@@ -499,13 +587,16 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 	if (!err && ctx && ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_SHELL_EVAL)
 		fprintf(outfile, "cat <<\\EOF\n");
 
-	fprintf(outfile, "usage: %s\n", *usagestr++);
+	fprintf_ln(outfile, _("usage: %s"), _(*usagestr++));
 	while (*usagestr && **usagestr)
-		fprintf(outfile, "   or: %s\n", *usagestr++);
+		/* TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+		   one in "usage: %s" translation */
+		fprintf_ln(outfile, _("   or: %s"), _(*usagestr++));
 	while (*usagestr) {
-		fprintf(outfile, "%s%s\n",
-				**usagestr ? "    " : "",
-				*usagestr);
+		if (**usagestr)
+			fprintf_ln(outfile, _("    %s"), _(*usagestr));
+		else
+			putchar('\n');
 		usagestr++;
 	}
 
@@ -519,14 +610,14 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_GROUP) {
 			fputc('\n', outfile);
 			if (*opts->help)
-				fprintf(outfile, "%s\n", opts->help);
+				fprintf(outfile, "%s\n", _(opts->help));
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!full && (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN))
 			continue;
 
 		pos = fprintf(outfile, "    ");
-		if (opts->short_name && !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP)) {
+		if (opts->short_name) {
 			if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH)
 				pos += fprintf(outfile, "%c", opts->short_name);
 			else
@@ -535,11 +626,9 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		if (opts->long_name && opts->short_name)
 			pos += fprintf(outfile, ", ");
 		if (opts->long_name)
-			pos += fprintf(outfile, "--%s%s",
-				(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP) ?  "no-" : "",
-				opts->long_name);
+			pos += fprintf(outfile, "--%s", opts->long_name);
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
-			pos += fprintf(outfile, "-NUM");
+			pos += utf8_fprintf(outfile, _("-NUM"));
 
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
 		    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
@@ -551,7 +640,7 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			fputc('\n', outfile);
 			pad = USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH;
 		}
-		fprintf(outfile, "%*s%s\n", pad + USAGE_GAP, "", opts->help);
+		fprintf(outfile, "%*s%s\n", pad + USAGE_GAP, "", _(opts->help));
 	}
 	fputc('\n', outfile);
 
@@ -576,10 +665,12 @@ void NORETURN usage_msg_opt(const char *msg,
 	usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
 }
 
-static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
-			       const char * const *usagestr,
-			       const struct option *opts, int err)
+#undef opterror
+int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
 {
-	return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, opts, 0, err);
+	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
+		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
+	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
+		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
 }
-
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index 2e811dc7da..ea4af92a51 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -12,18 +12,16 @@ enum parse_opt_type {
 	OPTION_NEGBIT,
 	OPTION_COUNTUP,
 	OPTION_SET_INT,
-	OPTION_SET_PTR,
+	OPTION_CMDMODE,
 	/* options with arguments (usually) */
 	OPTION_STRING,
 	OPTION_INTEGER,
+	OPTION_MAGNITUDE,
 	OPTION_CALLBACK,
 	OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK,
 	OPTION_FILENAME
 };
 
-/* Deprecated synonym */
-#define OPTION_BOOLEAN OPTION_COUNTUP
-
 enum parse_opt_flags {
 	PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH = 1,
 	PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION = 2,
@@ -40,7 +38,6 @@ enum parse_opt_option_flags {
 	PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT = 16,
 	PARSE_OPT_NODASH = 32,
 	PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP = 64,
-	PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP = 128,
 	PARSE_OPT_SHELL_EVAL = 256
 };
 
@@ -67,12 +64,14 @@ typedef int parse_opt_ll_cb(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
  *
  * `argh`::
  *   token to explain the kind of argument this option wants. Keep it
- *   homogeneous across the repository.
+ *   homogeneous across the repository. Should be wrapped by N_() for
+ *   translation.
  *
  * `help`::
  *   the short help associated to what the option does.
  *   Must never be NULL (except for OPTION_END).
  *   OPTION_GROUP uses this pointer to store the group header.
+ *   Should be wrapped by N_() for translation.
  *
  * `flags`::
  *   mask of parse_opt_option_flags.
@@ -90,9 +89,6 @@ typedef int parse_opt_ll_cb(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
  *   PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP: says that argh shouldn't be enclosed in brackets
  *				(i.e. '<argh>') in the help message.
  *				Useful for options with multiple parameters.
- *   PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP: says that the long option should always be shown with
- *				the --no prefix in the usage message. Sometimes
- *				useful for users of OPTION_NEGBIT.
  *
  * `callback`::
  *   pointer to the callback to use for OPTION_CALLBACK or
@@ -100,8 +96,7 @@ typedef int parse_opt_ll_cb(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
  *
  * `defval`::
  *   default value to fill (*->value) with for PARSE_OPT_OPTARG.
- *   OPTION_{BIT,SET_INT,SET_PTR} store the {mask,integer,pointer} to put in
- *   the value when met.
+ *   OPTION_{BIT,SET_INT} store the {mask,integer} to put in the value when met.
  *   CALLBACKS can use it like they want.
  */
 struct option {
@@ -130,9 +125,13 @@ struct option {
 #define OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, i)  { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (i) }
 #define OPT_BOOL(s, l, v, h)        OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, 1)
-#define OPT_SET_PTR(s, l, v, h, p)  { OPTION_SET_PTR, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
-				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (p) }
-#define OPT_INTEGER(s, l, v, h)     { OPTION_INTEGER, (s), (l), (v), "n", (h) }
+#define OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(s, l, v, h) { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1}
+#define OPT_CMDMODE(s, l, v, h, i)  { OPTION_CMDMODE, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG|PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, (i) }
+#define OPT_INTEGER(s, l, v, h)     { OPTION_INTEGER, (s), (l), (v), N_("n"), (h) }
+#define OPT_MAGNITUDE(s, l, v, h)   { OPTION_MAGNITUDE, (s), (l), (v), \
+				      N_("n"), (h), PARSE_OPT_NONEG }
 #define OPT_STRING(s, l, v, a, h)   { OPTION_STRING,  (s), (l), (v), (a), (h) }
 #define OPT_STRING_LIST(s, l, v, a, h) \
 				    { OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), \
@@ -140,29 +139,30 @@ struct option {
 #define OPT_UYN(s, l, v, h)         { OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_tertiary }
 #define OPT_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), "time",(h), 0, \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("time"),(h), 0,	\
 	  parse_opt_approxidate_cb }
+#define OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("expiry-date"),(h), 0,	\
+	  parse_opt_expiry_date_cb }
 #define OPT_CALLBACK(s, l, v, a, h, f) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), (h), 0, (f) }
 #define OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(v, h, f) \
 	{ OPTION_NUMBER, 0, NULL, (v), NULL, (h), \
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, (f) }
 #define OPT_FILENAME(s, l, v, h)    { OPTION_FILENAME, (s), (l), (v), \
-				       "file", (h) }
+				       N_("file"), (h) }
 #define OPT_COLOR_FLAG(s, l, v, h) \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), "when", (h), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("when"), (h), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, \
 		parse_opt_color_flag_cb, (intptr_t)"always" }
 
 #define OPT_NOOP_NOARG(s, l) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), NULL, NULL, \
-	  "no-op (backward compatibility)", \
+	  N_("no-op (backward compatibility)"),		\
 	  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, parse_opt_noop_cb }
 
-/* Deprecated synonym */
-#define OPT_BOOLEAN OPT_COUNTUP
-
 /* parse_options() will filter out the processed options and leave the
- * non-option arguments in argv[].
+ * non-option arguments in argv[]. usagestr strings should be marked
+ * for translation with N_().
  * Returns the number of arguments left in argv[].
  */
 extern int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
@@ -178,6 +178,10 @@ extern NORETURN void usage_msg_opt(const char *msg,
 
 extern int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason);
 extern int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define opterror(o,r,f) (opterror((o),(r),(f)), const_error())
+#endif
+
 /*----- incremental advanced APIs -----*/
 
 enum {
@@ -195,7 +199,7 @@ enum {
 struct parse_opt_ctx_t {
 	const char **argv;
 	const char **out;
-	int argc, cpidx;
+	int argc, cpidx, total;
 	const char *opt;
 	int flags;
 	const char *prefix;
@@ -216,27 +220,44 @@ extern int parse_options_concat(struct option *dst, size_t, struct option *src);
 /*----- some often used options -----*/
 extern int parse_opt_abbrev_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_verbosity_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
-extern int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_object_name(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_commits(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_tertiary(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_string_list(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_noop_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_passthru(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_passthru_argv(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 
-#define OPT__VERBOSE(var, h)  OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", (var), (h))
-#define OPT__QUIET(var, h)    OPT_BOOLEAN('q', "quiet",   (var), (h))
+#define OPT__VERBOSE(var, h)  OPT_COUNTUP('v', "verbose", (var), (h))
+#define OPT__QUIET(var, h)    OPT_COUNTUP('q', "quiet",   (var), (h))
 #define OPT__VERBOSITY(var) \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'v', "verbose", (var), NULL, "be more verbose", \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'v', "verbose", (var), NULL, N_("be more verbose"), \
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_verbosity_cb, 0 }, \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'q', "quiet", (var), NULL, "be more quiet", \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'q', "quiet", (var), NULL, N_("be more quiet"), \
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_verbosity_cb, 0 }
-#define OPT__DRY_RUN(var, h)  OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "dry-run", (var), (h))
-#define OPT__FORCE(var, h)    OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force",   (var), (h))
+#define OPT__DRY_RUN(var, h)  OPT_BOOL('n', "dry-run", (var), (h))
+#define OPT__FORCE(var, h)    OPT_COUNTUP('f', "force",   (var), (h))
 #define OPT__ABBREV(var)  \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "abbrev", (var), "n", \
-	  "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s", \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "abbrev", (var), N_("n"),	\
+	  N_("use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"),	\
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_opt_abbrev_cb, 0 }
 #define OPT__COLOR(var, h) \
 	OPT_COLOR_FLAG(0, "color", (var), (h))
+#define OPT_COLUMN(s, l, v, h) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("style"), (h), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_column_callback }
+#define OPT_PASSTHRU(s, l, v, a, h, f) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), (h), (f), parse_opt_passthru }
+#define OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(s, l, v, a, h, f) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), (h), (f), parse_opt_passthru_argv }
+#define _OPT_CONTAINS_OR_WITH(name, variable, help, flag) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, name, (variable), N_("commit"), (help), \
+	  PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | flag, \
+	  parse_opt_commits, (intptr_t) "HEAD" \
+	}
+#define OPT_CONTAINS(v, h) _OPT_CONTAINS_OR_WITH("contains", v, h, 0)
+#define OPT_WITH(v, h) _OPT_CONTAINS_OR_WITH("with", v, h, PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN)
 
 #endif
diff --git a/patch-ids.c b/patch-ids.c
index 5717257051..a4d0016664 100644
--- a/patch-ids.c
+++ b/patch-ids.c
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
 #include "sha1-lookup.h"
 #include "patch-ids.h"
 
-static int commit_patch_id(struct commit *commit, struct diff_options *options,
+int commit_patch_id(struct commit *commit, struct diff_options *options,
 		    unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	if (commit->parents)
-		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->object.sha1,
-		               commit->object.sha1, "", options);
+		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->object.oid.hash,
+			       commit->object.oid.hash, "", options);
 	else
-		diff_root_tree_sha1(commit->object.sha1, "", options);
+		diff_root_tree_sha1(commit->object.oid.hash, "", options);
 	diffcore_std(options);
 	return diff_flush_patch_id(options, sha1);
 }
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ int init_patch_ids(struct patch_ids *ids)
 	memset(ids, 0, sizeof(*ids));
 	diff_setup(&ids->diffopts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&ids->diffopts, RECURSIVE);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&ids->diffopts) < 0)
-		return error("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&ids->diffopts);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -84,10 +83,7 @@ static struct patch_id *add_commit(struct commit *commit,
 	ent = &bucket->bucket[bucket->nr++];
 	hashcpy(ent->patch_id, sha1);
 
-	if (ids->alloc <= ids->nr) {
-		ids->alloc = alloc_nr(ids->nr);
-		ids->table = xrealloc(ids->table, sizeof(ent) * ids->alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(ids->table, ids->nr + 1, ids->alloc);
 	if (pos < ids->nr)
 		memmove(ids->table + pos + 1, ids->table + pos,
 			sizeof(ent) * (ids->nr - pos));
diff --git a/patch-ids.h b/patch-ids.h
index c8c7ca110a..eeb56b307f 100644
--- a/patch-ids.h
+++ b/patch-ids.h
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ struct patch_ids {
 	struct patch_id_bucket *patches;
 };
 
+int commit_patch_id(struct commit *commit, struct diff_options *options,
+		    unsigned char *sha1);
 int init_patch_ids(struct patch_ids *);
 int free_patch_ids(struct patch_ids *);
 struct patch_id *add_commit_patch_id(struct commit *, struct patch_ids *);
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index b6f71d1086..259aeed846 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -1,25 +1,32 @@
 /*
- * I'm tired of doing "vsnprintf()" etc just to open a
- * file, so here's a "return static buffer with printf"
- * interface for paths.
- *
- * It's obviously not thread-safe. Sue me. But it's quite
- * useful for doing things like
- *
- *   f = open(mkpath("%s/%s.git", base, name), O_RDONLY);
- *
- * which is what it's designed for.
+ * Utilities for paths and pathnames
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
+
+static int get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	*mode = st.st_mode;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static char bad_path[] = "/bad-path/";
 
-static char *get_pathname(void)
+static struct strbuf *get_pathname(void)
 {
-	static char pathname_array[4][PATH_MAX];
+	static struct strbuf pathname_array[4] = {
+		STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT
+	};
 	static int index;
-	return pathname_array[3 & ++index];
+	struct strbuf *sb = &pathname_array[3 & ++index];
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+	return sb;
 }
 
 static char *cleanup_path(char *path)
@@ -33,6 +40,13 @@ static char *cleanup_path(char *path)
 	return path;
 }
 
+static void strbuf_cleanup_path(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	char *path = cleanup_path(sb->buf);
+	if (path > sb->buf)
+		strbuf_remove(sb, 0, path - sb->buf);
+}
+
 char *mksnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
@@ -48,117 +62,486 @@ char *mksnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
 	return cleanup_path(buf);
 }
 
-static char *git_vsnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+static int dir_prefix(const char *buf, const char *dir)
 {
-	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
-	size_t len;
+	int len = strlen(dir);
+	return !strncmp(buf, dir, len) &&
+		(is_dir_sep(buf[len]) || buf[len] == '\0');
+}
 
-	len = strlen(git_dir);
-	if (n < len + 1)
-		goto bad;
-	memcpy(buf, git_dir, len);
-	if (len && !is_dir_sep(git_dir[len-1]))
-		buf[len++] = '/';
-	len += vsnprintf(buf + len, n - len, fmt, args);
-	if (len >= n)
-		goto bad;
-	return cleanup_path(buf);
-bad:
-	strlcpy(buf, bad_path, n);
-	return buf;
+/* $buf =~ m|$dir/+$file| but without regex */
+static int is_dir_file(const char *buf, const char *dir, const char *file)
+{
+	int len = strlen(dir);
+	if (strncmp(buf, dir, len) || !is_dir_sep(buf[len]))
+		return 0;
+	while (is_dir_sep(buf[len]))
+		len++;
+	return !strcmp(buf + len, file);
+}
+
+static void replace_dir(struct strbuf *buf, int len, const char *newdir)
+{
+	int newlen = strlen(newdir);
+	int need_sep = (buf->buf[len] && !is_dir_sep(buf->buf[len])) &&
+		!is_dir_sep(newdir[newlen - 1]);
+	if (need_sep)
+		len--;	 /* keep one char, to be replaced with '/'  */
+	strbuf_splice(buf, 0, len, newdir, newlen);
+	if (need_sep)
+		buf->buf[newlen] = '/';
+}
+
+struct common_dir {
+	/* Not considered garbage for report_linked_checkout_garbage */
+	unsigned ignore_garbage:1;
+	unsigned is_dir:1;
+	/* Not common even though its parent is */
+	unsigned exclude:1;
+	const char *dirname;
+};
+
+static struct common_dir common_list[] = {
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "branches" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "hooks" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "info" },
+	{ 0, 0, 1, "info/sparse-checkout" },
+	{ 1, 1, 0, "logs" },
+	{ 1, 1, 1, "logs/HEAD" },
+	{ 0, 1, 1, "logs/refs/bisect" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "lost-found" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "objects" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "refs" },
+	{ 0, 1, 1, "refs/bisect" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "remotes" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "worktrees" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "rr-cache" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "svn" },
+	{ 0, 0, 0, "config" },
+	{ 1, 0, 0, "gc.pid" },
+	{ 0, 0, 0, "packed-refs" },
+	{ 0, 0, 0, "shallow" },
+	{ 0, 0, 0, NULL }
+};
+
+/*
+ * A compressed trie.  A trie node consists of zero or more characters that
+ * are common to all elements with this prefix, optionally followed by some
+ * children.  If value is not NULL, the trie node is a terminal node.
+ *
+ * For example, consider the following set of strings:
+ * abc
+ * def
+ * definite
+ * definition
+ *
+ * The trie would look like:
+ * root: len = 0, children a and d non-NULL, value = NULL.
+ *    a: len = 2, contents = bc, value = (data for "abc")
+ *    d: len = 2, contents = ef, children i non-NULL, value = (data for "def")
+ *       i: len = 3, contents = nit, children e and i non-NULL, value = NULL
+ *           e: len = 0, children all NULL, value = (data for "definite")
+ *           i: len = 2, contents = on, children all NULL,
+ *              value = (data for "definition")
+ */
+struct trie {
+	struct trie *children[256];
+	int len;
+	char *contents;
+	void *value;
+};
+
+static struct trie *make_trie_node(const char *key, void *value)
+{
+	struct trie *new_node = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*new_node));
+	new_node->len = strlen(key);
+	if (new_node->len) {
+		new_node->contents = xmalloc(new_node->len);
+		memcpy(new_node->contents, key, new_node->len);
+	}
+	new_node->value = value;
+	return new_node;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a key/value pair to a trie.  The key is assumed to be \0-terminated.
+ * If there was an existing value for this key, return it.
+ */
+static void *add_to_trie(struct trie *root, const char *key, void *value)
+{
+	struct trie *child;
+	void *old;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!*key) {
+		/* we have reached the end of the key */
+		old = root->value;
+		root->value = value;
+		return old;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < root->len; i++) {
+		if (root->contents[i] == key[i])
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Split this node: child will contain this node's
+		 * existing children.
+		 */
+		child = malloc(sizeof(*child));
+		memcpy(child->children, root->children, sizeof(root->children));
+
+		child->len = root->len - i - 1;
+		if (child->len) {
+			child->contents = xstrndup(root->contents + i + 1,
+						   child->len);
+		}
+		child->value = root->value;
+		root->value = NULL;
+		root->len = i;
+
+		memset(root->children, 0, sizeof(root->children));
+		root->children[(unsigned char)root->contents[i]] = child;
+
+		/* This is the newly-added child. */
+		root->children[(unsigned char)key[i]] =
+			make_trie_node(key + i + 1, value);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* We have matched the entire compressed section */
+	if (key[i]) {
+		child = root->children[(unsigned char)key[root->len]];
+		if (child) {
+			return add_to_trie(child, key + root->len + 1, value);
+		} else {
+			child = make_trie_node(key + root->len + 1, value);
+			root->children[(unsigned char)key[root->len]] = child;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	old = root->value;
+	root->value = value;
+	return old;
+}
+
+typedef int (*match_fn)(const char *unmatched, void *data, void *baton);
+
+/*
+ * Search a trie for some key.  Find the longest /-or-\0-terminated
+ * prefix of the key for which the trie contains a value.  Call fn
+ * with the unmatched portion of the key and the found value, and
+ * return its return value.  If there is no such prefix, return -1.
+ *
+ * The key is partially normalized: consecutive slashes are skipped.
+ *
+ * For example, consider the trie containing only [refs,
+ * refs/worktree] (both with values).
+ *
+ * | key             | unmatched  | val from node | return value |
+ * |-----------------|------------|---------------|--------------|
+ * | a               | not called | n/a           | -1           |
+ * | refs            | \0         | refs          | as per fn    |
+ * | refs/           | /          | refs          | as per fn    |
+ * | refs/w          | /w         | refs          | as per fn    |
+ * | refs/worktree   | \0         | refs/worktree | as per fn    |
+ * | refs/worktree/  | /          | refs/worktree | as per fn    |
+ * | refs/worktree/a | /a         | refs/worktree | as per fn    |
+ * |-----------------|------------|---------------|--------------|
+ *
+ */
+static int trie_find(struct trie *root, const char *key, match_fn fn,
+		     void *baton)
+{
+	int i;
+	int result;
+	struct trie *child;
+
+	if (!*key) {
+		/* we have reached the end of the key */
+		if (root->value && !root->len)
+			return fn(key, root->value, baton);
+		else
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < root->len; i++) {
+		/* Partial path normalization: skip consecutive slashes. */
+		if (key[i] == '/' && key[i+1] == '/') {
+			key++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (root->contents[i] != key[i])
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Matched the entire compressed section */
+	key += i;
+	if (!*key)
+		/* End of key */
+		return fn(key, root->value, baton);
+
+	/* Partial path normalization: skip consecutive slashes */
+	while (key[0] == '/' && key[1] == '/')
+		key++;
+
+	child = root->children[(unsigned char)*key];
+	if (child)
+		result = trie_find(child, key + 1, fn, baton);
+	else
+		result = -1;
+
+	if (result >= 0 || (*key != '/' && *key != 0))
+		return result;
+	if (root->value)
+		return fn(key, root->value, baton);
+	else
+		return -1;
+}
+
+static struct trie common_trie;
+static int common_trie_done_setup;
+
+static void init_common_trie(void)
+{
+	struct common_dir *p;
+
+	if (common_trie_done_setup)
+		return;
+
+	for (p = common_list; p->dirname; p++)
+		add_to_trie(&common_trie, p->dirname, p);
+
+	common_trie_done_setup = 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper function for update_common_dir: returns 1 if the dir
+ * prefix is common.
+ */
+static int check_common(const char *unmatched, void *value, void *baton)
+{
+	struct common_dir *dir = value;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (dir->is_dir && (unmatched[0] == 0 || unmatched[0] == '/'))
+		return !dir->exclude;
+
+	if (!dir->is_dir && unmatched[0] == 0)
+		return !dir->exclude;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void update_common_dir(struct strbuf *buf, int git_dir_len,
+			      const char *common_dir)
+{
+	char *base = buf->buf + git_dir_len;
+	init_common_trie();
+	if (!common_dir)
+		common_dir = get_git_common_dir();
+	if (trie_find(&common_trie, base, check_common, NULL) > 0)
+		replace_dir(buf, git_dir_len, common_dir);
+}
+
+void report_linked_checkout_garbage(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const struct common_dir *p;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!git_common_dir_env)
+		return;
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/", get_git_dir());
+	len = sb.len;
+	for (p = common_list; p->dirname; p++) {
+		const char *path = p->dirname;
+		if (p->ignore_garbage)
+			continue;
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, path);
+		if (file_exists(sb.buf))
+			report_garbage(PACKDIR_FILE_GARBAGE, sb.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static void adjust_git_path(struct strbuf *buf, int git_dir_len)
+{
+	const char *base = buf->buf + git_dir_len;
+	if (git_graft_env && is_dir_file(base, "info", "grafts"))
+		strbuf_splice(buf, 0, buf->len,
+			      get_graft_file(), strlen(get_graft_file()));
+	else if (git_index_env && !strcmp(base, "index"))
+		strbuf_splice(buf, 0, buf->len,
+			      get_index_file(), strlen(get_index_file()));
+	else if (git_db_env && dir_prefix(base, "objects"))
+		replace_dir(buf, git_dir_len + 7, get_object_directory());
+	else if (git_common_dir_env)
+		update_common_dir(buf, git_dir_len, NULL);
+}
+
+static void do_git_path(const struct worktree *wt, struct strbuf *buf,
+			const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	int gitdir_len;
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, get_worktree_git_dir(wt));
+	if (buf->len && !is_dir_sep(buf->buf[buf->len - 1]))
+		strbuf_addch(buf, '/');
+	gitdir_len = buf->len;
+	strbuf_vaddf(buf, fmt, args);
+	adjust_git_path(buf, gitdir_len);
+	strbuf_cleanup_path(buf);
 }
 
-char *git_snpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
+char *git_path_buf(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	(void)git_vsnpath(buf, n, fmt, args);
+	do_git_path(NULL, buf, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	return buf;
+	return buf->buf;
 }
 
-char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+void strbuf_git_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	(void)git_vsnpath(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
+	do_git_path(NULL, sb, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	return xstrdup(path);
 }
 
-char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...)
+const char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
+	struct strbuf *pathname = get_pathname();
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned len;
-	char *pathname = get_pathname();
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	do_git_path(NULL, pathname, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return pathname->buf;
+}
 
+char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	len = vsnprintf(pathname, PATH_MAX, fmt, args);
+	do_git_path(NULL, &path, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
-		return bad_path;
-	return cleanup_path(pathname);
+	return strbuf_detach(&path, NULL);
 }
 
-char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...)
+char *mkpathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
-	char *pathname = get_pathname();
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned len;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	strbuf_cleanup_path(&sb);
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+}
 
-	len = strlen(git_dir);
-	if (len > PATH_MAX-100)
-		return bad_path;
-	memcpy(pathname, git_dir, len);
-	if (len && git_dir[len-1] != '/')
-		pathname[len++] = '/';
+const char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	struct strbuf *pathname = get_pathname();
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	len += vsnprintf(pathname + len, PATH_MAX - len, fmt, args);
+	strbuf_vaddf(pathname, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
-		return bad_path;
-	return cleanup_path(pathname);
+	return cleanup_path(pathname->buf);
 }
 
-char *git_path_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
+const char *worktree_git_path(const struct worktree *wt, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	char *pathname = get_pathname();
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *git_dir;
+	struct strbuf *pathname = get_pathname();
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned len;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	do_git_path(wt, pathname, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return pathname->buf;
+}
 
-	len = strlen(path);
-	if (len > PATH_MAX-100)
-		return bad_path;
+static void do_submodule_path(struct strbuf *buf, const char *path,
+			      const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	const char *git_dir;
+	struct strbuf git_submodule_common_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf git_submodule_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
-	if (len && path[len-1] != '/')
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, ".git");
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, path);
+	strbuf_complete(buf, '/');
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, ".git");
 
-	git_dir = read_gitfile(buf.buf);
+	git_dir = read_gitfile(buf->buf);
 	if (git_dir) {
-		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		strbuf_addstr(&buf, git_dir);
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, git_dir);
 	}
-	strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
+	strbuf_addch(buf, '/');
+	strbuf_addstr(&git_submodule_dir, buf->buf);
+
+	strbuf_vaddf(buf, fmt, args);
+
+	if (get_common_dir_noenv(&git_submodule_common_dir, git_submodule_dir.buf))
+		update_common_dir(buf, git_submodule_dir.len, git_submodule_common_dir.buf);
+
+	strbuf_cleanup_path(buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&git_submodule_dir);
+	strbuf_release(&git_submodule_common_dir);
+}
+
+char *git_pathdup_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	do_submodule_path(&buf, path, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+void strbuf_git_path_submodule(struct strbuf *buf, const char *path,
+			       const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	do_submodule_path(buf, path, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+}
 
-	if (buf.len >= PATH_MAX)
-		return bad_path;
-	memcpy(pathname, buf.buf, buf.len + 1);
+static void do_git_common_path(struct strbuf *buf,
+			       const char *fmt,
+			       va_list args)
+{
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, get_git_common_dir());
+	if (buf->len && !is_dir_sep(buf->buf[buf->len - 1]))
+		strbuf_addch(buf, '/');
+	strbuf_vaddf(buf, fmt, args);
+	strbuf_cleanup_path(buf);
+}
 
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	len = strlen(pathname);
+const char *git_common_path(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf *pathname = get_pathname();
+	va_list args;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	do_git_common_path(pathname, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return pathname->buf;
+}
 
+void strbuf_git_common_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	len += vsnprintf(pathname + len, PATH_MAX - len, fmt, args);
+	do_git_common_path(sb, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
-		return bad_path;
-	return cleanup_path(pathname);
 }
 
 int validate_headref(const char *path)
@@ -215,9 +598,7 @@ int validate_headref(const char *path)
 static struct passwd *getpw_str(const char *username, size_t len)
 {
 	struct passwd *pw;
-	char *username_z = xmalloc(len + 1);
-	memcpy(username_z, username, len);
-	username_z[len] = '\0';
+	char *username_z = xmemdupz(username, len);
 	pw = getpwnam(username_z);
 	free(username_z);
 	return pw;
@@ -231,28 +612,31 @@ static struct passwd *getpw_str(const char *username, size_t len)
 char *expand_user_path(const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf user_path = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *first_slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
 	const char *to_copy = path;
 
 	if (path == NULL)
 		goto return_null;
 	if (path[0] == '~') {
+		const char *first_slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
 		const char *username = path + 1;
 		size_t username_len = first_slash - username;
 		if (username_len == 0) {
 			const char *home = getenv("HOME");
 			if (!home)
 				goto return_null;
-			strbuf_add(&user_path, home, strlen(home));
+			strbuf_addstr(&user_path, home);
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
+			convert_slashes(user_path.buf);
+#endif
 		} else {
 			struct passwd *pw = getpw_str(username, username_len);
 			if (!pw)
 				goto return_null;
-			strbuf_add(&user_path, pw->pw_dir, strlen(pw->pw_dir));
+			strbuf_addstr(&user_path, pw->pw_dir);
 		}
 		to_copy = first_slash;
 	}
-	strbuf_add(&user_path, to_copy, strlen(to_copy));
+	strbuf_addstr(&user_path, to_copy);
 	return strbuf_detach(&user_path, NULL);
 return_null:
 	strbuf_release(&user_path);
@@ -269,14 +653,9 @@ return_null:
  * (3) "relative/path" to mean cwd relative directory; or
  * (4) "/absolute/path" to mean absolute directory.
  *
- * Unless "strict" is given, we try access() for existence of "%s.git/.git",
- * "%s/.git", "%s.git", "%s" in this order.  The first one that exists is
- * what we try.
- *
- * Second, we try chdir() to that.  Upon failure, we return NULL.
- *
- * Then, we try if the current directory is a valid git repository.
- * Upon failure, we return NULL.
+ * Unless "strict" is given, we check "%s/.git", "%s", "%s.git/.git", "%s.git"
+ * in this order. We select the first one that is a valid git repository, and
+ * chdir() to it. If none match, or we fail to chdir, we return NULL.
  *
  * If all goes well, we return the directory we used to chdir() (but
  * before ~user is expanded), avoiding getcwd() resolving symbolic
@@ -285,15 +664,15 @@ return_null:
  */
 const char *enter_repo(const char *path, int strict)
 {
-	static char used_path[PATH_MAX];
-	static char validated_path[PATH_MAX];
+	static struct strbuf validated_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct strbuf used_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!path)
 		return NULL;
 
 	if (!strict) {
 		static const char *suffix[] = {
-			".git/.git", "/.git", ".git", "", NULL,
+			"/.git", "", ".git/.git", ".git", NULL,
 		};
 		const char *gitfile;
 		int len = strlen(path);
@@ -301,49 +680,57 @@ const char *enter_repo(const char *path, int strict)
 		while ((1 < len) && (path[len-1] == '/'))
 			len--;
 
+		/*
+		 * We can handle arbitrary-sized buffers, but this remains as a
+		 * sanity check on untrusted input.
+		 */
 		if (PATH_MAX <= len)
 			return NULL;
-		strncpy(used_path, path, len); used_path[len] = 0 ;
-		strcpy(validated_path, used_path);
 
-		if (used_path[0] == '~') {
-			char *newpath = expand_user_path(used_path);
-			if (!newpath || (PATH_MAX - 10 < strlen(newpath))) {
-				free(newpath);
+		strbuf_reset(&used_path);
+		strbuf_reset(&validated_path);
+		strbuf_add(&used_path, path, len);
+		strbuf_add(&validated_path, path, len);
+
+		if (used_path.buf[0] == '~') {
+			char *newpath = expand_user_path(used_path.buf);
+			if (!newpath)
 				return NULL;
-			}
-			/*
-			 * Copy back into the static buffer. A pity
-			 * since newpath was not bounded, but other
-			 * branches of the if are limited by PATH_MAX
-			 * anyway.
-			 */
-			strcpy(used_path, newpath); free(newpath);
+			strbuf_attach(&used_path, newpath, strlen(newpath),
+				      strlen(newpath));
 		}
-		else if (PATH_MAX - 10 < len)
-			return NULL;
-		len = strlen(used_path);
 		for (i = 0; suffix[i]; i++) {
-			strcpy(used_path + len, suffix[i]);
-			if (!access(used_path, F_OK)) {
-				strcat(validated_path, suffix[i]);
+			struct stat st;
+			size_t baselen = used_path.len;
+			strbuf_addstr(&used_path, suffix[i]);
+			if (!stat(used_path.buf, &st) &&
+			    (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ||
+			    (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && is_git_directory(used_path.buf)))) {
+				strbuf_addstr(&validated_path, suffix[i]);
 				break;
 			}
+			strbuf_setlen(&used_path, baselen);
 		}
 		if (!suffix[i])
 			return NULL;
-		gitfile = read_gitfile(used_path) ;
+		gitfile = read_gitfile(used_path.buf);
+		if (gitfile) {
+			strbuf_reset(&used_path);
+			strbuf_addstr(&used_path, gitfile);
+		}
+		if (chdir(used_path.buf))
+			return NULL;
+		path = validated_path.buf;
+	}
+	else {
+		const char *gitfile = read_gitfile(path);
 		if (gitfile)
-			strcpy(used_path, gitfile);
-		if (chdir(used_path))
+			path = gitfile;
+		if (chdir(path))
 			return NULL;
-		path = validated_path;
 	}
-	else if (chdir(path))
-		return NULL;
 
-	if (access("objects", X_OK) == 0 && access("refs", X_OK) == 0 &&
-	    validate_headref("HEAD") == 0) {
+	if (is_git_directory(".")) {
 		set_git_dir(".");
 		check_repository_format();
 		return path;
@@ -352,89 +739,221 @@ const char *enter_repo(const char *path, int strict)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode)
+static int calc_shared_perm(int mode)
 {
-	struct stat st;
-	int tweak, shared, orig_mode;
+	int tweak;
 
-	if (!shared_repository) {
-		if (mode)
-			return chmod(path, mode & ~S_IFMT);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!mode) {
-		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		mode = st.st_mode;
-		orig_mode = mode;
-	} else
-		orig_mode = 0;
-	if (shared_repository < 0)
-		shared = -shared_repository;
+	if (get_shared_repository() < 0)
+		tweak = -get_shared_repository();
 	else
-		shared = shared_repository;
-	tweak = shared;
+		tweak = get_shared_repository();
 
 	if (!(mode & S_IWUSR))
 		tweak &= ~0222;
 	if (mode & S_IXUSR)
 		/* Copy read bits to execute bits */
 		tweak |= (tweak & 0444) >> 2;
-	if (shared_repository < 0)
+	if (get_shared_repository() < 0)
 		mode = (mode & ~0777) | tweak;
 	else
 		mode |= tweak;
 
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+	return mode;
+}
+
+
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path)
+{
+	int old_mode, new_mode;
+
+	if (!get_shared_repository())
+		return 0;
+	if (get_st_mode_bits(path, &old_mode) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	new_mode = calc_shared_perm(old_mode);
+	if (S_ISDIR(old_mode)) {
 		/* Copy read bits to execute bits */
-		mode |= (shared & 0444) >> 2;
-		mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
+		new_mode |= (new_mode & 0444) >> 2;
+		new_mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
 	}
 
-	if (((shared_repository < 0
-	      ? (orig_mode & (FORCE_DIR_SET_GID | 0777))
-	      : (orig_mode & mode)) != mode) &&
-	    chmod(path, (mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
+	if (((old_mode ^ new_mode) & ~S_IFMT) &&
+			chmod(path, (new_mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
 		return -2;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base)
+void safe_create_dir(const char *dir, int share)
+{
+	if (mkdir(dir, 0777) < 0) {
+		if (errno != EEXIST) {
+			perror(dir);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	else if (share && adjust_shared_perm(dir))
+		die(_("Could not make %s writable by group"), dir);
+}
+
+static int have_same_root(const char *path1, const char *path2)
+{
+	int is_abs1, is_abs2;
+
+	is_abs1 = is_absolute_path(path1);
+	is_abs2 = is_absolute_path(path2);
+	return (is_abs1 && is_abs2 && tolower(path1[0]) == tolower(path2[0])) ||
+	       (!is_abs1 && !is_abs2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Give path as relative to prefix.
+ *
+ * The strbuf may or may not be used, so do not assume it contains the
+ * returned path.
+ */
+const char *relative_path(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int in_len = in ? strlen(in) : 0;
+	int prefix_len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	int in_off = 0;
+	int prefix_off = 0;
+	int i = 0, j = 0;
+
+	if (!in_len)
+		return "./";
+	else if (!prefix_len)
+		return in;
+
+	if (have_same_root(in, prefix))
+		/* bypass dos_drive, for "c:" is identical to "C:" */
+		i = j = has_dos_drive_prefix(in);
+	else {
+		return in;
+	}
+
+	while (i < prefix_len && j < in_len && prefix[i] == in[j]) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				j++;
+			prefix_off = i;
+			in_off = j;
+		} else {
+			i++;
+			j++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (
+	    /* "prefix" seems like prefix of "in" */
+	    i >= prefix_len &&
+	    /*
+	     * but "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar"
+	     * (i.e. prefix not end with '/')
+	     */
+	    prefix_off < prefix_len) {
+		if (j >= in_len) {
+			/* in="/a/b", prefix="/a/b" */
+			in_off = in_len;
+		} else if (is_dir_sep(in[j])) {
+			/* in="/a/b/c", prefix="/a/b" */
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				j++;
+			in_off = j;
+		} else {
+			/* in="/a/bbb/c", prefix="/a/b" */
+			i = prefix_off;
+		}
+	} else if (
+		   /* "in" is short than "prefix" */
+		   j >= in_len &&
+		   /* "in" not end with '/' */
+		   in_off < in_len) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			/* in="/a/b", prefix="/a/b/c/" */
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			in_off = in_len;
+		}
+	}
+	in += in_off;
+	in_len -= in_off;
+
+	if (i >= prefix_len) {
+		if (!in_len)
+			return "./";
+		else
+			return in;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+	strbuf_grow(sb, in_len);
+
+	while (i < prefix_len) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (!is_dir_sep(prefix[prefix_len - 1]))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
+
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, in);
+
+	return sb->buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A simpler implementation of relative_path
+ *
+ * Get relative path by removing "prefix" from "in". This function
+ * first appears in v1.5.6-1-g044bbbc, and makes git_dir shorter
+ * to increase performance when traversing the path to work_tree.
+ */
+const char *remove_leading_path(const char *in, const char *prefix)
 {
-	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int i = 0, j = 0;
 
-	if (!base || !base[0])
-		return abs;
-	while (base[i]) {
-		if (is_dir_sep(base[i])) {
-			if (!is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
-				return abs;
-			while (is_dir_sep(base[i]))
+	if (!prefix || !prefix[0])
+		return in;
+	while (prefix[i]) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			if (!is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				return in;
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
 				i++;
-			while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
 				j++;
 			continue;
-		} else if (abs[j] != base[i]) {
-			return abs;
+		} else if (in[j] != prefix[i]) {
+			return in;
 		}
 		i++;
 		j++;
 	}
 	if (
 	    /* "/foo" is a prefix of "/foo" */
-	    abs[j] &&
+	    in[j] &&
 	    /* "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar" */
-	    !is_dir_sep(base[i-1]) && !is_dir_sep(abs[j])
+	    !is_dir_sep(prefix[i-1]) && !is_dir_sep(in[j])
 	   )
-		return abs;
-	while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+		return in;
+	while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
 		j++;
-	if (!abs[j])
-		strcpy(buf, ".");
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	if (!in[j])
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, ".");
 	else
-		strcpy(buf, abs + j);
-	return buf;
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, in + j);
+	return buf.buf;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -450,15 +969,25 @@ const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base)
  *
  * Note that this function is purely textual.  It does not follow symlinks,
  * verify the existence of the path, or make any system calls.
+ *
+ * prefix_len != NULL is for a specific case of prefix_pathspec():
+ * assume that src == dst and src[0..prefix_len-1] is already
+ * normalized, any time "../" eats up to the prefix_len part,
+ * prefix_len is reduced. In the end prefix_len is the remaining
+ * prefix that has not been overridden by user pathspec.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: This function doesn't perform normalization w.r.t. trailing '/'.
+ * For everything but the root folder itself, the normalized path should not
+ * end with a '/', then the callers need to be fixed up accordingly.
+ *
  */
-int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+int normalize_path_copy_len(char *dst, const char *src, int *prefix_len)
 {
 	char *dst0;
+	int i;
 
-	if (has_dos_drive_prefix(src)) {
-		*dst++ = *src++;
+	for (i = has_dos_drive_prefix(src); i > 0; i--)
 		*dst++ = *src++;
-	}
 	dst0 = dst;
 
 	if (is_dir_sep(*src)) {
@@ -526,50 +1055,52 @@ int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
 		/* Windows: dst[-1] cannot be backslash anymore */
 		while (dst0 < dst && dst[-1] != '/')
 			dst--;
+		if (prefix_len && *prefix_len > dst - dst0)
+			*prefix_len = dst - dst0;
 	}
 	*dst = '\0';
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	return normalize_path_copy_len(dst, src, NULL);
+}
+
 /*
  * path = Canonical absolute path
- * prefix_list = Colon-separated list of absolute paths
+ * prefixes = string_list containing normalized, absolute paths without
+ * trailing slashes (except for the root directory, which is denoted by "/").
  *
- * Determines, for each path in prefix_list, whether the "prefix" really
+ * Determines, for each path in prefixes, whether the "prefix"
  * is an ancestor directory of path.  Returns the length of the longest
  * ancestor directory, excluding any trailing slashes, or -1 if no prefix
- * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefix_list is
- * "/".) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
+ * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefixes is
+ * ["/"].) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
  * are not considered to be their own ancestors.  path must be in a
  * canonical form: empty components, or "." or ".." components are not
- * allowed.  prefix_list may be null, which is like "".
+ * allowed.
  */
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list)
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes)
 {
-	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
-	const char *ceil, *colon;
-	int len, max_len = -1;
+	int i, max_len = -1;
 
-	if (prefix_list == NULL || !strcmp(path, "/"))
+	if (!strcmp(path, "/"))
 		return -1;
 
-	for (colon = ceil = prefix_list; *colon; ceil = colon+1) {
-		for (colon = ceil; *colon && *colon != PATH_SEP; colon++);
-		len = colon - ceil;
-		if (len == 0 || len > PATH_MAX || !is_absolute_path(ceil))
-			continue;
-		strlcpy(buf, ceil, len+1);
-		if (normalize_path_copy(buf, buf) < 0)
-			continue;
-		len = strlen(buf);
-		if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] == '/')
-			buf[--len] = '\0';
+	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->nr; i++) {
+		const char *ceil = prefixes->items[i].string;
+		int len = strlen(ceil);
+
+		if (len == 1 && ceil[0] == '/')
+			len = 0; /* root matches anything, with length 0 */
+		else if (!strncmp(path, ceil, len) && path[len] == '/')
+			; /* match of length len */
+		else
+			continue; /* no match */
 
-		if (!strncmp(path, buf, len) &&
-		    path[len] == '/' &&
-		    len > max_len) {
+		if (len > max_len)
 			max_len = len;
-		}
 	}
 
 	return max_len;
@@ -658,9 +1189,60 @@ int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *p)
 	}
 }
 
-int offset_1st_component(const char *path)
+static int only_spaces_and_periods(const char *path, size_t len, size_t skip)
+{
+	if (len < skip)
+		return 0;
+	len -= skip;
+	path += skip;
+	while (len-- > 0) {
+		char c = *(path++);
+		if (c != ' ' && c != '.')
+			return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int is_ntfs_dotgit(const char *name)
+{
+	int len;
+
+	for (len = 0; ; len++)
+		if (!name[len] || name[len] == '\\' || is_dir_sep(name[len])) {
+			if (only_spaces_and_periods(name, len, 4) &&
+					!strncasecmp(name, ".git", 4))
+				return 1;
+			if (only_spaces_and_periods(name, len, 5) &&
+					!strncasecmp(name, "git~1", 5))
+				return 1;
+			if (name[len] != '\\')
+				return 0;
+			name += len + 1;
+			len = -1;
+		}
+}
+
+char *xdg_config_home(const char *filename)
 {
-	if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path))
-		return 2 + is_dir_sep(path[2]);
-	return is_dir_sep(path[0]);
+	const char *home, *config_home;
+
+	assert(filename);
+	config_home = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME");
+	if (config_home && *config_home)
+		return mkpathdup("%s/git/%s", config_home, filename);
+
+	home = getenv("HOME");
+	if (home)
+		return mkpathdup("%s/.config/git/%s", home, filename);
+	return NULL;
 }
+
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_cherry_pick_head, "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_revert_head, "REVERT_HEAD")
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_squash_msg, "SQUASH_MSG")
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_merge_msg, "MERGE_MSG")
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_merge_rr, "MERGE_RR")
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_merge_mode, "MERGE_MODE")
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_merge_head, "MERGE_HEAD")
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_fetch_head, "FETCH_HEAD")
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_shallow, "shallow")
diff --git a/pathspec.c b/pathspec.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24e0dd5232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * For each pathspec, sets the corresponding entry in the seen[] array
+ * (which should be specs items long, i.e. the same size as pathspec)
+ * to the nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) match found for
+ * that pathspec in the index, if it was a closer type of match than
+ * the existing entry.  As an optimization, matching is skipped
+ * altogether if seen[] already only contains non-zero entries.
+ *
+ * If seen[] has not already been written to, it may make sense
+ * to use find_pathspecs_matching_against_index() instead.
+ */
+void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+					char *seen)
+{
+	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
+	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
+	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
+	 * anything.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
+		if (!seen[i])
+			num_unmatched++;
+	if (!num_unmatched)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		ce_path_match(ce, pathspec, seen);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * This is a one-shot wrapper around add_pathspec_matches_against_index()
+ * which allocates, populates, and returns a seen[] array indicating the
+ * nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) matches which each of the
+ * given pathspecs achieves against all items in the index.
+ */
+char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	char *seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen);
+	return seen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Magic pathspec
+ *
+ * Possible future magic semantics include stuff like:
+ *
+ *	{ PATHSPEC_RECURSIVE, '*', "recursive" },
+ *	{ PATHSPEC_REGEXP, '\0', "regexp" },
+ *
+ */
+
+static struct pathspec_magic {
+	unsigned bit;
+	char mnemonic; /* this cannot be ':'! */
+	const char *name;
+} pathspec_magic[] = {
+	{ PATHSPEC_FROMTOP, '/', "top" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_LITERAL,   0, "literal" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_GLOB,   '\0', "glob" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_ICASE,  '\0', "icase" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE, '!', "exclude" },
+};
+
+static void prefix_short_magic(struct strbuf *sb, int prefixlen,
+			       unsigned short_magic)
+{
+	int i;
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, ":(");
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
+		if (short_magic & pathspec_magic[i].bit) {
+			if (sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '(')
+				strbuf_addch(sb, ',');
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, pathspec_magic[i].name);
+		}
+	strbuf_addf(sb, ",prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Take an element of a pathspec and check for magic signatures.
+ * Append the result to the prefix. Return the magic bitmap.
+ *
+ * For now, we only parse the syntax and throw out anything other than
+ * "top" magic.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: This needs to be rewritten when we start migrating
+ * get_pathspec() users to use the "struct pathspec" interface.  For
+ * example, a pathspec element may be marked as case-insensitive, but
+ * the prefix part must always match literally, and a single stupid
+ * string cannot express such a case.
+ */
+static unsigned prefix_pathspec(struct pathspec_item *item,
+				unsigned *p_short_magic,
+				const char **raw, unsigned flags,
+				const char *prefix, int prefixlen,
+				const char *elt)
+{
+	static int literal_global = -1;
+	static int glob_global = -1;
+	static int noglob_global = -1;
+	static int icase_global = -1;
+	unsigned magic = 0, short_magic = 0, global_magic = 0;
+	const char *copyfrom = elt, *long_magic_end = NULL;
+	char *match;
+	int i, pathspec_prefix = -1;
+
+	if (literal_global < 0)
+		literal_global = git_env_bool(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (literal_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+
+	if (glob_global < 0)
+		glob_global = git_env_bool(GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (glob_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_GLOB;
+
+	if (noglob_global < 0)
+		noglob_global = git_env_bool(GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+
+	if (glob_global && noglob_global)
+		die(_("global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"));
+
+
+	if (icase_global < 0)
+		icase_global = git_env_bool(GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (icase_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_ICASE;
+
+	if ((global_magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL) &&
+	    (global_magic & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+		die(_("global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible "
+		      "with all other global pathspec settings"));
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH)
+		global_magic = 0;
+
+	if (elt[0] != ':' || literal_global ||
+	    (flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH)) {
+		; /* nothing to do */
+	} else if (elt[1] == '(') {
+		/* longhand */
+		const char *nextat;
+		for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
+		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
+		     copyfrom = nextat) {
+			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
+			if (copyfrom[len] == ',')
+				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
+			else
+				/* handle ')' and '\0' */
+				nextat = copyfrom + len;
+			if (!len)
+				continue;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
+				if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
+				    !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
+					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (starts_with(copyfrom, "prefix:")) {
+					char *endptr;
+					pathspec_prefix = strtol(copyfrom + 7,
+								 &endptr, 10);
+					if (endptr - copyfrom != len)
+						die(_("invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"));
+					/* "i" would be wrong, but it does not matter */
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
+				die(_("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"),
+				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
+		}
+		if (*copyfrom != ')')
+			die(_("Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"), elt);
+		long_magic_end = copyfrom;
+		copyfrom++;
+	} else {
+		/* shorthand */
+		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
+		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ':';
+		     copyfrom++) {
+			char ch = *copyfrom;
+
+			if (!is_pathspec_magic(ch))
+				break;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
+				if (pathspec_magic[i].mnemonic == ch) {
+					short_magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
+					break;
+				}
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
+				die(_("Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"),
+				    ch, elt);
+		}
+		if (*copyfrom == ':')
+			copyfrom++;
+	}
+
+	magic |= short_magic;
+	*p_short_magic = short_magic;
+
+	/* --noglob-pathspec adds :(literal) _unless_ :(glob) is specified */
+	if (noglob_global && !(magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB))
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+
+	/* --glob-pathspec is overridden by :(literal) */
+	if ((global_magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB) && (magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+		global_magic &= ~PATHSPEC_GLOB;
+
+	magic |= global_magic;
+
+	if (pathspec_prefix >= 0 &&
+	    (prefixlen || (prefix && *prefix)))
+		die("BUG: 'prefix' magic is supposed to be used at worktree's root");
+
+	if ((magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL) && (magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB))
+		die(_("%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"), elt);
+
+	if (pathspec_prefix >= 0) {
+		match = xstrdup(copyfrom);
+		prefixlen = pathspec_prefix;
+	} else if (magic & PATHSPEC_FROMTOP) {
+		match = xstrdup(copyfrom);
+		prefixlen = 0;
+	} else {
+		match = prefix_path_gently(prefix, prefixlen, &prefixlen, copyfrom);
+		if (!match)
+			die(_("%s: '%s' is outside repository"), elt, copyfrom);
+	}
+	*raw = item->match = match;
+	/*
+	 * Prefix the pathspec (keep all magic) and assign to
+	 * original. Useful for passing to another command.
+	 */
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (prefixlen && !literal_global) {
+			/* Preserve the actual prefix length of each pattern */
+			if (short_magic)
+				prefix_short_magic(&sb, prefixlen, short_magic);
+			else if (long_magic_end) {
+				strbuf_add(&sb, elt, long_magic_end - elt);
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, ",prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
+			} else
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, ":(prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, match);
+		item->original = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	} else
+		item->original = elt;
+	item->len = strlen(item->match);
+	item->prefix = prefixlen;
+
+	if ((flags & PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP) &&
+	    (item->len >= 1 && item->match[item->len - 1] == '/') &&
+	    (i = cache_name_pos(item->match, item->len - 1)) >= 0 &&
+	    S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[i]->ce_mode)) {
+		item->len--;
+		match[item->len] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE)
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			int ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				continue;
+
+			if (item->len <= ce_len || match[ce_len] != '/' ||
+			    memcmp(ce->name, match, ce_len))
+				continue;
+			if (item->len == ce_len + 1) {
+				/* strip trailing slash */
+				item->len--;
+				match[item->len] = '\0';
+			} else
+				die (_("Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
+				     elt, ce_len, ce->name);
+		}
+
+	if (magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL)
+		item->nowildcard_len = item->len;
+	else {
+		item->nowildcard_len = simple_length(item->match);
+		if (item->nowildcard_len < prefixlen)
+			item->nowildcard_len = prefixlen;
+	}
+	item->flags = 0;
+	if (magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB) {
+		/*
+		 * FIXME: should we enable ONESTAR in _GLOB for
+		 * pattern "* * / * . c"?
+		 */
+	} else {
+		if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+		    item->match[item->nowildcard_len] == '*' &&
+		    no_wildcard(item->match + item->nowildcard_len + 1))
+			item->flags |= PATHSPEC_ONESTAR;
+	}
+
+	/* sanity checks, pathspec matchers assume these are sane */
+	assert(item->nowildcard_len <= item->len &&
+	       item->prefix         <= item->len);
+	return magic;
+}
+
+static int pathspec_item_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct pathspec_item *a, *b;
+
+	a = (struct pathspec_item *)a_;
+	b = (struct pathspec_item *)b_;
+	return strcmp(a->match, b->match);
+}
+
+static void NORETURN unsupported_magic(const char *pattern,
+				       unsigned magic,
+				       unsigned short_magic)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, n;
+	for (n = i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
+		const struct pathspec_magic *m = pathspec_magic + i;
+		if (!(magic & m->bit))
+			continue;
+		if (sb.len)
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		if (short_magic & m->bit)
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "'%c'", m->mnemonic);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "'%s'", m->name);
+		n++;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+	 * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+	 * "checkout -p"
+	 */
+	die(_("%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"),
+	    pattern, sb.buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given command line arguments and a prefix, convert the input to
+ * pathspec. die() if any magic in magic_mask is used.
+ */
+void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		    unsigned magic_mask, unsigned flags,
+		    const char *prefix, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct pathspec_item *item;
+	const char *entry = argv ? *argv : NULL;
+	int i, n, prefixlen, nr_exclude = 0;
+
+	memset(pathspec, 0, sizeof(*pathspec));
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID)
+		pathspec->magic |= PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH;
+
+	/* No arguments, no prefix -> no pathspec */
+	if (!entry && !prefix)
+		return;
+
+	if ((flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD) &&
+	    (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL))
+		die("BUG: PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD and PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL are incompatible");
+
+	/* No arguments with prefix -> prefix pathspec */
+	if (!entry) {
+		static const char *raw[2];
+
+		if (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL)
+			return;
+
+		if (!(flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD))
+			die("BUG: PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD requires arguments");
+
+		pathspec->items = item = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*item));
+		item->match = prefix;
+		item->original = prefix;
+		item->nowildcard_len = item->len = strlen(prefix);
+		item->prefix = item->len;
+		raw[0] = prefix;
+		raw[1] = NULL;
+		pathspec->nr = 1;
+		pathspec->_raw = raw;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	n = 0;
+	while (argv[n])
+		n++;
+
+	pathspec->nr = n;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(pathspec->items, n);
+	item = pathspec->items;
+	pathspec->_raw = argv;
+	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		unsigned short_magic;
+		entry = argv[i];
+
+		item[i].magic = prefix_pathspec(item + i, &short_magic,
+						argv + i, flags,
+						prefix, prefixlen, entry);
+		if ((flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH) &&
+		    !(magic_mask & PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+			item[i].magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+		if (item[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+			nr_exclude++;
+		if (item[i].magic & magic_mask)
+			unsupported_magic(entry,
+					  item[i].magic & magic_mask,
+					  short_magic);
+
+		if ((flags & PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH) &&
+		    has_symlink_leading_path(item[i].match, item[i].len)) {
+			die(_("pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), entry);
+		}
+
+		if (item[i].nowildcard_len < item[i].len)
+			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+		pathspec->magic |= item[i].magic;
+	}
+
+	if (nr_exclude == n)
+		die(_("There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+		      "Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"));
+
+
+	if (pathspec->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) {
+		if (flags & PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER)
+			die("BUG: PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID and PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER are incompatible");
+		qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
+		      sizeof(struct pathspec_item), pathspec_item_cmp);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * N.B. get_pathspec() is deprecated in favor of the "struct pathspec"
+ * based interface - see pathspec.c:parse_pathspec().
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  - prefix - a path relative to the root of the working tree
+ *  - pathspec - a list of paths underneath the prefix path
+ *
+ * Iterates over pathspec, prepending each path with prefix,
+ * and return the resulting list.
+ *
+ * If pathspec is empty, return a singleton list containing prefix.
+ *
+ * If pathspec and prefix are both empty, return an empty list.
+ *
+ * This is typically used by built-in commands such as add.c, in order
+ * to normalize argv arguments provided to the built-in into a list of
+ * paths to process, all relative to the root of the working tree.
+ */
+const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	struct pathspec ps;
+	parse_pathspec(&ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC &
+		       ~(PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL),
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, pathspec);
+	return ps._raw;
+}
+
+void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src)
+{
+	*dst = *src;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(dst->items, dst->nr);
+	memcpy(dst->items, src->items,
+	       sizeof(struct pathspec_item) * dst->nr);
+}
+
+void clear_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	free(pathspec->items);
+	pathspec->items = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/pathspec.h b/pathspec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a80f6fc96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#ifndef PATHSPEC_H
+#define PATHSPEC_H
+
+/* Pathspec magic */
+#define PATHSPEC_FROMTOP	(1<<0)
+#define PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH	(1<<1)
+#define PATHSPEC_LITERAL	(1<<2)
+#define PATHSPEC_GLOB		(1<<3)
+#define PATHSPEC_ICASE		(1<<4)
+#define PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE	(1<<5)
+#define PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC	  \
+	(PATHSPEC_FROMTOP	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_LITERAL	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_GLOB		| \
+	 PATHSPEC_ICASE		| \
+	 PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+
+#define PATHSPEC_ONESTAR 1	/* the pathspec pattern satisfies GFNM_ONESTAR */
+
+struct pathspec {
+	const char **_raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by clear_pathspec() */
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int has_wildcard:1;
+	unsigned int recursive:1;
+	unsigned magic;
+	int max_depth;
+	struct pathspec_item {
+		const char *match;
+		const char *original;
+		unsigned magic;
+		int len, prefix;
+		int nowildcard_len;
+		int flags;
+	} *items;
+};
+
+#define GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps, mask) \
+	do { \
+		if ((ps)->magic & ~(mask))	       \
+			die("BUG:%s:%d: unsupported magic %x",	\
+			    __FILE__, __LINE__, (ps)->magic & ~(mask)); \
+	} while (0)
+
+/* parse_pathspec flags */
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD (1<<0) /* No args means match cwd */
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL (1<<1) /* No args means match everything */
+#define PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID (1<<2) /* max_depth field is valid */
+/* strip the trailing slash if the given path is a gitlink */
+#define PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP (1<<3)
+/* die if a symlink is part of the given path's directory */
+#define PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH (1<<4)
+/*
+ * This is like a combination of ..LEADING_PATH and .._SLASH_CHEAP
+ * (but not the same): it strips the trailing slash if the given path
+ * is a gitlink but also checks and dies if gitlink is part of the
+ * leading path (i.e. the given path goes beyond a submodule). It's
+ * safer than _SLASH_CHEAP and also more expensive.
+ */
+#define PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE (1<<5)
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN (1<<6)
+#define PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER (1<<7)
+/*
+ * For the callers that just need pure paths from somewhere else, not
+ * from command line. Global --*-pathspecs options are ignored. No
+ * magic is parsed in each pathspec either. If PATHSPEC_LITERAL is
+ * allowed, then it will automatically set for every pathspec.
+ */
+#define PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH (1<<8)
+
+extern void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			   unsigned magic_mask,
+			   unsigned flags,
+			   const char *prefix,
+			   const char **args);
+extern void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src);
+extern void clear_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
+
+static inline int ps_strncmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			     const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		return strncasecmp(s1, s2, n);
+	else
+		return strncmp(s1, s2, n);
+}
+
+static inline int ps_strcmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			    const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
+	else
+		return strcmp(s1, s2);
+}
+
+extern char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec, char *seen);
+extern const char *check_path_for_gitlink(const char *path);
+extern void die_if_path_beyond_symlink(const char *path, const char *prefix);
+
+#endif /* PATHSPEC_H */
diff --git a/perl/.gitignore b/perl/.gitignore
index 9235e73163..0f1fc27f86 100644
--- a/perl/.gitignore
+++ b/perl/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 perl.mak
 perl.mak.old
+MYMETA.json
 MYMETA.yml
 blib
 blibdirs
 pm_to_blib
+PM.stamp
diff --git a/perl/Git.pm b/perl/Git.pm
index f7ce511bbb..ce7e4e8da3 100644
--- a/perl/Git.pm
+++ b/perl/Git.pm
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@ require Exporter;
                 command_output_pipe command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
                 command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe
                 version exec_path html_path hash_object git_cmd_try
-                remote_refs
-                temp_acquire temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
+                remote_refs prompt
+                get_tz_offset
+                credential credential_read credential_write
+                temp_acquire temp_is_locked temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
 
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ use Error qw(:try);
 use Cwd qw(abs_path cwd);
 use IPC::Open2 qw(open2);
 use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET SEEK_CUR);
+use Time::Local qw(timegm);
 }
 
 
@@ -185,7 +188,8 @@ sub repository {
 		};
 
 		if ($dir) {
-			$dir =~ m#^/# or $dir = $opts{Directory} . '/' . $dir;
+			_verify_require();
+			File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($dir) or $dir = $opts{Directory} . '/' . $dir;
 			$opts{Repository} = abs_path($dir);
 
 			# If --git-dir went ok, this shouldn't die either.
@@ -267,13 +271,13 @@ sub command {
 
 	if (not defined wantarray) {
 		# Nothing to pepper the possible exception with.
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 
 	} elsif (not wantarray) {
 		local $/;
 		my $text = <$fh>;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			# Pepper with the output:
 			my $E = shift;
@@ -286,7 +290,7 @@ sub command {
 		my @lines = <$fh>;
 		defined and chomp for @lines;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			my $E = shift;
 			$E->{'-outputref'} = \@lines;
@@ -313,7 +317,7 @@ sub command_oneline {
 	my $line = <$fh>;
 	defined $line and chomp $line;
 	try {
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 		# Pepper with the output:
 		my $E = shift;
@@ -381,7 +385,7 @@ have more complicated structure.
 sub command_close_pipe {
 	my ($self, $fh, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
 	$ctx ||= '<unknown>';
-	_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 }
 
 =item command_bidi_pipe ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
@@ -389,7 +393,7 @@ sub command_close_pipe {
 Execute the given C<COMMAND> in the same way as command_output_pipe()
 does but return both an input pipe filehandle and an output pipe filehandle.
 
-The function will return return C<($pid, $pipe_in, $pipe_out, $ctx)>.
+The function will return C<($pid, $pipe_in, $pipe_out, $ctx)>.
 See C<command_close_bidi_pipe()> for details.
 
 =cut
@@ -418,7 +422,7 @@ and it is the fourth value returned by C<command_bidi_pipe()>.  The call idiom
 is:
 
 	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
-	print "000000000\n" $out;
+	print $out "000000000\n";
 	while (<$in>) { ... }
 	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, $out, $ctx);
 
@@ -426,23 +430,26 @@ Note that you should not rely on whatever actually is in C<CTX>;
 currently it is simply the command name but in future the context might
 have more complicated structure.
 
+C<PIPE_IN> and C<PIPE_OUT> may be C<undef> if they have been closed prior to
+calling this function.  This may be useful in a query-response type of
+commands where caller first writes a query and later reads response, eg:
+
+	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
+	print $out "000000000\n";
+	close $out;
+	while (<$in>) { ... }
+	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, undef, $ctx);
+
+This idiom may prevent potential dead locks caused by data sent to the output
+pipe not being flushed and thus not reaching the executed command.
+
 =cut
 
 sub command_close_bidi_pipe {
 	local $?;
-	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = @_;
-	foreach my $fh ($in, $out) {
-		unless (close $fh) {
-			if ($!) {
-				carp "error closing pipe: $!";
-			} elsif ($? >> 8) {
-				throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
+	my ($self, $pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, (grep { defined } ($in, $out)));
 	waitpid $pid, 0;
-
 	if ($? >> 8) {
 		throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
 	}
@@ -512,6 +519,79 @@ C<git --html-path>). Useful mostly only internally.
 sub html_path { command_oneline('--html-path') }
 
 
+=item get_tz_offset ( TIME )
+
+Return the time zone offset from GMT in the form +/-HHMM where HH is
+the number of hours from GMT and MM is the number of minutes.  This is
+the equivalent of what strftime("%z", ...) would provide on a GNU
+platform.
+
+If TIME is not supplied, the current local time is used.
+
+=cut
+
+sub get_tz_offset {
+	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	my $gm = timegm(localtime($t));
+	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $gm <=> $t ];
+	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
+}
+
+
+=item prompt ( PROMPT , ISPASSWORD  )
+
+Query user C<PROMPT> and return answer from user.
+
+Honours GIT_ASKPASS and SSH_ASKPASS environment variables for querying
+the user. If no *_ASKPASS variable is set or an error occoured,
+the terminal is tried as a fallback.
+If C<ISPASSWORD> is set and true, the terminal disables echo.
+
+=cut
+
+sub prompt {
+	my ($prompt, $isPassword) = @_;
+	my $ret;
+	if (exists $ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret && exists $ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret) {
+		print STDERR $prompt;
+		STDERR->flush;
+		if (defined $isPassword && $isPassword) {
+			require Term::ReadKey;
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
+			$ret = '';
+			while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
+				last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
+				$ret .= $key;
+			}
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
+			print STDERR "\n";
+			STDERR->flush;
+		} else {
+			chomp($ret = <STDIN>);
+		}
+	}
+	return $ret;
+}
+
+sub _prompt {
+	my ($askpass, $prompt) = @_;
+	return unless length $askpass;
+	$prompt =~ s/\n/ /g;
+	my $ret;
+	open my $fh, "-|", $askpass, $prompt or return;
+	$ret = <$fh>;
+	$ret =~ s/[\015\012]//g; # strip \r\n, chomp does not work on all systems (i.e. windows) as expected
+	close ($fh);
+	return $ret;
+}
+
 =item repo_path ()
 
 Return path to the git repository. Must be called on a repository instance.
@@ -616,7 +696,7 @@ Retrieve the integer configuration C<VARIABLE>. The return value
 is simple decimal number.  An optional value suffix of 'k', 'm',
 or 'g' in the config file will cause the value to be multiplied
 by 1024, 1048576 (1024^2), or 1073741824 (1024^3) prior to output.
-It would return C<undef> if configuration variable is not defined,
+It would return C<undef> if configuration variable is not defined.
 
 =cut
 
@@ -625,7 +705,7 @@ sub config_int {
 }
 
 # Common subroutine to implement bulk of what the config* family of methods
-# do. This curently wraps command('config') so it is not so fast.
+# do. This currently wraps command('config') so it is not so fast.
 sub _config_common {
 	my ($opts) = shift @_;
 	my ($self, $var) = _maybe_self(@_);
@@ -691,7 +771,7 @@ The hash is in the format C<refname =\> hash>. For tags, the C<refname> entry
 contains the tag object while a C<refname^{}> entry gives the tagged objects.
 
 C<REPOSITORY> has the same meaning as the appropriate C<git-ls-remote>
-argument; either an URL or a remote name (if called on a repository instance).
+argument; either a URL or a remote name (if called on a repository instance).
 C<GROUPS> is an optional arrayref that can contain 'tags' to return all the
 tags and/or 'heads' to return all the heads. C<REFGLOB> is an optional array
 of strings containing a shell-like glob to further limit the refs returned in
@@ -785,6 +865,73 @@ sub ident_person {
 	return "$ident[0] <$ident[1]>";
 }
 
+=item parse_mailboxes
+
+Return an array of mailboxes extracted from a string.
+
+=cut
+
+sub parse_mailboxes {
+	my $re_comment = qr/\((?:[^)]*)\)/;
+	my $re_quote = qr/"(?:[^\"\\]|\\.)*"/;
+	my $re_word = qr/(?:[^]["\s()<>:;@\\,.]|\\.)+/;
+
+	# divide the string in tokens of the above form
+	my $re_token = qr/(?:$re_quote|$re_word|$re_comment|\S)/;
+	my @tokens = map { $_ =~ /\s*($re_token)\s*/g } @_;
+
+	# add a delimiter to simplify treatment for the last mailbox
+	push @tokens, ",";
+
+	my (@addr_list, @phrase, @address, @comment, @buffer) = ();
+	foreach my $token (@tokens) {
+		if ($token =~ /^[,;]$/) {
+			# if buffer still contains undeterminated strings
+			# append it at the end of @address or @phrase
+			if (@address) {
+				push @address, @buffer;
+			} else {
+				push @phrase, @buffer;
+			}
+
+			my $str_phrase = join ' ', @phrase;
+			my $str_address = join '', @address;
+			my $str_comment = join ' ', @comment;
+
+			# quote are necessary if phrase contains
+			# special characters
+			if ($str_phrase =~ /[][()<>:;@\\,.\000-\037\177]/) {
+				$str_phrase =~ s/(^|[^\\])"/$1/g;
+				$str_phrase = qq["$str_phrase"];
+			}
+
+			# add "<>" around the address if necessary
+			if ($str_address ne "" && $str_phrase ne "") {
+				$str_address = qq[<$str_address>];
+			}
+
+			my $str_mailbox = "$str_phrase $str_address $str_comment";
+			$str_mailbox =~ s/^\s*|\s*$//g;
+			push @addr_list, $str_mailbox if ($str_mailbox);
+
+			@phrase = @address = @comment = @buffer = ();
+		} elsif ($token =~ /^\(/) {
+			push @comment, $token;
+		} elsif ($token eq "<") {
+			push @phrase, (splice @address), (splice @buffer);
+		} elsif ($token eq ">") {
+			push @address, (splice @buffer);
+		} elsif ($token eq "@") {
+			push @address, (splice @buffer), "@";
+		} elsif ($token eq ".") {
+			push @address, (splice @buffer), ".";
+		} else {
+			push @buffer, $token;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return @addr_list;
+}
 
 =item hash_object ( TYPE, FILENAME )
 
@@ -890,20 +1037,22 @@ sub cat_blob {
 	my $size = $1;
 
 	my $blob;
-	my $bytesRead = 0;
+	my $bytesLeft = $size;
 
 	while (1) {
-		my $bytesLeft = $size - $bytesRead;
 		last unless $bytesLeft;
 
 		my $bytesToRead = $bytesLeft < 1024 ? $bytesLeft : 1024;
-		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead, $bytesRead);
+		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead);
 		unless (defined($read)) {
 			$self->_close_cat_blob();
 			throw Error::Simple("in pipe went bad");
 		}
-
-		$bytesRead += $read;
+		unless (print $fh $blob) {
+			$self->_close_cat_blob();
+			throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
+		}
+		$bytesLeft -= $read;
 	}
 
 	# Skip past the trailing newline.
@@ -918,11 +1067,6 @@ sub cat_blob {
 		throw Error::Simple("didn't find newline after blob");
 	}
 
-	unless (print $fh $blob) {
-		$self->_close_cat_blob();
-		throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
-	}
-
 	return $size;
 }
 
@@ -948,13 +1092,163 @@ sub _close_cat_blob {
 }
 
 
+=item credential_read( FILEHANDLE )
+
+Reads credential key-value pairs from C<FILEHANDLE>.  Reading stops at EOF or
+when an empty line is encountered.  Each line must be of the form C<key=value>
+with a non-empty key.  Function returns hash with all read values.  Any white
+space (other than new-line character) is preserved.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_read {
+	my ($self, $reader) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my %credential;
+	while (<$reader>) {
+		chomp;
+		if ($_ eq '') {
+			last;
+		} elsif (!/^([^=]+)=(.*)$/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("unable to parse git credential data:\n$_");
+		}
+		$credential{$1} = $2;
+	}
+	return %credential;
+}
+
+=item credential_write( FILEHANDLE, CREDENTIAL_HASHREF )
+
+Writes credential key-value pairs from hash referenced by
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> to C<FILEHANDLE>.  Keys and values cannot contain
+new-lines or NUL bytes characters, and key cannot contain equal signs nor be
+empty (if they do Error::Simple is thrown).  Any white space is preserved.  If
+value for a key is C<undef>, it will be skipped.
+
+If C<'url'> key exists it will be written first.  (All the other key-value
+pairs are written in sorted order but you should not depend on that).  Once
+all lines are written, an empty line is printed.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_write {
+	my ($self, $writer, $credential) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($key, $value);
+
+	# Check if $credential is valid prior to writing anything
+	while (($key, $value) = each %$credential) {
+		if (!defined $key || !length $key) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key empty or undefined");
+		} elsif ($key =~ /[=\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key contains invalid characters: $key");
+		} elsif (defined $value && $value =~ /[\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential value for key=$key contains invalid characters: $value");
+		}
+	}
+
+	for $key (sort {
+		# url overwrites other fields, so it must come first
+		return -1 if $a eq 'url';
+		return  1 if $b eq 'url';
+		return $a cmp $b;
+	} keys %$credential) {
+		if (defined $credential->{$key}) {
+			print $writer $key, '=', $credential->{$key}, "\n";
+		}
+	}
+	print $writer "\n";
+}
+
+sub _credential_run {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($pid, $reader, $writer, $ctx) = command_bidi_pipe('credential', $op);
+
+	credential_write $writer, $credential;
+	close $writer;
+
+	if ($op eq "fill") {
+		%$credential = credential_read $reader;
+	}
+	if (<$reader>) {
+		throw Error::Simple("unexpected output from git credential $op response:\n$_\n");
+	}
+
+	command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $reader, undef, $ctx);
+}
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF [, OPERATION ] )
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF, CODE )
+
+Executes C<git credential> for a given set of credentials and specified
+operation.  In both forms C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> needs to be a reference to
+a hash which stores credentials.  Under certain conditions the hash can
+change.
+
+In the first form, C<OPERATION> can be C<'fill'>, C<'approve'> or C<'reject'>,
+and function will execute corresponding C<git credential> sub-command.  If
+it's omitted C<'fill'> is assumed.  In case of C<'fill'> the values stored in
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> will be changed to the ones returned by the C<git
+credential fill> command.  The usual usage would look something like:
+
+	my %cred = (
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	);
+	Git::credential \%cred;
+	if (try_to_authenticate($cred{'username'}, $cred{'password'})) {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'approve';
+		... do more stuff ...
+	} else {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'reject';
+	}
+
+In the second form, C<CODE> needs to be a reference to a subroutine.  The
+function will execute C<git credential fill> to fill the provided credential
+hash, then call C<CODE> with C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> as the sole argument.  If
+C<CODE>'s return value is defined, the function will execute C<git credential
+approve> (if return value yields true) or C<git credential reject> (if return
+value is false).  If the return value is undef, nothing at all is executed;
+this is useful, for example, if the credential could neither be verified nor
+rejected due to an unrelated network error.  The return value is the same as
+what C<CODE> returns.  With this form, the usage might look as follows:
+
+	if (Git::credential {
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!try_to_authenticate($cred->{'username'},
+		                             $cred->{'password'});
+	}) {
+		... do more stuff ...
+	}
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op_or_code) = (_maybe_self(@_), 'fill');
+
+	if ('CODE' eq ref $op_or_code) {
+		_credential_run $credential, 'fill';
+		my $ret = $op_or_code->($credential);
+		if (defined $ret) {
+			_credential_run $credential, $ret ? 'approve' : 'reject';
+		}
+		return $ret;
+	} else {
+		_credential_run $credential, $op_or_code;
+	}
+}
+
 { # %TEMP_* Lexical Context
 
 my (%TEMP_FILEMAP, %TEMP_FILES);
 
 =item temp_acquire ( NAME )
 
-Attempts to retreive the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
+Attempts to retrieve the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
 associated temp file has not been created this session or was closed, it is
 created, cached, and set for autoflush and binmode.
 
@@ -980,6 +1274,35 @@ sub temp_acquire {
 	$temp_fd;
 }
 
+=item temp_is_locked ( NAME )
+
+Returns true if the internal lock created by a previous C<temp_acquire()>
+call with C<NAME> is still in effect.
+
+When temp_acquire is called on a C<NAME>, it internally locks the temporary
+file mapped to C<NAME>.  That lock will not be released until C<temp_release()>
+is called with either the original C<NAME> or the L<File::Handle> that was
+returned from the original call to temp_acquire.
+
+Subsequent attempts to call C<temp_acquire()> with the same C<NAME> will fail
+unless there has been an intervening C<temp_release()> call for that C<NAME>
+(or its corresponding L<File::Handle> that was returned by the original
+C<temp_acquire()> call).
+
+If true is returned by C<temp_is_locked()> for a C<NAME>, an attempt to
+C<temp_acquire()> the same C<NAME> will cause an error unless
+C<temp_release> is first called on that C<NAME> (or its corresponding
+L<File::Handle> that was returned by the original C<temp_acquire()> call).
+
+=cut
+
+sub temp_is_locked {
+	my ($self, $name) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my $temp_fd = \$TEMP_FILEMAP{$name};
+
+	defined $$temp_fd && $$temp_fd->opened && $TEMP_FILES{$$temp_fd}{locked};
+}
+
 =item temp_release ( NAME )
 
 =item temp_release ( FILEHANDLE )
@@ -1039,8 +1362,11 @@ sub _temp_cache {
 			$tmpdir = $self->repo_path();
 		}
 
-		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp->tempfile(
-			'Git_XXXXXX', UNLINK => 1, DIR => $tmpdir,
+		my $n = $name;
+		$n =~ s/\W/_/g; # no strange chars
+
+		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp::tempfile(
+			"Git_${n}_XXXXXX", UNLINK => 1, DIR => $tmpdir,
 			) or throw Error::Simple("couldn't open new temp file");
 
 		$$temp_fd->autoflush;
@@ -1263,12 +1589,12 @@ sub _command_common_pipe {
 		if (not defined $pid) {
 			throw Error::Simple("open failed: $!");
 		} elsif ($pid == 0) {
-			if (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
-				close STDERR;
-			}
 			if ($opts{STDERR}) {
 				open (STDERR, '>&', $opts{STDERR})
 					or die "dup failed: $!";
+			} elsif (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
+				open (STDERR, '>', '/dev/null')
+					or die "opening /dev/null failed: $!";
 			}
 			_cmd_exec($self, $cmd, @args);
 		}
@@ -1303,9 +1629,11 @@ sub _execv_git_cmd { exec('git', @_); }
 
 # Close pipe to a subprocess.
 sub _cmd_close {
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = @_;
-	if (not close $fh) {
-		if ($!) {
+	my $ctx = shift @_;
+	foreach my $fh (@_) {
+		if (close $fh) {
+			# nop
+		} elsif ($!) {
 			# It's just close, no point in fatalities
 			carp "error closing pipe: $!";
 		} elsif ($? >> 8) {
diff --git a/perl/Git/I18N.pm b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
index 07597dcb93..f889fd6da9 100644
--- a/perl/Git/I18N.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
@@ -2,7 +2,16 @@ package Git::I18N;
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use Exporter 'import';
+BEGIN {
+	require Exporter;
+	if ($] < 5.008003) {
+		*import = \&Exporter::import;
+	} else {
+		# Exporter 5.57 which supports this invocation was
+		# released with perl 5.8.3
+		Exporter->import('import');
+	}
+}
 
 our @EXPORT = qw(__);
 our @EXPORT_OK = @EXPORT;
@@ -59,7 +68,7 @@ Git::I18N - Perl interface to Git's Gettext localizations
 
 	print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
 
-	printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+	printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm b/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a43108c985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package Git::IndexInfo;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Git qw/command_input_pipe command_close_pipe/;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class) = @_;
+	my ($gui, $ctx) = command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
+	bless { gui => $gui, ctx => $ctx, nr => 0}, $class;
+}
+
+sub remove {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if (print { $self->{gui} } '0 ', 0 x 40, "\t", $path, "\0") {
+		return ++$self->{nr};
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub update {
+	my ($self, $mode, $hash, $path) = @_;
+	if (print { $self->{gui} } $mode, ' ', $hash, "\t", $path, "\0") {
+		return ++$self->{nr};
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	command_close_pipe($self->{gui}, $self->{ctx});
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN.pm b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bee1e7d1cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,2534 @@
+package Git::SVN;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Fcntl qw/:DEFAULT :seek/;
+use constant rev_map_fmt => 'NH40';
+use vars qw/$_no_metadata
+            $_repack $_repack_flags $_use_svm_props $_head
+            $_use_svnsync_props $no_reuse_existing
+	    $_use_log_author $_add_author_from $_localtime/;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use IPC::Open3;
+use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
+use POSIX qw(:signal_h);
+use Time::Local;
+
+use Git qw(
+    command
+    command_oneline
+    command_noisy
+    command_output_pipe
+    command_close_pipe
+    get_tz_offset
+);
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	join_paths
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+my $memo_backend;
+our $_follow_parent  = 1;
+our $_minimize_url   = 'unset';
+our $default_repo_id = 'svn';
+our $default_ref_id  = $ENV{GIT_SVN_ID} || 'git-svn';
+
+my ($_gc_nr, $_gc_period);
+
+# properties that we do not log:
+my %SKIP_PROP;
+BEGIN {
+	%SKIP_PROP = map { $_ => 1 } qw/svn:wc:ra_dav:version-url
+	                                svn:special svn:executable
+	                                svn:entry:committed-rev
+	                                svn:entry:last-author
+	                                svn:entry:uuid
+	                                svn:entry:committed-date/;
+
+	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
+	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
+	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
+	no strict 'refs';
+	for my $option (qw/follow_parent no_metadata use_svm_props
+			   use_svnsync_props/) {
+		my $key = $option;
+		$key =~ tr/_//d;
+		my $prop = "-$option";
+		*$option = sub {
+			my ($self) = @_;
+			return $self->{$prop} if exists $self->{$prop};
+			my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.$key";
+			eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+			if ($@) {
+				$self->{$prop} = ${"Git::SVN::_$option"};
+			} else {
+				my $v = command_oneline(qw/config --bool/,$k);
+				$self->{$prop} = $v eq 'false' ? 0 : 1;
+			}
+			return $self->{$prop};
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+my (%LOCKFILES, %INDEX_FILES);
+END {
+	unlink keys %LOCKFILES if %LOCKFILES;
+	unlink keys %INDEX_FILES if %INDEX_FILES;
+}
+
+sub resolve_local_globs {
+	my ($url, $fetch, $glob_spec) = @_;
+	return unless defined $glob_spec;
+	my $ref = $glob_spec->{ref};
+	my $path = $glob_spec->{path};
+	foreach (command(qw#for-each-ref --format=%(refname) refs/#)) {
+		next unless m#^$ref->{regex}$#;
+		my $p = $1;
+		my $pathname = desanitize_refname($path->full_path($p));
+		my $refname = desanitize_refname($ref->full_path($p));
+		if (my $existing = $fetch->{$pathname}) {
+			if ($existing ne $refname) {
+				die "Refspec conflict:\n",
+				    "existing: $existing\n",
+				    " globbed: $refname\n";
+			}
+			my $u = (::cmt_metadata("$refname"))[0] or die
+			    "$refname: no associated commit metadata\n";
+			$u =~ s!^\Q$url\E(/|$)!! or die
+			  "$refname: '$url' not found in '$u'\n";
+			if ($pathname ne $u) {
+				warn "W: Refspec glob conflict ",
+				     "(ref: $refname):\n",
+				     "expected path: $pathname\n",
+				     "    real path: $u\n",
+				     "Continuing ahead with $u\n";
+				next;
+			}
+		} else {
+			$fetch->{$pathname} = $refname;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub parse_revision_argument {
+	my ($base, $head) = @_;
+	if (!defined $::_revision || $::_revision eq 'BASE:HEAD') {
+		return ($base, $head);
+	}
+	return ($1, $2) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/);
+	return ($::_revision, $::_revision) if ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/);
+	return ($head, $head) if ($::_revision eq 'HEAD');
+	return ($base, $1) if ($::_revision =~ /^BASE:(\d+)$/);
+	return ($1, $head) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):HEAD$/);
+	die "revision argument: $::_revision not understood by git-svn\n";
+}
+
+sub fetch_all {
+	my ($repo_id, $remotes) = @_;
+	if (ref $repo_id) {
+		my $gs = $repo_id;
+		$repo_id = undef;
+		$repo_id = $gs->{repo_id};
+	}
+	$remotes ||= read_all_remotes();
+	my $remote = $remotes->{$repo_id} or
+	             die "[svn-remote \"$repo_id\"] unknown\n";
+	my $fetch = $remote->{fetch};
+	my $url = $remote->{url} or die "svn-remote.$repo_id.url not defined\n";
+	my (@gs, @globs);
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+	my $uuid = $ra->get_uuid;
+	my $head = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+
+	# ignore errors, $head revision may not even exist anymore
+	eval { $ra->get_log("", $head, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub { $head = $_[1] }) };
+	warn "W: $@\n" if $@;
+
+	my $base = defined $fetch ? $head : 0;
+
+	# read the max revs for wildcard expansion (branches/*, tags/*)
+	foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
+		defined $remote->{$t} or next;
+		push @globs, @{$remote->{$t}};
+
+		my $max_rev = eval { tmp_config(qw/--int --get/,
+		                         "svn-remote.$repo_id.${t}-maxRev") };
+		if (defined $max_rev && ($max_rev < $base)) {
+			$base = $max_rev;
+		} elsif (!defined $max_rev) {
+			$base = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($fetch) {
+		foreach my $p (sort keys %$fetch) {
+			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$p}, $repo_id, $p);
+			my $lr = $gs->rev_map_max;
+			if (defined $lr) {
+				$base = $lr if ($lr < $base);
+			}
+			push @gs, $gs;
+		}
+	}
+
+	($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument($base, $head);
+	$ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, \@gs, \@globs);
+}
+
+sub read_all_remotes {
+	my $r = {};
+	my $use_svm_props = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --bool
+	    svn.useSvmProps/) };
+	$use_svm_props = $use_svm_props eq 'true' if $use_svm_props;
+	my $svn_refspec = qr{\s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*};
+	foreach (grep { s/^svn-remote\.// } command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		if (m!^(.+)\.fetch=$svn_refspec$!) {
+			my ($remote, $local_ref, $remote_ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' "
+			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
+				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
+			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
+			$r->{$remote}->{fetch}->{$local_ref} = $remote_ref;
+			$r->{$remote}->{svm} = {} if $use_svm_props;
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.usesvmprops=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{svm} = {};
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.url=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{url} = canonicalize_url($2);
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.pushurl=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{pushurl} = canonicalize_url($2);
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.ignore-refs=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{ignore_refs_regex} = $2;
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.(branches|tags)=$svn_refspec$!) {
+			my ($remote, $t, $local_ref, $remote_ref) =
+			                                     ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' ($t) "
+			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
+				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
+			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
+
+			require Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
+			my $rs = {
+			    t => $t,
+			    remote => $remote,
+			    path => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($local_ref, 1),
+			    ref => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($remote_ref, 0) };
+			if (length($rs->{ref}->{right}) != 0) {
+				die "The '*' glob character must be the last ",
+				    "character of '$remote_ref'\n";
+			}
+			push @{ $r->{$remote}->{$t} }, $rs;
+		}
+	}
+
+	map {
+		if (defined $r->{$_}->{svm}) {
+			my $svm;
+			eval {
+				my $section = "svn-remote.$_";
+				$svm = {
+					source => tmp_config('--get',
+					    "$section.svm-source"),
+					replace => tmp_config('--get',
+					    "$section.svm-replace"),
+				}
+			};
+			$r->{$_}->{svm} = $svm;
+		}
+	} keys %$r;
+
+	foreach my $remote (keys %$r) {
+		foreach ( grep { defined $_ }
+			  map { $r->{$remote}->{$_} } qw(branches tags) ) {
+			foreach my $rs ( @$_ ) {
+				$rs->{ignore_refs_regex} =
+				    $r->{$remote}->{ignore_refs_regex};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	$r;
+}
+
+sub init_vars {
+	$_gc_nr = $_gc_period = 1000;
+	if (defined $_repack || defined $_repack_flags) {
+	       warn "Repack options are obsolete; they have no effect.\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub verify_remotes_sanity {
+	return unless -d $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	my %seen;
+	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		if (m!^svn-remote\.(?:.+)\.fetch=.*:refs/remotes/(\S+)\s*$!) {
+			if ($seen{$1}) {
+				die "Remote ref refs/remote/$1 is tracked by",
+				    "\n  \"$_\"\nand\n  \"$seen{$1}\"\n",
+				    "Please resolve this ambiguity in ",
+				    "your git configuration file before ",
+				    "continuing\n";
+			}
+			$seen{$1} = $_;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub find_existing_remote {
+	my ($url, $remotes) = @_;
+	return undef if $no_reuse_existing;
+	my $existing;
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
+		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		next if $u ne $url;
+		$existing = $repo_id;
+		last;
+	}
+	$existing;
+}
+
+sub init_remote_config {
+	my ($self, $url, $no_write) = @_;
+	$url = canonicalize_url($url);
+	my $r = read_all_remotes();
+	my $existing = find_existing_remote($url, $r);
+	if ($existing) {
+		unless ($no_write) {
+			print STDERR "Using existing ",
+				     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
+		}
+		$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
+	} elsif ($_minimize_url) {
+		my $min_url = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url)->minimize_url;
+		$existing = find_existing_remote($min_url, $r);
+		if ($existing) {
+			unless ($no_write) {
+				print STDERR "Using existing ",
+					     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
+			}
+			$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
+		}
+		if ($min_url ne $url) {
+			unless ($no_write) {
+				print STDERR "Using higher level of URL: ",
+					     "$url => $min_url\n";
+			}
+			my $old_path = $self->path;
+			$url =~ s!^\Q$min_url\E(/|$)!!;
+			$url = join_paths($url, $old_path);
+			$self->path($url);
+			$url = $min_url;
+		}
+	}
+	my $orig_url;
+	if (!$existing) {
+		# verify that we aren't overwriting anything:
+		$orig_url = eval {
+			command_oneline('config', '--get',
+					"svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url")
+		};
+		if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $url)) {
+			die "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url already set: ",
+			    "$orig_url\nwanted to set to: $url\n";
+		}
+	}
+	my ($xrepo_id, $xpath) = find_ref($self->refname);
+	if (!$no_write && defined $xpath) {
+		die "svn-remote.$xrepo_id.fetch already set to track ",
+		    "$xpath:", $self->refname, "\n";
+	}
+	unless ($no_write) {
+		command_noisy('config',
+			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url", $url);
+		my $path = $self->path;
+		$path =~ s{^/}{};
+		$path =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
+		$self->path($path);
+		command_noisy('config', '--add',
+			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.fetch",
+			      $self->path.":".$self->refname);
+	}
+	$self->url($url);
+}
+
+sub find_by_url { # repos_root and, path are optional
+	my ($class, $full_url, $repos_root, $path) = @_;
+
+	$full_url = canonicalize_url($full_url);
+
+	return undef unless defined $full_url;
+	remove_username($full_url);
+	remove_username($repos_root) if defined $repos_root;
+	my $remotes = read_all_remotes();
+	if (defined $full_url && defined $repos_root && !defined $path) {
+		$path = $full_url;
+		$path =~ s#^\Q$repos_root\E(?:/|$)##;
+	}
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
+		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		remove_username($u);
+		next if defined $repos_root && $repos_root ne $u;
+
+		my $fetch = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{fetch} || {};
+		foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
+			foreach my $globspec (@{$remotes->{$repo_id}->{$t}}) {
+				resolve_local_globs($u, $fetch, $globspec);
+			}
+		}
+		my $p = $path;
+		my $rwr = rewrite_root({repo_id => $repo_id});
+		my $svm = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm}
+			if defined $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm};
+		unless (defined $p) {
+			$p = $full_url;
+			my $z = $u;
+			my $prefix = '';
+			if ($rwr) {
+				$z = $rwr;
+				remove_username($z);
+			} elsif (defined $svm) {
+				$z = $svm->{source};
+				$prefix = $svm->{replace};
+				$prefix =~ s#^\Q$u\E(?:/|$)##;
+				$prefix =~ s#/$##;
+			}
+			$p =~ s#^\Q$z\E(?:/|$)#$prefix# or next;
+		}
+
+		# remote fetch paths are not URI escaped.  Decode ours
+		# so they match
+		$p = uri_decode($p);
+
+		foreach my $f (keys %$fetch) {
+			next if $f ne $p;
+			return Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$f}, $repo_id, $f);
+		}
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub init {
+	my ($class, $url, $path, $repo_id, $ref_id, $no_write) = @_;
+	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
+	if (defined $url) {
+		$self->init_remote_config($url, $no_write);
+	}
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub find_ref {
+	my ($ref_id) = @_;
+	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		next unless m!^svn-remote\.(.+)\.fetch=
+		              \s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$!x;
+		my ($repo_id, $path, $ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+		if ($ref eq $ref_id) {
+			$path = '' if ($path =~ m#^\./?#);
+			return ($repo_id, $path);
+		}
+	}
+	(undef, undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $ref_id, $repo_id, $path) = @_;
+	if (defined $ref_id && !defined $repo_id && !defined $path) {
+		($repo_id, $path) = find_ref($ref_id);
+		if (!defined $repo_id) {
+			die "Could not find a \"svn-remote.*.fetch\" key ",
+			    "in the repository configuration matching: ",
+			    "$ref_id\n";
+		}
+	}
+	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
+	if (!defined $self->path || !length $self->path) {
+		my $fetch = command_oneline('config', '--get',
+		                            "svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch",
+		                            ":$ref_id\$") or
+		     die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch\" ",
+		         "\":$ref_id\$\" in config\n";
+		my($path) = split(/\s*:\s*/, $fetch);
+		$self->path($path);
+	}
+	{
+		my $path = $self->path;
+		$path =~ s{\A/}{};
+		$path =~ s{/\z}{};
+		$self->path($path);
+	}
+	my $url = command_oneline('config', '--get',
+	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.url") or
+                  die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.url\" in config\n";
+	$self->url($url);
+	$self->{pushurl} = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
+	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.pushurl") };
+	$self->rebuild;
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub refname {
+	my ($refname) = $_[0]->{ref_id} ;
+
+	# It cannot end with a slash /, we'll throw up on this because
+	# SVN can't have directories with a slash in their name, either:
+	if ($refname =~ m{/$}) {
+		die "ref: '$refname' ends with a trailing slash; this is ",
+		    "not permitted by git or Subversion\n";
+	}
+
+	# It cannot have ASCII control character space, tilde ~, caret ^,
+	# colon :, question-mark ?, asterisk *, space, or open bracket [
+	# anywhere.
+	#
+	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
+	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
+	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{sprintf('%%%02X',ord($1))}eg;
+
+	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
+	# /.* becomes /%2E*
+	$refname =~ s{/\.}{/%2E}g;
+
+	# It cannot have two consecutive dots .. anywhere
+	# .. becomes %2E%2E
+	$refname =~ s{\.\.}{%2E%2E}g;
+
+	# trailing dots and .lock are not allowed
+	# .$ becomes %2E and .lock becomes %2Elock
+	$refname =~ s{\.(?=$|lock$)}{%2E};
+
+	# the sequence @{ is used to access the reflog
+	# @{ becomes %40{
+	$refname =~ s{\@\{}{%40\{}g;
+
+	return $refname;
+}
+
+sub desanitize_refname {
+	my ($refname) = @_;
+	$refname =~ s{%(?:([0-9A-F]{2}))}{chr hex($1)}eg;
+	return $refname;
+}
+
+sub svm_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svm}->{uuid} if $self->svm;
+	$self->ra;
+	unless ($self->{svm}) {
+		die "SVM UUID not cached, and reading remotely failed\n";
+	}
+	$self->{svm}->{uuid};
+}
+
+sub svm {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svm} if $self->{svm};
+	my $svm;
+	# see if we have it in our config, first:
+	eval {
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+		$svm = {
+		  source => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-source"),
+		  uuid => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-uuid"),
+		  replace => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-replace"),
+		}
+	};
+	if ($svm && $svm->{source} && $svm->{uuid} && $svm->{replace}) {
+		$self->{svm} = $svm;
+	}
+	$self->{svm};
+}
+
+sub _set_svm_vars {
+	my ($self, $ra) = @_;
+	return $ra if $self->svm;
+
+	my @err = ( "useSvmProps set, but failed to read SVM properties\n",
+		    "(svm:source, svm:uuid) ",
+		    "from the following URLs:\n" );
+	sub read_svm_props {
+		my ($self, $ra, $path, $r) = @_;
+		my $props = ($ra->get_dir($path, $r))[2];
+		my $src = $props->{'svm:source'};
+		my $uuid = $props->{'svm:uuid'};
+		return undef if (!$src || !$uuid);
+
+		chomp($src, $uuid);
+
+		$uuid =~ m{^[0-9a-f\-]{30,}$}i
+		    or die "doesn't look right - svm:uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+		# the '!' is used to mark the repos_root!/relative/path
+		$src =~ s{/?!/?}{/};
+		$src =~ s{/+$}{}; # no trailing slashes please
+		# username is of no interest
+		$src =~ s{(^[a-z\+]*://)[^/@]*@}{$1};
+
+		my $replace = add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path);
+
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-source", $src);
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-replace", $replace);
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-uuid", $uuid);
+		$self->{svm} = {
+			source => $src,
+			uuid => $uuid,
+			replace => $replace
+		};
+	}
+
+	my $r = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	my $path = $self->path;
+	my %tried;
+	while (length $path) {
+		my $try = add_path_to_url($self->url, $path);
+		unless ($tried{$try}) {
+			return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+			$tried{$try} = 1;
+		}
+		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
+	}
+	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
+	return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+	$tried{ add_path_to_url($self->url, $path) } = 1;
+
+	if ($ra->{repos_root} eq $self->url) {
+		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
+	}
+
+	# nope, make sure we're connected to the repository root:
+	my $ok;
+	my @tried_b;
+	$path = $ra->{svn_path};
+	$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
+	while (length $path) {
+		my $try = add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path);
+		unless ($tried{$try}) {
+			$ok = $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+			last if $ok;
+			$tried{$try} = 1;
+		}
+		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
+	}
+	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
+	$ok ||= $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+	$tried{ add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path) } = 1;
+	if (!$ok) {
+		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
+	}
+	Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->url);
+}
+
+sub svnsync {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svnsync} if $self->{svnsync};
+
+	if ($self->no_metadata) {
+		die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
+		    "'useSvnsyncProps' options set!\n";
+	}
+	if ($self->rewrite_root) {
+		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
+		    "options set!\n";
+	}
+	if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
+		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
+		    "options set!\n";
+	}
+
+	my $svnsync;
+	# see if we have it in our config, first:
+	eval {
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+
+		my $url = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-url");
+		($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
+		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
+
+		my $uuid = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-uuid");
+		($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
+		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+		$svnsync = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid }
+	};
+	if ($svnsync && $svnsync->{url} && $svnsync->{uuid}) {
+		return $self->{svnsync} = $svnsync;
+	}
+
+	my $err = "useSvnsyncProps set, but failed to read " .
+	          "svnsync property: svn:sync-from-";
+	my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist(0);
+
+	my $url = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-url'} or die $err . "url\n";
+	($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
+	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
+
+	my $uuid = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-uuid'} or die $err . "uuid\n";
+	($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
+	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+	my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-uuid", $uuid);
+	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-url", $url);
+	return $self->{svnsync} = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid };
+}
+
+# this allows us to memoize our SVN::Ra UUID locally and avoid a
+# remote lookup (useful for 'git svn log').
+sub ra_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	unless ($self->{ra_uuid}) {
+		my $key = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.uuid";
+		my $uuid = eval { tmp_config('--get', $key) };
+		if (!$@ && $uuid && $uuid =~ /^([a-f\d\-]{30,})$/i) {
+			$self->{ra_uuid} = $uuid;
+		} else {
+			die "ra_uuid called without URL\n" unless $self->url;
+			$self->{ra_uuid} = $self->ra->get_uuid;
+			tmp_config('--add', $key, $self->{ra_uuid});
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{ra_uuid};
+}
+
+sub _set_repos_root {
+	my ($self, $repos_root) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
+	$repos_root ||= $self->ra->{repos_root};
+	tmp_config($k, $repos_root);
+	$repos_root;
+}
+
+sub repos_root {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
+	eval { tmp_config('--get', $k) } || $self->_set_repos_root;
+}
+
+sub ra {
+	my ($self) = shift;
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->url);
+	$self->_set_repos_root($ra->{repos_root});
+	if ($self->use_svm_props && !$self->{svm}) {
+		if ($self->no_metadata) {
+			die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
+			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
+		} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and ",
+			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
+		}
+		$ra = $self->_set_svm_vars($ra);
+		$self->{-want_revprops} = 1;
+	}
+	$ra;
+}
+
+# prop_walk(PATH, REV, SUB)
+# -------------------------
+# Recursively traverse PATH at revision REV and invoke SUB for each
+# directory that contains a SVN property.  SUB will be invoked as
+# follows:  &SUB(gs, path, props);  where `gs' is this instance of
+# Git::SVN, `path' the path to the directory where the properties
+# `props' were found.  The `path' will be relative to point of checkout,
+# that is, if url://repo/trunk is the current Git branch, and that
+# directory contains a sub-directory `d', SUB will be invoked with `/d/'
+# as `path' (note the trailing `/').
+sub prop_walk {
+	my ($self, $path, $rev, $sub) = @_;
+
+	$path =~ s#^/##;
+	my ($dirent, undef, $props) = $self->ra->get_dir($path, $rev);
+	$path =~ s#^/*#/#g;
+	my $p = $path;
+	# Strip the irrelevant part of the path.
+	$p =~ s#^/+\Q@{[$self->path]}\E(/|$)#/#;
+	# Ensure the path is terminated by a `/'.
+	$p =~ s#/*$#/#;
+
+	# The properties contain all the internal SVN stuff nobody
+	# (usually) cares about.
+	my $interesting_props = 0;
+	foreach (keys %{$props}) {
+		# If it doesn't start with `svn:', it must be a
+		# user-defined property.
+		++$interesting_props and next if $_ !~ /^svn:/;
+		# FIXME: Fragile, if SVN adds new public properties,
+		# this needs to be updated.
+		++$interesting_props if /^svn:(?:ignore|keywords|executable
+		                                 |eol-style|mime-type
+						 |externals|needs-lock)$/x;
+	}
+	&$sub($self, $p, $props) if $interesting_props;
+
+	foreach (sort keys %$dirent) {
+		next if $dirent->{$_}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
+		$self->prop_walk($self->path . $p . $_, $rev, $sub);
+	}
+}
+
+sub last_rev { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[0] }
+sub last_commit { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[1] }
+
+# returns the newest SVN revision number and newest commit SHA1
+sub last_rev_commit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	if (defined $self->{last_rev} && defined $self->{last_commit}) {
+		return ($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit});
+	}
+	my $c = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
+	if ($c && !$self->use_svm_props && !$self->no_metadata) {
+		my $rev = (::cmt_metadata($c))[1];
+		if (defined $rev) {
+			($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $c);
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+	}
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	unless (-e $map_path) {
+		($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = (undef, undef);
+		return (undef, undef);
+	}
+	my ($rev, $commit) = $self->rev_map_max(1);
+	($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $commit);
+	return ($rev, $commit);
+}
+
+sub get_fetch_range {
+	my ($self, $min, $max) = @_;
+	$max ||= $self->ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	$min ||= $self->rev_map_max;
+	(++$min, $max);
+}
+
+sub tmp_config {
+	my (@args) = @_;
+	my $old_def_config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config";
+	my $config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.metadata";
+	if (! -f $config && -f $old_def_config) {
+		rename $old_def_config, $config or
+		       die "Failed rename $old_def_config => $config: $!\n";
+	}
+	my $old_config = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
+	$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $config;
+	$@ = undef;
+	my @ret = eval {
+		unless (-f $config) {
+			mkfile($config);
+			open my $fh, '>', $config or
+			    die "Can't open $config: $!\n";
+			print $fh "; This file is used internally by ",
+			          "git-svn\n" or die
+				  "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
+			print $fh "; You should not have to edit it\n" or
+			      die "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
+			close $fh or die "Couldn't close $config: $!\n";
+		}
+		command('config', @args);
+	};
+	my $err = $@;
+	if (defined $old_config) {
+		$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $old_config;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
+	}
+	die $err if $err;
+	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+}
+
+sub tmp_index_do {
+	my ($self, $sub) = @_;
+	my $old_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $self->{index};
+	$@ = undef;
+	my @ret = eval {
+		my ($dir, $base) = ($self->{index} =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
+		&$sub;
+	};
+	my $err = $@;
+	if (defined $old_index) {
+		$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $old_index;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+	}
+	die $err if $err;
+	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+}
+
+sub assert_index_clean {
+	my ($self, $treeish) = @_;
+
+	$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish) unless -e $self->{index};
+		my $x = command_oneline('write-tree');
+		my ($y) = (command(qw/cat-file commit/, $treeish) =~
+		           /^tree ($::sha1)/mo);
+		return if $y eq $x;
+
+		warn "Index mismatch: $y != $x\nrereading $treeish\n";
+		unlink $self->{index} or die "unlink $self->{index}: $!\n";
+		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish);
+		$x = command_oneline('write-tree');
+		if ($y ne $x) {
+			fatal "trees ($treeish) $y != $x\n",
+			      "Something is seriously wrong...";
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+sub get_commit_parents {
+	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
+	my (%seen, @ret, @tmp);
+	# legacy support for 'set-tree'; this is only used by set_tree_cb:
+	if (my $ip = $self->{inject_parents}) {
+		if (my $commit = delete $ip->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
+			push @tmp, $commit;
+		}
+	}
+	if (my $cur = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0')) {
+		push @tmp, $cur;
+	}
+	if (my $ipd = $self->{inject_parents_dcommit}) {
+		if (my $commit = delete $ipd->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
+			push @tmp, @$commit;
+		}
+	}
+	push @tmp, $_ foreach (@{$log_entry->{parents}}, @tmp);
+	while (my $p = shift @tmp) {
+		next if $seen{$p};
+		$seen{$p} = 1;
+		push @ret, $p;
+	}
+	@ret;
+}
+
+sub rewrite_root {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{-rewrite_root} if exists $self->{-rewrite_root};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteRoot";
+	my $rwr = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($rwr) {
+		$rwr =~ s#/+$##;
+		if ($rwr !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+			die "$rwr is not a valid URL (key: $k)\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{-rewrite_root} = $rwr;
+}
+
+sub rewrite_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{-rewrite_uuid} if exists $self->{-rewrite_uuid};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteUUID";
+	my $rwid = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($rwid) {
+		$rwid =~ s#/+$##;
+		if ($rwid !~ m#^[a-f0-9]{8}-(?:[a-f0-9]{4}-){3}[a-f0-9]{12}$#) {
+			die "$rwid is not a valid UUID (key: $k)\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{-rewrite_uuid} = $rwid;
+}
+
+sub metadata_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $url = $self->rewrite_root || $self->url;
+	return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $self->path ) );
+}
+
+sub full_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $self->url, $self->path ) );
+}
+
+sub full_pushurl {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	if ($self->{pushurl}) {
+		return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $self->{pushurl}, $self->path ) );
+	} else {
+		return $self->full_url;
+	}
+}
+
+sub set_commit_header_env {
+	my ($log_entry) = @_;
+	my %env;
+	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
+		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
+			$env{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"} = $ENV{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"};
+		}
+	}
+
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $log_entry->{name};
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $log_entry->{email};
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE} = $log_entry->{date};
+
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_name})
+						? $log_entry->{commit_name}
+						: $log_entry->{name};
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_email})
+						? $log_entry->{commit_email}
+						: $log_entry->{email};
+	\%env;
+}
+
+sub restore_commit_header_env {
+	my ($env) = @_;
+	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
+		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
+			my $k = "GIT_${ac}_${ned}";
+			if (defined $env->{$k}) {
+				$ENV{$k} = $env->{$k};
+			} else {
+				delete $ENV{$k};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub gc {
+	command_noisy('gc', '--auto');
+};
+
+sub do_git_commit {
+	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
+	my $lr = $self->last_rev;
+	if (defined $lr && $lr >= $log_entry->{revision}) {
+		die "Last fetched revision of ", $self->refname,
+		    " was r$lr, but we are about to fetch: ",
+		    "r$log_entry->{revision}!\n";
+	}
+	if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($log_entry->{revision})) {
+		croak "$log_entry->{revision} = $c already exists! ",
+		      "Why are we refetching it?\n";
+	}
+	my $old_env = set_commit_header_env($log_entry);
+	my $tree = $log_entry->{tree};
+	if (!defined $tree) {
+		$tree = $self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+		                            command_oneline('write-tree') });
+	}
+	die "Tree is not a valid sha1: $tree\n" if $tree !~ /^$::sha1$/o;
+
+	my @exec = ('git', 'commit-tree', $tree);
+	foreach ($self->get_commit_parents($log_entry)) {
+		push @exec, '-p', $_;
+	}
+	defined(my $pid = open3(my $msg_fh, my $out_fh, '>&STDERR', @exec))
+	                                                           or croak $!;
+	binmode $msg_fh;
+
+	# we always get UTF-8 from SVN, but we may want our commits in
+	# a different encoding.
+	if (my $enc = Git::config('i18n.commitencoding')) {
+		require Encode;
+		Encode::from_to($log_entry->{log}, 'UTF-8', $enc);
+	}
+	print $msg_fh $log_entry->{log} or croak $!;
+	restore_commit_header_env($old_env);
+	unless ($self->no_metadata) {
+		print $msg_fh "\ngit-svn-id: $log_entry->{metadata}\n"
+		              or croak $!;
+	}
+	$msg_fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
+	close $msg_fh or croak $!;
+	chomp(my $commit = do { local $/; <$out_fh> });
+	close $out_fh or croak $!;
+	waitpid $pid, 0;
+	croak $? if $?;
+	if ($commit !~ /^$::sha1$/o) {
+		die "Failed to commit, invalid sha1: $commit\n";
+	}
+
+	$self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{revision}, $commit, 1);
+
+	$self->{last_rev} = $log_entry->{revision};
+	$self->{last_commit} = $commit;
+	print "r$log_entry->{revision}" unless $::_q > 1;
+	if (defined $log_entry->{svm_revision}) {
+		 print " (\@$log_entry->{svm_revision})" unless $::_q > 1;
+		 $self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{svm_revision}, $commit,
+		                   0, $self->svm_uuid);
+	}
+	print " = $commit ($self->{ref_id})\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+	if (--$_gc_nr == 0) {
+		$_gc_nr = $_gc_period;
+		gc();
+	}
+	return $commit;
+}
+
+sub match_paths {
+	my ($self, $paths, $r) = @_;
+	return 1 if $self->path eq '';
+	if (my $path = $paths->{"/".$self->path}) {
+		return ($path->{action} eq 'D') ? 0 : 1;
+	}
+	$self->{path_regex} ||= qr{^/\Q@{[$self->path]}\E/};
+	if (grep /$self->{path_regex}/, keys %$paths) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	my $c = '';
+	foreach (split m#/#, $self->path) {
+		$c .= "/$_";
+		next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
+		             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
+		if ($self->ra->check_path($self->path, $r) ==
+		    $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub find_parent_branch {
+	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
+	return undef unless $self->follow_parent;
+	unless (defined $paths) {
+		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+		$SVN::Error::handler = \&Git::SVN::Ra::skip_unknown_revs;
+		$self->ra->get_log([$self->path], $rev, $rev, 0, 1, 1,
+				   sub { $paths = $_[0] });
+		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
+	}
+	return undef unless defined $paths;
+
+	# look for a parent from another branch:
+	my @b_path_components = split m#/#, $self->path;
+	my @a_path_components;
+	my $i;
+	while (@b_path_components) {
+		$i = $paths->{'/'.join('/', @b_path_components)};
+		last if $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
+		unshift(@a_path_components, pop(@b_path_components));
+	}
+	return undef unless defined $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
+	my $branch_from = $i->{copyfrom_path};
+	if (@a_path_components) {
+		print STDERR "branch_from: $branch_from => ";
+		$branch_from .= '/'.join('/', @a_path_components);
+		print STDERR $branch_from, "\n";
+	}
+	my $r = $i->{copyfrom_rev};
+	my $repos_root = $self->ra->{repos_root};
+	my $url = $self->ra->url;
+	my $new_url = canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $branch_from ) );
+	print STDERR  "Found possible branch point: ",
+	              "$new_url => ", $self->full_url, ", $r\n"
+	              unless $::_q > 1;
+	$branch_from =~ s#^/##;
+	my $gs = $self->other_gs($new_url, $url,
+		                 $branch_from, $r, $self->{ref_id});
+	my ($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
+	{
+		my ($base, $head);
+		if (!defined $r0 || !defined $parent) {
+			($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument(0, $r);
+		} else {
+			if ($r0 < $r) {
+				$gs->ra->get_log([$gs->path], $r0 + 1, $r, 1,
+					0, 1, sub { $base = $_[1] - 1 });
+			}
+		}
+		if (defined $base && $base <= $r) {
+			$gs->fetch($base, $r);
+		}
+		($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
+	}
+	if (defined $r0 && defined $parent) {
+		print STDERR "Found branch parent: ($self->{ref_id}) $parent\n"
+		             unless $::_q > 1;
+		my $ed;
+		if ($self->ra->can_do_switch) {
+			$self->assert_index_clean($parent);
+			print STDERR "Following parent with do_switch\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			# do_switch works with svn/trunk >= r22312, but that
+			# is not included with SVN 1.4.3 (the latest version
+			# at the moment), so we can't rely on it
+			$self->{last_rev} = $r0;
+			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
+			$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self, $gs->path);
+			$gs->ra->gs_do_switch($r0, $rev, $gs,
+					      $self->full_url, $ed)
+			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+		} elsif ($self->ra->trees_match($new_url, $r0,
+			                        $self->full_url, $rev)) {
+			print STDERR "Trees match:\n",
+			             "  $new_url\@$r0\n",
+			             "  ${\$self->full_url}\@$rev\n",
+			             "Following parent with no changes\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+			    command_noisy('read-tree', $parent);
+			});
+			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "Following parent with do_update\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+			$self->ra->gs_do_update($rev, $rev, $self, $ed)
+			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+		}
+		print STDERR "Successfully followed parent\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+		return $self->make_log_entry($rev, [$parent], $ed, $r0, $branch_from);
+	}
+	return undef;
+}
+
+sub do_fetch {
+	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
+	my $ed;
+	my ($last_rev, @parents);
+	if (my $lc = $self->last_commit) {
+		# we can have a branch that was deleted, then re-added
+		# under the same name but copied from another path, in
+		# which case we'll have multiple parents (we don't
+		# want to break the original ref or lose copypath info):
+		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
+			push @{$log_entry->{parents}}, $lc;
+			return $log_entry;
+		}
+		$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+		$last_rev = $self->{last_rev};
+		$ed->{c} = $lc;
+		@parents = ($lc);
+	} else {
+		$last_rev = $rev;
+		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
+			return $log_entry;
+		}
+		$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+	}
+	unless ($self->ra->gs_do_update($last_rev, $rev, $self, $ed)) {
+		die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+	}
+	$self->make_log_entry($rev, \@parents, $ed, $last_rev, $self->path);
+}
+
+sub mkemptydirs {
+	my ($self, $r) = @_;
+
+	# add/remove/collect a paths table
+	#
+	# Paths are split into a tree of nodes, stored as a hash of hashes.
+	#
+	# Each node contains a 'path' entry for the path (if any) associated
+	# with that node and a 'children' entry for any nodes under that
+	# location.
+	#
+	# Removing a path requires a hash lookup for each component then
+	# dropping that node (and anything under it), which is substantially
+	# faster than a grep slice into a single hash of paths for large
+	# numbers of paths.
+	#
+	# For a large (200K) number of empty_dir directives this reduces
+	# scanning time to 3 seconds vs 10 minutes for grep+delete on a single
+	# hash of paths.
+	sub add_path {
+		my ($paths_table, $path) = @_;
+		my $node_ref;
+
+		foreach my $x (split('/', $path)) {
+			if (!exists($paths_table->{$x})) {
+				$paths_table->{$x} = { children => {} };
+			}
+
+			$node_ref = $paths_table->{$x};
+			$paths_table = $paths_table->{$x}->{children};
+		}
+
+		$node_ref->{path} = $path;
+	}
+
+	sub remove_path {
+		my ($paths_table, $path) = @_;
+		my $nodes_ref;
+		my $node_name;
+
+		foreach my $x (split('/', $path)) {
+			if (!exists($paths_table->{$x})) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			$nodes_ref = $paths_table;
+			$node_name = $x;
+
+			$paths_table = $paths_table->{$x}->{children};
+		}
+
+		delete($nodes_ref->{$node_name});
+	}
+
+	sub collect_paths {
+		my ($paths_table, $paths_ref) = @_;
+
+		foreach my $v (values %$paths_table) {
+			my $p = $v->{path};
+			my $c = $v->{children};
+
+			collect_paths($c, $paths_ref);
+
+			if (defined($p)) {
+				push(@$paths_ref, $p);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sub scan {
+		my ($r, $paths_table, $line) = @_;
+		if (defined $r && $line =~ /^r(\d+)$/) {
+			return 0 if $1 > $r;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \+empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
+			add_path($paths_table, $1);
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \-empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
+			remove_path($paths_table, $1);
+		}
+		1; # continue
+	};
+
+	my @empty_dirs;
+	my %paths_table;
+
+	my $gz_file = "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log.gz";
+	if (-f $gz_file) {
+		if (!can_compress()) {
+			warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; ",
+			     "empty directories in $gz_file will not be read\n";
+		} else {
+			my $gz = Compress::Zlib::gzopen($gz_file, "rb") or
+				die "Unable to open $gz_file: $!\n";
+			my $line;
+			while ($gz->gzreadline($line) > 0) {
+				scan($r, \%paths_table, $line) or last;
+			}
+			$gz->gzclose;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (open my $fh, '<', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log") {
+		binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+		while (<$fh>) {
+			scan($r, \%paths_table, $_) or last;
+		}
+		close $fh;
+	}
+
+	collect_paths(\%paths_table, \@empty_dirs);
+	my $strip = qr/\A\Q@{[$self->path]}\E(?:\/|$)/;
+	foreach my $d (sort @empty_dirs) {
+		$d = uri_decode($d);
+		$d =~ s/$strip//;
+		next unless length($d);
+		next if -d $d;
+		if (-e $d) {
+			warn "$d exists but is not a directory\n";
+		} else {
+			print "creating empty directory: $d\n";
+			mkpath([$d]);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_untracked {
+	my ($self, $ed) = @_;
+	my @out;
+	my $h = $ed->{empty};
+	foreach (sort keys %$h) {
+		my $act = $h->{$_} ? '+empty_dir' : '-empty_dir';
+		push @out, "  $act: " . uri_encode($_);
+		warn "W: $act: $_\n";
+	}
+	foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
+		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
+		foreach my $path (sort keys %$h) {
+			my $ppath = $path eq '' ? '.' : $path;
+			foreach my $prop (sort keys %{$h->{$path}}) {
+				next if $SKIP_PROP{$prop};
+				my $v = $h->{$path}->{$prop};
+				my $t_ppath_prop = "$t: " .
+				                    uri_encode($ppath) . ' ' .
+				                    uri_encode($prop);
+				if (defined $v) {
+					push @out, "  +$t_ppath_prop " .
+					           uri_encode($v);
+				} else {
+					push @out, "  -$t_ppath_prop";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	foreach my $t (qw/absent_file absent_directory/) {
+		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
+		foreach my $parent (sort keys %$h) {
+			foreach my $path (sort @{$h->{$parent}}) {
+				push @out, "  $t: " .
+				           uri_encode("$parent/$path");
+				warn "W: $t: $parent/$path ",
+				     "Insufficient permissions?\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	\@out;
+}
+
+# parse_svn_date(DATE)
+# --------------------
+# Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
+# "<TZ Offset> <local date/time>" that Git will use.
+#
+# By default the parsed date will be in UTC; if $Git::SVN::_localtime
+# is true we'll convert it to the local timezone instead.
+sub parse_svn_date {
+	my $date = shift || return '+0000 1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+	my ($Y,$m,$d,$H,$M,$S) = ($date =~ /^(\d{4})\-(\d\d)\-(\d\d)T
+	                                    (\d\d?)\:(\d\d)\:(\d\d)\.\d*Z$/x) or
+	                                 croak "Unable to parse date: $date\n";
+	my $parsed_date;    # Set next.
+
+	if ($Git::SVN::_localtime) {
+		# Translate the Subversion datetime to an epoch time.
+		# Begin by switching ourselves to $date's timezone, UTC.
+		my $old_env_TZ = $ENV{TZ};
+		$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
+
+		my $epoch_in_UTC =
+		    Time::Local::timelocal($S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
+
+		# Determine our local timezone (including DST) at the
+		# time of $epoch_in_UTC.  $Git::SVN::Log::TZ stored the
+		# value of TZ, if any, at the time we were run.
+		if (defined $Git::SVN::Log::TZ) {
+			$ENV{TZ} = $Git::SVN::Log::TZ;
+		} else {
+			delete $ENV{TZ};
+		}
+
+		my $our_TZ = get_tz_offset();
+
+		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
+		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
+		    $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime($epoch_in_UTC);
+
+		$parsed_date = sprintf('%s %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d',
+				       $our_TZ, $year + 1900, $mon + 1,
+				       $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
+
+		# Reset us to the timezone in effect when we entered
+		# this routine.
+		if (defined $old_env_TZ) {
+			$ENV{TZ} = $old_env_TZ;
+		} else {
+			delete $ENV{TZ};
+		}
+	} else {
+		$parsed_date = "+0000 $Y-$m-$d $H:$M:$S";
+	}
+
+	return $parsed_date;
+}
+
+sub other_gs {
+	my ($self, $new_url, $url,
+	    $branch_from, $r, $old_ref_id) = @_;
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($new_url, $url, $branch_from);
+	unless ($gs) {
+		my $ref_id = $old_ref_id;
+		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+-*$//;
+		$ref_id .= "\@$r";
+		# just grow a tail if we're not unique enough :x
+		$ref_id .= '-' while find_ref($ref_id);
+		my ($u, $p, $repo_id) = ($new_url, '', $ref_id);
+		if ($u =~ s#^\Q$url\E(/|$)##) {
+			$p = $u;
+			$u = $url;
+			$repo_id = $self->{repo_id};
+		}
+		while (1) {
+			# It is possible to tag two different subdirectories at
+			# the same revision.  If the url for an existing ref
+			# does not match, we must either find a ref with a
+			# matching url or create a new ref by growing a tail.
+			$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
+			my (undef, $max_commit) = $gs->rev_map_max(1);
+			last if (!$max_commit);
+			my ($url) = ::cmt_metadata($max_commit);
+			last if ($url eq $gs->metadata_url);
+			$ref_id .= '-';
+		}
+		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+	}
+	$gs
+}
+
+sub call_authors_prog {
+	my ($orig_author) = @_;
+	$orig_author = command_oneline('rev-parse', '--sq-quote', $orig_author);
+	my $author = `$::_authors_prog $orig_author`;
+	if ($? != 0) {
+		die "$::_authors_prog failed with exit code $?\n"
+	}
+	if ($author =~ /^\s*(.+?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/) {
+		my ($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
+		$email = undef if length $2 == 0;
+		return [$name, $email];
+	} else {
+		die "Author: $orig_author: $::_authors_prog returned "
+			. "invalid author format: $author\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub check_author {
+	my ($author) = @_;
+	if (!defined $author || length $author == 0) {
+		$author = '(no author)';
+	}
+	if (!defined $::users{$author}) {
+		if (defined $::_authors_prog) {
+			$::users{$author} = call_authors_prog($author);
+		} elsif (defined $::_authors) {
+			die "Author: $author not defined in $::_authors file\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$author;
+}
+
+sub find_extra_svk_parents {
+	my ($self, $tickets, $parents) = @_;
+	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
+	my @tickets = split "\n", $tickets;
+	my @known_parents;
+	for my $ticket ( @tickets ) {
+		my ($uuid, $path, $rev) = split /:/, $ticket;
+		if ( $uuid eq $self->ra_uuid ) {
+			my $repos_root = $self->url;
+			my $branch_from = $path;
+			$branch_from =~ s{^/}{};
+			my $gs = $self->other_gs(add_path_to_url( $repos_root, $branch_from ),
+			                         $repos_root,
+			                         $branch_from,
+			                         $rev,
+			                         $self->{ref_id});
+			if ( my $commit = $gs->rev_map_get($rev, $uuid) ) {
+				# wahey!  we found it, but it might be
+				# an old one (!)
+				push @known_parents, [ $rev, $commit ];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	# Ordering matters; highest-numbered commit merge tickets
+	# first, as they may account for later merge ticket additions
+	# or changes.
+	@known_parents = map {$_->[1]} sort {$b->[0] <=> $a->[0]} @known_parents;
+	for my $parent ( @known_parents ) {
+		my @cmd = ('rev-list', $parent, map { "^$_" } @$parents );
+		my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@cmd);
+		my $new;
+		while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
+			$new=1;last;
+		}
+		command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+		if ( $new ) {
+			print STDERR
+			    "Found merge parent (svk:merge ticket): $parent\n";
+			push @$parents, $parent;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub lookup_svn_merge {
+	my $uuid = shift;
+	my $url = shift;
+	my $source = shift;
+	my $revs = shift;
+
+	my $path = $source;
+	$path =~ s{^/}{};
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url.$source, $url, $path);
+	if ( !$gs ) {
+		warn "Couldn't find revmap for $url$source\n";
+		return;
+	}
+	my @ranges = split ",", $revs;
+	my ($tip, $tip_commit);
+	my @merged_commit_ranges;
+	# find the tip
+	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		if ($range =~ /[*]$/) {
+			warn "W: Ignoring partial merge in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
+		$top ||= $bottom;
+		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
+		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
+
+		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
+			warn "W: unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if (scalar(command('rev-parse', "$bottom_commit^@"))) {
+			push @merged_commit_ranges,
+			     "$bottom_commit^..$top_commit";
+		} else {
+			push @merged_commit_ranges, "$top_commit";
+		}
+
+		if ( !defined $tip or $top > $tip ) {
+			$tip = $top;
+			$tip_commit = $top_commit;
+		}
+	}
+	return ($tip_commit, @merged_commit_ranges);
+}
+
+sub _rev_list {
+	my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(
+		"rev-list", @_,
+	       );
+	my @rv;
+	while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
+		chomp;
+		push @rv, $_;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+	@rv;
+}
+
+sub check_cherry_pick2 {
+	my $base = shift;
+	my $tip = shift;
+	my $parents = shift;
+	my @ranges = @_;
+	my %commits = map { $_ => 1 }
+		_rev_list("--no-merges", $tip, "--not", $base, @$parents, "--");
+	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		delete @commits{_rev_list($range, "--")};
+	}
+	for my $commit (keys %commits) {
+		if (has_no_changes($commit)) {
+			delete $commits{$commit};
+		}
+	}
+	my @k = (keys %commits);
+	return (scalar @k, $k[0]);
+}
+
+sub has_no_changes {
+	my $commit = shift;
+
+	my @revs = split / /, command_oneline(
+		qw(rev-list --parents -1 -m), $commit);
+
+	# Commits with no parents, e.g. the start of a partial branch,
+	# have changes by definition.
+	return 1 if (@revs < 2);
+
+	# Commits with multiple parents, e.g a merge, have no changes
+	# by definition.
+	return 0 if (@revs > 2);
+
+	return (command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit^{tree}") eq
+		command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit~1^{tree}"));
+}
+
+sub tie_for_persistent_memoization {
+	my $hash = shift;
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	unless ($memo_backend) {
+		if (eval { require Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML; 1}) {
+			$memo_backend = 1;
+		} else {
+			require Memoize::Storable;
+			$memo_backend = -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($memo_backend > 0) {
+		tie %$hash => 'Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML', "$path.yaml";
+	} else {
+		tie %$hash => 'Memoize::Storable', "$path.db", 'nstore';
+	}
+}
+
+# The GIT_DIR environment variable is not always set until after the command
+# line arguments are processed, so we can't memoize in a BEGIN block.
+{
+	my $memoized = 0;
+
+	sub memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
+		return if $memoized;
+		$memoized = 1;
+
+		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
+		mkpath([$cache_path]) unless -d $cache_path;
+
+		my %lookup_svn_merge_cache;
+		my %check_cherry_pick2_cache;
+		my %has_no_changes_cache;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%lookup_svn_merge_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge");
+		memoize 'lookup_svn_merge',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%lookup_svn_merge_cache],
+		;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%check_cherry_pick2_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick2");
+		memoize 'check_cherry_pick2',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%check_cherry_pick2_cache],
+		;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%has_no_changes_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/has_no_changes");
+		memoize 'has_no_changes',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%has_no_changes_cache],
+			LIST_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+		;
+	}
+
+	sub unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
+		return if not $memoized;
+		$memoized = 0;
+
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'lookup_svn_merge';
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'check_cherry_pick2';
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'has_no_changes';
+	}
+
+	sub clear_memoized_mergeinfo_caches {
+		die "Only call this method in non-memoized context" if ($memoized);
+
+		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
+		return unless -d $cache_path;
+
+		for my $cache_file (("$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge",
+				     "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick", # old
+				     "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick2",
+				     "$cache_path/has_no_changes")) {
+			for my $suffix (qw(yaml db)) {
+				my $file = "$cache_file.$suffix";
+				next unless -e $file;
+				unlink($file) or die "unlink($file) failed: $!\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::SVN::repos_root';
+}
+
+END {
+	# Force cache writeout explicitly instead of waiting for
+	# global destruction to avoid segfault in Storable:
+	# http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=36087
+	unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
+}
+
+sub parents_exclude {
+	my $parents = shift;
+	my @commits = @_;
+	return unless @commits;
+
+	my @excluded;
+	my $excluded;
+	do {
+		my @cmd = ('rev-list', "-1", @commits, "--not", @$parents );
+		$excluded = command_oneline(@cmd);
+		if ( $excluded ) {
+			my @new;
+			my $found;
+			for my $commit ( @commits ) {
+				if ( $commit eq $excluded ) {
+					push @excluded, $commit;
+					$found++;
+				}
+				else {
+					push @new, $commit;
+				}
+			}
+			die "saw commit '$excluded' in rev-list output, "
+				."but we didn't ask for that commit (wanted: @commits --not @$parents)"
+					unless $found;
+			@commits = @new;
+		}
+	}
+		while ($excluded and @commits);
+
+	return @excluded;
+}
+
+# Compute what's new in svn:mergeinfo.
+sub mergeinfo_changes {
+	my ($self, $old_path, $old_rev, $path, $rev, $mergeinfo_prop) = @_;
+	my %minfo = map {split ":", $_ } split "\n", $mergeinfo_prop;
+	my $old_minfo = {};
+
+	my $ra = $self->ra;
+	# Give up if $old_path isn't in the repo.
+	# This is probably a merge on a subtree.
+	if ($ra->check_path($old_path, $old_rev) != $SVN::Node::dir) {
+		warn "W: ignoring svn:mergeinfo on $old_path, ",
+			"directory didn't exist in r$old_rev\n";
+		return {};
+	}
+	my (undef, undef, $props) = $ra->get_dir($old_path, $old_rev);
+	if (defined $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"}) {
+		my %omi = map {split ":", $_ } split "\n",
+			$props->{"svn:mergeinfo"};
+		$old_minfo = \%omi;
+	}
+
+	my %changes = ();
+	foreach my $p (keys %minfo) {
+		my $a = $old_minfo->{$p} || "";
+		my $b = $minfo{$p};
+		# Omit merged branches whose ranges lists are unchanged.
+		next if $a eq $b;
+		# Remove any common range list prefix.
+		($a ^ $b) =~ /^[\0]*/;
+		my $common_prefix = rindex $b, ",", $+[0] - 1;
+		$changes{$p} = substr $b, $common_prefix + 1;
+	}
+	print STDERR "Checking svn:mergeinfo changes since r$old_rev: ",
+		scalar(keys %minfo), " sources, ",
+		scalar(keys %changes), " changed\n";
+
+	return \%changes;
+}
+
+# note: this function should only be called if the various dirprops
+# have actually changed
+sub find_extra_svn_parents {
+	my ($self, $mergeinfo, $parents) = @_;
+	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
+
+	memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
+
+	# We first search for merged tips which are not in our
+	# history.  Then, we figure out which git revisions are in
+	# that tip, but not this revision.  If all of those revisions
+	# are now marked as merge, we can add the tip as a parent.
+	my @merges = sort keys %$mergeinfo;
+	my @merge_tips;
+	my $url = $self->url;
+	my $uuid = $self->ra_uuid;
+	my @all_ranges;
+	for my $merge ( @merges ) {
+		my ($tip_commit, @ranges) =
+			lookup_svn_merge( $uuid, $url,
+					  $merge, $mergeinfo->{$merge} );
+		unless (!$tip_commit or
+				grep { $_ eq $tip_commit } @$parents ) {
+			push @merge_tips, $tip_commit;
+			push @all_ranges, @ranges;
+		} else {
+			push @merge_tips, undef;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my %excluded = map { $_ => 1 }
+		parents_exclude($parents, grep { defined } @merge_tips);
+
+	# check merge tips for new parents
+	my @new_parents;
+	for my $merge_tip ( @merge_tips ) {
+		my $merge = shift @merges;
+		next unless $merge_tip and $excluded{$merge_tip};
+		my $spec = "$merge:$mergeinfo->{$merge}";
+
+		# check out 'new' tips
+		my $merge_base;
+		eval {
+			$merge_base = command_oneline(
+				"merge-base",
+				@$parents, $merge_tip,
+			);
+		};
+		if ($@) {
+			die "An error occurred during merge-base"
+				unless $@->isa("Git::Error::Command");
+
+			warn "W: Cannot find common ancestor between ".
+			     "@$parents and $merge_tip. Ignoring merge info.\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		# double check that there are no missing non-merge commits
+		my ($ninc, $ifirst) = check_cherry_pick2(
+			$merge_base, $merge_tip,
+			$parents,
+			@all_ranges,
+		       );
+
+		if ($ninc) {
+			warn "W: svn cherry-pick ignored ($spec) - missing " .
+				"$ninc commit(s) (eg $ifirst)\n";
+		} else {
+			warn "Found merge parent ($spec): ", $merge_tip, "\n";
+			push @new_parents, $merge_tip;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# cater for merges which merge commits from multiple branches
+	if ( @new_parents > 1 ) {
+		for ( my $i = 0; $i <= $#new_parents; $i++ ) {
+			for ( my $j = 0; $j <= $#new_parents; $j++ ) {
+				next if $i == $j;
+				next unless $new_parents[$i];
+				next unless $new_parents[$j];
+				my $revs = command_oneline(
+					"rev-list", "-1",
+					"$new_parents[$i]..$new_parents[$j]",
+				       );
+				if ( !$revs ) {
+					undef($new_parents[$j]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	push @$parents, grep { defined } @new_parents;
+}
+
+sub make_log_entry {
+	my ($self, $rev, $parents, $ed, $parent_rev, $parent_path) = @_;
+	my $untracked = $self->get_untracked($ed);
+
+	my @parents = @$parents;
+	my $props = $ed->{dir_prop}{$self->path};
+	if ($self->follow_parent) {
+		my $tickets = $props->{"svk:merge"};
+		if ($tickets) {
+			$self->find_extra_svk_parents($tickets, \@parents);
+		}
+
+		my $mergeinfo_prop = $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"};
+		if ($mergeinfo_prop) {
+			my $mi_changes = $self->mergeinfo_changes(
+						$parent_path,
+						$parent_rev,
+						$self->path,
+						$rev,
+						$mergeinfo_prop);
+			$self->find_extra_svn_parents($mi_changes, \@parents);
+		}
+	}
+
+	open my $un, '>>', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log" or croak $!;
+	print $un "r$rev\n" or croak $!;
+	print $un $_, "\n" foreach @$untracked;
+	my %log_entry = ( parents => \@parents, revision => $rev,
+	                  log => '');
+
+	my $headrev;
+	my $logged = delete $self->{logged_rev_props};
+	if (!$logged || $self->{-want_revprops}) {
+		my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist($rev);
+		foreach (sort keys %$rp) {
+			my $v = $rp->{$_};
+			if (/^svn:(author|date|log)$/) {
+				$log_entry{$1} = $v;
+			} elsif ($_ eq 'svm:headrev') {
+				$headrev = $v;
+			} else {
+				print $un "  rev_prop: ", uri_encode($_), ' ',
+					  uri_encode($v), "\n";
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		map { $log_entry{$_} = $logged->{$_} } keys %$logged;
+	}
+	close $un or croak $!;
+
+	$log_entry{date} = parse_svn_date($log_entry{date});
+	$log_entry{log} .= "\n";
+	my $author = $log_entry{author} = check_author($log_entry{author});
+	my ($name, $email) = defined $::users{$author} ? @{$::users{$author}}
+						       : ($author, undef);
+
+	my ($commit_name, $commit_email) = ($name, $email);
+	if ($_use_log_author) {
+		my $name_field;
+		if ($log_entry{log} =~ /From:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
+			$name_field = $1;
+		} elsif ($log_entry{log} =~ /Signed-off-by:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
+			$name_field = $1;
+		}
+		if (!defined $name_field) {
+			if (!defined $email) {
+				$email = $name;
+			}
+		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
+			($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*)@/) {
+			($name, $email) = ($1, $name_field);
+		} else {
+			($name, $email) = ($name_field, $name_field);
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined $headrev && $self->use_svm_props) {
+		if ($self->rewrite_root) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
+			    "options set!\n";
+		}
+		if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
+			    "options set!\n";
+		}
+		my ($uuid, $r) = $headrev =~ m{^([a-f\d\-]{30,}):(\d+)$}i;
+		# we don't want "SVM: initializing mirror for junk" ...
+		return undef if $r == 0;
+		my $svm = $self->svm;
+		if ($uuid ne $svm->{uuid}) {
+			die "UUID mismatch on SVM path:\n",
+			    "expected: $svm->{uuid}\n",
+			    "     got: $uuid\n";
+		}
+		my $full_url = $self->full_url;
+		$full_url =~ s#^\Q$svm->{replace}\E(/|$)#$svm->{source}$1# or
+		             die "Failed to replace '$svm->{replace}' with ",
+		                 "'$svm->{source}' in $full_url\n";
+		# throw away username for storing in records
+		remove_username($full_url);
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$r $uuid";
+		$log_entry{svm_revision} = $r;
+		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+	} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
+		my $full_url = canonicalize_url(
+			add_path_to_url( $self->svnsync->{url}, $self->path )
+		);
+		remove_username($full_url);
+		my $uuid = $self->svnsync->{uuid};
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$rev $uuid";
+		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+	} else {
+		my $url = $self->metadata_url;
+		remove_username($url);
+		my $uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra->get_uuid;
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$url\@$rev " . $uuid;
+		$email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
+	}
+	$log_entry{name} = $name;
+	$log_entry{email} = $email;
+	$log_entry{commit_name} = $commit_name;
+	$log_entry{commit_email} = $commit_email;
+	\%log_entry;
+}
+
+sub fetch {
+	my ($self, $min_rev, $max_rev, @parents) = @_;
+	my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = $self->last_rev_commit;
+	my ($base, $head) = $self->get_fetch_range($min_rev, $max_rev);
+	$self->ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, [$self]);
+}
+
+sub set_tree_cb {
+	my ($self, $log_entry, $tree, $rev, $date, $author) = @_;
+	$self->{inject_parents} = { $rev => $tree };
+	$self->fetch(undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub set_tree {
+	my ($self, $tree) = (shift, shift);
+	my $log_entry = ::get_commit_entry($tree);
+	unless ($self->{last_rev}) {
+		fatal("Must have an existing revision to commit");
+	}
+	my %ed_opts = ( r => $self->{last_rev},
+	                log => $log_entry->{log},
+	                ra => $self->ra,
+	                tree_a => $self->{last_commit},
+	                tree_b => $tree,
+	                editor_cb => sub {
+			       $self->set_tree_cb($log_entry, $tree, @_) },
+	                svn_path => $self->path );
+	if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+		print "No changes\nr$self->{last_rev} = $tree\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rebuild_from_rev_db {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	my $r = -1;
+	open my $fh, '<', $path or croak "open: $!";
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		length($_) == 41 or croak "inconsistent size in ($_) != 41";
+		chomp($_);
+		++$r;
+		next if $_ eq ('0' x 40);
+		$self->rev_map_set($r, $_);
+		print "r$r = $_\n";
+	}
+	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+	unlink $path or croak "unlink: $!";
+}
+
+#define a global associate map to record rebuild status
+my %rebuild_status;
+#define a global associate map to record rebuild verify status
+my %rebuild_verify_status;
+
+sub rebuild {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	my $partial = (-e $map_path && ! -z $map_path);
+	my $verify_key = $self->refname.'^0';
+	if (!$rebuild_verify_status{$verify_key}) {
+		my $verify_result = ::verify_ref($verify_key);
+		if ($verify_result) {
+			$rebuild_verify_status{$verify_key} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!$rebuild_verify_status{$verify_key}) {
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!$partial && ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata)) {
+		my $rev_db = $self->rev_db_path;
+		$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($rev_db);
+		if ($self->use_svm_props) {
+			my $svm_rev_db = $self->rev_db_path($self->svm_uuid);
+			$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($svm_rev_db);
+		}
+		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+		return;
+	}
+	print "Rebuilding $map_path ...\n" if (!$partial);
+	my ($base_rev, $head) = ($partial ? $self->rev_map_max_norebuild(1) :
+		(undef, undef));
+	my $key_value = ($head ? "$head.." : "") . $self->refname;
+	if (exists $rebuild_status{$key_value}) {
+		print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
+		my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
+		if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
+			unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
+		}
+		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+		return;
+	}
+	my ($log, $ctx) =
+		command_output_pipe(qw/rev-list --pretty=raw --reverse/,
+				$key_value,
+				'--');
+	$rebuild_status{$key_value} = 1;
+	my $metadata_url = $self->metadata_url;
+	remove_username($metadata_url);
+	my $svn_uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra_uuid;
+	my $c;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if ( m{^commit ($::sha1)$} ) {
+			$c = $1;
+			next;
+		}
+		next unless s{^\s*(git-svn-id:)}{$1};
+		my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = ::extract_metadata($_);
+		remove_username($url);
+
+		# ignore merges (from set-tree)
+		next if (!defined $rev || !$uuid);
+
+		# if we merged or otherwise started elsewhere, this is
+		# how we break out of it
+		if (($uuid ne $svn_uuid) ||
+		    ($metadata_url && $url && ($url ne $metadata_url))) {
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($partial && $head) {
+			print "Partial-rebuilding $map_path ...\n";
+			print "Currently at $base_rev = $head\n";
+			$head = undef;
+		}
+
+		$self->rev_map_set($rev, $c);
+		print "r$rev = $c\n";
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($log, $ctx);
+	print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
+	my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
+	if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
+		unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
+	}
+	$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+}
+
+# rev_map:
+# Tie::File seems to be prone to offset errors if revisions get sparse,
+# it's not that fast, either.  Tie::File is also not in Perl 5.6.  So
+# one of my favorite modules is out :<  Next up would be one of the DBM
+# modules, but I'm not sure which is most portable...
+#
+# This is the replacement for the rev_db format, which was too big
+# and inefficient for large repositories with a lot of sparse history
+# (mainly tags)
+#
+# The format is this:
+#   - 24 bytes for every record,
+#     * 4 bytes for the integer representing an SVN revision number
+#     * 20 bytes representing the sha1 of a git commit
+#   - No empty padding records like the old format
+#     (except the last record, which can be overwritten)
+#   - new records are written append-only since SVN revision numbers
+#     increase monotonically
+#   - lookups on SVN revision number are done via a binary search
+#   - Piping the file to xxd -c24 is a good way of dumping it for
+#     viewing or editing (piped back through xxd -r), should the need
+#     ever arise.
+#   - The last record can be padding revision with an all-zero sha1
+#     This is used to optimize fetch performance when using multiple
+#     "fetch" directives in .git/config
+#
+# These files are disposable unless noMetadata or useSvmProps is set
+
+sub _rev_map_set {
+	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
+
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	my $wr_offset = 0;
+	if ($size > 0) {
+		sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+		my $read = sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) or croak "read: $!";
+		$read == 24 or croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
+		my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+		if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
+			if ($size >= 48) {
+				sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+				$read = sysread($fh, $buf, 24) or
+				    croak "read: $!";
+				$read == 24 or
+				    croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
+				($last_rev, $last_commit) =
+				    unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+				if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
+					croak "inconsistent .rev_map\n";
+				}
+			}
+			if ($last_rev >= $rev) {
+				croak "last_rev is higher!: $last_rev >= $rev";
+			}
+			$wr_offset = -24;
+		}
+	}
+	sysseek($fh, $wr_offset, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+	syswrite($fh, pack(rev_map_fmt, $rev, $commit), 24) == 24 or
+	  croak "write: $!";
+}
+
+sub _rev_map_reset {
+	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
+	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
+	$c eq $commit or die "_rev_map_reset(@_) commit $c does not match!\n";
+	my $offset = sysseek($fh, 0, SEEK_CUR) or croak "seek: $!";
+	truncate $fh, $offset or croak "truncate: $!";
+}
+
+sub mkfile {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	unless (-e $path) {
+		my ($dir, $base) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
+		open my $fh, '>>', $path or die "Couldn't create $path: $!\n";
+		close $fh or die "Couldn't close (create) $path: $!\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rev_map_set {
+	my ($self, $rev, $commit, $update_ref, $uuid) = @_;
+	defined $commit or die "missing arg3\n";
+	length $commit == 40 or die "arg3 must be a full SHA1 hexsum\n";
+	my $db = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	my $db_lock = "$db.lock";
+	my $sigmask;
+	$update_ref ||= 0;
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$sigmask = POSIX::SigSet->new();
+		my $signew = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGTERM,
+			SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2);
+		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, $signew, $sigmask) or
+			croak "Can't block signals: $!";
+	}
+	mkfile($db);
+
+	$LOCKFILES{$db_lock} = 1;
+	my $sync;
+	# both of these options make our .rev_db file very, very important
+	# and we can't afford to lose it because rebuild() won't work
+	if ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata) {
+		require File::Copy;
+		$sync = 1;
+		File::Copy::copy($db, $db_lock) or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
+					   "Failed to copy: ",
+					   "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
+	} else {
+		rename $db, $db_lock or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
+					    "Failed to rename: ",
+					    "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
+	}
+
+	sysopen(my $fh, $db_lock, O_RDWR | O_CREAT)
+	     or croak "Couldn't open $db_lock: $!\n";
+	if ($update_ref eq 'reset') {
+		clear_memoized_mergeinfo_caches();
+		_rev_map_reset($fh, $rev, $commit);
+	} else {
+		_rev_map_set($fh, $rev, $commit);
+	}
+
+	if ($sync) {
+		$fh->flush or die "Couldn't flush $db_lock: $!\n";
+		$fh->sync or die "Couldn't sync $db_lock: $!\n";
+	}
+	close $fh or croak $!;
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$_head = $self;
+		my $note = "";
+		$note = " ($update_ref)" if ($update_ref !~ /^\d*$/);
+		command_noisy('update-ref', '-m', "r$rev$note",
+		              $self->refname, $commit);
+	}
+	rename $db_lock, $db or die "rev_map_set(@_): ", "Failed to rename: ",
+	                            "$db_lock => $db ($!)\n";
+	delete $LOCKFILES{$db_lock};
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, $sigmask) or
+			croak "Can't restore signal mask: $!";
+	}
+}
+
+# If want_commit, this will return an array of (rev, commit) where
+# commit _must_ be a valid commit in the archive.
+# Otherwise, it'll return the max revision (whether or not the
+# commit is valid or just a 0x40 placeholder).
+sub rev_map_max {
+	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
+	$self->rebuild;
+	my ($r, $c) = $self->rev_map_max_norebuild($want_commit);
+	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
+}
+
+sub rev_map_max_norebuild {
+	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	stat $map_path or return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	if ($size == 0) {
+		close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+		return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+	}
+
+	sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+	sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+	my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+	if ($want_commit && $c eq ('0' x40)) {
+		if ($size < 48) {
+			return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+		}
+		sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+		sysread($fh, $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+		($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+		if ($c eq ('0'x40)) {
+			croak "Penultimate record is all-zeroes in $map_path";
+		}
+	}
+	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
+}
+
+sub rev_map_get {
+	my ($self, $rev, $uuid) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	return undef unless -e $map_path;
+
+	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
+	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
+	close($fh) or croak "close: $!";
+	$c
+}
+
+sub _rev_map_get {
+	my ($fh, $rev) = @_;
+
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	if ($size == 0) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	my ($l, $u) = (0, $size - 24);
+	my ($r, $c, $buf);
+
+	while ($l <= $u) {
+		my $i = int(($l/24 + $u/24) / 2) * 24;
+		sysseek($fh, $i, SEEK_SET) or croak "seek: $!";
+		sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+		my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+
+		if ($r < $rev) {
+			$l = $i + 24;
+		} elsif ($r > $rev) {
+			$u = $i - 24;
+		} else { # $r == $rev
+			return $c eq ('0' x 40) ? undef : $c;
+		}
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
+# before $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any lower
+# than $min_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
+# if found, else (undef, undef).
+sub find_rev_before {
+	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $min_rev) = @_;
+	--$rev unless $eq_ok;
+	$min_rev ||= 1;
+	my $max_rev = $self->rev_map_max;
+	$rev = $max_rev if ($rev > $max_rev);
+	while ($rev >= $min_rev) {
+		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+		--$rev;
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
+# after $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any higher
+# than $max_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
+# if found, else (undef, undef).
+sub find_rev_after {
+	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $max_rev) = @_;
+	++$rev unless $eq_ok;
+	$max_rev ||= $self->rev_map_max;
+	while ($rev <= $max_rev) {
+		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+		++$rev;
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub _new {
+	my ($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path) = @_;
+	unless (defined $repo_id && length $repo_id) {
+		$repo_id = $default_repo_id;
+	}
+	unless (defined $ref_id && length $ref_id) {
+		# Access the prefix option from the git-svn main program if it's loaded.
+		my $prefix = defined &::opt_prefix ? ::opt_prefix() : "";
+		$_[2] = $ref_id =
+		             "refs/remotes/$prefix$default_ref_id";
+	}
+	$_[1] = $repo_id;
+	my $dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$ref_id";
+
+	# Older repos imported by us used $GIT_DIR/svn/foo instead of
+	# $GIT_DIR/svn/refs/remotes/foo when tracking refs/remotes/foo
+	if ($ref_id =~ m{^refs/remotes/(.+)}) {
+		my $old_dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$1";
+		if (-d $old_dir && ! -d $dir) {
+			$dir = $old_dir;
+		}
+	}
+
+	$_[3] = $path = '' unless (defined $path);
+	mkpath([$dir]);
+	my $obj = bless {
+		ref_id => $ref_id, dir => $dir, index => "$dir/index",
+	        config => "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config",
+	        map_root => "$dir/.rev_map", repo_id => $repo_id }, $class;
+
+	# Ensure it gets canonicalized
+	$obj->path($path);
+
+	return $obj;
+}
+
+sub path {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $path = shift;
+		$self->{_path} = canonicalize_path($path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{_path};
+}
+
+sub url {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $url = shift;
+		$self->{url} = canonicalize_url($url);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{url};
+}
+
+# for read-only access of old .rev_db formats
+sub unlink_rev_db_symlink {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $link = $self->rev_db_path;
+	$link =~ s/\.[\w-]+$// or croak "missing UUID at the end of $link";
+	if (-l $link) {
+		unlink $link or croak "unlink: $link failed!";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rev_db_path {
+	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
+	my $db_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	$db_path =~ s{/\.rev_map\.}{/\.rev_db\.}
+	    or croak "map_path: $db_path does not contain '/.rev_map.' !";
+	$db_path;
+}
+
+# the new replacement for .rev_db
+sub map_path {
+	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
+	$uuid ||= $self->ra_uuid;
+	"$self->{map_root}.$uuid";
+}
+
+sub uri_encode {
+	my ($f) = @_;
+	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
+	$f
+}
+
+sub uri_decode {
+	my ($f) = @_;
+	$f =~ s#%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})#chr(hex($1))#eg;
+	$f
+}
+
+sub remove_username {
+	$_[0] =~ s{^([^:]*://)[^@]+@}{$1};
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c4199afec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+package Git::SVN::Editor;
+use vars qw/@ISA $_rmdir $_cp_similarity $_find_copies_harder $_rename_limit/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use SVN::Core;
+use SVN::Delta;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use Git qw/command command_oneline command_noisy command_output_pipe
+           command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
+           command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe/;
+BEGIN {
+	@ISA = qw(SVN::Delta::Editor);
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $opts) = @_;
+	foreach (qw/svn_path r ra tree_a tree_b log editor_cb/) {
+		die "$_ required!\n" unless (defined $opts->{$_});
+	}
+
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $mods = generate_diff($opts->{tree_a}, $opts->{tree_b});
+	my $types = check_diff_paths($opts->{ra}, $opts->{svn_path},
+	                             $opts->{r}, $mods);
+
+	# $opts->{ra} functions should not be used after this:
+	my @ce  = $opts->{ra}->get_commit_editor($opts->{log},
+	                                        $opts->{editor_cb}, $pool);
+	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new(@ce, $pool);
+	bless $self, $class;
+	foreach (qw/svn_path r tree_a tree_b/) {
+		$self->{$_} = $opts->{$_};
+	}
+	$self->{url} = $opts->{ra}->{url};
+	$self->{mods} = $mods;
+	$self->{types} = $types;
+	$self->{pool} = $pool;
+	$self->{bat} = { '' => $self->open_root($self->{r}, $self->{pool}) };
+	$self->{rm} = { };
+	$self->{path_prefix} = length $self->{svn_path} ?
+	                       "$self->{svn_path}/" : '';
+	$self->{config} = $opts->{config};
+	$self->{mergeinfo} = $opts->{mergeinfo};
+	$self->{pathnameencoding} = Git::config('svn.pathnameencoding');
+	return $self;
+}
+
+sub generate_diff {
+	my ($tree_a, $tree_b) = @_;
+	my @diff_tree = qw(diff-tree -z -r);
+	if ($_cp_similarity) {
+		push @diff_tree, "-C$_cp_similarity";
+	} else {
+		push @diff_tree, '-C';
+	}
+	push @diff_tree, '--find-copies-harder' if $_find_copies_harder;
+	push @diff_tree, "-l$_rename_limit" if defined $_rename_limit;
+	push @diff_tree, $tree_a, $tree_b;
+	my ($diff_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@diff_tree);
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	my $state = 'meta';
+	my @mods;
+	while (<$diff_fh>) {
+		chomp $_; # this gets rid of the trailing "\0"
+		if ($state eq 'meta' && /^:(\d{6})\s(\d{6})\s
+					($::sha1)\s($::sha1)\s
+					([MTCRAD])\d*$/xo) {
+			push @mods, {	mode_a => $1, mode_b => $2,
+					sha1_a => $3, sha1_b => $4,
+					chg => $5 };
+			if ($5 =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				$state = 'file_a';
+			} else {
+				$state = 'file_b';
+			}
+		} elsif ($state eq 'file_a') {
+			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
+			if ($x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			$x->{file_a} = $_;
+			$state = 'file_b';
+		} elsif ($state eq 'file_b') {
+			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
+			if (exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			if (!exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			$x->{file_b} = $_;
+			$state = 'meta';
+		} else {
+			croak "Error parsing $_\n";
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($diff_fh, $ctx);
+	\@mods;
+}
+
+sub check_diff_paths {
+	my ($ra, $pfx, $rev, $mods) = @_;
+	my %types;
+	$pfx .= '/' if length $pfx;
+
+	sub type_diff_paths {
+		my ($ra, $types, $path, $rev) = @_;
+		my @p = split m#/+#, $path;
+		my $c = shift @p;
+		unless (defined $types->{$c}) {
+			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
+		}
+		while (@p) {
+			$c .= '/' . shift @p;
+			next if defined $types->{$c};
+			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $m (@$mods) {
+		foreach my $f (qw/file_a file_b/) {
+			next unless defined $m->{$f};
+			my ($dir) = ($m->{$f} =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
+			if (length $pfx.$dir && ! defined $types{$dir}) {
+				type_diff_paths($ra, \%types, $pfx.$dir, $rev);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	\%types;
+}
+
+sub split_path {
+	return ($_[0] =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+}
+
+sub repo_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if (my $enc = $self->{pathnameencoding}) {
+		require Encode;
+		Encode::from_to($path, $enc, 'UTF-8');
+	}
+	$self->{path_prefix}.(defined $path ? $path : '');
+}
+
+sub url_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	$path = $self->repo_path($path);
+	if ($self->{url} =~ m#^https?://#) {
+		# characters are taken from subversion/libsvn_subr/path.c
+		$path =~ s#([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./!$&'()*+,-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
+	}
+	$self->{url} . '/' . $path;
+}
+
+sub rmdirs {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $rm = $self->{rm};
+	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
+	return unless %$rm;
+
+	foreach (keys %$rm) {
+		my @d = split m#/#, $_;
+		my $c = shift @d;
+		$rm->{$c} = 1;
+		while (@d) {
+			$c .= '/' . shift @d;
+			$rm->{$c} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	delete $rm->{$self->{svn_path}};
+	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
+	return unless %$rm;
+
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree --name-only -r -z/,
+	                                     $self->{tree_b});
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		my @dn = split m#/#, $_;
+		while (pop @dn) {
+			delete $rm->{join '/', @dn};
+		}
+		unless (%$rm) {
+			close $fh;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+
+	my ($r, $p, $bat) = ($self->{r}, $self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
+	foreach my $d (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$rm) {
+		$self->close_directory($bat->{$d}, $p);
+		my ($dn) = ($d =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
+		print "\tD+\t$d/\n" unless $::_q;
+		$self->SUPER::delete_entry($d, $r, $bat->{$dn}, $p);
+		delete $bat->{$d};
+	}
+}
+
+sub open_or_add_dir {
+	my ($self, $full_path, $baton, $deletions) = @_;
+	my $t = $self->{types}->{$full_path};
+	if (!defined $t) {
+		die "$full_path not known in r$self->{r} or we have a bug!\n";
+	}
+	{
+		no warnings 'once';
+		# SVN::Node::none and SVN::Node::file are used only once,
+		# so we're shutting up Perl's warnings about them.
+		if ($t == $SVN::Node::none || defined($deletions->{$full_path})) {
+			return $self->add_directory($full_path, $baton,
+			    undef, -1, $self->{pool});
+		} elsif ($t == $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			return $self->open_directory($full_path, $baton,
+			    $self->{r}, $self->{pool});
+		} # no warnings 'once'
+		print STDERR "$full_path already exists in repository at ",
+		    "r$self->{r} and it is not a directory (",
+		    ($t == $SVN::Node::file ? 'file' : 'unknown'),"/$t)\n";
+	} # no warnings 'once'
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+sub ensure_path {
+	my ($self, $path, $deletions) = @_;
+	my $bat = $self->{bat};
+	my $repo_path = $self->repo_path($path);
+	return $bat->{''} unless (length $repo_path);
+
+	my @p = split m#/+#, $repo_path;
+	my $c = shift @p;
+	$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{''}, $deletions);
+	while (@p) {
+		my $c0 = $c;
+		$c .= '/' . shift @p;
+		$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{$c0}, $deletions);
+	}
+	return $bat->{$c};
+}
+
+# Subroutine to convert a globbing pattern to a regular expression.
+# From perl cookbook.
+sub glob2pat {
+	my $globstr = shift;
+	my %patmap = ('*' => '.*', '?' => '.', '[' => '[', ']' => ']');
+	$globstr =~ s{(.)} { $patmap{$1} || "\Q$1" }ge;
+	return '^' . $globstr . '$';
+}
+
+sub check_autoprop {
+	my ($self, $pattern, $properties, $file, $fbat) = @_;
+	# Convert the globbing pattern to a regular expression.
+	my $regex = glob2pat($pattern);
+	# Check if the pattern matches the file name.
+	if($file =~ m/($regex)/) {
+		# Parse the list of properties to set.
+		my @props = split(/;/, $properties);
+		foreach my $prop (@props) {
+			# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
+			if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
+				my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
+				for ($n, $v) {
+					s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//;
+				}
+				$self->change_file_prop($fbat, $n, $v);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub apply_autoprops {
+	my ($self, $file, $fbat) = @_;
+	my $conf_t = ${$self->{config}}{'config'};
+	no warnings 'once';
+	# Check [miscellany]/enable-auto-props in svn configuration.
+	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool(
+		$conf_t,
+		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_MISCELLANY,
+		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_ENABLE_AUTO_PROPS,
+		0)) {
+		# Auto-props are enabled.  Enumerate them to look for matches.
+		my $callback = sub {
+			$self->check_autoprop($_[0], $_[1], $file, $fbat);
+		};
+		SVN::_Core::svn_config_enumerate(
+			$conf_t,
+			$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTO_PROPS,
+			$callback);
+	}
+}
+
+sub check_attr {
+	my ($attr,$path) = @_;
+	my $val = command_oneline("check-attr", $attr, "--", $path);
+	if ($val) { $val =~ s/^[^:]*:\s*[^:]*:\s*(.*)\s*$/$1/; }
+	return $val;
+}
+
+sub apply_manualprops {
+	my ($self, $file, $fbat) = @_;
+	my $pending_properties = check_attr( "svn-properties", $file );
+	if ($pending_properties eq "") { return; }
+	# Parse the list of properties to set.
+	my @props = split(/;/, $pending_properties);
+	# TODO: get existing properties to compare to
+	# - this fails for add so currently not done
+	# my $existing_props = ::get_svnprops($file);
+	my $existing_props = {};
+	# TODO: caching svn properties or storing them in .gitattributes
+	# would make that faster
+	foreach my $prop (@props) {
+		# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
+		if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
+			my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
+			for ($n, $v) {
+				s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//;
+			}
+			my $existing = $existing_props->{$n};
+			if (!defined($existing) || $existing ne $v) {
+			    $self->change_file_prop($fbat, $n, $v);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub A {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+					undef, -1);
+	print "\tA\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
+	$self->apply_manualprops($m->{file_b}, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub C {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	# workaround for a bug in svn serf backend (v1.8.5 and below):
+	# store third argument to ->add_file() in a local variable, to make it
+	# have the same lifetime as $fbat
+	my $upa = $self->url_path($m->{file_a});
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+				$upa, $self->{r});
+	print "\tC\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_manualprops($m->{file_b}, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub delete_entry {
+	my ($self, $path, $pbat) = @_;
+	my $rpath = $self->repo_path($path);
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($rpath);
+	$self->{rm}->{$dir} = 1;
+	$self->SUPER::delete_entry($rpath, $self->{r}, $pbat, $self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub R {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	# workaround for a bug in svn serf backend, see comment in C() above
+	my $upa = $self->url_path($m->{file_a});
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+				$upa, $self->{r});
+	print "\tR\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
+	$self->apply_manualprops($m->{file_b}, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+
+	($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_a});
+	$pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_a}, $pbat);
+}
+
+sub M {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	my $fbat = $self->open_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}),
+				$pbat,$self->{r},$self->{pool});
+	print "\t$m->{chg}\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_manualprops($m->{file_b}, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub T {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+
+	# Work around subversion issue 4091: toggling the "is a
+	# symlink" property requires removing and re-adding a
+	# file or else "svn up" on affected clients trips an
+	# assertion and aborts.
+	if (($m->{mode_b} =~ /^120/ && $m->{mode_a} !~ /^120/) ||
+	    ($m->{mode_b} !~ /^120/ && $m->{mode_a} =~ /^120/)) {
+		$self->D({
+			mode_a => $m->{mode_a}, mode_b => '000000',
+			sha1_a => $m->{sha1_a}, sha1_b => '0' x 40,
+			chg => 'D', file_b => $m->{file_b}
+		}, $deletions);
+		$self->A({
+			mode_a => '000000', mode_b => $m->{mode_b},
+			sha1_a => '0' x 40, sha1_b => $m->{sha1_b},
+			chg => 'A', file_b => $m->{file_b}
+		}, $deletions);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	$self->M($m, $deletions);
+}
+
+sub change_file_prop {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::change_file_prop($fbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub change_dir_prop {
+	my ($self, $pbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::change_dir_prop($pbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub _chg_file_get_blob ($$$$) {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $m, $which) = @_;
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_$which");
+	if ($m->{"mode_$which"} =~ /^120/) {
+		print $fh 'link ' or croak $!;
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special','*');
+	} elsif ($m->{mode_a} =~ /^120/ && $m->{"mode_$which"} !~ /^120/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special',undef);
+	}
+	my $blob = $m->{"sha1_$which"};
+	return ($fh,) if ($blob =~ /^0{40}$/);
+	my $size = $::_repository->cat_blob($blob, $fh);
+	croak "Failed to read object $blob" if ($size < 0);
+	$fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
+	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+
+	my $exp = ::md5sum($fh);
+	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+	return ($fh, $exp);
+}
+
+sub chg_file {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $m) = @_;
+	if ($m->{mode_b} =~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} !~ /755$/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable','*');
+	} elsif ($m->{mode_b} !~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} =~ /755$/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable',undef);
+	}
+	my ($fh_a, $exp_a) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'a';
+	my ($fh_b, $exp_b) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'b';
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $atd = $self->apply_textdelta($fbat, $exp_a, $pool);
+	if (-s $fh_a) {
+		my $txstream = SVN::TxDelta::new ($fh_a, $fh_b, $pool);
+		my $res = SVN::TxDelta::send_txstream($txstream, @$atd, $pool);
+		if (defined $res) {
+			die "Unexpected result from send_txstream: $res\n",
+			    "(SVN::Core::VERSION: $SVN::Core::VERSION)\n";
+		}
+	} else {
+		my $got = SVN::TxDelta::send_stream($fh_b, @$atd, $pool);
+		die "Checksum mismatch\nexpected: $exp_b\ngot: $got\n"
+		    if ($got ne $exp_b);
+	}
+	Git::temp_release($fh_b, 1);
+	Git::temp_release($fh_a, 1);
+	$pool->clear;
+}
+
+sub D {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	print "\tD\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_b}, $pbat);
+}
+
+sub close_edit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my ($p,$bat) = ($self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
+	foreach (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$bat) {
+		next if $_ eq '';
+		$self->close_directory($bat->{$_}, $p);
+	}
+	$self->close_directory($bat->{''}, $p);
+	$self->SUPER::close_edit($p);
+	$p->clear;
+}
+
+sub abort_edit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::abort_edit($self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->SUPER::DESTROY(@_);
+	$self->{pool}->clear;
+}
+
+# this drives the editor
+sub apply_diff {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $mods = $self->{mods};
+	my %o = ( D => 0, C => 1, R => 2, A => 3, M => 4, T => 5 );
+	my %deletions;
+
+	foreach my $m (@$mods) {
+		if ($m->{chg} eq "D") {
+			$deletions{$m->{file_b}} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $m (sort { $o{$a->{chg}} <=> $o{$b->{chg}} } @$mods) {
+		my $f = $m->{chg};
+		if (defined $o{$f}) {
+			$self->$f($m, \%deletions);
+		} else {
+			fatal("Invalid change type: $f");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
+		$self->change_dir_prop($self->{bat}{''}, "svn:mergeinfo",
+			               $self->{mergeinfo});
+	}
+	$self->rmdirs if $_rmdir;
+	if (@$mods == 0 && !defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
+		$self->abort_edit;
+	} else {
+		$self->close_edit;
+	}
+	return scalar @$mods;
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Editor - commit driver for "git svn set-tree" and dcommit
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+	use Git::SVN::Editor;
+	use Git::SVN::Ra;
+
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+	my %opts = (
+		r => 19,
+		log => "log message",
+		ra => $ra,
+		config => SVN::Core::config_get_config($svn_config_dir),
+		tree_a => "$commit^",
+		tree_b => "$commit",
+		editor_cb => sub { print "Committed r$_[0]\n"; },
+		mergeinfo => "/branches/foo:1-10",
+		svn_path => "trunk"
+	);
+	Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%opts)->apply_diff or print "No changes\n";
+
+	my $re = Git::SVN::Editor::glob2pat("trunk/*");
+	if ($branchname =~ /$re/) {
+		print "matched!\n";
+	}
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module is an implementation detail of the "git svn" command.
+Do not use it unless you are developing git-svn.
+
+This module adapts the C<SVN::Delta::Editor> object returned by
+C<SVN::Delta::get_commit_editor> and drives it to convey the
+difference between two git tree objects to a remote Subversion
+repository.
+
+The interface will change as git-svn evolves.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+Subversion perl bindings,
+the core L<Carp> module,
+and git's L<Git> helper module.
+
+C<Git::SVN::Editor> has not been tested using callers other than
+B<git-svn> itself.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<SVN::Delta>,
+L<Git::SVN::Fetcher>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+None.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8c21ad915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+package Git::SVN::Fetcher;
+use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_include_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs
+            $_placeholder_filename @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder
+            $repo_id/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use SVN::Delta;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname/;
+use Git qw/command command_oneline command_noisy command_output_pipe
+           command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
+           command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe/;
+BEGIN {
+	@ISA = qw(SVN::Delta::Editor);
+}
+
+# file baton members: path, mode_a, mode_b, pool, fh, blob, base
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
+	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new;
+	bless $self, $class;
+	if (exists $git_svn->{last_commit}) {
+		$self->{c} = $git_svn->{last_commit};
+		$self->{empty_symlinks} =
+		                  _mark_empty_symlinks($git_svn, $switch_path);
+	}
+
+	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
+	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
+	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
+	$repo_id = $git_svn->{repo_id};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.ignore-paths";
+	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+	$self->{ignore_regex} = $v;
+
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.include-paths";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+	$self->{include_regex} = $v;
+
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.preserve-empty-dirs";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', '--bool', $k) };
+	if ($v && $v eq 'true') {
+		$_preserve_empty_dirs = 1;
+		$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.placeholder-filename";
+		$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+		$_placeholder_filename = $v;
+	}
+
+	# Load the list of placeholder files added during previous invocations.
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.added-placeholder";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get-all', $k) };
+	if ($_preserve_empty_dirs && $v) {
+		# command() prints errors to stderr, so we only call it if
+		# command_oneline() succeeded.
+		my @v = command('config', '--get-all', $k);
+		$added_placeholder{ dirname($_) } = $_ foreach @v;
+	}
+
+	$self->{empty} = {};
+	$self->{dir_prop} = {};
+	$self->{file_prop} = {};
+	$self->{absent_dir} = {};
+	$self->{absent_file} = {};
+	require Git::IndexInfo;
+	$self->{gii} = $git_svn->tmp_index_do(sub { Git::IndexInfo->new });
+	$self->{pathnameencoding} = Git::config('svn.pathnameencoding');
+	$self;
+}
+
+# this uses the Ra object, so it must be called before do_{switch,update},
+# not inside them (when the Git::SVN::Fetcher object is passed) to
+# do_{switch,update}
+sub _mark_empty_symlinks {
+	my ($git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
+	my $bool = Git::config_bool('svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround');
+	return {} if (!defined($bool)) || (defined($bool) && ! $bool);
+
+	my %ret;
+	my ($rev, $cmt) = $git_svn->last_rev_commit;
+	return {} unless ($rev && $cmt);
+
+	# allow the warning to be printed for each revision we fetch to
+	# ensure the user sees it.  The user can also disable the workaround
+	# on the repository even while git svn is running and the next
+	# revision fetched will skip this expensive function.
+	my $printed_warning;
+	chomp(my $empty_blob = `git hash-object -t blob --stdin < /dev/null`);
+	my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree -r -z/, $cmt);
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	my $pfx = defined($switch_path) ? $switch_path : $git_svn->path;
+	$pfx .= '/' if length($pfx);
+	while (<$ls>) {
+		chomp;
+		s/\A100644 blob $empty_blob\t//o or next;
+		unless ($printed_warning) {
+			print STDERR "Scanning for empty symlinks, ",
+			             "this may take a while if you have ",
+				     "many empty files\n",
+				     "You may disable this with `",
+				     "git config svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround ",
+				     "false'.\n",
+				     "This may be done in a different ",
+				     "terminal without restarting ",
+				     "git svn\n";
+			$printed_warning = 1;
+		}
+		my $path = $_;
+		my (undef, $props) =
+		               $git_svn->ra->get_file($pfx.$path, $rev, undef);
+		if ($props->{'svn:special'}) {
+			$ret{$path} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+	\%ret;
+}
+
+# returns true if a given path is inside a ".git" directory
+sub in_dot_git {
+	$_[0] =~ m{(?:^|/)\.git(?:/|$)};
+}
+
+# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
+# This will also check whether the path is explicitly included
+sub is_path_ignored {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	return 1 if in_dot_git($path);
+	return 1 if defined($self->{ignore_regex}) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$self->{ignore_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($self->{include_regex}) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$self->{include_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($_include_regex) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$_include_regex!;
+	return 1 if defined($self->{include_regex});
+	return 1 if defined($_include_regex);
+	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_regex);
+	return 1 if $path =~ m!$_ignore_regex!o;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub set_path_strip {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	$self->{path_strip} = qr/^\Q$path\E(\/|$)/ if length $path;
+}
+
+sub open_root {
+	{ path => '' };
+}
+
+sub open_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
+	{ path => $path };
+}
+
+sub git_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if (my $enc = $self->{pathnameencoding}) {
+		require Encode;
+		Encode::from_to($path, 'UTF-8', $enc);
+	}
+	if ($self->{path_strip}) {
+		$path =~ s!$self->{path_strip}!! or
+		  die "Failed to strip path '$path' ($self->{path_strip})\n";
+	}
+	$path;
+}
+
+sub delete_entry {
+	my ($self, $path, $rev, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	return undef if ($gpath eq '');
+
+	# remove entire directories.
+	my ($tree) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
+	                 =~ /\A040000 tree ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
+	if ($tree) {
+		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
+		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
+				                     $tree);
+		local $/ = "\0";
+		while (<$ls>) {
+			chomp;
+			my $rmpath = "$gpath/$_";
+			$self->{gii}->remove($rmpath);
+			print "\tD\t$rmpath\n" unless $::_q;
+		}
+		print "\tD\t$gpath/\n" unless $::_q;
+		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+	} else {
+		$self->{gii}->remove($gpath);
+		print "\tD\t$gpath\n" unless $::_q;
+	}
+	# Don't add to @deleted_gpath if we're deleting a placeholder file.
+	push @deleted_gpath, $gpath unless $added_placeholder{dirname($path)};
+	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub open_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
+	my ($mode, $blob);
+
+	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	($mode, $blob) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
+	                     =~ /\A(\d{6}) blob ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
+	unless (defined $mode && defined $blob) {
+		die "$path was not found in commit $self->{c} (r$rev)\n";
+	}
+	if ($mode eq '100644' && $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$path}) {
+		$mode = '120000';
+	}
+out:
+	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode, blob => $blob,
+	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'M' };
+}
+
+sub add_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
+	my $mode;
+
+	if (!$self->is_path_ignored($path)) {
+		my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
+		$mode = '100644';
+
+		if ($added_placeholder{$dir}) {
+			# Remove our placeholder file, if we created one.
+			delete_entry($self, $added_placeholder{$dir})
+				unless $path eq $added_placeholder{$dir};
+			delete $added_placeholder{$dir}
+		}
+	}
+
+	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode,
+	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'A' };
+}
+
+sub add_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
+	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	if ($gpath eq '') {
+		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
+		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
+				                     $self->{c});
+		local $/ = "\0";
+		while (<$ls>) {
+			chomp;
+			$self->{gii}->remove($_);
+			print "\tD\t$_\n" unless $::_q;
+			push @deleted_gpath, $gpath;
+		}
+		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+		$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
+	}
+	my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
+	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 1;
+
+	if ($added_placeholder{$dir}) {
+		# Remove our placeholder file, if we created one.
+		delete_entry($self, $added_placeholder{$dir});
+		delete $added_placeholder{$dir}
+	}
+
+out:
+	{ path => $path };
+}
+
+sub change_dir_prop {
+	my ($self, $db, $prop, $value) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($db->{path});
+	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}} ||= {};
+	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub absent_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
+	push @{$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub absent_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
+	push @{$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub change_file_prop {
+	my ($self, $fb, $prop, $value) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+	if ($prop eq 'svn:executable') {
+		if ($fb->{mode_b} != 120000) {
+			$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 100755 : 100644;
+		}
+	} elsif ($prop eq 'svn:special') {
+		$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 120000 : 100644;
+	} else {
+		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}} ||= {};
+		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub apply_textdelta {
+	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+	my $suffix = 0;
+	++$suffix while $::_repository->temp_is_locked("svn_delta_${$}_$suffix");
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("svn_delta_${$}_$suffix");
+	# $fh gets auto-closed() by SVN::TxDelta::apply(),
+	# (but $base does not,) so dup() it for reading in close_file
+	open my $dup, '<&', $fh or croak $!;
+	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_${$}_$suffix");
+	# close_file may call temp_acquire on 'svn_hash', but because of the
+	# call chain, if the temp_acquire call from close_file ends up being the
+	# call that first creates the 'svn_hash' temp file, then the FileHandle
+	# that's created as a result will end up in an SVN::Pool that we clear
+	# in SVN::Ra::gs_fetch_loop_common.  Avoid that by making sure the
+	# 'svn_hash' FileHandle is already created before close_file is called.
+	my $tmp_fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire('svn_hash');
+	$::_repository->temp_release($tmp_fh, 1);
+
+	if ($fb->{blob}) {
+		my ($base_is_link, $size);
+
+		if ($fb->{mode_a} eq '120000' &&
+		    ! $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$fb->{path}}) {
+			print $base 'link ' or die "print $!\n";
+			$base_is_link = 1;
+		}
+	retry:
+		$size = $::_repository->cat_blob($fb->{blob}, $base);
+		die "Failed to read object $fb->{blob}" if ($size < 0);
+
+		if (defined $exp) {
+			seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+			my $got = ::md5sum($base);
+			if ($got ne $exp) {
+				my $err = "Checksum mismatch: ".
+				       "$fb->{path} $fb->{blob}\n" .
+				       "expected: $exp\n" .
+				       "     got: $got\n";
+				if ($base_is_link) {
+					warn $err,
+					     "Retrying... (possibly ",
+					     "a bad symlink from SVN)\n";
+					$::_repository->temp_reset($base);
+					$base_is_link = 0;
+					goto retry;
+				}
+				die $err;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+	$fb->{fh} = $fh;
+	$fb->{base} = $base;
+	[ SVN::TxDelta::apply($base, $dup, undef, $fb->{path}, $fb->{pool}) ];
+}
+
+sub close_file {
+	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+
+	my $hash;
+	my $path = $self->git_path($fb->{path});
+	if (my $fh = $fb->{fh}) {
+		if (defined $exp) {
+			seek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
+			my $got = ::md5sum($fh);
+			if ($got ne $exp) {
+				die "Checksum mismatch: $path\n",
+				    "expected: $exp\n    got: $got\n";
+			}
+		}
+		if ($fb->{mode_b} == 120000) {
+			sysseek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
+			my $rd = sysread($fh, my $buf, 5);
+
+			if (!defined $rd) {
+				croak "sysread: $!\n";
+			} elsif ($rd == 0) {
+				warn "$path has mode 120000",
+				     " but it points to nothing\n",
+				     "converting to an empty file with mode",
+				     " 100644\n";
+				$fb->{mode_b} = '100644';
+			} elsif ($buf ne 'link ') {
+				warn "$path has mode 120000",
+				     " but is not a link\n";
+			} else {
+				my $tmp_fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire(
+					'svn_hash');
+				my $res;
+				while ($res = sysread($fh, my $str, 1024)) {
+					my $out = syswrite($tmp_fh, $str, $res);
+					defined($out) && $out == $res
+						or croak("write ",
+							Git::temp_path($tmp_fh),
+							": $!\n");
+				}
+				defined $res or croak $!;
+
+				($fh, $tmp_fh) = ($tmp_fh, $fh);
+				Git::temp_release($tmp_fh, 1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		$hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(
+				Git::temp_path($fh));
+		$hash =~ /^[a-f\d]{40}$/ or die "not a sha1: $hash\n";
+
+		Git::temp_release($fb->{base}, 1);
+		Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
+	} else {
+		$hash = $fb->{blob} or die "no blob information\n";
+	}
+	$fb->{pool}->clear;
+	$self->{gii}->update($fb->{mode_b}, $hash, $path) or croak $!;
+	print "\t$fb->{action}\t$path\n" if $fb->{action} && ! $::_q;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub abort_edit {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
+	delete $self->{gii};
+	$self->SUPER::abort_edit(@_);
+}
+
+sub close_edit {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if ($_preserve_empty_dirs) {
+		my @empty_dirs;
+
+		# Any entry flagged as empty that also has an associated
+		# dir_prop represents a newly created empty directory.
+		foreach my $i (keys %{$self->{empty}}) {
+			push @empty_dirs, $i if exists $self->{dir_prop}->{$i};
+		}
+
+		# Search for directories that have become empty due subsequent
+		# file deletes.
+		push @empty_dirs, $self->find_empty_directories();
+
+		# Finally, add a placeholder file to each empty directory.
+		$self->add_placeholder_file($_) foreach (@empty_dirs);
+
+		$self->stash_placeholder_list();
+	}
+
+	$self->{git_commit_ok} = 1;
+	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
+	delete $self->{gii};
+	$self->SUPER::close_edit(@_);
+}
+
+sub find_empty_directories {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my @empty_dirs;
+	my %dirs = map { dirname($_) => 1 } @deleted_gpath;
+
+	foreach my $dir (sort keys %dirs) {
+		next if $dir eq ".";
+
+		# If there have been any additions to this directory, there is
+		# no reason to check if it is empty.
+		my $skip_added = 0;
+		foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
+			foreach my $path (keys %{ $self->{$t} }) {
+				if (exists $self->{$t}->{dirname($path)}) {
+					$skip_added = 1;
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+			last if $skip_added;
+		}
+		next if $skip_added;
+
+		# Use `git ls-tree` to get the filenames of this directory
+		# that existed prior to this particular commit.
+		my $ls = command('ls-tree', '-z', '--name-only',
+				 $self->{c}, "$dir/");
+		my %files = map { $_ => 1 } split(/\0/, $ls);
+
+		# Remove the filenames that were deleted during this commit.
+		delete $files{$_} foreach (@deleted_gpath);
+
+		# Report the directory if there are no filenames left.
+		push @empty_dirs, $dir unless (scalar %files);
+	}
+	@empty_dirs;
+}
+
+sub add_placeholder_file {
+	my ($self, $dir) = @_;
+	my $path = "$dir/$_placeholder_filename";
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire($gpath);
+	my $hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(Git::temp_path($fh));
+	Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
+	$self->{gii}->update('100644', $hash, $gpath) or croak $!;
+
+	# The directory should no longer be considered empty.
+	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir} if exists $self->{empty}->{$dir};
+
+	# Keep track of any placeholder files we create.
+	$added_placeholder{$dir} = $path;
+}
+
+sub stash_placeholder_list {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.added-placeholder";
+	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get-all', $k) };
+	command_noisy('config', '--unset-all', $k) if $v;
+	foreach (values %added_placeholder) {
+		command_noisy('config', '--add', $k, $_);
+	}
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Fetcher - tree delta consumer for "git svn fetch"
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use SVN::Core;
+    use SVN::Ra;
+    use Git::SVN;
+    use Git::SVN::Fetcher;
+    use Git;
+
+    my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url);
+    my $ra = SVN::Ra->new(url => $url);
+    my $editor = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($gs);
+    my $reporter = $ra->do_update($SVN::Core::INVALID_REVNUM, '',
+                                  1, $editor);
+    $reporter->set_path('', $old_rev, 0);
+    $reporter->finish_report;
+    my $tree = $gs->tmp_index_do(sub { command_oneline('write-tree') });
+
+    foreach my $path (keys %{$editor->{dir_prop}) {
+        my $props = $editor->{dir_prop}{$path};
+        foreach my $prop (keys %$props) {
+            print "property $prop at $path changed to $props->{$prop}\n";
+        }
+    }
+    foreach my $path (keys %{$editor->{empty}) {
+        my $action = $editor->{empty}{$path} ? 'added' : 'removed';
+        print "empty directory $path $action\n";
+    }
+    foreach my $path (keys %{$editor->{file_prop}) { ... }
+    foreach my $parent (keys %{$editor->{absent_dir}}) {
+        my @children = @{$editor->{abstent_dir}{$parent}};
+        print "cannot fetch directory $parent/$_: not authorized?\n"
+            foreach @children;
+    }
+    foreach my $parent (keys %{$editor->{absent_file}) { ... }
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This is a subclass of C<SVN::Delta::Editor>, which means it implements
+callbacks to act as a consumer of Subversion tree deltas.  This
+particular implementation of those callbacks is meant to store
+information about the resulting content which B<git svn fetch> could
+use to populate new commits and new entries for F<unhandled.log>.
+More specifically:
+
+=over
+
+=item * Additions, removals, and modifications of files are propagated
+to git-svn's index file F<$GIT_DIR/svn/$refname/index> using
+B<git update-index>.
+
+=item * Changes in Subversion path properties are recorded in the
+C<dir_prop> and C<file_prop> fields (which are hashes).
+
+=item * Addition and removal of empty directories are indicated by
+entries with value 1 and 0 respectively in the C<empty> hash.
+
+=item * Paths that are present but cannot be conveyed (presumably due
+to permissions) are recorded in the C<absent_file> and
+C<absent_dirs> hashes.  For each key, the corresponding value is
+a list of paths under that directory that were present but
+could not be conveyed.
+
+=back
+
+The interface is unstable.  Do not use this module unless you are
+developing git-svn.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+L<SVN::Delta> from the Subversion perl bindings,
+the core L<Carp> and L<File::Basename> modules,
+and git's L<Git> helper module.
+
+C<Git::SVN::Fetcher> has not been tested using callers other than
+B<git-svn> itself.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<SVN::Delta>,
+L<Git::SVN::Editor>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+None.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0a8d17621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $glob, $pattern_ok) = @_;
+	my $re = $glob;
+	$re =~ s!/+$!!g; # no need for trailing slashes
+	my (@left, @right, @patterns);
+	my $state = "left";
+	my $die_msg = "Only one set of wildcards " .
+				"(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: $glob\n";
+	for my $part (split(m|/|, $glob)) {
+		if ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /[{}]/ &&
+			 $part !~ /^\{[^{}]+\}/) {
+			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
+		}
+		my $nstars = $part =~ tr/*//;
+		if ($nstars > 1) {
+			die "Only one '*' is allowed in a pattern: '$part'\n";
+		}
+		if ($part =~ /(.*)\*(.*)/) {
+			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
+			my ($l, $r) = ($1, $2);
+			$state = "pattern";
+			my $pat = quotemeta($l) . '[^/]*' . quotemeta($r);
+			push(@patterns, $pat);
+		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /^\{(.*)\}$/) {
+			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
+			$state = "pattern";
+			my $p = quotemeta($1);
+			$p =~ s/\\,/|/g;
+			push(@patterns, "(?:$p)");
+		} else {
+			if ($state eq "left") {
+				push(@left, $part);
+			} else {
+				push(@right, $part);
+				$state = "right";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	my $depth = @patterns;
+	if ($depth == 0) {
+		die "One '*' is needed in glob: '$glob'\n";
+	}
+	my $left = join('/', @left);
+	my $right = join('/', @right);
+	$re = join('/', @patterns);
+	$re = join('\/',
+		   grep(length, quotemeta($left),
+                                "($re)(?=/|\$)",
+                                quotemeta($right)));
+	my $left_re = qr/^\/\Q$left\E(\/|$)/;
+	bless { left => $left, right => $right, left_regex => $left_re,
+	        regex => qr/$re/, glob => $glob, depth => $depth }, $class;
+}
+
+sub full_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	return (length $self->{left} ? "$self->{left}/" : '') .
+	       $path . (length $self->{right} ? "/$self->{right}" : '');
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..664105357c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+package Git::SVN::Log;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(fatal);
+use Git qw(command
+           command_oneline
+           command_output_pipe
+           command_close_pipe
+           get_tz_offset);
+use POSIX qw/strftime/;
+use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
+use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
+            %rusers $show_commit $incremental/;
+
+# Option set in git-svn
+our $_git_format;
+
+sub cmt_showable {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	return 1 if defined $c->{r};
+
+	# big commit message got truncated by the 16k pretty buffer in rev-list
+	if ($c->{l} && $c->{l}->[-1] eq "...\n" &&
+				$c->{a_raw} =~ /\@([a-f\d\-]+)>$/) {
+		@{$c->{l}} = ();
+		my @log = command(qw/cat-file commit/, $c->{c});
+
+		# shift off the headers
+		shift @log while ($log[0] ne '');
+		shift @log;
+
+		# TODO: make $c->{l} not have a trailing newline in the future
+		@{$c->{l}} = map { "$_\n" } grep !/^git-svn-id: /, @log;
+
+		(undef, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata(
+				(grep(/^git-svn-id: /, @log))[-1]);
+	}
+	return defined $c->{r};
+}
+
+sub log_use_color {
+	return $color || Git->repository->get_colorbool('color.diff');
+}
+
+sub git_svn_log_cmd {
+	my ($r_min, $r_max, @args) = @_;
+	my $head = 'HEAD';
+	my (@files, @log_opts);
+	foreach my $x (@args) {
+		if ($x eq '--' || @files) {
+			push @files, $x;
+		} else {
+			if (::verify_ref("$x^0")) {
+				$head = $x;
+			} else {
+				push @log_opts, $x;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = ::working_head_info($head);
+
+	require Git::SVN;
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->_new;
+	my @cmd = (qw/log --abbrev-commit --pretty=raw --default/,
+	           $gs->refname);
+	push @cmd, '-r' unless $non_recursive;
+	push @cmd, qw/--raw --name-status/ if $verbose;
+	push @cmd, '--color' if log_use_color();
+	push @cmd, @log_opts;
+	if (defined $r_max && $r_max == $r_min) {
+		push @cmd, '--max-count=1';
+		if (my $c = $gs->rev_map_get($r_max)) {
+			push @cmd, $c;
+		}
+	} elsif (defined $r_max) {
+		if ($r_max < $r_min) {
+			($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
+		}
+		my (undef, $c_max) = $gs->find_rev_before($r_max, 1, $r_min);
+		my (undef, $c_min) = $gs->find_rev_after($r_min, 1, $r_max);
+		# If there are no commits in the range, both $c_max and $c_min
+		# will be undefined.  If there is at least 1 commit in the
+		# range, both will be defined.
+		return () if !defined $c_min || !defined $c_max;
+		if ($c_min eq $c_max) {
+			push @cmd, '--max-count=1', $c_min;
+		} else {
+			push @cmd, '--boundary', "$c_min..$c_max";
+		}
+	}
+	return (@cmd, @files);
+}
+
+# adapted from pager.c
+sub config_pager {
+	if (! -t *STDOUT) {
+		$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = 'false';
+		$pager = undef;
+		return;
+	}
+	chomp($pager = command_oneline(qw(var GIT_PAGER)));
+	if ($pager eq 'cat') {
+		$pager = undef;
+	}
+	$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = defined($pager);
+}
+
+sub run_pager {
+	return unless defined $pager;
+	pipe my ($rfd, $wfd) or return;
+	defined(my $pid = fork) or fatal "Can't fork: $!";
+	if (!$pid) {
+		open STDOUT, '>&', $wfd or
+		                     fatal "Can't redirect to stdout: $!";
+		return;
+	}
+	open STDIN, '<&', $rfd or fatal "Can't redirect stdin: $!";
+	$ENV{LESS} ||= 'FRX';
+	$ENV{LV} ||= '-c';
+	exec $pager or fatal "Can't run pager: $! ($pager)";
+}
+
+sub format_svn_date {
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	require Git::SVN;
+	my $gmoff = get_tz_offset($t);
+	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
+}
+
+sub parse_git_date {
+	my ($t, $tz) = @_;
+	# Date::Parse isn't in the standard Perl distro :(
+	if ($tz =~ s/^\+//) {
+		$t += tz_to_s_offset($tz);
+	} elsif ($tz =~ s/^\-//) {
+		$t -= tz_to_s_offset($tz);
+	}
+	return $t;
+}
+
+sub set_local_timezone {
+	if (defined $TZ) {
+		$ENV{TZ} = $TZ;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{TZ};
+	}
+}
+
+sub tz_to_s_offset {
+	my ($tz) = @_;
+	$tz =~ s/(\d\d)$//;
+	return ($1 * 60) + ($tz * 3600);
+}
+
+sub get_author_info {
+	my ($dest, $author, $t, $tz) = @_;
+	$author =~ s/(?:^\s*|\s*$)//g;
+	$dest->{a_raw} = $author;
+	my $au;
+	if ($::_authors) {
+		$au = $rusers{$author} || undef;
+	}
+	if (!$au) {
+		($au) = ($author =~ /<([^>]+)\@[^>]+>$/);
+	}
+	$dest->{t} = $t;
+	$dest->{tz} = $tz;
+	$dest->{a} = $au;
+	$dest->{t_utc} = parse_git_date($t, $tz);
+}
+
+sub process_commit {
+	my ($c, $r_min, $r_max, $defer) = @_;
+	if (defined $r_min && defined $r_max) {
+		if ($r_min == $c->{r} && $r_min == $r_max) {
+			show_commit($c);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return 1 if $r_min == $r_max;
+		if ($r_min < $r_max) {
+			# we need to reverse the print order
+			return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
+			push @$defer, $c;
+			return 1;
+		}
+		if ($r_min != $r_max) {
+			return 1 if ($r_min < $c->{r});
+			return 1 if ($r_max > $c->{r});
+		}
+	}
+	return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
+	show_commit($c);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+my $l_fmt;
+sub show_commit {
+	my $c = shift;
+	if ($oneline) {
+		my $x = "\n";
+		if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
+			while ($l->[0] =~ /^\s*$/) { shift @$l }
+			$x = $l->[0];
+		}
+		$l_fmt ||= 'A' . length($c->{r});
+		print 'r',pack($l_fmt, $c->{r}),' | ';
+		print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
+		print $x;
+	} else {
+		show_commit_normal($c);
+	}
+}
+
+sub show_commit_changed_paths {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	return unless $c->{changed};
+	print "Changed paths:\n", @{$c->{changed}};
+}
+
+sub show_commit_normal {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	print commit_log_separator, "r$c->{r} | ";
+	print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
+	print "$c->{a} | ", format_svn_date($c->{t_utc}), ' | ';
+	my $nr_line = 0;
+
+	if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
+		while ($l->[$#$l] eq "\n" && $#$l > 0
+		                          && $l->[($#$l - 1)] eq "\n") {
+			pop @$l;
+		}
+		$nr_line = scalar @$l;
+		if (!$nr_line) {
+			print "1 line\n\n\n";
+		} else {
+			if ($nr_line == 1) {
+				$nr_line = '1 line';
+			} else {
+				$nr_line .= ' lines';
+			}
+			print $nr_line, "\n";
+			show_commit_changed_paths($c);
+			print "\n";
+			print $_ foreach @$l;
+		}
+	} else {
+		print "1 line\n";
+		show_commit_changed_paths($c);
+		print "\n";
+
+	}
+	foreach my $x (qw/raw stat diff/) {
+		if ($c->{$x}) {
+			print "\n";
+			print $_ foreach @{$c->{$x}}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub cmd_show_log {
+	my (@args) = @_;
+	my ($r_min, $r_max);
+	my $r_last = -1; # prevent dupes
+	set_local_timezone();
+	if (defined $::_revision) {
+		if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
+			($r_min, $r_max) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/) {
+			$r_min = $r_max = $::_revision;
+		} else {
+			fatal "-r$::_revision is not supported, use ",
+				"standard 'git log' arguments instead";
+		}
+	}
+
+	config_pager();
+	@args = git_svn_log_cmd($r_min, $r_max, @args);
+	if (!@args) {
+		print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
+		return;
+	}
+	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
+	run_pager();
+	my (@k, $c, $d, $stat);
+	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if (/^${esc_color}commit (?:- )?($::sha1_short)/o) {
+			my $cmt = $1;
+			if ($c && cmt_showable($c) && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
+				$r_last = $c->{r};
+				process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k) or
+								goto out;
+			}
+			$d = undef;
+			$c = { c => $cmt };
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}author (.+) (\d+) ([\-\+]?\d+)$/o) {
+			get_author_info($c, $1, $2, $3);
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}(?:tree|parent|committer) /o) {
+			# ignore
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}:\d{6} \d{6} $::sha1_short/o) {
+			push @{$c->{raw}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}[ACRMDT]\t/) {
+			# we could add $SVN->{svn_path} here, but that requires
+			# remote access at the moment (repo_path_split)...
+			s#^(${esc_color})([ACRMDT])\t#$1   $2 #o;
+			push @{$c->{changed}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}diff /o) {
+			$d = 1;
+			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
+		} elsif ($d) {
+			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^\ .+\ \|\s*\d+\ $esc_color[\+\-]*
+		          $esc_color*[\+\-]*$esc_color$/x) {
+			$stat = 1;
+			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
+		} elsif ($stat && /^ \d+ files changed, \d+ insertions/) {
+			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
+			$stat = undef;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}    (git-svn-id:.+)$/o) {
+			($c->{url}, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata($1);
+		} elsif (s/^${esc_color}    //o) {
+			push @{$c->{l}}, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($c && defined $c->{r} && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
+		$r_last = $c->{r};
+		process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k);
+	}
+	if (@k) {
+		($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
+		process_commit($_, $r_min, $r_max) foreach reverse @k;
+	}
+out:
+	close $log;
+	print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
+}
+
+sub cmd_blame {
+	my $path = pop;
+
+	config_pager();
+	run_pager();
+
+	my ($fh, $ctx, $rev);
+
+	if ($_git_format) {
+		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', @_, $path);
+		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+			if ($line =~ /^\^?([[:xdigit:]]+)\s/) {
+				# Uncommitted edits show up as a rev ID of
+				# all zeros, which we can't look up with
+				# cmt_metadata
+				if ($1 !~ /^0+$/) {
+					(undef, $rev, undef) =
+						::cmt_metadata($1);
+					$rev = '0' if (!$rev);
+				} else {
+					$rev = '0';
+				}
+				$rev = sprintf('%-10s', $rev);
+				$line =~ s/^\^?[[:xdigit:]]+(\s)/$rev$1/;
+			}
+			print $line;
+		}
+	} else {
+		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', '-p', @_, 'HEAD',
+						  '--', $path);
+		my ($sha1);
+		my %authors;
+		my @buffer;
+		my %dsha; #distinct sha keys
+
+		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+			push @buffer, $line;
+			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
+				$dsha{$1} = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		my $s2r = ::cmt_sha2rev_batch([keys %dsha]);
+
+		foreach my $line (@buffer) {
+			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
+				$rev = $s2r->{$1};
+				$rev = '0' if (!$rev)
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^author (.*)/) {
+				$authors{$rev} = $1;
+				$authors{$rev} =~ s/\s/_/g;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^\t(.*)$/) {
+				printf("%6s %10s %s\n", $rev, $authors{$rev}, $1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9676b8f2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML;
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+use YAML::Any ();
+
+# based on Memoize::Storable.
+
+sub TIEHASH {
+	my $package = shift;
+	my $filename = shift;
+	my $truehash = (-e $filename) ? YAML::Any::LoadFile($filename) : {};
+	my $self = {FILENAME => $filename, H => $truehash};
+	bless $self => $package;
+}
+
+sub STORE {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->{H}{$_[0]} = $_[1];
+}
+
+sub FETCH {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->{H}{$_[0]};
+}
+
+sub EXISTS {
+	my $self = shift;
+	exists $self->{H}{$_[0]};
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my $self = shift;
+	YAML::Any::DumpFile($self->{FILENAME}, $self->{H});
+}
+
+sub SCALAR {
+	my $self = shift;
+	scalar(%{$self->{H}});
+}
+
+sub FIRSTKEY {
+	'Fake hash from Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML';
+}
+
+sub NEXTKEY {
+	undef;
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML - store Memoized data in YAML format
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Memoize;
+    use Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML;
+
+    tie my %cache => 'Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML', $filename;
+    memoize('slow_function', SCALAR_CACHE => [HASH => \%cache]);
+    slow_function(arguments);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module provides a class that can be used to tie a hash to a
+YAML file.  The file is read when the hash is initialized and
+rewritten when the hash is destroyed.
+
+The intent is to allow L<Memoize> to back its cache with a file in
+YAML format, just like L<Memoize::Storable> allows L<Memoize> to
+back its cache with a file in Storable format.  Unlike the Storable
+format, the YAML format is platform-independent and fairly stable.
+
+Carps on error.
+
+=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
+
+See L<YAML::Any>.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+L<YAML::Any> from CPAN.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+The entire cache is read into a Perl hash when loading the file,
+so this is not very scalable.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf6ffa7581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+package Git::SVN::Migration;
+# these version numbers do NOT correspond to actual version numbers
+# of git or git-svn.  They are just relative.
+#
+# v0 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/heads/$id-HEAD
+#
+# v1 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
+#
+# v2 layout: .git/svn/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
+#
+# v3 layout: .git/svn/$id, refs/remotes/$id
+#            - info/url may remain for backwards compatibility
+#            - this is what we migrate up to this layout automatically,
+#            - this will be used by git svn init on single branches
+# v3.1 layout (auto migrated):
+#            - .rev_db => .rev_db.$UUID, .rev_db will remain as a symlink
+#              for backwards compatibility
+#
+# v4 layout: .git/svn/$repo_id/$id, refs/remotes/$repo_id/$id
+#            - this is only created for newly multi-init-ed
+#              repositories.  Similar in spirit to the
+#              --use-separate-remotes option in git-clone (now default)
+#            - we do not automatically migrate to this (following
+#              the example set by core git)
+#
+# v5 layout: .rev_db.$UUID => .rev_map.$UUID
+#            - newer, more-efficient format that uses 24-bytes per record
+#              with no filler space.
+#            - use xxd -c24 < .rev_map.$UUID to view and debug
+#            - This is a one-way migration, repositories updated to the
+#              new format will not be able to use old git-svn without
+#              rebuilding the .rev_db.  Rebuilding the rev_db is not
+#              possible if noMetadata or useSvmProps are set; but should
+#              be no problem for users that use the (sensible) defaults.
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
+
+our $_minimize;
+use Git qw(
+	command
+	command_noisy
+	command_output_pipe
+	command_close_pipe
+);
+
+sub migrate_from_v0 {
+	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	return undef unless -d $git_dir;
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
+	my $migrated = 0;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($id, $orig_ref) = ($_, $_);
+		next unless $id =~ s#^refs/heads/(.+)-HEAD$#$1#;
+		next unless -f "$git_dir/$id/info/url";
+		my $new_ref = "refs/remotes/$id";
+		if (::verify_ref("$new_ref^0")) {
+			print STDERR "W: $orig_ref is probably an old ",
+			             "branch used by an ancient version of ",
+				     "git-svn.\n",
+				     "However, $new_ref also exists.\n",
+				     "We will not be able ",
+				     "to use this branch until this ",
+				     "ambiguity is resolved.\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		print STDERR "Migrating from v0 layout...\n" if !$migrated;
+		print STDERR "Renaming ref: $orig_ref => $new_ref\n";
+		command_noisy('update-ref', $new_ref, $orig_ref);
+		command_noisy('update-ref', '-d', $orig_ref, $orig_ref);
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	print STDERR "Done migrating from v0 layout...\n" if $migrated;
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub migrate_from_v1 {
+	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	my $migrated = 0;
+	return $migrated unless -d $git_dir;
+	my $svn_dir = "$git_dir/svn";
+
+	# just in case somebody used 'svn' as their $id at some point...
+	return $migrated if -d $svn_dir && ! -f "$svn_dir/info/url";
+
+	print STDERR "Migrating from a git-svn v1 layout...\n";
+	mkpath([$svn_dir]);
+	print STDERR "Data from a previous version of git-svn exists, but\n\t",
+	             "$svn_dir\n\t(required for this version ",
+	             "($::VERSION) of git-svn) does not exist.\n";
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		my $x = $_;
+		next unless $x =~ s#^refs/remotes/##;
+		chomp $x;
+		next unless -f "$git_dir/$x/info/url";
+		my $u = eval { ::file_to_s("$git_dir/$x/info/url") };
+		next unless $u;
+		my $dn = dirname("$git_dir/svn/$x");
+		mkpath([$dn]) unless -d $dn;
+		if ($x eq 'svn') { # they used 'svn' as GIT_SVN_ID:
+			mkpath(["$git_dir/svn/svn"]);
+			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x/info => ",
+			                "$git_dir/svn/$x/info\n";
+			rename "$git_dir/$x/info", "$git_dir/svn/$x/info" or
+			       croak "$!: $x";
+			# don't worry too much about these, they probably
+			# don't exist with repos this old (save for index,
+			# and we can easily regenerate that)
+			foreach my $f (qw/unhandled.log index .rev_db/) {
+				rename "$git_dir/$x/$f", "$git_dir/svn/$x/$f";
+			}
+		} else {
+			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x => $git_dir/svn/$x\n";
+			rename "$git_dir/$x", "$git_dir/svn/$x" or
+			       croak "$!: $x";
+		}
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	print STDERR "Done migrating from a git-svn v1 layout\n";
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub read_old_urls {
+	my ($l_map, $pfx, $path) = @_;
+	my @dir;
+	foreach (<$path/*>) {
+		if (-r "$_/info/url") {
+			$pfx .= '/' if $pfx && $pfx !~ m!/$!;
+			my $ref_id = $pfx . basename $_;
+			my $url = ::file_to_s("$_/info/url");
+			$l_map->{$ref_id} = $url;
+		} elsif (-d $_) {
+			push @dir, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	foreach (@dir) {
+		my $x = $_;
+		$x =~ s!^\Q$ENV{GIT_DIR}\E/svn/!!o;
+		read_old_urls($l_map, $x, $_);
+	}
+}
+
+sub migrate_from_v2 {
+	my @cfg = command(qw/config -l/);
+	return if grep /^svn-remote\..+\.url=/, @cfg;
+	my %l_map;
+	read_old_urls(\%l_map, '', "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
+	my $migrated = 0;
+
+	require Git::SVN;
+	foreach my $ref_id (sort keys %l_map) {
+		eval { Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', undef, $ref_id) };
+		if ($@) {
+			Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', $ref_id, $ref_id);
+		}
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub minimize_connections {
+	require Git::SVN;
+	require Git::SVN::Ra;
+
+	my $r = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes();
+	my $new_urls = {};
+	my $root_repos = {};
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$r) {
+		my $url = $r->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		my $fetch = $r->{$repo_id}->{fetch} or next;
+		my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+
+		# skip existing cases where we already connect to the root
+		if (($ra->url eq $ra->{repos_root}) ||
+		    ($ra->{repos_root} eq $repo_id)) {
+			$root_repos->{$ra->url} = $repo_id;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		my $root_ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
+		my $root_path = $ra->url;
+		$root_path =~ s#^\Q$ra->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
+		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
+			my $ref_id = $fetch->{$path};
+			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($ref_id, $repo_id, $path);
+
+			# make sure we can read when connecting to
+			# a higher level of a repository
+			my ($last_rev, undef) = $gs->last_rev_commit;
+			if (!defined $last_rev) {
+				$last_rev = eval {
+					$root_ra->get_latest_revnum;
+				};
+				next if $@;
+			}
+			my $new = $root_path;
+			$new .= length $path ? "/$path" : '';
+			eval {
+				$root_ra->get_log([$new], $last_rev, $last_rev,
+			                          0, 0, 1, sub { });
+			};
+			next if $@;
+			$new_urls->{$ra->{repos_root}}->{$new} =
+			        { ref_id => $ref_id,
+				  old_repo_id => $repo_id,
+				  old_path => $path };
+		}
+	}
+
+	my @emptied;
+	foreach my $url (keys %$new_urls) {
+		# see if we can re-use an existing [svn-remote "repo_id"]
+		# instead of creating a(n ugly) new section:
+		my $repo_id = $root_repos->{$url} || $url;
+
+		my $fetch = $new_urls->{$url};
+		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
+			my $x = $fetch->{$path};
+			Git::SVN->init($url, $path, $repo_id, $x->{ref_id});
+			my $pfx = "svn-remote.$x->{old_repo_id}";
+
+			my $old_fetch = quotemeta("$x->{old_path}:".
+			                          "$x->{ref_id}");
+			command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
+			              "$pfx.fetch", '^'. $old_fetch . '$');
+			delete $r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->
+			       {fetch}->{$x->{old_path}};
+			if (!keys %{$r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->{fetch}}) {
+				command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
+				              "$pfx.url");
+				push @emptied, $x->{old_repo_id}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (@emptied) {
+		my $file = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/config";
+		print STDERR <<EOF;
+The following [svn-remote] sections in your config file ($file) are empty
+and can be safely removed:
+EOF
+		print STDERR "[svn-remote \"$_\"]\n" foreach @emptied;
+	}
+}
+
+sub migration_check {
+	migrate_from_v0();
+	migrate_from_v1();
+	migrate_from_v2();
+	minimize_connections() if $_minimize;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e940b08505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package Git::SVN::Prompt;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+require SVN::Core;
+use vars qw/$_no_auth_cache $_username/;
+
+sub simple {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $default_username, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	$default_username = $_username if defined $_username;
+	if (defined $default_username && length $default_username) {
+		if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
+			print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
+			STDERR->flush;
+		}
+		$cred->username($default_username);
+	} else {
+		username($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool);
+	}
+	$cred->password(_read_password("Password for '" .
+	                               $cred->username . "': ", $realm));
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_server_trust {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $failures, $cert_info, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	print STDERR "Error validating server certificate for '$realm':\n";
+	{
+		no warnings 'once';
+		# All variables SVN::Auth::SSL::* are used only once,
+		# so we're shutting up Perl warnings about this.
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::UNKNOWNCA) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate is not issued ",
+			    "by a trusted authority. Use the\n",
+			    "   fingerprint to validate ",
+			    "the certificate manually!\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::CNMISMATCH) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate hostname ",
+			    "does not match.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::NOTYETVALID) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate is not yet valid.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::EXPIRED) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate has expired.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::OTHER) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate has ",
+			    "an unknown error.\n";
+		}
+	} # no warnings 'once'
+	printf STDERR
+	        "Certificate information:\n".
+	        " - Hostname: %s\n".
+	        " - Valid: from %s until %s\n".
+	        " - Issuer: %s\n".
+	        " - Fingerprint: %s\n",
+	        map $cert_info->$_, qw(hostname valid_from valid_until
+	                               issuer_dname fingerprint);
+	my $choice;
+prompt:
+	my $options = $may_save ?
+	      "(R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? " :
+	      "(R)eject or accept (t)emporarily? ";
+	STDERR->flush;
+	$choice = lc(substr(Git::prompt("Certificate problem.\n" . $options) || 'R', 0, 1));
+	if ($choice eq 't') {
+		$cred->may_save(undef);
+	} elsif ($choice eq 'r') {
+		return -1;
+	} elsif ($may_save && $choice eq 'p') {
+		$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	} else {
+		goto prompt;
+	}
+	$cred->accepted_failures($failures);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_client_cert {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	print STDERR "Client certificate filename: ";
+	STDERR->flush;
+	chomp(my $filename = <STDIN>);
+	$cred->cert_file($filename);
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_client_cert_pw {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	$cred->password(_read_password("Password: ", $realm));
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub username {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
+		print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
+	}
+	my $username;
+	if (defined $_username) {
+		$username = $_username;
+	} else {
+		$username = Git::prompt("Username: ");
+	}
+	$cred->username($username);
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub _read_password {
+	my ($prompt, $realm) = @_;
+	my $password = Git::prompt($prompt, 1);
+	$password;
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Prompt - authentication callbacks for git-svn
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Git::SVN::Prompt qw(simple ssl_client_cert ssl_client_cert_pw
+                            ssl_server_trust username);
+    use SVN::Client ();
+
+    my $cached_simple = SVN::Client::get_simple_provider();
+    my $git_simple = SVN::Client::get_simple_prompt_provider(\&simple, 2);
+    my $cached_ssl = SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_file_provider();
+    my $git_ssl = SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_prompt_provider(
+        \&ssl_server_trust);
+    my $cached_cert = SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_file_provider();
+    my $git_cert = SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_prompt_provider(
+        \&ssl_client_cert, 2);
+    my $cached_cert_pw = SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_file_provider();
+    my $git_cert_pw = SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_prompt_provider(
+        \&ssl_client_cert_pw, 2);
+    my $cached_username = SVN::Client::get_username_provider();
+    my $git_username = SVN::Client::get_username_prompt_provider(
+        \&username, 2);
+
+    my $ctx = new SVN::Client(
+        auth => [
+            $cached_simple, $git_simple,
+            $cached_ssl, $git_ssl,
+            $cached_cert, $git_cert,
+            $cached_cert_pw, $git_cert_pw,
+            $cached_username, $git_username
+        ]);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module is an implementation detail of the "git svn" command.
+It implements git-svn's authentication policy.  Do not use it unless
+you are developing git-svn.
+
+The interface will change as git-svn evolves.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+L<SVN::Core>.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<SVN::Client>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+None.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e764696801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+package Git::SVN::Ra;
+use vars qw/@ISA $config_dir $_ignore_refs_regex $_log_window_size/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Memoize;
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	canonicalize_url
+	canonicalize_path
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+use SVN::Ra;
+BEGIN {
+	@ISA = qw(SVN::Ra);
+}
+
+my ($ra_invalid, $can_do_switch, %ignored_err, $RA);
+
+BEGIN {
+	# enforce temporary pool usage for some simple functions
+	no strict 'refs';
+	for my $f (qw/rev_proplist get_latest_revnum get_uuid get_repos_root
+	              get_file/) {
+		my $SUPER = "SUPER::$f";
+		*$f = sub {
+			my $self = shift;
+			my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+			my @ret = $self->$SUPER(@_,$pool);
+			$pool->clear;
+			wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+		};
+	}
+}
+
+# serf has a bug that leads to a coredump upon termination if the
+# remote access object is left around (not fixed yet in serf 1.3.1).
+# Explicitly free it to work around the issue.
+END {
+	$RA = undef;
+	$ra_invalid = 1;
+}
+
+sub _auth_providers () {
+	require SVN::Client;
+	my @rv = (
+	  SVN::Client::get_simple_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_simple_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::simple, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert_pw, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_username_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_server_trust),
+	  SVN::Client::get_username_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::username, 2)
+	);
+
+	# earlier 1.6.x versions would segfault, and <= 1.5.x didn't have
+	# this function
+	if (::compare_svn_version('1.6.15') >= 0) {
+		my $config = SVN::Core::config_get_config($config_dir);
+		my ($p, @a);
+		# config_get_config returns all config files from
+		# ~/.subversion, auth_get_platform_specific_client_providers
+		# just wants the config "file".
+		@a = ($config->{'config'}, undef);
+		$p = SVN::Core::auth_get_platform_specific_client_providers(@a);
+		# Insert the return value from
+		# auth_get_platform_specific_providers
+		unshift @rv, @$p;
+	}
+	\@rv;
+}
+
+sub prepare_config_once {
+	SVN::_Core::svn_config_ensure($config_dir, undef);
+	my ($baton, $callbacks) = SVN::Core::auth_open_helper(_auth_providers);
+	my $config = SVN::Core::config_get_config($config_dir);
+	my $conf_t = $config->{'config'};
+
+	no warnings 'once';
+	# The usage of $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_* variables
+	# produces warnings that variables are used only once.
+	# I had not found the better way to shut them up, so
+	# the warnings of type 'once' are disabled in this block.
+	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
+	    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
+	    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_PASSWORDS,
+	    1) == 0) {
+		my $val = '1';
+		if (::compare_svn_version('1.9.0') < 0) { # pre-SVN r1553823
+			my $dont_store_passwords = 1;
+			$val = bless \$dont_store_passwords, "_p_void";
+		}
+		SVN::_Core::svn_auth_set_parameter($baton,
+		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_AUTH_PARAM_DONT_STORE_PASSWORDS,
+		    $val);
+	}
+	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
+	    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
+	    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_AUTH_CREDS,
+	    1) == 0) {
+		$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache = 1;
+	}
+
+	return ($config, $baton, $callbacks);
+} # no warnings 'once'
+
+INIT {
+	Memoize::memoize '_auth_providers';
+	Memoize::memoize 'prepare_config_once';
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $url) = @_;
+	$url = canonicalize_url($url);
+	return $RA if ($RA && $RA->url eq $url);
+
+	::_req_svn();
+
+	$RA = undef;
+	my ($config, $baton, $callbacks) = prepare_config_once();
+	my $self = SVN::Ra->new(url => $url, auth => $baton,
+	                      config => $config,
+			      pool => SVN::Pool->new,
+	                      auth_provider_callbacks => $callbacks);
+	$RA = bless $self, $class;
+
+	# Make sure its canonicalized
+	$self->url($url);
+	$self->{svn_path} = $url;
+	$self->{repos_root} = $self->get_repos_root;
+	$self->{svn_path} =~ s#^\Q$self->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
+	$self->{cache} = { check_path => { r => 0, data => {} },
+	                   get_dir => { r => 0, data => {} } };
+
+	return $RA;
+}
+
+sub url {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $url = shift;
+		$self->{url} = canonicalize_url($url);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{url};
+}
+
+sub check_path {
+	my ($self, $path, $r) = @_;
+	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{check_path};
+	if ($r == $cache->{r} && exists $cache->{data}->{$path}) {
+		return $cache->{data}->{$path};
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $t = $self->SUPER::check_path($path, $r, $pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
+		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
+		$cache->{r} = $r;
+	}
+	$cache->{data}->{$path} = $t;
+}
+
+sub get_dir {
+	my ($self, $dir, $r) = @_;
+	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{get_dir};
+	if ($r == $cache->{r}) {
+		if (my $x = $cache->{data}->{$dir}) {
+			return wantarray ? @$x : $x->[0];
+		}
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my ($d, undef, $props);
+
+	if (::compare_svn_version('1.4.0') >= 0) {
+		# n.b. in addition to being potentially more efficient,
+		# this works around what appears to be a bug in some
+		# SVN 1.8 versions
+		my $kind = 1; # SVN_DIRENT_KIND
+		($d, undef, $props) = $self->get_dir2($dir, $r, $kind, $pool);
+	} else {
+		($d, undef, $props) = $self->SUPER::get_dir($dir, $r, $pool);
+	}
+	my %dirents = map { $_ => { kind => $d->{$_}->kind } } keys %$d;
+	$pool->clear;
+	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
+		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
+		$cache->{r} = $r;
+	}
+	$cache->{data}->{$dir} = [ \%dirents, $r, $props ];
+	wantarray ? (\%dirents, $r, $props) : \%dirents;
+}
+
+# get_log(paths, start, end, limit,
+#         discover_changed_paths, strict_node_history, receiver)
+sub get_log {
+	my ($self, @args) = @_;
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+
+	# svn_log_changed_path_t objects passed to get_log are likely to be
+	# overwritten even if only the refs are copied to an external variable,
+	# so we should dup the structures in their entirety.  Using an
+	# externally passed pool (instead of our temporary and quickly cleared
+	# pool in Git::SVN::Ra) does not help matters at all...
+	my $receiver = pop @args;
+	my $prefix = "/".$self->{svn_path};
+	$prefix =~ s#/+($)##;
+	my $prefix_regex = qr#^\Q$prefix\E#;
+	push(@args, sub {
+		my ($paths) = $_[0];
+		return &$receiver(@_) unless $paths;
+		$_[0] = ();
+		foreach my $p (keys %$paths) {
+			my $i = $paths->{$p};
+			# Make path relative to our url, not repos_root
+			$p =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
+			my %s = map { $_ => $i->$_; }
+				qw/copyfrom_path copyfrom_rev action/;
+			if ($s{'copyfrom_path'}) {
+				$s{'copyfrom_path'} =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
+				$s{'copyfrom_path'} = canonicalize_path($s{'copyfrom_path'});
+			}
+			$_[0]{$p} = \%s;
+		}
+		&$receiver(@_);
+	});
+
+
+	# the limit parameter was not supported in SVN 1.1.x, so we
+	# drop it.  Therefore, the receiver callback passed to it
+	# is made aware of this limitation by being wrapped if
+	# the limit passed to is being wrapped.
+	if (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') <= 0) {
+		my $limit = splice(@args, 3, 1);
+		if ($limit > 0) {
+			my $receiver = pop @args;
+			push(@args, sub { &$receiver(@_) if (--$limit >= 0) });
+		}
+	}
+	my $ret = $self->SUPER::get_log(@args, $pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	$ret;
+}
+
+# uncommon, only for ancient SVN (<= 1.4.2)
+sub trees_match {
+	require IO::File;
+	require SVN::Client;
+	my ($self, $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2) = @_;
+	my $ctx = SVN::Client->new(auth => _auth_providers);
+	my $out = IO::File->new_tmpfile;
+
+	# older SVN (1.1.x) doesn't take $pool as the last parameter for
+	# $ctx->diff(), so we'll create a default one
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new_default_sub;
+
+	$ra_invalid = 1; # this will open a new SVN::Ra connection to $url1
+	$ctx->diff([], $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2, 1, 1, 0, $out, $out);
+	$out->flush;
+	my $ret = (($out->stat)[7] == 0);
+	close $out or croak $!;
+
+	$ret;
+}
+
+sub get_commit_editor {
+	my ($self, $log, $cb, $pool) = @_;
+
+	my @lock = (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') >= 0) ? (undef, 0) : ();
+	$self->SUPER::get_commit_editor($log, $cb, @lock, $pool);
+}
+
+sub gs_do_update {
+	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $editor) = @_;
+	my $new = ($rev_a == $rev_b);
+	my $path = $gs->path;
+
+	if ($new && -e $gs->{index}) {
+		unlink $gs->{index} or die
+		  "Couldn't unlink index: $gs->{index}: $!\n";
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	$editor->set_path_strip($path);
+	my (@pc) = split m#/#, $path;
+	my $reporter = $self->do_update($rev_b, (@pc ? shift @pc : ''),
+	                                1, $editor, $pool);
+	my @lock = (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') >= 0) ? (undef) : ();
+
+	# Since we can't rely on svn_ra_reparent being available, we'll
+	# just have to do some magic with set_path to make it so
+	# we only want a partial path.
+	my $sp = '';
+	my $final = join('/', @pc);
+	while (@pc) {
+		$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_b, 0, @lock, $pool);
+		$sp .= '/' if length $sp;
+		$sp .= shift @pc;
+	}
+	die "BUG: '$sp' != '$final'\n" if ($sp ne $final);
+
+	$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_a, $new, @lock, $pool);
+
+	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
+}
+
+# this requires SVN 1.4.3 or later (do_switch didn't work before 1.4.3, and
+# svn_ra_reparent didn't work before 1.4)
+sub gs_do_switch {
+	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $url_b, $editor) = @_;
+	my $path = $gs->path;
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+
+	my $old_url = $self->url;
+	my $full_url = add_path_to_url( $self->url, $path );
+	my ($ra, $reparented);
+
+	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+\w+)?://# ||
+	    ($full_url =~ m#^https?://# &&
+	     canonicalize_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
+		$_[0] = undef;
+		$self = undef;
+		$RA = undef;
+		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($full_url);
+		$ra_invalid = 1;
+	} elsif ($old_url ne $full_url) {
+		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent(
+			$self->{session},
+			canonicalize_url($full_url),
+			$pool
+		);
+		$self->url($full_url);
+		$reparented = 1;
+	}
+
+	$ra ||= $self;
+	$url_b = canonicalize_url($url_b);
+	my $reporter = $ra->do_switch($rev_b, '', 1, $url_b, $editor, $pool);
+	my @lock = (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') >= 0) ? (undef) : ();
+	$reporter->set_path('', $rev_a, 0, @lock, $pool);
+	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
+
+	if ($reparented) {
+		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $old_url, $pool);
+		$self->url($old_url);
+	}
+
+	$pool->clear;
+	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
+}
+
+sub longest_common_path {
+	my ($gsv, $globs) = @_;
+	my %common;
+	my $common_max = scalar @$gsv;
+
+	foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
+		my @tmp = split m#/#, $gs->path;
+		my $p = '';
+		foreach (@tmp) {
+			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
+			$common{$p} ||= 0;
+			$common{$p}++;
+		}
+	}
+	$globs ||= [];
+	$common_max += scalar @$globs;
+	foreach my $glob (@$globs) {
+		my @tmp = split m#/#, $glob->{path}->{left};
+		my $p = '';
+		foreach (@tmp) {
+			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
+			$common{$p} ||= 0;
+			$common{$p}++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $longest_path = '';
+	foreach (sort {length $b <=> length $a} keys %common) {
+		if ($common{$_} == $common_max) {
+			$longest_path = $_;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	$longest_path;
+}
+
+sub gs_fetch_loop_common {
+	my ($self, $base, $head, $gsv, $globs) = @_;
+	return if ($base > $head);
+	# Make sure the cat_blob open2 FileHandle is created before calling
+	# SVN::Pool::new_default so that it does not incorrectly end up in the pool.
+	$::_repository->_open_cat_blob_if_needed;
+	my $gpool = SVN::Pool->new_default;
+	my $ra_url = $self->url;
+	my $reload_ra = sub {
+		$_[0] = undef;
+		$self = undef;
+		$RA = undef;
+		$gpool->clear;
+		$self = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra_url);
+		$ra_invalid = undef;
+	};
+	my $inc = $_log_window_size;
+	my ($min, $max) = ($base, $head < $base + $inc ? $head : $base + $inc);
+	my $longest_path = longest_common_path($gsv, $globs);
+	my $find_trailing_edge;
+	while (1) {
+		my %revs;
+		my $err;
+		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+		$SVN::Error::handler = sub {
+			($err) = @_;
+			skip_unknown_revs($err);
+		};
+		sub _cb {
+			my ($paths, $r, $author, $date, $log) = @_;
+			[ $paths,
+			  { author => $author, date => $date, log => $log } ];
+		}
+		$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $max, 0, 1, 1,
+		               sub { $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
+		if ($err) {
+			print "Checked through r$max\r";
+		} else {
+			$find_trailing_edge = 1;
+		}
+		if ($err and $find_trailing_edge) {
+			print STDERR "Path '$longest_path' ",
+				     "was probably deleted:\n",
+				     $err->expanded_message,
+				     "\nWill attempt to follow ",
+				     "revisions r$min .. r$max ",
+				     "committed before the deletion\n";
+			my $hi = $max;
+			while (--$hi >= $min) {
+				my $ok;
+				$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $hi,
+				               0, 1, 1, sub {
+				               $ok = $_[1];
+				               $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
+				if ($ok) {
+					print STDERR "r$min .. r$ok OK\n";
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+			$find_trailing_edge = 0;
+		}
+		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
+
+		my %exists = map { $_->path => $_ } @$gsv;
+		foreach my $r (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %revs) {
+			my ($paths, $logged) = @{delete $revs{$r}};
+
+			foreach my $gs ($self->match_globs(\%exists, $paths,
+			                                   $globs, $r)) {
+				if ($gs->rev_map_max >= $r) {
+					next;
+				}
+				next unless $gs->match_paths($paths, $r);
+				$gs->{logged_rev_props} = $logged;
+				if (my $last_commit = $gs->last_commit) {
+					$gs->assert_index_clean($last_commit);
+				}
+				my $log_entry = $gs->do_fetch($paths, $r);
+				if ($log_entry) {
+					$gs->do_git_commit($log_entry);
+				}
+				$Git::SVN::INDEX_FILES{$gs->{index}} = 1;
+			}
+			foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+				my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}." .
+				        "$g->{t}-maxRev";
+				Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $r);
+			}
+			$reload_ra->() if $ra_invalid;
+		}
+		# pre-fill the .rev_db since it'll eventually get filled in
+		# with '0' x40 if something new gets committed
+		foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
+			next if $gs->rev_map_max >= $max;
+			next if defined $gs->rev_map_get($max);
+			$gs->rev_map_set($max, 0 x40);
+		}
+		foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+			my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}.$g->{t}-maxRev";
+			Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $max);
+		}
+		last if $max >= $head;
+		$min = $max + 1;
+		$max += $inc;
+		$max = $head if ($max > $head);
+
+		$reload_ra->();
+	}
+	Git::SVN::gc();
+}
+
+sub get_dir_globbed {
+	my ($self, $left, $depth, $r) = @_;
+
+	my @x = eval { $self->get_dir($left, $r) };
+	return unless scalar @x == 3;
+	my $dirents = $x[0];
+	my @finalents;
+	foreach my $de (keys %$dirents) {
+		next if $dirents->{$de}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
+		if ($depth > 1) {
+			my @args = ("$left/$de", $depth - 1, $r);
+			foreach my $dir ($self->get_dir_globbed(@args)) {
+				push @finalents, "$de/$dir";
+			}
+		} else {
+			push @finalents, $de;
+		}
+	}
+	@finalents;
+}
+
+# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
+sub is_ref_ignored {
+	my ($g, $p) = @_;
+	my $refname = $g->{ref}->full_path($p);
+	return 1 if defined($g->{ignore_refs_regex}) &&
+	            $refname =~ m!$g->{ignore_refs_regex}!;
+	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_refs_regex);
+	return 1 if $refname =~ m!$_ignore_refs_regex!o;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub match_globs {
+	my ($self, $exists, $paths, $globs, $r) = @_;
+
+	sub get_dir_check {
+		my ($self, $exists, $g, $r) = @_;
+
+		my @dirs = $self->get_dir_globbed($g->{path}->{left},
+		                                  $g->{path}->{depth},
+		                                  $r);
+
+		foreach my $de (@dirs) {
+			my $p = $g->{path}->full_path($de);
+			next if $exists->{$p};
+			next if (length $g->{path}->{right} &&
+				 ($self->check_path($p, $r) !=
+				  $SVN::Node::dir));
+			next unless $p =~ /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
+			$exists->{$p} = Git::SVN->init($self->url, $p, undef,
+					 $g->{ref}->full_path($de), 1);
+		}
+	}
+	foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+		if (my $path = $paths->{"/$g->{path}->{left}"}) {
+			if ($path->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/) {
+				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+			}
+		}
+		foreach (keys %$paths) {
+			if (/$g->{path}->{left_regex}/ &&
+			    !/$g->{path}->{regex}/) {
+				next if $paths->{$_}->{action} !~ /^[AR]$/;
+				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+			}
+			next unless /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
+			my $p = $1;
+			my $pathname = $g->{path}->full_path($p);
+			next if is_ref_ignored($g, $p);
+			next if $exists->{$pathname};
+			next if ($self->check_path($pathname, $r) !=
+			         $SVN::Node::dir);
+			$exists->{$pathname} = Git::SVN->init(
+			                      $self->url, $pathname, undef,
+			                      $g->{ref}->full_path($p), 1);
+		}
+		my $c = '';
+		foreach (split m#/#, $g->{path}->{left}) {
+			$c .= "/$_";
+			next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
+			             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
+			get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+		}
+	}
+	values %$exists;
+}
+
+sub minimize_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->url if ($self->url eq $self->{repos_root});
+	my $url = $self->{repos_root};
+	my @components = split(m!/!, $self->{svn_path});
+	my $c = '';
+	do {
+		$url = add_path_to_url($url, $c);
+		eval {
+			my $ra = (ref $self)->new($url);
+			my $latest = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+			$ra->get_log("", $latest, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub {});
+		};
+	} while ($@ && ($c = shift @components));
+
+	return canonicalize_url($url);
+}
+
+sub can_do_switch {
+	my $self = shift;
+	unless (defined $can_do_switch) {
+		my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+		my $rep = eval {
+			$self->do_switch(1, '', 0, $self->url,
+			                 SVN::Delta::Editor->new, $pool);
+		};
+		if ($@) {
+			$can_do_switch = 0;
+		} else {
+			$rep->abort_report($pool);
+			$can_do_switch = 1;
+		}
+		$pool->clear;
+	}
+	$can_do_switch;
+}
+
+sub skip_unknown_revs {
+	my ($err) = @_;
+	my $errno = $err->apr_err();
+	# Maybe the branch we're tracking didn't
+	# exist when the repo started, so it's
+	# not an error if it doesn't, just continue
+	#
+	# Wonderfully consistent library, eh?
+	# 160013 - svn:// and file://
+	# 175002 - http(s)://
+	# 175007 - http(s):// (this repo required authorization, too...)
+	#   More codes may be discovered later...
+	if ($errno == 175007 || $errno == 175002 || $errno == 160013) {
+		my $err_key = $err->expanded_message;
+		# revision numbers change every time, filter them out
+		$err_key =~ s/\d+/\0/g;
+		$err_key = "$errno\0$err_key";
+		unless ($ignored_err{$err_key}) {
+			warn "W: Ignoring error from SVN, path probably ",
+			     "does not exist: ($errno): ",
+			     $err->expanded_message,"\n";
+			warn "W: Do not be alarmed at the above message ",
+			     "git-svn is just searching aggressively for ",
+			     "old history.\n",
+			     "This may take a while on large repositories\n";
+			$ignored_err{$err_key} = 1;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	die "Error from SVN, ($errno): ", $err->expanded_message,"\n";
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Ra - Subversion remote access functions for git-svn
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Git::SVN::Ra;
+
+    my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($branchurl);
+    my ($dirents, $fetched_revnum, $props) =
+        $ra->get_dir('.', $SVN::Core::INVALID_REVNUM);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This is a wrapper around the L<SVN::Ra> module for use by B<git-svn>.
+It fills in some default parameters (such as the authentication
+scheme), smooths over incompatibilities between libsvn versions, adds
+caching, and implements some functions specific to B<git-svn>.
+
+Do not use it unless you are developing git-svn.  The interface will
+change as git-svn evolves.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+Subversion perl bindings,
+L<Git::SVN>.
+
+C<Git::SVN::Ra> has not been tested using callers other than
+B<git-svn> itself.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<SVN::Ra>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+None.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d1a0933a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+package Git::SVN::Utils;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use SVN::Core;
+
+use base qw(Exporter);
+
+our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	join_paths
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Utils - utility functions used across Git::SVN
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Git::SVN::Utils qw(functions to import);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains functions which are useful across many different
+parts of Git::SVN.  Mostly it's a place to put utility functions
+rather than duplicate the code or have classes grabbing at other
+classes.
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+All functions can be imported only on request.
+
+=head3 fatal
+
+    fatal(@message);
+
+Display a message and exit with a fatal error code.
+
+=cut
+
+# Note: not certain why this is in use instead of die.  Probably because
+# the exit code of die is 255?  Doesn't appear to be used consistently.
+sub fatal (@) { print STDERR "@_\n"; exit 1 }
+
+
+=head3 can_compress
+
+    my $can_compress = can_compress;
+
+Returns true if Compress::Zlib is available, false otherwise.
+
+=cut
+
+my $can_compress;
+sub can_compress {
+	return $can_compress if defined $can_compress;
+
+	return $can_compress = eval { require Compress::Zlib; };
+}
+
+
+=head3 canonicalize_path
+
+    my $canoncalized_path = canonicalize_path($path);
+
+Converts $path into a canonical form which is safe to pass to the SVN
+API as a file path.
+
+=cut
+
+# Turn foo/../bar into bar
+sub _collapse_dotdot {
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	1 while $path =~ s{/[^/]+/+\.\.}{};
+	1 while $path =~ s{[^/]+/+\.\./}{};
+	1 while $path =~ s{[^/]+/+\.\.}{};
+
+	return $path;
+}
+
+
+sub canonicalize_path {
+	my $path = shift;
+	my $rv;
+
+	# The 1.7 way to do it
+	if ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_dirent_canonicalize ) {
+		$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+		$rv = SVN::_Core::svn_dirent_canonicalize($path);
+	}
+	# The 1.6 way to do it
+	# This can return undef on subversion-perl-1.4.2-2.el5 (CentOS 5.2)
+	elsif ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_path_canonicalize ) {
+		$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+		$rv = SVN::_Core::svn_path_canonicalize($path);
+	}
+
+	return $rv if defined $rv;
+
+	# No SVN API canonicalization is available, or the SVN API
+	# didn't return a successful result, do it ourselves
+	return _canonicalize_path_ourselves($path);
+}
+
+
+sub _canonicalize_path_ourselves {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	my $dot_slash_added = 0;
+	if (substr($path, 0, 1) ne "/") {
+		$path = "./" . $path;
+		$dot_slash_added = 1;
+	}
+	$path =~ s#/+#/#g;
+	$path =~ s#/\.(?:/|$)#/#g;
+	$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+	$path =~ s#/$##g;
+	$path =~ s#^\./## if $dot_slash_added;
+	$path =~ s#^\.$##;
+	return $path;
+}
+
+
+=head3 canonicalize_url
+
+    my $canonicalized_url = canonicalize_url($url);
+
+Converts $url into a canonical form which is safe to pass to the SVN
+API as a URL.
+
+=cut
+
+sub canonicalize_url {
+	my $url = shift;
+
+	# The 1.7 way to do it
+	if ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_uri_canonicalize ) {
+		return SVN::_Core::svn_uri_canonicalize($url);
+	}
+	# There wasn't a 1.6 way to do it, so we do it ourself.
+	else {
+		return _canonicalize_url_ourselves($url);
+	}
+}
+
+
+sub _canonicalize_url_path {
+	my ($uri_path) = @_;
+
+	my @parts;
+	foreach my $part (split m{/+}, $uri_path) {
+		$part =~ s/([^!\$%&'()*+,.\/\w:=\@_`~-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
+		push @parts, $part;
+	}
+
+	return join('/', @parts);
+}
+
+sub _canonicalize_url_ourselves {
+	my ($url) = @_;
+	if ($url =~ m#^([^:]+)://([^/]*)(.*)$#) {
+		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, _canonicalize_url_path(canonicalize_path($3)));
+		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
+	}
+	$url;
+}
+
+
+=head3 join_paths
+
+    my $new_path = join_paths(@paths);
+
+Appends @paths together into a single path.  Any empty paths are ignored.
+
+=cut
+
+sub join_paths {
+	my @paths = @_;
+
+	@paths = grep { defined $_ && length $_ } @paths;
+
+	return '' unless @paths;
+	return $paths[0] if @paths == 1;
+
+	my $new_path = shift @paths;
+	$new_path =~ s{/+$}{};
+
+	my $last_path = pop @paths;
+	$last_path =~ s{^/+}{};
+
+	for my $path (@paths) {
+		$path =~ s{^/+}{};
+		$path =~ s{/+$}{};
+		$new_path .= "/$path";
+	}
+
+	return $new_path .= "/$last_path";
+}
+
+
+=head3 add_path_to_url
+
+    my $new_url = add_path_to_url($url, $path);
+
+Appends $path onto the $url.  If $path is empty, $url is returned unchanged.
+
+=cut
+
+sub add_path_to_url {
+	my($url, $path) = @_;
+
+	return $url if !defined $path or !length $path;
+
+	# Strip trailing and leading slashes so we don't
+	# wind up with http://x.com///path
+	$url  =~ s{/+$}{};
+	$path =~ s{^/+}{};
+
+	# If a path has a % in it, URI escape it so it's not
+	# mistaken for a URI escape later.
+	$path =~ s{%}{%25}g;
+
+	return join '/', $url, $path;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Makefile b/perl/Makefile
index b2977cd0bc..15d96fcc7a 100644
--- a/perl/Makefile
+++ b/perl/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # Makefile for perl support modules and routine
 #
 makfile:=perl.mak
+modules =
 
 PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
 prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
@@ -19,19 +20,59 @@ clean:
 	$(RM) ppport.h
 	$(RM) $(makfile)
 	$(RM) $(makfile).old
+	$(RM) PM.stamp
+
+$(makfile): PM.stamp
 
 ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 instdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix)/lib)
+
+modules += Git
+modules += Git/I18N
+modules += Git/IndexInfo
+modules += Git/SVN
+modules += Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML
+modules += Git/SVN/Fetcher
+modules += Git/SVN/Editor
+modules += Git/SVN/GlobSpec
+modules += Git/SVN/Log
+modules += Git/SVN/Migration
+modules += Git/SVN/Prompt
+modules += Git/SVN/Ra
+modules += Git/SVN/Utils
+
 $(makfile): ../GIT-CFLAGS Makefile
-	echo all: private-Error.pm Git.pm > $@
-	echo '	mkdir -p blib/lib' >> $@
-	echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/Git.pm; cp Git.pm blib/lib/' >> $@
+	echo all: private-Error.pm Git.pm Git/I18N.pm > $@
+	set -e; \
+	for i in $(modules); \
+	do \
+		if test $$i = $${i%/*}; \
+		then \
+			subdir=; \
+		else \
+			subdir=/$${i%/*}; \
+		fi; \
+		echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/'$$i'.pm' >> $@; \
+		echo '	mkdir -p blib/lib'$$subdir >> $@; \
+		echo '	cp '$$i'.pm blib/lib/'$$i'.pm' >> $@; \
+	done
 	echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/Error.pm' >> $@
 	'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' -MError -e 'exit($$Error::VERSION < 0.15009)' || \
 	echo '	cp private-Error.pm blib/lib/Error.pm' >> $@
 	echo install: >> $@
-	echo '	mkdir -p "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)"' >> $@
-	echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Git.pm"; cp Git.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)"' >> $@
+	set -e; \
+	for i in $(modules); \
+	do \
+		if test $$i = $${i%/*}; \
+		then \
+			subdir=; \
+		else \
+			subdir=/$${i%/*}; \
+		fi; \
+		echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/'$$i'.pm"' >> $@; \
+		echo '	mkdir -p "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)'$$subdir'"' >> $@; \
+		echo '	cp '$$i'.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/'$$i'.pm"' >> $@; \
+	done
 	echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Error.pm"' >> $@
 	'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' -MError -e 'exit($$Error::VERSION < 0.15009)' || \
 	echo '	cp private-Error.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Error.pm"' >> $@
diff --git a/perl/Makefile.PL b/perl/Makefile.PL
index 456d45bf40..3f29ba98a6 100644
--- a/perl/Makefile.PL
+++ b/perl/Makefile.PL
@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
 use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Find;
+
+# Don't forget to update the perl/Makefile, too.
+# Don't forget to test with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER=YesPlease
 
 # Sanity: die at first unknown option
 Getopt::Long::Configure qw/ pass_through /;
 
-GetOptions("localedir=s" => \my $localedir);
+my $localedir = '';
+GetOptions("localedir=s" => \$localedir);
 
 sub MY::postamble {
 	return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
@@ -24,15 +29,22 @@ endif
 MAKE_FRAG
 }
 
-my %pm = (
-	'Git.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git.pm',
-	'Git/I18N.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git/I18N.pm',
-);
+# Find all the .pm files in "Git/" and Git.pm
+my %pm;
+find sub {
+	return unless /\.pm$/;
+
+	# sometimes File::Find prepends a ./  Strip it.
+	my $pm_path = $File::Find::name;
+	$pm_path =~ s{^\./}{};
+
+	$pm{$pm_path} = '$(INST_LIBDIR)/'.$pm_path;
+}, "Git", "Git.pm";
+
 
 # We come with our own bundled Error.pm. It's not in the set of default
 # Perl modules so install it if it's not available on the system yet.
-eval { require Error };
-if ($@ || $Error::VERSION < 0.15009) {
+if ( !eval { require Error } || $Error::VERSION < 0.15009) {
 	$pm{'private-Error.pm'} = '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Error.pm';
 }
 
diff --git a/perl/private-Error.pm b/perl/private-Error.pm
index 11e9cd9a02..6098135ae2 100644
--- a/perl/private-Error.pm
+++ b/perl/private-Error.pm
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ Only one finally block may be specified per try block
 =head2 CONSTRUCTORS
 
 The C<Error> object is implemented as a HASH. This HASH is initialized
-with the arguments that are passed to it's constructor. The elements
+with the arguments that are passed to its constructor. The elements
 that are used by, or are retrievable by the C<Error> class are listed
 below, other classes may add to these.
 
@@ -763,13 +763,13 @@ to the constructor.
 
 =item Error::Simple
 
-This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. It's
+This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. Its
 constructor takes two arguments. The first is a text value, the second
 is a numeric value. These values are what will be returned by the
 overload methods.
 
 If the text value ends with C<at file line 1> as $@ strings do, then
-this infomation will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
+this information will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
 of the error object.
 
 This class is used internally if an eval'd block die's with an error
diff --git a/pkt-line.c b/pkt-line.c
index 5a04984ea3..62fdb37079 100644
--- a/pkt-line.c
+++ b/pkt-line.c
@@ -1,91 +1,94 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 
+char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 static const char *packet_trace_prefix = "git";
-static const char trace_key[] = "GIT_TRACE_PACKET";
+static struct trace_key trace_packet = TRACE_KEY_INIT(PACKET);
+static struct trace_key trace_pack = TRACE_KEY_INIT(PACKFILE);
 
 void packet_trace_identity(const char *prog)
 {
 	packet_trace_prefix = xstrdup(prog);
 }
 
+static const char *get_trace_prefix(void)
+{
+	return in_async() ? "sideband" : packet_trace_prefix;
+}
+
+static int packet_trace_pack(const char *buf, unsigned int len, int sideband)
+{
+	if (!sideband) {
+		trace_verbatim(&trace_pack, buf, len);
+		return 1;
+	} else if (len && *buf == '\1') {
+		trace_verbatim(&trace_pack, buf + 1, len - 1);
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		/* it's another non-pack sideband */
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
 static void packet_trace(const char *buf, unsigned int len, int write)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct strbuf out;
+	static int in_pack, sideband;
+
+	if (!trace_want(&trace_packet) && !trace_want(&trace_pack))
+		return;
 
-	if (!trace_want(trace_key))
+	if (in_pack) {
+		if (packet_trace_pack(buf, len, sideband))
+			return;
+	} else if (starts_with(buf, "PACK") || starts_with(buf, "\1PACK")) {
+		in_pack = 1;
+		sideband = *buf == '\1';
+		packet_trace_pack(buf, len, sideband);
+
+		/*
+		 * Make a note in the human-readable trace that the pack data
+		 * started.
+		 */
+		buf = "PACK ...";
+		len = strlen(buf);
+	}
+
+	if (!trace_want(&trace_packet))
 		return;
 
 	/* +32 is just a guess for header + quoting */
 	strbuf_init(&out, len+32);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&out, "packet: %12s%c ",
-		    packet_trace_prefix, write ? '>' : '<');
+		    get_trace_prefix(), write ? '>' : '<');
 
-	if ((len >= 4 && !prefixcmp(buf, "PACK")) ||
-	    (len >= 5 && !prefixcmp(buf+1, "PACK"))) {
-		strbuf_addstr(&out, "PACK ...");
-		unsetenv(trace_key);
-	}
-	else {
-		/* XXX we should really handle printable utf8 */
-		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-			/* suppress newlines */
-			if (buf[i] == '\n')
-				continue;
-			if (buf[i] >= 0x20 && buf[i] <= 0x7e)
-				strbuf_addch(&out, buf[i]);
-			else
-				strbuf_addf(&out, "\\%o", buf[i]);
-		}
+	/* XXX we should really handle printable utf8 */
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		/* suppress newlines */
+		if (buf[i] == '\n')
+			continue;
+		if (buf[i] >= 0x20 && buf[i] <= 0x7e)
+			strbuf_addch(&out, buf[i]);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&out, "\\%o", buf[i]);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addch(&out, '\n');
-	trace_strbuf(trace_key, &out);
+	trace_strbuf(&trace_packet, &out);
 	strbuf_release(&out);
 }
 
 /*
- * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
- * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
- * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
- * would be an error).
- *
- * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
- * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
- * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
- * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
- * process entirely).
- *
- * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
- * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
- */
-ssize_t safe_write(int fd, const void *buf, ssize_t n)
-{
-	ssize_t nn = n;
-	while (n) {
-		int ret = xwrite(fd, buf, n);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			buf = (char *) buf + ret;
-			n -= ret;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!ret)
-			die("write error (disk full?)");
-		die_errno("write error");
-	}
-	return nn;
-}
-
-/*
  * If we buffered things up above (we don't, but we should),
  * we'd flush it here
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd)
 {
 	packet_trace("0000", 4, 1);
-	safe_write(fd, "0000", 4);
+	write_or_die(fd, "0000", 4);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf)
@@ -95,53 +98,76 @@ void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf)
 }
 
 #define hex(a) (hexchar[(a) & 15])
-static char buffer[1000];
-static unsigned format_packet(const char *fmt, va_list args)
+static void format_packet(struct strbuf *out, const char *fmt, va_list args)
 {
 	static char hexchar[] = "0123456789abcdef";
-	unsigned n;
+	size_t orig_len, n;
+
+	orig_len = out->len;
+	strbuf_addstr(out, "0000");
+	strbuf_vaddf(out, fmt, args);
+	n = out->len - orig_len;
 
-	n = vsnprintf(buffer + 4, sizeof(buffer) - 4, fmt, args);
-	if (n >= sizeof(buffer)-4)
+	if (n > LARGE_PACKET_MAX)
 		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
-	n += 4;
-	buffer[0] = hex(n >> 12);
-	buffer[1] = hex(n >> 8);
-	buffer[2] = hex(n >> 4);
-	buffer[3] = hex(n);
-	packet_trace(buffer+4, n-4, 1);
-	return n;
+
+	out->buf[orig_len + 0] = hex(n >> 12);
+	out->buf[orig_len + 1] = hex(n >> 8);
+	out->buf[orig_len + 2] = hex(n >> 4);
+	out->buf[orig_len + 3] = hex(n);
+	packet_trace(out->buf + orig_len + 4, n - 4, 1);
 }
 
 void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned n;
 
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
+	format_packet(&buf, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned n;
 
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
+	format_packet(buf, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	strbuf_add(buf, buffer, n);
 }
 
-static void safe_read(int fd, void *buffer, unsigned size)
+static int get_packet_data(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_size,
+			   void *dst, unsigned size, int options)
 {
-	ssize_t ret = read_in_full(fd, buffer, size);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		die_errno("read error");
-	else if (ret < size)
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	if (fd >= 0 && src_buf && *src_buf)
+		die("BUG: multiple sources given to packet_read");
+
+	/* Read up to "size" bytes from our source, whatever it is. */
+	if (src_buf && *src_buf) {
+		ret = size < *src_size ? size : *src_size;
+		memcpy(dst, *src_buf, ret);
+		*src_buf += ret;
+		*src_size -= ret;
+	} else {
+		ret = read_in_full(fd, dst, size);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("read error");
+	}
+
+	/* And complain if we didn't get enough bytes to satisfy the read. */
+	if (ret < size) {
+		if (options & PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF)
+			return -1;
+
 		die("The remote end hung up unexpectedly");
+	}
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int packet_length(const char *linelen)
@@ -169,12 +195,15 @@ static int packet_length(const char *linelen)
 	return len;
 }
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len,
+		char *buffer, unsigned size, int options)
 {
-	int len;
+	int len, ret;
 	char linelen[4];
 
-	safe_read(fd, linelen, 4);
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, linelen, 4, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 	len = packet_length(linelen);
 	if (len < 0)
 		die("protocol error: bad line length character: %.4s", linelen);
@@ -185,38 +214,37 @@ int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
 	len -= 4;
 	if (len >= size)
 		die("protocol error: bad line length %d", len);
-	safe_read(fd, buffer, len);
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, buffer, len, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if ((options & PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE) &&
+	    len && buffer[len-1] == '\n')
+		len--;
+
 	buffer[len] = 0;
 	packet_trace(buffer, len, 0);
 	return len;
 }
 
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out,
-	char **src_buf, size_t *src_len)
+static char *packet_read_line_generic(int fd,
+				      char **src, size_t *src_len,
+				      int *dst_len)
 {
-	int len;
-
-	if (*src_len < 4)
-		return -1;
-	len = packet_length(*src_buf);
-	if (len < 0)
-		return -1;
-	if (!len) {
-		*src_buf += 4;
-		*src_len -= 4;
-		packet_trace("0000", 4, 0);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (*src_len < len)
-		return -2;
+	int len = packet_read(fd, src, src_len,
+			      packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+			      PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
+	if (dst_len)
+		*dst_len = len;
+	return len ? packet_buffer : NULL;
+}
 
-	*src_buf += 4;
-	*src_len -= 4;
-	len -= 4;
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *len_p)
+{
+	return packet_read_line_generic(fd, NULL, NULL, len_p);
+}
 
-	strbuf_add(out, *src_buf, len);
-	*src_buf += len;
-	*src_len -= len;
-	packet_trace(out->buf, out->len, 0);
-	return len;
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src, size_t *src_len, int *dst_len)
+{
+	return packet_read_line_generic(-1, src, src_len, dst_len);
 }
diff --git a/pkt-line.h b/pkt-line.h
index 1e5dcfe87c..3cb9d91baa 100644
--- a/pkt-line.h
+++ b/pkt-line.h
@@ -5,15 +5,78 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 /*
- * Silly packetized line writing interface
+ * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
+ * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
+ * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
+ * would be an error).
+ *
+ * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
+ * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
+ * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
+ * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
+ * process entirely).
+ *
+ * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
+ * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd);
 void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf);
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size);
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len);
-ssize_t safe_write(int, const void *, ssize_t);
+/*
+ * Read a packetized line into the buffer, which must be at least size bytes
+ * long. The return value specifies the number of bytes read into the buffer.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer and *src_buffer are not NULL, it should point to a buffer
+ * containing the packet data to parse, of at least *src_len bytes.  After the
+ * function returns, src_buf will be incremented and src_len decremented by the
+ * number of bytes consumed.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer (or *src_buffer) is NULL, then data is read from the
+ * descriptor "fd".
+ *
+ * If options does not contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will die under any
+ * of the following conditions:
+ *
+ *   1. Read error from descriptor.
+ *
+ *   2. Protocol error from the remote (e.g., bogus length characters).
+ *
+ *   3. Receiving a packet larger than "size" bytes.
+ *
+ *   4. Truncated output from the remote (e.g., we expected a packet but got
+ *      EOF, or we got a partial packet followed by EOF).
+ *
+ * If options does contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will not die on
+ * condition 4 (truncated input), but instead return -1. However, we will still
+ * die for the other 3 conditions.
+ *
+ * If options contains PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE, a trailing newline (if
+ * present) is removed from the buffer before returning.
+ */
+#define PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF (1u<<0)
+#define PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE (1u<<1)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buffer, size_t *src_len, char
+		*buffer, unsigned size, int options);
+
+/*
+ * Convenience wrapper for packet_read that is not gentle, and sets the
+ * CHOMP_NEWLINE option. The return value is NULL for a flush packet,
+ * and otherwise points to a static buffer (that may be overwritten by
+ * subsequent calls). If the size parameter is not NULL, the length of the
+ * packet is written to it.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *size);
+
+/*
+ * Same as packet_read_line, but read from a buf rather than a descriptor;
+ * see packet_read for details on how src_* is used.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src_buf, size_t *src_len, int *size);
+
+#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
+#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
+extern char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 
 #endif
diff --git a/po/.gitignore b/po/.gitignore
index 4caa631ff0..796b96d1c4 100644
--- a/po/.gitignore
+++ b/po/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-/git.pot
 /build
diff --git a/po/README b/po/README
index 10b0ad2ce8..fef4c0f0b5 100644
--- a/po/README
+++ b/po/README
@@ -1,33 +1,98 @@
 Core GIT Translations
 =====================
 
-This directory holds the translations for the core of Git. This
-document describes how to add to and maintain these translations, and
-how to mark source strings for translation.
-
+This directory holds the translations for the core of Git. This document
+describes how you can contribute to the effort of enhancing the language
+coverage and maintaining the translation.
+
+The localization (l10n) coordinator, Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>,
+coordinates our localization effort in the l10 coordinator repository:
+
+        https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/
+
+The two character language translation codes are defined by ISO_639-1, as
+stated in the gettext(1) full manual, appendix A.1, Usual Language Codes.
+
+
+Contributing to an existing translation
+---------------------------------------
+As a contributor for a language XX, you should first check TEAMS file in
+this directory to see whether a dedicated repository for your language XX
+exists. Fork the dedicated repository and start to work if it exists.
+
+Sometime, contributors may find that the translations of their Git
+distributions are quite different with the translations of the
+corresponding version from Git official. This is because some Git
+distributions (such as from Ubuntu, etc.) have their own l10n workflow.
+For this case, wrong translations should be reported and fixed through
+their workflows.
+
+
+Creating a new language translation
+-----------------------------------
+If you are the first contributor for the language XX, please fork this
+repository, prepare and/or update the translated message file po/XX.po
+(described later), and ask the l10n coordinator to pull your work.
+
+If there are multiple contributors for the same language, please first
+coordinate among yourselves and nominate the team leader for your
+language, so that the l10n coordinator only needs to interact with one
+person per language.
+
+
+Translation Process Flow
+------------------------
+The overall data-flow looks like this:
+
+    +-------------------+            +------------------+
+    | Git source code   | ---(1)---> | L10n coordinator |
+    | repository        | <---(4)--- | repository       |
+    +-------------------+            +------------------+
+                                          |      ^
+                                         (2)    (3)
+                                          V      |
+                                     +------------------+
+                                     | Language Team XX |
+                                     +------------------+
+
+ * Translatable strings are marked in the source file.
+ * L10n coordinator pulls from the source (1)
+ * L10n coordinator updates the message template po/git.pot
+ * Language team pulls from L10n coordinator (2)
+ * Language team updates the message file po/XX.po
+ * L10n coordinator pulls from Language team (3)
+ * L10n coordinator asks the result to be pulled (4).
+
+
+Maintaining the po/git.pot file
+-------------------------------
 
-Generating a .pot file
-----------------------
+(This is done by the l10n coordinator).
 
 The po/git.pot file contains a message catalog extracted from Git's
-sources. You need to generate it to add new translations with
-msginit(1), or update existing ones with msgmerge(1).
+sources. The l10n coordinator maintains it by adding new translations with
+msginit(1), or update existing ones with msgmerge(1).  In order to update
+the Git sources to extract the messages from, the l10n coordinator is
+expected to pull from the main git repository at strategic point in
+history (e.g. when a major release and release candidates are tagged),
+and then run "make pot" at the top-level directory.
 
-Since the file can be automatically generated it's not checked into
-git.git. To generate it do, at the top-level:
+Language contributors use this file to prepare translations for their
+language, but they are not expected to modify it.
 
-    make pot
 
+Initializing a XX.po file
+-------------------------
 
-Initializing a .po file
------------------------
+(This is done by the language teams).
 
-To add a new translation first generate git.pot (see above) and then
-in the po/ directory do:
+If your language XX does not have translated message file po/XX.po yet,
+you add a translation for the first time by running:
 
     msginit --locale=XX
 
-Where XX is your locale, e.g. "is", "de" or "pt_BR".
+in the po/ directory, where XX is the locale, e.g. "de", "is", "pt_BR",
+"zh_CN", etc.
 
 Then edit the automatically generated copyright info in your new XX.po
 to be correct, e.g. for Icelandic:
@@ -46,21 +111,36 @@ just "Git":
 
     perl -pi -e 's/(?<="Project-Id-Version: )PACKAGE VERSION/Git/' XX.po
 
+Once you are done testing the translation (see below), commit the result
+and ask the l10n coordinator to pull from you.
+
+
+Updating a XX.po file
+---------------------
 
-Updating a .po file
--------------------
+(This is done by the language teams).
 
-If there's an existing *.po file for your language but you need to
-update the translation you first need to generate git.pot (see above)
-and then in the po/ directory do:
+If you are replacing translation strings in an existing XX.po file to
+improve the translation, just edit the file.
+
+If there's an existing XX.po file for your language, but the repository
+of the l10n coordinator has newer po/git.pot file, you would need to first
+pull from the l10n coordinator (see the beginning of this document for its
+URL), and then update the existing translation by running:
 
     msgmerge --add-location --backup=off -U XX.po git.pot
 
-Where XX.po is the file you want to update.
+in the po/ directory, where XX.po is the file you want to update.
+
+Once you are done testing the translation (see below), commit the result
+and ask the l10n coordinator to pull from you.
+
 
 Testing your changes
 --------------------
 
+(This is done by the language teams, after creating or updating XX.po file).
+
 Before you submit your changes go back to the top-level and do:
 
     make
@@ -75,6 +155,8 @@ with a newline or not.
 Marking strings for translation
 -------------------------------
 
+(This is done by the core developers).
+
 Before strings can be translated they first have to be marked for
 translation.
 
@@ -115,7 +197,7 @@ used:
 
 C:
 
- - Include builtin.h at the top, it'll pull in in gettext.h, which
+ - Include builtin.h at the top, it'll pull in gettext.h, which
    defines the gettext interface. Consult with the list if you need to
    use gettext.h directly.
 
@@ -169,7 +251,7 @@ Shell:
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettext "An error occured: \$details"; echo
+       eval_gettext "An error occurred: \$details"; echo
 
    In addition we have wrappers for messages that end with a trailing
    newline. I.e. you could write the above as:
@@ -179,7 +261,7 @@ Shell:
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettextln "An error occured: \$details"
+       eval_gettextln "An error occurred: \$details"
 
    More documentation about the interface is available in the GNU info
    page: `info '(gettext)sh'`. Looking at git-am.sh (the first shell
@@ -194,7 +276,7 @@ Perl:
 
        use Git::I18N;
        print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
-       printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+       printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
    Run `perldoc perl/Git/I18N.pm` for more info.
 
diff --git a/po/TEAMS b/po/TEAMS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56274ad4f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/TEAMS
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+Core Git translation language teams
+(please keep the list sorted alphabetically on language field)
+
+Language:	bg (Bulgarian)
+Repository:	https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po
+Leader:		Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>
+
+Language:	ca (Catalan)
+Repository:	https://github.com/alexhenrie/git-po
+Leader:		Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+
+Language:	de (German)
+Repository:	https://github.com/ralfth/git-po-de
+Leader:		Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>
+Members:	Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch>
+		Jan Krüger <jk@jk.gs>
+		Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de>
+		Phillip Szelat <phillip.szelat@gmail.com>
+		Matthias Rüster <matthias.ruester@gmail.com>
+		Magnus Görlitz <magnus.goerlitz@googlemail.com>
+
+Language:	fr (French)
+Repository:	https://github.com/jnavila/git
+Leader:		Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
+Members:	Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>
+
+Language:	is (Icelandic)
+Leader:		Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
+
+Language:	it (Italian)
+Repository:	https://github.com/quizzlo/git-po-it/
+Leader:		Marco Paolone <marcopaolone AT gmail.com>
+Members:	Stefano Lattarini <stefano.lattarini AT gmail.com>
+
+Language:	ko (Korean)
+Repository:	https://github.com/changwoo/git-l10n-ko/
+Leader:		Changwoo Ryu <cwryu@debian.org>
+
+Language:	pt_PT (Portuguese - Portugal)
+Repository:	https://github.com/marcomsousa/git-l10n-pt_PT/
+Leader:		Marco Sousa <marcomsousa AT gmail.com>
+
+Language:	ru (Russian)
+Repository:	https://github.com/DJm00n/git-po-ru/
+Leader:		Dimitriy Ryazantcev <DJm00n AT mail.ru>
+Members:	insolor <insolor AT gmail.com>
+
+Language:	sv (Swedish)
+Repository:	https://github.com/nafmo/git-l10n-sv/
+Leader:		Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+
+Language:	vi (Vietnamese)
+Repository:	https://github.com/vnwildman/git/
+Leader:		Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman AT gmail.com>
+Members:	Nguyễn Thái Ng�c Duy <pclouds AT gmail.com>
+
+Language:	zh_CN (Simplified Chinese)
+Repository:	https://github.com/jiangxin/git/
+Leader:		Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>
+Members:	Ray Chen <oldsharp@gmail.com>
diff --git a/po/bg.po b/po/bg.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce75f39936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/bg.po
@@ -0,0 +1,13139 @@
+# Bulgarian translation of git po-file.
+# Copyright (C) 2014, 2015 Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git package.
+# Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>, 2014, 2015.
+#
+# ========================
+# DICTIONARY TO MERGE IN GIT GUI
+# ------------------------
+# range интервал
+# unreachable object недо�тижим обект
+# dangling objects обект извън клон
+# fast-forward тривиално �ливане
+# stale remote �таро хранилище
+# rebase пребазирам
+# force (push) принудително изтла�квам
+# stash/index индек�
+# squash commits �мачкване на подавани�
+# root commit начално подаване
+# fixup вкарвам подаване в предното без �леда
+# remote-tracking branch �лед�щ клон
+# git bundle пратка на git
+# bisect двоично тър�ене
+# am прилагам поредица от кръпки
+# working directory/tree — винаги работно дърво, git �леди ц�лото дърво, а не директории, работна директори� за cwd
+# switch to branch преминавам към клон
+# sparse entry ча�тично изтеглена директори�/път
+# revision range диапазон на вер�иите
+# cover letter придружаващо пи�мо
+# reference repository еталонно хранилище
+# grafted repository хранилище � при�аждане
+# thin pack �ъкратен пакет
+# stat (a file) получавам информаци� чрез „stat“ (за файл)
+# mixed reset �ме�ено занул�ване (индек�а и указател� „HEAD“, без работното дърво)
+# soft reset меко занул�ване (�амо указател� „HEAD“, без индек�а и работното дърво)
+# hard reset пълно занул�ване (указател� „HEAD“, индек�а и работното дърво)
+# merge reset �л�то занул�ване (цели� индек� и отча�ти работното дърво — без файловете � промени между работното дърво и индек�а)
+# keep reset запазващо занул�ване (отча�ти индек�а и работното дърво — файловете � промени от подаването и „HEAD“)
+# commit-ish указател към подаване
+# sequence по�ледователно�т/поредица
+# whitespace symbol знаци за интервали
+# shortlog �ъкратени� журнал
+# backing store м��тото за �ъхранение
+# reject отхвърлено парче
+# topic branch тематичен клон
+# empty head връх без и�тори�
+# tree-ish указател към дърво
+# three-way merge тройно �ливане
+# dirty нечи�т, мръ�ен (файл, индек�)
+# fallback  резервен вариант
+# pathspec magic опци� за магиче�ки пътища
+# bitmap index индек� на база битови ма�ки
+# mark маркер
+# plumbing команди от �и�темно ниво
+# porcelain команди от потребител�ко ниво
+# pack [noun] пакетен файл - fixme in glossary
+# mainline базово подаване - при cherry-pick на merge - към ко� вер�и� да �е изчи�л�ва разликата
+# token лек�ема
+# trailer епилог/завършек на �ъобщение
+# cwd текуща работна директори�
+# untracked cache кеш за не�ледените файлове
+# broken/corrupt повреден
+# restore въз�танов�вам
+# precious objects repo хранилище � важни обекти
+# linked checkout �вързано изтегл�не
+# term управл�ваща дума (за git-bisect)
+# mergetag етикет при �ливане
+# delta - разлика, делта, обект-разлика
+# peeled tag - про�леден етикет - когато етикет �очи към друг етикет, а не подаване и про�лед�ваме подобно на �имволна връзка
+# strip - премахвам (за компонент при филтриране)
+# unrelated histories - незави�ими и�тории
+# ----
+# „$var“ - може да не �работва за shell  има gettext и eval_gettext - проверка - намират �е ле�но по „$
+# ========================
+# „“…— �≫�→
+#
+# consistency between stdout - standard output/ stdin - standard input/ stderr - standard error
+#
+#
+# ========================
+# RECHECK
+# ------------------------
+# FIXME
+# HEAD as a reference vs head of a branch
+# git update-index -h извежда �амо един ред, а не ц�лата помощ за опциите
+# git fetch --al работи подобно на --all
+# ========================
+# GENERATE STATS
+# ------------------------
+# grep ^#: bg.po | cut -c4- |tr ' ' '\n'| sed -e 's/:[0-9][0-9]*//'  -e 's%.*/%%' -e 's/[.][^.]*$//' > OUT
+# sort -u OUT > UNIQUE
+# for i in `cat UNIQUE`; do echo   `grep "^$i$" OUT | wc -l` $i ; done | sort -nr > STATS
+#
+# ========================
+# FIND NON FULLY TRANSLATED
+# ------------------------
+# msgattrib  --untranslated bg.po > untranslated.po
+# msgattrib  --only-fuzzy bg.po > fuzzy.po
+# msgcat.exe untranslated.po fuzzy.po > new.po
+# grep ^#: new.po | cut -c4- |tr ' ' '\n'| sed -e 's/:[0-9][0-9]*//'  -e 's%.*/%%' -e 's/[.][^.]*$//' | sort -u
+#
+# ========================
+# MOST IMPORTANT name asc ordering
+# ------------------------
+# add, blame, branch, checkout, clone, commit, common-cmds, config, diff, fetch, fsck, gc, git-rebase, git-stash, grep, log, mv, parse-options, push, reflog, remote, reset, revert, rm, wt-status
+#
+# ========================
+# IMPORTANT strings, name asc ordering
+# ------------------------
+# apply, archive, check-ignore, clean, date, describe, git-am, git-bisect, git-submodule, hash-object, init-db, ls-tree, merge, merge-base, merge-file, merge-recursive, name-rev, pathspec, show-ref, tag
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git master\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-05-29 15:23+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
+"Language: bg\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Под�казка: %.*s\n"
+
+# TRANSFER
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Редактирайте ги в работното дърво, и тогава ползвайте „git add/rm Ф�ЙЛ“\n"
+"за да отбележите коригирането им. След това извършете подаването."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "�е �те завършили �ливане. (Указател�т „MERGE_HEAD“ �ъще�твува)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "Промените тр�бва да �е подадат преди �ливане."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "Изход от програмата заради незавършено �ливане."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [ОПЦИЯ…] УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО [ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote ХР��ИЛИЩЕ [--exec КОМ��Д�] [ОПЦИЯ…] УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО "
+"[ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote ХР��ИЛИЩЕ [--exec КОМ��Д�] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "път�т „%s“ не �ъвпада � никой файл"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "ФОРМ�Т"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "ФОРМ�Т на архива"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "ПРЕФИКС"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "добав�не на този ПРЕФИКС към в�еки път в архива"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548 builtin/blame.c:2549
+#: builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987 builtin/fast-export.c:989
+#: builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100 builtin/ls-files.c:459
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "запазване на архива в този Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "изчитане на „.gitattributes“ в работната директори�"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "извеждане на архивираните файлове на �тандартната грешка"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "�амо �ъхранение без компре�иране"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "бързо компре�иране"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "добро компре�иране"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "извеждане на �пи�ъка � поддържаните формати"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "хранилище"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "изтегл�не на архива от отдалеченото ХР��ИЛИЩЕ"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "команда"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "път към отдалечената команда „git-upload-archive“"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Отрицателните шаблони �е игнорират в атрибутите на git.\n"
+"�ко ви тр�бва начална удивителна, ползвайте „\\!“."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"След корекци� на грешката, можете да обновите\n"
+"информаци�та за �ледени� клон чрез:\n"
+"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s"
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ не може да �лужи като източник за �об�твената �и �инхронизаци�."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ ще �леди клона „%s“ от отдалеченото хранилище „%s“ чрез "
+"пребазиране."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще �леди клона „%s“ от отдалеченото хранилище „%s“."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ ще �леди клона „%s“ от локалното хранилище чрез пребазиране."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще �леди клона „%s“ от локалното хранилище."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще �леди отдалечени� указател „%s“ чрез пребазиране."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще �леди отдалечени� указател „%s“."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще �леди локални� указател „%s“ чрез пребазиране."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще �леди локални� указател „%s“."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "�а�тройките за �ледени� клон не могат да бъдат запи�ани"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "��ма �ледене: дву�ми�лена информаци� за указател� „%s“"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "„%s“ не е позволено име за клон."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Вече �ъще�твува клон � име „%s“."
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Текущи�т клон не може да бъде принудително обновен."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Зададените на�тройки за �леденето �а грешни — началото „%s“ не е клон."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "за�вени�т отдалечен клон „%s“ не �ъще�твува"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"�ко и�кате да базирате работата �и на клон от отдалечено хранилище, може \n"
+"да �е наложи да изпълните „git fetch“, за да получите информаци�та за него.\n"
+"\n"
+"�ко и�кате да изтла�кате нов, локален клон, който да �леди отдалечен клон,\n"
+"може да използвате „git push -u“, за да на�троите към кой клон да �е "
+"изтла�ква."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "�еправилно име на обект: „%s“"
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Дву�ми�лено име на обект: „%s“"
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "�еправилно м��то за начало на клон: „%s“"
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ вече е изтеглен в „%s“"
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ на работното дърво „%s“ не е обновен"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не изглежда да е пратка на git вер�и� 2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "непозната заглавна ча�т: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е отвори"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "В хранилището лип�ват �ледните необходими подавани�:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно на�тройване на обхождането на вер�иите"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Пратката �ъдържа �ледни� указател:"
+msgstr[1] "Пратката �ъдържа �ледните %d указатели:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Пратката �ъдържа пълна и�тори�."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Пратката изи�ква �ледни� указател:"
+msgstr[1] "Пратката изи�ква �ледните %d указатели:"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Командата „git pack-objects“ не може да бъде �тартирана"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "Командата „git pack-objects“ не завърши у�пешно"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "Командата „git rev-list“ не завърши у�пешно"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr ""
+"указател�т „%s“ не е бил включен поради опциите зададени на „git rev-list“"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "непознат аргумент: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Създаването на празна пратка е невъзможно."
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "Командата „git index-pack“ не завърши у�пешно"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "неправилна �тойно�т за цв�т: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е анализира"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s не е подаване!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "паметта �върши"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "неправилен ред %d в на�тройката %s „%s“"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "неправилна чи�лова �тойно�т „%s“ за на�тройката „%s“ в %s „%s“: %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "неправилна чи�лова �тойно�т „%s“ за на�тройката „%s“: %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "домашната папка на потребител� не може да бъде открита: „%s“"
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "неправилно ниво на компре�иране: %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен режим за �ъздаването на обекти: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "неправилни на�тройки от командни� ред"
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "неочаквана грешка при изчитането на конфигурационните файлове"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "неразпозната �тойно�т „%s“ от командни� ред"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "неправилна на�тройка „%s“ във файла „%s“ на ред №%d"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "зададени �а н�колко �тойно�ти за „%s“"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е зададе да е „%s“"
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е премахне"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Командата „git rev-list“ не може да бъде изпълнена."
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "неу�пешен запи� на �пи�ъка � вер�иите"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "�тандартни�т вход на �пи�ъка � вер�иите не може да бъде затворен"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "в бъдещето"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu �екунда"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu �екунди"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu минута"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu минути"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu ча�"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu ча�а"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu ден"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu дена"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu �едмица"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu �едмици"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu ме�ец"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu ме�еца"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu година"
+msgstr[1] "%lu години"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %s и %lu ме�ец"
+msgstr[1] "преди %s и %lu ме�еца"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu година"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu години"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът � подредбата на �ъответ�тви�та „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Тър�ене на преименувани� на обекти �ъчетани � промени"
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  �еу�пешно разпознаване на „%s“ като процент-праг за �тати�тиката по "
+"директории\n"
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  �епознат параметър „%s“ за �тати�тиката по директории'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "�епозната �тойно�т „%s“ за на�тройката „diff.submodule“"
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Грешки в на�тройката „diff.dirstat“:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr ""
+"външната програма за разлики завърши неу�пешно. Спиране на работата при „%s“"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "Опци�та „--follow“ изи�ква точно един път"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"�еразпознат параметър към опци�та „--dirstat/-X“:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "�еразпознат параметър към опци�та „--submodule“: „%s“"
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "името и вер�и�та на �дрото не б�ха получени"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr ""
+"Кеша за не�ледените файлове е изключен на тази �и�тема или ме�тоположение."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "Програмата „gpg“ не може да бъде �тартирана."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "Програмата „gpg“ не прие подадените данни."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "Програмата „gpg“ не подпи�а данните."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "Програмата не у�п� да �ъздаде временни� файл „%s“"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "Програмата не у�п� да запише �амо�то�телни� подпи� в „%s“"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "„%s“: файлът �очен от „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да бъде получена информаци� чрез „stat“ за „%s“"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "„%s“: изчитането върна по-малко байтове от за�вените"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "налични команди на git от „%s“"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "команди на git от други директории от „$PATH“"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "Това �а най-че�то използваните команди на Git:"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"Изглежда, че „%s“ е команда на git, но т� не може да\n"
+"бъде изпълнена. Веро�тно пакетът „git-%s“ е повреден."
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Странно, изглежда, че на �и�темата ви н�ма нито една команда на git."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: Пробвахте да изпълните команда на Git на име „%s“, а такава "
+"не\n"
+"�ъще�твува. Изпълнението автоматично продължава, като �е �чита, че имате "
+"предвид „%s“"
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "�лед %0.1f �екунди…"
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: „%s“ не е команда на git. Погледнете изхода от „git --help“."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Команда � подобно име е:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Команди � подобно име �а:"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s — %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Файлът-ключалка „%s.lock“ не може да бъде �ъздаден: %s\n"
+"\n"
+"Изглежда, че и друг проце� на git е пу�нат в това хранилище, напр.\n"
+"редактор, �тартиран � „git commit“. Уверете �е, че в�ички подобни\n"
+"проце�и �а �прени и опитайте отново. �ко това не помогне, веро�тната\n"
+"причина е, че н�кой проце� на git в това хранилище е забил. За да\n"
+"продължите работа, ще тр�бва ръчно да изтриете файла:"
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "Файлът-ключалка „%s.lock“ не може да бъде �ъздаден: %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "кешът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "неу�пешно запи�ване на нови� индек�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(лошо подаване)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изпълнение на „addinfo_cache“ за път� „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "грешка при изграждане на дърветата"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "грешка при �ъздаването на път� „%s“%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „%s“, за да �е о�вободи м��то за поддиректори�\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": възможно е да има конфликт директори�/файл."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"преу�танов�ване на дей�твието, за да не �е изтрие не�ледени�т файл „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ (%s) не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ (%s) �е очакваше да е BLOB, а не е"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде отворена"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "неу�пешно �ъздаване на �имволната връзка „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"не е ��но какво да �е прави � обекта „%2$s“ (%3$s) � права за до�тъп „%1$06o“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно вътрешно �ливане"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е добави в базата � данни"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "в дървото има неподдържан вид обект"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"КО�ФЛИКТ (%s/изтриване): „%s“ е изтрит в %s, а „%s“ в %s. Вер�и� %s на „%s“ "
+"е о�тавена в дървото."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"КО�ФЛИКТ (%s/изтриване): „%s“ е изтрит в %s, а „%s“ в %s. Вер�и� %s на „%s“ "
+"е о�тавена в дървото: %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "преименуване"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "преименуван"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "„%s“ е директори� в „%s“, затова �е добав� като „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"КО�ФЛИКТ (преименуване/преименуване): „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в клон "
+"„%s“, а „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в „%s“/%s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (некоригиран конфликт)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"КО�ФЛИКТ (преименуване/преименуване): „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в клон "
+"„%s“, а „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Преименуване на „%s“ на „%s“, а „%s“ на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"КО�ФЛИКТ (преименуване/добав�не): „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в клон „%s“, а "
+"„%s“ е добавен в „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Добав�не на �лети� „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Добав�не като „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да �е прочете"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не е BLOB"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "пром�на"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "променен"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "�ъдържание"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "добав�не/добав�не"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Пре�качане на „%s“ (�лети�т резултат е идентичен �ъ� �егашни�)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "�втоматично �ливане на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "ПОДМОДУЛ"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "КО�ФЛИКТ (%s): Конфликт при �ливане на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "файл/директори�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "директори�/файл"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"КО�ФЛИКТ (%s): Съще�твува директори� на име „%s“ в „%s“. Добав�не на „%s“ "
+"като „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Добав�не на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Фатална грешка при �ливане, а такава не тр�бва да възниква!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Вече е обновено!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно �ливане на дърветата „%s“ и „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Път�т „%s“ не е обработен, това е грешка в Git, докладвайте � на "
+"разработчиците, като пратите е-пи�мо на адре�: „git@vger.kernel.org“."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Сливане:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "открит е %u общ предше�твеник:"
+msgstr[1] "открити �а %u общи предше�твеници:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "�ливането не върна подаване"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "�еу�пешен анализ на обекта „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Индек�ът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"�еинициализирано или нереферирано дърво за бележки не може да бъде подадено"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправилна �тойно�т за „notes.rewriteMode“: „%s“"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+"Бележките в „%s“ н�ма да бъдат презапи�ани, защото �а извън „refs/notes/“."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Зададена е лоша �тойно�т на променливата „%s“: „%s“"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да бъде анализиран"
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "…"
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "употреба: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "     или: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-ЧИСЛО"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилно име на обект „%s“"
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "�е могат да �е дадат права за запи� в директори�та „%s“ на групата"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "глобалните на�тройки за пътища „glob“ и „noglob“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"глобалната на�тройка за до�ловни пътища „literal“ е не�ъвме�тима � в�ички "
+"други глобални на�тройки за пътища"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "неправилен параметър за опци�та за магиче�ки пътища „prefix“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправилна �тойно�т за опци�та за магиче�ки пътища „%.*s“ в „%s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Знакът „)“ лип�ва в опци�та за магиче�ки пътища в „%s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Магиче�ките пътища „%c“ �а без реализаци� за „%s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: опциите „literal“ и „glob“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: „%s“ е извън хранилището"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Път�т „%s“ е в подмодула „%.*s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: магиче�ките пътища не �е поддържат от командата „%s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "път�т „%s“ е �лед �имволна връзка"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"�ищо не �е изключва от шаблоните за изключване.\n"
+"Това че�то �е �лучва, ако �те забравили да добавите „:/“ или „.“."
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "аргументът към опци�та „--pretty“ не може да �е анализира"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "дей�твието завърши"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"Зададена е неправилна �тойно�т на на�тройката „index.version“.\n"
+"Ще �е ползва вер�и� %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"Зададена е неправилна �тойно�т на променливата на �редата "
+"„GIT_INDEX_VERSION“.\n"
+"Ще �е ползва вер�и� %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде отворен за запи�"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "Указател�т „%s“ не може да бъде изтрит: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "Указателите не може да бъдат изтрити: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "Указател�т „%s“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "очакван формат: %%(color:ЦВЯТ)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "непознат цв�т: %%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "непознат формат: %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) не приема аргументи"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) не приема аргументи"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "очаква �е положителна �тойно�т за „contents:lines=%s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "непознат аргумент за %%(contents): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "непознат аргумент за %%(objectname): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "очакван формат: %%(align:ШИРОЧИ��,ПОЗИЦИЯ)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "непозната позици�: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "непозната широчина: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "непознат аргумент за %%(align): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "очаква �е положителна широчина � лек�емата „%%(align)“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "неправилно име на обект: „%.*s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "непознато име на обект: „%.*s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "грешка във форма̀та: лек�емата %%(end) е използвана без �ъответната �"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "неправилен низ за форматиране „%s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr "„:strip=“ изи�ква аргумент ц�ло, положително чи�ло"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "указател�т „%s“ не разполага � %ld компоненти за премахване (:strip)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "непознато „%.*s“, формат „%s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ лип�ва за „%s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "неу�пешно анализиране чрез „parse_object_buffer“ на „%s“ за „%s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "обект �ъ� �грешен формат при „%s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "игнориране на указател� � грешно име „%s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "игнориране на повредени� указател „%s“"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "грешка във форма̀та: лип�ва лек�емата %%(end)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "неправилно име на обект „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "�евъзможно е да �е до�тав�т едновременно и „%s“, и „%s“ към „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ обикновено �леди „%s“, а не „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ �леди както „%s“, така и „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Вътрешна грешка"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ не �очи към клон"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "н�ма клон на име „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "не е зададен клон-източник за клона „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "клонът-източник „%s“ не е �ъхранен като �лед�щ клон"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"лип�ва локален �лед�щ клон за ме�тоположението за изтла�кване „%s“ в "
+"хранилището „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "н�ма информаци� клонът „%s“ да �леди н�кой друг"
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "указател�т за изтла�кване на „%s“ не включва „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "указател�т за изтла�кване не включва цел („push.default“ е „nothing“)"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "про�тото (simple) изтла�кване не �ъответ�тва на една цел"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Този клон �леди „%s“, но �ледени�т клон е изтрит.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (за да коригирате това, използвайте „git branch --unset-upstream“)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Клонът е актуализиран към „%s“.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Клонът ви е � %2$d подаване пред „%1$s“.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Клонът ви е � %2$d подавани� пред „%1$s“.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (публикувайте локалните �и промени чрез „git push“)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Клонът ви е � %2$d подаване зад „%1$s“ и може да бъде тривиално �л�т.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Клонът ви е � %2$d подавани� зад „%1$s“ и може да бъде тривиално �л�т.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (обновете локални� �и клон чрез „git pull“)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Текущи�т клон �е е отделил от „%s“,\n"
+"двата имат �ъответно по %d и %d не�ъвпадащи подавани�.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Текущи�т клон �е е отделил от „%s“,\n"
+"двата имат �ъответно по %d и %d не�ъвпадащи подавани�.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (�лейте отдалечени� клон в локални� чрез „git pull“)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "Текущи�т клон е повреден"
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "Текущи�т клон „%s“ е без подавани� "
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "опциите „--first-parent“ и „--bisect“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно отвар�не на „/dev/null“"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изпълнение на dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "�ертификатът за изтла�кване не може да бъде подпи�ан"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "от�рещната �трана не поддържа изтла�кване � опци�та „--signed“"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"от�рещната �трана не поддържа изтла�кване � опци�та „--signed“, затова не �е "
+"използва �ертификат"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "получаващата �трана не поддържа изтла�кване � опци�та „--atomic“"
+
+# FIXME git add <path…> for consistence
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"�лед коригирането на конфликтите, отбележете �ъответните\n"
+"пътища � „git add ПЪТ…“ или „git rm ПЪТ…“."
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"�лед коригирането на конфликтите, отбележете �ъответните\n"
+"пътища � „git add ПЪТ…“ или „git rm ПЪТ…“, �лед което\n"
+"подайте резултата � командата „git commit'“."
+
+# FIXME - must be the same as Could not write to '%s' above
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Обработката на „%s“ не завърши у�пешно."
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Локалните ви промени ще бъдат презапи�ани при отбирането на подавани�."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Локалните ви промени ще бъдат презапи�ани при отм�ната на подавани�."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Подайте или �катайте промените, за да продължите"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: нови�т индек� не може да бъде запазен"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Подаването �очено от указател� „HEAD“ не може да бъде открито\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Дървото на кеша не може да бъде обновено\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ не може да бъде анализирано\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Родител�кото подаване „%s“ не може да бъде анализирано\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Индек�ът не е �л�т."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ е �ливане, но не е дадена опци�та „-m“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ н�ма родител %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "Указано е базово подаване, но подаването „%s“ не е �ливане."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: неразпозната �тойно�т за родител�кото подаване „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно извличане на �ъобщението за подаване на „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "подаването „%s“… не може да бъде отменено: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "подаването „%s“… не може да бъде приложено: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "зададено е празно множе�тво от подавани�"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: неу�пешно изчитане на индек�а"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: неу�пешно обнов�ване на индек�а"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "По време на „%1$s“ не може да �е извърши „%2$s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "%d-�т ред не може да �е анализира."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "�икое от подавани�та не може да �е разпознае."
+
+# FIXME Could not open %s. - full stop for consistence with next message
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е прочете."
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е отвори."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Файлът � опи�ание на пред�то�щите дей�тви� — „%s“ не може да �е ползва"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилен ключ: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилна �тойно�т за „%s“: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилно �ъдържание на файла � опции: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr ""
+"в момента вече �е извършва отбиране на подавани� или пребазиране на клона"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "използвайте „git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Директори�та за �еквен�ора „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Обработката на „%s“ не завърши у�пешно."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr ""
+"в момента не �е извършва отбиране на подавани� или пребазиране на клона"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "Подаването �очено от указател� „HEAD“ не може да бъде открито"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+"дей�твието не може да бъде преу�тановено, когато �те на клон, който тепърва "
+"пред�тои да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "неочакван край на файл"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+"запазени�т преди започването на отбирането файл за указател� „HEAD“ — „%s“ е "
+"повреден"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не може да �е форматира по подход�щи� начин."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: не може да �е отбере „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: неправилна вер�и�"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Първоначалното подаване не може да бъде отменено"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "При празен връх не могат да �е отбират подавани�"
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "Очаква �е вер�и� на хранилището на git <= %d, а не %d"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "открити �а непознати разширени� в хранилището:"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr ""
+"отме�тване преди кра� на пакетни� файл (възможно е индек�ът да е повреден)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr ""
+"отме�тване преди началото на индек�а на пакетни� файл „%s“ (възможно е "
+"индек�ът да е повреден)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr ""
+"отме�тване преди кра� на индек�а на пакетни� файл „%s“ (възможно е индек�ът "
+"да е отр�зан)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"При нормална работа Git никога не �ъздава указатели, които завършват � 40\n"
+"ше�тнаде�етични знака, защото �тандартно те ще бъдат пре�качани.\n"
+"Възможно е такива указатели да �а �ъздадени �лучайно. �апример:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $BRANCH $(git rev-parse…)\n"
+"\n"
+"където �тойно�тта на променливата на �редата BRANCH е празна, при което �е\n"
+"�ъздава подобен указател. Прегледайте тези указатели и ги изтрийте. Можете "
+"да\n"
+"�прете това �ъобщение като изпълните командата:\n"
+"„git config advice.objectNameWarning false“"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"�е�летите файлове „.gitmodules“ не могат да бъдат промен�ни. Първо "
+"коригирайте конфликтите"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Във файла „.gitmodules“ лип�ва раздел за директори� „path=%s“"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Запи�ът „%s“ във файла „.gitmodules“ не може да бъде променен"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Запи�ът „%s“ във файла „.gitmodules“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно добав�не на променени� файл „.gitmodules“ в индек�а"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "�а�тройката „submodule.fetchJobs“ не приема отрицателни �тойно�ти"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "�еправилна �тойно�т за „%s“"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изпълнение на завършващата команда „%s“"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилна �тойно�т „%s“ за на�тройката „%s“"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "�тойно�тта „%s“ �е повтар� в на�тройките"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "празна завършваща лек�ема в епилога „%.*s“"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "входни�т файл „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "от �тандартни� вход не може да �е чете"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "�е може да �е получи информаци� чрез „stat“ за „%s“"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "„%s“ не е обикновен файл"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "„%s“: н�ма права за запи�ване на файла"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "временни�т файл не може да �е отвори"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "временни�т файл не може да �е преименува на „%s“"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "Указател�т „%s“ не може да �е прочете."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Изтегл�нето ще презапише локалните промени на тези файлове:\n"
+"%%sПодайте или �катайте промените, за да преминете към нов клон."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Изтегл�нето ще презапише локалните промени на тези файлове:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Сливането ще презапише локалните промени на тези файлове:\n"
+"%%sПодайте или �катайте промените, за да �леете."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Сливането ще презапише локалните промени на тези файлове:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“ ще презапише локалните промени на тези файлове:\n"
+"%%sПодайте или �катайте промените, за да извършите „%s“."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“ ще презапише локалните промени на тези файлове:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Обнов�ването на тези директории ще изтрие не�ледените файлове в т�х:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Изтегл�нето ще изтрие тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%sПреме�тете ги или ги изтрийте, за да преминете на друг клон."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Изтегл�нето ще изтрие тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Сливането ще изтрие тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%sПреме�тете ги или ги изтрийте, за да �леете."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Сливането ще изтрие тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“ ще изтрие тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%sПреме�тете ги или ги изтрийте, за да извършите „%s“."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“ ще изтрие тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Изтегл�нето ще презапише тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%sПреме�тете ги или ги изтрийте, за да �мените клон."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Изтегл�нето ще презапише тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Сливането ще презапише тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%sПреме�тете ги или ги изтрийте, за да �леете."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Сливането ще презапише тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“ ще презапише тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%sПреме�тете ги или ги изтрийте, за да извършите „%s“."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“ ще презапише тези не�ледени файлове в работното дърво:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "Запи�ът за „%s“ �ъвпада � този за „%s“. �е може да �е при�вои."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Ча�тичното изтегл�не не може да бъде обновено: �ледните запи�и не �а "
+"актуални:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Обнов�ването на ча�тичното изтегл�не ще презапише тези файлове в работното "
+"дърво:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Обнов�ването на ча�тичното изтегл�не ще изтрие тези файлове в работното "
+"дърво:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "Преу�танов�ване на дей�твието\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Изтегл�не на файлове"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "неправилна �хема за адре� или �уфик�ът „://“ лип�ва"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "неправилна екранираща по�ледователно�т „%XX“"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "не е указана машина, а �хемата не е „file:“"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "при �хема „file:“ не можете да указвате номер на порт"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "неправилни знаци в името на машина"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "неправилен номер на порт"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "неправилна ча�т от път� „..“"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде отворен и за четене, и за запи�"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде отворен за запи�"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "файлът не може да бъде прочетен: „%s“"
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "н�ма до�тъп до „%s“"
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "текущата работна директори� е недо�тъпна"
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде отворен за запи�"
+
+# FIXME - must be the same as Could not write to '%s' above
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е затвори"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "�е�лети пътища:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (използвайте „git reset %s Ф�ЙЛ…“, за да извадите Ф�ЙЛа от индек�а)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rm --cached %s Ф�ЙЛ…“, за да извадите Ф�ЙЛа от индек�а)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git add Ф�ЙЛ…“, за да укажете разрешаването на конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git add/rm Ф�ЙЛ…“, �поред решението, което избирате за "
+"конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rm Ф�ЙЛ…“, за да укажете разрешаването на конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Промени, които ще бъдат подадени:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Промени, които не �а в индек�а за подаване:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git add Ф�ЙЛ…“, за да обновите �ъдържанието за подаване)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git add/rm Ф�ЙЛ…“, за да обновите �ъдържанието за подаване)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git checkout -- Ф�ЙЛ…“, за да отхвърлите промените в "
+"работното дърво)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (подайте или отхвърлете не�леденото или промененото �ъдържание в "
+"подмодулите)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git %s Ф�ЙЛ…“, за да определите какво включвате в подаването)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "изтрити в двата �луча�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "добавени от ва�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "изтрити от т�х:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "добавени от т�х:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "изтрити от ва�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "добавени и в двата �луча�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "променени и в двата �луча�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "грешка: �ъ�то�нието на пром�ната „%x“ не може да бъде обработено"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "нов файл:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "копиран:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "изтрит:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "променен:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "преименуван:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "�м�на на вида:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "непозната пром�на:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "не�л�т:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "нови подавани�, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "променено �ъдържание, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "не�ледено �ъдържание, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "грешка: �ъ�то�нието на пром�ната „%c“ не може да бъде обработено"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Подмодулите �а променени, но не �а обновени:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Промени в подмодулите за подаване:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"�е промен�йте горни� ред.\n"
+"В�ичко отдолу ще бъде изтрито."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "��кои пътища не �а �лети."
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и изпълнете „git commit“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "В�ички конфликти �а решени, но продължавате �ливането."
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (използвайте „git commit“, за да завършите �ливането)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "В момента прилагате поредица от кръпки чрез „git am“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Текущата кръпка е празна."
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и изпълнете „git am --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (използвайте „git am --skip“, за да пропу�нете тази кръпка)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git am --abort“, за да въз�тановите първоначални� клон)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "�е �а изпълнени команди."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "По�ледна изпълнена команда (изпълнена е общо %d команда):"
+msgstr[1] "По�ледна изпълнена команда (изпълнени �а общо %d команди):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  повече информаци� има във файла „%s“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "�е о�тават повече команди."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "Следваща команда за изпълнение (о�тава още %d команда):"
+msgstr[1] "Следваща команда за изпълнение (о�тават още %d команди):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rebase --edit-todo“, за да разгледате и редактирате)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "В момента пребазирате клона „%s“ върху „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "В момента пребазирате."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и използвайте „git rebase --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (използвайте „git rebase --skip“, за да пропу�нете тази кръпка)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rebase --abort“, за да въз�тановите първоначални� клон)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (в�ички конфликти �а коригирани: изпълнете „git rebase --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "В момента раздел�те подаване докато пребазирате клона „%s“ върху „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "В момента раздел�те подаване докато пребазирате."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (След като работното ви дърво �тане чи�то, използвайте „git rebase --"
+"continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"В момента редактирате подаване докато пребазирате клона „%s“ върху „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "В момента редактирате подаване докато пребазирате."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git commit --amend“, за да редактирате текущото подаване)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rebase --continue“, �лед като завършите промените �и)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "В момента отбирате подаването „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и изпълнете „git cherry-pick --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (в�ички конфликти �а коригирани, изпълнете „git cherry-pick --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git cherry-pick --abort“, за да отмените в�ички дей�тви� � "
+"отбиране)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "В момента отмен�те подаване „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и изпълнете „git revert --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (в�ички конфликти �а коригирани, изпълнете „git revert --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git revert --abort“, за да преу�тановите отм�ната на "
+"подаване)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "В момента тър�ите двоично, като �те �тартирали от клон „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "В момента тър�ите двоично."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git bisect reset“, за да �е върнете към първоначалното "
+"�ъ�то�ние и клон)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "�а клон "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "извършвате интерактивно пребазиране върху "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "извършвате пребазиране върху "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ не е �вързан и е при "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ не е �вързан и е отделѐн от "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Извън в�ички клони."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Първоначално подаване"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "�е�ледени файлове"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Игнорирани файлове"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Б�ха необходими %.2f �екунди за избро�ването на не�ледените файлове.\n"
+"Добав�нето на опци�та „-uno“ към командата „git status“, ще у�кори\n"
+"изпълнението, но не тр�бва да забрав�те ръчно да добав�те новите файлове.\n"
+"За повече подробно�ти погледнете „git status help“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "�е�ледените файлове не �а изведени%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (използвайте опци�та „-u“, за да изведете не�ледените файлове)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "��ма промени"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"към индек�а за подаване не �а добавени промени (използвайте „git add“ и/или "
+"„git commit -a“)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "към индек�а за подаване не �а добавени промени\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"към индек�а за подаване не �а добавени промени, но има нови файлове "
+"(използвайте „git add“, за да започне т�хното �ледене)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "към индек�а за подаване не �а добавени промени, но има нови файлове\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"лип�ват каквито и да е промени (�ъздайте или копирайте файлове и използвайте "
+"„git add“, за да започне т�хното �ледене)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "лип�ват каквито и да е промени\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"лип�ват каквито и да е промени (използвайте опци�та „-u“, за да �е изведат и "
+"не�ледените файлове)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "лип�ват каквито и да е промени, работното дърво е чи�то\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Първоначално подаване на клон"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (извън клон)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "изтрит"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "назад � "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "напред � "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изтриване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "неочакван изходен код при генериране на разлика: %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно обнов�ване на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "изтриване на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Промени, които и �лед обнов�ването на индек�а не �а добавени към него:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Индек�ът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен за запи�."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Кръпката не може да бъде запи�ана"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно редактиране на кръпка"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "�е може да �е получи информаци� чрез „stat“ за файла „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Празна кръпка, преу�танов�ване на дей�твието."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Кръпката „%s“ не може да бъде приложена"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Следните пътища ще бъдат игнорирани �поред н�кой от файловете „.gitignore“:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "пробно изпълнeние"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "повече подробно�ти"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "интерактивно отбиране на промени"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "интерактивен избор на парчета код"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "редактиране на текущата разлика и прилагане"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "добав�не и на иначе игнорираните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "обнов�ване на �ледените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "отбел�зване �амо на факта, че път�т ще бъде добавен по-къ�но"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "добав�не на в�ички промени в �ледените и не�ледените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"игнориране на пътищата, които �а изтрити от работното дърво (�ъщото като „--"
+"no-all“)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "без добав�не на нови файлове, �амо обнов�ване на индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"пре�качане на файловете, които не могат да бъдат добавени поради грешки"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+"проверка, че при пробно изпълнение в�ички файлове, дори и изтритите, �е "
+"игнорират"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Използвайте опци�та „-f“, за да ги добавите наи�тина.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно добав�не на файлове"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "опциите „-A“ и „-u“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "Опци�та „--ignore-missing“ е �ъвме�тима �амо � „--dry-run“"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "�ищо не е зададено и нищо не е добавено.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Веро�тно и�кахте да използвате „git add .“?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "файлът � индек�а е повреден"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "�ови�т индек� не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "�криптът за автор не може да �е анализира"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "„%s“ бе изтрит от куката „applypatch-msg“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Дадени�т входен ред е � неправилен формат: „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Бележката не може да �е копира от „%s“ към „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изпълнение на „fseek“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "кръпката „%s“ не може да �е анализира"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr ""
+"Само една �ери� кръпки от „StGIT“ може да бъде прилагана в даден момент"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "неправилна �тойно�т за време"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "неправилен ред за дата „Date“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "неправилно отме�тване на ча�ови� по��"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Форматът на кръпката не може да бъде определен."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "Кръпките не могат да бъдат разделени."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "индек�ът не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "След коригирането на този проблем изпълнете „%s --continue“."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr "�ко предпочитате да пре�кочите тази кръпка, изпълнете „%s --skip“."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr "За да �е върнете към първоначалното �ъ�то�ние, изпълнете „%s --abort“."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "Празна кръпка. Дали не е разделена погрешно?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "грешна идентично�т: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "подаването не може да бъде анализирано: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"В хранилището лип�ват необходимите обекти BLOB, за да �е премине към тройно "
+"�ливане."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Базовото дърво �е рекон�труира от информаци�та в индек�а…"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Кръпката не може да �е приложи към обектите BLOB в индек�а.\n"
+"Да не би да �те � редактирали на ръка?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Преминаване към прилагане на кръпка към базата и тройно �ливане…"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно �ливане на промените."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "Командата „git write-tree“ не у�п� да запише обект-дърво"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "прилагане върху празна и�тори�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "обектът за подаването не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "не може да �е продължи — „%s“ не �ъще�твува."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"За интерактивно изпълнение е необходимо �тандартни�т\n"
+"изход да е �вързан � терминал, а в момента не е."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Т�лото на кръпката за прилагане е:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr ""
+"Прилагане? „y“ — да/„n“ — не/„e“ — редактиране/„v“ — преглед/„a“ — приемане "
+"на в�ичко:"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"Индек�ът не е чи�т: кръпките не могат да бъдат приложени (замър�ени �а: %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "Прилагане: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Без промени — кръпката вече е приложена."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно прилагане на кръпка при %s %.*s“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "Дубликат на проблемната кръпка �е намира в: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Без промени — възможно е да не �те изпълнили „git add“.\n"
+"�ко н�ма друга пром�на за включване в индек�а, най-веро�тно н�ко� друга\n"
+"кръпка е довела до �ъщите промени и в такъв �лучай про�то пропу�нете тази."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Индек�ът в�е още �ъдържа не�лети промени.\n"
+"Възможно е да не �те изпълнили „git add“."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "„%s“ не е разпознат като обект."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "индек�ът не може да бъде изчи�тен"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Изглежда указател�т „HEAD“ е променен и не �очи към �ъщи� обект както по "
+"времето\n"
+"на по�ледното неу�пешно изпълнение на „git am“. Указател�т �е задава да �очи "
+"към\n"
+"„ORIG_HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилна �тойно�т за „--patch-format“: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [ОПЦИЯ…] [Ф�ЙЛ_С_ПОЩ�|ДИРЕКТОРИЯ_С_ПОЩ�]…"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [ОПЦИЯ…] (--continue | --quit | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "интерактивна работа"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "изо�тавена опци�, �ъще�твува по и�ториче�ки причини, нищо не прави"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "да �е преминава към тройно �ливане при нужда."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "без извеждане на информаци�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "добав�не на ред за подпи� „Signed-off-by“ в �ъобщението за подаване"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "прекодиране в UTF-8 (�тандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "подаване на опци�та „-k“ на командата „git-mailinfo“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "подаване на опци�та „-b“ на командата „git-mailinfo“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "подаване на опци�та „-m“ на командата „git-mailinfo“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr ""
+"подаване на опци�та „--keep-cr“ на командата „git-mailsplit“ за формат „mbox“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr ""
+"без подаване на опци�та „--keep-cr“ на командата „git-mailsplit“ незави�имо "
+"от „am.keepcr“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "пропу�кане на в�ичко преди реда за отр�зване"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "дей�твие"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "прекарване през „git-apply“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "��Ч�Л��_ДИРЕКТОРИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "път"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134 builtin/pull.c:193
+#: builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182 builtin/show-branch.c:645
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340 parse-options.h:132
+#: parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "БРОЙ"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "БРОЙ"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "ФОРМ�Т"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "формат на кръпките"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "избрано от ва� �ъобщение за грешка при прилагане на кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "продължаване на прилагането на кръпки �лед коригирането на конфликт"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "�иноними на „--continue“"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "пре�качане на текущата кръпка"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr ""
+"въз�танов�ване на първоначалното �ъ�то�ние на клона и преу�танов�ване на "
+"прилагането на кръпката."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "дата за подаване различна от първоначалната"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "използване на текущото време като това за автор"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "ИДЕ�ТИФИК�ТОР_��_КЛЮЧ"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "подпи�ване на подавани�та � GPG"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(ползва �е вътрешно за „git-rebase“)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Опциите „-b“/„--binary“ отдавна не прав�т нищо и\n"
+"ще бъдат премахнати в бъдеще. �е ги ползвайте."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изчитане на индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"предишната директори� за пребазиране „%s“ в�е още �ъще�твува, а е зададен "
+"файл „mbox“."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Открита е излишна директори� „%s“.\n"
+"Можете да � изтриете � командата „git am --abort“."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "В момента не тече операци� по коригиране и н�ма как да �е продължи."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [ОПЦИЯ…] [КРЪПК�…]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "непозната опци� за знаците за интервали „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "непозната опци� за игнориране на знаците за интервали „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Регул�рни�т израз за времето „%s“ не може за бъде компилиран"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "Регул�рни�т израз върна %d при подадена по�ледователно�т „%s“ на входа"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "Лип�ва име на файл на ред %d от кръпката"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: лош изход от командата „git-diff“ — на ред %2$d �е очакваше „/dev/"
+"null“, а бе получен „%1$s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: лош изход от командата „git-diff“ — на ред %d бе получено "
+"неправилно име на нов файл"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: лош изход от командата „git-diff“ — на ред %d бе получено "
+"неправилно име на �тар файл"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: лош изход от командата „git-diff“ — на ред %d �е очакваше „/dev/"
+"null“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "при повторното пребро�ване бе получен неочакван ред: „%.*s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "ча�т от кръпка без заглавна ча�т на ред %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"След �ъкращаването на %d-та ча�т от компонентите на път�, в заглавната ча�т "
+"на „git diff“ лип�ва информаци� за име на файл (ред: %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"След �ъкращаването на първите %d ча�ти от компонентите на път�, в заглавната "
+"ча�т на „git diff“ лип�ва информаци� за име на файл (ред: %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "нови�т файл зави�и от �тарото �ъдържание на файла"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "изтрити�т файл не е празен"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "грешка в кръпката на ред %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "нови�т файл „%s“ зави�и от �тарото �ъдържание на файла"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "изтрити�т файл „%s“ не е празен"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "� предупреждение: файлът „%s“ вече е празен, но не е изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "грешка в двоичната кръпка на ред %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "неразпозната двоичната кръпка на ред %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "кръпката е � изц�ло повредени данни на ред %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "�имволната връзка „%s“ не може да бъде прочетена"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен или прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "неправилно начало на ред: „%c“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] ""
+"%d-то парче код бе у�пешно приложено на ред %d (отме�тване от %d ред)."
+msgstr[1] ""
+"%d-то парче код бе у�пешно приложено на ред %d (отме�тване от %d реда)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr ""
+"Контек�тът е намален на (%ld/%ld) за прилагането на парчето код на ред %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"при тър�ене за:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "лип�ват данните за двоичната кръпка за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "двоичната кръпка не може да бъде приложена върху „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"двоичната кръпка за „%s“ води до неправилни резултати (очакваше �е SHA1: "
+"„%s“, а бе получено: „%s“)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "неу�пешно прилагане на кръпка: „%s:%ld“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е изтегли"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно прочитане на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "изчитане на „%s“ �лед про�лед�ване на �имволна връзка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "обектът � път „%s“ е преименуван или изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "„%s“ не �ъще�твува в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "„%s“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "„%s“ не �ъответ�тва на индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "изтриващата кръпка о�тав� файла непразен"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "„%s“: неправилен вид"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "„%s“ е от вид „%o“, а �е очакваше „%o“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилен път: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "„%s“: вече �ъще�твува в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "„%s“: вече �ъще�твува в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "новите права за до�тъп (%o) на „%s“ не �ъвпадат �ъ� �тарите (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+"новите права за до�тъп (%o) на „%s“ не �ъвпадат �ъ� �тарите (%o) на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "за�егнати�т файл „%s“ е �лед �имволна връзка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "Кръпката „%s“ не може да бъде приложена"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Провер�ване на кръпката „%s“…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "неу�пешно �ъздаване на запи� в кеша чрез „make_cache_entry“ за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е извади от индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "повредена кръпка за модула „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"не може да �е получи информаци� чрез „stat“ за ново�ъздадени� файл „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+"не може да �е за �ъздаде м��тото за �ъхранение на ново�ъздадени� файл „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "не може да �е добави запи� в кеша за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "затвар�не на файла „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да �е запише � режим на до�тъп „%o“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Кръпката „%s“ бе приложена чи�то."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "вътрешна грешка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Прилагане на кръпката „%%s“ � %d отхвърлено парче…"
+msgstr[1] "Прилагане на кръпката „%%s“ � %d отхвърлени парчета…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "�ъкращаване на името на файла � отхвърлените парчета на „ %.*s.rej“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "%d-то парче бе у�пешно приложено."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "%d-то парче бе отхвърлено."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "Пропу�ната кръпка: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "непознат вход"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "индек�ът не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "без прилагане на промените напа�ващи на дадени� път"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "прилагане на промените напа�ващи на дадени� път"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "премахване на този БРОЙ водещи елементи от пътищата в разликата"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "игнориране на редовете добавени от тази кръпка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "извеждане на �тати�тика на промените без прилагане на кръпката"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "извеждане на бро� на добавените и изтритите редове"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "извеждане на �тати�тика на входните данни без прилагане на кръпката"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "проверка дали кръпката може да �е приложи, без дей�твително прилагане"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "проверка дали кръпката може да бъде приложена към текущи� индек�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "прилагане на кръпката без пром�на на работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "прилагане на кръпка, ко�то промен� и файлове извън работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr ""
+"кръпката да бъде приложена. Опци�та �е комбинира � „--check“/„--stat“/„--"
+"summary“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "пробване � тройно �ливане, ако кръпката не може да �е приложи директно"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"�ъздаване на временен индек� на база на включената информаци� за индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "раздел�не на пътищата � нулеви� знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "да �е о�игури контек�т от поне такъв БРОЙ �ъвпадащи редове"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "за�ичане на нови или променени редове � грешки в знаците за интервали"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr ""
+"игнориране на промените в знаците за интервали при откриване на контек�та"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "прилагане на кръпката в обратна по�ока"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "без изи�кване на дори и един ред контек�т"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "о�тав�не на отхвърлените парчета във файлове � разширение „.rej“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на за�тъпващи �е парчета"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "пренебрегване на неправилно лип�ващ знак за нов ред в кра� на файл"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "без довер�ване на номерата на редовете в заглавните ча�ти на парчетата"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "добав�не на тази ��Ч�Л��_ДИРЕКТОРИЯ към имената на в�ички файлове"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "като „--3way“, но извън хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "като „--index“, но извън хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "като „--cached“, но извън хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "кръпката „%s“ не може да бъде отворена"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "пренебрегната е %d грешка в знаците за интервали"
+msgstr[1] "пренебрегнати �а %d грешки в знаците за интервали"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d ред добав� грешки в знаците за интервали."
+msgstr[1] "%d реда добав�т грешки в знаците за интервали."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "архивни�т файл „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "изходът не може да бъде прена�очен"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Лип�ва адре� за отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: очакваше �е „ACK“/„NAK“, а бе получен „EOF“"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: получен е „NACK“ — %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "отдалечена грешка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: протоколна грешка"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: очакваше �е изчи�тване на буферите чрез „flush“"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "извършване на „git bisect next“"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr ""
+"обнов�ване на указател� „BISECT_HEAD“ вме�то да �е използва текущото подаване"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОПЦИЯ_З�_ВЕРСИЯТ�…] [ВЕРСИЯ] [--] Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "ОПЦИИте_З�_ВЕРСИЯТ� �а документирани в ръковод�твото git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "�нотирани редове"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Извеждане на анотациите � намирането им, по�ледователно"
+
+# FIXME SHA-1 -> SHA1
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане на празни �уми по SHA1 за граничните подавани� (�тандартно опци�та "
+"е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"�ачалните подавани� да не �е �читат за гранични (�тандартно опци�та е "
+"изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Извеждане на �тати�тика за извършените дей�тви�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Принудително извеждане на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Извеждане на допълнителна информаци� за определ�нето на анотациите"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане на първоначалното име на файл (�тандартно това е автоматично)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане на първоначални�т номер на ред (�тандартно опци�та е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Извеждане във формат за по-нататъшна обработка"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане във формат за команди от потребител�ко ниво � информаци� на в�еки "
+"ред"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Използване на �ъщи� формат като „git-annotate“ (�тандартно опци�та е "
+"изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Извеждане на неформатирани времена (�тандартно опци�та е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Извеждане на пълните �уми по SHA1 (�тандартно опци�та е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Без име на автор и време на пром�на (�тандартно опци�та е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане на е-пощата на автора, а не името му (�тандартно опци�та е "
+"изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Без разлики в знаците за интервали"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Допълнителни изчи�лени� за по-добри резултати"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Изчитане на вер�иите от Ф�ЙЛ, а не чрез изпълнение на „git-rev-list“"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Използване на �ъдържанието на Ф�ЙЛа като крайно положение"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "напа�ване на редовете"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+"Тър�ене на копирани редове както в рамките на един файл, така и от един файл "
+"към друг"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+"Тър�ене на преме�тени редове както в рамките на един файл, така и от един "
+"файл към друг"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Информаци� �амо за редовете в интервала от n до m включително. Броенето "
+"започва от 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "преди 4 години и 11 ме�еца"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] [-l] [-f] ИМЕ_��_КЛО� [��Ч�ЛО]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] [-r] (-d | -D) ИМЕ_��_КЛО�…"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] (-m | -M) [СТ�Р_КЛО�] �ОВ_КЛО�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"изтриване на клона „%s“, който е �л�т към „%s“,\n"
+"         но още не е �л�т към върха „HEAD“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"отказване на изтриване на клона „%s“, който не е �л�т към\n"
+"         „%s“, но е �л�т към върха „HEAD“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Обектът-подаване за „%s“ не може да бъде открит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ не е �л�т напълно. �ко �те �игурни, че и�кате\n"
+"да го изтриете, изпълнете „git branch -D %s“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно обнов�ване на конфигурационни� файл"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "Опци�та „-a“ е не�ъвме�тима � опци�та „-d“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Обектът-подаване, �очен от указател� „HEAD“, не може да бъде открит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "�е можете да изтриете клона „%s“, който е изтеглен в път� „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "�лед�щи�т клон „%s“ не може да бъде открит."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "клонът „%s“ не може да бъде открит."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Грешка при изтриването на �лед�щи� клон „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Грешка при изтриването на клона „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Изтрит �лед�щ клон „%s“ (той �очеше към „%s“).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Изтрит клон „%s“ (той �очеше към „%s“).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: изтрит]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: назад � %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[назад � %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: напред � %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[напред � %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: напред � %d, назад � %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[напред � %d, назад � %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " ��� неправилен указател ���"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(извън клон, пребазиране на „%s“)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(извън клон, двоично тър�ене от „%s“)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(Указател�т „HEAD“ не е �вързан и е при „%s“)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ не е �вързан и е отделѐн от „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(извън клон)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ �е пребазира върху „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "Тър�и �е двоично в клона „%s“ при „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+"не можете да преименувате текущи� клон, защото �те извън който и да е клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправилно име на клон: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно преименуване на клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "�а клона � неправилно име „%s“ е дадено �лужебно име"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Клонът е преименуван на „%s“, но указател�т „HEAD“ не е обновен"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Клонът е преименуван, но конфигурационни�т файл не е обновен"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "шаблонът за опи�ание на клон не бе запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Общи на�тройки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на хеша и темата. Повтар�нето на опци�та прибав� отдалечените клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "без информационни �ъобщени�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "задаване на режима на �ледене (виж git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "�м�на на �ледени� клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "клон-източник"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "�м�на на клона-източник"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "цветен изход"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "дей�твие върху �лед�щите клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на клоните, които �ъдържат това ПОД�В��Е"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Специални дей�тви� на „git-branch“:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "извеждане както на �лед�щите, така и на локалните клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "изтриване на клони, които �а напълно �лети"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "изтриване и на клони, които не �а напълно �лети"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr ""
+"преме�тване/преименуване на клон и принадлежащи�т му журнал на указателите"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "преме�тване/преименуване на клон, дори ако има вече клон � такова име"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "извеждане на имената на клоните"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на журнала на указателите на клона"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "редактиране на опи�анието на клона"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "принудително �ъздаване, преме�тване, преименуване, изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на �летите клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на не�летите клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "извеждане по колони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "КЛЮЧ"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "име на полето, по което да е подредбата"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "ОБЕКТ"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на клоните на ОБЕКТ�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "�е може да �е открие към какво �очи указател�т „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "В директори�та „refs/heads“ лип�ва файл „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "Опциите „--column“ и „--verbose“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "�еобходимо е име на клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "�е може да зададете опи�ание на „HEAD“ извън клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "�е може да редактирате опи�анието на повече от един клон едновременно"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "В клона „%s“ в�е още н�ма подавани�."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Лип�ва клон на име „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "Прекалено много клони за преименуване"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "Зададени �а прекалено много клони за �ледене"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Следеното от „HEAD“ не може да �е зададе да е „%s“, защото то не �очи към "
+"никой клон."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "��ма клон на име „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "�е �ъще�твува клон на име „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "Прекалено много клони за махане на �ледене"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Следеното от „HEAD“ не може да махне, защото то не �очи към никой клон."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "��ма информаци� клонът „%s“ да �леди н�кой друг"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "��ма никакъв �ми�ъл ръчно да �ъздавате „HEAD“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr "Опциите „-a“ и „-r“ на „git branch“ �а не�ъвме�тими � име на клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Опци�та „--set-upstream“ вече е о�тар�ла и пред�тои да бъде махната. "
+"Използвайте „--track“ или „--set-upstream-to“\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"За да накарате „%s“ да �леди „%s“, изпълнете �ледната команда:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "Пратката „%s“ е наред\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "За �ъздаването на пратка е необходимо хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "За приемането на пратка е необходимо хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type] | -s [--allow-unknown-type] | -e | -"
+"p | ВИД | --textconv) ОБЕКТ"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr ""
+"ВИДът може да е: „blob“ (обект BLOB), „tree“ (дърво), „commit“ (подаване), "
+"„tag“ (етикет)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "извеждане на вида на обект"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "извеждане на размера на обект"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "изход � 0, когато н�ма грешка"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "форматирано извеждане на �ъдържанието на обекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr ""
+"да �е �тартира програмата зададена в на�тройката „textconv“ за преобразуване "
+"на �ъдържанието на обекта BLOB"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на опциите „-s“ и „-t“ да работ�т � повредени обекти"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "буфериране на изхода от „--batch“"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на информаци� и �ъдържание на обектите подадени на �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "извеждане на информаци� за обектите подадени на �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr ""
+"�ледване на �имволните връзки �очещи в дървото (ползва �е � „--batch“ или „--"
+"batch-check“)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "извеждане на в�ички обекти � „--batch“ или „--batch-check“"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | �ТРИБУТ…] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | �ТРИБУТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "извеждане на в�ички атрибути, зададени върху файл"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "използване на файла „.gitattributes“ �амо от индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "изчитане на имената на файловете от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "раздел�не на входните и изходните запи�и � нулеви� знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "без показване на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "извеждане на не�ъвпадащите пътища"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "пре�качане на индек�а при проверката"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "опци�та „--stdin“ е не�ъвме�тима � имена на пътища"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "опци�та „-z“ изи�ква „--stdin“"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "не е зададен път"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "опци�та „--quiet“ изи�ква да е подаден точно един път"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "опциите „--quiet“ и „--verbose“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "опци�та „--non-matching“ изи�ква „--verbose“"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [ОПЦИЯ…] КО�Т�КТ…"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "четене на контакти и от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "контактът не може да бъде анализиран: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "не �а указани контакти"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] [Ф�ЙЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "етапът тр�бва да е „1“, „2“, „3“ или „all“ (в�ички)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "изтегл�не на в�ички файлове в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "презапи�ване на файловете, дори и да �ъще�твуват"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "без предупреждени� при лип�ващи файлове и файлове не в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "без изтегл�не на нови файлове"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "обнов�ване на информаци�та получена чрез „stat“ за файловете в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "изчитане на пътищата от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "запи�ване на �ъдържанието във временни файлове"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "�ИЗ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "при �ъздаването на нови файлове да �е добав� префик�а �ИЗ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "копиране на файловете от това �ъ�то�ние на �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [ОПЦИЯ…] КЛО�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [ОПЦИЯ…] [КЛО�] -- Ф�ЙЛ…"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "вашата вер�и� лип�ва в път� „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "чуждата вер�и� лип�ва в път� „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "н�ко� от необходимите вер�ии лип�ва в път� „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "н�ко� от необходимите вер�ии лип�ва в път� „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "път�т „%s“ не може да бъде �л�н"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Резултатът за „%s“ не може да бъде �л�н"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "Опци�та „%s“ е не�ъвме�тима � обнов�ването на пътища"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "Опци�та „%s“ е не�ъвме�тима � „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"�евъзможно е едновременно да обнов�вате пътища и да преминете към клона „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "повреден файл на индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "път�т „%s“ не е �л�т"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "първо тр�бва да коригирате индек�а �и"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "Журналът на указателите за „%s“ не може да �е про�леди: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ в момента �очи към"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ не може да бъде обновен"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Занул�ване на клона „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Вече �те на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Преминаване към клона „%s“ и занул�ване на промените\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Преминахте към нови� клон „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Преминахте към клона „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr "… и още %d.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: изо�тав�те %d подаване, което не е �вързано към никой клон:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: изо�тав�те %d подавани�, които не �а �вързани към никой "
+"клон:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"�ко в�е пак и�кате да запазите тази пром�на чрез �ъздаване на клон,\n"
+"�ега е най-подход�щи�т за това чрез командата:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch ИМЕ_��_�ОВИЯ_КЛО� %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"�ко в�е пак и�кате да запазите тези промени чрез �ъздаване на клон,\n"
+"�ега е най-подход�щи�т за това чрез командата:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch ИМЕ_��_�ОВИЯ_КЛО� %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "вътрешна грешка при обхождането на вер�иите"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Преди това „HEAD“ �очеше към"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "В момента �те на клон, който пред�тои да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "очакваше �е един указател, а �те подали %d."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен указател: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "указател�т не �очи към обект-дърво: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "задаването на път е не�ъвме�тимо � преминаването от един клон към друг"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "опци�та „%s“ е не�ъвме�тима � преминаването от един клон към друг"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "опци�та „%s“ е не�ъвме�тима � „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"За да преминете към клон, подайте указател, който �очи към подаване. „%s“ не "
+"е такъв"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "�ъздаване и преминаване към нов клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "�ъздаване/занул�ване на клон и преминаване към него"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на журнал на указателите за нов клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "отдел�не на указател� „HEAD“ към указаното подаване"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "задаване на кой клон бива �леден при �ъздаването на нови� клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "�ОВ_КЛО�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "нов клон без родител"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "изтегл�не на вашата вер�и� на не�летите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "изтегл�не на чуждата вер�и� на не�летите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "принудително изтегл�не (вашите промени ще бъдат занулени)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "извършване на тройно �ливане � нови� клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "обнов�ване на игнорираните файлове (�тандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "СТИЛ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "дей�твие при конфликт (�ливане или тройна разлика)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "без ограничаване на изброените пътища �амо до ча�тично изтеглените"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr ""
+"опит за отгатване на име на клон �лед неу�пешен опит � „git checkout "
+"�ЕСЪЩЕСТВУВ�Щ_КЛО�“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr "без проверка дали друго работно дърво държи указател�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "извеждане на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Опциите „-b“, „-B“ и „--orphan“ �а не�ъвме�тими една � друга"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "опци�та „--track“ изи�ква име на клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Лип�ва име на клон, използвайте опци�та „-b“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "указан е неправилен път"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"�е можете едновременно да обнов�вате пътища и да преминете към клона „%s“.\n"
+"Дали не и�кате да изтеглите „%s“, който не �очи към подаване?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: опци�та „--detach“ не приема аргумент-път „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: опциите „--ours“/„--theirs“, „--force“ и „--merge“\n"
+"�а не�ъвме�тими � изтегл�не от индек�а."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e Ш�БЛО�] [-x | -X] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ ще бъде изтрит\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Пре�качане на хранилището „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Хранилището „%s“ ще бъде пре�кочено\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Под�казка:\n"
+"1          — избор на обект �поред реда\n"
+"ПРЕФИКС    — избор на един�твен обект по този уникален префик�\n"
+"           — (празно) нищо да не �е избира"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Под�казка:\n"
+"1          — избор на един обект\n"
+"3-5        — интервал за избор на обекти\n"
+"2-3,6-9    — множе�тво интервали за избор на обекти\n"
+"ПРЕФИКС    — избор на един�твен обект по този уникален префик�\n"
+"-…         — отм�на на избора на обекти\n"
+"*          — избиране на в�ички обекти\n"
+"           — (празно) завършване на избирането"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "�еправилен избор (%s). Изберете отново."
+
+# FIXME - should we use >> or sth else
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Шаблони за игнорирани елементи≫ "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: �икой обект не напа�ва на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Избиране на обекти за изтриване"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Да �е изтрие ли „%s“? „y“ —  да, „N“ — �Е"
+
+# FIXME improve message
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Изход."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               — начало на изчи�тването\n"
+"filter by pattern   — шаблон за обекти, които да не �е три�т\n"
+"select by numbers   — номера на обекти, които да �е три�т\n"
+"ask each            — потвърждаване на в��ко изтриване (подобно на „rm -i“)\n"
+"quit                — край на изчи�тването\n"
+"help                — този край\n"
+"?                   — под�казка за шаблоните"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "��� Команди ���"
+
+# FIXME improve message
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Избор на �ледващо дей�твие"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Следни�т обект ще бъде изтрит:"
+msgstr[1] "Следните обекти ще бъдат изтрити:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Файловете за изчи�тване �вършиха. Изход от програмата."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "без извеждане на имената на файловете, които ще бъдат изтрити"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "принудително изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "интерактивно изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "изтриване на цели директории"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "Ш�БЛО�"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "добав�не на Ш�БЛО� от файлове, които да не �е три�т"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "изтриване и на игнорираните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "изтриване �амо на игнорирани файлове"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "опциите „-x“ и „-X“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"�а�тройката „clean.requireForce“ е зададена като и�тина, което изи�ква н�ко� "
+"от опциите „-i“, „-n“ или „-f“. ��ма да �е извърши изчи�тване"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"�а�тройката „clean.requireForce“ не е зададена, но �тандартно е и�тина, "
+"което изи�ква н�ко� от опциите „-i“, „-n“ или „-f“. ��ма да �е извърши "
+"изчи�тване"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ХР��ИЛИЩЕ [ДИРЕКТОРИЯ]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "без �ъздаване на работно дърво"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на голо хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr ""
+"�ъздаване на хранилище-огледало (включва опци�та „--bare“ за голо хранилище)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "клониране от локално хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "без твърди връзки, файловете винаги да �е копират"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "на�тройване за �поделено хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "инициализиране на подмодулите при това клониране"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "брой подмодули, клонирани паралелно"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "директори� � шаблони"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "директори�, ко�то �ъдържа шаблоните, които да �е ползват"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "еталонно хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "опци�та „--reference“ може да �е използва �амо при клониране"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "използване на това ИМЕ вме�то „origin“ при про�лед�ване на клони"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "изтегл�не на този КЛО�, а не �очени�т от отдалечени� указател „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "път към командата „git-upload-pack“ на отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667 builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "ДЪЛБОЧИ��"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "плитко клониране до тази ДЪЛБОЧИ��"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr ""
+"клониране �амо на един клон — или �очени� от отдалечени� „HEAD“, или изрично "
+"зададени� � „--branch“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "в�ички клонирани подмодули ще �а плитки"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "СЛУЖЕБ��_ДИРЕКТОРИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "отделна СЛУЖЕБ��_ДИРЕКТОРИЯ за git извън работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "КЛЮЧ=СТОЙ�ОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "задаване на на�тройките на новото хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "�амо адре�и IPv4"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "�амо адре�и IPv6"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"Името на директори�та не може да бъде отгатнато.\n"
+"Задайте директори�та изрично на командни� ред"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr "в�е още не �е поддържа еталонно хранилище „%s“ като �вързано."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "еталонното хранилище „%s“ не е локално"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "еталонното хранилище „%s“ е плитко"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "еталонното хранилище „%s“ е � при�аждане"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "„%s“ �ъще�твува и не е директори�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "не може да бъде получена информаци� чрез „stat“ за „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "връзката „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът не може да бъде копиран като „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "дей�твието завърши.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Клонирането бе у�пешно за разлика от подготовката на работното дърво\n"
+"за определен клон. В�е пак можете да проверите кои файлове и от кой\n"
+"клон в момента �а изтеглени � командата „git status“. Можете да\n"
+"завършите изтегл�нето на клона � командата „git checkout -f HEAD“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ от отдалеченото хранилище, което клонирате,\n"
+"и който �ледва да бъде изтеглен, не �ъще�твува."
+
+# FIXME translator note that the space at end is necesssary
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Проверка на връзката… "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "отдалеченото хранилище не изпрати в�ички необходими обекти."
+
+# FIXME merge with next?
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да бъде обновен"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"указател�т „HEAD“ от отдалеченото хранилище �очи към нещо,\n"
+"което не �ъще�твува. �е може да �е изтегли определен клон.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "работното дърво не може да бъде подготвено"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "на�тройките не могат да бъдат запи�ани в конфигурационни� файл"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "не може да �е извърши пакетиране за изчи�тване на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "временни�т файл за алтернативни обекти не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Прекалено много аргументи."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Тр�бва да укажете кое хранилище и�кате да клонирате."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "опциите „--bare“ и „--origin %s“ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "опциите „--bare“ и „--separate-git-dir“ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "не �ъще�твува хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "дълбочината тр�бва да е положително ц�ло чи�ло, а не „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "целеви�т път „%s“ �ъще�твува и не е празна директори�."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "в „%s“ вече �ъще�твува работно дърво."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "родител�ките директории на „%s“ не могат да бъдат �ъздадени"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "работното дърво в „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадено."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Клониране и �ъздаване на голо хранилище в „%s“…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Клониране и �ъздаване на хранилище в „%s“…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+"При локално клониране опци�та „--depth“ �е игнорира. Ползвайте �хемата "
+"„file://“."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "клонираното хранилище е плитко, затова опци�та „--local“ �е игнорира"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "опци�та „--local“ �е игнорира"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "�е �е поддържа клониране на връзки от вида „%s“ "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Отдалечени�т клон „%s“ лип�ва в клонираното хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Изглежда клонирахте празно хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "извеждане на на�тройките"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "как да �е подреди резултата"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Мак�имална широчина"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Поле в знаци отл�во"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Поле в знаци отд��но"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Поле в знаци между колоните"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "опци�та „--command“ тр�бва да е първи�т аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Името и адре�ът за е-поща �а на�троени автоматично на базата на името на\n"
+"потребител� и името на машината. Проверете дали �а верни. Можете да �прете\n"
+"това �ъобщение като изрично зададете �тойно�тите. Изпълнете �ледната "
+"команда\n"
+"и �ледвайте ин�трукциите в тек�тови� ви редактор, за да редактирате\n"
+"конфигурационни� файл:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"След като направите това, можете да коригирате информаци�та за автора на\n"
+"текущото подаване чрез:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Името и адре�ът за е-поща �а на�троени автоматично на базата на името на\n"
+"потребител� и името на машината. Проверете дали �а верни. Можете да �прете\n"
+"това �ъобщение като изрично зададете �тойно�тите:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Вашето Име\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email пенчо@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"След като направите това, можете да коригирате информаци�та за автора на\n"
+"текущото подаване чрез:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Пои�кахте да поправите по�ледното �и подаване. Това дей�твие ще превърне\n"
+"подаването в празно. Можете или да го повторите като разрешите такива "
+"подавани�\n"
+"� опци�та „--allow-empty“, или да го изтриете от и�тори�та � командата:\n"
+"„git reset HEAD^“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Предишното отбрано подаване вече е празно, като най-веро�тната причина е\n"
+"корекци� на конфликт. �ко в�е пак и�кате да го ползвате, използвайте "
+"командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "В противен �лучай използвайте командата „git reset“\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�ко и�кате да пре�кочите това подаване, използвайте командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Чрез командата „git cherry-pick --continue“ ще продължите отбирането на\n"
+"о�таналите подавани�.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "върховото дърво (HEAD tree object) не може да бъде извадено от пакет"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "временни�т индек� не може да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно интерактивно добав�не"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "временни�т индек� не може да бъде обновен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Дървото на о�новни� кеш не може да бъде обновено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "нови�т индек� не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "по време на �ливане не може да �е извърши ча�тично подаване."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "по време на отбиране не може да �е извърши ча�тично подаване."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "индек�ът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "временни�т индек� не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "заглавната ча�т за автор в подаването „%s“ лип�ва"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "заглавната ча�т за автор в подаването „%s“ е неправилна"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "неправилен параметър към опци�та „--author“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен формат на дата: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"не може да �е избере знак за коментар — в текущото �ъобщение за подаване �а "
+"използвани в�ички подобни знаци"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "�ледното подаване не може да бъде открито: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(изчитане на �ъобщението за подаване от �тандартни� вход)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "�ъобщението за подаване не бе прочетено �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът �ъ� �ъобщението за подаване „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "�ъобщението за �мачкване SQUASH_MSG не може да бъде прочетено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "�ъобщението за �ливане MERGE_MSG не може да бъде прочетено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "шаблонът за подаване не може да бъде запазен"
+
+# FIXME
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Изглежда, че подавате �ливане. �ко това не е така, изтрийте файла:\n"
+"\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"и опитайте отново.\n"
+
+# FIXME
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Изглежда, че извършвате отбрано подаване. �ко това не е така, изтрийте "
+"файла:\n"
+"\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"и опитайте отново.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Въведете �ъобщението за подаване на промените. Редовете, които започват\n"
+"� „%c“, ще бъдат пропу�нати, а празно �ъобщение преу�танов�ва подаването.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Въведете �ъобщението за подаване на промените. Редовете, които започват\n"
+"� „%c“, �ъщо ще бъдат включени — може да ги изтриете вие. Празно \n"
+"�ъобщение преу�танов�ва подаването.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%s�втор:   %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sДата:    %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sПодаващ: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Индек�ът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Грешка при изграждане на дърветата"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Подайте �ъобщението � н�ко� от опциите „-m“ или „-F“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"Опци�та „--author '%s'“ не отговар� на форма̀та „Име <е-поща>“ и не �ъвпада � "
+"никой автор"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправилна �тойно�т за не�ледените файлове: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "Опциите „--long“ и „-z“ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Опциите „--reset-author“ и „--author“ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "��ма какво да бъде поправено."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "В момента �е извършва �ливане, не можете да поправ�те."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "В момента �е извършва отбиране на подаване, не можете да поправ�те."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Опциите „--squash“ и „--fixup“ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Опциите „-c“, „-C“, „-F“ и „--fixup““ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Опци�та „-m“ е не�ъвме�тима � „-c“, „-C“, „-F“ и „--fixup“."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Опци�та „--reset-author“ може да �е използва �амо заедно � „-C“, „-c“ или\n"
+"„--amend“."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Опциите „--include“, „--only“, „--all“, „--interactive“ и „--patch“ �а\n"
+"не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Опциите „--include“ и „--only“ изи�кват аргументи."
+
+# FIXME bad message
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr ""
+"Чуде�но �те �е �етили как да поправите �ъобщението на по�ледното подаване "
+"при\n"
+"променен индек�. Споделете и � друг потребител трика � „git commit --amend -"
+"o“."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+"Зададени �а изрични пътища без опциите „-i“ или „-o“. Приема �е, че в�е едно "
+"�те\n"
+"ползвали опци�та „--only“ � ПЪТища…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "�е�ъще�твуващ режим на изчи�тване „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Опци�та „-a“ е не�ъвме�тима �ъ� задаването на пътища."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "кратка информаци� за �ъ�то�нието"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "информаци� за клоните"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "формат на изхода за четене от програма"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "подробна информаци� за �ъ�то�нието (�тандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "раздел�не на елементите � нулеви� знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "РЕЖИМ"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на не�ледените файлове. Възможните РЕЖИМи �а „all“ (подробна "
+"информаци�), „normal“ (кратка информаци�), „no“ (без не�ледените файлове). "
+"Стандартни�т РЕЖИМ е: „all“."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "извеждане на игнорираните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "КОГ�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"игнориране на промените в подмодулите. Опци� � незадължителна �тойно�т — "
+"една от „all“ (в�ички), „dirty“ (тези � неподадени промени), "
+"„untracked“ (не�ледени)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "извеждане на не�ледените файлове в колони"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "току що �ъздаденото подаване не може да бъде открито"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "току що �ъздаденото подаване не може да бъде анализирано"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "не�вързан връх „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (начално подаване)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "без информаци� �лед у�пешно подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "добав�не на разликата към шаблона за �ъобщението при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Опции за �ъобщението при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "взимане на �ъобщението от Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "�ВТОР"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "задаване на �ВТОР за подаването"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "Д�Т�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "задаване на Д�Т� за подаването"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "ПОД�В��Е"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "преизползване и редактиране на �ъобщението от указаното ПОД�В��Е"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "преизползване на �ъобщението от указаното ПОД�В��Е"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"използване на автоматичното �ъобщение при �мачкване за вкарване на указаното "
+"ПОД�В��Е в предното без �леда"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"използване на автоматичното �ъобщение при �мачкване за �мачкване на "
+"указаното ПОД�В��Е в предното"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+"�м�на на автора да �ъвпада � подаващи� (използва �е � „-C“/„-c“/„--amend“)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "добав�не на поле за подпи� — „Signed-off-by:“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "използване на указани� шаблонен Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "редактиране на подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "�тандартно"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "кои празни знаци и #коментари да �е махат от �ъобщени�та"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "вмъкване на �ъ�то�нието в шаблона за �ъобщението при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "подпи�ване на подаването � GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Опции за избор на файлове при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "подаване на в�ички променени файлове"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "добав�не на указаните файлове към индек�а за подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "интерактивно добав�не на файлове"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "интерактивно добав�не на промени"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "подаване �амо на указаните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "без изпълнение на куката преди подаване (pre-commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "отпечатване на това, което би било подадено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "поправ�не на предишното подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "без изпълнение на куката �лед презапи�ване (post-rewrite)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на празни подавани�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на подавани� � празни �ъобщени�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "върховото подаване „HEAD“ не може да бъде прочетено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Повреден файл за върха за �ливането „MERGE_HEAD“ (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "режимът на �ливане „MERGE_MODE“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "�ъобщението за подаване не може да бъде прочетено: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "�еизвършване на подаване поради нередактирано �ъобщение.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "�еизвършване на подаване поради празно �ъобщение.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Хранилището е обновено, но нови�т файл за индек� „new_index“\n"
+"не е запи�ан. Проверете дали ди�кът не е препълнен или не �те\n"
+"превишили ди�ковата �и квота. След това изпълнете „git reset HEAD“."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Ме�тоположение на конфигурационни� файл"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "използване на глобални� конфигурационен файл"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "използване на �и�темни� конфигурационен файл"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "използване на конфигурационни� файл на хранилището"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "използване на зададени� конфигурационен Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "ИДЕ�ТИФИК�ТОР"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr ""
+"изчитане на конфигураци�та от BLOB � този ИДЕ�ТИФИК�ТОР на �ъдържанието"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Дей�твие"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "извеждане на �тойно�т: ИМЕ [РЕГУЛЯРЕ�_ИЗР�З_З�_СТОЙ�ОСТТ�]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "извеждане на в�ички �тойно�ти: ключ [РЕГУЛЯРЕ�_ИЗР�З_З�_СТОЙ�ОСТТ�]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на �тойно�тите за РЕГУЛЯР�и�_ИЗР�З: РЕГУЛЯРЕ�_ИЗР�З_З�_ИМЕТО "
+"[РЕГУЛЯРЕ�_ИЗР�З_З�_СТОЙ�ОСТТ�]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "извеждане на �тойно�тта за указани� адре�: Р�ЗДЕЛ[.ПРОМЕ�ЛИВ�] �ДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"зам�на на в�ички �ъвпадащи променливи: ИМЕ СТОЙ�ОСТ "
+"[РЕГУЛЯРЕ�_ИЗР�З_З�_СТОЙ�ОСТТ�]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "добав�не на нова променлива: ИМЕ СТОЙ�ОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "изтриване на променлива: ИМЕ [РЕГУЛЯРЕ�_ИЗР�З_З�_СТОЙ�ОСТТ�]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "изтриване на в�ички �ъвпадащи: ИМЕ [РЕГУЛЯРЕ�_ИЗР�З_З�_СТОЙ�ОСТТ�]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "преименуване на раздел: СТ�РО_ИМЕ �ОВО_ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "изтриване на раздел: ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "избро�ване на в�ички"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "отвар�не на редактор"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "извеждане на зададени� цв�т: номер [�тандартно]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "извеждане на зададени� цв�т: номер [�тандартни�т изход е терминал]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Вид"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "СТОЙ�ОСТТ� е „true“ (и�тина) или „false“ (лъжа)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "СТОЙ�ОСТТ� е ц�ло, де�етично чи�ло"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "СТОЙ�ОСТТ� е „--bool“ (булева) или „--int“ (де�етично ц�ло чи�ло)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "СТОЙ�ОСТТ� е път (до файл или директори�)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Други"
+
+# FIXME NUL byte to null char, terminate -> razdelitel - da stane ednakvo
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "раздел�не на �тойно�тите � нулеви� знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "извеждане на имената на променливите"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "при тър�ене да �е уважат и директивите за включване"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на м��тото на задаване на на�тройката (файл, �тандартен вход, "
+"обект BLOB, команден ред)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "неразпозната �тойно�т на �тандартни� цв�т"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Това е потребител�ки�т ви конфигурационен файл за Git.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Проверете и разкоментирайте �ледните два реда:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "конфигурационни�т файл „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "извеждане на размерите на обектите във формат ле�но четим от хора"
+
+# FIXME ... instead of *???
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [ОПЦИЯ…] УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ПОД�В��Е…"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [ОПЦИЯ…] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "не �ъще�твува анотиран етикет „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "в анотирани� етикет „%s“ лип�ва вградено име"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "етикетът „%s“ тук е в�ъщно�т „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "�еправилно име на обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "„%s“ е неправилен обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "никой етикет не напа�ва точно „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "тър�ене за опи�ание на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "тър�енето приключи при „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"�икой анотиран етикет не опи�ва „%s“.\n"
+"Съще�твуват и неанотирани етикети. Пробвайте � опци�та „--tags“."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"�икой етикет не опи�ва „%s“.\n"
+"Пробвайте � опци�та „--always“ или �ъздайте етикети."
+
+# FIXME - plural
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "претър�ени �а %lu подавани�\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"открити �а над %i етикета, изведени �а по�ледните %i,\n"
+"тър�енето бе прекратено при „%s“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "откриване на етикета, който �ледва подаване"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на информаци� за тра�иране на �тратеги�та за тър�ене на "
+"�тандартната грешка"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "използване на произволен указател"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "използване на в�еки етикет — включително и неанотираните"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "винаги да �е ползва дълги�т формат"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "про�лед�ване �амо на първи� родител"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на точните �ъвпадени�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "да �е тър�и �амо в този БРОЙ по�ледни етикети (�тандартно: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "да �е тър�и �амо измежду етикетите напа�ващи този Ш�БЛО�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "извеждане на �ъкратено име на обект като резервен вариант"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "М�РКЕР"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "добав�не на такъв М�РКЕР на работното дърво (�тандартно е „-dirty“)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "Опциите „--long“ и „--abbrev=0“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "�е �а открити имена — нищо не може да бъде опи�ано."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "опци�та „--dirty“ е не�ъвме�тима � указател към подаване"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "„%s“: не е нито обикновен файл, нито �имволна връзка"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "неправилна опци�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "�е е хранилище на Git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "зададен е неправилен обект „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "зададени �а повече от 2 обекта BLOB: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "зададен е неподдържан обект „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [ОПЦИИ_З�_СПИСЪК�_С_ВЕРСИИ]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "Съобщение за напредъка на в�еки такъв БРОЙ обекта"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "Как да �е обработват подпи�аните етикети"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "Как да �е обработват етикетите на филтрираните обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Запазване на маркерите в този Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Вна��не на маркерите от този Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Да �е използва изку�твено име на човек при лип�а на задаващ етикета"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Извеждане на ц�лото дърво за в��ко подаване"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Използване на маркер за завършване на потока"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Без извеждане на �ъдържанието на обектите BLOB"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "УК�З�ТЕЛ_��_ВЕРСИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Прилагане на УК�З�ТЕЛ�_��_ВЕРСИЯ към изне�ените указатели"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "анонимизиране на извежданата информаци�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [ОПЦИЯ…] [ХР��ИЛИЩЕ [УК�З�ТЕЛ…]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [ОПЦИЯ…] ГРУП�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [ОПЦИЯ…] [(ХР��ИЛИЩЕ | ГРУП�)…]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "до�тав�не от в�ички отдалечени хранилища"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "добав�не към „.git/FETCH_HEAD“ вме�то зам�на"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "отдалечен път, където да �е качи пакетът"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "принудително презапи�ване на локални� клон"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "до�тав�не от множе�тво отдалечени хранилища"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "до�тав�не на в�ички етикети и принадлежащи обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "без до�тав�нето на в�ички етикети „--no-tags“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "брой подмодули до�тавени паралелно"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "ока�тр�не на клоните �лед�щи вече не�ъще�твуващи отдалечени клони"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "ПРИ �УЖД�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "управление на рекур�ивното до�тав�не на подмодулите"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "запазване на изтеглените пакети � обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на обнов�ването на указател� „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "задълбочаване на и�тори�та на плитко хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "превръщане в пълно хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "директори�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "добав�не на това пред път� на подмодула"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "�тандартен режим на рекур�и�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "приемане на указатели, които обнов�ват „.git/shallow“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "К�РТ�_С_УК�З�ТЕЛИ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "указване на К�РТ�та_С_УК�З�ТЕЛИ за до�тав�не"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ в отдалеченото хранилище не може да бъде открит"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ лип�ва"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[актуализиран]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s → %s  (в текущи� клон не може да �е до�тав�)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[отхвърлен]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[обнов�ване на етикетите]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (локалните указатели не могат да бъдат обновени)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[нов етикет]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[нов клон]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[нов указател]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "локален указател не може да бъде обновен"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "принудително обнов�ване"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(�ливането не е тривиално)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "хранилището „%s“ не изпрати в�ички необходими обекти\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+"отхвърл�не на върха „%s“, защото плитките хранилища не могат да бъдат "
+"обнов�вани"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "От %.*s\n"
+
+# FIXME - is the space necessary
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"н�кои локални указатели не могат да бъдат обновени. Изпълнете командата\n"
+"„git remote prune %s“, за да премахнете о�тарелите клони, които\n"
+"предизвикват конфликта"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (обектът „%s“ ще �е окаже извън клон)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (обектът „%s“ вече е извън клон)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[изтрит]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(нищо)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "�е може да до�тавите в текущи� клон „%s“ на хранилище, което не е голо"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Стойно�тта „%2$s“ за опци�та „%1$s“ не е �ъвме�тима � „%3$s“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Опци�та „%s“ �е игнорира при „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "�е �е поддържа до�тав�не от „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "До�тав�не на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е до�тави"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"�е �те указали отдалечено хранилище. Задайте или адре�, или име\n"
+"на отдалечено хранилище, откъдето да �е до�тав�т новите вер�ии."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Тр�бва да укажете име на етикет."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "опциите „--depth“ и „--unshallow“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "не можете да използвате опци�та „--unshallow“ върху пълно хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "към „git fetch --all“ не можете да добавите аргумент — хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+"към „git fetch --all“ не можете да добавите аргумент — указател на вер�и�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "��ма нито отдалечено хранилище, нито група от хранилища на име „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Указването на група и указването на вер�и� �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ] [--log[=БРОЙ] | --no-log] [--file Ф�ЙЛ]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr ""
+"вмъкване на журнал �ъ�то�щ �е от не повече от БРОЙ запи�а от �ъкратени� "
+"журнал"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "�иноним на „--log“ (о�тар�ло)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "ТЕКСТ"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "за начало на �ъобщението да �е ползва ТЕКСТ"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "файл, от който да �е чете"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] [Ш�БЛО�]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref[(--merged | --no-merged) [ОБЕКТ]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "цитиране подход�що за командни интерпретатори на обвивката"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "цитиране подход�що за perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "цитиране подход�що за python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "цитиране подход�що за tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на този БРОЙ напа�нати указатели"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "ФОРМ�Т за изхода"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на указателите, �очещи към ОБЕКТ�"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на �летите указатели"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на не�летите указатели"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на указателите, които �ъдържат това ПОД�В��Е"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Проверка на връзката"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Проверка на директориите � обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОБЕКТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "показване на недо�тижимите обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "показване на обектите извън клоните"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "показване на етикетите"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "показване на кореновите възли"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "задаване на обекти от индек�а да �а коренови"
+
+# FIXME bad message
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "про�лед�ване на указателите от журнала като глави (�тандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "допълнително да �е провер�ват пакетите и алтернативните обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "проверка �амо на връзката"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "по-�троги проверки"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "запазване на обектите извън клоните в директори�та „.git/lost-found“"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "показване на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Проверка на обектите"
+
+# FIXME plural with ...
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправилен %s: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "прекалено дълга директори� � обекти „%.*s“"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"При по�ледното изпълнение на „git gc“ бе докладвана грешка. Коригирайте "
+"причината за\n"
+"не� и изтрийте „%s“.\n"
+"�втоматичното изчи�тване на боклука н�ма да работи, преди да изтриете "
+"файла.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "ока�тр�не на обектите, към които нищо не �очи"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "изчерпателно тър�ене на боклука (за �метка на повече време работа)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "включване на автоматичното �ъбиране на боклука (auto-gc)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+"изрично �тартиране на �ъбирането на боклука, дори и ако вече работи друго "
+"�ъбиране"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�втоматично пакетиране на заден фон на хранилището за по-добра "
+"производително�т.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "�втоматично пакетиране на хранилището за по-добра производително�т.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Погледнете ръковод�твото за повече информаци� как да изпълните „git help "
+"gc“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"�ъбирането на боклука вече е �тартирано на машината „%s“ � идентификатор на\n"
+"проце�а: %<PRIuMAX> (ако �те �игурни, че това не е в�рно, това използвайте\n"
+"опци�та „--force“)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Има прекалено много недо�тижими, непакетирани обекти.\n"
+"Използвайте „git prune“, за да ги ока�трите."
+
+# FIXME plural ... options
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [ОПЦИЯ…] [-e] Ш�БЛО� [ВЕРСИЯ…] [[--] ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: неу�пешно �ъздаване на нишка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "зададен е неправилен брой нишки (%d) за %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "дървото не може да бъде прочетено (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "не може да �е изпълни „grep“ от обект от вида %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "опци�та „%c“ очаква чи�ло за аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "тър�ене в индек�а, а не в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "тър�ене и във файловете, които не �а под управлението на git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "тър�ене и в �ледените, и в не�ледените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "игнориране на файловете указани в „.gitignore“"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "извеждане на редовете, които не �ъвпадат"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "без значение на реги�търа на буквите (главни/малки)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "напа�ване на шаблоните �амо по границите на думите"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "обработване на двоичните файлове като тек�тови"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "пре�качане на двоичните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr ""
+"обработване на двоичните файлове чрез филтри за преобразуване към тек�т"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "навлизане мак�имално на тази ДЪЛБОЧИ�� в дървото"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "разширени регул�рни изрази по POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "о�новни регул�рни изрази по POSIX (�тандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "шаблоните �а до�ловни низове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "регул�рни изрази на Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "извеждане на номерата на редовете"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "без извеждане на имената на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "извеждане на имената на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на отно�ителните имена на файловете �пр�мо о�новната директори� на "
+"хранилището"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на имената на файловете без напа�ващите редове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "�иноним на „--files-with-matches“"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане �амо на имената на файловете, които не �ъдържат ред, напа�ващ на "
+"шаблона"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "извеждане на нулеви� знак „NUL“ �лед в��ко име на файл"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "извеждане на бро� на �ъвпадени�та вме�то напа�ващите редове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "оцвет�ване на напа�вани�та"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "извеждане на празен ред между напа�вани�та от различни файлове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на името на файла �амо веднъж за в�ички напа�вани� от този файл"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "извеждане на такъв БРОЙ редове преди и �лед напа�вани�та"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "извеждане на такъв БРОЙ редове преди напа�вани�та"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "извеждане на такъв БРОЙ редове �лед напа�вани�та"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "използване на такъв БРОЙ работещи нишки"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "�иноним на „-C БРОЙ“"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "извеждане на ред � името на функци�та, в ко�то е напа�нат шаблона"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "извеждане на обхващащата функци�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "изчитане на шаблоните от Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "напа�ване на Ш�БЛО�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "комбиниране на шаблоните указани � опци�та „-e“"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+"без извеждане на �тандартни� изход. Изходни�т код указва наличието на "
+"напа�ване"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на редове �амо от файловете, които напа�ват на в�ички шаблони"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "извеждане на дървото за анализ на регул�рни� израз"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "програма за преглед по �траници"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "извеждане на �ъвпадащите файлове в програма за преглед по �траници"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr ""
+"позвол�ване на �тартирането на grep(1) (текущи�т компилат пренебрегва тази "
+"опци�)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "лип�ва шаблон."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "зададен е неправилен брой нишки: %d"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"опци�та „--open-files-in-pager“ е �ъвме�тима �амо � тър�ене в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "опциите „--cached“ и „--untracked“ �а не�ъвме�тими � „--no-index“."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"опциите „--cached“ и „--untracked“ �а не�ъвме�тими � тър�ене във вер�ии."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+"опциите „--(no-)exclude-standard“ �а не�ъвме�тими � тър�ене по �ледени "
+"файлове."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "опци�та „--cached“ е не�ъвме�тима �ъ� задаване на дърво."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t ВИД] [-w] [--path=Ф�ЙЛ | --no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"Ф�ЙЛ…"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "ВИД"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "ВИД на обекта"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "запи�ване на обекта в базата от данни за обектите"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "изчитане на обекта от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "запазване на файла както е — без филтри"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"�ъздаване и хеширане на произволни данни за повредени обекти за тра�иране на "
+"Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "обработване на Ф�ЙЛа в�е едно е � този път"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "показване на в�ички налични команди"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "показване на �пи�ък � пътеводители"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "показване на �траница от ръковод�твото"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "показване на �траница от ръковод�твото в уеб браузър"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "показване на информационна �траница"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [КОМ��Д�]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "непознат формат на помощта „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "�еу�пешно �тартиране на „emacsclient“."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Вер�и�та на „emacsclient“ не може да �е анализира."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "Прекалено �тара вер�и� на „emacsclient“ — %d (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изпълнение на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“: път към неподдържана програма за преглед на\n"
+" ръковод�твото. Вме�то не� пробвайте „man.<tool>.cmd“."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“: команда за поддържана програма за преглед на\n"
+" ръковод�твото. Вме�то не� пробвайте „man.<tool>.path“."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "„%s“: непозната програма за преглед на ръковод�твото."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "нико� програма за преглед на ръковод�тво не у�п� да обработи за�вката"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+"нико� програма за преглед на информационните �траници не у�п� да обработи "
+"за�вката"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Указване на атрибути към път"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Ежедневието в Git в рамките на 20-ина команди"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Речник � термините на Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Указване на не�ледени файлове, които да бъдат нарочно пренебрегвани"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Дефиниране на �вой�твата на подмодулите"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Указване на вер�ии и интервали в Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Въвеждащ урок за Git (вер�ии поне 1.5.1)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Общ преглед на препоръчваните начини за работа � Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Попул�рните пътеводители в Git �а:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "употреба: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "„git %s“ е �иноним на „%s“"
+
+# FIXME merge with next?
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "неправилен вид на обекта „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "очаквани�т обект „%s“ не бе получен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "неправилен вид на обекта „%s“: очакваше �е „%s“, а бе получен „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "не може да �е запълни %d байт"
+msgstr[1] "не може да �е запълн�т %d байта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "неочакван край на файл"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "грешка при четене на входните данни"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "използвани �а повече от наличните байтове"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "пакетни�т файл е прекалено гол�м за текущата �тойно�т на типа „off_t“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "пакетни�т файл „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "пакетни�т файл „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "не�ъответ�твие в подпи�а към пакетни� файл"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "не �е поддържа пакетиране вeр�и� „%<PRIu32>“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "повреден обект в пакетни� файл при отме�тване %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "декомпре�ирането � „inflate“ върна %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "�тойно�тта на отме�тването за обекта-разлика води до препълване"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "�тойно�тта на отме�тването за обекта-разлика е извън диапазона"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "непознат вид обект %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "пакетни�т файл не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "неочакван край на файл, лип�ва %lu байт"
+msgstr[1] "неочакван край на файл, лип�ват %lu байта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "�ериозна грешка при декомпре�иране � „inflate“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr ""
+"СЪВП�ДЕ�ИЕ �� СТОЙ�ОСТИТЕ З� СУМИТЕ З� SHA1: „%s“ �� ДВ� Р�ЗЛИЧ�И ОБЕКТ�!"
+
+# FIXME merge with next?
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "�ъще�твуващи�т обект „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "неправилен обект BLOB „%s“"
+
+# FIXME perhaps invalid object
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "неправилен обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Грешка в обекта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "��кои обекти, на�ледници на „%s“, не могат да бъдат до�тигнати"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "разликата не може да бъде приложена"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Получаване на обекти"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Индек�иране на обекти"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "пакетни�т файл е повреден (нееднакви �уми по SHA1)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "не може да �е получи информаци� за пакетни� файл � „fstat“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "в кра� на пакетни� файл има повредени данни"
+
+# FIXME WTF message
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr ""
+"фатална грешка във функци�та „parse_pack_objects“. Това е грешка в Git, "
+"докладвайте � на разработчиците, като пратите е-пи�мо на адре�: „git@vger."
+"kernel.org“."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Откриване на �ъответните разлики"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "не може да �е �ъздаде нишка: %s"
+
+# FIXME WTF message
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr ""
+"фатална грешка във функци�та „conclude_pack“. Това е грешка в Git, "
+"докладвайте � на разработчиците, като пратите е-пи�мо на адре�: „git@vger."
+"kernel.org“."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "дей�твието завърши � %d локален обект"
+msgstr[1] "дей�твието завърши � %d локални обекта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+"�еочаквана по�ледваща �ума за грешки за „%s“ (причината може да е грешка в "
+"ди�ка)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "в пакета има %d ненапа�ваща разлика"
+msgstr[1] "в пакета има %d ненапа�ващи разлики"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "добавени�т обект не може да �е компре�ира � „deflate“: %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "локални�т обект „%s“ е повреден"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "грешка при затвар�нето на пакетни� файл"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"грешка при запи�ването на файла „%s“, о�игур�ващ запазване на директори�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"грешка при затвар�нето на запи�ани� файл „%s“, о�игур�ващ запазване на "
+"директори�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "пакетни�т файл не може да бъде запазен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "файлът за индек�а не може да бъде �ъхранен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "зададена е неправилна вер�и� пакетиране: „pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "лип�ва поддръжка за нишки. „%s“ ще �е пренебрегне"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Съще�твуващи�т пакетен файл „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Съще�твуващи�т индек� за пакетни� файл „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "%d обект не е разлика"
+msgstr[1] "%d обекта не �а разлика"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "дължината на веригата е %d: %lu обект"
+msgstr[1] "дължината на веригата е %d: %lu обекта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "името на пакетни� файл „%s“ не завършва на „.pack“"
+
+# FIXME it is not the cwd it is the previous cwd
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Проце�ът не може да �е върне към предишната работна директори�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "неправилна �тойно�т „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "опци�та „--fix-thin“ изи�ква „--stdin“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "опци�та „--verify“ изи�ква име на пакетен файл"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да �е получи информаци� чрез „stat“ за директори�та „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да �е получи информаци� чрез „stat“ за шаблона „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде отворена"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "връзката „%s“ не може да бъде прочетена"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да �е �ъздаде �имволна връзка „%s“ в „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е копира в „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "игнориране на шаблона „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "директори�та � шаблоните не е открита: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "шаблоните н�ма да бъдат копирани от „%s“: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "Директори�та „%s“ вече �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "файлове от вид %d не �е поддържат"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е преме�ти в „%s“"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s хранилище на Git в „%s%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "�аново инициализирано, �ъще�твуващо"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Инициализирано празно"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr ", �поделено"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=ДИРЕКТОРИЯ_С_Ш�БЛО�И] [--"
+"shared[=ПР�В�]] [ДИРЕКТОРИЯ]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "права"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr ""
+"указване, че хранилището на Git ще бъде �поделено от повече от един "
+"потребител"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "не може да �е влезе в директори�та „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (или --work-tree=ДИРЕКТОРИЯ) изи�ква указването на %s (или --git-"
+"dir=ДИРЕКТОРИЯ)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Работното дърво в „%s“ е недо�тъпно"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"ЛЕКСЕМ�[(=|:)СТОЙ�ОСТ])…] [Ф�ЙЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "директно редактиране на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "изчи�тване на празните епилози"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "епилог"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "епилог(зи) за добав�не"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "не е зададен входен файл за редактиране на м��то"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [ОПЦИЯ…] [ДИ�П�ЗО�_��_ВЕРСИИТЕ] [[--] ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [ОПЦИЯ…] ОБЕКТ…"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "неправилна опци� „--decorate“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "без извеждане на разликите"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "извеждане на изходни� код"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr ""
+"Използване на файл за �ъответ�тви�та на имената и адре�ите на е-поща („."
+"mailmap“)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "на�тройки на форма̀та на извежданата информаци�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Обработване �амо на редовете във файла в интервала от n до m включително. "
+"Броенето започва от 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Резултат: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: повреден файл"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Обектът не може да бъде прочетен: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "�еизве�тен вид: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "не е зададена �тойно�т на „format.headers“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "прекалено дълго име на директори�та за изходната информаци�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Файлът-кръпка „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Тр�бва да зададете точно един диапазон."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "�е е диапазон."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Придружаващото пи�мо тр�бва да е форматирано като е-пи�мо"
+
+# FIXME bad wording insanely
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен формат на заглавната ча�т за отговор „in-reply-to“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОТ | ДИ�П�ЗО�_��_ВЕРСИИТЕ]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Можете да укажете мак�имум една директори� за изход."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "�епознато подаване „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "�е може да �е открие към какво �очи „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "Точната база за �ливане не може да �е открие."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Следени�т клон не може да бъде у�тановен. �ко и�кате ръчно да го\n"
+"зададете, използвайте „git branch --set-upstream-to“.\n"
+"Можете ръчно да зададете базово подаване чрез „--base=<base-commit-id>“."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "Точната база при �ливане не може да бъде открита"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "базовото подаване тр�бва да е предше�твеникът на �пи�ъка � вер�иите"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "базовото подаване не може да е в �пи�ъка � вер�иите"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "идентификаторът на кръпката не може да бъде получен"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "номераци� „[PATCH n/m]“ дори и при един�твена кръпка"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "номераци� „[PATCH]“ дори и при множе�тво кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "извеждане на кръпките на �тандартни� изход"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на придружаващо пи�мо"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "про�та чи�лова по�ледователно�т за имената на файловете-кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "З��ЦИ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "използване на тези З��ЦИ за �уфик� вме�то „.patch“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "номерирането на кръпките да започва от този БРОЙ, а не � 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "отбел�зване, че това е N-тата поредна редакци� на поредицата от кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Използване на този „[ПРЕФИКС]“ вме�то „[PATCH]“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "запазване на изходните файлове в тази ДИРЕКТОРИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "без добав�не/махане на префик�а „[PATCH]“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "без извеждане на разлики между двоични файлове"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "в заглавната ча�т „From:“ (от) хешът да е �амо от нули"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "да не �е включват кръпки, които при�ъ�тват в �ледени� клон"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане във формат за кръпки, а на в �тандартни� (кръпка и �тати�тика)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Опции при изпращане"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "З�ГЛ�В��_Ч�СТ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "добав�не на тази З�ГЛ�В��_Ч�СТ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "Е-ПОЩ�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "добав�не на заглавна ча�т „To:“ (до)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "добав�не на заглавна ча�т „Cc:“ (и до)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ИДЕ�ТИЧ�ОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"задаване на адре�а в заглавната ча�т „From“ (от) да е тази ИДЕ�ТИЧ�ОСТ. �ко "
+"не е зададена такава, �е взима адре�а на подаващи�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "ИДЕ�ТИФИК�ТОР_��_СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr ""
+"първото �ъобщение да е в отговор на е-пи�мото � този "
+"ИДЕ�ТИФИК�ТОР_��_СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "граница"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "прикреп�не на кръпката"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "включване на кръпката в тек�та на пи�мата"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+"използване на нишки за �ъобщени�та. СТИЛът е „shallow“ (плитък) или "
+"„deep“ (дълбок)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "подпи�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "добав�не на поле за подпи�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "Б�ЗОВО_ПОД�В��Е"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "добав�не на необходимото Б�Зово дърво към �ери�та кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "добав�не на подпи� от файл"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "без извеждане на имената на кръпките"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "опциите „-n“ и „-k“ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "опциите „--subject-prefix“ и „-k“ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "опци�та „--name-only“ е не�ъвме�тима � генерирането на кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "опци�та „--name-status“ е не�ъвме�тима � генерирането на кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "опци�та „--check“ е не�ъвме�тима � генерирането на кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr ""
+"изходът може да или �тандартни�т, или да е в директори�, но не и двете."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ � подпи� не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Изходните файлове не могат да бъдат �ъздадени"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�_КЛО� [ВРЪХ [ПРЕДЕЛ]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Следени�т отдалечен клон не бе открит, затова изрично задайте "
+"ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�_КЛО�.\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [ОПЦИЯ…] [Ф�ЙЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "извеждане на �ъ�то�нието на файловете � еднобуквени флагове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "малки букви за файловете, които да �е �четат за непроменени"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "извеждане на кешираните файлове (�тандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на изтритите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на променените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на другите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на игнорираните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на името на обекта за �ъдържанието на индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "извеждане на файловете, които тр�бва да бъдат изтрити"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на името на другите (не�ледените) директории"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "извеждане на знаците за край на ред във файловете"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "без извеждане на празните директории"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на не�летите файлове"
+
+# FIXME not clear about what this option does
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "извеждане на информаци�та за отм�на на разрешените подавани�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "пре�качане на файловете напа�ващи Ш�БЛО�а"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "шаблоните за игнориране да �е прочетат от този Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr ""
+"изчитане на допълнителните шаблони за игнориране по директори� от този Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "добав�не на �тандартно игнорираните от Git файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "пътищата да �а отно�ителни �пр�мо о�новната директори� на проекта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "грешка, ако н�кой от тези Ф�ЙЛове не е в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"�читане, че пътищата изтрити �лед УК�З�ТЕЛ�_КЪМ_ДЪРВО в�е още �ъще�твуват"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "извеждане на информаци�та за изчи�тване на грешки"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=КОМ��Д�]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [ХР��ИЛИЩЕ [УК�З�ТЕЛ…]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "без извеждане на адре�ите на отдалечените хранилища"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "КОМ��Д�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "път към командата „git-upload-pack“ на отдалечената машина"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "�амо етикетите"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "�амо върховете"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "без извеждане на про�ледените етикети"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "взимане предвид на „url.Б�З�.insteadOf“"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr "изход � код 2, ако не �е откри�т �ъвпадащи указатели"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "извеждане на указател� заедно � обекта �очен от него"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [ОПЦИЯ…] УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО [ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на дървета"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "рекур�ивно обхождане поддърветата"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "извеждане на дърветата при рекур�ивното обхождане"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "раздел�не на обектите � нулеви� знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "извеждане на размера на обекта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо имената на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "използване на пълните имена на пътищата"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на ц�лото дърво, не �амо на текущата директори� (включва опци�та "
+"„--full-name“)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [ОПЦИЯ…] [ПОД�В��Е…]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [ОПЦИЯ…] СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ HEAD ПОД�В��Е"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+# FIXME -m rather than just m
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "опци�та „-m“ изи�ква �тойно�т"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "��ма такава �тратеги� за �ливане: „%s“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "�аличните �тратегии �а:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Допълнителните �тратегии �а:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "без извеждане на �тати�тиката �лед завършване на �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "извеждане на �тати�тиката �лед завършване на �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(�иноним на „--stat“)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"добав�не (на мак�имум такъв БРОЙ) запи�и от �ъкратени� журнал в �ъобщението "
+"за подаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на едно подаване вме�то извършване на �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "извършване на подаване при у�пешно �ливане (�тандартно дей�твие)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "редактиране на �ъобщението преди подаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на тривиално �ливане (�тандартно дей�твие)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "преу�танов�ване, ако �ливането не е тривиално"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Проверка, че именуваното подаване е � правилен подпи� на GPG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "СТР�ТЕГИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "СТР�ТЕГИЯ за �ливане, ко�то да �е ползва"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "ОПЦИЯ=СТОЙ�ОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "ОПЦИЯ за избраната �тратеги� за �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ при подаването �ъ� �ливане (при нетривиални �ливани�)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "преу�танов�ване на текущото �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на �ливане на незави�ими и�тории"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "не може да �е извърши �катаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно �катаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен обект: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно прочитане на обект-дърво"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (н�ма какво да �е �мачка)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Подаване �ъ� �мачкване — указател�т „HEAD“ н�ма да бъде обновен\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Запи�ване на �ъобщението за �мачкване SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Завършване на �ъобщението за �мачкване SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Лип�ва �ъобщение при подаване — указател�т „HEAD“ н�ма да бъде обновен\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "„%s“ не �очи към подаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилен низ за на�тройката „branch.%s.mergeoptions“: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Поддържа �е �амо �ливане на точно две и�тории."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "�епозната опци� за рекур�ивното �ливане „merge-recursive“: „-X%s“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "От „%s“ не може да �е чете"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Сливането н�ма да бъде подадено. За завършването му и подаването му "
+"използвайте командата „git commit“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"В �ъобщението при подаване добавете информаци� за причината за\n"
+"�ливането, о�обено ако �ливате обновен отдалечен клон в тематичен клон.\n"
+"\n"
+"Редовете, които започват � „%c“ ще бъдат пропу�нати, а празно �ъобщение\n"
+"преу�танов�ва подаването.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Празно �ъобщение при подаване."
+
+# FIXME - WTF is wonderful.
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Първи�т етап на тривиалното �ливане завърши.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно �ливане — коригирайте конфликтите и подайте резултата.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "„%s“ не е подаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "��ма текущ клон."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Текущи�т клон не �леди никой."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Текущи�т клон не �леди никой клон."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "�икой клон не �леди клона „%s“ от хранилището „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е затвори"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr ""
+"�е може да преу�тановите �ливане, защото в момента не �е извършва такова "
+"(лип�ва указател „MERGE_HEAD“)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"�е �те завършили �ливане. (Указател�т „MERGE_HEAD“ �ъще�твува).\n"
+"Подайте промените �и, преди да започнете ново �ливане."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"�е �те завършили отбиране на подаване (указател�т „CHERRY_PICK_HEAD“\n"
+"�ъще�твува). Подайте промените �и, преди да започнете ново �ливане."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+"�е �те завършили отбиране на подаване (указател�т „CHERRY_PICK_HEAD“\n"
+"�ъще�твува)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Опци�та „--squash“ е не�ъвме�тима � „--no-ff“."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+"�е е указано подаване и на�тройката „merge.defaultToUpstream“ не е зададена."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Подаване �ъ� �мачкване във връх без и�тори� в�е още не �е поддържа"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Понеже върхът е без и�тори�, в�ички �ливани� �а тривиални, не може да �е "
+"извърши нетривиално �ливане изи�квано от опци�та „--no-ff“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "„%s“ — не е нещо, което може да �е �лее"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Можете да �леете точно едно подаване във връх без и�тори�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Подаването „%s“ е � недоверен подпи� от GPG, който твърди, че е на „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Подаването „%s“ е � неправилен подпи� от GPG, който твърди, че е на „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ е без подпи� от GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ е � коректен подпи� от GPG на „%s“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "незави�ими и�тории не може да �е �ле�т"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Обнов�ване „%s..%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Проба � най-тривиалното �ливане в рамките на индек�а…\n"
+
+# FIXME WTF message
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно �ливане.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr ""
+"�е може да �е извърши тривиално �ливане, преу�танов�ване на дей�твието."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Привеждане на дървото към първоначалното…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Пробване �ъ� �тратеги�та за �ливане „%s“…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "�ико� �тратеги� за �ливане не може да извърши �ливането.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно �ливане �ъ� �тратеги� „%s“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ползва �е �тратеги�та „%s“, ко�то ще подготви дървото за коригиране на "
+"ръка.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�втоматичното �ливане завърши у�пешно. Самото подаване не е извършено, "
+"защото бе зададена опци�та „--no-commit“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] ПОД�В��Е ПОД�В��Е…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus ПОД�В��Е…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent ПОД�В��Е…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor ПОД�В��Е_1 ПОД�В��Е_2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point УК�З�ТЕЛ [ПОД�В��Е]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "извеждане на в�ички общи предше�твеници"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr ""
+"откриване на предше�твениците за еднократно �ливане на множе�тво и�тории"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "извеждане на недо�тижимите от другите указатели"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "ПОД�В��Е_1 предше�твеник ли е на ПОД�В��Е_2?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "откриване къде ПОД�В��Ето �е е отклонило от и�тори�та на УК�З�ТЕЛ�"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [ОПЦИЯ…] [-L ИМЕ_1 [-L ОРИГИ��Л [-L ИМЕ_2]]] Ф�ЙЛ_1 ОРИГ_Ф�ЙЛ "
+"Ф�ЙЛ_2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "извеждане на резултатите на �тандартни� изход"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "�ливане на базата на „diff3“"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "при конфликти да �е ползва локалната вер�и�"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "при конфликти да �е ползва чуждата вер�и�"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "при конфликти да �е ползва обединена вер�и�"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "при конфликти да �е ползва маркер � такъв БРОЙ знаци"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "без предупреждени� при конфликти"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "задаване на етикети за Ф�ЙЛ_1/ОРИГИ��Л/Ф�ЙЛ_2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "входните запи�и �а разделени � нулеви� знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "разрешаване на лип�ващи обекти"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "разрешаване на �ъздаването на повече от едно дърво"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [ОПЦИЯ…] ОБЕКТ… ЦЕЛ"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Директори�та „%s“ е в индек�а, но не е подмодул"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"За да продължите, или вкарайте промените по файла „.gitmodules“ в индек�а,\n"
+"или ги �катайте"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "„%.*s“ вече е в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "принудително преме�тване/преименуване дори целта да �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "пре�качане на грешките при преме�тване/преименуване"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "целта „%s“ �ъще�твува и не е директори�"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Проверка на преименуването на обект от „%s“ на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "неправилен обект"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "директори� не може да �е преме�ти в �ебе �и"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "директори� не може да �е преме�ти върху файл"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "първоначалната директори� е празна"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "не е под контрола на Git"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "целта �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "презапи�ване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Презапи�ването е невъзможно"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "множе�тво източници за една цел"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "целевата директори� не �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, обект: „%s“, цел: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Преименуване на „%s“ на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно преименуване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [ОПЦИЯ…] ПОД�В��Е…"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [ОПЦИЯ…] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [ОПЦИЯ…] --stdin"
+
+# FIXME sha
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на имената (без �умите по SHA1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "използване �амо на етикетите за именуване на подавани�та"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "използване �амо на указателите напа�ващи на Ш�БЛО�а"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на в�ички подавани�, които могат да бъдат до�тигнати от в�ички "
+"указатели"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "четене от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "да �е извеждат и недефинираните имена (�тандартна �тойно�т на опци�та)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "извеждане на идентификаторите на обекти-етикети (за вътрешни нужди)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] [list [ОБЕКТ]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ "
+"| -F Ф�ЙЛ | (-c | -C) ОБЕКТ] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] copy [-f] ОБЕКТ_ИЗТОЧ�ИК ОБЕКТ_ЦЕЛ"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] append [--allow-empty] [-m СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ | "
+"-F Ф�ЙЛ | (-c | -C) ОБЕКТ] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] edit [--allow-empty] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] show [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] merge [-v | -q] [-s СТР�ТЕГИЯ] "
+"УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] remove [ОБЕКТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [ОБЕКТ]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [ОПЦИЯ…] ОБЕКТ_ИЗТОЧ�ИК ОБЕКТ_ЦЕЛ"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [ОБЕКТ_ИЗТОЧ�ИК ОБЕКТ_ЦЕЛ]…"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [ОПЦИЯ…] УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "дей�твието „show“ не може да �е изпълни за обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "изведената информаци� от дей�твието „show“ не може да �е прочете"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "дей�твието „show“ не може да �е завърши за обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Задайте �ъдържанието на бележката � н�ко� от опциите „-m“ или „-F“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "обектът-бележка не може да бъде запи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Съдържанието на бележката е във файла „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен или прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Обектът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Съдържанието на бележка не може да �е вземе от обект, който не е BLOB: „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "прекалено много параметри"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "��ма бележки за обекта „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "низ, който е �ъдържанието на бележката"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "Ф�ЙЛ �ъ� �ъдържанието на бележката"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "преизползване и редактиране на указани� ОБЕКТ-бележка"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "преизползване на указани� ОБЕКТ-бележка"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "приемане и на празни бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "зам�на на �ъще�твуващите бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"�е може да �е добави бележка, защото такава вече �ъще�твува за обекта „%s“. "
+"Използвайте опци�та „-f“, за да презапишете �ъще�твуващи бележки."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Презапи�ване на �ъще�твуващите бележки за обекта „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Изтриване на бележката за обекта „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "изчитане на обектите от �тандартни� вход"
+
+# FIXME imporve message
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"зареждане на на�тройките за КОМ��Д�та, ко�то презапи�ва подавани� (включва "
+"опци�та „--stdin“)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "прекалено малко параметри"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"�е може да �е копира бележка, защото такава вече �ъще�твува за обекта „%s“. "
+"Използвайте опци�та „-f“, за да презапишете �ъще�твуващи бележки."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr ""
+"�е може да �е копира бележка, ко�то не �ъще�твува — н�ма бележки за обекта-"
+"източник „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Задаването на опциите „-m“/„-F“/„-c“/„-C“ � командата „edit“ вече е "
+"о�тар�ло.\n"
+"Вме�то това ги използвайте � подкомандата „add“: „git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-"
+"C“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Общи опции"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Опции при �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"коригиране на конфликтите при �ливане на бележките чрез тази СТР�ТЕГИЯ — "
+"„manual“ (ръчно), „ours“ (вашата вер�и�), „theirs“ (чуждата вер�и�), "
+"„union“ (обедин�ване), „cat_sort_uniq“ (обедин�ване, подреждане, уникални "
+"резултати)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Подаване на не�лети бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "завършване на �ливането чрез подаване на не�лети бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Преу�танов�ване на корекци�та при �ливането на бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "преу�танов�ване на �ливането на бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "В момента �е извършва �ливане на бележките в „%s“ при „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "��ма бележки за обекта „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "опитът за изтриването на не�ъще�твуваща бележка не �е �чита за грешка"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "изчитане на имената на обектите от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "да �е използва бележката �очена от този УК�З�ТЕЛ_З�_БЕЛЕЖК�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "�епозната подкоманда: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [ОПЦИЯ…] [< СПИСЪК_С_УК�З�ТЕЛИ | < СПИСЪК_С_ОБЕКТИ]"
+
+# FIXME [options] vs [options...]
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [ОПЦИЯ…] ПРЕФИКС_��_ИМЕТО [< СПИСЪК_С_УК�З�ТЕЛИ | < "
+"СПИСЪК_С_ОБЕКТИ]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "грешка при декомпре�иране � „deflate“ (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr ""
+"изключване на запи�ването на битовата ма�ка, пакетите �а разделени поради "
+"�тойно�тта на „pack.packSizeLimit“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Запи�ване на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"изключване на запи�ването на битовата ма�ка, защото н�кои обекти н�ма да �е "
+"пакетират"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Компре�иране на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "неподдържана вер�и� на индек�а „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилна вер�и� на индек�а „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "без извеждане на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "извеждане на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "извеждане на напредъка във фазата на запазване на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr ""
+"�ъщото дей�твие като опци�та „--all-progress“ при извеждането на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "ВЕРСИЯ[,ОТМЕСТВ��Е]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"запазване на индек�а на пакетните файлове във форма̀та � указаната вер�и�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "мак�имален размер на в�еки пакетен файл"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "игнориране на обектите заети от други хранилища на обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "игнориране на пакетираните обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "ограничаване на прозореца за пакетиране по брой обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"ограничаване на прозореца за пакетиране и по памет о�вен по брой обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"мак�имална дължина на веригата от разлики, ко�то е позволена в пакетни� файл"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "преизползване на �ъще�твуващите разлики"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "преизползване на �ъще�твуващите обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "използване на обекти „OFS_DELTA“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"�тартиране на нишки за претър�ване на най-добрите �ъвпадени� на разликите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "без �ъздаване на празен пакетен файл"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "изчитане на вер�иите от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "ограничаване до в�е още непакетираните обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr ""
+"включване на в�ички обекти, които могат да �е до�тигнат от произволен "
+"указател"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "включване и на обектите �очени от запи�ите в журнала на указателите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "включване и на обектите �очени от индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "извеждане на пакета на �тандартни� изход"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+"включване и на обектите-етикети, които �очат към обектите, които ще бъдат "
+"пакетирани"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "запазване на недо�тижимите обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "ВРЕМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "разпакетиране на недо�тижимите обекти, които �а по-нови от това ВРЕМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на �ъкратени пакети"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "пакетиране подход�що за плитко до�тав�не"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "игнориране на пакетите, които �а придружени от файл „.keep“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "ниво на компре�иране при пакетиране"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на в�ички родители — дори и тези, които нормално �а �крити при "
+"при�аждани�та"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"използване на �ъще�твуващи индек�и на база битови ма�ки за у�кор�ване на "
+"пребро�ването на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr ""
+"запазване и на индек� на база побитова ма�ка, заедно � индек�а за пакета"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Пребро�ване на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "пакетиране на в�ичко"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "ока�тр�не на недо�тижимите указатели (�тандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Изтриване на повтар�щите �е обекти"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire ВРЕМЕ] [--] [ВРЪХ…]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "�амо извеждане без дей�твително ока�тр�не"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "информаци� за ока�трените обекти"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "ока�тр�не на обектите по-�тари от това ВРЕМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "хранилище � важни обекти не може да �е ока�тр�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [ОПЦИЯ…] [ХР��ИЛИЩЕ [УК�З�ТЕЛ_��_ВЕРСИЯ…]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "Опции при �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "вна��не на промените чрез пребазиране, а не чрез �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на тривиални �ливани�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Проверка, че указаното подаване е � правилен подпи� на GPG"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "автоматично �катаване/прилагане на �катаното преди и �лед пребазиране"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "Опции при до�тав�не"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "брой подмодули издърпани паралелно"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилна �тойно�т за „pull.ff“: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr ""
+"�е можете да издърпвате при това пребазиране, защото има промени, които не "
+"�а в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "О�вен това в индек�а има неподадени промени."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+"�е можете да издърпвате при това пребазиране, защото в индек�а има "
+"неподадени промени."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Между указателите, които току що до�тавихте, н�ма подход�щ кандидат, върху "
+"който да пребазирате."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Между указателите, които току що до�тавихте, н�ма подход�щ кандидат, който "
+"да �леете."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+"�ай веро�тно �те подали шаблон за указатели, който не е напа�нал � нищо в "
+"отдалеченото хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"За�вихте издърпване от отдалеченото хранилище „%s“, но не указахте клон.\n"
+"Понеже това не е хранилището по подразбиране на текущи� клон, тр�бва\n"
+"да укажете отдалечени� клон на командни� ред."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "Извън в�ички клони."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "Укажете върху кой клон и�кате да пребазирате."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "Укажете кой клон и�кате да �леете."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "За повече информаци� погледнете ръковод�твото „git-pull(1)“"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�О_ХР��ИЛИЩЕ"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "КЛО�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "Текущи�т клон не �леди никой."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr ""
+"�ко и�кате да зададете информаци� за �леден клон, можете да направите това � "
+"командата:"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"За �ливане е указан отдалечени�т указател „%s“,\n"
+"но такъв не е до�тавен."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "опци�та „--[no-]autostash“ изи�ква „--rebase“"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr "Обнов�ване на в�е още не�ъздаден клон � промените от индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"до�тав�нето обнови върха на текущи� клон. Работното\n"
+"ви копие бе тривиално �л�то от подаване „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Работното ви копие не може да бъде тривиално �л�то.\n"
+"След като запазите в�ичко необходимо по�очено от командата:\n"
+"  $ git diff %s\n"
+"изпълнете:\n"
+"  $ git reset --hard\n"
+"за връщане към нормално �ъ�то�ние."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "�е може да �ливате множе�тво клони в празен върхов указател."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "�е може да пребазирате върху повече от един клон."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [ОПЦИЯ…] [ХР��ИЛИЩЕ [УК�З�ТЕЛ_��_ВЕРСИЯ…]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "�ъкращение за етикет без ЕТИКЕТ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "опци�та „--delete“ приема за цел �амо про�ти имена на указатели"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"За да включите тази опци� за по�то�нно, погледнете документаци�та за "
+"на�тройката „push.default“ в „git help config“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Името на текущи� клон �е различава от името на клона, който той �леди.\n"
+"За да изтла�кате към �ледени� клон използвайте командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"За да изтла�кате към отдалечени� клон � име като локални�, използвайте "
+"командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"В момента не �те на никой клон. За да изтла�кате и�тори�та до �ъ�то�нието,\n"
+"�очено в момента от указател� „HEAD“, използвайте командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:ИМЕ_��_ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�ИЯ_КЛО�\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�е е зададен отдалечен клон, който текущи�т клон „%s“ да �леди.\n"
+"За да изтла�кате локални� клон към отдалечен и �ъщевременно да зададете\n"
+"втори� като този, който първи�т �леди, използвайте командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+"Текущи�т клон „%s“ �леди н�колко отдалечени клона, не можете про�то да "
+"изтла�кате."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Изтла�квате към отдалечени� клон „%s“, който не е �леден от текущи� клон "
+"„%s“.\n"
+"Тр�бва да укажете ко� вер�и� да �е изтла�ка, за обнов�ване на отдалечени� "
+"клон."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"�е �те указали вер�и� за подаване, а на�тройката „push.default“ е "
+"„nothing“ (нищо без изрично указана вер�и� да не �е изтла�ква)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Обнов�ването е отхвърлено, защото върхът на текущи� ви клон е преди върха "
+"на\n"
+"отдалечени� клон. Вне�ете отдалечените промени (напр. � командата „git "
+"pull…“),\n"
+"преди отново да изтла�кате промените. За повече информаци� вижте раздела\n"
+"„Note about fast-forwards“ в �траницата от ръковод�твото „git push --help“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Обнов�ването е отхвърлено, защото върхът на изтла�квани� клон е преди върха\n"
+"на отдалечени� клон. Проверете клона и вне�ете отдалечените промени (напр.\n"
+"� командата „git pull…“), преди отново да изтла�кате промените. За повече\n"
+"информаци� погледнете раздела „Note about fast-forwards“ в �траницата от\n"
+"ръковод�твото „git push --help“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Обнов�ването е отхвърлено, защото хранилището, към което изтла�квате, "
+"�ъдържа\n"
+"промени, които лип�ват в локалното хранилище. �ай-че�тата причина за това "
+"е,\n"
+"че н�кой друг е изтла�квал към �ъщи� клон. Първо вне�ете отдалечените "
+"промени\n"
+"(напр. � командата „git pull…“), преди отново да изтла�кате промените.\n"
+"За повече информаци� погледнете раздела „Note about fast-forwards“ в "
+"�траницата\n"
+"от ръковод�твото „git push --help“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Изтла�кването е отхвърлено, защото в отдалеченото хранилище �ъще�твува "
+"етикет,\n"
+"който ще припокриете � етикет от вашето хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Без да укажете опци�та „--force“, не може да обновите отдалечен\n"
+"указател, който вече �очи към обект, който не е подаване, както и тепърва\n"
+"да го промените да �очи към подобен обект.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Изтла�кване към „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "ча�т от указателите не б�ха изтла�кани към „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилно указано хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�е е указано хранилище, към което да �е изтла�ква.\n"
+"Или укажете адре�а на командни� ред, или на�тройте отдалечено хранилище � "
+"командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add ИМЕ �ДРЕС\n"
+"\n"
+"и �лед това изтла�кайте, като укажете името на отдалеченото хранилище:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push ИМЕ\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "опциите „--all“ и „--tags“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "опци�та „--all“ е не�ъвме�тима � указването на вер�и�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "опциите „--mirror“ и „--tags“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "опци�та „--mirror“ е не�ъвме�тима � указването на вер�и�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "опциите „--all“ и „--mirror“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "изтла�кване на в�ички указатели"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "огледално копие на в�ички указатели"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "изтриване на указателите"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "изтла�кване на етикетите (не�ъвме�тимо � опциите „--all“ и „--mirror“)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "принудително обнов�ване"
+
+# FIXME double check this
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "УК�З�ТЕЛ>:<ОЧ�КВ���_СТОЙ�ОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "УК�З�ТЕЛ�т тр�бва първоначално да е � тази ОЧ�КВ���_СТОЙ�ОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "управление на рекур�ивното изтла�кване на подмодулите"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "използване на �ъкратени пакети"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "програма за получаването на пакети"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "задаване на отдалеченото хранилище за командите „git pull/status“"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "ока�тр�не на указателите, които �а премахнати от локалното хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "без изпълнение на куката преди изтла�кване (pre-push)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr ""
+"изтла�кване на лип�ващите в отдалеченото хранилище, но �вързани � текущото "
+"изтла�кване, етикети"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "подпи�ване на изтла�кването � GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "изи�кване на атомарни операции от от�рещната �трана"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr ""
+"опци�та „--delete“ е не�ъвме�тима � опциите  „--all“, „--mirror“ и „--tags“"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "опци�та „--delete“ изи�ква поне един указател на вер�и�"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=ПРЕФИКС) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=Ф�ЙЛ_С_ИЗКЛЮЧЕ�ИЯ] | -i]] [--no-sparse-"
+"checkout] [--index-output=Ф�ЙЛ] (--empty | УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО_1 "
+"[УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО_2 [УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО_3]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "запазване на индек�а в този Ф�ЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "�амо занул�ване на индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Сливане"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "да �е извърши и �ливане �лед о�вен изчитането"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "тройно �ливане, ако не �е налага пофайлово �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "тройно �ливане при добав�не на добав�не и изтриване на файлове"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "�ъщото като опци�та „-m“, но не�летите обекти �е пренебрегват"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "ПОДДИРЕКТОРИЯ/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "изчитане на дървото към индек�а като да е в тази ПОДДИРЕКТОРИЯ/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "обнов�ване на работното дърво � резултата от �ливането"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "Ф�ЙЛ_С_ИЗКЛЮЧЕ�ИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на презапи�ването на изрично пренебрегваните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "без проверка на работното дърво �лед �ливането"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "без обнов�ване и на индек�а, и на работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "без прилагане на филтъра за ча�тично изтегл�не"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "изчи�тване на грешки в командата „unpack-trees“"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack ДИРЕКТОРИЯ_��_GIT"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "без извеждане на информаци�"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "Тр�бва да укажете директори�."
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "„%s“ не е правилна �тойно�т за време за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "„%s“ не е правилна �тойно�т за време"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t КЛО�] [-m ОС�ОВЕ�_КЛО�] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] ИМЕ �ДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename СТ�РО_ИМЕ �ОВО_ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head ИМЕ (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | КЛО�)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(ГРУП� | "
+"ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�О_ХР��ИЛИЩЕ)…]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] ИМЕ КЛО�…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] ИМЕ �ОВ_�ДРЕС [СТ�Р_�ДРЕС]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add ИМЕ �ОВ_�ДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete ИМЕ �ДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ �ДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches ИМЕ КЛО�…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add ИМЕ КЛО�…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [ОПЦИЯ…] [ГРУП� | ОТД�ЛЕЧЕ�О_ХР��ИЛИЩЕ]…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Обнов�ване на „%s“"
+
+# FIXME tabulator
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"Използването �амо на „--mirror“ е опа�но. Вме�то това\n"
+"ползвайте „--mirror=fetch“ или „--mirror=push“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "неправилна �тойно�т за „--mirror“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "отдалечените клони не могат да бъдат до�тавени"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "вна��не на в�ички етикети и принадлежащите им обекти при до�тав�не"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "може и да не �е до�тав�т никакви етикети (чрез опци�та „--no-tags“)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "клон/и за �ледене"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "о�новен клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "издърпване|до�тав�не"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"на�тройване на отдалечено хранилище, от което да �е издърпва или до�тав�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr ""
+"н�ма �ми�ъл да �е указва о�новен клон при използване на опци�та „--mirror“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"указването на �ледени клони е �ми�лено �амо за отдалечени хранилища, от "
+"които �е до�тав�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "вече �ъще�твува отдалечено хранилище � име „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "„%s“ е неправилно име за отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "О�новни�т клон „%s“ не може да бъде на�троен"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Обектите за до�тав�не за указател� „%s“ не могат да бъдат получени"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(�ъвпадащи)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(за изтриване)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Такова отдалечено хранилище н�ма: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Разделът „%s“ в на�тройките не може да бъде преименуван на „%s“"
+
+# FIXME tabulator
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"�е�тандартните указатели за до�тав�не н�ма да бъдат обновени\n"
+"    %s\n"
+"  Променете на�тройките ръчно, ако е необходимо."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изтриване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно �ъздаване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Бележка: Клон извън йерархи�та „refs/remotes/“ не бе изтрит.\n"
+"Изтрийте го чрез командата:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Бележка: ��колко клона извън йерархи�та „refs/remotes/“ не б�ха изтрити.\n"
+"Изтрийте ги чрез командата:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Разделът „%s“ в на�тройките не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " нов (�ледващото до�тав�не ще го разположи в „remotes/%s“)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " �леден"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " �тар (изтрийте чрез „git remote prune“)"
+
+# FIXME
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " не��но �ъ�то�ние"
+
+# CHECK
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr ""
+"неправилен клон за �ливане „%s“. �евъзможно е да пребазирате върху повече от "
+"1 клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "интерактивно пребазиране върху отдалечени� клон „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " �ливане � отдалечени� клон „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    и � отдалечени� клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "�ливане � отдалечени� клон „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   и � отдалечени� клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "�ъздаден"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "актуален"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "може да �е �лее тривиално"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "локални�т е изо�танал"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s принудително изтла�ква към %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s изтла�ква към %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s принудително изтла�ква към %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s изтла�ква към %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "без за�вки към отдалечените хранилища"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "� отдалечено хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  �дре� за до�тав�не: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(без адре�)"
+
+# FIXME spaces betwen Push and URL
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  �дре� за изтла�кване: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  клон �очен от HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  клонът �очен от HEAD (клонът указан във файла HEAD от отдалеченото "
+"хранилище е\n"
+"  нееднозначен и е н�кой от �ледните):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Отдалечен клон:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Отдалечени клони:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (�ъ�то�нието не бе проверено)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Локален клон на�троен за издърпване чрез „git pull“:"
+msgstr[1] "  Локални клони на�троени за издърпване чрез „git pull“:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Локалните указатели ще бъдат прене�ени чрез „ push“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Локални�т указател, на�троен за „git push“%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Локалните указатели, на�троени за „git push“%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "задаване на refs/remotes/ИМЕ/HEAD �поред отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "изтриване на refs/remotes/ИМЕ/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "�е може да �е у�танови отдалечени�т връх"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Множе�тво клони � върхове. Изберете изрично н�кой от т�х чрез командата:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилен указател: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да �е на�трои"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr "„%s“ ще �е превърне в обект извън клоните!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr "„%s“ �е превърна в обект извън клоните!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Ока�тр�не на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "адре�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " � [ще бъде ока�трено] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " � [ока�трено] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "ока�тр�не на огледалата на отдалечените хранилища �лед до�тав�не"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "��ма отдалечено хранилище на име „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "добав�не на клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "не е указано отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "запитване към адре�ите за изтла�кване, а не за до�тав�не"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "извеждане на в�ички адре�и"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "не е зададен адре� за отдалеченото хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "пром�на на адре�ите за изтла�кване"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "добав�не на адре�и"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "изтриване на адре�и"
+
+# FIXME message - incompatible
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "опциите „--add“ и „--delete“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "�еправилен (�тар) формат за адре�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Такъв адре� не е открит: %s"
+
+# FIXME CHECK MEANING
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "�икой от адре�ите, които не �а за изтла�кване, н�ма да �е изтрие"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "повече подробно�ти. По�тав� �е пред подкоманда"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "пакетиране на в�ичко в пакет"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr ""
+"�ъщото като опци�та „-a“. Допълнително — недо�тижимите обекти да �танат "
+"непакетирани"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr ""
+"премахване на ненужните пакетирани файлове и изпълнение на командата „git-"
+"prune-packed“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "подаване на опци�та „--no-reuse-delta“ на командата „git-pack-objects“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+"подаване на опци�та „--no-reuse-object“ на командата „git-pack-objects“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "без изпълнение на командата „git-update-server-info“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "подаване на опци�та „--local“ на командата „git-pack-objects“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "�ъздаване и запи�ване на индек�и на база битови ма�ки"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "еври�тична дата"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr ""
+"при комбинирането � опци�та „-A“ — без разпакетиране на обектите по �тари от "
+"това"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "размер на прозореца за делта компре�и�та"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "байтове"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"�ъщото като горната опци�, но ограничението да е по размер на паметта, а не "
+"по бро� на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "ограничаване на мак�ималната дълбочина на делтата"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "мак�имален размер на в�еки пакет"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "препакетиране на обектите в пакети бел�зани � „.keep“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "пакетите в хранилище � важни обекти не може да �е три�т"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно изтриване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] ОБЕКТ З�МЯ��"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit ОБЕКТ"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft ПОД�В��Е [РОДИТЕЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d ОБЕКТ…"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=ФОРМ�Т] [-l [Ш�БЛО�]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправилно име на обект: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "етикетът при �ливане в подаването „%s“ e неправилен"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "етикетът при �ливане в подаването „%s“ e неправилен"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"Първоначалното подаване „%s“ �ъдържа етикета при �ливане „%s“, който е "
+"изхвърлен, затова използвайте опци�та „--edit“, а не „--graft“."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "Първоначалното подаване „%s“ е � подпи� на GPG."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "Подпи�ът ще бъде премахнат в замен�щото подаване!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "замен�щото подаване за „%s“ не може да бъде запи�ано"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "извеждане на �пи�ъка � указателите за зам�на"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "изтриване на указателите за зам�на"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "редактиране на �ъще�твуващ обект"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "�м�на на родителите на подаване"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "зам�на на указател�, ако �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "без форматирано извеждане на �ъдържанието — за опци�та „--edit“"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "използване на този ФОРМ�Т"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget ПЪТ… | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "реги�триране на чи�ти корекции на конфликти в индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [ПОД�В��Е]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО [--] ПЪТИЩ�…"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО] [--] [ПЪТИЩ�…]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "�ме�ено (mixed)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "меко (soft)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "пълно (hard)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "�л�то (merge)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "запазващо (keep)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ е повреден."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Дървото, �очено от указател� „HEAD“, не може да бъде открито."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Дървото, �очено от „%s“, не може да бъде открито."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ �очи към „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "�е може да �е извърши %s занул�ване по време на �ливане."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "по-малко подробно�ти, да �е извеждат �амо грешките"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "индек�а и указател� „HEAD“, без работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "�амо указател� „HEAD“, без индек�а и работното дърво"
+
+# FIXME vs man page
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "указател� „HEAD“, индек�а и работното дърво"
+
+# FIXME vs man page
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "занул�ване на указател� „HEAD“, но запазване на локалните промени"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+"отбел�зване �амо на факта, че изтритите пътища ще бъдат добавени по-къ�но"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Стойно�тта „%s“ не е разпозната като �ъще�твуваща вер�и�."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "„%s“ не е разпознат като дърво."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr ""
+"опци�та „--patch“ е не�ъвме�тима � в��ка от опциите „--hard/--mixed/--soft“"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"опци�та „--mixed“ не бива да �е използва заедно � пътища. Вме�то това "
+"изпълнете „git reset -- ПЪТ…“."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "�е може да извършите %s занул�ване, когато �те задали ПЪТ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "В голо хранилище не може да извършите %s занул�ване"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "Опци�та „-N“ е �ъвме�тима �амо � „--mixed“"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Промени извън индек�а �лед занул�ването:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Индек�ът не може да бъде занулен към вер�и� „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "�ови�т индек� не може да бъде запи�ан."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "командата „rev-list“ не поддържа извеждането на бележки"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [ОПЦИЯ…] -- [�РГУМЕ�Т…]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "зададени�т низ „--“ да �е тълкува като аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "�пиране на анализа �лед първи� аргумент, който не е опци�"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "изход в дълги� формат"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [ОПЦИЯ…] -- [�РГУМЕ�Т…]\n"
+"   или: git rev-parse --sq-quote [�РГУМЕ�Т…]\n"
+"   или: git rev-parse [ОПЦИЯ…] [�РГУМЕ�Т…]\n"
+"\n"
+"За повече информаци� за първи� вариант изпълнете „git rev-parse --parseopt -"
+"h“"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [ОПЦИЯ…] УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ПОД�В��Е…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert ПОДКОМ��Д�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [ОПЦИЯ…] УК�З�ТЕЛ_КЪМ_ПОД�В��Е…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick ПОДКОМ��Д�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: опци�та „%s“ е не�ъвме�тима � „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "завършване на поредица от отбирани� или отмени на подавани�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "продължаване на поредица от отбирани� или отмени на подавани�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "отм�на на поредица от отбирани� или отмени на подавани�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "без автоматично подаване"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "редактиране на �ъобщението при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "номер на родител�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "�тратеги� на �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "опци�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "опци� за �тратеги�та на �ливане"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "добав�не на името на подаването"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "запазване на първоначално празните подавани�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "позвол�ване на празни �ъобщени� при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "запазване на излишните, празни подавани�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "грешка в програмата"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешна отм�на"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "неу�пешно отбиране"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] Ф�ЙЛ…"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"�ледни�т подмодул или н�кой от неговите подмодули използват директори� на "
+"име\n"
+"„.git“:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"�ледните подмодули или н�кои от техните подмодули използват директори� на "
+"име\n"
+"„.git“:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(ако и�кате да ги изтриете заедно � ц�лата им и�тори�, използвайте „rm -rf“)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"�ледни�т файл е �ъ� �ъдържание в индек�а различно от текущото му �ъдържание "
+"и\n"
+"различно от �ъответ�тващото на HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"�ледните файлове �а �ъ� �ъдържание в индек�а различно от текущото им "
+"�ъдържание и\n"
+"различно от �ъответ�тващото на HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(за принудително изтриване използвайте опци�та „-f“)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "�ледни�т файл е � променено �ъдържание в индек�а:"
+msgstr[1] "�ледните файлове �а � променено �ъдържание в индек�а:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(за запазване на файла използвайте опци�та „--cached“, а за принудително\n"
+"изтриване — „-f“)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "�ледни�т файл е � променено �ъдържание"
+msgstr[1] "�ледните файлове �а � променено �ъдържание"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "да не �е извеждат изтритите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "изтриване �амо от индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "въпреки проверката за актуално�тта на �ъдържанието"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "рекур�ивно изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr ""
+"изходни�т код да е 0, дори ако никой файл нe e напа�нал � шаблона за "
+"изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "без използването на опци�та „-r“ „%s“ н�ма да �е изтрие рекур�ивно"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: „%s“ не може да �е изтрие"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-"
+"pack=П�КЕТ] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [ХОСТ:]ДИРЕКТОРИЯ [УК�З�ТЕЛ…]\n"
+"  опци�та „--all“ и изричното по�очване на УК�З�ТЕЛ �а взаимно не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "име на отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "използване на протокол без запазване на �ъ�то�нието за RPC"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "четене на указателите от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "извеждане на �ъ�то�нието от отдалечената помощна функци�"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [ОПЦИЯ…] [ДИ�П�ЗО�_��_ВЕРСИИТЕ] [[--] [ПЪТ…]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "подредба на подавани�та по бро� подавани� от автор"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Без опи�ани� на подавани�та — да �е показва �амо бро� подавани�"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Извеждане на адре�а на е-поща за в�еки автор"
+
+# FIXME why is this so short
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "ШИРОЧИ��[,ОТСТЪП_1[,ОТСТЪП_2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr ""
+"Прена��не на редовете до тази обща ШИРОЧИ�� (76), � ОТСТЪП_1 (6) за първи� "
+"ред и ОТСТЪП_2 (9) за о�таналите"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"    [--current] [--color[=КОГ�] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"    [--more=БРОЙ | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"    [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(РЕВИЗИЯ | УК�З�ТЕЛ)…]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=БРОЙ[,Б�З�]] [--list] [УК�З�ТЕЛ]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "извеждане на �лед�щите и локалните клони"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "извеждане на �лед�щите клони"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "оцвет�ване на „*!+-“ �поред клоните"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "извеждане на такъв БРОЙ подавани� от общи� предше�твеник"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "�иноним на „more=-1“"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "без низове за имената на клоните"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "включване и на текущи� клон"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "именуване на подавани�та � имената им на обекти"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "извеждане на възможните бази за �ливани�"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "извеждане на недо�тижимите указатели"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "извеждане на подавани�та в топологиче�ка подредба"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на подавани�та, които не �а от първи� клон"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "извеждане на �ливани�та, които могат да �е до�тигнат �амо от един връх"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr ""
+"топологиче�ка подредба, при запазване на подредбата по дата, доколкото е\n"
+"възможно"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "БРОЙ[,Б�З�]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "показване на най-много БРОЙ журнални запи�а � начало �ъответната Б�З�"
+
+# FIXME * -> ...
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=ЧИСЛО]] [--abbrev[=ЧИСЛО]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [Ш�БЛО�…]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=Ш�БЛО�]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "извеждане на етикетите (може да �е комбинира � върховете)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "извеждане на върховете (може да �е комбинира � етикетите)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "�трога проверка на указателите, изи�ква �е указател � пълен път"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "задължително извеждане и на указател� HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "да �е извеждат идентификаторите на обектите-етикети"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на този БРОЙ цифри от в��ка �ума по SHA1"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"без извеждане на резултатите на �тандартни� вход (полезно � опци�та „--"
+"verify“)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на указателите приети от �тандартни� вход, които лип�ват в "
+"локалното хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr "пропу�кане на в�ички редове, които започват � „#“"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "добав�не на „# “ в началото на в�еки ред"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "Такъв указател н�ма: %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "Очаква �е пълно име на указател, а не „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да �е махне компонент от адре�а „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "директори� за определ�нето на отно�ителните пътища"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=ПЪТ] [ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Във файла „.gitmodules“ не е открит адре� за път� към подмодул „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно реги�триране на адре� за път� към подмодул „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Реги�триран е подмодул „%s“ (%s) за път� към подмодул „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: препоръчва �е режим на обнов�ване за подмодула „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно реги�триране на режима на обнов�ване за път� към подмодул „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "Без извеждане на информаци� при инициализирането на подмодул"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name [ПЪТ]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name ПЪТ"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr "Във файла „.gitmodules“ лип�ва информаци� за път� „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "къде да �е клонира нови�т подмодул"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "име на нови� подмодул"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "адре�, от който да �е клонира нови�т подмодул"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "дълбочина на плитките хранилища"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=ПЪТ] [--quiet] [--reference ХР��ИЛИЩЕ] "
+"[--name ИМЕ] [--depth ДЪЛБОЧИ��] --url �ДРЕС --path ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно клониране на адре�а „%s“ в път� „%s“ като подмодул"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да �е затвори"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "директори�та на подмодула „%s“ не може да бъде получена"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "Път�т на подмодула „%s“ не е инициализиран"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "Веро�тно и�кахте да използвате „update --init“?"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "Пре�качане на не�лети� подмодул „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "Пре�качане на подмодула „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "път към работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr "път към работното дърво, през границите на вложените подмодули"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr ""
+"„rebase“ (пребазиране), „merge“ (�ливане), „checkout“ (изтегл�не) или "
+"„none“ (нищо да не �е прави)"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr "Плитко клониране, ограничено до указани� брой вер�ии"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "брой паралелни проце�и"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "без извеждане на напредъка на клонирането"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=ПЪТ] [ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "неправилен параметър към опци�та „--update“"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "„submodule--helper“ тр�бва да �е �тартира � подкоманда"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "„%s“ не е подкоманда на „submodule--helper“"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ [УК�З�ТЕЛ]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "без извеждане на грешка за не�вързани (не�имволни) указатели"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "изтриване на �имволен указател"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "кратка информаци� за указател�"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "причина"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "причина за обнов�ването"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u ИДЕ�ТИФИК�ТОР_��_КЛЮЧ] [-f] [-m СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ | -F Ф�ЙЛ] "
+"ЕТИКЕТ [ВРЪХ]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d ЕТИКЕТ…"
+
+# FIXME tabulator
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-nБРОЙ] [--contains ПОД�В��Е] [--points-at ОБЕКТ]\n"
+"           [--format=ФОРМ�Т] [--[no-]merged [ПОД�В��Е]] [Ш�БЛО�…]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v ЕТИКЕТ…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "името на етикета е твърде дълго: „%.*s“…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "етикетът „%s“ не е открит."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Изтрит е етикетът „%s“ (бе „%s“)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Въведете �ъобщение за етикета.\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Редовете, които започват � „%c“, ще бъдат пропу�нати.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Въведете �ъобщение за етикет.\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Редовете, които започват � „%c“, �ъщо ще бъдат включени — може да ги "
+"изтриете вие.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "етикетът не може да бъде подпи�ан"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "файлът за етикета не може да бъде запазен"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "неправилен вид обект."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "заглавната ча�т на етикета е прекалено дълга."
+
+# FIXME - why the ? - either we need to specify or not or it is good to specify
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "лип�ва �ъобщение за етикета"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Съобщението за етикета е запазено във файла „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "извеждане на имената на етикетите"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "извеждане на този БРОЙ редове от в��ко �ъобщение за етикет"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "изтриване на етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "проверка на етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Опции при �ъздаването на етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "анотирането на етикети изи�ква �ъобщение"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "СЪОБЩЕ�ИЕ за етикет"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "анотиран етикет � подпи� по GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "използване на друг ключ за подпи�ването на етикет"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "зам�на на етикета, ако �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на журнал на указателите"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Опции за извеждането на етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "извеждане на �пи�ъка на етикетите по колони"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на етикетите, които �ъдържат подаването"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на �летите етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на не�летите етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на етикетите на ОБЕКТ�"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "Опциите „--column“ и „-n“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Опци�та „-n“ изи�ква опци�та „-l“."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Опци�та „-contains“ изи�ква опци�та „-l“."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Опци�та „-points-at“ изи�ква опци�та „-l“."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "Опциите „--merged“ и „--no-merged“ изи�кват опци�та „-l“."
+
+# FIXME message pattern
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "Опциите „-F“ и „-m“ �а не�ъвме�тими."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "Прекалено много аргументи"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "„%s“ е неправилно име за етикет."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "етикетът „%s“ вече �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Обновен етикет „%s“ (бе „%s“)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Разпакетиране на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "не може да бъде получена информаци� чрез „stat“ за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздаден"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде изтрита"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "Проверка на времето на пром�на (mtime) на файла „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr ""
+"информаци�та получена чрез „stat“ за директори�та не �е промен� �лед "
+"добав�нето на нов файл"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+"информаци�та получена чрез „stat“ за директори�та не �е промен� �лед "
+"добав�нето на нова директори�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr ""
+"информаци�та получена чрез „stat“ за директори�та �е промен� �лед "
+"обнов�ването на нов файл"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr ""
+"информаци�та получена чрез „stat“ за директори�та �е промен� �лед добав�нето "
+"на файл в поддиректори�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr ""
+"информаци�та получена чрез „stat“ за директори�та не �е промен� �лед "
+"изтриването на файл"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr ""
+"информаци�та получена чрез „stat“ за директори�та не �е промен� �лед "
+"изтриването на директори�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " Добре"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] [Ф�ЙЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+"продължаване � обнов�ването, дори когато индек�ът тр�бва да бъде обновен"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "подмодулите да �е игнорират при обнов�ването"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "новите файлове да не �е игнорират"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "файлове да могат да замен�т директории и обратно"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "предупреждаване при лип�ващи в работното дърво файлове"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "обнов�ване дори и индек�ът да �ъдържа не�лети обекти"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "обнов�ване на информаци�та от функци�та „stat“"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr ""
+"като опци�та „--refresh“, но да �е провер�т и обектите, които �а били приети "
+"за непроменени"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "РЕЖИМ,ОБЕКТ,ПЪТ"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "добав�не на изброените обекти към индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "изрично задаване на �тойно�тта на флага дали файлът е изпълним"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "задаване на флаг, че файлът не �е промен�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "изчи�тване на флага, че файлът не �е промен�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "задаване на флаг, че файловете �а �амо за индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "изчи�тване на флага,  че файловете �а �амо за индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "добав�не �амо към индек�а без добав�не към базата от данни за обектите"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "изтриване на указаните пътища, дори и да �ъще�твуват в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+"при комбиниране � опци�та „--stdin“ — входните редове �а разделени � нулеви� "
+"байт"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "изчитане на �пи�ъка � пътища за обнов�ване от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "добав�не на елементите от �тандартни� вход към индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+"въз�танов�ване на �ъ�то�нието преди �ливане или нужда от обнов�ване за "
+"изброените пътища"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "добав�не �амо на �ъдържанието, което �е различава от това в „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "игнориране на файловете, които лип�ват в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "извеждане на дей�тви�та на �тандартни� изход"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+"забрав�не на запи�аната информаци� за неразрешени конфликти — за командите "
+"от потребител�ко ниво"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "запи�ване на индек�а в този формат"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "включване или изключване на раздел�нето на индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "включване/изключване на кеша за не�ледените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "проверка дали файловата �и�тема поддържа кеш за не�ледени файлове"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr ""
+"включване на кеша за не�ледените файлове без проверка на файловата �и�тема"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "Кешът за не�ледените файлове е изключен"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "Кешът за не�ледените файлове е изключен за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] -d ИМЕ_��_УК�З�ТЕЛ [СТ�Р�_СТОЙ�ОСТ]"
+
+# FIXME spaces - not needed in original
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ_��_УК�З�ТЕЛ �ОВ�_СТОЙ�ОСТ [СТ�Р�_СТОЙ�ОСТ]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "изтриване на указател�"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "обнов�ване на ИМЕто_��_УК�З�ТЕЛ�, а не това, към което �очи"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr ""
+"н�кои от елементите подадени на �тандартни� вход завършват � нулеви� знак "
+"„NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "изчитане на указателите от �тандартни� вход"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "обнов�ване на информационните файлове от нулата"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] ПОД�В��Е…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "извеждане на �ъдържанието на подаването"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "извеждане на необработени� изход от �ъ�то�нието на „gpg“"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] П�КЕТ…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "извеждане на подробна информаци�"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "извеждане �амо на �тати�тиката"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] ЕТИКЕТ…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "извеждане на �ъдържанието на ЕТИКЕТи"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [ОПЦИЯ…] ПЪТ [КЛО�]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „worktrees/%s“: не е правилна поддиректори�"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „worktrees/%s“: файлът „gitdir“ не �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+"Изтриване на „worktrees/%s“: файлът „gitdir“ (%s) не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „worktrees/%s“: неправилен файл „gitdir“"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr ""
+"Изтриване на „worktrees/%s“: файлът „gitdir“ �очи не�ъще�твуващо "
+"ме�тоположение"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде изтрита"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "„%s“ вече �ъще�твува"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "директори�та „%s“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "Подготв�не на %s (идентификатор %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr "Изтегл�не КЛО�а, дори и да е изтеглен в друго работно дърво"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на нов клон"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "�ъздаване или занул�ване на клони"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "отдел�не на указател� „HEAD“ към указаното подаване"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "подготв�не на новото работно дърво"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Опциите „-b“, „-B“ и „--detach“ �а не�ъвме�тими една � друга"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=ПРЕФИКС/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "ПРЕФИКС/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "запи� на обект-дърво за поддиректори�та започваща � тази ПРЕФИКС"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "�амо за изчи�тване на грешки"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "извеждане на �ъобщени�та за тра�иране на �тандартната грешка"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"„git help -a“ извежда наличните подкоманди, а „git help -g“ извежда "
+"наличните\n"
+"ръковод�тва. За помощ за �пецифична КОМ��Д� ползвайте „git help КОМ��Д�“, а "
+"за\n"
+"н�кое определено ПО�ЯТИЕ използвайте „git help ПО�ЯТИЕ“."
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "Задаването на по�то�нен публичен ключ не �е поддържа от cURL < 7.44.0"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "�ъздаване на работно дърво (погледнете: „git help tutorial“)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "работа по текущата пром�на (погледнете: „git help everyday“)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "преглед на и�тори�та и �ъ�то�нието (погледнете: „git help revisions“)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "увеличаване, отбел�зване и пром�на на общата и�тори�"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "�ъвме�тна работа (погледнете: „git help workflows“)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Добав�не на �ъдържанието на файла към индек�а"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Двоично тър�ене на пром�ната, ко�то е причинила грешка"
+
+# FIXME - should be similar to tag
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Извеждане, �ъздаване, изтриване на клони"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr ""
+"Преминаване към друг клон или въз�танов�ване на файловете в работното дърво"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Клониране на хранилище в нова директори�"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Подаване на промени в хранилището"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "Извеждане на разликите между подавани�та, вер�иите, работното дърво"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Изтегл�не на обекти и указатели от друго хранилище"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Извеждане на редовете напа�ващи на шаблон"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Създаване на празно хранилище на Git или занул�ване на �ъще�твуващо"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Извеждане на журнала � подавани�та"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Сливане на две или повече поредици/и�тории от промени"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Преме�тване или преименуване на файл, директори� или �имволна връзка"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "До�тав�не и вна��не на промените от друго хранилище или клон"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Обнов�ване на отдалечените указатели и �вързаните � т�х обекти"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "Прилагане на подавани�та върху друг връх"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Привеждане на указател� „HEAD“ към зададеното �ъ�то�ние"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Изтриване на файлове от работното дърво и индек�а"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Извеждане на различните видове обекти в Git"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Извеждане на �ъ�то�нието на работното дърво"
+
+# FIXME - should be similar to branch
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Извеждане, �ъздаване, изтриване, проверка на етикети подпи�ани � GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "период на валидно�т/запазване"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "нулева операци� (за �ъвме�тимо�т � предишни вер�ии)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "повече подробно�ти"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "по-малко подробно�ти"
+
+# FIXME SHA-1 -> SHA1
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "да �е показват такъв БРОЙ цифри от �умите по SHA1"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"при възможно�т преизползване на решението на конфликта за обнов�ване на "
+"индек�а"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Започнете като изпълните командата „git bisect start“"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Да �е извърши ли автоматично? „Y“ —  Д�, „n“ — не"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "непозната опци� „${arg}“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "„$arg“ не изглежда като указател към вер�и�"
+
+# FIXME - I ??? the message does not convey what is actually wrong - that the "HEAD" points to sth that is unparsable
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Текущи�т указател „HEAD“ е неправилен."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно преминаване към „${start_head}“. Изпълнете командата „git bisect "
+"reset СЪЩЕСТВУВ�Щ_КЛО�“."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr ""
+"не може да �е тър�и двоично, когато е изпълнена командата „cg-seek“ от "
+"„cogito“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "�еправилен указател „HEAD“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "�еправилен аргумент на функци�та „bisect_write“: „${state}“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "�еправилна вер�и�: „${arg}“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Функци�та „bisect_state“ изи�ква поне един аргумент."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "�еправилна вер�и�: „${rev}“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "Командата „git bisect ${TERM_BAD}“ приема �амо един аргумент."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: двоично тър�ене �амо по ${TERM_BAD} подаване."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Да �е продължи ли? „Y“ —  Д�, „n“ — не"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Тр�бва да зададете поне една ${bad_syn} и една ${good_syn} вер�и�. (Това "
+"може да �е\n"
+"направи �ъответно и чрез командите „git bisect ${bad_syn}“ и „git bisect "
+"${good_syn}“.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Тр�бва да започнете двоичното тър�ене чрез командата „git bisect start“.\n"
+"тр�бва да зададете поне една добра и една лоша вер�и�. (Това може да �е\n"
+"направи �ъответно и чрез командите „git bisect ${bad_syn}“ и „git bisect "
+"${good_syn}“.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "В момента не �е извършва двоично тър�ене."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "„${invalid}“ е неправилно подаване"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Първоначално указани�т клон „${branch}“ в указател� „HEAD“ не може да бъде\n"
+"изтеглен. Пробвайте да изпълните командата „git bisect reset ПОД�В��Е“."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "�е е зададен журнален файл"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr ""
+"Журнални�т файл „${file}“ не може да бъде прочетен, за да �е изпълн�т "
+"командите от него наново"
+
+# FIXME WTF
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr ""
+"�епозната команда. Възможните варианти �а: „start“, „good“, „bad“, „skip“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "изпълнение на командата „${command}“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"неу�пешно двоично тър�ене:\n"
+"изходни�т код от командата „${command}“ е ${res} — това е извън интервала "
+"[0, 128)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "двоичното тър�ене не може да продължи"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"неу�пешно двоично тър�ене:\n"
+"функци�та „bisect_state ${state}“ завърши � код за грешка ${res}"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "у�пешно двоично тър�ене"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "използвайте две различни управл�ващи думи"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "„${term}“ не е правилна управл�ваща дума"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr ""
+"„${term}“ е вградена команда и не може да �е използва като управл�ваща дума"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "не може да �мените значението на управл�ващата дума „${term}“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr ""
+"�еправилна команда: в момента �е изпълн�ва двоично тър�ене по ${TERM_BAD}/"
+"${TERM_GOOD}."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "не �а указани управл�ващи думи"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"на „git bisect terms“ е подаден неправилен аргумент „${arg}“\n"
+"Поддържат �е опциите „--term-good|--term-old“ и „--term-bad|--term-new“."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"След коригирането на този проблем изпълнете „git rebase --continue“.\n"
+"�ко предпочитате да пре�кочите тази кръпка, изпълнете „git rebase --skip“.\n"
+"За да откажете пребазирането и да �е върнете към първоначалното �ъ�то�ние,\n"
+"изпълнете „git rebase --abort“."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "�втоматично �катаното е приложено."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "„${stash_sha1}“ не може да бъде запазен"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Прилагането на автоматично �катаното доведе до конфликти. Промените ви �а\n"
+"надеждно �катани. Можете да пробвате да ги приложите чрез „git stash pop“\n"
+"или да ги изхвърлите чрез „git stash drop“, когато пои�кате.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Куката за изпълнение преди пребазиране отхвърли пребазирането."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Изглежда, че �ега �е прилагат кръпки чрез командата „git-am“. �е може да "
+"пребазирате в момента."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Изглежда в момента не тече пребазиране"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Опци�та „--edit-todo“ е до�тъпна �амо по време на интерактивно пребазиране."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Указател�т „HEAD“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Тр�бва да редактирате в�ички конфликти при �ливането. След това\n"
+"отбележете коригирането им чрез командата „git add“"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Връщането към „${head_name}“ е невъзможно"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Вече �ъще�твува директори� „${state_dir_base}“. Възможно ли е да �те\n"
+"в проце� на друго пребазиране? �ко това е така, изпълнете:\n"
+"    ${cmd_live_rebase}\n"
+"�ко не �те в проце� на друго пребазиране, изпълнете:\n"
+"    ${cmd_clear_stale_rebase}\n"
+"и отново започнете пребазирането. Текущото пребазиране �е преу�танов�ва, за\n"
+"да не загубите �лучайно промени."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "неправилна о�нова за �равнение „${upstream_name}“"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr ""
+"указател�т „${onto_name}“ може да �очи към повече от една о�нова за "
+"пребазирането"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "указател�т „${onto_name}“ не �очи към никаква о�нова за пребазирането"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Указател�т „${onto_name}“ не �очи към подаване"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "Ф�Т�Л�� ГРЕШК�: не �ъще�твува клон „${branch_name}“"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "�е може да �е �катае автоматично"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "�втоматично �катано: „${stash_abbrev}“"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Промените тр�бва или да �е подадат, или да �е �ката�т."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Текущи�т клон „${branch_name}“ е напълно актуален."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr ""
+"Текущи�т клон „${branch_name}“ е напълно актуален. Пребазирането е "
+"принудително."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Промените от „${mb}“ към „${onto}“:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Първо, указател�т „HEAD“ започва да �очи към базата, върху ко�то пребазирате…"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Тривиално �ливане на „${branch_name}“ върху „${onto_name}“."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "Командата „git stash clear“ не поддържа аргументи"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "В�е още лип�ва първоначално подаване"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Съ�то�нието на текущи� индек� не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Съ�то�нието на работното дърво не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "�е �а избрани никакви промени"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Временни�т индек� не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Съ�то�нието на работното дърво не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr ""
+"Указател�т „${ref_stash}“ не може да бъде обновен да �очи към „${w_commit}“"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"грешка: командата „git stash save“ не поддържа опци� „${option}“\n"
+"        За да зададете �ъобщение, изпълнете „git stash save -- '${option}'“"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "��ма никакви локални промени за �катаване"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Скатаването не може да �тартира"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Текущото �ъ�то�ние не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Промените в работното дърво не могат да бъдат занулени"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "непозната опци�: ${opt}"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "�е е открито нищо �катано."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Указани �а прекалено много вер�ии: „${REV}“"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "Указател�т „${reference}“ е грешен"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "„${args}“ не е подаване, приличащо на нещо �катано"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "„${args}“ не е указател към нещо �катано"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "индек�ът не може да бъде обновен"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "По време на �ливане не може да приложите нещо �катано"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr ""
+"В индек�а има конфликти. Пробвайте да изпълните командата без опци�та „--"
+"index“."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Дървото �очено от индек�а не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Променените файлове не могат да бъдат извадени от индек�а"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Индек�ът не е �катан."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Изтрито е �катаното „${REV}“ ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "Скатаното „${REV}“ не може да бъде изтрито"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "�е е указано име на клон"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(За да ги въз�тановите, изпълнете командата „git stash apply“)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Отно�ителен път може да �е ползва �амо от о�новната директори� на работното "
+"дърво"
+
+# FIXME - what is this regex?
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr ""
+"адре� на хранилище: „${repo}“ тр�бва или да е аб�олютен, или да започва � "
+"„./“ или „../“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "„${sm_path}“ вече �ъще�твува в индек�а"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Следни�т път �е игнорира поради н�кой от файловете „.gitignore“:\n"
+"${sm_path}\n"
+"Използвайте опци�та „-f“, ако за да го добавите наи�тина."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Добав�не на �ъще�твуващото хранилище в „${sm_path}“ към индек�а"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "„${sm_path}“ �ъще�твува, а не е хранилище на Git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Открита е локална директори� на Git — „${sm_name}“, ко�то �очи към "
+"отдалечените хранилища:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"�ко и�кате да преизползвате тази локална директори� на Git вме�то да отново "
+"да клонирате:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"използвайте опци�та „--force“. �ко локалната директори� не �очи към "
+"правилното отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"или не �те �игурни какво означава в�ичко това, про�то задайте друго име като "
+"аргумент на опци�та „--name“."
+
+# FIXME активиране - какво в�ъщно�т �тава
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "�ктивиране на локалното хранилище за подмодула „${sm_name}“ наново."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Подмодулът „${sm_path}“ не може да бъде изтеглен"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно добав�не на подмодула „${sm_path}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно реги�триране на подмодула „${sm_path}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Влизане в „${displaypath}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Спиране при „${displaypath}“ — изходни�т код от �крипта бе различен от 0."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "указването на път е не�ъвме�тимо � опци�та „--all“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Използвайте „--all“, за да премахнете в�ички подмодули"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Път�т към подмодул „${displaypath}“ в работното дърво �ъдържа директори� „."
+"git“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(използвайте командата „rm -rf“, за да го изтриете заедно � ц�лата му "
+"и�тори�)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Път�т към подмодул „${displaypath}“ в работното дърво �ъдържа локални "
+"промени. Можете да ги пренебрегнете и отмените � опци�та „-f“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Директори�та „${displaypath}“ е изчи�тена"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Директори�та към работното дърво на подмодула „${displaypath}“ не може да "
+"бъде изтрита"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Празната директори� за подмодула „${displaypath}“ не може да бъде �ъздадена"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Премахната е реги�траци�та на подмодул „${name}“, �очещ към адре� „${url}“, "
+"за път� „${displaypath}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Текущата вер�и� за подмодула в „${displaypath}“ лип�ва"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно до�тав�не в път� към подмодул „${sm_path}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�еу�пешно до�тав�не в път� към подмодул „${displaypath}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно изтегл�не на вер�и� „${sha1}“ в път� към подмодул „${displaypath}“'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Път към подмодул „${displaypath}“: изтеглена е вер�и� „${sha1}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно пребазиране на вер�и� „${sha1}“ в път� към подмодул "
+"„${displaypath}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Път към подмодул „${displaypath}“: пребазиране върху вер�и� „${sha1}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно �ливане на вер�и� „${sha1}“ в път� към подмодул „${displaypath}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Път към подмодул „${displaypath}“: �ливане � вер�и� „${sha1}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешно изпълнение на командата „${command} ${sha1}“ в път� към подмодул "
+"„${displaypath}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Път към подмодул „${displaypath}“: „${command} ${sha1}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешна обработка на поддиректориите в път� към подмодул „${displaypath}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Опциите „--cached“ и „--files“ �а не�ъвме�тими"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "неочакван режим „${mod_dst}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr ""
+"  ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: „${display_name}“ не �ъдържа подаването „${sha1_src}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: „${display_name}“ не �ъдържа подаването „${sha1_dst}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: „${display_name}“ не �ъдържа никое от подавани�та "
+"„${sha1_src}“ и „${sha1_dst}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "обект BLOB"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"�еу�пешна обработка на поддиректориите в път� към подмодул „${sm_path}“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Синхронизиране на адре�а за път� към подмодул „${displaypath}“"
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "За повече информаци� погледнете ръковод�твото на „git-${cmd}(1)“"
diff --git a/po/ca.po b/po/ca.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46000d7d64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/ca.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12313 @@
+# Catalan translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2014 Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>, 2014.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-03-16 00:16+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-03-19 23:51-0600\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Catalan\n"
+"Language: ca\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.7\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "pista: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Arregleu-los en l'arbre de treball, i després useu\n"
+"'git add/rm <fitxer>' segons sigui apropiat per a marcar la\n"
+"resolució i feu una comissió."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1226
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "No heu conclòs la vostra fusió (MERGE_HEAD existeix)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "Si us plau, cometeu els vostres canvis abans de fusionar."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "Sortint a causa d'una fusió no terminada."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<opcions>] <arbre> [<camí>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <dipòsit> [--exec <ordre>] [<opcions>] <arbre> "
+"[<camí>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <dipòsit> [--exec <ordre>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "L'especificació de camí '%s' no ha coincidit amb cap fitxer"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "format d'arxiu"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1232
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "prefix"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "anteposa el prefix a cada nom de camí en l'arxiu"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2547 builtin/blame.c:2548
+#: builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987 builtin/fast-export.c:989
+#: builtin/grep.c:720 builtin/hash-object.c:100 builtin/ls-files.c:459
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fitxer"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "escriu l'arxiu a aquest fitxer"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "llegeix .gitattributes en el directori de treball"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "informa de fitxers arxivats en stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "només emmagatzema"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "comprimeix més ràpidament"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "comprimeix millor"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "allista els formats d'arxiu admesos"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:78
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "dipòsit"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "recupera l'arxiu del dipòsit remot <dipòsit>"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "ordre"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "camí a l'ordre git-upload-archive remota"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Els patrons negatius s'ignoren en els atributs de git\n"
+"Useu '\\!' per exclamació capdavantera literal."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Després de corregir la causa de l'error, podeu\n"
+"intentar corregir la informació de seguiment remot\n"
+"invocant \"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "No establint la branca %s com a la seva pròpia font."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la branca remota %s de %s per "
+"rebasar."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la branca remota %s de %s."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la branca local %s per rebasar."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la branca local %s."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la referència remota %s per "
+"rebasar."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la referència remota %s."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la referència local %s per "
+"rebasar."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la referència local %s."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "No es pot escriure la configuració de la branca font"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "No seguint: informació ambigua per a la referència %s"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' no és un nom de branca vàlid."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Una branca amb nom '%s' ja existeix."
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "No es pot actualitzar la branca actual a la força."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot configurar la informació de seguiment; el punt inicial '%s' no és "
+"una branca."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branca font demanada '%s' no existeix"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si teniu pensat basar el vostre treball en una branca\n"
+"font que ja existeix al remot, pot ser que necessiteu\n"
+"executar \"git fetch\" per a obtenir-la.\n"
+"\n"
+"Si teniu pensat pujar una branca local nova que seguirà\n"
+"la seva contrapart remota, pot ser que vulgueu usar\n"
+"\"git push -u\" per a establir la configuració font\n"
+"mentre pugeu."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "No és un nom d'objecte vàlid: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objecte ambigu: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "No és un punt de ramificació vàlid: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' ja s'ha agafat a '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' no sembla un fitxer de farcell v2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "capçalera no reconeguda: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Al dipòsit li manquen aquestes comissions prerequisits:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1074
+#: builtin/blame.c:2754 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:334
+#: builtin/log.c:852 builtin/log.c:1467 builtin/log.c:1700 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "la configuració del passeig per revisions ha fallat"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "El farcell conté aquesta referència:"
+msgstr[1] "El farcell conté aquestes %d referències:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "El farcell registra una història completa."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "El farcell requereix aquesta referència:"
+msgstr[1] "El farcell requereix aquestes %d referències:"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut executar el pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "El pack-objects s'ha mort"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "El rev-list s'ha mort"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "les opcions de la llista de revisions exclouen la referència '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:157 builtin/log.c:1372 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "paràmetre no reconegut: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:449
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Refusant crear un farcell buit."
+
+#: bundle.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot crear '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:480
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "L'index-pack s'ha mort"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "valor de color no vàlid: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1505
+#: builtin/am.c:2135
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s no és una comissió!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "memòria esgotada"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "línia de fitxer de configuració dolenta %d en %s %s"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "valor de configuració numèrica dolent '%s' per '%s' en %s %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "valor de configuració numèrica dolent '%s' per '%s': %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en expandir el directori d'usuari en '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:758 config.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "nivell de compressió de zlib dolent %d"
+
+#: config.c:891
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "mode de creació d'objecte no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1220
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar la configuració de la línia d'ordres"
+
+#: config.c:1281
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "ha ocorregut un error desconegut en llegir els fitxers de configuració"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar '%s' de la configuració de la línia d'ordres"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "variable de configuració dolenta '%s' en el fitxer '%s' a la línia %d"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s té múltiples valors"
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut establir '%s' com a '%s'"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut executar 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "escriptura fallada al rev-list: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en tancar l'stdin del rev-list: %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "en el futur"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu segon"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu segons"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu minut"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu minuts"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu hora"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu hores"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu dia"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu dies"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu setmana"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu setmanes"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu mes"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu mesos"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu any"
+msgstr[1] "%lu anys"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %s i %lu mes"
+msgstr[1] "fa %s i %lu mesos"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu any"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu anys"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en llegir el fitxer d'ordres '%s'"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Realitzant detecció inexacta de canvis de nom"
+
+#: diff.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  S'ha fallat en analitzar el percentatge limitant de dirstat '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Paràmetre de dirstat desconegut '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Valor desconegut de la variable de configuració de 'diff.submodule': '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Errors trobats en la variable de configuració 'diff.dirstat':\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:2997
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "El diff external s'ha mort, aturant a %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3393
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow requereix exactament una especificació de camí"
+
+#: diff.c:3556
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha fallat en analitzar el paràmetre d'opció de --dirstat/-X:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en analitzar el paràmetre d'opció de --submodule: %s"
+
+#: dir.c:2004
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en obtenir el nombre i la informació del nucli"
+
+#: dir.c:2123
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr ""
+"La memòria cau no seguida està inhabilitada en aquest sistema o ubicació."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:237
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut executar el gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "El gpg no ha acceptat les dades"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg ha fallat en firmar les dades"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear el fitxer temporal '%s': %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en escriure la firma separada a '%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': no s'ha pogut llegir %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': lectura curta %s"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "ordres de git disponibles en '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "ordres de git disponibles d'altres llocs en el vostre $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "Aquestes són ordres del Git comunament usades en diverses situacions:"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' sembla una ordre de git, però no hem pogut\n"
+"executar-la. Pot ser que git-%s estigui estropejat?"
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ai. El vostre sistema no informa de cap ordre de Git."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"AV�S: Heu invocat una ordre de Git amb nom '%s', la qual no existeix.\n"
+"Continuant sota l'assumpció que volíeu dir '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "en %0.1f segons automàticament..."
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: '%s' no és una ordre de git. Vegeu 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Volíeu dir això?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Volíeu dir un d'aquests?"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en llegir la memòria cau"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2008 builtin/am.c:2043 builtin/checkout.c:376
+#: builtin/checkout.c:587 builtin/clone.c:730
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure un fitxer d'índex nou"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(comissió dolenta)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache ha fallat per al camí '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "error en construir arbres"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en crear el camí '%s' %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Eliminant %s per a fer espai per al subdirectori\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": potser un conflicte D/F?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "refusant perdre el fitxer no seguit a '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir l'objecte %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob esperat per a %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en obrir '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en fer l'enllaç simbòlic '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "no se sap què fer amb %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en executar la fusió interna"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut afegir %s a la base de dades"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "tipus d'objecte no compatible en l'arbre"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE: (%s/supressió): %s suprimit en %s i %s en %s. La versió %s de %s "
+"s'ha deixat en l'arbre."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE: (%s/supressió): %s suprimit en %s i %s en %s. La versió %s de %s "
+"s'ha deixat en l'arbre a %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "canvia de nom"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "canviat de nom"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s és un directori en %s; afegint com a %s en lloc"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE (canvi de nom/canvi de nom): Canvi de nom \"%s\"->\"%s\" en la "
+"branca \"%s\" canvi de nom \"%s\"->\"%s\" en \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (deixat sense resolució)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE (canvi de nom/canvi de nom): Canvi de nom %s->%s en %s. Canvi de "
+"nom %s->%s en %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Canviant el nom de %s a %s i %s a %s en lloc d'això"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE (canvi de nom/afegiment): Canvi de nom %s->%s en %s. %s afegit en "
+"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Afegint %s fusionat"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Afegint com a %s en lloc d'això"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir l'objecte %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "L'objecte %s no és un blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "modifica"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "modificat"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "contingut"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "afegiment/afegiment"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s saltat (el fusionat és igual a l'existent)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Autofusionant %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:1048
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "submòdul"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLICTE (%s): Conflicte de fusió en %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Eliminant %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fitxer/directori"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "directori/fitxer"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE (%s): Hi ha un directori amb nom %s en %s. Afegint %s com a %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1783
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Afegint %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1800
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Fallat de fusió fatal; això no ha de passar."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1819
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Ja al dia!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1828
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "la fusió dels arbres %s i %s ha fallat"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1858
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Camí no processat??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1906
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Fusionant:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1919
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "s'ha trobat %u avantpassat:"
+msgstr[1] "s'han trobat %u avantpassats:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1956
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "la fusió no ha retornat cap comissió"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2013
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar l'objecte '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2024 builtin/merge.c:646
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure l'índex."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "No es pot cometre un arbre de notes no inicialitzat / no referenciat"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valor de notes.rewriteMode dolent: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Refusant reescriure les notes en %s (fora de refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valor dolent de %s: '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar l'objecte: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:570
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "ús: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr " o: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:629
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nom de camp mal format '%s'"
+
+#: path.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut fer %s escrivible pel grup"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"els ajusts d'especificació de camí 'glob' i 'noglob' globals són "
+"incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"l'ajust d'especificació de camí 'literal' global és incompatible amb tots "
+"els altres ajusts d'especificació de camí globals"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "paràmetre no vàlid per a la màgia d'especificació de camí 'prefix'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Màgia d'especificació de camí no vàlida '%.*s' en '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "')' mancant al final de la màgia d'especificació de camí en '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Màgia d'especificació de camí no implementada '%c' en '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: 'literal' i 'glob' són incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: '%s' és fora del dipòsit"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "L'especificació '%s' és en el submòdul '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s: aquesta ordre no és compatible amb la màgia d'especificació de camí: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "l'especificació de camí '%s' és més enllà d'un enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha res a excloure per patrons :(exclusió).\n"
+"Potser heu oblidat afegir o ':/' o '.' ?"
+
+#: pretty.c:969
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el format --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "fet"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version establert, però el valor no és vàlid.\n"
+"Usant la versió %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION establert, però el valor no és vàlid.\n"
+"Usant la versió %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:761 builtin/merge.c:872 builtin/merge.c:974
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a escriptura"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2374
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut suprimir la referència %s: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2377
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut suprimir les referències: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2386
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut eliminar la referència %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "format esperat: %%(color:<color>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "color no reconegut: %%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "format no reconegut: %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) no accepta paràmetres"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) no accepta paràmetres"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "valor positiu esperat contents:lines=%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "paràmetre %%(contents) no reconegut: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "paràmetre %%(objectname) no reconegut: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "format esperat: %%(align:<amplada>,<posició>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "posició no reconeguda:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "amplada no reconeguda:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "paràmetre %%(align) no reconegut: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "amplada positiva esperada amb l'àtom %%(align)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "nom d'objecte mal format: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "nom de camp desconegut: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "format: s'ha usat l'àtom %%(end) sense l'àtom corresponent"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "cadena de format mal format %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= requereix un paràmetre enter positiu"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "la referència '%s' no té %ld components per a :strip"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "format de %.*s desconegut %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "manca l'objecte %s per a %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "parse_object_buffer ha fallat en %s per a %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "objecte mal format a '%s'"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "ignorant la referència amb nom trencat %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "ignorant la referència trencada %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "format: manca l'àtom %%(end)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nom d'objecte %s mal format"
+
+#: remote.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "No es pot obtenir ambdós %s i %s a %s"
+
+#: remote.c:749
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s generalment segueix %s, no %s"
+
+#: remote.c:753
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s segueix ambdós %s i %s"
+
+#: remote.c:761
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Error intern"
+
+#: remote.c:1677 remote.c:1720
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD no assenyala cap branca"
+
+#: remote.c:1686
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "no hi ha tal branca: '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1689
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "cap font configurada per a la branca '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1695
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "La branca font '%s' no s'emmagatzema com a branca amb seguiment remot"
+
+#: remote.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"el destí de pujada '%s' en el remot '%s' no té cap branca seguidora local"
+
+#: remote.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "la branca '%s' no té cap remot al qual pujar"
+
+#: remote.c:1736
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "les especificacions de referència de '%s' no inclouen '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1749
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "push no té destí (push.default és 'nothing')"
+
+#: remote.c:1771
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "no es pot resoldre una pujada 'simple' a un sol destí"
+
+#: remote.c:2073
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "La vostra branca està basada en '%s', però la font no hi és.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2077
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git branch --unset-upstream\" per a arreglar)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "La vostra branca està al dia amb '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2084
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "La vostra branca està davant de '%s' per %d comissió.\n"
+msgstr[1] "La vostra branca està davant de '%s' per %d comissions.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2090
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git push\" per a publicar les vostres comissions locals)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2093
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"La vostra branca està darrere de '%s' per %d comissió, i pot avançar-se "
+"ràpidament.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"La vostra branca està darrere de '%s' per %d comissions, i pot avançar-se "
+"ràpidament.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2101
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr " (useu \"git pull\" per a actualitzar la vostra branca local)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"La vostra branca i '%s' s'han divergit,\n"
+"i tenen %d i %d comissió distinta cada una, respectivament.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"La vostra branca i '%s' s'han divergit,\n"
+"i tenen %d i %d comissions distintes cada una, respectivament.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2114
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git pull\" per a fusionar la branca remota a la vostra)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2131
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "la vostra branca actual sembla trencada"
+
+#: revision.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "la vostra branca actual '%s' encara no té cap comissió"
+
+#: revision.c:2328
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent és incompatible amb --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en obrir /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) ha fallat"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en firmar el certificat de pujada"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "el destí receptor no admet pujar --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"no enviant una certificació de pujada perquè el destí receptor no admet "
+"pujar --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "el destí receptor no admet pujar --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"després de resoldre els conflictes, marqueu els camins\n"
+"corregits amb 'git add <camins>' o 'git rm <camins>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"després de resoldre els conflictes, marqueu els camins\n"
+"corregits amb 'git add <camins>' o 'git rm <camins>'\n"
+"i cometeu el resultat amb 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:913
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure a %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Error en finalitzar %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Els vostres canvis locals se sobreescriurien pel recull de cireres."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Els vostres canvis locals se sobreescriurien per la reversió."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Cometeu els vostres canvis o emmagatzemeu-los per a procedir."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: No s'ha pogut escriure un fitxer d'índex nou"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut resoldre la comissió HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut actualitzar l'arbre cau\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió mare %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "El vostre fitxer d'índex està sense fusionar."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "La comissió %s és una fusió però no s'ha donat cap opció -m."
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "La comissió %s no té mare %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha especificat la línia principal però la comissió %s no és una fusió."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: no es pot analitzar la comissió mare %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "No es pot obtenir el missatge de comissió de %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut revertir %s...%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut aplicar %s...%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "conjunt de comissions buit passat"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: s'ha fallat en llegir l'índex"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: s'ha fallat en actualitzar l'índex"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "No es pot %s durant un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar la línia %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Cap comissió analitzada."
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Full d'instruccions inusable: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Clau no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valor no vàlid per a %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Full d'opcions mal format: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "un recull de cireres o una reversió ja està en curs"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "intenteu \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut crear el directori de seqüenciador %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:917
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Error en finalitzar %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:987
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "ni hi ha cap recull de cireres ni cap reversió en curs"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "no es pot resoldre HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "no es pot avortar des d'una branca que encara ha de nàixer"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/apply.c:4287
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:882
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "final de fitxer inesperat"
+
+#: sequencer.c:888
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "el fitxer HEAD emmagatzemat abans del recull de cireres '%s' és malmès"
+
+#: sequencer.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut formatar %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: no es pot recollir com a cirera un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1058
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: revisió dolenta"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "No es pot revertir com a comissió inicial"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1093
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "No es pot recollir cireres en un cap buit"
+
+#: setup.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en llegir %s"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "desplaçament abans de la fi del fitxer de paquet (.idx trencat?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2459
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr ""
+"desplaçament abans d'inici d'índex de paquet per a %s (índex corromput?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2463
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr ""
+"desplaçament més enllà de la fi d'índex de paquet per a %s (índex truncat?)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git normalment mai crea una referència que acabi amb 40 caràcters\n"
+"hexadecimals perquè s'ignorarà quan només especifiqueu 40 caràcters\n"
+"hexadecimals. Aquestes referències es poden crear per error. Per\n"
+"exemple,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"on \"$br\" és d'alguna manera buit i una referència de 40 caràcters\n"
+"hexadecimals. Si us plau, examineu aquestes referències i potser\n"
+"suprimiu-les. Desactiveu aquest missatge executant\n"
+"\"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: submodule.c:62 submodule.c:96
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot canviar un .gitmodules no fusionat, primer resoldreu els "
+"conflictes de fusió"
+
+#: submodule.c:66 submodule.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar la secció en .gitmodules on path=%s"
+
+#: submodule.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut actualitzar l'entrada de .gitmodules %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut eliminar l'entrada de .gitmodules per a %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:118
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "L'allistament del .gitmodules actualitzat ha fallat"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "l'execució de l'ordre de remolc '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "valor desconegut '%s' per a la clau '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "més d'un %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "fitxa de remolc buida en el remolc '%.*s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el fitxer d'entrada '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir des d'stdin"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut fer stat a %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "el fitxer %s no és un fitxer regular"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "el fitxer %s no és gravable per l'usuari"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir el fitxer temporal"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut canviar el nom del fitxer temporal a %s"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir la referència %s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:203
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Agafant fitxers"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "l'esquema d'URL no és vàlida o li manca el sufix '://'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "seqüència d'escapament %XX no vàlida"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "manca la màquina i l'esquema no és 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "un URL 'file:' no pot tenir número de port"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "hi ha caràcters no vàlids en el nom de màquina"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "número de port no vàlid"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "segment de camí '..' no vàlid"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a lectura i escriptura"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a escriptura"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/commit.c:1691
+#: builtin/merge.c:1075 builtin/pull.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a lectura"
+
+#: wrapper.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut accedir a '%s': %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:632
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut accedir a '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:640
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obtenir el directori de treball actual"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a escriptura"
+
+#: wrapper.c:678 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure a %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:684
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut tancar %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:149
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Camins sense fusionar:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:176 wt-status.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git reset %s <fitxer>...\" per a desallistar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:178 wt-status.c:205
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rm --cached <fitxer>...\" per a desallistar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:182
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git add <fitxer>...\" per a senyalar resolució)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:184 wt-status.c:188
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git add/rm <fitxer>...\" segons sigui apropiat per a senyalar "
+"resolució)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:186
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rm <fitxer>...\" per a senyalar resolució)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:197 wt-status.c:880
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Canvis a cometre:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:215 wt-status.c:889
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Canvis no allistats per a cometre:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:219
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git add <fitxer>...\" per a actualitzar què es cometrà)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:221
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git add/rm <fitxer>...\" per a actualitzar què es cometrà)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git checkout -- <fitxer>...\" per a descartar els canvis en el "
+"directori de treball)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:224
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (cometeu o descarteu el contingut modificat o no seguit en els submòduls)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:236
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git %s <fitxer>...\" per a incloure-ho en què es cometrà)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:251
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "suprimit per ambdós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:253
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "afegit per nosaltres:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:255
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "suprimit per ells:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:257
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "afegit per ells:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:259
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "suprimit per nosaltres:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:261
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "afegit per ambdós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:263
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "modificat per ambdós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "bug: estat no fusionat no gestionat %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:273
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "fitxer nou:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:275
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "copiat:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:277
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "suprimit:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:279
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "modificat:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:281
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "canviat de nom:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:283
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "canviat de tipus:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:285
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "desconegut:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:287
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "sense fusionar:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:369
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "comissions noves, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:371
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "contingut modificat, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:373
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "contingut no seguit, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "bug: estat de diferència no gestionat %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:754
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Submòduls canviats però no actualitzats:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:756
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Canvis de submòdul a cometre:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:837
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"No toqueu la línia de sobre.\n"
+"Tot el que hi ha a sota s'eliminarà."
+
+#: wt-status.c:948
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Teniu camins sense fusionar."
+
+#: wt-status.c:951
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (arregleu els conflictes i executeu \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:954
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tots els conflictes estan arreglats però encara esteu fusionant."
+
+#: wt-status.c:957
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git commit\" per a concloure la fusió)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:967
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Esteu enmig d'una sessió am."
+
+#: wt-status.c:970
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "El pedaç actual està buit."
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (arregleu els conflictes i després executeu \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git am --skip\" per a ometre aquest pedaç)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git am --abort\" per a restaurar la branca original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "No s'ha fet cap ordre."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "Última ordre fet (%d ordre feta):"
+msgstr[1] "Últimes ordres fetes (%d ordres fetes):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  (vegeu més en el fitxer %s)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "No manca cap ordre."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "Ordre següent a fer (manca %d ordre):"
+msgstr[1] "Ordres següents a fer (manquen %d ordres):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rebase --edit-todo\" per a veure i editar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu rebasant la branca '%s' en '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu rebasant."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (arregleu els conflictes i després executeu \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rebase --skip\" per a saltar aquest pedaç)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rebase --abort\" per a agafar la branca original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tots els conflictes arreglats: executeu \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Actualment esteu dividint una comissió mentre rebaseu la branca '%s' en '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu dividint una comissió durant un rebasament."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Una vegada que el vostre directori de treball sigui net, executeu \"git "
+"rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Actualment esteu editant una comissió mentre rebaseu la branca '%s' en '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu editant una comissió durant un rebasament."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git commit --amend\" per a esmenar la comissió actual)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git rebase --continue\" una vegada que esteu satisfet amb els "
+"vostres canvis)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu recollint com a cirera la comissió %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (arregleu els conflictes i executeu \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (tots els conflictes arreglats: executeu \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git cherry-pick --abort\" per a cancel·lar l'operació de recull de "
+"cireres)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu revertint la comissió %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (arregleu els conflictes i executeu \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (tots els conflictes estan arreglats: executeu \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git revert --abort\" per a cancel·lar l'operació de reversió)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu bisecant, heu començat des de la branca '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu bisecant."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git bisect reset\" per a tornar a la branca original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1438
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "En la branca "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1444
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebasament interactiu en progrés; sobre "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1446
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebasament en progrés; sobre "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1451
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD separat a "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1453
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD separat de "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1456
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Actualment no en cap branca."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1474
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Comissió inicial"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1488
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Fitxers no seguits"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1490
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Fitxers ignorats"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1494
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha trigat %.2f segons a enumerar fitxers no seguits.\n"
+"'status -uno' pot accelerar-ho, però heu d'anar amb compte de no\n"
+"oblidar-vos d'afegir fitxers nous per vós mateix (vegeu\n"
+"'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1500
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Els fitxers no seguits no estan llistats%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1502
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (useu l'opció -u per a mostrar els fitxers no seguits)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1508
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Sense canvis"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1513
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"no hi ha canvis afegits a cometre (useu \"git add\" o \"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "no hi ha canvis afegits a cometre\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1519
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"no hi ha res afegit a cometre però fitxers no seguits estan presents (useu "
+"\"git add\" per a seguir-los)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "no hi ha res afegit a cometre però fitxers no seguits estan presents\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"no hi ha res a cometre (creeu/copieu fitxers i useu \"git add\" per a seguir-"
+"los)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1528 wt-status.c:1533
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "no hi ha res a cometre\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"no hi ha res a cometre (useu -u per a mostrar els fitxers no seguits)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "no hi ha res a cometre, directori de treball net\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1642
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Comissió inicial en "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1646
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (sense branca)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1675
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "no hi és"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1677 wt-status.c:1685
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "darrere "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1680 wt-status.c:1683
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "davant per "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en desenllaçar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<opcions>] [--] <especificació-de-camí>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "estat de diff inesperat %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:278
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en actualitzar els fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "elimina '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Canvis no allistats després d'actualitzar l'índex:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:797
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a escriptura."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure el pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "l'edició del pedaç ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut fer stat a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "El pedaç és buit. Avortat."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut aplicar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Els camins següents s'ignoren per un dels vostres fitxers .gitignore:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:189 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "marxa en sec"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4561 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:558
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "sigues detallat"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "recull interactiu"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1155 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "selecciona els trossos interactivament"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "edita la diferència actual i aplica-la"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "permet afegir fitxers que d'altra manera s'ignoren"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "actualitza els fitxers seguits"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "registra només el fet que el camí s'afegirà més tard"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "afegeix els canvis de tots els fitxers seguits i no seguits"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignora els camins eliminats en l'arbre de treball (el mateix que --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "no afegeixis, només actualitza l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "només omet els fitxers que no es poden afegir a causa d'errors"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+"comproveu si els fitxers - fins i tot els absents - s'ignoren en marxa en sec"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Useu -f si realment els voleu afegir.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "l'afegiment de fitxers ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A i -u són mutualment incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "L'opció --ignore-missing només es pot usar junt amb --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Res especificat, res afegit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Potser volíeu dir 'git add .'?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:337 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:35
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "fitxer d'índex malmès"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4659 builtin/mv.c:280 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure un fitxer d'índex nou"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:738 builtin/merge.c:1078
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar l'script d'autor"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "s'ha suprimit '%s' per el ganxo applypatch-msg"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Línia d'entrada mal formada: '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en copiar les notes de '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "fseek ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:772 builtin/am.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a lectura: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a escriptura: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el pedaç '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "només una sèrie de pedaços StGIT es pot aplicar a la vegada"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:901
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "marca de temps no vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:904 builtin/am.c:912
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "línia Date no vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:909
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "desplaçament de zona de temps no vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:996
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "La detecció de format de pedaç ha fallat."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1001 builtin/clone.c:378
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en crear el directori '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1005
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en dividir els pedaços."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1137 builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer d'índex"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "Quan hàgiu resolt aquest problema, executeu \"%s --continue\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr "Si preferiu saltar aquest pedaç, executeu \"%s --skip\" en lloc."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1190
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Per a restaurar la branca original i deixar d'apedaçar, executeu \"%s --abort"
+"\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1328
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "El pedaç és buit. S'ha dividit malament?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1402 builtin/log.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "línia d'identitat no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1429
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1631
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Al dipòsit li manquen els blobs necessaris per a retrocedir a una fusió de 3 "
+"vies."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1633
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Usant la informació d'índex per a reconstruir un arbre base..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1652
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Heu editat el vostre pedaç a mà?\n"
+"No s'aplica als blobs recordats en el seu índex."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1658
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Retrocedint a apedaçar la base i fusionar de 3 vies..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1673
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en fusionar els canvis."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1697 builtin/merge.c:633
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree ha fallat en escriure un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1704
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "aplicant a una història buida"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1717 builtin/commit.c:1755 builtin/merge.c:830
+#: builtin/merge.c:855
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en escriure l'objecte de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1749 builtin/am.c:1753
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "no es pot reprendre: %s no existeix."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1769
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"no es pot ser interactiu sense que stdin sigui connectat a un terminal."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1774
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "El cos de la comissió és:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1784
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr ""
+"Voleu aplicar-lo? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dita/[v]isualitza el pedaç/[a]ccepta'ls "
+"tots: "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1834
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "�ndex brut: no es pot aplicar pedaços (bruts: %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1869 builtin/am.c:1941
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "Aplicant: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1885
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Sense canvis -- El pedaç ja s'ha aplicat."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1893
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "El pedaç ha fallat a %s %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1899
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "La còpia del pedaç que ha fallat es troba en: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1944
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Cap canvi - heu oblidat d'usar 'git add'?\n"
+"Si no hi ha res a allistar, probablement alguna altra cosa\n"
+"ja ha introduït els mateixos canvis; potser voleu ometre aquest pedaç."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1951
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Encara teniu camins sense fusionar en el vostre índex.\n"
+"Heu oblidat d'usar 'git add'?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2059 builtin/am.c:2063 builtin/am.c:2075 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar l'objecte '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2111
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en netejar l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2145
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Sembla que heu mogut HEAD després de l'última fallada de 'am'.\n"
+"No rebobinant a ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2206
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "Valor no vàlid per a --patch-format: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<opcions>] [(<bústia>|<directori-de-correu>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2240
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<opcions>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2246
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "executa interactivament"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2248
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "opció històrica -- no-op"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "permet retrocedir a una fusió de 3 vies si és necessari"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2251 builtin/init-db.c:474 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "calla"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2253
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "afegeix una línia Signed-off-by al missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2256
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "recodifica en utf8 (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2258
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passa la bandera -k al git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2260
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passa la bandera -b al git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2262
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passa la bandera -m al git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2264
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "passa la bandera --keep-cr al git-mailsplit pel format mbox"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2267
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr ""
+"no passis la bandera --keep-cr al git-mailsplit independent de am.keepcr"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "despulla tot abans d'una línia de tissores"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "acció"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2272 builtin/am.c:2275 builtin/am.c:2278 builtin/am.c:2281
+#: builtin/am.c:2284 builtin/am.c:2287 builtin/am.c:2290 builtin/am.c:2293
+#: builtin/am.c:2299
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "passa-ho a través del git-apply"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2280 builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "arrel"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/apply.c:4506
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509 builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:171 builtin/submodule--helper.c:72
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:160 builtin/submodule--helper.c:163
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "camí"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:704 builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:131 builtin/pull.c:185
+#: builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182 builtin/show-branch.c:645
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340 parse-options.h:132
+#: parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2292 builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "número"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2296
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "el format en el qual estan els pedaços"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2302
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr ""
+"passa per alt el missatge d'error quan s'ocorre una fallada en apedaçar"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2304
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "segueix aplicant pedaços després de resoldre un conflicte"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2307
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "sinònims de --continue"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2310
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "salta el pedaç actual"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2313
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr "restaura la branca original i avorta l'operació d'apedaçament."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2317
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "menteix sobre la data del comitent"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2319
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "usa el marc de temps actual per la data d'autor"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321 builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:225
+#: builtin/pull.c:159 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "ID de clau"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2322
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "firma les comissions amb GPG"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2325
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(ús intern per al git-rebase)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2340
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Fa molt que l'opció -b/--binary no ha fet res, i\n"
+"s'eliminarà. Si us plau, no l'useu més."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2347
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en llegir l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2362
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"un directori de rebasament anterior %s encara existeix però s'ha donat una "
+"bústia."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2386
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Directori %s extraviat trobat.\n"
+"Useu \"git am --abort\" per a eliminar-lo."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2392
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Operació de resolució no en curs; no reprenem."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<opcions>] [<pedaç>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "opció d'espai en blanc '%s' no reconeguda"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "opció d'ignoral d'espai en blanc '%s' no reconeguda"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "No es pot preparar l'expressió regular de marca de temps %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec ha retornat %d per l'entrada: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut trobar el nom de fitxer en el pedaç a la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:940
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff dolent - /dev/null esperat, %s rebut en la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff dolent - nom de fitxer nou inconsistent en la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:945
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff dolent - nom de fitxer antic inconsistent en la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff dolent - /dev/null esperat en la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1415
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recompte: línia inesperada: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fragment de pedaç sense capçalera a la línia %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1489
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"a la capçalera de git diff li manca informació de nom de fitxer en eliminar "
+"%d component de nom de camí inicial (línia %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"a la capçalera de git diff li manca informació de nom de fitxer en eliminar "
+"%d components de nom de camí inicial (línia %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1655
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "el fitxer nou depèn dels continguts antics"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1657
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "el fitxer suprimit encara té continguts"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1683
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "el pedaç és malmès a la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1719
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "el fitxer nou %s depèn dels continguts antics"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1721
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "el fitxer suprimit %s encara té continguts"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1724
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** avís: el fitxer %s queda buit però no se suprimeix"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1870
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "pedaç binari malmès a la línia %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1899
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "pedaç binari no reconegut a la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2050
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "pedaç amb només escombraries a la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2140
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir l'enllaç simbòlic %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2144
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir o llegir %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2777
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "inici de línia no vàlid: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2896
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "El tros #%d ha tingut èxit a %d (desplaçament %d línia)."
+msgstr[1] "El tros #%d ha tingut èxit a %d (desplaçament %d línies)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2908
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "El context s'ha reduït a (%ld/%ld) per a aplicar el fragment a %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2914
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"tot cercant:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2934
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "manquen les dades de pedaç binari de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3035
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "el pedaç binari no s'aplica a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3041
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"el pedaç binari a '%s' crea un resultat incorrecte (esperant %s, %s rebut)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3062
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "el pedaç ha fallat: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3186
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "no es pot agafar %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3231 builtin/apply.c:3242 builtin/apply.c:3287
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "la lectura de %s ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3239
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "llegint de '%s' més enllà d'un enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3267 builtin/apply.c:3489
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "el camí %s s'ha canviat de nom / s'ha suprimit"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3348 builtin/apply.c:3503
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: no existeix en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3352 builtin/apply.c:3495 builtin/apply.c:3517
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3357 builtin/apply.c:3511
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: no coincideix amb l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3459
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "el pedaç d'eliminació deixa els continguts dels fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: tipus erroni"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3530
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s és del tipus %o, s'esperava %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3689 builtin/apply.c:3691
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "camí no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3746
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: ja existeix en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3749
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: ja existeix en el directori de treball"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3769
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "el mode nou (%o) de %s no coincideix amb el mode antic (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3774
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "el mode nou (%o) de %s no coincideix amb el mode antic (%o) de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3794
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "el fitxer afectat '%s' és més enllà d'un enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3798
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: el pedaç no s'aplica"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3812
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Comprovant el pedaç %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3905 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry ha fallat per al camí '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4048
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut eliminar %s de l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "pedaç malmès per al submòdul %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4081
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut fer stat al fitxer novament creat '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4086
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+"no s'ha pogut crear un magatzem de recolzament per al fitxer novament creat "
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4089 builtin/apply.c:4197
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut afegir una entrada de cau per a %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4122
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "tancant el fitxer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer '%s' mode %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "El pedaç %s s'ha aplicat netament."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4266
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "error intern"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Aplicant el pedaç %%s amb %d rebuig"
+msgstr[1] "Aplicant el pedaç %%s amb %d rebuitjos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4279
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "truncant el nom del fitxer .rej a %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "El tros #%d s'ha aplicat netament."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4303
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "S'ha rebutjat el tros #%d."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "entrada no reconeguda"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4404
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir el fitxer d'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4507
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "no apliquis els canvis que coincideixin amb el camí donat"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4510
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "aplica els canvis que coincideixin amb el camí donat"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4513
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr ""
+"elimina <nombre> barres obliqües inicials dels camins de diferència "
+"tradicionals"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4516
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignora afegiments fets pel pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr ""
+"en lloc d'aplicar el pedaç, emet les estadístiques de diferència de l'entrada"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "mostra el nombre de línies afegides i suprimides en notació decimal"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "en lloc d'aplicar el pedaç, emet un resum de l'entrada"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "en lloc d'aplicar el pedaç, veges si el pedaç és aplicable"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "assegura que el pedaç sigui aplicable a l'índex actual"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "aplica un pedaç sense tocar l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "accepta un pedaç que toqui fora de l'àrea de treball"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "aplica el pedaç també (useu amb --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "intenta una fusió de tres vies si el pedaç no s'aplica"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "construeix un índex temporal basat en la informació d'índex incrustada"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4541 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "els camins se separen amb el caràcter NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "assegura't que almenys <n> línies de context coincideixin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr ""
+"detecta les línies noves o modificades que tinguin errors d'espai en blanc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548 builtin/apply.c:4551
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignora els canvis d'espai en blanc en cercar context"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "aplica el pedaç al revés"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "no esperis almenys una línia de context"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "deixa els trossos rebutjats en fitxers *.reg coresspondents"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "permet trossos encavalcants"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4563
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "tolera una línia nova incorrectament detectada al final del fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4566
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "no confiïs en els recomptes de línia en les capçaleres dels trossos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4569
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "anteposa <arrel> a tots els noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4591
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way fora d'un dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4599
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index fora d'un dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4602
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached fora d'un dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4621
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir el pedaç '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4635
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "%d error d'espai en blanc omès"
+msgstr[1] "%d errors d'espai en blanc omesos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4641 builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d línia afegeix errors d'espai en blanc."
+msgstr[1] "%d línies afegeixen errors d'espai en blanc."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot crear el fitxer d'arxiu '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut redirigir la sortida"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Remot sense URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: ACK/NAK esperat, EOF rebut"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: %s NACK"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "error remot: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: error de protocol"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: rentada esperada"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "realitza 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "actualitza BISECT_HEAD en lloc d'agafar la comissió actual"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<opcions>] [<opcions-de-revisió>] [<revisió>] [--] fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "es documenten les <opcions-de-revisió> en git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "Culpant les línies"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2530
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Mostra les entrades de culpa mentre les trobem, incrementalment"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra un SHA-1 en blanc per les comissions de frontera (Per defecte: "
+"desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"No tractis les comissions d'arrel com a límits (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Mostra les estadístiques de preu de treball"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Força l'informe de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Mostra la puntuació de sortida de les entrades de culpa"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Mostra el nom de fitxer original (Per defecte: automàtic)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostra el número de línia original (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Presenta en un format dissenyat per consumpció per màquina"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Mostra el format de porcellana amb informació de comissió per línia"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Usa el mateix mode de sortida que git-annotate (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostra la marca de temps crua (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostra l'SHA1 de comissió llarg (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Omet el nom d'autor i la marca de temps (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra l'adreça de correu electrònic de l'autor en lloc del nom (Per "
+"defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignora les diferències d'espai en blanc"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Gasta cicles extres per a trobar una coincidència millor"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Usa les revisions de <fitxer> en lloc d'invocar git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Usa els continguts de <fitxer> com a la imatge final"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549 builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "puntuació"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Troba còpies de línia dins i a través dels fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Troba moviments de línia dins i a través dels fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Processa només el rang de línies n,m, comptant des d'1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2640
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "fa 4 anys i 11 mesos"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] [-l] [-f] <nom-de-branca> [<punt-inicial>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] [-r] (-d | -D) <nom-de-branca>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] (-m | -M) [<branca-antiga>] <branca-nova>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"suprimint la branca '%s' que s'ha fusionat a\n"
+"         '%s', però encara no s'ha fusionat\n"
+"         a HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"no suprimint la branca '%s' que encara no s'ha\n"
+"         fusionat a '%s', encara que està\n"
+"         fusionada a HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar l'objecte de comissió de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:164
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca '%s' no està totalment fusionada.\n"
+"Si esteu segur que la voleu suprimir, executeu 'git branch -D %s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:177
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "L'actualització del fitxer de configuració ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:205
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "no es pot usar -a amb -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:211
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar l'objecte de comissió de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "No es pot suprimir la branca '%s', en la qual sou actualment."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "no s'ha trobat la branca amb seguiment remot '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:236
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "no s'ha trobat la branca '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:251
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Error en suprimir la branca amb seguiment remot '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Error en suprimir la branca '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "S'ha suprimit la branca amb seguiment remot %s (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "S'ha suprimit la branca %s (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:303
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: no hi és]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:308
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: darrere per %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[darrere de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: davant per %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[davant de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: davant per %d, darrere per %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[davant %d, darrere %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:340
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** referència no vàlida ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(cap branca, rebasant %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(cap branca, bisecció començada en %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD separat a %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:378
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD separat de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:382
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(cap branca)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:524
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "no es pot canviar el nom de la branca actual mentre no s'és a cap."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nom de branca no vàlid: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:549
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "El canvi de nom de branca ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:553
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "S'ha canviat el nom de la branca malanomenada '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:557
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "S'ha canviat el nom de la branca a %s, però HEAD no està actualitzat!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:564
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"La branca està canviada de nom, però l'actualització del fitxer de "
+"configuració ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure la plantilla de descripció de branca: %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:615
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Opcions genèriques"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:617
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "mostra el hash i l'assumpte, doneu dues vegades per la branca font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:618
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "omet els missatges informatius"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:619
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "configura el mode de seguiment (vegeu git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:621
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "canvia la informació de font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:625
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "usa sortida colorada"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:626
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "actua en branques amb seguiment remot"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:628 builtin/branch.c:629
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les branques que continguin la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:632
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Accions de git-branch específiques:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:633
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "llista les branques amb seguiment remot i les locals"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:635
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "suprimeix la branca si està completament fusionada"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:636
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "suprimeix la branca (encara que no estigui fusionada)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "mou/canvia de nom una branca i el seu registre de referència"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:638
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "mou/canvia de nom una branca, encara que el destí existeixi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:639
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "llista els noms de branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:640
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "crea el registre de referència de la branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:642
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "edita la descripció de la branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:643
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "força creació, moviment/canvi de nom, supressió"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:644
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les branques que s'han fusionat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:645
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les branques que no s'han fusionat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:646
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "llista les branques en columnes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:647 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "clau"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:648 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "nom del camp en el qual ordenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:650 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objecte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les branques de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en resoldre HEAD com a referència vàlida."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673 builtin/clone.c:705
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD no trobat sota refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:693
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column i --verbose són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:704 builtin/branch.c:746
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "cal el nom de branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "No es pot donar descripció a un HEAD separat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:727
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "no es pot editar la descripció de més d'una branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:734
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Encara no hi ha comissió en la branca '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "No hi ha branca amb nom '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:752
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "hi ha massa branques per a una operació de canvi de nom"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:757
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "hi ha massa branques per a establir una nova font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"no s'ha pogut establir la font de HEAD com a %s quan no assenyala cap branca."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:764 builtin/branch.c:786 builtin/branch.c:807
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "no hi ha tal branca '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branca '%s' no existeix"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:780
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "hi ha massa branques per a desestablir la font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:784
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"no s'ha pogut desestablir la font de HEAD perquè no assenyala cap branca."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "La branca '%s' no té informació de font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "no té sentit crear 'HEAD' manualment"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:810
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"les opcions -a i -r a 'git branch' no tenen sentit amb un nom de branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:813
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La bandera --set-upstream està desaprovada i s'eliminarà. Considereu usar --"
+"track o --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si volíeu fer '%s' seguir '%s', feu això:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s està bé\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Cal un dipòsit per a fer un farcell."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Cal un dipòsit per a desfer un farcell."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<tipus>|--textconv) <objecte>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<tipus> pot ser un de: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "mostra el tipus de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "mostra la mida de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "surt amb zero quan no hi ha error"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "imprimeix bellament el contingut de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "en els objectes de blob, executa textconv en el contingut de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "permet que -s i -t funcionin amb objectes trencats/malmesos"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "posa la sortida de --batch en memòria intermèdia"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra la informació i contingut dels objectes rebuts de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "mostra informació sobre els objectes rebuts de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr ""
+"segueix els enllaços simbòlics en l'arbre (s'usa amb --batch o --batch-check)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "mostra tots els objectes amb --batch o --batch-check"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <atribut>...] [--] <nom-de-camí>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <atribut>...]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "informa de tots els atributs establerts en el fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "usa .gitattributes només des de l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix els noms de fitxer d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "acaba els registres d'entrada i de sortida amb un caràcter NUL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "omet el reportatge de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "mostra els camins d'entrada que no coincideixin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignora l'índex en comprovar"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "no es pot especificar noms de camí amb --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z només té sentit amb --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "cap camí especificat"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet només és vàlid amb un sol nom de camí"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "no es pot tenir ambdós --quiet i --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching és vàlid només amb --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<opcions>] <contacte>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "també llegeix els contactes des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el contacte: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "no hi ha contactes especificats"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<opcions>] [--] [<fitxer>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "l'etapa ha de ser entre 1 i 3 o all"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "agafa tots els fitxers en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "força la sobreescriptura de fitxers existents"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "cap avís per a fitxers existents i fitxers no en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "no agafis fitxers nous"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "actualitza la informació d'estadístiques en el fitxer d'índex"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "llegeix la llista de camins des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "escriu el contingut a fitxers temporals"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:166 builtin/submodule--helper.c:169
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:172 builtin/submodule--helper.c:175
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "cadena"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "en crear fitxers, anteposa <cadena>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "copia els fitxers des de l'etapa anomenada"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<opcions>] <branca>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<opcions>] [<branca>] -- <fitxer>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' no té la versió nostra"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' no té la versió seva"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' no té totes les versions necessàries"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' no té les versions necessàries"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "camí '%s': no es pot fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut afegir el resultat de fusió per a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:251 builtin/checkout.c:254 builtin/checkout.c:257
+#: builtin/checkout.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' no es pot usar amb actualització de camins"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:263 builtin/checkout.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' no es pot usar amb %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot actualitzar els camins i canviar a la branca '%s' a la vegada."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:280 builtin/checkout.c:474
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "fitxer d'índex malmès"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:340 builtin/checkout.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' està sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:496
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "heu de resoldre el vostre índex actual primer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "No es pot fer reflog per a '%s': %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:661
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD ara és a"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:665 builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut actualitzar HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Restableix la branca '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Ja en '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "S'ha agafat i restablert la branca '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:678 builtin/checkout.c:1068
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "S'ha agafat la branca nova '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "S'ha agafat la branca '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:732
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... i %d més.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Avís: esteu deixant enrere %d comissió, no connectada a\n"
+"cap de les vostres branques:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Avís: esteu deixant enrere %d comissions, no connectades a\n"
+"cap de les vostres branques:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:757
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Si la voleu retenir creant una branca nova, ara pot ser un bon moment\n"
+"per a fer-ho amb:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <nom-de-branca-nova> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Si les voleu retenir creant una branca nova, ara pot ser un bon moment\n"
+"per a fer-ho amb:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <nom-de-branca-nova> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:793
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "error intern en el passeig per revisions"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:797
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "La posició de HEAD anterior era"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:824 builtin/checkout.c:1063
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Sou en una branca que encara ha de nàixer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:969
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "només una referència esperada, %d donades."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/worktree.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "referència no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1038
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "la referència no és un arbre: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1077
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "els camins no es poden usar amb canvi de branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1080 builtin/checkout.c:1084
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' no es pot usar amb canvi de branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1088 builtin/checkout.c:1091 builtin/checkout.c:1096
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' no es pot usar amb '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "No es pot canviar la branca a la no comissió '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137 builtin/checkout.c:1139 builtin/clone.c:84
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:318
+#: builtin/worktree.c:320
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1138
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "crea i agafa una branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "crea/restableix i agafa una branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "crea un registre de referència per a la branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "separa el HEAD a la comissió anomenada"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1143
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "estableix la informació de font de la branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "branca-nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "branca òrfena nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1146
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "agafa la versió nostra dels fitxers sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1148
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "agafa la versió seva dels fitxers sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "agafa a la força (descarta qualsevulla modificació local)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "realitza una fusió de 3 vies amb la branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "actualitza els fitxers ignorats (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153 builtin/log.c:1269 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "estil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1154
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "estil de conflicte (fusió o diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1157
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "no limitis les especificacions de camí només a entrades disperses"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1159
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "dubta 'git checkout <cap-branca-així>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr "no comprovis si altre arbre de treball té la referència donada"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1162 builtin/clone.c:58 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:224 builtin/pull.c:113 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "força l'informe de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1193
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B i --orphan són mutualment exclusius"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1210
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track necessita un nom de branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1215
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Manca el nom de branca; proveu -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1251
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "especificació de camí no vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"No es poden actualitzar els camins i canviar a la branca '%s' a la vegada.\n"
+"Volíeu agafar '%s', la qual no es pot resoldre com a comissió?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach no accepta un paràmetre de camí '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1267
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force i --merge són incompatibles en\n"
+"agafar de l'índex."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <patró>] [-x | -X] [--] <camins>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Eliminant %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Eliminaria %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Saltant el dipòsit %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Saltaria el dipòsit %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en eliminar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Ajuda d'avís:\n"
+"1          - selecciona un ítem numerat\n"
+"foo        - selecciona un ítem basat en un prefix únic\n"
+"           - (buit) no seleccionis res"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Ajuda d'avís:\n"
+"1          - selecciona un sol ítem\n"
+"3-5        - selecciona un rang d'ítems\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - selecciona múltiples rangs\n"
+"foo        - selecciona un ítem basat en un prefix únic\n"
+"-...       - desselecciona els ítems seleccionats\n"
+"*          - tria tots els ítems\n"
+"           - (buit) finalitza la selecció"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Perdó (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Introduïu els patrons a ignorar>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "AV�S: No es pot trobar ítems que coincideixin amb: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Selecciona els ítems a suprimir"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Voleu eliminar %s [y/N]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Adéu."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - comença a netejar\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclou ítems de supressió\n"
+"select by numbers   - selecciona ítems a suprimir per números\n"
+"ask each            - confirma cada supressió (com \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - deixa de netejar\n"
+"help                - aquesta pantalla\n"
+"?                   - ajuda de selecció de l'avís"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Ordres ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "I ara què"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Eliminaria l'ítem següent:"
+msgstr[1] "Eliminaria els ítems següents:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "No hi ha més fitxers a netejar; sortint."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis els noms dels fitxers eliminats"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "força"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "neteja interactiva"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "elimina directoris sencers"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:722
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:307 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "patró"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "afegiu <patró> per a ignorar les regles"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "elimina els fitxers ignorats, també"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "elimina només els fitxers ignorats"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x i -X no es poden usar junts"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce està establerta a veritat i ni -i, -n ni -f s'ha donat; "
+"refusant netejar"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce és per defecte veritat i ni -i, -n ni -f s'ha donat; "
+"refusant netejar"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<opcions>] [--] <dipòsit> [<directori>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:60
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "no facis cap agafament"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:61 builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/init-db.c:469
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "crea un dipòsit nu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:65
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "crea un dipòsit reflectit (implica bare)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "per a clonar des d'un dipòsit local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "no usis enllaços durs locals, sempre copia"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "configura com a dipòsit compartit"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73 builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "inicialitza els submòduls en el clon"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:76 builtin/init-db.c:466
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "directori-de-plantilla"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77 builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "directori del qual les plantilles s'usaran"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79 builtin/submodule--helper.c:173
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "dipòsit de referència"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "usa --reference només en clonar"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:82 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "nom"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "usa <nom> en lloc de 'origin' per a seguir la font"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "agafa <branca> en lloc del HEAD del remot"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "camí a git-upload-pack en el remot"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:665 builtin/pull.c:193
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "profunditat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "crea un clon superficial de tal profunditat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "clona només una branca, HEAD o --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "directori de git"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "separa el directori de git de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "clau=valor"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "estableix la configuració dins del dipòsit nou"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:96 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "usa només les adreces IPv4"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "usa només les adreces IPv6"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:239
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut endevinar cap nom de directori.\n"
+"Si us plau, especifiqueu un directori en la línia d'ordres"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr ""
+"Encara no se suporta el dipòsit de referència '%s' com a agafament enllaçat."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "el dipòsit de referència '%s' no és un dipòsit local."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "el dipòsit de referència '%s' és superficial"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "el dipòsit de referència '%s' és empeltat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:380 builtin/diff.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en fer stat a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:382
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existeix i no és directori"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:396
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en fer stat a '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:418
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en crear l'enllaç '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:422
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en copiar el fitxer a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:447 builtin/clone.c:631
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "fet.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:459
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La clonació ha tingut èxit, però l'agafament ha\n"
+"fallat. Podeu inspeccionar què s'ha agafat amb\n"
+"'git status' i tornar a intentar l'agafament amb\n"
+"'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar la branca remota %s per a clonar."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:626
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Provant connectivitat... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:629
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "el remot no ha enviat tots els objectes necessaris"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut actualizar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:696
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"el HEAD remot es refereix a una referència que no existeix; no s'ha pogut "
+"agafar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:727
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut agafar l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:753
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure les paràmetres al fitxer de configuració"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:816
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "no es pot reempaquetar per a netejar"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:818
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "no es pot desenllaçar el fitxer d'alternatives temporal"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:850
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Hi ha massa paràmetres."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:854
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Heu d'especificar un dipòsit per a clonar."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:865
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "les opcions --bare i --origin %s són incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare i --separate-git-dir són incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:881
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "el dipòsit '%s' no existeix"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:887 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "la profunditat %s no és nombre positiu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "el camí destí '%s' ja existeix i no és un directori buit."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:907
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "l'arbre de treball '%s' ja existeix."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:922 builtin/clone.c:933 builtin/submodule--helper.c:218
+#: builtin/worktree.c:219 builtin/worktree.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear els directoris inicials de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear el directori d'arbre de treball '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonant al dipòsit nu '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:945
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonant a '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:984
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth s'ignora en els clons locals; useu file:// en lloc d'això."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "el dipòsit font és superficial, ignorant --local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:992
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local s'ignora"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "No se sap com clonar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1045 builtin/clone.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "La branca remota %s no es troba en la font %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1056
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Sembla que heu clonat un dipòsit buit."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "cerca les variables de configuració"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "disposició a usar"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Amplada màxima"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Espai d'encoixinada en el marge esquerre"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Espai d'encoixinada en el marge dret"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Espai d'encoixinada entre columnes"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command ha de ser el primer paràmetre"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<opcions>] [--] <especificació-de-camí>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<opcions>] [--] <especificació-de-camí>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"S'han configurat el vostre nom i adreça de correu electrònic\n"
+"automàticament basats en el vostre nom d'usuari i nom de màquina. Si\n"
+"us plau, comproveu que siguin correctes. Podeu suprimir aquest\n"
+"missatge establint-los explícitament. Executeu l'ordre següent i\n"
+"seguiu les instruccions en el vostre editor per editar el vostre\n"
+"fitxer de configuració:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"Després de fer això, podeu arreglar la identitat usada per a aquesta\n"
+"comissió amb:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"S'han configurat el vostre nom i adreça de correu electrònic\n"
+"automàticament basats en el vostre nom d'usuari i nom de màquina. Si\n"
+"us plau, comproveu que siguin correctes. Podeu suprimir aquest\n"
+"missatge establint-los explícitament:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"El Vostre Nom\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email tu@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Després de fer això, podeu arreglar la identitat usada per a aquesta\n"
+"comissió amb:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Heu demanat esmenar la comissió més recent, però fer això la\n"
+"deixaria buida. Podeu repetir la vostra ordre amb --allow-empty, o\n"
+"podeu eliminar la comissió per complet amb \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"El recull de cireres previ ja està buit, possiblement a causa de resolució "
+"de conflicte.\n"
+"Si el voleu cometre de totes maneres, useu:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "D'altra manera, si us plau, useu 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si voleu ometre aquesta comissió, useu:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Llavors \"git cherry-pick --continue\" reprendrà recollint\n"
+"com a cireres les comissions restants.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:305
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en desempaquetar l'objecte d'arbre HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:346
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear un índex temporal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:352
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "l'afegiment interactiu ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut actualitzar l'índex temporal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en actualitzar l'arbre principal de memòria cau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:391 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "no es pot fer una comissió parcial durant una fusió."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "no es pot fer una comissió parcial durant un recull de cireres."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure un fitxer d'índex temporal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "a la comissió '%s' li manca la capçalera d'autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "la comissió '%s' té una línia d'autor mal formada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "paràmetre --author mal format"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "format de data no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"no es pot seleccionar un caràcter de comentari que\n"
+"no sigui usat en el missatge de comissió actual"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut trobar la comissió %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(llegint el missatge de registre des de l'entrada estàndard)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el registre des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el fitxer de registre '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure la plantilla de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sembla que podeu estar cometent una fusió.\n"
+"Si això no és correcte, si us plau, elimineu el fitxer\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"i intenteu-ho de nou.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sembla que podeu estar cometent un recull de cireres.\n"
+"Si això no és correcte, si us plau elimineu el fitxer\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"i intenteu-ho de nou.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, introduïu el missatge de comissió dels vostres canvis.\n"
+"S'ignoraran les línies començant amb '%c', i un missatge de\n"
+"comissió buit avorta la comissió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, introduïu el missatge de comissió dels vostres canvis.\n"
+"Es retindran les línies començants amb '%c'; podeu eliminar-les per vós\n"
+"mateix si voleu. Un missatge buit avorta la comissió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sAutor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sData:      %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sComitent: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "No es pot llegir l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Error en construir arbres"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Si us plau, proveïu el missatge per usar o l'opció -m o l'opció -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' no és 'Nom <adreça-de-correu-electrònic>' i no coincideix amb\n"
+"cap autor existent"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Mode de fitxers no seguits no vàlid '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long i -z són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Usar ambdós --reset-author i --author no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "No teniu res a esmenar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Esteu enmig d'una fusió -- no es pot esmenar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Esteu enmig d'un recull de cireres -- no es pot esmenar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Les opcions --squash i --fixup no es poden usar juntes"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Només un de -c/-C/-F/--fixup es pot usar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "L'opció -m no es pot combinar amb -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author només es pot usar amb -C, -c o --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr "Només un de --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch es pot usar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "--include/--only no té sentit sense camí."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Intel·ligent... esmenant l'últim amb índex brut."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han especificat camins explícits sense -i o -o; presumint camins --only..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Mode de neteja no vàlid %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "-a no té sentit amb camins."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "mostra l'estat concisament"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "mostra la informació de branca"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:430
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "sortida llegible per màquina"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1611
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "mostra l'estat en format llarg (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "acaba les entrades amb NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1617 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "mode"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra els fitxers no seguits, modes opcionals: all, normal, no. (Per "
+"defecte: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "mostra els fitxers ignorats"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "quan"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignora els canvis als submòduls, opcional quan: all, dirty, untracked. (Per "
+"defecte: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "mostra els fitxers no seguits en columnes"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut trobar la comissió novament creada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió novament creada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1477
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD separat"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1480
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (comissió d'arrel)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "omet el resum després d'una comissió reeixida"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1576
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "mostra la diferència en la plantilla de missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Opcions de missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "llegiu el missatge des d'un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "autor corregit de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "data"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "data corregida de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "missatge"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583 builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "reusa i edita el missatge de la comissió especificada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "reusa el missatge de la comissió especificada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"usa el missatge formatat d'aixafada automàtica per a arreglar la comissió "
+"especificada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"usa el missatge formatat d'aixafada automàtica per a aixafar la comissió "
+"especificada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "l'autor de la comissió ja sóc jo (s'usa amb -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588 builtin/log.c:1219 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "afegeix Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de plantilla especificat"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "força l'edició de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "per defecte"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "com despullar els espais i #comentaris del missatge"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "inclou l'estat en la plantilla de missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:160
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "firma la comissió amb GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Opcions dels continguts de les comissions"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "comet tots els fitxers canviats"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "afegeix els fitxers especificats a l'índex per a cometre"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "afegeix els fitxers interactivament"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "afegeix els canvis interactivament"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "comet només els fitxers especificats"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "evita el ganxo de precomissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "mostra què es cometria"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "esmena la comissió anterior"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "evita el ganxo de postreescriure"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "està bé registrar un canvi buit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "està bé registrar un canvi amb missatge buit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1652
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1698
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Fitxer MERGE_HEAD malmès (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1705
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1724
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el missatge de comissió: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Avortant la comissió; no heu editat el missatge.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1740
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Avortant la comissió a causa d'un missatge de comissió buit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1788
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha actualitzat el dipòsit, però no es pot escriure el\n"
+"fitxer new_index. Comproveu que el disc no estigui ple i\n"
+"que la quota no estigui excedida, i després\n"
+"\"git reset HEAD\" per a recuperar."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Ubicació del fitxer de configuració"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de configuració global"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de configuració del sistema"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de configuració del dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de configuració donat"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "ID de blob"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "llegeix la configuració de l'objecte de blob donat"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Acció"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtén valor: nom [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtén tots els valors: clau [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtén valors de regexp: regex-de-noms [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "obtén el valor específic per a l'URL: secció[.variable] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"reemplaça totes les variables que coincideixen: nom valor [regex_de_valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "afegeix una variable nova: nom valor"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "elimina una variable: nom [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "elimina totes les coincidències: nom [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "canvia el nom de secció: nom-antic nom-nou"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "elimina una secció: nom"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "llista tots"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "obre un editor"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "troba el color configurat: ranura [per defecte]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "troba l'ajust de color: ranura [stdout-és-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Tipus"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "el valor és \"true\" o \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "el valor és un nombre decimal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "el valor és --bool o --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "el valor és un camí (nom de fitxer o directori)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Altre"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "acaba els valors amb un octet NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "mostra només els noms de variable"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respecta les directives d'inclusió en cercar"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra l'origen de la configuració (fitxer, entrada estàndar, blob, línia "
+"d'ordres)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el valor de color per defecte"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Això és el fitxer de configuració del Git de l'usuari.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Si us plau, adapteu i descomenteu les línies següents:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "no es pot crear el fitxer de configuració '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "imprimeix les mides en un format llegible pels humans"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [opcions] [<comissió>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<opcions>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "l'etiqueta anotada %s no és disponible"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "l'etiqueta anotada %s no té nom incrustat"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "l'etiqueta '%s' realment és '%s' aquí"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "%s no és un nom d'objecte vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s no és un objecte de '%s' vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "cap etiqueta coincideix exactament amb '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "cercant per a descriure %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "s'ha finalitzat la cerca a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Cap etiqueta anotada pot descriure '%s'.\n"
+"No obstant, hi havia etiquetes no anotades: proveu --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Cap etiqueta pot descriure '%s'.\n"
+"Proveu --always, o creeu algunes etiquetes."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "%lu comissions travessades\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"s'han trobat més de %i etiquetes: s'han llistat les %i més recents\n"
+"s'ha renunciat la cerca a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "troba l'etiqueta que vingui després de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "estratègia de cerca de depuració en stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "usa qualsevulla referència"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "usa qualsevulla etiqueta, fins i tot aquelles sense anotar"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "sempre usa el format llarg"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "només segueix la primera mare"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "emet només coincidències exactes"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "considera les <n> etiquetes més recents (per defecte: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "només considera les etiquetes que coincideixen amb <patró>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "mostra l'objecte de comissió abreviat com a retrocediment"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "marca"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "annexa <marca> en l'arbre de treball brut (per defecte: \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long és incompatible amb --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Cap nom trobat, no es pot descriure res."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty és incompatible amb les comissions"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s': no és ni fitxer regular ni enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "opció no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "No és un dipòsit de git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "s'ha donat un objecte no vàlid '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha donat més de dos blobs: '%s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "s'ha donat l'objecte no gestionat '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [opcions-de-llista-de-revisions]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "mostra el progrés després de <n> objectes"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "selecciona la gestió de les etiquetes firmades"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "selecciona la gestió de les etiquetes que etiquetin objectes filtrats"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Bolca les marques a aquest fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Importa les marques d'aquest fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Fingeix un etiquetador quan els en manca un a les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Imprimeix l'arbre complet de cada comissió"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Usa la característica done per a acabar el corrent"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Salta l'emissió de dades de blob"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "especificació de referència"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Aplica l'especificació de referència a les referències exportades"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "anonimitza la sortida"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<opcions>] [<dipòsit> [<especificació-de-referència>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<opcions>] <grup>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<opcions>] [(<dipòsit> | <grup>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:166
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "obtén de tots els remots"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "annexa a .git/FETCH_HEAD en lloc de sobreescriure"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "camí al qual pujar el paquet al costat remot"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "força la sobreescriptura de la branca local"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "obtén de múltiples remots"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:176
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "obtén totes les etiquetes i tots els objectes associats"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "no obtinguis les etiquetes (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "nombre de submòduls obtinguts en paral·lel"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:179
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "poda les branques amb seguiment remot que ja no estiguin en el remot"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "sota demanda"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:183
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "controla l'obtenció recursiva de submòduls"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "retén el paquet baixat"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "permet l'actualització de la referència HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "aprofundeix la història d'un clon superficial"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:197
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "converteix en un dipòsit complet"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "directori"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "anteposa això a la sortida de camí del submòdul"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "mode de recursivitat per defecte"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:200
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "accepta les referències que actualitzin .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "mapa de referències"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:203
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "mostra el mapa de referències d'obtenció"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar la referència HEAD remota"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objecte %s no trobat"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[al dia]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (no es pot obtenir en la branca actual)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[rebutjat]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[actualització d'etiqueta]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (no s'ha pogut actualitzar la referència local)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[etiqueta nova]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[branca nova]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[referència nova]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut actualitzar la referència local"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "actualització forçada"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(sense avanç ràpid)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s no ha enviat tots els objectes necessaris\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+"rebutja %s perquè no es permet que les arrels superficials s'actualitzin"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "De %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"algunes referències locals no s'han pogut actualitzar;\n"
+" intenteu executar 'git remote prune %s' per a eliminar\n"
+" qualsevulla branca antiga o conflictiva"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s es tornarà penjant)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s s'ha tornat penjant)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[suprimit]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(cap)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Refusant obtenir en la branca actual %s d'un dipòsit no nu"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "L'opció \"%s\" amb valor \"%s\" no és vàlida per a %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "S'ignora l'opció \"%s\" per a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "No se sap com obtenir de %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Obtenint %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obtenir %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Cap dipòsit remot especificat. Si us plau, especifiqueu o un URL o\n"
+"un nom remot del qual es deuen obtenir les revisions noves."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Necessiteu especificar un nom d'etiqueta."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth i --unshallow no es poden usar junts"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow en un dipòsit complet no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all no accepta un paràmetre de dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all no té sentit amb especificacions de referència"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "No hi ha tal remot ni tal grup remot: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Obtenir un grup i especificar referències no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <missatge>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <fitxer>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "emplena el registre amb <n> entrades del registre curt com a màxim"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "àlies per --log (desaprovat)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "usa <text> com a inici de missatge"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "fitxer del qual llegir"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<opcions>] [<patró>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points-at <objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<objecte>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<objecte>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr ""
+"posa els marcadors de posició entre cometes de forma adequada per a "
+"intèrprets d'ordres"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "posa els marcadors de posició entre cometes adequades per al perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "posa els marcadors de posició entre cometes adequades per al python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "posa els marcadors de posició entre cometes adequades per al Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "mostra només <n> referències coincidents"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "format a usar en la sortida"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les referències que assenyalin l'objecte donat"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les referències que s'han fusionat"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les referències que no s'han fusionat"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les referències que continguin la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Comprovant connectivitat"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Comprovant els directoris d'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:553
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<opcions>] [<objecte>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "mostra els objectes inabastables"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "mostra els objectes penjants"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "informa de les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "informa dels nodes d'arrel"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "fes els objectes d'índex nodes de cap"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "fes que els registres de referències siguin nodes de cap (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "també considera els paquets i els objectes alternatius"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "comprova només la connectivitat"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:567
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "habilita la comprovació més estricta"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "escriu objectes penjants a .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:570 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "mostra el progrés"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:631
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Comprovant els objectes"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "%s no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "directori d'objectes increïblement llarg %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"L'última execució de gc ha informat d'ho següent. Si us plau, corregiu\n"
+"la causa primordial i elimineu %s.\n"
+"No es realitzarà la neteja automàtica fins que s'elimini el fitxer.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "poda objectes sense referència"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "sigues més exhaustiu (el temps d'execució augmenta)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "habilita el mode de recollida d'escombraries automàtica"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "força l'execució de gc encara que hi pugui haver un altre gc executant"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Empaquetant automàticament el dipòsit en el fons per rendiment òptim.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Empaquetant automàticament el dipòsit per rendiment òptim.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Vegeu \"git help gc\" per neteja manual.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc ja està executant en la màquina '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (useu --force si no)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Hi ha massa objectes solts inabastables; executeu 'git prune' per a eliminar-"
+"los."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<opcions>] [-e] <patró> [<revisió>...] [[--] <camí>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: s'ha fallat en crear fil: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "s'ha especificat un nombre de fils no vàlid (%d) per a %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir l'arbre (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "no es pot fer grep des d'un objecte de tipus %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:558
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "l'opció `%c' espera un valor numèric"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:575
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "cerca en l'índex en lloc de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "cerca en continguts no gestionats per git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "cerca tant en fitxers seguits com en no seguits"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "ignora els fitxers especificats mitjançant '.gitignore'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "mostra les línies no coincidents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "coincidència insensible a majúscula i minúscula"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "coincideix amb els patrons només als límits de paraula"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "processa els fitxers binaris com a text"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "no coincideixis amb els patrons en els fitxers binaris"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "processa els fitxers binaris amb filtres de textconv"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "descendeix com a màxim <profunditat> nivells"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "usa les expressions regulars POSIX esteses"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "usa les expressions regulars POSIX bàsiques (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "interpreta els patrons com a cadenes fixes"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "usa les expressions regulars compatibles amb Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "mostra els números de línia"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:683
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "no mostris els noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "mostra els noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "mostra els noms de fitxer relatius al directori superior"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "mostra només els noms de fitxer en lloc de les línies coincidents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "sinònim de --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "mostra només els noms dels fitxers sense coincidència"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "imprimeix NUL després dels noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "mostra el nombre de coincidències en lloc de les línies coincidents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "ressalta les coincidències"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "imprimeix una línia buida entre coincidències de fitxers distints"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra el nom de fitxer només una vegada a dalt de les coincidències del "
+"mateix fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "mostra <n> línies de context abans i després d'una coincidència"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "mostra <n> línies de context abans d'una coincidència"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "mostra <n> línies de context després d'una coincidència"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "usa <n> fils obrers"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "drecera per -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:716
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "mostra una línia amb el nom de funció abans de les coincidències"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "mostra la funció circumdant"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:721
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "llegeix els patrons des d'un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "coincideix amb <patró>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "combina els patrons especificats amb -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "indica coincidència amb estat de sortida sense sortida textual"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra només les coincidències dels fitxers que coincideixin amb tots els "
+"patrons"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "mostra l'arbre d'anàlisis de l'expressió de grep"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:745
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "paginador"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:745
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "mostra els fitxers coincidents en el paginador"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:748
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "permet la invocació de grep(1) (ignorat per aquesta compilació)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:811
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "cap patró donat."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:843 builtin/index-pack.c:1475
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "s'ha especificat un nombre de fils no vàlid (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:873
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager només funciona en l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:899
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached o --untracked no es pot usar amb --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:904
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index o --untracked no es pot usar amb revisions."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:907
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard no es pot usar per als continguts seguits."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:915
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "s'han donat ambdós --caches i arbres."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <tipus>] [-w] [--path=<fitxer> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <fitxer>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "tipus"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "tipus d'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "escriu l'objecte a la base de dades d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix l'objecte des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "emmagatzema el fitxer tal com és sense filtres"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"només suma qualsevulla brossa aleatòria per a crear objectes malmesos per a "
+"depurar al Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "processa el fitxer com si fos d'aquest camí"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "imprimeix totes les ordres disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "imprimeix la llista de guies útils"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "mostra la pàgina de manual"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "mostra la pàgina de manual en el navegador web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "mostra la pàgina d'informació"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<ordre>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "format d'ajuda no reconegut '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en iniciar emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en analitzar la versió d'emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "la versió d'emacsclient '%d' és massa vella (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en executar '%s': %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': camí a un visualitzador de manuals no compatible.\n"
+"Si us plau, considereu usar 'man.<eina>.cmd' en lloc d'això."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': ordre per a un visualitzador de manuals compatible.\n"
+"Si us plau, considereu usar 'man.<eina>.path' en lloc d'això."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s': visualitzador de manuals desconegut"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "cap visualitzador de manuals ha gestionat la sol·licitud"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "cap visualitzador d'informació ha gestionat la sol·licitud"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "La definició d'atributs per camí"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Git quotidià amb més o menys 20 ordres"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Un glossari de Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Especifica els fitxers intencionalment no seguits a ignorar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "La definició de les propietats de submòduls"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "L'especificació de revisions i rangs per al Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Una introducció tutorial al Git (per a la versió 1.5.1 o més nou)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Una visió de conjunt de fluxos de treball recomanats amb Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Les guies de Git comunes són:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "ús: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "`git %s' és un àlies de `%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "hi ha una discordança de tipus d'objecte a %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha rebut l'objecte esperat %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "objecte %s: tipus %s esperat, %s trobat"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "no es pot omplir %d octet"
+msgstr[1] "no es pot omplir %d octets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "EOF prematur"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "error de lectura d'entrada"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "s'han usat més octets que hi havia disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "paquet massa gran per a la definició actual d'off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot crear '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir el fitxer de paquet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "hi ha una discordança de firma de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "la versió de paquet %<PRIu32> no és compatible"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "el paquet té un objecte dolent a la posició %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "la inflació ha retornat %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "desbordament de valor de desplaçament per a l'objecte base de delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "el desplaçament de base de delta està fora de límits"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "tipus d'objecte desconegut %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "no es pot fer pread en el fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "final prematur de fitxer de paquet, manca %lu octet"
+msgstr[1] "final prematur de fitxer de paquet, manquen %lu octets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "hi ha una inconsistència seriosa d'inflació"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "S'HA TROBAT UNA COL·LISIÓ SHA1 AMB %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir l'objecte existent %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "objecte de blob no vàlid %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s no vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Error en objecte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "No tots els objectes fills de %s són abastables"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en aplicar la delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Rebent objectes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indexant objectes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "el paquet és malmès (discordança SHA1)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "no es pot fer fstat en el fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "el paquet té brossa al seu final"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "confusió més enllà de la bogeria en parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Resolent les deltes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear fil: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "confusió més enllà de la bogeria"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "s'ha completat amb %d objectes locals"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Suma de verificació final no esperada per a %s (corrupció de disc?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1267
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "El paquet té %d delta no resolta"
+msgstr[1] "El paquet té %d deltes no resoltes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut desinflar l'objecte annexat (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "l'objecte local %s és malmès"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1391
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "error en tancar el fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1404
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot escriure el fitxer a retenir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot tancar el fitxer escrit a retenir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1425
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "no es pot emmagatzemar el fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1436
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "no es pot emmagatzemar el fitxer d'índex"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32> dolent"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1479 builtin/index-pack.c:1664
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "no hi ha suport de fils, ignorant %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "No es pot obrir el fitxer de paquet existent '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "No es pot obrir el fitxer d'índex de paquets existent de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1587
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "sense delta: %d objecte"
+msgstr[1] "sense delta: %d objectes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1594
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "longitud de cadena = %d: %lu objecte"
+msgstr[1] "longitud de cadena = %d: %lu objectes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1624
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "No es pot tornar al directori de treball actual"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1676 builtin/index-pack.c:1679
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1691 builtin/index-pack.c:1695
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s dolent"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin no es pot usar sense --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1713 builtin/index-pack.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "el nom de fitxer de paquet '%s' no acaba amb '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1730
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "s'ha donat --verify sense nom de fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer stat en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer stat en la plantilla '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer opendir en el directori '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer readlink en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer symlink en '%s' '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot copiar '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "ignorant la plantilla %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "no s'han trobat les plantilles %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr "no copiant plantilles d'una versió de format errònia %d de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:309 builtin/init-db.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s ja existeix"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut gestionar el tipus de fitxer %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut moure %s a %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:399
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s dipòsit de Git%s a %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:400
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "S'ha reinicialitzat un existent"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:400
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "S'ha inicialitzat un buit"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:401
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " compartit"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:448
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<directori-de-plantilla>] [--"
+"shared[=<permisos>]] [<directori>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "permisos"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:472
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "especifica que el dipòsit de git es compartirà entre diversos usuaris"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:506 builtin/init-db.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "no es pot mkdir %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "no es pot chdir a %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"no es permet %s (o --work-tree=<directori>) sense especificar %s (o --git-"
+"dir=<directori>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "No es pot accedir a l'arbre de treball '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<fitxa>[(=|:)<valor>])...] [<fitxer>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "edita els fitxers in situ"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "escurça els remolcs buits"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "remolc"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "remolcs a afegir"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "no s'ha donat cap fitxer d'entrada per a edició in situ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<opcions>] [<rang-de-revisions>] [[--] <camí>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<opcions>] <objecte>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "opció --decorate no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:131
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "omet la sortida de diferències"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:132
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "mostra la font"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Usa el fitxer de mapa de correu"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:134
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "opcions de decoració"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Processa el rang de línies n,m en el fitxer, comptant des d'1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Sortida final: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: fitxer dolent"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:479 builtin/log.c:572
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "No es pot llegir l'objecte %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Tipus desconegut: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:715
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers sense valor"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:801
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "el nom del directori de sortida és massa llarg"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "No es pot obrir el fitxer de pedaç %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:830
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Cal exactament un rang."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:840
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "No és un rang."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:946
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "La carta de presentació necessita el format de correu electrònic"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1025
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "in-reply-to boig: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1053
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<opcions>] [<des-de> | <rang-de-revisions>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1098
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Dos directoris de sortida?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "usa [PATCH n/m] fins i tot amb un sol pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1217
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "usa [PATCH] fins i tot amb múltiples pedaços"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "imprimeix els pedaços a la sortida estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "genera una carta de presentació"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "usa una seqüència de números per als noms dels fitxers de sortida"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sufix"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "usa <sufix> en lloc de '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1229
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "comença numerant els pedaços a <n> en lloc d'1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "marca la sèrie com a l'enèsima llançada"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Usa [<prefix>] en lloc de [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "emmagatzema els fitxers resultants a <directori>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1239
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "no despullis/afegeixis [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "no emetis diferències binàries"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1244
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "emet un hash de tots zeros en la capçalera From"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "no incloguis pedaços que coincideixin amb comissions a la font"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1248
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra el format de pedaç en lloc del per defecte (pedaç + estadístiques)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1250
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Missatgeria"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1251
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "capçalera"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1252
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "afegeix una capçalera de correu electrònic"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1253 builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "correu electrònic"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1253
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "afegeix la capçalera To:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "afegeix la capçalera Cc:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1257
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "identitat"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1258
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"estableix l'adreça From a <identitat> (o la identitat del comitent si manca)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1260
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "ID de missatge"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1261
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "fes del primer missatge una resposta a <ID de missatge>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1262 builtin/log.c:1265
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "límit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1263
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "ajunta el pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "posa el pedaç en el cos"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "habilita l'enfilada de missatges, estils: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1272
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "firma"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1273
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "afegeix una firma"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1275
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "afegeix una firma des d'un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1276
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis els noms de fitxer del pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1365
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n i -k són mutualment exclusius."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1367
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix i -k són mutualment exclusius."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1375
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1379
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "sortida estàndard o directori, quin dels dos?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut crear el directori '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1506
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el fitxer de firma '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1569
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en crear els fitxers de sortida"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1617
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<font> [<cap> [<límit>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1671
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut trobar una branca remota seguida. Si us plau, especifiqueu "
+"<font> manualment.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1682 builtin/log.c:1684 builtin/log.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Comissió desconeguda %s"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<opcions>] [<fitxer>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identifica l'estat de fitxer amb etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "usa lletres minúscules per als fitxers 'assume unchanged'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra en la sortida els fitxers desats en la memòria cau (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els fitxers suprimits"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els fitxers modificats"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els altres fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els fitxers ignorats"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida el nom d'objecte dels continguts allistats"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "mostra els fitxers en el sistema de fitxers que s'han d'eliminar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "mostra només els noms dels directoris 'other'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "mostra els terminis de línia dels fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "no mostris els directoris buits"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els fitxers sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "mostra la informació de resolució de desfet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "salta els fitxers coincidents amb el patró"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "els patrons d'exclusió es llegeixen de <fitxer>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "llegeix els patrons addicionals d'exclusió per directori en <fitxer>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "afegeix les exclusions estàndards de git"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "fes que la sortida sigui relativa al directori superior del projecte"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "si qualsevol <fitxer> no és en l'índex, tracta això com a error"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "arbre"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"pretén que els camins eliminats després de <arbre> encara siguin presents"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "mostra les dades de depuració"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs]\n"
+"                     [--upload-pack=<executable>] [-q | --quiet]\n"
+"                     [--exit-code] [--get-url] [--symref]\n"
+"                     [<dipòsit> [<referències>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis l'URL remot"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "executable"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "camí a git-upload-pack en la màquina remota"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "limita a etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "limita a caps"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "no mostris les etiquetes pelades"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "tingues en compte url.<base>.insteadOf"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr "surt amb codi de sortida 2 si no es troba cap referència coincident"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "mostra la referència subjacent en adició a l'objecte que senyali"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<opcions>] <arbre> [<camí>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "mostra només els arbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "recursa als subarbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "mostra els arbres en recursar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "acaba les entrades amb un octet NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "mida de l'objecte d'inclusió"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "llista només els noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "usa els noms de camí complets"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"llista l'arbre sencer; no només el directori actual (implica --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<opcions>] [<comissió>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<opcions>] <missatge> HEAD <comissió>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "l'opció `m' requereix un valor"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar l'estratègia de fusió '%s'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les estratègies disponibles són:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les estratègies personalitzades disponibles són:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:193 builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "no mostris les estadístiques de diferència al final de la fusió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "mostra les estadístiques de diferència al final de la fusió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(sinònim de --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"afegeix (com a màxim <n>) entrades del registre curt al missatge de comissió "
+"de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "crea una única comissió en lloc de fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "realitza una comissió si la fusió té èxit (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "edita el missatge abans de cometre"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "permet l'avanç ràpid (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209 builtin/pull.c:147
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "avorta si l'avanç ràpid no és possible"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Verifica que la comissió anomenada tingui una firma GPG vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:770 builtin/pull.c:152
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "estratègia"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "estratègia de fusió a usar"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "opció=valor"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:157
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "opció per a l'estratègia de fusió seleccionada"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "missatge de comissió de fusió (per a una fusió no d'avanç ràpid)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "avorta la fusió en curs actual"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut executar stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "l'emmagatzemament ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "no és un objecte vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (res a aixafar)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Comissió d'aixafada -- no actualitzant HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:976
+#: builtin/merge.c:989
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure al '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Escrivint SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Finalitzant SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Cap missatge de fusió -- no actualitzant HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:448
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' no assenyala una comissió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Cadena branch.%s.mergeoptions dolenta: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "No gestionant res a part de la fusió de dos caps."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Opció desconeguda de merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:684
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr "No cometent la fusió; useu 'git commit' per a completar la fusió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, introduïu un missatge de comissió per a explicar per què\n"
+"aquesta fusió és necessària, especialment si fusiona una font\n"
+"actualitzada a una branca temàtica.\n"
+"\n"
+"S'ignoraran les línies que comencin amb '%c', i un missatge buit\n"
+"avorta la comissió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:812
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Missatge de comissió buit."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:824
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Meravellós.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusió automàtica ha fallat; arregleu els conflictes i després cometeu el "
+"resultat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' no és una comissió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:936
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Cap branca actual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:938
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "No hi ha cap remot per a la branca actual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:940
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "No hi ha cap font per defecte definida per a la branca actual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:945
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "No hi ha cap branca amb seguiment remot per a %s de %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut tancar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1207
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "No hi ha fusió a avortar (manca MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1223
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu conclòs la vostra fusió (MERGE_HEAD existeix).\n"
+"Si us plau, cometeu els vostres canvis abans de fusionar."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1230
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu conclòs el vostre recull de cireres (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existeix).\n"
+"Si us plau, cometeu els vostres canvis abans de fusionar."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1233
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu conclòs el vostre recull de cireres (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existeix)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "No podeu combinar --squash amb --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1250
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha una comissió especificada i merge.defaultToUpstream no està "
+"establert."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1267
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Aixafar una comissió a un cap buit encara no es permet"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1269
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Una comissió no d'avanç ràpid no té sentit a un cap buit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - no és una cosa que puguem fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Es pot fusionar no més d'exactament una comissió a un cap buit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1332
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La comissió %s té una firma GPG no fiable, suposadament de %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La comissió %s té una firma GPG dolenta suposadament de %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1338
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "La comissió %s no té firma GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1341
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "La comissió %s té una firma GPG bona de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1424
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Actualitzant %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Intentant una fusió molt trivial en l'índex...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "No.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1500
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "No és possible avançar ràpidament, avortant."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1523 builtin/merge.c:1602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Rebobinant l'arbre a la pristina...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1527
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Intentant l'estratègia de fusió %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1593
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Cap estratègia de fusió ha gestionat la fusió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1595
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "L'estratègia de fusió %s ha fallat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Usant el %s per a preparar la resolució a mà.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1616
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusió automàtica ha sortit bé; s'ha aturat abans de cometre tal i com "
+"s'havia demanat\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <comissió> <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <comissió> <comissió>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <referència> [<comissió>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "emet tots els avantpassats comuns"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "troba els avantpassats per a una sola fusió d'n vies"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "llista les revisions no abastables d'altres"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "és la primera un avantpassat de l'altre?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"troba on <comissió> s'ha bifurcat del registre de referències de <referència>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<opcions>] [-L <nom1> [-L <original> [-L <nom2>]]] <fitxer1> "
+"<fitxer-original> <fitxer2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "envia els resultats a la sortida estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "usa una fusió basada en diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "en conflictes, usa la versió nostra"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "en conflictes, usa la versió seva"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "en conflictes, usa una versió d'unió"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "en conflictes, usa aquesta mida de marcador"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "no avisis de conflictes"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "estableix les etiquetes per a fitxer1/fitxer-original/fitxer2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "l'entrada és acabada amb NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "permet els objectes absents"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "permet la creació de més d'un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<opcions>] <font>... <destí>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "El directori %s és en l'índex i no hi ha cap submòdul?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, allisteu els vostres canvis a .gitmodules o emmagatzemeu-los per "
+"a procedir"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s és en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "força el moviment / canvi de nom encara que el destí existeixi"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "omet els errors de moviment / canvi de nom"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "el destí '%s' no és un directori"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Comprovant el canvi de nom de '%s' a '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "font dolenta"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "no es pot moure un directori a dins d'ell mateix"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "no es pot moure un directori sobre un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "el directori font està buit"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "no està sota control de versions"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "el destí existeix"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "sobreescrivint '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "No es pot sobreescriure"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "múltiples fonts per al mateix destí"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "el directori destí no existeix"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, origen=%s, destí=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Canviant el nom de %s a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:257 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "el canvi del nom de '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:251
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opcions>] <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:252
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opcions>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:253
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opcions>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:305
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "imprimeix només els noms (sense SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:306
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "només usa les etiquetes per a anomenar les comissions"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:308
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "només usa les referències que coincideixin amb <patró>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "llista totes les comissions abastables de totes les referències"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:311
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "permet imprimir els noms `undefined` (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "dereferencia les etiquetes en l'entrada (ús intern)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] [llista [<objecte>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m "
+"<missatge> | -F <fitxer> | (-c | -C) <objecte>] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] copy [-f] <d'objecte> <a-objecte>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] append [--allow-empty] [-m "
+"<missatge> | -F <fitxer> | (-c | -C) <objecte>] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] edit [--allow-empty] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] show [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <estratègia>] "
+"<referència-de-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] remove [<objecte>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [llista [<objecte>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<opcions>] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<options>] <d'objecte> <a-objecte>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<d'objecte> <a-objecte>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<opcions>] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<opcions>] <referència-de-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut iniciar 'show' per a l'objecte '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir la sortida de 'show'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en finalitzar 'show' per a l'objecte '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear el fitxer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, proveïu els continguts de la nota fent servir l'opció -m o "
+"l'opció -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure l'objecte de nota"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Els continguts de la nota s'han deixat en %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:443
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir o llegir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304 builtin/notes.c:306
+#: builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424 builtin/notes.c:510
+#: builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593 builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:880 builtin/tag.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en resoldre '%s' com a referència vàlida."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en llegir l'objecte '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "No es pot llegir les dades de node de l'objecte no de blob '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:945
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "massa paràmetres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "No s'ha trobat cap nota per a l'objecte %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "anota els continguts com a cadena"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "anota els continguts en un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "reusa i edita l'objecte de nota especificat"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "reusa l'objecte de nota especificat"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "permet l'emmagatzematge d'una nota buida"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "reemplaça les notes existents"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot afegir les notes. S'han trobat notes existents de l'objecte %s. "
+"Useu '-f' per a sobreescriure les notes existents."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Sobreescrivint les notes existents de l'objecte %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:885
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Eliminant la nota de l'objecte %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix els objectes des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"carrega la configuració de reescriptura per a <ordre> (implica --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "hi ha massa pocs paràmetres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot copiar les notes. S'han trobat notes existents de l'objecte %s. "
+"Useu '-f' per a sobreescriure les notes existents."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Manquen notes a l'objecte font %s. No es pot copiar."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"S'han desaprovat les opcions -m/-F/-c/-C en favor de la subordre 'edit'.\n"
+"Si us plau, useu 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' en lloc d'això.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:767
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Opcions generals"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:769
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Opcions de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:771
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"resol els conflictes de nota usant l'estratègia donada (manual/ours/theirs/"
+"union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:773
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Cometent les notes sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:775
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "finalitza la fusió de notes cometent les notes sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:777
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Avortant la resolució de fusió de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:779
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "avorta la fusió de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "Una fusió de notes a %s ja està en curs a %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "L'objecte %s no té cap nota\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:895
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "l'intent d'eliminar una nota no existent no és un error"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:898
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "llegeix els noms d'objecte des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:979
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "referència de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "usa les notes de <referència-de-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1015 builtin/remote.c:1626
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Subordre desconeguda: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<opcions>...] [< <llista-de-referències> | < "
+"<llista-de-objectes>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [<opcions>...] <nom-base> [< <llista-de-referències> | < "
+"<llista-de-objectes>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "error de deflació (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:772
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Escrivint els objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1012
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"inhabilitant l'escriptura de mapes de bits, perquè alguns objectes no "
+"s'estan empaquetant"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2172
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Comprimint objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2558
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "versió d'índex no compatible %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2562
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "versió d'índex dolenta '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2592
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "no mostris l'indicador de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2594
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "mostra l'indicador de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2596
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "mostra l'indicador de progrés durant la fase d'escriptura d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "similar a --all-progress quan l'indicador de progrés es mostra"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2600
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "versió[,desplaçament]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"escriu el fitxer d'índex de paquet en la versió de format d'índex "
+"especificada"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "mida màxima de cada fitxer de paquet de sortida"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr ""
+"ignora els objectes prestats d'un emmagatzemament d'objectes alternatiu"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2608
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignora els objectes empaquetats"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2610
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "limita la finestra d'empaquetament per objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2612
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"limita la finestra d'empaquetament per memòria a més del límit d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2614
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "longitud màxima de la cadena de deltes permesa en el paquet resultant"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2616
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "reusa les deltes existents"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2618
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "reusa els objectes existents"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2620
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "usa objectes OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2622
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "usa fils en cercar les millores coincidències de delta"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2624
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "no creïs una emissió de paquet buida"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2626
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "llegeix els paràmetres de revisió des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "limita els objectes als quals encara no s'hagin empaquetat"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "inclou els objectes abastables de qualsevulla referència"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2634
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+"inclou els objectes als quals facin referència les entrades del registre de "
+"referències"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "inclou els objectes als quals faci referència l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2640
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "emet el paquet a stdout"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+"inclou els objectes d'etiqueta que facin referència als objectes a empaquetar"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2644
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "retén els objectes inabastables"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "hora"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2646
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "desempaqueta els objectes inabastables més nous que <hora>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "crea paquets prims"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "crea paquets adequats per a les obtencions superficials"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignora els paquets que tinguin un fitxer .keep corresponent"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "nivell de compressió de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "no amaguis les comissions per empelt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2659
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"usa un índex de mapa de bits, si està disponible, per a accelerar el "
+"recompte d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2661
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "escriu un índex de mapa de bits junt amb l'índex de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2752
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Comptant els objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "empaqueta-ho tot"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "poda les referències soltes (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Eliminant objectes duplicats"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <hora>] [--] [<cap>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:124
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "no eliminis, només mostra"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "informa d'objectes podats"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:127
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "fes caducar els objectes més vells que <hora>"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "no es pot podar en un dipòsit d'objectes precioses"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [opcions] [<dipòsit> [<especificació-de-referència>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:117
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "Opcions relacionades amb fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "incorpora els canvis per rebasar en lloc de fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:144 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "permet l'avanç ràpid"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "verifica que la comissió anomenada tingui una firma GPG vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:164
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "Opcions relacionades amb obtenir"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:186
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "nombre de submòduls baixats en paral·lel"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "Valor no vàlid per a pull.ff: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:359
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr "No es pot baixar amb rebasament: Teniu canvis no allistats."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:365
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "Addicionalment, el vostre índex conté canvis sense cometre."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:367
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot baixar amb rebasament: El vostre índex conté canvis sense cometre."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:443
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha cap candidat sobre el qual rebasar entre les referències que acabeu "
+"d'obtenir."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:445
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha candidats per a fusionar entre les referències que acabeu d'obtenir."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:446
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+"Generalment això vol dir que heu proveït una especificació de\n"
+"referència de comodí que no tenia cap coincidència en el costat remot."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:449
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"Heu demanat baixar del remot '%s', però no heu especificat cap branca.\n"
+"Perquè aquest no és el remot configurat per defecte per a la vostra\n"
+"branca actual, heu d'especificar una branca en la línia d'ordres."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:454
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "Actualment no sou en cap branca."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:456 builtin/pull.c:471
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "Si us plau, especifiqueu sobre què branca voleu rebasar."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:458 builtin/pull.c:473
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "Si us plau, especifiqueu amb què branca voleu fusionar."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:459 builtin/pull.c:474
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "Vegeu git-pull(1) per detalls."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "No hi ha cap informació de seguiment per a la branca actual."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git branch --set-upstream-to=%s/<branch> %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si voleu establir informació de seguiment per a aquesta branca, podeu fer-ho "
+"amb:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git branch --set-upstream-to=%s/<branca> %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"La vostra configuració especifica fusionar amb la referència '%s'\n"
+"del remot, però no s'ha obtingut tal referència."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:841
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr "Actualitzant una branca no nascuda amb canvis afegits a l'índex."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:870
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"l'obtenció ha actualitzat el cap de la branca actual.\n"
+"avançant ràpidament el vostre arbre de treball des de\n"
+"la comissió %s."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:875
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot avançar ràpidament el vostre arbre de treball.\n"
+"Desprès d'assegurar que hàgiu desat qualsevulla cossa preciosa de la sortida "
+"de\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"executeu\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"per a recuperar."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:890
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "No es pot fusionar múltiples branques a un cap buit."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:894
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "No es pot rebasar sobre múltiples branques."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<opcions>] [<dipòsit> [<especificació-de-referència>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "abreviatura d'etiqueta sense <tag>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete només accepta noms de referència de destí senzills"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Per a triar qualsevulla opció permanentment, vegeu push.default a 'git help "
+"config'."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"La branca font de la vostra branca actual no coincideix\n"
+"amb el nom de la vostra branca actual. Per a pujar-la a la\n"
+"branca font en el remot, useu\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Per a pujar a la branca del mateix nom en el remot, useu\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Actualment no sou en cap branca.\n"
+"Per a pujar la història que condueix a l'estat actual\n"
+"(HEAD separat) ara, useu\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<nom-de-branca-remota>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La branca actual %s no té cap branca font.\n"
+"Per a pujar la branca actual i establir el remot com a font, useu\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "La branca actual %s té múltiples branques fonts, refusant pujar."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Esteu pujant al remot '%s', que no és la font de la vostra\n"
+"branca actual '%s', sense dir-me què pujar per a actualitzar\n"
+"quina branca remota."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu especificat cap especificació de referència a pujar, i push.default "
+"és \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han rebutjat les actualitzacions perquè el punt de la vostra branca\n"
+"actual està darrere de la seva branca remota corresponent. Integreu\n"
+"els canvis remots (per exemple, 'git pull ...') abans de pujar de nou.\n"
+"Vegeu la 'Nota sobre avanços ràpids' a 'git push --help' per detalls."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han rebutjat les actualitzacions perquè un punt de branca pujada\n"
+"està darrere de la seva branca remota corresponent. Agafeu aquesta\n"
+"branca i integreu els canvis remots (per exemple, 'git pull ...')\n"
+"abans de pujar de nou.\n"
+"Vegeu la 'Nota sobre avanços ràpids' a 'git push --help' per detalls."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han rebutjat les actualitzacions perquè el remot conté treball\n"
+"que no teniu localment. Això usualment és causat per un altre dipòsit\n"
+"que ha pujat a la mateixa referència. Pot ser que primer vulgueu\n"
+"integrar els canvis remots (per exemple, 'git pull ...') abans de\n"
+"pujar de nou.\n"
+"Vegeu la 'Nota sobre avanços ràpids' a 'git push --help' per detalls."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han rebutjat les actualitzacions perquè l'etiqueta ja existeix en el remot."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"No podeu actualitzar una referència remota que assenyala un\n"
+"objecte no de comissió, ni actualitzar una referència remota per\n"
+"fer que assenyali un objecte no de comissió, sense usar l'opció\n"
+"'--force'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Pujant a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en pujar algunes referències a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "dipòsit dolent '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Cap destí de pujada configurada.\n"
+"Especifiqueu l'URL des de la línia d'ordres o bé configureu un dipòsit remot "
+"fent servir\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <nom> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"i després pugeu fent servir el nom remot\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <nom>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all i --tags són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all no es pot combinar amb especificacions de referència"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror i --tags són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror no es pot combinar amb especificacions de referència"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all i --mirror són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "puja totes les referències"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "reflecteix totes les referències"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "suprimeix les referències"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "puja les etiquetes (no es pot usar amb --all o --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "força les actualitzacions"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "nom-de-referència>:<esperat"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "requereix que el valor antic de la referència sigui d'aquest valor"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "controla la pujada recursiva dels submòduls"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "usa el paquet prim"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "programa que rep els paquets"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "estableix la font per a git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "poda les referències eliminades localment"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "evita el ganxo de prepujada"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "puja les etiquetes absents però rellevants"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "firma la pujada amb GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "demana una transacció atòmica al costat remot"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete és incompatible amb --all, --mirror i --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete no té sentit sense referències"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<ignoral-de-git>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] "
+"[--index-output=<fitxer>] (--empty | <arbre1> [<arbre2> [<arbre3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "escriu l'índex resultant al <fitxer>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "només buida l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Fusionant"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "realitza una fusió a més d'una lectura"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "fusió de 3 vies si no cal fusió a nivell de fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "fusió de 3 vies en presència d'afegiments i eliminacions"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "el mateix que -m, però descarta les entrades no fusionades"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<subdirectori>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "llegiu l'arbre a l'índex sota <subdirectori>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "actualitza l'arbre de treball amb el resultat de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "ignoral de git"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "permet que els fitxers explícitament ignorats se sobreescriguin"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "no comprovis l'arbre de treball després de fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "no actualitzis l'índex ni l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "salta l'aplicació del filtre d'agafament dispers"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "depura unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' per a '%s' no és una marca de temps vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' no és una marca de temps vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <branca>] [-m <mestra>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <nom> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <antic> <nou>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branca>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<grup> | <remot>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <nom> <branca>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <nom> <url-nou> [<url-antic>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <nom> <url-nou>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <nom> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<opcions>] <nom> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <nom> <branca>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <nom> <branca>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<opcions>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<opcions>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<opcions>] [<grup> | <remot>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Actualitzant %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror és perillós i desaprovat; si us\n"
+"\t plau, useu --mirror=fetch o\n"
+"\t --mirror=push en lloc d'això"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "paràmetre de reflexió desconegut: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "obtén les branques remotes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "en obtenir, importa totes les etiquetes i tots els objectes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "o no obtinguis cap etiqueta (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "branques a seguir"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "branca mestra"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "estableix el remot com a mirall al qual pujar o del qual obtenir"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "especificar una branca mestra no té sentit amb --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"especificar les branques a seguir té sentit només amb miralls d'obtenció"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "el remot %s ja existeix."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' no és un nom de remot vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut configurar la mestra '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut obtenir el mapa d'obtenció de l'especificació de referència %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(coincident)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(suprimir)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "No hi ha tal remot: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut canviar el nom de la secció de configuració '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"No actualitzant l'especificació de referències d'obtenció no per defecte\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tSi us plau, actualitzeu la configuració manualment si és necessari."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "la supressió de '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "la creació de '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nota: Una branca fora de la jerarquia refs/remotes/ no s'ha eliminat;\n"
+"per a suprimir-la, useu:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Nota: Algunes branques fora de la jerarquia refs/remotes/ no s'han "
+"eliminat;\n"
+"per a suprimir-les, useu:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut eliminar la secció de configuració '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " nou (la pròxima obtenció emmagatzemarà a remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " seguit"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " estancat (useu 'git remote prune' per a eliminar)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "branch.%s.merge no vàlid; no es pot rebasar sobre > 1 branca"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "es rebasa interactivament sobre el remot %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "es fusiona amb el remot %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    i amb el remot"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "es fusiona amb el remot %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   i amb el remot"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "crea"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "suprimeix"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "al dia"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "avanç ràpid possible"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "local no actualitzat"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s força a %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s puja a %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s força a %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s puja a %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "no consultis els remots"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* remot %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL d'obtenció: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1299
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(sense URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1157 builtin/remote.c:1159
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL de pujada: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1161 builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Branca de HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Branca de HEAD (el HEAD remot és ambigu, pot ser un dels següents):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1179
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Branca remota:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Branques remotes:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182 builtin/remote.c:1209
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (estat no consultat)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1191
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Branca local configurada per a 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Branques locals configurades per a 'git pull':"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  'git push' reflectirà les referències locals"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1206
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Referència local configurada per a 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Referències locals configurades per a 'git push'%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1227
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "estableix refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD segons el remot"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "suprimeix refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "No es pot determinar el HEAD remot"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Múltiples branques de HEAD remotes. Si us plau, trieu-ne una explícitament "
+"amb:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut suprimir %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "No és una referència vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut configurar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1284
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s es tornarà penjant!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s s'ha tornat penjant!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Podant %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1296
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1312
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [podaria] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1315
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [podat] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1360
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "poda els remots després d'obtenir-los"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1423 builtin/remote.c:1477 builtin/remote.c:1545
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "No hi ha tal remot '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1439
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "afegeix branca"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1446
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "cap remot especificat"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1463
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "consulta els URL de pujada en lloc dels URL d'obteniment"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "retorna tots els URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "cap URL configurat per al remot '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipula els URL de pujada"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "afegeix URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "suprimeix URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1530
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1571
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Patró d'URL antic no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1579
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha trobat tal URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "No se suprimiran tots els URL no de pujada"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1595
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "sigues detallat; s'ha de col·locar abans d'una subordre"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "empaqueta-ho tot en un únic paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "el mateix que -a, i solta els objectes inabastables"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "elimina els paquets redundants, i executeu git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passa --no-reuse-delta a git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passa --no-reuse-object a git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "no executis git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passa --local a git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "escriu índex de mapa de bits"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "data aproximada"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "amb -A, no soltis els objectes més vells que aquest"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "mida de la finestra que s'usa per a compressió de deltes"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "octets"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"el mateix que l'anterior, però limita la mida de memòria en lloc del nombre "
+"d'entrades"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "limita la profunditat màxima de les deltes"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "mida màxima de cada fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "reempaqueta els objectes en paquets marcats amb .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "no es pot suprimir paquets en un dipòsit d'objectes precioses"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "l'eliminació de '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objecte> <reemplaçament>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <objecte>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <comissió> [<mare>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objecte>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<patró>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "No és un nom d'objecte vàlid: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "etiqueta de fusió dolenta en la comissió '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "etiqueta de fusió mal formada en la comissió '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"la comissió original '%s' conté l'etiqueta de fusió '%s' que es descarta; "
+"useu --edit en lloc de --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "la comissió original '%s' té una firma gpg."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "la firma s'eliminarà en la comissió de reemplaçament!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure la comissió de reemplaçament per a: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "llista les referències reemplaçades"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "suprimeix les referències reemplaçades"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "edita un objecte existent"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "canvia les mares d'una comissió"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "reemplaça la referència si existeix"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis bellament els continguts per a --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "usa aquest format"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <camí>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "registra les resolucions netes en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<comissió>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <arbre> [--] <camins>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<arbre>] [--] [<camins>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mixt"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "suau"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "dur"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "fusió"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "reteniment"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "No teniu un HEAD vàlid."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en trobar l'arbre de HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en trobar l'arbre de %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD ara és a %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "No es pot fer un restabliment de %s enmig d'una fusió."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "calla, només informa d'errors"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "restableix HEAD i l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "restableix només HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "restableix HEAD, l'índex i l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "restableix HEAD però retén els canvis locals"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "registra només el fet de que els camins eliminats s'afegiran després"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en resoldre '%s' com a revisió vàlida."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en resoldre '%s' com a arbre vàlid."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch és incompatible amb --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed amb camins està desaprovat; useu 'git reset -- <camins>' en lloc "
+"d'això."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "No es pot restablir de %s amb camins."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "el restabliment de %s no es permet en un dipòsit nu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N només es pot usar amb --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Canvis no allistats després de restabliment:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut restablir el fitxer d'índex a la revisió '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer d'índex nou."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "el rev-list no permet mostrar notes"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<opcions>] -- [<paràmetres>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "retén el `--` passat com a paràmetre"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "deixa d'analitzar després del primer paràmetre no d'opció"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "emet en forma llarga enganxada"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<opcions>] -- [<paràmetres>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<paràmetre>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<opcions>] [<paràmetre>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Executeu \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" per més informació sobre l'ús "
+"inicial."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<opcions>] <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <subordre>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<opcions>] <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <subordre>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s no es pot usar amb %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "acaba la seqüència de reversió o el recull de cireres"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "reprèn la seqüència de reversió o el recull de cireres"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "cancel·la la seqüència de reversió o el recull de cireres"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "no cometis automàticament"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "edita el missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "número de mare"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "estratègia de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "opció"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "opció d'estratègia de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "nom de la comissió a annexar"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "preserva les comissions inicialment buides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "permet les comissions amb missatges buits"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "retén les comissions redundants i buides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "error de programa"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "la reversió ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "el recull de cireres ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<opcions>] [--] <fitxer>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"el submòdul següent (o un dels seus submòduls niats)\n"
+"usa un directori .git:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"els submòduls següents (o un dels seus submòduls niats)\n"
+"usa un directori .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(useu 'rm -rf' si realment voleu eliminar-lo, incloent tota la seva història)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"el fitxer següent té contingut allistat diferent d'ambdós el\n"
+"fitxer i el HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"els fitxers següents tenen contingut allistat diferent d'ambdós\n"
+"el fitxer i el HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(useu -f per a forçar l'eliminació)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "el fitxer següent té canvis allistats en l'índex:"
+msgstr[1] "els fitxers següents tenen canvis allistats en l'índex:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(useu --cached per a retenir el fitxer, o -f per a forçar l'eliminació)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "el fitxer següent té modificacions locals:"
+msgstr[1] "els fitxers següents tenen modificacions locals:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "no llistis els fitxers eliminats"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "només elimina de l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "passa per alt la comprovació d'actualitat"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "permet l'eliminació recursiva"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "surt amb estat zero encara que res hagi coincidit"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, allisteu els vostres canvis a .gitmodules o emmagatzemeu-los per "
+"a procedir"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "no eliminant '%s' recursivament sense -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: no s'ha pogut eliminar %s"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-"
+"pack=<paquet-del-git-receive>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] "
+"[<màquina>:]<directori> [<referència>...]\n"
+"  --all i especificació <referència> explícita són mutualment exclusius."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "nom del remot"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "usa el protocol RPC sense estat"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix les referències des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "imprimeix l'estat des de l'ajudant remot"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<opcions>] [<rang-de-revisions>] [[--] [<camí>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "ordena la sortida segons el nombre de comissions per autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr ""
+"Omet les descripcions de comissió, només proveeix el recompte de comissions"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Mostra l'adreça de correu electrònic de cada autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ajusta les línies de la sortida"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t       [--current] [--color[=<quan>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t       [--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t       [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<revisió> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<referència>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "mostra les branques amb seguiment remot i les locals"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "mostra les branques amb seguiment remot"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "colora '*!+-' corresponent a la branca"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "mostra <n> comissions després de l'avantpassat comú"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "sinònim de more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "omet l'anomenament de cadenes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inclou la branca actual"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "anomena les comissions amb els seus noms d'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "mostra les bases de fusió possibles"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "mostra les referències inabastables de qualsevulla altra referència"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "mostra les comissions en ordre topològic"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "mostra només les comissions que no siguin en la primera branca"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "mostra les fusions abastables de només una punta"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "ordena topològicament, mantenint l'ordre de dates on sigui possible"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "mostra les <n> entrades més recents començant a la base"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<patró>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<patró>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "mostra només les etiquetes (es pot combinar amb heads)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "mostra només els caps (es pot combinar amb tags)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"comprovació de referència més estricta, requereix el camí de referència "
+"exacte"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "mostra la referència HEAD, encara que es filtrés"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "dereferencia les etiquetes a IDs d'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "mostra el hash SHA1 usant només <n> xifres"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis els resultats a stdout (útil amb --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "mostra les referències d'stdin que no siguin en el dipòsit local"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr ""
+"salta i elimina totes les línies començant amb el caràcter de comentari"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "anteposa el caràcter de comentari i un espai a cada línia"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:73 builtin/submodule--helper.c:161
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "àncora alternativa per als camins relatius"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:78
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<camí>] [<camí>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:108
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name <camí>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha trobat cap mapatge de submòdul a .gitmodules per al camí '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:164
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "a on es clonarà el submòdul nou"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:167
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "nom del submòdul nou"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:170
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "url del qual clonar el submòdul"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:176
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "profunditat dels clons superficials"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:182
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--url <url>][--depth <depth>] [--] [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<camí>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<dipòsit>] [--name <nom>] [--url <url>][--depth <profunditat>] [--] "
+"[<camí>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:196 builtin/submodule--helper.c:202
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear el directori '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:198
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "el clonatge de '%s' al camí de submòdul '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir el fitxer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut tancar el fitxer %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obtenir el directori de submòdul per a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:267
+msgid "fatal: submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "fatal: s'ha d'executar la subordre submodule--helper amb una subordre"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:274
+#, c-format
+msgid "fatal: '%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "fatal: '%s' no és una subordre vàlida de submodule--helper"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<opcions>] <nom> [<referència>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "omet el missatge d'error de referències no simbòliques (separades)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "suprimeix la referència simbòlica"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "escurça la sortida de referències"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "raó"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "raó de l'actualització"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <id-de-clau>] [-f] [-m <missatge> | -F <fitxer>] <nom-"
+"d'etiqueta> [<cap>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <nom-d'etiqueta>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<nombre>]] [--contains <comissió>]\n"
+"\t\t[--points-at <objecte>] [--format=<format>]\n"
+"\t\t[--[no-]merged [<comissió>]] [<patró>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <nom-d'etiqueta>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "nom d'etiqueta massa llarg: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "etiqueta '%s' no trobada."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "L'etiqueta '%s' s'ha suprimit (era %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut verificar l'etiqueta '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Escriviu el missatge de l'etiqueta:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Les línies que comencin amb '%c' s'ignoraran.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Escriviu el missatge de l'etiqueta:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Les línies que comencin amb '%c' es retindran; podeu eliminar-les per vós "
+"mateix si voleu.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut firmar l'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer d'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "tipus d'objecte dolent."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "capçalera d'etiqueta massa gran."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "cap missatge d'etiqueta?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "S'ha deixat el missatge de l'etiqueta en %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "llista els noms d'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "imprimeix <n> línies de cada missatge d'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "suprimeix les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "verifica les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Opcions de creació d'etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "etiqueta anotada, necessita un missatge"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "missatge d'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "etiqueta anotada i firmada per GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "usa una altra clau per a firmar l'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "reemplaça l'etiqueta si existeix"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "crea un registre de referències"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Opcions de llistat d'etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "mostra la llista d'etiquetes en columnes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les etiquetes que continguin la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les etiquetes que s'han fusionat"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les etiquetes que no s'han fusionat"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les etiquetes de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column i -n són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "es permet l'opció -n només amb -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "es permet l'opció --contains només amb -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "es permet --points-at option només amb -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "es permeten les opcions --merged i --no-merged només amb -l"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "només es permet una opció -F o -m."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:453
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "massa paràmetres"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' no és un nom d'etiqueta vàlid."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "l'etiqueta '%s' ja existeix"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:489
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Etiqueta '%s' actualitzada (era %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Desempaquetant objectes"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en crear el directori %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en fer stat a %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en crear el fitxer %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en suprimir el fitxer %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en suprimir el directori %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "Provant mtime en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr ""
+"la informació d'stat de directori no canvia després d'afegir un fitxer nou"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+"la informació d'stat de directori no canvia després d'afegir un directori nou"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr ""
+"la informació d'stat de directori canvia després d'actualitzar un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr ""
+"la informació d'stat de directori canvia després d'afegir un fitxer dins "
+"d'un subdirectori"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr ""
+"la informació d'stat de directori no canvia després de suprimir un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr ""
+"la informació d'stat de directori no canvia després de suprimir un directori"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " D'acord"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<opcions>] [--] [<fitxer>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+"continua l'actualització encara que l'índex necessiti una actualització"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "actualitza: ignora els submòduls"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "no ignoris els fitxers nous"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "deixa que els fitxers reemplacin els directoris i viceversa"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "tingues en compte els fitxers absents de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "actualitza encara que l'índex contingui entrades no fusionades"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "actualitza la informació d'estadístiques"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "com --refresh, però ignora l'ajust assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<mode>,<objecte>,<camí>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "afegeix l'entrada especificada a l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "passa per alt el bit executable dels fitxers llistats"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "marca els fitxers com a \"no canviant\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "neteja el bit assumed-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "marca els fitxers com a \"només índex\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "neteja el bit skip-worktree"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"només afegeix a l'índex; no afegeixis el contingut a la base de dades "
+"d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"elimina els camins anomenats encara que estiguin presents en l'arbre de "
+"treball"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "amb --stdin: les línies d'entrada acaben amb octets nuls"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "llegeix la llista de camins a actualitzar des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "afegeix les entrades de l'entrada estàndard a l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "reemplena les etapes #2 i #3 per als camins llistats"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "només actualitza les entrades que difereixin de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignora els fitxers absents de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "informa de les accions en la sortida estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(per a porcellanes) oblida't dels conflictes no resolts ni desats"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "escriu l'índex en aquest format"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "habilita o inhabilita l'índex dividit"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "habilita/inhabilita la memòria cau no seguida"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "prova si el sistema de fitxers admet la memòria cau no seguida"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr "habilita la memòria cau no seguida sense provar el sistema de fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "La memòria cau no seguida està inhabilitada"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "La memòria cau no seguida està habilitada per a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<opcions>] -d <nom-de-referència> [<valor-antic>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git update-ref [<opcions>]    <nom-de-referència> <valor-nou> [<valor-antic>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<opcions>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "suprimeix la referència"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "actualitza <nom de referència>, no la que assenyali"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "stdin té paràmetres acabats amb NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix les actualitzacions des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "actualitza els fitxers d'informació des de zero"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "imprimeix els continguts de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:84
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "imprimeix la sortida crua de l'estat gpg"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <paquet>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "detallat"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "mostra només estadístiques"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <etiqueta>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:83
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "imprimeix els continguts de l'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<opcions>] <camí> [<branca>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:39
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "Eliminació de worktrees/%s: no és un directori vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:45
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "Eliminació de worktrees/%s: el fitxer gitdir no existeix"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:50
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr "Eliminació de worktrees/%s: no s'ha pogut llegir el fitxer gitdir (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "Eliminació de worktrees/%s: fitxer gitdir no vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr ""
+"Eliminació de worktrees/%s: el fitxer gitdir es refereix a una ubicació no "
+"existent"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove: %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en eliminar: %s"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:201
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "'%s' ja existeix"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear directori de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "Preparant %s (identificador %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:317
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr "agafa <branca> encara que sigui agafada en altre arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:319
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "crea una branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:321
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "crea o restableix una branca"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "separa el HEAD a la comissió anomenada"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:329
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B i --detach són mutualment exclusius"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<prefix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "escriu l'objecte d'arbre per a un subdirectori <prefix>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "només útil per a la depuració"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:262
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "imprimeix els missatges de depuració a stderr"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' i 'git help -g' llisten subordres disponibles i\n"
+"algunes guies de concepte. Vegeu 'git help <ordre>' o\n"
+"'git help <concepte>' per a llegir sobre una subordre o concepte\n"
+"específic."
+
+#: http.c:321
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "No s'admet l'enganx de clau pública amb cURL < 7.44.0"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "començar una àrea de treball (vegeu també: git help tutorial)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "treballar en el canvi actual (vegeu també: git help everyday)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "examinar la història i l'estat (vegeu també: git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "fer créixer, marcar i ajustar la vostra història comuna"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "col·laborar (vegeu també: git help workflow)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Afegeix els continguts dels fitxers a l'índex"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Troba per cerca binària el canvi que hagi introduït un defecte"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Llista, crea o suprimeix branques"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "Canvia de branca o restaura els fitxers de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Clona un dipòsit a un directori nou"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Registra els canvis al dipòsit"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra els canvis entre comissions, la comissió i l'arbre de treball, etc."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Baixa objectes i referències d'un altre dipòsit"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Imprimeix les línies coincidents amb un patró"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Crea un dipòsit de Git buit o reinicialitza un existent"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Mostra els registres de comissió"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Uneix dues o més històries de desenvolupament"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Mou o canvia de nom a un fitxer, directori o enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Obtén de i integra amb un altre dipòsit o una branca local"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr ""
+"Actualitza les referències remotes juntament amb els objectes associats"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "Reaplica les comissions sobre un altre punt de basament"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Restableix el HEAD actual a l'estat especificat"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Elimina fitxers de l'arbre de treball i de l'índex"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Mostra diversos tipus d'objectes"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Mostra l'estat de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+"Crea, llista, suprimeix o verifica un objecte d'etiqueta firmat amb GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "data-de-caducitat"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "operació nul·la (per a compatibilitat amb versions anteriors)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "sigues més detallat"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "sigues més callat"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "usa <n> xifres per presentar els SHA-1"
+
+#: rerere.h:38
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"actualitza l'índex amb la resolució de conflicte reusada si és possible"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Cal començar per \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Voleu que ho faci per vós [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "opció no reconeguda: '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' no sembla una revisió vàlida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD dolent - Cal un HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"L'agafament de '$start_head' ha fallat. Proveu 'git bisect reset <branca-"
+"vàlida>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "no es bisecarà en un arbre en el qual s'ha fet cg-seek"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "HEAD dolent - referència simbòlica estranya"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Paràmetre bisect_write dolent: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Introducció de revisió dolenta: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Si us plau, invoqueu 'bisect_state' amb almenys un paràmetre."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Introducció de revisió dolenta: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' pot acceptar només un paràmetre."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "Avís: bisecant amb només comissió $TERM_BAD."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "N'esteu segur [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Cal donar-me almenys una revisió $bad_syn i una $good_syn.\n"
+"(Podeu usar \"git bisect $bad_syn\" i \"git bisect $good_syn\" per això.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Cal començar amb \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Després cal donar-me almenys una revisió $good_syn i una $bad_syn.\n"
+"(Podeu usar \"git bisect $bad_syn\" i \"git bisect $good_syn\" per això.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "No estem bisecant."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' no és una comissió vàlida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut agafar el HEAD original '$branch'.\n"
+"Proveu 'git bisect reset <comissió>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Cap fitxer de registre donat"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir $file per a reproducció"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? de què parleu?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "executant $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"el pas de bisecció ha fallat:\n"
+"el codi de sortida $res de '$command' és < 0 o >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "el pas de bisecció no pot continuar més"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"el pas de bisecció ha fallat:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' ha surt amb el codi d'error $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "pas de bisecció reeixit"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "si us plau, useu dos termes distintes"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "'$term' no és un terme vàlid"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "no es pot usar l'ordre interna '$term' com a terme"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "no es pot canviar el significat del terme '$term'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr "Ordre no vàlida: actualment esteu en una bisecció $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "cap terme definit"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"paràmetre no vàlid $arg per a 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Les opcions admeses són: --term-good|--term-old i --term-bad|--term-new."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Quan hàgiu resolt aquest problema, executeu \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Si preferiu saltar aquest pedaç, executeu \"git rebase --skip\" en lloc.\n"
+"Per a agafar la branca original i deixar de rebasar, executeu \"git rebase --"
+"abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "S'ha aplicat el magatzem automàtic."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "No es pot emmagatzemar $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"L'aplicació del magatzem automàtic ha resultat en conflictes.\n"
+"Els vostres canvis estan segurs en el magatzem.\n"
+"Podeu executar \"git stash pop\" o \"git stash drop\" en qualsevol moment.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "El ganxo de prerebasament ha refusat rebasar."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Sembla que git-am està en curs. No es pot rebasar."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:354
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "L'opció --exec s'ha d'usar amb l'opció --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:359
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "No hi ha rebasament en curs?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:370
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"L'acció --edit-todo només es pot usar durant un rebasament interactiva."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "No es pot llegir HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:380
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Heu d'editar tots els conflictes de fusió i després\n"
+"marcar-los com a resolts fent servir git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:398
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut tornar a $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:417
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Sembla que ja hi ha un directori $state_dir_base, i\n"
+"em pregunto si esteu enmig d'un altre rebasament. Si aquest és el\n"
+"cas, si us plau, proveu\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Si no és el cas, si us plau,\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"i executeu-me de nou. M'aturo per si encara hi teniu alguna cosa\n"
+"de valor."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:468
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "font no vàlida $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ja hi ha més d'una base de fusió"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:495 git-rebase.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: no hi ha cap base de fusió"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "No assenyala una comissió vàlida: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:527
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal: no hi ha tal branca: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:560
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "No es pot emmagatzemar automàticament"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:565
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "S'ha creat un magatzem automàtic: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:569
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Si us plau, cometeu-los o emmagatzemeu-los."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:589
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "La branca actual $branch_name està al dia."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "La branca actual $branch_name està al dia; rebasament forçada."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:604
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Canvis de $mb a $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:613
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Primer, rebobinant el cap per a reproduir el vostre treball al damunt..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:623
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "S'ha avançat $branch_name ràpidament a $onto_name"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear amb paràmetres no està implementat"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Encara no teniu la comissió inicial"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "No es pot desar l'estat d'índex actual"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "No es pot desar l'estat d'arbre de treball actual"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "No hi ha canvis seleccionats"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "No es pot eliminar l'índex temporal (això no pot passar)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "No es pot registrar l'estat de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "No es pot actualitzar $ref_stash amb $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"error: opció desconeguda de 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       Per a proveir un missatge, useu git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "No hi ha canvis locals a desar"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "No es pot inicialitzar el magatzem"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "No es pot desar l'estat actual"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "No es pot eliminar els canvis de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "opció desconeguda: $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Cap magatzem trobat."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Massa revisions especificades: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference no és una referència vàlida"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' no és una comissió de tipus magatzem"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' no és una referència de magatzem"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut actualitzar l'índex"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "No es pot aplicar un magatzem enmig d'una fusió"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Hi ha conflictes en l'índex. Proveu-ho sense --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut desar l'arbre d'índex"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "No es pot desallistar fitxers modificats"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "L'índex no estava sense emmagatzemar."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} ($s) descartada"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: No s'ha pogut descartar l'entrada de magatzem"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Cap nom de branca especificat"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Per restaurar-les teclegeu \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:104
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "no es pot despullar un component de l'url '$remoteurl'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"El camí relatiu només es pot usar des del nivell superior de l'arbre de "
+"treball"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:291
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "URL de dipòsit: '$repo' ha de ser absolut o començar amb ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:308
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' ja existeix en l'índex"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:312
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"El camí següent s'ignora per un dels vostres fitxers .gitignore:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Useu -f si realment voleu afegir-lo."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:330
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Afegint el dipòsit existent a '$sm_path' a l'índex"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:332
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' ja existeix i no és un dipòsit de git vàlid"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Es troba un directori de git per a '$sm_name' localment amb els remots:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:342
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Si voleu tornar a usar aquest directori de git local en lloc de clonar de "
+"nou des de"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:344
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"useu l'opció '--force'. Si el directori de git local no és el dipòsit "
+"correcte"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:345
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"o esteu insegur de què vol dir això, trieu un altre nom amb l'opció '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:347
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Reactivant el directori de git local per al submòdul '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut agafar el submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:364
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en afegir el submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:373
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en registrar el submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:417
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Entrant a '$prefix$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Aturant a '$prefix$displaypath'; l'script ha retornat un estat no zero."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:483
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha trobat cap url per al camí de submòdul '$displaypath' a .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en registrar l'url per al camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:494
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "S'ha registrat el submòdul '$name' ($url) per al camí '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:511
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha fallat en registrar el mode d'actualització per al camí de submòdul "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:549
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Useu '.' si realment voleu desinicialitzar tots els submòduls"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:566
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "L'arbre de treball de submòdul '$displaypath' conté un directori .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:567
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(useu 'rm -rf' si realment voleu eliminar-lo incloent tota la seva història)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:573
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"L'arbre de treball de submòdul '$displaypath' conté modificacions locals; "
+"useu '-f' per a descartar-les"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:576
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "S'ha netejat el directori '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut eliminar l'arbre de treball de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:580
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut crear el directori de submòdul buit '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:589
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Submòdul '$name' ($url) no registrat per al camí '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:723
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Camí de submòdul '$displaypath' no inicialitzat\n"
+"Potser voleu usar 'update --init'?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:736
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut trobar la revisió actual en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:745
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obtenir en el camí de submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:768
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obtenir en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:788
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut agafar '$sha1' en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:789
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Camí de submòdul '$displaypath': s'ha agafat '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:793
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut rebasar '$sha1' en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:794
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Camí de submòdul '$displaypath': s'ha rebasat en '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:799
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut fusionar '$sha1' en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:800
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Camí de submòdul '$displaypath': s'ha fusionat en '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:805
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"L'execució de '$command $sha1' ha fallat en el camí de submòdul '$prefix"
+"$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:806
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Camí de submòdul '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:836
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en recursar al camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:944
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "L'opció --cached no es pot usar amb l'opció --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:996
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "mode inesperat $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1016
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Avís: $display_name no conté la comissió $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1019
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Avís: $display_name no conté la comissió $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1022
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Avís: $display_name no conté les comissions $sha1_src i $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1047
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1165
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en recursar al camí de submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Sincronitzant l'url de submòdul per a '$displaypath'"
diff --git a/po/de.po b/po/de.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d50cb1b608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/de.po
@@ -0,0 +1,13603 @@
+# German translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2015 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>, 2010-2015.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-01-21 15:01+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: German <>\n"
+"Language: de\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Hinweis: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsverzeichnis, und benutzen Sie\n"
+"dann 'git add/rm <Datei>', um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren\n"
+"und zu committen."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie mergen."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "Beende wegen nicht abgeschlossenem Merge."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<Optionen>] <Commit-Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <Repository> [--exec <Programm>] [<Optionen>] <Commit-"
+"Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <Repository> [--exec <Programm>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' stimmt mit keinen Dateien überein"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "Format"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "Archivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "Präfix"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "einen Präfix vor jeden Pfadnamen in dem Archiv stellen"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548 builtin/blame.c:2549
+#: builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987 builtin/fast-export.c:989
+#: builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100 builtin/ls-files.c:459
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "Datei"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "das Archiv in diese Datei schreiben"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr ".gitattributes aus dem Arbeitsverzeichnis lesen"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "archivierte Dateien in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe ausgeben"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "nur speichern"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "schneller komprimieren"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "besser komprimieren"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "unterstützte Archivformate auflisten"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "Repository"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "Archiv vom Remote-Repository <Repository> abrufen"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "Programm"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "Pfad zum externen \"git-upload-archive\"-Programm"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Verneinende Muster werden in Git-Attributen ignoriert.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie '\\!' für führende Ausrufezeichen."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nachdem Sie die Fehlerursache behoben haben, können Sie\n"
+"die Tracking-Informationen mit\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"\n"
+"erneut setzen."
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Branch %s kann nicht sein eigener Upstream-Branch sein."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Branch %s von %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Branch %s von %s."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Branch %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Branch %s."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Referenz %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "Konnte Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch nicht schreiben."
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Konfiguration zum Folgen von Branch nicht eingerichtet. Referenz %s ist "
+"mehrdeutig."
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Branchname."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' existiert bereits."
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kann Aktualisierung des aktuellen Branches nicht erzwingen."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Tracking-Informationen nicht einrichten; Startpunkt '%s' ist kein "
+"Branch."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "der angeforderte Upstream-Branch '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, Ihre Arbeit auf einem bereits existierenden\n"
+"Upstream-Branch aufzubauen, sollten Sie \"git fetch\"\n"
+"ausführen, um diesen abzurufen.\n"
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, einen neuen lokalen Branch zu versenden\n"
+"der seinem externen Gegenstück folgen soll, können Sie\n"
+"\"git push -u\" verwenden, um den Upstream-Branch beim \"push\"\n"
+"zu konfigurieren."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "mehrdeutiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Branchpunkt: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' ist bereits in '%s' ausgecheckt"
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "HEAD des Arbeitsverzeichnisses %s ist nicht aktualisiert."
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' sieht nicht wie eine v2 Paketdatei aus"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "nicht erkannter Kopfbereich: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Dem Repository fehlen folgende vorausgesetzte Commits:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "Einrichtung des Revisionsgangs fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket enthält diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket enthält diese %d Referenzen:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Das Paket speichert eine komplette Historie."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket benötigt diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket benötigt diese %d Referenzen:"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Konnte Paketobjekte nicht erstellen"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "Erstellung der Paketobjekte abgebrochen"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "\"rev-list\" abgebrochen"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "Referenz '%s' wird durch \"rev-list\" Optionen ausgeschlossen"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "nicht erkanntes Argument: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Erstellung eines leeren Pakets zurückgewiesen."
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "Erstellung der Paketindexdatei abgebrochen"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Farbwert: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht parsen"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s ist kein Commit!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "Speicher verbraucht"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "Zeile %d in Konfiguration %s %s ist ungültig."
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger numerischer Wert '%s' für Konfiguration '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger numerischer Wert '%s' für Konfiguration '%s': %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erweitern des Nutzerverzeichnisses in: '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "ungültiger zlib Komprimierungsgrad %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Modus für Objekterstellung: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte die über die Befehlszeile angegebene Konfiguration nicht parsen."
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr ""
+"Es trat ein unbekannter Fehler beim Lesen der Konfigurationsdateien auf."
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Wert '%s' aus der über die Befehlszeile angegebenen Konfiguration\n"
+"nicht parsen."
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "ungültige Konfigurationsvariable '%s' in Datei '%s' bei Zeile %d"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s hat mehrere Werte"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zu '%s' setzen."
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht aufheben."
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Konnte 'git rev-list' nicht ausführen"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben nach rev-list"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen von rev-list's Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "in der Zukunft"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Sekunde"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Sekunden"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Minute"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Minuten"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Stunde"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Stunden"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Tag"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Tagen"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Woche"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Wochen"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Monat"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Monaten"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Jahr"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Jahren"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, und %lu Monat"
+msgstr[1] "%s, und %lu Monaten"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Jahr"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Jahren"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Reihenfolgedatei '%s'."
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Führe Erkennung für ungenaue Umbenennung aus"
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Fehler beim Parsen des abgeschnittenen \"dirstat\" Prozentsatzes '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Unbekannter \"dirstat\" Parameter '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Wert in Konfigurationsvariable 'diff.dirstat': '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler in 'diff.dirstat' Konfigurationsvariable gefunden:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "externes Diff-Programm unerwartet beendet, angehalten bei %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow erfordert genau eine Pfadspezifikation"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Parsen des --dirstat/-X Optionsparameters:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Parsen des --submodule Optionsparameters: '%s'"
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Sammeln von Namen und Informationen zum Kernel"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr ""
+"Cache für unversionierte Dateien ist auf diesem System oder\n"
+"für dieses Verzeichnis deaktiviert."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "konnte gpg nicht ausführen"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg hat die Daten nicht akzeptiert"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg beim Signieren der Daten fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte temporäre Datei '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der losgelösten Signatur nach '%s'"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': konnte %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "'%s': read() zu kurz"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Befehle in '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Befehle anderswo in Ihrem $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Git-Befehle, verwendet in verschiedenen Situationen:"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' scheint ein git-Befehl zu sein, konnte aber\n"
+"nicht ausgeführt werden. Vielleicht ist git-%s fehlerhaft?"
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Uh oh. Keine Git-Befehle auf Ihrem System vorhanden."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Warnung: Sie haben den nicht existierenden Git-Befehl '%s' ausgeführt.\n"
+"Setze fort unter der Annahme, dass Sie '%s' gemeint haben."
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "Automatische Ausführung in %0.1f Sekunden ..."
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: '%s' ist kein Git-Befehl. Siehe 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Haben Sie das gemeint?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Haben Sie eines von diesen gemeint?"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte '%s.lock' nicht erstellen: %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Ein anderer Git-Prozess scheint in diesem Repository ausgeführt\n"
+"zu werden, zum Beispiel ein noch offener Editor von 'git commit'.\n"
+"Bitte stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Prozesse beendet wurden und\n"
+"versuchen Sie es erneut. Falls es immer noch fehlschlägt, könnte\n"
+"ein früherer Git-Prozess in diesem Repository abgestürzt sein:\n"
+"Löschen Sie die Datei manuell um fortzufahren."
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s.lock' nicht erstellen: %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "Lesen des Zwischenspeichers fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Konnte neue Index-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(ungültiger Commit)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der \"Tree\"-Objekte"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen des Pfades '%s'%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Entferne %s, um Platz für Unterverzeichnis zu schaffen\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": vielleicht ein Verzeichnis/Datei-Konflikt?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "verweigere, da unversionierte Dateien in '%s' verloren gehen würden"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Objekt %s '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "Blob erwartet für %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Öffnen von '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen einer symbolischen Verknüpfung für '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "weiß nicht was mit %06o %s '%s' zu machen ist"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Ausführung des internen Merges"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zur Datenbank hinzufügen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "nicht unterstützter Objekttyp im Verzeichnis"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
+"im Arbeitsbereich gelassen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
+"im Arbeitsbereich bei %s gelassen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "umbenennen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "umbenannt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s ist ein Verzeichnis in %s, füge es stattdessen als %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Branch \"%s\" "
+"und \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Branch \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (bleibt unaufgelöst)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. Benenne um %s->%s "
+"in %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Benenne stattdessen %s nach %s und %s nach %s um"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/hinzufügen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. %s hinzugefügt in "
+"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Füge zusammengeführte Datei %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Füge stattdessen als %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "kann Objekt %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "Objekt %s ist kein Blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "ändern"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "geändert"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "Inhalt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "hinzufügen/hinzufügen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s ausgelassen (Ergebnis des Merges existiert bereits)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "automatischer Merge von %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "Submodul"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Merge-Konflikt in %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Entferne %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "Datei/Verzeichnis"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis/Datei"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s): Es existiert bereits ein Verzeichnis %s in %s. Füge %s als %s "
+"hinzu."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Füge %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Fataler Merge-Fehler. Sollte nicht passieren."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Bereits aktuell!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "Zusammenführen der \"Tree\"-Objekte %s und %s fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "unverarbeiteter Pfad??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Merge:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "%u gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commit gefunden"
+msgstr[1] "%u gemeinsame Vorgänger-Commits gefunden"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "Merge hat keinen Commit zurückgegeben"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Konnte Index nicht schreiben."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann uninitialisiertes/unreferenzierte Notiz-Verzeichnis nicht committen."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger notes.rewriteMode Wert: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+"Umschreiben der Notizen in %s zurückgewiesen (außerhalb von refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger %s Wert: '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "Verwendung: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "      oder: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Objekt-Name '%s'"
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Konnte Gruppenschreibrecht für %s nicht setzen."
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"Globale Einstellungen zur Pfadspezifikation 'glob' und 'noglob' sind "
+"inkompatibel."
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"Globale Einstellung zur Pfadspezifikation 'literal' ist inkompatibel\n"
+"mit allen anderen Optionen."
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "ungültiger Parameter für Pfadspezifikationsangabe 'prefix'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültige Pfadspezifikationsangabe '%.*s' in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehlendes ')' am Ende der Pfadspezifikationsangabe in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht unterstützte Pfadspezifikationsangabe '%c' in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: 'literal' und 'glob' sind inkompatibel"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: '%s' liegt außerhalb des Repositories"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' befindet sich in Submodul '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s: Pfadspezifikationsangabe wird von diesem Befehl nicht unterstützt: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' ist hinter einer symbolischen Verknüpfung"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+":(exclude) Muster, aber keine anderen Pfadspezifikationen angegeben.\n"
+"Vielleicht haben Sie vergessen entweder ':/' oder '.' hinzuzufügen?"
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "Konnte --pretty Format nicht parsen."
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "Fertig"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version gesetzt, aber Wert ungültig.\n"
+"Verwende Version %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION gesetzt, aber Wert ungültig.\n"
+"Verwende Version %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Referenz %s nicht entfernen: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Referenzen nicht entfernen: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Referenz %s nicht löschen"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "Erwartetes Format: %%(color:<Farbe>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Farbe: %%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "nicht erkanntes Format: %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) akzeptiert keine Argumente"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) akzeptiert keine Argumente"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "Positiver Wert erwartet contents:lines=%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "nicht erkanntes %%(contents) Argument: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "nicht erkanntes %%(objectname) Argument: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "Erwartetes Format: %%(align:<Breite>,<Position>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Position:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Breite:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "nicht erkanntes %%(align) Argument: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "Positive Breitenangabe für %%(align) erwartet"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "Fehlerhafter Feldname: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Feldname: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "Format: %%(end) Atom ohne zugehöriges Atom verwendet"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "Fehlerhafter Formatierungsstring %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= erfordert eine positive Ganzzahl als Argument"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "Referenz '%s' hat keine %ld Komponenten für :strip"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "Unbekanntes %.*s Format %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "Objekt %s fehlt für %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "parse_object_buffer bei %s für %s fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "fehlerhaftes Objekt bei '%s'"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "Ignoriere Referenz mit fehlerhaftem Namen %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "Ignoriere fehlerhafte Referenz %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "Format: %%(end) Atom fehlt"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "Missgebildeter Objektname %s"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Kann 'fetch' nicht für sowohl %s als auch %s nach %s ausführen."
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s folgt üblicherweise %s, nicht %s"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s folgt sowohl %s als auch %s"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Interner Fehler"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD zeigt auf keinen Branch"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Branch: '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein Upstream-Branch für Branch '%s' konfiguriert."
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "Upstream-Branch '%s' nicht als Remote-Tracking-Branch gespeichert"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"Ziel für \"push\" '%s' auf Remote-Repository '%s' hat keinen lokal gefolgten "
+"Branch"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' hat keinen Upstream-Branch gesetzt"
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "Push-Refspecs für '%s' beinhalten nicht '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "kein Ziel für \"push\" (push.default ist 'nothing')"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "kann einzelnes Ziel für \"push\" im Modus 'simple' nicht auflösen"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ihr Branch basiert auf '%s', aber der Upstream-Branch wurde entfernt.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git branch --unset-upstream\" zum Beheben)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Ihr Branch ist auf dem selben Stand wie '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ihr Branch ist vor '%s' um %d Commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ihr Branch ist vor '%s' um %d Commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git push\", um lokale Commits zu publizieren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Ihr Branch ist zu '%s' um %d Commit hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Ihr Branch ist zu '%s' um %d Commits hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\", um Ihren lokalen Branch zu aktualisieren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Ihr Branch und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Commits.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Ihr Branch und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\", um Ihren Branch mit dem Remote-Branch "
+"zusammenzuführen)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "Ihr aktueller Branch scheint fehlerhaft zu sein."
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "Ihr aktueller Branch '%s' hat noch keine Commits."
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --first-parent und --bisect sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "Öffnen von /dev/null fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Signieren des \"push\"-Zertifikates"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"die Gegenseite unterstützt keinen signierten Versand (\"--signed push\")"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"kein Versand des \"push\"-Zertifikates, da die Gegenseite keinen signierten\n"
+"Versand (\"--signed push\") unterstützt"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "die Gegenseite unterstützt keinen atomaren Versand (\"--atomic push\")"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'und tragen Sie das Ergebnis mit\n"
+"'git commit' ein"
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht nach %s schreiben"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Nachbereitung von %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden durch den Cherry-Pick überschrieben werden."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden durch den Revert überschrieben werden."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr ""
+"Committen Sie Ihre Änderungen oder benutzen Sie \"stash\", um fortzufahren."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Konnte neue Index-Datei nicht schreiben"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit von HEAD nicht auflösen\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Cache-Verzeichnis nicht aktualisieren\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit %s nicht parsen\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Eltern-Commit %s nicht parsen\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Ihre Index-Datei ist nicht zusammengeführt."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Commit %s ist ein Merge, aber die Option -m wurde nicht angegeben."
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Commit %s hat keinen Elternteil %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "Hauptlinie wurde spezifiziert, aber Commit %s ist kein Merge."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: kann Eltern-Commit %s nicht parsen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Kann keine Commit-Beschreibung für %s bekommen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "Konnte \"revert\" nicht auf %s... (%s) ausführen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s... (%s) nicht anwenden"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "leere Menge von Commits übergeben"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Lesen des Index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren des Index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Kann %s nicht während eines %s durchführen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Konnte Zeile %d nicht parsen."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Keine Commits geparst."
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht öffnen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Unbenutzbares Instruktionsblatt: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Schlüssel: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Wert für %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Fehlerhaftes Optionsblatt: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" ist bereits im Gang"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "versuchen Sie \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Konnte \"sequencer\"-Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Einpacken von %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "kein \"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" im Gang"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "kann HEAD nicht auflösen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "kann nicht abbrechen: bin auf einem Branch, der noch geboren wird"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "Kann %s nicht lesen: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "Unerwartetes Dateiende"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "gespeicherte \"pre-cherry-pick\" HEAD Datei '%s' ist beschädigt"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht formatieren."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht in \"cherry-pick\" benutzt werden"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: ungültiger Commit"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Kann nicht als allerersten Commit einen Revert ausführen."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Kann nicht als allerersten Commit einen Cherry-Pick ausführen."
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen von %s"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "Erwartete Git-Repository-Version <= %d, %d gefunden"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "Unbekannte Repository-Erweiterungen gefunden:"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "Offset vor Ende der Packdatei (fehlerhafte Indexdatei?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr "Offset vor Beginn des Pack-Index für %s (beschädigter Index?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr "Offset hinter Ende des Pack-Index für %s (abgeschnittener Index?)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git erzeugt normalerweise keine Referenzen die mit\n"
+"40 Hex-Zeichen enden, da diese ignoriert werden wenn\n"
+"Sie diese angeben. Diese Referenzen könnten aus Versehen\n"
+"erzeugt worden sein. Zum Beispiel,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"wobei \"$br\" leer ist und eine 40-Hex-Referenz erzeugt\n"
+"wurde. Bitte prüfen Sie diese Referenzen und löschen\n"
+"Sie sie gegebenenfalls. Unterdrücken Sie diese Meldung\n"
+"indem Sie \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"\n"
+"ausführen."
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht zusammengeführte .gitmodules-Datei nicht ändern, lösen\n"
+"Sie zuerst die Konflikte auf"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Konnte keine Sektion in .gitmodules mit Pfad \"%s\" finden"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Eintrag '%s' in .gitmodules nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Eintrag '%s' nicht aus .gitmodules entfernen"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "Negative Werte für submodule.fetchJobs nicht erlaubt"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Wert für %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Ausführen des Anhang-Befehls '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "unbekannter Wert '%s' für Schlüssel %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "mehr als ein %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "leerer Anhang-Token in Anhang '%.*s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Eingabe-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "konnte nicht von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "Datei '%s' ist keine reguläre Datei"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "Datei %s ist vom Benutzer nicht beschreibbar."
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "konnte temporäre Datei '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "konnte temporäre Datei nicht zu %s umbenennen"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Referenz %s nicht lesen."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen in den folgenden Dateien würden beim Auschecken\n"
+"überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte committen oder stashen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie Branches wechseln."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen in den folgenden Dateien würden beim Auschecken\n"
+"überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen in den folgenden Dateien würden durch den Merge\n"
+"überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte committen oder stashen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor sie mergen."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen in den folgenden Dateien würden durch den Merge\n"
+"überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen in den folgenden Dateien würden durch %s\n"
+"überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte committen oder stashen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie %s ausführen."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden durch %s überschrieben werden.\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Durch die Aktualisierung der folgenden Verzeichnisse würden unversionierte\n"
+"Dateien in diesen Verzeichnissen verloren gehen:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch\n"
+"den Checkout entfernt werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte verschieben oder entfernen Sie diese, bevor Sie Branches wechseln."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"Checkout entfernt werden:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"Merge entfernt werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte verschieben oder entfernen Sie diese, bevor sie mergen."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"Merge entfernt werden:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"%s entfernt werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte verschieben oder entfernen Sie diese, bevor sie %s ausführen."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"%s entfernt werden:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"Checkout überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte verschieben oder entfernen Sie diese, bevor Sie Branches wechseln."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"Checkout überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"Merge überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte verschieben oder entfernen Sie diese, bevor Sie mergen."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"Merge überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"%s überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%sBitte verschieben oder entfernen Sie diese, bevor sie %s ausführen."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unversionierten Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis würden durch den\n"
+"%s überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "Eintrag '%s' überschneidet sich mit '%s'. Kann nicht verbinden."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann partiellen Checkout nicht aktualisieren: die folgenden Einträge sind nicht\n"
+"aktuell:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Dateien im Arbeitsbereich würden durch die Aktualisierung\n"
+"des partiellen Checkouts überschrieben werden:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Dateien im Arbeitsbereich würden durch die Aktualisierung\n"
+"des partiellen Checkouts entfernt werden:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "Abbruch\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Checke Dateien aus"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "Ungültiges URL-Schema oder Suffix '://' fehlt"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "ungültige Escape-Sequenz %XX"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "fehlender Host und Schema ist nicht 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "eine 'file:' URL darf keine Portnummer enthalten"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "Hostname enthält ungültige Zeichen"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "ungültige Portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "ungültiges '..' Pfadsegment"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Lesen und Schreiben öffnen."
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Lesen öffnen."
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen"
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "Konnte aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht bekommen."
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht nach '%s' schreiben."
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht schließen."
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Nicht zusammengeführte Pfade:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git reset %s <Datei>...\" zum Entfernen aus der Staging-"
+"Area)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rm --cached <Datei>...\" zum Entfernen aus der Staging-"
+"Area)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\", um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\", um die Auflösung entsprechend zu "
+"markieren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\", um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Änderungen, die nicht zum Commit vorgemerkt sind:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add <Datei>...\", um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\", um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git checkout -- <Datei>...\", um die Änderungen im "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis zu verwerfen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (committen oder verwerfen Sie den unversionierten oder geänderten Inhalt "
+"in den Submodulen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git %s <Datei>...\", um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "beide gelöscht:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "von uns hinzugefügt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "von denen gelöscht:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "von denen hinzugefügt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "von uns gelöscht:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "von beiden hinzugefügt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "von beiden geändert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "Bug: unbehandelter Unmerged-Status %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "neue Datei:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "kopiert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "gelöscht:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "geändert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "umbenannt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "Typänderung:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "unbekannt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "nicht gemerged:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "neue Commits, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "geänderter Inhalt, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "unversionierter Inhalt, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "Fehler: unbehandelter Differenz-Status %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Submodule geändert, aber nicht aktualisiert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Änderungen in Submodul zum Committen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Ändern Sie nicht die obige Zeile.\n"
+"Alles unterhalb von ihr wird entfernt."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Sie haben nicht zusammengeführte Pfade."
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr " (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Alle Konflikte sind behoben, aber Sie sind immer noch beim Merge."
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git commit\", um den Merge abzuschließen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Eine \"am\"-Sitzung ist im Gange."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Der aktuelle Patch ist leer."
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git am --skip\", um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\", um den ursprünglichen Branch "
+"wiederherzustellen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "Keine Befehle ausgeführt."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "Zuletzt ausgeführter Befehl (%d Befehl ausgeführt):"
+msgstr[1] "Zuletzt ausgeführte Befehle (%d Befehle ausgeführt):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  (mehr Informationen in Datei %s)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "Keine Befehle verbleibend."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "Nächster auszuführender Befehl (%d Befehle verbleibend):"
+msgstr[1] "Nächste auszuführende Befehle (%d Befehle verbleibend):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --edit-todo\" zum Ansehen und Bearbeiten)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Rebase von Branch '%s' auf '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --skip\", um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --abort\", um den ursprünglichen Branch "
+"auszuchecken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie teilen gerade einen Commit auf, während ein Rebase von Branch '%s' auf "
+"'%s' im Gange ist."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Sie teilen gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase auf."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Sobald Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis unverändert ist, führen Sie \"git rebase --"
+"continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie editieren gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase von Branch '%s' auf "
+"'%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Sie editieren gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git commit --amend\", um den aktuellen Commit "
+"nachzubessern)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" sobald Ihre Änderungen "
+"abgeschlossen sind)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Sie führen gerade \"cherry-pick\" von Commit %s aus."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git cherry-pick --continue"
+"\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git cherry-pick --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git cherry-pick --abort\", um die Cherry-Pick-Operation "
+"abzubrechen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade an einem Revert von Commit '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git revert --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git revert --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git revert --abort\", um die Revert-Operation abzubrechen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche, gestartet von Branch '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git bisect reset\", um zum ursprünglichen Branch "
+"zurückzukehren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Auf Branch "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "interaktives Rebase im Gange; auf "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "Rebase im Gange; auf "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD losgelöst bei "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD losgelöst von "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Im Moment auf keinem Branch."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Initialer Commit"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Unversionierte Dateien"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Ignorierte Dateien"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unversionierten Dateien zu bestimmen.\n"
+"'status -uno' könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten,\n"
+"neue Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Unversionierte Dateien nicht aufgelistet%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (benutzen Sie die Option -u, um unversionierte Dateien anzuzeigen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Keine Änderungen"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Änderungen zum Commit vorgemerkt (benutzen Sie \"git add\" und/oder "
+"\"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "keine Änderungen zum Commit vorgemerkt\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zum Commit vorgemerkt, aber es gibt unversionierte Dateien (benutzen "
+"Sie \"git add\" zum Versionieren)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "nichts zum Commit vorgemerkt, aber es gibt unversionierte Dateien\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zu committen (Erstellen/Kopieren Sie Dateien und benutzen Sie \"git "
+"add\" zum Versionieren)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "nichts zu committen\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zu committen (benutzen Sie die Option -u, um unversionierte Dateien "
+"anzuzeigen)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "nichts zu committen, Arbeitsverzeichnis unverändert\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Initialer Commit auf "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (kein Branch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "entfernt"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "hinterher "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "voraus "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht entfernen."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<Optionen>] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "unerwarteter Differenz-Status %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung der Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "lösche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr ""
+"Nicht zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen nach Aktualisierung der Staging-Area:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Konnte den Index nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Konnte Patch nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung des Patches fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Leerer Patch. Abgebrochen."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht anwenden."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Pfade werden durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien "
+"ignoriert:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "Probelauf"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "interaktives Auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "Blöcke interaktiv auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "aktuelle Unterschiede editieren und anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "das Hinzufügen andernfalls ignorierter Dateien erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "versionierte Dateien aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "nur speichern, dass der Pfad später hinzugefügt werden soll"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+"Änderungen von allen versionierten und unversionierten Dateien hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis ignorieren (genau wie --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "nichts hinzufügen, nur den Index aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"Dateien überspringen, die aufgrund von Fehlern nicht hinzugefügt werden "
+"konnten"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "prüfen ob - auch fehlende - Dateien im Probelauf ignoriert werden"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Verwenden Sie -f wenn Sie diese wirklich hinzufügen möchten.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "Hinzufügen von Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -A und -u sind zueinander inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --ignore-missing kann nur zusammen mit --dry-run verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Nichts spezifiziert, nichts hinzugefügt.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Meinten Sie vielleicht 'git add .'?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "Index-Datei beschädigt"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Konnte neue Index-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "konnte Autor-Skript nicht parsen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "'%s' wurde durch den applypatch-msg Hook entfernt"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Fehlerhafte Eingabezeile: '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Kopieren der Notizen von '%s' nach '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "\"fseek\" fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte Patch '%s' nicht parsen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Es kann nur eine StGIT Patch-Serie auf einmal angewendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "ungültiger Zeitstempel"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "Ungültige \"Date\"-Zeile"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Offset in der Zeitzone"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Patch-Formaterkennung fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen von Verzeichnis '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Aufteilen der Patches."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "Konnte Index-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie das Problem aufgelöst haben, führen Sie \"%s --continue\" aus."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen \"%s --skip"
+"\" aus."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
+"Patches abzubrechen, führen Sie \"%s --abort\" aus."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "Patch ist leer. War dessen Aufteilung falsch?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Identifikationszeile: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Dem Repository fehlen notwendige Blobs um auf einen 3-Wege-Merge "
+"zurückzufallen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Verwende Informationen aus der Staging-Area, um ein Basisverzeichnis "
+"nachzustellen ..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Haben Sie den Patch per Hand editiert?\n"
+"Er kann nicht auf die Blobs in seiner 'index' Zeile angewendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Falle zurück zum Patchen der Basis und zum 3-Wege-Merge ..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Merge der Änderungen fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "\"git write-tree\" schlug beim Schreiben eines \"Tree\"-Objektes fehl"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "auf leere Historie anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben des Commit-Objektes."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "Kann nicht fortsetzen: %s existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht interaktiv sein, ohne dass die Standard-Eingabe mit einem "
+"Terminal verbunden ist."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung ist:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr "Anwenden? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "Geänderter Index: kann Patches nicht anwenden (geändert: %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "Wende an: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Keine Änderungen -- Patches bereits angewendet."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen bei %s %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "Die Kopie des fehlgeschlagenen Patches befindet sich in: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine Änderungen - haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?\n"
+"Wenn keine Änderungen mehr zum Commit vorzumerken sind, könnten\n"
+"diese bereits anderweitig eingefügt worden sein; Sie könnten diesen Patch\n"
+"auslassen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben immer noch nicht zusammengeführte Pfade im Index.\n"
+"Haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Bereinigen des Index"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie scheinen seit dem letzten gescheiterten 'am' HEAD geändert zu haben.\n"
+"Keine Zurücksetzung zu ORIG_HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Wert für --patch-format: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<Optionen>] [(<mbox>|<E-Mail-Verzeichnis>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<Optionen>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "interaktiv ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "historische Option -- kein Effekt"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "erlaube, falls notwendig, das Zurückfallen auf einen 3-Wege-Merge"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "der Commit-Beschreibung eine Signed-off-by Zeile hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "nach UTF-8 umkodieren (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "-k an git-mailinfo übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "-b an git-mailinfo übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "-m an git-mailinfo übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "--keep-cr an git-mailsplit für mbox-Format übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr "kein --keep-cr an git-mailsplit übergeben, unabhängig von am.keepcr"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "alles vor einer Scheren-Zeile entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "Aktion"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "an git-apply übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "Wurzelverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "Pfad"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134 builtin/pull.c:193
+#: builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182 builtin/show-branch.c:645
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340 parse-options.h:132
+#: parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "Anzahl"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "Anzahl"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "Format"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "Patch-Format"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "Meldung bei fehlerhafter Patch-Anwendung überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "Anwendung der Patches nach Auflösung eines Konfliktes fortsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "Synonyme für --continue"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "den aktuellen Patch auslassen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr ""
+"ursprünglichen Branch wiederherstellen und Anwendung der Patches abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "Autor-Datum als Commit-Datum verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "aktuellen Zeitstempel als Autor-Datum verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "GPG-Schlüsselkennung"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "Commits mit GPG signieren"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(intern für git-rebase verwendet)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Die -b/--binary Option hat seit Langem keinen Effekt und wird\n"
+"entfernt. Bitte verwenden Sie diese nicht mehr."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen des Index"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "Vorheriges Rebase-Verzeichnis %s existiert noch, aber mbox gegeben."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Stray %s Verzeichnis gefunden.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\", um es zu entfernen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Es ist keine Auflösung im Gange, es wird nicht fortgesetzt."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<Optionen>] [<Patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Whitespace-Option: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Option zum Ignorieren von Whitespace: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Kann regulären Ausdruck für Zeitstempel %s nicht verarbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "Ausführung des regulären Ausdrucks gab %d zurück. Eingabe: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "Konnte keinen Dateinamen in Zeile %d des Patches finden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - erwartete /dev/null, erhielt %s in Zeile "
+"%d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - Inkonsistenter neuer Dateiname in Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - Inkonsistenter alter Dateiname in Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - erwartete /dev/null in Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: unerwartete Zeile: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "Patch-Fragment ohne Kopfbereich bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Dem Kopfbereich von \"git diff\" fehlen Informationen zum Dateinamen, wenn "
+"%d vorangestellter Teil des Pfades entfernt wird (Zeile %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Dem Kopfbereich von \"git diff\" fehlen Informationen zum Dateinamen, wenn "
+"%d vorangestellte Teile des Pfades entfernt werden (Zeile %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "neue Datei hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "entfernte Datei hat noch Inhalte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch bei Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "neue Datei %s hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "entfernte Datei %s hat noch Inhalte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** Warnung: Datei %s wird leer, aber nicht entfernt."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "nicht erkannter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "Patch mit nutzlosen Informationen bei Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "konnte symbolische Verknüpfung %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht öffnen oder lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Zeilenanfang: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Patch-Bereich #%d erfolgreich angewendet bei %d (%d Zeile versetzt)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Patch-Bereich #%d erfolgreich angewendet bei %d (%d Zeilen versetzt)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Kontext reduziert zu (%ld/%ld), um Patch-Bereich bei %d anzuwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"bei der Suche nach:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "keine Daten in Binär-Patch für '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Binär-Patch nicht auf '%s' anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"Binär-Patch für '%s' erzeugt falsches Ergebnis (erwartete %s, bekam %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' ist hinter einer symbolischen Verknüpfung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "Pfad %s wurde umbenannt/gelöscht"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s ist nicht im Index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s entspricht nicht der Version im Index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "Lösch-Patch hinterlässt Dateiinhalte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: falscher Typ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s ist vom Typ %o, erwartete %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Pfad '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s ist bereits bereitgestellt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s existiert bereits im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o) von %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "betroffene Datei '%s' ist hinter einer symbolischen Verknüpfung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: Patch konnte nicht angewendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Prüfe Patch %s ..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht aus dem Index entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch für Submodul %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte neu erstellte Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "kann internen Speicher für eben erstellte Datei %s nicht erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "kann für %s keinen Eintrag in den Zwischenspeicher hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "schließe Datei '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' mit Modus %o nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s sauber angewendet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "interner Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisung an..."
+msgstr[1] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisungen an..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "Verkürze Name von .rej Datei zu %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "Kann %s nicht öffnen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch-Bereich #%d sauber angewendet."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Patch-Block #%d zurückgewiesen."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "Patch '%s' ausgelassen."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "Konnte Index-Datei nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "keine Änderungen im angegebenen Pfad anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "Änderungen nur im angegebenen Pfad anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr ""
+"<Anzahl> vorangestellte Schrägstriche von herkömmlichen Differenzpfaden "
+"entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "hinzugefügte Zeilen des Patches ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr ""
+"anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, den \"diffstat\" für die Eingabe "
+"ausgegeben"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+"die Anzahl von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen in Dezimalnotation anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr ""
+"anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, eine Zusammenfassung für die Eingabe "
+"ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr ""
+"anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, zeige ob Patch angewendet werden kann"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr ""
+"sicherstellen, dass der Patch mit dem aktuellen Index angewendet werden kann"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "Patch anwenden, ohne Änderungen im Arbeitsverzeichnis vorzunehmen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr ""
+"Patch anwenden, der Änderungen außerhalb des Arbeitsverzeichnisses vornimmt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "Patch anwenden (Benutzung mit --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "versuche 3-Wege-Merge, wenn der Patch nicht angewendet werden konnte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"einen temporären Index, basierend auf den integrierten Index-Informationen, "
+"erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "Pfade sind getrennt durch NUL Zeichen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr ""
+"sicher stellen, dass mindestens <n> Zeilen des Kontextes übereinstimmen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "neue oder geänderte Zeilen, die Whitespace-Fehler haben, ermitteln"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "Änderungen im Whitespace bei der Suche des Kontextes ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "den Patch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "keinen Kontext erwarten"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr ""
+"zurückgewiesene Patch-Blöcke in entsprechenden *.rej Dateien hinterlassen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "sich überlappende Patch-Blöcke erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "fehlerhaft erkannten fehlenden Zeilenumbruch am Dateiende tolerieren"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "den Zeilennummern im Kopf des Patch-Blocks nicht vertrauen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "<Wurzelverzeichnis> vor alle Dateinamen stellen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --3way kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --index kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --cached kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Patch '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "unterdrückte %d Whitespace-Fehler"
+msgstr[1] "unterdrückte %d Whitespace-Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d Zeile fügt Whitespace-Fehler hinzu."
+msgstr[1] "%d Zeilen fügen Whitespace-Fehler hinzu."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Archiv-Datei '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "Konnte Ausgabe nicht umleiten."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Externes Archiv ohne URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: habe ACK/NAK erwartet, aber EOF bekommen"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler am anderen Ende: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: Protokollfehler"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: erwartete eine Spülung (flush)"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "'git bisect next' ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "BISECT_HEAD aktualisieren, anstatt den aktuellen Commit auszuchecken"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<Optionen>] [<rev-opts>] [<Commit>] [--] <Datei>"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<rev-opts> sind dokumentiert in git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "Verarbeite Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "\"blame\"-Einträge schrittweise anzeigen, während wir sie generieren"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "leere SHA-1 für Grenz-Commits anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Ursprungs-Commit nicht als Grenzen behandeln (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Statistiken zum Arbeitsaufwand anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Ausgabebewertung für \"blame\"-Einträge anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "ursprünglichen Dateinamen anzeigen (Standard: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "ursprüngliche Zeilennummer anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Anzeige in einem Format für maschinelle Auswertung"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige in Format für Fremdprogramme mit Commit-Informationen pro Zeile"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Den gleichen Ausgabemodus benutzen wie \"git-annotate\" (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Unbearbeiteten Zeitstempel anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Langen Commit-SHA1 anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Den Namen des Autors und den Zeitstempel unterdrücken (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Anstatt des Namens die E-Mail-Adresse des Autors anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Unterschiede im Whitespace ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Länger arbeiten, um bessere Übereinstimmungen zu finden"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Commits von <Datei> benutzen, anstatt \"git-rev-list\" aufzurufen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Inhalte der <Datei>en als endgültiges Abbild benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "Bewertung"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "kopierte Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien finden"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "verschobene Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien finden"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "nur Zeilen im Bereich n,m verarbeiten, gezählt von 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "vor 4 Jahren, und 11 Monaten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] [-l] [-f] <Branchname> [<Startpunkt>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] [-r] (-d | -D) <Branchname>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] (-m | -M) [<alter-Branch>] <neuer-Branch>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"entferne Branch '%s', der zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
+"         '%s', aber noch nicht mit HEAD zusammengeführt wurde."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"entferne Branch '%s' nicht, der noch nicht zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
+"         '%s', obwohl er mit HEAD zusammengeführt wurde."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Objekt für '%s' nicht nachschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Branch '%s' ist nicht vollständig zusammengeführt.\n"
+"Wenn Sie sicher sind diesen Branch zu entfernen, führen Sie 'git branch -D "
+"%s' aus."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "kann -a nicht mit -d benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Objekt für HEAD nicht nachschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Branch '%s' nicht entfernen, ausgecheckt in '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Remote-Tracking-Branch '%s' nicht gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' nicht gefunden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Remote-Tracking-Branches '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Branches '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Remote-Tracking-Branch %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branch %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: entfernt]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d hinterher]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%d hinterher]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d voraus]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%d voraus]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d voraus, %d hinterher]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%d voraus, %d hinterher]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ungültige Referenz ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch, Rebase von Branch %s im Gange)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch, binäre Suche begonnen bei %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD losgelöst bei %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD losgelöst von %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "Branch %s wird auf %s umgesetzt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "Binäre Suche von Branch %s zu %s im Gange"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann aktuellen Branch nicht umbenennen, solange Sie sich auf keinem befinden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Branchname: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Umbenennung des Branches fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "falsch benannten Branch '%s' umbenannt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Branch umbenannt zu %s, aber HEAD ist nicht aktualisiert!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"Branch ist umbenannt, aber die Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei ist "
+"fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "Konnte Beschreibungsvorlage für Branch nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "Hash und Betreff anzeigen; -vv: zusätzlich Upstream-Branch"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "Informationsmeldungen unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "den Ãœbernahmemodus einstellen (siehe git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "Informationen zum Upstream-Branch ändern"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "Upstream"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "Informationen zum Upstream-Branch ändern"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "farbige Ausgaben verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "auf Remote-Tracking-Branches wirken"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "nur Branches ausgeben, welche diesen Commit beinhalten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "spezifische Aktionen für \"git-branch\":"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "Remote-Tracking und lokale Branches auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "vollständig zusammengeführten Branch entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "Branch löschen (auch wenn nicht zusammengeführt)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "einen Branch und dessen Reflog verschieben/umbenennen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+"einen Branch verschieben/umbenennen, auch wenn das Ziel bereits existiert"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "Branchnamen auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "das Reflog des Branches erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "die Beschreibung für den Branch bearbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "Erstellung, Verschiebung/Umbenennung oder Löschung erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "nur zusammengeführte Branches ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "nur nicht zusammengeführte Branches ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "Branches in Spalten auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "Schüssel"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "sortiere nach diesem Feld"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "nur Branches von diesem Objekt ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Konnte HEAD nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD wurde nicht unter \"refs/heads\" gefunden!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --column und --verbose sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "Branchname erforderlich"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "zu losgelöstem HEAD kann keine Beschreibung hinterlegt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "Beschreibung von mehr als einem Branch kann nicht bearbeitet werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Noch kein Commit in Branch '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' nicht vorhanden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "zu viele Branches für eine Umbenennen-Operation angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "zu viele Branches angegeben, um Upstream-Branch zu setzen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte keinen neuen Upstream-Branch von HEAD zu %s setzen, da dieser auf\n"
+"keinen Branch zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Branch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"zu viele Branches angegeben, um Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch zu entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch von HEAD nicht entfernen, da dieser\n"
+"auf keinen Branch zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' hat keinen Upstream-Branch gesetzt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "'HEAD' darf nicht manuell erstellt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen -a und -r bei 'git branch' können nicht gemeimsam mit einem "
+"Branchnamen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die --set-upstream Option ist veraltet und wird entfernt. Benutzen Sie --"
+"track oder --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Wenn Sie wollten, dass '%s' den Branch '%s' als Upstream-Branch hat, führen "
+"Sie aus:\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s ist in Ordnung\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Um ein Paket zu erstellen wird ein Repository benötigt."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Zum Entpacken wird ein Repository benötigt."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<Art>|--textconv) <Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<Art> kann sein: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "Objektart anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "Objektgröße anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "mit Rückgabewert 0 beenden, wenn kein Fehler aufgetreten ist"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "ansprechende Anzeige des Objektinhaltes"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "eine Textkonvertierung auf den Inhalt von Blob-Objekten ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "-s und -t mit beschädigten Objekten erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe von --batch puffern"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige von Informationen und Inhalt von Objekten, gelesen von der Standard-"
+"Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige von Informationen über Objekte, gelesen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr ""
+"symbolischen Verknüpfungen innerhalb des Repositories folgen (verwendet mit "
+"--batch oder --batch-check)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "alle Objekte mit --batch oder --batch-check anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <Attribut>...] [--] <Pfadname>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <Attribut>...]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "alle Attribute einer Datei ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "nur .gitattributes vom Index verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "Dateinamen von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "Einträge von Ein- und Ausgabe mit NUL-Zeichen abschließen"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "Eingabe-Pfade ohne Ãœbereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "Index bei der Prüfung ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "Angabe von Pfadnamen kann nicht gemeinsam mit --stdin verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "Die Option -z kann nur mit --stdin verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "kein Pfad angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "Die Option --quiet ist nur mit einem einzelnen Pfadnamen gültig."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --quiet und --verbose können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching ist nur mit --verbose zulässig"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<Optionen>] <Kontakt>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "ebenfalls Kontakte von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Kontakt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "keine Kontakte angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<Optionen>] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "--stage sollte zwischen 1 und 3 oder 'all' sein"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "alle Dateien im Index auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "das Ãœberschreiben bereits existierender Dateien erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Warnung für existierende Dateien, und Dateien, die sich nicht im Index "
+"befinden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "keine neuen Dateien auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "Dateiinformationen in der Index-Datei aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "eine Liste von Pfaden von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "den Inhalt in temporäre Dateien schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "Zeichenkette"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr ""
+"wenn Dateien erzeugt werden, stelle <Zeichenkette> dem Dateinamen voran"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "Dateien von dem benannten Stand kopieren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<Optionen>] <Branch>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<Optionen>] [<Branch>] -- <Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht unsere Version."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht deren Version."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht alle notwendigen Versionen."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht die notwendigen Versionen."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s': kann nicht zusammenführen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Merge-Ergebnis von '%s' nicht hinzufügen."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit der Aktualisierung von Pfaden verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Branch '%s' wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "beschädigte Index-Datei"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' ist nicht zusammengeführt."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst die Konflikte in Ihrem aktuellen Index auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "Kann \"reflog\" für '%s' nicht durchführen: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD ist jetzt bei"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "Konnte HEAD nicht aktualisieren."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Setze Branch '%s' neu\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Bereits auf '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Zu umgesetztem Branch '%s' gewechselt\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Zu neuem Branch '%s' gewechselt\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Zu Branch '%s' gewechselt\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... und %d weitere.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Warnung: Sie lassen %d Commit zurück. Folgender Commit ist in\n"
+"keinem Ihrer Branches enthalten:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Warnung: Sie lassen %d Commits zurück. Folgende Commits sind in\n"
+"keinem Ihrer Branches enthalten:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Wenn Sie diese durch einen neuen Branch behalten möchten, dann könnte jetzt\n"
+"ein guter Zeitpunkt sein dies zu tun mit:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <neuer-Branchname> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Wenn Sie diese durch einen neuen Branch behalten möchten, dann könnte jetzt\n"
+"ein guter Zeitpunkt sein dies zu tun mit:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <neuer-Branchname> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "interner Fehler im Revisionsgang"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Vorherige Position von HEAD war"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Sie sind auf einem Branch, der noch geboren wird"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "nur eine Referenz erwartet, %d gegeben."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Referenz: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "Referenz ist kein \"Tree\"-Objekt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "Pfade können nicht beim Wechseln von Branches verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht beim Wechseln von Branches verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Branch nicht zu Nicht-Commit '%s' wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "Branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "einen neuen Branch erzeugen und auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "einen Branch erstellen/umsetzen und auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "das Reflog für den neuen Branch erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "HEAD zu benanntem Commit setzen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "Informationen zum Upstream-Branch für den neuen Branch setzen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "neuer Branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "neuer Branch ohne Eltern-Commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "unsere Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "ihre Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "Auschecken erzwingen (verwirft lokale Änderungen)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "einen 3-Wege-Merge mit dem neuen Branch ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "ignorierte Dateien aktualisieren (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "Stil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "Konfliktstil (merge oder diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "keine Einschränkung bei Pfadspezifikationen zum partiellen Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr ""
+"Prüfung, ob die Referenz bereits in einem anderen Arbeitsverzeichnis "
+"ausgecheckt wurde, deaktivieren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -b, -B und --orphan schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "Bei der Option --track muss ein Branchname angegeben werden."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Vermisse Branchnamen; versuchen Sie -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "ungültige Pfadspezifikation"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Branch '%s' wechseln.\n"
+"Haben Sie beabsichtigt '%s' auszuchecken, welcher nicht als Commit aufgelöst "
+"werden kann?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach nimmt kein Pfad-Argument '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force und --merge sind inkompatibel wenn\n"
+"Sie aus dem Index auschecken."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <Muster>] [-x | -X] [--] <Pfade>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Lösche %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde %s löschen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ãœberspringe Repository %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde Repository %s überspringen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Löschen von %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Eingabehilfe:\n"
+"1          - nummeriertes Element auswählen\n"
+"foo        - Element anhand eines eindeutigen Präfix auswählen\n"
+"           - (leer) nichts auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Eingabehilfe:\n"
+"1          - einzelnes Element auswählen\n"
+"3-5        - Bereich von Elementen auswählen\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - mehrere Bereiche auswählen\n"
+"foo        - Element anhand eines eindeutigen Präfix auswählen\n"
+"-...       - angegebenes Element abwählen\n"
+"*          - alle Elemente auswählen\n"
+"           - (leer) Auswahl beenden"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Wie bitte (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Ignorier-Muster eingeben>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "WARNUNG: Kann keine Einträge finden die Muster entsprechen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Wählen Sie Einträge zum Löschen"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "'%s' löschen [y/N]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Tschüss."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - Clean starten\n"
+"filter by pattern   - Einträge von Löschung ausschließen\n"
+"select by numbers   - Auswahl von Einträgen über Nummern\n"
+"ask each            - jede Löschung bestätigen (wie \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - Clean beenden\n"
+"help                - diese Meldung anzeigen\n"
+"?                   - Hilfe zur Auswahl mittels Eingabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Befehle ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Was nun"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Würde das folgende Element entfernen:"
+msgstr[1] "Würde die folgenden Elemente entfernen:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Keine Dateien mehr zum Löschen, beende."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "keine Namen von gelöschten Dateien ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "Aktion erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "interaktives Clean"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "ganze Verzeichnisse löschen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "Muster"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "<Muster> zu den Regeln für ignorierte Pfade hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "auch ignorierte Dateien löschen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "nur ignorierte Dateien löschen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -x und -X können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -i, -n noch -f gegeben; "
+"\"clean\" verweigert"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce standardmäßig auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -i, -n noch -"
+"f gegeben; \"clean\" verweigert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<Optionen>] [--] <Repository> [<Verzeichnis>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "kein Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "ein Bare-Repository erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "ein Spiegelarchiv erstellen (impliziert --bare)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "von einem lokalen Repository klonen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "lokal keine harten Verweise verwenden, immer Kopien"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "als verteiltes Repository einrichten"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "Submodule im Klon initialisieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "Anzahl der parallel zu klonenden Submodule"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "Vorlagenverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis, von welchem die Vorlagen verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "Repository referenzieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "--reference nur während des Klonens benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "Name"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "<Name> statt 'origin' für Upstream-Repository verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "<Branch> auschecken, anstatt HEAD des Remote-Repositories"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "Pfad zu \"git-upload-pack\" auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667 builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "Tiefe"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr ""
+"einen Klon mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow) in dieser Tiefe erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "nur einen Branch klonen, HEAD oder --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "jedes geklonte Submodul mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr ".git-Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis vom Arbeitsverzeichnis separieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "Schlüssel=Wert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "Konfiguration innerhalb des neuen Repositories setzen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "nur IPv4-Adressen benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "nur IPv6-Adressen benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte keinen Verzeichnisnamen erraten.\n"
+"Bitte geben Sie ein Verzeichnis auf der Befehlszeile an."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr ""
+"Referenziertes Repository '%s' wird noch nicht als verknüpftes\n"
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis unterstützt."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "Referenziertes Repository '%s' ist kein lokales Repository."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr ""
+"Referenziertes Repository '%s' hat eine unvollständige Historie (shallow)."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr ""
+"Referenziertes Repository '%s' ist mit künstlichen Vorgängern (\"grafts\") "
+"eingehängt."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existiert und ist kein Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Verweis '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Datei nicht nach '%s' kopieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "Fertig.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen erfolgreich, Auschecken ist aber fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+"Sie können mit 'git status' prüfen, was ausgecheckt worden ist\n"
+"und das Auschecken mit 'git checkout -f HEAD' erneut versuchen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Konnte zu klonenden Remote-Branch %s nicht finden."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Prüfe Konnektivität ... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "Remote-Repository hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Externer HEAD bezieht sich auf eine nicht existierende Referenz und kann "
+"nicht ausgecheckt werden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis konnte nicht ausgecheckt werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "konnte Parameter nicht in Konfigurationsdatei schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "Kann \"repack\" zum Aufräumen nicht aufrufen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "Kann temporäre \"alternates\"-Datei nicht entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Zu viele Argumente."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Sie müssen ein Repository zum Klonen angeben."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --origin %s sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --separate-git-dir sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "Repository '%s' existiert nicht."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "Tiefe %s ist keine positive Zahl"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "Zielpfad '%s' existiert bereits und ist kein leeres Verzeichnis."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' existiert bereits."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte führende Verzeichnisse von '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klone in Bare-Repository '%s' ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klone nach '%s' ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --depth wird in lokalen Klonen ignoriert; benutzen Sie "
+"stattdessen file://"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr ""
+"Quelle ist ein Repository mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow),ignoriere --"
+"local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local wird ignoriert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Weiß nicht wie %s zu klonen ist."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Remote-Branch %s nicht im Upstream-Repository %s gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Sie scheinen ein leeres Repository geklont zu haben."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "Konfigurationsvariablen nachschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Anordnung"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "maximale Breite"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Abstand zum linken Rand"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Abstand zur rechten Rand"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Abstand zwischen Spalten"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "Die Option --command muss an erster Stelle stehen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<Optionen>] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<Optionen>] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ihr Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
+"Ihres Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfen Sie, dass\n"
+"diese zutreffend sind. Sie können diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem Sie\n"
+"diese explizit setzen. Führen Sie dazu den folgenden Befehl aus und folgen\n"
+"Sie den Anweisungen in Ihrem Editor, um die Konfigurationsdatei zu "
+"bearbeiten:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"Nachdem Sie das getan haben, können Sie Ihre Identität für diesen Commit\n"
+"ändern mit:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ihr Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
+"Ihres Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfen Sie, dass\n"
+"diese zutreffend sind. Sie können diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem Sie\n"
+"diese explizit setzen:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Ihr Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email ihre@emailadresse.de\n"
+"\n"
+"Nachdem Sie das getan haben, können Sie Ihre Identität für diesen Commit "
+"ändern:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie fragten den jüngsten Commit nachzubessern, aber das würde diesen leer\n"
+"machen. Sie können Ihren Befehl mit --allow-empty wiederholen, oder diesen\n"
+"Commit mit \"git reset HEAD^\" vollständig entfernen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Der letzte \"cherry-pick\" ist jetzt leer, möglicherweise durch eine "
+"Konfliktauflösung.\n"
+"Wenn Sie dies trotzdem committen wollen, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Andernfalls benutzen Sie bitte 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie diesen Commit auslassen möchten, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Benutzen Sie anschließend \"git cherry-pick --continue\", um die\n"
+"Cherry-Pick-Operation mit den verbleibenden Commits fortzusetzen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entpacken des \"Tree\"-Objektes von HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "Konnte temporären Index nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "Konnte temporären Index nicht aktualisieren."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Konnte Haupt-Cache-Verzeichnis nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "Konnte new_index Datei nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "Kann keinen Teil-Commit durchführen, während ein Merge im Gange ist."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann keinen Teil-Commit durchführen, während \"cherry-pick\" im Gange ist."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "Kann Index nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "Konnte temporäre Index-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "Commit '%s' fehlt Autor-Kopfbereich"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "Commit '%s' hat fehlerhafte Autor-Zeile"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "Fehlerhafter --author Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiges Datumsformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte kein Kommentar-Zeichen auswählen, das nicht in\n"
+"der aktuellen Commit-Beschreibung verwendet wird."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit %s nicht nachschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(lese Log-Nachricht von Standard-Eingabe)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "Konnte Log nicht von Standard-Eingabe lesen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Log-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Konnte SQUASH_MSG nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MSG nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Vorlage nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als committen Sie einen Merge.\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als committen Sie einen \"cherry-pick\".\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen,\n"
+"die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung\n"
+"bricht den Commit ab.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen, "
+"die\n"
+"mit '%c' beginnen, werden beibehalten; wenn Sie möchten, können Sie diese "
+"entfernen.\n"
+"Eine leere Beschreibung bricht den Commit ab.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sAutor:           %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sDatum:            %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sCommit-Ersteller: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Kann Index nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen der \"Tree\"-Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie eine Beschreibung entweder mit der Option -m oder -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' ist nicht im Format 'Name <E-Mail>' und stimmt mit keinem "
+"vorhandenen Autor überein"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Modus '%s' für unversionierte Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und -z sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --reset-author und --author können nicht gemeinsam verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Sie haben nichts für \"--amend\"."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Ein Merge ist im Gange -- kann \"--amend\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" ist im Gange -- kann \"--amend\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --squash und --fixup können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Es kann nur eine Option von -c/-C/-F/--fixup verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Die Option -m kann nicht mit -c/-C/-F/--fixup kombiniert werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --reset--author kann nur mit -C, -c oder --amend verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Es kann nur eine Option von --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --include und --only können nur mit der Angabe von Pfaden "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Klug ... den letzten Commit mit einem geänderten Index nachbessern."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Explizite Pfade ohne -i oder -o angegeben; nehme --only an"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger \"cleanup\" Modus %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Die Option -a kann nicht mit der Angabe von Pfaden verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "Status im Kurzformat anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "Branchinformationen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "maschinenlesbare Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "Status im Langformat anzeigen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "Einträge mit NUL-Zeichen abschließen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "Modus"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"unversionierte Dateien anzeigen, optionale Modi: all, normal, no. (Standard: "
+"all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "ignorierte Dateien anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "wann"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"Änderungen in Submodulen ignorieren, optional wenn: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Standard: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "unversionierte Dateien in Spalten auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "Konnte neu erstellten Commit nicht nachschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "Konnte neulich erstellten Commit nicht analysieren."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "losgelöster HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (Basis-Commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "Zusammenfassung nach erfolgreichem Commit unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "Unterschiede in Commit-Beschreibungsvorlage anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "Beschreibung von Datei lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "Autor eines Commits überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "Datum eines Commits überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "Commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "Beschreibung des angegebenen Commits wiederverwenden und editieren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "Beschreibung des angegebenen Commits wiederverwenden"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung zum Nachbessern des "
+"angegebenen Commits verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung beim \"squash\" des "
+"angegebenen Commits verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "Sie als Autor des Commits setzen (verwendet mit -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "'Signed-off-by:'-Zeile hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "angegebene Vorlagendatei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung des Commits erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "Standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr ""
+"wie Leerzeichen und #Kommentare von der Beschreibung getrennt werden sollen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "Status in die Commit-Beschreibungsvorlage einfügen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "Commit mit GPG signieren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Commit-Inhalt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "alle geänderten Dateien committen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "die angegebenen Dateien zusätzlich zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Änderungen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "nur die angegebenen Dateien committen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "\"pre-commit hook\" umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "anzeigen, was committet werden würde"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "vorherigen Commit ändern"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "\"post-rewrite hook\" umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "Aufzeichnung einer leeren Änderung erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "Aufzeichnung einer Änderung mit einer leeren Beschreibung erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit von HEAD nicht analysieren."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Beschädigte MERGE_HEAD-Datei (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MODE nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Beschreibung nicht lesen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Commit abgebrochen; Sie haben die Beschreibung nicht editiert.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Commit aufgrund leerer Beschreibung abgebrochen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Repository wurde aktualisiert, aber die \"new_index\"-Datei\n"
+"konnte nicht geschrieben werden. Prüfen Sie, dass Ihre Festplatte nicht\n"
+"voll und Ihr Kontingent nicht aufgebraucht ist und führen Sie\n"
+"anschließend \"git reset HEAD\" zu Wiederherstellung aus."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Ort der Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "globale Konfigurationsdatei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "systemweite Konfigurationsdatei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "Konfigurationsdatei des Repositories verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "die angegebene Konfigurationsdatei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "Blob-Id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "Konfiguration von angegebenem Blob-Objekt lesen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Aktion"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "Wert zurückgeben: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "alle Werte zurückgeben: Schlüssel [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "Werte für den regulären Ausdruck zurückgeben: Name-regex [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "Wert spezifisch für eine URL zurückgeben: section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "alle passenden Variablen ersetzen: Name Wert [Wert-regex] "
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "neue Variable hinzufügen: Name Wert"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "eine Variable entfernen: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "alle Ãœbereinstimmungen entfernen: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "eine Sektion umbenennen: alter-Name neuer-Name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "eine Sektion entfernen: Name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "alles auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "einen Editor öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "die konfigurierte Farbe finden: Slot [Standard]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "die Farbeinstellung finden: Slot [Standard-Ausgabe-ist-Terminal]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Typ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "Wert ist \"true\" oder \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "Wert ist eine Dezimalzahl"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "Wert ist --bool oder --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "Wert ist ein Pfad (Datei oder Verzeichnisname)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Sonstiges"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "schließt Werte mit NUL-Byte ab"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "nur Variablennamen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "beachtet \"include\"-Direktiven beim Nachschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr ""
+"Ursprung der Konfiguration anzeigen (Datei, Standard-Eingabe, Blob, "
+"Befehlszeile)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "konnte Standard-Farbwert nicht parsen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Das ist Git's benutzerspezifische Konfiguraionsdatei.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Bitte passen Sie die folgenden Zeilen an und kommentieren Sie diese aus:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Konfigurationsdatei '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "gibt Größenangaben in menschenlesbaren Format aus"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<Optionen>] [<Commit-Angabe>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<Optionen>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag %s ist nicht verfügbar"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag %s hat keinen eingebetteten Namen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' ist eigentlich '%s' hier"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "%s ist kein gültiger Objekt-Name"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s ist kein gültiges '%s' Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "kein Tag entspricht exakt '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "suche zur Beschreibung von %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "beendete Suche bei %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine annotierten Tags können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
+"Jedoch gab es nicht-annotierte Tags: versuchen Sie --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine Tags können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
+"Versuchen Sie --always oder erstellen Sie einige Tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "%lu Commits durchlaufen\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mehr als %i Tags gefunden; Führe die ersten %i auf\n"
+"Suche bei %s aufgegeben\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "das Tag finden, das nach dem Commit kommt"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "die Suchstrategie in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe protokollieren"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "alle Referenzen verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "jedes Tag verwenden, auch nicht-annotierte"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "immer langes Format verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "nur erstem Elternteil folgen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "nur exakte Ãœbereinstimmungen ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "die jüngsten <n> Tags betrachten (Standard: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "nur Tags, die <Muster> entsprechen, betrachten"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "gekürztes Commit-Objekt anzeigen, wenn sonst nichts zutrifft"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "Kennzeichen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+"<Kennzeichen> bei geändertem Arbeitsverzeichnis hinzufügen (Standard: \"-"
+"dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und --abbrev=0 sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Keine Namen gefunden, kann nichts beschreiben."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "Die Option --dirty kann nicht mit Commits verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s': keine reguläre Datei oder symbolische Verknüpfung"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Option: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Kein Git-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "Objekt '%s' ist ungültig."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "Mehr als zwei Blobs angegeben: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "unbehandeltes Objekt '%s' angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "Fortschritt nach <n> Objekten anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "Behandlung von signierten Tags wählen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "Behandlung von Tags wählen, die gefilterte Objekte markieren"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Kennzeichen in diese Datei schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Kennzeichen von dieser Datei importieren"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "künstlich einen Tag-Ersteller erzeugen, wenn das Tag keinen hat"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "für jeden Commit das gesamte Verzeichnis ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "die \"done\"-Funktion benutzen, um den Datenstrom abzuschließen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Ausgabe von Blob-Daten überspringen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "Refspec"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Refspec auf exportierte Referenzen anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe anonymisieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] <Gruppe>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<Optionen>] [(<Repository> | <Gruppe>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "fordert von allen Remote-Repositories an"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "an .git/FETCH_HEAD anhängen, anstatt zu überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "Pfad des Programms zum Hochladen von Paketen auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "das Ãœberschreiben von lokalen Branches erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "von mehreren Remote-Repositories anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "alle Tags und verbundene Objekte anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "nicht alle Tags anfordern (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "Anzahl der parallel anzufordernden Submodule"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"Remote-Tracking-Branches entfernen, die sich nicht mehr im Remote-Repository "
+"befinden"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "bei-Bedarf"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "rekursive Anforderungen von Submodulen kontrollieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "heruntergeladenes Paket behalten"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung der \"HEAD\"-Referenz erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr ""
+"die Historie eines Klons mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow) vertiefen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "zu einem vollständigen Repository konvertieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "dies an die Ausgabe der Submodul-Pfade voranstellen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "Standard-Modus für Rekursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "Referenzen, die .git/shallow aktualisieren, akzeptieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "Refmap"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "Refmap für 'fetch' angeben"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Konnte Remote-Referenz von HEAD nicht finden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "Objekt %s nicht gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[aktuell]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kann \"fetch\" im aktuellen Branch nicht ausführen)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[zurückgewiesen]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[Tag Aktualisierung]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[neues Tag]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[neuer Branch]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[neue Referenz]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung erzwungen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(kein Vorspulen)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+"%s wurde zurückgewiesen, da Ursprungs-Commits von Repositoriesmit "
+"unvollständiger Historie (shallow) nicht aktualisiert werden dürfen."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Von %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"Einige lokale Referenzen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden; versuchen Sie\n"
+"'git remote prune %s', um jeden älteren, widersprüchlichen Branch zu löschen."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s wird unreferenziert)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s wurde unreferenziert)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[gelöscht]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(nichts)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Der \"fetch\" in den aktuellen Branch %s von einem nicht-Bare-Repository "
+"wurde verweigert."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Option \"%s\" Wert \"%s\" ist nicht gültig für %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Option \"%s\" wird ignoriert für %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Weiß nicht wie von %s angefordert wird."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Fordere an von %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht von %s anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Kein Remote-Repository angegeben. Bitte geben Sie entweder eine URL\n"
+"oder den Namen des Remote-Repositories an, von welchem neue\n"
+"Commits angefordert werden sollen."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Sie müssen den Namen des Tags angeben."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --depth und --unshallow können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --unshallow kann nicht in einem Repository mit unvollständiger "
+"Historie verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all akzeptiert kein Repository als Argument"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all kann nicht mit Refspecs verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Repository (einzeln oder Gruppe): %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Das Abholen einer Gruppe von Remote-Repositories kann nicht mit der Angabe\n"
+"von Refspecs verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <Beschreibung>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file "
+"<Datei>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "Historie mit höchstens <n> Einträgen von \"shortlog\" hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "Alias für --log (veraltet)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "Text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "<Text> als Beschreibungsanfang verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "Datei zum Einlesen"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<Optionen>] [<Muster>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points-at <Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "Platzhalter als Shell-String formatieren"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "Platzhalter als Perl-String formatieren"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "Platzhalter als Python-String formatieren"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "Platzhalter als Tcl-String formatieren"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "nur <n> passende Referenzen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "für die Ausgabe zu verwendendes Format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "nur auf dieses Objekt zeigende Referenzen ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "nur zusammengeführte Referenzen ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "nur nicht zusammengeführte Referenzen ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "nur Referenzen ausgeben, die diesen Commit enthalten"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Prüfe Konnektivität"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Prüfe Objekt-Verzeichnisse"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "unerreichbare Objekte anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "unreferenzierte Objekte anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "Tags melden"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "Hauptwurzeln melden"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "Index-Objekte in Erreichbarkeitsprüfung einbeziehen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "Reflogs in Erreichbarkeitsprüfung einbeziehen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "ebenso Pakete und alternative Objekte betrachten"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "nur Konnektivität prüfen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "genauere Prüfung aktivieren"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "unreferenzierte Objekte nach .git/lost-found schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Prüfe Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger %s: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "zu langes Objekt-Verzeichnis %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Die letzte Ausführung von \"gc run\" enthielt die folgenden Meldungen.\n"
+"Bitte beheben Sie das Hauptproblem und löschen Sie %s.\n"
+"Ein automatischer Cleanup wird nicht ausgeführt, bis diese Datei entfernt\n"
+"wurde.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "unreferenzierte Objekte entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "mehr Gründlichkeit (erhöht Laufzeit)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "\"auto-gc\" Modus aktivieren"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+"Ausführung von \"git gc\" erwzingen, selbst wenn ein anderes\n"
+"\"git gc\" bereits ausgeführt wird"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Datenbank des Repositories wird für eine optimale Performance im\n"
+"Hintergrund komprimiert.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance "
+"komprimiert.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Siehe \"git help gc\" für manuelles Aufräumen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"\"git gc\" wird bereits auf Maschine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> ausgeführt\n"
+"(benutzen Sie --force falls nicht)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Es gibt zu viele unerreichbare lose Objekte; führen Sie 'git prune' aus, um "
+"diese zu löschen."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<Optionen>] [-e] <Muster> [<Commit>...] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: Fehler beim Erzeugen eines Thread: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "ungültige Anzahl von Threads (%d) für %s angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "konnte \"Tree\"-Objekt (%s) nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "kann \"grep\" nicht mit Objekten des Typs %s durchführen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "Schalter '%c' erwartet einen numerischen Wert"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "im Index anstatt im Arbeitsverzeichnis suchen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "auch in Inhalten finden, die nicht von Git verwaltet werden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "in versionierten und unversionierten Dateien suchen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "Dateien, die über '.gitignore' angegeben sind, ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "Zeilen ohne Ãœbereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "Übereinstimmungen unabhängig von Groß- und Kleinschreibung finden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "nur ganze Wörter suchen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "binäre Dateien als Text verarbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "keine Muster in Binärdateien finden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "binäre Dateien mit \"textconv\"-Filtern verarbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "höchstens <Tiefe> Ebenen durchlaufen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "erweiterte reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "grundlegende reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX verwenden (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "Muster als feste Zeichenketten interpretieren"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "Perl-kompatible reguläre Ausdrücke verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "Zeilennummern anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "keine Dateinamen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "Dateinamen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "Dateinamen relativ zum Projektverzeichnis anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "nur Dateinamen anzeigen anstatt übereinstimmende Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "Synonym für --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "nur die Dateinamen ohne Ãœbereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "NUL-Zeichen nach Dateinamen ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "anstatt der Zeilen, die Anzahl der übereinstimmenden Zeilen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "Ãœbereinstimmungen hervorheben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+"eine Leerzeile zwischen Ãœbereinstimmungen in verschiedenen Dateien ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"den Dateinamen nur einmal oberhalb der Ãœbereinstimmungen aus dieser Datei "
+"anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "<n> Zeilen vor und nach den Ãœbereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "<n> Zeilen vor den Ãœbereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "<n> Zeilen nach den Ãœbereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "<n> Threads benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "Kurzform für -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "eine Zeile mit dem Funktionsnamen vor Ãœbereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "die umgebende Funktion anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "Muster von einer Datei lesen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "<Muster> finden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "Muster kombinieren, die mit -e angegeben wurden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "Ãœbereinstimmungen nur durch Beendigungsstatus anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"nur Ãœbereinstimmungen von Dateien anzeigen, die allen Mustern entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "geparstes Verzeichnis für \"grep\"-Ausdruck anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "Anzeigeprogramm"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "Dateien mit Ãœbereinstimmungen im Anzeigeprogramm anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "den Aufruf von grep(1) erlauben (von dieser Programmversion ignoriert)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "keine Muster angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "ungültige Anzahl von Threads angegeben (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --open-files-in-pager kann nur innerhalb des "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnisses verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --untracked können nicht mit --no-index verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --no-index und --untracked können nicht mit Commits verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --[no-]exclude-standard kann nicht mit versionierten Inhalten "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "Die Option --cached kann nicht mit \"Tree\"-Objekten verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <Art>] [-w] [--path=<Datei> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "Art"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "Art des Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "das Objekt in die Objektdatenbank schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "das Objekt von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "Datei wie sie ist speichern, ohne Filter"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"Hash über zufällige Daten, zur Erzeugung von beschädigten Objekten zur\n"
+"Fehlersuche in Git, erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "Datei verarbeiten, als ob sie von diesem Pfad wäre"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "alle vorhandenen Befehle anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "Liste von allgemein verwendeten Anleitungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "Handbuch anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "Handbuch in einem Webbrowser anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "Info-Seite anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<Befehl>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkanntes Hilfeformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Konnte emacsclient nicht starten."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Konnte Version des emacsclient nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "Version des emacsclient '%d' ist zu alt (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': Pfad für nicht unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.cmd' benutzen."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': Programm für unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.path' benutzen."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s': unbekannter Handbuch-Betrachter."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "kein Handbuch-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "kein Informations-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definition von Attributen pro Pfad"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Tägliche Benutzung von Git mit ungefähr 20 Befehlen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Ein Git-Glossar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von bewusst ignorierten, unversionierten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Definition von Submodul-Eigenschaften"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von Commits und Bereichen für Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Eine einführende Anleitung zu Git (für Version 1.5.1 oder neuer)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Eine Übersicht über empfohlene Arbeitsabläufe mit Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Anleitungen sind:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "Verwendung: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "für `git %s' wurde der Alias `%s' angelegt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "Objekt-Typen passen bei %s nicht zusammen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "konnte erwartetes Objekt %s nicht empfangen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "Objekt %s: erwarteter Typ %s, %s gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "kann %d Byte nicht lesen"
+msgstr[1] "kann %d Bytes nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "zu frühes Dateiende"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "verwendete mehr Bytes als verfügbar waren"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "Paket ist zu groß für die aktuelle Definition von off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "Paketsignatur stimmt nicht überein"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "Paketversion %<PRIu32> nicht unterstützt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "Paket hat ein ungültiges Objekt bei Versatz %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "Dekomprimierung gab %d zurück"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt übergelaufen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr ""
+"Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt liegt außerhalb des gültigen Bereichs"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Objekt-Typ %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "Kann Paketdatei %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Byte"
+msgstr[1] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Bytes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "ernsthafte Inkonsistenz nach Dekomprimierung"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "SHA1 KOLLISION MIT %s GEFUNDEN !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "Kann existierendes Objekt %s nicht lesen."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "ungültiges Blob-Objekt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Typ %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Fehler in Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Nicht alle Kind-Objekte von %s sind erreichbar"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "Konnte Dateiunterschied nicht anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Empfange Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indiziere Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "Paket ist beschädigt (SHA1 unterschiedlich)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "kann Paketdatei nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "Paketende enthält nicht verwendbaren Inhalt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von \"parse_pack_objects()\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Löse Unterschiede auf"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "kann Thread nicht erzeugen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Auflösen der Unterschiede"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "abgeschlossen mit %d lokalem Objekt"
+msgstr[1] "abgeschlossen mit %d lokalen Objekten"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Unerwartete Prüfsumme für %s (Festplattenfehler?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschied"
+msgstr[1] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschiede"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "Konnte angehängtes Objekt (%d) nicht komprimieren"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "lokales Objekt %s ist beschädigt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen der Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann eben erstellte Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schließen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "Kann Paketdatei nicht speichern"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "Kann Indexdatei nicht speichern"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "\"pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>\" ist ungültig"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "keine Unterstützung von Threads, '%s' wird ignoriert"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann existierende Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann existierende Indexdatei für Paket '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekt"
+msgstr[1] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekt"
+msgstr[1] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "Name der Paketdatei '%s' endet nicht mit '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Kann nicht zurück zu Arbeitsverzeichnis wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s ist ungültig"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "Die Option --fix-thin kann nicht ohne --stdin verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "Die Option --verify wurde ohne Namen der Paketdatei angegeben."
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Vorlage '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Verzeichnis '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Verweis '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "kann symbolische Verknüpfung '%s' auf '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht nach '%s' kopieren"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "ignoriere Vorlage %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "keine Vorlagen in '%s' gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "kopiere keine Vorlagen von '%s': %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "kann nicht mit Dateityp %d umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht nach %s verschieben"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s Git-Repository in %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Reinitialisierte existierendes"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Initialisierte leeres"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " gemeinsames"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<Vorlagenverzeichnis>] [--"
+"shared[=<Berechtigungen>]] [<Verzeichnis>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "Berechtigungen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "angeben, dass das Git-Repository mit mehreren Benutzern geteilt wird"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "kann Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "kann nicht in Verzeichnis %s wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (oder --work-tree=<Verzeichnis>) nicht erlaubt ohne Spezifizierung von %s "
+"(oder --git-dir=<Verzeichnis>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann nicht auf Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' zugreifen."
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<Token>[(=|:)<Wert>])...] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "vorhandene Dateien direkt bearbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "kürzt leere Anhänge"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "Anhang"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "Anhang/Anhänge hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "keine Datei zur direkten Bearbeitung angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<Optionen>] [<Commitbereich>] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<Optionen>] <Objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Option für --decorate: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe der Unterschiede unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "Quelle anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "\"mailmap\"-Datei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "decorate-Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Verarbeitet nur Zeilen im Bereich n,m in der Datei, gezählt von 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "letzte Ausgabe: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: ungültige Datei"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Kann Objekt %s nicht lesen."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Typ: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers ohne Wert"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "Name des Ausgabeverzeichnisses ist zu lang."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Kann Patch-Datei %s nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Brauche genau einen Commit-Bereich."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Kein Commit-Bereich."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Anschreiben benötigt E-Mail-Format"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "ungültiges in-reply-to: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<Optionen>] [<seit> | <Commitbereich>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Zwei Ausgabeverzeichnisse?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "Konnte keine exakte Merge-Basis finden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Bestimmen des Upstream-Branches. Wenn Sie den Basis-Commit\n"
+"automatisch speichern lassen möchten, benutzen Sie bitte\n"
+"'git branch --set-upstream-to', um einem Remote-Branch zu folgen.\n"
+"Oder geben Sie den Basis-Commit mit '--base=<Basis-Commit-Id>' manuell an."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden einer exakten Merge-Basis."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "Basis-Commit sollte der Vorgänger der Revisionsliste sein."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "Basis-Commit sollte nicht in der Revisionsliste enthalten sein."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "kann Patch-Id nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "[PATCH n/m] auch mit einzelnem Patch verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "[PATCH] auch mit mehreren Patches verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "Ausgabe der Patches in Standard-Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "ein Deckblatt erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "einfache Nummernfolge für die Namen der Ausgabedateien verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "Dateiendung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "<Dateiendung> anstatt '.patch' verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "die Nummerierung der Patches bei <n> anstatt bei 1 beginnen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "die Serie als n-te Fassung kennzeichnen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "[<Präfix>] anstatt [PATCH] verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "erzeugte Dateien in <Verzeichnis> speichern"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "[PATCH] nicht entfernen/hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "keine binären Unterschiede ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "Hash mit Nullen in \"From\"-Header ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Patches einschließen, die einem Commit im Upstream-Branch entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "Patchformat anstatt des Standards anzeigen (Patch + Zusammenfassung)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "E-Mail-Einstellungen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "Header"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "E-Mail-Header hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "E-Mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "\"To:\"-Header hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "\"Cc:\"-Header hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "Ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"\"From\"-Adresse auf <Ident> setzen (oder Ident des Commit-Erstellers, wenn "
+"fehlend)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "message-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "aus erster E-Mail eine Antwort zu <message-id> machen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "Grenze"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "den Patch anhängen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "den Patch direkt in die Nachricht einfügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "Nachrichtenverkettung aktivieren, Stile: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "Signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "eine Signatur hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "Basis-Commit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "erforderliche Revisions-Informationen der Patch-Serie hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "eine Signatur aus einer Datei hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "keine Dateinamen der Patches anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "Die Optionen -n und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --subject-prefix und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-only kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-status kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --check kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "Standard-Ausgabe oder Verzeichnis, welches von beidem?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Signatur-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Ausgabedateien."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<Upstream> [<Branch> [<Limit>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte gefolgten Remote-Branch nicht finden, bitte geben Sie <Upstream> "
+"manuell an.\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<Optionen>] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "den Dateistatus mit Tags anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+"Kleinbuchstaben für Dateien mit 'assume unchanged' Markierung verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "zwischengespeicherte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "entfernte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "geänderte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "sonstige Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "ignorierte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr ""
+"Objektnamen von Inhalten, die zum Commit vorgemerkt sind, in der Ausgabe "
+"anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "Dateien im Dateisystem, die gelöscht werden müssen, anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "nur Namen von 'sonstigen' Verzeichnissen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "Zeilenenden von Dateien anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "keine leeren Verzeichnisse anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "nicht zusammengeführte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "'resolve-undo' Informationen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "Dateien auslassen, die einem Muster entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "Muster, gelesen von <Datei>, ausschließen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "zusätzliche pro-Verzeichnis Auschlussmuster aus <Datei> auslesen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "die standardmäßigen Git-Ausschlüsse hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "Ausgabe relativ zum Projektverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "als Fehler behandeln, wenn sich eine <Datei> nicht im Index befindet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "Commit-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"vorgeben, dass Pfade, die seit <Commit-Referenz> gelöscht wurden, immer noch "
+"vorhanden sind"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "Ausgaben zur Fehlersuche anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<Programm>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<Repository> [<Referenzen>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "URL des Remote-Repositories nicht ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "Programm"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "Pfad zu \"git-upload-pack\" auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "auf Tags einschränken"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "auf Branches einschränken"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "keine Tags anzeigen, die andere Tags enthalten"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "url.<Basis>.insteadOf berücksichtigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr ""
+"mit Rückkehrwert 2 beenden, wenn keine übereinstimmenden Referenzen\n"
+"gefunden wurden"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "zusätzlich die auf durch dieses Objekt verwiesene Referenzen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<Optionen>] <Commit-Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "nur Verzeichnisse anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "Rekursion in Unterverzeichnissen durchführen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "Verzeichnisse bei Rekursion anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "Einträge mit NUL-Byte abschließen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "Objektgröße einschließen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "nur Dateinamen auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "vollständige Pfadnamen verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"das gesamte Verzeichnis auflisten; nicht nur das aktuelle Verzeichnis "
+"(impliziert --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<Optionen>] [<Commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<Optionen>] <Beschreibung> HEAD <Commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "Schalter 'm' erfordert einen Wert."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Merge-Strategie '%s' nicht finden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Verfügbare Strategien sind:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Verfügbare benutzerdefinierte Strategien sind:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "keine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss des Merges anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "eine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss des Merges anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(Synonym für --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"(höchstens <n>) Einträge von \"shortlog\" zur Beschreibung des Merge-Commits "
+"hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "einen einzelnen Commit anstatt eines Merges erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "einen Commit durchführen, wenn der Merge erfolgreich war (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung der Beschreibung vor dem Commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "Vorspulen erlauben (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "abbrechen, wenn kein Vorspulen möglich ist"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "den genannten Commit auf eine gültige GPG-Signatur überprüfen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "Option=Wert"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "Option für ausgewählte Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"Commit-Beschreibung zusammenführen (für einen Merge, der kein Vorspulen war)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "den sich im Gange befindlichen Merge abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "erlaube das Zusammenführen von nicht zusammenhängenden Historien"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "Konnte \"stash\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "\"stash\" fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "kein gültiges Objekt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (nichts zu quetschen)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Quetsche Commit -- HEAD wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht nach '%s' schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Schreibe SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Schließe SQUASH_MSG ab"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Keine Merge-Commit-Beschreibung -- HEAD wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger branch.%s.mergeoptions String: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Es wird nur der Merge von zwei Branches behandelt."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Unbekannte Option für merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte nicht von '%s' lesen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Merge wurde nicht committet; benutzen Sie 'git commit', um den Merge "
+"abzuschließen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung ein, um zu erklären, warum dieser\n"
+"Merge erforderlich ist, insbesondere wenn es einen aktualisierten\n"
+"Upstream-Branch mit einem Thema-Branch zusammenführt.\n"
+"\n"
+"Zeilen beginnend mit '%c' werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung\n"
+"bricht den Commit ab.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Leere Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Wunderbar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Automatischer Merge fehlgeschlagen; beheben Sie die Konflikte und committen "
+"Sie dann das Ergebnis.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein Commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Sie befinden sich auf keinem Branch."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Repository für den aktuellen Branch."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Es ist kein Standard-Upstream-Branch für den aktuellen Branch definiert."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Tracking-Branch für %s von %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht schließen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Es gibt keinen Merge zum Abbrechen (MERGE_HEAD fehlt)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie den Merge ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie den Merge ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Sie können --squash nicht mit --no-ff kombinieren."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Kein Commit angegeben und merge.defaultToUpstream ist nicht gesetzt."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr ""
+"Bin auf einem Commit, der noch geboren wird; kann \"squash\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Nicht vorzuspulender Commit kann nicht in einem leeren Branch verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - nichts was wir zusammenführen können"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Kann nur exakt einen Commit in einem leeren Branch zusammenführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Commit %s hat eine nicht vertrauenswürdige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Commit %s hat eine ungültige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Commit %s hat keine GPG-Signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Commit %s hat eine gültige GPG-Signatur von %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "Verweigere den Merge von nicht zusammenhängenden Historien."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Aktualisiere %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Probiere wirklich trivialen \"in-index\"-Merge ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Nein.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Vorspulen nicht möglich, breche ab."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Rücklauf des Verzeichnisses bis zum Ursprung ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Probiere Merge-Strategie %s ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Keine Merge-Strategie behandelt diesen Merge.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Merge mit Strategie %s fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Benutzen Sie \"%s\", um die Auflösung per Hand vorzubereiten.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Automatischer Merge abgeschlossen; halte, wie gewünscht, vor dem Commit an\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <Commit> <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <Commit> <Commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <Referenz> [<Commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "Ausgabe aller gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commits"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "Vorgänger-Commits für einen einzelnen n-Wege-Merge finden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "Commits auflisten, die nicht durch Andere erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "ist der Erste ein Vorgänger-Commit von dem Anderen?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "<Commit> finden, von wo Reflog von <Referenz> abgespalten wurde"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<Optionen>] [-L <Name1> [-L <orig> [-L <Name2>]]] <Datei1> "
+"<orig-Datei> <Datei2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "Ergebnisse zur Standard-Ausgabe senden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "einen diff3 basierten Merge verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "bei Konflikten unsere Variante verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "bei Konflikten ihre Variante verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "bei Konflikten eine gemeinsame Variante verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "bei Konflikten diese Kennzeichnungslänge verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "keine Warnung bei Konflikten"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "Beschriftung für Datei1/orig-Datei/Datei2 setzen"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "Eingabe ist durch NUL-Zeichen abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "fehlende Objekte erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "die Erstellung von mehr als einem \"Tree\"-Objekt erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<Optionen>] <Quelle>... <Ziel>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis %s ist zum Commit vorgemerkt und kein Submodul?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte merken Sie Ihre Änderungen in .gitmodules zum Commit vor oder "
+"benutzen\n"
+"Sie \"stash\", um fortzufahren."
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s ist zum Commit vorgemerkt"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "Verschieben/Umbenennen erzwingen, auch wenn das Ziel existiert"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Verschieben oder Umbenennen überspringen"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "Ziel '%s' ist kein Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Prüfe Umbenennung von '%s' nach '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "ungültige Quelle"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "kann Verzeichnis nicht in sich selbst verschieben"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "kann Verzeichnis nicht über Datei verschieben"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "Quellverzeichnis ist leer"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "nicht unter Versionskontrolle"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "Ziel existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "überschreibe '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Kann nicht überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "mehrere Quellen für das selbe Ziel"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "Zielverzeichnis existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, Quelle=%s, Ziel=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Benenne %s nach %s um\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Umbenennung von '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<Optionen>] <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<Optionen>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<Optionen>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "nur Namen anzeigen (keine SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "nur Tags verwenden, um die Commits zu benennen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "nur Referenzen verwenden die <Muster> entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "alle Commits auflisten, die von allen Referenzen erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "Ausgabe von `undefinierten` Namen erlauben (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "Tags in der Eingabe dereferenzieren (interne Verwendung)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] [list [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m "
+"<Beschreibung> | -F <Datei> | (-c | -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] copy [-f] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <Beschreibung> "
+"| -F <Datei> | (-c | -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] edit [--allow-empty] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] show [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <Strategie>] <Notiz-"
+"Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] remove [<Objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<Optionen>] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<Optionen>] <Notiz-Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht starten"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "Konnte Ausgabe von 'show' nicht lesen."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht abschließen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie den Notiz-Inhalt unter Verwendung der Option -m oder -F."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "Konnte Notiz-Objekt nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Die Notiz-Inhalte wurden in %s belassen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht öffnen oder lesen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen des Objektes '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "Kann Notiz-Daten nicht von Nicht-Blob Objekt '%s' lesen."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Keine Notiz für Objekt %s gefunden."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "Notizinhalte als Zeichenkette"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "Notizinhalte in einer Datei"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "Wiederverwendung und Bearbeitung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "Wiederverwendung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "Speichern leerer Notiz erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "existierende Notizen ersetzen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Notizen nicht hinzufügen. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s "
+"gefunden. Verwenden Sie '-f', um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Überschreibe existierende Notizen für Objekt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Entferne Notiz für Objekt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "Objekte von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"Konfiguration für <Befehl> zum Umschreiben von Commits laden (impliziert --"
+"stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "zu wenig Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Notizen nicht kopieren. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s gefunden. "
+"Verwenden Sie '-f', um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Keine Notizen für Quell-Objekt %s. Kopie nicht möglich."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen -m/-F/-c/-C sind für den Unterbefehl 'edit' veraltet.\n"
+"Bitte benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Merge-Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"löst Konflikte bei Notizen mit der angegebenen Strategie auf (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "nicht zusammengeführte Notizen eintragen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Merge von Notizen abschließen, in dem nicht zusammengeführte Notizen "
+"committet werden"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Konfliktauflösung beim Merge von Notizen abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "Merge von Notizen abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "Ein Merge von Notizen nach %s ist bereits im Gange bei %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "Objekt %s hat keine Notiz\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "der Versuch, eine nicht existierende Notiz zu löschen, ist kein Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "Objektnamen von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "Notiz-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "Notizen von <Notiz-Referenz> verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Unterbefehl: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<Optionen>...] [< <Referenzliste> | < "
+"<Objektliste>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [<Optionen>...] <Basis-Name> [< <Referenzliste> | < "
+"<Objektliste>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Komprimieren (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr ""
+"Deaktiviere Schreiben der Bitmap, Pakete wurden durch pack.packSizeLimit\n"
+"aufgetrennt."
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Schreibe Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"Deaktiviere Schreiben der Bitmap, da einige Objekte nicht in eine Pack-Datei\n"
+"geschrieben wurden."
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Komprimiere Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Index-Version %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültige Index-Version '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "keine Fortschrittsanzeige anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr ""
+"Forschrittsanzeige während der Phase des Schreibens der Objekte anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "ähnlich zu --all-progress wenn Fortschrittsanzeige darstellt wird"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"die Index-Datei des Paketes in der angegebenen Indexformat-Version schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "maximale Größe für jede ausgegebene Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "geliehene Objekte von alternativem Objektspeicher ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "gepackte Objekte ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "Paketfenster durch Objekte begrenzen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"Paketfenster, zusätzlich zur Objektbegrenzung, durch Speicher begrenzen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"maximale Länge der erlaubten Differenzverkettung im resultierenden Paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "existierende Unterschiede wiederverwenden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "existierende Objekte wiederverwenden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "OFS_DELTA Objekte verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"Threads bei der Suche nach den besten Ãœbereinstimmungen bei Unterschieden "
+"verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "keine leeren Pakete erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "Argumente bezüglich Commits von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "die Objekte zu solchen, die noch nicht gepackt wurden, begrenzen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "Objekte einschließen, die von jeder Referenz erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+"Objekte einschließen, die von Einträgen des Reflogs referenziert werden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "Objekte einschließen, die vom Index referenziert werden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "Paket in die Standard-Ausgabe schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "Tag-Objekte einschließen, die auf gepackte Objekte referenzieren"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "nicht erreichbare Objekte behalten"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "Zeit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "nicht erreichbare Objekte entpacken, die neuer als <Zeit> sind"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "dünnere Pakete erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr ""
+"Pakete geeignet für Abholung mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow) erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "Pakete ignorieren, die .keep Dateien haben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "Komprimierungsgrad für Paketierung"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "keine künstlichen Vorgänger-Commits (\"grafts\") verbergen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitmap-Index (falls verfügbar) zur Optimierung der Objektzählung benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "Bitmap-Index zusammen mit Pack-Index schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Zähle Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "alles packen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "lose Referenzen entfernen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Lösche doppelte Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <Zeit>] [--] [<head>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "nicht löschen, nur anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "gelöschte Objekte melden"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "Objekte älter als <Zeit> verfallen lassen"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "kann \"prune\" in precious-objects Repository nicht ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "Optionen bezogen auf Merge"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "Integration von Änderungen durch Rebase statt Merge"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "Vorspulen erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "den genannten Commit auf eine gültige GPG-Signatur überprüfen"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "automatischer Stash/Stash-Pop vor und nach eines Rebase"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "Optionen bezogen auf Fetch"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "Anzahl der parallel mit 'pull' zu verarbeitenden Submodule"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Wert für pull.ff: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann \"pull\" mit \"rebase\" nicht ausführen: Sie haben Änderungen, die "
+"nicht zum Commit vorgemerkt sind."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "Zusätzlich beinhaltet die Staging-Area nicht committete Änderungen."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann \"pull\" mit \"rebase\" nicht ausführen: Die Staging-Area beinhaltet "
+"nicht committete Änderungen."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Es gibt keinen Kandidaten für Rebase innerhalb der Referenzen, die eben "
+"angefordert wurden."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Es gibt keine Kandidaten für Merge innerhalb der Referenzen, die eben "
+"angefordert wurden."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+"Im Allgemeinen bedeutet das, dass Sie einen Refspec mit Wildcards angegeben\n"
+"haben, der auf der Gegenseite mit keinen Referenzen übereinstimmt."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie führten \"pull\" von Remote-Repository '%s' aus, ohne einen\n"
+"Branch anzugeben. Da das nicht das konfigurierte Standard-Remote-\n"
+"Repository für den aktuellen Branch ist, müssen Sie einen Branch auf\n"
+"der Befehlszeile angeben."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "Im Moment auf keinem Branch."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte geben Sie den Branch an, gegen welchen Sie \"rebase\" ausführen "
+"möchten."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "Bitte geben Sie den Branch an, welchen Sie zusammenführen möchten."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "Siehe git-pull(1) für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "<Remote-Repository>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "<Branch>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "Es gibt keine Tracking-Informationen für den aktuellen Branch."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie Tracking-Informationen für diesen Branch setzen möchten, können Sie\n"
+"dies tun mit:"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Ihre Konfiguration gibt an, den Merge mit Referenz '%s'\n"
+"des Remote-Repositories durchzuführen, aber diese Referenz\n"
+"wurde nicht angefordert."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "--[no-]autostash ist nur mit --rebase zulässig."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisiere einen ungeborenen Branch mit Änderungen, die zum Commit "
+"vorgemerkt sind."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"\"fetch\" aktualisierte die Spitze des aktuellen Branches.\n"
+"Spule Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis von Commit %s vor."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht vorspulen.\n"
+"Nachdem Sie sichergestellt haben, alles Schützenswerte der Ausgabe von\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"gespeichert zu haben. Führen Sie\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"zur Wiederherstellung aus."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "Kann nicht mehrere Branches in einen leeren Branch zusammenführen."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "Kann Rebase nicht auf mehrere Branches ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "Kurzschrift für Tag ohne <Tag>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete akzeptiert nur reine Referenznamen als Ziel."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Um eine Variante permanent zu verwenden, siehe push.default in 'git help "
+"config'."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Der Name des Upstream-Branches stimmt nicht mit dem Namen Ihres\n"
+"aktuellen Branches überein. Um auf den Upstream-Branch in dem Remote-\n"
+"Repository zu versenden, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Um auf den Branch mit dem selben Namen im Remote-Repository zu versenden,\n"
+"benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie befinden sich im Moment auf keinem Branch.\n"
+"Um die Historie, führend zum aktuellen (losgelöster HEAD)\n"
+"Status zu versenden, benutzen Sie\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<Name-des-Remote-Branches>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Der aktuelle Branch %s hat keinen Upstream-Branch.\n"
+"Um den aktuellen Branch zu versenden und den Remote-Branch\n"
+"als Upstream-Branch zu setzen, benutzen Sie\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+"Der aktuelle Branch %s hat mehrere Upstream-Branches, \"push\" verweigert."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie versenden nach '%s', welches kein Upstream-Repository Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Branches '%s' ist, ohne anzugeben, was versendet werden soll, um welchen\n"
+"Remote-Branch zu aktualisieren."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben keine Refspec für \"push\" angegeben, und push.default ist "
+"\"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Führen Sie\n"
+"die externen Änderungen zusammen (z. B. 'git pull ...') bevor Sie \"push\"\n"
+"erneut ausführen.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines versendeten\n"
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Checken Sie\n"
+"diesen Branch aus und führen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammen\n"
+"(z. B. 'git pull ...') bevor Sie erneut \"push\" ausführen.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Remote-Repository Commits "
+"enthält,\n"
+"die lokal nicht vorhanden sind. Das wird üblicherweise durch einen \"push\" "
+"von\n"
+"Commits auf dieselbe Referenz von einem anderen Repository aus verursacht.\n"
+"Vielleicht müssen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammenführen (z. B. 'git "
+"pull ...')\n"
+"bevor Sie erneut \"push\" ausführen.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Tag bereits\n"
+"im Remote-Repository existiert."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie können keine Remote-Referenz aktualisieren, die auf ein Objekt zeigt,\n"
+"das kein Commit ist, oder es auf ein solches Objekt zeigen lassen, ohne\n"
+"die Option '--force' zu verwenden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Versende nach %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Versenden einiger Referenzen nach '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültiges Repository '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Kein Ziel für \"push\" konfiguriert.\n"
+"Entweder spezifizieren Sie die URL von der Befehlszeile oder konfigurieren "
+"ein Remote-Repository unter Benutzung von\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <Name> <URL>\n"
+"\n"
+"und führen \"push\" dann unter Benutzung dieses Namens aus\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <Name>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --tags sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "Die Option --all kann nicht mit Refspecs kombiniert werden."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --mirror und --tags sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit Refspecs kombiniert werden."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --mirror sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "Repository"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "alle Referenzen versenden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "alle Referenzen spiegeln"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "Referenzen löschen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "Tags versenden (kann nicht mit --all oder --mirror verwendet werden)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "Referenzname>:<Erwartungswert"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "Referenz muss sich auf dem angegebenen Wert befinden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "rekursiven \"push\" von Submodulen steuern"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "kleinere Pakete verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "'receive pack' Programm"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "Upstream für \"git pull/status\" setzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "lokal gelöschte Referenzen entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "\"pre-push hook\" umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "fehlende, aber relevante Tags versenden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "signiert \"push\" mit GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "Referenzen atomar versenden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete ist inkompatibel mit --all, --mirror und --tags."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete kann nur mit Referenzen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<Präfix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<Datei>] (--empty | <Commit-Referenz1> [<Commit-Referenz2> "
+"[<Commit-Referenz3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "resultierenden Index nach <Datei> schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "nur den Index leeren"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Merge"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "einen Merge, zusätzlich zum Lesen, ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "3-Wege-Merge, wenn kein Merge auf Dateiebene erforderlich ist"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "3-Wege-Merge bei Vorhandensein von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "genau wie -m, aber nicht zusammengeführte Einträge verwerfen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<Unterverzeichnis>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "das Verzeichnis in den Index unter <Unterverzeichnis>/ lesen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis mit dem Ergebnis des Merges aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "explizit ignorierte Dateien zu überschreiben erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "das Arbeitsverzeichnis nach dem Merge nicht prüfen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "weder den Index, noch das Arbeitsverzeichnis aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "Anwendung des Filters für partielles Auschecken überspringen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "Entpacken der Bäume protokollieren"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack <Git-Verzeichnis>"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "Sie müssen ein Repository angeben."
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Zeitstempel für '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Zeitstempel"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <Branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <alt> <neu>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <Branch>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<Gruppe> | <Remote>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <Name> <neueURL> [<alteURL>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <Name> <neueURL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<Optionen>] <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<Optionen>] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<Optionen>] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<Optionen>] [<Gruppe> | <externesRepository>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Aktualisiere %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror ist gefährlich und veraltet; bitte\n"
+"\t benutzen Sie stattdessen --mirror=fetch oder --mirror=push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "unbekanntes Argument für Option --mirror: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "die Remote-Branches anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "alle Tags und verbundene Objekte beim Anfordern importieren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "oder fordere gar keine Zweige an (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "Branch(es) zur Ãœbernahme"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "Hauptbranch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"Aufsetzen des Remote-Repositories als Spiegel-Repository für \"push\" und "
+"\"fetch\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit der Angabe eines Hauptbranches verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Angabe von zu folgenden Branches kann nur mit dem Anfordern von "
+"Spiegelarchiven verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "externes Repository %s existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Name für ein Remote-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte symbolische Referenz für Hauptbranch von '%s' nicht einrichten"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Fetch-Map für Refspec %s nicht bekommen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(übereinstimmend)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(lösche)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Kein solches Remote-Repository: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Sektion '%s' in Konfiguration nicht nach '%s' umbenennen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine Aktualisierung der nicht standardmäßigen Refspec für \"fetch\"\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tBitte aktualisieren Sie, falls notwendig, die Konfiguration manuell."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht löschen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Hinweis: Ein Branch außerhalb der refs/remotes/ Hierachie wurde nicht "
+"gelöscht;\n"
+"um diesen zu löschen, benutzen Sie:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Hinweis: Einige Branches außer der refs/remotes/ Hierarchie wurden nicht "
+"entfernt;\n"
+"um diese zu entfernen, benutzen Sie:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Sektion '%s' nicht aus Konfiguration entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " neu (wird bei nächstem \"fetch\" in remotes/%s gespeichert)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " gefolgt"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " veraltet (benutzen Sie 'git remote prune' zum Löschen)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "ungültiges branch.%s.merge; kann Rebase nicht auf > 1 Branch ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "interaktiver Rebase auf Remote-Branch %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " führt mit Remote-Branch %s zusammen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    und mit Remote-Branch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "führt mit Remote-Branch %s zusammen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   und mit Remote-Branch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "erstellt"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "gelöscht"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "aktuell"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "vorspulbar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "lokal nicht aktuell"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s erzwingt Versandt nach %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s versendet nach %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s erzwingt Versand nach %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s versendet nach %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "keine Abfrage von Remote-Repositories"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* Remote-Repository %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL zum Abholen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(keine URL)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL zum Versenden: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Hauptbranch: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Hauptbranch (externer HEAD ist mehrdeutig, könnte einer der folgenden "
+"sein):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Remote-Branch:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Remote-Branches:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (Zustand nicht abgefragt)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokaler Branch konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokale Branches konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Lokale Referenzen werden von 'git push' gespiegelt"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokale Referenz konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokale Referenzen konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "setzt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD gemäß dem Remote-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "entfernt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Kann HEAD des Remote-Repositories nicht bestimmen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Mehrere Hauptbranches im Remote-Repository. Bitte wählen Sie explizit einen "
+"aus mit:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "keine gültige Referenz: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht einrichten"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s wird unreferenziert!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s wurde unreferenziert!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "entferne veraltete Branches von %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [würde veralteten Branch entfernen] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr "* [veralteten Branch entfernt] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "entferne veraltete Branches im Remote-Repository nach \"fetch\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solches Remote-Repository '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "Branch hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "kein Remote-Repository angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "nur URLs für Push ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "alle URLs ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Keine URLs für Remote-Repository '%s' konfiguriert."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "URLs für \"push\" manipulieren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "URL hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "URLs löschen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --add und --delete können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "ungültiges altes URL Format: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Keine solche URL gefunden: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Werde keine URLs entfernen, die nicht für \"push\" bestimmt sind"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben; muss vor einem Unterbefehl angegeben werden"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "alles in eine einzige Pack-Datei packen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "genau wie -a, unerreichbare Objekte werden aber nicht gelöscht"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "redundante Pakete entfernen und \"git-prune-packed\" ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "--no-reuse-delta an git-pack-objects übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "--no-reuse-object an git-pack-objects übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "git-update-server-info nicht ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "--local an git-pack-objects übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "Bitmap-Index schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "Datumsangabe"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "mit -A, keine Objekte älter als dieses Datum löschen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "Größe des Fensters für die Delta-Kompression"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "Bytes"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"gleiches wie oben, aber die Speichergröße anstatt der\n"
+"Anzahl der Einträge limitieren"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "die maximale Delta-Tiefe limitieren"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "maximale Größe für jede Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr ""
+"Objekte umpacken, die sich in mit .keep markierten Pack-Dateien befinden"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "kann Pack-Dateien in precious-objects Repository nicht löschen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Löschen von '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <Objekt> <Ersetzung>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <Commit> [<Eltern-Commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <Objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<Format>] [-l [<Muster>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültiger Merge-Tag in Commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Merge-Tag in Commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"Der ursprüngliche Commit '%s' enthält Merge-Tag '%s', der verworfen\n"
+"wird; benutzen Sie --edit anstatt --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "Der ursprüngliche Commit '%s' hat eine GPG-Signatur."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "Die Signatur wird in dem Ersetzungs-Commit entfernt!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Ersetzungs-Commit für '%s' nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "ersetzende Referenzen auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "ersetzende Referenzen löschen"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "existierendes Objekt bearbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "Eltern-Commits eines Commits ändern"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "die Referenz ersetzen, wenn sie existiert"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "keine ansprechende Anzeige des Objektinhaltes für --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "das angegebene Format benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clean | forget <Pfad>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "saubere Auflösungen im Index registrieren"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<Commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <Commit-Referenz> [--] <Pfade>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<Commit-Referenz>] [--] [<Pfade>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "soft"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "hard"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "zusammenführen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "keep"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Sie haben keinen gültigen HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des \"Tree\"-Objektes von HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des \"Tree\"-Objektes von %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD ist jetzt bei %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Kann keinen '%s'-Reset durchführen, während ein Merge im Gange ist."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben, meldet nur Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "HEAD und Index umsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "nur HEAD umsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "HEAD, Index und Arbeitsverzeichnis umsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "HEAD umsetzen, aber lokale Änderungen behalten"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "nur speichern, dass gelöschte Pfade später hinzugefügt werden sollen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültigen Commit auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültiges \"Tree\"-Objekt auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch ist inkompatibel mit --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed mit Pfaden ist veraltet; benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git reset -- "
+"<Pfade>'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Ein '%s'-Reset mit Pfaden ist nicht möglich."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "'%s'-Reset ist in einem Bare-Repository nicht erlaubt"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N kann nur mit -mixed benutzt werden"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Nicht zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen nach Zurücksetzung:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Konnte Index-Datei nicht zu Commit '%s' setzen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Konnte neue Index-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "rev-list unterstützt keine Anzeige von Notizen"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<Optionen>] -- [<Argumente>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "`--` als Argument lassen"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "das Parsen nach dem ersten Argument, was keine Option ist, stoppen"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr ""
+"Ausgabe in Langform mit Argumenten an den Optionen (getrennt durch '=')"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<Optionen>] -- [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"   oder: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"   oder: git rev-parse [<Optionen>] [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Führen Sie \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" für weitere Informationen bei "
+"erster Verwendung aus."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<Optionen>] <Commit-Angabe>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <Unterbefehl>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<Optionen>] <Commit-Angabe>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <Unterbefehl>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht mit %s verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "\"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf beenden"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "\"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf fortsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "\"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "nicht automatisch committen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung bearbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "Nummer des Elternteils"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "Option"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "Option für Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "Commit-Namen anhängen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "ursprüngliche, leere Commits erhalten"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "Commits mit leerer Beschreibung erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "redundante, leere Commits behalten"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "Programmfehler"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "\"revert\" fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<Optionen>] [--] <Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"das folgende Submodul (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon)\n"
+"benutzt ein .git-Verzeichnis:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"die folgenden Submodule (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon)\n"
+"benutzen ein .git-Verzeichnis:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Submodul wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"die folgende Datei hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen unterschiedlich\n"
+"zu der Datei und HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"die folgenden Dateien haben zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen "
+"unterschiedlich\n"
+"zu der Datei und HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie -f, um die Löschung zu erzwingen)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "die folgende Datei hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+msgstr[1] "die folgenden Dateien haben zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie --cached, um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f, um die Entfernung "
+"zu erzwingen)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "die folgende Datei hat lokale Änderungen:"
+msgstr[1] "die folgenden Dateien haben lokale Änderungen:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "keine gelöschten Dateien auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "nur aus dem Index entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "die \"up-to-date\" Prüfung überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "rekursive Entfernung erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "mit Rückgabewert 0 beenden, wenn keine Übereinstimmung gefunden wurde"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "'%s' wird nicht ohne -r rekursiv entfernt"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: konnte %s nicht löschen"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<Host>:]<Verzeichnis> "
+"[<Referenz>...]\n"
+"  --all und die explizite Angabe einer <Referenz> schließen sich gegenseitig "
+"aus."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "Name des Remote-Repositories"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "zustandsloses RPC-Protokoll verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "Referenzen von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "Status des Remote-Helpers ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<Optionen>] [<Commitbereich>] [[--] [<Pfad>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "die Ausgabe entsprechend der Anzahl von Commits pro Autor sortieren"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibungen unterdrücken, nur Anzahl der Commits liefern"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "die E-Mail-Adresse von jedem Autor anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe mit Zeilenumbrüchen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<Wann>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<Commit> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<Basis>]] [--list] [<Referenz>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "Remote-Tracking und lokale Branches anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Remote-Tracking-Branches anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "'*!+-' entsprechend des Branches einfärben"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "<n> weitere Commits nach dem gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commit anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "Synonym für more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "Namen unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "den aktuellen Branch einbeziehen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "Commits nach ihren Objektnamen benennen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "mögliche Merge-Basen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr ""
+"Referenzen, die unerreichbar von allen anderen Referenzen sind, anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "Commits in topologischer Ordnung anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "nur Commits anzeigen, die sich nicht im ersten Branch befinden"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "Merges anzeigen, die nur von einem Branch aus erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "topologische Sortierung, Beibehaltung Datumsordnung wo möglich"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<Basis>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "die <n> jüngsten Einträge im Reflog, beginnend an der Basis, anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<Muster>...] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<Muster>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "nur Tags anzeigen (kann mit \"heads\" kombiniert werden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "nur Branches anzeigen (kann mit \"tags\" kombiniert werden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "strengere Referenzprüfung, erfordert exakten Referenzpfad"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr ""
+"die HEAD-Referenz anzeigen, selbst wenn diese ausgefiltert werden würde"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "Tags in Objekt-Identifikationen dereferenzieren"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "nur SHA1 Hash mit <n> Ziffern anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Ausgabe der Ergebnisse in die Standard-Ausgabe (nützlich mit --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Referenzen von der Standard-Eingabe anzeigen, die sich nicht im lokalen "
+"Repository befinden"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr ""
+"alle Zeilen, die mit dem Kommentarzeichen beginnen, überspringen und "
+"entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "Kommentarzeichen mit Leerzeichen an jede Zeile voranstellen"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "Referenz nicht gefunden: %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "Vollständiger Referenzname erwartet, %s erhalten"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann eine Komponente von URL '%s' nicht extrahieren"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "Alternativer Anker für relative Pfade"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<Pfad>] [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Keine URL für Submodul-Pfad '%s' in .gitmodules gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Eintragen der URL für Submodul-Pfad '%s' in die Konfiguration."
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Submodul '%s' (%s) für Pfad '%s' in die Konfiguration eingetragen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Warnung: 'update'-Modus für Submodul '%s' vorgeschlagen\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler bei Änderung des Aktualisierungsmodus für Submodul-Pfad '%s' in der\n"
+"Konfiguration."
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "Ausgaben bei Initialisierung eines Submoduls unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper init [<Pfad>]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name <Pfad>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr "Keine Submodul-Zuordnung in .gitmodules für Pfad '%s' gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "Pfad für neues Submodul"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "Name des neuen Submoduls"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "URL von der das Submodul geklont wird"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "Tiefe des Klons mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow)"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<Pfad>] [--quiet] [--reference <Repository>] [--name <Name>] [--url <URL>] [--name <Name>] [--depth <Tiefe>] --url <URL> --path <Pfad>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Klonen von '%s' in Submodul-Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Datei '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Datei '%s' nicht schließen."
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Submodul-Verzeichnis '%s' nicht finden."
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '%s' nicht initialisiert"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "Meinten Sie vielleicht 'update --init'?"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "Überspringe nicht zusammengeführtes Submodul %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "Ãœberspringe Submodul '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "Pfad zum Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr "Pfad zum Arbeitsverzeichnis, über verschachtelte Submodul-Grenzen hinweg"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr "rebase, merge, checkout oder none"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr ""
+"Erstellung eines Klons mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow), abgeschnitten bei\n"
+"der angegebenen Anzahl von Commits."
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "Parallele Ausführungen"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "keine Fortschrittsanzeige beim Klonen"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<Pfad>] [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "Fehlerhafter Wert für --update Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "submodule--helper muss mit einem Unterbefehl aufgerufen werden"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Unterbefehl von submodule--helper"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<Optionen>] <Name> [<Referenz>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehlermeldungen für nicht-symbolische (losgelöste) Referenzen unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "symbolische Referenzen löschen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "verkürzte Ausgabe der Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "Grund"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "Grund für die Aktualisierung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <Schlüssel-id>] [-f] [-m <Beschreibung> | -F <Datei>] "
+"<Tagname> [<Commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <Tagname>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<Nummer>]] [--contains <Commit>] [--points-at <Objekt>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<Muster>] [--[no-]merged [<Commit>]] [<Muster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <Tagname>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "Tagname zu lang: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Tag '%s' nicht gefunden."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' gelöscht (war %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Beschreibung für Tag\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"ein. Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Beschreibung für Tag\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"ein. Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden behalten; Sie dürfen diese\n"
+"selbst entfernen wenn Sie möchten.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "konnte Tag nicht signieren"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "konnte Tag-Datei nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "ungültiger Objekt-Typ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "Tag-Kopf zu groß."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "keine Tag-Beschreibung?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Die Tag-Beschreibung wurde gelassen in %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "Tagnamen auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "<n> Zeilen jeder Tag-Beschreibung anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "Tags löschen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "Tags überprüfen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Erstellung von Tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag, benötigt eine Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "Tag-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "annotiertes und GPG-signiertes Tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "einen anderen Schlüssel verwenden, um das Tag zu signieren"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "das Tag ersetzen, wenn es existiert"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "Reflog erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Auflistung der Tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "Liste der Tags in Spalten anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "nur Tags ausgeben, die diesen Commit beinhalten"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "nur Tags ausgeben, die gemerged wurden"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "nur Tags ausgeben, die nicht gemerged wurden"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "nur Tags von dem Objekt ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column und -n sind inkompatibel"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "-n Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--contains Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--points-at Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --merged und --no-merged sind nur mit -l erlaubt."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "nur eine -F oder -m Option ist erlaubt."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Tagname."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' aktualisiert (war %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Entpacke Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen von Verzeichnis '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Datei '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Datei '%s' nicht löschen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht löschen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "Prüfe mtime in '%s' "
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr ""
+"Verzeichnisinformationen haben sich nach Hinzufügen einer neuen Datei nicht "
+"geändert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Verzeichnisinformationen haben sich nach Hinzufügen eines neuen "
+"Verzeichnisses nicht geändert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr ""
+"Verzeichnisinformationen haben sich nach Aktualisierung einer Datei geändert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr ""
+"Verzeichnisinformationen haben sich nach Hinzufügen einer Datei in ein "
+"Unterverzeichnis geändert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr ""
+"Verzeichnisinformationen haben sich nach dem Löschen einer Datei nicht "
+"geändert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Verzeichnisinformationen haben sich nach dem Löschen eines Verzeichnisses "
+"nicht geändert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " OK"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<Optionen>] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierung fortsetzen, auch wenn der Index aktualisiert werden muss"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung: ignoriert Submodule"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "keine neuen Dateien ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "Dateien Verzeichnisse ersetzen lassen, und umgedreht"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis beachten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+"aktualisieren, auch wenn der Index nicht zusammengeführte Einträge beinhaltet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "Dateiinformationen aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "wie --refresh, ignoriert aber \"assume-unchanged\" Einstellung"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<Modus>,<Objekt>,<Pfad>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "den angegebenen Eintrag zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "das \"ausführbar\"-Bit der aufgelisteten Dateien überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "diese Datei immer als unverändert betrachten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "\"assumed-unchanged\"-Bit löschen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "Dateien als \"index-only\" markieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "\"skip-worktree\"-Bit löschen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"die Änderungen nur zum Commit vormerken; Inhalt wird nicht der Objekt-"
+"Datenbank hinzugefügt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"benannte Pfade löschen, auch wenn sie sich im Arbeitsverzeichnis befinden"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "mit --stdin: eingegebene Zeilen sind durch NUL-Bytes abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "Liste der zu aktualisierenden Pfade von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "Einträge von der Standard-Eingabe zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+"wiederholtes Einpflegen der Zustände #2 und #3 für die aufgelisteten Pfade"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "nur Einträge aktualisieren, die unterschiedlich zu HEAD sind"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "die Aktionen in der Standard-Ausgabe ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(für Fremdprogramme) keine gespeicherten, nicht aufgelöste Konflikte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "Index-Datei in diesem Format schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "Splitting des Index aktivieren oder deaktivieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "Cache für unversionierte Dateien aktivieren oder deaktivieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr ""
+"prüfen ob das Dateisystem einen Cache für unversionierte Dateien unterstützt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr ""
+"Cache für unversionierte Dateien ohne Prüfung des Dateisystems aktivieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "Cache für unversionierte Dateien deaktiviert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "Cache für unversionierte Dateien für '%s' aktiviert"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<Optionen>] -d <Referenzname> [<alter-Wert>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git update-ref [<Optionen>]    <Referenzname> <neuer-Wert> [<alter-Wert>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<Optionen>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "diese Referenz löschen"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "<Referenzname> aktualisieren, nicht den Verweis"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "Standard-Eingabe hat durch NUL-Zeichen abgeschlossene Argumente"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "Aktualisierungen von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "die Informationsdateien von Grund auf aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "Commit-Inhalte ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "unbearbeitete Ausgabe des Status von gpg ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <Paket>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "nur Statistiken anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <Tag>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "Tag-Inhalte ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<Optionen>] <Pfad> [<Branch>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "Lösche worktrees/%s: kein gültiges Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "Lösche worktrees/%s: gitdir-Datei existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr "Lösche worktrees/%s: konnte gitdir-Datei (%s) nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "Lösche worktrees/%s: ungültige gitdir-Datei"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr "Lösche worktrees/%s: gitdir-Datei verweist auf nicht existierenden Ort"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Löschen von '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "'%s' existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "Bereite %s vor (Identifikation %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"<Branch> auschecken, auch wenn dieser bereits in einem anderen "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis ausgecheckt ist"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "neuen Branch erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "Branch erstellen oder umsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "HEAD bei benanntem Commit loslösen"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "das neue Arbeitsverzeichnis auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B und --detach schließen sich gegenseitig aus"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<Präfix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<Präfix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "das \"Tree\"-Objekt für ein Unterverzeichnis <Präfix> schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "nur nützlich für Fehlersuche"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "Meldungen zur Fehlersuche in Standard-Fehlerausgabe ausgeben"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' und 'git help -g' listet verfügbare Unterbefehle und\n"
+"einige Anleitungen zu Git-Konzepten auf. Benutzen Sie 'git help <Befehl>'\n"
+"oder 'git help <Konzept>', um mehr über einen spezifischen Befehl oder\n"
+"Konzept zu erfahren."
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr ""
+"Das Anheften des öffentlichen Schlüssels wird mit cURL < 7.44.0\n"
+"nicht unterstützt."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis anlegen (siehe auch: git help tutorial)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "an aktuellen Änderungen arbeiten (siehe auch: git help everyday)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "Historie und Status untersuchen (siehe auch: git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "Historie erweitern und bearbeiten"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "mit anderen zusammenarbeiten (siehe auch: git help workflows)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Dateiinhalte zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr ""
+"Binärsuche verwenden, um den Commit zu finden, der einen Fehler verursacht "
+"hat"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Branches anzeigen, erstellen oder entfernen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "Branches wechseln oder Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis wiederherstellen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "ein Repository in einem neuen Verzeichnis klonen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Änderungen in das Repository eintragen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Änderungen zwischen Commits, Commit und Arbeitsverzeichnis, etc. anzeigen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Objekte und Referenzen von einem anderen Repository herunterladen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Zeilen darstellen, die einem Muster entsprechen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr ""
+"ein leeres Git-Repository erstellen oder ein bestehendes neuinitialisieren"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Commit-Historie anzeigen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "zwei oder mehr Entwicklungszweige zusammenführen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr ""
+"eine Datei, ein Verzeichnis, oder eine symbolische Verknüpfung verschieben "
+"oder umbenennen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr ""
+"Objekte von einem externen Repository anfordern und sie mit einem anderen "
+"Repository oder einem lokalen Branch zusammenführen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Remote-Referenzen mitsamt den verbundenen Objekten aktualisieren"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "Wiederholtes Anwenden von Commits auf anderem Basis-Commit"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "aktuellen HEAD zu einem spezifizierten Zustand setzen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis und vom Index löschen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "verschiedene Arten von Objekten anzeigen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "den Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses anzeigen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+"ein mit GPG signiertes Tag-Objekt erzeugen, auflisten, löschen oder "
+"verifizieren."
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "Verfallsdatum"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "Kein Effekt (Rückwärtskompatibilität)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "benutze <n> Ziffern zur Anzeige von SHA-1s"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"Index, wenn möglich, mit wiederverwendeter Konfliktauflösung aktualisieren"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Wollen Sie, dass ich es für Sie mache [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Option: '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' scheint kein gültiger Commit zu sein"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Ungültiger HEAD - HEAD wird benötigt"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Auschecken von '$start_head' fehlgeschlagen. Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset "
+"<gültiger-Branch>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr ""
+"binäre Suche auf einem durch 'cg-seek' geändertem Verzeichnis nicht möglich"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Ungültiger HEAD - merkwürdige symbolische Referenz"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Ungültiges \"bisect_write\" Argument: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Ungültige Referenz-Eingabe: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Bitte rufen Sie 'bisect_state' mit mindestens einem Argument auf."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Ungültige Referenz-Eingabe: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' kann nur ein Argument entgegennehmen."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "Warnung: binäre Suche nur mit einem $TERM_BAD Commit."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Sind Sie sicher [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen mindestens einen \"$bad_syn\" und einen \"$good_syn\" Commit "
+"angeben.\n"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect $bad_syn\" und \"git bisect $good_syn\" "
+"benutzen.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen.\n"
+"Danach müssen Sie mindestens einen \"$good_syn\" und einen \"$bad_syn\" "
+"Commit angeben.\n"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect $bad_syn\" und \"git bisect $good_syn\" "
+"benutzen.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "keine binäre Suche im Gange"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' ist kein gültiger Commit"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte den ursprünglichen HEAD '$branch' nicht auschecken.\n"
+"Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset <Commit>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Keine Log-Datei gegeben"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "kann $file nicht für das Abspielen lesen"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? Was reden Sie da?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "führe $command aus"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"Rückkehrwert $res von '$command' ist < 0 oder >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "'bisect run' kann nicht mehr fortgesetzt werden"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' wurde mit Fehlerwert $res beendet"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "'bisect run' erfolgreich ausgeführt"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "Bitte verwenden Sie zwei verschiedene Begriffe."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "'$term' ist kein gültiger Begriff"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "Kann eingebauten Befehl '$term' nicht als Begriff verwenden"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "Kann Bedeutung von '$term' nicht ändern."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr ""
+"Ungültiger Befehl: Sie sind gerade bei einer binären $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD "
+"Suche."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "Keine Begriffe definiert."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"Ungültiges Argument $arg für 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Unterstützte Optionen sind: --term-good|--term-old und --term-bad|--term-new."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie das Problem aufgelöst haben, führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen \"git "
+"rebase --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und den Rebase abzubrechen,\n"
+"führen Sie \"git rebase --abort\" aus."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "\"autostash\" angewendet."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Kann $stash_sha1 nicht speichern."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Anwendung von \"autostash\" resultierte in Konflikten.\n"
+"Ihre Änderungen sind im Stash sicher.\n"
+"Sie können jederzeit \"git stash pop\" oder \"git stash drop\" ausführen.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Der \"pre-rebase hook\" hat den Rebase zurückgewiesen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "\"git-am\" scheint im Gange zu sein. Kann Rebase nicht durchführen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Kein Rebase im Gange?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Die --edit-todo Aktion kann nur während eines interaktiven Rebase verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Kann HEAD nicht lesen"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen alle Merge-Konflikte editieren und diese dann\n"
+"mittels \"git add\" als aufgelöst markieren"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht zu $head_name zurückgehen"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Es sieht so aus, als ob es das Verzeichnis $state_dir_base bereits gibt\n"
+"und es könnte ein anderer Rebase im Gange sein. Wenn das der Fall ist,\n"
+"probieren Sie bitte\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Wenn das nicht der Fall ist, probieren Sie bitte\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"und führen Sie diesen Befehl nochmal aus. Es wird angehalten, falls noch\n"
+"etwas Schützenswertes vorhanden ist."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "ungültiger Upstream-Branch $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt mehr als eine Merge-Basis"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt keine Merge-Basis"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "$onto_name zeigt auf keinen gültigen Commit"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal: Branch $branch_name nicht gefunden"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Kann \"autostash\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "\"autostash\" erzeugt: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Bitte committen Sie die Änderungen oder benutzen Sie \"stash\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Aktueller Branch $branch_name ist auf dem neuesten Stand."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktueller Branch $branch_name ist auf dem neuesten Stand, Rebase erzwungen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Änderungen von $mb zu $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Zunächst wird der Branch zurückgespult, um Ihre Änderungen\n"
+"darauf neu anzuwenden ..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name zu $onto_name vorgespult."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear mit Parametern ist nicht implementiert"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Sie haben bisher noch keinen initialen Commit"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand des Index nicht speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses nicht speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Keine Änderungen ausgewählt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Kann temporären Index nicht löschen (kann nicht passieren)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Kann Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses nicht aufzeichnen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Kann $ref_stash nicht mit $w_commit aktualisieren."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler: unbekannte Option für 'stash save': $option\n"
+"        Um eine Beschreibung anzugeben, benutzen Sie \"git stash save -- "
+"'$option'\""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Keine lokalen Änderungen zum Speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Kann \"stash\" nicht initialisieren"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Status nicht speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Kann Änderungen im Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht löschen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "unbekannte Option: $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Kein Stash-Eintrag gefunden."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Zu viele Commits angegeben: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference ist keine gültige Referenz"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' ist kein \"stash\"-artiger Commit"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' ist keine \"stash\"-Referenz"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "Konnte den Index nicht aktualisieren."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Kann \"stash\" nicht anwenden, solang ein Merge im Gange ist"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Konflikte im Index. Versuchen Sie es ohne --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Konnte Index-Verzeichnis nicht speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Kann geänderte Dateien nicht aus dem Index entfernen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Index wurde nicht aus dem Stash zurückgeladen."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Gelöscht ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Konnte \"stash\"-Eintrag nicht löschen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Kein Branchname spezifiziert"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Zur Wiederherstellung geben Sie \"git stash apply\" ein)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Relative Pfade können nur von der obersten Ebene des Arbeitsverzeichnisses "
+"benutzt werden."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "repo URL: '$repo' muss absolut sein oder mit ./|../ beginnen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' ist bereits zum Commit vorgemerkt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Der folgende Pfad wird durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien ignoriert:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Benutzen Sie -f wenn Sie diesen wirklich hinzufügen möchten."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Füge existierendes Repository in '$sm_path' dem Index hinzu."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits und ist kein gültiges Git-Repository"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Git-Verzeichnis für '$sm_name' wurde lokal gefunden mit den Remote-"
+"Repositories:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie dieses lokale Git-Verzeichnis wiederverwenden möchtest, anstatt "
+"erneut zu klonen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"benutzen Sie die Option '--force'. Wenn das lokale Git-Verzeichnis nicht das "
+"korrekte Repository ist"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"oder Sie sich unsicher sind, was das bedeutet, wählen Sie einen anderen "
+"Namen mit der Option '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Reaktiviere lokales Git-Verzeichnis für Submodul '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kann Submodul '$sm_path' nicht auschecken"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Hinzufügen von Submodul '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Eintragen von Submodul '$sm_path' in die Konfiguration."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Betrete '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Stoppe bei '$displaypath'; Skript gab nicht-Null Status zurück."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikationen und --all sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Verwenden Sie '--all', wenn Sie wirklich alle Submodule deinitialisieren\n"
+"möchten."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis des Submoduls in '$displaypath' enthält ein .git-"
+"Verzeichnis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Submodul wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis von Submodul in '$displaypath' enthält lokale Änderungen; "
+"verwenden Sie '-f', um diese zu verwerfen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis '$displaypath' bereinigt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis des Submoduls in '$displaypath' nicht löschen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte kein leeres Verzeichnis für Submodul in '$displaypath' erstellen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Submodul '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$displaypath' wurde aus der Konfiguration "
+"entfernt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte aktuellen Commit in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht finden."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht ausführen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht ausführen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht auschecken."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad: '$displaypath': '$sha1' ausgecheckt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Rebase auf '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht möglich"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': Rebase auf '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Merge von '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': zusammengeführt in '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Ausführung von '$command $sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --files können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "unerwarteter Modus $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht Commit $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht Commit $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht die Commits $sha1_src und $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "Blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synchronisiere Submodul-URL für '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "Siehe git-${cmd}(1) für weitere Details."
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "'%s': %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for reading: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Lesen öffnen: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for writing: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "kann %s nicht öffnen: %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Bitte merken Sie Ihre Änderungen in .gitmodules zum Commit vor oder "
+#~ "benutzen\n"
+#~ "Sie \"stash\", um fortzufahren."
+
+#~ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte Tag '%s' nicht verifizieren"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to remove: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Löschen: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+#~ msgstr "Die Option --exec muss mit --interactive verwendet werden."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+#~ "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' ist nicht initialisiert.\n"
+#~ "Vielleicht möchten Sie 'update --init' benutzen?"
+
+#~ msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+#~ msgstr "lokale Commits auf einem aktuellerem Upstream-Branch neu aufbauen"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse format"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte Format nicht parsen."
+
+#~ msgid "improper format entered align:%s"
+#~ msgstr "Sie haben ein ungültiges Format eingegeben align:%s"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte core.worktree in '%s' nicht setzen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+#~ "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+#~ "and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+#~ "to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+#~ "behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+#~ "remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+#~ "information.\n"
+#~ "(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+#~ "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "'push.default' ist nicht gesetzt; der implizit gesetzte Wert\n"
+#~ "wurde in Git 2.0 von 'matching' nach 'simple' geändert. Um diese Meldung "
+#~ "zu\n"
+#~ "unterdrücken und das aktuelle Verhalten nach Änderung des Standardwertes\n"
+#~ "beizubehalten, benutzen Sie:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Um diese Meldung zu unterdrücken und das neue Verhalten jetzt zu "
+#~ "übernehmen, benutzen Sie:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Wenn 'push.default' auf den Wert 'matching' gesetzt ist, werden lokale\n"
+#~ "Branches zu den Remote-Branches mit den selben Namen versendet.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "In Git 2.0 wurde das Standardverhalten zu 'simple' geändert. Hierbei "
+#~ "wird\n"
+#~ "der aktuelle Branch zu dem entsprechenden Remote-Branch versendet, den\n"
+#~ "'git pull' zur Aktualisierung des aktuellen Branches verwendet.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Führen Sie 'git help config' aus und suchen Sie nach 'push.default' für\n"
+#~ "weitere Informationen.\n"
+#~ "(Der Modus 'simple' wurde in Git 1.7.11 eingeführt. Benutzen Sie den "
+#~ "ähnlichen\n"
+#~ "Modus 'current' anstatt 'simple', falls Sie gelegentlich ältere Versionen "
+#~ "von\n"
+#~ "Git benutzen.)"
+
+#~ msgid "check|on-demand|no"
+#~ msgstr "check|on-demand|no"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht anhängen."
+
+#~ msgid "Missing author: %s"
+#~ msgstr "fehlender Autor: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Testing "
+#~ msgstr "Prüfe "
+
+#~ msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+#~ msgstr "konnte aktuellen Benutzer nicht in Passwort-Datei finden: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "no such user"
+#~ msgstr "kein solcher Benutzer"
+
+#~ msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+#~ msgstr "Branch '%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
+
+#~ msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+#~ msgstr "Objekt '%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
+
+#~ msgid "some refs could not be read"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte einige Referenzen nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid "print only merged branches"
+#~ msgstr "nur Branches ausgeben, die zusammengeführt sind"
+
+#~ msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+#~ msgstr "--dissociate ohne --reference angegeben"
+
+#~ msgid "show usage"
+#~ msgstr "Verwendung anzeigen"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+#~ msgstr "zu langer Vorlagen-Name %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+#~ msgstr "zu lange symbolische Verknüpfung %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+#~ msgstr "zu langer Vorlagen-Pfad %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insane git directory %s"
+#~ msgstr "ungültiges Git-Verzeichnis %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Angabe für \"--sort\" '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Angabe für \"--sort\" '%s' in Variable '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+#~ msgstr "Option 'points-at' erfordert ein Objekt"
+
+#~ msgid "sort tags"
+#~ msgstr "Tags sortieren"
+
+#~ msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "--sort und -n sind inkompatibel"
+
+#~ msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Git-Verzeichnis '$a' ist Teil des Submodul-Pfades '$b', oder umgekehrt"
+
+#~ msgid "false|true|preserve"
+#~ msgstr "false|true|preserve"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+#~ msgstr "FEHLER: Wiederöffnen einer bereits geöffneten Lock-Datei"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+#~ msgstr "FEHLER: Wiederöffnen einer bereits committeten Lock-Datei"
+
+#~ msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+#~ msgstr "Option %s akzeptiert keine negative Form"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Wert '%s' für Option %s nicht parsen"
+
+#~ msgid "-b and -B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "-b und -B schließen sich gegenseitig aus"
+
+#~ msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+#~ msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst die Informationen zum Commit-Ersteller setzen."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+#~ "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort"
+#~ "\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Wenn Sie das Problem gelöst haben, führen Sie \"$cmdline --continue\" "
+#~ "aus.\n"
+#~ "Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
+#~ "\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
+#~ "Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der\n"
+#~ "Patches abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+
+#~ msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+#~ msgstr "Patch-Format $patch_format wird nicht unterstützt."
+
+#~ msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+#~ msgstr "Bitte werden Sie sich klar. --skip oder --abort?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+#~ "If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Patch ist leer. Wurde er falsch aufgeteilt?\n"
+#~ "Wenn Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
+#~ "\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
+#~ "Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
+#~ "Patches\n"
+#~ "abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+
+#~ msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+#~ msgstr "Patch enthält keine gültige E-Mail-Adresse."
+
+#~ msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "Wende an: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen bei $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+#~ "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+#~ "as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien "
+#~ "haben.\n"
+#~ "Bitte korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsverzeichnis und benutzen Sie dann\n"
+#~ "'git add/rm <Datei>', um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren und zu\n"
+#~ "committen."
+
+#~ msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben."
+
+#~ msgid "no branch specified"
+#~ msgstr "Kein Branch spezifiziert"
+
+#~ msgid "check a branch out in a separate working directory"
+#~ msgstr "Branch in separatem Arbeitsverzeichnis auschecken"
+
+#~ msgid "prune .git/worktrees"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Informationen zu nicht mehr existierenden Arbeitsverzeichnissen in .git/"
+#~ "worktrees entfernen"
+
+#~ msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+#~ msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Kommandos sind:"
+
+#~ msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Kein solcher Branch '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte git-Verweis %s nicht erstellen"
+
+#~ msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Ungültiges Wert für \"gc.pruneexpire\": '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "(detached from %s)"
+#~ msgstr "(losgelöst von %s)"
+
+#~ msgid "search also in ignored files"
+#~ msgstr "auch in ignorierten Dateien suchen"
+
+#~ msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Kein existierender Autor mit '%s' gefunden."
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <Branch>)"
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "keine Dateien hinzugefügt"
+
+#~ msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+#~ msgstr "Branch auch erzeugen, wenn dieser bereits existiert"
+
+#~ msgid "slot"
+#~ msgstr "Slot"
+
+#~ msgid "check"
+#~ msgstr "check|on-demand"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Sperren der Referenz zur Aktualisierung."
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write ref"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Referenz."
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock HEAD during fast_forward_to"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Sperren von HEAD während fast_forward_to"
+
+#~ msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Ungültiger Commit: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "Kann Referenz von HEAD nicht sperren."
+
+#~ msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "Kann Referenz von HEAD nicht aktualisieren."
+
+#~ msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#~ msgstr "kann aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht ermitteln"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht sperren"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#~ msgid "commit has empty message"
+#~ msgstr "Commit hat eine leere Beschreibung"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Verzeichniswechsel: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "key id"
+#~ msgstr "Schlüssel-ID"
+
+#~ msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Konfiguration zum Folgen von Branch nicht eingerichtet. Name zu lang: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler"
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", hinterher "
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte .gitmodules nicht in der Staging-Area finden"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "Lesen der aktualisierten .gitmodules-Datei fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte .gitmodules nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht hinzufügen"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+#~ "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+#~ "anymore.\n"
+#~ "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+#~ "directory.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Das Verhalten von 'git add %s (oder %s)' ohne ein Pfad-Argument von\n"
+#~ "einem Unterverzeichnis aus wird in Git 2.0 geändert und sollte nicht\n"
+#~ "mehr verwendet werden.\n"
+#~ "Um Dateien des gesamten Projektverzeichnisses hinzuzufügen, führen Sie "
+#~ "aus:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (oder git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Zur Einschränkung auf das aktuelle Verzeichnis führen Sie aus:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (oder git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Mit der aktuellen Version von Git ist das Kommando auf das aktuelle\n"
+#~ "Verzeichnis beschränkt.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you "
+#~ "removed.\n"
+#~ "Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+#~ "removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+#~ "  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sie haben 'git add' weder mit '-A (--all)' noch mit '--ignore-removal'\n"
+#~ "ausgeführt. Das Verhalten des Kommandos ändert sich in Git 2.0 durch\n"
+#~ "Berücksichtigung der gelöschten Pfade.\n"
+#~ "Pfade wie '%s', die im Arbeitsverzeichnis gelöscht wurden, werden in\n"
+#~ "dieser Version von Git ignoriert.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <Pfadspezifikation>', was der aktuelle\n"
+#~ "  Standardwert ist, ignoriert gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis.\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <Pfadspezifikation>' berücksichtigt ebenfalls gelöschte\n"
+#~ "  Pfade.\n"
+#~ "Führen Sie 'git status' aus, um die gelöschten Pfade zu überprüfen.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+#~ "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Datenbank des Repositories wird für eine optimale Performance\n"
+#~ "komprimiert. Sie können auch \"git gc\" manuell ausführen.\n"
+#~ "Siehe \"git help gc\" für weitere Informationen.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+#~ "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+#~ "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration "
+#~ "variable\n"
+#~ "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines "
+#~ "versendeten\n"
+#~ "Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Wenn Sie "
+#~ "nicht\n"
+#~ "beabsichtigt haben, diesen Branch zu versenden, können Sie auch den zu "
+#~ "versendenden\n"
+#~ "Branch spezifizieren oder die Konfigurationsvariable 'push.default' zu "
+#~ "'simple', 'current'\n"
+#~ "oder 'upstream' setzen, um nur den aktuellen Branch zu versenden."
+
+#~ msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "kopiert:     %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#~ msgstr "gelöscht:    %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "geändert:   %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "umbenannt:    %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "nicht zusammengeführt:   %s"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "Eingabepfade sind durch ein NUL Zeichen abgeschlossen"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abgebrochen. Benutzen Sie entweder die Option --force oder --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --resolved\" "
+#~ "aus)"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Mehr als %d \"Tree\"-Objekte angegeben: '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Sie können --no-ff nicht mit --ff--only kombinieren."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Submodul '%s' (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon) verwendet\n"
+#~ "ein .git-Verzeichnis (benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses wirklich "
+#~ "mitsamt\n"
+#~ "seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "'%s' hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen\n"
+#~ "(benutzen Sie --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die "
+#~ "Entfernung zu erzwingen)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "zeigt Commits, bei denen kein Eltern-Commit vor seinem Kind-Commit kommt"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "zeigt Referenz von HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' nicht ausführen"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unbeobachteten Dateien zu bestimmen.'status -"
+#~ "uno'"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten, neue"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] "
+#~ "[<Versionsidentifikation>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Siehe 'git help <Kommando>' für weitere Informationen zu einem "
+#~ "spezifischen Kommando"
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Referenzen in .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Markierungen in .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "ungültiges Objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "unechte Einreicher-Informationen %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Datei-Deskriptor für Ausgabe von 'show' nicht öffnen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Schließen der Verbindung zu 'show' ist für Objekt '%s' fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Sie haben keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "Ups"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Würde '%s' nicht löschen\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Entferne nicht %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 Dateien geändert"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d Datei geändert"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d Dateien geändert"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile hinzugefügt(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen hinzugefügt(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile entfernt(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen entfernt(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | -d | <Zweig>])"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -b/-B/--orphan benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan und -b|-B sind gegenseitig exklusiv"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: -f und -m sind inkompatibel"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: Die Aktualisierung von Pfaden ist inkompatibel mit dem "
+#~ "Wechsel von Zweigen."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: Festplatte voll?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "-d Option wird nicht länger unterstützt. Nicht benutzen."
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s wurde gelöscht/umbenannt"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "'%s' ist kein Dokumentationsverzeichnis"
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr "Konnte E-Mail-Adresse des Einreichers nicht extrahieren."
+
+#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
+#~ msgstr "cherry-pick"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were "
+#~ "rejected\n"
+#~ "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See "
+#~ "the\n"
+#~ "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Um dich vor Verlust von Historie zu bewahren, wurden nicht vorzuspulende "
+#~ "Aktualisierungen zurückgewiesen.\n"
+#~ "Führe die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull') bevor du erneut "
+#~ "versendest. Siehe auch die 'Note about fast-forwards' Sektion von \n"
+#~ "'git push --help' für weitere Details.\n"
diff --git a/po/fr.po b/po/fr.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b18d57f157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/fr.po
@@ -0,0 +1,13364 @@
+# French translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2015 Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>, 2015.
+# Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>, 2013.
+#
+# French translations of common Git words used in this file:
+#
+#   English          |  French
+#   -----------------+---------------------------------
+#   3-way merge      |  fusion à 3 points
+#   #NN              |  n°NN
+#   a commit         |  un commit
+#   backward         |
+#     compatibility  |  rétrocompatibilité
+#   bare repository  |  dépôt nu
+#   bisect           |  bissection
+#   blob             |  blob
+#   bug              |  bogue
+#   bundle           |  colis
+#   bypass           |  éviter d'utiliser
+#   to checkout      |  extraire
+#   cherry-pick      |  picorer
+#   to commit        |  valider
+#   commit-ish       |  commit ou apparenté
+#   config file      |  fichier de configuration
+#   dangling         |  en suspens
+#   to debug         |  déboguer
+#   debugging        |  débogage
+#   to deflate       |  compresser
+#   email            |  e-mail
+#   entry            |  élément
+#   fast-forward     |  avance rapide
+#   fast-forwarded   |  mis à jour en avance rapide
+#   to fetch         |  rapatrier
+#   fix conflicts    |  réglez les conflits
+#   to format        |  formater
+#   glob             |  glob
+#   hash             |  hachage
+#   HEAD             |  HEAD (genre féminin)
+#   hook             |  crochet
+#   hunk             |  section
+#   to inflate       |  décompresser
+#   to list          |  afficher
+#   mapping          |  mise en correspondance
+#   merge            |  fusion
+#   pack             |  paquet
+#   patches          |  patchs
+#   pattern          |  motif
+#   to prune         |  éliminer
+#   to push          |  pousser
+#   to rebase        |  rebaser
+#   repository       |  dépôt
+#   remote           |  distante (ou serveur distant)
+#   revision         |  révision
+#   shallow          |  superficiel
+#   shell            |  interpréteur de commandes
+#   stash            |  remisage
+#   to stash         |  remiser
+#   tag              |  étiquette
+#   template         |  modèle
+#   thread           |  fil
+#   to track         |  suivre
+#   tree             |  arbre
+#   tree-ish         |  arbre ou apparenté
+#   to unstage       |  désindexer
+#   upstream         |  amont
+#   viewer           |  visualiseur
+#   worktree /       |
+#   work(ing) tree   |  copie de travail
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-05-26 22:46+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>\n"
+"Language: fr\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n<=1 ?0 : 1;\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "astuce: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Corrigez-les puis lancez 'git add/rm <fichier>'\n"
+"si nécessaire pour marquer la résolution et valider."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas terminé votre fusion (MERGE_HEAD existe)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "Veuillez valider vos changements avant de fusionner."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "Abandon à cause d'une fusion non terminée."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<options>] <arbre ou apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <dépôt> [--exec <commande>] [<options>] <arbre ou "
+"apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <dépôt> [--exec <commande>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' ne correspond à aucun fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "format d'archive"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "préfixe"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "préfixer chaque chemin de fichier dans l'archive"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548 builtin/blame.c:2549
+#: builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987 builtin/fast-export.c:989
+#: builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100 builtin/ls-files.c:459
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "écrire l'archive dans ce fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "lire .gitattributes dans le répertoire de travail"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers archivés sur stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "stockage seulement"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "compression rapide"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "compression efficace"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "afficher les formats d'archive supportés"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "dépôt"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "récupérer l'archive depuis le dépôt distant <dépôt>"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "commande"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "chemin vers la commande distante git-upload-archive"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Les motifs de négation sont ignorés dans les attributs git\n"
+"Utilisez '\\!' pour un point d'exclamation littéral."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Après correction de la cause de l'erreur, vous pouvez essayer de corriger\n"
+"l'information de suivi distant en invoquant\n"
+"\"git branch --setup-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "La branche %s ne peut pas être sa propre branche amont."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche distante %s de %s en "
+"rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche distante %s depuis %s."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche locale %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche locale %s."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence distante %s en "
+"rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence distante %s."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence locale %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence locale %s."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "Échec de l'écriture de la configuration de branche amont"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Pas de suivi : information ambiguë pour la référence %s"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom de branche valide."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Une branche nommée '%s' existe déjà."
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Impossible de forcer la mise à jour de la branche courante."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de paramétrer le suivi de branche ; le point de départ '%s' n'est "
+"pas une branche."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branche amont demandée '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si vous comptez baser votre travail sur une branche\n"
+"amont qui existe déjà sur le serveur distant, vous pouvez\n"
+"lancer \"git fetch\" pour la récupérer.\n"
+"\n"
+"Si vous comptez pousser une nouvelle branche locale qui suivra\n"
+"sa jumelle distante, vous pouvez utiliser \"git push -u\"\n"
+"pour paramétrer le suivi distant en même temps que vous poussez."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objet invalide : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objet ambigu : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Point d'embranchement invalide : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' est déjà extrait dans '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "la HEAD de la copie de travail %s n'est pas mise à jour"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' ne semble pas être un fichier bundle v2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "en-tête non reconnu : %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Le dépôt ne dispose pas des commits prérequis suivants :"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "échec de la préparation du parcours des révisions"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Le colis contient cette référence :"
+msgstr[1] "Le colis contient ces %d références :"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Le colis enregistre l'historique complet."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Le colis exige cette référence :"
+msgstr[1] "Le colis exige ces %d références :"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer des objets groupés"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "les objets groupés ont disparu"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list a disparu"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "la référence '%s' est exclue par les options de rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument non reconnu : %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Refus de créer un colis vide."
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "l'index de groupe a disparu"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide de couleur : %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s n'est pas un commit !"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "plus de mémoire"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "ligne %d de fichier de config incorrecte dans %s %s"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"valeur numérique de configuration incorrecte '%s' pour '%s' dans %s %s : %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "valeur numérique de configuration invalide '%s' pour '%s' : %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'étendre le répertoire utilisateur dans : '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "niveau de compression zlib incorrect %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "mode invalide pour la création d'objet : %s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "lecture de la configuration de ligne de commande impossible"
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "erreur inconnue pendant la lecture des fichiers de configuration"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible d'analyser '%s' depuis le configuration en ligne de commande"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"variable de configuration '%s' incorrecte dans le fichier '%s' à la ligne %d"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s a des valeurs multiples"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de régler '%s' à '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de désinitialiser '%s'"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Impossible de lancer 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire dans la rev-list"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer l'entrée standard du rev-list"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "dans le futur"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu seconde"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu secondes"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu minute"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu minutes"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu heure"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu heures"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu jour"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu jours"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu semaine"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu semaines"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu mois"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu mois"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu an"
+msgstr[1] "%lu ans"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %s et %lu mois"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %s et %lu mois"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu an"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu ans"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le fichier de commande '%s'"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Détection de renommage inexact en cours"
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Impossible d'analyser le pourcentage de modification de dirstat '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Paramètre dirstat inconnu '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Valeur inconnue pour la variable de configuration 'diff.submodule' : '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Erreurs dans la variable de configuration 'diff.dirstat' :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "l'application de diff externe a disparu, arrêt à %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow a besoin d'une spécification de chemin unique"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'analyser le paramètre de l'option --dirstat/-X :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le paramètre de l'option --submodule : '%s'"
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "echec de l'obtention d'information de kernel"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr "Le cache non suivi est désactivé sur ce système ou sur cet endroit."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "impossible de lancer gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg n'a pas accepté les données"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg n'a pas pu signer les données"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer un fichier temporaire '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire la signature détachée dans '%s'"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : lecture de %s impossible"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "échec du stat de '%s'"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "'%s' : lecture tronquée"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "commandes git disponibles dans '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "commandes git disponibles depuis un autre endroit de votre $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "Ci-dessous les commandes Git habituelles dans diverses situations :"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' semble être une commande git, mais elle n'a pas pu\n"
+"être exécutée. Peut-être git-%s est-elle cassée ?"
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ahem. Votre système n'indique aucune commande Git."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"ATTENTION : vous avez invoqué une commande Git nommée '%s' qui n'existe "
+"pas.\n"
+"Continuons en supposant que vous avez voulu dire '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "dans %0.1f secondes automatiquement..."
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git : '%s' n'est pas une commande git. Voir 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Vouliez-vous dire cela ?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Vouliez-vous dire un de ceux-là ?"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de créer '%s.lock' : %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Il semble qu'un autre processus git est déjà lancé dans ce dépôt,\n"
+"par exemple un éditeur ouvert par 'git commit'. Veuillez vous assurer\n"
+"que tous les processus sont terminés et réessayez. Si l'echec persiste,\n"
+"un processus git peut avoir planté :\n"
+"supprimez le fichier manuellement pour poursuivre."
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer '%s.lock' : %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le cache"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(mauvais commit)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de addinfo_cache pour le chemin '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "erreur de construction des arbres"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le chemin '%s' %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s pour faire de la place pour le sous-répertoire\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": peut-être un conflit D/F ?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "refus de perdre le fichier non suivi '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob attendu pour %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "échec à l'ouverture de '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "échec à la création du lien symbolique '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "ne sait pas traiter %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Échec à l'exécution de la fusion interne"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter %s à la base de données"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "type d'objet non supporté dans l'arbre"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s/suppression) : %s supprimé dans %s et %s dans %s. Version %s de "
+"%s laissée dans l'arbre."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s/suppression) : %s supprimé dans %s et %s dans %s. Version %s de "
+"%s laissée dans l'arbre dans le fichier %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "renommage"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "renommé"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s est un répertoire dans %s ajouté plutôt comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/renommage) : Renommage de \"%s\"->\"%s\" dans la branche "
+"\"%s\" et renommage \"%s\"->\"%s\" dans \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (laissé non résolu)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/renommage) : renommage '%s'->'%s' dans %s. Renommage '%s'-"
+">'%s' dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Renommage de %s en %s et de %s en %s à la place"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/ajout) : Renommage de %s->%s dans %s. %s ajouté dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Ajout de %s fusionné"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Ajout plutôt comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "l'objet %s n'est pas un blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "modification"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "modifié"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "contenu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "ajout/ajout"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s sauté (fusion identique à l'existant)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Fusion automatique de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "sous-module"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLIT (%s) : Conflit de fusion dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fichier/répertoire"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "répertoire/fichier"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s) : Il y a un répertoire nommé %s dans %s. Ajout de %s comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Ajout de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Échec fatal de fusion, qui ne devrait jamais arriver."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Déjà à jour !"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "échec de fusion des arbres %s et %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Chemin non traité ??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Fusion :"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "%u ancêtre commun trouvé :"
+msgstr[1] "%u ancêtres communs trouvés :"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "la fusion n'a pas retourné de commit"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire l'index."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de valider un arbre de notes non initialisé/référencé"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Mauvaise valeur de notes.rewriteMode : '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Refus de réécrire des notes dans %s (hors de refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Mauvaise valeur de %s : '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser l'objet : %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "usage : %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "   ou : %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nom d'objet malformé '%s'"
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Impossible de rendre %s inscriptible pour le groupe"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"les réglages de spécificateurs de chemin généraux 'glob' et 'noglob' sont "
+"incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"le réglage global de spécificateur de chemin 'literal' est incompatible avec "
+"tous les autres réglages globaux de spécificateur de chemin"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "paramètre invalide pour le spécificateur magique de chemin 'prefix'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "La spécification magique de chemin '%.*s' est invalide dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "')' manquante à la fin du spécificateur magique de chemin dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Spécificateur magique '%c' non implémenté dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s : 'literal' et 'glob' sont incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s : '%s' est hors du dépôt"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Le chemin '%s' est dans le sous-module '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s : le spécificateur magique de chemin n'est pas supporté par cette "
+"commande : %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' est au-delà d'un lien symbolique"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"Il n'y a rien dont il faut exclure par des motifs :(exclure).\n"
+"Peut-être avez-vous oublié d'ajouter ':/' ou '.' ?"
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le format --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "fait"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"version d'index renseignée, mais la valeur est invalide.\n"
+"Utilisation de la version %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION est renseigné, mais la valeur est invalide.\n"
+"Utilisation de la version %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la référence %s : %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer les références : %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer la référence %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "format attendu : %%(color:<couleur>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "couleur non reconnue : %%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "format non reconnu %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) n'accepte pas d'argument"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) n'accepte pas d'argument"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "valeur positive attendue contents:lines=%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument %%(contents) non reconnu : %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument %%(objectname) non reconnu : %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "format attendu : %%(align:<largeur>,<position>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "position non reconnue : %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "largeur non reconnue : %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument %%(align) non reconnu : %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "valeur positive attendue avec l'atome %%(align)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "nom de champ malformé %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "nom de champ inconnu : %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "format : atome %%(end) utilisé sans atome correspondant"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "Chaîne de formatage mal formée %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= requiert un argument entier positif"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "la réf '%s' n'a pas %ld composants à :strip"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "format de %.*s inconnu %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "objet manquant %s pour %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "echec de parse_object_buffer sur %s pour %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "objet malformé à '%s'"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "réf avec un nom cassé %s ignoré"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "réf cassé %s ignoré"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "format: atome %%(end) manquant"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nom d'objet malformé %s"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de récupérer à la fois %s et %s pour %s"
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s suit habituellement %s, pas %s"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s suit à la fois %s et %s"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Erreur interne"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD ne pointe pas sur une branche"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "pas de branche '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "aucune branche amont configurée pour la branche '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "la branche amont '%s' n'est pas stockée comme branche de suivi"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"la destination de poussée '%s' sur le serveur distant '%s' n'a pas de "
+"branche locale de suivi"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "la branche '%s' n'a aucune branche distante de poussée"
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "les références de spec pour '%s' n'incluent pas '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "la poussée n'a pas de destination (push.default vaut 'nothing')"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de résoudre une poussée 'simple' pour une destination unique"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Votre branche est basée sur '%s', mais la branche amont a disparu.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git branch --unset-upstream\" pour corriger)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Votre branche est à jour avec '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Votre branche est en avance sur '%s' de %d commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Votre branche est en avance sur '%s' de %d commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git push\" pour publier vos commits locaux)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Votre branche est en retard sur '%s' de %d commit, et peut être mise à jour "
+"en avance rapide.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Votre branche est en retard sur '%s' de %d commits, et peut être mise à jour "
+"en avance rapide.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git pull\" pour mettre à jour votre branche locale)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Votre branche et '%s' ont divergé,\n"
+"et ont %d et %d commit différent chacune respectivement.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Votre branche et '%s' ont divergé,\n"
+"et ont %d et %d commits différents chacune respectivement.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git pull\" pour fusionner la branche distante dans la vôtre)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "votre branche actuelle semble cassée"
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "votre branche actuelle '%s' ne contient encore aucun commit"
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent est incompatible avec --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ouverture de /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "échec de dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "impossible de signer le certificat de poussée"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "Le receveur ne gère pas les poussées avec --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"pas d'envoi de certificat de poussée car le receveur ne gère pas les "
+"poussées avec --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "Le receveur ne gère pas les poussées avec --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"après résolution des conflits, marquez les chemins corrigés\n"
+"avec 'git add <chemins>' ou 'git rm <chemins>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"après résolution des conflits, marquez les chemins corrigés\n"
+"avec 'git add <chemins>' ou 'git rm <chemins>'\n"
+"puis validez le résultat avec 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'emballage de %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Vos modifications locales seraient écrasées par cherry-pick."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Vos modifications locales seraient écrasées par revert."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Validez vos modifications ou les remiser pour continuer."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de résoudre le commit HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'arbre de cache\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le commit %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le commit parent %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Votre fichier d'index n'est pas fusionné."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Le commit %s est une fusion mais l'option -m n'a pas été spécifiée."
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Le commit %s n'a pas le parent %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Une branche principale a été spécifiée mais le commit %s n'est pas une "
+"fusion."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s : impossible d'analyser le commit parent %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'obtenir un message de validation pour %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'annuler %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'appliquer %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "l'ensemble de commits spécifié est vide"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s : échec à la lecture de l'index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s : échec du rafraîchissement de l'index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de %s pendant un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser la ligne %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Aucun commit analysé."
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Feuille d'instruction inutilisable : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Clé invalide: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide pour %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Feuille d'options malformée : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "un picorage ou un retour est déjà en cours"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "essayez \"git cherry-pick (--continue|--quit|-- abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire de séquenceur %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Erreur lors de l'emballage de %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "aucun picorage ou retour en cours"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "impossible de résoudre HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "impossible d'abandonner depuis une branche non encore créée"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "fin de fichier inattendue"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "le fichier HEAD de préparation de picorage '%s' est corrompu"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de formater %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s : impossible de picorer un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s : mauvaise révision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Impossible d'annuler en tant que commit initial"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossible de picorer vers une HEAD vide"
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "échec de la lecture de %s"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "Version attendue du dépôt git <= %d, %d trouvée"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "extensions de dépôt inconnues trouvées :"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "offset avant la fin du fichier paquet (.idx cassé ?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr "offset avant le début de l'index de paquet pour %s (index corrompu ?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr ""
+"offset au delà de la fin de l'index de paquet pour %s (index tronqué ?)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git ne créé normalement jamais de référence qui se termine par 40 caractères "
+"hexa\n"
+"car elle serait ignorée si vous spécifiiez 40-hexa. Ces références\n"
+"peuvent être créées par erreur. Par exemple,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"où \"$br\" est d'une manière ou d'une autre vide et une référence 40-hexa "
+"est créée.\n"
+"Veuillez examiner ces références et peut-être les supprimer. Désactivez ce "
+"message\n"
+"en lançant \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Modification impossible de .gitmodules non fusionné, résolvez les conflits "
+"d'abord"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver une section où path=%s dans .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'élément %s de .gitmodules"
+
+# ici %s est un chemin
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer l'élément de .gitmodules pour %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "échec de la mise en index du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "les valeurs négatives ne sont pas permises pour submodule.fetchJobs"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide pour %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de la commande trailer '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "valeur inconnue '%s' pour la clé '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "plus d'un %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "symbole vide dans la ligne de fin '%.*s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le fichier d'entrée '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "stat impossible de %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "%s n'est pas un fichier régulier"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "le fichier %s n'est pas inscriptible par l'utilisateur"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "impossible de créer un fichier temporaire"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "impossible de renommer un fichier temporaire en %s"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire la réf %s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Vos modifications locales aux fichiers suivants seraient écrasées par l'extraction :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez valider ou remiser vos modifications avant de basculer de branche."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Vos modifications locales aux fichiers suivants seraient écrasées par l'extraction :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Vos modifications locales aux fichiers suivants seraient écrasées par la fusion :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez valider ou remiser vos modifications avant la fusion."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Vos modifications locales aux fichiers suivants seraient écrasées par la fusion :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Vos modifications locales aux fichiers suivants seraient écrasées par %s :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez valider ou remiser vos modifications avant %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Vos modifications locales aux fichiers suivants seraient écrasées par %s :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"La mise à jour des répertoires suivants effacerait les fichiers non suivis contenus :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient effacés par l'extraction :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez renommer ou effacer ces fichiers avant de basculer de branche."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient effacés par l'extraction :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient effacés par la fusion :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez renommer ou effacer ces fichiers avant la fusion."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient effacés par la fusion :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient effacés par %s :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez renommer ou effacer ces fichiers avant %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient effacés par %s :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient écrasés par l'extraction :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez renommer ou effacer ces fichiers avant de basculer de branche."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient écrasés par l'extraction :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient effacés par la fusion :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez renommer ou effacer ces fichiers avant la fusion."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient écrasés par la fusion :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient écrasés par %s :\n"
+"%%sVeuillez renommer ou effacer ces fichiers avant %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants non suivis seraient écrasés par %s :\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "L'entrée '%s' surcharge avec '%s'. Affectation impossible."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Mise à jour d'extraction creuse impossible : les entrées suivantes ne sont pas à jour :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants de la copie de travail seraient écrasés par la mise à jour par extraction creuse :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Les fichiers suivants de la copie de travail seraient supprimés par la mise à jour par extraction creuse :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "Abandon\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Extraction des fichiers"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "nom de schéma d'URL invalide ou suffixe '://' manquant"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "séquence d'échappement %XX invalide"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "hôte manquant et le schéma n'est pas 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "une URL 'file:' ne peut pas contenir de numéro de port"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "caractères invalides dans le nom d'hôte"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "numéro de port invalide"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "segment de chemin '..' invalide"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en lecture/écriture"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en lecture"
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder à '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder au répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture"
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Chemins non fusionnés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git reset %s <fichier>...\" pour désindexer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rm --cached <fichier>...\" pour désindexer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git add <fichier>...\" pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add/rm <fichier>...\" si nécessaire pour marquer comme "
+"résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rm <fichier>...\" pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Modifications qui seront validées :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Modifications qui ne seront pas validées :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add <fichier>...\" pour mettre à jour ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add/rm <fichier>...\" pour mettre à jour ce qui sera "
+"validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git checkout -- <fichier>...\" pour annuler les modifications "
+"dans la copie de travail)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (valider ou annuler le contenu non suivi ou modifié dans les sous-modules)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git %s <fichier>...\" pour inclure dans ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "supprimé des deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "ajouté par nous :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "supprimé par eux :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "ajouté par eux :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "supprimé par nous :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "ajouté de deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "modifié des deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "bogue : état de non-fusion non géré %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "nouveau fichier :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "copié :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "supprimé :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "modifié :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "renommé :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "modif. type :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "inconnu :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "non fusionné :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "nouveaux commits, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "contenu modifié, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "contenu non suivi, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "bogue : état de diff non géré %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Sous-modules modifiés mais non mis à jour :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Changements du sous-module à valider :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Ne touchez pas à la ligne ci-dessus\n"
+"Tout ce qui suit sera éliminé."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Vous avez des chemins non fusionnés."
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tous les conflits sont réglés mais la fusion n'est pas terminée."
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git commit\" pour terminer la fusion)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Vous êtes au milieu d'une session am."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Le patch actuel est vide."
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git am --skip\" pour sauter ce patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git am --abort\" pour restaurer la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "Aucune commande réalisée."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "Dernière commande effectuée (%d commande effectuée) :"
+msgstr[1] "Dernières commandes effectuées (%d commandes effectuées) :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  (voir plus dans le fichier %s)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "Aucune commande restante."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "Prochaine commande à effectuer (%d commande restante) :"
+msgstr[1] "Prochaines commandes à effectuer (%d commandes restantes) :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --edit-todo\" pour voir et éditer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en train de rebaser la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en train de rebaser."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --skip\" pour sauter ce patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --abort\" pour extraire la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train de fractionner un commit pendant un rebasage "
+"de la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train de fractionner un commit pendant un rebasage."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Une fois la copie de travail nettoyée, lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train d'éditer un commit pendant un rebasage de la "
+"branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train d'éditer un commit pendant un rebasage."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git commit --amend\" pour corriger le commit actuel)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git rebase --continue\" quand vous êtes satisfait de vos "
+"modifications)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de picorer le commit %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git cherry-pick --abort\" pour annuler le picorage)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de rétablir le commit %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git revert --abort\" pour annuler le rétablissement)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en cours de bissection, depuis la branche '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en cours de bissection."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git bisect reset\" pour revenir à la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Sur la branche "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebasage interactif en cours ; sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebasage en cours ; sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD détachée sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD détachée depuis "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Actuellement sur aucun branche."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Validation initiale"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Fichiers non suivis"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"L'énumération des fichiers non suivis a duré %.2f secondes. 'status -uno'\n"
+"peut l'accélérer, mais vous devez alors faire attention à ne pas\n"
+"oublier d'ajouter les nouveaux fichiers par vous-même (voir 'git help "
+"status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Fichiers non suivis non affichés%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (utilisez -u pour afficher les fichiers non suivis)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Aucune modification"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification n'a été ajoutée à la validation (utilisez \"git add\" ou "
+"\"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "aucune modification ajoutée à la validation\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification ajoutée à la validation mais des fichiers non suivis "
+"sont présents (utilisez \"git add\" pour les suivre)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification ajoutée à la validation mais des fichiers non suivis "
+"sont présents\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"rien à valider (créez/copiez des fichiers et utilisez \"git add\" pour les "
+"suivre)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider (utilisez -u pour afficher les fichiers non suivis)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider, la copie de travail est propre\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Validation initiale sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (aucune branche)"
+
+# à priori on parle d'une branche ici
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "disparue"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "derrière "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "devant "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "échec lors de l'unlink de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<options>] [--] <chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "status de diff inattendu %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "échec de la mise à jour des fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "suppression de '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Modifications non indexées après rafraîchissement de l'index :"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'édition du patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Stat de '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Patch vide. Abandon."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'appliquer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Les chemins suivants sont ignorés par un de vos fichiers .gitignore :\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "simuler l'action"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "mode verbeux"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "sélection interactive"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "sélection interactive des sections"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "édition du diff actuel et application"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "permettre l'ajout de fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers suivis"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "enregistrer seulement le fait que le chemin sera ajouté plus tard"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "ajouter les modifications de tous les fichiers suivis et non suivis"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorer les chemins effacés dans la copie de travail (identique à --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "ne pas ajouter, juste rafraîchir l'index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"sauter seulement les fichiers qui ne peuvent pas être ajoutés du fait "
+"d'erreurs"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "vérifier si des fichiers - même manquants - sont ignorés, à vide"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Utilisez -f si vous voulez réellement les ajouter.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout de fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A et -u sont mutuellement incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr ""
+"L'option --ignore-missing ne peut être utilisée qu'en complément de --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Rien de spécifié, rien n'a été ajouté.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Vous vouliez sûrement dire 'git add .' ?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "fichier d'index corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le script author"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "'%s' a été effacé par le crochet applypatch-msg"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ligne en entrée malformée : '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de copier les notes de '%s' vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "échec de fseek"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Seulement une série de patchs StGIT peut être appliquée à la fois"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "horodatage invalide"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "ligne de Date invalide"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "décalage horaire invalide"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Échec de détection du format du patch."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la création du répertoire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "Échec de découpage des patchs."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "Quand vous avez résolu ce problème, lancez \"%s --continue\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr "Si vous préférez plutôt sauter ce patch, lancez \"%s --skip\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour restaurer la branche originale et arrêter de patcher, lancez \"%s --"
+"abort\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "Le patch est vide. Le découpage était-il bon ?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "ligne d'identification invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Le dépôt n'a pas les blobs nécessaires pour un retour à une fusion à 3 "
+"points."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Utilisation de l'information de l'index pour reconstruire un arbre de base..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Avez-vous édité le patch à la main ?\n"
+"Il ne s'applique pas aux blobs enregistrés dans son index."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Retour à un patch de la base et fusion à 3 points..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Échec d'intégration des modifications."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree a échoué à écrire un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "application à un historique vide"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "échec de l'écriture de l'objet commit"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "impossible de continuer : %s n'existe pas."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible d'être interactif sans entrée standard connectée à un terminal."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Le corps de la validation est :"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr "Appliquer ? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all : "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "Index sale : impossible d'appliquer des patchs (sales : %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "Application de  %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Pas de changement -- Patch déjà appliqué."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "le patch a échoué à %s %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "La copie du patch qui a échoué se trouve dans : %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun changement - avez-vous oublié d'utiliser 'git add' ?\n"
+"S'il n'y a plus rien à indexer, il se peut qu'autre chose ait déjà\n"
+"introduit les mêmes changements ; vous pourriez avoir envie de sauter ce "
+"patch."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez toujours des chemins non fusionnés dans votre index\n"
+"Auriez-vous oublié de faire 'git add' ?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser l'objet '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "échec du nettoyage de l'index"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous semblez avoir déplacé la HEAD depuis le dernier échec de 'am'.\n"
+"Pas de retour à ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide pour --patch-format : %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<options>] (--continue | --quit | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "exécution interactive"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "option historique -- no-op"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "permettre de revenir à une fusion à 3 points si nécessaire"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "être silencieux"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "ajouter une ligne Signed-off-by au message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "recoder en utf-8 (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passer l'option -k à git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passer l'option -b à git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passer l'option -m à git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "passer l'option --keep-cr à git-mailsplit fpour le format mbox"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr ""
+"ne pas passer l'option --keep-cr à git-mailsplit indépendamment de am.keepcr"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "retirer tout le contenu avant la ligne des ciseaux"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "action"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "le passer jusqu'à git-apply"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "racine"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "chemin"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134 builtin/pull.c:193
+#: builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182 builtin/show-branch.c:645
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340 parse-options.h:132
+#: parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "num"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "format de présentation des patchs"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "surcharger le message d'erreur lors d'un échec d'application de patch"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "continuer à appliquer les patchs après résolution d'un conflit"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "synonymes de --continue"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "sauter le patch courant"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr ""
+"restaurer la branche originale et abandonner les applications de patch."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "mentir sur la date de validation"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "utiliser l'horodatage actuel pour la date d'auteur"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "id-clé"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "signer les commits avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(utilisation interne pour git-rebase)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"L'option -b/--binary ne fait plus rien depuis longtemps,\n"
+"et elle sera supprimée. Veuillez ne plus l'utiliser."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "échec à la lecture de l'index"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"le répertoire précédent de rebasage %s existe toujours mais mbox donnée."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Répertoire abandonné %s trouvé.\n"
+"Utilisez \"git am --abort\" pour le supprimer."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de résolution de l'opération en cours, nous ne sommes pas dans une "
+"reprise."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "option d'espace non reconnue '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "option d'ignorance d'espace non reconnue '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de préparer la regexp d'horodatage %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec a retourné %d pour l'entrée : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "nom de fichier du patch introuvable à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - /dev/null attendu, %s trouvé à la "
+"ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - nouveau nom de fichier inconsistant "
+"à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - ancien nom de fichier inconsistant "
+"à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - /dev/null attendu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recomptage : ligne inattendue : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fragment de patch sans en-tête à la ligne %d : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"information de nom de fichier manquante dans l'en-tête de git diff lors de "
+"la suppression de %d composant de préfixe de chemin (ligne %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"information de nom de fichier manquante dans l'en-tête de git diff lors de "
+"la suppression de %d composants de préfixe de chemin (ligne %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "le nouveau fichier dépend de contenus anciens"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "le fichier supprimé a encore du contenu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch corrompu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "le nouveau fichier %s dépend de contenus anciens"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "le fichier supprimé %s a encore du contenu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** attention : le fichier %s devient vide mais n'est pas supprimé"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch binaire corrompu à la ligne %d : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch binaire non reconnu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "patch totalement incompréhensible à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "lecture du lien symbolique %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "ouverture ou lecture de %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "début de ligne invalide : '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "La section n°%d a réussi à la ligne %d (offset %d ligne)."
+msgstr[1] "La section n°%d a réussi à la ligne %d (offset %d lignes)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Contexte réduit à (%ld/%ld) pour appliquer le fragment à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"pendant la recherche de :\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "données de patch binaire manquantes pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "le patch binaire ne s'applique par correctement à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"le patch binaire sur '%s' crée un résultat incorrect (%s attendu, mais %s "
+"trouvé)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "le patch a échoué : %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "extraction de %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "échec de la lecture de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "lecture depuis '%s' au-delà d'un lien symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "le chemin %s a été renommé/supprimé"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s : n'existe pas dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s : ne correspond pas à l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "le patch de suppression laisse un contenu dans le fichier"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s : type erroné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s est de type %o, mais %o attendu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "chemin invalide '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s : existe déjà dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s : existe déjà dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "le nouveau mode (%o) de %s ne correspond pas à l'ancien mode (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+"le nouveau mode (%o) de %s ne correspond pas à l'ancien mode (%o) de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "le fichier affecté '%s' est au-delà d'un lien symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s : le patch ne s'applique pas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Vérification du patch %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de make_cache_entry pour le chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "suppression de %s dans l'index impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "patch corrompu pour le sous-module %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "stat du fichier nouvellement créé '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+"création du magasin de stockage pour le fichier nouvellement créé %s "
+"impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "ajout de l'élément de cache %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "fermeture du fichier '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "écriture du fichier '%s' mode %o impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s appliqué proprement."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "erreur interne"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Application du patch %%s avec %d rejet..."
+msgstr[1] "Application du patch %%s avec %d rejets..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "troncature du nom de fichier .rej en %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Section n°%d appliquée proprement."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Section n°%d rejetée."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "Chemin '%s' non traité."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "entrée non reconnue"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "lecture du fichier d'index impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "ne pas appliquer les modifications qui correspondent au chemin donné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "appliquer les modifications qui correspondent au chemin donné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "supprimer <num> barres obliques des chemins traditionnels de diff"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignorer les additions réalisées par le patch"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, afficher le diffstat de l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher le nombre de lignes ajoutées et supprimées en notation décimale"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, afficher un résumer de l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, voir si le patch est applicable"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "s'assurer que le patch est applicable sur l'index actuel"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "appliquer les patch sans toucher à la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "accepter un patch qui touche hors de la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "appliquer aussi le patch (à utiliser avec ---stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "tenter une fusion à 3 points si le patch ne s'applique pas proprement"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"construire un index temporaire fondé sur l'information de l'index embarqué"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "les chemins sont séparés par un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "s'assurer d'au moins <n> lignes de correspondance de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr ""
+"détecter des lignes nouvelles ou modifiées qui contiennent des erreurs "
+"d'espace"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignorer des modifications d'espace lors de la recherche de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "appliquer le patch en sens inverse"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "ne pas s'attendre à au moins une ligne de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "laisser les sections rejetées dans les fichiers *.rej correspondants"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "accepter les recouvrements de sections"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+"tolérer des erreurs de détection de retours chariot manquants en fin de "
+"fichier"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "ne pas se fier au compte de lignes dans les en-têtes de section"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "préfixer tous les noms de fichier avec <root>"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "ouverture impossible du patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "%d erreur d'espace ignorée"
+msgstr[1] "%d erreurs d'espace ignorées"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d ligne a ajouté des erreurs d'espace."
+msgstr[1] "%d lignes ont ajouté des erreurs d'espace."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "création impossible du fichier d'archive '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "impossible de rediriger la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive : Dépôt distant sans URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive : ACK/NACK attendu, EOF reçu"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive : NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "erreur distante : %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive : erreur de protocole"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive : vidage attendu"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect --helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "effectuer 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "mettre à jour BISECT_HEAD au lieu d'extraire le commit actuel"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<options>] [<options-de-révision>] [<rev>] [--] <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<options-de-révision> sont documentés dans git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "Assignation de blâme au lignes"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr ""
+"Montrer les éléments de blâme au fur et à mesure de leur découverte, de "
+"manière incrémentale"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Montrer un SHA-1 blanc pour les commits de limite (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Ne pas traiter les commits racine comme des limites (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Montrer les statistiques de coût d'activité"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Forcer l'affichage de l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Montrer le score de sortie pour les éléments de blâme"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Montrer les noms de fichier originaux (Défaut : auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Montrer les numéros de lignes originaux (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Afficher dans un format propice à la consommation par machine"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Afficher en format porcelaine avec l'information de commit par ligne"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Utiliser le même mode de sortie que git-annotate (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher les horodatages bruts (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher les longs SHA1 de commits (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Supprimer le nom de l'auteur et l'horodatage (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher l'e-mail de l'auteur au lieu du nom (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignorer les différences d'espace"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr ""
+"Dépenser des cycles supplémentaires pour trouver une meilleure correspondance"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+"Utiliser les révisions du fichier <fichier> au lieu d'appeler git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Utiliser le contenu de <fichier> comme image finale"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "score"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Trouver les copies de ligne dans et entre les fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Trouver les mouvements de ligne dans et entre les fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Traiter seulement l'intervalle de ligne n,m en commençant le compte à 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "il y a 10 ans et 11 mois"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<options] [-l] [-f] <nom-de-branche> [<point-de-départ>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <nom-de-branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr ""
+"git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<ancienne-branche>] <nouvelle-branche>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"suppression de la branche '%s' qui a été fusionnée dans\n"
+"         '%s', mais pas dans HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"branche '%s' non supprimée car elle n'a pas été fusionnée dans\n"
+"         '%s', même si elle est fusionnée dans HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rechercher l'objet commit pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche '%s' n'est pas totalement fusionnée.\n"
+"Si vous êtes sur que vous voulez la supprimer, lancez 'git branch -D %s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Échec de la mise à jour du fichier de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser -a avec -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de rechercher l'objet commit pour HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche '%s' extraite dans '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branche de suivi '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branche '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la suppression de la branche de suivi '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la suppression de la branche '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branche de suivi %s supprimée (précédemment %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branche %s supprimée (précédemment %s).\n"
+
+# féminin pour une branche
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: disparue]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s : en avance de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[en avance de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s : en avance de %d, en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[en avance de %d, en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** référence invalide ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche, rebasage de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche, bisect a démarré sur %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD détachée sur %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD détachée depuis %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "La branche %s est en cours de rebasage sur %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "La branche %s est en cours de bissection sur %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "impossible de renommer la branche actuelle, il n'y en a pas."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nom de branche invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Échec de renommage de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Renommage d'un branche mal nommée '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "La branche a été renommée en %s, mais HEAD n'est pas mise à jour !"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche est renommée, mais la mise à jour du fichier de configuration a "
+"échoué"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le modèle de description de branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Options génériques"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "afficher le hachage et le sujet, doublé pour la branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "supprimer les messages d'information"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "régler le mode de suivi (voir git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "modifier l'information amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "modifier l'information amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "utiliser la coloration dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "agir sur les branches de suivi distantes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches qui contiennent le commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Actions spécifiques à git-branch :"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "afficher à la fois les branches de suivi et les branches locales"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "supprimer une branche totalement fusionnée"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "supprimer une branche (même non fusionnée)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "déplacer/renommer une branche et son reflog"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "déplacer/renommer une branche, même si la cible existe"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "afficher les noms des branches"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "créer le reflog de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "éditer la description de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "forcer la création, le déplacement/renommage, ou la suppression"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches qui sont fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches qui ne sont pas fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "afficher les branches en colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "clé"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "nom du champ servant à trier"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objet"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de HEAD comme référence valide."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD non trouvée sous refs/heads !"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column et --verbose sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "le nom de branche est requis"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de décrire une HEAD détachée"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "impossible d'éditer la description de plus d'une branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Aucun commit sur la branche '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Aucune branche nommée '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour une opération de renommage"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour spécifier une branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de spécifier une branche amont de HEAD par %s qui ne pointe sur "
+"aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "pas de branche '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branche '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour désactiver un amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de désactiver une branche amont de HEAD quand elle ne pointe sur "
+"aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "La branche '%s' n'a aucune information de branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "créer manuellement 'HEAD' n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"les options -a et -r de 'git branch' n'ont pas de sens avec un nom de branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"l'option --set-upstream est obsolète et va disparaître. Utilisez plutôt --"
+"track ou --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si vous vouliez que '%s' suive '%s', faîtes ceci :\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s est correct\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "La création d'un colis requiert un dépôt."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Le dépaquetage d'un colis requiert un dépôt."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknow-type] | -s [--allow-unknow-type] | -e | -p "
+"| <type> | --textconv) <objet>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<type> peut être : blob, tree, commit ou tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "afficher le type de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "afficher la taille de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "sortir avec un code d'erreur nul quand il n'y a aucune erreur"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "afficher avec mise en forme le contenu de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "pour les objets blob, lancer textconv sur le contenu de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "autoriser -s et -t à travailler sur des objets cassés/corrompus"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "bufferiser la sortie de --batch"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher l'information et le contenu des objets passés en entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "afficher l'information des objets passés en entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr ""
+"suivre les liens symbolique internes à la copie de travail (utilisé avec --"
+"batch ou --batch-check)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "montrer tous les objets avec --batch ou --batch-check"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "afficher tous les attributs associés au fichier"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "utiliser .gitattributes seulement depuis l'index"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les noms de fichier depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr ""
+"terminer les enregistrements en entrée et en sortie par un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "supprimer l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "afficher les chemins en entrée qui ne correspondent pas"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignorer l'index pendant la vérification"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "impossible de spécifier les chemins avec --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z n'a de sens qu'avec l'option --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "aucun chemin spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet n'est valide qu'avec un seul chemin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "impossible d'avoir --quiet et --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching n'est valide qu'avec --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "lire aussi les contacts depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le contact : %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "aucun contact spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "stage doit valoir entre 1 et 3, ou all"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "extraire tous les fichiers présents dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "forcer l'écrasement des fichiers existants"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"pas d'avertissement pour les fichiers existants et les fichiers absents de "
+"l'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "ne pas extraire les nouveaux fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "mettre à jour l'information de stat dans le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "lire la liste des chemins depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "écrire le contenu dans des fichiers temporaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "chaîne"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "lors de la création de fichiers, préfixer par <chaîne>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "copier les fichiers depuis l'index nommé"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<options>] <branche>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<options>] [<branche>] -- <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas notre version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas leur version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a aucune des versions nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas les versions nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "chemin '%s' : impossible de fusionner"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter le résultat de fusion pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec des mises à jour de chemins"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de mettre à jour les chemins et basculer sur la branche '%s' en "
+"même temps."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "fichier d'index corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'est pas fusionné"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "vous devez d'abord résoudre votre index courant"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un reflog pour '%s' : %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD est maintenant sur"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Remise à zéro de la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Déjà sur '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement et remise à zéro de la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement sur la nouvelle branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement sur la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... et %d en plus.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Attention : vous abandonnez %d commit, non connecté à\n"
+"une branche :\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Attention : vous abandonnez %d commits, non connectés à\n"
+"une branche :\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Si vous souhaitez le garder en créant une nouvelle branche, c'est le bon "
+"moment\n"
+"pour le faire avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"git branch <nouvelle-branche> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Si vous souhaitez les garder en créant une nouvelle branche, c'est le bon "
+"moment\n"
+"pour le faire avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"git branch <nouvelle-branche> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "erreur interne lors du parcours des révisions"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "La position précédente de HEAD était sur"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Vous êtes sur une branche qui doit encore naître"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "une seule référence attendue, %d fournies."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "référence invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "la référence n'est pas un arbre : %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser des chemins avec un basculement de branches"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec un basculement de branches"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de basculer de branche vers '%s' qui n'est pas un commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "créer et extraire une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "créer/réinitialiser et extraire une branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "créer un reflog pour une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "détacher la HEAD à la validation nommée"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "paramétrer les coordonnées de branche amont pour une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "nouvelle branche sans parent"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extraire notre version pour les fichiers non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extraire leur version pour les fichiers non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "forcer l'extraction (laisser tomber les modifications locales)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "effectuer une fusion à 3 points avec la nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers ignorés (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "style"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "style de conflit (merge (fusion) ou diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "ne pas limiter les spécificateurs de chemins aux seuls éléments creux"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "réessayer d'interpréter 'git checkout <branche-inexistante>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr ""
+"ne pas vérifier si une autre copie de travail contient le référence fournie"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "forcer l'affichage de l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B et --orphan sont mutuellement exclusifs"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track requiert un nom de branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Nom de branche manquant ; essayez -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "spécification de chemin invalide"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de mettre à jour les chemins et de basculer sur la branche '%s' "
+"en même temps.\n"
+"Souhaitiez-vous extraire '%s' qui ne peut être résolu comme commit ?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach n'accepte pas un argument de chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force et --merge sont incompatibles lors\n"
+"de l'extraction de l'index."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <motif>] [-x | -X] [--] <chemins>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Supprimerait %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignore le dépôt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignorerait le dépôt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "échec de la suppression de %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Aide en ligne :\n"
+"1           - sélectionner un élément numéroté\n"
+"foo         - sélectionner un élément par un préfixe unique\n"
+"            - (vide) ne rien sélectionner"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Aide en ligne :\n"
+"1          - sélectionner un seul élément\n"
+"3-5        - sélectionner une plage d'éléments\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - sélectionner plusieurs plages\n"
+"foo        - sélectionner un élément par un préfixe unique\n"
+"-...       - désélectionner les éléments spécifiés\n"
+"*          - choisir tous les éléments\n"
+"           - (vide) terminer la sélection"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Hein (%s) ?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Entrez les motifs à ignorer>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "ATTENTION : Impossible de trouver les éléments correspondant à : %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Sélectionner les éléments à supprimer"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Supprimer %s [y/N] ? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Au revoir."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - démarrer le nettoyage\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclure des éléments par motif\n"
+"select by numbers   - sélectionner les éléments à supprimer par numéros\n"
+"ask each            - confirmer chaque suppression (comme \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - arrêter le nettoyage\n"
+"help                - cet écran\n"
+"?                   - aide pour la sélection en ligne"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Commandes ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Et maintenant ?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Supprimerait l'élément suivant :"
+msgstr[1] "Supprimerait les éléments suivants :"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Plus de fichier à nettoyer, sortie."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les noms des fichiers supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "forcer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "nettoyage interactif"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "supprimer les répertoires entiers"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "motif"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "ajouter <motif> aux règles ignore"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "supprimer les fichiers ignorés, aussi"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "supprimer seulement les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x et -X ne peuvent pas être utilisés ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce positionné à true et ni -i, -n ou -f fourni ; refus de "
+"nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce à true par défaut et ni -i, -n ou -f fourni ; refus de "
+"nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<options>] [--] <dépôt> [<répertoire>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "ne pas créer d'extraction"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "créer un dépôt nu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "créer un dépôt miroir (implique dépôt nu)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "pour cloner depuis un dépôt local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "ne pas utiliser de liens durs locaux, toujours copier"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "régler comme dépôt partagé"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initialiser les sous-modules dans le clone"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "nombre de sous-modules clonés en parallèle"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "répertoire-modèle"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "répertoire depuis lequel les modèles vont être utilisés"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "dépôt de référence"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "utiliser seulement --reference pour cloner"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "nom"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "utiliser <nom> au lieu de 'origin' pour suivre la branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "extraire <branche> au lieu de la HEAD du répertoire distant"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "chemin vers git-upload-pack sur le serveur distant"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667 builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "profondeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "créer un clone superficiel de cette profondeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "cloner seulement une branche, HEAD ou --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "tous les sous-modules clonés seront superficiels"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "séparer le répertoire git de la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "clé=valeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "régler la configuration dans le nouveau dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "n'utiliser que des adresses IPv4"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "n'utiliser que des adresses IPv6"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun nom de répertoire n'a pu être deviné\n"
+"Veuillez spécifier un répertoire dans la ligne de commande"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr ""
+"extraire le dépôt de référence '%s' comme une extraction liée n'est pas "
+"encore supporté."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "le dépôt de référence '%s' n'est pas un dépôt local."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "le dépôt de référence '%s' est superficiel"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "le dépôt de référence '%s' est greffé"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existe et n'est pas un répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "échec du stat de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la création du lien '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la copie vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "fait.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le clone a réussi, mais l'extraction a échoué.\n"
+"Vous pouvez inspecter ce qui a été extrait avec 'git status'\n"
+"et réessayer l'extraction avec 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la branche distante '%s' à cloner."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Vérification de la connectivité... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "le serveur distant n'a pas envoyé tous les objets nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"la HEAD distante réfère à une référence non existante, impossible de "
+"l'extraire.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "impossible d'extraire la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire les paramètres dans le fichier de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "impossible de remballer pour nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "impossible de unlinker le fichier temporaire alternates"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Trop d'arguments."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Vous devez spécifier un dépôt à cloner."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "les options --bare et --origin %s sont incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare et --separate-git-dir sont incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "le dépôt '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "la profondeur %s n'est pas un entier positif"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr ""
+"le chemin de destination '%s' existe déjà et n'est pas un répertoire vide."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "la copie de travail '%s' existe déjà."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer les répertoires de premier niveau dans '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire de la copie de travail '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonage dans le dépôt nu '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonage dans '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--depth est ignoré dans les clones locaux : utilisez plutôt \"file://\"."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "le dépôt source est superficiel, option --local ignorée"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local est ignoré"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Je ne sais pas cloner %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "La branche distante %s n'a pas été trouvée dans le dépôt amont %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Vous semblez avoir cloné un dépôt vide."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "rechercher les variables de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "mise en page à utiliser"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Largeur maximale"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace sur la bordure gauche"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace sur le côté droit"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace entre les colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command doit être le premier argument"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<options>] [--] <spécification-de-chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<options>] [--] <spécification-de-chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Votre nom et votre adresse e-mail ont été configurés automatiquement en se\n"
+"fondant sur votre nom d'utilisateur et le nom de votre machine. Veuillez \n"
+"vérifier qu'ils sont corrects. Vous pouvez supprimer ce message en les \n"
+"paramétrant explicitement. Lancez les commandes suivantes et suivez les\n"
+"instruction dans votre éditeur pour éditer votre fichier de configuration :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"Après ceci, vous pouvez corriger l'identité utilisée pour cette validation "
+"avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Votre nom et votre adresse e-mail ont été configurés automatiquement en se "
+"fondant\n"
+"sur votre nom d'utilisateur et le nom de votre machine. Veuillez vérifier "
+"qu'ils sont corrects.\n"
+"Vous pouvez supprimer ce message en les paramétrant explicitement :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Votre Nom\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email vous@exemple.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Après ceci, vous pouvez corriger l'identité utilisée pour ce commit avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez demandé de corriger le commit le plus récent, mais le faire le "
+"rendrait\n"
+"vide. Vous pouvez répéter votre commande avec --allow-empty, ou vous pouvez\n"
+"supprimer complètement le commit avec \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le picorage précédent est à présent vide, vraisemblablement dû à une "
+"résolution de conflit.\n"
+"Si vous souhaitez tout de même le valider, utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Sinon, veuillez utiliser 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous souhaitez sauter ce commit, utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Puis \"git cherry-pick --continue\" continuera le picorage \n"
+"des commits restants.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "échec du dépaquetage de l'objet arbre HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "impossible de créer l'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour l'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'arbre de cache principal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "impossible de faire une validation partielle pendant une fusion."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "impossible de faire une validation partielle pendant un picorage."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "entête d'auteur manquant dans le commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "le commit '%s' a une ligne d'auteur malformée"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "paramètre --author mal formé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "format de date invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de sélectionner un caractère de commentaire\n"
+"qui n'est pas utilisé dans le message de validation actuel"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "impossible de rechercher le commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(lecture du message de journal depuis l'entrée standard)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le journal depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le fichier de journal '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "impossible de lire SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "impossible de lire MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le modèle de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Il semble que vous validiez une fusion.\n"
+"Si ce n'est pas le cas, veuillez supprimer le fichier\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"et essayez à nouveau.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Il semble que vous validiez un picorage.\n"
+"Si ce n'est pas le cas, veuillez supprimer le fichier\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"et essayez à nouveau.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez saisir le message de validation pour vos modifications. Les lignes\n"
+"commençant par '%c' seront ignorées, et un message vide abandonne la "
+"validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez saisir le message de validation pour vos modifications. Les lignes\n"
+"commençant par '%c' seront conservées ; vous pouvez les supprimer vous-même\n"
+"si vous le souhaitez. Un message vide abandonne la validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sAuteur :     %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sDate :       %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sValidateur : %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la construction des arbres"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Veuillez fournir le message en utilisant l'option -m ou -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' n'est pas de la forme 'Nom <email>' ni ne correspond à aucun "
+"auteur existant"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Mode de fichier non suivi invalide '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long et -z sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "L'utilisation simultanée de --reset-author et --author n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Il n'y a rien à corriger."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en pleine fusion -- impossible de corriger (amend)."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en plein picorage -- impossible de corriger (amend)."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Les options --squash et --fixup ne peuvent pas être utilisées ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Une seule option parmi -c/-C/-F/--fixup peut être utilisée."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "L'option -m ne peut pas être combinée avec -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author ne peut être utilisé qu'avec -C, -c ou --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Une seule option parmi --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch peut "
+"être utilisée."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Aucun chemin avec les options --include/--only n'a pas de sens."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Malin... correction du dernier avec un index sale."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Chemins explicites spécifiés sans -i ni -o ; --only supposé..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Mode de nettoyage invalide %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Spécifier des chemins avec l'option -a n'a pas de sens."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "afficher le statut avec concision"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "afficher l'information de branche"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "sortie pour traitement automatique"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "afficher le statut en format long (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "terminer les éléments par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "mode"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les fichiers non suivis, \"mode\" facultatif : all (tous), normal, "
+"no. (Défaut : all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "quand"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorer les modifications dans les sous-modules, \"quand\" facultatif : all "
+"(tous), dirty (sale), untracked (non suivi). (Défaut : all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers non suivis en colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "impossible de retrouver le commit nouvellement créé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le commit nouvellement créé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD détachée"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (commit racine)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "supprimer le résumé après une validation réussie"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "afficher les diff dans le modèle de message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Options du message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "lire le message depuis un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "auteur"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "remplacer l'auteur pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "date"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "remplacer la date pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "message"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "réutiliser et éditer le message du commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "réutiliser le message du commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser un message au format autosquash pour corriger le commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser un message au format autosquash pour compresser le commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+"à présent je suis l'auteur de la validation (utilisé avec -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "ajouter une entrée Signed-off-by :"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de modèle spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "forcer l'édition du commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "défaut"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "comment éliminer les espaces et les commentaires # du message"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "inclure le statut dans le modèle de message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "signer la validation avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Valider les options des contenus"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "valider tous les fichiers modifiés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "ajouter les fichiers spécifiés à l'index pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "ajouter des fichiers en mode interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "ajouter les modifications en mode interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "valider seulement les fichiers spécifiés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet pre-commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "afficher ce qui serait validé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "corriger la validation précédente"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet post-rewrite"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "accepter d'enregistrer une modification vide"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "accepter d'enregistrer une modification avec un message vide"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le commit HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Fichier MERGE_HEAD corrompu (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "impossible de lire MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le message de validation : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Abandon de la validation ; vous n'avez pas édité le message\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Abandon de la validation du à un message de validation vide\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Le dépôt a été mis à jour, mais impossible d'écrire le fichier\n"
+"new_index. Vérifiez que le disque n'est pas plein ou que le quota\n"
+"n'a pas été dépassé, puis lancez \"git reset HEAD\" pour réparer."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Emplacement du fichier de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "utiliser les fichier de configuration global"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration du système"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration du dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "lire la configuration depuis l'objet blob fourni"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Action"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir la valeur : nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir toutes les valeurs : clé [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir les valeur pour la regexp : regex-de-nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "obtenir la valeur spécifique pour l'URL : section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"remplacer toutes les variables correspondant : nom valeur [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "ajouter une nouvelle variable : nom valeur"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "supprimer une variable : nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "supprimer toutes les correspondances nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "renommer une section : ancien-nom nouveau-nom"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "supprimer une section : nom"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "afficher tout"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "ouvrir un éditeur"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "trouver la couleur configurée : slot [par défaut]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "trouver le réglage de la couleur : slot [stdout-est-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Type"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "la valeur est \"true\" (vrai) ou \"false\" (faux)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "la valeur est un nombre décimal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "la valeur est --bool ou --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "la valeur est un chemin (vers un fichier ou un répertoire)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Autre"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminer les valeurs avec un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les noms de variable"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respecter les directives d'inclusion lors de la recherche"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher l'origine de la configuration (fichier, entrée standard, blob, "
+"ligne de commande)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "impossible de lire la valeur de couleur par défaut"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Ceci est le fichier de configuration personnel de Git.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Veuillez adapter et décommenter les lignes suivantes :\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "création impossible du fichier de configuration '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "affiche les tailles dans un format humainement lisible"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<options>] <commit ou apparenté>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "l'étiquette annotée %s n'est pas disponible"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "l'étiquette annotée %s n'a pas de nom embarqué"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "l'étiquette '%s' est en fait '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "%s n'est pas un nom d'objet valide"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s n'est pas un objet '%s' valide"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "aucune étiquette ne correspond parfaitement à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "recherche de la description de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "recherche terminée à %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucune étiquette annotée ne peut décrire '%s'.\n"
+"Cependant, il existe des étiquettes non-annotées : essayez avec --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucune étiquette ne peut décrire '%s'.\n"
+"Essayez --always, ou créez des étiquettes."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "%lu commits parcourus\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"plus de %i étiquettes ont été trouvées; seules les %i plus récentes sont "
+"affichées\n"
+"abandon de la recherche à %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "rechercher l'étiquette qui suit le commit"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "déboguer la stratégie de recherche sur stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "utiliser n'importe quelle référence"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "utiliser n'importe quelle étiquette, même non-annotée"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "toujours utiliser le format long"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "ne suivre que le premier parent"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les correspondances exactes"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr ""
+"considérer uniquement les <n> étiquettes le plus récentes (défaut : 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "ne considérer que les étiquettes correspondant à <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "afficher les objets commits abrégés en dernier recours"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "marque"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "ajouter <marque> si la copie de travail est sale (défaut : \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long et --abbrev=0 sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "aucun nom trouvé, impossible de décrire quoi que ce soit."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty est incompatible avec la spécification de commits ou assimilés"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s' : n'est pas un fichier régulier ni un lien symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "option invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Ce n'est pas un dépôt git !"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objet spécifié '%s' invalide."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "plus de deux blobs spécifiés : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objet non géré '%s' spécifié."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [options-de-liste-de-révisions]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "afficher la progression après <n> objets"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "sélectionner la gestion des étiquettes signées"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr ""
+"sélectionner la gestion des étiquettes qui pointent sur des objets filtrés"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Enregistrer les marques dans ce fichier"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "importer les marques depuis ce fichier"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "falsifier un auteur d'étiquette si l'étiquette n'en présente pas"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Afficher l'arbre complet pour chaque commit"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Utiliser la fonction \"done\" pour terminer le flux"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Sauter l'affichage de données de blob"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "spécificateur de référence"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Appliquer le spécificateur de référence aux références exportées"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "anonymise la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<options>] [<dépôt> [<spécification-de-référence>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<options>] <groupe>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<dépôt> | <groupe>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "récupérer depuis tous les dépôts distants"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "ajouter à .git/FETCH_HEAD au lieu de l'écraser"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "chemin vers lequel télécharger le paquet sur le poste distant"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "forcer l'écrasement de la branche locale"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "récupérer depuis plusieurs dépôts distants"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "récupérer toutes les étiquettes et leurs objets associés"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "ne pas récupérer toutes les étiquettes (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "nombre de sous-modules récupérés en parallèle"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"éliminer les branches de suivi distant si la branche n'existe plus dans le "
+"dépôt distant"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "à la demande"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "contrôler la récupération récursive dans les sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "conserver le paquet téléchargé"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "permettre la mise à jour de la référence HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "approfondir l'historique d'un clone superficiel"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "convertir en un dépôt complet"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "préfixer ceci à la sortie du chemin du sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "mode par défaut pour la récursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "accepter les références qui mettent à jour .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "correspondance de référence"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "spécifier une correspondance de référence pour la récupération"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "impossible de trouver la référence HEAD distante"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objet %s non trouvé"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[à jour]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (impossible de récupérer la branche actuelle)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[rejeté]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[mise à jour de l'étiquette]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (impossible de mettre à jour la référence locale)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle étiquette]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle branche]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle référence]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour la référence locale"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "mise à jour forcée"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(pas d'avance rapide)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s n'a pas envoyé tous les objets nécessaires\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+"%s rejeté parce que les racines superficielles ne sont pas mises à jour"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Depuis %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"des références locales n'ont pas pu être mises à jour ; essayez de lancer\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' pour supprimer des branches anciennes en conflit"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s sera en suspens)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s est devenu en suspens)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[supprimé]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(aucun(e))"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Refus de récupérer dans la branche courant %s d'un dépôt non nu"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "La valeur \"%2$s\" de l'option \"%1$s\" est invalide pour %3$s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "L'option \"%s\" est ignorée pour %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Je ne sais pas récupérer depuis %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Récupération de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de récupérer %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun dépôt distant spécifié. Veuillez spécifier une URL ou un nom\n"
+"distant depuis lesquels les nouvelles révisions devraient être récupérées."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Vous devez spécifier un nom d'étiquette."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth et --unshallow ne peuvent pas être utilisés ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow sur un dépôt complet n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all n'accepte pas d'argument de dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all n'a pas de sens avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "distant ou groupe distant inexistant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"La récupération d'un groupe et les spécifications de référence n'ont pas de "
+"sens"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <fichier>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "peupler le journal avec au plus <n> éléments depuis le journal court"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "alias pour --log (obsolète)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "texte"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "utiliser <texte> comme début de message"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "fichier d'où lire"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<motif>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--point-at <objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<objet>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<objet>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour les interpréteurs de commandes"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour compatibilité avec Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "n'afficher que <n> références correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "format à utiliser pour la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les références pointant sur l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les références qui sont fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les références qui ne sont pas fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les références qui contiennent le commit"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Vérification de la connectivité"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Vérification des répertoires d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<options>] [<objet>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets inaccessibles"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets en suspens"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "afficher les étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "signaler les nœuds racines"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "considérer les objets de l'index comme nœuds tête"
+
+# translated from man page
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "considérer les reflogs comme nœuds tête (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "inspecter aussi les objets pack et alternatifs"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "ne vérifier que la connectivité"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "activer une vérification plus strict"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "écrire les objets en suspens dans .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "afficher la progression"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Vérification des objets"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "%s invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "objet répertoire démentiellement long %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Le dernier lancement de gc a rapporter l'erreur suivante. Veuillez corriger\n"
+"la cause et supprimer %s.\n"
+"Le nettoyage automatique n'aura pas lieu jusqu'à ce que le fichier soit "
+"supprimé.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "éliminer les objets non référencés"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "être plus consciencieux (durée de traitement allongée)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "activer le mode auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+"forcer le lancement du ramasse-miettes même si un autre ramasse-miettes "
+"tourne déjà"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Compression automatique du dépôt en tâche de fond pour optimiser les "
+"performances.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Compression du dépôt pour optimiser les performances.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Voir \"git help gc\" pour toute information sur le nettoyage manuel.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"un ramasse-miettes est déjà en cours sur la machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> "
+"(utilisez --force si ce n'est pas le cas)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a trop d'objets seuls inaccessibles ; lancez 'git prune' pour les "
+"supprimer."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<options>] [-e] <motif> [<révision>...] [[--] <chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep : échec de création du fil: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "nombre de fils spécifié invalide (%d) pour %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'arbre (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un grep sur un objet de type %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "l'option '%c' attend un valeur numérique"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "rechercher dans l'index plutôt que dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "rechercher dans les contenus non gérés par git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "rechercher dans les fichiers suivis et non-suivis"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "ignorer les fichiers spécifiés via '.gitignore'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "afficher les lignes qui ne correspondent pas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "correspondance insensible à la casse"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "rechercher les motifs aux séparateurs de mots"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "traiter les fichiers binaires comme texte"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "ne pas chercher les motifs dans les fichiers binaires"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "traiter les fichiers binaires avec les filtres textconv"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "descendre au plus de <profondeur> dans l'arborescence"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières étendues POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières basiques POSIX (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "interpréter les motifs comme de chaînes fixes"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières compatibles avec Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "afficher les numéros de ligne"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "ne pas pas afficher les noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "afficher les noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "afficher les noms de fichiers relativement au répertoire de base"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les noms de fichiers au lieu des lignes correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "synonyme pour --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les noms des fichiers sans correspondance"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "imprimer une caractère NUL après le noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "afficher le nombre de correspondances au lieu des lignes correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "mettre en évidence les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+"imprimer une ligne vide entre les correspondances de fichiers différents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher le nom de fichier une fois au dessus des correspondances du même "
+"fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte avant et après les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte avant les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte après les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "utiliser <n> fils de travail"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "raccourci pour -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher une ligne avec le nom de la fonction avant les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "afficher la fonction contenante"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "lire les motifs depuis fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "rechercher <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "combiner les motifs spécifiés par -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+"indiquer des correspondances avec le code de sortie mais sans rien afficher"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"n'afficher que les correspondances de fichiers qui correspondent à tous les "
+"motifs"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "afficher l'arbre d'analyse pour le motif grep"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "pagineur"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers correspondant dans le pagineur"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "permettre l'appel de grep(1) (ignoré par ce build)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "aucun motif fourni."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "nombre de fils spécifié invalide (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager ne fonctionne que sur la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached ou --untracked ne peuvent pas être utilisés avec --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"--no-index ou --untracked ne peuvent pas être utilisés avec des révisions."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+"--[no-]exclude-standard ne peut pas être utilisé avec du contenu suivi."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "--cached et des arbres sont fournis en même temps."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<fichier> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "type"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "type d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "écrire l'objet dans la base de donnée d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "lire l'objet depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "stocker le fichier tel quel sans filtrage"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"juste hasher n'importe quel contenu pour créer des objets corrompus pour "
+"debugger Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "traiter le fichier comme s'il venait de ce chemin"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "afficher toutes les commandes disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "afficher une liste de guides utiles"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "afficher la page de manuel"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "afficher le manuel dans un navigateur web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "afficher la page info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<commande>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "format d'aide non reconnu '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "échec de démarrage d'emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "échec d'analyse de la version d'emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "la version d'emacsclient '%d' est trop ancienne (<22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de l'exécution de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' : chemin pour l'utilitaire de visualisation de manuel non supporté.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser plutôt 'man.<outil>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' : chemin pour l'utilitaire de visualisation de manuel supporté.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser plutôt 'man.<outil>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s' : visualiseur de manuel inconnu."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "aucun visualiseur de manuel n'a pris en charge la demande"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "aucun visualiseur de 'info' n'a pris en charge la demande"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Définition des attributs par chemin"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Git de tous les jours avec à peu près 20 commandes"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Un glossaire Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Spécifie les fichiers non-suivis à ignorer intentionnellement"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Définition des propriétés de sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Spécification des révisions et portées pour Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+"Une introduction pratique à Git (pour les versions 1.5.1 et supérieures)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Un aperçu des flux de travail recommandés avec Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Les guides Git populaires sont : \n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "usage : %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "`git %s\" est un alias de `%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "type d'objet non correspondant à %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "objet attendu non reçu %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "objet %s : type attendu %s, reçu %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "impossible de remplir %d octet"
+msgstr[1] "impossible de remplir %d octets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "fin de fichier prématurée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "erreur de lecture sur l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "plus d'octets utilisés que disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "le paquet est trop grand pour la définition actuelle de off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "la signature du paquet ne correspond pas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "la version de paquet %<PRIu32> non supportée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "le paquet a un mauvais objet à l'offset %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "la décompression (inflate) a retourné %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "dépassement de la valeur d'offset pour l'objet delta de base"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "l'objet delta de base est hors limite"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "type d'objet inconnu %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "impossible de lire (pread) le fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "fin prématurée du fichier paquet, %lu octet lu"
+msgstr[1] "fin prématurée du fichier paquet, %lu octets lus"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "grave incohérence dans la décompression (inflate)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "COLLISION SHA1 TROUVÉE AVEC %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet existant %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "objet blob invalide %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s invalide"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Erreur dans l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Tous les objets enfants de %s ne sont pas accessibles"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "échec d'application du delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Réception d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indexation d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "le paquet est corrompu (SHA1 ne correspond pas)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "impossible d'obtenir le statut (fstat) du fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "le paquet est invalide à la fin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "confusion extrême dans parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Résolution des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le fil : %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "confusion extrême"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "complété avec %d objet local"
+msgstr[1] "complété avec %d objets locaux"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+"Somme de contrôle de fin inattendue pour %s (corruption sur le disque ?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "le paquet a %d delta non résolu"
+msgstr[1] "le paquet a %d deltas non résolus"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "impossible de compresser l'objet ajouté (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "l'objet local %s est corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "erreur en fermeture du fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier \"keep\" '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer le fichier \"keep\" '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "impossible de stocker le fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "impossible de stocker le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "mauvais pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "pas de support des fils, ignore %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet existant '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet d'index existant pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "pas un delta : %d objet"
+msgstr[1] "pas un delta : %d objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "longueur chaînée = %d : %lu objet"
+msgstr[1] "longueur chaînée = %d : %lu objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "le nom de fichier paquet '%s' ne se termine pas par '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Impossible de revenir au répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "mauvais %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin ne peut pas être utilisé sans --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify sans nom de fichier paquet donné"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un stat de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un stat du modèle '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir (opendir) '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de readlink '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer un lien symbolique de '%s' '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de copier '%s' vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "modèle %s ignoré"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "modèles non trouvés %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "pas de copie des modèles depuis '%s' : %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "impossible de traiter le fichier de type %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer %s vers %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "Dépôt Git%2$s %1$s dans %3$s%4$s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "existant réinitialisé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "vide initialisé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " partagé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<répertoire-modèle>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<répertoire>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "permissions"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "spécifier que le dépôt git sera partagé entre plusieurs utilisateurs"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire (mkdir) %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "impossible de se déplacer vers le répertoire (chdir) %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (ou --work-tree=<répertoire>) n'est pas autorisé sans spécifier %s (ou --"
+"git-dir=<répertoire>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'accéder à l'arbre de travail '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<symbole>[(=|:)<valeur>])...] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "éditer les fichiers sur place"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "éliminer les lignes de fin vides"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "ligne de fin"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "ligne(s) de fin à ajouter"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "aucun fichier en entrée pour l'éditon sur place"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<options>] [<plage de révisions>] [[--] <chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<options>] <objet>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "option --decorate invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "supprimer la sortie des différences"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "afficher la source"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Utiliser le fichier de correspondance de mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "décorer les options"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Traiter seulement l'intervalle de lignes n,m du fichier en commençant le "
+"compte à 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Sortie finale : %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s : fichier incorrect"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'objet %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Type inconnu : %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers sans valeur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "le nom du répertoire de sortie est trop long"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier correctif %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Exactement une plage nécessaire."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Ceci n'est pas une plage."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "La lettre de motivation doit être au format e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "in-reply-to aberrant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<options>] [<depuis> | <plage de révisions>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Deux répertoires de sortie ?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Commit inconnu %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Impossible de résoudre '%s' comme une référence valide."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la base de fusion exacte."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de récupérer l'amont, si vous voulez enregistrer le commit de base automatiquement,\n"
+"veuillez utiliser git branch --set-upstream-to pour suivre une branche distante\n"
+"ou vous pouvez spécifier le commit de base par --base=<id-du-commit-de-base> manuellement."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la base de fusion exacte"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "le commit de base devrait être l'ancêtre de la liste de révisions"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "le commit de base ne devrait pas faire partie de la liste de révisions"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "impossible d'obtenir l'id du patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "utiliser [PATCH n/m] même avec un patch unique"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "utiliser [PATCH] même avec des patchs multiples"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "afficher les patchs sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "générer une lettre de motivation"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser une séquence simple de nombres pour les nom des fichiers de sortie"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "utiliser <sfx> au lieu de '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "démarrer la numérotation des patchs à <n> au lieu de 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "marquer la série comme une Nième réédition"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "utiliser [<préfixe>] au lieu de [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "stocker les fichiers résultats dans <répertoire>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "ne pas retirer/ajouter [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "ne pas imprimer les diffs binaires"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "écrire une empreinte à zéro dans l'entête From"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "ne pas inclure un patch correspondant à un commit amont"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "afficher le format du patch au lieu du défaut (patch + stat)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Communication"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "en-tête"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête d'e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête \"To:\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête \"Cc:\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"renseigner l'adresse From à <ident> (ou à l'ident du validateur si absent)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "id-message"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "répondre dans le premier message à <id-message>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "limite"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "attacher le patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "patch à l'intérieur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+"activer l'enfilage de message, styles : shallow (superficiel), deep (profond)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "signature"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "ajouter une signature"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "commit-de-base"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "Ajouter un arbre prérequis à la série de patchs"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "ajouter une signature depuis un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les noms de fichiers des patchs"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n et -k sont mutuellement exclusifs."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix et -k sont mutuellement exclusifs."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "sortie standard, ou répertoire, lequel ?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "lecture du fichier de signature '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Échec de création des fichiers en sortie"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<branche_amont> [<head> [<limite>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de trouver une branche distante suivie, merci de spécifier "
+"<branche_amont> manuellement.\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<options>] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identifier le statut de fichier avec les étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "utiliser des minuscules pour les fichier 'assumés inchangés'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers mis en cache dans la sortie (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers supprimés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers modifiés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les autres fichiers dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers ignorés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les nom des objets indexés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les fichiers du système de fichiers qui ont besoin d'être supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms des répertoires 'other'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "afficher les fins de lignes des fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les répertoires vides"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers non fusionnés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "afficher l'information resolv-undo"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "sauter les fichiers correspondant au motif"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "les motifs d'exclusion sont lus depuis <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "lire des motifs d'exclusion additionnels par répertoire dans <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "ajouter les exclusions git standard"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "afficher en relatif par rapport au répertoire racine du projet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "si un <fichier> n'est pas dans l'index, traiter cela comme une erreur"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "arbre ou apparenté"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"considérer que les chemins supprimés depuis <arbre ou apparenté> sont "
+"toujours présents"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "afficher les données de débogage"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<dépôt> [<références>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les URL distantes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "exécutable"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "chemin vers git-upload-pack sur le serveur distant"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "limiter aux étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "limiter aux heads"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les étiquettes pelées"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "prendre en compte url.<base>.insteadOf"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr ""
+"sortir avec un code d'erreur 2 si aucune correspondance de référence n'est "
+"trouvée"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "afficher la réf sous-jacente en plus de l'objet pointé par elle"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<options>] <arbre ou apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les arbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "parcourir les sous-arbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "afficher les arbres en les parcourant"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminer les éléments avec un octet NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "inclure la taille d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms de fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "utiliser les noms de chemins complets"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher l'arbre entier ; pas seulement le répertoire courant (implique --"
+"full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<options>] <message> HEAD <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "le commutateur `m' a besoin d'une valeur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la stratégie de fusion '%s'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les stratégies disponibles sont :"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les stratégies personnalisées sont :"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher un diffstat à la fin de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "afficher un diffstat à la fin de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(synonyme de --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"ajouter (au plus <n>) éléments du journal court au message de validation de "
+"la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "créer une validation unique au lieu de faire une fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "effectuer une validation si la fusion réussit (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "éditer le message avant la validation"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "autoriser l'avance rapide (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "abandonner si l'avance rapide n'est pas possible"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Vérifier que la validation a une signature GPG valide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "stratégie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "stratégie de fusion à utiliser"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "option=valeur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "option pour la stratégie de fusion sélectionnée"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"message de validation de la fusion (pour une fusion sans avance rapide)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "abandonner la fusion en cours"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "permettre la fusion d'historiques sans rapport"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "impossible de lancer le remisage."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "échec du remisage"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "pas un objet valide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (rien à compresser)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Validation compressée -- HEAD non mise à jour\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Écriture de SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Finition de SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Pas de message de fusion -- pas de mise à jour de HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Mauvaise chaîne branch.%s.mergeoptions : %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de gérer autre chose que la fusion de deux têtes."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Options inconnue pour merge-recursive : -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire depuis '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de validation de la fusion ; utilisez 'git commit' pour terminer la "
+"fusion.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez entrer un message de validation pour expliquer en quoi cette fusion "
+"est\n"
+"nécessaire, surtout si cela fusionne une branche amont mise à jour dans une "
+"branche de sujet.\n"
+"\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront ignorées, et un message vide\n"
+"abandonne la validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Message de validation vide."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Merveilleux.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusion automatique a échoué ; réglez les conflits et validez le "
+"résultat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas une validation"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche distante pour la branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche amont par défaut définie pour la branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Pas de branche de suivi pour %s depuis %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Il n'y a pas de fusion à abandonner (MERGE_HEAD manquant)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas terminé votre fusion (MERGE_HEAD existe).\n"
+"Veuillez valider vos modifications avant de pouvoir fusionner."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas terminé votre picorage (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existe).\n"
+"Veuillez valider vos modifications avant de pouvoir fusionner."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas terminé votre picorage (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existe)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Vous ne pouvez pas combiner --squash avec --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de validation spécifiée et merge.defaultToUpstream n'est pas défini."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "La validation compressée vers une tête vide n'est pas encore supportée"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Une validation sans avance rapide n'a pas de sens dans une tête vide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - pas possible de fusionner ceci"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Possible de fusionner exactement une seule validation dans une tête vide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La validation %s a une signature GPG non fiable, prétendument par %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La validation %s a une mauvaise signature GPG prétendument par %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "La validation %s n'a pas de signature GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "La validation %s a une signature GPG correcte par %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "refus de fusionner des historiques sans relation"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Mise à jour %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Essai de fusion vraiment triviale dans l'index...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Non.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Pas possible d'avancer rapidement, abandon."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Retour de l'arbre à l'original...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Essai de la stratégie de fusion %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Aucune stratégie de fusion n'a pris en charge la fusion.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "La fusion avec la stratégie %s a échoué.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Utilisation de %s pour préparer la résolution à la main.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusion automatique a réussi ; stoppée avant la validation comme demandé\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <validation>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <validation> <validation>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <référence> [<validation>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "afficher tous les ancêtres communs"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "trouver les ancêtres pour une fusion simple à n points"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "afficher les révisions inaccessibles depuis les autres"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "est le premier ancêtre de l'autre ?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "trouver où <validation> a divergé du reflog de <référence>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <nom1> [-L <orig> [-L <nom2>]]] <fichier1> "
+"<fichier-orig> <fichier2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "envoyer les résultats sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "utiliser une fusion basée sur diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser notre version (our)"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser leur version (their)"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser l'ensemble des versions"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser cette taille de marqueur"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "ne pas avertir à propos des conflits"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "définir les labels pour fichier1/fichier-orig/fichier2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "l'entrée se termine par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "autoriser les objets manquants"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "autoriser la création de plus d'un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Le répertoire %s est dans l'index et pourtant aucun sous-module ?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez indexer vos modifications de .gitmodules ou les remiser pour "
+"continuer"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s est dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "forcer le déplacement/renommage même si la cible existe"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "sauter les erreurs de déplacement/renommage"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "la destination '%s' n'est pas un répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Vérification du renommage de '%s' en '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "mauvaise source"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer un répertoire dans lui-même"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer un répertoire sur un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "le répertoire source est vide"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "pas sous le contrôle de version"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "la destination existe"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "écrasement de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écraser"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "multiples sources pour la même destination"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "le répertoire de destination n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Renommage de %s en %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "le renommage de '%s' a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<options>] <validation>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms (pas de SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "utiliser seulement les étiquettes pour nommer les validations"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "utiliser seulement les références correspondant à <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher toutes les validations accessibles depuis toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "lire depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "autoriser l'affichage des noms `non définis` (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "déréférencer les étiquettes en entrée (usage interne)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] [list [<object>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références-notes>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <message> "
+"| -F <fichier> | (-c | -C) <objet>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références-notes>] copy [-f] <depuis-objet> <vers-objet>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références-notes>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <message> | -"
+"F <fichier> | (-c | -C) <objet>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] edit [--allow-empty] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] show [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références-notes>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <stratégie> ] "
+"<références-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] remove [<objet>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<objet>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<options>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<options>] <depuis-objet> <vers-objet>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<depuis-objet> <vers-objet>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<options>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<options>] <références-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de démarrer 'show' pour l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "impossible de lire la sortie de 'show'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de finir 'show' pour l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le fichier '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Veuillez fournir le contenu de la note en utilisant l'option -m ou -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire l'objet note"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Le contenu de la note a été laissé dans %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir ou lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'objet '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire les informations de note d'un objet non-blob '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "trop de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Pas de note trouvée pour l'objet %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "contenu de la note sous forme de chaîne"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "contenu de la note dans un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "réutiliser et éditer l'objet de note spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "réutiliser l'objet de note spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "permettre de stocker une note vide"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "remplacer les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'ajouter des notes. Des notes ont été trouvées pour l'objet %s. "
+"Utilisez '-f' pour écraser les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Écrasement des notes existantes pour l'objet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de la note pour l'objet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les objets depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"charger la configuration de réécriture pour <commande> (implique --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "pas assez de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de copier des notes. Des notes ont été trouvées pour l'objet %s. "
+"Utilisez '-f' pour écraser les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Notes manquantes sur l'objet source %s. Impossible de copier."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Les options -m/-F/-c/-C sont obsolètes pour la sous-commande 'edit'.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' à la place.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Options générales"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Options de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"résoudre les conflits de notes en utilisant la stratégie donnée (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Validation des notes non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "finaliser la fusion de notes en validant les notes non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Abandon de la résolution de fusion des notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "abandonner la fusion de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "Une fusion de notes dans %s est déjà en cours avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "L'objet %s n'a pas de note\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr ""
+"la tentative de suppression d'une note non existante n'est pas une erreur"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "lire les noms d'objet depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "références-notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "utiliser les notes depuis <références-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Sous-commande inconnue : %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< <liste-références> | < <liste-"
+"objets>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< <liste-références> | < <liste-"
+"objets>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "erreur de compression (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr "désactivation de l'écriture en bitmap, les fichiers paquets sont scindés à cause de pack.packSizeLimit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Écriture des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"désactivation de l'écriture en bitmap car certains objets ne sont pas "
+"compressés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Compression des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "version d'index non supportée %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "mauvaise version d'index '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher la barre de progression"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "afficher la barre de progression"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "afficher la barre de progression durant la phase d'écrite des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "similaire à --all-progress quand la barre de progression est affichée"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"écrire le fichier d'index du paquet dans le format d'index de version "
+"spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "taille maximum de chaque fichier paquet en sortie"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignorer les objets empruntés à un autre magasin d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignorer les objets empaquetés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "limiter la fenêtre d'empaquetage par objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"limiter la fenêtre d'empaquetage par mémoire en plus de la limite d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"longueur maximum de la chaîne de delta autorisée dans le paquet résultant"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "réutiliser les deltas existants"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "réutiliser les objets existants"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "utiliser les objets OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser des fils lors de la recherche pour une meilleurs correspondance des "
+"deltas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "ne pas créer un paquet vide"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "lire les paramètres de révision depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "limiter les objets à ceux qui ne sont pas encore empaquetés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "inclure les objets accessibles depuis toute référence"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "inclure les objets référencés par les éléments de reflog"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "inclure les objets référencés par l'index"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "afficher l'empaquetage sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "inclure les objets d'étiquettes qui réfèrent à des objets à empaqueter"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "garder les objets inaccessibles"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "heure"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "dépaqueter les objets inaccessibles plus récents que <heure>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "créer des paquets légers"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "créer des paquets permettant des récupérations superficielles"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignorer les paquets qui ont un fichier .keep"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "niveau de compression du paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "ne pas cacher les validations par greffes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser un index en bitmap si disponible pour accélerer le décompte des "
+"objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "écrire un index en bitmap associé à l'index de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Décompte des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "empaqueter tout"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "éliminer les références perdues (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Suppression des objets dupliqués"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <heure>] [--] [<head>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "ne pas supprimer, afficher seulement"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets éliminés"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "faire expirer les objets plus vieux que <heure>"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "impossible de nettoyer dans un dépôt d'objets précieux"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [<options>] [<dépôt> [<spécification-de-référence>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "Options relatives à la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "incorporer les modifications en rebasant plutôt qu'en fusionnant"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "autoriser l'avance rapide"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "vérifier que le commit nommé a une signature GPG valide"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "remiser avant et réappliquer après le rebasage automatiquement"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "Options relatives au rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "nombre de sous-modules tirés en parallèle"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide pour pull.ff : %s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de tirer avec rebasage. Vous avez des modifications non indexées."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "De plus, votre index contient des modifications non validées."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de tirer avec rebasage : votre index contient des modifications "
+"non validées."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Il n'y a pas de candidate sur laquelle rebaser parmi les références que vous "
+"venez de récupérer."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Il n'y a pas de candidate avec laquelle fusionner parmi les références que "
+"vous venez de récupérer."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+"Généralement, cela signifie que vous avez indiqué un spécificateur\n"
+"de référence joker qui n'a pas eu de correspondance sur le serveur distant."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez demandé de tirer depuis le dépôt distant '%s', mais sans indiquer\n"
+"la branche. Comme ce n'est pas le dépôt distant par défaut dans la "
+"configuration\n"
+"pour la branche actuelle, vous devez spécifier la branche avec la commande."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "Vous n'êtes actuellement sur aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "Veuillez spécifier sur quelle branche vous souhaiter rebaser."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "Veuillez spécifier une branche avec laquelle fusionner."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "Référez-vous à git-pull(1) pour de plus amples détails."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "<distant>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "<branche>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "Pas d'information de suivi distant pour la branche actuelle."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr "Si vous souhaitez indiquer l'information de suivi distant pour cette branche, vous pouvez le faire avec :"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Votre information de configuration indique de fusionner avec la référence "
+"'%s'\n"
+"du serveur distant, mais cette référence n'a pas été récupérée."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "l'option --[no-]autostash n'est valide qu'avec --rebase."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr ""
+"Mise à jour d'une branche non encore créée avec les changements ajoutés dans "
+"l'index."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"la récupération a mis à jour la tête de la branche actuelle.\n"
+"avance rapide de votre copie de travail\n"
+"depuis le commit %s."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Avance rapide de votre arbre de travail impossible.\n"
+"Après vous être assuré que toute modification précieuse a été sauvegardée "
+"avec\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"lancez\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"pour régénérer."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "Impossible de fusionner de multiples branches sur une tête vide."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "Impossible de rebaser sur de multiples branches."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<options>] [<dépôt> [<spécification-de-référence>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "raccourci d'étiquette sans <étiquette>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete accepte seulement des noms entiers de références cibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Pour choisir l'option de manière permanente, voir push.default dans 'git "
+"help config'."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche amont de votre branche courante ne correspond pas\n"
+"au nom de votre branche courante.  Pour pousser vers la branche amont\n"
+"sur le serveur distant, utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Pour pousser vers la branche du même nom sur le serveur distant, utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'êtes actuellement sur aucune branche.\n"
+"Pour pousser l'historique menant à l'état actuel (HEAD détachée),\n"
+"utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<nom-de-la-branche-amont>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche courante %s n'a pas de branche amont.\n"
+"Pour pousser la branche courante et définir la distante comme amont, "
+"utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche courante %s a de multiples branches amont, impossible de pousser."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes en train de pousser vers la branche distante '%s', qui n'est\n"
+"pas une branche amont de votre branche courante '%s', sans me dire\n"
+"quoi pousser pour mettre à jour quelle branche amont."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas spécifié de spécifications de référence à pousser, et push."
+"default est \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche courante est "
+"derrière\n"
+"son homologue distant. Intégrez les changements distants (par exemple 'git "
+"pull ...')\n"
+"avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche courante est "
+"derrière\n"
+"son homologue distant. Extrayez cette branche et intégrez les changements "
+"distants\n"
+"(par exemple 'git pull ...') avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la branche distante contient du "
+"travail que\n"
+"vous n'avez pas en local. Ceci est généralement causé par un autre dépôt "
+"poussé\n"
+"vers la même référence. Vous pourriez intégrer d'abord les changements "
+"distants\n"
+"(par exemple 'git pull ...') avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car l'étiquette existe déjà dans la "
+"branche distante."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous ne pouvez pas mettre à jour une référence distante qui pointe sur un "
+"objet qui\n"
+"n'est pas un commit, ou mettre à jour une référence distante pour la faire "
+"pointer\n"
+"vers un objet qui n'est pas un commit, sans utiliser l'option '--force'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Poussée vers %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de pousser des références vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "mauvais dépôt '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de destination pour pousser.\n"
+"Spécifiez une URL depuis la ligne de commande ou configurez un dépôt distant "
+"en utilisant\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <nom> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"et poussez alors en utilisant le dépôt distant\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <nom>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all et --tags sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all ne peut pas être combiné avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror et --tags sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror ne peut pas être combiné avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all et --mirror sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "pousser toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "refléter toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "supprimer les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+"pousser les étiquettes (ne peut pas être utilisé avec --all ou --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "forcer les mises à jour"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "nom de référence>:<attendu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "exiger que l'ancienne valeur de la référence soit à cette valeur"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "contrôler la poussée récursive des sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "utiliser un empaquetage léger"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "recevoir le programme d'empaquetage"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "définir la branche amont pour git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "éliminer les références locales supprimées"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet pre-push"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "pousser les étiquettes manquantes mais pertinentes"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "signer la poussée avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "demande une transaction atomique sur le serveur distant"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete est incompatible avec --all, --mirror et --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete n'a pas de sens sans aucune référence"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --"
+"prefix=<préfixe>) [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-"
+"sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<fichier>] (--empty | <arbre ou apparenté "
+"1> [<arbre ou apparenté 2> [<arbre ou apparenté 3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "écrire l'index résultant dans <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "juste vider l'index"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "effectuer une fusion en plus d'une lecture"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "fusion à 3 points si aucune fusion de niveau fichier n'est requise"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "fusion à 3 points en présence d'ajouts et suppressions"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "comme -m, mais annule les éléments non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<sous-répertoire>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "lire l'arbre dans l'index dans <sous-répertoire>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "mettre à jour la copie de travail avec le résultat de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "autoriser explicitement les fichiers ignorés à être écrasés"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "ne pas vérifier la copie de travail après la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "ne pas mettre à jour l'index ou la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "sauter l'application du filtre d'extraction creuse"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "déboguer unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack <répertoire-git>"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "quiet"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "Vous devez spécifier un répertoire."
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' pour '%s' n'est pas un horodatage valide"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un horodatage valide"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <branche>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <nom> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <ancienne> <nouvelle>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branche>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<groupe> | "
+"<distante>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <nom> <nouvelle-URL> [<ancienne-URL>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <nom> <nouvelle-URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<options>] <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<options>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<options>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<options>] [<groupe> | <distante>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Mise à jour de %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror est dangereux et obsolète ; merci\n"
+"\t d'utiliser --mirror=fetch ou --mirror=push à la place"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument miroir inconnu : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "rapatrier les branches distantes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr ""
+"importer toutes les étiquettes et les objets associés lors du rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "ou ne rapatrier aucune étiquette (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "branche(s) à suivre"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "branche maîtresse"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"paramétrer la distante comme miroir pour pousser ou pour rapatrier depuis"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "spécifier une branche maîtresse n'a pas de sens avec --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"spécifier les branches à suivre n'a de sens qu'avec des miroirs de "
+"rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "la distante %s existe déjà."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom valide de distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer la maîtresse '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'obtenir une correspondance distante pour la spécification de "
+"référence %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(correspond)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(supprimer)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Distante inconnue : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de renommer la section de configuration '%s' en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de mise à jour du refspec de rapatriement qui n'est pas par défaut\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tVeuillez mettre à jour la configuration manuellement si nécessaire."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de suppression de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de création de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Note : Une branche en dehors de refs/remotes/ n'a pas été supprimée ;\n"
+"pour la supprimer, utilisez :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Note : Plusieurs branches en dehors de refs/remotes/ n'ont pas été "
+"supprimées ;\n"
+"pour les supprimer, utilisez :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la section de configuration '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " nouveau (le prochain rapatriement (fetch) stockera dans remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " suivi"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " dépassé (utilisez 'git remote prune' pour supprimer)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "branch.%s.merge invalide ; ne peut pas rebaser sur plus d'une branche"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "rebase de manière interactive sur la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " fusionne avec la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    et avec la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "fusionne avec la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   et avec la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "créer"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "supprimer"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "à jour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "peut être mis à jour en avance rapide"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "le local n'est pas à jour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s force vers %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s pousse vers %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s force vers %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s pousse vers %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "ne pas interroger les distantes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL de rapatriement : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(pas d'URL)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL push : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Branche HEAD : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Branche HEAD (la HEAD distante est ambiguë, peut être l'une des "
+"suivantes) :\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Branche distante :%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Branches distantes :%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (statut non demandé)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Branche locale configurée pour 'git pull' :"
+msgstr[1] "  Branches locales configurées pour 'git pull' :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Les références locales seront reflétées par 'git push'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Référence locale configurée pour 'git push'%s :"
+msgstr[1] "  Références locales configurées pour 'git push'%s :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "définir refs/remotes/<nom>/HEAD selon la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "supprimer refs/remotes/<nom>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de déterminer la HEAD distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a de multiples branches HEAD distantes. Veuillez en choisir une "
+"explicitement avec :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Référence non valide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s se retrouvera en suspens !"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s se retrouve en suspens !"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Élimination de %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [serait éliminé] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [éliminé] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "éliminer les distants après le rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Pas de serveur remote '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "ajouter une branche"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "pas de serveur distant spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "interroger les URLs de poussée plutôt que les URLs de récupération"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "retourner toutes les URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "aucune URL configurée pour le dépôt distant '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipuler les URLs push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "ajouter une URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "supprimer des URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete n'a aucun sens"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Motif d'URL ancien invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Pas d'URL trouvée : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Pas de suppression de toutes les URLs non-push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "être verbeux : doit être placé avant une sous-commande"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "empaqueter tout dans un seul paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "identique à -a et transformer les objets inaccessibles en suspens"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "supprimer les paquets redondants et lancer git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --no-reuse-delta à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --no-reuse-object à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "ne pas lancer git update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --local à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "écrire un index en bitmap"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "date approximative"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "avec -A, ne pas suspendre les objets plus vieux que celui-ci"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "taille de la fenêtre utilisée pour la compression des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "octets"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"idem ci-dessus, mais limiter la taille mémoire au lieu du nombre d'éléments"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "limite la profondeur maximale des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "taille maximum de chaque fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "réempaqueter les objets dans des paquets marqués avec .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer les paquets dans un dépôt d'objets précieux"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "la suppression de '%s' a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objet> <remplacement>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <objet>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objet>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<motif>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nom d'objet invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "mauvaise étiquette de fusion dans le commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "étiquette de fusion malformée dans le commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"le commit original '%s' contient l'étiquette de fusion '%s' qui a disparu ; "
+"utilisez --edit au lieu de --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "le commit original '%s' contient une signature GPG."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "la signature sera éliminée dans la validation de remplacement !"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le commit de remplacement pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "afficher les références de remplacement"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "supprimer les références de remplacement"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "éditer l'objet existant"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "Modifier les parents d'un commit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "remplacer la référence si elle existe"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "afficher sans mise en forme pour --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "utiliser ce format"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr ""
+"git rerere [clear | forget <chemin>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "enregistrer des résolutions propres dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <arbre ou apparenté> [--] <chemins>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<arbre ou apparenté>] [--] [<chemins>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "soft"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "hard"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "merge"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "keep"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas une HEAD valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver l'arbre pour HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver l'arbre pour %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD est maintenant à %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un \"reset %s\" au milieu d'une fusion."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "être silencieux, afficher seulement les erreurs"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD et l'index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "réinitialiser seulement HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD, l'index et la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD mais garder les changements locaux"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+"enregistrer seulement le fait que les chemins effacés seront ajoutés plus "
+"tard"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de '%s' comme une révision valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de '%s' comme un arbre valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch est incompatible avec --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed avec des chemins est obsolète ; utilisez 'git reset -- <paths>' à la "
+"place."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un \"%s reset\" avec des chemins."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "Le \"%s reset\" n'est pas permis dans un dépôt nu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N ne peut être utilisé qu'avec --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Modifications non indexées après reset :"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de réinitialiser le fichier d'index à la révision '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "rev-list ne supporte l'affichage des notes"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<arguments>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "garder le `--` passé en argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "arrêt de l'analyse après le premier argument qui n'est pas une option"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "sortie en forme longue fixée"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<arguments>...]\n"
+"   ou : git rev-parse --sq-quote [<argument>...]\n"
+"   ou : git rev-parse [options] [<argument>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Lancez \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" pour plus d'information sur "
+"l'utilisation principale."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<options>] <commit ou apparenté>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <sous-commande>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit ou apparenté>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <sous-commande>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s : %s ne peut pas être utilisé avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "mettre fin au retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "reprendre le retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "annuler le retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "ne pas valider automatiquement"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "éditer le message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "numéro de parent"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "stratégie de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "option"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "option pour la stratégie de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "ajouter le nom de validation"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "préserver les validations vides initialement"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "autoriser les validations avec des messages vides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "garder les validations redondantes, vides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "erreur du programme"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "revert a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "le picorage a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<options>] [--] <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"le sous-module suivant (ou un de ses sous-modules imbriqués)\n"
+"utilise un répertoire .git :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"les sous-modules suivants (ou un de leurs sous-modules imbriqués)\n"
+"utilisent un répertoire .git :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez 'rm -rf' si vous voulez vraiment le supprimer en incluant tout son "
+"historique)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"le fichier suivant a du contenu indexé différent\n"
+"du fichier et de HEAD :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"les fichiers suivants ont du contenu indexé différent\n"
+"du fichier et de HEAD :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "le fichier suivant a des changements indexés :"
+msgstr[1] "les fichiers suivants ont des changements indexés :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez --cached pour garder le fichier, ou -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "le fichier suivant a des modifications locales :"
+msgstr[1] "les fichiers suivants ont des modifications locales :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les fichiers supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "supprimer seulement de l'index"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "outrepasser la vérification des fichiers à jour"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "autoriser la suppression récursive"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "sortir avec un statut zéro même si rien ne correspondait"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "pas de suppression récursive de '%s' sans -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm : impossible de supprimer %s"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<hôte>:]<répertoire> "
+"[<référence>...]\n"
+"  --all et la spécification explicite de <référence> sont mutuellement "
+"exclusifs."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "nom distant"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "utiliser un protocole RPC sans état"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les références depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "afficher les messages du greffon de protocole distant"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<options>] [<intervalle-révisions>] [[--] [<chemin>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "trier la sortie sur le nombre de validations par auteur"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr ""
+"Supprimer les descriptions de validation, fournit seulement le nombre de "
+"validations"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Afficher l'adresse e-mail de chaque auteur"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Couper les lignes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<quand>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rév> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<référence>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "afficher les branches de suivi distantes et les branches locales"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "afficher les branches de suivi distantes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "couleur '*!+-' correspondant à la branche"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "afficher <n> validations de plus après l'ancêtre commun"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "synonyme de more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "supprimer les chaînes de nommage"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inclure la branche courante"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "nommer les validations avec leurs noms d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "afficher les bases possibles de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "afficher les références inaccessibles depuis toute autre référence"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "afficher les validations dans l'ordre topologique"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher seulement les validations qui ne sont pas sur la première branche"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "afficher les fusions accessibles depuis une seule pointe"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "tri topologique, maintenant l'ordre par date si possible"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les <n> plus récents éléments de ref-log en commençant à la base"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<motif>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<motif>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes (peut être combiné avec heads)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les têtes (peut être combiné avec tags)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"vérification de référence plus stricte, nécessite un chemin de référence "
+"exact"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "afficher la référence HEAD, même si elle serait filtrée"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "déréférencer les étiquettes en IDs d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "afficher seulement le hachage SHA1 en utilisant <n> chiffres"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"ne pas afficher les résultats sur la sortie standard (pratique avec --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les références de l'entrée standard qui ne sont pas dans le dépôt "
+"local"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr ""
+"sauter et supprimer toutes les lignes commençant par le caractère de "
+"commentaire"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "ajouter devant chaque ligne le caractère de commentaire et un espace"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "Référence inexistante : %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "Nom de référence complet attendu, %s obtenu"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer un composant de l'URL '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "ancre alternative pour les chemins relatifs"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<chemin>] [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "URL non trouvée pour le chemin de sous-module '%s' dans .gitmodules"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Échec d'enregistrement de l'URL pour le chemin de sous-module '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Sous-module '%s' (%s) enregistré pour le chemin '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "attention : nous vous suggérons de spécifier une commande de mode de mise à jour pour le sous-module '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Échec d'enregistrement du mode de mise à jour pour le chemin de sous-module '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "Supprimer la sortie lors de l'initialisation d'un sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper init [<chemin>]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper <nom> <chemin>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de mise en correspondance du sous-module trouvé dans .gitmodules pour le "
+"chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "emplacement où le sous-module sera cloné"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "nom du nouveau sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "URL depuis laquelle cloner le sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "profondeur de l'historique des clones superficiels"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<chemin>] [--quiet] [--reference <dépôt>] [--name <nom>] [--depth <profondeur>]  --url <url> --path <chemin>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Le clonage de '%s' dans le chemin de sous-module '%s' a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir le fichier '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer le fichier %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire de sous-module pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "Le chemin de sous-module '%s' n'est pas initialisé"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "Vous voudriez sûrement utiliser 'update --init' ?"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "Sous-module non fusionné %s non traité"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "Sous-module '%s' non traité"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "chemin dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr "chemin dans la copie de travail, traversant les frontières de sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr "valeurs possibles : rebase, merge, checkout ou none"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr "Créer un clone superficiel tronqué au nombre de révisions spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "jobs parallèles"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher la progression du clonage"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<chemin>] [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "valeur invalide pour la mise à jour du paramètre"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "la sous-commande submodule--helper doit être appelée avec une sous-commande"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas une sous-commande valide de submodule--helper"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<options>] nom [<référence>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"supprimer le message d'erreur pour une référence non symbolique (détachée)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "supprimer la référence symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "raccourcir l'affichage de la référence"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "raison"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "raison de la mise à jour"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <id-clé>] [-f] [-m <message> | -F <file>] <nom-"
+"étiquette> [<head>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <nométiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <objet>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<motif>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <nométiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "nom d'étiquette trop long : %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "étiquette '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Étiquette '%s' supprimée (elle était sur %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Écrivez un message pour l'étiquette :\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront ignorées.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Écrivez un message pour l'étiquette :\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront gardées ; vous pouvez les retirer vous-"
+"même si vous le souhaitez.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "impossible de signer l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "mauvais type d'objet."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "en-tête d'étiquette trop gros."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "pas de message pour l'étiquette ?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Le message pour l'étiquette a été laissé dans %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "afficher les noms des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "affiche <n> lignes de chaque message d'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "supprimer des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "vérifier des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Options de création de l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "étiquette annotée, nécessite un message"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "message pour l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "étiquette annotée et signée avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "utiliser une autre clé pour signer l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "remplacer l'étiquette si elle existe"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "créer un reflog"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Options d'affichage des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "afficher la liste des étiquettes sous forme de colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes qui contiennent la validation"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes qui sont fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes qui ne sont pas fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column et -n sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option -n est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option --contains est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option --points-at est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "les options --merged et --no-merged ne sont autorisées qu'avec -l"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "une seule option -F ou -m est autorisée."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "trop de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom d'étiquette valide."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "l'étiquette '%s' existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Étiquette '%s' mise à jour (elle était sur %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Dépaquetage des objets"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "échec de la création du répertoire %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "échec du stat de %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "échec de la création du fichier %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "échec de la suppression du fichier %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "échec de la suppression du répertoire %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "Test du mtime dans '%s' "
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr ""
+"l'information de stat du répertoire ne change pas après ajout d'un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+"l'information de stat du répertoire ne change pas après ajout d'un répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr ""
+"l'information de stat du répertoire change après mise à jour d'un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr ""
+"l'information de stat du répertoire change après l'ajout d'un fichier dans "
+"un sous-répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr ""
+"l'information de stat du répertoire ne change pas après la suppression d'un "
+"fichier<"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr ""
+"l'information de stat du répertoire ne change pas après la suppression d'un "
+"répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " OK"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "continuer de rafraîchir même si l'index a besoin d'une mise à jour"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "rafraîchir : ignorer les sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ne pas ignorer les nouveaux fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "laisser les fichiers remplacer des répertoires et vice-versa"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "aviser des fichiers manquants dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "rafraîchir même si l'index contient des éléments non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "rafraîchir l'information de stat"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "comme --refresh, mais en ignorant l'option assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<mode>, <objet>, <chemin>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "ajouter l'élément spécifié dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "outrepasser le bit exécutable pour les fichiers listés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "marquer les fichiers comme \"non changeants\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "mettre à zéro le bit supposé-non-modifié"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "marquer les fichiers comme \"index seulement\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "mettre à zéro le bit sauter-la-copie-de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"ajouter seulement à l'index ; ne pas ajouter le contenu dans la base de "
+"données des objets"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"supprimer les chemins nommés même s'ils sont présents dans la copie de "
+"travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "avec --stdin : les lignes en entrée sont terminées par des octets nuls"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "lire la liste des chemins à mettre à jour depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "ajouter les éléments depuis l'entrée standard à l'index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "repeupler les étapes n°2 et n°3 pour les chemins listés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "mettre à jour seulement les éléments qui diffèrent de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignorer les fichiers manquants dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "afficher les actions sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(pour porcelaines) oublier les conflits sauvés et non résolus"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "écrire l'index dans ce format"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "activer ou désactiver l'index divisé"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "activer ou désactiver le cache de non-suivis"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "tester si le système de fichier supporte le cache de non-suivis"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr "activer le cache de non-suivis sans tester le système de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "Le cache non suivi est désactivé"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "Le cache non suivi est activé pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<options>] -d <nom-référence> [<ancienne-valeur>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git update-ref [<options>]    <nom-référence> <nouvelle-valeur> [<ancienne-"
+"valeur>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "supprimer la référence"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "mettre à jour <nomréférence> et non la référence pointée par lui"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "l'entrée standard a des arguments qui se terminent par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les mises à jour depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers d'information à partir de zéro"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "afficher le contenu du commit"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "afficher les messages bruts de gpg"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "verbeux"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les statistiques"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <étiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "afficher le contenu de l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<options>] <chemin> [<branche>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "Suppression de worktrees/%s : répertoire invalide"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "Suppression de worktrees/%s : le fichier gitdir n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+"Suppression de worktrees/%s : echec de la lecture du fichier gitdir (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "Suppression de worktrees/%s : fichier gitdir invalide"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr ""
+"Suppression de worktrees/%s : le fichier gitdir point sur un endroit "
+"inexistant"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la suppression de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "'%s' existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "Préparation de %s (identifiant %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"extraire la <branche> même si elle est déjà extraite dans une autre copie de "
+"travail"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "créer une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "créer ou réinitialiser une branche"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "détacher la HEAD au commit nommé"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "remplissage de la nouvelle copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B et --detach sont mutuellement exclusifs"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<préfixe>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<préfixe>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "écrire l'objet arbre pour un sous-répertoire <préfixe>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "seulement utile pour le débogage"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "afficher les messages de debug sur stderr"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' et 'git help -g' listent les sous-commandes disponibles et\n"
+"quelques concepts. Voir 'git help <commande>' ou 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"pour en lire plus à propos d'une commande spécifique ou d'un concept."
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "L'épinglage de clé publique n'est pas supporté avec cuRL < 7.44.0"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "démarrer une zone de travail (voir aussi : git help tutorial)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr ""
+"travailler sur la modification actuelle (voir aussi : git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "examiner l'historique et l'état (voir aussi : git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "agrandir, marquer et modifier votre historique"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "collaborer (voir aussi : git help workflows)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Ajouter le contenu de fichiers dans l'index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Trouver par recherche binaire la modification qui a introduit un bogue"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Lister, créer ou supprimer des branches"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "Basculer de branche ou restaurer la copie de travail"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Cloner un dépôt dans un nouveau répertoire"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Enregistrer les modifications dans le dépôt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Afficher les changements entre les validations, entre validation et copie de "
+"travail, etc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Télécharger les objets et références depuis un autre dépôt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Afficher les lignes correspondant à un motif"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Créer un dépôt Git vide ou réinitialiser un existant"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Afficher l'historique des validations"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Fusionner deux ou plusieurs historiques de développement ensemble"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Déplacer ou renommer un fichier, un répertoire, ou un lien symbolique"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Rapatrier et intégrer un autre dépôt ou une branche locale"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Mettre à jour les références distantes ainsi que les objets associés"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "Réapplication des commits sur le sommet de l'autre base"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Réinitialiser la HEAD courante à l'état spécifié"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Supprimer des fichiers de la copie de travail et de l'index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Afficher différents types d'objets"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Afficher le statut de la copie de travail"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+"Créer, lister, supprimer ou vérifier un objet d'étiquette signé avec GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "date-d'expiration"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "sans action (rétrocompatibilité)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "être plus verbeux"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "être plus silencieux"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "utiliser <n> chiffres pour afficher les SHA-1s"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"met à jour l'index avec les résolutions de conflit réutilisées si possible"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Vous devez démarrer avec \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Souhaitez-vous que je le fasse pour vous [Y/n] ? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "option inconnue : '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' ne semble être une révision valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Mauvaise HEAD - j'ai besoin d'une HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"L'extraction de '$start_head' a échoué. Essayez 'git bisect reset <branche-"
+"valide>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "refus de bissecter sur un arbre 'cg-seeked'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Mauvaise HEAD - référence symbolique douteuse"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Mauvais argument pour bisect_write : $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Mauvaise révision en entrée : $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Veuillez appeler 'bisect_state' avec au moins un argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Mauvaise révision en entrée : $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' n'accepte qu'un seul argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "Attention : bissection avec seulement une validation $TERM_BAD."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Êtes-vous sûr [Y/n] ? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez me donner au moins une révision $bad_syn et une révision "
+"$good_syn.\n"
+"(Vous pouvez utiliser \"git bisect $bad_syn\" et \"git bisect $good_syn\" "
+"pour cela.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez démarrer avec \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Puis vous devez me donner au moins une révision $good_syn et une révision "
+"$bad_syn.\n"
+"(Vous pouvez utiliser \"git bisect $bad_syn\" et \"git bisect $good_syn\" "
+"pour cela.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Pas de bissection en cours."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' n'est pas une validation valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Échec d'extraction de la HEAD d'origine '$branch'.\n"
+"Essayez 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Pas de fichier de log donné"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "impossible de lire $file pour rejouer"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? de quoi parlez-vous ?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "lancement de $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"la bissection a échoué :\n"
+"le code retour $res de '$command' est < 0 ou >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "la bissection ne peut plus continuer"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"la bissection a échoué :\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' a retourné le code erreur $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "succès de la bissection"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "veuillez utiliser deux termes différents"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "'$term' n'est pas un terme valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser la commande incluse '$term' comme terme"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "impossible de modifier la signification du terme '$term'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr ""
+"Commande invalide : vous êtes actuellement dans une bissection $TERM_BAD/"
+"$TERM_GOOD."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "aucun terme défini"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"argument invalide $arg pour 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Les options supportées sont : --term-good|--term-old et --term-bad|--term-"
+"new."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsque vous aurez résolu ce problème, lancez \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez \"git rebase --skip\" à la place.\n"
+"Pour extraire la branche d'origine et stopper le rebasage, lancez \"git "
+"rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Autoremisage appliqué."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Impossible de stocker $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"L'application de l'autoremisage a provoqué des conflits\n"
+"Vos  modifications sont à l'abri dans la remise.\n"
+"Vous pouvez lancer \"git stash pop\" ou \"git stash drop\" à tout moment.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Le crochet pre-rebase a refusé de rebaser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Il semble que git-am soit en cours. Impossible de rebaser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Pas de rebasage en cours ?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"L'action --edit-todo peut seulement être utilisée lors d'un rebasage "
+"interactif."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez éditer tous les conflits de fusion et\n"
+"les marquer comme résolus avec git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Impossible de revenir à $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Il semble qu'il y ait déjà un répertoire $state_dir_base, et je me demande\n"
+"si un autre rebasage n'est pas déjà en cours. Si c'est le cas,\n"
+"essayez\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Sinon, essayez\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"puis relancez-moi à nouveau.  Je m'arrête au cas où vous auriez quelque "
+"chose\n"
+"d'important ici."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "invalide $upstream_name en amont"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name : il y a plus d'une base de fusion"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name : il n'y a pas de base de fusion"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Ne pointe pas sur une validation valide : $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal : pas de branche : $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Autoremisage impossible"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Autoremisage créé : $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Veuillez les valider ou les remiser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "La branche courante $branch_name est à jour."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "La branche courante $branch_name est à jour, rebasage forcé."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Changements de $mb sur $onto :"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Premièrement, rembobinons head pour rejouer votre travail par-dessus..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name mise à jour en avance rapide sur $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear avec des paramètres n'est pas implémenté"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas encore la validation initiale"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'état courant de l'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'état courant de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Aucun changement sélectionné"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer l'index temporaire (ne peut pas se produire)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Impossible d'enregistrer l'état de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour $ref_stash avec $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"erreur: option inconnue pour 'stash save': $option\n"
+"        Pour fournir un message, utilisez git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Pas de modifications locales à sauver"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Impossible d'initialiser le remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver le statut courant"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer les changements de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "option inconnue : $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Pas de remisage trouvé."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Trop de révisions spécifiées : $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference n'est pas une référence valide"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' n'est pas une validation de type remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' n'est pas une référence de remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "impossible de rafraîchir l'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Impossible d'appliquer un remisage en cours de fusion"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Conflits dans l'index. Essayez sans --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauvegarder l'arbre d'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Impossible de désindexer les fichiers modifiés"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "L'index n'a pas été sorti de remise."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} supprimé ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Impossible de supprimer l'élément de stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Aucune branche spécifiée"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Pour les restaurer tapez \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Un chemin relatif ne peut être utilisé que depuis la racine de la copie de "
+"travail"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "L'URL de dépôt '$repo' doit être absolu ou commencer par ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existe déjà dans l'index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Le chemin suivant est ignoré par un de vos fichiers .gitignore :\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Utilisez -f si vous voulez vraiment l'ajouter."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Ajout du dépôt existant à '$sm_path' dans l'index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existe déjà et n'est pas un dépôt git valide"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Un répertoire git pour '$sm_name' est trouvé en local avec le(s) serveur(s) "
+"distant(s) :"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous voulez réutiliser ce répertoire git local au lieu de cloner à "
+"nouveau depuis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"utilisez l'option '--force'. Si le répertoire local git n'est pas le dépôt "
+"correct"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"ou vous ne savez pas ce que cela signifie de choisir un autre nom avec "
+"l'option '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Réactivation du répertoire git local pour le sous-module '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'extraire le sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'ajout du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'enregistrement du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Entrée dans '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Arrêt sur '$displaypath' ; le script a retourné un statut non nul."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "un spécificateur de chemin et --all sont incompatibles"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Utilisez '--all' si vous voulez vraiment réinitialiser tous les sous-modules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath' contient un répertoire .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(utilisez 'rm -rf' si vous voulez vraiment le supprimer en incluant tout son "
+"historique)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath' contient des modifications "
+"locales ; utilisez '-f' pour les annuler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Répertoire '$displaypath' nettoyé"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de supprimer la copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire vide du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Le sous-module '$name' ($url) n'est pas enregistré pour le chemin "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de trouver la révision courante dans le chemin de sous-module "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rapatrier dans le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rapatrier dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'extraire '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : '$sha1' extrait"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de rebaser '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : rebasé dans '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de fusionner '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : fusionné dans '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "L'exécution de '$command $sha1' a échoué dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Échec de parcours dans le chemin du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "L'option --cached ne peut pas être utilisée avec l'option --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "mode $mod_dst inattendu"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas la validation $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas la validation $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas les validations $sha1_src et "
+"$sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec de parcours dans le chemin du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synchronisation de l'URL sous-module pour '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "Référez-vous à git-${cmd}(1) pour de plus amples détails."
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "'%s' : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "impossible d'accéder à '%s' : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for reading: %s"
+#~ msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en lecture : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for writing: %s"
+#~ msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s : %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Veuillez indexer vos modifications de .gitmodules ou remisez-les pour "
+#~ "continuer"
+
+#~ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de vérifier l'étiquette '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to remove: %s"
+#~ msgstr "échec de la suppression de %s"
+
+#~ msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+#~ msgstr "L'option --exec doit être utilisée avec l'option --interactive"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+#~ "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' non initialisé\n"
+#~ "Peut-être souhaitez-vous utiliser 'update --init' ?"
+
+#~ msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Reporter les validations locales sur le sommet mis à jour d'une branche "
+#~ "amont"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse format"
+#~ msgstr "impossible d'analyser le format"
+
+#~ msgid "improper format entered align:%s"
+#~ msgstr "format non convenable align:%s"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+#~ msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer core.worktree dans %s"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+#~ "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+#~ "and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+#~ "to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+#~ "behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+#~ "remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+#~ "information.\n"
+#~ "(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+#~ "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "push.default n'est pas défini ; sa valeur implicite a changé dans Git "
+#~ "2.0\n"
+#~ "de 'matching' vers 'simple'. Pour supprimer ce message et maintenir\n"
+#~ "le comportement actuel après la modification de la valeur de défaut, "
+#~ "utilisez :\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Pour supprimer ce message et adopter le nouveau comportement maintenant, "
+#~ "utilisez :\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Quand push.default vaudra 'matching', git poussera les branches locales\n"
+#~ "sur les branches distantes qui existent déjà avec le même nom.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Depuis Git 2.0, Git utilise par défaut le comportement plus conservatif "
+#~ "'simple'\n"
+#~ "qui ne pousse la branche courante que vers la branche distante "
+#~ "correspondante\n"
+#~ "que 'git pull' utilise pour mettre à jour la branche courante.\n"
+#~ " \n"
+#~ "Voir 'git help config' et chercher 'push.default' pour plus "
+#~ "d'information.\n"
+#~ "(le mode 'simple' a été introduit dans Git 1.7.11. Utilisez le mode "
+#~ "similaire\n"
+#~ "'current' au lieu de 'simple' si vous utilisez de temps en temps "
+#~ "d'anciennes versions de Git)"
+
+#~ msgid "check|on-demand|no"
+#~ msgstr "check|on-demand|no"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "Missing author: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Auteur manquant : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Testing "
+#~ msgstr "Test en cours "
+
+#~ msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "impossible de rechercher l'utilisateur actuel dans le fichier de mots de "
+#~ "passe : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "no such user"
+#~ msgstr "utilisateur inconnu"
+
+#~ msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+#~ msgstr "la branche '%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#~ msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+#~ msgstr "l'objet '%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#~ msgid "some refs could not be read"
+#~ msgstr "des références n'ont pas pu être lues"
+
+#~ msgid "print only merged branches"
+#~ msgstr "afficher seulement les branches fusionnées"
+
+#~ msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+#~ msgstr "--dissociate est spécifié, mais --reference est absent"
+
+#~ msgid "show usage"
+#~ msgstr "afficher l'usage"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+#~ msgstr "nom de modèle démentiellement long %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+#~ msgstr "lien symbolique démentiellement long %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+#~ msgstr "chemin de modèle %s démentiellement long"
+
+#~ msgid "insane git directory %s"
+#~ msgstr "répertoire git démentiel %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "spécification de tri non supportée '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "spécification de tri non supportée '%s' dans le variable '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+#~ msgstr "le commutateur 'points-at' a besoin d'un objet"
+
+#~ msgid "sort tags"
+#~ msgstr "trier les étiquettes"
+
+#~ msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "--sort et -n sont incompatibles"
+
+#~ msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le répertoire Git '$a' fait partie du chemin de sous-module '$b' ou vice-"
+#~ "versa"
+
+#~ msgid "false|true|preserve"
+#~ msgstr "false|true|preserve"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+#~ msgstr "BUG: réouverture d'un fichier verrou déjà ouvert"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+#~ msgstr "BUG: réouverture d'un fichier verrou validé"
+
+#~ msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+#~ msgstr "l'option %s n'accepte pas de valeur négative"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+#~ msgstr "impossible d'analyser la valeur '%s' pour l'option %s"
+
+#~ msgid "-b and -B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "-b et -B sont mutuellement exclusifs"
+
+#~ msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+#~ msgstr "Vous devez d'abord définir vos informations de validateur"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+#~ "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort"
+#~ "\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Lorsque vous aurez résolu ce problème, lancez \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+#~ "Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez \"$cmdline --skip\" à la place.\n"
+#~ "Pour restaurer la branche d'origine et stopper le patchage, lancez "
+#~ "\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#~ msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+#~ msgstr "Le format de patch $patch_format n'est pas supporté."
+
+#~ msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+#~ msgstr "Décidez-vous. --skip ou --abort ?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+#~ "If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le patch est vide.  Était-il mal découpé ?\n"
+#~ "Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez plutôt \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+#~ "Pour restaurer la branche d'origine et stopper le patchage, lancez "
+#~ "\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#~ msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+#~ msgstr "Le patch n'a pas d'adresse e-mail valide."
+
+#~ msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "Application : $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "Le patch a échoué à $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+#~ "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+#~ "as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le tirage n'est pas possible car vous avez des fichiers non fusionnés.\n"
+#~ "Veuillez les corriger dans votre copie de travail, utiliser alors 'git "
+#~ "add/rm <fichier>'\n"
+#~ "si nécessaire pour marquer comme résolu et valider."
+
+#~ msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le pull n'est pas possible car vous avez des fichiers non fusionnés."
+
+#~ msgid "no branch specified"
+#~ msgstr "aucune branche spécifiée"
+
+#~ msgid "check a branch out in a separate working directory"
+#~ msgstr "extraire une branche dans un répertoire de travail séparé"
+
+#~ msgid "prune .git/worktrees"
+#~ msgstr "éliminer .git/worktrees"
+
+#~ msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+#~ msgstr "Les commandes git les plus utilisées sont :"
+
+#~ msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Branche inconnue : '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+#~ msgstr "Impossible de créer le lien git %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "gc.pruneexpire invalide : '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "(detached from %s)"
+#~ msgstr "(détaché de %s)"
+
+#~ msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Aucun auteur existant trouvé avec '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "search also in ignored files"
+#~ msgstr "rechercher aussi dans les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branche>)"
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "aucun fichier ajouté"
+
+#~ msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+#~ msgstr "forcer la création (même si la cible existe)"
+
+#~ msgid "slot"
+#~ msgstr "emplacement"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+#~ msgstr "Échec du verrouillage de la référence pour mise à jour"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write ref"
+#~ msgstr "Échec de l'écriture de la référence"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock HEAD during fast_forward_to"
+#~ msgstr "Échec du verrouillage de HEAD pendant l'avance rapide"
+
+#~ msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+#~ msgstr "commit invalide : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de verrouiller la référence HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour la référence HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de déterminer le répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s : impossible de verrouiller la référence"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s : impossible de mettre à jour la référence"
+
+#~ msgid "commit has empty message"
+#~ msgstr "le commit a un message vide"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Échec de chdir: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Suivi de branche non paramétré : le nom est trop long : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de trouver .gitmodules dans l'index"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "échec de la lecture du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "échec de stat du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "suppression du .gitmodules dans l'index impossible"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "échec de l'ajout du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "bogue"
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", derrière "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+#~ "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+#~ "anymore.\n"
+#~ "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+#~ "directory.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le comportement de 'git add %s (ou %s)' sans argument de chemin depuis "
+#~ "un\n"
+#~ "sous-répertoire du projet va changer dans Git 2.0 et ne doit plus être "
+#~ "utilisé.\n"
+#~ "Pour ajouter le contenu de toute l'arborescence, lancez :\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (ou git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Pour restreindre la commande au répertoire courant, lancez :\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (ou git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Avec la version actuelle de Git, la commande est restreinte au répertoire "
+#~ "courant.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you "
+#~ "removed.\n"
+#~ "Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+#~ "removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+#~ "  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Vous avez lancé 'git add' sans '-A (--all)' ni '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "dont le comportement va changer dans Git 2.0 avec le respect des chemins "
+#~ "que vous supprimez.\n"
+#~ "Les chemins tels que '%s' qui ont été\n"
+#~ "retirés de votre copie de travail sont ignorés avec cette version de "
+#~ "Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <chemin>', qui est l'option par défaut "
+#~ "actuelle,\n"
+#~ "  ignore les chemins que vous avez supprimés de votre copie de travail.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <chemin>' permet d'enregistrer aussi les suppressions.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Lancez 'git status' pour vérifier les chemins que vous avez supprimés de "
+#~ "votre copie de travail.\n"
+
+#~ msgid "key id"
+#~ msgstr "identifiant de clé"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+#~ "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Compression automatique du dépôt pour une performance optimum. Vous "
+#~ "pouvez aussi\n"
+#~ "lancer \"git gc\" manuellement. Voir \"git help gc\" pour plus "
+#~ "d'information.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+#~ "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+#~ "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration "
+#~ "variable\n"
+#~ "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche poussée est "
+#~ "derrière\n"
+#~ "son homologue distant. Si vous ne vouliez pas pousser cette branche, vous "
+#~ "pourriez\n"
+#~ "vouloir spécifier les branches à pousser ou définir la variable de "
+#~ "configuration\n"
+#~ "'push.default' à 'simple', 'current' ou 'upstream' pour pousser seulement "
+#~ "la branche courante."
+
+#~ msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#~ msgstr "supprimé :  %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "modifié :   %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "renommé :   %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "non fus. :  %s"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "les chemins en entrée sont terminés par le caractère nul"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr "Abandon. Utilisez l'option --force ou --include-untracked."
diff --git a/po/git.pot b/po/git.pot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9be5dfebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/git.pot
@@ -0,0 +1,11991 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"Language: \n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=INTEGER; plural=EXPRESSION;\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549 builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989 builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459 builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398
+#: builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134
+#: builtin/pull.c:193 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:645 builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/it.po b/po/it.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9080219446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/it.po
@@ -0,0 +1,5367 @@
+# Italian translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Marco Paolone <marcopaolone@gmail.com>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-08 10:20+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-06-14 14:13+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Marco Paolone <marcopaolone@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Italian\n"
+"Language: it\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "suggerimento: %.*s\n"
+
+#.
+#. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
+#. * other commands doing a merge do.
+#.
+#: advice.c:70
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
+"and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
+"appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
+"or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:36
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "header non riconosciuto: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile aprire '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:140
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:550 sequencer.c:982 builtin/log.c:289
+#: builtin/log.c:720 builtin/log.c:1309 builtin/log.c:1528 builtin/merge.c:347
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:290
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:296 builtin/log.c:1205 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "argomento non riconosciuto: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "il ref '%s' è escluso dalle opzioni di rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:376
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:394
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:412
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile creare '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:437
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: commit.c:48
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile analizzare %s"
+
+#: commit.c:50
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s non è un commit!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "memoria esaurita"
+
+#: connected.c:39
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile eseguire 'git-rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:48
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "scrittura nella rev-list non riuscita: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:56
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "in futuro"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu secondo fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu secondi fa"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu un minuto fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu minuti fa"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu ora fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu ore fa"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu giorno fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu giorni fa"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu settimana fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu settimane fa"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu mese fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu mesi fa"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu anno"
+msgstr[1] "%lu anni"
+
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, %lu mese fa"
+msgstr[1] "%s, %lu mesi fa"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu anno fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu anni fa"
+
+#: diff.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
+msgstr "  Parametro dirstat '%.*s' sconosciuto\n"
+
+#: diff.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Trovati errori nella variabile di configurazione 'diff.dirstat':\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:1400
+msgid " 0 files changed\n"
+msgstr " 0 file modificati\n"
+
+#: diff.c:1404
+#, c-format
+msgid " %d file changed"
+msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+msgstr[0] " %d file modificato"
+msgstr[1] " %d file modificati"
+
+#: diff.c:1421
+#, c-format
+msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+msgstr[0] ", %d inserzione(+)"
+msgstr[1] ", %d inserzioni(+)"
+
+#: diff.c:1432
+#, c-format
+msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+msgstr[0] ". %d rimozione(-)"
+msgstr[1] ", %d rimozioni(-)"
+
+#: diff.c:3478
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Analisi del parametro dell'opzione --dirstat/-X non riuscita:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "non è stato possibile eseguire gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:71
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg non ha accettato i dati"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:82
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg non è riuscito a firmare i dati"
+
+#: grep.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': impossibile leggere %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1337
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1348
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "comandi git disponibili in '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "comandi git disponibili altrove nel tuo $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' sembra essere un comando git, ma non è stato\n"
+"possibile eseguirlo. Forse git-%s è corrotto?"
+
+#: help.c:327
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Oh oh. Il tuo sistema non riporta alcun comando Git."
+
+#: help.c:349
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "automaticamente tra %0.1f secondi..."
+
+#: help.c:361
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: '%s' non è un comando git. Vedi 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:365
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Intendevi questo?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Intendevi uno di questi?"
+
+#: parse-options.c:493
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "   uso: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "oppure: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: remote.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Il tuo branch è avanti rispetto a '%s' di %d commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Il tuo branch è avanti rispetto a '%s' di %d commit.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1635
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: remote.c:1643
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:121 builtin/merge.c:865 builtin/merge.c:978
+#: builtin/merge.c:1088 builtin/merge.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile aprire '%s' per la scrittura"
+
+#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:868
+#: builtin/merge.c:1090 builtin/merge.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile scrivere su '%s'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:144
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"dopo aver risolto i conflitti, segna i path corretti\n"
+"con 'git add <path>' o 'git rm <path>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:147
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"dopo aver risolto i conflitti, segna i path corretti\n"
+"con 'git add <path>' o 'git rm <path>' ed eseguire\n"
+"il commit del risultato con 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:160 sequencer.c:758 sequencer.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile scrivere su %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:178
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Le tue modifiche locali verranno sovrascritte da cherry-pick"
+
+#: sequencer.c:180
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Le tue modifiche locali verranno sovrascritte da revert."
+
+#: sequencer.c:183
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: impossibile scrivere il nuovo index file"
+
+#: sequencer.c:261
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile risolvere il commit HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:282
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile analizzare il commit %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:398
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+msgstr "Non hai un HEAD valido"
+
+#: sequencer.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Il commit %s è un merge ma non è stata specificata l'opzione -m."
+
+#: sequencer.c:421
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:425
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:436
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Impossibile ottenere il messaggio di commit per %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile eseguire il revert di %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:525
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile applicare %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:553
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "è stato passato un set di commit vuoto"
+
+#: sequencer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: lettura di index non riuscita"
+
+#: sequencer.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: aggiornamento di index non riuscito"
+
+#: sequencer.c:624
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile analizzare la riga %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:651
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Nessun commit analizzato."
+
+#: sequencer.c:664
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile aprire %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:703
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Chiave non valida: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:706
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valore non valido per %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:739
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "è già in corso un'operazione di cherry-pick o di revert"
+
+#: sequencer.c:740
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "prova \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | -- abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:760 sequencer.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:779 sequencer.c:913
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "nessuna operazione di cherry-pick o revert in corso"
+
+#: sequencer.c:781
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "impossibile risolvere HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:783
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:805 builtin/apply.c:3697
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "fine del file inattesa"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1000
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il revert come commit iniziale"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1001
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:864
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD non punta ad un branch"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nessun branch esistente: '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:869
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Nessun upstream configurato per il branch '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:872
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "impossibile trovare l'utente corrente nel file passwd: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:414
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "utente non esistente"
+
+#: wt-status.c:135
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:141 wt-status.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:143 wt-status.c:160
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:144
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (usa \"git add/rm <file>...\" come appropriato per la risoluzione)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:152
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:170
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:174
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:176
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:179
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s files:"
+msgstr "%s file:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:191
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:208
+msgid "bug"
+msgstr "bug"
+
+#: wt-status.c:213
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "entrambi eliminati:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:214
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "aggiunto da noi:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:215
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "eliminato da loro:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "aggiunto da loro:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:217
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "eliminato da noi:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:218
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "entrambi aggiunti:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:219
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "entrambi modificati:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:249
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "nuovi commit, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:251
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "contenuto modificato, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:253
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file:   %s"
+msgstr "nuovo file:   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+msgstr "copiato:     %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted:    %s"
+msgstr "eliminato:    %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+#, c-format
+msgid "modified:   %s"
+msgstr "modificato:   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:279
+#, c-format
+msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+msgstr "rinominato:    %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+#, c-format
+msgid "typechange: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown:    %s"
+msgstr "sconosciuto:    %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+#, c-format
+msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:737
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Sul branch "
+
+#: wt-status.c:744
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Commit iniziale"
+
+#: wt-status.c:769
+msgid "Untracked"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:771
+msgid "Ignored"
+msgstr "Ignorato"
+
+#: wt-status.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:775
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:781
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica"
+
+#: wt-status.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
+msgstr "nessuna modifica aggiunta al commit%s\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:787
+msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
+msgstr " (usa \"git add\" e/o \"git commit -a\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:791
+msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:793 wt-status.c:796 wt-status.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:794
+msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:797
+msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:800
+msgid " (working directory clean)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:908
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (nessun branch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:914
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Commit iniziale su "
+
+#: wt-status.c:929
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "indietro "
+
+#: wt-status.c:932 wt-status.c:935
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "avanti "
+
+#: wt-status.c:937
+msgid ", behind "
+msgstr ", indietro "
+
+#: builtin/add.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "status diff %c inatteso"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:226
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "aggiornamento dei file non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "elimina '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:176
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Il path '%s' è nel sottomodulo '%.*s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:192
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:456 builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' si trova oltre un link simbolico"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:276
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile aprire '%s' per la scrittura."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:290
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile scrivere la patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:295
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile eseguire lo stat di '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:297
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Patch vuota. Operazione interrotta."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:303
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile applicare '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:312
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "I seguenti path sono stati ignorati da uno o più dei tuoi file .gitignore:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Usa -f se vuoi davvero aggiungerli.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+msgid "no files added"
+msgstr "nessun file aggiunto"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:359
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "aggiunta dei file non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:391
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A e -u sono reciprocamente incompatibili"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:393
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "L'opzione --ignore-missing può essere usata solo con --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:414
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Forse intendevi dire 'git add .'?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:286 builtin/mv.c:82
+#: builtin/rm.c:162
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "index file corrotto"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:476 builtin/apply.c:4108 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Impossibile scrivere il nuovo index file"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:53
+msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [opzioni] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:824
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec ha restituito %d per l'input: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "impossibile trovare il nome del file nella patch alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff errato - atteso /dev/null, ricevuto %s alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff errato - nuovo nome del file inconsistente alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff errato - vecchio nome del file inconsistente alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff errato - atteso /dev/nulla alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: riga inattesa: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1451
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "frammento di patch senza intestazione alla riga %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1628
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "il nuovo file dipende da contenuti precedenti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1630
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "il file eliminato ha ancora dei contenuti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1692
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "il nuovo file %s dipende da contenuti precedenti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1694
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "il file eliminato %s ha ancora dei contenuti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** attenzione: il file %s diventa vuoto ma non è eliminato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1843
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch binaria corrotta alla riga %d: %.*s"
+
+#. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
+#: builtin/apply.c:1872
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch binaria non riconosciuta alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1958
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere il link simbolico %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2052
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire o leggere %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2123
+msgid "oops"
+msgstr "oops"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2645
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "inizio della riga non valido: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2763
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2781
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"durante la ricerca per:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2800
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "dati della patch binaria mancanti per '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2903
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "la patch binaria non può essere applicata a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "la patch binaria su '%s' crea risultati non corretti (atteso %s, ricevuto %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2930
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "patch non riuscita: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3045
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "la patch %s è stata rinominata/eliminata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3052 builtin/apply.c:3069
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "lettura di %s non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3084
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "la rimozione della patch lascia contenuti del file"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3105
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: esiste già nella directory di lavoro"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3143
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+msgstr "%s: è stata eliminata/rinominata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3148 builtin/apply.c:3179
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: non esiste in index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3173
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: non corrisponde a index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3190
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: tipo errato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3192
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s ha il tipo %o, atteso %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3247
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: esiste già in index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3267
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3272
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3280
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: la patch non può essere applicata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3293
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Controllo della patch %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3348 builtin/checkout.c:212 builtin/reset.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry non riuscito per il path '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "impossibile rimuovere %s da index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
+msgstr "patch corrotta per il sottoprogetto %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3522
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire lo stat del file appena creato '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3527
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3530
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiungere la voce della cache per %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3563
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "chiusura del file '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3612
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il file '%s' in modalità %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s applicata correttamente."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3676
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "errore interno"
+
+#. Say this even without --verbose
+#: builtin/apply.c:3679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3710
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Frammento #%d applicato correttamente."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3713
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Frammento #%d respinto."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3844
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "input non riconosciuto"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere index file"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3970 builtin/apply.c:3973
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "path"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3971
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "non applica le modifiche corrispondenti al path specificato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3974
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "applica le modifiche corrispondenti al path specificato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "num"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3977
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3980
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignora le aggiunte create dalla patch"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3982
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "invece di applicare la patch, mostra l'output di diffstat per l'input"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3986
+msgid "shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "mostra il numero di righe aggiunte e eliminate in notazione decimale"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3988
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "invece di applicare la patch, mostra un riassunto per l'input"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3990
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "invece di applicare la patch, verifica se può essere applicata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3992
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "assicura che la patch sia applicabile all'attuale index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3994
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3996
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "applica anche la patch (da usare con --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3998
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4000
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "i path sono separati con un carattere NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4003
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "assicura almeno <n> righe di contesto corrispondente"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4004
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "azione"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4005
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "rileva righe nuove o modificate che hanno errori di spazi bianchi"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4008 builtin/apply.c:4011
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4014
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "applica la patch in maniera inversa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4016
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "lascia i frammenti respinti nei file .rej corrispondenti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4020
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "consente la sovrapposizione dei frammenti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "dettagliato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4023
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4026
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4028
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "radice"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4029
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "antepone <root> a tutti i nomi file"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4050
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index al di fuori di un repository"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached al di fuori di un repository"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4069
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire la patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4083
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4089 builtin/apply.c:4099
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d riga aggiunge errori di spazi bianchi."
+msgstr[1] "%d righe aggiungono errori di spazi bianchi."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile creare il file del repository '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile redirigere l'output"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Remote non ha un URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: atteso ACK/NAK, ricevuto EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "errore remoto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:66
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: errore del protocollo"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:71
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: atteso un flush"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:148
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:180
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "impossibile usare -a con -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:186
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "il branch remoto '%s' non è stato trovato."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branch '%s' non trovato."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Errore nella rimozione del branch remoto '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Errore nella rimozione del branch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Ramo remoto %s eliminato (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Ramo %s eliminato (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:239
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Aggiornamento del file di configurazione fallito"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:337
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "il branch '%s' non punta ad un commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:409
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: dietro %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[dietro %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: avanti %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:535
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(nessun branch)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:600
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:613
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nome del branch non valido: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:638
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Ramo rinominato in %s, ma HEAD non è aggiornato!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"Il branch è stato rinominato, ma l'aggiornamento del file di configurazione "
+"è fallito"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nome dell'oggetto %s errato"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:783
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788 builtin/clone.c:558
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:808
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column e --verbose non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"le opzioni -a e -r per 'git branch' non hanno senso con il nome di un branch"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s è corretto\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:113 builtin/checkout.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "il path '%s' non ha la nostra versione"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:115 builtin/checkout.c:148
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "il path '%s' non ha la loro versione"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "il path '%s' non ha le versioni necessarie"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:234 builtin/checkout.c:392
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "file index corrotto"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:264 builtin/checkout.c:271
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:302 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:583
+#: builtin/merge.c:812
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il nuovo file index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:319 builtin/diff.c:302 builtin/merge.c:408
+msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+msgstr "diff_setup_done non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "è necessario risolvere prima l'attuale index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:566
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD si trova ora a"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Ripristina il branch '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:576
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Si è già su '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Si è passati al branch '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:640
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... e %d altri.\n"
+
+#. The singular version
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Se si vuole mantenerle creando un nuovo branch, questo potrebbe essere\n"
+"un buon momento per farlo con:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch nuovo_nome_branch %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:694
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:698
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "La precedente posizione di HEAD era"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:724
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. case (1)
+#: builtin/checkout.c:855
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "riferimento non valido: %s"
+
+#. case (1): want a tree
+#: builtin/checkout.c:894
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:974
+msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+msgstr "-B non può essere usata con -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:983
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+msgstr "--patch non è compatibile con tutte le altre opzioni"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:986
+msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+msgstr "--detach non può essere usata con -b/-B/--orphan"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:988
+msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+msgstr "--detach non può essere usata con -t"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:994
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track necessita del nome di un branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1001
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Nome del branch mancante; prova con -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1007
+msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1009
+msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+msgstr "--orphan non può essere usata con -t"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+msgstr "git checkout: -f e -m non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
+msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach non prende un path come argomento"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1090
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1093
+msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
+msgstr "--ours/--theirs non sono compatibili con il passaggio ai branch."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:78
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x e -X non possono essere usati insieme"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:82
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce è impostato a vero, ma né -n né -f sono state specificate; "
+"clean interrotto"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:85
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce è vero per default, ma né -n né -f sono state specificate; "
+"clean interrotto"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Rimozione di %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "rimozione di %s non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:166
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
+msgstr "il repository di riferimento '%s' non è una directory locale."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:302
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "apertura di '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "creazione della directory '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:75
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "stat di '%s' non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s esiste e non è una directory"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "stat di %s non riuscito\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "rimozione del link '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "creazione del link '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "copia del file in '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "fatto.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile trovare il branch remoto %s da clonare."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:549
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"l'HEAD remoto si riferisce ad un ref inesistente, impossibile eseguire il "
+"checkout.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:639
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Troppi argomenti."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:643
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Devi specificare un repository da clonare."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "le opzioni --bare e --origin %s non sono compatibili."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "il repository '%s' non esiste"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:673
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr ""
+"il path di destinazione '%s' esiste già e non è una directory vuota."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:706 builtin/clone.c:720
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clone nel repository spoglio '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Non so come clonare %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Il branch remoto %s non è stato trovato in upstream %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Sembra che tu abbia clonato un repository vuoto."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command deve essere il primo argomento"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Il tuo nome e l'indirizzo email sono stati configurati automaticamente usando\n"
+"il tuo nome utente ed il nome host. Per favore, verifica che siano esatti.\n"
+"È possibile eliminare questo messaggio impostandoli esplicitamente:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Tuo Nome\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email tu@esempio.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Dopo questa operazione, puoi ripristinare l'identità usata in questo commit con:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:55
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:253
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:295
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:301
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "add interattivo non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:334 builtin/commit.c:355 builtin/commit.c:405
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il file new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:386
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire un commit parziale durante un merge."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:388
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire un commit parziale durante un cherry-pick."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:398
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:418
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:493 builtin/commit.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+msgstr "commit non valido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:522
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "parametro --author malformato"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:620 builtin/commit.c:653 builtin/commit.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile trovare il commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:632 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(lettura del messaggio di log dallo standard input)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:634
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere il log dallo standard input"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere il file di log '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
+msgid "commit has empty message"
+msgstr "il commit ha un messaggio vuoto"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:660
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:664
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:720
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile scrivere il modello di commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sembra che si stia eseguendo il commit di un merge.\n"
+"Se l'operazione non è corretta, per favore elimina il file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"e riprova.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:736
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sembra che si stia eseguendo il commit di un cherry-pick.\n"
+"Se l'operazione non è corretta, per favore rimuovi il file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"e riprova.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:748
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Per favore inserisci il messaggio di commit per le modifiche. Le righe\n"
+"che iniziano con '#' verranno ignorate, e un messaggio vuoto annulla il commit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:753
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Per favore inserisci il messaggio di commit per le modifiche. Le\n"
+"righe che iniziano con '#' verranno mantenute; possono comunque essere\n"
+"rimosse manualmente. Un messaggio vuoto annulla il commit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
+msgstr "%sAutore:    %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
+msgstr "%sCommitter: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:793
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Impossibile leggere index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:830
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:845 builtin/tag.c:361
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Per favore, specifica il messaggio usando l'opzione -m o -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+msgstr "Nessun autore esistente trovato con '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:957 builtin/commit.c:1157
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:997
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "L'uso di entrambe le opzioni --reset-author e --author non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1008
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1016
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Le opzioni --squash e --fixup non possono essere usate insieme"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1026
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Solo una delle opzioni -c/-C/-F/--fixup può essere usata."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1028
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "L'opzione -m non può essere combinata con -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1036
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "L'opzione --reset-author può essere usata solo con -C, -c o --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Può essere usata solo una delle opzioni --include/--only/--all/--"
+"interactive/--patch ."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Devi specificare un path se usi --include/--only."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1057
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1069 builtin/tag.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1074
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "I path con -a non hanno senso."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1257
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile trovare il commit appena creato"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1259
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile analizzare il commit appena creato"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1300
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1302
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (root-commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1446
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile analizzare il commit HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1484 builtin/merge.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile aprire '%s' per la lettura"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "File MERGE_HEAD corrotto (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere il messaggio di commit: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Commit interrotto; il messaggio non è stato modificato.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1536
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Interruzione del commit a causa di un messaggio di commit vuoto.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1551 builtin/merge.c:936 builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "scrittura dell'oggetto di commit non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1572
+msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1576
+msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Il repository è stato aggiornato, ma non è stato possibile scrivere il file\n"
+"new_index. Verifica che l'unità disco non sia piena o che la quota non sia\n"
+"stata superata, ed esegui \"git reset HEAD\" per il ripristino."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "il tag '%s' è davvero '%s' qui"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "Non è il nome di un oggetto valido %s"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s non è un oggetto '%s' valido"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "nessun tag corrisponde esattamente a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Nessun tag può descrivere '%s'.\n"
+"Prova con --always, o crea dei tag."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:436
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long non è compatibile con --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:462
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:482
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s': non è un file regolare o un link simbolico"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "opzione non valida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:297
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Non è un repository git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "oggetto non valido '%s' specificato."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:362
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "più di due blob specificati: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "oggetto non gestito '%s' specificato."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "oggetto %s non trovato"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[aggiornato]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[respinto]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[tag aggiornata]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (impossibile aggiornare il ref locale)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[nuova tag]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[nuovo branch]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[nuovo ref]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiornare il ref locale"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "aggiornamento forzato"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s non ha inviato tutti gli oggetti necessari\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Da %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"non è stato possibile aggiornare alcuni ref locali; prova con\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' per rimuovere ogni branch che vada in conflitto"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[eliminato]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(nessuno)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "L'opzione \"%s\" è ignorata per %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:890 builtin/remote.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Nessun repository remoto specificato. Per favore, specifica un URL o\n"
+"il nome di un remote da cui prelevare nuove revisioni."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Devi specificare il nome di un tag."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:979
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all non richiede il repository come argomento"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "%s non valido: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+"run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:251
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: creazione del thread non riuscita: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:478 builtin/grep.c:512
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere il tree (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "switch '%c' richiede un valore numerico"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:885
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "nessun modello specificato."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:899
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad object %s"
+msgstr "oggetto %s errato"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:940
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:963
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached o --untracked non può essere usato con --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:968
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index o --untracked non possono essere usate con le revisioni."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:971
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:979
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:59
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "formato di aiuto '%s' non riconosciuto"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:87
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Esecuzione di emacsclient non riuscita."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:100
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Verifica della versione di emacsclient non riuscita."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "la versione '%d' di emacsclient è troppo vecchia (<22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:126 builtin/help.c:154 builtin/help.c:163 builtin/help.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "esecuzione di '%s' non riuscita: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': path ad un visualizzatore man pages non supportato.\n"
+"Usa invece 'man.<tool>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': comando per visualizzatore man pages supportato.\n"
+"Per favore usa 'man.<tool>.path' invece."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:287
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "I comandi git usati più di frequente sono:"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s': visualizzatore man sconosciuto."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:372
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "nessun visualizzatore man ha gestito la richiesta"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:380
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "nessun visualizzatore info ha gestito la richiesta"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+msgstr "'%s': non è una directory della documentazione."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432 builtin/help.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "uso: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "'git %s è un alias di '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:189
+msgid "object of unexpected type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:236
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "EOF prematuro"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "errore di lettura in input"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "usati più byte di quelli disponibili"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:256
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "pack troppo largo per la definizione corrente di off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile creare '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire il file pack '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:291
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "la firma del pack non coincide"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:405
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:450
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:458
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "tipo di oggetto %d sconosciuto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:497
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:510
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:583
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "non è possibile leggere l'oggetto %s esistente"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "TROVATA COLLISIONE SHA1 CON %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:598
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "oggetto blob %s non valido"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:610
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s non valido"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:612
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Errore nell'oggetto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Non tutti gli oggetti figlio di %s sono raggiungibili"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:687 builtin/index-pack.c:713
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "applicazione del delta non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Ricezione degli oggetti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indicizzazione degli oggetti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:872
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "il pack è corrotto (SHA1 non corrisponde)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:877
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:880
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:903
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Risoluzione dei delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:954
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "confusione al di là della follia"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:973
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "pack ha %d delta irrisolto"
+msgstr[1] "pack ha %d delta irrisolti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "l'oggetto locale %s è corrotto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1101
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "errore nella chiusura del file pack"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1114
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il file keep '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1122
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1135
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "impossibile archiviare il file pack"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "impossibile archiviare index file"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossibile aprire il file pack '%s' esistente"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1249
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1296
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "non delta: %d oggetto"
+msgstr[1] "non delta: %d oggetti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1303
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "lunghezza della catena = %d: %lu oggetto"
+msgstr[1] "lunghezza della catena = %d: %lu oggetti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1330
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1374 builtin/index-pack.c:1377
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1389 builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s errato"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1407
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin non può essere usato senza --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1411 builtin/index-pack.c:1421
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "il nome del file pack '%s' non termina con '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1430
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify senza un nome del file pack specificato"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Non è stato possible rendere %s scrivibile dal gruppo"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire lo stat di '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:141
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:154
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:322 builtin/init-db.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s esiste già"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "impossibile gestire il tipo di file %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "impossibile spostare %s in %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:362
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile creare il link git %s"
+
+#.
+#. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s repository Git in %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Reinizializzato un esistente"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Inizializzato un"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " condiviso"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:440
+msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:521 builtin/init-db.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (o --work-tree=<directory>) non consentito senza specificare %s (o --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:578
+msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
+msgstr "Impossibile accedere alla directory di lavoro corrente"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Output finale: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:401 builtin/log.c:489
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere l'oggetto %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Tipo sconosciuto: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers non ha alcun valore"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:676
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "il nome della directory di output è troppo lungo"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Impossibile aprire il file patch %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:701
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:709
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:786
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:932
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Due directory di output?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1153
+#, c-format
+msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1210
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "standard output, o directory, quale dei due?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1237
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile creare la directory '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Creazione dei file di output non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1494
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1510 builtin/log.c:1512 builtin/log.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Commit %s sconosciuto"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:90
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "lo switch 'm' richiede un valore"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile trovare la strategia di merge '%s'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Le strategie disponibili sono:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Le strategie personalizzate disponibili sono:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:240
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "non è stato possibile eseguire stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:245
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "esecuzione di stash non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "non è un oggetto valido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:316
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:361
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Scrittura di SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Completamento di SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Nessun messaggio di merge -- HEAD non viene aggiornato\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:437
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' non punta ad un commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Stringa branch.%s.mergeoptions errata: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:629
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:679
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "lettura della cache non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:697
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Impossibile scrivere index."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:710
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Opzione per merge-recursive sconosciuta: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "non è possibile scrivere %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:877
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere da '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:892
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Messaggio di commit vuoto."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:928
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Splendido.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:993
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Merge automatico fallito; risolvi i conflitti ed eseguire il commit\n"
+"del risultato.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' non è un commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1050
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Nessun branch corrente."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1052
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Nessun remote per il branch corrente."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1054
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Nessun upstream di default definito per il branch corrente."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1146 builtin/merge.c:1303
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - non è qualcosa per cui possiamo eseguire il merge"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1214
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Non c'è nessun merge da interrompere (manca MERGE_HEAD)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1230 git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Il merge non è stato concluso (esiste MERGE_HEAD).\n"
+"Per favore, esegui il commit delle modifiche prima del merge."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1233 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Il merge non è stato concluso (esiste MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1237
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Il cherry-pick non è stato concluso (esiste CHERRY_PICK_HEAD).\n"
+"Per favore, esegui il commit delle modifiche prima del merge."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1240
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Il tuo cherry-pick non è stato concluso (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD esiste)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1249
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Impossibile combinare --squash con --no-off."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+msgstr "Impossibile combinare --no-ff con --ff-only."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1261
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Nessun commit specificato e merge.defaultToUpstream non definito."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1293
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1296
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1298
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1413
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Aggiornamento di %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1451
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1458
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "No.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1490
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Fast-forward non possibile, stop."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1513 builtin/merge.c:1592
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Tentativo con la strategia di merge %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1583
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Nessuna strategia di merge ha gestito il merge.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1585
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Merge con la strategia %s fallito.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1606
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Il merge automatico è andato a buon fine; fermato prima del commit come "
+"richiesto\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:115
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "non è possibile spostare la directory in sé stessa"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:118
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "non è possibile spostare la directory su un file"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
+msgstr "Eh? %.*s si trova in index?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:140
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "la directory sorgente è vuota"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:171
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "non è sotto controllo di versione"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "la destinazione esiste"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "sovrascrittura di %s in corso"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:184
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Impossibile sovrascrivere"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:187
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "fonti multiple per la stessa destinazione"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, sorgente=%s, destinazione=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Rinominazione di %s in %s in corso\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "rinomina di '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile avviare 'show' per l'oggetto '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:145
+msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile creare il file '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:189
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Per favore specifica il contenuto delle note usando le opzioni -m o -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Rimozione della nota per l'oggetto %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:215
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere l'oggetto nota"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
+msgstr "Il contenuto della nota è stato lasciato in %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile aprire o leggere '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
+#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
+#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
+#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Lettura dell'oggetto '%s' non riuscita."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valore di notes.rewriteMode errato: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Impossibile riscrivere le note in %s (al di fuori di refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: builtin/notes.c:377
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valore di %s errato: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Riga di input malformata: '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Copia delle note da '%s' a '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
+#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
+#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "troppi parametri"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Nessuna nota trovata per l'oggetto %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Sovrascrittura delle note esistenti per l'oggetto %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:635
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "troppi pochi parametri"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossibile copiare le note. Trovate note esistenti per l'oggetto %s. Usa "
+"'-f' per sovrascrivere le note esistenti"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Note mancanti per l'oggetto sorgente %s. Impossibile copiare."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le opzioni -m/-F/-c/-C per il sottocomando 'edit' sono deprecate.\n"
+"Per favore usa 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' invece.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "L'oggetto %s non ha note.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1103 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Sottocomando sconosciuto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2337
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "versione %s di index non supportata"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2341
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "versione '%s' di index errata"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2364
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "l'opzione %s non accetta forme negative"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2368
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "impossibile analizzare il valore '%s' per l'opzione %s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:45
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:64
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete accetta solo nomi dei ref di destinazione in chiaro"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Il branch corrente %s non ha alcun branch upstream.\n"
+"Per eseguire il push del branch corrente ed impostare remote come upstream, usa\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "Il branch corrente %s ha branch multipli in upstream; push non eseguito."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:174
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Non è stato specificato alcun refspec per il push, e push.default è \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:181
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
+"before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:187
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
+"variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:193
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "repository '%s' errato"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:270
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nessuna destinazione per il push configurata.\n"
+"Specifica un URL dalla riga di comando oppure configurare un repository "
+"remoto usando\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <nome> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"e poi eseguire il push usando il nome del remote\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <nome>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all e --tags non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:286
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror e --tags non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:292
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:297
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all e --mirror non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:385
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete non è compatibile con --all, --mirror e --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete non ha senso senza alcun ref"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Aggiornamento di %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:130
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror è pericoloso e deprecato; per favore\n"
+"\t usa invece --mirror-fetch o --mirror-push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "argomento di mirror sconosciuto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:185
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "specificare un branch master con --mirror non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "il remoto %s esiste già."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' non è un nome di remoto valido"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile configurare il master '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "più di un %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:339
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(corrispondente)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:452
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(elimina)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:595 builtin/remote.c:601 builtin/remote.c:607
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile aggiungere '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Remote non esistente: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile rinominare la sezione di configurazione da '%s' in '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:662 builtin/remote.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile rimuovere la sezione di configurazione '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:677
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:694
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile impostare '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:716
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "eliminazione di '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "creazione di '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile rimuovere il branch %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:834
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nota: un branch al di fuori della gerarchia refs/remotes/ non è stato "
+"eliminato;\n"
+"per eliminarlo, usare:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Nota: alcuni branch al di fuori della gerarchia refs/remotes/ non sono stati "
+"eliminati;\n"
+"per eliminarli, usare:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:946
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " vecchio (usare 'git remote prune' per rimuoverlo)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:950
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr "???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr ""
+"branch.%s.merge non valido; impossibile eseguire il rebase su > 1 branch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1001
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " merge con il remote %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1002
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    e con il remote"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "merge con il remote %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1005
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "crea"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1054
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "elimina"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1058
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "aggiornato"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1061
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1064
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "locale non aggiornato"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1074
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1078
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s esegue il push su %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1118
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* remote %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1120 builtin/remote.c:1285
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(nessun URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1129 builtin/remote.c:1131
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1133 builtin/remote.c:1135 builtin/remote.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  branch HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  branch HEAD (l'HEAD remoto è ambiguo, potrebbe essere uno dei seguenti):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1151
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Branch remoto:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Branch remoti:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154 builtin/remote.c:1181
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Branch locale configurato per 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Branch locali configurati per 'git pull':"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1171
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1178
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Ref locale configurato per 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Ref locali configurati per 'git push'%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1216
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossibile determinare l'HEAD remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1218
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile eliminare %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1236
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Non è un ref valido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1238
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile configurare %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1282
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Remote '%s' non esistente"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1414
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "nessun remote specificato"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1447
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Nessuna URL trovata: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1497
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:77
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:79
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:96
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile scrivere il nuovo index file."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD ora si trova a %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:130
+msgid "Could not read index"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:133
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire un %s reset nel corso di un merge."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile analizzare l'oggetto '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:302
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch non è compatibile con --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:311
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr "--mixed con i path è deprecata; usa invece 'git reset -- <path>'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "%s reset non è consentito in un repository spoglio"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Non è stato possibile ripristinare index file "
+"alla revisione '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s non può essere usata con %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:131
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "errore del programma"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:221
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "revert non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:236
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "cherry-pick non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' contiene delle modifiche locali\n"
+"(usa --cached per mantenere il file, o -f per forzare la rimozione)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: non è possibile eliminare %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Autore mancante: %s"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "nome tag troppo lungo: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "tag '%s' non trovato."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' eliminato (era %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile verificare il tag '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:249
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Write a tag message\n"
+"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
+"#\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Scrivere un messaggio associato al tag\n"
+"# Le righe che iniziano con '#' verranno ignorate.\n"
+"#\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:256
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Write a tag message\n"
+"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+"#\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Scrivere un messaggio associato al tag\n"
+"# Le righe che iniziano con '#' verranno mantenute; possono essere comunque "
+"rimosse manualmente.\n"
+"#\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:298
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "impossibile firmare il tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:300
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il file di tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:325
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "tipo di oggetto errato."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:338
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "intestazione del tag troppo grande."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "nessun messaggio per il tag?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Il messaggio del tag è stato lasciato in %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "lo switch 'points-at' richiede un oggetto"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nome oggetto '%s' malformato"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:506
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column e -n non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'opzione -n è consentita solo con -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'opzione --contains è consentita solo con -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:527
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'opzione --points-at è consentita solo con -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:535
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "è consentita una sola opzione tra -F e -m."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:555
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "troppi parametri"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' non è un nome tag valido."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "il tag '%s' esiste già"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+msgstr "%s: impossibile riservare il ref"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+msgstr "%s: impossibile aggiornare il ref"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' aggiornato (era %s)\n"
+
+#: git.c:16
+msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+msgstr ""
+"Vedi 'git help <comando> per maggiori informazioni su un comando "
+"specifico."
+
+#: parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: parse-options.h:141
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "tempo"
+
+#: parse-options.h:149
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "file"
+
+#: parse-options.h:151
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "quando"
+
+#: parse-options.h:156
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:228
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "più dettagliato"
+
+#: parse-options.h:230
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "meno dettagliato"
+
+#: parse-options.h:236
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "usare <n> cifre per mostrare gli hash SHA-1"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Aggiunge il contenuto del file a index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Cerca mediante ricerca binaria la modifica che ha introdotto un bug"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Elenca, crea o elimina branch"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Clona un repository in una nuova directory"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Registra modifiche nel repository"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Scarica oggetti e ref da un altro repository"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Stampa le righe corrispondenti ad un modello"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Crea un repository git vuoto o reinizializza uno esistente"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Mostra log del commit"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Unisce due o più cronologie di sviluppo"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Sposta o rinomina un file, una directory o un link simbolico"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Combina fetche + merge da un altro repository o un branch locale"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Aggiorna i ref remoti insieme agli oggetti associati"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Ripristina l'HEAD corrente allo stato specificato"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Mostra vari tipi di oggetti"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Crea, elenca, elimina o verifica un oggetto tag firmato con GPG"
+
+#: git-am.sh:50
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "È necessario impostare le informazioni sul committer"
+
+#: git-am.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:105
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando hai risolto il problema esegui \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"Se vuoi saltare questa patch, esegui invece \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"Per ripristinare il branch originale e interrompere l'applicazione delle "
+"patch esegui \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:121
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:137
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:154
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"La tua patch è stata modificata manualmente?\n"
+"Non può essere applicata ai blob registrati nel proprio index."
+
+#: git-am.sh:163
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:275
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Può essere applicata solo una serie di patch StGIT per volta"
+
+#: git-am.sh:362
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Il formato patch $patch_format non è supportato."
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Rilevamento del formato della patch non riuscito."
+
+#: git-am.sh:418
+msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+msgstr "l'opzione -d non è più supportata.  Non utilizzarla."
+
+#: git-am.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:486
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Per favore, deciditi. --skip o --abort?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:513
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:579
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:671
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:708
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "La patch non contiene un indirizzo email valido."
+
+#: git-am.sh:755
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:759
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:766
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Applicare? sì[y]/no[n]/modifica[e]/visualizza patch[v]/accetta tutto[a] "
+
+#: git-am.sh:802
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:823
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:831
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:847
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica -- patch già applicata."
+
+#: git-am.sh:857
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Patch non riuscita a $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:873
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Devi iniziare con \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Vuoi che me ne occupi io [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "opzione non riconosciuta: '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' non sembra essere una revisione valida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Checkout di '$start_head' non riuscito. Prova 'git bisect reset "
+"<branch-valido>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "HEAD errato - strano ref simbolico"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Argomento bisect_write errato: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Per favore, chiama 'bisect_state' con almeno un argomento."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:250
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect bad' può prendere un solo argomento."
+
+#. have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
+#. this is less optimum.
+#: git-bisect.sh:273
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:279
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Sei sicuro? [Y/n] "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:289
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Devi specificare almeno una revisione corretta ed una errata.\n"
+"(Puoi usare \"git bisect bad\" e \"git bisect good\" per questo scopo.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Non stiamo eseguendo un bisect."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' non è un commit valido"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:390
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Nessun file di log specificato"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:408
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? di cosa si sta parlando?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "sto eseguendo $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"bisect run non riuscito:\n"
+"il codice di uscita $res da '$command' è < 0 oppure >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:453
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "bisect run non può più proseguire"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"bisect run non riuscito:\n"
+"bisect_state $state è uscito con il codice di errore $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:466
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "bisect run eseguito con successo"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr ""
+"Il pull non è possibile perché ci sono file di cui non è stato eseguito il "
+"merge."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:197
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. The fetch involved updating the current branch.
+#. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
+#. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
+#. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
+#: git-pull.sh:228
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:253
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il merge di branch multipli in un head vuoto"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:257
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il rebase su branch multipli"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear con parametri non è implementato"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Non hai ancora un commit iniziale"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Impossibile salvare lo stato corrente di index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:140
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica selezionata"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:143
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:156
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:202
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"errore: opzione sconosciuta per 'stash save': $option\n"
+"        Per aggiungere un messaggio, usare git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:223
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica locale da salvare"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:227
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Impossibile inizializzare stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:235
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Impossibile salvare lo stato attuale"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:253
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:352
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Nessuno stash trovato."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Troppe revisioni specificate: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:365
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference non è un riferimento valido"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:393
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' non è un commit di tipo stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' non è un referimento a uno stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:412
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiornare index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:416
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Impossibile applicare uno stash nel mezzo di un merge"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:424
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Ci sono conflitti in index. Prova senza --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:426
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:460
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:474
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:491
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} eliminata ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: non è stato possibile rimuovere la voce di stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:499
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Nome del branch non specificato"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Per ripristinarli digita \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:109
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:150
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:160
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:249
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "repo URL: '$repo' deve essere assoluto o iniziare con ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:266
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' esiste già in index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Il seguente path è ignorato da uno dei tuoi file .gitignore:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Usa -f se vuoi davvero aggiungerlo."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' esiste già e non è un repository git valido"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:307
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:363
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Interruzione a '$sm_path'; lo script ha restituito uno stato diverso da zero."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:417
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:556
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:570
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:571
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:576
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:582
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:583
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:605 git-submodule.sh:928
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:713
+msgid "--cached cannot be used with --files"
+msgstr "--cached non può essere usata con --files"
+
+#. unexpected type
+#: git-submodule.sh:753
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "modalità $mod_dst inattesa"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:771
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Attenzione: $name non contiene commit $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:774
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attenzione: $name non contiene commit $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:777
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attenzione: $name non contiene commit $sha1_src e $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:802
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:803
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "sottomodulo"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:840
+msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:842
+msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:974
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Non è stato possibile estrarre l'indirizzo email dall'identità del "
+#~ "committer."
diff --git a/po/ko.po b/po/ko.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9f431cedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/ko.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12551 @@
+# Git Korean translation
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2016 Changwoo Ryu and contributors
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+#
+# Contributors:
+#  Hyunjun Kim <yoloseem AT users.noreply.github.com>, 2015.
+#  Changwoo Ryu <cwryu@debian.org>, 2015-2016.
+#
+# - 작업�는 위 Contributors 목�� 추가해 주세요.
+# - 번역하면서 80컬럼� 넘어가지 않�� 해 주세요.
+#   - 가능한한 �문� 1줄�면 1줄� 들어가게 하고, 부��하면 경우� 따�
+#     알맞게 줄바꿈합니다. (커맨드���면 줄바꿈하고 다� 줄� 탭 2개)
+# - 용어는 �관성� 지켜 주십시오.
+#   - 용어가 바뀌어야 한다고 ��하면 그렇게 번역하기 전� 충분히 �견 �환�
+#     하십시오.
+# - �반�� 문장�서 �어 단어를 그대로 쓰지 않습니다. 최소한 �역합니다.
+#   - 예외�으로 명령어 등 문� 그대로 가리키는 경우�만 �문 그대로 �니다.
+#     - 예: 업스트림 추�� 'origin' 대신 <�름>� 사용합니다
+#   - 번역� 용어가 깃 명령어와 연관�는 경우�는 괄호 안� �니다.
+#     - 예: ��리기(revert)가 진행 중입니다
+# - ìš©ì–´:
+#  +--------------+----------------------------------------------+
+#  | 3-way merge  | 3-방향 병합                                  |
+#  | author       | 작성�                                       |
+#  | bisect       | �등분                                       |
+#  | blob         | 블롭                                         |
+#  | bundle       | 번들                                         |
+#  | branch       | 브랜치                                       |
+#  | cherry-pick  | (커밋) 빼오기                                |
+#  | commit       | 커밋                                         |
+#  | commit-ish   | 커밋-따위                                    |
+#  | committer    | 커미터                                       |
+#  | conflict     | 충�                                         |
+#  | fast-forward | 정방향 진행                                  |
+#  | head         | 헤드                                         |
+#  | hook         | í›…                                           |
+#  | history      | (커밋) 내역                                  |
+#  | Git          | 깃                                           |
+#  | log          | 기�                                         |
+#  | merge        | 병합                                         |
+#  | note         | 노트                                         |
+#  | pack         | 묶�                                         |
+#  | pathspec     | 경로명세                                     |
+#  | rebase       | 리베�스                                     |
+#  | ref          | 레�런스                                     |
+#  | repo         | 저장소                                       |
+#  | remote       | 리모트 (저장소)                              |
+#  | reset        | 재지정                                       |
+#  | revert       | ��리기                                     |
+#  | subcommand   | 하위 명령                                    |
+#  | submodule    | 하위 모듈                                    |
+#  | tree-ish     | 트리-따위                                    |
+#  | working tree | 작업 ��                                    |
+#  +--------------+----------------------------------------------+
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-06-12 01:20+0900\n"
+"Last-Translator: Changwoo Ryu <cwryu@debian.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Git Korean translation <http://github.com/changwoo/git-l10n-"
+"ko>\n"
+"Language: ko\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "힌트: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"작업 ���서 문제를 바로잡� 다�, 'git add/rm <파�>'� �절히\n"
+"사용해 해결 표시하고 커밋하십시오."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "병합 작업� 다 마치지 않았습니다 (MERGE_HEAD 파�� 있습니다)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "병합하기 전� 변경 사항� 커밋하십시오."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "병합� 마치지 못했기 때문� �납니다."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<옵션>] <트리-따위> [<경로>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <저장소> [--exec <명령>] [<옵션>] <트리-따위> [<경로"
+">...]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <저장소> [--exec <명령>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로명세가 어떤 파�과� �치하지 않습니다"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "형�"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "압축 형�"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "접�어"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "아카�브� � 경로 �름� 앞� 지정한 경로를 붙입니다"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548 builtin/blame.c:2549
+#: builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987 builtin/fast-export.c:989
+#: builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100 builtin/ls-files.c:459
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "파�"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "아카�브를 � 파�� �니다"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "작업 ��� .gitattributes를 �습니다"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "아카�브� �함� 파�� 표준오류로 표시합니다"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "저장만 하기"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "� 빠르게 압축"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "� 작게 압축"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "지�하는 압축 형�� 목�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "저장소"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "�격 저장소 <저장소>�서 아카�브를 가져옵니다"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "명령"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "�격 git-upload-archive 명령� 경로"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"git attributes�서 반대 패턴� 무시�니다.\n"
+"앞� �낌표를 쓰려면 '\\!'를 사용하십시오."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"오류를 수정한 다� �격 추� 정보를\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\" 명령�\n"
+"실행해 수정할 수 있습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "%s 브랜치를 �신� 업스트림으로 지정하지 않�."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"%s 브랜치가 리베�스를 통해 리모트� %s 브랜치를 (%s�서) 따�가�� 설정�었"
+"습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "%s 브랜치가 리모트� %s 브랜치를 (%s�서) 따�가�� 설정�었습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"%s 브랜치가 리베�스를 통해 리모트� %s 브랜치를 따�가�� 설정�었습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "%s 브랜치가 %s 브랜치를 따�가�� 설정�었습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"%s 브랜치가 리베�스를 통해 리모트� %s 레�런스를 따�가�� 설정�었습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "%s 브랜치가 리모트� %s 레�런스를 따�가�� 설정�었습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"%s 브랜치가 리베�스를 통해 로컬� %s 레�런스를 따�가�� 설정�었습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "%s 브랜치가 로컬� %s 레�런스를 따�가�� 설정�었습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "업스트림 브랜치 설정� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "따�가지 않�: %s 레�런스� 대해 애매한 정보"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s'�(는) 올바른 브랜치 �름� 아닙니다."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "�름� '%s'� 브랜치가 �미 있습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "현재 브랜치를 강제로 업��트할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"따�가기 정보를 설정할 수 없습니다. 시작 위치 '%s'�(가) 브랜치가 아닙니다."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "요청한 업스트림 '%s' 브랜치가 없습니다"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"리모트� �미 있는 업스트림 브랜치를 기반으로 작업하려면,\n"
+"먼저 \"git fetch\"로 가져 리모트 브랜치를 가져옵니다.\n"
+"\n"
+"새 로컬 브랜치를 거기� 해당하는 리모트 브랜치로 push하려면,\n"
+"\"git push -u\"로 push하는 업스트림� 설정할 수 있습니다."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "올바른 오브�트 �름� 아닙니다: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "애매한 오브�트 �름: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "올바른 브랜치 위치가 아닙니다: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(는) �미 '%s' 위치� 받아져 있습니다"
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "작업 �� %s� 헤드가 업��트�지 않았습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' 파�� 버전2 번들 파�로 보�지 않습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "��할 수 없는 헤�: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "저장소� 필수�� 다� 커밋� 없습니다:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "리비전 walk 준비가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "번들� 다� 레�런스 %d개가 있습니다:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "번들� 전체 커밋 내역� 기�합니다."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "번들� 다� 레�런스 %d개가 필요합니다:"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "pack-objects 명령� 실행할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "pack-objects 명령� 죽었습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list 명령� 죽었습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "rev-list 옵션�서 '%s' 레�런스가 제외�었습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 ��: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "빈 번들� 만들지 않습니다."
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "index-pack 명령� 죽었습니다"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "잘못� 색 값: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "parse %s�(를) 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s, 커밋� 아닙니다"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "메모리 바닥남"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "%2$s %3$s %1$d번 줄� 잘못� 설정"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 수치 설정 값 '%s' (키 '%s', %s %s): %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 수치 설정 값 '%s' (키 '%s'): %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "다�� 사용� 디렉터리 확장� 실패: '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "%d번� 올바른 zlib 압축 단계가 아닙니다"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "오브�트 �성 모드가 올바르지 않습니다: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "명령행 설정� 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "설정 파�� �는 중 알 수 없는 오류가 �겼습니다"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "명령행 설정�서 '%s'�(를) 설정할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "'%2$s' 파�� %3$d번 줄 '%1$s' 설정 변수가 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s�(는) 여러 개 값� 있습니다"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) '%s'(으)로 설정할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 설정� 지울 수 없습니다"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "'git rev-list'를 실행할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "rev-list 쓰기� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "rev-list� 표준입력� 닫는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "미래�"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%luì´ˆ ì „"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu분 전"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu시간 전"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu� 전"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu주 전"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu달 전"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%luë…„"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s %lu달 전"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%luë…„ ì „"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 순서 파�� �는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "부정확한 �름 바꾸기 �색� 수행하는 중"
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  dirstat �름 �센트 값 '%s' 파싱� 실패했습니다\n"
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  알 수 없는 dirstat 파�미터 '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "'diff.submodule' 설정 변수� 알 수 없는 값: '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"'diff.submodule' 설정 변수� 오류:\n"
+"%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "외부 diff 프로그램� 죽�, %s 위치�서 멈춤"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow 옵션�는 정확히 하나� 경로명세가 필요합니다"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"--dirstat/-X 옵션 파�미터를 파싱하는� 실패했습니다:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "--submodule 옵션 파�미터 파싱� 실패했습니다: '%s'"
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "커� �름과 정보를 가져오는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr "� 시스템 �는 위치�서는 추��지 않는 �시를 사용하지 않습니다."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "gpg를 실행할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg�서 ��터를 받아들�지 않습니다"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg�서 ��터를 서명하는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 임시 파�� 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "분리� 서명� '%s'� 쓰는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': %s�(를) �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대해 stat()� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "'%s': �다가 잘림"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 있는 깃 명령"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "다른 $PATH� 있는 깃 명령"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "다�� 여러가지 �황�서 �주 사용하는 깃 명령입니다:"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s'�(는) 깃 명령으로 보�지만, 실행할 수\n"
+"없습니다. 아마� git-%s �가진 것 같습니다."
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "어��. 시스템� 깃 명령� 하나� 없다고 나옵니다."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"경고: �름� '%s'� 깃 명령� 실행했지만, 그 명령� 없습니다.\n"
+"��으로 '%s' 명령��고 가정하고 계�합니다"
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "(%0.1f초 뒤�)..."
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: '%s'�(는) 깃 명령� 아닙니다. 'git --help'를 참고하십시오."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"다�� ��하신 것 아니었나요?"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s.lock' 파�� 만들 수 없습니다: %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"� 저장소�서 다른 깃 프로세스가 실행 중� 것으로 보입니다. (예를\n"
+"들어 'git commit' 명령으로 편집기가 열려 있다든지.) 모든 프로세스를\n"
+"�냈는지 확�하시고 다시 시�해 보십시오. 그래� 계� 실패하면, �\n"
+"저장소�서 깃 프로세스가 전� �� 종료했� 수� 있습니다:\n"
+"수�으로 해당 파�� 제거하고 계�하십시오."
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "'%s.lock'� 만들 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "�시를 �는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "새 ��스 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(잘못� 커밋)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로� 대해 addinfo_cache가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "트리 빌드� 오류"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로 만들기� 실패했습니다%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "하위 디렉터리� 공간� 만드려고 %s�(를) 제거합니다\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": 아마� D/F 충�?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 위치� 추��지 않는 파�� 잃기를 거부합니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "%s '%s' 오브�트를 �� 수 없�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "%s '%s'� 대해 블롭� 예�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 여는� 실패"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 심볼릭 ��� 실패"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "다�� 어떻게 할지 알 수 없습니다: %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "내부 병합 실행� 실패"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "%s�(를) ��터베�스� 추가할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "트리�서 지�하지 않는 오브�트 종류"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"충�! (%s/삭제): %s (위치 %s) � %s (%s�서) 삭제. %s 버전� %s 트리� 남�."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"충�! (%s/삭제): %s (위치 %s) � %s (위치 %s) 삭제. %s 버전� %s 트리� "
+"%s(으)로 남�."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "�름바꾸기"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "�름바꿈"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s�(는) %s� 있는 디렉터리로 %s(으)로 �름� 바꿉니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"충�! (�름바꾸기/�름바꾸기): \"%3$s\" 브랜치�서 �름바꾸기 \"%1$s\"->"
+"\"%2$s\" \"%6$s\" 브랜치�서 �름 바꾸기 \"%4$s\"->\"%5$s\"%7$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (해결�지 않�)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"충�! (rename/rename): �름 바꾸기 %s->%s (위치 %s). �름 바꾸기 %s->%s (위"
+"치 %s)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "대신 �름� %s�서 %s(으)로 바꾸고 %s�서 %s(으)로 바꿉니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "충�! (rename/add): �름 바꾸기 %s->%s (위치 %s). %s 추가 (위치 %s)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "병합� %s�(를) 추가합니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "대신 %s(으)로 추가합니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "%s 오브�트를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "%s 오브�트는 블롭� 아닙니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "수정"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "수정�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "ë‚´ìš©"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "추가/추가"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "건너뛰기: %s (기존과 같게 병합)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "�� 병합: %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "하위 모듈"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "충�! (%s): %s� 병합 충�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "제거: %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "파�/디렉터리"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "디렉터리/파�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"충�! (%s): �름� %s� 디렉터리가 %s� 있습니다. %s�(를) %s(으)로 추가합니"
+"다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "추가: %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "치명�� 병합 실패, �어날 수 없는 �황."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "�미 업��트 �태입니다!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "%s � %s 트리� 병합� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "처리�지 않� 경로??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "병합:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "과거� 공통 커밋 %u개 발견:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "병합 결과� 커밋� 없습니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 오브�트를 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "��스를 쓸 수 없습니다."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "초기화하지 않았거나 레�런스하지 않� notes 트리를 커밋할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� notes.rewriteMode 값: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "%s�서 노트를 다시 쓰기를 거부합니다 (refs/notes/ 밖임)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� %s 값: '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "오브�트를 파싱할 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "사용법: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "  �는: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� 형�� 오브�트 �름 '%s'"
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 그룹�서 쓰기 가능하�� 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "'glob' � 'noglob' 경로명세 전체 설정� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"'literal' 경로명세 전체 설정� 다른 경로명세 전체 설정과 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "경로명세 지시어 'prefix'� 잘못� 파�미터"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� 경로명세 지시어 '%.*s' (위치 '%s')"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "경로 명세 지시어 �� ')' 빠� (위치 '%s')"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "구현�지 않� 경로명세 지시어 '%c' (위치 '%s')"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: 'literal'과 'glob'� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: '%s'�(는) 저장소 밖입니다"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "경로명세 '%s'�(는) ''%.*s' 하위 모듈 안� 있습니다"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: 경로명세 지시어가 � 명령어�서 지�하지 않습니다: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로명세는 심볼릭 �� 아래� 있습니다"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+":(exclude) 패턴으로 제외할 사항� 없습니다.\n"
+"':/' �는 '.' 추가를 잊으신 것 아닙니까?"
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "--pretty 형�� 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "완료"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version� 설정�었지만, � 값� 잘못�었습니다.\n"
+"%i 버전� 사용합니다"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION� 설정�었지만, � 값� 잘못�었습니다.\n"
+"%i 버전� 사용합니다"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 쓰기용으로 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "%s 레�런스를 삭제할 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "레�런스를 삭제할 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "%s 레�런스를 제거할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "예�한 형�: %%(color:<색>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "��할 수 없는 색: %%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 형�: %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body)� ��를 받지 않습니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject)� ��를 받지 않습니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "'contents:lines=%s'�서 0보다 � 값� 와야 합니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 %%(contents) ��: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 %%(objectname) ��: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "예�한 형�: %%(align:<너비>,<위치>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "��할 수 없는 위치:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "��할 수 없는 너비:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "��할 수 없는 %%(align) ��:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "%%(align) 아톰� 너비가 0보다 커야 합니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "잘못� 형�� 필드 �름: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 필드 �름: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "형�: %%(end) 아톰� 대��는 아톰 없� 사용�었습니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 형�� 문�열 %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= 명령�는 0보다 � 정수 ��가 필요합니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "'%s' 레�런스� :strip할 구성 요소 %ld개가 없습니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 %.*s 형� %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "없는 오브�트 %s, %s� 대해"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "%s� parse_object_buffer 실패 (%s� 대해)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 잘못� 형�� 오브�트"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "�가진 �름 %s� 레�런스를 무시합니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "�가진 레�런스 %s 무시"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "형�: %%(end) 아톰� 없습니다"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 형�� 오브�트 �름 %s"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "%s � %s�(를) 모� %s� 가져올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s�(는) 보통 %s�(를) 추�하고, %s�(를) 추�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s�(는) %s � %s 모� 추�합니다"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "내부 오류"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD가 브랜치를 가리키지 않습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "그런 브랜치가 없습니다: '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치� 대해 업스트림� 설정하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "업스트림 '%s' 브랜치가 리모트 추� 브랜치로 저장�지 않았습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr "리모트 '%2$s'� 푸시 대� '%1$s'� 로컬 추� 브랜치가 없습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치� 푸시 리모트가 없습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대한 푸시 레�런스명세� '%s'�(가) 들어 있지 않습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "푸시� 대�� 없습니다 (push.default가 'nothing'입니다)"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "하나� 대�� 대해 'simple' 푸시를 처리할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "현재 브랜치가 '%s' 기반�지만, 업스트림� 없어졌습니다.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (바로잡으려면 \"git branch --unset-upstream\"� 사용하십시오)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "브랜치가 '%s'� 맞게 업��트� �태입니다.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "브랜치가 '%s'보다 %d개 커밋만� 앞� 있습니다.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (로컬� 있는 커밋� 제출하려면 \"git push\"를 사용하십시오)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] "브랜치가 '%s'보다 %d개 커밋 뒤� 있고, 앞으로 �릴 수 있습니다.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (로컬 브랜치를 업��트하려면 \"git pull\"� 사용하십시오)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"현재 브랜치와 '%s'�(가) 갈�졌습니다,\n"
+"다른 커밋� �� %d개와 %d개 있습니다.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (리모트� 브랜치를 현재 브랜치로 병합하려면 \"git pull\"� 사용하십시오)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "현재 브랜치가 �가진 것처럼 보입니다"
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "현재 '%s' 브랜치� 아� 아무 커밋� 없습니다"
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent 옵션� --bisect 옵션과 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "/dev/null 열기 실패"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) 실패"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "푸시 ��서 서명� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "받는 쪽�서 --signed 푸시를 지�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"받는 쪽�서 --signed 푸시를 지�하지 않으므로 푸시 ��서를 보내지 않습니다"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "받는 쪽�서 --atomic 푸시를 지�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"� 충�� 해결한 뒤�, 바로잡� 경로를\n"
+"'git add <경로>' �는 'git rm <경로>'로 표시하십시오"
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"� 충�� 해결한 뒤�, 바로잡� 경로를\n"
+"'git add <경로>' �는 'git rm <경로>'로 표시하십시오.\n"
+"그리고 결과물� 'git commit'으로 커밋하십시오"
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "%s� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "%s 잠그는� 오류"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "로컬 변경 사항� cherry-pick 때문� �어 쓰게 �니다."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "로컬 변경 사항� revert 때문� �어 쓰게 �니다."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "변경 사항� 스테�징하거나 스태시한 다� 계�하십시오."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: 새 ��스 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "HEAD 커밋� 처리할 수 없습니다\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "�시 트리를 업��트할 수 없습니다\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 커밋� 파싱할 수 없습니다\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "%s �전 커밋� 파싱할 수 없습니다\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "��스 파�� 병합�지 않았습니다."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "%s 커밋� 병합�지만 -m 옵션� 주어지지 않았습니다."
+
+# FIXME: "parent %d" 번호가 무슨 �미?
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Commit %s 커밋� �전 커밋 %d�(가) 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "메���� 지정했지만 %s 커밋� 병합 커밋� 아닙니다."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s �전 커밋� 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "%s� 대한 커밋 메시지를 가져올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "다�� ��릴(revert) 수 없습니다: %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "다�� �용할(apply) 수 없습니다: %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "빈 커밋 모�� 건너 �니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: ��스 �기� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: ��스 새로 고침� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "%2$s �안 %1$s 할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "%d번 줄� 파싱할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "파싱한 커밋� 없습니다."
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "%s�(를) �� 수 없습니다."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "사용 불가능 �스트럭션 파�: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 키: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "%s� 값� 올바르지 않습니다: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "형�� 잘못� 옵션 파�: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "�미 커밋 빼오기(cherry-pick) �는 ��리기(revert)가 진행 중입니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "\"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\" 명령� 해 보십시오"
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "%s 시퀀서 디렉터리를 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "%s 잠그는� 오류."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "빼오기(cherry-pick) �는 ��리기(revert)가 진행 중�지 않습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD를 구해 올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "새로 만들고 있는 브랜치�서 중지할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) �� 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "예�치 못하게 파�� �났습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "빼오기 전� 저장한 HEAD 파��('%s') ���었습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "%s� �매팅할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s 커밋� 빼올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: 잘못� 리비전"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "최초� 커밋� ��릴 수 없습니다"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "빈 헤드로 커밋� 빼올 수 없습니다."
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) �는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "깃 저장소 버전 <= %d 버전� 기대하지만, %d 버전� 발견�었습니다"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 저장소 확장� 있습니다:"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "오프셋� 묶� 파� 앞입니다 (�가진 .idx?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr "오프셋� %s� 묶� ��스 시작보다 앞입니다 (�가진 ��스?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr "오프셋� %s� 묶� ��스 �보다 뒤입니다 (�가진 ��스?)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"깃�서는 보통 40개� 16진수 문�로 �나는 레�런스를 만들지 않습니다.\n"
+"16진수 문� 40�를 지정했� 때 � 레�런스가 무시�기 때문입니다. �\n"
+"레�런스는 실수로 만들어졌� 수� 있습니다. 예를 들어,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"여기서 \"$br\"� 비어 있으므로 40� 레�런스가 만들어집니다. � 레�런스를\n"
+"확�해 보시고 잘못 만들어진 것�면 지우십시오. � 메시지를 보고 싶지\n"
+"않으면 \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\" 명령� 사용하십시오."
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"병합하지 않� .gitmodules를 바꿀 수 없습니다. 병합 충�� 먼저 해결하십시오"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "경로가 %s� 때 .gitmodules� 섹션� 찾� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr ".gitmodules 항목 %s�(를) 업��트할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "%s� 대한 .gitmodules 항목� 제거할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "업��트한 .gitmodules를 커밋할 사항으로 표시하는� 실패"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "submodule.fetchJobs 값� �수를 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "%s� 값� 올바르지 않습니다"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "트레�러 명령 '%s' 실행 실패"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 값 '%s', 키 '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "%s�(가) 여러개입니다"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "트레�러 '%.*s'�서 빈 트레�러 토�"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 입력 파�� �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "%s� 대해 stat()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "'%s' 파�� �반 파�� 아닙니다"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "사용�가 %s 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "임시 파�� 열 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "임시 파� �름� '%s'(으)로 바꿀 수 없습니다"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "%s 레�런스를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"다� 파�� 로컬 변경 사항� 체�아웃 때문� �어 쓰게 �니다:\n"
+"%%s브랜치를 전환하기 전� 변경 사항� 커밋하거나 스태시하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"다� 파�� 로컬 변경 사항� 체�아웃 때문� �어 쓰게 �니다:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"다� 파�� 로컬 변경 사항� 병합 때문� �어 쓰게 �니다:\n"
+"%%s병합하기 전� 변경 사항� 커밋하거나 스태시하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "다� 파�� 로컬 변경 사항� 병합 때문� �어 쓰게 �니다."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"다� 파�� 로컬 변경 사항� %s 때문� �어 쓰게 �니다:\n"
+"%%s%s 전� 변경 사항� 커밋하거나 스태시하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"다� 파�� 로컬 변경 사항� %s 때문� �어 쓰게 �니다:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"다� 디렉터리를 업��트하면 그 안� 추�하지 않는 파�� 잃어버립니다:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"체�아웃 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� 제거�니다:\n"
+"%%s브랜치를 전환하기 전� � 파�� 옮기거나 제거하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"체�아웃 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� 제거�니다:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"병합 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� 제거�니다:\n"
+"%%s병합하기 전� � 파�� 옮기거나 제거하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"병합 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� 제거�니다:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"%s 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� 제거�니다:\n"
+"%%s%s 하기 전� � 파�� 옮기거나 제거하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� 제거�니다:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"체�아웃 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� �어�니다:\n"
+"%%s브랜치를 전환하기 전� � 파�� 옮기거나 제거하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"체�아웃 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� �어�니다:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"병합 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� �어�니다:\n"
+"%%s병합하기 전� � 파�� 옮기거나 제거하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"병합 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� �어�니다:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"%s 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� �어�니다:\n"
+"%%s%s 하기 전� � 파�� 옮기거나 제거하십시오."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� �어�니다:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "'%s' 항목� '%s'와(과) 겹칩니다.  묶� 수 없습니다."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"드문 체�아웃� 업��트할 수 없습니다; 다� 항목� 최신으로 업��트�지 않았습니다:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"드문 체�아웃 업��트 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� �어�니다:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"드문 체�아웃 업��트 때문� 추�하지 않는 다� 작업 �� 파�� 제거합니다:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "중지함\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "파�� 가져옵니다"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "URL 스킴 �름� 잘못�었거나 '://'가 뒤� 붙지 않았습니다"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "잘못� %XX �스케�프 시퀀스"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "호스트가 없고 스킴� 'file:'� 아닙니다"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "'file:' URL�는 �트 번호를 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "호스트 �름� 잘못� 문�"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "잘못� �트 번호"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "경로�서 잘못� '..' 부분"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "�기와 쓰기용으로 '%s'�(를) 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 쓰기용으로 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) �기용으로 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 접근할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "현재 작업 디렉터리를 가져올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 쓰기용으로 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "%s� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 닫� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "병합하지 않� 경로:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (스테�지 해제하려면 \"git reset %s <파�>...\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (스테�지 해제하려면 \"git rm --cached <파�>...\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (해결했다고 표시하려면 \"git add <파�>...\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (해결했다고 표시하려면 알맞게 \"git add/rm <파�>...\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (해결했다고 표시하려면 \"git rm <파�>...\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "커밋할 변경 사항:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "커밋하�� 정하지 않� 변경 사항:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (무엇� 커밋할지 바꾸려면 \"git add <파�>...\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (무엇� 커밋할지 바꾸려면 \"git add/rm <파�>...\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (작업 ��� 변경 사항� 버리려면 \"git checkout -- <파�>...\"� 사용하십"
+"시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (하위 모듈� 추��지 않는 파��나 수정� 내용� 커밋하거나 버리십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (커밋할 사항� �함하려면 \"git %s <파�>...\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "양쪽�서 삭제:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "� 쪽�서 추가:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "저 쪽�서 삭제:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "저 쪽�서 추가:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "� 쪽�서 삭제:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "양쪽�서 추가:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "양쪽�서 수정:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "bug: 병합하지 않� �태 %x 처리�지 않�"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "새 파�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "복사함:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "삭제함:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "수정함:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "�름 바꿈:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "종류 바뀜:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "알 수 없�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "병합하지 않�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "새 커밋, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "수정한 내용, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "추�하지 않� 내용, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "버그: 처리�지 않� diff �태 %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "변경�었지만 업��트하지 않� 하위 모듈:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "커밋할 하위 모듈� 변경 사항:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"위� 줄� 바꾸지 마십시오.\n"
+"아래 있는 내용� 모� 제거�니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "병합하지 않� 경로가 있습니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (충�� 바로잡고 \"git commit\"� 실행하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "모든 충�� 바로잡았지만 아� 병합하는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (병합� 마무리하려면 \"git commit\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "am 세션 중간� 있습니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "현재 패치가 비어 있습니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (충�� 바로잡� 다� \"git am --continue\"를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (� 패치를 건너 뛰려면 \"git am --skip\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (�본 브랜치를 복구하려면 \"git am --abort\"를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "완료한 명령 없�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "최근 완료한 명령 (%d개 명령 완료):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  (�세한 정보는 %s 파� 참고)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "명령� 남아있지 않�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "다�� 할 명령 (%d개 명령 남�):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  (보고 편집하려면 \"git rebase --edit-todo\"를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "현재 '%s' 브랜치를 '%s' 위로 리베�스하는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "현재 리베�스하는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (충�� 바로잡고 \"git rebase --continue\"를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (� 패치를 건너뛰려면 \"git rebase --skip\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (�본 브랜치를 가져오려면 \"git rebase --abort\"를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (모든 충�� 바로잡았습니다: \"git rebase --continue\"를 실행하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "현재 '%s' 브랜치를 '%s' 위로 리베�스하는 중 커밋� 분리하는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "현재 리베�스하는 중 커밋� 분리하는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (작업 ��가 깨�해지면, \"git rebase --continue\"를 실행하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치를 '%s' 위로 리베�스하는 중 커밋� 편집하는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "리베�스 중� 커밋� 편집하는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (현재 커밋� 수정하려면 \"git commit --amend\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  (변경 사항� 만족할 때 \"git rebase --continue\"를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "현재 %s 커밋� 뽑아 내고 있습니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (충�� 바로잡고 \"git cherry-pick --continue\"를 실행하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (모든 충�� 바로잡았습니다: \"git cherry-pick --continue\"를 실행하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (뽑기 작업� 취소하려면 \"git cherry-pick --abort\"를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "현재 %s 커밋� ��리는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (충�� 바로잡고 \"git revert --continue\"를 실행하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (모든 충�� 바로잡았습니다: \"git revert --continue\"를 실행하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (��리기 작업� 취소하려면 \"git revert --abort\"를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "'�등분하는 중입니다. '%s' 브랜치부터 시작."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "'�등분하는 중입니다."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (�래 브랜치로 �아가려면 \"git bisect reset\"� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "현재 브랜치 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "대화형 리베�스 진행 중. 갈 위치는 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "리베�스 진행 중. 갈 위치는 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD가 다� 위치�서 분리: "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD가 다�으로부터 분리: "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "현재 어떤 브랜치� 사용하지 않�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "최초 커밋"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "추�하지 않는 파�"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "무시한 파�"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"추�하지 않는 파�� 모� 확�하는� %.2f초가 걸렸습니다.\n"
+"'status -uno' 옵션� 쓰면 빨�질 수� 있지만, 새 파��\n"
+"�접 찾아서 추가해야 합니다. ('git help status' 참고)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "추�하지 않는 파�� 보지 않습니다%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (추�하지 않는 파�� 보려면 -u 옵션� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "변경 사항 없�"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"커밋할 변경 사항� 추가하지 않았습니다 (\"git add\" �/�는 \"git commit -a"
+"\"를\n"
+"사용하십시오)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "커밋할 변경 사항� 추가하지 않았습니다\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"커밋할 사항� 추가하지 않았지만 추�하지 않는 파�� 있습니다 (추�하려면 "
+"\"git\n"
+"add\"를 사용하십시오)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "커밋할 사항� 추가하지 않았지만 추�하지 않는 파�� 있습니다\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"커밋할 사항 없� (파�� 만들거나 복사하고 \"git add\"를 사용하면 추�합니"
+"다)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "커밋할 사항 없�\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"커밋할 사항 없� (추�하지 않는 파�� 보려면 -u 옵션� 사용하십시오)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "커밋할 사항 없�, 작업 �� 깨�함\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "최초 커밋, 브랜치: "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (브랜치 없�)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "없�"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "다� 뒤�: "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "다� 앞�: "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 파� 삭제� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<옵션>] [--] <경로명세>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "예�치 못한 diff �태 %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "파� 업��트가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "'%s' 제거\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "��스를 새로 고친 다� 커밋 표시하지 않� 변경 사항:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "��스를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "'%s' 파�� 쓰기용으로 열 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "패치를 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "패치 편집� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) stat()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "빈 패치. 중지."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) �용할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "다� 경로는 .gitignore 파� 중 하나 때문� 무시합니다:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "가짜로 실행"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "�세히 표시"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "대화�으로 고릅니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "대화�으로 변경� 부분� 선�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "현재 diff를 편집하고 �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "무시하는 파�� 추가를 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "추��는 파�� 업��트합니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "나중� 추가할 것��는 사실만 기�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "추��고 추��지 않는 모든 파�� 변경 사항� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "작업 ���서 제거한 경로를 무시합니다 (--no-all과 ��)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "추가하지 않고 ��스만 새로 고칩니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "오류 때문� 추가할 수 없는 파�� 건너�니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "가짜로 실행했� 때 파�� 무시하는지 확�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "정�로 추가하려면 -f 옵션� 사용하십시오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "파� 추가가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A � -u 옵션� 서로 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr ""
+"--ignore-missing 옵션� --dry-run 옵션과 같� 사용할 경우�만 쓸 수 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "아무 것� 지정하지 않았으므로 아무 것� 추가하지 않습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "'git add .' 명령� 실행하려고 한 것 아니었습니까?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "��스 파�� ���었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "새 ��스 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�서 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "작성� 스�립트를 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "applypatch-msg 훅 때문� '%s'�(가) 삭제�었습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "잘못� 형�� 입력 줄: '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�서 '%s'(으)로 노트를 복사하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "fseek 실패"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 패치를 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "한번� 하나� StGIT 패치 시리즈만 �용할 수 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "시�� 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "Date 줄� 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "시간대 오프셋� 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "패치 형� 검색� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 디렉터리 만들기가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "패치를 쪼개는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "��스 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "� 문제를 해결했� 때 \"%s --continue\"를 실행하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr "� 패치를 건너뛰려면, 그 대신 \"%s --skip\"� 실행하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"�래 브랜치를 복구하고 패치 �용� 중지하려면 \"%s --abort\"를 실행하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "패치가 비어 있습니다. 잘못 쪼개지지 않았나요?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 신� 줄: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "%s 커밋� 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr "저장소� 3-방향 병합으로 대신할 때 필요한 블롭� 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "��스 정보를 사용해 기본 트리를 다시 만듭니다..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"패치를 �접 편집하셨습니까?\n"
+"� 패치는 ��스� 기�� 블롭�는 �용�지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "베�스 패치 �용 � 3-방향 병합으로 대신합니다..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "변경 사항�서 병합하는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree가 트리를 쓰는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "빈 커밋 내역� 대해 �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "커밋 오브�트를 쓰는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "다시 시작할 수 없습니다: %s�(가) 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"터미�� 표준 입력� 연결�지 않� �태�서 대화형으로 실행할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "커밋 본문�:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr "�용? 예[y]/아니오[n]/편집[e]/패치 보기[v]/모� �용[a]: "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "변경� ��스: 패치를 �용할 수 없습니다 (dirty: %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "�용하는 중: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "변경 사항 없� -- 패치가 �미 �용�었습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "패치가 %s %.*s 위치�서 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "실패한 패치� 복사본� 다� 위치� 있습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"변경 사항� 없습니다 - 'git add' 사용� 잊으셨습니까?\n"
+"커밋으로 표시할 사항� 남아 있지 않으면, �미 같� 패치�서 �용�\n"
+"경우� 수� 있습니다. 그런 경우�는 � 패치를 건너뛰면 �니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"��스� 병합하지 않� 경로가 남아 있습니다.\n"
+"'git add' 사용� 잊지 않으셨습니까?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "'%s' 오브�트를 파싱할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "��스 지우기� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"마지막 'am' 실패 �후 HEAD를 옮긴 것 같습니다.\n"
+"ORIG_HEAD로 ��리지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "--patch-format 옵션� 대해 잘못� 값: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<옵션>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<옵션>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "대화형으로 실행합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "아무 �작� 하지 않습니다 (과거부터 있었� 옵션)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "필요하면 3-방향 병합으로 대신하�� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "간략히 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "커밋 메시지� Signed-off-by 줄� 남�니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "UTF-8 �코딩으로 변환합니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "git-mailinfo� -k 옵션� �니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "git-mailinfo� -b 옵션� �니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "git-mailinfo� -m 옵션� �니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "mbox 형�� 대해 git-mailsplit� --keep-cr 옵션� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr ""
+"am.keepcr� 무관하게 git-mailsplit� --keep-cr 옵션� 사용하지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "절취선 앞� 모든 사항� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "�작"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "git-apply� 넘�니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "최�위"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "경로"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134 builtin/pull.c:193
+#: builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182 builtin/show-branch.c:645
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340 parse-options.h:132
+#: parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "개수"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "형�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "패치� 형�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "패치 실패가 발�했� 때 오류 메시지 대신 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "충�� 해결한 다� 패치 �용� 계�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "--continue 옵션과 ��"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "현재 패치 건너뛰기"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr "�래 브랜치를 복구하고 패치 �용 작업� 중지합니다."
+
+# NOTE: 옵션� �미는 �게 맞다. �문�서는 사용�가
+# --committer-date-is-author-date�는 옵션� 보고 �미를 알 수 있다고 가정하고 있다.
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "커미터 시�� 작성� 시�으로 넣습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "현재 시�� 작성� 시�으로 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "키-ID"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "GPG 서명 커밋"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(git-rebase를 위한 내부 용�)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"-b/--binary 옵션� 오랜 시간 �안 아무 �작� 하지 않았으므로, �\n"
+"옵션� 제거� 예정입니다. �제 사용하지 마십시오."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "��스 �기� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "�전 리베�스 디렉터리 %s�(가) 아� 있고 mbox를 지정했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"벗어난 %s 디렉터리가 발견�었습니다.\n"
+"제거하려면 \"git am --abort\"를 사용하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "해소 작업� 진행 중입니다. 다시 시작하지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<옵션>] [<패치>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 공백 옵션 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 공백 무시 옵션 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "타임스탬프 정규�� 준비할 수 없습니다 (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec()�서 다� 입력� 대해 %d번� 리턴했습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "패치� %d번 줄� 파� �름� 찾� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: 잘못� git-diff - %2$d번 줄�서 /dev/null� 기대했지만, '%1$s'�"
+"(가) 왔습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: 잘못� git-diff - %d번 줄� 새 파� �름� 올바르지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: 잘못� git-diff - %d번 줄� 예전 파� �름� 올바르지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: 잘못� git-diff - %d번 줄�서 /dev/null� 기대했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: 예�치 못한 줄: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "%d번 줄� 헤� 없는 패치 부분: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"경로 �름 부분�서 %d개를 제거� 때 git diff 헤�� 파� �름 정보가 없습니"
+"다. (%d번 줄)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "새 파�� 예전 내용� �존합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "삭제한 파�� 아� 내용� 들어 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "패치가 %d번 줄�서 �가졌습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "새 파� %s�(가) 예전 내용� �존합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "삭제한 파� %s�(가) 아� 내용� 들어 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** 경고: %s 파�� 내용� 비어 있지만 삭제�지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "%d번 줄� 바�너리 패치가 ���었습니다: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "%d번 줄� 바�너리 패치가 �해할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "%d번 줄� 쓰레기 ��터만 있는 패치"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "%s 심볼릭 ��를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 열거나 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "줄 시작� 잘못�: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "패치 %d번 부분 %d번 줄�서 성공 (오프셋 %d줄)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "컨�스트가 (%ld/%ld)로 줄어듭니다. (%d번 줄�서 �용)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"다�� 검색하� 중:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대한 바�너리 패치 ��터가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "바�너리 패치를 '%s'� �용할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s'� 대한 바�너리 패치가 올바르지 않� 결과를 만듭니다. (기대한 값 %s, 실"
+"제 %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "패치 실패: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 가져올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "%s �기가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "심볼릭 �� 뒤� 있는 '%s' �기"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "%s 경로가 �름� 바뀌었거나 삭제�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: ��스� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: ��스와 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "제거하는 패치 다�� 파� 내용� 남았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: 잘못� 종류"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s� 종류가 %o�지만 %o�(가) �어야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� 경로 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: �미 ��스� 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: �미 작업 디렉터리� 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "%2$s� 새 모드(%1$o)가 예전 모드(%3$o)와 다릅니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "%2$s� 새 모드(%1$o)가 %4$s� 예전 모드(%3$o)와 다릅니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "�향 받는 '%s' 파�� 심볼릭 �� 뒤� 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: 패치를 �용하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "%s 패치를 확�하는 중입니다..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "경로 '%s'� 대해 make_cache_entry 실패"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "��스�서 %s�(를) 제거할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 %s� 대해 ��� 패치"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "새로 만든 파� '%s'� 대해 stat()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "새로 만든 파� '%s'� 대해 예비 저장소를 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "%s� 대해 �시 항목� 추가할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 파�� 닫는 중입니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "'%s' 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다 ('%o' 모드)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "%s 패치 깔�하게 �용."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "내부 오류"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "%%s 패치를 (%d개 거부) �용..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "truncating .rej 파� �름� '%.*s.rej'(으)로 �름"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 열 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "패치 부위 #%d 깔�하게 �용."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "패치 부위 #%d 거부�."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "패치 '%s' 건너뜀."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "��할 수 없는 입력"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "��스 파�� �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "주어진 경로� 해당하는 변경 사항� �용하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "주어진 경로� 해당하는 변경 사항� �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "전통�� diff 경로 앞� <개수>개� 앞 슬래시(/)를 제거합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "패치�서 추가하는 파�� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "패치를 �용하는 대신, 입력� 대한 diffstat� 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "십진수로 추가 � 삭제한 줄 수를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "패치를 �용하는 대신, 입력� 대한 요약� 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "패치를 �용하는 대신, 패치를 �용 가능한지 확�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "현재 ��스�서 패치가 �용 가능한지 확�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "작업 ��를 바꾸지 않고 패치를 �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "작업 �역 밖� 파�� 바꾸는 패치를 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "그리고 패치� �용합니다 (--stat/--summary/--check 옵션과 같� 사용)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "패치를 �용하지 않으면 3-방향 병합� 시�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "내장 ��스 정보를 사용해 임시 ��스를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "경로를 NUL 문�로 구분합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "최소한 <n>줄� 컨�스트와 �치하는지 확�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "공백 오류가 있는 추가�거나 수정� 줄� 찾습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "컨�스트를 찾� 때 공백 변경 사항� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "패치를 반대 순서로 �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "최소한� 컨�스트 한 줄� 없� �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "거부� 패치 부분� 대��는 *.rej 파�� 남겨둡니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "패치 부분� 겹�� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "파� �� 줄바꿈� 빠졌�� 잘못 검색한 경우� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "패치 부분� 헤�� 줄 수를 신용하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "모든 파� �름� <최�위>를 앞� 붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "저장소 밖�서 --3way 옵션 사용"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "저장소 밖�서 --index 옵션 사용"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "저장소 밖�서 --cached 옵션 사용"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 패치를 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "공백 오류 %d개를 넘어갑니다"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d줄�서 공백 오류를 추가합니다."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 아카�브 파�� 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "출력 방향� �릴 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: URL 없는 리모트"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: ACK/NAK가 와야 하지만, EOF를 받았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "리모트 오류: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: 프로토콜 오류"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: 파� �� 예�함"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "'git bisect next'를 수행합니다"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "현재 커밋� 가져오는 대신 BISECT_HEAD를 업��트합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<옵션>] [<리비전-옵션>] [<리비전>] [--] <파�>"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<리비전-옵션>� git-rev-list(1)� 설명�어 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "블레임 줄"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "블레임 항목� 찾�마� �진�으로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "가장�리 커밋� 대해 빈 SHA-1� 표시합니다 (기본값: 꺼�)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "최�위 커밋� 가장�리 커밋으로 취급하지 않습니다 (기본값: 꺼�)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "작업 비용 통계를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "강제로 진행 �황� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "블레임 항목� 대해 출력 �수를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "�래 파� �름 표시 (기본값: ��)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "�래 줄 번호 표시 (기본값: 하지 않�)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "컴퓨터 처리용으로 설계� 형�으로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "줄마다 커밋 정보가 표시�는 사용�용 형�으로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "git-annotate와 ��한 형�� 사용합니다 (기본값: 꺼�)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "내부 형�으로 시�� 표시합니다 (기본값: 꺼�)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "길게 커밋 SHA1� 표시합니다 (기본값: 꺼�)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "작성� �름과 시�� 표시하지 않습니다 (기본값: 꺼�)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "작성� �름 대신� 전�메�� 표시합니다 (기본값: 꺼�)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "공백 문� 차��� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "� �치하는 항목� 찾는� � 시간� 소모합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "git-rev-list를 호출하는 대신 <파�>�서 리비전� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "<파�>� 내용� 최종 �미지로 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "�수"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "파� 내부와 파� 사�� 복사� 줄� 찾습니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "파� 내부와 파� 사�� 옮겨진 줄� 찾습니다"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "n,m줄 (1번 줄부터 시작) 사�� 범위만 처리"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4년 11달 전"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<옵션>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<옵션>] [-l] [-f] <브랜치-�름> [<시작-지�>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<옵션>] [-r] (-d | -D) <브랜치-�름>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<옵션>] (-m | -M) [<과거-브랜치>] <새-브랜치>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<옵션>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' 브랜치를 삭제합니다. � 브랜치는 '%s'�\n"
+"         병합�었지만, HEAD�는 병합�지 않았습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' 브랜치를 삭제하지 않습니다. � 브랜치는 '%s'�\n"
+"         병합�지 않았지만, HEAD�는 병합�었습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대한 커밋 오브�트를 찾아볼 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' 브랜치가 완전히 병합�지 않았습니다.\n"
+"정�로 삭제하려면 'git branch -D %s' 명령� 실행하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "config-file 업��트가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "-a 옵션� -d 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD� 대한 커밋 오브�트를 찾아볼 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%2$s' 위치� 체�아웃한 '%1$s' 브랜치를 삭제할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "리모트 추� '%s' 브랜치가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "리모트 추� '%s' 브랜치를 삭제하는� 오류"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치를 삭제하는� 오류"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "리모트 추� '%s' 브랜치를 삭제합니다. (과거 %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "%s 브랜치 삭제 (과거 %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: 사��]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d개 뒤]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%d개 뒤]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d개 앞]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%d개 앞]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d개 앞, %d개 뒤]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%d개 앞, %d개 뒤]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** 잘못� 레�런스 ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(브랜치 없�, %s 리베�스)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(브랜치 없�, �등분 %s�서 시작)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD %s 위치�서 분리�)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD %s(으)로부터 분리�)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(브랜치 없�)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "%s 브랜치를 %s 위치� 리베�스합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "%s 브랜치를 %s 위치�서 bisect합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "브랜치 위� 없으면서 현재 브랜치 �름� 바꿀 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� 브랜치 �름: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "브랜치 �름 바꾸기 실패"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "�름� 잘못� '%s' 브랜치� �름� 다르게 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "브랜치 �름� %s(으)로 바꾸지만, HEAD를 업��트하지 않습니다!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "브랜치� �름� 바꾸지만, config-file 업��트가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "브랜치 설명 서�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "�반 옵션"
+
+# FIXME: give twice?
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "해시와 제목� 표시하고, 업스트림 브랜치� 대한 위치를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "여러가지 안내 메시지를 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "추� 모드를 설정합니다 (git-pull(1) 참고)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "업스트림 정보를 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "업스트림"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "업스트림 정보를 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "여러 색으로 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "리모트 추� 브랜치� 대해 �작합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "커밋� 있는 브랜치만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "특정 git-branch �작:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "리모트와 로컬� 브랜치 목�� 모� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "완전히 병합� 브랜치를 삭제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "브랜치를 삭제합니다 (병합�지 않았���)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "브랜치와 그 reflog를 옮기거나 �름� 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "대�� �미 있��� 브랜치를 옮기거나 �름� 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "브랜치 �름 목�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "브랜치� reflog를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "브랜치� 설명� 편집합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "강제로 만들고, 옮기거나 �름� 바꾸고, 삭제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "병합�는 브랜치만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "병합�지 않는 브랜치만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "목�� 여러 열로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "키"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "정렬한 기준� �는 필드 �름"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "오브�트"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "해당 오브�트� 브랜치만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "HEAD를 올바른 레�런스로 구해내는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "레�런스/헤드 아래� HEAD가 없습니다!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column � --verbose 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "브랜치 �름� 필요합니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "분리� HEAD� 대한 설명� 부여할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "여러 브랜치� 대한 설명� 편집할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "아� '%s' 브랜치� 커밋� 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "�름� '%s'� 브랜치가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "�름 바꾸기 작업� 대해 브랜치가 너무 많습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "새 업스트림� 설정하는� 브랜치가 너무 많습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"HEAD� 업스트림� %s(으)로 설정할 수 없습니다. 어떤 브랜치� 가리키지 않습니"
+"다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "그런 브랜치가 ('%s') 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "업스트림 설정� 해제하는� 브랜치가 너무 많습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"HEAD� 업스트림 설정� 해제할 수 없습니다. 어떤 브랜치� 가리키지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치� 업스트림 정보가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "'HEAD'를 수�으로 만드는 건 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"'git branch'� 대해 -a � -r 옵션� 브랜치 �름과 같� 쓰면 앞뒤가 맞지 않습"
+"니다"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"--set-upstream 옵션� � �� 사용�지 않고 제거� 예정입니다. --track �는 "
+"--set-upstream-to 옵션� 사용해 보십시오\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"'%s'�(를) 만들고 '%s'�(를) 추�하게 하려면, 다�� 하십시오:\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s 정�입니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "번들� 만드려면 저장소가 필요합니다."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "번들� 해제하려면 저장소가 필요합니다."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|<종류"
+">|--textconv) <오브�트>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<종류>는 다� 중 하나가 � 수 있습니다: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "오브�트 종류를 봅니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "오브�트 �기를 봅니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "오류가 없� 때 0� 리턴하고 �냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "오브�트� 내용� 예�게 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "블롭 오브�트� 대해서는, 오브�트� 내용� 대해 textconv를 실행합니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "-s � -t 옵션� ��� 오브�트� 대해 �작하�� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "--batch 출력� 대해 버��합니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 입력� 오브�트� 정보와 내용� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 입력� 오브�트� 정보를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr ""
+"트리 내부� 심볼릭 ��를 따�갑니다 (--batch �는 --batch-check와 같� 사용)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "--batch �는 --batch-check�서 모든 오브�트를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <�성>...] [--] <경로�름>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <�성>...]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "파�� 설정� 모든 �성� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "��스�서만 .gitattributes를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 파� �름� �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "NUL 문�를 기준으로 �료 입력 � 출력� 멈춥니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "진행 �황 표시를 하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "�치하지 않는 입력 경로를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "검사할 때 ��스를 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "--stdin으로 경로 �름� 지정할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z 옵션� --stdin 옵션과 같� �야만 �미가 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "경로를 지정하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet 옵션� 하나� 경로 �름과 같� �야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "--quiet � --verbose 옵션� 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching 옵션� --verbose 옵션과 같� �야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<옵션>] <연�처>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "� 연�처를 표준 입력�서 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "연�처를 파싱할 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "연�처를 지정하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<옵션>] [--] [<파�>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "스테�지는 1�서 3 사�� 값�거나 all�어야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "��스� 모든 파�� 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "기존 파�� 강제로 �어 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "기존 파�과 ��스� 없는 파�� 대해 경고하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "새 파�� 가져오지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "��스 파�� stat 정보를 업��트합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 경로� 목�� �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "내용� 임시 파�� �니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "문�열"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "파�� 만들 때, 앞� <문�열>� 붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "지정한 스테�지�서 파�� 복사해 옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<옵션>] <브랜치>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<옵션>] [<브랜치>] -- <파�>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로� 우리쪽 버전� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로� �대편 버전� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로� 필요한 모든 버전� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로� 필요한 버전� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로: 병합할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대한 병합 결과를 추가할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' 옵션� 업��트하는 경로�서 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' 옵션� %s 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "경로를 업��트하고 '%s' 브랜치로 전환하는 �� �시� 할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "��� ��스 파�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "'%s' 경로를 병합하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "현재 ��스를 먼저 해결해야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대해 reflog할 수 없습니다: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD� 현재 위치는"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD를 업��트할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치 리셋\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�미 '%s'� 있습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치로 전환하고 리셋합니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "새로 만든 '%s' 브랜치로 전환합니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "'%s' 브랜치로 전환합니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... 그리고 %d개 �.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"경고: 브랜치 중� 아무것�� 연결�지 않� 커밋� 뒤�\n"
+"%d개 있습니다:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"새 브랜치를 만들어서 � 커밋� 저장하고 싶으면, 지금 다�과\n"
+"같� 할 수 있습니다:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <새-브랜치-�름> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "리비전 walk� 내부 오류"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "�전 HEAD 위치는"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "현재 위치가 만들 예정� 브랜치� 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "하나� 레�런스만 지정해야 하지만 %d개를 지정했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 레�런스: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "레�런스가 트리가 아닙니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "브랜치를 전환하는� 경로를 사용할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' 옵션� 브랜치를 전환할 때 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 옵션� '%s' 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "브랜치를 커밋� 아닌 '%s'(으)로 전환할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "브랜치"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "새 브랜치를 만들고 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "브랜치를 만들거나 리셋하고 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "새 브랜치� 대한 reflog를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "지정한 커밋�서 HEAD를 분리합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "새 브랜치� 대한 업스트림 정보를 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "새-브랜치"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "�위 브랜치가 없는 새 브랜치"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "병합�지 않� 파�� 대해 우리쪽 버전� 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "병합�지 않� 파�� 대해 �대편 버전� 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "강제로 체�아웃합니다 (로컬�서 수정한 사항� 버립니다)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "새 브랜치� 대해 3-방향 병합� 수행합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "무시하는 파�� 업��트합니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "스타�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "충� 스타� (merge �는 diff3)"
+
+# FIXME: �미 불명
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "경로명세를 드문 항목�만 제한하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "'git checkout <없는-브랜치>'� 대해 추측합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr "다른 작업��� 주어진 레�런스가 있는지 확�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "강제로 진행 �황� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B � --orphan 옵션� 서로 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track 옵션� 브랜치 �름� 필요합니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "브랜치 �름� 없습니다. -b 옵션� 사용해 보십시오"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "경로 명세가 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"�시� 경로를 업��트하고 '%s' 브랜치로 전환할 수 없습니다.\n"
+"커밋� 확�할 수 없는 '%s'�(를) 가져오려고 하셨습니까?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach 옵션� 경로 ��를 받지 않습니다 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force � --merge 옵션� ��스�서\n"
+"가져올 경우�는 서로 호환�지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <패턴>] [-x | -X] [--] <경로>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 제거\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 제거할 예정\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 저장소 건너뜀\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 저장소 건너뛸 예정\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "%s 제거� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"프롬프트 �움�:\n"
+"1          - 해당 번호� 항목� 선�\n"
+"foo        - 유�한 접�어� 해당하는 항목 선�\n"
+"           - (빈 입력) 선�하지 않�"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"프롬프트 �움�:\n"
+"1          - 해당 번호� 항목� 선�\n"
+"3-5        - 해당 범위� 항목� 선�\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - 여러 개 범위를 선�\n"
+"foo        - 유�한 접�어� 해당하는 항목 선�\n"
+"-...       - 해당 항목 선� 해제\n"
+"*          - 모든 항목 선�\n"
+"           - (빈 입력) 선� 마침"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "어�� (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "무시할 패턴� 입력하십시오>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "경고: 다�� 해당하는 항목� 찾� 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "삭제할 항목� 선�하십시오"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "%s 제거합니까 [y/N]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "�."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - 지우기 시작\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - 삭제할 항목� 번호로 선�\n"
+"ask each            - 삭제 항목� (\"rm -i\" 처럼) 하나하나 확�\n"
+"quit                - 지우기 중지\n"
+"help                - � 화면 표시\n"
+"?                   - 프롬프트 선� �움�"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** 명령 ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "무엇� 할까요"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "다� 항목� 제거할 예정입니다:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "지울 파�� �제 없으므로 �냅니다."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "제거할 파� �름� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "강제"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "대화형 지우기"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "전체 디렉터리 제거"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "패턴"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "규칙� 무시하려면 <패턴>� 추가하십시오"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "무시한 파�� 제거"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "무시한 파�만 제거"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x � -X 옵션� 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce가 true로 설정�었고 -i, -n, -f 옵션 중 하나� 쓰지 않았습"
+"니다. 지우지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce 기본값� true�고 -i, -n, -f 옵션 중 하나� 쓰지 않았습니"
+"다. 지우지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<옵션>] [--] <저장소> [<디렉터리>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "체�아웃� 만들지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "간략한 저장소를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "미러 저장소를 만듭니다 (간략한 저장소로 취급)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "로컬 저장소�서 복제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "로컬 하드��를 사용하지 않고, 항� 복사합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "공유 저장소로 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "복제한 결과물�서 하위 모듈� 초기화합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "병렬�으로 복제하는 하위모듈 개수"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "서�-디렉터리"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "서�� 사용할 디렉터리 위치"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "레�런스 저장소"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "복제할 경우�만 --reference를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "�름"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "업스트림 추�� 'origin' 대신 <�름>� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "리모트� HEAD 대신 <브랜치>를 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "리모트� git-upload-pack 경로"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667 builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "깊�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "지정한 깊�� 얕� 복제를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "하나� 브랜치만 복제합니다 (HEAD �는 --branch로 지정)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "모든 복제한 하위 모듈� 얕� 모듈입니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "깃 디렉터리를 작업 ��와 별개� 위치� 놓습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "키=값"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "새 저장소 안�서 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "IPv4 주소만 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "IPv6 주소만 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"디렉터리 �름� 알아낼 수 없습니다.\n"
+"명령행�서 디렉터리를 지정하십시오"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr ""
+"레�런스 '%s' 저장소를 연결� 체�아웃으로 쓰기는 아� 지�하지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "레�런스 '%s' 저장소가 로컬 저장소가 아닙니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "레�런스 '%s' 저장소가 얕� 저장소입니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "레�런스 '%s' 저장소가 붙어 있는 저장소입니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "'%s'�(가) 있지만 디렉터리가 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대해 stat()� 실패했습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' ��를 만드는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "파�� '%s'(으)로 복사하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "완료.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"복제가 성공했지만, 체�아웃� 실패했습니다.\n"
+"'git status' 명령으로 무엇� 체�아웃했는지 살펴볼 수 있고\n"
+"'git checkout -f HEAD'로 체�아웃� 다시 할 수 있습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "복제할 리모트� %s 브랜치를 찾� 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "연결� 확�하는 중입니다..."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "리모트�서 필요한 오브�트를 모� 보내지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 업��트할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr "리모트 HEAD가 없는 레�런스를 참고하므로, 체�아웃할 수 없습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "작업 ��를 체�아웃할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "파�미터를 설정 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "정리용으로 repack할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "보조 임시 파�� 삭제할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "너무 ��가 많습니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "복제할 저장소를 지정해야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare � --origin %s 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare � --separate-git-dir 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "'%s' 저장소가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "깊�가(%s) 0보다 � 수가 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "대� 경로가('%s') �미 있고 빈 디렉터리가 아닙니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "작업 ��가('%s') �미 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 앞 디렉터리를 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "작업 디렉터리를('%s') 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "간략한 저장소로('%s') 복제합니다...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "'%s'� 복제합니다...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--depth 옵션� 로컬 복제�서 무시�니다. 대신� 'file://'� 사용하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "�본 저장소가 얕� 저장소�므로, --local 옵션� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local 옵션� 무시�니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "%s� 복제 방법� 알지 못합니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "리모트� %s 브랜치가 업스트림 %s� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "빈 저장소를 복제한 것처럼 보입니다."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "설정 변수를 찾아 봅니다"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "사용할 배치"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "최대 너비"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "왼쪽 가장�리� 채울 공백"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "오른쪽 가장�리� 채울 공백"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "열 사�� 채울 공백"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command는 첫 번째 ��여야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<옵션>] [--] <경로명세>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<옵션>] [--] <경로명세>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�름과 전�메� 주소를 사용� �름과 호스트 �름� �용해서 ��으로\n"
+"설정했습니다. � 정보가 맞는지 확�하십시오. � 메시지를 보지 않으려면 정보"
+"를\n"
+"명시�으로 설정하십시오. 다� 명령어를 실행하고 편집기� 안내� 따� 설정\n"
+"파�� 편집하십시오:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"�렇게 한 다�, � 커밋� 사용한 신� 정보를 다�과 같� 해서 바꿀 수 있습니"
+"다:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�름과 전�메� 주소를 사용� �름과 호스트 �름� �용해서\n"
+"��으로 설정했습니다. � 정보가 맞는지 확�하십시오. � 메시지를\n"
+"보지 않으려면 정보를 명시�으로 설정하십시오:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"내 �름\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"�렇게 한 다�, � 커밋� 사용한 신� 정보를 다�과 같� 해서 바꿀 수 있습니"
+"다:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"최초� 커밋� 바꾸려고 하지만, 그렇게 하면 커밋� 비어 있게 �니다.\n"
+"--allow-empty 옵션과 같� � 명령� 반복할 수� 있고, \"git reset HEAD\"\n"
+"명령으로 커밋� 완전히 제거할 수� 있습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�전 커맷 빼오기가 비어 있습니다. 아마� 충� 해결 과정�서 그렇게 ��\n"
+"것입니다. 그래� 커밋하려면 다�과 같� 하십시오:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "아니면 'git reset'� 사용하십시오\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"� 커밋� 건너뛰려면, 다�� 사용하십시오:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"그 다�� \"git cherry-pick --continue\"를 하면 나머지 커밋�\n"
+"대해 커밋 빼오기를 다시 시작합니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "HEAD 트리 오브�트� 묶�� 푸는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "임시 ��스를 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "대화형 추가가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "임시 ��스를 업��트할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "주요 �시 트리를 업��트하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "new_index 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "병합하는 중 부분 커밋� 할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "커밋 빼오기를 하는 중 부분 커밋� 할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "��스를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "임시 ��스 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "'%s' 커밋� 작성� 헤�가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "'%s' 커밋� 작성� 헤� 형�� 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "--author 파�미터 형�� 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "시� 형�� 잘못�었습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"현재 커밋 메시지�서 사용�지 않는 주� 문�를\n"
+"선�할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "%s 커밋� 찾아볼 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(표준 입력�서 로그 메시지를 ��)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 로그 메시지를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 로그 파�� �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "SQUASH_MSG를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "MERGE_MSG를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "커밋 서�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"병합� 커밋하려는 것으로 보입니다.\n"
+"그렇지 않다면, 다� 파�� 지우고,\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"다시 시�하십시오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"커밋 빼오기를 커밋하려는 것으로 보입니다.\n"
+"그렇지 않다면, 다� 파�� 지우고,\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"다시 시�하십시오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"변경 사항� 대한 커밋 메시지를 입력하십시오. '%c' 문�로 시작하는\n"
+"줄� 무시�고, 메시지를 입력하지 않으면 커밋� 중지�니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"변경 사항� 대한 커밋 메시지를 입력하십시오. '%c' 문�로 시작하는\n"
+"줄� 보존�니, 필요하면 �접 제거하십시오. 메시지를 입력하지\n"
+"않으면 커밋� 중지�니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%s작성�:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%s시�:      %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%s커미터: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "��스를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "트리를 만드는� 오류"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "메시지를 -m �는 -F 옵션으로 입력하십시오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' 옵션� '�름 <전�메�>' 형�� 아니고 기존 작성��� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "추��지 않는 파� 모드가 ('%s') 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long � -z 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "--reset-author � --author 옵션� 모� 사용하면 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "바꿀 사항� 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "병합 중� 있습니다 -- 커밋� 바꿀 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "커밋 빼오기 중� 있습니다 -- 커밋� 바꿀 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--squash � --fixup 옵션� 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "-c/-C/-F/--fixup 옵션 중� 하나만 사용할 수 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "-m 옵션� -c/-C/-F/--fixup 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author 옵션� -C, -c �는 --amend 옵션과 같� �야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"--include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch 옵션 중 하나만 사용할 수 있습니"
+"다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "경로가 없� --include/--only 옵션� 쓰면 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "기발하네요... 마지막� 변경� ��스로 바꿉니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+"-i �는 -o 없� 명시�� 경로를 지정했습니다. --only 경로를 가정합니다..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 정리 모드 %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "-a 옵션과 경로를 같� 사용하면 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "�태를 간략하게 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "브랜치 정보를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "컴퓨터가 �� 수 있는 형�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "긴 형�으로 �태를 표시합니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "NUL 문�로 항목� �냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "모드"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"추��지 않는 파�� 표시합니다. 추가 옵션: all, normal, no (기본값: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "무시�는 파�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "언제"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"하위 모듈� 변경� 무시합니다. 추가 옵션: all, dirty, untracked. (기본값: "
+"all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "추��지 않는 파�� 목�� 여러 열로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "새로 만든 커밋� 찾아볼 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "새로 만든 커밋� 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD 분리�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (최�위-커밋)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "성공�� 커밋 후� 요약� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "커밋 메시지 서�� diff를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "커밋 메시지 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "파��서 메시지를 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "작성�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "커밋� 작성�를 지정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "시�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "커밋� 시�� 지정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "메시지"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "커밋 메시지"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "커밋"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "지정한 커밋� 메시지를 재사용하고 편집합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "지정한 커밋�서 메시지를 재사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr "지정한 커밋� 수정하는� autosquash 형� 메시지를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr "지정한 커밋� 합치는� autosquash 형� 메시지를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "커밋� 내가 작성한 것으로 만듭니다 (-C/-c/--amend와 같� 사용)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "Signed-off-by: 줄� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "지정한 서� 파�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "커밋 편집� 강제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "기본값"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "메시지�서 공백과 #주�� 지�니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "커밋 메시지 서�� �태를 �함합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "GPG 서명 커밋"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "커밋 내용 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "변경� 파�� 모� 커밋합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "지정한 파�� 커밋할 ��스� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "대화형으로 파�� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "대화형으로 변경 사항� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "지정한 파�만 커밋합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "커밋 전 후�를 건너�니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "무엇� 커밋할지 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "바로 앞 커밋� 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "다시쓰기 후 후�를 건너�니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "빈 변경 사항� 기�하�� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "빈 메시지와 같� 변경 사항� 기�하�� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "HEAD 커밋� 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "��� MERGE_HEAD 파� (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "MERGE_MODE를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "커밋 메시지를 �� 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "커밋� 중지합니다. 메시지를 편집하지 않았습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "커밋� 중지합니다. 커밋 메시지가 비어 있습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"저장소를 업��트했습니다. 하지만 new_index 파�� 쓸 수\n"
+"없습니다. 디스�가 꽉 차지 않았고 제한 용량� 넘어가지\n"
+"않았는지 확�하십시오. 그리고 'git reset HEAD'로 복구하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "설정 파� 위치"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "공통 설정 파�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "시스템 설정 파�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "저장소 설정 파�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "지정한 설정 파�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "블롭-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "지정한 블롭 오브�트�서 설정� �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "�작"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "값� 가져옵니다: <�름> [<값-정규�>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "모든 값� 가져옵니다: <키> [<값-정규�>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "정규�� 대한 값� 가져옵니다: <�름-정규�> [<값-정규�>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "<URL>� 특정�는 값� 가져옵니다: <섹션>[.<변수>] <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "해당하는 변수를 모� 제거합니다: <�름> <값> [<값-정규�>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "새 변수를 추가합니다: <�름> <값>"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "변수를 제거합니다: <�름> [<값-정규�>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "해당하는 항목� 모� 제거합니다: <�름> [<값-정규�>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "섹션� �름� 바꿉니다: <옛-�름> <새-�름>"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "섹션� 제거합니다: <�름>"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "전체 목�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "편집기를 엽니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "설정한 색� 찾습니다: slot [<기본값>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "색 설정� 찾습니다: slot [<표준출력�-TTY�지-여부>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "값 종류"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "값� \"true\" �는 \"false\"입니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "값� 십진수입니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "값� --bool �는 --int입니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "값� 경로(파� �는 디렉터리 �름)입니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "기타"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "값� NUL 바�트로 �냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "변수 �름만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "찾아볼 때 include 지시어를 고려합니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr "설정� 출처를 표시합니다 (파�, 표준 입력, 블롭, 명령행)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "기본 색 값� 파싱할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# 깃� 사용�별 설정 파�입니다.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# 다� 줄� 알맞게 고치고 앞� 주�� 제거하십시오:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "%s 설정 파�� 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "사람� �기 좋� 형�으로 �기를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<옵션>] [<커밋-따위>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<옵션>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "주� 달린 %s 태그를 사용할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "주� 달린 %s 태그� 내장� �름� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "'%s' 태그가 실제 여기 '%s'입니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "올바른 오브�트 �름� 아닙니다 (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s�(는) 올바른 '%s' 오브�트가 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "어떤 태그� '%s'와(과) 정확히 �치하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 설명� 위해 검색하는 중\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "%s�서 검색 마침\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"어떤 주� 달린 태그� '%s'�(를) 설명하지 않습니다.\n"
+"하지만 주� 달리지 않� 태그가 있습니다: --tags 옵션� 해 보십시오."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"어떤 태그� '%s'�(를) 설명할 수 없습니다.\n"
+"--always 옵션� � 보거나, 태그를 만들어 보십시오."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "커밋 %lu개를 가로질렀습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"태그를 %i개 넘게 찾았습니다. 가장 최근� %i개 목��\n"
+"표시합니다. %s 위치�서 검색� 중지합니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "커밋 다�� 오는 태그를 찾습니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "표준 오류�서 검색 전략� 디버깅합니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "모든 레�런스를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "모든 태그를, 주� 달리지 않� 태그까지 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "항� 긴 형�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "첫 번째 �전 커밋만 따�갑니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "정확히 �치하는 항목만 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "<n>개� 가장 최근� 태그만 고려합니다 (기본값: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "<패턴>과 �치하는 태그만 고려합니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "대안으로 요약한 커밋 오브�트를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "표시"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "변경� 작업 ��� <표시>를 뒤� 붙입니다 (기본값: \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long 옵션� --abbrev=0 옵션과 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "�름� 없습니다. 아무것� 설명할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty 옵션� 커밋같� 항목과 호환�지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s': �반 파��나 심볼릭 ��가 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 옵션: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "깃 저장소가 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "잘못� '%s' 오브�트가 주어졌습니다."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "� 개보다 많� 블롭� 주어졌습니다: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "처리하지 않� '%s' 오브�트가 주어졌습니다."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-옵션]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "오브�트 <n>개 뒤� 진행 �황� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "서명한 태그� 처리 방�� 선�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "필터�한 오브�트� 대한 태그� 처리 방�� 선�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "� 파�로 표시를 내보냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "� 파��서 표시를 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "태그� 태그붙� 사람� 없� 때 가짜로 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "커밋 마다 전체 트리를 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "스트림� �내는� 완료 기능� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "블롭 ��터� 출력� 건너�니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "레�런스명세"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "레�런스명세를 내보낸 레�런스� �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "출력� �명화합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<옵션>] [<저장소> [<레�런스명세>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<옵션>] <그룹>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<옵션>] [(<저장소> | <그룹>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "모든 리모트�서 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "�어쓰지 �고 .git/FETCH_HEAD� �붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "리모트 쪽� 묶�� 업로드할 경로"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "로컬 브랜치를 강제로 �어�니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "여러 리모트�서 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "모든 태그와 관련 오브�트를 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "모든 태그를 가져오지 않습니다 (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "병렬�으로 받아오는 하위모듈 개수"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "리모트� �제 없는 리모트 추� 브랜치를 잘�냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "주문형"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 재귀�으로 가져오기 방�� 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "다운로드한 묶�� 보존합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "HEAD 레�런스 업��트를 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "얕� 복제� 커밋 내역� 깊게 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "완전한 저장소로 전환합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "디렉터리"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 출력� 앞� � 디렉터리를 붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "재귀 기본 모드"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr ".git/shallow를 업��트하는 레�런스를 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "레�런스맵"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "레�런스맵 가져오기를 지정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "리모트 레�런스 HEAD를 찾� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "%s 오브�트가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[최신 �태]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (현재 브랜치�서 가져올 수 없�)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[거부�]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[태그 업��트]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (로컬 레�런스를 업��트할 수 없�)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[새로운 태그]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[새로운 브랜치]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[새로운 레�런스]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "로컬 레�런스를 업��트할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "강제 업��트"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(정방향 진행� 아님)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s�(가) 모든 필요한 오브�트를 보내지 않았습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "얕� 최�위� 업��트가 허용�지 않으므로 %s�(를) 거부합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "%.*s URL�서\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"업��트할 수 없는 로컬 레�런스가 있습니다. 과거 충� 브랜치를\n"
+" 제거하려면 'git remote prune %s' 명령� 실행해 보십시오"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s 레�런스가 연결� �어지게 �니다)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s 레�런스가 연결� �어졌습니다)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[삭제�]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(없�)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "간략한 저장소가 아닌 저장소� 현재 %s 브랜치로 가져오기를 거절합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "\"%s\" 옵션� \"%s\" 값� %s� 대해 올바르지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "\"%s\" 옵션� '%s'� 대해 무시�니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "'%s'�서 가져오는 방법� 알 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 가져오는 중\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 가져올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"리모트 저장소를 지정하지 않았습니다. 새 리비전� 가져올 수 있는\n"
+"URL�나 리모트 �름� 지정하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "태그 �름� 지정해야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth � --unshallow 옵션� 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"완전한 저장소� 대해 --unshallow 옵션� 사용하는 건 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all 명령� 저장소 ��가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all 명령� 레�런스명세 ��와 같� 쓰면 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "그런 리모트나 리모트 그룹� 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "그룹� 가져오고 레�런스명세를 지정하면 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <메시지>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <파�>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "shortlog�서 최대 <n>개 로그를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "--log와 �� (없어질 예정)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "�스트"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "<�스트>를 시작 메시지로 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "�어들� 파�"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<옵션>] [<패턴>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points-at <오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<오브�트>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<오브�트>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "셸� �합하게 플레�스홀�를 �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "펄� �합하게 플레�스홀�를 �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "파��� �합하게 플레�스홀�를 �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "티�� �합하게 플레�스홀�를 �용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "<n>개� 해당하는 레�런스만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "출력� 사용할 형�"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "주어진 오브�트를 가리키는 레�런스만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "병합하는 레�런스만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "병합하지 않는 레�런스만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "커밋� �함� 레�런스만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "연결� 확�하는 중입니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "오브�트 디렉터리를 확�하는 중입니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<옵션>] [<오브�트>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "�근할 수 없는 오브�트를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "연결� �어진 오브�트를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "태그를 알립니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "최�위 노드를 알립니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "��스 오브�트 헤드 노드를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "reflog 헤드 노드를 만듭니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "묶�과 보조 오브�트� 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "연결만 확�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "� 엄격하게 확�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr ".git/lost-found 안� 연결� �어진 오브�트를 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "진행 �황� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "오브�트를 확�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� %s: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "비정��으로 긴 오브�트 디렉터리 %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"마지막 가비지컬렉터�서 다�� 알려왔습니다. ��� 바로잡�\n"
+"다� %s 파�� 제거하십시오.\n"
+"� 파�� 제거하기 전�는 �� 정리 작업� 수행하지 않습니다.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "레�런스하지 않는 오브�트를 잘�냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "� �세히 검사합니다 (실행 시간 늘어남)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "�� 가비지컬렉터 모드를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "�미 가비지컬렉터가 실행 중���� 강제로 가비지컬렉터를 실행합니다"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "최� 성능� 위해 백그�운드�서 ��으로 저장소� 묶�� 만듭니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "최� 성능� 위해 ��으로 저장소� 묶�� 만듭니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "수� 관리 작업� \"git help gc\" 내용� 참고하십시오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"가비지컬렉터가 �미 '%s' 컴퓨터�서 %<PRIuMAX> PID로 실행 중입니다 (아니면 --"
+"force를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"�슨한 오브�트가 너무 많습니다. 제거하려면 'git prune'� 실행하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<옵션>] [-e] <패턴> [<리비전>...] [[--] <경로>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: 스레드를 만드는� 실패했습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 스레드 수를 %2$s� 대해 지정했습니다 (%1$d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "트리를 �� 수 없습니다 (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "종류가 %s� 오브�트�서 grep� 할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "`%c' 옵션�는 숫� 값� 와야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "작업 �� 대신� ��스�서 검색합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "깃으로 관리하지 않� 내용�서 찾습니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "추��는 파�과 추��지 않는 파� 모��서 검색합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "'.gitignore'로 지정한 파�� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "�치하지 않는 줄� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "대소문� 구별하지 않고 맞춥니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "단어 경계 부분� 대해서만 패턴� 맞춥니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "바�너리 파�� �스트로 처리합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "바�너리 파��서 패턴� 맞추지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "textconv 필터를 사용해 바�너리 파�� 처리합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "최대 <깊�> 단계만� 내려갑니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "POSIX 확장 정규�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "기본 POSIX 정규�� 사용합니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "패턴� 고정 문�열로 해�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "펄과 호환�는 정규�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "줄 번호를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "파� �름� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "파� �름� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "파� �름� 최�위 디렉터리 �대 경로로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "�치하는 줄� 표시하지 않고 파� �름만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "--files-with-matches 옵션과 ��"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "�치하지 않는 파�� �름만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "파� �름 다�� NUL� 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "�치하는 줄� 표시하지 않고 �치하는 수를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "�치하는 부분� 강조합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "다른 파� 사�� �치하는 부분� 사�� 빈 줄� 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "같� 파��서 여러 개가 �치하면 파� �름� 한 번만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "�치하는 부분 앞뒤� 컨�스트를 <n>줄 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "�치하는 부분 앞� 컨�스트를 <n>줄 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "�치하는 부분 뒤� 컨�스트를 <n>줄 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "<n>개� 작업 스레드를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "-C NUM 옵션� 줄임"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "�치 항목 앞� 함수 �름 줄� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "들어 있는 함수를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "파��서 패턴� �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "<패턴>과 �치"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "-e 옵션으로 지정한 패턴� 결합합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "출력하지 않고 �치하는 항목� exit() �태 번호로 리턴합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "모든 패턴과 �치하는 파�� �치하는 부분만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "grep 표현�� 대한 파싱 트리를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "페�저"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "�치하는 파�� 페�저 프로그램�서 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "grep(1) 실행� 허용합니다 (� 빌드�서는 무시)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "패턴� 지정하지 않았습니다."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "잘못� 스레드 수를 지정했습니다 (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager 옵션� 작업 ���서만 �작합니다"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr ""
+"--cached �는 --untracked 옵션� --no-index 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index �는 --untracked 옵션� 리비전과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard 옵션� 추��는 내용� 대해 쓸 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "--cached 옵션과 트리를 모� 지정했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <종류>] [-w] [--path=<파�> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <파�>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "종류"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "오브�트 종류"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "오브�트를 오브�트 ��터베�스로 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 오브�트를 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "파�� 필터 없� 그대로 저장합니다"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr "임�� 쓰레기 ��터를 해시해 ��� 오브�트를 만듭니다 (디버깅용)"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "파�� � 경로�서 온 것처럼 처리합니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "사용 가능한 모든 명령� 목�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "유용한 안내서 목�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "맨 페�지를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "웹 브�우저�서 설명서를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "�� 페�지를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<명령>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' �움� �맷� ��할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "emacsclient 시작� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "emacsclient 버전 파싱� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "emacsclient '%d' 버전� 너무 과거 (< 22) 버전입니다."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "실행 실패: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': 지�하지 않는 맨 페�지 보기 프로그램 경로.\n"
+"대신� 'man.<�구>.cmd' 옵션� 사용해 보십시오."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': 지�하지 않는 맨 페�지 보기 프로그램 명령.\n"
+"대신� 'man.<�구>.path' 옵션� 사용해 보십시오."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s': 알 수 없는 맨 페�지 보기 프로그램."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "요청� 처리한 맨 페�지 보기 프로그램� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "요청� 처리한 �� 페�지 보기 프로그램� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "경로마다 �성 정�하기"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "매�매� 사용하는 20개 내외� 깃 명령"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "깃 용어 사전"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "���으로 추�하지 않는 파�� 무시하게 지정하기"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 �성 정�하기"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "깃� 리비전 � 범위를 지정하기"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "깃 따�하기 안내서 (버전 1.5.1 �후)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "추천하는 깃 활용 작업 순서� 개요"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "�주 사용하는 깃 안내서는 다�과 같습니다:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "사용법: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "`git %s' 명령� `%s' 명령� 단축입니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "오브�트 종류가 맞지 않습니다 (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "예�한 %s 오브�트를 받지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "%s 오브�트: 예�한 종류 %s, 실제 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "%d 바�트를 채울 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "너무 빨리 파�� �남"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "입력� �기 오류"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "있는 바�트보다 � 많� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "현재 정�� off_t� 비해 묶�� 너무 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 묶� 파�� 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "묶� 서명� 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "묶�� %<PRIu32> 버전� 지�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "묶�� %lu 오프셋� 잘못� 오브�트가 있습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "inflate가 %d번� 리턴했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "�타 베�스 오브�트� 대해 오프셋 값� 오버플로우"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "�타 베�스 오프셋� 범위를 벗어났습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 오브�트 종류 %d번"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "묶� 파�� 대해 pread를 할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "묶� 파�� 너무 �� �남. %lu 바�트 부족"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "심�한 inflate 부조화"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "SHA1 충�� %s�서 발견�었습니다!"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "기존 %s 오브�트를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 블롭 오브�트 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "잘못� %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "오브�트� 오류"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "%s� 모든 하위 오브�트� 접근할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "�타를 �용하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "오브�트를 받는 중"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "오브�트 ��스를 만드는 중"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "묶�� ���었습니다 (SHA1 �치하지 않�)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "묶� 파�� 대해 fstat()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "묶�� �� 쓰레기 ��터가 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "parse_pack_objects()�서 극심한 혼란"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "�타를 알아내는 중"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "스레드를 만들 수 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "극심한 혼란"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "로컬 오브�트 %d개 마침"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "%s� 대해 예�치 못한 테� 체�섬 (디스� ��?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "묶�� 알아내지 못한 �타 %d개가 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "추가한 오브�트를 deflate할 수 없습니다 (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "%s 로컬 오브�트가 ���었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "묶� 파�� 닫는� 오류"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 보존 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "쓴 '%s' 보존 파�� 닫지 못했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "묶� 파�� 저장할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "��스 파�� 저장할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "잘못� pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "스레드 기능� 없습니다. %s 무시"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "기존 '%s' 묶� 파�� 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대한 기존 묶� idx 파�� 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "�타 아님: 오브�트 %d개"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "체� 길� = %d: 오브�트 %lu개"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "'%s' 묶�파� �름� '.pack'으로 �나지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "현재 디렉터리로 �아올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "잘못� %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin 옵션� --stdin 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify 옵션� 묶�파� �름� 지정하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) stat()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 서�� stat()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) opendir()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) readlink()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) '%s'� symlink()할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) '%s'� 복사할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "%s 서�� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "%s� 서�� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s'�서 서�� 복사하지 않습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s 파�� �미 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "파� 종류 %d번� 처리할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) %s(으)로 옮길 수 없습니다"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s 깃 저장소, 위치 %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "다시 초기화: 기존"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "초기화: 빈"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " 공유"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<서�-디렉터리>] [--shared[=<권"
+"한>]] [<디렉터리>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "권한"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "깃 저장소를 다른 사용�가 공유할 수 있게 지정"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "%s� 대해 mkdir를 할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "%s� 대해 chdir를 할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (�는 --work-tree=<디렉터리>) 허용�지 않�. %s (�는 --git-"
+"dir=<directory>) 지정� 없으면"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "작업 �� '%s'� 접근할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <토�>[(=|:)<"
+"값>])...] [<파�>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "파�� �접 편집합니다"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "빈 트레�러를 잘�냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "트레�러"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "추가할 트레�러"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "파� �접 편집� 입력 파�� 지정하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<옵션>] [<리비전-범위>] [[--] <경로>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<옵션>] <오브�트>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "잘못� --decorate 옵션: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "diff를 출력하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "소스를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "메� 맵 파�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "꾸미기 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "파��서 n,m 범위� 줄� 처리합니다 (1부터 시작)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "최종 출력: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: 잘못� 파�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "%s 오브�트를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 종류: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers 설정� 값� 없�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "출력 디렉터리� �름� 너무 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "%s 패치 파�� 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "정확히 하나� 범위가 필요합니다."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "범위가 아닙니다."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "커버레터는 전�메� 형��어야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "정신나간 in-reply-to 헤�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<옵션>] [<시작시�> | <리비전-범위>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "출력 디렉터리가 �개?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 커밋 %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 올바른 레�런스로 알아내는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "정확한 병합 기준�� 찾� 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+"업스트림� 가져오는� 실패했습니다. 베�스 커밋� ��으로 기�하려면,\n"
+"'git branch --set-upstream-to' 명령으로 �격 브랜치를 추�하십시오.\n"
+"아니면 �접 '--base=<기준�-커밋-ID>' 옵션으로 기준� 커밋� 지정할\n"
+"수� 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "정확한 병합 기준�� 찾는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "기준� 커밋� 리비전 목�� �위 커밋�어야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "기준� 커밋� 리비전 목�� 들어 있으면 안 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "패치 ID를 알아낼 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "하나� 패치� 대해서� [PATCh n/m]� 붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "여러 개 패치� 대해서� [PATCH]를 붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "패치를 표준 출력으로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "커버레터를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "출력 파� �름� 간단한 �련 번호를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "확장�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "'.patch' 대신 <확장�>를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "패치 번호를 1 대신 <n>�서 시작합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "시리즈를 N번째 re-roll로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "[PATCH] 대신 [<접�어>]를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "결과 파�� <디렉터리>� 저장합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "[PATCH]를 �르거나 추가하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "바�너리 diff를 만들지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "From 헤��서 모� 0� 해시를 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "업스트림� 있는 패치를 �함하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "기본값 (패치 + 통계) 대신 패치 형�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "메시징"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "헤�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "전�메� 헤�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "전�메�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "To: 헤�를 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "Cc: 헤�를 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "신�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "<신�>�서 From 주소를 설정합니다 (없으면 커미터 주소 신� 사용)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "메시지-ID"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "첫 메�� <메시지-ID>� 대한 답장 메�로 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "경계"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "패치를 첨부합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "패치를 본문� �함합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "메시지� 스레드를 사용, 스타�: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "서명"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "서명� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "베�스-커밋"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "전제조건 트리 정보를 패치 시리즈� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "파��서 서명� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "패치 파� �름� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n � -k 옵션� 하나만 �야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix � -k 옵션� 하나만 �야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only 옵션� 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status 옵션� 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check 옵션� 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "표준 출력�나 디렉터리 중� 하나만 지정해야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 디렉터리를 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 서명 파�� �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "출력 파�� 만드는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<업스트림> [<헤드> [<한계값>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"추��는 리모트 브랜치를 찾� 수 없습니다. <업스트림>� 수�으로 지정하십시"
+"오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<옵션>] [<파�>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "파� �태를 태그와 같� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "'변경�지 않았다고 가정' 파�� 소문�를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "출력� �시� 파�� 표시합니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "출력� 삭제� 파�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "출력� 수정� 파�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "출력� 기타 파�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "출력� 무시� 파�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "출력� 커밋 표시� 내용� 오브�트 �름� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "파� 시스템�서 제거해야 하는 파�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "기타 디렉터리� �름만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "파�� 줄 �� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "빈 디렉터리 표시하지 않기"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "출력� 병합하지 않� 파�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "resolve-undo 정보를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "패턴� �치하는 파�� 건너�니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "제외할 패턴� <파�>�서 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "<파�>�서 추가�� 디렉토리별 제외 패턴� �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "표준 깃 제외 패턴� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "최�위 디렉토리 �대 경로로 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "<파�>� ��스 안� 없으면 오류로 취급합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "트리-따위"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "<트리-따위> 뒤로 제거한 경로가 있다고 가정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "디버깅 ��터를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<실행>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<저장소> [<레�런스>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "�격 URL� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "실행"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "�격 호스트� git-upload-pack 경로"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "태그� 한정"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "헤드� 한정"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "벗겨진 태그를 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "url.<베�스>.insteadOf 설정� 고려합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr "해당하는 레�런스가 없으면 코드 2번으로 �냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "레�런스와 레�런스가 가리키는 오브�트를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<옵션>] <트리-따위> [<경로>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "트리만 표시"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "하위 트리로 재귀�으로 �용"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "재귀�으로 �용할 때 트리 표시"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "항목� NUL 바�트로 �냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "오브�트 �기 �함"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "파� �름만 목� 표시"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "전체 경로 �름 사용"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "전체 트리 목� 표시, 현재 디렉터리만 아니� (--full-name 옵션 �함)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<옵션>] [<커밋>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<옵션>] <메시지> HEAD <커밋>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "`m' 옵션�는 값� 필요합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "'%s' 병합 전략� 찾� 수 없습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "사용 가능한 전략�:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "사용 가능한 사용� 설정 전략�:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "병합� �날 때 diffstat� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "병합� �날 때 diffstat� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(--stat 옵션과 ��)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "병합 커밋� 메시지� shortlog 항목� (최대 <n>개) 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "병합하는 대신 하나� 커밋� 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "병합� 성공하면 커밋� 합니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "커밋 전� 메시지를 편집합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "정방향 진행� 허용합니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "정방향 진행� 불가능하면 중지합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "�름 붙� 커밋� 올바른 GPG 서명� 있는지 검�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "ì „ëžµ"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "사용할 병합 전략"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "옵션=값"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "선�한 병합 전략� 대한 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "병합 커밋 메시지 (정방향� 아닌 병합� 대해)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "현재 진행 중� 병합� 중지합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "관계 없는 커밋 내역� 병합� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "stash를 실행할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "스태시 실패"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "올바른 오브�트가 아닙니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree 실패"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (합칠 내용� 없습니다)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "커밋 합치기 -- HEAD를 업��트하지 않습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "SQUASH_MSG를 쓰는 중"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "SQUASH_MSG를 마치는 중"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "병합 메시지가 없습니다 -- HEAD를 업��트하지 않습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s'�(가) 커밋� 가리키지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "잘못� branch.%s.mergeoptions 문�열: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "� 개� 헤드 병합 외�는 처리하지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "merge-recursive� 대해 알 수 없는 옵션: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "%s� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�서 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"병합� 커밋하지 않습니다. 병합� 마치려면 'git commit'� 사용하십시오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"왜 � 병합� 필요한지를 설명하는 커밋 메시지를 입력하십시오. 특히\n"
+"업스트림 업��트를 어떤 목�용 브랜치로 병합할 때는 반드시 그렇게\n"
+"하십시오.\n"
+"\n"
+"'%c' 문�로 시작하는 줄� 무시�고, 메시지가 비어 있으면 커밋�\n"
+"중지합니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "빈 커밋 메시지."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "훌륭합니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr "�� 병합� 실패했습니다. 충�� 바로잡고 결과물� 커밋하십시오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s'�(는) 커밋� 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "현재 브랜치가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "현재 브랜치� 대한 리모트가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "현재 브랜치� 대해 기본 업스트림� 지정하지 않았습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "리모트 %2$s�서 %1$s� 대한 리모트 추� 브랜치가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 닫� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "중지할 병합 작업� 없습니다. (MERGE_HEAD가 없�)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"병합� 마치지 않았습니다. (MERGE_HEAD 있�)\n"
+"병합하기 전� 변경 사항� 커밋하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"커밋 빼오기를 마치지 않았습니다. (COMMIT_PICK_HEAD 있�)\n"
+"병합하기 전� 변경 사항� 커밋하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "커밋 빼오기를 마치지 않았습니다. (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD 있�)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "--squash 옵션� --no-ff 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "커밋� 지정하지 않았고  merge.defaultToUpstream를 설정하지 않았습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "빈 헤드로 커밋� 합치기는 지�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "정방향� 아닌 커밋� 빈 헤드�서는 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - 병합할 수 있는 항목� 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "빈 헤드�는 정확히 하나� 커밋만 병합할 수 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "%s 커밋� 신뢰하지 않는 (서명�가 %s�고 하는) GPG 서명� 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "%s 커밋� 잘못� (서명�가 %s�고 하는) GPG 서명� 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "%s 커밋� GPG 서명� 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 커밋� %s� 올바른 GPG 서명� 없습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "관계 없는 커밋 내역� 병합� 거부합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "업��트 중 %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "아주 간단한 ��스 내부 병합� 시�합니다...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "아님.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "정방향� 불가능하므로, 중지합니다."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "트리를 본래 위치로 ��립니다...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "병합 전략 %s 시�...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "병합� 처리한 전략� 없습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "전략 %s(으)로 병합� 실패했습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "수� 해결� 준비를 위해 %s 전략� 사용합니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr "�� 병합� 잘 진행�었습니다. 요청한대로 커밋 전� 중지합니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <커밋> <커밋>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <커밋>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <커밋>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <커밋> <커밋>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <레�런스> [<커밋>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "모든 과거 공통 커밋� 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "하나� n-방향 병합� 대한 과거 커밋� 찾습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "다른 곳�서 접근 불가능한 리비전 목�� 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "첫번째가 다른 것� 과거 커밋�지 여부?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "<레�런스>� reflog�서 <커밋>� 분리� 위치를 찾습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<옵션>] [-L <�름1> [-L <orig> [-L <�름2>]]] <파�1> <본래-"
+"파�> <파�2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "결과를 표준 출력으로 보냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "diff3 기반 병합� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "충�� 발�하면, 우리쪽 버전� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "충�� 발�하면, �대편 버전� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "충�� 발�하면, 합친 버전� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "충�� 발�하면, � �기로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "충�� 대해 경고하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "<파�1>/<본래-파�>/<파�2>� 대한 레�블� 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "입력� NUL로 �납니다"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "없는 오브�트를 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "여러개 트리 만들기를 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<옵션>] <�본>... <대�>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "%s 디렉터리가 ��스� 있고 하위 모듈� 없습니다?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "계�하려면 .gitmodules� 변경 사항� 스테�지� 넣거나 스태시 하십시오"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s�(가) ��스� 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "대�� �미 있어� 강제로 옮기기/�름 바꾸기를 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "옮기기/�름 바꾸기 오류를 건너 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "대�� ('%s') 디렉터리가 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) '%s'(으)로 �름 바꾸기합니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "잘못� �본"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "디렉터리를 �기 �신으로 옮길 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "디렉터리를 파�로 옮길 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "�본 디렉터리가 비어 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "버전 컨트롤 중� 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "대�� 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' �어쓰기"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "�어쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "��한 대�� 대해 여러 개 �본"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "대� 디렉터리가 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, �본=%s, 대�=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "�름 바꾸기, '%s'�서 '%s'(으)로\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "'%s'� �름 바꾸기가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<옵션>] <커밋>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<옵션>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<옵션>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "�름만 표시 (SHA-1 없�)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "커밋� 지정할 때 태그만 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "<패턴>과 �치하는 레�런스만 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "모든 레�런스�서 접근 가능한 모든 커밋 목�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "표준입력�서 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "`정��지 않�' �름 표시를 허용합니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "입력� 태그 레�런스를 따�갑니다 (내부 사용)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <노트-레�런스>] [list [<오브�트>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <메시지> | -F <파"
+"�> | (-c | -C) <오브�트>] [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <노트-레�런스>] copy [-f] <�본-오브�트> <대�-오브�트>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <쪽지-레�런스>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <메시지> | -F <"
+"파�> | (-c | -C) <오브�트>] [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <쪽지-레�런스>] edit [--allow-empty] [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <노트-레�런스>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <전략>] <노트-레�런스>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <노트-레�런스>] remove [<오브�트>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <노트-레�런스>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <노트-레�런스>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<오브�트>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<옵션>] [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<옵션>] <�본-오브�트> <대�-오브�트>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<�본-오브�트> <대�-오브�트>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<옵션>] [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<옵션>] <쪽지-레�런스>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<오브�트>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 오브�트� 대해 'show'를 시작할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "'show' 출력� �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "오브�트 '%s'� 대해 'show'를 마치는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 파�� 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "노트 내용� -m �는 -F 옵션으로 입력하십시오"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "노트 오브�트를 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "노트 내용� %s� 남습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 열거나 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "'%s' 오브�트 �기� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "블롭� 아닌 '%s' 오브�트� 대해 노트 ��터를 �� 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "파�미터가 너무 많습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "%s 오브�트� 대해 노트가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "문�열로 노트 내용"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "파� 안� 노트 내용"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "지정한 노트 오브�트를 재사용하고 편집합니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "지정한 노트 오브�트를 재사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "빈 노트 저장� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "기존 노트를 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"노트를 추가할 수 없습니다. %s 오브�트� 대한 기존 노트가 있습니다. 기존 노트"
+"를 �어쓰려면 '-f' 옵션� 사용하십시오"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 오브�트� 대한 기존 노트를 �어�니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "%s 오브�트� 대한 노트를 제거합니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 오브�트를 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "<명령>� 대한 다시쓰기 설정� �어들입니다 (--stdin 옵션 �함)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "파�미터가 너무 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"노트를 복사할 수 없습니다. %s 오브�트� 대한 기존 노트가 있습니다. 기존 노트"
+"를 �어쓰려면 '-f' 옵션� 사용하십시오"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "�본 %s 오브�트� 대한 노트가 없습니다. 복사할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"-m/-F/-c/-C 옵션� 'edit' 하위 명령� 대해 사용� 권하지 않습니다.\n"
+"대신� 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' 명령� 사용하십시오.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "�반 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "병합 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"주어진 전략� 사용해 노트 충�� 해결합니다 (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "병합하지 않� 노트 커밋"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "병합하지 않� 노트를 커밋해 노트 병합� 마칩니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "노트 병합 해결 중지"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "노트 병합� 중지합니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "%s 위치로 노트 병합� �미 %s�서 진행중입니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "%s 오브�트� 노트가 없습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "없는 노트를 제거하려는 시�를 오류가 아닌 것으로 취급합니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 오브�트 �름� �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "노트-레�런스"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "<노트-레�런스>�서 노트를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 하위 명령: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<옵션>...] [< <레�런스목�> | < <오브�트목�>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [<옵션>...] <베�스�름> [< <레�런스목�> | < <오브�트목�"
+">]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "deflate 오류 (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr "배트맵 쓰기를 하지 않습니다. 묶�� pack.packSizeLimit 값� 따� 쪼개집니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "오브�트 쓰는 중"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "묶�� 들어있지 않� 오브�트가 있으므로, 비트맵 쓰기를 하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "오브�트 압축하는 중"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "지�하지 않는 ��스 버전 %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� ��스 버전 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "진행률� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "진행률� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "오브�트 쓰기 단계�서 진행률� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "진행률� 표시� 때 --all-progress와 비슷합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "버전[,오프셋]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "지정한 버전� ��스 형�� 따� 묶� ��스 파�� �니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "출력 묶� 파�� 최대 �기"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "보조 오브�트 저장소�서 빌려온 오브�트를 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "묶� 오브�트를 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "묶� 윈�우를 오브�트 단위로 제한합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "묶� 윈�우를 오브�트 단위� 추가로 메모리 단위로 제한합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "결과물 묶��서 허용�는 최대 길�� �타 체�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "기존 �타를 재사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "기존 오브�트를 재사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "OFS_DELTA 오브�트를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "최�� �타 �치를 검색하는� 스레드를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "빈 묶� 출력� 만들지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 리비전 ��를 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "묶지 않는 오브�트 수를 제한합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "모든 레�런스�서 접근 가능한 오브�트를 �함합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "reflog 항목�서 레�런스할 수 있는 오브�트를 �함합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "��스�서< 레�런스하는 오브�트를 �함합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "묶�� 표준 출력으로 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "묶�� 들어갈 오브�트를 레�런스하는 태그 오브�트를 �함합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "접근 불가능 오브�트를 보존합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "시�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "<시�>보다 새로운 접근 불가능 오브�트� 묶�� 풉니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "얇� 묶�� 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "얕� 가져오기� �합한 묶�� 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "해당하는 .keep 파�� 있는 묶�� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "묶� 압축 단계"
+
+# FIXME: graft?
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "붙어 있는 커밋� 숨기지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "가능하면 비트맵 ��스를 사용해 오브�트 세기 ��를 높입니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "묶� ��스와 같� 비트맵 ��스를 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "오브�트 개수 세는 중"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "모� 묶습니다"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "�슨한 레�런스를 잘�냅니다 (기본값)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "중복� 오브�트 제거"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <시�>] [--] [<헤드>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "제거하지 않고, 보여주기만 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "잘�낸 오브�트를 알립니다"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "<시�>보다 오래 � 오브�트가 만료�니다"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "precious-objects 저장소�서 잘�낼 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [<옵션>] [<저장소> [<레�런스명세>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "병합 관련 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "변경 사항� �용할 때 병합하는 대신 리베�스합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "정방향 진행� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "지정한 커밋� 올바른 GPG 서명� 있는지 검�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "리베�스 전과 후� stash � stash pop� ��으로 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "가져오기 관련 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "병렬�으로 풀� 실행할 하위모듈 개수"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "pull.ff� 대해 잘못� 값: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr ""
+"리베�스로 풀� 할 수 없습니다: 스테�징하지 않� 변경 사항� 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "추가로, ��스� 커밋하지 않� 변경 사항� 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+"리베�스로 풀� 할 수 없습니다: ��스� 커밋하지 않� 변경 사항� 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr "가져온 레�런스 중� 리베�스할 대� 후보가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr "가져온 레�런스 중� 병합할 대� 후보가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+"보통 �런 경우는 리모트 쪽�는 없는 와�드카드 레�런스명세가\n"
+"주어졌� 때 �어납니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"리모트 '%s'�서 풀� 요청했지만, 브랜치를 지정하지 않았습니다.\n"
+"� 리모트는 현재 브랜치� 대해 기본으로 설정� 리모트가\n"
+"아니기 때문�, 명령행�서 브랜치를 지정해야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "현재 어떤 브랜치 위�� 있지 않습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "어떤 브랜치를 대�으로 리베�스할지 지정하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "어떤 브랜치를 대�으로 병합할지 지정하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "�세한 정보는 git-pull(1) 페�지를 참고하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "<리모트>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "<브랜치>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "현재 브랜치� 추� 정보가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr "� 브랜치� 대한 추� 정보를 설정하려면 다�과 같� 할 수 있습니다:"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"설정�서 리모트� '%s' 레�런스와 병합하�� 지정했지만,\n"
+"그런 레�런스를 가져오지 않았습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "--[no-]autostash 옵션� --rebase 옵션과 같� �야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr "만들어지지 않� 브랜치를 ��스� 추가� 변경 사항으로 업��트합니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"현재 브랜치 헤드를 업��트했습니다.\n"
+"작업 ��를 %s 커밋�서 정방향\n"
+"진행합니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"작업 ��를 정방향 진행할 수 없습니다.\n"
+"다� 명령 출력�서 중요한 사항� 저장한 다�,\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"다�� 실행하면\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"복구�니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "여러 브랜치를 빈 헤드로 병합할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "여러 브랜치로 리베�스할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<옵션>] [<저장소> [<레�런스명세>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "<태그> 없� 태그 줄임"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete 옵션� �반 대� 레�런스 �름만 받습니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"어� 한 쪽 옵션만 계� 선�하려면, 'git help config'�서 push.default를 참고"
+"하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"현재 브랜치� 업스트림 브랜치가 현재 브랜치� �름과\n"
+"같지 않습니다. 리모트� 업스트림 브랜치로 푸시하려면\n"
+"다�과 같� 하십시오.\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"리모트� 같� �름으로 푸시하려면 다�과 같� 하십시오.\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"현재 어떤 브랜치 위�� 있지 않습니다.\n"
+"지금 현재 (HEAD 분리) �태까지� 커밋 내역� 푸시하려면\n"
+"다�과 같� 하십시오.\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"현재 브랜치 %s� 업스트림 브랜치가 없습니다.\n"
+"현재 브랜치를 푸시하고 해당 리모트를 업스트림으로 지정하려면\n"
+"다�과 같� 하십시오.\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "현재 브랜치  %s� 여러 업스트림 브랜치가 있습니다. 푸시를 거절합니다."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' 리모트로 푸시하는 중입니다. 하지만 � 리모트는 현재\n"
+"'%s' 브랜치� 업스트림� 아닙니다. 어떤 리모트 브랜치� 무엇�\n"
+"푸시할지 설정하지 않았습니다."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"푸시할 레�런스명세를 지정하지 않았고, push.default 값� 'nothing'입니다."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"현재 브랜치� �� 리모트 브랜치보다 뒤� 있으므로 업��트가\n"
+"거부�었습니다. 푸시하기 전� ('git pull ...' 등 명령으로) 리모트\n"
+"변경 사항� �함하십시오.\n"
+"�세한 정보는 'git push --help'� \"Note about fast-forwards' 부분�\n"
+"참고하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"현재 브랜치� �� 리모트 브랜치보다 뒤� 있으므로 업��트가\n"
+"거부�었습니다. � 브랜치를 체�아웃하고 푸시하기 전�\n"
+"('git pull ...' 등 명령으로) 리모트 변경 사항� �함하십시오.\n"
+"�세한 정보는 'git push --help'� \"Note about fast-forwards' 부분�\n"
+"참고하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"리모트� 로컬� 없는 사항� 들어 있으므로 업��트가\n"
+"거부�었습니다. � �황� 보통 � 다른 저장소�서 같�\n"
+"저장소로 푸시할 때 발�합니다.  푸시하기 전�\n"
+"('git pull ...' 등 명령으로) 리모트 변경 사항� 먼저\n"
+"�함해야 합니다.\n"
+"�세한 정보는 'git push --help'� \"Note about fast-forwards' 부분�\n"
+"참고하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "리모트� 태그가 �미 있기 때문� 업��트가 거부�었습니다."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"'--force' 옵션� 없� 커밋� 아닌 오브�트를 가리키는 리모트\n"
+"레�런스를 업��트하거나, 커밋� 아닌 오브�트를 가리키��\n"
+"업��트할 수 없습니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "다�� 푸시: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "레�런스를 '%s'� 푸시하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "잘못� 저장소 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"푸시 대�� 설정하지 않았습니다.\n"
+"명령해�서 URL� 지정하거나 다�� 사용해 리모트 저장소를 설정하십시오\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <�름> <URL>\n"
+"\n"
+"그리고 � 리모트 �름� 사용해 푸시하십시오\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all � --tags 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all 옵션� 레�런스명세와 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror � --tags 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror 옵션� 레�런스명세와 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all � --mirror 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "저장소"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "모든 레�런스 푸시하기"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "모든 레�런스 미러"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "레�런스 삭제"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "태그 푸시하기 (--all �는 --mirror 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없�)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "강제로 업��트"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "레�런스�름>:<예�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "레�런스� 과거 값� � 값�어야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "재귀� 하위 모듈 푸시 방�� 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "얇� 묶�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "receive pack 프로그램"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "git pull/status� 대한 업스트림� 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "로컬�서 제거한 레�런스를 잘�냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "푸시 전 후�를 건너�니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "빠졌지만 관련� 태그를 푸시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "푸시� GPG 서명"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "리모트 쪽� �� 트랜잭션� 요청합니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete 옵션� --all, --mirror, --tags 옵션과 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete 옵션� 레�런스 없� 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<접�어>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<파�>] (--empty | <트리-따위> [<트리-따위2> [<트리-따위3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "결과 ��스를 <파�>� �니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "��스를 비우기만 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "병합하기"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "�� 다� 병합� 수행합니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "파� 단위 병합� 필요하지 않으면 3-방향 병합� 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "추가와 제거가 있� 때 3-방향 병합� 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "-m과 ��하지만, 병합�지 않� 항목� 버립니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<하위디렉터리>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "트리를 <하위디렉터리>/ 아래 ��스로 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "작업 ��를 병합 결과로 업��트합니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "무시하는 파�� �어쓰�� 명시�으로 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "병합 후� 작업 ��를 확�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "��스나 작업 ��를 업��트하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "드문 체�아웃 필터 �용� 건너�니다"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "unpack-trees 디버깅"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "출력 않기"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "디렉터리를 지정해야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' 값� '%s'� 대해 올바른 시� 값� 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s'�(는) 올바른 시� 값� 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <브랜치>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <�름> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <옛�름> <새�름>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <�름>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <�름> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <브랜치>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <�름>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <�름>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<그룹> | <리모트>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <�름> <브랜치>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <�름>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <�름> <새url> [<옛url>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <�름> <새url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <�름> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<옵션>] <�름> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <�름> <브랜치>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <�름> <브랜치>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<옵션>] <�름>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<옵션>] <�름>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<옵션>] [<그룹> | <리모트>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "%s 업��트 중"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror는 위험하므로 사용� 권하지 않습니다. 대신�\n"
+"\t --mirror=fetch �는 --mirror=push를 사용하십시오"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 --mirror 옵션 ��: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "리모트 브랜치를 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "가져올 때 모든 태그와 관련 오브�트를 가져옵니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "아니면 아무 태그� 가져오지 않습니다 (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "추�할 브랜치"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "마스터 브랜치"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "리모트를 푸시 �는 가져올 때 사용할 미러로 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "--mirror 옵션과 같� 마스터 브랜치를 지정하면 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "마스터 브랜치를 지정� fetch 미러�서만 앞뒤가 맞습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "%s 리모트가 �미 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s'�(는) 올바른 리모트 �름� 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "마스터 '%s'�(를) 설정할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "%s 레�런스명세� 대한 가져오기 맵� 얻� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(�치)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(삭제)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "그런 리모트가 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "설정 섹션� '%s'�서 '%s'(으)로 바꿀 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"기본값� 아닌 가져오기 레�런스명세를 업��트하지 않습니다\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\t필요하면 설정� 수�으로 업��트하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "'%s' 삭제가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "'%s' 만들기가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"알림: 레�런스/리모트/ 계층 구조 밖� 있는 �부 브랜치가 제거�지 않았습니"
+"다.\n"
+"삭제하려면 다�� 사용하십시오:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "설정 섹션 '%s'�(를) 제거할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " 새 항목 (다� 가져오기는 remotes/%s 아래 저장�니다)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " 추��"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " 오래� (제거하려면 'git remote prune'� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "잘못� branch.%s.merge 값. 여러 개 브랜치로 리베�스할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "리모트 %s 위로 대화�으로 리베�스합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " 병합: 리모트 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    그리고 리모트"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "병합: 리모트 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   그리고 리모트"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "만들기"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "삭제"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "최신 �태"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "정방향 진행 가능"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "로컬� 뒤떨어�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s�서 %-*s(으)로 강제 (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s�서 %-*s(으)로 푸시 (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s�서 %s(으)로 강제"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s�서 %s(으)로 푸시"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "리모트� 질�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* 리모트 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  가져오기 URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(URL 없�)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  푸시  URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  HEAD 브랜치: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  HEAD 브랜치 (리모트 HEAD는 애매하고, 다� 중 하나� 수 있습니다):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  리모트 브랜치:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (�태를 질�하지 않�)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  'git pull'� 사용할 로컬 브랜치를 설정:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  로컬 레�런스를 'git push'로 미러�할 예정"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  로컬 레�런스를 'git push'로 미러�%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "레�런스/리모트/<�름>/HEAD 값� 리모트� 맞게 설정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "레�런스/리모트/<�름>/HEAD 값� 삭제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "리모트 HEAD를 결정할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"리모트 HEAD 브랜치가 여러개입니다. 다� 중 하나를 명시�으로 지정하십시오:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 삭제할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "올바른 레�런스가 아닙니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "%s�(를) 설정할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s� 연결� �어집니다!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s� 연결� �어졌습니다!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "잘�냄: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [잘�낼 예정] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [잘�냄] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "가져온 후� 리모트를 잘�냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "그런 리모트가 없습니다 ('%s')"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "브랜치를 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "리모트를 지정하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "가져오기 URL� 아니� 푸시 URL� 질�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "모든 URL� 리턴합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 리모트� 대한 URL� 설정하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "푸시 URL� 지정합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "URL� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "URL� 삭제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete 옵션� 둘다 쓰면 안 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "잘못� 오래전 URL 패턴: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "그런 URL� 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "푸시용� 아닌 모든 URL� 삭제하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "�세히 표시합니다 (하위 명령 앞� 와야 합니다)"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "하나� 묶� 안� 모� 묶습니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "-a와 ��하고, 접근 불가능 오브�트를 �슨하게 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "여분� 묶�� 제거하고, git-prune-packed를 실행합니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "git-pack-objects� --no-reuse-delta 옵션� 넘�니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "git-pack-objects� --no-reuse-object 옵션� 넘�니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "git-update-server-info를 실행하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "git-pack-objects� --local 옵션� 넘�니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "비트맵 ��스를 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "대략�시�"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr ""
+"-A� 추가로, 지정한 시�보다 오래� 오브�트를 �슨하게 만들지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "�타 압축� 사용할 윈�우 �기"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "바�트수"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "위와 ��하지만, 항목 수 대신 메모리 �기를 제한합니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "최대 �타 깊�를 제한합니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "묶� 파�� 최대 �기"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr ".keep으로 표시� 묶�� 오브�트를 다시 묶습니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "precious-objects 저장소� 묶�� 삭제할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "'%s' 제거가 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <오브�트> <대체�름>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <오브�트>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <커밋> [<�위>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <오브�트>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<형�>] [-l [<패턴>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "올바른 오브�트 �름� 아닙니다: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "커밋 '%s'� 잘못� 병합태그"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "커밋 '%s'� 잘못� 형�� 병합태그"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"본래 커밋 '%s'� 버려진 병합태그 '%s'�(가) 들어 있습니다. --graft 대신 --"
+"edit 옵션� 사용하십시오"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "본래 커밋 '%s'� GPG 서명� 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "대체 커밋�서 서명� 제거합니다!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "다�� 대한 대체 커밋� 쓸 수 없습니다: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "대체 레�런스 목�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "대체 레�런스를 삭제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "현재 오브�트를 편집합니다"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "커밋� �위 항목� 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "레�런스가 있으면 대체합니다"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "--edit� 대한 내용� 예�게 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "� 형�� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <경로>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "��스� 깔�한 해결� 등�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<커밋>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <트리-따위> [--] <경로>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<트리-따위>] [--] [<경로>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "혼합"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "소프트"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "하드"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "병합"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "유지"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "올바른 HEAD가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "HEAD� 트리를 찾는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "%s� 트리를 찾는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD� 현재 위치는 %s입니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "병합 중� %s 리셋� 할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "간략히 표시, 오류만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "HEAD와 ��스를 리셋합니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD만 리셋합니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "HEAD, ��스, 작업��를 리셋합니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "HEAD를 리셋하지만 로컬 변경 사항� 남겨둡니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "제거한 경로를 나중� 추가한다는 사실만 기�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 올바른 리비전으로 찾는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "'%s'�(를) 올바른 트리로 찾는� 실패했습니다."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch 옵션� --{hard,mixed,soft} 옵션과 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed 옵션� 경로와 같� 쓰기는 제거� 예정입니다. 대신� 'git reset -- <경"
+"로>'를 사용하십시오."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "경로와 같� %s 리셋� 할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "%s 리셋� 간략한 저장소�서만 쓸 수 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N 옵션� --mixed 옵션과 같� �야만 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "리셋 뒤� 스테�징하지 않� 변경 사항:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "��스 파�� '%s' 리비전으로 리셋할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "새 ��스 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "rev-list는 노트 표시를 지�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<옵션>] -- [<��>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "��로 넘긴 `--`를 유지합니다"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "첫번째 옵션� 아닌 �� 뒤� 파싱� 중지합니다"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "stuck long 형�으로 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<옵션>] -- [<��>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<��>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<옵션>] [<��>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"첫번째 사용방법� 대해 �세히 알고 싶으면, \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h"
+"\"를\n"
+"실행해 보십시오."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<옵션>] <커밋-따위>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <하위명령>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<옵션>] <커밋-따위>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <하위명령>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s�(는) %s와(과) 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "��리기 �는 커밋 빼오기 연�� �냅니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "��리기 �는 커밋 빼오기 연�� 계�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "��리기 �는 커밋 빼오기 연�� 취소합니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "��으로 커밋하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "커밋 메시지를 편집합니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "�전 커밋 번호"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "병합 전략"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "옵션"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "병합 전략 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "커밋 �름� 뒤� 붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "최초 빈 커밋� 유지합니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "빈 메시지로 커밋� 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "여분� 빈 커밋� 유지합니다"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "프로그램 오류"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "��리기 실패"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "cherry-pick 실패"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<옵션>] [--] <파�>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"다� 하위 모듈� (�는 그 내부 하위 모듈�) .git\n"
+"디렉터리를 사용합니다:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(정�로 그 커밋 내역까지 �함해 제거하려면 'rm -rf'를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"다� 파�� 파�과 HEAD 모� 다른 스테�징한 내용�\n"
+"있습니다:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(강제로 제거하려면 -f 옵션� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "다� 파�� ��스� 스테�징한 변경 사항� 있습니다:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(파�� 유지하려면 --cached 옵션, 강제로 제거하려면 -f 옵션� 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "다� 파�� 로컬 수정 사항� 있습니다:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "제거한 파� 목�� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "��스�서만 제거합니다"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "최신 버전 확�� 하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "재귀� 제거를 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "아무 것� �치하지 않으면 �태 0번으로 �납니다"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "-r 옵션� 없으면 재귀�으로 '%s'�(를) 제거하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: %s�(를) 제거할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<호스트>:]<디렉터리> [<레�런"
+"스>...]\n"
+"  --all 옵션과 명시�� <레�런스> 명세 중 하나만 사용할 수 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "리모트 �름"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "�태 없는 RPC 프로토콜� 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 레�런스를 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "리모트 �움 프로그램� �태를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<옵션>] [<리비전-범위>] [[--] [<경로>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "작성�별 커밋 수� 따� 정렬합니다"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "커밋 설명� �략하고, 커밋 수만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "작성�� 전�메� 주소를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "줄바꿈 출력"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<시�>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<리비전> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<베�스>]] [--list] [<레�런스>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "리모트 추� � 로컬 브랜치를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "리모트 추� 브랜치를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "브랜치� 따른 '*!+-' 표시� 색� 입힙니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "공통 �전 커밋 뒤� <n>개� 커밋� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "--more=-1 옵션과 ��"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "�름 문�열� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "현재 브랜치를 �함"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "커밋� �름� 그 오브�트 �름으로 붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "가능한 병합 기준�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "다른 어떤 레�런스�서� 접근 불가능한 레�런스를 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "위� 순서� 따� 커밋� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "첫 브랜치� 없는 커밋만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "하나� ��서만 접근 가능한 병합� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "가능하면 시간 순서를 유지하면서 위� 순서로 정렬"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<베�스>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "기준부터 시작해 최대 <n>개� 최근 ref-log 항목� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<패턴>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<패턴>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "태그만 표시 (헤드와 결합 가능)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "헤드만 표시 (태그와 결합 가능)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "� 엄격한 레�런스 검사, 정확히 하나� 레�런스 경로 필요"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "HEAD 레�런스를 표시합니다 (필터��서 제외����)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "태그를 오브�트 ID로 따�갑니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "SHA-1 표시� <n>개� 숫�만 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "표준 출력� 결과를 표시하지 않습니다 (--verify 옵션과 사용하면 좋�)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "로컬 저장소� 없는 레�런스를 표준 입력�서 �어 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr "주� 문�로 시작하는 모든 줄� 건너뛰고 제거합니다"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "� 줄� 앞� 주� 문�와 공백� 붙입니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "그런 레�런스가 없습니다: %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "전체 레�런스 �름� 필요하지만, 입력� %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' URL 하나� 단계를 잘�낼 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "�대 경로� 사용할 �다른 기준"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<경로>] [<경로>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ".gitmodules�서 하위 모듈 경로 '%s'� 대한 URL� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '%s'� 대한 URL� 등�하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "'%3$s' 경로� 대해 '%1$s' (%2$s) 하위 모듈 등�\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "경고: '%s' 하위 모듈� 대해 커맨드 업��트 모드가 제안�었습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 하위 모듈� 대해 업��트 모드 등�� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 초기화� 출력� 하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper init [<경로>]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name <경로>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr "경로 '%s'� 대해 .gitmodules� 있는 하위모듈 매핑� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "새 하위 모듈� 복제할 대� 위치"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "새 하위 모듈 �름"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "하위 모듈� 복제해 올 URL"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "얕� 복제� 사용할 깊�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<경로>] [--quiet] [--reference <저장소>] [--name <�름>] [--depth <깊�>] --url <url> --path <경로>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 디렉터리를 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "'%s'�서 하위 모듈 경로 '%s'� 복제하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 파�� 열 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "%s 파�� 닫� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대한 하위 모듈 디렉터리를 가져올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "'%s' 하위 모듈 경로가 초기화�지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "'update --init'� 하려고 한 것 아니었습니까?"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "병합하지 하위 모듈 %s 건너뜀"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 '%s' 건너뜀"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "작업 ��로 가는 경로"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr "작업 ��로 가는 경로, 내장� 하위 모듈� 경계 통과"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr "rebase, merge, checkout �는 none"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr "지정한 개수� 리비전�서 잘린 얕� 복제를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "병렬 작업 개수"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "복제 과정� 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<경로>] [<경로>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "파�미터 업��트� 값� 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "submodule--helper 하위 명령� 하위 명령으로 호출해야 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "'%s'�(는) 올바른 submodule--helper 하위 명령� 아닙니다"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<옵션>] <�름> [<레�런스>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <�름>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "심볼� 아닌 (분리�) 레�런스� 대해 �러 메시지를 표시하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "심볼릭 레�런스를 삭제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "레�런스 출력� 줄입니다"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "�유"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "업��트� �유"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <키-ID>] [-f] [-m <메시지> | -F <파�>] <태그�름>\n"
+"\t\t[<헤드>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <태그�름>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<개수>]] [--contains <커밋>] [--points-at <오브�트>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<형�>] [--[no-]merged [<커밋>]] [<패턴>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <태그�름>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "태그 �름� 너무 �니다: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "'%s' 태그가 없습니다."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "'%s' 태그 삭제함 (과거 %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"다� 태그� 대한 메시지를 쓰십시오:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"'%c' 문�로 시작하는 줄� 무시�니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"다� 태그� 대한 메시지를 쓰십시오:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"'%c' 문�로 시작하는 줄� 유지�니다. 제거하려면 �접 지워야 합니다.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "태그� 서명할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "태그 파�� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "잘못� 오브�트 종류."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "태그 헤�가 너무 �니다."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "태그 메시지 없�?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "태그 메시지가 %s 파�� 남아 있습니다\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "태그 �름 목�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "� 태그 메시지� <n>줄� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "태그를 삭제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "태그를 검�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "태그 만들기 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "주� 달린 태그, 메시지가 필요합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "태그 메시지"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "주� 달리고 GPG 서명한 태그"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "태그를 서명하는� 지정한 키를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "태그가 있으면 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "reflog를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "태그 목� 보기 옵션"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "태그 목�� 여러 열로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "해당 커밋� 들어 있는 태그만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "병합� 태그만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "병합�지 않� 태그만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "해당 오브�트� 태그만 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column � -n 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "-n 옵션� -l 옵션과 같� �야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--contains 옵션� -l 옵션과 같� �야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--points-at 옵션� -l 옵션과 같� �야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "--merged � --no-merged 옵션� -l 옵션과 같� �야 합니다."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "하나� -F �는 -m 옵션만 쓸 수 있습니다."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "파�미터가 너무 많습니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s'�9는) 올바른 태그 �름� 아닙니다."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "태그 '%s'�(가) �미 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "태그 '%s' 업��트 (과거 %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "오브�트 묶� 푸는 중"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "%s 디렉터리 만들기 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "%s� stat()하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "%s 파�� 만드는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "%s 파�� 삭제하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "%s 디렉터리를 삭제하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "'%s' 안� 수정 시�� 확�하는 중입니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr "새 파�� 추가한 후� 디렉터리 정보가 바뀌지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr "새 디렉터리를 추가한 후� 디렉터리 정보가 바뀌지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr "파�� 업��트한 후� 디렉터리 정보가 바뀌지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr "하위 디렉터리� 파�� 추가한 후� 디렉터리 정보가 바뀌지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr "파�� 삭제한 후� 디렉터리 정보가 바뀌지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr "디렉터리를 삭제한 후� 디렉터리 정보가 바뀌지 않았습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " 오케�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<옵션>] [--] [<파�>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "��스� 업��트가 필요하��� 새로 고침� 계�합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "새로 고침: 하위 모듈 무시"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "새 파�� 무시할 수 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "디렉터리를 파�로, �는 그 반대로 바꿀 수 있게 허용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "작업���서 알림 파�� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "��스� 병합하지 않� 항목� 있어� 새로 고칩니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "파� 정보를 새로 고칩니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "--refresh와 ��하지만, assume-unchanged 설정� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<모드>,<오브�트>,<경로>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "지정한 항목� ��스� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "목�� 파��서 실행 가능 비트를 바꿉니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "파�� \"바꾸지 않�\"으로 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "바꾸지 않�으로 가정 (assumed-unchanged) 비트를 지�니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "파�� ��스 전용으로 (\"index-only\") 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "작업�� 건너뛰기 (skip-worktree) 비트를 지�니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"��스�만 추가합니다. 내용� 오브�트 ��터베�스� 추가하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "작업 ��� 있어� 해당 경로를 제거합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "--stdin과 같� 사용: 입력 줄� NUL 바�트로 �납니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 업��트할 경로� 목�� �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 �� 항목� ��스� 추가합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "경로 목�� 대해 #2 � #3 스테�징� 다시 합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD와 다른 항목만 업��트합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "작업 ��� 없는 파�� 무시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "표준 출력� �작� 알립니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "저장한 해결�지 않� 충�� 무시합니다 (사용�용 명령 용�)"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "��스를 � 형�으로 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "스플릿 ��스를 켜거나 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "추�하지 않는 �시 사용� 켜거나 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "파� 시스템� 추�하지 않는 �시를 지�하는지 검사합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr "파� 시스템 테스트 없� 추�하지 않는 �시를 사용합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "추��지 않는 �시를 사용하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 대해 추��지 않는 �시를 사용하지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<옵션>] -d <레�런스�름> [<과거-값>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<옵션>]    <레�런스�름> <새-값> [<과거-값>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<옵션>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "레�런스를 삭제합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "<레�런스�름>� 가리키지 않는 항목으로 업��트합니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "표준 입력� NUL로 �나는 ��가 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "표준 입력�서 업��트를 �습니다"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "바닥부터 정보 파�� 업��트합니다"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <커밋>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "커밋 내용� 표시합니다"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "�본 GPG �태를 출력합니다"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <묶�>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "�세히 표시"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "통계만 표시"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <태그>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "태그 내용 표시"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<옵션>] <경로> [<브랜치>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [<옵션>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "worktrees/%s 제거: 올바른 디렉터리가 아닙나다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "worktrees/%s 제거: gitdir 파�� 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr "worktrees/%s 제거: gitdir 파�� �� 수 없습니다 (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "worktrees/%s 제거: gitdir 파�� 올바르지 않습니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr "worktrees/%s 제거: gitdir 파�� 없는 위치를 가리킵니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 제거� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "'%s'�(가) �미 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s'� 디렉터리를 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "%s 준비 중 (ID %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr "다른 작업 ���서 체�아웃했��� <브랜치>를 체�아웃합니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "새 브랜치를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "브랜치를 만들거나 리셋합니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "HEAD를 해당 커밋�서 분리합니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "새 작업 ��를 만듭니다"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B, --detach 옵션 중 하나만 쓸 수 있습니다"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<접�어>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<접�어>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "하위 디렉터리 <접�어>� 대해 트리 오브�트를 �니다"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "디버깅 용�로만 사용"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "디버깅 메시지를 표준오류로 출력합니다"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' � 'git help -g' 명령� 실행하면 하위 명령어와 개� 설명서�\n"
+"목�� 볼 수 있습니다. 특정 하위 명령어나 개�� 대해 �어 보려면 'git help\n"
+"<명령>' �는 'git help <개�>' 명령� 실행하십시오."
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "공개 키 고정� cURL 7.44.0 앞 버전�서는 지�하지 않습니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "작업 공간 시작 (참고: git help tutorial)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "변경 사항� 대한 작업 (참고: git help everyday)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "커밋 내역과 �태 보기 (참고: git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "커밋 내역� 키우고, 표시하고, 조작하기"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "협� 작업 (참고: git help workflows)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "파� 내용� ��스� 추가합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "�진 �색으로 버그를 만들어낸 커밋� 찾습니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "브랜치를 만들거나, 삭제하거나, 목�� 출력합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "브랜치를 전환하거나 작업 파�� 복구합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "저장소를 복제해 새 디렉터리로 가져 옵니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "바� 사항� 저장소� 기�합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "커밋과 커밋 사�, 커밋과 작업 내용 사� 등� 바� �� 봅니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "다른 저장소�서 오브�트와 레�런스를 다운로드합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "패턴과 �치하는 줄� 표시합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "빈 깃 저장소를 만들거나 기존 저장소를 다시 초기화합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "커밋 기�� 표시합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "여러 개� 개발 내역� 하나로 합칩니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "파�, 디렉터리, 심볼릭 ��를 옮기거나 �름� 바꿉니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "다른 저장소 �는 다른 로컬 브랜치�서 가져오거나 통합합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "�격 레�런스 � 그와 관련� 오브�트를 업��트합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "커밋� 다른 베�스 �� 최�위�서 �용합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "현재 HEAD를 지정한 �태로 재설정화합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "파�� 작업 ���서 제거하고 ��스�서� 제거합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "여러가지 종류� 오브�트를 표시합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "작업 �� �태를 표시합니다"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "태그를 만들거나, 표시하거나, 삭제하거나, GPG 서명� 검�합니다"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "만료-시�"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "아무 �작� 하지 않� (호환용)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "� �세히 표시합니다"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "� 간략히 표시합니다"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "SHA-1 표시� <n>개� 숫�를 사용합니다"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "가능하면 ��스를 재사용한 충� 해결로 업��트합니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "\"git bisect start\" 명령으로 시작해야 합니다"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "지금 하시겠습니까 [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 옵션: '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg'�(는) 올바른 리비전처럼 보�지 않습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "잘못� HEAD - HEAD가 필요합니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"'$start_head' 받아오기가 실패했습니다. 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'를 "
+"해 보십시오."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "cg-seek한 트리�서 bisect를 할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "잘못� HEAD - 심볼릭 레�런스가 잘못�었습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "잘못� bisect_write ��: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "잘못� 리비전 입력: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "'bisect_state' 호출� 최소한 하나� ��를 �야 합니다."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "잘못� 리비전 입력: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' 명령� 하나� ��만 쓸 수 있습니다."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "경고: 하나� $TERM_BAD 커밋� 대해서만 �등분."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "확실합니까 [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"최소한 하나� $bad_syn � 하나� $good_syn 리비전� 넘겨야 합니다.\n"
+"(\"git bisect $bad_syn\" � \"git bisect $good_syn\" 명령� 실행하면 �니다.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"\"git bisect start\"를 실행해야 합니다.\n"
+"그 다� 최소한 하나� $good_syn � 하나� $bad_syn 리비전� 넘겨야 합니다\n"
+"(\"git bisect $bad_syn\" � \"git bisect $good_syn\" 명령� 실행하면 �니다.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "�등분하는 중입니다."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid'�(는) 올바른 커밋� 아닙니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"본래� HEAD '$branch'�(를) 체�아웃할 수 없습니다.\n"
+"'git bisect reset <커밋>'� 해 보십시오"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "로그 파�� 주어지지 않았습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "다시 재�할 $file 파�� �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? 무슨 소리�지 모르겠습니다?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "실행: $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"�등분 실행� 실패했습니다:\n"
+"'$command' 명령�서 �태 코드 '$res'�(가) 0보다 작거나 128보다 �니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "�등분 실행� 계� 할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"�등분 실행� 실패했습니다:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' 명령�서 �태 코드가 '$res'입니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "�등분 실행 성공"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "� 다른 용어를 사용하십시오"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "'$term'�(가) 올바른 용어가 아닙니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "내부 명령어 '$term'�(를) 용어로 사용할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "용어 '$term'� �미를 바꿀 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr "잘못� 명령어: 현재 $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD �등분 중입니다."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "용어를 정�하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"'git bisect terms'� 대해 잘못� �� '$arg'.\n"
+"지�하는 옵션�: --term-good|--term-old � --term-bad|--term-new."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"� 문제를 해결하면, \"\"git rebase --continue\"를 실행하십시오.\n"
+"� 패치를 건너뛰려면, 대신� \"git rebase --skip\"� 실행하십시오.\n"
+"�래 브랜치를 체�아웃하고 리베�스를 중지하려면, \"git rebase --abort\"를 실"
+"행하십시오."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "��스태시 �용."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "\"$stash_sha1\"�(를) 저장할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"��스태시 �용� 충�� 발�했습니다.\n"
+"변경 사항� 스태시 안� 안전하게 들어 있습니다.\n"
+"언제든지 \"git stash pop\" �는 \"git stash drop\"� 실행할 수 있습니다.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "리베�스 전 후��서 리베�스를 거부했습니다."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "git-am� 진행 중� 것처럼 보입니다. 리베�스할 수 없습니다."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "리베�스가 진행 중�지 않습니다"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "--edit-todo �작� 대화형 리베�스�서만 사용할 수 있습니다."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD를 �� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"모든 병합 충�� 편집하고 git add\n"
+"명령으로 해결�었다고 표시해야 합니다"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "'$head_name' 위치로 �아갈 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"�미 '$state_dir_base' 디렉터리가 있는 것으로 보아, �미\n"
+"� 다른 리베�스 중� 있는 것 같습니다. 그러한 경우�는\n"
+"다�� 시�해 보십시오:\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"리베�스 중� 아니�면 다�� 시�하고,\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"� 명령� 다시 실행하십시오. 중요한 사항� 남아 있� 경우를\n"
+"대비해 여기서 멈춥니다."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "잘못� 업스트림 $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: 여러 개� 병합 베�스가 있습니다"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: 병합 베�스가 없습니다"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "올바른 커밋� 가리키지 않습니다: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "치명� ��: 그런 브랜치가 없습니다: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "�� 스태시를 할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "�� 스태시를 만들었습니다: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "커밋하거나 스태시� 넣으십시오."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "현재 브랜치가 ($branch_name) 최신 �태입니다."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "현재 브랜치가 ($branch_name) 최신 �태입니다. 강제 리베�스합니다."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "변경 사항 '$mb'�서 '$onto'(으)로:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "작업 사항� 다시 넣기 위해 먼저 헤드를 뒤로 �립니다..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name 브랜치를 $onto_name 위치로 정방향 진행합니다."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear 명령� 파�미터와 같� 쓰기는 구현�지 않았습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "아� 최초 커밋� 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "현재 ��스 �태를 저장할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "현재 작업 �� �태를 저장할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "변경 사항� 선�하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "임시 ��스를 제거할 수 없습니다 (�어날 수 없는 �황)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "작업 �� �태를 기�할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "$ref_stash�(를) $w_commit(으)로 업��트할 수 없습니다"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"오류: 'stash save'� 대해 알 수 없는 옵션: $option\n"
+"       메시지를 넘기려면, 다�과 같� 쓰십시오: git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "저장할 로컬 변경 사항� 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "스태시를 초기화할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "현재 �태를 저장할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "작업�� 변경 사항� 제거할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "알 수 없는 옵션: $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "스태시가 없습니다."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "너무 많� 리비전� 지정했습니다: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference�(는) 올바른 레�런스가 아닙니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args'�(는) 스태시 커밋� 아닙니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args'�(는) 스태시 레�런스가 아닙니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "��스를 새로 고칠 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "병합 �중� 스태시를 �용할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "��스� 충�. --index 없� 시�해 보십시오."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "��스 트리를 저장할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "수정한 파�� 스테�지�서 뺄 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "��스가 스태시�서 빠졌습니다."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} 지움 ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: 스태시 항목� 지울 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "브랜치 �름� 지정하지 않았습니다"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(복구하려면 \"git stash apply\"를 실행하십시오)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "�대 경로는 작업 ��� 최�위�서만 쓸 수 있습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "저장소 URL: '$repo' 값� 절대 경로거나 ./ �는 ../로 시작해야 합니다."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path'�(는) �미 ��스� 있습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"다� 경로는 .gitignore 파��서 무시합니다:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"정�로 추가하려면 -f 옵션� 사용하십시오."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path'� 기존 저장소를 ��스� 추가합니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path'�(가) �미 있고 올바른 git 저장소가 아닙니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "'$sm_name'� 대한 깃 디렉터리가 로컬�서 리모트가 있는 채로 있습니다:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "다시 복제하지 않고 � 로컬 깃 디렉터리를 재활용하려면"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"'--force' 옵션� 사용하십시오. 로컬 깃 디렉터리가 올바른 저장소가 아니거나"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "무슨 �미�지 잘 모르겠다면 '--name' 옵션으로 다른 �름� 쓰십시오."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "로컬 깃 디렉터리를 '$sm_name' 하위모듈로 다시 활성화합니다."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' 하위 모듈� 체�아웃할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' 하위 모듈� 추가하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' 하위 모듈� 등�하는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "'$displaypath' 들어�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "'$displaypath'�서 멈춤. 스�립트가 0� 아닌 �태를 리턴함."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "경로명세 � --all 옵션� 호환�지 않습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "정�로 모든 하위 모듈 초기화를 해제하려면 '--all'� 사용하십시오"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 작업 ��� ('$displaypath') .git 디렉터리가 들어 있습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "(정�로 그 커밋 내역까지 �함해 제거하려면 'rm -rf'를 사용하십시오)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"하위 모듈 작업 ��� ('$displaypath') 로컬 수정 사항� 있습니다. 버리려면 '-"
+"f'를 사용하십시오"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "'$displaypath' 디렉터리를 지�니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 디렉터리를 ('$displaypath') 제거할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "빈 하위 모듈 디렉터리를 ('$displaypath') 만들 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"'$name' 하위 모듈� ($url) '$displaypath' 경로� 대해 등��지 않았습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로�서 ('$displaypath') 현재 리비전� 찾� 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$sm_path'�서 가져올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath'�서 가져올 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath'�서 '$sha1'�(를) 체�아웃할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath': '$sha1' 체�아웃"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath'�서 '$sha1'�(를) 리베�스할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath': '$sha1'(으)로 리베�스"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath'�서 '$sha1' 병합할 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath': '$sha1'�서 병합"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "'$command $sha1' 실행� 하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath'�서 실패했습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "재귀�으로 하위 모듈 경로 '$displaypath'� 들어가는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "--cached 옵션� --files 옵션과 같� 쓸 수 없습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "예�치 못한 모드 $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  경고: '$display_name'� '$sha1_src' 커밋� 들어있지 않습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  경고: '$display_name'� '$sha1_dst' 커밋� 들어있지 않습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  경고: '$display_name'� '$sha1_src' � '$sha1_dst' 커밋� 들어있지 않습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "블롭"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "재귀�으로 하위 모듈 경로 '$sm_path'� 들어가는� 실패했습니다"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "하위 모듈 URL� '$displaypath'� 대해 �기화"
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "�세한 정보는 git-${cmd}(1) 페�지를 참고하십시오."
diff --git a/po/pt_PT.po b/po/pt_PT.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2cc93fe2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/pt_PT.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12920 @@
+# Portuguese translations for Git package.
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Marco Sousa <marcomsousa AT gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Vasco Almeida <vascomalmeida@sapo.pt>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Contributors:
+# - Marco Sousa <marcomsousa AT gmail.com>
+# Vasco Almeida <vascomalmeida@sapo.pt>, 2016.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-05-31 18:17+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Vasco Almeida <vascomalmeida@sapo.pt>\n"
+"Language-Team: Portuguese\n"
+"Language: pt\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Virtaal 0.7.1\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "sugestão: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Corrija-os na árvore de trabalho e use 'git add/rm <ficheiro>'\n"
+"conforme apropriado para marcá-los como resolvidos e submeta."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Não concluído a integração (MERGE_HEAD presente)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "Submeta as suas alterações antes de integrar."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "A terminar devido a integração incompleta."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<opções>] <árvore-etc> [<caminho>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<opções>] <árvore-etc> "
+"[<caminho>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "o especificador de caminho '%s' não corresponde a nenhum ficheiro"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "formato do arquivo"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "prefixo"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "preceder o prefixo a cada nome de caminho dentro do arquivo"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549 builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989 builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459 builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398
+#: builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "ficheiro"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "escrever o arquivo para este ficheiro"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "ler .gitattributes do diretório de trabalho"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "listar ficheiros arquivados para stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "armazenar apenas"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "compressão rápida"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "compressão ótima"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "listar formatos de arquivo suportados"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "repo"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "obter o arquivo a partir do repositório remoto <repo>"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "comando"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "caminho para o comando git-upload-archive no remoto"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Os padrões negativos são ignorados nos atributos do git\n"
+"Use '\\!' para uma exclamação literal à esquerda."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Após resolver a causa do erro, pode tentar corrigir\n"
+"o ramo remoto que deve ser seguido, invocando\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "O ramo %s não foi configurado com ramo a montante dele próprio."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ramo %s configurado para seguir o ramo remoto %s de %s por rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Ramo %s configurado para seguir o ramo remoto %s de %s."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ramo %s configurado para seguir o ramo local %s por rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Ramo %s configurado para seguir o ramo local %s."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ramo %s configurado para seguir a referência remota %s por rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Ramo %s configurado para seguir a referência remota %s."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ramo %s configurado para seguir a referência local %s por rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Ramo %s configurado para seguir a referência local %s."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "Não foi possível escrever a configuração do ramo a montante"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Não seguido: informação da referência %s ambígua"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' não é um nome válido para um ramo."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Já existe um ramo designado '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Não é possível forçar a atualização do ramo atual."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível configurar ramo a seguir; o ponto inicial '%s' não é um ramo."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "o ramo a montante solicitado '%s' não existe"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Se pretende efetuar rebase do seu trabalho sobre um ramo\n"
+"a montante que já existe no remoto, pode ser necessário\n"
+"executar \"git fetch\" para obtê-lo.\n"
+"\n"
+"Se pretende publicar um novo ramo local que irá seguir\n"
+"o seu homólogo remoto, pode usar \"git push -u\" para configurar\n"
+"o respetivo ramo a montante, ao mesmo tempo que publica."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nome de objeto inválido: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nome de objeto ambíguo: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ponto no ramo inválido: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' foi já extraído em '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "HEAD da árvore de trabalho %s não está atualizada"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' não parece ser um ficheiro bundle v2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "cabeçalho não reconhecido: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "O repositório não possuí estes commits pré-requisitados:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "falha ao configurar percurso de revisões"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "O bundle contém esta referência:"
+msgstr[1] "O bundle contém estas %d referências:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "O pacote regista um histórico completo."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "O bundle requer esta referência:"
+msgstr[1] "O bundle requer estas %d referências:"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Não foi possível lançar pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "pack-objects terminou inesperadamente"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list terminou inesperadamente"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "a referência '%s' é excluída pelas opções de rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "argumento não reconhecido: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Criação de bundle vazio recusada."
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível criar '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "index-pack terminou inesperadamente"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "valor de cor inválido: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível analisar %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s não é um commit!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "memória esgotada"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "linha %d de configuração incorreta em %s %s"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format, fuzzy
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "valor numérico '%s' da configuração '%s' em %s %s incorreto: %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "valor numérico '%s' da configuração '%s' incorreto: %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao expandir diretório de utilizador em: '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "nível de compressão zlib %d incorreto"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "modo inválido para criação de objeto: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "não é possível analisar configuração de linha de comandos"
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr ""
+"ocorreu um erro desconhecido durante a leitura dos ficheiros de configuração"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "não é possível analisar '%s' da configuração de linha de comandos"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "variável de configuração '%s' incorreta no ficheiro '%s' na linha %d"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s tem múltiplos valores"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível definir '%s' como '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível reiniciar '%s'"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível executar 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "falha ao escrever para rev-list"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "falha ao fechar entrada padrão de rev-list"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "no futuro"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "há %lu segundo atrás"
+msgstr[1] "há %lu segundos atrás"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "há %lu minuto atrás"
+msgstr[1] "há %lu minutos atrás"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "há %lu hora atrás"
+msgstr[1] "há %lu horas atrás"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "há %lu dia atrás"
+msgstr[1] "há %lu dias atrás"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "há %lu semana atrás"
+msgstr[1] "há %lu semanas atrás"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "há %lu mês atrás"
+msgstr[1] "há %lu meses atrás"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu ano"
+msgstr[1] "%lu anos"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "há %s e %lu mês"
+msgstr[1] "há %s e %lu meses"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "há %lu ano atrás"
+msgstr[1] "há %lu anos atrás"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao ler o ficheiro de comando '%s'"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Deteção de mudança de nome inexata em curso"
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Falha ao analisar percentagem limite de dirstat '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Parâmetro de dirstat desconhecido '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valor desconhecido na variável de configuração 'diff.submodule': '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Erros encontrados na variável de configuração 'diff.dirstat':\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "o diff externo terminou inesperadamente, interrompido em %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow requer exatamente um único especificador de caminho"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Falha ao analisar parâmetro da opção --dirstat/-X:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Falha ao analisar parâmetro da opção --submodule: '%s'"
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "falha ao obter nome e informação do kernel"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr "A cache não controlada está desativada neste sistema ou localização."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "não foi possível executar gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg não aceitou os dados"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg não assinou os dados"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar ficheiro temporário '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao escrever assinatura destacada em '%s'"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': não foi possível ler %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao invocar stat de '%s'"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "'%s': leitura truncada"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "comandos do git disponível em '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "comandos do git disponíveis noutras localizações em $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "Estes são comandos do Git comuns usados em diversas situações:"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' parece ser um comando do git, mas não é possível\n"
+"executá-lo. Talvez git-%s esteja danificado?"
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Oh não. Não há nenhum comando do Git disponível no sistema."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"AVISO: Invocou um comando do Git designado '%s' que não existe.\n"
+"Continuando, assumindo que queria dizer '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "automaticamente em %0.1f..."
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: '%s' não é um comando do git. Consulte 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Queria dizer isto?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Queria dizer deste?"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível criar '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Outro processo git parece estar a executar neste repositório, e.g.\n"
+"um editor aberto por 'git commit'. Certifique-se que todos os processos\n"
+"terminaram e tente de novo. Se ainda assim falhar, um processo git\n"
+"pode ter falhado anteriormente no repositório:\n"
+"remova o ficheiro manualmente para continuar."
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "Não é foi possível criar '%s.lock': %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "falha ao ler a cache"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "não foi possível escrever novo ficheiro de índice"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(commit incorreto)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache falhou no caminho '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "erro ao construir árvores"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "falha ao criar o caminho '%s'%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "A remover %s para criar espaço para o subdiretório\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": talvez um conflito D/F?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "perda de ficheiro não controlado em '%s' recusada"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível ler o objeto %s: '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob para %s '%s' esperado"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao abrir '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao criar a ligação simbólica '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "não sei o que fazer com %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Falha ao executar integração interna"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Não é possível adicionar %s à base de dados"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "tipo de objeto sem suporte encontrado na árvore"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLITO (%s/eliminar): %s eliminado em %s e %s em %s. Versão de %s de %s "
+"deixada na árvore."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLITO (%s/eliminar): %s eliminado em %s e %s em %s. Versão de %s de %s "
+"deixada na árvore em %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "mudar nome"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "nome mudado"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s é um diretório em %s adicionando %s no seu lugar"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLITO (mudar nome/mudar nome): Mudar o nome \"%s\"->\"%s\" no ramo \"%s\" "
+"mudar o nome \"%s\"->\"%s\" em \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (por resolver)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLITO (mudar nome/mudar nome): Mudar de nome %s->%s em %s. Mudar o nome "
+"%s->%s em %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "A mudar o nome de %s para %s e de %s para %s, em alternativa"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLITO (mudar nome/adicionar): Mudar o nome %s->%s em %s. %s adicionado em "
+"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "A adicionar %s integrado"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "A adicionar como %s, em alternativa."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler o objeto %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "o objeto %s não é um blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "modificar"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "modificado"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "conteúdo"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "adicionar/adicionar"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s ignorado (integrado é igual ao existente)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "A integrar automaticamente %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "submódulo"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLITO (%s): conflito de integração em %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "A remover %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "ficheiro/diretório"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "diretório/ficheiro"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLITO (%s): Há um diretório designado %s em %s. A adicionar %s como %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "A adicionar %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Falha de integração fatal, não devia acontecer."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Já está atualizado!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "falha ao integrar as árvores %s e %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Caminho não processado??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "A integrar:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "%u antecessor comum encontrado:"
+msgstr[1] "%u antecessores comuns encontrados:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "a integração não retornou nenhum commit"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível analisar o objeto '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Não é possível escrever no índice."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível submeter árvore de notas não inicializada ou não referenciada"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valor de notes.rewriteMode incorreto: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Reescrita de notas em %s (fora de refs/notes/) recusada"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valor incorreto de %s: '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível analisar o objeto: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "utilização: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "        ou: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "         %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nome do objeto malformado '%s'"
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Não foi possível dar permissão de escrita ao grupo a %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"as definições globais 'glob' e 'noglob' de especificador de caminho "
+"(pathspec) são incompatíveis"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"a definição global de especificador de caminho 'literal' é incompatível com "
+"todas as outras definições globais de especificador de caminho (pathspec)"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "parâmetro inválido na mágica 'prefix' do especificador de caminho"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Mágica do especificador de caminho '%.*s' inválida em '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Falta um ')' no final da mágica do especificador de caminho em '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Mágica de especificador de caminho '%c' em '%s' não implementada"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: 'literal' e 'glob' são incompatíveis"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: '%s' está fora do repositório"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "O caminho '%s' está dentro do submódulo '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s: mágica de especificador de caminho não suportada por este comando: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "o especificador de caminho '%s' é indicado por uma ligação simbólica"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"Não há nada para excluir de acordo com o padrão :(excluir).\n"
+"Talvez se tenha esquecido de acrescentar ':/' ou '.' ?"
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "não foi possível analisar o formato de --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "concluído"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version definido, mas com valor inválido.\n"
+"A usar a versão %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION definido, mas com valor inválido.\n"
+"A usar a versão %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Não foi possível abrir '%s' para escrita"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível eliminar a referência %s: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível eliminar as referências: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível eliminar a referência %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "formato esperado: %%(color:<cor>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "cor não reconhecida: %%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "formato não reconhecido: %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) não leva argumentos"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) não leva argumentos"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "valor positivo esperado contents:lines=%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "argumento de %%(contents) não reconhecido: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "argumento de %%(objectname) não reconhecido: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "formato esperado: %%(align:<largura>,<posição>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "posição não reconhecida:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "largura não reconhecida:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "argumento de %%(align) não reconhecido: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "largura positiva esperada com o átomo %%(algn)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "nome de ficheiro malformado: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "nome do campo desconhecido: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "formato: átomo %%(end) utilizado sem átomo correspondente"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "cadeia malformada %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= requer um inteiro positivo como argumento"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "a referência '%s' não tem %ld componentes como se indica em :strip"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "formato de %.*s desconhecido %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "falta o objeto %s de %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "falha ao invocar parse_object_buffer sobre %s de %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "objeto malformado em '%s'"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "a referência %s com nome danificado foi ignorada"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "a referência %s danificada foi ignorada"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "formato: falta átomo %%(end)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nome de objeto malformado %s"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Não é possível obter %s e %s ao mesmo tempo para %s"
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s geralmente segue %s, não %s"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s segue %s e %s em simultâneo"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Erro interno"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD não aponta para um ramo"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "ramo inexistente: '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "nenhum ramo a montante configurado para o ramo '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"o ramo a montante '%s' não está guardado como um ramo de monitorização remoto"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"o destino de publicação '%s' no remoto '%s' não é seguido por nenhum ramo "
+"local"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "o ramo '%s' não tem nenhum remoto para publicar"
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"'%2$s' não faz parte dos especificadores de referência de '%1$s' para "
+"publicação"
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "publicação sem destino (push.default é 'nothing')"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "não é possível resolver a publicação 'simple' num único destino"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "A base do seu ramo é '%s', mas o ramo a montante desapareceu.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" para corrigir)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "O seu ramo está atualizado com '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "O seu ramo está à frente de '%s' por %d commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "O seu ramo está à frente de '%s' por %d commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (use \"git push\" para publicar os commits locais)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"O seu ramo está atrás de '%s' por %d commit, podendo ser atualizado com "
+"avanço rápido.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"O seu ramo está atrás de '%s' por %d commits, podendo ser atualizado com "
+"avanço rápido.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (use \"git pull\" para atualizar o seu ramo local)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"O seu ramo e '%s' divergiram,\n"
+"tendo cada um %d e %d commit diferente, respetivamente.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"O seu ramo e '%s' divergiram,\n"
+"tendo cada um %d e %d commits diferentes, respetivamente.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (use \"git pull\" para integrar o ramo remoto no seu ramo)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "o ramo atual parece estar danificado"
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "o ramo atual '%s' ainda não contém nenhum commit"
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent é incompatível com --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "falha ao abrir /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) falhou"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "falha ao assinar o certificado de publicação"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "o recetor não suporta publicação com --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"certificado de publicação não enviado uma vez que o recetor não suporta "
+"publicação com --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "o recetor não suporta publicação com --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"depois de resolver os conflitos, marque os caminhos corrigidos\n"
+"com 'git add <caminhos>' ou 'git rm <caminhos>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"depois de resolver os conflitos, marque os caminhos corrigidos\n"
+"com 'git add <caminhos>' ou 'git rm <caminhos>'\n"
+"e submeta o resultado com 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível escrever em %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Erro ao rematar %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "As suas alterações locais serão substituídas por cherry-pick."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "As suas alterações locais serão substituídas por revert."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Submeta ou empilhe (stash) as suas alterações para continuar."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Não foi possível escrever novo ficheiro de índice"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Não foi possível resolver o commit HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Não foi possível atualizar a árvore de cache\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Não foi possível analisar o commit %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Não foi possível analisar o commit pai %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Ficheiro de índice não integrado."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "O commit %s é uma integração mas não foi fornecida nenhuma opção -m."
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "O commit %s não tem o pai %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"A linha principal foi especificada mas o commit %s não é uma integração."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: não foi possível analisar o commit pai %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Não é possível obter a mensagem de commit de %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível reverter %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível aplicar %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "o conjunto de commits especificado está vazio"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: falha ao ler o índice"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: falha ao atualizar o índice"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível efetuar %s durante %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Não foi possível analisar a linha %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Nenhum commit analisado."
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível abrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Não foi possível ler %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Folha de instruções inutilizável: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Chave inválida: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valor inválido de %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Folha de opções malformada: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "cherry-pick ou revert em curso"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "tente \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit |--abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível criar o diretório do sequenciador %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Erro ao rematar %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "nenhum cherry-pick ou revert em curso"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "não é possível resolver HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "não é possível abortar um ramo ainda não criado"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "não é possível abrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "não é possível ler %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "fim de ficheiro inesperado"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "o ficheiro HEAD de pre-cherry-pick '%s' está corrompido"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Não foi possível formatar %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: não é possível efetuar cherry-pick de %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: revisão incorreta"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Não é possível reverter como commit inicial"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Não é possível efetuar cherry-pick numa cabeça vazia"
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "falha ao ler %s"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "Esperava-se versão do repositório git <= %d, obteve-se %d"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "extensões de repositório desconhecidas encontradas:"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "offset antes do fim do ficheiro de pacote (.idx danificado?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr "offset antes do início do índice do pacote %s (índice corrompido?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr "offset depois do fim do índice do pacote %s (índice truncado?)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Normalmente o Git nunca cria referências que terminem em 40 caracteres "
+"hexadecimais,\n"
+"pois uma referência destas seria ignorada se indicasse só 40 caracteres "
+"hexadecimais.\n"
+"Estas referências podem ser criadas por engano. Como no exemplo,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"onde \"$br\" está vazio e é criada uma referência de 40 caracteres "
+"hexadecimais.\n"
+"Analise estas referências e elimine-as se desejar. Desative esta\n"
+"mensagem executando \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível alterar .gitmodules não integrado, resolva primeiro os "
+"conflitos de integração"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Secção de .gitmodules cujo path=%s não encontrada"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível atualizar o elemento %s de .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível remover o elemento %s de .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "falha ao preparar .gitmodules atualizado"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "não é permitido valores negativos em submodule.fetchJobs"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "Valor inválido de %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "falha ao executar o comando trailer '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "valor desconhecido '%s' da chave '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "mais do que um %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "token terminador vazio no terminador '%.*s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler o ficheiro de entrada '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler da entrada padrão"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível obter stat de %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "o ficheiro %s não é um ficheiro regular"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "o ficheiro %s não pode ser escrito pelo utilizador"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir ficheiro temporário"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível mudar o nome do ficheiro temporário para %s"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível ler a referência %s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"As suas alterações locais nos seguintes ficheiros seriam substituídas ao "
+"extrair:\n"
+"%%sSubmeta as suas alterações ou empilhe-as (stash) antes de trocar de ramo."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"As suas alterações locais nos seguintes ficheiros seriam substituídas ao "
+"extrair:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"As suas alterações locais nos seguintes ficheiros seriam substituídas ao "
+"integrar:\n"
+"%%sSubmeta as suas alterações ou empilhe-as (stash) antes de integrar."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"As suas alterações locais nos seguintes ficheiros seriam substituídas ao "
+"integrar:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"As suas alterações locais nos seguintes ficheiros seriam substituídas por %s:"
+"\n"
+"%%sSubmeta as suas alterações ou empilhe-as (stash) antes de efetuar %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"As suas alterações locais nos seguintes ficheiros seriam substituídas por %s:"
+"\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Perder-se-iam ficheiros não controlados ao atualizar os seguintes diretórios:"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados na árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"removidos ao extrair:\n"
+"%%sMova ou remova-os antes de trocar de ramos."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados na árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"removidos ao extrair:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados na árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"removidos ao integrar:\n"
+"%%sMova ou remova-os antes de integrar."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados na árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"removidos ao integrar:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados na árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"removidos por %s:\n"
+"%%sMova ou remova-os antes de efetuar %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados na árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"removidos por %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados da árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"substituídos ao extrair:\n"
+"%%sMova ou remova-os antes de trocar de ramos."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados da árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"substituídos ao extrair:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados da árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"substituídos ao integrar:\n"
+"%%sMova ou remova-os antes de integrar."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados da árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"substituídos ao integrar:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados da árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"substituídos por %s:\n"
+"%%sMova ou remova-os antes de efetuar %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros não controlados da árvore de trabalho seriam "
+"substituídos por %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "A entrada '%s' sobrepõe-se com '%s'. Não é possível vincular."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível extrair esparsamente: as seguintes entradas não estão "
+"atualizadas:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros na árvore de trabalho seriam substituídos ao "
+"atualizar a extração esparsa:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Os seguintes ficheiros na árvore de trabalho seriam removidos ao atualizar a "
+"extração esparsa:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "A abortar\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "A extrair ficheiros"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "nome de esquema de URL inválido ou falta do sufixo '://'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "sequencia de escape %XX inválida"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "sistema anfitrião não indicado e o esquema não é do tipo 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "um URL do tipo 'file:' não pode ter um número de porta"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "caracteres inválidos no nome do anfitrião"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "número de porta inválido"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "segmento de caminho '..' inválido"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir '%s' para leitura e escrita"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir '%s' para escrita"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir '%s' para leitura"
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível aceder a '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "não é possível de obter o diretório de trabalho atual"
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir %s para escrita"
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível escrever para %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível fechar %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Caminhos não integrados:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git reset %s <ficheiro>...\" para despreparar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git rm --cached <ficheiro>...\" para despreparar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git add <ficheiro>...\" para marcar como resolvido)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (use \"git add/rm <ficheiro>...\" conforme apropriado para marcar como "
+"resolvido)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git rm <ficheiro>...\" para marcar como resolvido)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Alterações para serem submetidas:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Alterações não preparadas para submeter:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git add <ficheiro>...\" para atualizar o que será submetido)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (use \"git add/rm <ficheiro>...\" para atualizar o que será submetido)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <ficheiro>...\" para descartar alterações no "
+"diretório de trabalho)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (submeta ou descarte o conteúdo modificado ou não controlado nos "
+"submódulos)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git %s <ficheiro>...\" para incluir no que será submetido)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "eliminado por ambos:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "adicionado por nós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "eliminado por eles:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "adicionado por eles:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "eliminado por nós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "adicionado por ambos:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "modificado por ambos:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "novo ficheiro:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "copiado:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "eliminado:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "modificado:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "nome mudado:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "tipo alterado:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "desconhecido:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "não integrado:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "novos commits, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "conteúdo modificado, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "conteúdo não controlado, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Submódulos alterados mas não atualizados:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Alterações em submódulos para serem submetidas:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Não altere a linha acima.\n"
+"Tudo o que estiver abaixo será removido."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Há caminhos não integrados."
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (corrija os conflitos e execute \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Todos os conflitos foram corrigidos mas ainda está a integrar."
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git commit\" para concluir a integração)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Sessão am em curso."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "O patch atual está vazio."
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (corrija os conflitos e execute \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git am --skip\" para ignorar este patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git am --abort\" para restaurar o ramo original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "Nenhum comando concluído."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "Último comando concluído (%d comando concluído):"
+msgstr[1] "Últimos comandos concluídos (%d comandos concluídos):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  (veja mais no ficheiro %s)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "Nenhum comando por concluir."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "Próximo comando a executar (%d comando restante):"
+msgstr[1] "Próximos comandos a executar (%d comandos restantes):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" para visualizar e editar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Está a realizar rebase do ramo '%s' sobre '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Está a rebasear neste momento."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (corrija os conflitos e execute \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" para ignorar este patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" para restaurar o ramo original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (todos os conflitos foram corrigidos: execute \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Está a dividir um commit ao mesmo tempo que se efetua rebase do ramo '%s' "
+"sobre '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Está a dividir um commit durante um rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Assim que o diretório de trabalho estiver limpo, execute \"git rebase --"
+"continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Está a editar um commit ao mesmo tempo que efetua rebase do ramo '%s' sobre "
+"'%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Está a editar um commit durante um rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git commit --amend\" para emendar o commit atual)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" assim que estiver satisfeito com as "
+"alterações)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Está a realizar cherry-pick do commit %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (corrija os conflitos e execute \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (todos os conflitos foram corrigidos: execute \"git cherry-pick --continue"
+"\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" para cancelar a operação de cherry-pick)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Está a reverter o commit %s neste comento."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (corrija dos conflitos e execute \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (todos os conflitos foram corrigidos: execute \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git rever --abort\" para cancelar a operação de reversão)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Está a bissetar, iniciado a partir do ramo '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Está a bissetar neste momento."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (use \"git bisect reset\" para voltar ao ramo original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "No ramo "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebase interativo em curso; sobre "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebase em curso; sobre "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD destacada em "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD destacada de "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Não se encontra em nenhum ramo neste momento."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Commit inicial"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Ficheiros não controlados"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Ficheiros ignorados"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"A enumeração dos ficheiros não controlados demorou %.2f segundos\n"
+"a concluir. 'status -uno' pode acelerar o processo, mas deve ter\n"
+"cuidado de não se esquecer de adicionar novos ficheiros\n"
+"(consulte 'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Ficheiros não controlados não listados%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (use a opção -u para mostrar os ficheiros não controlados)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Sem alterações"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nenhuma alteração adicionada para submeter (use \"git add\" e/ou \"git "
+"commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "nenhuma alteração adicionada para submeter\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"não foi adicionado nada para submeter, mas existem ficheiros não controlados "
+"(use \"git add\" para controlá-los)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr ""
+"não foi adicionado nada para submeter, mas existem ficheiros não "
+"controlados\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"não há nada para submeter (crie/copie ficheiros e use \"git add\" para "
+"controlá-los)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "não há nada para submeter\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"não há nada para submeter (use -u para mostrar os ficheiros não controlados)"
+"\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "não há nada para submeter, diretório de trabalho limpo\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Commit inicial em "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (nenhum ramo)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "desaparecido"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "atrás "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "à frente "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao invocar unlink de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<opções>] [--] <caminho>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "diff status inesperado %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "falha ao atualizar os ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "remover '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Alterações não preparadas depois de atualizar o índice:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Não foi possível ler o índice"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Não foi possível abrir '%s' para escrita."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Não foi possível escrever patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "falha ao editar patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível obter stat de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Patch vazio. Abortado."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível aplicar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "Os seguintes caminhos estão ignorados por algum ficheiro .gitignore:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "simular ação"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "ser verboso"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "seleção interativa"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "selecionar blocos interativamente"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "editar o diff atual e aplicá-lo"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "permitir adicionar ficheiros ignorados"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "atualizar ficheiros controlados"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "registar apenas o facto de que o caminho será adicionado mais tarde"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+"adicionar alterações de todos os ficheiros controlados ou não controlados"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorar caminhos removidos na árvore de trabalho (o mesmo que --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "não adicionar, apenas atualizar o índice"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "ignorar ficheiros que não podem ser adicionados por causa de erros"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "verificar quais os ficheiros ignorados na simulação"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Use -f se deseja mesmo adicioná-los.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "falha ao adicionar ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A e -u são mutuamente incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "A opção --ignore-missing só pode ser usada em conjunto com --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Não foi especificado nada, nada adicionado.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Queria dizer 'git add .'?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "ficheiro de índice corrompido"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Não foi possível escrever novo ficheiro de índice"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "não foi possível analisar o autor do script"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "'%s' foi eliminado pelo hook applypatch-msg"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Linha de entrada malformada: '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Falha ao copiar notas de '%s' para '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "falha ao invocar fseek"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível analisar o patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Só pode ser aplicada uma série de patches StGIT duma só vez"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "carimbo de data/hora inválido"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "linha de Data inválida"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "mudança de fuso horário inválida"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Falha ao detetar o formato do patch."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao criar o diretório '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "Falha ao dividir patches."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "não é possível escrever o ficheiro de índice"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "Após resolver este problema, execute \"%s --continue\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr "Se preferir ignorar este patch, execute \"%s --skip\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Para restaurar o ramo original e interromper a aplicação dos patches, "
+"execute \"%s --abort\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "O patch está vazio. Foi dividido incorretamente?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "linha de identidade inválida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível analisar o commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"O repositório não tem os blobs necessários para recorrer a integração com 3 "
+"pontos."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "A usar informação do índice para reconstruir uma árvore de base..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Editou o patch manualmente?\n"
+"Não é possível aplicá-lo aos blobs registados no índice."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr ""
+"A recorrer a uma de base para aplicação de patches e integração com 3 "
+"pontos..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Falha ao integrar as alterações."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree falhou ao escrever uma árvore"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "a aplicar a um histórico vazio"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "falha ao escrever objeto de commit"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "não é possível continuar: %s não existe."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"não é possível entrar em modo interativo sem um entrada padrão conectada a "
+"um terminal."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Corpo do commit:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr "Aplicar? [y]sim/[n]ão/[e]ditar/[v]er patch/[a]ceitar todos: "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "�ndice modificado: não é possível aplicar patches (modificado: %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "A aplicar: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Nenhuma alteração -- Já foi aplicado o patch."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "Falha ao aplicar o patch em %s %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "A cópia do patch que falhou encontra-se em: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Sem alterações - esqueceu-se de usar 'git add'?\n"
+"Se não há nada por preparar, provavelmente essas mesmas alterações\n"
+"já foram introduzidas; pode querer ignorar este patch."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ainda há caminhos não integrados no índice.\n"
+"Esqueceu-se de usar 'git add'?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Não foi possível analisar o objeto '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "falha ao limpar o índice"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Parece que a HEAD foi movida desde a última vez que o 'am' falhou.\n"
+"Não recuando a ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "Valor inválido de --patch-format: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<opções>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<opções>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "executar interativamente"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "opção histórica -- sem-ação"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "permitir recorrer a integração com 3 pontos se necessário"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "silencioso"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "adicionar uma linha com Signed-of-by no fim da mensagem de commit"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "recodificar em utf8 (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passar a opção -k ao git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passar a opção -b ao git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "passar a opção -m ao git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "passar a opção --keep-cr ao gitmailsplit para formato de mbox"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr ""
+"não passar a opção --keep-cr ao git-mailsplit independentemente de am.keepcr"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "retirar todo o conteúdo antes da linha de tesoura"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "ação"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "transmitir ao git-apply"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "raiz"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "caminho"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134
+#: builtin/pull.c:193 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:645 builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "num"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "formato"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "formato de apresentação de patches"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "substituir a mensagem de erro quando a aplicação do patch falha"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "continuar a aplicar os patches depois de resolver os conflitos"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "sinónimo de --continue"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "ignorar o patch atual"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr "restaurar o ramo original e abortar a operação de patch."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "mentir sobre a data de commit"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "usar a data e hora atual como data de autor"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "id-chave"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "assinar os commits com GPG"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(uso interno de git-rebase)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"A opção -b/--binary há muito que é ignorada e será\n"
+"futuramente removida. Por favor não a use."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "falha ao ler o índice"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"o diretório de rebesa anterior %s ainda existe, mas foi fornecida uma mbox."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Diretório abandonado %s encontrado.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" para o remover."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "A operação de resolução não está em curso, não retomando."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<opções>] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "opção de espaço em branco não reconhecida '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "opção de ignorar espaço em branco não reconhecida '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Não é possível preparar a regexp de carimbo de data/hora %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec retornou %d para a entra: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "não foi possível encontrar o nome do ficheiro no patch na linha %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff incorreto - esperava-se /dev/null, obteve-se %s na linha "
+"%d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff incorreto - o nome do novo ficheiro na linha %d é "
+"inconsistente"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff incorreto - o nome do ficheiro antigo na linha %d é "
+"inconsistente"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff incorreto - esperava-se /dev/null na linha %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recontagem: linha inesperada: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fragmento de patch sem cabeçalho na linha %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"o cabeçalho do git diff não revelou o nome do ficheiro depois de se remover "
+"%d componente do caminho (linha %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"o cabeçalho do git diff não revelou o nome do ficheiro depois de se remover "
+"%d componentes de caminho (linha %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "o novo ficheiro depende de conteúdos antigos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "o ficheiro eliminado ainda tem conteúdos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch corrompido na linha %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "o novo ficheiro %s depende de conteúdos antigos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "o ficheiro eliminado %s ainda tem conteúdos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** aviso: o ficheiro %s ficará vazio, mas não será eliminado"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch binário corrompido na linha %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch binário não reconhecido na linha %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "patch incompreensível na linha %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "não é possível ler a ligação simbólica %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "não é possível abrir ou ler %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "início de linha inválido: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Excerto nº%d bem sucedido na linha %d (%d linha deslocada)."
+msgstr[1] "Excerto nº%d bem sucedido na linha %d (%d linhas deslocadas)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Contexto reduzido para (%ld/%ld) para aplicar o fragmento em %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"ao procura por:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "falta de dados do patch binário '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "o patch binário não foi aplicado corretamente a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"o patch binário aplicado a '%s' gera resultados incorretos (esperava-se %s, "
+"obteve-se %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "falha ao aplicar o patch: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "não é possível extrair %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "falha ao ler %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "a ler '%s' indicado por uma ligação simbólica"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "o caminho %s foi eliminado ou mudou de nome"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: não existe no índice"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: não tem correspondência no índice"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "patch de remoção deixa conteúdos no ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: tipo errado"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s é do tipo %o, esperado %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "caminho inválido '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: já existe no índice"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: já existe no diretório de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "o novo modo (%o) de %s não corresponde ao modo antigo (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "o novo modo (%o) de %s não corresponde ao modo antigo (%o) de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "o ficheiro afetado '%s' é indicado por uma ligação simbólica"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: patch não se aplica com sucesso"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "A verificar o patch %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao invocar make_cache_entry em '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "não é possível remover %s do índice"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "patch corrompido no submódulo %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível obter estado do novo ficheiro criado '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+"não é possível criar armazenamento de segurança do ficheiro recém-criado %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "não é possível adicionar %s à cache"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "a fechar o ficheiro '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "não é possível escrever o ficheiro '%s' com o modo %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s aplicado com sucesso."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "erro interno"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "A aplicar patch %%s com %d rejeição..."
+msgstr[1] "A aplicar patch %%s com %d rejeições..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "a truncar o nome do ficheiro .rej em %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "não é possível abrir %s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Excerto nº%d aplicado com sucesso."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Excerto nº%d rejeitado."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "Patch '%s' ignorado."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "entrada não reconhecida"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler o ficheiro de índice"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "não aplicar alterações que correspondam ao caminho fornecido"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "aplicar alterações que correspondam ao caminho fornecido"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "remover <num> barras à esquerda dos caminhos de diff tradicional"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignorar adições feitas pelo patch"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "em vez de aplicar o patch, mostrar o diffstat da entrada"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "mostrar número de linhas adicionadas e removidas em notação decimal"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "em vez de aplicar o patch, mostrar um resumo da entrada"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "em vez de aplicar o patch, verificar se o patch pode ser aplicado"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "garantir que o patch pode ser aplicado ao índice atual"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "aplicar um patch sem tocar na árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "aceitar patches que alteram ficheiros fora da área de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "aplicar o patch também (use com --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr ""
+"tentar integração com três pontos se um patch não se se aplica com êxito"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"construir um índice temporário baseado na informação incorporada do índice"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "os caminhos estão separados por caracteres NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "garantir que, pelo menos, <n> linhas de contexto coincidem"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "detetar linhas novas ou modificadas que tenham espaços em branco"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignorar alterações de espaço em branco ao procurar contexto"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "aplicar o patch em reverso"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "não esperar nenhuma linha de contexto"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "deixar os excertos rejeitados nos respetivos ficheiros *.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "permitir a sobreposição de excertos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+"tolerar deteções incorretas de falta de nova linha no final do ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "não confiar na contagem de linhas no cabeçalho dos excertos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "preceder <root> a todos os nomes de ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way fora de um repositório"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index fora de um repositório"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached fora de um repositório"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível abrir o patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "%d erro de espaço em branco reprimido"
+msgstr[1] "%d erros de espaço em branco reprimidos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d linha adiciona erros de espaço em branco."
+msgstr[1] "%d linhas adicionam erros de espaço em branco."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar o ficheiro de arquivo '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "não foi possível redirecionar a saída"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Remoto sem URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: esperava-se ACK/NAK, obteve-se EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "erro remoto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: erro de protocolo"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: esvaziamento de cache (flush) esperado"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "executar 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "atualizar BISECT_HEAD em vez de extrair o commit atual"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<opções>] [<rev-opções>] [<rev>] [--] <ficheiro>"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<rev-opções> estão documentadas em git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "Linhas de culpa"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr ""
+"Mostrar entradas de culpa à medida que forem encontradas, incrementalmente"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostar SHA-1 dos commits limite em branco (Predefinição: desativado)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Não tratar os commits raiz como limites (Predefinição: desativado)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Mostrar estatísticas de custo de atividade"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Forçar informação de progresso"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Mostrar a pontuação das entradas de culpa"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Mostrar o nome do ficheiro original (Predefinição: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostrar números de linha originais (Predefinição: desativado)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Mostrar em formato próprio para ser consumo por uma máquina"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Mostrar em formato de porcelana com informações de commit por linha"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Usar o mesmo modo de saída que git-annotate (Predefinição: desativado)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostrar carimbo de data/hora em bruto (Predefinição: desativado)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostrar SHA1 longo de commit (Predefinição: desativado)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Suprimir nome de autor e carimbo de data/hora (Predefinição: desativado)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostrar o email do autor em vez do nome (Predefinição: desativado)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignorar as diferenças de espaço em branco"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Despender ciclos extra para encontrar uma melhor correspondência"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Usar revisões do <ficheiro> em vez de invocar git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Usar o conteúdo do <ficheiro> como imagem final"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "pontuação"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Localizar linhas copiadas dentro e entre ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Localizar linhas movidas dentro e entre ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Processar apenas o intervalo de linhas n,m, a cantar de 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "há 4 anos e 11 meses atrás"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<opções>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<opções>] [-l] [-f] <nome-ramo> [<ponto-de-partida>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<opções>] [-r] (-d | -D) <nome-do-ramo>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<opções>] (-m | -M) [<ramo-antigo>] <novo-ramo>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<opções>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"a eliminar o ramo '%s' integrado em\n"
+"         '%s', mas ainda não integrado em HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"ramo '%s' não eliminado, visto que ainda não foi integrado em\n"
+"         '%s', apesar de já ter sido integrado em HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível pesquisar pelo objeto commit de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"O ramo '%s' não foi totalmente integrado.\n"
+"Se tem a certeza que o quer eliminar, execute 'git branch -D %s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Falha ao atualizar o ficheiro de configuração"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "não é possível usar -a com -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Não foi possível pesquisar pelo objeto commit de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possível eliminar o ramo '%s' extraído em '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "ramo de monitorização remoto '%s' não encontrado."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "ramo '%s' não encontrado."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erro a eliminar o ramo de monitorização remoto '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erro a eliminar ramo '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Ramo de monitorização remoto %s eliminado (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Ramo %s eliminado (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: desaparecido]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: atrás %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[atrás %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: à frente %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[à frente %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: à frente %d, atrás %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[à frente %d, atrás %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** referências inválida ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(nenhum ramo, a efetuar rebase de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(nenhum ramo, bissecção iniciada em %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD destacada em %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD destacada de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(nenhum ramo)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "O ramo %s está a ser rebaseado em %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "O ramo %s está a ser bissetado em %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+"não é possível mudar o nome do ramo atual vista que não se encontra num ramo."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nome de ramo inválido: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Falha ao mudar o nome do ramo"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "O ramo incorretamente denominado '%s' mudou de nome"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "O nome do ramo mudou para %s, mas a HEAD não está atualizada!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"O ramo mudou de nome, mas a atualização do ficheiro de configuração falhou"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "não foi possível escrever o modelo da descrição do ramo"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Opções genéricas"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "apresentar hash e assunto, duplique para ramos a montante"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "suprimir mensagens informativas"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "configurar modo de seguimento (consulte git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "alterar a informação do ramo a montante"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "a montante"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "alterar a informação do ramo a montante"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "usar saída colorida"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "atuar sobre ramos de monitorização remotos"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas ramos que contenham o commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Ações específicas do git-branch:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "listar ramos de monitorização remotos e ramos locais"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "eliminar um ramo totalmente integrado"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "eliminar um ramo (mesmo que não tenha sido integrado)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "mover ou mudar o nome de um ramo e o seu reflog"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "mover ou mudar o nome de um ramo, mesmo que o destino já exista"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "listar os nomes dos ramos"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "criar reflog do ramo"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "editar a descrição do ramo"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "forçar criação, mover/mudar o nome ou exclusão"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas os ramos que foram integrados"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas os ramos que não foram integrados"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "listar os ramos em colunas"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "chave"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "nome do campo pelo qual ordernar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objeto"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas os ramos do objeto"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Falha ao resolver HEAD numa referência válida."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD não encontrada em refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column e --verbose são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "nome do ramo é obrigatório"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Não é possível atribuir descrição a HEAD destacada"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "não é possível editar a descrição de mais do que um ramo"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Ainda não há commits no ramo '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Não há nenhum ramo denominado '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "demasiados ramos para uma operação de mudança de nome"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "demasiados ramos para definir novo ramo a montante"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"não foi possível definir %s como ramo a montante de HEAD visto que esta não "
+"aponta para um ramo."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "o ramo '%s' não existe"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "o ramo '%s' não existe"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "demasiados ramos para remover a definição de ramo a montante"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"não foi possível remover a definição de ramo a montante de HEAD visto que "
+"esta não aponta para um ramo."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "O ramo '%s' não tem informação sobre o ramo a montante"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "não faz sentido criar 'HEAD' manualmente"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr "as opções -a e -r de 'git branch' não fazem sentido com um nome de ramo"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"A opção --set-upstream é obsoleta e será removida. Considere o uso de --"
+"track ou --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Se quer que '%s' siga '%s', faça:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s está correto\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "É necessário um repositório para criar um bundle."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "É preciso um repositório para desempacotar."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-"
+"type]|-e|-p|<tipo>|--textconv) <objeto>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<tipo> pode ser um de: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "mostrar tipo do objeto"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "mostrar tamanho do objeto"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "sair com retorno zero quando não houver erros"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "mostrar conteúdo do objeto com impressão bonita"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "executar textconv no conteúdo de objetos blob"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "permitir que -s e -t funcionem com objetos danificados/corrompidos"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "carregar a saída de --batch"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "mostrar informação e conteúdo dos objetos fornecidos na entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "mostrar informação sobre os objetos fornecidos na entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr ""
+"seguir ligações simbólica no interior da árvore (usado com --batch ou --"
+"batch-check)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "mostrar todos os objetos com --batch ou --batch-check"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <atributo>...] [--] <caminho>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <atributo>...]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "apresentar todos os atributos definidos no ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "usar .gitattributes apenas a partir do índice"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "ler os nomes dos ficheiros da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "terminar registos da entrada e da saída com um carácter NUL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "suprimir informação de progresso"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "mostrar caminhos de entrada sem correspondência"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignorar o índice ao verificar"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "não é possível especificar caminhos com --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z só faz sentido com --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "nenhum caminho especificado"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet só é válido com um único caminho"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "não é possível usar --quiet e --verbose simultaneamente"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching só é válido com --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<opções>] <contacto>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "também ler contactos da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "não é possível analisar o contacto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "nenhum contacto especificado"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<opções>] [--] [<ficheiro>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "stage deve ser um número entre 1 e 3 ou o parâmetro all"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "extrair todos os ficheiros presentes no índice"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "forçar substituição dos ficheiros existentes"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"não mostrar aviso para ficheiros existentes e ficheiros não presentes no "
+"índice"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "não extrair novos ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "atualizar informação de stat no ficheiro de índice"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "ler lista de caminhos da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "escrever o conteúdo em ficheiros temporários"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "cadeia"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "preceder <cadeia> ao criar ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "copiar os ficheiros do estágio indicado"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<opções>] <ramo>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<opções>] [<ramo>] -- <ficheiro>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "o caminho '%s' não tem a nossa versão"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "o caminho '%s' não tem a versão deles"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "o caminho '%s' não tem todas as versões necessárias"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "o caminho '%s' não tem as versões necessárias"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "caminho '%s': não é possível integrar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possível adicionar os resultados da integração de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' não pode ser usado com caminhos em atualização"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' não pode ser usado com %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível atualizar os caminhos e mudar para o ramo '%s' ao mesmo tempo."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "ficheiro de índice corrompido"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "o caminho '%s' não foi integrado"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "primeiro deve resolver o índice atual"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "Não é possível efetuar reflog de '%s': %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD está agora em"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "não foi possível atualizar HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Repor ramo '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Já em '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Mudou para e repôs o ramo '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Mudou para o novo ramo '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Mudou para o ramo '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... e mais %d.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Aviso: deixa %d commit para trás, não ligado a nenhum ramo:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Aviso: deixa %d commits para trás, não ligados a nenhum ramo:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Se deseja mantê-lo, criando um novo ramo, agora seria uma boa altura\n"
+"para fazê-lo com:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <nome-do-novo-ramo> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Se deseja mantê-los, criando um novo ramo, agora seria uma boa altura\n"
+"para fazê-lo com:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <nome-do-novo-ramo> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "erro interno durante o curso de revisões"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "A posição anterior de HEAD era"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Está num ramo ainda não criado"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "esperava-se apenas uma referência, %d fornecidas."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "referência inválida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "a referência não é uma árvore: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "não podem ser usados caminhos ao mudar de ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' não pode ser usado ao mudar de ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' não pode ser usado com '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possível mudar de ramo para '%s', visto que não é um commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "criar e extrair um novo ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "criar/repor e extrair um ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "criar reflog do novo ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "destacar HEAD no commit indicado"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "definir a informação do ramo a montante do novo ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "novo-ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "novo ramo sem pai"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extrair a nossa versão dos ficheiros não integrados"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extrair a versão deles dos ficheiros não integrados"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "forçar extração (descartar modificações locais)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "realizar uma integração com 3 pontos com o novo ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "atualizar ficheiros ignorados (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "estilo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "estilo de conflito (merge ou diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "não restringir especificadores de caminho a entradas esparsas"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "tentar adivinhar 'git checkout <ramo-inexistente>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr ""
+"não verificar se outra árvore de trabalho contém a referência fornecida"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "forçar informação de progresso"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B e --orphan são mutuamente exclusivos"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track requer um nome dum ramo"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Falta um nome dum ramo; tente -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "especificação de caminho inválida"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível atualizar os caminho e mudar para o ramo '%s' ao mesmo tempo."
+"\n"
+"Pretendia extrair '%s' o qual não pode ser resolvido como commit?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach não aceita um caminho como argumento '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force e --merge são incompatíveis\n"
+"durante a extração do índice."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <padrão>] [-x | -X] [--] <caminhos>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "A remover %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Removeria %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "A ignorar o repositório %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignoraria o repositório %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "falha ao remover %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Ajuda de linha de comandos:\n"
+"1          - selecionar um item numerado\n"
+"foo        - selecionar item baseado no prefixo único\n"
+"           - (vazio) não seleciona nada"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Ajuda de linha de comandos:\n"
+"1          - selecionar um único item\n"
+"3-5        - selecionar um intervalo de items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - selecionar múltiplos intervalos\n"
+"foo        - selecionar item baseado no prefixo único\n"
+"-...       - desselecionar itens especificados\n"
+"*          - escolher todos os itens\n"
+"           - (vazio) concluir seleção"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "O quê (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Introduza padrões a ignorar>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "AVISO: não foram encontrados itens correspondentes a: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Selecione itens para eliminar"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Remover %s [y/N]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Adeus."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - começar a limpar\n"
+"filter by pattern   - excluir itens da eliminação\n"
+"select by numbers   - selecionar itens para serem eliminados por número\n"
+"ask each            - confirmar cada eliminação (como \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - parar limpeza\n"
+"help                - esta ajuda\n"
+"?                   - ajuda para seleção em linha de comandos"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Comandos ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "E agora"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Removeria o seguinte item:"
+msgstr[1] "Removeria os seguintes itens:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Não há mais ficheiros por limpar, a terminar."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "não imprimir os nomes dos ficheiros removidos"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "forçar"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "limpeza interativa"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "remover diretórios inteiros"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "padrão"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "adicionar <padrão> às regras ignoradas"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "também remover ficheiros ignorados"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "remover apenas ficheiros ignorados"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x e -X não pode ser usados juntos"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce definido como true e nenhum -i, -n, ou -f fornecido; "
+"limpeza recusada"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce predefinido como true e nenhum -i, -n, ou -f fornecido; "
+"limpeza recusada"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<opções>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "não criar uma extração"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "criar um repositório nu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "criar um repositório espelhado (implica repositório nu)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "para clonar de um repositório local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "não usar ligações fixas, copiar sempre"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "configurar como repositório partilhado"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "inicializar submódulos no clone"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "número de submódulos clonados em paralelo"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "diretório-modelo"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "diretório que contém os modelos usados"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "repositório de referência"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "usar --reference apenas para clonar"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "nome"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "usar <nome> em vez de 'origin' para seguir o ramo a montante"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "extrair <ramo> em vez da HEAD do remoto"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "caminho para git-upload-pack no remoto"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "profundidade"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "criar um clone raso com essa profundidade"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "clonar apenas um ramo, HEAD ou --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "qualquer submódulo clonado será raso"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "separar o repositório git da árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "chave=valor"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "definir configuração dentro do novo repositório"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "usar apenas endereços IPv4"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "usar apenas endereços IPv6"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"Não foi possível adivinhar o nome do diretório.\n"
+"Especifique um diretório na linha de comandos"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr ""
+"ainda não é suportada a funcionalidade que permite ter o repositório de "
+"referência '%s' como uma extração ligada."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "o repositório de referência '%s' não é um repositório local."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "o repositório de referência '%s' é raso"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "o repositório de referência '%s' está enxertado"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existe e não é um diretório"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "falha ao invocar stat de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao criar a ligação '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao copiar o ficheiro para '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "concluído.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Clonado com sucesso, mas a extração falhou.\n"
+"Pode inspecionar o que foi extraído com 'git status'\n"
+"e repetir a extração com 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Ramo remoto %s não encontrado para clonar."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "A verificar a conectividade... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "o remoto não enviou todos os objetos necessários"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível atualizar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"a HEAD remota referencia uma referência inexistente, não é possível extrair."
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "não foi possível extrair a árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "não foi possível escrever os parâmetros no ficheiro de configuração"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "não é possível reempacotar para limpar"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "não é possível invocar unlink sobre o ficheiro sobressalente temporário"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Demasiados argumentos."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Deve especificar um repositório para clonar."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "as opções --bare e --origin %s são incompatíveis."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare e --separate-git-dir são incompatíveis."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "o repositório '%s' não existe"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "profundidade %s não é um número positivo"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "o caminho de destino '%s' já existe e não é um diretório vazio."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "a árvore de trabalho '%s' já existe."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar os diretórios superiores de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar o diretório de árvore de trabalho '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "A clonar no repositório nu '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "A clonar em '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth é ignorado em clones locais; use file:// ."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "o repositório de origem é raso, --local ignorado"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local ignorado"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Não sei como clonar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "O ramo remoto %s não foi encontrado no repositório a montante %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Parece foi clonado um repositório vazio."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "pesquisar variáveis de configuração"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "esquema a usar"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Largura máxima"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Espaço de preenchimento na borda esquerda"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Espaço de preenchimento na borda direita"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Espaço de preenchimento entre colunas"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command deve ser o primeiro argumento"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<opções>] [--] <especificador-de-caminho>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<opções>] [--] <especificador-de-caminho>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"O seu nome e endereço de e-mail foram configurados automaticamente com base\n"
+"no seu nome de utilizador e nome de máquina. Verifique se estão corretos.\n"
+"Pode suprimir esta mensagem configurando-os explicitamente. Execute\n"
+"o seguinte comando e siga as instruções no editor para editar\n"
+"o ficheiro de configuração:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"Após fazer isto, pode corrigir a identidade usada neste commit com:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"O seu nome e endereço de e-mail foram configurados automaticamente com base\n"
+"no seu nome de utilizador e nome de máquina. Verifique se estão corretos.\n"
+"Pode suprimir esta mensagem configurando-os explicitamente:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"O Seu Nome\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email utilizador@exemplo.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Após fazer isto, pode corrigir a identidade usada neste commit com:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Pediu para emendar o commit mais recente, mas ao fazê-lo torná-lo-ia\n"
+"vazio. Pode repetir o comando com --allow-empty, ou pode remover o\n"
+"commit completamente com \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"O cherry-pick anterior está vazio, possivelmente devido a resolução de "
+"conflitos.\n"
+"Se deseja submeter de qualquer forma, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Caso contrário, use 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Se deseja ignorar este commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Depois \"git cherry-pick --continue\" irá retomar o cherry-pick\n"
+"dos restantes commits.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "falha ao descompactar o objeto árvore HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar índice temporário"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "falha ao adicionar interativamente"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "não é possível atualizar o índice temporário"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Falha ao atualizar a árvore de cache principal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "não é possível escrever o ficheiro new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "não é possível fazer um commit parcial durante uma integração."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "não é possível fazer um commit parcial durante um cherry-pick."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "não é possível ler o índice"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "não é possível escrever ficheiro de índice temporário"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "o commit '%s' não tem cabeçalho de autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "o commit '%s' tem a linha de autor malformada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "parâmetro --author malformado"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "formato de data inválido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"não foi possível selecionar um carácter de comentário que\n"
+"não estivesse já a ser usado na mensagem de commit atual"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível consultar o commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(a ler mensagem de log da entrada padrão)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler o log da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível ler o ficheiro de log '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "não foi possível escrever o modelo de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Parece que está a submeter uma integração.\n"
+"Se não for o caso, remova o ficheiro\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"e tente de novo.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Parece que está a submeter um cherry-pick.\n"
+"Se não é o caso, remova o ficheiro\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"e tente outra vez.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Introduza a mensagem de commit das suas alterações.\n"
+"Linhas começadas com '%c' serão ignoradas, e uma mensagem vazia\n"
+"aborta o commit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Introduzia a mensagem de commit das suas alterações.\n"
+"Linhas começadas com '%c' serão mantidas; pode removê-las se o desejar.\n"
+"Uma mensagem vazia aborta o commit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sAutor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sData:      %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Não é possível ler o índice"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Erro ao construir árvores"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Indique a mensagem usando as opções -m ou -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' não é do tipo 'Nome <email>' e não corresponde a um autor "
+"existente"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Modo inválido de ficheiros não controlados '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long e -z são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Não faz sentido usar --reset-author e --author ao mesmo tempo"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Não há nada para emendar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Integração em curso -- não é possível emendar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Cherry-pick em curso -- não é possível emendar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "As opções --squash e --fixup não podem ser usadas juntas"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Apenas um entre -c/-C/-F/--fixup pode ser usado."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "A opção -m não pode ser combinada com -c/C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author só pode ser usado com -C, -c ou --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Apenas um entre --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch pode ser usado."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "As opções --include/--only não fazem sentido sem indicar caminhos."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Inteligente... a emendar o último commit com o índice sujo."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Caminhos explícitos especificados sem -i ou -o; assumindo --only..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Modo de limpeza inválido %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Indicar caminhos com -a não faz sentido."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "mostrar status de forma concisa"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "mostrar informação do ramo"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "saída inteligível por máquina"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "apresentar status em formato longo (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "terminar entradas com NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "modo"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostrar ficheiros não controlados, modo é opcional: all, normal, no. "
+"(Predefinição: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "mostrar ficheiros ignorados"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "quando"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorar alterações em submódulos, quando é opcional: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Predefinição: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "listar ficheiros não controlados em colunas"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "não foi possível consultar o commit recém-criado"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "não foi possível analisar o commit recém-criado"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD destacada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (commit-raiz)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "suprimir o resumo depois de submeter com sucesso"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "mostrar diff no modelo da mensagem de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Opções de mensagem de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "ler mensagem de um ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "substituir autor do commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "data"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "substituir data do commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "mensagem"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "mensagem de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "reutilizar e editar a mensagem de um commit especificado"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "reutilizar a mensagem de um commit especificado"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"usar mensagem com formato autosquash para corrigir o commit especificado"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr "usar mensagem com formato autosquash para esmagar o commit especificado"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "agora sou eu o autor do commit (usado com C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "adicionar Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "usar ficheiro de modelo especificado"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "forçar edição do commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "predefinição"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "como retirar espaços e #comentários da mensagem"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "incluir status no modelo da mensagem de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "assinar o commit com GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Opções de conteúdo do commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "submeter todos os ficheiros alterados"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "adicionar ficheiros especificados ao índice para submeter"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "adicionar ficheiros interativamente"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "adicionar alterações interativamente"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "submeter somente os ficheiros especificados"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "ignorar pre-commit hook"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "mostrar o que seria submetido"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "emendar o commit anterior"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "ignorar post-rewrite hook"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "aceitar o registo duma alteração vazia"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "aceitar o registo duma alteração com uma mensagem vazia"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "não foi possível analisar o commit HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Ficheiro MERGE_HEAD corrompido (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler a mensagem de commit: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "A abortar o commit; não editou a mensagem.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "A abortar o commit uma vez que a mensagem de commit está vazia.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"O repositório foi atualizado, mas não foi possível escrever\n"
+"o ficheiro new_index. Verifique se o disco não está cheio\n"
+"e que a quota não foi excedida e execute \"git reset HEAD\" para recuperar."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Localização do ficheiro de configuração"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "usar ficheiro de configuração global"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "usar ficheiro de configuração do sistema"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "usar ficheiro de configuração do repositório"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "usar ficheiro de configuração fornecido"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "id-blob"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "ler configuração a partir do objeto blob fornecido"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Ação"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obter valor: nome [regex-do-valor]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obter todos os valores: chave [regex-do-valor]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obter valores para a regexp: regex-do-nome [regex-do-valor]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "obter valor do URL especificado: section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"substituir todos as variáveis correspondentes: nome valor [regex-do-valor]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "adicionar uma nova variável: nome valor"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "remover uma variável: nome [regex-do-valor]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "remover todas as correspondências: nome [regex-do-valor]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "mudar o nome da secção: nome-antigo novo-nome"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "remover uma secção: nome"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "listar todos"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "abrir um editor"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "encontrar a cor configurada: slot [predefinição]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "encontrar a definição de cor: slot [stdout-é-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Tipo"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "o valor é \"true\" (verdadeiro) ou \"false\" (falso)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "o valor é um número decimal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "o valor é --bool ou --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "o valor é um caminho (nome dum ficheiro ou diretório)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Outro"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminar valores com o byte NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas os nomes das variáveis"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respeitar diretivas de inclusão ao pesquisar"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostrar a origem da configuração (ficheiro, entrada padrão, blob, linha de "
+"comandos)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "não é possível analisar o valor de cor por omissão"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Este é o ficheiro de configuração do Git do utilizador.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Adapte e retire os comentários das seguintes linhas:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "não é possível criar o ficheiro de configuração %s"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "imprimir dimensões em formato inteligível por humanos"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<opções>] [<commit-etc>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<opções>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "a tag anotada %s não está disponível"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "a tag anotada %s não tem nenhum nome incorporado"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "a tag '%s' está de facto em '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "%s não é um nome de objeto válido"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s não é um objeto '%s' válido"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "nenhuma tag corresponde exatamente a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "à procurar da descrição de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "a pesquisa terminou em %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível usar tags anotadas para descrever '%s'.\n"
+"No entanto, é possível com tags não anotadas: tente --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível usar tags para descrever '%s'.\n"
+"Tente --always, ou crie algumas tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "%lu commits percorridos\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mais de %i tags encontradas; foram listadas as %i mais recentes\n"
+"pesquisa interrompida em %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "localizar a tag que vem após o commit"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "depurar a estratégia de procura para stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "usar uma referência qualquer"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "usar uma tag qualquer, mesmo não anotada"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "usar sempre formato longo"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "seguir só o primeiro pai"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas correspondências exatas"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "considerar as <n> tags mais recentes (predefinição: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "apenas considerar tags que correspondam ao <padrão>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "mostrar objetos de commit abreviados em recurso"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "marca"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+"acrescentar <marca> se a árvore de trabalho contiver alterações "
+"(predefinição: \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long é incompatível com --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Nenhum nome encontrado, não é possível descrever."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty é incompatível com commits ou semelhantes"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s': não é um ficheiro regular nem uma ligação simbólica"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "opção inválida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Não é um repositório git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objeto inválido '%s' fornecido."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "mais do que dois blobs fornecidos: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objeto sem tratamento '%s' fornecido."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [opções-de-rev-list]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "mostrar progresso depois de <n> objetos"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "selecionar o tratamento de tags assinadas"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "selecionar o tratamento de tags que apontem para objetos filtrados"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Capturar marcas neste ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Importar marcas deste ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Inventar um autor de tag para tags que não tenham um"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Mostrar a árvore completa para cada commit"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Usar a funcionalidade done para terminar o fluxo"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Ignorar a exibição de dados de blob"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "especificador de referência"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Aplicar o especificador de referência a referências exportadas"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "anonimizar saída"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<opções>] [<repositório> [<especificador-de-referência>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<opções>] <grupo>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<opções>] [(<repositório> | <grupo>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "obter de todos os remotos"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "acrescentar a .git/FETCH_HEAD em vez de substituir"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "caminho para o comando upload pack no remoto"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "forçar a substituição do ramo local"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "obter de múltiplos remotos"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "obter todas as tags e objetos associados"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "não obter todas as tags (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "número de submódulos obtidos em paralelo"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "eliminar os ramos de monitorização remotos que já não existem no remoto"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "on-demand"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "controlar a obtenção recursiva de submódulos"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "manter o pacote transferido"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "permitir a atualização da referência HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "aprofundar o histórico de um clone raso"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "converter num repositório completo"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "dir"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "preceder isto ao caminho do submódulo"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "modo recursivo por omissão"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "aceitar referência que atualizem .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "mapa de referências"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "especificar mapa de referências"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Referência remota HEAD não encontrada"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objeto %s não encontrado"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[atualizado]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (não é possível obter no ramo atual)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[rejeitado]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[tag atualizada]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (não é possível atualizar a referência local)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[nova tag]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[novo ramo]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[nova referência]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "não é possível atualizar a referência local"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "atualização forçada"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(sem avanço rápido)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s não enviou todos os objetos necessários\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "%s rejeitado, porque as raízes rasas não podem ser atualizadas"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "De %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"algumas referências locais não puderam ser atualizadas; tente executar\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' para remover algum ramo antigo em conflito"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s ficará suspenso)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s ficou suspenso)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[eliminado]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(nenhum)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Obtenção de objetos no ramo atual %s de um repositório não nu recusada"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "O valor \"%2$s\" da opção \"%1$s\" não é válido em %3$s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Opção \"%s\" ignorada em %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Não sei como obter de %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "A obter de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível obter de %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Nenhum repositório remoto especificado. Especifique um URL ou\n"
+"o nome remoto a partir do qual as novas revisões devem ser obtidas."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Deve especificar um nome para a tag."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth e --unshallow não podem ser usados juntos"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "usar --unshallow num repositório completo não faz sentido"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all não leva um repositório como argumento"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all não faz sentido com especificadores de referência"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "O remoto ou grupo remoto não existe: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Não faz sentido obter um grupo e especificar uma referência"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <mensagem>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file "
+"<ficheiro>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "povoar o registo com, no máximo, <n> entradas do shortlog"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "alias de --log (obsoleto)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "texto"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "usar <texto> no início da mensagem"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "ficheiro a ler"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<opções>] [<padrão>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points-at <objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<objeto>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<objeto>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr ""
+"envolver os marcadores de posição em aspas de forma adequada para "
+"interpretadores de comandos"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "envolver os marcadores de posição em aspas de forma adequada para perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr ""
+"envolver os marcadores de posição em aspas de forma adequada para python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "envolver os marcadores de posição em aspas de forma adequada para Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas <n> referências correspondidas"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "formato a usar na saída"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas referências que apontem para o objeto fornecido"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas referenciadas integradas"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas referências não integrada"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas referências que contenham o commit"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "A verificar conectividade"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "A verificar diretórios de objetos"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<opções>] [<objeto>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "mostrar objetos inalcançáveis"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "mostrar objetos suspensos"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "mostrar tags"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "mostrar nós raiz"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "considerar objetos do índice como nós cabeça"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "considerar os reflogs como nós cabeça (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "considerar também pacotes e objetos sobressalente"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "verificar só a conetividade"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "ativar verificação mais rigorosa"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "escrever objetos suspensos em .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "mostrar progresso"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "A verificar objetos"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "Inválido %s: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "diretório de objetos demasiado longo %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"A última execução do gc reportou o seguinte.\n"
+"Corrija a origem do problema e remova %s.\n"
+"A limpeza automática não será realizada enquanto o ficheiro existir.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "eliminar ficheiros não referenciados"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "ser mais minucioso (aumenta o tempo de execução)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "ativar modo auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "forçar a execução do gc mesmo que haja outro gc a executar"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"A autocompactar o repositório em segundo plano para obter um melhor "
+"desempenho.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "A autocompactar o repositório para obter um melhor desempenho.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Consulte \"git help gc\" para ler sobre manutenção manual.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc já a executar na máquina '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force se não for o "
+"caso)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Existem demasiados objeto soltos inalcançáveis; execute 'git prune' para os "
+"remover."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<opções>] [-e] <padrão> [<rev>...] [[--] <caminho>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: falha ao criar thread: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "o número de threads especificado em %2$s é inválido (%1$d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler a árvore (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível efetuar grep de objetos do tipo %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "a opção '%c' espera um valor numérico"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível abrir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "procurar no índice em vez de procurar na árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "procurar em conteúdos não geridos pelo git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "procurar em ficheiros controlados e não controlados"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "ignorar ficheiros especificados via '.gitignore'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "mostrar linhas não correspondidas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "não diferenciar maiúsculas de minúsculas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "corresponder padrões apenas a palavras"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "processar ficheiros binários como texto"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "ignorar ficheiros binários"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "processar ficheiros binários com filtros textconv"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "descer no máximo até <profundidade>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "usar expressões regulares estendidas do POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "usar expressões regulares básicas do POSIX (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "interpretar padrões como cadeias de caracteres fixas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "usar expressões regulares compatíveis com Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "mostrar números de linha"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "não mostrar nomes de ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "mostrar nomes de ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "mostrar nomes de ficheiro relativamente ao diretório superior"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas nomes de ficheiro em vez de linhas correspondidas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "sinónimo de --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas nomes de ficheiro sem correspondência"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "imprimir NUL depois dos nomes de ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "mostrar o número de correspondências em vez das linha correspondidas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "realçar correspondências"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+"imprimir uma linha em branco entre correspondências de diferentes ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"mostrar só uma vez o nome do ficheiro acima das correspondências dentro do "
+"mesmo ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "mostrar <n> linhas de contexto antes e depois das correspondências"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "mostrar <n> linhas de contexto antes das correspondências"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "mostrar <n> linhas de contexto depois das correspondências"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "usar <n> threads de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "atalho para -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "mostrar uma linha com o nome da função antes das correspondências"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "mostrar a função circundante"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "ler padrões do ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "procurar <padrão>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "combinar padrões especificados com -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "indicar padrão encontrado no valor de saída, mas não imprimir"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"mostrar apenas correspondências de ficheiro que tenham todos os padrões"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "mostrar árvore de analise da expressões grep"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "paginador"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "mostrar ficheiros com correspondências no paginador"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "permitir invocar grep(1) (ignorado nesta compilação)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "nenhum padrão fornecido."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "número de threads especificado inválido (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager só funciona na árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached ou --untracked não podem ser usados com --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index ou --untracked não podem ser usados em revisões."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+"--[no-]exclude-standard não podem ser usados em conteúdos não controlados."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "--cached e árvores foram fornecidos simultaneamente."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <tipo>] [-w] [--path=<ficheiro> | --no-filters] [--stdin]"
+" [--] <ficheiro>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "tipo"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "tipo do objeto"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "escrever o objeto na base de dados de objetos"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "ler o objeto da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "guardar o ficheiro tal como está, sem filtros"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"obter hash de lixo aleatório para criar objetos corrompidos para depurar o "
+"Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "processar o ficheiro como se este fosse do caminho indicado"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "imprimir todos os comandos disponíveis"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "imprimir lista de guias úteis"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "mostrar página do manual"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "mostrar o manual no navegador web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "mostrar página info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<comando>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "formato de ajuda não reconhecido '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Falha ao iniciar emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Falha ao analisar a versão do emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "a versão do emacsclient '%d' é demasiado antiga (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao executar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': caminho para visualizador de manual não suportado.\n"
+"Considere usar 'man.<ferramenta>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': comando de visualizador de manual suportado.\n"
+"Considere usar 'man.<ferramenta>.path'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s': visualizador de manual desconhecido."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "nenhum visualizador de manual atendeu o pedido"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "nenhum visualizador de info atendeu o pedido"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definir atributos por caminho"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Diário Git com mais ou menos 20 Comandos"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Um Glossário do Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr ""
+"Especificar ficheiros não controlados para serem intencionalmente ignorados"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Definir propriedades de submódulos"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Especificar revisões e intervalos do Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Uma introdução ao Git (versão 1.5.1 ou mais recente)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Uma descrição geral dos fluxos de trabalho recomendados para o Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Os guias comuns do Git:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "utilização: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "'git %s' é um alias de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "incompatibilidade de tipo de objeto em %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "o objeto esperado %s não foi recebido"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "objeto %s: tipo esperado %s, obtido %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "não é possível preencher %d byte"
+msgstr[1] "não é possível preencher %d bytes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "fim de ficheiro (EOF) prematuro"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "erro de leitura da entrada"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "foram usados mais bytes dos que estavam disponíveis"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "pacote demasiado grande para a definição atual de off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível abrir o ficheiro de pacote '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "a assinatura do pacote não corresponde"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "versão de pacote %<PRIu32> não suportada"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "pacote com objeto incorreto no offset %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "a descompactação retornou %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "delta de objeto base com capacidade excedida no valor de offset"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "offset da base delta está fora do limite"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "objeto de tipo desconhecido %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "não é possível invocar pread sobre o ficheiro de pacote"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "fim de ficheiro de pacote prematuro, falta %lu byte"
+msgstr[1] "fim de ficheiro de pacote prematuro, faltam %lu bytes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "inconsistência de descompactação grave"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "COLISÃO DE SHA1 COM %s ENCONTRADA!"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "não é possível ler o objeto existente %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "objeto blob inválido %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "inválido %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Erro no objeto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Nem todos os objetos filhos de %s são alcançáveis"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "falha ao aplicar delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "A receber objetos"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "A indexar objetos"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "pacote corrompido (SHA1 não corresponde)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "não é possível invocar fstat sobre o ficheiro de pacote"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "pacote com lixo no final"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "extrema confusão em parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "A resolver deltas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar thread: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "extrema confusão"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "concluído com %d objeto local"
+msgstr[1] "concluído com %d objetos locais"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Soma de verificação inesperada no final de %s (corrupção no disco?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "pacote com %d delta não resolvido"
+msgstr[1] "pacote com %d deltas não resolvidos"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "não é possível compactar objeto acrescentado (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "objeto local %s corrompido"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "erro ao fechar ficheiro de pacote"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível escrever o ficheiro de conservação '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível fechar o ficheiro de conservação '%s' escrito"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "não é possível guardar ficheiro de pacote"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "não é possível guardar o ficheiro índice"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32> incorreto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "sem suporte de threads, %s ignorado"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possível abrir o ficheiro de pacote '%s' existente"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possível abrir o ficheiro de índice do pacote existente de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "%d objeto não delta"
+msgstr[1] "%d objetos não delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "comprimento de cadeia = %d: %lu objeto"
+msgstr[1] "comprimento de cadeia = %d: %lu objetos"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "o nome do ficheiro de pacote '%s' não termina em '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Não é possível voltar ao diretório de trabalho atual"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s incorreto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin não pode ser usado sem --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify sem nome do ficheiro de pacote indicado"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível invocar stat sobre '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível invocar stat sobre o modelo '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível abrir (opendir) '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível ler (readlink) '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível criar a ligação simbólica '%s' '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível copiar '%s' para '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "modelo %s ignorado"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "modelos não encontrados em %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "modelos não copiados de '%s': %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s já existe"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "não foi possível processar o tipo de ficheiro %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível mover %s para %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "Repositório Git %s%s em %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "existente reinicializado"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "vazio inicializado"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " partilhado"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<diretório-modelo>] "
+"[--shared[=<permissões>]] [<diretório>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "permissões"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr ""
+"especificar que o repositório git será partilhado por vários utilizadores"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "não é possível criar o diretório %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "não é possível mudar para o diretório %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (ou --work-tree=<diretório>) não é permitido sem especificar %s (ou --git-"
+"dir=<diretório>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possível aceder à árvore de trabalho '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<valor>])...] [<ficheiro>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "editar ficheiros no local"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "cortar terminadores vazios"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "terminador"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "terminadores a adicionar"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "nenhum ficheiro de entrada fornecido para edição no local"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<opções>] [<intervalo-de-revisões>] [[--] <caminho>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<opções>] <objeto>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "opção --decorate inválida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "suprimir saída do diff"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "mostrar origem"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "usar ficheiro de mapeamento de correio"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "opções de decoração"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "processar intervalo de linhas n,m, a cantar a partir de 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Resultado final: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: ficheiro incorreto"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível ler o objeto %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Tipo desconhecido: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers sem valor"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "o nome do diretório de saída é demasiado longo"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Não é possível abrir o ficheiro de patch %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "É necessário exatamente um intervalo."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Não é um intervalo."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "A carta de apresentação precisa de um formato de e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "in-reply-to incorreto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<opções>] [<desde> | <intervalo-de-revisões>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Dois diretórios de saída?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Commit desconhecido %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Falha ao resolver '%s' numa referência válida."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "Não foi possível encontrar a base exata de integração."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Falha ao obter ramo a montante, se quer gravar o commit base automaticamente,"
+"\n"
+"use branch --set-upstream-to para seguir um ramo remoto.\n"
+"Ou pode especificar o commit base com --base=<base-commit-id> manualmente."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "Falha ao procurar base exata de integração"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "o commit base deve ser o antecessor da lista de revisões"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "o commit base não deve fazer parte da lista de revisões"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "não é possível obter o id do patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "usar [PATCH n/m] mesmo com um único patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "usar [PATCH] mesmo com múltiplos patches"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "imprimir patches para a saída padrão"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "gerar uma carta de apresentação"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr ""
+"usar uma sequência de números simples para denominar os ficheiros gerados"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "usar <sfx> em vez de '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "começar a numerar os patches em <n> em vez de 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "marcar a série como a n-ésima reiteração"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "usar [<prefixo>] em vez de [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "guardar os ficheiros resultantes em <dir>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "não tirar/inserir [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "não gerar diffs binários"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "preencher o cabeçalho From com hash de zeros"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "não incluir um patch que coincida com um commit a montante"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostrar no formato de patch em vez de no formato por omissão (patch + stat)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Mensagem"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "cabeçalho"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "adicionar cabeçalho de e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "adicionar cabeçalho To:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "adicionar cabeçalho Cc:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "identidade"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"definir o endereço From como <identidade> (ou como identidade do committer "
+"se não indicado)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "id-mensagem"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "usar o primeiro email para responder a <id-mensagem>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "limite"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "anexar o patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "incorporar o patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "ativar mensagens por tópicos, estilos: shallow (raso), deep (profundo)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "assinatura"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "adicionar uma assinatura"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "commit-base"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "adicionar informação pré-requisito da árvore à série de patches"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "adicionar uma assinatura de um ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "não imprimir os nomes dos ficheiros de patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n e -k são mutuamente exclusivos."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix e -k são mutuamente exclusivos."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only não faz sentido"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status não faz sentido"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check não faz sentido"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "saída padrão, ou diretório, qual deles?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível criar o diretório '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível ler o ficheiro de assinatura '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Falha ao criar os ficheiros de saída"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<ramo-a-montante> [<head> [<limite>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"O ramo remoto seguido não foi encontrado, especifique <ramo-a-montante> "
+"manualmente.\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<opções>] [<ficheiro>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identificar o estado do ficheiro com tags"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+"usar letras minúsculas para ficheiros 'assumido não alterado' ('assume "
+"unchanged')"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "mostrar ficheiros em cache na saída (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "mostrar ficheiros eliminados na saída"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "mostrar ficheiros modificados na saída"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "mostrar outros ficheiros na saída"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "mostrar ficheiros ignorados na saída"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "mostrar nome de objetos com conteúdo preparado, na saída"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr ""
+"mostrar ficheiros no sistema de ficheiros que precisam de ser removidos"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "mostrar nomes de diretórios 'other' (outro)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "mostrar finais de linha dos ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "não mostrar diretórios vazios"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "mostrar ficheiros não integrados na saída"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "mostrar informação de resolver-desfazer"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "ignorar ficheiros que correspondam ao padrão"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "ler padrões de exclusão do <ficheiro>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "ler padrões de exclusão por diretório do <ficheiro>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "incluir as exclusões standard do git"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "mostrar os caminhos relativamente ao diretório superior do projeto"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "se um <ficheiro> não estiver no índice, tratar como erro"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "árvore-etc"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"fingir que os caminhos removidos desde <árvore-etc> ainda estão presentes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "mostrar dados de depuração"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repositório> [<referências>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "não imprimir URL remoto"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "exec"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "caminho para git-upload-pack no servidor remoto"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "restringir-se a tags"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "restringir-se a cabeças"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "não mostrar tags descascadas"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "ter url.<base>.insteadOf em conta"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr "terminar com código de saída 2 se não forem encontradas referências"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "mostrar a referência subjacente em adição ao objeto por ela apontado"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<opções>] <árvore-etc> [<caminho>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas árvores"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "percorrer as subárvores recursivamente"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "mostrar árvores ao percorrer"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminar entradas com o byte NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "incluir dimensão dos objetos"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "listar apenas os nomes de ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "usar nomes de caminho completos"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostrar a árvore completa; não apenas o diretório atual (implica --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<opções>] [<commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<opções>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "a opção 'm' requer um valor"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Estratégia de integração '%s' não encontrada.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Estratégias disponíveis:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Estratégias personalizadas disponíveis:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "não apresentar um diffstat ao fim da integração"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "mostrar um diffstat ao fim da integração"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(sinónimo de --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"adicionar (no máximo <n>) entradas do shortlog à mensagem de commit da "
+"integração"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "criar um único commit em vez de realizar uma integração"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "realizar um commit se a integração for bem sucedida (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "editar a mensagem antes de submeter"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "permitir avanço rápido (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "abortar se não é possível efetuar avanço rápido"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "verificar se o commit tem uma assinatura GPG válida"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "estratégia"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "estratégia de integração a usar"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "opção=valor"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "opções da estratégia de integração selecionada"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "mensagem de commit (de integração não suscetível a avanço rápido)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "abortar integração em curso"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "permitir integração de históricos não relacionados"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "não foi possível executar o comando stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "falha ao executar o comando stash"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "nome de objeto inválido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "falha ao executar o comando read-tree"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (não há nada para esmagar)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Commit esmagado -- HEAD não atualizada\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível escrever em '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "A escrever SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "A concluir SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Nenhuma mensagem de integração -- HEAD não atualizada\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' não aponta para um commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Valor de branch.%s.mergeoptions incorreto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Não se processa outra coisa senão incorporação de duas cabeças."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Opção desconhecida de merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível escrever %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível ler '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Commit de integração não realizado; use 'git commit' para concluir a "
+"integração.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Introduza uma mensagem de commit, explicando por que esta integração é "
+"necessário,\n"
+"sobretudo se incorpora um ramo a montante atualizado, num ramo tópico.\n"
+"\n"
+"Linhas começadas com '%c' são ignoradas e uma mensagem vazia\n"
+"aborta o commit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Mensagem de commit vazia."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Maravilhoso.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Falha ao realizar integração automática; corrija os conflitos e submeta o "
+"resultado.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' não é um commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Nenhum ramo atual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Não há um remoto para o ramo atual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Não está definido nenhum ramo a montante para o ramo atual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Nenhum ramo de monitorização remoto seguido por %s de %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível fechar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Não há nenhuma integração para se abortar (MERGE_HEAD não presente)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Não concluiu a integração (MERGE_HEAD presente).\n"
+"Submeta as suas alterações antes de integrar."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick não concluído (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD presente).\n"
+"Submeta as suas alterações antes de integrar."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Cherry-pick não concluído (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD presente)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Não é possível combinar --squash e --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Nenhum commit especificado e merge.defaultToUpstream não definido."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Esmagar um commit numa cabeça vazia ainda não é suportado"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Não faz sentido submeter de modo não suscetível a avanço rápido, numa cabeça "
+"vazia"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - não é algo se possa integrar"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Só se pode integrar exatamente um commit numa cabeça vazia"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"A assinatura GPG do commit %s, alegadamente assinada por %s, não é de "
+"confiança."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"A assinatura GPG do commit %s, alegadamente assinada por %s, está incorreta."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "O commit %s não tem uma assinatura GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "A assinatura GPG do commit %s por %s está correta\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "integração de históricos não relacionados recusada"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "A atualizar %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "A tentar integração mesmo trivial no interior do índice...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Não.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Não é possível avançar rapidamente, a abortar."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "A recuar a árvore ao seu estado original...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "A tentar a estratégia de integração %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Nenhuma estratégia de integração conseguiu processar a integração.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Falha ao integrar com a estratégia %s.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "A usar %s para preparar resolução manual.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"A integração automática foi bem sucedida; interrompida antes de submeter "
+"como solicitado\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <referência> [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "mostrar todos os antecessores"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "encontrar antecessores de uma única integração com n pontos"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "listar revisões não alcançáveis a partir de outras"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "o primeiro é antecessor do segundo?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"descobrir onde foi que o <commit> divergiu usando o reflog da <referência>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<opções>] [-L <nome1> [-L <orig> [-L <nome2>]]] <ficheiro1> "
+"<ficheiro-orig> <ficheiro2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "enviar resultados para a saída padrão"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "usar integração baseada em diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "usar a nossa versão em caso de conflito"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "usar a versão deles em caso de conflito"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "usar a união das versões em caso de conflito"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "usar este comprimento de marcador para os conflitos"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "não alertar sobre conflitos"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "definir identificares para ficheiro1/ficheiro-orig/ficheiro2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "a entrada termina com NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "permitir objetos não presentes"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "permitir a criação de mais do que uma árvore"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<opções>] <origem>... <destino>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "O diretório %s está no índice mas não em nenhum submódulo?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Prepare as suas alterações em .gitmodules ou empilhe-as (stash) para "
+"prosseguir"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s está no índice"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "forçar mover/mudar o nome mesmo que o destino exista"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "ignorar erros ao mover/mudar o nome"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "o destino '%s' não é um diretório"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "A verificar a mudança de nome de '%s' para '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "origem incorreta"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "não é possível mover um diretório para dentro de si próprio"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "não é possível mover um diretório para um ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "o diretório de origem está vazio"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "não está no controlo de versões"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "o destino já existe"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "a substituir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Não é possível substituir"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "múltiplas origens para o mesmo destino"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "o diretório de destino não existe"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, origem=%s, destino=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "A mudar de nome de %s para %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "falha ao mudar o nome de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opções>] <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opções>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opções>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas nomes (sem SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "usar apenas tags para designar commits"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "usar apenas referência que correspondam ao <padrão>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "listar todos os commits alcançáveis a partir de todas as referências"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "ler da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "permitir imprimir nomes 'indefinidos' (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "desreferenciar tags na entrada (uso interno)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<objeto>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F "
+"<ficheiro> | (-c | -C) <objeto>] [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <de-objeto> <para-objeto>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F "
+"<ficheiro> | (-c | -C) <objeto>] [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <estratégia>] <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<objeto>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<objeto>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<opções>] [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<opções>] <de-objeto> <para-objeto>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<de-objeto> <para-objeto>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<opções>] [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<opções>] <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objeto>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível iniciar o comando 'show' sobre o objeto '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler a saída do comando 'show'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao concluir o comando 'show' sobre o objeto '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar o ficheiro '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Forneça o conteúdo da nota usando a opção -m ou -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "não é possível escrever o objeto de nota"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "O conteúdo da nota foi guardado em %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível ler '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir ou ler '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Falha ao ler o objeto '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "Não é possível ler os dados da nota de um objeto não-blob '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "demasiados parâmetros"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "A nota do objeto %s não foi encontrada."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "conteúdo da nota sob a forma de cadeia de caracteres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "conteúdo da nota de um ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "reutilizar e editar o objeto de nota especificado"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "reutilizar o objeto de nota especificado"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "permitir guardar uma nota vazia"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "substituir notas existentes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível adicionar notas. Notas do objeto %s encontradas. Use '-f' "
+"para substituí-las."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "A substituir as notas existentes do objeto %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "A remover a nota do objeto %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "ler objetos da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "carregar configuração de reescrita do <comando> (implica --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "parâmetros insuficientes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível copiar notas. Notas do objeto %s encontradas. Use '-f' para "
+"substituí-las."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Não existem notas no objeto de origem %s. Não é possível copiar."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"As opções -m/-F/-c/-C são obsoletas no subcomando 'edit'.\n"
+"Use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' em seu lugar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Opções gerais"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Opções de integração"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"resolver conflitos nas notas usando a estratégia indicada "
+"(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "A submeter notas não integradas"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "concluir integração de notas, submetendo notas não integradas"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "A abortar resolução de integração das notas"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "abortar integração das notas"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "Uma integração das notas em %s já está em curso em %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "O objeto %s não tem nenhuma nota\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "não considerar como erro a remoção de uma nota não existente"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "ler nome dos objetos da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "notes-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "usar notas de <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Subcomando desconhecido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<opções>...] [< <lista-referências> | < <lista-"
+"objetos>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [<opções>...] <nome-base> [< <lista-referências> | < <lista-"
+"objetos>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "erro ao compactar (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr ""
+"a desativar escrita de mapa de bits, os pacotes são divididos devido a "
+"pack.packSizeLimit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "A escrever objetos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"a desativar escrita de mapa de bits, visto que alguns objetos não estão a "
+"ser compactados"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "A comprimir objetos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "versão de índice %s não suportada"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "versão de índice '%s' incorreta"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "não mostrar medidor de progresso"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "mostrar medidor de progresso"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "mostrar medidor de progresso durante a fase de escrita de objetos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "semelhante a --all-progress quando o medidor de progresso é mostrado"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "versão[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"escrever o ficheiro de índice do pacote na versão de formato especificada"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "tamanho máximo de cada ficheiro de pacote gerado"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignorar objetos emprestados do arquivo de objetos sobressalentes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignorar objetos compactados"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "limitar a janela de compactação por objetos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"limitar a janela de compactação por memória em adição ao limite por objetos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "tamanho máximo de cadeias delta permitidas no pacote resultante"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "reutilizar deltas existentes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "reutilizar objetos existentes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "usar objetos OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "usar threads ao procurar pela melhor correspondência delta"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "não criar um pacote vazio"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "ler argumentos de revisão da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "restringir-se aos objetos que ainda não foram compactados"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "incluir objetos alcançáveis a partir de qualquer referência"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "incluir objetos referenciados por entradas do reflog"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "incluir objetos referenciados pelo índice"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "gerar pacote para a saída padrão"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "incluir objetos tag que refiram objetos a compactar"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "manter objetos inalcançáveis"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "hora"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "descompactar objetos inalcançáveis mais recentes que <hora>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "criar pacotes finos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "criar pacotes adequados para obter em repositórios pouco profundos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignorar pacotes que tenham um ficheiro .keep"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "nível de compactação do pacote"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "não esconder commits introduzidos por enxertos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"usar um índice de mapa de bits se disponível, para acelerar a contagem de "
+"objetos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "escrever um índice de mapa de bits juntamente com o índice do pacote"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "A contar objetos"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "compactar tudo"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "eliminar referências soltas (predefinição)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "A remover objetos duplicados"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <hora>] [--] [<head>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "não remover, mostrar apenas"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "apresentar objetos eliminados"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "expirar objetos mais antigos que <hora>"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "não é possível limpar num repositório de objetos-preciosos"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [<opções>] [<repositório> [<especificador-de-referência>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "Opções relativas a integração"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "incorporar alterações por rebase em vez de integrar"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "permitir avanço rápido"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "verificar se o commit tem uma assinatura GPG válida"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "empilhar/desempilhar automaticamente antes de depois de rebase"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "Opções relacionadas com obtenção de objetos"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "número de submódulos puxados em paralelo"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "Valor inválido de pull.ff: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr "Não é possível puxar com rebase: tem alterações não preparadas."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "Além disso, o índice contém alterações não submetidas."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível puxar com rebase: o índice contém alterações não submetidas."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Não há nenhum candidato com o qual realizar rebase de entre as referências "
+"que se acabaram de obter."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Não há nenhum candidato com o qual integrar de entre as referências que se "
+"acabaram obter."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+"Geralmente, significa que forneceu um especificador de referência\n"
+"com um carácter universal (wildcard) que não corresponde a nenhum remoto."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"Solicitou puxar o remoto '%s', mas não especificou um ramo.\n"
+"Uma vez que este não é o remoto configurado por predefinição\n"
+"do ramo atual, deve especificar um ramo na linha de comandos."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "Não se encontra em nenhum ramo de momento."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "Especifique o ramo sobre o qual pretende realizar rebase."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "Especifique o ramo com o qual pretende integrar."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "Consulte git-pull(1) para obter mais detalhes."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "<remoto>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "<ramo>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "O ramo atual não segue nenhum ramo."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Se deseja definir o ramo que deve ser seguido por este ramo, pode fazê-lo "
+"com:"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"A configuração indica para integrar com a referência '%s'\n"
+"do remoto, mas aquela referência não foi obtida."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "a opção --[no-]autostash só é válida com --rebase."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr ""
+"A atualizar um ramo que ainda não foi criado e com alterações adicionadas ao "
+"índice."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"o fetch atualizou a cabeça do ramo atual.\n"
+"a avançar a árvore de trabalho a partir do\n"
+"commit %s."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível avançar rapidamente a árvore de trabalho.\n"
+"Depois de guardar todas as alterações importantes indicadas por\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"execute\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"para recuperar."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "Não é possível integrar múltiplos ramos numa cabeça vazia."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "Não é possível efetuar rebase sobre múltiplos ramos."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<opções>] [<repositório> [<especificador-de-referência>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "forma abreviada de tag sem <tag>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete só aceita nomes simples como referências de destino"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Para escolher uma opção permanentemente, consulte push.default em 'git help "
+"config'."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"O ramo a montante do ramo atual não coincide com o nome do ramo atual.\n"
+"Para publicar no ramo a montante no remoto, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Para publicar no ramo com o mesmo nome no remoto, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Não se encontra em nenhum ramo neste momento.\n"
+"Para publicar o histórico que conduziu ao estado atual (de HEAD\n"
+"destacada), use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"O ramo atual %s não tem nenhum ramo a montante.\n"
+"Para publicar o ramo atual e definir o remoto a montante, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "O ramo atual %s tem múltiplos ramos a montante, publicação recusada."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"O remoto '%s', no qual pretende publicar, não é o remoto a montante\n"
+"do ramo atual '%s'. Deve indicar o que pretende publicar e que ramo\n"
+"remoto atualizar."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Não indicou nenhum especificador de referência para publicar e o valor de "
+"push.default é \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"As atualizações foram rejeitadas porque a ponta do ramo atual está atrasada\n"
+"em relação ao homólogo remoto. Integre as alterações remotas (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') antes de publicar de novo.\n"
+"Consulte 'Note about fast-forwards' em 'git push --help' para obter detalhes."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"As atualizações foram rejeitadas porque a ponta do ramo atual está atrasada\n"
+"em relação ao homólogo remoto. Extraia o ramo e integre\n"
+"as alterações remotas (e.g. 'git pull ...') antes de publicar de novo.\n"
+"Consulte 'Note about fast-forwards' em 'git push --help' para obter detalhes."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"As atualizações foram rejeitadas porque o remoto contém alterações que\n"
+"não tem localmente. Habitualmente, acontece porque outro repositório "
+"publicou\n"
+"na mesma referência. Pode integrar primeiro as alterações remotas\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') antes de publicar de novo.\n"
+"Consulte 'Note about fast-forwards' em 'git push --help' para obter detalhes."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "As atualizações foram rejeitadas porque a tag já existe no remoto."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Não é possível atualizar uma referência remota que aponte para um\n"
+"objeto não commit, ou atualizar uma referência remota fazendo-a\n"
+"apontar para um objeto não commit, sem usar a opção '--force'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "A publicar em %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao publicar algumas referências em '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "repositório '%s' incorreto"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Destino de publicação não definido.\n"
+"Indique um URL na linha de comandos ou configure um repositório remoto "
+"usando\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <nome> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"e publique usando o nome remoto\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <nome>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all e --tags são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all não pode ser combinado com especificadores de referências"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror e --tags são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror não pode ser combinado com especificadores de referências"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all e --mirror são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "repositório"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "publicar todas as referências"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "replicar todas as referências"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "eliminar referências"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "publicar tags (não pode ser usado com --all ou --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "forçar atualização"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "nome da referência>:<esperado"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "exigir que o antigo valor da referência tenha este valor"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "controlar a publicação recursiva de submódulos"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "usar pacote fino"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "programa receive pack"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "definir o ramo a montante usado com git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "eliminar referências removidas localmente"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "ignorar pre-push hook"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "publicar tags perdidas mas relevantes"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "assinar publicação com GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "solicitar transação atómica no servidor remoto"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete é incompatível com --all, --mirror e --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete não faz sentido sem uma referência"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefixo>)"
+" [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] "
+"[--index-output=<ficheiro>] (--empty | <árvore-etc1> [<árvore-etc2> [<árvore-"
+"etc3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "escrever o índice resultante no <ficheiro>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "apenas esvaziar o índice"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "A integrar"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "realizar uma integração em adição a uma leitura"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+"integrar com 3 pontos se a integração ao nível de ficheiros não for "
+"necessária"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "integrar com 3 ponto na presença de adições e remoções"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "o mesmo que -m, mas descartar entradas não integradas"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<subdiretório>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "ler a árvore em <subdiretório>/ para o índice"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "atualizar a árvore de trabalho com os resultados da integração"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "permitir que os ficheiros explicitamente ignorados sejam substituídos"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "não verificar a árvore de trabalho depois de integrar"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "não atualizar o índice ou a árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "ignorar a aplicação do filtro de extração esparsa"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "depurar unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "silencioso"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "Deve especificar um diretório."
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' em '%s' não é um carimbo de data/hora válido"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' não é um carimbo de data/hora válido"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <ramo>] [-m <mestre>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] "
+"[--mirror=<fetch|push>] <nome> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <antigo> <novo>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <nome>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <nome> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <ramo>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <nome>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <nome>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<grupo> | <remoto>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <nome> <ramo>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <nome>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <nome> <novo-url> [<url-antigo>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <nome> <novo-url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <nome> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<opções>] <nome> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <nome> <ramo>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <nome> <ramo>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<opções>] <nome>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<opções>] <nome>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<opções>] [<grupo> | <remoto>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "A atualizar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror é perigoso e obsoleto;\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch ou --mirror=push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "argumento de mirror desconhecido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "obter os ramos remotos"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "importar todas as tags e objetos associados ao obter"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "ou não obter nenhuma tag (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "ramos a seguir"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "ramo mestre"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "configurar o remoto como um espelho para publicar ou obter"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "especificar um ramo mestre não faz sentido com --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "especificar ramos para seguir só faz sentido com fetch mirrors"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "o remoto %s já existe."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' não é um nome de remoto válido"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível configuração o ramo mestre '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Não foi possível obter o mapa de fetch do especificador de referência %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(correspondente)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(eliminado)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Remoto inexistente: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Não foi possível mudar o nome da secção de configuração de '%s' para '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"O seguinte especificador de referência, não-predefinido e usado para obter "
+"objetos, não foi atualizado\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tAtualize a configuração manualmente se necessário."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "falha ao eliminar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "falha ao criar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nota: Um ramo fora da hierarquia refs/remotes/ não foi removido;\n"
+"para o remover, use:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Nota: alguns ramos fora da hierarquia refs/remotes/ não foram removidos;\n"
+"para os remover, use:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível remover a secção de configuração '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " novo (os próxima objetos obtidos serão guardados em remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " seguido"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " obsoleto (use 'git remote prune' para remover)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr ""
+"branch.%s.merge inválido; não é possível realizar rebase sobre mais do que "
+"um ramo"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "realiza rebase interativo sobre %s do remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " integra com %s do remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    e com o remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "integra com %s do remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   e com o remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "criado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "eliminado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "atualizado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "pode ser avançado rapidamente"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "local desatualizado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s força em %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s publica em %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s força em %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s publica em %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "não consultar remotos"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* remoto %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Obter    do URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(nenhum URL)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Publicar no URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Ramo HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  Ramo HEAD (o remoto HEAD é ambíguo, pode ser um dos seguintes):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Ramo remoto:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Ramos remotos:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (estado não consultado)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Ramo local configurado para 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Ramos locais configurados para 'git pull':"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Referências locais serão refletidas (mirror) por 'git push'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Referência local configurada para 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Referências locais configuradas para 'git push'%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "definir refs/remotes/<nome>/HEAD de acordo com o remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "eliminar refs/remotes/<nome>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Não é possível determinar o remoto HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "Múltiplos ramos HEAD remotos. Escolha um explicitamente com:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível eliminar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Referência inválida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível configurar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s ficará suspenso!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s ficou suspenso!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "A eliminar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [eliminaria] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [eliminado] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "eliminar remotos depois de obter"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Remoto inexistente '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "adicionar ramo"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "nenhum remoto especificado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "consultar URLs de publicação em vez de URLs utilizados para obter"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "retornar todos os URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "o remoto '%s' não tem nenhum URL configurado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipular URLs de publicação"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "adicionar URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "eliminar URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete não faz sentido"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Padrão de URL antigo inválido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "URL não encontrado: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Não é possível remover todos os URLs de não publicação"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "ser verboso; deve ser colocado antes de um subcomando"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "compactar tudo num único pacote"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "o mesmo que -a, e soltar objetos inalcançáveis"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "remover pacotes redundantes e executar git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passar --no-reuse-delta ao git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passar --no-reuse-object ao git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "não executar git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passar --local ao git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "escrever índice de mapa de bits"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "aproximar"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "com -A, não soltar mais objetos além destes"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "dimensão da janela usada em compressão de deltas"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "bytes"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"o mesmo que o anterior, mas limitar a memória usada em vez do número de "
+"entradas"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "limitar a profundidade máxima de delta"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "tamanho máximo de cada ficheiro de pacote"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "reempacotar objetos em pacotes marcados com .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "não é possível eliminar pacotes num repositório de objetos-preciosos"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "falha ao remover '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objeto> <substituição>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <objeto>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<pai>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objeto>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<formato>] [-l [<padrão>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nome de objeto inválido: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "mergetag incorreta no commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "mergetag malformada no commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"o commit original '%s' contém a mergetag '%s' que foi excluída; use --edit "
+"em vez de --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "o commit original '%s' tem uma assinatura gpg."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "a assinatura será removida do commit suplente!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível escrever o commit suplente de: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "listar referências substituídas"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "eliminar referências substituídas"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "editar objeto existente"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "mudar os pais de um commit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "substituir a referência se esta existir"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "não mostrar o conteúdo de --edit com impressão bonita"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "usar este formato"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr ""
+"git rerere [clear | forget <caminho>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "registar resoluções limpas no índice"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <árvore-etc> [--] <caminhos>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<árvore-etc>] [--] [<caminhos>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "misturado"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "suave"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "forte"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "merge"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "conservador"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "HEAD inválida."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Falha ao procurar árvore de HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Falha ao procurar árvore de %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD está agora em %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Não é possível repor de modo %s durante uma integração."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "silencioso, só reportar erros"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "repor HEAD e índice"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "repor HEAD apenas"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "repor HEAD, índice e árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "repor HEAD mas conservar alterações locais"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "registar apenas o facto de que os caminhos removidos serão adicionados"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Falha ao resolver '%s' como referência válida."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Falha ao resolver '%s' como árvore válida."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch é incompatível com --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed acompanhado com caminhos é obsoleto; use 'git reset -- <caminhos>'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Não é possível repor de modo %s com caminhos."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "Não é permitido repor de modo %s num repositório nu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N só pode ser usado com --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Alterações não preparadas depois de repor:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Não foi possível repor o ficheiro índice para a revisão '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Não foi possível escrever novo ficheiro de índice."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "rev-list não suporta apresentação de notas"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<opções>] -- [<argumentos>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "conservar '--' passado como argumento"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "parar de analisar depois do primeiro argumento que não seja uma opção"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "mostrar em formato fixo e longo"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<opções>] -- [<argumentos>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<argumentos>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<opções>] [<argumentos>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Execute \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" para obter mais informação sobre a "
+"primeira utilização."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<opções>] <commit-etc>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <subcommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<opções>] <commit-etc>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <subcommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s não pode ser usado com %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "terminar reversão ou cherry-pick"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "retomar a reversão ou cherry-pick"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "cancelar reversão ou cherry-pick"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "não submeter automaticamente"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "editar a mensagem de commit"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "número de pai"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "estratégia de integração"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "opção"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "opção de estratégia de integração"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "acrescentar nome do commit"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "preservar commits inicialmente vazios"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "permitir commits com mensagens vazias"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "manter commits redundantes e vazios"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "erro do programa"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "falha ao reverter"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "falha ao efetuar cherry-pick"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<opções>] [--] <ficheiro>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"o submódulo seguinte (ou um dos seus submódulos aninhados)\n"
+"usa um diretório .git:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"os submódulos seguintes (ou um dos seus submódulos)\n"
+"usam um diretório .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' se pretende mesmo removê-lo, incluindo todo o seu histórico)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"o seguinte ficheiro tem conteúdo preparado no índice diferente\n"
+"do conteúdo no ficheiro e em HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"os seguintes ficheiros têm conteúdo preparado no índice diferente\n"
+"do conteúdo no ficheiro e em HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f para forçar remoção)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "o seguinte ficheiro contém alterações preparadas no índice:"
+msgstr[1] "os seguintes ficheiros contêm alterações preparadas no índice:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached para manter o ficheiro, ou -f para forçar remoção)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "o seguinte ficheiro contém alterações locais:"
+msgstr[1] "os seguintes ficheiros contêm alterações locais:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "não listar ficheiros removidos"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "remover apenas do índice"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "ignorar verificação de atualização"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "permitir remoção recursiva"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "sair com valor zero mesmo quando não há correspondência"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "não remover '%s' recursivamente sem -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: não é possível remover %s"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<diretório> "
+"[<referência>...]\n"
+"  --all e especificação explicita duma <referência> são mutuamente "
+"exclusivos."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "nome do remoto"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "use protocolo RPC sem estado"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "ler referências do stdin"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "imprimir estado do programa auxiliar remoto"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<opções>] [<intervalo-de-revisões>] [[--] [<caminho>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "ordenar saída de acordo com o número de commits por autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "suprimir a descrição dos commits, fornecer apenas o número de commits"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Mostrar o endereço de e-mail de cada autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "ajustar linhas"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<revisão> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<referência>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "mostrar os ramos de monitorização remotos e os ramos locais"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "mostrar os ramos de monitorização remotos"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "colorir '*!+-' correspondendo ao ramo"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "mostrar mais <n> commits depois do antecessor comum"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "sinónimo de more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "suprimir a cadeias de caracteres de nomes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "incluir o ramo atual"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "designar commits pelos seus nomes de objeto"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "mostrar possíveis bases de integração"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "mostrar referências inalcançáveis a partir de outras referências"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "mostrar commits em ordem topológica"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas commits não presentes no primeiro ramo"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "mostrar integrações alcançáveis a partir duma única ponta"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr ""
+"ordenar topologicamente, mantendo a ordenação por data sempre que possível"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "mostrar as <n> entradas de ref-log mais recente a partir da base"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | "
+"--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<padrão>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<padrão>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas tags (pode ser combinado com heads)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas cabeças (pode ser combinado com tags)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"verificação de referências mais rigorosa, requer o caminho exato da "
+"referência"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "mostrar a referência HEAD, mesmo que fosse filtrada"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "desreferenciar tags em IDs de objeto"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "mostrar hash SHA1 com <n> digitos"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "não imprimir resultados para o stdout (útil com --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "mostrar referências do stdin que não estão no repositório local"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorar e remover todas as linhas começadas com um carácter de comentário"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "preceder cada linha com um carácter de comentário e um espaço"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "Referência inexistente: %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "Esperava-se um nome completo de uma referência, obteve-se %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível tirar um componente do URL '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "âncora alternativa para caminhos relativos"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<caminho>] [<caminho>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Nenhum URL encontrado para o caminho de submódulo '%s' em .gitmodules"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Falha ao registar o URL do caminho de submódulo '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Submódulo '%s' (%s) registado com caminho '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "aviso: modo de atualização do comando sugerido para o submódulo '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Falha ao registar o modo de atualização do caminho de submódulo '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "Suprimir a saída ao inicializar um submódulo"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper init [<caminho>]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name <caminho>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"nenhum mapeamento de submódulo do caminho '%s' encontrado em .gitmodules"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "sítio para aonde o novo submódulo será clonado"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "nome do novo submódulo"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "url donde clonar o submódulos"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "profundidade de clones rasos"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<caminho>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repositório>] [--name <nome>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <caminho>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar o diretório '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "falha ao clonar '%s' no caminho de submódulo '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possível abrir o ficheiro '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "não é possível fechar o ficheiro %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível obter o diretório do submódulo de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "Caminho de submódulo '%s' não inicializado"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "Pretendia usar 'update --init'?"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "A ignorar submódulo %s não integrado"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "A ignorar submódulo '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "caminho para a árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr ""
+"caminho para a árvore de trabalho, atravessando limites de submódulos "
+"aninhados"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr "rebase, merge, checkout ou none"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr "criar um clone raso, truncado ao número especificado de revisões"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "trabalhos em paralelo"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "não imprimir progresso da clonagem"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<caminho>] [<caminho>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "valor incorreto no parâmetro update"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "o subcomando submodule--helper deve ser invocado com um subcomando"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "'%s' não é um subcomando válido de submodule--helper"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<opções>] <nome> [<referência>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <nome>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"suprimir mensagens de erro sobre referências não-simbólicas (destacadas)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "eliminar referências simbólicas"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "encurtar a apresentação de referências"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "razão"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "razão da atualização"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <id-chave>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <ficheiro>] <nome-da-"
+"tag> [<head>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <nome-da-tag>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <objeto>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<formato>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<padrão>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <nome-da-tag>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "o nome da tag é demasiado longo: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "tag '%s' não encontrada."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' eliminada (era %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Escreva a mensagem da tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Linha começadas com '%c' serão ignoradas.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Escreva a mensagem da tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Linhas começadas com '%c' serão mantidas; pode removê-las se o desejar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "não foi possível assinar a tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "não foi possível escrever o ficheiro da tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "tipo de objeto incorreto."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "cabeçalho da tag demasiado longo."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "sem mensagem de tag?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "A mensagem da tag foi guardada em %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "listar os nomes das tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "imprimir <n> linhas de cada mensagem de tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "eliminar tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "verificar tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Opções de criação de tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "tag anotada, é necessário uma mensagem"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "mensagem da tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "tag anotada e assinada com GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "usar outra chave para assinar a tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "substituir a tag se esta existir"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "criar um reflog"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Opções de listagem de tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "mostrar a lista de tags em colunas"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas tags que contenham o commit"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas as tags que foram integradas"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas as tags que não foram integradas"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "imprimir apenas as tags do objeto"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column e -n são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "a opção -n só é permitida com -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "a opção --contains só é permitida com -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "a opção --points-at só é permitida com -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "as opções --merged e --no-merged só são permitidas com -l"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "só é permitido um opção -F ou -m."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "demasiado parâmetros"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' não é um nome de tag válido."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "a tag '%s' já existe"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' atualizada (era %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "A descompactar objetos"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "falha ao criar o diretório %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "falha ao invocar stat de %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "falha ao criar o ficheiro %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "falha ao eliminar o ficheiro %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "falha ao eliminar o diretório %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "A testar mtime em '%s' "
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr ""
+"a informação de stat do diretório não mudou depois de adicionar um novo "
+"ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+"a informação de stat do diretório não mudou depois de adicionar um novo "
+"diretório"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr "a informação de stat mudou depois de atualizar um ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr ""
+"a informação de stat do diretório mudou depois de adicionar um ficheiro "
+"dentro dum subdiretório"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr ""
+"a informação de stat do diretório não mudou depois de eliminar um ficheiro"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr ""
+"a informação de stat do diretório não mudou depois de eliminar um diretório"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " OK"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<opções>] [--] [<ficheiro>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "continuar a refrescar mesmo quando o índice precise de ser atualizado"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "refrescar: ignorar submódulos"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "não ignorar novos ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "deixar que os ficheiros substituam os diretórios e vice-versa"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "avisar sobre ficheiros que faltem na árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "refrescar mesmo que o índice contenha entradas não integradas"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "refrescar informação de stat"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "como --refresh, mas ignorar a definição assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<modo>,<objeto>,<caminho>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "adicionar o elemento especificado ao índice"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "substituir o bit executável dos ficheiros listados"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "marcar ficheiros como \"não alterados\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "limpar o bit assumed-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "marcar ficheiros como \"únicos do índice\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "limpar o bit ignorar-árvore-de-trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"só adicionar ao índice; não adicionar o conteúdo à base de dados de objetos"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"remover os caminhos mencionado mesmo se estiverem presentes na árvore de "
+"trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "com --stdin: as linhas da entrada são terminadas com bytes nulos"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "ler lista de caminho a atualizar da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "adicionar elementos da entrada padrão ao índice"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "repovoar as fases nº2 e nº3 dos caminhos listados"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "atualizar apenas elementos que difiram de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignorar ficheiros não presentes na árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "mostrar ações na saída padrão"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+"(para porcelanas) esquecer conflitos guardados que não foram resolvidos"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "escrever o índice neste formato"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "ativar ou desativar a divisão do índice"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "ativar ou desativar cache não controlada"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "testar se o sistema de ficheiros suporta cache não controlada"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr "ativar cache não controlada sem testar o sistema de ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "A cache não controlada está desativada"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "A cache não controlada de '%s' foi ativada."
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<opções>] -d <nome-da-referência> [<valor-antigo>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git update-ref [<opções>]    <nome-da-referência> <novo-valor> [<valor-"
+"antigo>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<opções>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "eliminar a referência"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr ""
+"atualizar a referência <nome-da-referência>, e não a referência aponta por "
+"esta"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "os argumentos da entrada padrão terminam em NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "ler atualizações da entrada padrão"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "atualizar os ficheiros de informação do zero"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "imprimir conteúdo do commit"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "imprimir informação do gpg em bruto"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "verboso"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "mostrar apenas estatísticas"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "imprimir conteúdo da tag"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<opções>] <caminho> [<ramo>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [<opções>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "A remover worktrees/%s: diretório inválido"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "A remover worktrees/%s: o ficheiro gitdir não existe"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr "A remover worktrees/%s: não é possível ler o ficheiro gitdir (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "A remover worktrees/%s: ficheiro gitdir inválido"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr ""
+"A remover worktrees/%s: o ficheiro gitdir aponta para uma localização "
+"inexistente"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "falha ao remover '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "'%s' já existe"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "não foi possível criar o diretório de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "A preparar %s (identificador %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"extrair o <ramo> mesmo se já tenha sido extraído noutra árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "criar um novo ramo"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "criar ou repor um ramo"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "destacar HEAD no commit indicado"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "povoar a nova árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B e --detach são mutuamente exclusivos"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefixo>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<prefixo>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "escrever objeto árvore do subdiretório <prefixo>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "apenas útil para depuração"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "imprimir mensagens de depuração no stderr"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' e 'git help -g' listam os subcomandos disponíveis e alguns\n"
+"guias de conceitos. Consulte 'git help <comando>' ou 'git help <conceito>'\n"
+"para ler sobre um subcomando ou conceito específico."
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "Não é suportado afixar chaves públicas com cURL < 7.44.0"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "iniciar uma área de trabalho (consulte também: git help tutorial)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "trabalhar na alteração atual (consulte também: git help everyday)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "examinar o histórico e estado (consulte também: git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "aumentar, marcar e ajustar o seu histórico comum"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "colaborar (consulte também: git help workflows)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Adicionar conteúdos de ficheiros ao índice"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Use procura binário para encontrar o commit que introduziu um bug"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Listar, criar ou eliminar ramos"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "Mudar de ramos ou restaurar os ficheiros da árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Clonar um repositório num novo diretório"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Gravar alterações no repositório"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Mostrar alterações entre commits, entre commit e árvore de trabalho, etc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Transferir objetos e referências doutro repositório"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Imprimir linhas que correspondam a um padrão"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Criar um repositório Git vazio ou reinicializar um já existente"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Mostrar histórico de commits"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Juntar duas ou mais histórias de desenvolvimento numa só"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Mover ou mudar o nome de um ficheiro, diretório ou ligação simbólica"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Obter e integrar com outro repositório ou outro ramo local"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Atualizar referências remotas juntamente com objetos associados"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "Reaplicar commits no topo de outra base"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Repor a HEAD atual no estado especificado"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Remover ficheiros da árvore de trabalho e do índice"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Mostrar vários tipos objetos"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Mostrar o estado da árvores de trabalho"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Criar, listar, eliminar ou verificar um objeto tag assinado com GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "data-de-validade"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "sem-ação (retrocompatibilidade)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "ser mais verboso"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "ser mais silencioso"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "usar <n> dígitos para mostrar SHA-1s"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"atualizar o índice com resoluções de conflitos reutilizadas se possível"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Deve começar por executar \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Quer que o Git o faça por si [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "opção não reconhecida: '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' não parecer ser uma revisão válida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD incorreta - é necessário uma HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr "Falha ao extrair '$start_head'. Tente 'git bisect reset <ramo-válido>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "não é possível bissetar numa árvore \"cg-seek'ed\""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "HEAD incorreta - referência simbólica desconhecida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Argumento de bisect_write incorreto: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Revisão incorreta na entrada: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Invoque 'bisect_state' com pelo menos um argumento."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Revisão incorreta na entrada: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' só leva um argumento."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "Aviso: a bissetar só com um commit $TERM_BAD."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Tem a certeza [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Deve indicar pelo menos uma revisão $bad_syn e uma revisão $good_syn.\n"
+"(Pode usar \"git bisect $bad_syn\" e \"git bisect $good_syn\" para esse fim.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Deve começar por executar \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Indique pelo menos uma revisão $good_syn e uma revisão $bad_syn.\n"
+"(Pode usar \"git bisect $bad_syn\" e \"git bisect $good_syn\" para esse fim.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Não se está a bissetar."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' não é um commit válido"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Não foi possível extrair a HEAD original de '$branch'.\n"
+"Tente 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Nenhum ficheiro de log fornecido"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "não é possível ler $file para reproduzir"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? do que é que está a falar?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "a executar $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"falha ao bissetar:\n"
+"código de saída $res de '$command' é < 0 ou >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "não é possível continuar a bissetar"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"falha ao bissetar:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' retornou com o código de erro $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "bissecção concluída com sucesso"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "use dois termos diferentes"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "'$term' não é um termo válido"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "não é possível usar o comando '$term' como um termo"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "não é possível alterar o significado do termo '$term'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr ""
+"Comando inválido: está-se a bissetar usando os termos $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "nenhum termo definido"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"argumento inválido $arg de 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Opções suportadas: --term-good|--term-old e --term-bad|--term-new."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Depois de resolver este problema, execute \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Se prefere ignorar este patch, execute \"git rebase --skip\".\n"
+"Para extrair o ramo original e interromper o rebase, execute \"git rebase --"
+"abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Pilha automática (autostash) aplicada."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Não é possível guardar $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Surgiram conflitos ao aplicar a pilha automática (autostash).\n"
+"As suas alterações estão guardadas na pilha.\n"
+"Pode executar \"git stash pop\" ou \"git stash drop\" oportunamente.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Rebase recusado pelo hook pre-rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Parece que o git-am está em curso. Não é possível efetuar rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Rebase não está em curso?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "A ação --edit-todo só pode ser usada durante um rebase interativo."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Não é possível ler HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Deve editar todos os conflitos da integração\n"
+"e marcá-los como resolvidos usando git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Não foi possível voltar para $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Parece que já existe um diretório $state_dir_base e\n"
+"é possível que outro processo de rebase já esteja em curso.\n"
+"Se for o caso, tente\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Se não for o caso,\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"e execute o comando de novo. A execução foi interrompida no caso de\n"
+"ainda ter algo importante nesse sítio."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "$upstream_name a montante inválido"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: há mais do que uma base de integração"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: não há nenhuma base de integração"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Não aponta para um commit válido: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal: ramo inexistente: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Não é possível empilhar automaticamente (autostash)"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Pilha automática (autostash) criada: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Submeta ou empilhe-as (stash)."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "O ramo atual $branch_name está atualizado."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "O ramo atual $branch_name está atualizado, rebase forçado."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Alterações de $mb para $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Primeiro, a recuar a cabeça para replicar as suas alterações no topo desta..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name avançado rapidamente para $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "não está implementado git stash clear com parâmetros"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "O commit inicial ainda não existe"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Não é possível guardar o estado atual do índice"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Não é possível guardar o estado atual da árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Nenhuma alteração selecionada"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Não é possível remover o índice temporário (não pode acontecer)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Não é possível gravar o estado da árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Não é possível atualizar $ref_stash com $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"erro: opção desconhecida de 'stash save': $option\n"
+"      Para fornecer uma mensagem, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Não há alterações locais para guardar"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Não é possível inicializar a pilha"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Não é possível guardar o estado atual"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Não é possível remover as alterações da árvore de trabalho"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "opção desconhecido: $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Nenhuma pilha encontrada."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Demasiadas revisões especificadas: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference não é uma referência válida"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' não é um commit semelhante a pilha"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' não é uma referência de pilha"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "não foi possível refrescar o índice"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Não é possível aplicar uma pilha durante uma integração"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Conflitos no índice. Tente sem --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Não foi possível guardar árvore do índice"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Não é possível despreparar os ficheiros modificado"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "O índice não foi reposto."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "A descartar ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Não foi possível descartar elemento da pilha"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Nenhum nome de ramo especificado"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Para os restaurar execute \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Os caminhos relativos só podem ser usados a partir do topo da árvore de "
+"trabalho"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "URL do repositório: '$repo' deve ser absoluto ou começar com ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' já existe no índice"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"O seguinte caminho foi ignorado por um ficheiro .gitignore:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f se pretende mesmo adicioná-lo."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "A adicionar repositório existente em '$sm_path' ao índice"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' já existe e não é uma repositório git válido"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Um diretório git de '$sm_name' foi encontrado localmente com os remotos:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Se deseja reutilizar este diretório git local em vez de clonar de novo de"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"use a opção '--force'. Se o diretório git local não é o repositório correto"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"ou se não tem a certeza do que isto significa, escolha outro nome com a "
+"opção '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "A reativar o diretório git local do submódulo '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível extrair o submódulo '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Falha ao adicionar o submódulo '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Falha ao registar o submódulo '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "A entrar em '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Interrompido em '$displaypath'; o script retornou um valor diferente de zero."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "especificador de caminho e --all são incompatíveis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Use '--all' se pretende mesmo anular a inicialização todos os submódulos"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"A árvore de trabalho do submódulo '$displaypath' contém um diretório .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' se pretende mesmo removê-lo, incluindo todo o seu histórico)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"A árvore de trabalho do submódulo '$displaypath' contém alterações locais; "
+"use '-f' para as descartar"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Diretório '$displaypath' limpo"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Não foi possível remover a árvore de trabalho do submódulo '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível criar o diretório vazio do submódulo '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"O registo do submódulo '$name' ($url) foi removido do caminho '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Não foi possível encontrar a revisão atual no caminho de submódulo "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível obter no caminho de submódulo '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Não é possível obter no caminho de submódulo '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Não é possível extrair '$sha1' no caminho de submódulo '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Caminho de submódulo '$displaypath': '$sha1' extraído"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Não foi possível efetuar rebase de '$sha1' no caminho de submódulo "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Caminho de submódulo '$displaypath': rebase concluído em '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Não é possível integrar '$sha1' no caminho de submódulo '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Caminho de submódulo '$displaypath': integrado em '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Falha ao executar '$command $sha1' no caminho de submódulo '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Caminho de submódulo '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Falha ao percorrer o caminho de submódulo '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "A opção --cached não pode ser usada com a opção --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "modo inesperado $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Aviso: $display_name não contém o commit $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Warn: $display_name não contém o commit $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Warn: $display_name contém os commits $sha1_src e $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Falha ao percorrer recursivamente o caminho de submódulo '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "A sincronizar o URL do submódulo '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "Consulte git-${cmd}(1) para obter mais detalhes."
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "'%s': %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "não é possível aceder a '%s': %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for reading: %s"
+#~ msgstr "não foi possível abrir '%s' para leitura: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for writing: %s"
+#~ msgstr "não foi possível abrir '%s' para escrita: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "não é possível abrir %s: %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Prepare as suas alterações em .gitmodules ou esconda-as (stash) para "
+#~ "prosseguir"
+
+#~ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "não foi possível validar a tag '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to remove: %s"
+#~ msgstr "falha ao remover: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+#~ msgstr "A opção --exec deve ser usada com a opção --interactive"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+#~ "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Submódulo em '$displaypath' não inicializado\n"
+#~ "Talvez queira usar 'update --init'?"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse format"
+#~ msgstr "não foi possível analisar o formato"
+
+#~ msgid "improper format entered align:%s"
+#~ msgstr "formato impróprio introduzido align:%s"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+#~ msgstr "Não foi possível definir core.worktree em %s"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+#~ "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+#~ "and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+#~ "to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+#~ "behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+#~ "remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+#~ "information.\n"
+#~ "(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+#~ "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "push.default não está definido; o seu valor implícito foi alterado\n"
+#~ "no Git 2.0 de 'matching' para 'simple'. Para suprimir esta mensagem\n"
+#~ "e manter o comportamento tradicional, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Para suprimir esta mensagem e adotar o novo comportamento, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Quando push.default está definido como 'matching', o Git publica\n"
+#~ "os ramos locais nos ramos remotos que já existam com o mesmo nome.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Desde a versão 2.0, o Git assume o comportamento mais conservativo 'simple',"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "publicando só o ramo atual no ramo remoto correspondente, que é usado\n"
+#~ "para atualizar o ramo atual com 'git pull'.\n"
+#~ "Consulte 'git help config' e procure por 'push.default' para mais "
+#~ "informações.\n"
+#~ "(o modo 'simple' foi introduzido no Git 1.7.11. Use o modo semelhante\n"
+#~ "'current' em vez de 'simple' se por vezes usa versões anteriores do Git)"
+
+#~ msgid "check|on-demand|no"
+#~ msgstr "check|on-demand|no"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Não foi possível acrescentar '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "Missing author: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Autor em falta: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Testing "
+#~ msgstr "A testar "
+
+#~ msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Migrar commits locais para a cabeça atualizada em relação ao ramo a "
+#~ "montante"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed\n"
+#~ msgstr " 0 ficheros modificados\n"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d ficheiro modificado"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d ficheiros modificados"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d adição(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d adições(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d eliminado(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d eliminados(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Você não tem uma HEAD válida"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "erro"
+
+#~ msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "copiado:     %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "modificado:   %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "mudado de nome:    %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", atrás "
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "nenhum ficheiros adicionado"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr "Não foi possível extrair a identidade do committer do e-mail."
+
+#~ msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+#~ msgstr "opção %s não aceita formato negativo"
+
+#~ msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "Aplicando: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
+#~ msgstr "cherry-pick"
+
+#~ msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+#~ msgstr "Por favor insira a mensagem de commit das suas alterações."
diff --git a/po/ru.po b/po/ru.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..617e5f54f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/ru.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12066 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# 
+# Translators:
+# Dimitriy Ryazantcev <DJm00n@mail.ru>, 2014-2016
+# insolor, 2014
+# insolor, 2014
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git Russian Localization Project\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-06-11 09:37+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Dimitriy Ryazantcev <DJm00n@mail.ru>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian (http://www.transifex.com/djm00n/git-po-ru/language/ru/)\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "под�казка: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr "И�правьте их в рабочем каталоге, затем запу�тите «git add/rm <файл>»,\nчтобы пометить и�правление и �делайте коммит."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили �ли�ние (при�ут�твует файл MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "Перед �ли�нием, выполните коммит ваших изменений."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "Выход из-за незавершенного �ли�ни�."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<опции>] <указатель-дерева> [<путь>…]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> "
+"[<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <репозиторий> [--exec <команда>] [<опции>] <указатель-дерева> [<путь>…]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <репозиторий> [--exec <команда>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "�пецификаци� пути «%s» не �оответ�твует ни одному файлу"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "формат"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "формат архива"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "префик�"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "добавл�ть префик� перед каждым путем файла в архиве"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549 builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989 builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459 builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398
+#: builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "файл"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "запи�ь архива в �тот файл"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "читать .gitattributes в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "отчет об архивированных файлах в stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "только хранение"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "�жимать бы�трее"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "�жимать лучше"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "перечи�лить поддерживаемые форматы архивов"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "репозиторий"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "получить архив из внешнего <репозитори�>"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "команда"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "путь к команде git-upload-archive на машине � внешним репозиторием"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr "Отрицающие шаблоны в атрибутах git игнорируют��.\nИ�пользуйте «\\!» дл� буквального и�пользовани� �имвола в значении «во�клицательный знак»."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr "\nПо�ле и�правлени� причины ошибки,\nвы можете и�править информацию об от�леживаемой\nвнешней ветке, � помощью команды\n«git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s»."
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "�е у�танавливаю ветку %s, так так она принадлежит выше�то�щему репозиторию."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ветка %s от�леживает внешнюю ветку %s из %s перемещением."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Ветка %s от�леживает внешнюю ветку %s из %s."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ветка %s от�леживает локальную ветку %s перемещением."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Ветка %s от�леживает локальную ветку %s."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ветка %s от�леживает внешнюю ��ылку %s перемещением."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Ветка %s от�леживает внешнюю ��ылку %s."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ветка %s от�леживает локальную ��ылку %s перемещением."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Ветка %s от�леживает локальную ��ылку %s."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запи�ать на�тройки выше�то�щей ветки"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "�е от�леживает��: неоднозначна� информаци� дл� ��ылки %s"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "«%s» не �вл�ет�� дей�твительным именем ветки."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Ветка � именем «%s» уже �уще�твует."
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь принудительно обновить текущую ветку."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь на�троить информацию от�леживани�; �тартова� точка «%s» не �вл�ет�� веткой."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "запрошенна� ветка выше�то�щего репозитори� «%s» не �уще�твует"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr "\nЕ�ли вы планируете о�новывать �вою работу на выше�то�щей ветке, котора� уже �уще�твует во внешнем репозитории, вам может потребовать�� запу�тить «git fetch» дл� ее получени�.\n\nЕ�ли вы планируете отправить новую локальную ветку, котора� будет от�леживать��, во внешний репозиторий, вам может потребовать�� запу�тить «git push -u» — чтобы �охранить на�тройку выше�то�щего репозитори� дл� отправки."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "�едопу�тимое им� объекта: «%s»."
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "�еоднозначное им� объекта: «%s»."
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "�едопу�тима� точка ветки: «%s»."
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "«%s» уже находит�� на «%s»"
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "HEAD рабочего каталога %s не обновлён"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "«%s» не похож на файл пакета вер�ии 2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "неопознанный заголовок: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть «%s»"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "В репозитории от�ут�твуют необходимые коммиты:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "�бой инициализации прохода по редакци�м"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Пакет �одержит �ту %d ��ылку:"
+msgstr[1] "Пакет �одержит �ти %d ��ылки:"
+msgstr[2] "Пакет �одержит �ти %d ��ылок:"
+msgstr[3] "Пакет �одержит �ти %d ��ылок:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Пакет �одержит полную и�торию."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Пакет требует �ту %d ��ылку:"
+msgstr[1] "Пакет требует �ти %d ��ылки:"
+msgstr[2] "Пакет требует �ти %d ��ылок:"
+msgstr[3] "Пакет требует �ти %d ��ылок:"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �оздать объекты пакета"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "критиче�ка� ошибка pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "критиче�ка� ошибка rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "��ылка «%s» и�ключена в �оответ�твии � опци�ми rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "неопознанный аргумент: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Отклонение �оздани� пу�того пакета."
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать «%s»"
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "критиче�ка� ошибка index-pack"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "недопу�тимое значение цвета: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s не �вл�ет�� коммитом!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "пам�ть и�черпана"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "ошибка в %d �троке файла конфигурации в %s %s"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "неправильное чи�ловое значение «%s» дл� «%s» в %s %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "неправильное чи�ловое значение «%s» дл� «%s»: %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "�бой разворачивани� пути каталога пользовател�: «%s»"
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "неправильный уровень �жати� zlib %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "недопу�тимый режим �оздани� объекта: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать конфигурацию из командной �троки"
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "произошла неизве�тна� ошибка при чтении файлов конфигурации"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать «%s» в конфигурации из командной �троки"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "неправильна� переменна� конфигурации «%s» в файле «%s» на �троке %d"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s имеет не�колько значений"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь у�тановить «%s» в «%s»"
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �бро�ить значение дл� «%s»"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запу�тить «git rev-list»"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "�бой запи�и в rev-list"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "�бой закрыти� �тандартного ввода у rev-list"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "в будущем"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu �екунду назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu �екунды назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu �екунд назад"
+msgstr[3] "%lu �екунд назад"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu минуту назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu минуты назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu минут назад"
+msgstr[3] "%lu минут назад"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu ча� назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu ча�а назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu ча�ов назад"
+msgstr[3] "%lu ча�ов назад"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu день назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu дн� назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu дней назад"
+msgstr[3] "%lu дней назад"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu неделю назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu недели назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu недель назад"
+msgstr[3] "%lu недель назад"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu ме��ц назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu ме��ца назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu ме��цев назад"
+msgstr[3] "%lu ме��цев назад"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu год"
+msgstr[1] "%lu года"
+msgstr[2] "%lu лет"
+msgstr[3] "%lu лет"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s и %lu ме��ц назад"
+msgstr[1] "%s и %lu ме��ца назад"
+msgstr[2] "%s и %lu ме��цев назад"
+msgstr[3] "%s и %lu ме��цев назад"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu год назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu года назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu лет назад"
+msgstr[3] "%lu лет назад"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "�бой чтени� orderfile «%s»"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Выполн�ет�� неточное определение переименовани�"
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Сбой разбора величины �реза (cut-off) у dirstat «%s»\n"
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�еизве�тный параметр dirstat: «%s»\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "�еизве�тное значени� дл� переменной «diff.submodule»: «%s»"
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "�айдены ошибки в переменной «diff.dirstat»:\n%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "критиче�ка� ошибка при внешнем �равнении, о�танов на %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow требует ровно одной �пецификации пути"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Сбой разбора параметра опции --dirstat/-X :\n%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Сбой разбора параметра опции --submodule: «%s»"
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "не удало�ь получить им� �дра и информацию"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr "К�ш неот�леживаемых файлов отключен на �той �и�теме или в �том ме�те."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "не удало�ь запу�тить gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg не прин�л данные"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg не удало�ь подпи�ать данные"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать временный файл «%s»"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "�бой запи�и от�оединенной подпи�и в «%s»"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "«%s»: не удало�ь проче�ть %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить stat «%s»"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "«%s»: �лишком мало данных прочитано"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "до�тупные команды git в «%s»"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "команды git, до�тупные в других ме�тах вашего $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "Стандартные команды Git и�пользуемые в различных �итуаци�х:"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr "«%s» похоже на команду git, но нам не удало�ь ее запу�тить. Возможно, git-%s  не работает?"
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ой-ёй! Ваша �и�тема не �ообщает ни о каких командах Git вообще."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr "В�ИМ��ИЕ: Вы вызвали команду Git «%s», но такой не �уще�твует.\nПродолжаем � предположением, что вы имели в виду «%s»"
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "через %0.1f �екунд автоматиче�ки…"
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: «%s» не �вл�ет�� командой git. Смотрите «git --help»."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] "\nВозможно, вы имели в виду �то?"
+msgstr[1] "\nВозможно, вы имели в виду что-то из �того?"
+msgstr[2] "\nВозможно, вы имели в виду что-то из �того?"
+msgstr[3] "\nВозможно, вы имели в виду что-то из �того?"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s — %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �оздать «%s.lock»: %s.\n\nПохоже, что другой проце�� git запущен в �том репозитории,\nнапример редактор открыт из «git commit». Пожалуй�та, убедите�ь,\nчто в�е проце��ы были завершены и потом попробуйте �нова.\nЕ�ли �то не поможет, то возможно проце�� git был ранее завершен\n� ошибкой в �том репозитории: \nудалите файл вручную дл� продолжени�."
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �оздать «%s.lock»: %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "�бой чтени� к�ша"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать новый файл индек�а"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(плохой коммит)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "�бой addinfo_cache дл� пути «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "ошибка при по�троении деревьев"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать путь «%s»%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Удаление %s, чтобы о�вободить ме�то дл� подкаталогов\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": возможно, конфликт каталогов/файлов?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "отказ потери неот�леживаемого файла в «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "невозможно прочитать объект %s «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "ожидает�� двоичный объект дл� %s «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать �имвольную ��ылку «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "не пон�тно, что делать � %06o %s «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запу�тить внутреннее �ли�ние"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь добавить %s в базу данных"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "объект неподдерживаемого типа в дереве"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr "КО�ФЛИКТ (%s/удаление): %s удалено в %s и %s в %s. Вер�и� %s из %s о�тавлена в дереве."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr "КО�ФЛИКТ (%s/удаление): %s удалено в %s и %s в %s. Вер�и� %s из %s о�тавлена в дереве на %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "переименование"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "переименовано"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s — �то каталог в %s, добавл�ем как %s вме�то �того"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename "
+"\"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr "КО�ФЛИКТ (переименование/переименование): Переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s» и переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s»%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (о�тавлено неразрешенным)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr "КО�ФЛИКТ (переименование/переименование): Переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s» и переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Переименовываю %s в %s и %s в %s вме�то �того"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "КО�ФЛИКТ (переименование/добавление): Переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s» и добавление «%s» в ветке «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Добавление �литого %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Добавление вме�то �того как %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "невозможно прочитать объект «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "объект %s не �вл�ет�� двоичным объектом"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "изменение"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "изменено"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "�одержимое"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "добавление/добавление"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Пропу�к %s (�литы одинаковые изменени� как �уще�твующие)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "�вто�ли�ние %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "подмодуль"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "КО�ФЛИКТ (%s): Конфликт �ли�ни� в %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Удаление %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "файл/каталог"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "каталог/файл"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr "КО�ФЛИКТ (%s): Уже �уще�твует каталог � именем «%s» в «%s». Добавление «%s» как «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Добавление %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Критиче�ка� ошибка �ли�ни�, такого не должно �лучать��."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Уже обновлено!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "�бой �ли�ни� деревьев «%s» и «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "�еобработанный путь??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Сли�ние:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "найден %u общий предок:"
+msgstr[1] "найдено %u общих предка:"
+msgstr[2] "найдено %u общих предков:"
+msgstr[3] "найдено %u общих предков:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "�ли�ние не вернуло коммит"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь разобрать объект «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "�е удает�� запи�ать индек�."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "�ельз� закоммитить неинициализированное или не имеющее ��ылок дерево заметок"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправильное значение notes.rewriteMode: «%s»"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Отказ в перезапи�и заметок в %s (за пределами refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправильное значение переменной %s: «%s»"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать объект: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "…"
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "и�пользование: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "          или: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "            %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-КОЛИЧЕСТВО"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправильное им� объекта «%s»"
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь предо�тавить до�туп к %s на запи�ь"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "глобальные опции �пецификации пути «glob» и «noglob» нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr "глобальна� опци� �пецификации пути «literal» не �овме�тима � другими глобальными �пецификаторами до�тупа"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "неправильный параметр дл� магиче�кого �лова «prefix» в �пецификации пути "
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "неправильное магиче�кое �лово «%.*s» в �пецификации пути «%s»"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Пропущено «)» в конце магиче�кого �лова �пецификации пути «%s»"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "�ереализованное магиче�кое �лово «%c» �пецификации пути «%s»"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: «literal» и «glob» не �овме�тимы"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: «%s» вне репозитори�"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Спецификаци� пути «%s» в подмодуле «%.*s»"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: магиче�кие �лова в �пецификации пути не поддерживают�� командой: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "�пецификаци� пути «%s» находит�� за �имволиче�кой ��ылкой"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr "�е указан шаблон дл� и�ключени� � помощью :(exclude).\nВозможно, вы забыли «:/» или «.» ?"
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать формат дл� --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "готово"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr "index.version указан, но значение недей�твительное.\nИ�пользую вер�ию %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr "GIT_INDEX_VERSION указан, но значение недей�твительное.\nИ�пользую вер�ию %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь открыть «%s» дл� запи�и"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь удалить ��ылку %s: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь удалить ��ылки: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь удалить ��ылки %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "ожидаемый формат: %%(color:<color>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "неопознанный цвет: %%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "неопознанный формат: %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) не принимает аргументов"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) не принимает аргументов"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "положительное значение ожидает �одержимое:lines=%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "неопознанный аргумент %%(contents): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "неопознанный аргумент %%(objectname): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "ожидаемый формат: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "неопознанна� позици�:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "неопознанна� ширина:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "неопознанный аргумент %%(align): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "ожидает�� положительна� ширина � указанием ча�тицы %%(align)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "неправильное им� пол�: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "неизве�тное им� пол�: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "формат: ча�тица %%(end) и�пользована без �оответ�твующей ча�тицы"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "неправильна� �трока формата %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= требует наличи� положительного целого аргумента"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "��ылка «%s» не �одержит %ld компонент дл� :strip"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "неизве�тный %.*s формат %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "не найден объект %s дл� %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "�бой при выполнении parse_object_buffer на %s дл� %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "Повреждённый объект «%s»"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "игнорирую ��ылку � неправильным именем %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "игнорирую неправильную ��ылку %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "format: пропущена ча�тица %%(end)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "неправильное им� объекта %s"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "�ельз� извлечь одновременно %s и %s в %s"
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s обычно от�леживает %s, а не %s"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s от�леживает и %s и %s"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Внутренн�� ошибка"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD не указывает на ветку"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "нет такой ветки: «%s»"
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "выше�то�ща� ветка не на�троена дл� ветки «%s»"
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "выше�то�ща� ветка «%s» не �охранена как от�леживаема� ветка"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr "назначение дл� отправки «%s» на внешнем �ервере «%s» не имеет локальной от�леживаемой ветки"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "ветка «%s» не имеет внешнего �ервера дл� отправки"
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "�пецификации пути дл� отправки «%s» не включают в �еб� «%s»"
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "отправка не имеет точки назначени� (push.default вы�тавлен в «nothing»)"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить «simple» отправку в един�твенную точку назначени�"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Ваша ветка базирует�� на «%s», но выше�то�щий репозиторий и�чез.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "(дл� и�правлени� запу�тите «git branch --unset-upstream»)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Ваша ветка обновлена в �оответ�твии � «%s».\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ваша ветка опережает «%s» на %d коммит.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ваша ветка опережает «%s» на %d коммита.\n"
+msgstr[2] "Ваша ветка опережает «%s» на %d коммитов.\n"
+msgstr[3] "Ваша ветка опережает «%s» на %d коммитов.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git push», чтобы опубликовать ваши локальные коммиты)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ваша ветка от�тает от «%s» на %d коммит и может быть перемотана вперед.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ваша ветка от�тает от «%s» на %d коммита и может быть перемотана вперед.\n"
+msgstr[2] "Ваша ветка от�тает от «%s» на %d коммитов и может быть перемотана вперед.\n"
+msgstr[3] "Ваша ветка от�тает от «%s» на %d коммитов и может быть перемотана вперед.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git pull», чтобы обновить вашу локальную ветку)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ваша ветка и «%s» разделили�ь\nи теперь имеют %d и %d разный коммит в каждой �оответ�твенно.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ваша ветка и «%s» разделили�ь\nи теперь имеют %d и %d разных коммита в каждой �оответ�твенно.\n"
+msgstr[2] "Ваша ветка и «%s» разделили�ь\nи теперь имеют %d и %d разных коммитов в каждой �оответ�твенно.\n"
+msgstr[3] "Ваша ветка и «%s» разделили�ь\nи теперь имеют %d и %d разных коммитов в каждой �оответ�твенно.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git pull», чтобы �лить внешнюю ветку в вашу)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "похоже, ваша текуща� ветка повреждена"
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "ваша текуща� ветка «%s» еще не �одержит ни одного коммита"
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "опцию --first-parent нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "�бой открыти� /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) �бой"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "�бой подпи�ани� �ертификата отправки"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "принимающа� �торона не поддерживает отправку � опцией --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support "
+"--signed push"
+msgstr "не отправл�ем �ертификат дл� отправки, так как принимающа� �торона не поддерживает отправку � опцией --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "принимающа� �торона не поддерживает отправку � опцией --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr "по�ле разрешени� конфликтов, пометьте и�правленные пути\n� помощью «git add <пути>» или «git rm <пути>»"
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr "по�ле разрешени� конфликтов, пометьте и�правленные пути\n� помощью «git add <пути>» или «git rm <пути>»\nи �делайте коммит � помощью «git commit»"
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запи�ать в %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка оборачивани� %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменение будут перезапи�аны отбором лучшего."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменение будут перезапи�аны возвратом коммита."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Сделайте коммит или �пр�чьте ваши изменени� дл� продолжени�."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: �е удало�ь запи�ать файл индек�а"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь определить HEAD коммит\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь обновить дерево к�ша\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь разобрать коммит %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь разобрать родитель�кую коммит %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Ваш файл индек�а не �лит."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Коммит %s — �то коммит-�ли�ние, но опци� -m не указана."
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "У коммита %s нет предка %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "О�новна� ветка указана, но коммит %s не �вл�ет�� �ли�нием."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: не удало�ь разобрать родитель�кий коммит дл� %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь получить �ообщение коммита дл� %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь возвратить коммит %s… %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь применить коммит %s… %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "передан пу�той набор коммитов"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: �бой чтени� индек�а"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: �бой обновлени� индек�а"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь %s во врем� %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь разобрать �троку %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Коммиты не разобраны."
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь открыть %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прочитать %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "�епригодна� дл� и�пользовани� карта � ин�трукци�ми: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "�едей�твительный ключ: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "�еправильное значение %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Повреждённа� карта � опци�ми: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "отбор лучшего или возврат коммита уже выполн�ет��"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "попробуйте «git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)»"
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �оздать каталог дл� указател� �ледовани� коммитов %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Ошибка оборачивани� %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "отбор лучшего или возврат коммита не выполн�ет��"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "не удало�ь определить HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "нельз� отменить изменени� � ветки, котора� еще не �оздана"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "неожиданный конец файла"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "�охраненный файл � HEAD перед отбором лучшего «%s» поврежден"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь отформатировать %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: не удало�ь отобрать %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: плоха� редакци�"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "�ельз� возвратить изначальный коммит"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "�ельз� отобрать лучшее в пу�тую ветку"
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать %s"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "Ожидаема� вер�и� git репозитори� <= %d, а обнаружена %d"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "обнаружены неизве�тные ра�ширени� репозитори�:"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "�двиг до конца файла пакета (возможно, повреждён файл .idx?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr "�двиг до начала индек�а пакета дл� %s (повреждён индек�?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr "�двиг за пределами индек�а пакета дл� %s (обрезан индек�?)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr "Обычно Git не �оздает ��ылки, оканчивающие�� на 40 ше�тнадцатеричных\n�имволов, потому, что они будут игнорировать��, когда вы про�то\nукажете �то 40-�имвольное ше�тнадцатеричное чи�ло. Такие ��ылки\nмогли быть �озданы по ошибке. �апример, � помощью:\n\n  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse …)\n\n, е�ли «$br» оказал�� пу�тым, то ��ылка � 40-�имвольным\nше�тнадцатеричным чи�лом будет �оздана. Пожалуй�та, про�мотрите �ти\n��ылки и, возможно, удалите их. Вы можете отключить �то �ообщение\nзапу�тив «git config advice.objectNameWarning false»"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь изменить не �литый .gitmodules, �начала разрешите конфликты"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти раздел в .gitmodules, где путь равен %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr " �е удало�ь обновить .gitmodules запи�ь %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь удалить запи�ь в .gitmodules дл� %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "�бой индек�ировани� обновленного .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "нельз� и�пользовать отприцательные значени� дл� submodule.fetchJobs"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "неправильное значение %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "�бой при запу�ке команды завершител� «%s»"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "неизве�тное значение «%s» дл� ключа «%s»"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "больше одного %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "пу�та� по�ледн�� лек�ема в завершителе «%.*s»"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать входной файл «%s»"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить stat дл� %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "файл %s не �вл�ет�� обычным файлом"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "файл %s не до�тупен на запи�ь пользователю"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать временный файл"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь переименовать временный файл в %s"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прочитать ��ылку %s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменени� в указанных файлах будут перезапи�аны при переключении на �о�то�ние:\n%%sСделайте коммит или �пр�чьте ваши изменени� перед переключением веток."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменени� в указанных файлах будут перезапи�аны при переключении на �о�то�ние:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменени� в указанных файлах будут перезапи�аны при �ли�нии:\n%%sСделайте коммит или �пр�чьте ваши изменени� перед �ли�нием веток."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменени� в указанных файлах будут перезапи�аны при �ли�нии:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменени� в указанных файлах будут перезапи�аны при %s:\n%%sСделайте коммит или �пр�чьте ваши изменени� перед %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменени� в указанных файлах будут перезапи�аны при %s:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Обновление указанных каталогов приведет к потере неот�леживаемых файлов в них:\n%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут удалены при переключении на �о�то�ние:\n%%sПереме�тите �ти файлы или удалите их перед переключением веток."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут удалены при переключении на �о�то�ние:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут удалены при �ли�нии:\n%%sПереме�тите �ти файлы или удалите их перед переключением веток."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут удалены при �ли�нии:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут удалены при %s:\n%%sПереме�тите �ти файлы или удалите их перед %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут удалены при %s:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут перезапи�аны при переключении на �о�то�ние:\n%%sПереме�тите �ти файлы или удалите их перед переключением веток."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут перезапи�аны при переключении на �о�то�ние:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут перезапи�аны при �ли�нии:\n%%sПереме�тите �ти файлы или удалите их перед переключением веток."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут перезапи�аны при �ли�нии:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут перезапи�аны при %s:\n%%sПереме�тите �ти файлы или удалите их перед %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr "Указанные неот�леживаемые файлы в рабочем каталоге будут перезапи�аны при %s:\n%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "Запи�ь «%s» ча�тично �овпадает � «%s».  �е удало�ь назначить �оответ�твие."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь обновить ча�тичное �о�то�ние: �ледующие �лементы не по�ледней вер�ии:\n%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Указанные файлы из рабочего каталога будут перезапи�аны при обновлении ча�тичного �о�то�ни�:\n%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Указанные файлы из рабочего каталога будут удалены при обновлении ча�тичного �о�то�ни�:\n%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "Прерываю\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Ра�паковка файлов"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "�еправильна� им� URL �хемы или пропущен �уффик� «://»"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "неправильна� управл�юща� по�ледовательно�ть %XX"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "пропущено им� �ервера и �хема до�тупа не «file:»"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "URL �о �хемой «file:» не может �одержать номер порта"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "неправильные �имволы в имени �ервера"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "неправильный номер порта"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "неправильна� ча�ть пути «..»"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть «%s» дл� чтени� и запи�и"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть «%s» дл� запи�и"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть «%s» дл� чтени�"
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "«%s» недо�тупно"
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "не удало�ь получить текущий рабочий каталог"
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть «%s» дл� запи�и"
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать в %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь закрыть %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "�е �литые пути:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git reset %s <файл>…», чтобы убрать из индек�а)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git rm --cached <файл>…», чтобы убрать из индек�а)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git add <файл>…», чтобы пометить разрешение конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git add/rm <файл>…», чтобы пометить выбранное разрешение конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git rm <файл>…», чтобы пометить разрешение конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Изменени�, которые будут включены в коммит:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Изменени�, которые не в индек�е дл� коммита:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git add <файл>…», чтобы добавить файл в индек�)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git add/rm <файл>…», чтобы добавить или удалить файл из индек�а)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working "
+"directory)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git checkout -- <файл>…», чтобы отменить изменени�\n   в рабочем каталоге)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr "  (�делайте коммит или отмените изменени� в неот�леживаемом или измененном �одержимом в подмодул�х)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git %s <файл>…», чтобы добавить в то, что будет включено в коммит)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "оба удалены:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "добавлено нами:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "удалено ими:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "добавлено ими:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "удалено нами:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "оба добавлены:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "оба измены:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "ошибка: необработанный �тату� не �литых изменений %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "новый файл:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "�копировано:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "удалено:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "изменено:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "переименовано:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "изменен тип:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "неизве�тно:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "не �литые:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "новые коммиты, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "изменено �одержимое, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "неот�леживаемое �одержимое, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "ошибка: необработанный �тату� изменений %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Измененные, но не обновленные подмодули:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Изменени� в подмодул�х, которые будут закоммичены:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr "�е трогайте �троку выше �той.\nВ�ё, что ниже — будет удалено."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "У ва� е�ть не �литые пути."
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запу�тите «git commit»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "В�е конфликты и�правлены, но вы в�е еще в проце��е �ли�ни�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git commit», чтобы завершить �ли�ние)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Вы в проце��е �е��ии am."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Текущий патч пу�той."
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запу�тите «git am --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git am --skip», чтобы пропу�тить �тот патч)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git am --abort», чтобы во��тановить оригинальную ветку)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "Команды не выполнены."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "По�ледн�� команда выполнена (%d команда выполнена):"
+msgstr[1] "По�ледн�� команда выполнена (%d команды выполнено):"
+msgstr[2] "По�ледн�� команда выполнена (%d команд выполнено):"
+msgstr[3] "По�ледн�� команда выполнена (%d команд выполнено):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  (�мотрите дополнительно в файле %s)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "Команд больше не о�тало�ь."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "Следующа� команда дл� выполнени� (%d команда о�тала�ь):"
+msgstr[1] "Следующа� команда дл� выполнени� (%d команды о�тало�ь):"
+msgstr[2] "Следующа� команда дл� выполнени� (%d команд о�тало�ь):"
+msgstr[3] "Следующа� команда дл� выполнени� (%d команд о�тало�ь):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git rebase --edit-todo», чтобы про�мотреть и изменить)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� перемещаете ветку «%s» над «%s»."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� перемещаете ветку."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запу�тите «git rebase --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git rebase --skip», чтобы пропу�тить �тот патч)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git rebase --abort», чтобы перейти на оригинальную ветку)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (в�е конфликты разрешены: запу�тите «git rebase --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� раздел�ете коммит при перемещении ветки  «%s» над «%s»."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� раздел�ете коммит при перемещении ветки."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "(Как только ваш рабочий каталог будет чи�тый, запу�тите «git rebase --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� редактируете коммит при перемещении ветки  «%s» над «%s»."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� редактируете коммит при перемещении ветки."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git commit --amend», чтобы и�править текущий коммит)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git rebase --continue», когда будете довольны изменени�ми)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� отбираете лучший коммит %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запу�тите «git cherry-pick --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (в�е конфликты разрешены: запу�тите «git cherry-pick --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git cherry-pick --abort», чтобы отменить операцию отбора лучшего)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� возвращаете коммит %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запу�тите «git revert --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (в�е конфликты разрешены: запу�тите «git revert --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git revert --abort», чтобы отменить операцию возврата)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� в проце��е двоичного пои�ка, начатого � ветки «%s»."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� в проце��е двоичного пои�ка."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (и�пользуйте «git bisect reset», чтобы вернуть�� на и�ходную ветку)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "�а ветке "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "интерактивное перемещение в проце��е; над "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "перемещение в проце��е; над "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD отделён на "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD отделён начина� � "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Сейча� ни на одной из веток"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "�ачальный коммит"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "�еот�леживаемые файлы"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Игнорируемые файлы"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr "%.2f �екунды зан�л вывод �пи�ка неот�леживаемых файлов. «status -uno» возможно может у�корить �то, но будьте внимательны, и не забудьте добавить новые файлы вручную (�мотрите «git help status» дл� подробно�тей)."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "�еот�леживаемые файлы не показаны%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr "(и�пользуйте опцию «-u», чтобы показать неот�леживаемые файлы)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "�ет изменений"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr "нет изменений добавленных дл� коммита\n(и�пользуйте «git add» и/или «git commit -a»)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "нет изменений добавленных дл� коммита\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr "ничего не добавлено в коммит, но е�ть неот�леживаемые файлы (и�пользуйте «git add», чтобы от�леживать их)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "ничего не добавлено в коммит, но е�ть неот�леживаемые файлы\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "нечего коммитить (�оздайте/�копируйте файлы, затем запу�тите «git add», чтобы от�леживать их)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "нечего коммитить\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "нечего коммитить (и�пользуйте опцию «-u», чтобы показать неот�леживаемые файлы)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "нечего коммитить, нет изменений в рабочем каталоге\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "�ачальный коммит на "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (нет ветки)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "и�чез"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "позади"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "впереди "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "�бой от�оединени� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<опции>] [--] <�пецификаци�-пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "неожиданный �тату� различий %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "�бой при обновлении файлов"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "удалить «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "�епроиндек�ированные изменени� по�ле обновлени� индек�а:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прочитать индек�"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь открыть «%s» дл� запи�и."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запи�ать патч"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "�бой при редактировании патча"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь выполнить stat дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Пу�той патч. Операци� прервана."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь применить «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "Следующие пути игнорируют�� одним из ваших файлов .gitignore:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "пробный запу�к"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "быть много�ловнее"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "интерактивный выбор"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "интерактивный выбор блоков"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "отредактировать текущий файл различий и применить его"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "разрешить добавление игнорируемых иначе файлов"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "обновить от�леживаемые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "запи�ать только факт, что путь будет добавлен позже"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "добавить изменени� из в�ех от�леживаемых и неот�леживаемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "игнорировать пути удаленные из рабочего каталога (тоже, что и --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "не добавл�ть, только обновить индек�"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "пропу�кать файлы, которые не могут быть добавлены из-за ошибок"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "удо�товерить��, что даже недо�тающие файлы будут проигнорированы при  пробном запу�ке"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "И�пользуйте -f, е�ли вы дей�твительно хотите добавить их.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "ошибка при добавлении файлов"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A и -u нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "Опци� --ignore-missing может и�пользовать�� только вме�те � --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "�ичего не указано, ничего не добавлено.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Возможно, вы имели в виду «git add .»?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "файл индек�а поврежден"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запи�ать новый файл индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать �ценарий автор�тва"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "«%s» был удален перехватчиком applypatch-msg"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "�еправильна� �трока ввода: «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �копировать заметку из «%s» в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "�бой при выполнении fseek"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать патч «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Только �ери� патчей StGIT может быть применена за раз"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "недопу�тима� метка даты/времени"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "недопу�тима� �трока даты"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "недопу�тимое �мещение ча�ового по��а"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Сбой определени� формата патча."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать каталог «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь разделить патчи на ча�ти."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать индек�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "Когда вы у�траните �ту проблему, запу�тите «%s --continue»."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr "Е�ли вы хотите пропу�тить �тот патч, то запу�тите «%s --skip»."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr "Чтобы вернуть�� на предыдущую ветку и о�тановить применение изменений, запу�тите «%s --abort»."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "Патч пу�т. Возможно, он был неправильно разделён?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "неправильна� �трока идентификации: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать коммит %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr "В репозитории от�ут�твуют двоичные объекты, необходимые дл� отката к трехходовому �ли�нию."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "И�пользую индек� дл� рекон�трукции базового дерева…"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr "Вы вручную измен�ли патч?\nОн не накладывает�� без ошибок на двоичные объекты, запи�анные в его заголовке."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Откат к применению изменений к базовому коммиту � помощью трехходового �ли�ни�…"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �лить изменени�."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree не удало�ь запи�ать дерево"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "применение к пу�той и�тории"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "�бой запи�и объекта коммита"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "нельз� продолжнить: %s не �уще�твует "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr "не удало�ь и�пользовать интерактивное поведение, без stdin подключенного к терминалу."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Тело коммита:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr "Применить? [y] - да/[n] - нет/[e] - редактировать/[v] - про�мотреть патч/[a] - применить в�ё: "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "Индек� не пу�той: нельз� примен�ть патчи (в индек�е: %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "Применение: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "�ет изменений — Патч уже применен."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "Ошибка применени� изменений на %s %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "Копию изменений, которые не удало�ь применить, вы можете найти в: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr "�ет изменений — возможно, вы забыли вызвать «git add»?\nЕ�ли ничего не о�тало�ь дл� индек�ации, то, �корее в�его, что-то другое уже �делало те же изменени�; возможно, вам �ледует пропу�тить �тот патч."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr "У ва� в�е еще имеют�� не �литые пути в индек�е.\nВозможно, вы забыли вызвать «git add»?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь разобрать объект «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "не удало�ь очи�тить индек�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr "Похоже, что вы переме�тили HEAD � момента по�ледней ошибки выполнени� «am».\nПеремотка на ORIG_HEAD не выполн�ет��"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "�еправильное значение дл� --patch-format: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<опции>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<опции>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "запу�тить в интерактивном режиме"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "и�ториче�ка� опци� — ничего не делает"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "разрешить откатить�� к трехходовому �ли�нию, е�ли нужно"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "тихий режим"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "добавить �троку Signed-off-by к �ообщению коммита"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "перекодировать в utf8 (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "передать флаг -k в git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "передать флаг -b в git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "передать флаг -m в git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "передать флаг --keep-cr в git-mailsplit дл� формата mbox"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr "не передавать --keep-cr флаг в git-mailsplit вне зави�имо�ти от am.keepcr"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "обрезать в�е до �троки обрезки"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "дей�твие"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "передать его в git-apply"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "корень"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "путь"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134
+#: builtin/pull.c:193 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:645 builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "количе�тво"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "формат"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "формат, в котором наход�т�� патчи"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "переопределить �ообщение об ошибке, е�ли не удало�ь наложить изменени�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "продолжить применение изменений по�ле разрешени� конфиликта"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "�иноним дл� --continue"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "пропу�тить текущий патч"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr "во��тановить оригинальную ветку и отменить операцию применени� изменений."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "�оврать о дате коммитера"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "и�пользовать текущее врем� как врем� автор�тва"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "key-id"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "подпи�ать коммиты � помощью GPG"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(внутреннее и�пользование дл� git-rebase)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr "Опци� -b/--binary уже долгое врем� ничего не делает и будет удалена � �ледующих вер�и�х Git. Пожалуй�та, не и�пользуйте ее."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "�бой чтени� индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "предыдущий каталог перемещени� %s еще �уще�твует, но передан mbox."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr "�айден забытый каталог %s.\nИ�пользуйте «git am --abort», чтобы удалить его."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Операци� разрешени� конфликтов не в проце��е выполнени�, не продолжаем."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<опции>] [<патч>…]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "неопознанна� опци� дл� пробелов «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "неопознанна� опци� дл� игнорировани� пробелов «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь подготовить регул�рное выражение дл� метки времени %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec возвратил %d дл� ввода: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "не удало�ь найти им� файла в �троке патча %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: плохой git-diff — ожидало�ь /dev/null, получено %s на �троке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: плохой git-diff — не �огла�ующее�� новое им� файла на �троке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: плохой git-diff — не �огла�ующее�� �тарое им� файла на �троке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: плохой git-diff  — ожидало�ь /dev/null на �троке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: не ожидаема� �трока: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "фрагмент изменений без заголовка на �троке %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname"
+" component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname"
+" components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] "заголовок git diff не нашел информацию об имени файла при удалении %d ведущего компонента пути к файлу (�трока %d)"
+msgstr[1] "заголовок git diff не нашел информацию об имени файла при удалении %d ведущих компонент пути к файлу (�трока %d)"
+msgstr[2] "заголовок git diff не нашел информацию об имени файла при удалении %d ведущих компонент пути к файлу (�трока %d)"
+msgstr[3] "заголовок git diff не нашел информацию об имени файла при удалении %d ведущих компонент пути к файлу (�трока %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "новый файл зави�ит от �тарого �одержимого"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "удаленный файл в�е еще имеет �одержимое"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "патч поврежден на �троке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "новый файл %s зави�ит от �тарого �одержимого"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "удаленный файл %s в�е еще имеет �одержимое"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** предупреждение: файл %s �тановит�� пу�тым, но не удал�ет��"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "поврежденный двоичный патч на �троке %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "неопознанный двоичный патч на �троке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "патч � му�ором на �троке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать �имвольную ��ылку %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть или проче�ть %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "неправильное начало �троки: «%c»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Ча�ть #%d у�пешно применена на %d (�о �двигом в %d �троку)."
+msgstr[1] "Ча�ть #%d у�пешно применена на %d (�о �двигом в %d �троки)."
+msgstr[2] "Ча�ть #%d у�пешно применена на %d (�о �двигом в %d �трок)."
+msgstr[3] "Ча�ть #%d у�пешно применена на %d (�о �двигом в %d �трок)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Контек�т �ужен до (%ld/%ld), чтобы применить фрагмент на %d �троке"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr "при пои�ке:\n%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "пропущены данные двоичного патча дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь применить двоичный патч к «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "по�ле применени� двоичного патча дл� «%s» был получен неправильный результат (ожидало�ь %s, получено %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "ошибка применени� изменений: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь переключить �о�то�ние на %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "ошибка чтени� %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "чтение из «%s» за �имволиче�кой ��ылкой"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "путь %s был переименован/удален"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: нет в индек�е"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: не �овпадает � индек�ом"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "патч удалени� не удалил �одержимое файла"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: неправильный тип"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s имеет тип %o, а ожидал�� %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "неправильный путь «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: уже �одержит�� в индек�е"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: уже �одержит�� в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "новый режим до�тупа (%o) дл� %s не �оответ�твует �тарому режиму до�тупа (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "новый режим до�тупа (%o) дл� %s не �оответ�твует �тарому режиму до�тупа (%o) дл� %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "затронутый файл «%s» находит�� за �имволиче�кой ��ылкой"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: не удало�ь применить патч"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Проверка патча %s…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "�бой make_cache_entry дл� пути «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "не удало�ь удалить %s из индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "поврежденный патч дл� подмодул� %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить stat дл� �озданного файла «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать в�помогательный файл дл� �озданного файла %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать запи�ь в к�ше дл� %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "закрытие файла «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать файл «%s» � режимом до�тупа %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Патч %s применен без ошибок."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "внутренн�� ошибка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Применение патча %%s � %d отказом…"
+msgstr[1] "Применение патча %%s � %d отказами…"
+msgstr[2] "Применение патча %%s � %d отказами…"
+msgstr[3] "Применение патча %%s � %d отказами…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "у�ечение имени .rej файла до %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть %s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Блок №%d применен без ошибок."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Блок №%d отклонен."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "Патч «%s» пропущен."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "не ра�познанный ввод"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать файл индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "не примен�ть изменени� по указанному пути"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "примен�ть изменени� по указанному пути"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "удалить <количе�тво> ведущих ко�ых черт из традиционных путей �пи�ка изменений"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "игнорировать добавлени�, �деланные �тим патчем"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "вме�то применени� патча выве�ти �тати�тику добавлений и удалений дл� ввода"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "показать количе�тво добавленных и удаленных �трок в де��тичном пред�тавлении"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "вме�то применени� патча выве�ти �тати�тику изменений дл� ввода"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "вме�то применени� патча проверить подходит ли он"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "проверить, что патч примен�ет�� к текущему индек�у"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "применить патч, не измен�� рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "прин�ть патч, который затрагивает файлы за рабочим каталогом"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "а также применить патч (и�пользуйте � --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "попытать�� �делать трехходовое �ли�ние, е�ли патч не примен�ет��"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "по�троить временный индек�, о�нованный на в�троенной информации об индек�е"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "пути, отделённые �УЛЕВЫМ �имволом"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "удо�товерить��, что по крайней мере <n> �трок контек�та �овпадают"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "определ�ть новые или модифицированные �троки, у которых е�ть ошибки в пробельных �имволах"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "игнорировать изменени� в пробельных �имволах при пои�ке контек�та"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "применить патч � обращением изменений"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "не ожидать как минимум одной �троки контек�та"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "о�тавить отклоненные блоки изменений в �оответ�твующих *.rej файлах"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "разрешить перекрывающие�� блоки изменений"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "разрешить некорректно определенные пропущенные пу�тые �троки в конце файла"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "не довер�ть количе�тву �трок из заголовка блока изменений"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "добавить <корень> �переди ко в�ем именам файлов"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way вне репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index вне репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached вне репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть патч «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "пропущена %d ошибка в пробельных �имволах"
+msgstr[1] "пропущено %d ошибки в пробельных �имволах"
+msgstr[2] "пропущено %d ошибок в пробельных �имволах"
+msgstr[3] "пропущено %d ошибок в пробельных �имволах"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d �трока добавила ошибки в пробельных �имволах."
+msgstr[1] "%d �троки добавили ошибки в пробельных �имволах."
+msgstr[2] "%d �трок добавили ошибки в пробельных �имволах."
+msgstr[3] "%d �трок добавили ошибки в пробельных �имволах."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать файл архива «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "не удало�ь перенаправить вывод"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: внешний репозиторий без URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: ожидал�� ACK/NAK, а получен EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "ошибка внешнего репозитори�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: ошибка протокола"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: ожидал�� �бро� буфера"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "выполнить «git bisect next»"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "обновить BISECT_HEAD вме�то перехода на текущий коммит"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<опции>] [<опции-редакции>] [<редакци�>] [--] <файл>"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<опции-rev-list> документированы в git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "Про�мотр авторов �трок"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Показать запи�и автор�тва по�тепенно, в проце��е нахождени�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "�е показывать SHA-1 дл� коммитов, не вход�щих в границы запро�а (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "�е во�принимать корневые коммиты как граничные (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Показать �тати�тику ра�ходов на выполнение запро�а"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Принудительно выводить прогре�� выполнени�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Показать оценку дл� запи�ей автор�тва"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Показать оригинальное им� файла (По умолчанию: автоматиче�ки)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Показать оригинальные номера �трок (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Показать в формате дл� программного разбора"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Показать в машиночитаемом формате, � по�трочной информацией о коммите"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "И�пользовать такой же формат вывода, как и git-annotate (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Показать необработанные временные метки (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Показать длинный SHA1 идентификатор коммита (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "�е показывать им� автора и временные метки (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Показать почту автора вме�то имени (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Игнорировать различи� в пробелах"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Потратить больше времени, дл� нахождени� лучших �овпадений"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "И�пользовать редакции из <файла> вме�то вызова git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "И�пользовать �одержимое <файла> как финальный �нимок"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "мин-длина"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "�айти копирование �трок в пределах и между файлами"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "�айти перемещени� �трок в пределах и между файлами"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "начало,конец"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Обработать только �троки в диапазоне начало,конец, начина� � 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4 года и 11 ме��цев назад"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] [-l] [-f] <им�-ветки> [<точка-начала>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] [-r] (-d | -D) <им�-ветки>…"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] (-m | -M) [<�тара�-ветка>] <нова�-ветка>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr "удаление ветки «%s», котора� была �лита �\n         «%s», но не �лита � HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr "не удаление ветки «%s», котора� еще не �лита �\n         «%s», хот� уже �лита � HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти объект коммита дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr "Ветка «%s» не �лита полно�тью.\nЕ�ли вы уверены, что хотите ее удалить, запу�тите «git branch -D %s»."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь обновить файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "нельз� и�пользовать одновременно ключи -a и -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти объект коммита дл� HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "�ельз� удалить ветку «%s» т.к. она активна на «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "внешн�� от�леживаема� ветка «%s» не найдена."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "ветка «%s» не найдена."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Ошибка удалени� внешней от�леживаемой ветки «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Ошибка удалени� ветки «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Внешн�� от�леживаема� ветка %s удалена (была %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Ветка %s удалена (была %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: пропал]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: позади %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[позади %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: впереди %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[впереди %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: впереди %d, позади %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[впереди %d, позади %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** недей�твительна� ��ылка ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(нет ветки, перемещение %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(нет ветки, двоичный пои�к начат на %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD отделён на %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD отделён начина� � %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(нет ветки)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "Производит�� перемещение ветки %s на %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "Производит�� двоичный пои�к в ветке %s на %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "невозможно переименовать текущую ветку, е�ли вы не находите�ь ни на одной из них."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "�едей�твительное им� ветки: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Сбой переименовани� ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Переименована неправильно названна� ветка «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Ветка переименована в %s, но HEAD не обновлен!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Ветка переименована, но произошел �бой обновлени� файла конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать шаблон опи�ани� ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Общие параметры"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "показывать х�ш-�умму и тему, укажите дважды дл� выше�то�щей ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "не выводить информационные �ообщени�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "у�тановить режим от�леживани� выше�то�щей ветки (�м. git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "изменить информацию о выше�то�щей ветке"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "выше�то�ща�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "изменить информацию о выше�то�щей ветке"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "и�пользовать цветной вывод"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "выполнить дей�тви� на от�леживаемых внешних ветках"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "вывод только веток, которые �одержат коммит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Специфичные дл� git-branch дей�тви�:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "показать �пи�ок и от�леживаемых и локальных веток"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "удалить полно�тью �литую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "удалить ветку (даже никуда не �литую)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "переме�тить/переименовать ветки и ее журнал ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "переме�тить/переименовать ветку, даже е�ли целевое им� уже �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "показать �пи�ок имен веток"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "�оздать журнал ��ылок ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "изменить опи�ание ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "принудительное �оздание, перемещение или удаление ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "вывод только �литых веток"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "вывод только не �литых веток"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "показать �пи�ок веток по �толбцам"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "ключ"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "им� пол�, по которому выполнить �ортировку"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "объект"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "вывод только веток, определенного объекта"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь определить HEAD как дей�твительную ��ылку."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD не найден в refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column и --verbose нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "требует�� им� ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "�ельз� дать опи�ание отделённому HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "нельз� изменить опи�ание более одной ветки за раз"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Еще нет коммита на ветке «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "�ет ветки � именем «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "�лишком много веток дл� операции переименовани�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "�лишком много веток дл� указани� новых выше�то�щих"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "невозможно у�тановить выше�то�щий репозиторий дл� HEAD на %s, так как он не указывает ни на одну ветку."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "нет такой ветки «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "ветка «%s» не �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "�лишком много веток дл� убирани� выше�то�щих"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "невозможно убрать выше�то�щий репозиторий дл� HEAD, так как он не указывает ни на одну ветку."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Ветка «%s» не имеет информации о выше�то�щей ветке"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "не имеет �мы�ла �оздавать «HEAD» вручную"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr "параметры -a и -r дл� «git branch» не имеют �мы�ла � указанием имени ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using "
+"--track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr "Флаг --set-upstream у�тарел и будет удален в будущем. Вме�то него и�пользуйте --track или --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "\nЕ�ли вы хотите, чтобы «%s» от�леживала «%s», �делайте �ледующее:\n\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s в пор�дке\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Требует�� репозиторий дл� �оздани� пакета."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Требует�� репозиторий дл� ра�паковки."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-"
+"type]|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|<тип>|--textconv) <объект>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<тип> может быть одним из: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "показать тип объекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "показать размер объекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "выйти � нулевым кодом возврата, е�ли нет ошибки"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "�труктурированный вывод �одержимого объекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "запу�тить texconv на �одержимом двоичных объектов "
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "разрешить -s и -t работать � повреждёнными объектами"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "буфферировать вывод --batch"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "показать информацию и �одержимое объектов, переданных из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "показать информацию об объектах, переданных из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr "переходить по �имвольным ��ылкам внутри дерева (и�пользует�� � опци�ми --batch и --batch-check)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "показать в�е объекты � опци�ми --batch или --batch-check"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <атрибут>…] [--] <путь>…"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <атрибут>…]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "выве�ти в�е атрибуты у�тановленные дл� файла"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "и�пользовать только .gitattributes из индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать имена файлов из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "окончание ввода и вывода запи�ей по �УЛЕВОМУ �имволу"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "не выводить прогре�� выполнени�"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "показать не �овпадающие введенные пути"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "игнорировать индек� при проверке"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "нельз� указывать пути вме�те � параметром --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z имеет �мы�л только вме�те � параметром --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "не указан путь"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet можно и�пользовать только при указании одного пути"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "нельз� и�пользовать одновременно --quiet и --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching можно и�пользовать только вме�те � --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<опции>] <контакт>…"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "также читать контакты из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать контакт: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "не указаны контакты"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<опции>] [--] [<файл>…]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "индек� должен быть между 1 и 3 или all"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "переключить�� на �о�то�ние в�ех файлов из индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "принудительна� перезапи�ь �уще�твующих файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "не выводить предупреждени� дл� �уще�твующих и непроиндек�ированных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "не �оздавать новые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "обновить �тати�тику до�тупа в файле индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "прочитать �пи�ок путей из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "запи�ать �одержимое во временные файлы"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "�трока"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "добавить �переди <�троку> при �оздании файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "копировать файлы из указанного индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<опции>] <ветка>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<опции>] [<ветка>] -- <файл>…"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не имеет нашей вер�ии"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не имеет их вер�ии"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не имеет в�ех необходимых вер�ий"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не имеет необходимых вер�ий"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "путь «%s»: не удало�ь �лить"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь добавить результат �ли�ни� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "«%s» нельз� и�пользовать при обновлении путей"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "«%s» нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "�ельз� обновл�ть пути и переключать�� на ветку «%s» одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "файл индек�а поврежден"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не �лит"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "�начала нужно разрешить конфликты в вашем текущем индек�е"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �оздать журнал ��ылок дл� «%s»: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD �ейча� на"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "не удало�ь обновить HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Сбро� ветки «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Уже на «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Переключение и �бро� ветки «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Переключено на новую ветку «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Переключено на ветку «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " … и еще %d.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] "Предупреждение: вы о�тавл�ете позади %d коммит не �оединенную ни � одной из ваших веток:\n\n%s\n"
+msgstr[1] "Предупреждение: вы о�тавл�ете позади %d коммита не �оединенные ни � одной из ваших веток:\n\n%s\n"
+msgstr[2] "Предупреждение: вы о�тавл�ете позади %d коммитов не �оединенные ни � одной из ваших веток:\n\n%s\n"
+msgstr[3] "Предупреждение: вы о�тавл�ете позади %d коммитов не �оединенные ни � одной из ваших веток:\n\n%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] "Е�ли вы хотите �охранить их � помощью �оздани� новой ветки, то �ейча� �амое врем�\n�делать �то � помощью:\n\n git branch <им�-новой-ветки> %s\n"
+msgstr[1] "Е�ли вы хотите �охранить их � помощью �оздани� новой ветки, то �ейча� �амое врем�\n�делать �то � помощью:\n\n git branch <им�-новой-ветки> %s\n"
+msgstr[2] "Е�ли вы хотите �охранить их � помощью �оздани� новой ветки, то �ейча� �амое врем�\n�делать �то � помощью:\n\n git branch <им�-новой-ветки> %s\n"
+msgstr[3] "Е�ли вы хотите �охранить их � помощью �оздани� новой ветки, то �ейча� �амое врем�\n�делать �то � помощью:\n\n git branch <им�-новой-ветки> %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "внутренн�� ошибка при хождении по редакци�м"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Предыдуща� позици� HEAD была"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Вы находите�ь на еще не �озданной ветке"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "ожидает�� только одна ��ылка, а передано %d."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "неправильна� ��ылка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "в дереве нет такой ��ылки: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "нельз� и�пользовать пути при переключении веток"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "нельз� и�пользовать «%s» при переключении веток"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "«%s» нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "�ельз� переключить ветку на не коммит «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "ветка"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "�оздать и переключить�� на новую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "�оздать/�бро�ить и перключить�� на новую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "�оздать журнал ��ылок дл� новой ветки"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "от�оединить HEAD на указанном коммите"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "у�тановить информацию о выше�то�щей ветке дл� новой ветки"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "нова�-ветка"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "нова� ветка без родителей"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "переключить�� на нашу вер�ию дл� не �литых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "переключить�� на их вер�ию дл� не �литых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "принудительное переключение на �о�то�ние (отбра�ывает в�е локальные изменени�)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "выполнить трехходовое �ли�ние � новой веткой"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "обновить игнорируемые файлы (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "�тиль"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "�тиль конфликтов �ли�ни� (merge или diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "не ограничивать �пецификаторы пути только ча�тичными запи��ми"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "пере�мотр «git checkout <нет-такой-ветки>»"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr "не провер�ть, что другое дерево уже �одержит указанную ��ылку"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "принудительно выводить прогре��"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B и --orphan нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track требует им� ветки"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Пропущено им� ветки; попробуйте -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "неправильна� �пецификаци� пути"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr "�ельз� обновить пути и одновременно переключить�� на ветку «%s».\nВы хотели переключить�� на «%s», что не может быть определено как коммит?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach не принимает путь «%s» как аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge нельз� и�пользовать одновременно при применении �о�то�ни� индек�а."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <шаблон>] [-x | -X] [--] <пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Удаление %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Будет удалено %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Пропу�к репозитори� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Будет пропущен репозиторий %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "�бой удалени� %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr "Справка по выделению:\n1          - выбрать указанный �лемент\nfoo        - выбрать �лемент � указанным префик�ом\n           - (пу�то) не выбирать ничего"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr "Справка по выделению:\n1          - выбрать один �лемент\n3-5        - выбрать диапазон �лементов\n2-3,6-9    - выбрать не�колько диапазонов\nfoo        - выбрать �лемент � указанным префик�ом\n-…       - убрать выделение � указанных �лементов\n*          - выбрать в�е �лементы\n           - (пу�то) завершить выделение"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Хм (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Шаблоны игнорировани� ввода>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕ�ИЕ: �е удало�ь найти �лементы �оответ�твующие: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Укажите �лементы дл� удалени�"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Удалить %s [y - да/N - нет]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "До �видани�."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr "clean               - начать очи�тку\nfilter by pattern   - и�ключить удаление �лементов\nselect by numbers   - и�ключить удаление �лементов по номерам\nask each            - запрашивать подтверждение на удаление каждого �лемента (как «rm -i»)\nquit                - прекратить очи�тку\nhelp                - �тот �кран\n?                   - �правка по выделению"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Команды ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Что теперь"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Удалить �ледующие �лементы:"
+msgstr[1] "Удалить �ледующие �лементы:"
+msgstr[2] "Удалить �ледующие �лементы:"
+msgstr[3] "Удалить �ледующие �лементы:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Больше нет файлов дл� очи�тки, выходим."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "не выводить имена удал�емых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "принудительно"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "интерактивна� очи�тка"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "удалить каталоги полно�тью"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "шаблон"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "добавить <шаблон> в правила игнорировани�"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "также удалить игнорируемые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "удалить только игнорируемые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "нельз� и�пользовать одновременно -x и -X"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to"
+" clean"
+msgstr "clean.requireForce у�тановлен как true и ни одна из опций -i, -n или -f не указана; отказ очи�тки"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr "clean.requireForce у�тановлен по умолчанию как true и ни одна из опций -i, -n или -f не указана; отказ очи�тки"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<опции>] [--] <репозиторий> [<каталог>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "не переключать рабочую копию на HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "�оздать голый репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "�оздать зеркало репозитори� (включает в �еб� и параметр bare)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "дл� клонировани� из локального репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "не и�пользовать же�ткие ��ылки, в�егда копировать файлы"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "на�троить как общедо�тупный репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "инициализировать подмодули в клоне"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "количе�тво подмодулей, которые будут клонированы парралельно"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "каталог-шаблонов"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "каталог, шаблоны из которого будут и�пользованы"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "��ылаемый репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "и�пользуйте --reference только при клонировании"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "им�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "и�пользовать <им�> вме�то «origin» дл� от�леживани� выше�то�щего репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "переключить�� на <ветку>, вме�то HEAD внешнего репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "путь к git-upload-pack на внешнем репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "глубина"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "�делать ча�тичный клон указанной глубины"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "клонировать только одну ветку, HEAD или --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "в�е �клонированные подмодули будут ча�тичными клонами"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "каталог-git"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "разме�тить каталог git отдельно от рабочей копии"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "ключ=значение"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "у�тановить параметры внутри нового репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "и�пользовать только IPv4 адре�а"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "и�пользовать только IPv6 адре�а"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr "Им� каталога не может быть угадано.\nУкажите им� каталога � помощью параметра командной �троки"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr "��ылаемый репозиторий «%s» как �в�занное �о�то�ние, пока не поддерживает��."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "��ылаемый репозиторий «%s» не �вл�ет�� локальным."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "��ылаемый репозиторий «%s» �вл�ет�� ча�тичным"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "��ылаемый репозиторий «%s» �вл�ет�� �ращенным"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s уже �уще�твует и не �вл�ет�� каталогом"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить stat %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать ��ылку «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь копировать файл в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "готово.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr "Клонирование прошло у�пешно, но во врем� переключени� �о�то�ни� произошла ошибка.\nС помощь команды «git status» вы можете про�мотреть, какие файлы были обновлены, а повторить попытку переключени� на ветку � помощью «git checkout -f HEAD»\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти внешнюю ветку %s дл� клонировани�."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Проверка �оединени�… "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "внешний репозиторий при�лал не в�е необходимые объекты"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь обновить %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr "внешний HEAD ��ылает�� на не�уще�твующую ��ылку, нельз� переключить�� на такую вер�ию.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "не удало�ь переключить�� на вер�ию в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать параметры в файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить перепаковку дл� очи�тки"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь от�оединить временные альтернативные файлы"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Слишком много аргументов."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Вы должны указать репозиторий дл� клонировани�."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare и --origin %s нельз� и�пользовать одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare и --separate-git-dir нельз� и�пользовать одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "репозиторий «%s» не �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "глубина %s не �вл�ет�� положительным чи�лом"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "целевой путь «%s» уже �уще�твует и не �вл�ет�� пу�тым каталогом."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "рабочий каталог «%s» уже �уще�твует."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать родитель�кие каталоги дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать рабочий каталог «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Клонирование в голый репозиторий «%s»…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Клонирование в «%s»…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth игнорирует�� на локальных клонах; вме�то �того и�пользуйте file://."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "и�ходный репозиторий �вл�ет�� ча�тичным, --local игнорирует��"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local игнорирует��"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "�е знаю как клонировать %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Внешн�� ветка %s не найдена в выше�то�щем репозитории %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Похоже, что вы клонировали пу�той репозиторий."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "запро�ить переменные конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "и�пользовать �хему ра�положени�"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Мак�имальна� ширина"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Ра��то�ние от�тупа �лева"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Ра��то�ние от�тупа �права"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Ра��то�ние от�тупа между колонками"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "параметр --command должен быть первым"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<опции>] [--] <�пецификаци�-пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<опции>] [--] <�пецификаци�-пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr "Ваше им� или �лектронна� почта на�троены автоматиче�ки на о�новании вашего\nимени пользовател� и имени машины. Пожалуй�та, проверьте, что они \nопределены правильно.\nВы можете отключить �то уведомление у�тановив их напр�мую. Запу�тите �ледующую\nкоманду и �ледуйте ин�трукци�м вашего тек�тового редактора, дл�\nредактировани� вашего файла конфигурации:\n\n    git config --global --edit\n\nПо�ле �того, изменить автор�тво �той коммита можно будет � помощью команды:\n\n    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr "Ваше им� или �лектронна� почта на�троены автоматиче�ки на о�новании вашего\nимени пользовател� и имени машины. Пожалуй�та, проверьте, что они \nопределены правильно.\nВы можете отключить �то уведомление у�тановив их напр�мую:\n\n    git config --global user.name \"Ваше Им�\"\n    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n\nПо�ле �того, изменить автор�тво �той коммита можно будет � помощью команды:\n\n    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr "Вы попро�или и�править по�ледний коммит, но дела� �то вы �делаете\nпу�той коммит. Вы можете повторить �ту команду � опцией --allow-empty\nили вы можете удалить коммит полно�тью � помощью команды \n«git reset HEAD^».\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "Предыдущий отбор лучшего теперь пу�т, возможно по�ле разрешени� конфликтов.\nЕ�ли вы в�е равно хотите �делать пу�той коммит, и�пользуйте:\n\n    git commit --allow-empty\n\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "В противном �лучае, и�пользуйте «git reset»\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr "Е�ли вы хотите пропу�тит �тот коммит, и�пользуйте команду:\n\n    git reset\n\nПо�ле �того «git cherry-pick --continue» продолжит отбор лучшего\nв о�тавших�� коммитах.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "�бой ра�паковки объекта дерева HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать временный индек�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "�бой интерактивного добавлени�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "не удало�ь обновить временный индек�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Сбой при обновлении о�новного к�ша дерева"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать файл new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "нельз� �оздать ча�тичный коммит во врем� �ли�ни�."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "нельз� �оздать ча�тичный коммит во врем� отбора лучшего коммита."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать индек�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать временный файл индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "у коммита «%s» от�ут�твует автор в заголовке"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "у коммита «%s» �трока автора в неправильном формате"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "параметр --author в неправильном формате"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "неправильный формат даты: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr "нельз� выбрать �имвол комментари�, который\nне и�пользует�� в текущем �ообщении коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запро�ить коммит %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(чтение файла журнала из �тандартного ввода)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать файл журнала из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать файл журнала «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать шаблон опи�ани� коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr "\nПохоже, что вы пытаете�ь закоммитить �ли�ние.\nЕ�ли �то ошибка, пожалуй�та удалите файл\n\t%s\nи попробуйте �нова.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr "\nПохоже, что вы пытаете�ь закоммитить отбор лучшего.\nЕ�ли �то ошибка, пожалуй�та удалите файл\n\t%s\nи попробуйте �нова.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr "Пожалуй�та, введите �ообщение коммита дл� ваших изменений. Строки,\nначинающие�� � «%c» будут проигнорированы, а пу�тое �ообщение\nотмен�ет проце�� коммита.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr "Пожалуй�та, введите �ообщение коммита дл� ваших изменений. Строки,\nначинающие�� � «%c» будут о�тавлены; вы можете удалить их вручную,\nе�ли хотите. Пу�тое �ообщение отмен�ет проце�� коммита.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%s�втор:     %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sДата:      %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sКоммитер:  %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прочитать индек�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Ошибка при по�троении деревьев"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Пожалуй�та, укажите �ообщение, при указании опций -m или -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr "--author «%s» не в формате «Им� <почта>» и не �овпадает � �уще�твующим автором"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "�еправильный режим неот�леживаемых файлов «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long и -z нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Указание одновременно опций --reset-author и --author не имеет �мы�ла"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "�ечего и�правл�ть."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Вы в проце��е �ли�ни� —  �ейча� нельз� и�правл�ть."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Вы в проце��е отбора лучшего —  �ейча� нельз� и�правл�ть."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Опции --squash и --fixup не могут и�пользовать�� одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Может и�пользовать�� только одна из опций -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Опци� -m не может и�пользовать�� � -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author может и�пользовать�� только одновременно � опци�ми -C, -c или --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr "Может и�пользовать�� только одна из опций --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Указание путей каталогов � опци�ми --include/--only не имеет �мы�ла."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Умно… отмена по�леднего � измененным индек�ом."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Пути �вно указаны пути без опций -i или -o; предполагаю опцию --only…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "�еправильное значение режима очи�тки %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "С опцией -a указание пути не имеет �мы�ла."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "кратко показать �тату�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "показать информацию о вер�ии"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "машиночитаемый вывод"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "показать �тату� в длинном формате (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "завершать запи�и �УЛЕВЫМ байтом"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "режим"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr "показать неот�леживаемые файлы, опциональные режимы: all (в�е), normal (как обычно), no (нет). (По умолчанию: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "показать игнорируемые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "когда"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr "игнорировать изменени� в подмодул�х, опционально когда: all (в�егда), dirty (измененные), untracked (неот�леживаемые). (По умолчанию: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "показать неот�леживаемые файлы по �толбцам"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "нельз� запро�ить ново�озданный коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "нельз� разобрать ново�озданный коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "отделённый HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (корневой коммит)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "не выводить �водку по�ле у�пешного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "добавить �пи�ок изменений в шаблон �ообщени� коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Опции �ообщени� коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "прочитать �ообщение из файла"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "автор"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "подменить автора коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "дата"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "подменить дату коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "�ообщение"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "�ообщение коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "и�пользовать и отредактировать �ообщение от указанного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "и�пользовать �ообщение указанного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr "и�пользовать форматированное �ообщение автоуплотнени� дл� и�правлени� указанного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr "и�пользовать форматированное �ообщение автоуплотнени� дл� уплотнени� указанного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "коммит теперь за моим автор�твом (� и�пользованием -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "добавить Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "и�пользовать указанный файл шаблона"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "принудительно редактировать коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "по-умолчанию"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "как удал�ть пробелы и #комментарии из �ообщени� коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "включить �тату� файлов в шаблон �ообщени� коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "подпи�ать коммит � помощью GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Опции �одержимого коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "закоммитить в�е измененные файлы"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "добавить указанные файлы в индек� дл� коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "интерактивное добавление файлов"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "интерактивное добавление изменений"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "закоммитить только указанные файлы"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "пропу�тить перехватчик перед-коммитом"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "показать, что будет закоммичено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "и�править предыдущий коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "пропу�тить перехватчик по�ле-перезапи�и"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "разрешить запи�ь пу�того коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "разрешить запи�ь изменений � пу�тым �ообщением"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать HEAD коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Файл MERGE_HEAD поврежден (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть �ообщение коммита: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Отмена коммита; вы не изменили �ообщение.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Отмена коммита из-за пу�того �ообщени� коммита.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr "Репозиторий был обновлен, но не удало�ь запи�ать файл new_index. Удо�товерьте�ь, что на ди�ке е�ть �вободное ме�то и квота не и�черпана, а по�ле �того запу�тите «git reset HEAD» дл� во��тановлени�."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Размещение файла конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "и�пользовать глобальный файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "и�пользовать �и�темный файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "и�пользовать файл конфигурации репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "и�пользовать указанный файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "идент-двоичн-объекта"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "прочитать на�тройки из указанного двоичного объекта"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Дей�твие"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "получить значение: им� [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "получить в�е значени�: ключ [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "получить значени� по шаблону: шаблон-имен [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "получить значение, �пецифичное дл� URL: раздел[.переменна�] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "заменить в�е �оответ�твующие переменные: им� значение [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "добавить новую переменную: им� значение"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "удалить переменную: им� [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "удалить в�е �овпадающие: им� [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "переименовать раздел: �тарое-им� новое-им�"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "удалить раздел: им�"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "показать ве�ь �пи�ок"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "открыть в редакторе"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "найти на�троенный цвет: раздел [по-умолчанию]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "проверить, �уще�твует ли на�троенный цвет: раздел [stdout-е�ть-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Тип"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "значение — �то «true» (правда) или «false» (ложь)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "значение — �то де��тичное чи�ло"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "значение — �то --bool или --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "значение — �то путь (к файлу или каталогу)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Другое"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "завершать значени� �УЛЕВЫМ байтом"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "показывать только имена переменных"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "учитывать директивы include (включени� файлов) при запро�е"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr "показать и�точник на�тройки (файл, �тандартный ввод, двоичный объект, командна� �трока)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "не удало�ь разобрать значение цвета по умолчанию"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr "# Это файл конфигурации пользовател� Git.\n[user]\n# Пожалуй�та, адаптируйте и ра�комментируйте �ледующие �троки:\n#\tuser = %s\n#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать файл конфигурации %s"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "вывод размеров в удобочитаемом дл� человека виде"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<опции>] [<указатель-коммита>…]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<опции>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "аннотированна� метка %s не до�тупна"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "аннотированна� метка %s не �одержит в�троенного названи�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "метка «%s» уже зде�ь «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "�едей�твительное им� объекта %s"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s не �вл�ет�� дей�твительным объектом «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "нет меток, точно �оответ�твующих «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "пои�к опи�ани� дл� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "пои�к окончен на %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr "�ет аннотированных меток, которые могут опи�ать «%s».\n�о имеют�� неаннотированные метки: попробуйте добавить параметр --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr "�ет меток, которые могут опи�ать «%s….\nПопробуйте добавить параметр --always или �оздать какие-нибудь метки."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "по�ещено %lu коммитов\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr "более %i меток найдено; показано по�ледние %i\nо�тановлен пои�к по�ле %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "пои�к метки, котора� идет по�ле коммита"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "вывод отладочной информации �тратегии пои�ка на �тандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "и�пользовать любую ��ылку"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "и�пользовать любую метку, даже неаннотированную"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "в�егда и�пользовать длинный формат вывода"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "�ледовать только за первым родителем"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "выводить только точные �овпадени�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "ра��матривать по�ледние <n> меток (по умолчанию: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "ра��матривать только метки по <шаблону>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "е�ли не найдено, показать �окращенный номер редакции коммита"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "пометка"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "добавить <пометку> при измененном рабочем каталоге (по умолчанию: «-dirty»)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long не�овме�тимо � --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Имена не найдены, не могу ничего опи�ать."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty не�овме�тимо � указанием указателей коммитов"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "«%s»: не �вл�ет�� обычным файлом или �имвольной ��ылкой"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "неправильный параметр: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "�е �вл�ет�� репозиторием git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "передан неправильный объект «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "передано больше двух двоичных объектов: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "передан необработанный объект «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [опции-rev-list]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "показать прогре�� по�ле <n> объектов"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "выбор обработки подпи�анных меток"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "выбор обработки меток, которыми помечены отфильтрованные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Запи�ать пометки в �тот файл"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Импортировать пометки из �того файла"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Подделать автора метки, е�ли у метки он от�ут�твует"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Выве�ти полное дерево дл� каждого коммита"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "И�пользовать пометку завершени� в конце потока"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Пропу�тить вывод данных двоичных объектов"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "�пецификаци� ��ылки"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Применить �пецификацию ��ылки к �к�портируемым ��ылкам"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "�делать вывод анонимным"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<опции>] [<репозиторий> [<�пецификаци�-��ылки>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<опции>] <группа>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<опции>] [(<репозиторий> | <группа>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "извлечь �о в�ех внешних репозиториев"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "допи�ать к .git/FETCH_HEAD вме�то перезапи�и"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "путь к программе упаковки пакета на машине � внешним репозиторием"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "принудительна� перезапи�ь локальной ветки"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "извлечь � не�кольких внешних репозиториев"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "извлечь в�е метки и �в�занные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "не извлекать в�е метки (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "количе�тво подмодулей, которые будут �качаны парралельно"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "почи�тить от�леживаемые внешние ветки, которых уже нет на внешнем репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "по требованию"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "управление рекур�ивным извлечением подмодулей"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "о�тавить загруженный пакет данных"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "разрешить обновление ��ылки HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "глубока� и�тори� ча�тичного клона"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "преобразовать в полный репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "каталог"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "при�оедин�ть �то �переди к выводу путей подмодул�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "режим по умолчанию дл� рекур�ии"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "принимать ��ылки, которые обновл�ют .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "�оответ�твие-��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "указать �оответ�твие ��ылок при извлечении"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти ��ылку HEAD на внешнем репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "объект %s не найден"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[актуально]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s → %s  (не удало�ь извлечь в текущую ветку)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[отклонено]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[обновление метки]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (не удало�ь обновить локальную ��ылку)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[нова� метка]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[нова� ветка]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[нова� ��ылка]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "не удало�ь обновить локальную ��ылку"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "принудительное обновление"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(без перемотки вперед)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s не отправил в�е необходимые объекты\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "%s отклонено из-за того, что ча�тичные корни не разрешено обновл�ть"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Из %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr "не удало�ь обновить некоторые локальные ��ылки; попробуйте запу�тить «git remote prune %s», чтобы почи�тить �тарые, конфликтующие ветки"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s будет ви��щей веткой)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s �тала ви��щей веткой)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[удалено]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(нет)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Отказ получени� в текущую ветку %s не голого репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "�еправильное значение «%2$s» дл� параметра «%1$s» дл� %3$s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Параметр «%s» игнорирует�� дл� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "�е знаю как извлечь � %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Извлечение из %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь извлечь %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr "�е указан внешний репозиторий. Укажите URL или им� внешнего репозитори� из которого должны извлекать�� новые редакции."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Вам нужно указать им� метки."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "нельз� и�пользовать одновременно --depth и --unshallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow не имеет �мы�ла на полном репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all не принимает им� репозитори� как аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all не имеет �мы�ла при указании �пецификаций ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "�ет такого внешнего репозитори� или группы: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Получение группы и указание �пецификаций ��ылок не имеет �мы�ла"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <�ообщение>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <файл>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "отправить в журнал <n> запи�ей из короткого журнала"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "�окращение дл� --log (у�таревшее)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "тек�т"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "и�пользовать <тек�т> как начальное �ообщение"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "файл дл� чтени�"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<опции>] [<шаблон>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points-at <объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<объект>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<объект>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "выводить указатели ме�та заполнени� в подход�щем формате дл� командного проце��ора"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "выводить указатели ме�та заполнени� в подход�щем формате дл� perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "выводить указатели ме�та заполнени� в подход�щем формате дл� python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "выводить указатели ме�та заполнени� в подход�щем формате дл� Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "показать только <n> �овпадающих ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "и�пользовать формат дл� вывода"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "вывод только ��ылок, которые указывают на переданный объект"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "вывод только �литых ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "вывод только не �литых ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "вывод только ��ылок, которые �одержат коммит"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Проверка �оединени�"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Проверка каталогов объектов"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<опции>] [<объект>…]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "показать недо�тупные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "показать объекты, на которые нет ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "выве�ти отчет по меткам"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "выве�ти отчет по корневым узлам"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "во�принимать объекты в индек�е как корневые узлы"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "�оздать корневые узлы журналов ��ылок (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "также провер�ть пакеты и альтернативные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "только проверить �оединение"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "и�пользовать более �трогую проверку"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "запи�ать объекты на которые нет ��ылок в .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "показать прогре�� выполнени�"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Проверка объектов"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "�едей�твительный %s: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "�лишком длинный путь к каталогу объекта %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "По�ледний запу�к gc �ообщил �ледующее. Пожалуй�та, и�правьте ошибку и удалите %s.\n�втоматиче�ка� очи�тка репозитори� не будет производить��, пока �тот файл не удалён.\n\n%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "почи�тить объекты, на которые нет ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "провер�ть более внимательно (занимает больше времени)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "включить режим auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "принудительно запу�тить gc, даже е�ть друга� копи� gc уже запущена"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "�втоматиче�ка� упаковка репозитори� в фоне, дл� оптимальной производительно�ти.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "�втоматиче�ка� упаковка репозитори�, дл� оптимальной производительно�ти.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Смотрите «git help gc» руковод�тва по ручной очи�тке.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr "gc уже запущен на �том компьютере «%s» pid %<PRIuMAX> (е�ли нет, и�пользуйте --force)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove "
+"them."
+msgstr "Имеет�� �лишком много объектов, на которые нет ��ылок; запу�тите «git prune» дл� их удалени�."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<опции>] [-e] <шаблон> [<редакци�>…] [[--] <путь>…]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: �бой �оздани� потока: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "указано недопу�тимое количе�тво потоков (%d) дл� %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать дерево (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить grep из объекта типа %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "параметр «%c» ожидает чи�ловое значение"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "и�кать в индек�е, а не в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "и�кать в �одержимом не управл�емым git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "и�кать и в от�леживаемых, и в неот�леживаемых файлах"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "игнорировать файлы указанные в «.gitignore»"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "и�кать в не�овпадающих �троках"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "без учета реги�тра"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "и�кать �овпадени� шаблона только на границах �лов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "обработка двоичных файлов как тек�та"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "не и�кать �овпадени� шаблона в двоичных файлах"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "обрабатывать�� двоичные файлы � помощью фильтров textconv"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "на глубине мак�иму <глубина> уровней"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "и�пользовать ра�ширенные регул�рные выражени� POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "и�пользовать базовые регул�рные выражени� POSIX (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "интерпретировать шаблоны как фик�ированные �троки"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "и�пользовать Perl-�овме�тимые регул�рные выражени�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "выве�ти номера �трок"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "не выводить имена файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "выводить имена файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "выводить имена файлов отно�ительно каталога репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "выводить только имена файлов, а не �овпадающие �троки"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "�иноним дл� --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "выводить только не�овпадающие имена файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "выводить двоичный �ОЛЬ по�ле �пи�ка имен файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "выводить количе�тво �овпадений, а не �овпадающие �троки"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "под�вечивать �овпадени�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "выводить пу�тую �троку по�ле �овпадений из разных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "выводить им� файла только раз на не�колько �овпадений в одном файле"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "показать <n> �трок контек�та перед и по�ле �овпадени�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "показать <n> �трок контек�та перед �овпадением"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "показать <n> �трок контек�та по�ле �овпадени�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "и�пользовать <кол> рабочих потоков"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "тоже, что и -C КОЛИЧЕСТВО"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "показать �троку � именем функции перед �овпадением"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "показать окружающую функцию"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "прочитать шаблоны из файла"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "пои�к �оответ�твий � <шаблоном>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "объединить шаблоны указанные � помощью -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "ничего не выводить, указать на �овпадение � помощью кода выхода"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "показать только �овпадени� из файлов в которых �овпадают в�е шаблоны"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "показать дерево разбора дл� выражени� пои�ка"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "пейджер"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "показать �овпадающие файлы � помощью программы-пейджера"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "разрешить вызов grep(1) (игнорирует�� в �той �борке)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "не задан шаблон."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "указано неправильное количе�тво потоков (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager работает только в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached или --untracked нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index или --untracked нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � указанием редакции."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard не может и�пользовать�� дл� от�леживаемого �одержимого."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "указано одновременно --cached и дерево."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git hash-object [-t <тип>] [-w] [--path=<файл> | --no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <файл>…"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "тип"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "тип объекта"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "запи�ь объекта в базу данных объектов"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать объект из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "�охранить файл без и�пользовани� фильтров"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr "х�шировать любой му�ор и �оздавать поврежденные объекты дл� отладки Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "обработать файл так, будто он находит�� по указанному пути"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "выве�ти �пи�ок в�ех до�тупных команд"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "выве�ти �пи�ок полезных руковод�тв"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "открыть руковод�тво в формате man"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "открыть руковод�тво в веб-браузере"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "открыть руковод�тво в формате info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<команда>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "неопознанный формат руковод�тва «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Сбой при запу�ке emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Сбой при определении вер�ии emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "вер�и� emacsclient «%d» �лишком �тара� (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "�бой при запу�ке «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr "«%s»: путь дл� неподдерживаемой программы про�мотра man.\nВме�то �того и�пользуйте «man.<программа>.cmd»."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr "«%s»: команда дл� неподдерживаемой программы про�мотра man.\nВме�то �того и�пользуйте «man.<программа>.path»."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "«%s»: неизве�тна� программа про�мотра man."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "программа про�мотра man не обработала запро�"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "программа про�мотра info не обработала запро�"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Определение атрибутов дл� путей файлов или каталогов"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Пов�едневный Git � 20 командами или около того"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Гло��арий Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Указание �пециально игнорируемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Определение �вой�тв подмодулей"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Указание редакций и диапазонов дл� Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Учебное введение в Git (дл� вер�ии 1.5.1 или новее)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Обзор рекомендуемых по�ледовательно�тей выполн�емых дей�твий � Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "О�новные руковод�тва Git:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "и�пользование: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "«git %s» — �то �окращение дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "не�оответ�твие типа объекта на %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "ожидаемый объект не получен на %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "объект %s: ожидаемый тип %s, получен %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "не удало�ь заполнить %d байт"
+msgstr[1] "не удало�ь заполнить %d байта"
+msgstr[2] "не удало�ь заполнить %d байтов"
+msgstr[3] "не удало�ь заполнить %d байтов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "неожиданный конец файла"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "ошибка чтени� ввода"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "и�пользовано больше байт, чем было до�тупно"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "пакет �лишком большой дл� текущего определени� off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть файл пакета «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "не�оответ�твие подпи�и пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "вер�и� пакета %<PRIu32> не поддерживает��"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "в пакете �одержит�� поврежденный объект по �мещению %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "программа �жати� вернула %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "переполнение значени� �мещени� у базового объекта дельты"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "�мещение базовой дельты вышло за допу�тимые пределы"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "неизве�тный тип объекта %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить pread дл� файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "преждевременное окончание файла пакета, %lu байт от�ут�твует"
+msgstr[1] "преждевременное окончание файла пакета, %lu байта от�ут�твует"
+msgstr[2] "преждевременное окончание файла пакета, %lu байтов от�ут�твует"
+msgstr[3] "преждевременное окончание файла пакета, %lu байтов от�ут�твует"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "�ерьезное не�оответ�твие при ра�паковке"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "��ЙДЕ�� КОЛЛИЗИЯ SHA1 С %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать �уще�твующий объект %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "неправильный файл двоичного объекта %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "неправильный %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Ошибка в объекте"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "�е в�е дочерние объекты %s до�тижимы"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "�бой при применении дельты"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Получение объектов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Индек�ирование объектов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "пакет поврежден (не�оответ�твие SHA1)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить fstat дл� файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "файл пакета �одержит му�ор в конце"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "безумна� путаница в parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Определение изменений"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать поток: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "безумна� путаница"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "завершено � %d локальным объектом"
+msgstr[1] "завершено � %d локальными объектами"
+msgstr[2] "завершено � %d локальными объектами"
+msgstr[3] "завершено � %d локальными объектами"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "�еожиданна� контрольна� �умма в конце %s (ди�к поврежден?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "пакет �одержит %d неразрешенную дельту"
+msgstr[1] "пакет �одержит %d неразрешенные дельты"
+msgstr[2] "пакет �одержит %d неразрешенных дельт"
+msgstr[3] "пакет �одержит %d неразрешенных дельт"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "нельз� �жать при�оединенный объект (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "локальный объект %s поврежден"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "ошибка при закрытии файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать файл удержани� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь закрыть запи�анный файл удержани� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �охранить файл пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �охранить файл индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "плохой pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "нет поддержки потоков, игнорирование %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь открыть �уще�твующий файл пакета «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь открыть �уще�твующий файл индек�а дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "не дельты: %d объект"
+msgstr[1] "не дельты: %d объекта"
+msgstr[2] "не дельты: %d объектов"
+msgstr[3] "не дельты: %d объектов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "длина цепочки = %d: %lu объект"
+msgstr[1] "длина цепочки = %d: %lu объекта"
+msgstr[2] "длина цепочки = %d: %lu объектов"
+msgstr[3] "длина цепочки = %d: %lu объектов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "им� пакета «%s» не оканчивает�� на «.pack»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь вернуть�� в текущий рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "плохой %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin нельз� и�пользовать без --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify без указани� имени файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить stat дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить stat дл� шаблона «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить opendir дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить readlink дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать �имвольную ��ылку «%s» на «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �копировать файл «%s» в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "игнорирование шаблона %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "шаблоны не найдены %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "не копирую шаблоны из «%s»: %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s уже �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "не удает�� обработать файл типа %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "не удает�� переме�тить файл %s в %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s репозиторий Git в %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Переинициализаци� �уще�твующего"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Инициализирован пу�той"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " общий"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] "
+"[--shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr "git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<каталог-шаблонов>] [--shared[=<права-до�тупа>]] [<каталог>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "права-до�тупа"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "укажите, е�ли репозиторий git будет и�пользовать�� не�колькими пользовател�ми"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить mkdir %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить chdir в %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr "%s (или --work-tree=<каталог>) нельз� и�пользовать без указани� %s (или --git-dir=<каталог>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь получить до�туп к рабочему каталогу «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <ключ>[(=|:)<значение>])…] [<файл>…]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "редактировать файлы на ме�те"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "удал�ть пу�тые завершители"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "завершитель"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "завершители дл� добавлени�"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "ничего не передано, дл� редактировани� файлов на ме�те"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<опции>] [<диапазон-редакций>] [[--] <путь>…]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<опции>] <объект>…"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "неправильный параметр дл� --decorate: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "не выводить различи�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "показать и�точник"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "И�пользовать файл �оответ�тви� почтовых адре�ов"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "опции формата вывода ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Обработать диапазон �трок n,m из файла, начина� � 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Финальный вывод: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: плохой файл"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прочитать объект %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "�еизве�тный тип объекта: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "в format.headers не указано значение"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "�лишком длинное им� выходного каталога"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "�у удало�ь открыть файл изменений %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "�ужен только один диапазон."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "�е �вл�ет�� диапазоном."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Сопроводительное пи�ьмо должно быть в формате �лектронной почты"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "ошибка в поле in-reply-to: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<опции>] [<начина�-�> | <диапазон-редакций>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Два выходных каталога?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "�еизве�тный коммит %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь разрешить «%s» как ��ылку."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти точную базу �ли�ни�."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь получить выше�то�щую ветку. Е�ли вы хотите запи�ать базовый коммит автомитиче�ки, то и�пользуйте git branch --set-upstream-to дл� от�леживани� внешней ветки.\nИли же вы можете указать базовый коммит указанием --base=<идентификатор-базового-коммита> вручную."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти точную базу �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "базовый коммит должен быть предком �пи�ка редакций"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "базовый коммит не должен быть в �пи�ке редакций"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "не удало�ь получить идентификатор патча"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "выводить [PATCH n/m] даже когда один патч"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "выводить [PATCH] даже когда не�колько патчей"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "выводить патчи на �тандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "генерировать �опроводительное пи�ьмо"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "и�пользовать про�тую по�ледовательно�ть чи�ел дл� имен выходных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "�уффик�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "и�пользовать �уффик� <�уффик�> вме�то «.patch»"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "начать нумерацию патчей � <n>, а не � 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "пометить �ерию как �нную попытку"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "И�пользовать [<префик�>] вме�то [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "�охранить результирующие файлы в <каталог>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "не обрезать/добавл�ть [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "не выводить двоичные различи�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "выводить нулевую х�ш-�умму в заголовке From"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "не включать патч, е�ли коммит уже е�ть в выше�то�щей ветке"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "выводить в формате патча, а не в �тандартном (патч + �тати�тика)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Передача �ообщений"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "заголовок"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "добавить заголовок �ообщени�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "почта"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "добавить заголовок To:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "добавить заголовок Cc:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "идентификатор"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "у�тановить адре� отправител� на <идентификатор> (или на идентификатор коммитера, е�ли от�ут�твует)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "идентификатор-�ообщени�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "�делать первое пи�ьмо ответом на <идентификатор-�ообщени�>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "вложение"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "приложить патч"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "включить патч в тек�т пи�ьма"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "включить в пи�ьмах иерархично�ть, �тили: shallow (ча�тичную), deep (глубокую)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "подпи�ь"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "добавить подпи�ь"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "базовый коммит"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "добавить информацию о требовании дерева к �ерии патчей"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "добавить подпи�ь из файла"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "не выводить имена файлов патчей"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n и -k нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix и -k нельз� и�пользовать одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only не имеет �мы�ла"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status не имеет �мы�ла"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check не имеет �мы�ла"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "�тандартный вывод или каталог?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �оздать каталог «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать файл подпи�и «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Сбой при �оздании выходных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<выше�то�ща�-ветка> [<голова> [<ограничение>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> "
+"manually.\n"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти от�леживаемую внешнюю ветку, укажите <выше�то�щую-ветку> вручную.\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<опции>] [<файл>…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "выводить имена файлов � метками"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "и�пользовать �имволы в нижнем реги�тре дл� «предположительно без изменений» файлов"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "показывать к�шированные файлы при выводе (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать удаленные файлы при выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать измененные файлы при выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать другие файлы при выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать игнорируемые файлы при выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "показывать им� индек�ированного объекта на выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "показывать файлы в файловой �и�теме, которые должны быть удалены"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "показывать только имена у «других» каталогов"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "показать концы �трок файлов"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "не показывать пу�тые каталоги"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать не �литые файлы на выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "показывать информации о разрешении конфликтов и отмене"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "пропу�тить файлы, �оответ�твующие шаблону"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "прочитать шаблоны и�ключени� из <файл>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "прочитать дополнительные покаталожные шаблоны и�ключени� из <файл>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "добавить �тандартные и�ключени� git"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "выводить пути отно�ительно корневого каталога проекта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "е�ли какой-либо <файл> не в индек�е, �читать �то ошибкой"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "указатель-дерева"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "притворить��, что пути удалены, т.к. <указатель-дерева> еще �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "показать отладочную информацию"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr "git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<запу�к>]\n                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n                     [--symref] [<репозиторий> [<��ылки>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "не выводить URL внешних репозиториев"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "запу�к"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "путь к git-upload-pack на внешнем �ервере"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "ограничить вывод метками"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "ограничить вывод указател�ми на ветки"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "не показывать удалённые метки"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "учитывать url.<база>.insteadOf"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr "выходить � кодом 2, е�ли �оответ�твующие ��ылки не найдены"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "показать также внутреннюю ��ылку в дополнение к объекту, на который она указывает"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<опции>] <указатель-дерева> [<путь>…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "выводить только деревь�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "проходить рекур�ивно в поддеревь�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "выводить деревь� при рекур�ивном проходе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "раздел�ть запи�и � помощью �УЛЕВОГО байта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "включить размер объекта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "выводить только имена файлов"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "и�пользовать полные пути"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "выве�ти полное дерево; не только текущий каталог (включает в �еб� --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<опции>] [<коммит>…]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<опции>] <�ообщение> HEAD <коммит>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "при указании параметра «m» требует�� указать значение"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти �тратегию �ли�ни� «%s».\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "До�тупные �тратегии:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "До�тупные пользователь�кие �тратегии:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "не выводить �тати�тику изменений по�ле окончани� �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "выве�ти �тати�тику изменений по�ле окончани� �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(�иноним дл� --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "добавить (мак�имум <n>) запи�ей из короткого журнала в �ообщение коммита у �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "�оздать один коммит, вме�то выполнени� �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "�делать коммит, е�ли �ли�ние прошло у�пешно (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "отредактировать �ообщение перед выполнением коммита"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "разрешить перемотку вперед (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "отменить выполнение �ли�ни�, е�ли перемотка вперед невозможна"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Проверить, что указанный коммит имеет верную �лектронную подпи�ь GPG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "�тратеги�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "и�пользуема� �тратеги� �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "опци�=значение"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "опции дл� выбранной �тратегии �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "�ообщение коммита дл� �ли�ни� (дл� �ли�ни� без перемотки вперед)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "отменить выполнение прои�ход�щего �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "разрешить �ли�ние не�в�занных и�торий изменений"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "�бой при выполнении stash"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "неправильный объект: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "�бой при выполнении read-tree"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (нечего уплотн�ть)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Уплотнение коммита — не обновл�� HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запи�ать в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Запи�ь SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Завершение SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "�ет �ообщени� �ли�ни� — не обновл�ем HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "«%s» не указывает на коммит"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "�еправильна� �трока branch.%s.mergeoptions: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "�е обрабатываю ничего, кроме �ли�ни� двух указателей на ветки."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "�еизве�тный параметр merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь проче�ть из «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr "�е выполн�ю коммит �ли�ни�; и�пользуйте «git commit» дл� завершени� �ли�ни�.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr "Пожалуй�та, введите �ообщение коммита, дл� объ��нени�, зачем нужно\n�то �ли�ние, о�обенно, е�ли �то �ли�ние обновленной выше�то�щей\nветки в тематиче�кую ветку.\n\nСтроки, начинающие�� � «%c» будут проигнорированы, а пу�тое\n�ообщение отмен�ет проце�� коммита.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Пу�тое �ообщение коммита."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Прекра�но.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прове�ти автоматиче�кое �ли�ние; и�правьте конфликты и �делайте коммит результата.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "«%s» не �вл�ет�� коммитом"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "�ет текущей ветки."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "У текущей ветки нет внешнего репозитори�."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Дл� текущей ветки не указана выше�то�ща� ветка по умолчанию."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "�е указана внешн�� от�леживаема� ветка дл� %s на %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь закрыть «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "�ет �ли�ни�, которое можно отменить (от�ут�твует файл MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили �ли�ние (при�ут�твует файл MERGE_HEAD).\nВыполните коммит ваших изменений, перед �ли�нием."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили отбор лучшего (при�ут�твует файл CHERRY_PICK_HEAD).\nПожалуй�та, выполните коммит ваших изменений, перед �ли�нием."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили отбор лучшего (при�ут�твует файл CHERRY_PICK_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "�ельз� и�пользовать одновременно --squash и --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Коммит не указан и параметр merge.defaultToUpstream не у�тановлен."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Уплотнение коммита в пу�тую ветку еще не поддерживает��"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Коммит, не �вл�ющий�� перемоткой вперед, нет �мы�ла делать в пу�тую ветку."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s не �вл�ет�� тем, что можно �лить"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Можно только один коммит в пу�тую ветку."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Коммит %s �одержит не доверенную GPG подпи�ь, предположительно от %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Коммит %s �одержит плохую GPG подпи�ь, предположительно от %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Коммит %s не �одержит GPG подпи�ь."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Коммит %s �одержит дей�твительную GPG подпи�ь, от %s.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "отказ �ли�ни� не�в�занных и�торий изменений"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Обновление %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Попытка тривиального �ли�ни� в индек�е…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "�е вышло.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Перемотка вперед невозможна, отмена."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Перемотка дерева к и�ходному �о�то�нию…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Попытка �ли�ни� � помощью �тратегии %s…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "�и одна �тратеги� �ли�ни� не обработала �ли�ние.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Сбой при �ли�нии � помощью �тратегии %s.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "И�пользую %s дл� подготовки ручного разрешени� конфликтов.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr "�втоматиче�кое �ли�ние прошло у�пешно; как и запрашивали, о�тановлено перед выполнением коммита\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <коммит> <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <коммит> <коммит>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <��ылка> [<коммит>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "выве�ти в�ех общих предков"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "выве�ти предков дл� одного многоходового �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "выве�ти �пи�ок редаций, которые не до�тижимы из друг друга"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "�вл�ет�� первым предком второго указанного коммита?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "найти журнале ��ылок <��ылка> где именно <коммит> разветвил��"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr "git merge-file [<опции>] [-L им�1 [-L orig [-L им�2]]] <файл1> <ориг-файл> <файл2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "выве�ти результат на �тандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "и�пользовать diff3 �ли�ние"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "при возникновении конфликтов, и�пользовать нашу вер�ию"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "при возникновении конфликтов, и�пользовать их вер�ию"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "при возникновении конфликтов, и�пользовать обе вер�ии"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "при возникновении конфликтов, и�пользовать �тот размер маркера"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "не предупреждать о конфликтах"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "у�тановить метки дл� файл1/ориг-файл/файл2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "ввод отделённый �УЛЕВЫМИ �имволами"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "допу�тить от�ут�твие объектов"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "допу�тить �оздание более одного дерева"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<опции>] <и�точник>… <назначение>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Каталог %s в индек�е и не �вл�ет�� подмодулем?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "Чтобы продолжить, проиндек�ируйте или �пр�чьте ваши изменени� в файле .gitmodules"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s в инде�е"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "принудительно перемещать/переименовать, даже е�ли цель �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "пропу�кать ошибки при перемещении/переименовании"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "целевой путь «%s» не �вл�ет�� каталогом"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Проверка переименовани� из «%s» в «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "плохой и�точник"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "нельз� переме�тить каталог в �амого �еб�"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "нельз� переме�тить каталог в файл"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "и�ходный каталог пу�т"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "не под вер�ионным контролем"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "целевой путь уже �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "перезапи�ь «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь перезапи�ать"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "не�колько и�точников дл� одного целевого пути"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "целевой каталог не �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, откуда=%s, куда=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Переименование %s в %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "�бой при переименовании «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<опции>] <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<опции>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<опции>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "выводить только имена (без SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "и�пользовать только метки дл� именовани� коммитов"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "и�пользовать только ��ылки, �оответ�твующие <шаблону> "
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "выве�ти �пи�ок в�ех коммитов, до�тижимых �о в�ех ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "разрешить вывод «undefined», е�ли не найдено (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "разыменовывать введенные метки (дл� внутреннего и�пользовани�)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] [list [<объект>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file>"
+" | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <�ообщение> | -F <файл> | (-c | -C) <объект>] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] copy [-f] <из-объекта> <в-объект>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> |"
+" (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <�ообщение> | -F <файл> | (-c | -C) <объект>] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] edit [--allow-empty] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] show [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <�тратеги�>] <��ылка-на-заметку>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] remove [<объект>…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <��ылка-на-заметку>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<объект>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<опции>] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<опции>] <из-объекта> <в-объект>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<из-объекта> <в-объект>]…"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<опции>] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<опции>] <��ылка-на-заметку>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запу�тить «show» дл� объекта «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать вывод «show»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь завершить «show» дл� объекта «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать файл «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Пожалуй�та, укажите �одержимое заметки, и�пользу� опцию -m или -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать объект заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Содержимое заметки о�тало�ь в %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть или прочитать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прочитать объект «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прочитать данные заметки из недвоичного объекта «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "передано �лишком много параметров"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "�е найдена заметка дл� объекта %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "тек�товое �одержимое заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "�одержимое заметки в файле"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "и�пользовать и отредактировать указанный объект заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "и�пользовать указанный объект заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "разрешить �охранение пу�той заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "заменить �уще�твующие заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь добавить заметку. �айдена �уще�твующа� заметка у объекта %s. И�пользуйте параметр «-f» дл� перезапи�и �уще�твующих заметок."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Перезапи�ь �уще�твующих заметок у объекта %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Удаление заметки у объекта %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать объекты из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "загрузить на�тройки перезапи�и дл� команды <команда> (включает в �еб� --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "передано �лишком мало параметров"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite"
+" existing notes"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �копировать заметку. �айдена �уще�твующа� заметка у объекта %s. И�пользуйте параметр «-f» дл� перезапи�и �уще�твующих заметок."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "�ет заметок у и�ходного объекта %s. �ельз� �копировать."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr "Опции -m/-F/-c/-C дл� подкоманды «edit» у�тарели.\nИ�пользуйте вме�то них «git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C».\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Общие опции"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Опции �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
+"(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr "разрешить конфликты заметок � помощью указанной �тратегии (manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Коммит не �литых заметок"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "завершить �ли�ние заметок коммитом не �литых заметок"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Отмена разрешени� �ли�ни� заметок"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "отменить �ли�ние заметок"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "Сли�ние заметок в %s уже выполн�ет�� на %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "У объекта %s нет заметки\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "попытка удалени� не�уще�твующей заметки не �вл�ет�� ошибкой"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "прочитать имена объектов из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "��ылка-на-заметку"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "и�пользовать заметку из <��ылка-на-заметку>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "�еизве�тна� подкоманда: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [<опции>…] [< <�пи�ок-��ылок> | < <�пи�ок-объектов>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects [<опции>…] <им�-базы> [< <�пи�ок-��ылок> | < <�пи�ок-объектов>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "ошибка �жати� (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr "отключение запи�и битовых карт, так как карты были разбиты на ча�ти из-за pack.packSizeLimit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Запи�ь объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "отключение запи�и битовых карт, так как некоторые объекты не были упакованы"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Сжатие объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "неподдерживаема� вер�и� индек�а %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "плоха� вер�и� индек�а «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "не выводить прогре�� выполнени�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "показать прогре�� выполнени�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "показать прогре�� выполнени� во врем� запи�и объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "похоже на --all-progress при включенном прогре��е выполнени�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "вер�и�[,�мещение]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "запи�ать файл индек�а пакета в указанной вер�ии формата"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "мак�имальный размер каждого выходного файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "игнорировать чужие объекты, вз�тые из альтернативного хранилища объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "игнорировать упакованные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "ограничить окно пакета по количе�тву объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "дополнительно к количе�тву объектов ограничить окно пакета по пам�ти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "мак�имальна� разрешенна� длина цепочки дельт в результирующем пакете"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "и�пользовать повторно �уще�твующие дельты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "и�пользовать повторно �уще�твующие объекты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "и�пользовать объекты OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "и�пользовать многопоточно�ть при пои�ке лучших �овпадений дельт"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "не �оздавать пу�тые выходные пакеты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "прочитать аргументы редакций из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "ограничить�� объектами, которые еще не упакованы"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "включить объекты, которые до�тижимы по любой из ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "включить объекты, на которые ��ылают�� запи�и журнала ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "включить объекты, на которые ��ылает�� индек�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "выве�ти пакет на  �тандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "включить объекты меток, которые ��ылают�� на упаковываемые объекты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "�охран�ть ��ылки на недо�тупные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "врем�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "ра�паковать недо�тупные объекты, которые новее, чем <врем�>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "�оздавать тонкие пакеты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "�оздавать пакеты, подход�щие дл� ча�тичных извлечений"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "игнорировать пакеты, р�дом � которыми лежит .keep файл"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "уровень �жати� пакета"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "не �крывать коммиты �ращени�ми"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "по возможно�ти и�пользовать индек� в битовых картах, дл� у�корени� под�чета объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "запи�ь индек�а в битовых картах вме�те � индек�ом пакета"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Под�чет объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "паковать в�ё"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "почи�тить �лабые ��ылки (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Удаление дублирующих�� объектов"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <врем�>] [--] [<им�-ветки>…]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "не удал�ть, только показать �пи�ок"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "выве�ти �пи�ок удаленных объектов"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "удалить объекты �тарее чем <дата-окончани�>"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "нельз� почи�тить неи�пользуемые объекты в precious-objects репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [<опции>] [<репозиторий> [<�пецификаци�-��ылки>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "Опции, �в�занные �о �ли�нием"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "забрать изменени� � помощью перебазировани�, а не �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "разрешить перемотку вперед"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "проверить, что указанный коммит имеет верную �лектронную подпи�ь GPG"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "автоматиче�ки выполн�ть stash/stash pop до и по�ле перемещени�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "Опции, �в�занные � извлечением изменений"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "количе�тво подмодулей, которые будут получены парралельно"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "�еправильное значение дл� pull.ff: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь получить � перемещением: У ва� е�ть непроиндек�ированные изменени�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "К тому же, в вашем индек�е е�ть незакоммиченные изменени�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь получить � перемещением: В вашем индек�е е�ть незакоммиченные изменени�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr "�ет претендентов дл� перемещени� �реди ��ылок, которые вы только что получили."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr "�ет претендентов дл� �ли�ни� �реди ��ылок, которые вы только что получили."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr "Обычно �то означает, что вы передали �пецификацию ��ылки � помощью шаблона и �тот шаблон ни � чем не �овпал на внешнем репозитории."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr "Вы попро�или получить изменени� �о внешнего репозитори� «%s», но не указали ветку. Так как �то не репозиторий по умолчанию дл�  вашей текущей ветки, вы должны указать ветку в командной �троке."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� ни на одной из веток."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "Пожалуй�та, укажите на какую ветку вы хотите переме�тить изменени�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "Пожалуй�та, укажите � какой веткой вы хотите �лить изменени�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "Дл� дополнительной информации, �мотрите git-pull(1)."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "<внешний-репозиторий>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "<ветка>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "У текущей ветки нет информации об от�леживании."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr "Е�ли вы хотите указать информацию о от�леживаемой ветке, выполните:"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr "Ваша конфигураци� указывает, что нужно �лить изменени� �о ��ылкой\n«%s» из внешнего репозитори�, но така� ��ылка не была получена."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "--[no-]autostash можно и�пользовать только вме�те � --rebase."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr "Обновление еще не начавшей�� ветки � изменени�ми, добавленными в индек�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr "извлечение обновило указатель на вашу текущую ветку.\nперемотка вашего рабочего каталога\n� коммита %s."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь перемотать вперёд изменени� в вашем рабочем каталоге.\nПо�ле того, как вы убедите�ь, что вы �охранили в�ё необходимое из вывода\n$ git diff %s\n, запу�тите\n$ git reset --hard\nдл� во��тановлени� и�ходного �о�то�ни�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "�ельз� �лить не�колько веток в пу�той указатель на ветку."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "�евозможно переме�тить над не�колькими ветками."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<опции>] [<репозиторий> [<�пецификаци�-��ылки>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "указано �окращение tag, но не указана �ама <метка>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "опци� --delete принимает только про�тые целевые имена ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr "\nЧтобы выбрать любую из опций на по�то�нной о�нове, �мотрите push.default в «git help config»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Им� выше�то�щей ветки и вашей текущей ветки различают��. Чтобы отправить изменени� в выше�то�щую ветку на внешнем репозитории, и�пользуйте:\n\n    git push %s HEAD:%s\n\nЧтобы отправить изменени� в ветку � таким же именем на внешнем репозитории, и�пользуйте:\n\n    git push %s %s\n%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� не находите�ь ни на одной из веток.\nЧтобы отправить и�торию, ведущую к текущему (отделённый HEAD) �о�то�нию, и�пользуйте\n\n    git push %s HEAD:<им�-внешней-ветки>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr "Текуща� ветка %s не имеет выше�то�щей ветки.\nЧтобы отправить текущую ветку и у�тановить внешнюю ветку как выше�то�щую дл� �той ветки, и�пользуйте\n\n    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "Ваша текуща� ветка %s имеет не�колько выше�то�щих веток, отказ в отправке изменений."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� отправл�ете изменени� на внешний репозиторий «%s», который не �вл�ет�� выше�то�щим дл� вашей текущей ветки «%s», без указани� того, что отправл�ть и в какую внешнюю ветку."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr "Вы не указали �пецификацию ��ылки дл� отправки, а push.default указан как «nothing»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr "Обновлени� были отклонены, так как верхушка вашей текущей ветки\nпозади ее внешней ча�ти. Заберите и �лейте внешние изменени� \n(например, � помощью «git pull …») перед повторной попыткой отправки\nизменений.\nДл� дополнительной информации, �мотрите «Note about fast-forwards»\nв «git push --help»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr "Обновлени� были отклонены, так как верхушка отправл�емой ветки\nпозади ее внешней ча�ти. Переключите�ь на ветку и заберите внешние\nизменени� (например, � помощью «git pull …») перед повторной\nпопыткой отправки изменений.\nДл� дополнительной информации, �мотрите «Note about fast-forwards»\nв «git push --help»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr "Обновлени� были отклонены, так как внешний репозиторий �одержит\nизменени�, которых у ва� нет в вашем локальном репозитории.\nОбычно, �то �в�занно � тем, что кто-то уже отправил изменени� в \nто же ме�то. Перед повторной отправкой ваших изменений, вам нужно\nзабрать и �лить изменени� из внешнего репозитори� �ебе\n(например, � помощью «git pull …»).\nДл� дополнительной информации, �мотрите «Note about fast-forwards»\nв «git push --help»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Обновлени� были отклонены, так как метка уже �уще�твует во внешнем репозитории."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr "Вы не можете обновить внешнюю ��ылку, котора� указывает на объект, не �вл�ющий�� коммитом или обновить внешнюю ��ылку так, чтобы она указывала на объект, не �вл�ющий�� коммитом, без указани� опции «--force».\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Отправка в %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь отправить некоторые ��ылки в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "плохой репозитори� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr "�е на�троена точка назначени� дл� отправки.\nЛибо укажите URL � помощью командной �троки, либо на�тройте внешний репозиторий � помощью\n\n    git remote add <им�> <адре�>\n\nа затем отправьте изменени� � помощью имени внешнего репозитори�\n\n    git push <им�>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all и --tags нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all нельз� и�пользовать вме�те �о �пецификаци�ми ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror и --tags нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror нельз� и�пользовать вме�те �о �пецификаци�ми ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all и --mirror нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "отправить в�е ��ылки"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "�делать зеркало в�ех ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "удалить ��ылки"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "отправить метки (нельз� и�пользовать вме�те � --all или --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "принудительное обновление"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "им�-��ылки>:<ожидает��"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "требовать, чтобы �тарое значение ��ылки было ожидаемым"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "управление рекур�ивной отправкой подмодулей"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "и�пользовать тонкие пакеты"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "путь к программе упаковки на �ервере"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "у�тановить выше�то�щую ветку дл� git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "почи�тить локально удаленные ��ылки"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "пропу�тить перехватчик перед-отправкой"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "отправить пропущенные, но нужные метки"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "подпи�ать отправку � помощью GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "запро�ить выполнение атомарной транзакции на внешней �тороне"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete не�овме�тимо �  --all, --mirror и --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete не имеет �мы�ла без указани� ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>)"
+" [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] "
+"[--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr "git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<префик�>) [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<файл>] (--empty | <указатель-дерева-1> [<указатель-дерева-2> [<указатель-дерева-3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "запи�ать результирующий индек� в <файл>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "про�то очи�тить индек�"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Сли�ние"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "выполнить �ли�ние в дополнение к чтению"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "трехходовое �ли�ние, е�ли не требует�� �ли�ние на уровне файлов"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "трехходовое �ли�ние в �лучае при�ут�тви� добавлений или удалений файлов"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "тоже, что и -m, но отмен�ет изменени� не �литых запи�ей"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<подкаталог>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "прочитать дерево в индек� в <подкаталог>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "обновить рабочий каталог результатом �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "разрешить перезапи�ь �вно игнорируемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "не провер�ть рабочий каталог по�ле �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "не обновл�ть индек� или рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "пропу�тить применение фильтра ча�тичного переключени� на �о�то�ние"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "отладка unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack <каталог-git>"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "тихий режим"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "Вы должны указать каталог."
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "«%s» дл� «%s» не �вл�ет�� допу�тимой меткой даты/времени"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "«%s» не �вл�ет�� допу�тимой меткой даты/времени"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] "
+"[--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [-t <ветка>] [-m <ма�тер-ветка>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <им�> <адре�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <�тарое-название> <новое-название>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <им�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <им�> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <ветка>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <им�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <им�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<группа> | <им�-внешнего-репозитори�>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <им�> <ветка>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <им�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <им�> <новый-url> [<�тарый-url>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <им�> <новый-url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <им�> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<опции>] <им�> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <им�> <ветка>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <им�> <ветка>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<опции>] <им�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<опции>] <им�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<опции>] [<группа> | <им�-внешнего-репозитори�>]…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Обновление %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr "ключ --mirror небезопа�ен и не рекомендует�� к и�пользованию;\nи�пользуйте вме�то него --mirror=fetch или --mirror=push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "неизве�тный аргумент дл� mirror: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "извлечь внешние ветки"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "импортировать в�е метки и а��оциированные объекты при извлечении"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "или не извлекать метки вообще (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "от�леживаемые ветки"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "ма�тер ветка"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "на�троить внешний репозиторий как зеркало дл� отправки или извлечени� изменений"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "указание ма�тер ветки не имеет �мы�ла � параметром --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "указание от�леживаемых веток имеет �мы�л только при зеркальном извлечении"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "внешний репозиторий %s уже �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "«%s» не �вл�ет�� допу�тимым именем внешнего репозитори�."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь на�троить ма�тер ветку «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь извлечь карту дл� �пецификации ��ылки %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(�оответ�твующа�)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(удаленна�)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "�ет такого внешнего репозитори�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь переименовать �екцию конфигурации � «%s» на «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr "�е обновл�ю не�тандартную �пецификацию ��ылки дл� извлечени�\n\t%s\n\tПожалуй�та, е�ли требует��, обновите конфигурацию вручную."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "не удало�ь удалить «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] "Примечание: �екоторые ветки вне иерархии refs/remotes/ не будут удалены;\nчтобы удалить их, и�пользуйте:"
+msgstr[1] "Примечание: �екоторые ветки вне иерархии refs/remotes/ не будут удалены;\nчтобы удалить их, и�пользуйте:"
+msgstr[2] "Примечание: �екоторые ветки вне иерархии refs/remotes/ не будут удалены;\nчтобы удалить их, и�пользуйте:"
+msgstr[3] "Примечание: �екоторые ветки вне иерархии refs/remotes/ не будут удалены;\nчтобы удалить их, и�пользуйте:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь удалить �екцию файла конфигурации «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " нова� (�ледующее извлечение �охранит ее в remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " от�леживает��"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " недей�твительна (и�пользуйте «git remote prune», чтобы удалить)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "неправильный параметр конфигурации branch.%s.merge; невозможно переме�тить более чем над 1 веткой"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "перемещает�� интерактивно над внешней веткой %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " будет �лита � внешней веткой %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    и � внешней веткой"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "будет �лита � внешней веткой %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   и � внешней веткой"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "�оздана"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "удалена"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "уже актуальна"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "возможна перемотка вперед"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "локальна� ветка у�тарела"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s будет принудительно отправлена в %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s будет отправлена в %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s будет принудительно отправлена в %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s будет отправлена в %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "не опрашивать внешние репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* внешний репозиторий %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL дл� извлечени�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(нет URL)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL дл� отправки: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  HEAD ветка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  HEAD ветка (HEAD внешнего репозитори� неоднозначный, может быть одним из):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "    Внешн�� ветка:%s"
+msgstr[1] "    Внешние ветки:%s"
+msgstr[2] "    Внешние ветки:%s"
+msgstr[3] "    Внешние ветки:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (�тату� не запрошен)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Локальна� ветка, на�троенна� дл� «git pull»:"
+msgstr[1] "  Локальные ветки, на�троенные дл� «git pull»:"
+msgstr[2] "  Локальные ветки, на�троенные дл� «git pull»:"
+msgstr[3] "  Локальные ветки, на�троенные дл� «git pull»:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr " Локальные ��ылки, зеркалируемые � помощью «git push»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Локальна� ��ылка, на�троенна� дл� «git push»%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Локальные ��ылки, на�троенные дл� «git push»%s:"
+msgstr[2] "  Локальные ��ылки, на�троенные дл� «git push»%s:"
+msgstr[3] "  Локальные ��ылки, на�троенные дл� «git push»%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "у�тановить refs/remotes/<им�>/HEAD в зави�имо�ти от внешнего репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "удалить refs/remotes/<им�>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь определить внешний HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "�е�колько внешних HEAD веток. Укажите �вно одну из них:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь удалить %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "�еправильна� ��ылка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь на�троить %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s будет ви��щей веткой!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s �тала ви��щей веткой!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Удаление %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [будет удалена] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [удалена] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "почи�тить внешние репозитории по�ле извлечени�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "�ет такого внешнего репозитори� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "добавить ветку"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "не указан внешний репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "запро�ить URL отправки, вме�то URL извлечени�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "вернуть в�е URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "URL не на�троены дл� внешнего репозитори� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "управление URL отправки"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "добавить URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "удалить URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � --delete"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "�еправильный шаблон �тарого URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "�е найдены �овпадени� URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "�ельз� удалить в�е URL не-отправки"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "быть много�ловнее; должно �то�ть перед подкомандой"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "упаковать в�ё в один пакет"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "тоже, что и -a, но дополнительно отбро�ить недо�тижимые объекты"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "удалите лишние пакеты и запу�тите git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "передать опцию --no-reuse-delta в git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "передать опцию --no-reuse-object в git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "не запу�кать git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "передать опцию --local в git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "запи�ь индек�а в битовых картах"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "примерна�-дата"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "� опцией -A, не отбра�ывать объекты �тарее, чем указано"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "размер окна, и�пользуемый дл� компре��ии дельт"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "количе�тво-байт"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "тоже, что и выше, но ограничить размер пам�ти, а не количе�тво запи�ей"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "ограничение на мак�имальную глубину дельт"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "мак�имальный размер каждого из файлов пакета"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "переупаковать объекты в пакеты, помеченные файлом .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "нельз� удал�ть пакеты в precious-objects репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "не удало�ь удалить «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <объект> <замена>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <объект>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <коммит> [<родитель>…]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <объект>…"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<формат>] [-l [<шаблон>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "�едопу�тимое им� объекта: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "плоха� метка �ли�ни� в коммите «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "повреждённа� метка �ли�ни� в коммите «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr "оригинальный коммит «%s» �одержит метку �ли�ни� «%s», котора� была отброшена; и�пользуйте --edit вме�то --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "оригинальный коммит «%s» �одержит подпи�ь gpg."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "подпи�ь будет удалена в замененном коммите!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать замену дл� коммита: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "выве�ти �пи�ок замен�емых ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "удаление замен�емых ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "изменение �уще�твующего объекта"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "изменение родител� коммита"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "замена ��ылки, е�ли она �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "не делать �труктурированный вывод �одержимого дл� --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "и�пользовать �тот формат"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <путь>… | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "запи�ать чи�тые разрешени� конфликтов в индек�"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<коммит>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <указатель-дерева> [--] <пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<указатель-дерева>] [--] [<пути>…]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "�мешанный"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "м�гкий"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "же�ткий"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "�ли�нием"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "о�тавлением"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "У ва� нет верного HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти дерево у HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти дерево у %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD �ейча� на %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "�ельз� выполнить �бро� в режиме «%s» во врем� �ли�ни�."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "тихий режим, выводить только ошибки"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "�бро�ить HEAD и индек�"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "�бро�ить только HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "�бро�ить HEAD, индек� и рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "�бро�ить HEAD, но о�тавить локальные изменени�"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "запи�ать только факт того, что удаленные пути будут добавлены позже"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь ра�познать «%s» как дей�твительную редакцию."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь ра�познать «%s» как дей�твительное дерево."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr "и�пользование опции --mixed � пут�ми у�тарело; и�пользуйте «git reset -- <пути>» instead."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "�ельз� выполнить �бро� в режиме «%s» вме�те � указанием пути."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "�бро� «%s» разрешен только � голым репозиторием"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N можно и�пользовать вме�те � --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "�епроиндек�ированные изменени� по�ле �бро�а:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �бро�ить файл индек�а на редакцию «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запи�ать новый файл индек�а."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "rev-list не поддерживает отображение заметок"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<опции>] -- [<аргументы>…]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "передавать далее «--» как аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "о�тановить разбор по�ле первого аргумента не �вл�ющего�� опцией"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "выводить аргументы в длинном формате"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<опции>] -- [<аргументы>…]\n   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<аргумент>…]\n   or: git rev-parse [<опции>] [<аргумент>…]\n\nЗапу�тите команду «git rev-parse --parseopt -h» дл� получени� подробной информации о первом и�пользовании."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<опции>] <указатель-коммита>…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <подкоманда>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<опции>] <указатель-коммита>…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <подкоманда>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "конец по�ледовательно�ти отбора лучшего или возврата коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "продолжить по�ледовательно�ть отбора лучшего или возврата коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "отмена по�ледовательно�ти отбора лучшего или возврата коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "не коммитить автоматиче�ки"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "изменить �ообщение коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "номер родител�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "�тратеги� �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "опци�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "опци� дл� �тратегии �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "добавить им� коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "�охранить изначально пу�тые коммиты"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "разрешить коммиты � пу�тыми �ообщени�ми"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "о�тавить избыточные, пу�тые коммиты"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "ошибка в программе"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "�бой возврата коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "�бой при отборе лучшего"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<опции>] [--] <файл>…"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] "�ледующий подмодуль (или один из вложенных подмодулей)\nи�пользует каталог .git:"
+msgstr[1] "�ледующие подмодули (или один из вложенных подмодулей)\nи�пользуют каталог .git:"
+msgstr[2] "�ледующие подмодули (или один из вложенных подмодулей)\nи�пользуют каталог .git:"
+msgstr[3] "�ледующие подмодули (или один из вложенных подмодулей)\nи�пользуют каталог .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "\n(и�пользуйте «rm -rf», е�ли вы дей�твительно хотите удалить его, включа� в�ю его и�торию)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] "�ледующие файлы �одержат проиндек�ированные изменени� отличающие�� и от файла, и от HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] "�ледующие файлы �одержат проиндек�ированные изменени� отличающие�� и от файла, и от HEAD:"
+msgstr[2] "�ледующие файлы �одержат проиндек�ированные изменени� отличающие�� и от файла, и от HEAD:"
+msgstr[3] "�ледующие файлы �одержат проиндек�ированные изменени� отличающие�� и от файла, и от HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr "\n(и�пользуйте опцию «-f» дл� принудительного удалени�)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "�ледующие файлы �одержат проиндек�ированные изменени� в индек�е:"
+msgstr[1] "�ледующие файлы �одержат проиндек�ированные изменени� в индек�е:"
+msgstr[2] "�ледующие файлы �одержат проиндек�ированные изменени� в индек�е:"
+msgstr[3] "�ледующие файлы �одержат проиндек�ированные изменени� в индек�е:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr "\n(и�пользуйте опцию «--cached» дл� о�тавлени� файла, или «-f» дл� принудительного удалени�)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "�ледующие файлы �одержат локальные изменени�:"
+msgstr[1] "�ледующие файлы �одержат локальные изменени�:"
+msgstr[2] "�ледующие файлы �одержат локальные изменени�:"
+msgstr[3] "�ледующие файлы �одержат локальные изменени�:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "не выводить �пи�ок удаленных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "удалить только из индек�а"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "пропу�тить проверку актуально�ти"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "разрешить рекур�ивное удаление"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "выход � нулевым кодом возврата, даже е�ли ничего не найдено"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "не удал�ю рекур�ивно «%s» без указани� опции -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: не удало�ь удалить %s"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<�ервер>:]<каталог> [<��ылка>…]\n  --all и �вна� �пецификаци� <��ылки> взаимно и�ключающие."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "им� внешнего репозитори�"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "протокол без �охранени� �о�то�ни� дл� RPC"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать ��ылки из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "выве�ти �тату� от �крипта внешнего �ервера"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<опции>] [<диапазон-редакций>] [[--] [<путь>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "от�ортировать вывод по количе�тву коммитов у автора"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "�е выводить опи�ани� коммитов, а только их количе�тво"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Показать почту каждого из авторов"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Перено� �трок на выводе"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr "git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n\t\t[--current] [--color[=<когда>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<редакци�> | <шаблон>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<база>]] [--list] [<��ылка>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "показать �пи�ок и от�леживаемых внешних и локальных веток"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "показать �пи�ок от�леживаемых внешних веток"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "окрашивать «*!+-» в �оответ�твии � веткой"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "показать <n> коммитов по�ле общего предка"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "�иноним дл� more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "не выводить именованные �троки"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "включить в вывод текущую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "именовать коммиты их именами объектов"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "выве�ти возможные базы �ли�ни�"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "выве�ти ��ылки, недо�тупные из любых других ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "выве�ти коммиты в топологиче�ком пор�дке"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "выве�ти только коммиты, от�ут�твующие в первой ветке"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "выве�ти �ли�ни�, до�тижимые только из одной из верхушек"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "топологиче�ка� �ортировка, � �охранением пор�дка дат, е�ли возможно"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<база>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "показать <n> по�ледних запи�ей в журнале ��ылок, начина� � базы"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | "
+"--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr "git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<шаблон>…]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<шаблон>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "выве�ти только метки (можно и�пользовать одновременно � --heads)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "выве�ти только головы (можно и�пользовать одновременно � --tags)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "более �трога� проверка ��ылок, требует точный путь ��ылки"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "выве�ти ��ылку HEAD, даже е�ли она будет отфильтрована"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "разыменовать метки в идентификаторы объектов"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "и�пользовать <n> цифр дл� вывода SHA-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "не печатать результат на �тандартный вывод (полезно � опцией «--verify»)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "выве�ти ��ылки �о �тандартного ввода, которых нет в локальном репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr "пропу�тить и удалить в�е �троки, начинающие�� � �имвола комметари�"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "добавить перед каждой �трокой �имвол комметари� и пробел"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "�ет такой ��ылки: %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "Ожидало�ь полное им� ��ылки, а получено %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь обрезать один компонент url «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "альтернативный �имвол дл� отно�ительных путей"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<путь>] [<путь>…]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "URL дл� подмодул� по пути «%s» не найден в .gitmodules"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Сбой реги�трации адре�а дл� пути подмодул� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Подмодуль «%s» (%s) зареги�трирован по пути «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "внимание: предполагаемый режим обновлени� дл� подмодул� «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Сбой реги�трации режима обновлени� дл� пути подмодул� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "�е выводить информацию о инициализации подмодул�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper init [<путь>]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name <путь>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr "не найдено �оответ�твие подмодулей в .gitmodules дл� пути «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "куда должен быть �клонирован новый подмодуль"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "им� нового подмодул�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "url откуда должен был �клонирован новый подмодуль"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "глубина дл� ча�тичного клона"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<путь>] [--quiet] [--reference <репозиторий>] [--name <им�>] [--depth <глубина>] --url <url> --path <путь>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать каталог «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "не удало�ь клонировать «%s» в подмодуль по пути «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь открыть файл «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь закрыть файл %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь получить каталог дл� подмодул� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «%s» не инициализирован"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "Возможно, вы хотели и�пользовать «update --init»?"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "Пропу�к не �литого подмодул� %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "Пропу�к подмодул� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "путь в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr "путь в рабочем каталоге, в пределах границ подмодул�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr "rebase, merge, checkout или none"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr "Создать ча�тичный клон, ограниченный указанным количе�твом редакций"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "параллельные задачи"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "вы выводить прогре�� клонировани�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<путь>] [<путь>…]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "плохое значение дл� параметра update"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "подкоманда submodule--helper должна вызывать�� � указанием подкоманды"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "«%s» не �вл�ет�� подкомандой submodule--helper"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<опции>] <им�> [<��ылка>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <им�>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "не выводить �ообщени� об ошибках дл� не�имвольных (от�оединенных) ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "удалить �имвольные ��ылки"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "укороченный вывод ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "причина"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "причина обновлени�"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr "git tag [-a | -s | -u <идентификатор-ключа>] [-f] [-m <�ообщение> | -F <файл>] <им�-метки> [<редакци�>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <им�-метки>…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr "git tag -l [-n[<количе�тво>]] [--contains <коммит>] [--points-at <объект>]\n\t\t[--format=<формат>] [--[no-]merged [<коммит>]] [<шаблон>…]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <им�-метки>…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "�лишком длинное им� метки: %.*s…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "метка  «%s» не найдена."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Метка «%s» удалена (была %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr "\nВведите �ообщение дл� метки:\n  %s\nСтроки, начинающие�� � «%c» будут проигнорированы.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+msgstr "\nВведите �ообщение дл� метки:\n  %s\nСтроки, начинающие�� � «%c» будут о�тавлены; вы можете удалить их вручную, е�ли хотите.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "не удало�ь подпи�ать метку"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "не удало�ь запи�ать файл метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "неправильный тип объекта"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "заголовок метки �лишком большой."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "нет опи�ани� метки?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Сообщение метки было о�тавлено в %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "�пи�ок названий меток"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "печатать <n> �трок опи�ани� от каждой метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "удалить метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "проверить метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "�а�тройки �оздани� метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "дл� аннотированной метки нужно �ообщение"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "опи�ание метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "аннотированна� и подпи�анна� � помощью GPG метка"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "и�пользовать другой ключ дл� подпи�ани� метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "замена метки, е�ли она �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "�оздать журнал ��ылок"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "�а�тройки вывода �пи�ка меток"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "показать �пи�ок меток по �толбцам"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "вывод только меток, которые �одержат коммит"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "вывод только �литых меток"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "вывод только не �литых меток"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "вывод только меток, определенного объекта"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column и -n нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "опцию -n можно и�пользовать только вме�те � -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "опцию --contains можно и�пользовать только вме�те � -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "опцию --points-at можно и�пользовать только вме�те � -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "опции --merged и --no-merged можно и�пользовать только вме�те � -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "-F и -m нельз� и�пользовать одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "передано �лишком много параметров"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "«%s» не �вл�ет�� допу�тимым именем метки."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "метка «%s» уже �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Метка «%s» обновлена (была %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Ра�паковка объектов"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать каталог %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить stat %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать файл %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь удалить файл %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "не удало�ь удалить каталог %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "Проверка mtime в «%s» "
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr "информаци� �тати�тики каталога не измен�ет�� по�ле добавлени� нового файла"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr "информаци� �тати�тики каталога не измен�ет�� по�ле добавлени� нового каталога"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr "информаци� �тати�тики каталога измен�ет�� по�ле добавлени� нового файла"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr "информаци� �тати�тики каталога измен�ет�� по�ле добавлени� нового файла внутри подкаталога"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr "информаци� �тати�тики каталога не измен�ет�� по�ле удалени� файла"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr "информаци� �тати�тики каталога не измен�ет�� по�ле удалени� каталога"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " OK"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<опции>] [--] [<файл>…]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "продолжить обновление, даже е�ли индек� требует обновлени�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "обновление: игнорировать подмодули"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "не игнорировать новые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "разрешить файлам замен�ть каталоги и наоборот"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "замечать файлы от�ут�твующие в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "обновить, даже е�ли в индек�е имеют�� не �литые запи�и"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "обновить информацию о �тату�е файлов"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "как --refresh, но игнорировать на�тройку assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<режим до�тупа>,<объект>,<путь>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "добавить указанную запи�ь в индек�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "переопределить бит выполнени� на указанных файлах"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "пометить файлы как «не измененные»"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "убрать пометку assumed-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "пометить файлы как «только в индек�е»"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "убрать пометку skip-worktree"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "только добавить в индек�; не добавл�ть �одержимое в базу данных объектов"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "удалить указанные пути, даже е�ли они �уще�твуют в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "� опцией --stdin: �троки на вводе отдел�ют�� �УЛЕВЫМ байтом"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "прочитать �пи�ок обновл�емых путей из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "добавить запи�и из �тандартного ввода в индек�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "заново заполнить индек� #2 и #3 дл� указанных путей"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "обновить только запи�и, которые отличают�� от HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "игнорировать файлы, от�ут�твующие в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "выве�ти выполн�емые дей�тви� на �тандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(дл� машинной обработки) забыть �охраненные неразрешенные конфликты"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "запи�ать индек� в указанном формате"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "разрешить или запретить раздельный индек�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "включить/отключить к�ш неот�леживаемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "проверить, что файлова� �и�тема поддерживает к�ш неот�леживаемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr "включить к�ш неот�леживаемых файлов без проверки файловой �и�темы"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "К�ш неот�леживаемых файлов отключен"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "К�ш неот�леживаемых файлов включен дл� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<опции>] -d <им�-��ылки> [<�тарое-значение>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<опции>]    <им�-��ылки> <новое-значение> [<�тарое-значение>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<опции>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "удалить ��ылку"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "обновить <им�-��ылки> а не то, на что она указывает"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "ввод отделённый �УЛЕВЫМИ �имволами"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать обновлени� из �тандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "обновить информацию о �ерверах � нул�"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "выве�ти �одержимое коммита"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "выводить �ырой вывод �тату�а от gpg"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <пакет>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "быть много�ловнее"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "выве�ти только �тати�тику"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <метка>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "выве�ти �одержимое метки"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<опции>] <путь> [<ветка>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "Удаление рабочих каталогов/%s: не �вл�ет�� каталогом"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "Удаление рабочих каталогов/%s: файл gitdir не �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr "Удаление рабочих каталогов/%s: не удало�ь прочитать файл gitdir (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "Удаление рабочих каталогов/%s: недей�твительный файл gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr "Удаление рабочих каталогов/%s: gitdir указывает на не�уще�твующее ра�положение"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "�бой удалени� «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "«%s» уже �уще�твует"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "не удало�ь �оздать каталог «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "Подготовка %s (идентификатор %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr "переключить�� на <ветка> даже е�ли она уже активна в другом рабоче�м каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "�оздать новую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "�оздать или перейти на ветку"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "от�оединить HEAD на указанном коммите"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "наполнить новый рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B и --detach нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<префик�>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<префик�>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "выве�ти объект дерева дл� подкаталога � <префик�>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "и�пользует�� только при отладке"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "вывод отладочных �ообщений на stderr"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr "«git help -а» и «git help -g» выводит �пи�ок до�тупных подкоманд и\nнекоторые руковод�тва по темам. Запу�тите «git help <команда>» или\n«git help <термин>», чтобы проче�ть о конкретных подкоманде или теме."
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "Public key pinning не поддерживает�� � cURL < 7.44.0"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "�оздать рабочую обла�ть (�мотрите также: git help tutorial)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "работа � текущими изменени�ми (�мотрите также: git help everyday)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "про�мотр и�тории и текущего �о�то�ни� (�мотрите также: git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "выращивание, отметка и на�тройка вашей общей и�тории"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "�овме�тна� работа (�мотрите также: git help workflows)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Добавление �одержимого файла в индек�"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "И�пользовать двоичный пои�к изменени�, которое вно�ит ошибку"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Вывод �пи�ка, �оздание или удаление веток"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "Переключение веток или во��тановление файлов в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Клонирование репозитори� в новый каталог"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Запи�ь изменений в репозиторий"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "Вывод разницы между коммитами, коммитом и рабочим каталогом и т.д."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Загрузка объектов и ��ылок из другого репозитори�"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Вывод �трок, �оответ�твующих шаблону"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Создание пу�того репозитори� Git или переинициализаци� �уще�твующего"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Вывод и�тории коммитов"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Объединение одной или не�кольких и�торий разработки вме�те"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Перемещение или переименование файла, каталога или �имвольной ��ылки"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Извлечение изменений и объединение � другим репозиторием или локальной веткой"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Обновление внешних ��ылок и �в�занных объектов"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "Повторно применить коммиты над верхушкой другой ветки"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Сбро� текущего �о�то�ни� HEAD на указанное �о�то�ние"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Удаление файлов из рабочего каталога и индек�а"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Вывод различных типов объектов"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Вывод �о�то�ни� рабочего каталога"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Создание, вывод �пи�ка, удаление или проверка метки, подпи�анной � помощью GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "дата-окончани�"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "ничего не делает (о�тавлено дл� обратной �овме�тимо�ти)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "быть много�ловнее"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "тихий режим"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "и�пользовать <n> цифр дл� вывода SHA-1"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "обновить индек� � помощью переи�пользовани� разрешени� конфликта, е�ли возможно"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Вам нужно начать � помощью «git bisect start»"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Вы уверены, что хотите, чтобы � �делал �то [Y - да/n - нет]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "неопознанна� опци�: «$arg»"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "«$arg» не похоже на дей�твительную редакцию"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Плохой указатель HEAD — �еобходим указатель HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr "Сбой перехода на «$start_head». Попробуйте выполнить «git bisect reset <�уще�твующа�-ветка>»."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "нельз� выполнить двоичный пои�к на дереве по�ле cg-seek"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Плохой указатель HEAD — �транна� �имвольна� ��ылка"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Плохой аргумент bisect_write: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Плохой ввод номера редакции: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Пожалуй�та, вызывайте «bisect_state» как минимум � одним аргументом."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Плохой ввод номера редакции: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "«git bisect $TERM_BAD» может принимать только один аргумент."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "Предупреждение: попытка двоичного пои�ка � указанием только $TERM_BAD коммита."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Вы уверены [Y - да/n - нет]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr "Вам нужно передать мне как минимум одну $bad_syn и одну $good_syn редакцию.\n(Дл� �того вы можете и�пользовать команды «git bisect $bad_syn» и «git bisect $good_syn».)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr "Дл� начала нужно запу�тить «git bisect start».\nПо�ле �того, вам нужно передать мне как минимум одну $good_syn и одну $bad_syn редакцию.\n(Дл� �того вы можете и�пользовать команды «git bisect $good_syn» и «git bisect $good_syn».)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Вы �ейча� не в проце��е бинарного пои�ка."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "«$invalid» не �вл�ет�� дей�твительным коммитом"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr "�е удало�ь перейти на оригинальную ветку HEAD «$branch».\nПопробуйте запу�тить «git bisect reset <коммит>»."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "�е передан файл журнала"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "не удало�ь прочитать $file дл� повтора изменений"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? вы о чем?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "запу�каю $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить двоичный пои�к:\nкод завершени� $res от «$command» оказал�� < 0 или >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "bisect run больше не может продолжать"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr "не удало�ь выполнить двоичный пои�к:\n«bisect_state $state» завершил�� � кодом ошибки $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "bisect run выполнен у�пешно"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "и�пользуйте два разных определени�"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "«$term» не �вл�ет�� допу�тимым определением"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "нельз� и�пользовать в�троенную команду «$term» как определение"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "нельз� изменить значение определени� «$term»"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr "�едопу�тима� команда: вы �ейча� находите�ь на $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD двоичном пои�ке."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "определени� не заданы"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr "недопу�тимый аргумент $arg дл� «git bisect terms».\nПоддерживаемые параметры: --term-good|--term-old и --term-bad|--term-new."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort\"."
+msgstr "Когда вы разрешите �тот конфликт, запу�тите «git rebase --continue».\nЕ�ли вы хотите пропу�тить �тот патч, то запу�тите «git rebase --skip».\nЧтобы перейти на оригинальную ветку и о�тановить перемещение, запу�тите «git rebase --abort»."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Применено автоматиче�кое пр�танье."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �охранить $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr "Применение автоматиче�кого пр�тань� вызвало конфликты.\nВаши изменени� �пр�таны и в безопа�но�ти.\nВы можете выполнить «git stash pop» или «git stash drop» в любой момент.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Перехватчик пре-перемещени� отказал в перемещении."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Похоже, git-am выполн�ет��. Перемещение невозможно."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "�ет перемещени� в проце��е?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "Дей�твие --edit-todo может и�пользовать�� только при интерактивном перемещении."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь прочитать HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr "Вы должны отредактировать в�е\nконфликты �ли�ни�, а потом пометить\nих как разрешенные � помощью git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь перейти назад на $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr "Похоже, каталог $state_dir_base уже �уще�твует и � предполагаю, что вы в проце��е другого перемещени�.  Е�ли �то так, попробуйте\n\t$cmd_live_rebase\nЕ�ли нет\n\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\nи запу�тите мен� �нова.  Я о�танавливаю�ь, чтобы вы не потер�ли что-то важное."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "недей�твительна� выше�то�ща� ветка $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: имеет�� больше одной базы �ли�ни�"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: нет базы �ли�ни�"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "�е указывает на дей�твительный коммит: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "критиче�ка� ошибка: нет такой ветки: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь выполнить автоматиче�кое пр�танье"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Изменени� автоматиче�ки �пр�таны: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Сделайте коммит или �пр�чьте их."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Текуща� ветка $branch_name уже �вежа�."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "Текуща� ветка $branch_name уже �вежа�, принудительное перемещение."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Изменени� от $mb до $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "Сначала перематываем указатель текущего коммита, чтобы применить ваши изменени� поверх него…"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Перемотана вперед $branch_name до $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash очи�тка � параметрами не реализована"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "У ва� еще нет начального коммита"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �охранить текущее �о�то�ние индек�а"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �охранить текущее �о�то�ние рабочего каталога"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Изменени� не выбраны"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь удалить временный индек� (не должно �лучать��)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь запи�ать �о�то�ние рабочего каталога"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь обновить $ref_stash � помощью $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr "ошибка: неизве�тна� опци� дл� «stash save»: $option\n        Дл� предо�тавлени� �ообщени�, и�пользуйте git stash save -- «$option»"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "�ет локальных изменений дл� �охранени�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь инициализировать �пр�танные изменени�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �охранить текущий �тату�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь удалить изменени� рабочего каталога"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "неизве�тна� опци�: $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "�е найдены �пр�танные изменени�."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Передано �лишком много редакций: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference не �вл�ет�� дей�твительной ��ылкой"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "«$args» не похоже на коммит �о �пр�танными изменени�ми"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "«$args» не �вл�ет�� ��ылкой на �пр�танные изменени�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "не удало�ь обновить индек�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "�ельз� применить �пр�танные изменени� во врем� выполнени� �ли�ни�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Конфликты в индек�е. Попробуйте без --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �охранить дерево индек�а"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "�евозможно убрать из индек�а измененные файлы"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Индек� не был извлечён из �пр�танных изменений."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Отброшено ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: �е удало�ь отбро�ить запи�ь из �пр�танных изменений"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "�е указано им� ветки"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Чтобы во��тановить их, наберите «git stash apply»)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "Отно�ительный путь можно и�пользовать только наход��ь на вершине рабочего каталога"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "URL репозитори�: «$repo» должен быть аб�олютным или начинать�� � ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "«$sm_path» уже �одержит�� в индек�е"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr "Следующие пути игнорируют�� одним из ваших файлов .gitignore:\n$sm_path\nИ�пользуйте опцию -f, е�ли вы дей�твительно хотите его добавить."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Добавл�ю �уще�твующий репозиторий из «$sm_path» в индек�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "«$sm_path» уже �уще�твует и не �вл�ет�� дей�твительным репозиторием git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "Каталог git дл� «$sm_name» найден локально на внешних репозитори�х:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "Е�ли вы хотите переи�пользовать локальный каталог git вме�то повторного клонировани� из"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ", то и�пользуйте опцию «--force». Е�ли локальный каталог git не �вл�ет�� дей�твительным репозиторием"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "или е�ли вы не пон�ли, что �то значит, то про�то и�пользуйте другое им� � помощью опции «--name»."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Во��тановление локального каталога git дл� подмодул� «$sm_name»."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь переключить�� на �о�то�ние у подмодул� «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Сбой добавлени� подмодул� «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь зареги�трировать подмодуль «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Заходим в «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "О�танавливаем�� на «$displaypath»; �ценарий вернул не нулевой код возврата."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "�пецификацию пути и --all нельз� и�пользовать одновременно"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "И�пользуйте «--all», е�ли вы дей�твительно хотите деинициализировать в�е подмодули"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "Рабочий каталог подмодул� «$displaypath» �одержит каталог .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "(и�пользуйте «rm -rf», е�ли вы дей�твительно хотите удалить его, включа� в�ю его и�торию)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to"
+" discard them"
+msgstr "Рабочий каталог подмодул� «$displaypath» �одержит локальные изменени�; и�пользуйте «-f», чтобы отменить их"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Очищен каталог «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь удалить рабочий каталог подмодул� «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь �оздать пу�той каталог подмодул� «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль «$name» ($url) был �н�т � реги�трации по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь найти текущую редакцию дл� подмодул� по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь выполнить извлечение дл� подмодул� по пути «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь выполнить извлечение дл� подмодул� по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь переключить�� на �о�то�ние «$sha1» дл� подмодул� по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$displaypath»: забрано �о�то�ние «$sha1»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь переме�тить «$sha1» дл� подмодул� по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$displaypath»: перемещен над «$sha1»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь выполнить �ли�ние � «$sha1» дл� подмодул� по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$displaypath»: �лито � «$sha1»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Сбой выполнени� «$command $sha1» дл� подмодул� по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$displaypath»: «$command $sha1»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь выполнить рекур�ивно дл� подмодул� по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Опцию --cached нельз� и�пользовать одновременно � опцией --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "неизве�тный режим $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Предупреждение: $display_name не �одержит коммит $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Предупреждение: $display_name не �одержит коммит $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Предупреждение: $display_name не �одержит коммиты $sha1_src и $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "двоичный объект"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "�е удало�ь выполнить рекур�ивно дл� подмодул� по пути «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Синхронизаци� url дл� подмодул� «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "Дл� дополнительной информации, �мотрите git-${cmd}(1)."
diff --git a/po/sv.po b/po/sv.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7416af8c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/sv.po
@@ -0,0 +1,13237 @@
+# Swedish translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2016 Peter krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git 2.8.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-05-27 14:04+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
+"Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.6\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "tips: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Rätta dem i din arbetskatalog och använd sedan \"git add/rm <fil>\"\n"
+"som lämpligt för att ange lösning och checka in."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "Checka in dina ändringar innan du utför sammanslagningen."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "Avslutar på grund av ofullbordad sammanslagning."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<flaggor>] <träd-igt> [<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <arkiv> [--exec <kmd>] [<flaggor>] <träd-igt> "
+"[<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <arkiv> [--exec <kmd>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" motsvarade inte några filer"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "arkivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "prefix"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "lägg till prefix till varje sökväg i arkivet"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549 builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989 builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459 builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398
+#: builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fil"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "skriv arkivet till filen"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "läs .gitattributes i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "rapportera arkiverade filer på standard fel"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "endast spara"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "komprimera snabbare"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "komprimera bättre"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "visa understödda arkivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "arkiv"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "hämta arkivet från fjärrarkivet <arkiv>"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "kommando"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "sökväg till kommandot git-upload-archive på fjärren"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Negativa mönster ignoreras i git-attribut\n"
+"Använd '\\!' för att inleda med ett utropstecken."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"När du har rättat felorsaken kan du försöka rätta\n"
+"fjärrspårningsinformationen genom att utföra\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Ställer inte in grenen %s som sin egen uppströmsgren."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "Kan inte skriva inställningar för uppströmsgren"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Spårar inte: tvetydig information för referensen %s"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt grennamn."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Det finns redan en gren som heter \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte tvinga uppdatering av aktuell gren."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte ställa in spårning; startpunkten \"%s\" är inte en gren."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "den efterfrågade uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt basera ditt arbete på en uppströmsgren\n"
+"som redan finns på fjärren kan du behöva köra \"git fetch\"\n"
+"för att hämta den.\n"
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt sända in en ny lokal gren som skall\n"
+"spåra dess fjärrmotsvarighet kan du använda \"git push -u\"\n"
+"för att ställa in uppströmskonfigurationen när du sänder in."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är tvetydigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Avgreningspunkten är inte giltig: \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är redan utcheckad på \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "HEAD i arbetskatalogen %s har inte uppdaterats"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' ser inte ut som en v2-bundle-fil"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "okänt huvud: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\""
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Arkivet saknar dessa nödvändiga incheckningar:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa revisionstraversering"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) innehåller denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) innehåller dessa %d referenser:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Paketet (bundlen) beskriver en komplett historik."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver dessa %d referenser:"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Kunde inte starta pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "pack-objects misslyckades"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list dog"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "referensen \"%s\" exkluderas av argumenten till rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt argument: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Vägrar skapa ett tomt paket (bundle)."
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "index-pack dog"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "felaktigt färgvärde: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s är inte en incheckning!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "minnet slut"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "felaktig konfigurationsfil rad %d i %s %s"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt numeriskt konfigurationsvärde \"%s\" för \"%s\" i %s %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt numeriskt konfigurationsvärde \"%s\" för \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades expandera användarkatalog i: \"%s\""
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "felaktigt zlib-komprimeringsgrad %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt läge för skapande av objekt: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "kan inte tolka kommandoradskonfiguration"
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "okänt fel uppstod vid läsning av konfigurationsfilerna"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka värdet \"%s\" från kommandoradskonfiguration"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "felaktig konfigurationsvariabel \"%s\" i filen \"%s\" på rad %d"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s har flera värden"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte ställa in \"%s\" till \"%s\""
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte ta bort inställning för \"%s\""
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte köra \"git rev-list\""
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva till rev-list"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "kunde inte stänga rev-list:s standard in"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "i framtiden"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu sekund sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu sekunder sedan"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu minut sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu minuter sedan"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu timme sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu timmar sedan"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu dag sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu dagar sedan"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu vecka sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu veckor sedan"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu månad sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu månader sedan"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu år"
+msgstr[1] "%lu år"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, %lu månad sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%s, %lu månader sedan"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu år sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu år sedan"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa orderfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Utför onöjaktig namnbytesdetektering"
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Misslyckades tolka dirstat-avskärningsprocentandel \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Okänd dirstat-parameter \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Okänt värde för konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.submodule\": \"%s\""
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Hittade fel i konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.dirstat\":\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "extern diff dog, stannar vid %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow kräver exakt en sökvägsangivelse"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --dirstat/-X;\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --submodule: \"%s\""
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "misslyckades hämta kärnans namn och information"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr "Ospårad cache är inaktiverad på systemet eller platsen."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "kunde inte köra gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg godtog inte data"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg misslyckades signera data"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporära filen \"%s\""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades skriva fristående signatur till \"%s\""
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kunde inte läsa %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta status på \"%s\""
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "\"%s\": kort läsning"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "git-kommandon tillgängliga i \"%s\""
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "git-kommandon från andra platser i din $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "Dessa vanliga Git-kommandon används i olika situationer:"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"\"%s\" verkar vara ett git-kommando, men vi kan inte\n"
+"köra det. Kanske git-%s är trasigt?"
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Oj då. Ditt system rapporterar inga Git-kommandon alls."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"VARNING: Du anropade ett Git-kommando vid namn \"%s\", som inte finns.\n"
+"Fortsätter under förutsättningen att du menade \"%s\""
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "automatiskt om %0.1f sekunder..."
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: \"%s\" är inte ett git-kommando. Se \"git --help\"."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Menade du detta?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Menade du ett av dessa?"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte skapa \"%s.lock\": %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Det verkar som en annan git-process kör i det här arkivet, t.ex.\n"
+"ett textredigeringsprogram startat av \"git commit\". Se till att\n"
+"alla processer avslutats och försök sedan igen. Om det fortfarande\n"
+"misslyckas kanske en git-process har kraschat i det här arkivet\n"
+"tidigare:\n"
+"ta bort filen manuellt för att fortsätta."
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa \"%s.lock\": %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "misslyckades läsa cachen"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(felaktig incheckning)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "fel vid byggande av träd"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa sökvägen \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s för att göra plats för underkatalog\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": kanske en K/F-konflikt?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "vägrar förlora ospårad fil vid \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s: \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob förväntades för %s \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades öppna \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa symboliska länken \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "vet inte hur %06o %s \"%s\" skall hanteras"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Misslyckades exekvera intern sammanslagning"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till %s till databasen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "objekttyp som ej stöds upptäcktes i trädet"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
+"i trädet."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
+"i trädet vid %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "namnbyte"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "namnbytt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s är en katalog i %s lägger till som %s istället"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" på grenen \"%s\" "
+"namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" i \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (lämnad olöst)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. Namnbyte %s->%s i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s och %s till %s istället"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/tillägg): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. %s tillagd i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Lägger till sammanslagen %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Lägger till som %s istället"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "objektet %s är inte en blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "ändra"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "ändrad"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "innehåll"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "tillägg/tillägg"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Hoppade över %s (sammanslagen samma som befintlig)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Slår ihop %s automatiskt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "undermodul"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Sammanslagningskonflikt i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fil/katalog"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "katalog/fil"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s): Det finns en katalog med namnet %s i %s. Lägger till %s som %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Lägger till %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Ödesdigert sammanslagningsfel, borde inte inträffa."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Redan à jour!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "sammanslagning av träden %s och %s misslyckades"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Obehandlad sökväg??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Slår ihop:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "hittade %u gemensam förfader:"
+msgstr[1] "hittade %u gemensamma förfäder:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "sammanslagningen returnerade ingen incheckning"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva indexet."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka in oinitierat/orefererat anteckningsträd"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde för notes.rewriteMode: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Vägrar skriva över anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde på %s: \"%s\""
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka objektet: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "användning: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "     eller: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-TAL"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "felformat objektnamn \"%s\""
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Kunde inte göra %s skrivbar för gruppen"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"de globala sökvägsinställningarna \"glob\" och \"noglob\" är inkompatibla"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"den globala sökvägsinställningen \"literal\" är inkompatibel med alla andra "
+"globala sökvägsinställningar"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "ogiltig parameter för sökvägsuttrycket för \"prefix\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktigt sökvägsuttryck \"%.*s\" i \"%s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "\")\" saknas i slutet av sökvägsuttrycket för \"%s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Tecknet \"%c\" i sökvägsuttrycket i \"%s\" har inte implementerats"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: \"literal\" och \"glob\" är inkompatibla"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: \"%s\" är utanför arkivet"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" är i undermodulen \"%.*s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: sökvägsuttrycket hanteras inte av det här kommandot: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ingenting att exkludera från med :(exkludera)-mönster.\n"
+"Glömde du kanske att antingen lägga till \":/\" eller \".\"?"
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka format för --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "klart"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version satt, men värdet är ogiltigt.\n"
+"Använder version %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION satt, men värdet är ogiltigt.\n"
+"Använder version %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte ta bort referensen %s: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte ta bort referenser: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte ta bort referensen %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "förväntat format: %%(color:<color>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "okänd färg: %%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "okänt format: %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) tar inte argument"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) tar inte argument"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "positivt värde förväntat contents:lines=%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt %%(contents)-argument: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt %%(objectname)-argument: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "förväntat format: %%(align:<bredd>,<position>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "okänd position:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "okänd bredd:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt %%(align)-argument: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "positiv bredd förväntad med atomen %%(align)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "felformat fältnamn: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "okänt fältnamn: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "format: atomen %%(end) använd utan motsvarande atom"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "felformad formatsträng %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= kräver ett positivt heltalsargument"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "referensen \"%s\" har inte %ld komponenter för :strip"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "okänt \"%.*s\"-format %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "objektet %s saknas för %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "parse_object_buffer misslyckades på %s för %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "felformat objekt vid \"%s\""
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "ignorerar referens med trasigt namn %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "ignorerar trasig referens %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "format: atomen %%(end) saknas"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "felformat objektnamn %s"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta både %s och %s till %s"
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s spårar vanligtvis %s, inte %s"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s spårar både %s och %s"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Internt fel"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD pekar inte på en gren"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "okänd gren: \"%s\""
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "ingen standarduppström angiven för grenen \"%s\""
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" är inte lagrad som en fjärrspårande gren"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr "push-målet \"%s\" på fjärren \"%s\" har ingen lokalt spårande gren"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" har ingen fjärr för \"push\""
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "\"push\"-referensspecifikation för \"%s\" innehåller inte \"%s\""
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "\"push\" har inget mål (push.default är \"ingenting\")"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "\"enkel push\" motsvarar flera olika mål"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Din gren är baserad på \"%s\", men den har försvunnit uppströms.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git branch --unset-upstream\" för att rätta)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Din gren är à jour med \"%s\".\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckning.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckningar.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git push\" för att publicera dina lokala incheckningar)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Din gren ligger efter \"%s\" med %d incheckning, och kan snabbspolas.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Din gren ligger efter \"%s\" med %d incheckningar, och kan snabbspolas.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att uppdatera din lokala gren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Din gren och \"%s\" har divergerat,\n"
+"och har %d respektive %d olika incheckning.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Din gren och \"%s\" har divergerat,\n"
+"och har %d respektive %d olika incheckningar.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att slå ihop fjärrgrenen med din egen)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "din nuvarande gren verkar vara trasig"
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "din nuvarande gren \"%s\" innehåller ännu inte några incheckningar"
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent är inkompatibelt med --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades öppna /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) misslyckades"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "misslyckades underteckna push-certifikatet"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "mottagarsidan stöder inte push med --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"sänder inte push-certifikat eftersom mottagarsidan inte stlder push med --"
+"signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "mottagarsidan stöder inte push med --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"efter att ha löst konflikterna, markera de rättade sökvägarna\n"
+"med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"efter att ha löst konflikterna, markera de rättade sökvägarna\n"
+"med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\"\n"
+"och checka in resultatet med \"git commit\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"cherry-pick\"."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"revert\"."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Checka in dina ändringar eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte bestämma HEAD:s incheckning\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera cacheträd\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka incheckningen %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Din indexfil har inte slagits ihop."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Incheckning %s är en sammanslagning, men flaggan -m angavs inte."
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte förälder %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "Huvudlinje angavs, men incheckningen %s är inte en sammanslagning"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: kan inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta incheckningsmeddelande för %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte ångra %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tillämpa %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "den angivna uppsättningen incheckningar är tom"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: misslyckades läsa indexet"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: misslyckades uppdatera indexet"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "kan inte %s under en %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Kan inte tolka rad %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Inga incheckningar lästes."
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte öppna %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Oanvändbart manus: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktig nyckel: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde för %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Trasigt manus: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "en \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår redan"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "testa \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa \"sequencer\"-katalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "ingen \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "kan inte bestämma HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "kan inte avbryta från en gren som ännu inte är född"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "oväntat filslut"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "sparad HEAD-fil från före \"cherry-pick\", \"%s\", är trasig"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Kunde inte formatera %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" på typen \"%s\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: felaktig revision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Kan inte ångra som första incheckning"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" i ett tomt huvud"
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades läsa %s"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "Förväntade git-arkivversion <= %d, hittade %d"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "okända arkivutökningar hittades:"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "offset före slutet av packfilen (trasig .idx?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr "offset före slutet av packindex för %s (trasigt index?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr "offset borton slutet av packindex för %s (trunkerat index?)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git skapar normalt aldrig referenser som slutar med 40 hexadecimala\n"
+"tecken, då detta ignoreras när du anger 40-hex enbart. Dessa\n"
+"referenser kan skapas av misstag. Till exempel, för\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"där \"$br\" på något sätt blivit tomt och en 40-hex-referens skapats.\n"
+"Undersök referenserna och ta kanske bort dem. Stäng av meddelandet\n"
+"genom att köra \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte ändra .gitmodules-fil som inte slagits ihop, lös "
+"sammanslagningskonflikter först"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Hittade inte någon sektion i .gitmodules där sökväg=%s"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte uppdatera .gitmodules-posten %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort .gitmodules-posten för %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades köa uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "negativa värden är inte tillåtna för submodule.fetchJobs"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "ogiltigt värde för %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades utföra \"trailer\"-kommandot \"%s\""
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt värde \"%s\" för nyckeln \"%s\""
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "mer än en %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "tom släpradssymbol i släpraden \"%.*s\""
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa indatafilen \"%s\""
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa från standard in"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte ta status på %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "filen %s är inte en normal fil"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "filen %s är inte skrivbar av användaren"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna temporär file"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte byta nman på temporära file till %s"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa referensen %s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Dina lokala ändringar av följande filer skulle skrivas över av utcheckning:\n"
+"%%sChecka in dina ändringar eller använd \"stash\" innan du byter gren."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Dina lokala ändringar av följande filer skulle skrivas över av utcheckning:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Dina lokala ändringar av följande filer skulle skrivas över av "
+"sammanslagning:\n"
+"%%sChecka in dina ändringar eller använd \"stash\" innan du byter gren."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Dina lokala ändringar av följande filer skulle skrivas över av "
+"sammanslagning:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Dina lokala ändringar av följande filer skulle skrivas över av \"%s\":\n"
+"%%sChecka in dina ändringar eller använd \"stash\" innan du kan utföra \"%s"
+"\"."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Dina lokala ändringar av följande filer skulle skrivas över av \"%s\":\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdatering av följande kataloger gör att ospårade filer går förlorade i "
+"dem:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle tas bort av utcheckningen:\n"
+"%%sFlytta eller ta bort dem innan du byter gren."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle tas bort av utcheckningen:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle tas bort av "
+"sammanslagningen:\n"
+"%%sFlytta eller ta bort dem innan du byter gren."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle tas bort av "
+"sammanslagningen:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle tas bort av \"%s\":\n"
+"%%sFlytta eller ta bort dem innan du kan utföra \"%s\"."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle tas bort av \"%s\":\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle skrivas över av "
+"utcheckningen:\n"
+"%%sFlytta eller ta bort dem innan du byter gren."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle skrivas över av "
+"utcheckningen:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle skrivas över av "
+"sammanslagningen:\n"
+"%%sFlytta eller ta bort dem innan du byter gren."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle skrivas över av "
+"sammanslagningen:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle skrivas över av \"%s\":\n"
+"%%sFlytta eller ta bort dem innan du kan \"%s\"."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade filer i arbetskatalogen skulle skrivas över av \"%s\":\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "Posten \"%s\" överlappar \"%s\". Kan inte binda."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte uppdatera gles utcheckning: följande poster är inte àjour:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande filer i arbetskatalogen skulle skrivas över av uppdatering av gles "
+"utcheckning:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande filer i arbetskatalogen skulle tas bort av uppdatering av gles "
+"utcheckning:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "Avbryter\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Checkar ut filer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "ogiltig URL-schemanamn eller saknat \"://\"-suffix"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "ogiltig %XX-teckensekvens"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "värd saknas och schemat är inte \"file:\""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "en \"file:\"-URL kan inte innehålla portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "ogiltiga tecken i värdnamnet"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "felaktigt portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "felaktigt \"..\"-sökvägssegment"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för läsning och skrivning"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för läsning"
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\""
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "kan inte hämta aktuell arbetskatalog"
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna %s för skrivning"
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva till %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte stänga %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Ej sammanslagna sökvägar:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git reset %s <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rm --cached <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" som lämpligt för att ange lösning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rm <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Ändringar att checka in:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Ändringar ej i incheckningskön:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git checkout -- <fil>...\" för att förkasta ändringar i "
+"arbetskatalogen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (checka in eller förkasta ospårat eller ändrat innehåll i undermoduler)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git %s <fil>...\" för att ta med i det som skall checkas in)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "borttaget av bägge:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "tillagt av oss:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "borttaget av dem:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "tillagt av dem:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "borttaget av oss:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "tillagt av bägge:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "ändrat av bägge:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "programfel: ej hanterad \"unmerged\"-status %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "ny fil:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "kopierad:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "borttagen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "ändrad:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "namnbytt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "typbyte:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "okänd:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "osammanslagen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "nya incheckningar, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "ändrat innehåll, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "ospårat innehåll, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "programfel: diff-status %c ej hanterad"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Undermoduler ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Undermodulers ändringar att checka in:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Rör inte raden ovan.\n"
+"Allt nedan kommer tas bort."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Du har ej sammanslagna sökvägar."
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Alla konflikter har rättats men du är fortfarande i en sammanslagning."
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra sammanslagningen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en körning av \"git am\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Aktuell patch är tom."
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git am --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git am --abort\" för att återställa ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "Inga kommandon utförda."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "Sista kommandot utfört (%d kommando utfört):"
+msgstr[1] "Sista kommandot utfört (%d kommandon utfört):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  (se fler i filen %s)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "Inga kommandon återstår."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "Nästa kommando att utföra (%d kommando återstår):"
+msgstr[1] "Följande kommandon att utföra (%d kommandon återstår):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --edit-todo\" för att visa och redigera)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på att ombasera grenen \"%s\" ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --abort\" för att checka ut ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning i en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (Så fort din arbetskatalog är ren, kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att redigera en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Du håller på att redigera en incheckning under en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git commit --amend\" för att lägga till på aktuell incheckning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --continue\" när du är nöjd med dina ändringar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"cherry-pick\" av incheckningen %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git cherry-pick --abort\" för att avbryta \"cherry-pick\"-"
+"operationen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Du håller på med att ångra incheckningen %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git revert --abort\" för att avbryta ångrandet)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\", startad från grenen \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git bisect reset\" för att komma tillbaka till ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "PÃ¥ grenen "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "interaktiv ombasering pågår; ovanpå"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "ombasering pågår; ovanpå"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad vid "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad från "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Inte på någon gren för närvarande."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Första incheckning"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Ospårade filer"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Ignorerade filer"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna upp ospårade filer. \"status -uno\"\n"
+"kan gå snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så du inte glömmer\n"
+"lägga till nya filer själv (se \"git help status\")."
+
+# %s är nästa sträng eller tom.
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Ospårade filer visas ej%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (använd flaggan -u för att visa ospårade filer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Inga ändringar"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"inga ändringar att checka in (använd \"git add\" och/eller \"git commit -a"
+"\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "inga ändringar att checka in\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns (spåra med \"git add"
+"\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in (skapa/kopiera filer och spåra med \"git add\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in (använd -u för att visa ospårade filer)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in, arbetskatalogen ren\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Första incheckning på "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (ingen gren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "försvunnen"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "efter "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "före "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort länken \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<flaggor>] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "diff-status %c förväntades inte"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades uppdatera filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "ta bort \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter att ha uppdaterat indexet:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "redigering av patch misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta status på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Tom patch. Avbryter."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tillämpa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "Följande sökvägar ignoreras av en av dina .gitignore-filer:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "testkörning"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "var pratsam"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "plocka interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "välj stycken interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "redigera aktuell diff och applicera"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "tillåt lägga till annars ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "uppdatera spårade filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "registrera endast att sökvägen kommer läggas till senare"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "lägg till ändringar från alla spårade och ospårade filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignorera sökvägar borttagna i arbetskatalogen (samma som --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "lägg inte till, uppdatera endast indexet"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "hoppa bara över filer som inte kan läggas till på grund av fel"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "se om - även saknade - filer ignoreras i testkörning"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till dem.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades lägga till filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A och -u är ömsesidigt inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "Flaggan --ignore-missing kan endast användas tillsammans med --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Inget angivet, inget tillagt.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Kanske menade du att skriva \"git add .\"?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "indexfilen trasig"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka författarskript"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "\"%s\" togs bort av kroken applypatch-msg"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Felaktig indatarad: \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades kopiera anteckningar från \"%s\" till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "\"fseek\" misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka patchen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Endast en StGIT-patchserie kan tillämpas åt gången"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "ogiltig tidsstämpel"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "ogiltig \"Date\"-rad"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "ogiltig tidszons-offset"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Misslyckades detektera patchformat."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa katalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "Misslyckades dela patchar."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "kan inte skriva indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "När du har löst problemet, kör \"%s --continue\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr "Om du hellre vill hoppa över patchen, kör \"%s --skip\" i stället."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"För att återgå till ursprunglig gren och sluta patcha, kör \"%s --abort\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "Patchen är tom. Delades den upp felaktigt?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "ogiltig ident-rad: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka incheckningen %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Arkivet saknar objekt som behövs för att falla tillbaka på 3-"
+"vägssammanslagning."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Använder indexinfo för att återskapa ett basträd..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Har du handredigerat din patch?\n"
+"Den kan inte tillämpas på blobbar som antecknats i dess index."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr ""
+"Faller tillbaka på att patcha grundversionen och trevägssammanslagning..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Misslyckades slå ihop ändringarna."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree misslyckades skriva ett träd"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "tillämpar på en tom historik"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "kan inte återuppta: %s finns inte."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"kan inte vara interaktiv om standard in inte är ansluten till en terminal."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Incheckningskroppen är:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr "Tillämpa? Y=ja/N=nej/E=redigera/V=visa patch/A=godta alla: "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "Smutsigt index: kan inte tillämpa patchar (smutsiga: %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "Tillämpar: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Inga ändringar -- Patchen har redan tillämpats."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "Patch misslyckades på %s %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "En kopia av patchen som misslyckades finns i: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga ändringar - glömde du använda \"git add\"?\n"
+"Om det inte är något kvar att köa kan det hända att något annat redan\n"
+"introducerat samma ändringar; kanske du bör hoppa över patchen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Du har fortfarande sökvägar som inte slagits samman i ditt index.\n"
+"Glömde du använda \"git add\"?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Kan inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "misslyckades städa upp indexet"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Du verkar ha flyttat HEAD sedan \"am\" sist misslyckades.\n"
+"Återställer inte till ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde för --patch-format: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<flaggor>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<flaggor>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "kör interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "historisk flagga -- no-op"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "tillåt falla tillbaka på trevägssammanslagning om nödvändigt"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "var tyst"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "lägg till \"Signed-off-by\"-rad i incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "koda om till utf8 (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "sänd flaggan -k till git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "sänd flaggan -b till git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "sänd flaggan -m till git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "sänd flaggan --keep-cr till git-mailsplit för mbox-formatet"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr "sänd inte flaggan --keep-cr till git-mailsplit oberoende av am.keepcr"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "ta bort allting före en saxlinje"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "åtgärd"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "sänd det genom git-apply"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "rot"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134
+#: builtin/pull.c:193 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:645 builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "antal"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "format för patch(ar)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "överstyr felmeddelanden när patchfel uppstår"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "fortsätt applicera patchar efter att ha löst en konflikt"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "synonymer till --continue"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "hoppa över den aktuella grenen"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr "återställ originalgrenen och avbryt patchningen."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "ljug om incheckningsdatum"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "använd nuvarande tidsstämpel för författardatum"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "nyckel-id"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "GPG-signera incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(används internt av git-rebase)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggan -b/--binary har varit utan funktion länge, och\n"
+"kommer tas bort. Vi ber dig att inte använda den längre."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "misslyckades läsa indexet"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "tidigare rebase-katalog %s finns fortfarande, men mbox angavs."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Kvarbliven katalog %s hittades.\n"
+"Använd \"git am --abort\" för att ta bort den."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Lösningsoperation pågår inte, vi återupptar inte."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<flaggor>] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt alternativ för whitespace: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt alternativ för ignore-whitespace: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte förbereda reguljärt uttryck för tidsstämpeln %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec returnerade %d för indata: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "kan inte hitta filnamn i patchen på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - förväntade /dev/null, fick %s på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - motsägande nytt filnamn på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - motsägande gammalt filnamn på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - förväntade /dev/null på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: förväntade rad: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch-fragment utan huvud på rad %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"git-diff-huvudet saknar filnamnsinformation när %d ledande sökvägskomponent\n"
+"tas bort (rad %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"git-diff-huvudet saknar filnamnsinformation när %d ledande "
+"sökvägskomponenter\n"
+"tas bort (rad %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "ny fil beror på gammalt innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "borttagen fil har fortfarande innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "trasig patch på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "nya filen %s beror på gammalt innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "borttagna filen %s har fortfarande innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** varning: filen %s blir tom men har inte tagits bort"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "trasig binärpatch på rad %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "binärpatchen på rad %d känns inte igen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "patch med bara skräp på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa symboliska länken %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "felaktig inledning på rad: \"%c\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rad)."
+msgstr[1] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rader)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Sammanhang reducerat till (%ld/%ld) för att tillämpa fragment vid %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"vid sökning efter:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "saknar binära patchdata för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "binärpatchen kan inte tillämpas på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "binärpatchen på \"%s\" ger felaktigt resultat (förväntade %s, fick %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "patch misslyckades: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "kan inte checka ut %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "läser från \"%s\" som är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "sökvägen %s har ändrat namn/tagits bort"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: finns inte i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: motsvarar inte indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "patch för borttagning lämnar kvar filinnehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: fel typ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s har typen %o, förväntade %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "ogiltig sökväg: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: finns redan i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: finns redan i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o) för %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "den berörda filen \"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: patchen kan inte tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Kontrollerar patchen %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort %s från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "trasig patch för undermodulen %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta status på nyligen skapade filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa säkerhetsminne för nyligen skapade filen %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "kan inte lägga till cachepost för %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "stänger filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "kan inte skriva filen \"%s\" läge %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Tillämpade patchen %s rent."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "internt fel"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserad..."
+msgstr[1] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserade..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "trunkerar .rej-filnamnet till %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Stycke %d tillämpades rent."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Refuserar stycke %d."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "Ignorerar patch \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "indata känns inte igen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa indexfilen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "tillämpa inte ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "tillämpa ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "ta bort <antal> inledande snedstreck från traditionella diff-sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignorera tillägg gjorda av patchen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut diffstat för indata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "visa antal tillagda och borttagna rader decimalt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut en summering av indata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, se om patchen kan tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "se till att patchen kan tillämpas på aktuellt index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "tillämpa en patch utan att röra arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "godta en patch som rör filer utanför arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "tillämpa också patchen (använd med --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "försök en trevägssammanslagning om patchen inte kan tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "bygg ett temporärt index baserat på inbyggd indexinformation"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med NUL-tecken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "se till att åtminstone <n> rader sammanhang är lika"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "detektera nya eller ändrade rader som har fel i blanktecken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignorera ändringar i blanktecken för sammanhang"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "tillämpa patchen baklänges"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "förvänta inte minst en rad sammanhang"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "lämna refuserade stycken i motsvarande *.rej-filer"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "tillåt överlappande stycken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "tolerera felaktigt detekterade saknade nyradstecken vid filslut"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "lite inte på antalet linjer i styckehuvuden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "lägg till <rot> i alla filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna patchen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
+msgstr[1] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d rad lägger till fel i blanksteg."
+msgstr[1] "%d rader lägger till fel i blanksteg."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa arkivfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "kunde inte omdirigera utdata"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Fjärr utan URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: förväntade ACK/NAK, fick EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "fjärrfel: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: protokollfel"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: förväntade en tömning (flush)"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "utför 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "uppdatera BISECT_HEAD istället för att checka ut aktuell incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<flaggor>] [<rev-flaggor>] [<rev>] [--] <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<rev-flaggor> dokumenteras i git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "Klandra rader"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Visa klandringsposter när vi hittar dem, interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa blank SHA-1 för gränsincheckningar (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Behandla inte rotincheckningar som gränser (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Visa statistik över arbetskostnad"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Tvinga förloppsrapportering"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Visa utdatapoäng för klandringsposter"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Visa originalfilnamn (Standard: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa ursprungligt radnummer (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Visa i ett format avsett för maskinkonsumtion"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Visa porslinsformat med per-rad-incheckningsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Använd samma utdataläge som git-annotate (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa rå tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa lång inchecknings-SHA1 (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Undertryck författarnamn och tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa författarens e-post istället för namn (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Slösa extra cykler med att hitta bättre träff"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Använd revisioner från <fil> istället för att anropa git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Använd <fil>s innehåll som slutgiltig bild"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "poäng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Hitta kopierade rader inuti och mellan filer"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Hitta flyttade rader inuti och mellan filer"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Behandla endast radintervallet n,m, med början på 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4 år, 11 månader sedan"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] [-l] [-f] <grennamn> [<startpunkt>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] [-r] (-d | -D) <grennamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] (-m | -M) [<gammal_gren>] <ny_gren>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"tar bort grenen \"%s\" som har slagits ihop med\n"
+"         \"%s\", men ännu inte slagits ihop med HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"tar inte bort grenen \"%s\" som inte har slagits ihop med\n"
+"         \"%s\", trots att den har slagits ihop med HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen \"%s\" har inte slagits samman i sin helhet.\n"
+"Om du är säker på att du vill ta bort den, kör \"git branch -D %s\"."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "kan inte ange -a med -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort grenen \"%s\" som är utcheckad på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "fjärrspårande grenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av fjärrspårande grenen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av grenen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Tog bort fjärrspårande grenen %s (var %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Tog bort grenen %s (var %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: försvunnen]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: före %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[före %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: före %d, bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[före %d, bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ogiltig ref ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, ombaserar %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, \"bisect\" startad på %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD frånkopplat vid %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD frånkopplat från %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "Grenen %s ombaseras på %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "Grenen %s är i en \"bisect\" på %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte byta namn på aktuell gren när du inte befinner dig på någon."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt namn på gren: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Misslyckades byta namn på gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Bytte bort namn på en felaktigt namngiven gren \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Grenen namnbytt till %s, men HEAD har inte uppdaterats!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Grenen namnbytt, men misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfilen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva grenbeskrivningsmall"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "visa hash och ärenderad, ange två gånger för uppströmsgren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "undertryck informationsmeddelanden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "ställ in spårningsläge (se git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "ändra uppströmsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "uppströms"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "ändra uppströmsinformationen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "använd färgad utdata"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "arbeta på fjärrspårande grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "visa endast grenar som innehåller incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Specifika git-branch-åtgärder:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "visa både fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "ta bort helt sammanslagen gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "ta bort gren (även om inte helt sammanslagen)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren och dess reflogg"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren, även om målet finns"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "lista namn på grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "skapa grenens reflogg"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "redigera beskrivning för grenen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "tvinga skapande, flytt/namnändring, borttagande"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "visa endast sammanslagna grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "visa endast ej sammanslagna grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "visa grenar i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "nyckel"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "fältnamn att sortera på"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objekt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "visa endast grenar för objektet"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Misslyckades slå upp HEAD som giltig referens"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD hittades inte under refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column och --verbose är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "grennamn krävs"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte beskriva frånkopplad HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "kan inte redigera beskrivning för mer än en gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Inga incheckningar på grenen \"%s\" ännu"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Ingen gren vid namnet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "för många grenar för namnbyte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att byta uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte sätta uppström för HEAD till %s när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "okänd gren \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att ta bort uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte ta bort uppström för HEAD när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" har ingen uppströmsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa \"HEAD\" manuellt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"flaggorna -a och -r på \"git branch\" kan inte anges tillsammans med ett "
+"grennamn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggan --set-upstream rekommenderas ej och kommer tas bort. Använd --track "
+"eller --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Om du vill göra så att \"%s\" spårar \"%s\" gör du så här:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s är okej\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Behöver ett arkiv för att skapa ett paket (bundle)."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Behöver ett arkiv för att packa upp ett paket (bundle)."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<typ>|--textconv) <objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<typ> kan vara en av: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "visa objekttyp"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "visa objektstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "avsluta med noll när det inte uppstått något fel"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "visa objektets innehåll snyggt"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "för blob-objekt, kör textconv på objektets innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "låter -s och -t att fungera med trasiga/sönderskrivna objekt"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "buffra utdata från --batch"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "visa information och innehåll för objekt som listas på standard in"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "visa information för objekt som listas på standard in"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr ""
+"följ symboliska länkar i trädet (använd med --batch eller --batch-check)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "visa alla objekt med --batch eller --batch-check"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "visa alla attribut som satts på filen"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "använd .gitattributes endast från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "läs filnamn från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "avsluta in- och utdataposter med NUL-tecken"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "undertryck förloppsrapportering"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "visa indatasökvägar som inte träffas"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignorera index vid kontroll"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "kan inte ange sökvägsnamn med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z kan endast användas tillsammans med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "ingen sökväg angavs"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet kan endast användas med ett enkelt sökvägsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "kan inte använda både --quiet och --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching är endast giltig med --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<flaggor>] <kontakt>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "läs även kontakter från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka kontakt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "inga kontakter angavs"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<flaggor>] [--] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "etapp måste vara mellan 1 och 3 eller \"all\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "checka ut alla filer i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "tvinga överskrivning av befintliga filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "ingen varning för existerande filer och filer ej i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "checka inte ut nya filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "uppdatera stat-information i indexfilen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "läs listan över sökvägar från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "skriv innehåll till temporära filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "sträng"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "när filer skapas, lägg till <sträng> först"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "kopiera ut filer från namngiven etapp"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<flaggor>] <gren>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<flaggor>] [<gren>] -- <fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte vår version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte deras version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte alla nödvändiga versioner"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte nödvändiga versioner"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "sökväg \"%s\": kan inte slå ihop"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till sammanslagningsresultat för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid uppdatering av sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "indexfilen är trasig"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte slagits ihop"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "du måste lösa ditt befintliga index först"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "Kan inte skapa referenslogg för \"%s\": %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD är nu på"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Återställ gren \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Redan på \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Växlade till och nollställde grenen \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Växlade till en ny gren \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Växlade till grenen \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... och %d till.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Varning: du lämnar %d incheckning bakom dig som inte är ansluten till\n"
+"någon av dina grenar:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Varning: du lämnar %d incheckningar bakom dig som inte är ansluta till\n"
+"någon av dina grenar:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Om du vill behålla den genom att skapa en ny gren är nu en bra tidpunkt\n"
+"att göra så, med:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <nytt_grennamn> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Om du vill behålla dem genom att skapa en ny gren är nu en bra tidpunkt\n"
+"att göra så, med:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <nytt_grennamn> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "internt fel vid genomgång av revisioner (revision walk)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Tidigare position för HEAD var"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Du är på en gren som ännu inte är född"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "endast en referens förväntades, %d gavs."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "felaktig referens: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "referensen är inte ett träd: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "sökvägar kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte växla gren till icke-incheckningen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "skapa och checka ut en ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "skapa/nollställ och checka ut en gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "skapa reflogg för ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "koppla från HEAD vid namngiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "sätt uppströmsinformation för ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "ny-gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "ny gren utan förälder"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checka ut vår version för ej sammanslagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checka ut deras version för ej sammanslagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "tvinga utcheckning (kasta bort lokala ändringar)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "utför en 3-vägssammanslagning för den nya grenen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "uppdatera ignorerade filer (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "stil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "konfliktstil (merge eller diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "begränsa inte sökvägar till endast glesa poster"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "förutspå \"git checkout <gren-saknas>\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr ""
+"kontrollera inte om en annan arbetskatalog håller den angivna referensen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "tvinga förloppsrapportering"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B och --orphan är ömsesidigt uteslutande"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track behöver ett namn på en gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Grennamn saknas; försök med -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "felaktig sökvägsangivelse"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt.\n"
+"Ville du checka ut \"%s\" som inte kan lösas som en utcheckning?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach tar inte en sökväg som argument \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force och --merge är inkompatibla när\n"
+"du checkar ut från indexet."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <mönster>] [-x | -X] [--] "
+"<sökvägar>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle ta bort %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Hoppar över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle hoppa över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandohjälp:\n"
+"1          - markera en numrerad post\n"
+"foo        - markera post baserad på unikt prefix\n"
+"           - (tomt) markera ingenting"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandohjälp:\n"
+"1          - markera en ensam post\n"
+"3-5        - markera ett intervall med poster\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - markera flera intervall\n"
+"foo        - markera post baserad på unikt prefix\n"
+"-...       - avmarkera specifika poster\n"
+"*          - välj alla poster\n"
+"           - (tomt) avsluta markering"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Vadå (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Ange ignoreringsmönster>>"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "VARNING: Hittar inte poster som motsvarar: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Välj poster att ta bort"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Ta bort %s [Y=ja / N=nej]?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Hej då."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - börja städa\n"
+"filter by pattern   - uteslut poster från borttagning\n"
+"select by numbers   - markera poster som ska tas bort med siffror\n"
+"ask each            - bekräfta varje borttagning (som \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - sluta städa\n"
+"help                - denna skärm\n"
+"?                   - hjälp för kommandoval"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Kommandon ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Vad nu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Skulle ta bort följande post:"
+msgstr[1] "Skulle ta bort följande poster:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Inga fler filer att städa, avslutar."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "skriv inte ut namn på borttagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "tvinga"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "städa interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "ta bort hela kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "mönster"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "lägg till <mönster> till ignoreringsregler"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "ta även bort ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "ta endast bort ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x och -X kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce satt till true, men varken -i, -n eller -f angavs; vägrar "
+"städa"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce har standardvärdet true och varken -i, -n eller -f "
+"angavs; vägrar städa"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<flaggor>] [--] <arkiv> [<kat>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "skapa inte någon utcheckning"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "skapa ett naket (\"bare\") arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "skapa ett spegelarkiv (implicerar \"bare\")"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "för att klona från ett lokalt arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "skapa inte lokala hårda länkar, kopiera alltid"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "skapa som ett delat arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initiera undermoduler i klonen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "antal undermoduler som klonas parallellt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "mallkatalog"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "katalog att använda mallar från"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "referensarkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "använd --reference endast under kloningen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "namn"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "använd <namn> istället för \"origin\" för att spåra uppströms"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "checka ut <gren> istället för fjärrens HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "sökväg till git-upload-pack på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "djup"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "skapa en grund klon på detta djup"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "klona endast en gren, HEAD eller --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "klonade undermoduler kommer vara grunda"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitkat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "separera gitkatalogen från arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "nyckel=värde"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "ställ in konfiguration i det nya arkivet"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "använd endast IPv4-adresser"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "använd endast IPv6-adresser"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte gissa katalognamn.\n"
+"Ange en katalog på kommandoraden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" som en länkad utcheckning stöds inte ännu."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är inte ett lokalt arkiv."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är grunt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är ympat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s finns och är ingen katalog"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta status på %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa länken \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades kopiera filen till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "klart.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen lyckades, men utcheckningen misslyckades.\n"
+"Du kan inspektera det som checkades ut med \"git status\"\n"
+"och försöka checka ut igen med \"git checkout -f HEAD\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärrgrenen %s för att klona."
+
+# Vague original, not networking-related, but rather related to the actual
+# objects downloaded.
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Kontrollerar om vi fick alla objekt..."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "fjärren sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"HEAD hos fjärren pekar på en obefintlig referens, kan inte checka ut.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "kunde inte checka ut arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva parametrar till konfigurationsfilen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "kan inte packa om för att städa upp"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "kunde inte ta bort temporär \"alternates\"-fil"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "För många argument."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Du måste ange ett arkiv att klona."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --origin %s är inkompatibla."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --separate-git-dir är inkompatibla."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "arkivet \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "djupet %s är inte ett positivt tal"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "destinationssökvägen \"%s\" finns redan och är inte en tom katalog."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "arbetsträdet \"%s\" finns redan."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa inledande kataloger för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klonar till ett naket arkiv \"%s\"...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klonar till \"%s\"...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth ignoreras i lokala kloningar; använd file:// istället"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "källarkivet är grunt, ignorerar --local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local ignoreras"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Vet inte hur man klonar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Fjärrgrenen %s hittades inte i uppströmsarkivet %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Du verkar ha klonat ett tomt arkiv."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "slå upp konfigurationsvariabler"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "utseende att använda"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Maximal bredd"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad i vänsterkanten"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad i högerkanten"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad mellan spalter"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command måste vara första argument"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<flaggor>] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<flaggor>] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ditt namn och e-postadress konfigurerades automatiskt baserat på\n"
+"ditt användar-id och värdnamn. Kontrollera att de är riktiga. Du\n"
+"kan förhindra det här meddelandet genom att ställa dem explicit.\n"
+"Kör följande kommandon och följ instruktionerna i textredigeraren\n"
+"för att redigera din konfigurationsfil:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"När du gjort det kan du rätta identiteten som användes för den här\n"
+"incheckningen med:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ditt namn och e-postadress konfigurerades automatiskt baserat på\n"
+"ditt användar-id och värdnamn. Kontrollera att de är riktiga. Du\n"
+"kan förhindra det här meddelandet genom att ställa dem explicit:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Ditt namn\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email du@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"När du gjort det kan du rätta identiteten som användes för den här\n"
+"incheckningen med:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du bad om att utöka den senaste incheckningen, men om du gör det\n"
+"blir den tom. Du kan köra kommandot på nytt med --allow-empty, eller\n"
+"så kan du ta bort incheckningen helt med \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Den tidigare \"cherry-pick\":en är nu tom, kanske på grund av en löst\n"
+"konflikt. Om du vill checka in den ändå använder du:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Använd annars \"git reset\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Om du vill hoppa över incheckningen, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"\"git cherry-pick --continue\" kommer därefter att återuppta\n"
+"cherry-pick för återstående incheckningar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "misslyckades packa upp HEAD:s trädobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporär indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "interaktiv tilläggning misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera temporärt index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Misslyckades uppdatera huvud-cacheträdet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva filen new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en sammanslagning."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en cherry-pick."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa indexet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva temporär indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "incheckningen \"%s\" saknar författarhuvud"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "incheckningen \"%s\" har felformaterat författarhuvud"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "felformad \"--author\"-flagga"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt datumformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte välja ett kommentarstecken som inte använts\n"
+"i det befintliga incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte slå upp incheckningen %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(läser loggmeddelande från standard in)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa logg från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa loggfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsmall"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Det verkar som du checkar in en sammanslagning.\n"
+"Om det inte stämmer tar du bort filen\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"och försöker igen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Det verkar som du checkar in en cherry-pick.\n"
+"Om det inte stämmer tar du bort filen\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"och försöker igen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande avbryter "
+"incheckningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om du vill.\n"
+"Ett tomt meddelande avbryter incheckningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sFörfattare: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sDatum:      %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sIncheckare: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Kan inte läsa indexet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Fel vid byggande av träd"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Ange meddelandet en av flaggorna -m eller -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' är inte 'Namn <epost>' och matchar ingen befintlig författare"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Ogiltigt läge för ospårade filer: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long och -z är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Kan inte använda både --reset-author och --author"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Du har inget att utöka."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en sammanslagning -- kan inte utöka."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en cherry-pick -- kan inte utöka."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Flaggorna --squash och --fixup kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Endast en av -c/-C/-F/--fixup kan användas."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Flaggan -m kan inte kombineras med -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author kan endast användas med -C, -c eller --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Endast en av --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch kan användas."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Du måste ange sökvägar tillsammans med --include/--only."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Smart... utöka den senaste med smutsigt index."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Explicita sökvägar angavs utan -i eller -o; antar --only sökvägar..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Felaktigt städningsläge %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Kan inte ange sökvägar med -a."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "visa koncis status"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "visa information om gren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "maskinläsbar utdata"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "visa status i långt format (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "terminera poster med NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "läge"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr "visa ospårade filer, valfria lägen: alla, normal, no. (Standard: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "visa ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "när"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorera ändringar i undermoduler, valfritt när: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "visa ospårade filer i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "kunde inte slå upp en precis skapad incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka en precis skapad incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "frånkopplad HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (rotincheckning)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "undertryck sammanfattning efter framgångsrik incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "visa diff i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningsmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "läs meddelande från fil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "författare"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "överstyr författare för incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "datum"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "överstyr datum för incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "återanvänd och redigera meddelande från angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "återanvänd meddelande från angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att fixa angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att slå ihop med angiven "
+"incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "jag är nu författare av incheckningen (används med -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "lägg till Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "använd angiven mallfil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "tvinga redigering av incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "hur blanksteg och #kommentarer skall tas bort från meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "inkludera status i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "GPG-signera incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningens innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "checka in alla ändrade filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "lägg till angivna filer till indexet för incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "lägg till filer interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "lägg till ändringar interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "checka endast in angivna filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "förbigå pre-commit-krok"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "visa vad som skulle checkas in"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "lägg till föregående incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "förbigå post-rewrite-krok"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "ok att registrera en tom ändring"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "ok att registrera en ändring med tomt meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka HEAD:s incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Trasig MERGE_HEAD-fil (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa incheckningsmeddelande: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Avbryter incheckning; meddelandet inte redigerat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Avbryter på grund av tomt incheckningsmeddelande.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Arkivet har uppdaterats, men kunde inte skriva filen\n"
+"new_index. Kontrollera att disken inte är full och\n"
+"att kvoten inte har överskridits, och kör sedan\n"
+"\"git reset HEAD\" för att återställa."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Konfigurationsfilens plats"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "använd global konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "använd systemets konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "använd arkivets konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "använd angiven konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "läs konfiguration från givet blob-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Åtgärd"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta värde: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta alla värden: nyckel [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta värden för reguttr: namn-reguttr [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "hämta värde specifikt URL:en: sektion[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "ersätt alla motsvarande variabler: namn värde [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "lägg till en ny variabel: namn värde"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "ta bort en variabel: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "ta bort alla träffar: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "byt namn på sektion: gammalt-namn nytt-namn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "ta bort en sektion: namn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "visa alla"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "öppna textredigeringsprogram"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "hitta den inställda färgen: slot [default]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "hitta färginställningen: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Typ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "värdet är \"true\" eller \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "värdet är ett decimalt tal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "värdet är --bool eller --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "värdet är en sökväg (fil- eller katalognamn)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Andra"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminera värden med NUL-byte"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "visa endast variabelnamn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respektera inkluderingsdirektiv vid uppslag"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr "visa konfigurationskälla (fil, standard in, blob, kommandorad)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "kan inte tolka standardfärgvärde"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Detta är Gits användarspecifika konfigurationsfil\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Justera och ta bort kommenteringsmärket från följande rader:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa konfigurationsfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "skriv storlekar i människoläsbart format"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<flaggor>] [<incheckning-igt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<flaggor>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s inte tillgänglig"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s har inget inbäddat namn"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "taggen \"%s\" är i verkligheten \"%s\" här"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s är inte ett giltigt \"%s\"-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "ingen tagg motsvarar \"%s\" exakt"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "söker för att beskriva %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "avslutade sökning på %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga annoterade taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
+"Det finns dock oannoterade taggar: testa --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
+"Testa --always, eller skapa några taggar."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "traverserade %lu incheckningar\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mer än %i taggar hittades; listar de %i senaste\n"
+"gav upp sökningen vid %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "hitta taggen som kommer efter incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "felsök sökstrategin på standard fel"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "använd alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "använd alla taggar, även oannoterade"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "använd alltid långt format"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "följ endast första föräldern"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "skriv endast ut exakta träffar"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "överväg de <n> nyaste taggarna (standard: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "överväg endast taggar som motsvarar <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "visa förkortade incheckningsobjekt som standard"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "märke"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "lägg till <märke> på lortigt arbetsträd (standard: \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long är inkompatibel med --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Inga namn hittades, kan inte beskriva något."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"commit-ish\"-värden"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "\"%s\": inte en normal fil eller symbolisk länk"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "ogiltig flagga: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Inte ett git-arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objektet \"%s\" som angavs är felaktigt."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "mer än två blobbar angavs: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "ej hanterat objekt \"%s\" angavs."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-flaggor]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "visa förlopp efter <n> objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "välj hantering av signerade taggar"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "välj hantering av taggar som har taggfiltrerade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Dump märken till filen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Importera märken från filen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Fejka taggare när taggen saknar en"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Skriv ut hela trädet för varje incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Använd done-funktionen för att avsluta strömmen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Hoppa över skrivning av blob-data"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "referensspecifikation"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Applicera referensspecifikation på exporterade referenser"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "anonymisera utdata"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<flaggor>] [<arkiv> [<refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<flaggor>] <grupp>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<flaggor>] [(<arkiv> | <grupp>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "hämta från alla fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "lägg till i .git/FETCH_HEAD istället för att skriva över"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "sökväg till upload pack på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "tvinga överskrivning av lokal gren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "hämta från flera fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "hämta alla taggar och associerade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "hämta inte alla taggar (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "antal undermoduler som hämtas parallellt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "rensa fjärrspårande grenar ej längre på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "on-demand"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "styr rekursiv hämtning av undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "behåll hämtade paket"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "tillåt uppdatering av HEAD-referens"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "fördjupa historik för grund klon"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "konvertera till komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "kat"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "lägg till i början av undermodulens sökvägsutdata"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "standardläge för rekursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "tar emot referenser som uppdaterar .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "referenskarta"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "ange referenskarta för \"fetch\""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärr-referensen HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objektet %s hittades inte"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[àjour]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kan inte hämta i aktuell gren)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[refuserad]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[uppdaterad tagg]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[ny tagg]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[ny gren]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[ny ref]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "tvingad uppdatering"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(ej snabbspolad)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "avvisa %s då grunda rötter inte kan uppdateras"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Från %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"vissa lokala referenser kunde inte uppdateras; testa att köra\n"
+" \"git remote prune %s\" för att ta bort gamla grenar som står i konflikt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s kommer bli dinglande)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s har blivit dinglande)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[borttagen]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(ingen)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Vägrar hämta till aktuell gren %s i ett icke-naket arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" och värdet \"%s\" är inte giltigt för %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" ignoreras för %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Vet inte hur man hämtar från %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Hämtar %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Inget fjärrarkiv angavs. Ange antingen en URL eller namnet på ett\n"
+"fjärrarkiv som nya incheckningar skall hämtas från."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Du måste ange namnet på en tagg."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth och --unshallow kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow kan inte användas på ett komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all tar inte namnet på ett arkiv som argument"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all kan inte anges med referensspecifikationer"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "Fjärren eller fjärrgruppen finns inte: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta från grupp och ange referensspecifikationer"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <meddelande>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <fil>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "fyll i loggen med som mest <n> poster från shortlog"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "alias för --log (avråds)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "inled meddelande med <text>"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "fil att läsa från"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<flaggor>] [<mönster>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points-at <objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för skal"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "visa endast <n> träffade refs"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "format att använda för utdata"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "visa endast referenser som pekar på objektet"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "visa endast referenser som slagits samman"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "visa endast referenser som ej slagits samman"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "visa endast referenser som innehåller incheckningen"
+
+# Vague original, not networking-related, but rather related to the actual
+# objects in the database.
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Kontrollerar konnektivitet"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Kontrollerar objektkataloger"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<flaggor>] [<objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "visa onåbara objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "visa dinglande objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "rapportera taggar"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "rapportera rotnoder"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "gör indexojekt till huvudnoder"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "gör refloggar till huvudnoder (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "ta även hänsyn till paket och alternativa objekt"
+
+# Vague original, not networking-related, but rather related to the actual
+# objects in the database.
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "kontrollera endast konnektivitet"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "aktivera striktare kontroll"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "skriv dinglande objekt i .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "visa förlopp"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Kontrollerar objekt"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt %s: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "tokigt lång objektkatalog %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Senaste körningen av git gc rapporterade följande. Fixa grundproblemet\n"
+"och ta bort %s.\n"
+"Automatisk städning kommer inte utföras förrän filen tas bort.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "rensa ej refererade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "var mer grundlig (ökar körtiden)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "aktivera auto-gc-läge"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "tvinga gc-körning även om en annan gc kanske körs"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Packar arkivet automatiskt i bakgrunden för optimal prestanda.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Packar arkivet automatiskt för optimal prestanda.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Se \"git help gc\" för manuell hushållning.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc körs redan på maskinen \"%s\" pid %<PRIuMAX> (använd --force om så inte "
+"är fallet)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Det finns för många onåbara lösa objekt; kör \"git prune\" för att ta bort "
+"dem."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<flaggor>] [-e] <mönster> [<rev>...] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: misslyckades skapa tråd. %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt antal trådar angivet (%d) för %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa träd (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte \"grep\" från objekt av typen %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "flaggan \"%c\" antar ett numeriskt värde"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "sök i indexet istället för i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "sök i innehåll som inte hanteras av git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "sök i både spårade och ospårade filer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "ignorera filer angivna i \".gitignore\""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "visa rader som inte träffas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "skiftlägesokänslig sökning"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "matcha endast mönster vid ordgränser"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "hantera binärfiler som text"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "träffa inte mönster i binärfiler"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "hantera binärfiler med textconv-filter"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "gå som mest ned <djup> nivåer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "använd utökade POSIX-reguljära uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "använd grundläggande POSIX-reguljära uttryck (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "tolka mönster som fixerade strängar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "använd Perlkompatibla reguljära uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "visa radnummer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "visa inte filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "visa filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "visa filnamn relativa till toppkatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "visa endast filnamn istället för träffade rader"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "synonym för --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "visa endast namn på filer utan träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "skriv NUL efter filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "visa antal träffar istället för träffade rader"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "ljusmarkera träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "skriv tomma rader mellan träffar från olika filer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "visa filnamn endast en gång ovanför träffar från samma fil"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före och efter träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang efter träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "använd <n> jobbtrådar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "genväg för -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "visa en rad med funktionsnamnet före träffen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "visa den omkringliggande funktionen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "läs mönster från fil"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "träffa <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "kombinera mönster som anges med -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "ange träff med slutstatuskod utan utdata"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "visa endast träffar från filer som träffar alla mönster"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "visa analysträd för grep-uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "bläddrare"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "visa träffade filer i filbläddraren"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "tillåt anropa grep(1) (ignoreras av detta bygge)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "inget mönster angavs."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "felaktigt antal trådar angivet (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager fungerar endast i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached och --untracked kan inte användas med --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index och --untracked kan inte användas med revisioner."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard kan inte användas för spårat innehåll."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "både --cached och träd angavs."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <typ>] [-w] [--path=<fil> | --no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "typ"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "objekttyp"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "skriv objektet till objektdatabasen"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "läs objektet från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "spara filen som den är utan filer"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"hasha slumpmässigt skräp för att skapa korrupta objekt för felsökning av Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "hantera filen som om den kom från sökvägen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "visa alla tillgängliga kommandon"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "lista användbara vägledningar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "visa manualsida"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "visa manual i webbläsare"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "visa info-sida"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<kommando>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt hjälpformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Misslyckades starta emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka emacsclient-version."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "emacsclient version \"%d\" för gammal (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "exec misslyckades för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"\"%s\": sökväg för man-visare som ej stöds.\n"
+"Använd \"man.<verktyg>.cmd\" istället."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"\"%s\": kommando för man-visare som stöds.\n"
+"Använd \"man.<verktyg>.path\" istället."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "\"%s\": okänd man-visare."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "ingen man-visare hanterade förfrågan"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "ingen info-visare hanterade förfrågan"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definierar attribut per sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Git för dagligt bruk i ungefär 20 kommandon"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "En Git-ordlista"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Ange avsiktligen ospårade filer att ignorera"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Ange egenskaper för undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Ange versioner och intervall i Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Introduktion till Git (för version 1.5.1 och senare)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Översikt över rekommenderade arbetsflöden med Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "De vanliga Git-vägledningarna är:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "användning: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "\"git %s\" är ett alias för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "objekttyp stämmer inte överens vid %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "emottog inte det förväntade objektet %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "objektet %s: förväntad typ %s, såg %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
+msgstr[1] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "tidigt filslut"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "indataläsfel"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "använde fler byte än tillgängligt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "paket för stort för nuvarande definition av off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna paketfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "paketsignatur stämmer inte överens"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "paketversion %<PRIu32> stöds ej"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "paketet har felaktigt objekt vid index %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "inflate returnerade %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "indexvärdespill för deltabasobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "deltabasindex utanför gränsen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "okänd objekttyp %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "kan inte utföra \"pread\" på paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
+msgstr[1] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "allvarlig inflate-inkonsekvens"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "SHA1-KOLLISION UPPTÄCKT VID %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa befintligt objekt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "ogiltigt blob-objekt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "ogiltigt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Fel i objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Inte alla barnobjekt för %s kan nås"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "misslyckades tillämpa delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Tar emot objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Skapar index för objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "paketet är trasigt (SHA1 stämmer inte)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "kan inte utföra \"fstat\" på paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "paket har skräp i slutet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett i parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Analyserar delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa tråd: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "slutfördes med %d lokalt objekt"
+msgstr[1] "slutfördes med %d lokala objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Oväntad svanschecksumma för %s (trasig disk?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "paketet har %d oanalyserat delta"
+msgstr[1] "paketet har %d oanalyserade delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "kunde inte utföra \"deflate\" på tillagt objekt (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "lokalt objekt %s är trasigt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "fel vid stängning av paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta skriva \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "akn inte stänga skriven \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "kan inte spara paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "kan inte spara indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "felaktig pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "trådstöd saknas, ignorerar %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintlig paketfil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintlig paket-idx-fil för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
+msgstr[1] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
+msgstr[1] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "paketfilnamnet \"%s\" slutar inte med \".pack\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Kan inte gå tillbaka till arbetskatalogen (cwd)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "felaktig %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin kan inte användas med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify angavs utan paketfilnamn"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta status på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta status på mallen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna katalogen (opendir) \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa länk (readlink) \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa symbolisk länk \"%s\" \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte kopiera \"%s\" till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "ignorerar mallen %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "mallarna hittades inte %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "kopierade inte mallar från \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s finns redan"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "kan inte hantera filtyp %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "kan inte flytta %s till %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s Git-arkiv i %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Ominitierade befintligt"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Initierade tomt"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " delat"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<mallkatalog>] [--"
+"shared[=<behörigheter>]] [<katalog>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "behörigheter"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "ange att git-arkivet skall delas bland flera användare"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa katalogen (mkdir) %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "kan inte byta katalog (chdir) till %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (eller --work-tree=<katalog>) inte tillåtet utan att ange %s (eller --git-"
+"dir=<katalog>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte komma åt arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<symbol>[(=|:)<värde>])...] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "redigera filer på plats"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "ta bort tomma släprader"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "släprad"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "släprad(er) att lägga till"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "ingen indatafil angiven för redigering på plats"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<flaggor>] <objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "ogiltig flagga för --decorate: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "undertryck diff-utdata"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "visa källkod"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Använd e-postmappningsfil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "dekoreringsflaggor"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Behandla radintervallet n,m i filen, med början på 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Slututdata: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: felaktig fil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Okänd typ: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers utan värde"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "namnet på utdatakatalogen är för långt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte öppna patchfilen %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Behöver precis ett intervall."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Inte ett intervall."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Omslagsbrevet behöver e-postformat"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "tokigt in-reply-to: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<flaggor>] [<sedan> | <revisionsintervall>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Två utdatakataloger?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Okänd incheckning %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig referens."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta exakt sammanslagningsbas."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte hämta uppström, om du vill lagra basincheckningen automatiskt,\n"
+"använd git branch --set-upstream-to för att spåra en fjärrgren.\n"
+"Eller så kan du ange basincheckning med --base=<bas-inchecknings-id> "
+"manuellt."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta exakt sammanslagningsbas"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "basincheckningen bör vara förfader till revisionslistan"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "basincheckningen bör inte vara i revisionslistan"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "kan inte hämta patch-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "använd [PATCH n/m] även för en ensam patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "använd [PATCH] även för flera patchar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "skriv patcharna på standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "generera ett följebrev"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "använd enkel nummersekvens för utdatafilnamn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "använd <sfx> istället för \".patch\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "börja numrera patchar på <n> istället för 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "markera serien som N:te försök"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Använd [<prefix>] istället för [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "spara filerna i <katalog>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "ta inte bort eller lägg till [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "skriv inte binära diffar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "använd hashvärde med nollor i From-huvud"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "ta inte med patchar som motsvarar en uppströmsincheckning"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "visa patchformat istället för standard (patch + stat)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "E-post"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "huvud"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "lägg till e-posthuvud"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "epost"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "Lägg till mottagarhuvud (\"To:\")"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "Lägg till kopiehuvud (\"Cc:\")"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "sätt Från-adress till <ident> (eller incheckare om ident saknas)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "meddelande-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "Gör det första brevet ett svar till <meddelande-id>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "gräns"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "bifoga patchen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "gör patchen ett inline-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "aktivera brevtrådning, typer: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "lägg till signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "basincheckning"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "lägg till förhandskrävd trädinfo i patchserien"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "lägg till signatur från fil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "visa inte filnamn för patchar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "kan inte använda --name-only"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "kan inte använda --name-status"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "kan inte använda --check"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "standard ut, eller katalog, vilken skall det vara?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa katalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa signaturfil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Misslyckades skapa utdatafiler"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<uppström> [<huvud> [<gräns>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta en spårad fjärrgren, ange <uppström> manuellt.\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<flaggor>] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identifiera filstatus med taggar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "använd små bokstäver för \"anta oförändrade\"-filer"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "visa cachade filer i utdata (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "visa borttagna filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "visa modifierade filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "visa andra filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "visa ignorerade filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "visa köat innehålls objektnamn i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "visa filer i filsystemet som behöver tas bort"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "visa endast namn för \"andra\" kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "visa radslut i filer"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "visa inte tomma kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "visa ej sammanslagna filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "visa \"resolve-undo\"-information"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "hoppa över filer som motsvarar mönster"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "exkludera mönster som läses från <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "läs ytterligare per-katalog-exkluderingsmönster från <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "lägg till git:s standardexkluderingar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "gör utdata relativ till projektets toppkatalog"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "om en <fil> inte är indexet, betrakta det som ett fel"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "träd-igt"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "låtsas att sökvägar borttagna sedan <träd-igt> fortfarande finns"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "visa felsökningsutdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<arkiv> [<referenser>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "visa inte fjärr-URL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "exec"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "sökväg till git-upload-pack på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "begränsa till taggar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "begränsa till huvuden"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "visa inte avskalade taggar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "ta hänsyn till url.<bas>.insteadOf"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr "avsluta med felkod 2 om motsvarande referenser inte hittas"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "visa underliggande referens och objektet det pekar på"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<flaggor>] <träd-igt> [<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "visa endast träd"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "rekursera ner i underträd"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "visa träd medan rekursering"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminera poster med NUL-byte"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "inkludera objektstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "visa endast filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "använd fullständiga sökvägsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "visa hela trädet; inte bara aktuell katalog (implicerar --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<flaggor>] [<incheckning>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<flaggor>] <meddelande> HEAD <incheckning>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "flaggan \"m\" behöver ett värde"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta sammanslagningsstrategin \"%s\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Tillgängliga strategier är:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Tillgängliga skräddarsydda strategier är:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "visa inte en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "visa en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(synonym till --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"lägg till (som mest <n>) poster från shortlog till incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "skapa en ensam incheckning istället för en sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "utför en incheckning om sammanslagningen lyckades (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "redigera meddelande innan incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "avbryt om snabbspolning inte är möjlig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Bekräfta att den namngivna incheckningen har en giltig GPG-signatur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "strategi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "sammanslagningsstrategi att använda"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "alternativ=värde"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "alternativ för vald sammanslagningsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande för (icke snabbspolande) sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "avbryt den pågående sammanslagningen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "tillåt sammanslagning av orelaterade historier"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "kunde köra stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "stash misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "inte ett giltigt objekt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (inget att platta till)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Tillplattningsincheckning -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Skriver SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Avslutar SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Inget sammanslagningsmeddelande -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "\"%s\" verkar inte peka på en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktig branch.%s.mergeoptions-sträng: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Hanterar inte något annat än en sammanslagning av två huvuden."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Felaktig flagga för merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa från \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Checkar inte in sammanslagningen; använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra "
+"den.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande för att förklara varför sammanslagningen\n"
+"är nödvändig, speciellt om den slår in en uppdaterad uppström i en\n"
+"temagren.\n"
+"\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande\n"
+"avbryter incheckningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Tomt incheckningsmeddelande."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Underbart.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte slå ihop automatiskt; fixa konflikter och checka in resultatet.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Inte på någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Ingen fjärr för aktuell gren."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för aktuell gren."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Ingen fjärrspårande gren för %s från %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte stänga \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Det finns ingen sammanslagning att avbryta (MERGE_HEAD saknas)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns).\n"
+"Checka in dina ändringar innan du slår ihop."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns).\n"
+"Checka in dina ändringar innan du slår ihop."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --squash med --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Ingen incheckning angiven och merge.defaultToUpstream är ej satt."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Stöder inte en tillplattningsincheckning på ett tomt huvud ännu"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Icke-snabbspolad incheckning kan inte användas med ett tomt huvud"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - inte något vi kan slå ihop"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Kan endast slå ihop en enda incheckning i ett tomt huvud."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en obetrodd GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en felaktig GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte någon GPG-signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s har en korrekt GPG-signatur av %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "vägrar slå samman orelaterad historik"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Uppdaterar %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Försöker riktigt enkel sammanslagning i indexet...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Nej.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Kan inte snabbspola, avbryter."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Återspolar trädet till orört...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Försöker sammanslagningsstrategin %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Ingen sammanslagningsstrategi hanterade sammanslagningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Sammanslagning med strategin %s misslyckades.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Använder %s för att förbereda lösning för hand.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Automatisk sammanslagning lyckades; stoppar före incheckning som önskat\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <incheckning> <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <incheckning> <incheckning>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> <incheckning>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "skriv ut alla gemensamma anfäder"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "hitta anfader för enkel n-vägssammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "visa revisioner som inte kan nås från andra"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "är den första anfader till den andra?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "se var <incheckning> grenades av från referensloggen från <ref>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<alternativ>] [-L <namn1> [-L <orig> [-L <namn2>]]] <fil1> "
+"<origfil> <fil2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "sänd resultat till standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "använd diff3-baserad sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd vår version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd deras version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd en förenad version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd denna markörstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "varna inte om konflikter"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "sätt etiketter för fil1/origfil/fil2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "indata är NUL-terminerad"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "tillåt saknade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "tillåt skapa mer än ett träd"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<flaggor>] <källa>... <mål>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Katalogen %s är i indexet och inte en undermodul?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Köa dina ändringar i .gitmodules eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s är i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "tvinga flytta/ändra namn även om målet finns"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "hoppa över fel vid flytt/namnändring"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "destinationen \"%s\" är ingen katalog"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Kontrollerar namnbyte av \"%s\" till \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "felaktig källa"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "kan inte flytta katalog till sig själv"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "kan inte flytta katalog över fil"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "källkatalogen är tom"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "inte versionshanterad"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "destinationen finns"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "skriver över \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Kan inte skriva över"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "flera källor för samma mål"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "destinationskatalogen finns inte"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, källa=%s, mål=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades byta namn på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<flaggor>] <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<flaggor>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<flaggor>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "skriv endast namn (ingen SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "använd endast taggar för att namnge incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "använd endast referenser som motsvarar <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "lista alla incheckningar som kan nås alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "läs från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "tillåt att skriva \"odefinierade\" namn (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "avreferera taggar i indata (används internt)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] [list [<objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <medd> | -F "
+"<fil> | (-c | -C) <objekt>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] copy [-f] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <medd> | -F "
+"<fil> | (-c | -C) <objekt>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] show [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategi>] "
+"<anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] remove [<objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<flaggor>] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<från-objekt> <till-objekt>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<flaggor>] <anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte starta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa utdata från \"show\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte avsluta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Ange innehåll för anteckningen med antingen -m eller -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva anteckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Anteckningens innehåll har lämnats kvar i %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "kan inte läsa anteckningsdata från icke-blob-objektet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "för många parametrar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Inga anteckningar hittades för objektet %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll som sträng"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll i en fil"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "återanvänd och redigera angivet anteckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "återanvänd angivet anteckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "tillåt lagra tom anteckning"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "ersätt befintliga anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte lägga till anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för "
+"objektet %s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Skriver över befintliga anteckningar för objektet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort anteckning för objektet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "läs objekt från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "läs omskrivningsinställning för <kommando> (implicerar --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "för få parametrar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte kopiera anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för objektet "
+"%s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Anteckningar på källobjektet %s saknas. Kan inte kopiera."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggorna -m/-F/-c/-C rekommenderas inte för underkommandot \"edit\".\n"
+"Använd \"git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C\" istället.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Flaggor för sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"läs konflikter i anteckningar med angiven strategi (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Checkar in ej sammanslagna anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"färdigställ sammanslagning av anteckningar genom att checka in ej "
+"sammanslagna anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Avbryt lösning av sammanslagning av anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "avbryt sammanslagning av anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "Sammanslagning av anteckningar till %s är redan igångsatt på %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "Objektet %s har ingen anteckning\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "försök att ta bort icke-existerande anteckningar är inte ett fel"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "läs objektnamn från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "anteckningar-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "använd anteckningar från <anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Okänt underkommando: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<flaggor>...] [< <reflista> | < <objektlista>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [<flaggor>...] <basnamn> [< <reflista> | < <objektlista>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "fel i deflate (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr ""
+"inaktiverar skrivning av bitkarta, paket delas på grund av pack.packSizeLimit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Skriver objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "inaktiverar skrivning av bitkarta då några objekt inte packas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Komprimerar objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "indexversionen %s stöds ej"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktig indexversion \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "visa inte förloppsindikator"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "visa förloppsindikator"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "visa förloppsindikator under objektskrivningsfasen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "som --all-progress när förloppsindikatorn visas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "skriv paketindexfilen i angiven indexformatversion"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "maximal storlek på varje utdatapaketfil"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignorera lånade objekt från alternativa objektlager"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignorera packade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "begränsa paketfönster efter objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "begränsa paketfönster efter minne förutom objektgräns"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "maximal längd på deltakedja tillåten i slutligt paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "återanvänd befintliga delta"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "återanvänd befintliga objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "använd OFS_DELTA-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "använd trådar vid sökning efter bästa deltaträffar"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "försök inte skapa tom paketutdata"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "läs revisionsargument från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "begränsa objekt till de som ännu inte packats"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "inkludera objekt som kan nås från någon referens"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "inkludera objekt som refereras från referensloggposter"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "inkludera objekt som refereras från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "skriv paket på standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "inkludera taggobjekt som refererar objekt som skall packas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "behåll onåbara objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "tid"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "packa upp onåbara objekt nyare än <tid>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "skapa tunna paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "skapa packfiler lämpade för grunda hämtningar"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignorera paket som har tillhörande .keep-fil"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "komprimeringsgrad för paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "göm inte incheckningar med ympningar (\"grafts\")"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "använd bitkartindex om tillgängligt för att räkna objekt snabbare"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "använd bitkartindex tillsammans med packindexet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Räknar objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "packa allt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "ta bort lösa referenser (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Tar bort duplicerade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <tid>] [--] [<huvud>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "ta inte bort, bara visa"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "rapportera borttagna objekt"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "låt tid gå ut för objekt äldre än <tid>"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "kan inte rensa i ett \"precious-objekt\"-arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [<flaggor>] [<arkiv> [<refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "Alternativ gällande sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "inlemma ändringar genom ombasering i stället för sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "bekräfta att den namngivna incheckningen har en giltig GPG-signatur"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "utför automatiskt stash/stash pop före och efter ombasering"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "Alternativ gällande hämtningar"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "antal undermoduler som hämtas parallellt"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde för pull.ff: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta med ombasering: Du har oköade ändringar."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "Dessutom innehåller dit index ändringar som inte har checkats in."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte hämta med ombasering: Ditt index innehåller oincheckade ändringar."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Det finns ingen kandidat för ombasering bland referenserna du precis har "
+"hämtat."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Det finns ingen kandidat för sammanslagning bland referenserna du precis har "
+"hämtat."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+"Det betyder vanligtvis att du använt en jokertecken-refspec som inte\n"
+"motsvarade något i fjärränden."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"Du bad om att hämta från fjärren \"%s\", men angav inte någon\n"
+"gren. Eftersom det inte är den fjärr som är konfigurerad som\n"
+"standard för aktuell gren måste du ange en gren på kommandoraden."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "Du är inte på någon gren för närvarande."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "Ange vilken gren du vill ombasera mot."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "Ange vilken gren du vill slå samman med."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "Se git-pull(1) för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "<fjärr>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "<gren>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "Det finns ingen spårningsinformation för aktuell gren."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr "Om du vill ange spårningsinformation för grenen kan du göra det med:"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Dina inställningar anger sammanslagning med referensen \"%s\"\n"
+"från fjärren, men någon sådan referens togs inte emot."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "--[no-]autostash är endast giltig med --rebase."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr "Uppdaterar en ofödd gren med ändringar som lagts till i indexet."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"fetch uppdaterade huvudet för aktuell gren.\n"
+"snabbspolar din arbetskatalog från\n"
+"incheckningen %s."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte snabbspola din arbetskatalog.\n"
+"När du är säker på att du har sparat allt värdefullt i utdata från\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"kör du\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"för att återgå."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop flera grenar i ett tomt huvud."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "Kan inte ombasera ovanpå flera grenar."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<flaggor>] [<arkiv> [<refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "taggförkortning utan <tagg>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete godtar endast enkla målreferensnamn"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"För att välja ett av alternativen permanent, se push.default i \"git help "
+"config\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Uppströmsgrenen för din nuvarande gren stämmer inte överens\n"
+"med namnet på din aktuella gren. För att sända till uppströmsgrenen\n"
+"i fjärrarkivet använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"För att sända till grenen med samma namn i fjärrarkivet använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du är inte på någon gren för närvarande.\n"
+"För att sända in historiken som leder till den aktuella (frånkopplat\n"
+"HEAD) situationen använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<namn-på-fjärrgren>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Den aktuella grenen %s har ingen uppströmsgren.\n"
+"För att sända aktuell gren och ange fjärrarkiv som uppström använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "Den aktuella grenen %s har flera uppströmsgrenar, vägrar sända."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Du sänder till fjärren \"%s\", som inte är uppströms för den\n"
+"aktuella grenen \"%s\", utan att tala om för mig vad som\n"
+"skall sändas för att uppdatera fjärrgrenen."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Du angav inga referensspecifikationer att sända, och push.default är "
+"\"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på din befintliga gren är bakom\n"
+"dess fjärrmotsvarighet. Integrera fjärrändringarna (t.ex\n"
+"\"git pull ....\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på en gren som sänds in är bakom dess\n"
+"fjärrmotsvarighet. Checka ut grenen och integrera fjärrändringarna (t.ex.\n"
+"\"git pull ...\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då fjärren innehåller ändringar som du inte\n"
+"har lokalt. Det beror oftast på att ett annat arkiv har sänt in samma\n"
+"referenser. Det kan vara en idé att först integrera fjärrändringarna\n"
+"(t.ex. \"git pull ...\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forwards\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Uppdateringarna avvisades eftersom taggen redan finns på fjärren."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan inte uppdatera en fjärr-referens som pekar på ett objekt som\n"
+"inte är en incheckning, eller uppdatera en fjärr-referens så att den\n"
+"pekar på något som inte är en incheckning, utan att använda flaggan\n"
+"\"--force\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Sänder till %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades sända vissa referenser till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktigt arkiv \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ingen destination har angivits.\n"
+"Ange antingen URL:en på kommandoraden eller ställ in ett uppströmsarkiv med\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <namn> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"och sänd sedan med hjälp av fjärrnamnet\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <namn>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all och --tags är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror och --tags är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all och --mirror är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "sänd alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "spegla alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "ta bort referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "sänd taggar (kan inte användas med --all eller --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "tvinga uppdateringar"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "refnamn>:<förvänta"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "kräv att ref:s tidigare värde är detta"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "styr rekursiv insändning av undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "använd tunna paket"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "program för att ta emot paket"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "ställ in uppström för git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "ta bort lokalt borttagna referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "förbigå pre-push-krok"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "sänd in saknade men relevanta taggar"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "GPG-signera insändningen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "begär atomiska transaktioner på fjärrsidan"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete är inkompatibel med --all, --mirror och --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete kan inte användas utan referenser"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<fil>] (--empty | <träd-igt1> [<träd-igt2> [<träd-igt3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "skriv resulterande index till <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "töm bara indexet"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "utför en sammanslagning i tillägg till en läsning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning om sammanslagning på filnivå ej krävs"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning när det finns tillägg och borttagningar"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "som -m, men kasta bort ej sammanslagna poster"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<underkatalog>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "läs in trädet i indexet under <underkatalog>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "uppdatera arbetskatalogen med resultatet från sammanslagningen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "tillåt explicit ignorerade filer att skrivas över"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "kontrollera inte arbetskatalogen efter sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "uppdatera inte indexet eller arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "hoppa över att applicera filter för gles utcheckning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "felsök unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack <git-katalog>"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "tyst"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "Du måste ange en katalog."
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "\"%s\" för \"%s\" är inte en giltig tidsstämpel"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en giltig tidsstämpel"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <gren>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <gammal> <ny>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <gren>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<grupp> | <fjärr>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <namn> <nyurl> [<gammalurl>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <namn> <nyurl>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<flaggor>] <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<flaggor>] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<flaggor>] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<flaggor>] [<grupp> | <fjärr>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Uppdaterar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror är farlig och föråldrad; använd\n"
+"\t --mirror=fetch eller --mirror=push istället"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt argument till mirror: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "hämta fjärrgrenarna"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "importera alla taggar och associerade objekt vid hämtning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "eller hämta inte några taggar alls (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "gren(ar) att spåra"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "huvudgren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "ställ in arkiv som spegel att sända eller ta emot från"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "att ange en master-gren ger ingen mening med --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "att ange grenar att spåra ger mening bara med hämtningsspeglar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "fjärrarkivet %s finns redan."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt namn på fjärrarkiv"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa master \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta mappning för referensspecifikation %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(matchande)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(ta bort)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Inget sådant fjärrarkiv: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte byta namn på konfigurationssektionen \"%s\" till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdaterar inte icke-standard hämtningsreferensspecifikation\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tUppdatera konfigurationen manuellt om nödvändigt."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Observera: En gren utanför hierarkin refs/remotes/ togs inte bort;\n"
+"för att ta bort den, använd:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Observera: Några grenar utanför hierarkin refs/remotes/ togs inte bort;\n"
+"för att ta bort dem, använd:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort konfigurationssektionen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " ny (nästa hämtning sparar i remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " spårad"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " förlegad (använd \"git remote prune\" för att ta bort)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "ogiltig branch.%s.merge; kan inte ombasera över > 1 gren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "ombaseras interaktivt på fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " sammanslås med fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    och med fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "sammanslås med fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   och med fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "skapa"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "ta bort"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "àjour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "kan snabbspolas"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "lokal föråldrad"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s tvingar till %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s sänder till %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s tvingar till %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s sänder till %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "fråga inte fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* fjärr %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Hämt-URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(ingen URL)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Sänd-URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  HEAD-gren: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  HEAD-gren (HEAD på fjärr är tvetydig, kan vara en av följande):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Fjärrgren:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Fjärrgrenar:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (status inte förfrågad)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokal gren konfigurerad för \"git pull\":"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokala grenar konfigurerade för \"git pull\":"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Lokala referenser speglas av \"git push\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokal referens konfigurerad för \"git push\"%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokala referenser konfigurerade för \"git push\"%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "sätt refs/remotes/<namn>/HEAD enligt fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "ta bort refs/remotes/<namn>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte bestämma HEAD på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "Flera HEAD-grenar på fjärren. Välj en explicit med:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Inte en giltig referens: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ställa in %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s kommer bli dinglande!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s har blivit dinglande!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Rensar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [skulle rensa] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [rensad] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "rensa fjärrar efter hämtning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Ingen sådan fjärr \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "lägg till gren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "ingen fjärr angavs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "fråga sänd-URL:er istället för hämta-URL:er"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "returnera alla URL:er"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "ingen URL:er angivna för fjärren \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipulera URL:ar för sändning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "lägg till URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "ta bort URL:ar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete ger ingen mening"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktig gammalt URL-mönster: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Ingen sådan URL hittades: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Kommer inte ta bort alla icke-sänd-URL:er"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "var pratsam; måste skrivas före ett underkommando"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "packa allt i ett enda paket"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "samma som -a, och gör onåbara objekt lösa"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "ta bort överflödiga paket, och kör git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --no-reuse-delta till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --no-reuse-object till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "kör inte git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --local till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "skriv bitkartindex"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "cirkadatum"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "med -A, lös inte upp objekt äldre än detta"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "storlek på fönster använt för deltakomprimering"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "byte"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "samma som ovan, men begränsa minnesstorleken istället för postantal"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "begränsa maximalt deltadjup"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "maximal storlek på varje paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "packa om objekt i paket märkta med .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort paket i ett \"precious-objects\"-arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objekt> <ersättning>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <incheckning> [<förälder>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<mönster>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktig sammanslagningstagg i incheckningen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "felformad sammanslagningstagg i incheckningen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"den ursprungliga incheckningen \"%s\" innehåller sammanslagningstaggen \"%s"
+"\" som har förkastats; använd --edit istället för --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "den ursprungliga incheckningen \"%s\" har en gpg-signatur."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "signaturen kommer att tas bort i ersättningsincheckningen!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva ersättningsincheckning för: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "visa ersättningsreferenser"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "ta bort ersättningsreferenser"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "redigera befintligt objekt"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "ändra en inchecknings föräldrar"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "ersätt referensen om den finns"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "använd inte snygg visning av innehåll för --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "använd detta format"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "registrera rena lösningar i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<incheckning>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <träd-igt> [--] <sökvägar>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<träd-igt>] [--] [<sökvägar>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "blandad"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "mjuk"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "hård"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "behåll"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Du har inte en giltig HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD är nu på %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Kan inte utföra en %s återställning mitt i en sammanslagning."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "var tyst, rapportera endast fel"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD och index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "återställ endast HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD, index och arbetskatalog"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD men behåll lokala ändringar"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "registrera endast att borttagna sökvägar kommer läggas till senare"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig revision."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som ett giltigt träd."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch är inkompatibel med --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed rekommenderas inte med sökvägar; använd \"git reset -- <sökvägar>\"."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Kan inte göra %s återställning med sökvägar."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "%s återställning tillåts inte i ett naket arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N kan endast användas med --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter återställning:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Kunde inte återställa indexfilen till versionen \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "rev-list stöder inte visning av anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<argument>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "behåll \"--\" sänt som argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "sluta tolka efter första argument som inte är flagga"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "utdata fast i lång form"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<flaggor>] -- [<argument>...]\n"
+"     eller: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<argument>...]\n"
+"     eller: git rev-parse [<flaggor>] [<argument>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Kör \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" för mer information om den första "
+"varianten."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<flaggor>] <incheckning-igt>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <underkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<flaggor>] <incheckning-igt>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <underkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kan inte användas med %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "avsluta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "Ã¥teruppta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "avbryt revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "checka inte in automatiskt"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "redigera incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "nummer på förälder"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "sammanslagningsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "alternativ"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "alternativ för sammanslagningsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "lägg till incheckningsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "behåll incheckningar som börjar som tomma"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "tillåt incheckningar med tomt meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "behåll redundanta, tomma incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "programfel"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "\"revert\" misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<flaggor>] [--] <fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"följande undermodul (eller en av dess nästlade undermoduler)\n"
+"använder en .git-katalog:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"följande undermoduler (eller en av deras nästlade undermoduler)\n"
+"använder en .git-katalog:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"följande fil har köat innehåll som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"följande filer har köat innehåll som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(använd -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "följande fil har ändringar köade i indexet:"
+msgstr[1] "följande filer har ändringar köade i indexet:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "följande fil har lokala ändringar:"
+msgstr[1] "följande filer har lokala ändringar:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "lista inte borttagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "ta bara bort från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "överstyr àjour-testet"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "tillåt rekursiv borttagning"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "avsluta med nollstatus även om inget träffades"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "tar inte bort \"%s\" rekursivt utan -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: kan inte ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<värd>:]<katalog> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all och explicit angiven <ref> är ömsesidigt uteslutande."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "fjärrnamn"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "använd tillståndslöst RPC-protokoll"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "läs referenser från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "visa status från fjärrhjälpare"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "sortera utdata enligt antal incheckningar per författare"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Undertryck beskrivningar, visa bara antal incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Visa e-postadress för varje författare"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Radbryt utdata"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<när>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <mönster>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<bas>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "visa fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "visa fjärrspårande grenar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "färga \"*!+-\" enligt grenen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "visa <n> ytterligare incheckningar efter gemensam anfader"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "synonym till more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "undertyck namnsträngar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inkludera aktuell gren"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "namnge incheckningar med deras objektnamn"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "visa möjliga sammanslagningsbaser"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "visa referenser som inte kan nås från någon annan referens"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "visa incheckningar i topologisk ordning"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "visa endast incheckningar inte på den första grenen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "visa sammanslagningar som endast kan nås från en spets"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "sortera topologiskt, behåll datumordning när möjligt"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<bas>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "visa <n> nyaste refloggposter med början på bas"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<mönster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<mönster>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar (kan kombineras med huvuden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "visa endast huvuden (kan kombineras med taggar)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "striktare referenskontroll, kräver exakt referenssökväg"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "visa HEAD-refrens, även när den skulle filtreras ut"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "avreferera taggar till objekt-id"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "visa SHA1-hash endast med <n> siffror"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "visa inte resultat på standard ut (användbart med --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "visa referenser från standard in som inte finns i lokalt arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr "hoppa över och ta bort alla rader som inleds med kommentarstecken"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "lägg in kommentarstecken och blanksteg först på varje rad"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "Ingen sådan referens: %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "Förväntade fullt referensnamn, fick %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort en komponent från url:en \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "alternativa ankare för relativa sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<sökväg>] [<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Hittade ingen url för undermodulsökvägen \"%s\" i .gitmodules"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera url för undermodulsökväg \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Undermodulen \"%s\" (%s) registrerad för sökvägen \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "varning: kommandouppdateringsläge föreslogs för undermodulen \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera uppdateringsläge för undermodulsökväg \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "Dölj utdata från initiering av undermodul"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper init [<sökväg>]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name <sökväg>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr "hittade ingen undermodulmappning i .gitmodules för sökvägen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "var den nya undermodulen skall klonas till"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "namn på den nya undermodulen"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "URL att klona undermodulen från"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "djup för grunda kloner"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<sökväg>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<arkvi>] [--name <namn>] [--depth <djup>] --url <url> --path <sökväg>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa katalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades klona \"%s\" till undermodulsökvägen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte stänga filen %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte få tag i undermodulkatalog för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"%s\" har inte initierats"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "Kanske menade du att använda \"update --init\"?"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "Hoppar över ej sammanslagen undermodul %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "Hoppar över undermodulen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "sökväg inuti arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr "sökväg inuti arbetskatalogen, genom nästlade undermodulgränser"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr "rebase, merge, checkout eller none"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr "Skapa en grund klon trunkerad till angivet antal revisioner"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "parallella jobb"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "skriv inte klonförlopp"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<sökväg>] [<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "felaktigt värde för parametern update"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "underkommandot submodule--helper måste anropas med ett underkommando"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt underkommando till submodule--helper"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<flaggor>] <namn> [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"undertryck felmeddelanden för icke-symboliska (frånkopplade) referenser"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "ta bort symbolisk referens"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "förkorta ref-utdata"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "skäl"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "skäl till uppdateringen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <nyckel-id>] [-f] [-m <medd> | -F <fil>] <taggnamn> "
+"[<huvud>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <taggnamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<antal>]] [--contains <incheckning>] [--points-at <objekt>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<incheckning>]] [<mönster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <taggnamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "taggnamnet för långt: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "taggen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tog bort tagg \"%s\" (var %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Skriv ett meddelande för taggen:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" ignoreras.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Skriv ett meddelande för taggen:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om\n"
+"du vill.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "kunde inte signera taggen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva tagg-filen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "felaktig objekttyp"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "tagghuvud för stort."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "inget taggmeddelande?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Taggmeddelandet har lämnats i %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "lista taggnamn"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader från varje taggmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "ta bort taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "verifiera taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för att skapa taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "annoterad tagg, behöver meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "taggmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "annoterad och GPG-signerad tagg"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "använd annan nyckel för att signera taggen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "ersätt taggen om den finns"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "skapa en reflog"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för listning av taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "lista taggar i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar som innehåller incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar som slagits samman"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar som ej slagits samman"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar för objektet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column och -n är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Flaggan -n är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Flaggan --contains är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Flaggan --points-at är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "flaggorna --merged och --no-merged tillåts endast tillsammans med -l"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "endast en av flaggorna -F eller -m tillåts."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "för många parametrar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt taggnamn."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Uppdaterad tagg \"%s\" (var %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Packar upp objekt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa katalogen %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta status på %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa filen %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort filen %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort katalogen %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "Testar mtime i \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr "stat-informationen för en katalog ändras inte när nya filer läggs till"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+"stat-informationen för en katalog ändras inte när nya kataloger läggs till"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr "stat-informationen för en katalog ändras när filer uppdateras"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr ""
+"stat-informationen för en katalog ändras när filer läggs till i en "
+"underkatalog"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr "stat-informationen för en katalog ändras inte när en fil tas bort"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr "stat-informationen för en katalog ändras inte när en katalog tas bort"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " OK"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<flaggor>] [--] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "fortsätt uppdatera även när index inte är àjour"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "refresh: ignorera undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ignorera inte nya filer"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "låt filer ersätta kataloger och omvänt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "lägg märke till filer som saknas i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "uppdatera även om indexet innehåller ej sammanslagna poster"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "uppdatera statusinformation"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "som --refresh, men ignorera assume-unchanged-inställning"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<läge>,<objekt>,<sökväg>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "lägg till angiven post i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "överstyr exekveringsbiten för angivna filer"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "markera filer som \"ändras inte\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "rensa \"assume-unchanged\"-biten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "markera filer som \"endast index\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "töm \"skip-worktree\"-biten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "lägg endast till indexet; lägg inte till innehållet i objektdatabasen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "ta bort namngivna sökvägar även om de finns i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "med --stdin: indatarader termineras med null-byte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "läs lista över sökvägar att uppdatera från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "lägg poster från standard in till indexet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "återfyll etapp 2 och 3 från angivna sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "uppdatera endast poster som skiljer sig från HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignorera filer som saknas i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "rapportera åtgärder på standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(för porslin) glöm sparade olösta konflikter"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "skriv index i detta format"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "aktivera eller inaktivera delat index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "aktivera/inaktivera ospårad cache"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "testa om filsystemet stöder ospårad cache"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr "aktivera ospårad cache utan att testa filsystemet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "Ospårad cache är inaktiverad"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "Ospårad cache är aktiverad för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<flaggor>] -d <refnamn> [<gammaltvärde>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<flaggor>]    <refnamn> <gammaltvärde> [<nyttvärde>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<flaggor>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "ta bort referensen"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "uppdatera <refnamn> inte det den pekar på"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "standard in har NUL-terminerade argument"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "läs uppdateringar från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "uppdatera informationsfilerna från grunden"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "visa innehåll för incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "visa råa gpg-statusdata"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <paket>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "pratsam"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "visa endast statistik"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tagg>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "visa innehåll för tag"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<flaggor>] <sökväg> [<gren>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "Tar bort worktrees/%s: inte en giltig katalog"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "Tar bort worktrees/%s: gitdir-filen existerar inte"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr "Tar bort worktrees/%s: kan inte läsa gitdir-filen (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "Tar bort worktrees/%s: felaktig gitdir-fil"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr "Tar bort worktrees/%s: gitdir-filen pekar på en ickeexisterande plats"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "\"%s\" finns redan"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa katalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "Förbereder %s (identifieraren %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"checka ut <gren> även om den redan är utcheckad i en annan arbetskatalog"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "skapa en ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "skapa eller återställ en gren"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "koppla från HEAD vid namngiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "befolka den nya arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B och --detach är ömsesidigt uteslutande"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<prefix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "visa trädobjekt för underkatalogen <prefix>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "endast användbart vid felsökning"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "skriv felsökningsmeddelanden på standard fel"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"\"git help -a\" och \"git help -g\" visar tillgängliga underkommandon och\n"
+"några konceptvägledningar. Se \"git help <kommando>\" eller \"git help\n"
+"<koncept>\" för att läsa mer om specifika underkommandon och koncept."
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "Fastnålning av öppen nyckel stöds inte av cURL < 7.44.0"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "starta arbetskatalog (se också: git help tutorial)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "jobba med aktuell förändring (se också: git help everyday)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "utforska historiken och tillståndet (se också: git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "utöka, markera och justera din gemensamma historik"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "samarbeta (se också: git help workflows)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Lägg filinnehåll till indexet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Använd binärsökning för att hitta ändringen som introducerade ett fel"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Visa, skapa eller ta bort grenar"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "Byt till en ny gren eller återställ filer i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Klona ett arkiv till en ny katalog"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Protokollför ändringar i arkivet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "Visa ändringar mellan incheckningar, med arbetskatalogen, osv"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Hämta objekt och referenser från annat arkiv"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Visa rader som motsvarar mönster"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Skapa tomt Git-arkiv eller ominitiera ett befintligt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Visa incheckningsloggar"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Slå ihop två eller flera utvecklingshistorier"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Flytta eller byt namn på en fil, katalog eller symbolisk länk"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Hämta från och integrera med annat arkiv eller en lokal gren"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Uppdatera fjärr-referenser och tillhörande objekt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "Applicera incheckningar på nytt ovanpå en annan bastopp"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Återställ aktuell HEAD till angivet tillstånd"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Ta bort filer från arbetskatalogen och från indexet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Visa olika sorters objekt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Visa status för arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Skapa, visa, ta bort eller verifiera GPG-signerat taggobjekt"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "giltig-till"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "ingen funktion (bakåtkompatibilitet)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "var mer pratsam"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "var mer tyst"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "använd <n> siffror för att visa SHA-1:or"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "uppdatera indexet med återanvänd konfliktlösning om möjligt"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Du måste starta med \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Vill du att jag ska göra det åt dig [Y=ja/N=nej]?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "flaggan känns inte igen: \"$arg\""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "\"$arg\" verkar inte vara en giltig revision"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Felaktigt HEAD - Jag behöver ett HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades checka ut \"$start_head\". Försök \"git bisect reset "
+"<giltig_gren>\""
+
+# cogito-relaterat
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "kör inte \"bisect\" på träd där \"cg-seek\" använts"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Felaktigt HEAD - konstig symbolisk referens"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Felaktigt argument till bisect_write: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Felaktig rev-indata: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Anropa \"bisect_state\" med minst ett argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Felaktig rev-indata: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "\"git bisect $TERM_BAD\" kan bara ta ett argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Varning: utför \"bisect\" med endast en dålig (\"$TERM_BAD\") incheckning"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Är du säker [Y=ja/N=nej]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste ange åtminstone en dålig (\"$bad_syn\") och en bra (\"$good_syn\") "
+"version.\n"
+"(Du kan använda \"git bisect $bad_syn\" och \"git bisect $good_syn\" för "
+"detta.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste starta med \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Du måste sedan ange åtminstone en bra (\"$good_syn\") och en dålig "
+"(\"$bad_syn\") version.\n"
+"(Du kan använda \"git bisect $bad_syn\" och \"git bisect $good_syn\" för "
+"detta.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Vi utför ingen bisect för tillfället."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "\"$invalid\" är inte en giltig incheckning"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte checka ut original-HEAD \"$branch\".\n"
+"Försök \"git bisect reset <incheckning>\"."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Ingen loggfil angiven"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa $file för uppspelning"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? vad menar du?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "kör $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
+"felkod $res från \"$command\" är < 0 eller >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen kan inte fortsätta längre"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
+"\"bisect_state $state\" avslutades med felkoden $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen lyckades"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "termerna måste vara olika"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "\"$term\" är inte en giltig term"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "kan inte använda det inbyggda kommandot \"$term\" som term"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "kan inte ändra betydelsen av termen \"$term\""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr ""
+"Ogiltigt kommando: du utför just nu en \"bisect\" med $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "inga termer angivna"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"ogiltigt argument $arg för \"git bisect terms\".\n"
+"Flaggor som stöds är: --term-good|--term-old och --term-bad|--term-new."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"När du har löst problemet kör du \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"git rebase --skip\".\n"
+"För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"git rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Tillämpade autostash."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tillämpning av autostash gav konflikter.\n"
+"Dina ändringar är säkra i stashen.\n"
+"Du kan när som helst använda \"git stash pop\" eller \"git stash drop\".\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Kroken pre-rebase vägrade ombaseringen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Det verkar som en git-am körs. Kan inte ombasera."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Ingen ombasering pågår?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "Åtgärden --edit-todo kan endast användas under interaktiv ombasering."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte läsa HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste redigera alla sammanslagningskonflikter och\n"
+"därefter markera dem som lösta med git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Kunde inte flytta tillbaka till $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Det verkar som katalogen $state_dir_base redan existerar, och\n"
+"jag undrar om du redan är mitt i en annan ombasering. Om så är\n"
+"fallet, försök\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Om så inte är fallet, kör\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"och kör programmet igen. Jag avslutar ifall du fortfarande har\n"
+"något av värde där."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "ogiltig uppström $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: mer än en sammanslagningsbas finns"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ingen sammanslagningsbas finns"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Peka på en giltig incheckning: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "ödesdigert: ingen sådan gren: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Kan inte utföra \"autostash\""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Skapade autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Checka in eller använd \"stash\" på dem."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour, ombasering framtvingad."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Ändringar från $mb till $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Först, spolar tillbaka huvudet för att spela av ditt arbete ovanpå det..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Snabbspolade $branch_name till $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "\"git stash clear\" med parametrar har inte implementerats"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Du har inte den första incheckningen ännu"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara aktuellt tillstånd för indexet"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara aktuellt tillstånd för arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Inga ändringar valda"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort temporärt index (kan inte inträffa)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Kan inte registrera tillstånd för arbetskatalog"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera $ref_stash med $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"fel: felaktig flagga för \"stash save\": $option\n"
+"     För att ange ett meddelande, använd git stash save -- \"$option\""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Inga lokala ändringar att spara"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Kan inte initiera \"stash\""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara aktuell status"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändringar i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "okänd flagga: $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Ingen \"stash\" hittades."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "För många revisioner angivna: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference är inte en giltig referens"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "\"$args\" är inte en \"stash\"-liknande incheckning"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "\"$args\" är inte en \"stash\"-referens"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera indexet"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Kan inte tillämpa en \"stash\" mitt i en sammanslagning"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Konflikter i indexet. Testa utan --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Kunde inte spara indexträd"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändrade filer ur kön"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Indexet har inte tagits ur kön."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Kastade ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Kunde inte kasta \"stash\"-post"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Inget grennamn angavs"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(För att återställa dem, skriv \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "Relativ sökväg kan endast användas från arbetskatalogens toppnivå"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "arkiv-URL: \"$repo\" måste vara absolut eller börja med ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan i indexet"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande sökvägar ignoreras av en av dina .gitignore-filer:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till den"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Lägger till befintligt arkiv i \"$sm_path\" i indexet"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan och är inte ett giltigt git-arkiv"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "En git-katalog för \"$sm_name\" hittades lokalt med fjärr(ar):"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"För att återanvända den lokala git-katalogen istället för att på nytt klona "
+"från"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"använd flaggan \"--force\". Om den lokala git-katalogen inte är riktigt arkiv"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"eller om du är osäker på vad det innebär, välj nytt namn med flaggan \"--name"
+"\"."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Aktiverar lokal git-katalog för undermodulen \"$sm_name\" på nytt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka ut undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades lägga till undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "GÃ¥r in i \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Stoppar på \"$displaypath\"; skriptet returnerade en status skild från noll."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "sökvägsangivelse och --all är inkompatibla"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Använd \"--all\" om du verkligen vill avinitiera alla undermoduler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\" innehåller katalogen \".git\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\" har lokala ändringar; \"-f\" "
+"kastar bort dem"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Rensade katalogen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa tom undermodulskatalog \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) avregistrerad för sökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hitta aktuell revision i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka ut \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": checkade ut \"$sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte ombasera \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": ombaserade in i \"$sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": sammanslagen i \"$sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades köra \"$command $sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": \"$command $sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Flaggan --cached kan inte användas med flaggan --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "oväntat läge $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningen $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningen $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningarna $sha1_src och "
+"$sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "Se git-${cmd}(1) för detaljer."
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "\"%s\": %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\": %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for reading: %s"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för läsning: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for writing: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Köa dina ändringar i .gitmodules eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta"
+
+#~ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte bekräfta taggen \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "failed to remove: %s"
+#~ msgstr "misslyckades ta bort: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+#~ msgstr "Flaggan --exec måste användas tillsammans med flaggan --interactive"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+#~ "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Undermodulen \"$displaypath\" har inte initierats\n"
+#~ "Kanske du vill köra \"update --init\"?"
+
+#~ msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+#~ msgstr "Framåtanpassa lokala kommandon på uppdaterat uppströmshuvud"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse format"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte tolka formatet"
+
+#~ msgid "improper format entered align:%s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktigt format angivet align:%s"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte sätta core.worktree i %s"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+#~ "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+#~ "and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+#~ "to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+#~ "behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+#~ "remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+#~ "information.\n"
+#~ "(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+#~ "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "push.default har inte ställts in; dess underförstådda värde\n"
+#~ "ändras i Git 2.0 från \"matching\" till \"simple\". För att\n"
+#~ "undertrycka det här meddelandet och behålla traditionellt beteende\n"
+#~ "skriver du:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "För att undertrycka meddelandet och välja det nya beteendet nu skriver "
+#~ "du:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "När push.default är satt till \"matching\" kommer git att sända lokala "
+#~ "grenar\n"
+#~ "till fjärrgrenar som redan finns och som har samma namn.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Git 2.0 kommer som standard välja den mer konservativa inställningen\n"
+#~ "\"simple\", vilket bara sänder in den aktuella grenen till den "
+#~ "motsvarande\n"
+#~ "fjärrgren \"git pull\" använder för att uppdatera den aktuella grenen.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Se \"git help config\" och sök efter \"push.default\" för ytterligare \n"
+#~ "information. (Läget \"simple\" introducerades i Git 1.7.11. Använd det\n"
+#~ "liknande läget \"current\" istället för \"simple\" om du ibland använder\n"
+#~ "äldre versioner av Git.)"
+
+#~ msgid "check|on-demand|no"
+#~ msgstr "check|on-demand|no"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till på \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "Missing author: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Författare saknas: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Testing "
+#~ msgstr "Testar"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte slå upp aktuell användare i passwd-filen: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "no such user"
+#~ msgstr "okänd användare"
+
+#~ msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+#~ msgstr "grenen \"%s\" pekar inte på en incheckning"
+
+#~ msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+#~ msgstr "objektet \"%s\" pekar på en incheckning"
+
+#~ msgid "some refs could not be read"
+#~ msgstr "vissa referenser kunde inte läsas"
+
+#~ msgid "print only merged branches"
+#~ msgstr "visa endast sammanslagna grenar"
+
+#~ msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+#~ msgstr "--dissociate angavs, men --reference har inte angivits"
+
+#~ msgid "show usage"
+#~ msgstr "visa användning"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+#~ msgstr "tokigt långt namn på mallen %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+#~ msgstr "tokigt lång symbolisk länk %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+#~ msgstr "tokigt lång mallsökväg %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insane git directory %s"
+#~ msgstr "tokig git-katalog %s"
+
+#~ msgid "false|true|preserve"
+#~ msgstr "false|true|preserve"
+
+#~ msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "sorteringsangivelsen \"%s\" stöds ej"
+
+#~ msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "sorteringsangivelsen \"%s\" i variabeln \"%s\" stöds ej"
+
+#~ msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+#~ msgstr "flaggan \"points-at\" behöver ett objekt"
+
+#~ msgid "sort tags"
+#~ msgstr "sortera taggar"
+
+#~ msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "--sort och -n är inkompatibla"
+
+#~ msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+#~ msgstr "Gitkatalog \"$a\" ingår i undermodulsökvägen \"$b\" eller omvänt"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+#~ msgstr "FEL: återöppna en låsfil som fortfarande är öppen"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+#~ msgstr "FEL: återöppna en låsfil som har överlämnats"
+
+#~ msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+#~ msgstr "flaggan %s godtar inte negativ form"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte tolka värdet \"%s\" för flaggan %s"
+
+#~ msgid "-b and -B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "-b och -B kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#~ msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+#~ msgstr "Du måste ställa in din incheckarinformation först"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+#~ "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort"
+#~ "\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "När du har löst problemet kör du \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+#~ "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+#~ "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#~ msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+#~ msgstr "Patchformatet $patch_format stöds inte."
+
+#~ msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+#~ msgstr "Bestäm dig. --skip eller --abort?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+#~ "If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Patchen är tom. Delades den upp felaktigt?\n"
+#~ "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+#~ "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#~ msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+#~ msgstr "Patchen har inte någon giltig e-postadress."
+
+#~ msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "Tillämpar: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "Patchen misslyckades vid $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+#~ "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+#~ "as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Du kan inte göra en \"pull\" då du har ändringar som inte checkats in.\n"
+#~ "Rätta dem i din arbetskatalog och använd sedan \"git add/rm <fil>\"\n"
+#~ "där det är lämpligt för att ange lösning och checka in."
+
+#~ msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Du kan inte göra en \"pull\" då du har ändringar som inte checkats in."
+
+#~ msgid "no branch specified"
+#~ msgstr "inget grennamn angavs"
+
+#~ msgid "check a branch out in a separate working directory"
+#~ msgstr "checka ut en gren i separat arbetskatalog"
+
+#~ msgid "prune .git/worktrees"
+#~ msgstr "rensa .git/worktrees"
+
+#~ msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+#~ msgstr "De mest använda git-kommandona är:"
+
+#~ msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Okänd gren: \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte skapa gitlänk %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Ogiltig gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "(detached from %s)"
+#~ msgstr "(frånkopplad från %s)"
+
+#~ msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Hittade ingen befintlig författare med \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "search also in ignored files"
+#~ msgstr "sök även i ignorerade filer"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <gren>)"
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "inga filer har lagts till"
+
+#~ msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+#~ msgstr "tvinga skapande (när den redan finns)"
+
+#~ msgid "slot"
+#~ msgstr "plats"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades låsa referens för uppdatering"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write ref"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades skriva referens"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock HEAD during fast_forward_to"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades låsa HEAD under \"fast_forward_to\""
+
+#~ msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktig incheckning: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte låsa HEAD-referens"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera HEAD-referens"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte läsa aktuell katalog (cwd)"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: kan inte låsa referensen"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: kan inte uppdatera referensen"
+
+#~ msgid "commit has empty message"
+#~ msgstr "incheckningen har ett tomt meddelande"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte byta katalog (chdir): %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Spårning har inte ställts in: namnet för långt: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte hitta .gitmodules i indexet"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "misslyckades läsa uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte ta status på uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte ta bort .gitmodules från indexet"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "misslyckades lägga till uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "programfel"
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", efter "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+#~ "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+#~ "anymore.\n"
+#~ "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+#~ "directory.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Beteendet för \"git add %s (eller %s)\" utan sökvägsargument från en\n"
+#~ "underkatalog i ett träd kommer ändras i Git 2.0 och bör inte längre "
+#~ "användas.\n"
+#~ "För att lägga till innehållet för hela trädet, använd:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (eller git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "För att begränsa kommandot till aktuell katalog, använd:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (eller git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "I nuvarande version av Git begränsas kommandot till aktuell katalog.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you "
+#~ "removed.\n"
+#~ "Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+#~ "removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+#~ "  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Du körde \"git add\" utan varken \"-A (--all)\" eller \"--ignore-removal"
+#~ "\".\n"
+#~ "Beteendet kommer ändras i Git 2.0 vad gäller sökvägar du tagit bort.\n"
+#~ "Sökvägar som \"%s\", som har\n"
+#~ "tagits bort från din arbetskatalog ignoreras i den här versionen av Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* \"git add --ignore-removal <sökväg>\", som är förvalet just nu,\n"
+#~ "  ignorerar sökvägar du har tagit bort från arbetskatalogen.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* \"git add --all <sökväg>\" låter dig även registrera borttagningarna.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Kör \"git status\" för att kontrollera sökvägarna du tagit bort från\n"
+#~ "arbetskatalogen.\n"
+
+#~ msgid "key id"
+#~ msgstr "nyckel-id"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+#~ "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Packar arkivet automatiskt för optimal prestanda. Du kan även\n"
+#~ "köra \"git gc\" manuellt. Se \"git help gc\" för mer information.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+#~ "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+#~ "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration "
+#~ "variable\n"
+#~ "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på en insänd gren är bakom dess\n"
+#~ "fjärrmotsvarighet. Om det inte var meningen att sända in grenen, bör\n"
+#~ "du specificera grenar att sända, eller ändra inställningsvariabeln\n"
+#~ "\"push-default\" till \"simple\", \"current\" eller \"upstream\" för att "
+#~ "endast\n"
+#~ "sända aktuell gren."
+
+#~ msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "kopierad:   %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#~ msgstr "borttagen:  %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "ändrad:     %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "namnbyte:   %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "osammansl.: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med null-tecken"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Avbryter. Överväg att använda antingen flaggan --force eller --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (alla konflikter har rättats: kör \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "mer än %d träd angavs: \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --no-ff med --ff-only."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "undermodulen \"%s\" (eller en av dess undermoduler) använder en .git-"
+#~ "katalog\n"
+#~ "(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\"%s\" har köade ändringar i indexet\n"
+#~ "(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga "
+#~ "borttagning)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "visa incheckningar där ingen förälder kommer före dess barn"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "visa HEAD-referensen"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna ospårade filer. \"status -uno\""
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "kanske gör det snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så att du"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "inte glömmer lägga till filer själv (se \"git help status\")"
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-flaggor] [--] [<incheckning-id>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se \"git help <kommando>\" för mer information om ett specifikt kommando."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla referenser i .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla taggar i .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktigt objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktig incheckarinformation %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte öppna (fdopen) \"show\"-utdata-filhandtag"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte stänga röret till \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Du har ingen giltig HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "hoppsan"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Skulle inte ta bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Tar inte bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | -d | <gren>])"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 filer ändrade"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d fil ändrad"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d filer ändrade"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d tillägg(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d tillägg(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d borttagning(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d borttagningar(-)"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (spåra med \"git add\")"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detcah kan inte användas med -b/-B/--orphan"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kan inte användas med -t"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan och -b|-B kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan kan inte användas med -t"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: -f och -m är inkompatibla"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: uppdatera sökvägar är inkompatibelt med att växla gren."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "misslyckades sätta upp för diff"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done misslyckades"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s: har tagits bort/ändrat namn"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "\"%s\": inte en dokumentationskatalog."
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "Flaggan -d stöds inte lägre. Använd inte."
+
+#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
+#~ msgstr "cherry-pick"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte extrahera e-postadress från incheckarens identitet."
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "# Changed but not updated:"
+#~ msgstr "# Ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: we do not like '%s' as a branch name."
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: vi tycker inte om \"%s\" som namn på en gren."
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: branch %s already exists"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: grenen %s finns redan"
+
+#~ msgid "Paths with --interactive does not make sense."
+#~ msgstr "Kan inte ange sökvägar med --interactive."
+
+#~ msgid "No HEAD commit to compare with (yet)"
+#~ msgstr "Ingen HEAD-incheckning att jämföra med (ännu)"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot mix --fixed-strings and regexp"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte blanda --fixed-strings och reguljära uttryck"
+
+#~ msgid "%s; will overwrite!"
+#~ msgstr "%s; kommer skriva över!"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write current notes tree to database"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte skriva aktuellt anteckningsträd till databasen"
diff --git a/po/vi.po b/po/vi.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f048244d32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/vi.po
@@ -0,0 +1,13326 @@
+# Vietnamese translation for GIT-CORE.
+# Bản dịch tiếng Việt dành cho GIT-CORE.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git-core package.
+# Nguyễn Thái Ng�c Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>, 2012.
+# Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git v2.9.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-05-25 07:39+0700\n"
+"Last-Translator: Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Vietnamese <translation-team-vi@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
+"Language: vi\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+"X-Language-Team-Website: <http://translationproject.org/team/vi.html>\n"
+"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: UTF-8\n"
+"X-Poedit-Basepath: ../\n"
+"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.7\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "gợi ý: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Sửa chúng trong cây làm việc,\n"
+"và sau đó dùng lệnh “git add/rm <tập-tin>�\n"
+"dành riêng cho việc đánh dấu cần giải quyết và tạo lần chuyển giao."
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộn (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "Vui lòng chuyển giao các thay đổi trước khi hòa trộn."
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "Thoát ra bởi vì việc hòa trộn không hoàn tất."
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <tree-ish> [<đư�ng-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <kho> [--exec <lệnh>] [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <tree-ish> "
+"[<đư�ng-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <kho> [--exec <lệnh>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "đặc tả đư�ng dẫn “%s� không khớp với bất kỳ tập tin nào"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "định_dạng"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "định dạng lưu trữ"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "ti�n_tố"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "nối thêm ti�n tố vào từng đư�ng dẫn tập tin trong kho lưu"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548 builtin/blame.c:2549
+#: builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987 builtin/fast-export.c:989
+#: builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100 builtin/ls-files.c:459
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "tập_tin"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "ghi kho lưu vào tập tin này"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "đ�c .gitattributes trong thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "liệt kê các tập tin được lưu trữ vào stderr (đầu ra lỗi tiêu chuẩn)"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "chỉ lưu (không nén)"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "nén nhanh hơn"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "nén nh� hơn"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "liệt kê các kiểu nén được hỗ trợ"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "kho"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "nhận kho nén từ kho chứa <kho> trên máy chủ"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "lệnh"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đến lệnh git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Các mẫu dạng phủ định bị cấm dùng cho các thuộc tính của git\n"
+"Dùng “\\!� cho các chuỗi văn bản có dấu chấm than dẫn đầu."
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sau khi sửa nguyên nhân lỗi bạn có lẻ cần thử sửa\n"
+"thông tin theo dõi máy chủ bằng cách g�i lệnh\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Chưa cài đặt nhánh %s như là thượng nguồn của nó."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh máy chủ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi tham chiếu máy chủ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi vết tham chiếu nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi tham chiếu nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi cấu hình nhánh thượng nguồn"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Không theo dõi: thông tin chưa rõ ràng cho tham chiếu %s"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "“%s� không phải là một tên nhánh hợp lệ."
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "�ã có nhánh mang tên “%s�."
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Không thể ép buộc cập nhật nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cài đặt thông tin theo dõi; điểm bắt đầu “%s� không phải là một "
+"nhánh."
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "nhánh thượng nguồn đã yêu cầu “%s� không tồn tại"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định “cải tổ� công việc của bạn trên nhánh thượng nguồn\n"
+"(upstream) cái mà đã sẵn có trên máy chủ, bạn cần chạy\n"
+"lệnh \"git fetch\" để lấy nó v�.\n"
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định đẩy lên lên một nhánh nội bộ mới cái mà\n"
+"sẽ theo dõi bản đối chiếu máy chủ của nó, bạn cần dùng lệnh\n"
+"\"git push -u\" để đặt cấu hình thượng nguồn bạn muốn push."
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng hợp lệ: “%s�."
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Tên đối tượng chưa rõ ràng: “%s�."
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nhánh không hợp lệ: “%s�."
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "“%s� đã sẵn được lấy ra tại “%s�"
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "HEAD của cây làm việc %s chưa được cập nhật"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "“%s� không giống như tập tin v2 bundle (định dạng dump của git)"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "phần đầu không được thừa nhận: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s�"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Kho chứa thiếu những lần chuyển giao tiên quyết này:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "cài đặt việc di chuyển qua các điểm xét duyệt gặp lỗi"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Bó dữ liệu chứa %d tham chiếu:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Lệnh bundle ghi lại toàn bộ lịch sử."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu %d tham chiếu này:"
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Không thể sản sinh đối tượng gói"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "đối tượng gói đã chết"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list đã chết"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "th.chiếu “%s� bị loại trừ bởi các tùy ch�n rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "đối số không được thừa nhận: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Từ chối tạo một bó dữ liệu trống rỗng."
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “%s�"
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "mục lục gói đã chết"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "giá trị màu không hợp lệ: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích cú pháp %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s không phải là một lần chuyển giao!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "hết bộ nhớ"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "tập tin cấu hình sai tại dòng %d trong %s %s"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "sai giá trị bằng số của cấu hình “%s� cho “%s� trong %s %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "sai giá trị bằng số của cấu hình “%s� cho “%s�: %s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi mở rộng thư mục ngư�i dùng trong: “%s�"
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "mức nén zlib %d là sai"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "chế độ không hợp lệ đối với việc tạo đối tượng: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích cấu hình dòng lệnh"
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "đã có lỗi chưa biết xảy ra trong khi đ�c các tập tin cấu hình"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích “%s� từ cấu hình dòng lệnh"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "sai biến cấu hình “%s� trong tập tin “%s� tại dòng %d"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s có đa giá trị"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đặt “%s� thành “%s�"
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể thôi đặt “%s�"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Không thể chạy “git rev-list�"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi vào rev-list"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đầu vào chuẩn stdin của rev-list"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "trong tÆ°Æ¡ng lai"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu giây trước"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu phút trước"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu gi� trước"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu ngày trước"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu tuần trước"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu tháng trước"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu năm"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, %lu tháng trước"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu năm trước"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đ�c tập-tin-thứ-tự “%s�"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "�ang thực hiện dò tìm đổi tên không chính xác"
+
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Gặp lỗi khi phân tích dirstat cắt b� phần trăm “%s�\n"
+
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Không hiểu đối số dirstat “%s�\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không hiểu giá trị cho biến cấu hình “diff.submodule�: “%s�"
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Tìm thấy các lỗi trong biến cấu hình “diff.dirstat�:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "phần m�m diff ở bên ngoài đã chết, dừng tại %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow cần chính xác một đặc tả đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy ch�n --dirstat/-X:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy ch�n --submodule: “%s�"
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi lấy tên và thông tin của nhân"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr "Bộ nhớ tạm không theo vết bị tắt trên hệ thống hay vị trí này."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "không thể chạy gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg đã không chấp nhận dữ liệu"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg gặp lỗi khi ký dữ liệu"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin tạm th�i “%s�"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi chữ ký đính kèm vào “%s�"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "“%s�: không thể đ�c %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi lấy thống kê v� “%s�"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "“%s�: đ�c ngắn"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn có trong thư mục “%s�:"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn có từ một nơi khác trong $PATH của bạn"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "Có các lệnh Git chung được sử dụng trong các tình huống khác nhau:"
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"“%s� trông như là một lệnh git, nhưng chúng tôi không\n"
+"thể thực thi nó. Có lẽ là lệnh git-%s đã bị h�ng?"
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "�i chà. Hệ thống của bạn báo rằng chẳng có lệnh Git nào cả."
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"CẢNH B�O: Bạn đã g�i lệnh Git có tên “%s�, mà nó lại không có sẵn.\n"
+"Tiếp tục và coi rằng ý bạn là “%s�"
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "trong %0.1f giây một cách tự động…"
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: “%s� không phải là một lệnh của git. Xem “git --help�."
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Có phải ý bạn là một trong số những cái này không?"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể tạo “%s.lock�: %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Tiến trình git khác có lẽ đang chạy ở kho này, ví dụ\n"
+"một trình soạn thảo được mở bởi “git commit�. Vui lòng chắc chắn\n"
+"rằng m�i tiến trình đã chấm dứt và sau đó thử lại. Nếu vẫn lỗi,\n"
+"một tiến trình git có lẽ đã đổ vỡ khi thực hiện ở kho này trước đó:\n"
+"gõ b� tập tin một cách thủ công để tiếp tục."
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo “%s.lock�: %s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đ�c bộ nhớ đệm"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(commit sai)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache gặp lỗi đối với đư�ng dẫn “%s�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo đư�ng dẫn “%s�%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� %s để tạo chỗ (room) cho thư mục con\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": có lẽ là một xung đột D/F?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "từ chối đóng tập tin không được theo dõi tại “%s�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c đối tượng %s “%s�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng blob được mong đợi cho %s “%s�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở “%s�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo liên kết m�m (symlink) “%s�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "không hiểu phải làm gì với %06o %s “%s�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện trộn nội bộ"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Không thể thêm %s vào cơ sở dữ liệu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không được hỗ trợ trong cây (tree)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG �ỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
+"còn lại trong cây (tree)."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG �ỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
+"còn lại trong cây (tree) tại %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "đổi tên"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "đã đổi tên"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s là một thư mục trong %s thay vào đó thêm vào như là %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG �ỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): �ổi tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong nhánh \"%s\" đổi "
+"tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG �ỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): �ổi tên %s->%s trong %s. �ổi tên %s->%s trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "�ang đổi tên %s thành %s thay vì %s thành %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG �ỘT (đổi-tên/thêm): �ổi tên %s->%s trong %s. %s được thêm vào trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Thêm hòa trộn %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Thay vào đó thêm vào %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c đối tượng %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "đối tượng %s không phải là một blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "sửa đổi"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "đã sửa"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "ná»™i dung"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "thêm/thêm"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "�ã b� qua %s (đã có sẵn lần hòa trộn này)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Tự-động-hòa-trộn %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "mô-đun-con"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "XUNG �ỘT (%s): Xung đột hòa trộn trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "�ang xóa %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "tập-tin/thư-mục"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "thư-mục/tập-tin"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG �ỘT (%s): Ở đây không có thư mục nào có tên %s trong %s. Thêm %s như là "
+"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Thêm \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Việc hòa trộn h�ng nghiêm tr�ng, không nên để xảy ra."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "�ã cập nhật rồi!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "hòa trộn các cây %s và %s gặp lỗi"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn chưa được xử lý??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "�ang trộn:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "tìm thấy %u tổ tiên chung:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "hòa trộn không trả v� lần chuyển giao nào"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Không thể ghi bảng mục lục"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuyển giao cây ghi chú chưa được khởi tạo hoặc không được tham "
+"chiếu"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị notes.rewriteMode sai: “%s�"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Từ chối ghi đè ghi chú trong %s (nằm ngoài refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị %s sai: “%s�"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng: “%s�"
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "…"
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "cách dùng: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "     hoặc: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-S�"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình “%s�"
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Không thể làm %s được ghi bởi nhóm"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"các cài đặt đặc tả đư�ng dẫn “glob� và “noglob� toàn cục là xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"cài đặt đặc tả đư�ng dẫn “literal� toàn cục là xung khắc với các cài đặt đặc "
+"tả đư�ng dẫn toàn cục khác"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "tham số không hợp lệ cho “ti�n tố� màu nhiệm đặc tả đư�ng đẫn"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Số màu nhiệm đặc tả đư�ng dẫn không hợp lệ “%.*s� trong “%s�"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Thiếu “)� tại cuối của số màu nhiệm đặc tả đư�ng dẫn trong “%s�"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Chưa viết mã cho số màu nhiệm đặc tả đư�ng dẫn “%c� trong “%s�"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: “literal� và “glob� xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: “%s� ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "�ặc tả đư�ng dẫn “%s� thì ở trong mô-đun-con “%.*s�"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: số mầu nhiệm đặc tả đư�ng dẫn chưa được hỗ trợ bởi lệnh này: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "đặc tả đư�ng dẫn “%s� vượt ra ngoài liên kết m�m"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ở đây không có gì bị loại trừ bởi: các mẫu (loại trừ).\n"
+"Có lẽ bạn đã quên thêm hoặc là “:/� hoặc là “.�?"
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích định dạng --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "xong"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version được đặt, nhưng giá trị của nó lại không hợp lệ.\n"
+"Dùng phiên bản %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION được đặt, nhưng giá trị của nó lại không hợp lệ.\n"
+"Dùng phiên bản %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s� để ghi"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "không thể xóa b� tham chiếu %s: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "không thể xóa b� tham chiếu: %s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "không thể gỡ b� tham chiếu: %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "cần định dạng: %%(color:<color>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "không nhận ra màu: %%(màu:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "không nhận ra định dạng: %%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) không nhận các đối số"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) không nhận các đối số"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "cần nội dung mang giá trị dương:lines=%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "đối số không được thừa nhận %%(contents): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "đối số không được thừa nhận %%(objectname): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "cần định dạng: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "vị trí không được thừa nhận:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "chi�u rộng không được thừa nhận:%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "đối số không được thừa nhận %%(align): %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "cần giá trị độ rộng dương với nguyên tử %%(align)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "tên trư�ng dị hình: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "không hiểu tên trư�ng: %.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "định dạng: nguyên tử %%(end) được dùng mà không có nguyên tử tương ứng"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "chuỗi định dạng dị hình %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= cần một đối số nguyên dương"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "tham chiếu “%s� không có %ld thành phần để mà :strip"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "Không hiểu định dạng %.*s %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "thiếu đối tượng %s cho %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "parse_object_buffer gặp lỗi trên %s cho %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng dị hình tại “%s�"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "đang l� đi tham chiếu với tên h�ng %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "đang l� đi tham chiếu h�ng %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "định dạng: thiếu nguyên tử %%(end)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình %s"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy v� cả %s và %s cho %s"
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s thư�ng theo dõi %s, không phải %s"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s theo dõi cả %s và %s"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Lá»—i ná»™i bá»™"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào cả"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "không có nhánh nào như thế: “%s�"
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "không có thượng nguồn được cấu hình cho nhánh “%s�"
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"nhánh thượng nguồn “%s� không được lưu lại như là một nhánh theo dõi máy chủ"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr "đẩy lên đích “%s� trên máy chủ “%s� không có nhánh theo dõi nội bộ"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "nhánh “%s� không có máy chủ để đẩy lên"
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "đẩy refspecs cho “%s� không bao gồm “%s�"
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "đẩy lên mà không có đích (push.default là “nothing�)"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "không thể phân giải đẩy “đơn giản� đến một đích đơn"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh của bạn dựa trên cơ sở là “%s�, nhưng trên thượng nguồn không còn.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "   (dùng \" git branch --unset-upstream\" để sửa)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh của bạn đã cập nhật với “%s�.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Nhánh của bạn đứng trước “%s� %d lần chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git push\" để xuất bản các lần chuyển giao nội bộ của bạn)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nhánh của bạn đứng đằng sau “%s� %d lần chuyển giao, và có thể được chuyển-"
+"tiếp-nhanh.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git pull\" để cập nhật nhánh nội bộ của bạn)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nhánh của bạn và “%s� bị phân kỳ,\n"
+"và có %d và %d lần chuyển giao khác nhau cho từng cái,\n"
+"tương ứng với mỗi lần.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git pull\" để hòa trộn nhánh trên máy chủ vào trong nhánh của "
+"bạn)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "nhánh hiện tại của bạn có vẻ như bị h�ng"
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "nhánh hiện tại của bạn “%s� không có một lần chuyển giao nào cả"
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent xung khắc với --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở “/dev/null�"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) gặp lỗi"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ký chứng thực đẩy"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "kết thúc nhận không hỗ trợ đẩy --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"đừng gửi giấy chứng nhận đẩy trước khi kết thúc nhận không hỗ trợ đẩy --"
+"signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "kết thúc nhận không hỗ trợ đẩy --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đư�ng dẫn đã sửa\n"
+"với lệnh “git add <đư�ng_dẫn>� hoặc “git rm <đư�ng_dẫn>�"
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đư�ng dẫn đã sửa\n"
+"với lệnh “git add <đư�ng_dẫn>� hoặc “git rm <đư�ng_dẫn>�\n"
+"và chuyển giao kết quả bằng lệnh “git commit�"
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi vào %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Lỗi bao b�c %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh cherry-pick."
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh hoàn nguyên."
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Chuyển giao các thay đổi của bạn hay tạm cất (stash) chúng để xử lý."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Không thể phân giải lần chuyển giao HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật cây bộ nhớ đệm\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao cha mẹ “%s�\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Tập tin lưu mục lục của bạn không được hòa trộn."
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s là một lần hòa trộn nhưng không đưa ra tùy ch�n -m."
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s không có cha mẹ %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Luồng chính đã được chỉ ra nhưng lần chuyển giao %s không phải là một lần "
+"hòa trộn."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao mẹ của %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ghi chú lần chuyển giao cho %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "không thể hoàn nguyên %s… %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "không thể áp dụng miếng vá %s… %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao trống rỗng đặt là hợp quy cách"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi đ�c bảng mục lục"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi khi làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Không thể %s trong khi %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Không phân tích được dòng %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Không có lần chuyển giao nào được phân tích."
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Không thể mở %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Không thể đ�c %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Bảng chỉ thị không thể dùng được: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Khóa không đúng: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Giá trị không hợp lệ %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Bảng tùy ch�n dị hình: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "có một thao tác “cherry-pick� hoặc “revert� đang được thực hiện"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "hãy thử \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục xếp dãy %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Lỗi bao b�c %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "không cherry-pick hay hoàn nguyên trong tiến trình"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "không thể phân giải HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "không thể hủy b� từ một nhánh mà nó còn chưa được tạo ra"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "không mở được “%s�"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "gặp kết thúc tập tin đột xuất"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "tập tin HEAD “pre-cherry-pick� đã lưu “%s� bị h�ng"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Không thể định dạng “%s�."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: không thể cherry-pick một %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: điểm xét duyệt sai"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Không thể hoàn nguyên một lần chuyển giao khởi tạo"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Không thể cherry-pick vào một đầu (head) trống rỗng"
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đ�c %s"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "Cần phiên bản kho git <= %d, nhưng lại nhận được %d"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "tìm thấy phần mở rộng kho chưa biết:"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "vị trí tương đối trước điểm kết thúc của tập tin gói (.idx h�ng à?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr "vị trí tương đối nằm trước chỉ mục gói cho %s (mục lục bị h�ng à?)"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr ""
+"vị trí tương đối vượt quá cuối của chỉ mục gói cho %s (mục lục bị cắt cụt à?)"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git thư�ng không bao gi� tạo tham chiếu mà nó kết thúc với 40 ký tự hex\n"
+"bởi vì nó sẽ bị b� qua khi bạn chỉ định 40-hex. Những tham chiếu này\n"
+"có lẽ được tạo ra bởi một sai sót nào đó. Ví dụ,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse …)\n"
+"\n"
+"với \"$br\" không hiểu lý do vì sao trống rỗng và một tham chiếu 40-hex được "
+"tạo ra.\n"
+"Xin hãy kiểm tra những tham chiếu này và có thể xóa chúng đi. Tắt l�i nhắn "
+"này\n"
+"bằng cách chạy lệnh \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể thay đổi .gitmodules chưa hòa trộn, hãy giải quyết xung đột trộn "
+"trÆ°á»›c"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy phần trong .gitmodules nơi mà đư�ng_dẫn=%s"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật mục .gitmodules %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� mục .gitmodules dành cho %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tổ chức .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "không cho phép giá trị âm ở submodule.fetchJobs"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "giá trị cho %s không hợp lệ"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "chạy lệnh kéo theo “%s� gặp lỗi"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "không hiểu giá trị “%s� cho khóa “%s�"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "nhi�u hơn một %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "thẻ thừa trống rỗng trong phần thừa “%.*s�"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "không đ�c được tập tin đầu vào “%s�"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê v� %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "\"%s\" không phải là tập tin bình thư�ng"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "tập tin %s ngư�i dùng không thể ghi được"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin tạm th�i"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "không thể đổi tên tập tin tạm th�i thành %s"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "Không thể đ�c tham chiếu %s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn với các tập tin sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng chuyển giao các thay đổi hay tạm cất chúng đi trước khi bạn có "
+"thể chuyển nhánh."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn với các tập tin sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn với các tập tin sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"hòa trộn:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng chuyển giao các thay đổi hay tạm cất chúng đi trước khi bạn có "
+"thể hòa trộn."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn với các tập tin sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"hòa trộn:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn với các tập tin sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"%s:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng chuyển giao các thay đổi hay tạm cất chúng đi trước khi bạn có "
+"thể %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn với các tập tin sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"%s:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật các thư mục sau đây có thể làm mất các tập tin theo dõi trong "
+"nó:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị gỡ b� bởi lệnh "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng di chuyển hay gỡ b� chúng trước khi bạn có thể chuyển nhánh."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị gỡ b� bởi lệnh "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị gỡ b� bởi lệnh hòa "
+"trá»™n:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng di chuyển hay gỡ b� chúng trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị gỡ b� bởi lệnh hòa "
+"trá»™n:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị gỡ b� bởi %s:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng di chuyển hay gỡ b� chúng trước khi bạn có thể %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị gỡ b� bởi %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng di chuyển hay gỡ b� chúng trước khi bạn có thể chuyển nhánh."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"hòa trộn:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng di chuyển hay gỡ b� chúng trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"hòa trộn:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"%s:\n"
+"%%sVui lòng di chuyển hay gỡ b� chúng trước khi bạn có thể %s."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi lệnh "
+"%s:\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "Mục “%s� đè lên “%s�. Không thể buộc."
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật checkout rải rác: các mục tin sau đây chưa cập nhật:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị ghi đè bởi cập "
+"nhật checkout rải rác:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin cây làm việc chưa được theo dõi sau đây sẽ bị xóa b� bởi cập "
+"nhật checkout rải rác:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "Bãi b�\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "�ang lấy ra các tập tin"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "tên lược đồ URL không hợp lệ, hoặc thiếu hậu tố “://�"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "thoát chuỗi %XX không hợp lệ"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "thiếu máy chủ và lược đồ thì không phải là giao thức “file:�"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "URL kiểu “file:� không được chứa cổng"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "có các ký tự không hợp lệ trong tên máy"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "tên cổng không hợp lệ"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "đoạn đư�ng dẫn “..� không hợp lệ"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s� để đ�c và ghi"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s� để ghi"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s� để đ�c"
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s�"
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy thư mục làm việc hiện hành"
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "không thể mở %s để ghi"
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "không thể ghi vào %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "không thể đóng %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Những đư�ng dẫn chưa được hòa trộn:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git reset %s <tập-tin>…\" để b� ra kh�i bệ phóng)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm --cached <tập-tin>…\" để b� ra kh�i bệ phóng)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>…\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>…\" như là một cách thích hợp để đánh dấu là "
+"cần được giải quyết)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm <tập-tin>…\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Những thay đổi sẽ được chuyển giao:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Các thay đổi chưa được đặt lên bệ phóng để chuyển giao:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>…\" để cập nhật những gì sẽ chuyển giao)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>…\" để cập nhật những gì sẽ được chuyển giao)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git checkout -- <tập-tin>…\" để loại b� các thay đổi trong thư mục "
+"làm việc)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (chuyển giao hoặc là loại b� các nội dung chưa được theo dõi hay đã sửa "
+"chữa trong mô-đun-con)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git %s <tập-tin>…\" để thêm vào những gì cần được chuyển giao)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "bị xóa bởi cả hai:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi chúng ta:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "bị xóa đi bởi h�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi h�:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "bị xóa bởi chúng ta:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi cả hai:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "bị sửa bởi cả hai:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "lỗi: không thể tiếp nhận trạng thái chưa hòa trộn %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "tập tin mới:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "đã chép:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "đã xóa:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "đã sửa:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "đã đổi tên:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "đổi-kiểu:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "không hiểu:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "chưa hòa trộn:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao mới, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "nội dung bị sửa đổi, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "nội dung chưa được theo dõi, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "lỗi: không thể tiếp nhận trạng thái lệnh diff %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con đã bị thay đổi nhưng chưa được cập nhật:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con thay đổi đã được chuyển giao:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Không động đến đư�ng ở trên.\n"
+"M�i thứ phía dưới sẽ được xóa b�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Bạn có những đư�ng dẫn chưa được hòa trộn."
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột rồi chạy \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tất cả các xung đột đã được giải quyết nhưng bạn vẫn đang hòa trộn."
+
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git commit\" để hoàn tất việc hòa trộn)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Bạn đang ở giữa của một phiên “am�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Miếng vá hiện tại bị trống rỗng."
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --skip\" để b� qua miếng vá này)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --abort\" để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "Không thực hiện lệnh nào."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "Lệnh thực hiện cuối (%d lệnh được thực thi):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  (xem thêm trong %s)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "Không có lệnh nào còn lại."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "Lệnh cần làm kế tiếp (%d lệnh còn lại):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  (dùng lệnh \"git rebase --edit-todo\" để xem và sửa)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc “rebase� nhánh “%s� trên “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc “rebase� (“cải tổ�)."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh “cải tổ� \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng lệnh “cải tổ� \"git rebase --skip\" để b� qua lần vá này)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng lệnh “cải tổ� \"git rebase --abort\" để check-out nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh “cải tổ� \"git rebase --"
+"continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc chia tách một lần chuyển giao trong khi "
+"đang “rebase� nhánh “%s� trên “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện tại đang cắt đôi một lần chuyển giao trong khi đang thực hiện việc "
+"rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Một khi thư mục làm việc của bạn đã g�n gàng, chạy lệnh “cải tổ� \"git "
+"rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc sửa chữa một lần chuyển giao trong khi đang "
+"rebase nhánh “%s� trên “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện đang sửa một lần chuyển giao trong khi bạn thực hiện rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git commit --amend\" để “tu bổ� lần chuyển giao hiện tại)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (chạy lệnh “cải tổ� \"git rebase --continue\" một khi bạn cảm thấy hài "
+"lòng v� những thay đổi của mình)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc cherry-pick lần chuyển giao %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git cherry-pick --"
+"continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git cherry-pick --abort\" để hủy b� thao tác cherry-pick)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác hoàn nguyên lần chuyển giao “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git revert --abort\" để hủy b� thao tác hoàn nguyên)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác di chuyển nửa bước (bisect), bắt đầu từ "
+"nhánh “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện tại đang thực hiện việc bisect (di chuyển nửa bước)."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git bisect reset\" để quay trở lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Trên nhánh "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebase ở chế độ tương tác đang được thực hiện; lên trên "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebase đang được thực hiện: lên trên "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách r�i tại "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách r�i từ "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Hiện tại chẳng ở nhánh nào cả."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao khởi tạo"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Những tập tin chưa được theo dõi"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Những tập tin bị l� đi"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Cần %.2f giây để liệt kê tất cả các tập tin chưa được theo dõi. “status -"
+"uno�\n"
+"có lẽ làm nó nhanh hơn, nhưng bạn phải cẩn thận đừng quên mình phải\n"
+"tự thêm các tập tin mới (xem “git help status�.."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Những tập tin chưa được theo dõi không được liệt kê ra %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (dùng tùy ch�n -u để hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Không có thay đổi nào"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào để chuyển giao (dùng \"git add\" và/hoặc "
+"\"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào để chuyển giao\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao nhưng có những tập tin chưa được "
+"theo dõi hiện diện (dùng \"git add\" để đưa vào theo dõi)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao nhưng có những tập tin chưa được "
+"theo dõi hiện diện\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì để chuyển giao (tạo/sao-chép các tập tin và dùng \"git add\" để "
+"đưa vào theo dõi)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì để chuyển giao (dùng -u xem các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao, thư mục làm việc sạch sẽ\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao khởi tạo trên "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (không nhánh)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "đã ra đi"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "đằng sau "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "phía trước "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi b� liên kết (unlink) “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [--]  <pathspec>…"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "trạng thái lệnh diff không như mong đợi %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "gỡ b� “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr ""
+"�ưa ra kh�i bệ phóng các thay đổi sau khi làm tươi mới lại bảng mục lục:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Không thể đ�c bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s� để ghi."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi ra miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi sửa miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê v� “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Miếng vá trống rỗng. Nên b� qua."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể áp dụng miếng vá “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Các đư�ng dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị l� đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore "
+"của bạn:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "chạy thử"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "chi tiết"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "sửa bằng cách tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "ch�n “hunks� theo kiểu tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "sửa diff hiện nay và áp dụng nó"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "cho phép thêm các tập tin bị b� qua khác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin được theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "chỉ ghi lại sự việc mà đư�ng dẫn sẽ được thêm vào sau"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+"thêm các thay đổi từ tất cả các tập tin có cũng như không được theo dõi dấu "
+"vết"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"l� đi các đư�ng dẫn bị gỡ b� trong cây thư mục làm việc (giống với --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "không thêm, chỉ làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "chie b� qua những tập tin mà nó không thể được thêm vào bởi vì gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+"kiểm tra xem - thậm chí thiếu - tập tin bị b� qua trong quá trình chạy thử"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tùy ch�n -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm chúng vào.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "thêm tập tin gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A và -u xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n --ignore-missing chỉ có thể được dùng cùng với --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Không có gì được chỉ ra, không có gì được thêm vào.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Có lẽ ý bạn là “git add .� phải không?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị h�ng"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đ�c “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích cú pháp văn lệnh tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "“%s� bị xóa bởi móc applypatch-msg"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Dòng đầu vào dị hình: “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi sao chép ghi chú (note) từ “%s� tới “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "fseek gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích cú pháp “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Chỉ có một sê-ri miếng vá StGIT được áp dụng một lúc"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "dấu th�i gian không hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "dòng Ngày tháng không hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "độ lệch múi gi� không hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Dò tìm định dạng miếng vá gặp lỗi."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "tạo thư mục \"%s\" gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi chia nh� các miếng vá."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "Khi bạn đã phân giải xong trục trặc này, hãy chạy \"%s --continue\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Nếu bạn muốn b� qua miếng vá này, hãy chạy lệnh \"%s --skip\" để thay thế."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr "�ể phục hồi lại nhánh gốc và dừng vá, hãy chạy \"%s --abort\"."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "Miếng vá trống rỗng. Quá trình chia nh� miếng vá có lỗi?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "dòng thụt l� không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr "Kho thiếu đối tượng blob cần thiết để trở v� trên “3-way merge�."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Sử dụng thông tin trong bảng mục lục để cấu trúc lại một cây (tree) cơ sở…"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đã sửa miếng vá của mình bằng cách thủ công à?\n"
+"Nó không thể áp dụng các blob đã được ghi lại trong bảng mục lục của nó."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "�ang trở lại để vá cơ sở và “hòa trộn 3-đư�ng�…"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi trộn vào các thay đổi."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "lệnh git write-tree gặp lỗi khi ghi một cây"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "áp dụng vào một lịch sử trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi đối tượng chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "không thể phục hồi: %s không tồn tại."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể được tương tác mà không có stdin kết nối với một thiết bị cuối"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Thân của lần chuyển giao là:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr ""
+"�p dụng? đồng ý [y]/khô[n]g/chỉnh sửa [e]/hiển thị miếng [v]á/chấp nhận tất "
+"cả [a]: "
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "Bảng mục lục bẩn: không thể áp dụng các miếng vá (bẩn: %s)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "�p dụng: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Không thay đổi gì cả -- Miếng vá đã được áp dụng rồi."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi vá tại %s %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "Bản sao chép của miếng vá mà nó gặp lỗi thì được tìm thấy trong: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Không có thay đổi nào - bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add� à?\n"
+"Nếu ở đây không có gì còn lại stage, tình c� là có một số thứ khác\n"
+"đã sẵn được đưa vào với cùng nội dung thay đổi; bạn có lẽ muốn b� qua miếng "
+"vá này."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn vẫn có những đư�ng dẫn chưa được hòa trộn trong bảng mục lục của mình.\n"
+"Bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add� à?"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi d�n bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn có lẽ đã có HEAD đã bị di chuyển đi kể từ lần “am� thất bại cuối cùng.\n"
+"Không thể chuyển tới ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "Giá trị không hợp lệ cho --patch-format: %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<các-tùy-ch�n>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "chạy kiểu tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n lịch sử -- không-toán-tử"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "cho phép quay trở lại để hòa trộn kiểu “3way� nếu cần"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "im lặng"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "Thêm dòng Signed-off-by cho ghi chú của lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "chuyển mã thành utf8 (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "chuyển c� -k cho git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "chuyển c� -b cho git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "chuyển c� -m cho git-mailinfo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "chuyển c� --keep-cr cho git-mailsplit với định dạng mbox"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr ""
+"đừng chuyển c� --keep-cr cho git-mailsplit không phụ thuộc vào am.keepcr"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "cắt m�i thứ trước dòng scissors"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "hành động"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "chuyển nó qua git-apply"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "gốc"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "đư�ng-dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134 builtin/pull.c:193
+#: builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182 builtin/show-branch.c:645
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340 parse-options.h:132
+#: parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "số"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "định dạng"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "định dạng (các) miếng vá theo"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "đè lên các l�i nhắn lỗi khi xảy ra lỗi vá nghiêm tr�ng"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "tiếp tục áp dụng các miếng vá sau khi giải quyết xung đột"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "đồng nghĩa với --continue"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "b� qua miếng vá hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr "phục hồi lại nhánh gốc và loại b� thao tác vá."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "nói dối v� ngày chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "dùng dấu th�i gian hiện tại cho ngày tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "mã-số-khóa"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao ký-GPG"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "(dùng nội bộ cho git-rebase)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Tùy ch�n -b/--binary đã không dùng từ lâu rồi, và\n"
+"nó sẽ được b� đi. Xin đừng sử dụng nó thêm nữa."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi đ�c bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "thư mục rebase trước %s không sẵn có nhưng mbox lại đưa ra."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Tìm thấy thư mục lạc %s.\n"
+"Dùng \"git am --abort\" để loại b� nó đi."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Thao tác phân giải không được tiến hành, chúng ta không phục hồi lại."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<miếng-vá>…]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra tùy ch�n v� khoảng trắng “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra tùy ch�n b� qua khoảng trắng “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuẩn bị biểu thức chính qui dấu vết th�i gian (timestamp regexp) "
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "thi hành biểu thức chính quy trả v� %d cho đầu vào: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "không thể tìm thấy tên tập tin trong miếng vá tại dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff sai - cần /dev/null, nhưng lại nhận được %s trên dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - tên tập tin mới không nhất quán trên dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - tên tập tin cũ không nhất quán trên dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - cần “/dev/null� trên dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "chi tiết: dòng không cần: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "miếng vá phân mảnh mà không có phần đầu tại dòng %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"phần đầu diff cho git  thiếu thông tin tên tập tin khi gỡ b� đi %d trong "
+"thành phần dẫn đầu tên của đư�ng dẫn (dòng %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "tập tin mới phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "tập tin đã xóa vẫn còn nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "miếng vá h�ng tại dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "tập tin mới %s phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "tập tin đã xóa %s vẫn còn nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** cảnh báo: tập tin %s trở nên trống rỗng nhưng không bị xóa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân sai h�ng tại dòng %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được nhận ra tại dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "vá chỉ với “rác� tại dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c liên kết m�m %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đ�c %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "sai khởi đầu dòng: “%c�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Khối dữ liệu #%d thành công tại %d (offset %d dòng)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Nội dung bị giảm xuống còn (%ld/%ld) để áp dụng mảnh dữ liệu tại %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"trong khi đang tìm kiếm cho:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "thiếu dữ liệu của miếng vá định dạng nhị phân cho “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được áp dụng cho “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"vá nhị phân cho “%s� tạo ra kết quả không chính xác (mong ch� %s, lại nhận "
+"%s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi vá: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "không thể lấy ra %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "đ�c %s gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "đ�c từ “%s� vượt ra ngoài liên kết m�m"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn %s đã bị xóa hoặc đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: không tồn tại trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: không khớp trong mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "loại b� miếng vá để lại nội dung tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: sai kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s có kiểu %o, cần %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn không hợp lệ “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: đã có từ trước trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: đã sẵn có trong thư mục đang làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o) của %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "tập tin chịu tác động “%s� vượt ra ngoài liên kết m�m"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: miếng vá không được áp dụng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "�ang kiểm tra miếng vá %s…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry gặp lỗi đối với đư�ng dẫn “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "không thể gỡ b� %s từ mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "miếng vá sai h�ng cho mô-đun-con %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thống k� v� tập tin %s mới hơn đã được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “kho lưu đằng sau� cho tập tin được tạo mới hơn %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "không thể thêm mục nhớ đệm cho %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "đang đóng tập tin “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin “%s� chế độ %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "�ã áp dụng miếng vá %s một cách sạch sẽ."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "lá»—i ná»™i bá»™"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "�ang áp dụng miếng vá %%s với %d lần từ chối…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "đang cắt ngắn tên tập tin .rej thành %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Khối nhớ #%d được áp dụng g�n gàng."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "đoạn dữ liệu #%d bị từ chối."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "b� qua đư�ng dẫn “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "không thừa nhận đầu vào"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c tập tin lưu bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "không áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đư�ng dẫn đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đư�ng dẫn đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "gỡ b� <số> dấu gạch chéo dẫn đầu từ đư�ng dẫn diff cổ điển"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "l� đi phần bổ xung được tạo ra bởi miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr ""
+"thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả từ lệnh diffstat cho đầu ra"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị số lượng các dòng được thêm vào và xóa đi theo ký hiệu thập phân"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả cho đầu vào"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "thay vì áp dụng miếng vá, hãy xem xem miếng vá có thích hợp không"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "hãy chắc chắn là miếng vá thích hợp với bảng mục lục hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "áp dụng một miếng vá mà không động chạm đến cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "chấp nhận một miếng vá mà không động chạm đến cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr ""
+"đồng th�i áp dụng miếng vá (dùng với tùy ch�n --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "thử hòa trộn kiểu three-way nếu việc vá không thể thực hiện được"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"xây dựng bảng mục lục tạm th�i trên cơ sở thông tin bảng mục lục được nhúng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "các đư�ng dẫn bị ngăn cách bởi ký tự NULL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "đảm bảo rằng có ít nhất <n> dòng nội dung khớp"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "tìm thấy một dòng mới hoặc bị sửa đổi mà nó có lỗi do khoảng trắng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "l� đi sự thay đổi do khoảng trắng gây ra khi quét nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "áp dụng miếng vá theo chi�u ngược"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "đừng hy v�ng có ít nhất một dòng nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "để lại khối dữ liệu bị từ chối trong các tập tin *.rej tương ứng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "cho phép chồng khối nhớ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+"đã dò tìm thấy dung sai không chính xác thiếu dòng mới tại cuối tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "không tin số lượng dòng trong phần đầu khối dữ liệu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "treo thêm <root> vào tất cả các tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way ở ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index ở ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached ở ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở miếng vá “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "đã chấm dứt %d lỗi khoảng trắng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d dòng thêm khoảng trắng lỗi."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin kho (lưu trữ, nén) “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "không thể chuyển hướng kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Máy chủ không có địa chỉ URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: cần ACK/NAK, nhưng lại nhận được EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "lỗi máy chủ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: lỗi giao thức"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: cần một flush (đẩy dữ liệu lên đĩa)"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "thực hiện “git bisect next�"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr ""
+"cập nhật BISECT_HEAD thay vì lấy ra (checking out) lần chuyển giao hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <tập-tin>"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<rev-opts> được mô tả trong tài liệu git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "Các dòng blame"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các mục “blame� như là chúng ta thấy chúng, tăng dần"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hiển thị SHA-1 trắng cho những lần chuyển giao biên giới (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Không coi các lần chuyển giao gốc là giới hạn (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thống kê công sức làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Ép buộc báo cáo tiến triển công việc"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Hiển thị kết xuất điểm số có các mục tin “blame�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị tên tập tin gốc (Mặc định: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị số dòng gốc (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Hiển thị ở định dạng đã thiết kế cho sự tiêu dùng bằng máy"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Hiển thị định dạng “porcelain� với thông tin chuyển giao mỗi dòng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Dùng cùng chế độ xuất ra với git-annotate (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị dấu vết th�i gian dạng thô (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị SHA1 của lần chuyển giao dạng dài (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Không hiển thị tên tác giả và dấu vết th�i gian (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử của tác giả thay vì tên (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "B� qua các khác biệt do khoảng trắng gây ra"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Tiêu thụ thêm năng tài nguyên máy móc để tìm kiếm tốt hơn nữa"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+"Sử dụng điểm xét duyệt (revision) từ <tập tin> thay vì g�i “git-rev-list�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Sử dụng nội dung của <tập tin> như là ảnh cuối cùng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "điểm số"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Tìm các bản sao chép dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Tìm các di chuyển dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Xử lý chỉ dòng vùng n,m, tính từ 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4 năm, 11 tháng trước"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [-l] [-f] <tên-nhánh> [<điểm-đầu>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [-r] (-d | -D) <tên-nhánh> …"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-ch�n>] (-m | -M) [<nhánh-cũ>] <nhánh-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"đang xóa nhánh “%s� mà nó lại đã được hòa trộn vào\n"
+"         “%s�, nhưng vẫn chưa được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"không xóa nhánh “%s� cái mà chưa được hòa trộn vào\n"
+"         “%s�, cho dù là nó đã được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao cho “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh “%s� không được trộn một cách đầy đủ.\n"
+"Nếu bạn thực sự muốn xóa nó, thì chạy lệnh “git branch -D %s�."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "không thể dùng tùy ch�n -a với -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao cho HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh “%s� đã được lấy ra tại “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh theo dõi máy chủ “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đang xóa nhánh theo dõi máy chủ “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi xóa b� nhánh “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "�ã xóa nhánh theo dõi máy chủ \"%s\" (từng là %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s� đã bị xóa (từng là %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: đã ra đi]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: đứng sau %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[đằng sau %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: phía trước %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[phía trước %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: trÆ°á»›c %d, sau %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[trÆ°á»›c %d, sau %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** tham chiếu không hợp lệ ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, đang cải tổ %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, di chuyển nửa bước được bắt đầu tại %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD được tách r�i tại %s)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD được tách r�i từ %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "Nhánh %s đang được cải tổ lại tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "Nhánh %s đang được di chuyển phân đôi (bisect) tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "không thể đổi tên nhánh hiện hành trong khi nó chẳng ở đâu cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Tên nhánh không hợp lệ: “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đổi tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "�ã đổi tên nhánh khuyết danh “%s� đi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên thành %s, nhưng HEAD lại không được cập nhật!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên, nhưng cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "không thể ghi mẫu mô tả nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n chung"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "hiển thị mã băm và chủ đ�, đưa ra hai lần cho nhánh thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "không xuất các thông tin"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "cài đặt chế độ theo dõi (xem git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "thay đổi thông tin thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "thay đổi thông tin thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "tô màu kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "thao tác trên nhánh “remote-tracking�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Hành động git-branch:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "liệt kê cả nhánh “remote-tracking� và nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "xóa một toàn bộ nhánh đã hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "xóa nhánh (cho dù là chưa được hòa trộn)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "di chuyển hay đổi tên một nhánh và reflog của nó"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "di chuyển hoặc đổi tên một nhánh ngay cả khi đích đã có sẵn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "liệt kê các tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "tạo reflog của nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "sửa mô tả cho nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "buộc tạo, di chuyển/đổi tên, xóa"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó không được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "liệt kê các nhánh trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "khóa"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "tên trư�ng cần sắp xếp"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh của đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải HEAD như là một tham chiếu hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "không tìm thấy HEAD ở dưới refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --column và --verbose xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "cần chỉ ra tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể đưa ra mô tả HEAD đã tách r�i"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "không thể sửa mô tả cho nhi�u hơn một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Vẫn chưa chuyển giao trên nhánh “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Không có nhánh nào có tên “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "quá nhi�u nhánh dành cho thao tác đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhi�u nhánh được đặt cho thượng nguồn mới"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể đặt thượng nguồn của HEAD thành %s khi mà nó chẳng chỉ đến nhánh "
+"nào cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "không có nhánh nào như thế “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "chưa có nhánh “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhi�u nhánh để b� đặt thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "không thể b� đặt thượng nguồn của HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s� không có thông tin thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "không hợp lý khi tạo “HEAD� thủ công"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"hai tùy ch�n -a và -r áp dụng cho lệnh “git branch� không hợp lý đối với tên "
+"nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"C� --set-upstream đã lạc hậu và sẽ bị xóa b�. Nên dùng --track hoặc --set-"
+"upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn muốn “%s� theo dõi “%s�, thực hiện lệnh sau:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "“%s� tốt\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Cần một kho chứa để có thể tạo một bundle."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Cần một kho chứa để có thể giải nén một bundle."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<kiểu>|--textconv) <đối_tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<kiểu> là một trong số: blob, tree, commit hoặc tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "hiển thị kiểu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "hiển thị kích thước đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "thoát với 0 khi không có lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "in nội dung đối tượng dạng dễ đ�c"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "với đối tượng blob, chạy lệnh textconv trên nội dung của đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "cho phép -s và -t để làm việc với các đối tượng sai/h�ng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "đệm kết xuất --batch"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị thông tin và nội dung của các đối tượng lấy từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "hiển thị các thông tin v� đối tượng fed  từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr "theo liên kết m�m trong-cây (được dùng với --batch hay --batch-check)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "hiển thị m�i đối tượng với --batch hay --batch-check"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>…] [--] tên-đư�ng-dẫn…"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>…]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "báo cáo tất cả các thuộc tính đặt trên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng .gitattributes từ bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "đ�c tên tập tin từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "chấm dứt các bản ghi vào và ra bằng ký tự NULL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "chặn các báo cáo tiến trình hoạt động"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "hiển thị những đư�ng dẫn đầu vào không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "b� qua mục lục khi kiểm tra"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "không thể chỉ định các tên đư�ng dẫn với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z chỉ hợp lý với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet chỉ hợp lệ với tên đư�ng dẫn đơn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "không thể dùng cả hai tùy ch�n --quiet và --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "tùy-ch�n --non-matching chỉ hợp lệ khi dùng với --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <danh-bạ>…"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "đồng th�i đ�c các danh bạ từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích danh bạ: “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra danh bạ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [--] [<tập-tin>…]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "stage nên giữa 1 và 3 hay all"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "lấy ra toàn bộ các tập tin trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "ép buộc ghi đè lên tập tin đã sẵn có từ trước"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"không cảnh báo cho những tập tin tồn tại và không có trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "không checkout các tập tin mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "cập nhật thông tin thống kê trong tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "đ�c danh sách đư�ng dẫn từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "ghi nội dung vào tập tin tạm"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "chuá»—i"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "khi tạo các tập tin, nối thêm <chuỗi>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "sao chép ra các tập tin từ bệ phóng có tên"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <nhánh>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<nhánh>] -- <tập-tin>…"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không có các phiên bản của chúng ta"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không có các phiên bản của chúng"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không có tất cả các phiên bản cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không có các phiên bản cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s�: không thể hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể thêm kết quả hòa trộn cho “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "không được dùng “%s� với các đư�ng dẫn cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "không được dùng “%s� với %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật các đư�ng dẫn và chuyển đến nhánh “%s� cùng một lúc."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị h�ng"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "bạn cần phải giải quyết bảng mục lục hiện tại của bạn trước đã"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện reflog cho “%s�: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD hiện gi� tại"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "không thể cập nhật HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�ặt lại nhánh “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�ã sẵn sàng trên “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�ã chuyển tới và đặt lại nhánh “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�ã chuyển đến nhánh mới “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�ã chuyển đến nhánh “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " … và nhi�u hơn %d.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Cảnh báo: bạn đã r�i b� %d lần chuyển giao lại đằng sau, không được kết nối "
+"đến\n"
+"bất kỳ nhánh nào của bạn:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nếu bạn muốn giữ (chúng) nó bằng cách tạo ra một nhánh mới, đây có lẽ là\n"
+"một th�i điểm thích hợp để làm thế bằng lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <tên_nhánh_mới> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "lỗi nội bộ trong khi di chuyển qua các điểm xét duyệt"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Vị trí trước kia của HEAD là"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Bạn tại nhánh mà nó chưa h� được sinh ra"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "chỉ cần một tham chiếu, nhưng lại đưa ra %d."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "tham chiếu không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "tham chiếu không phải là một cây:%s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "các đư�ng dẫn không thể dùng cùng với các nhánh chuyển"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "“%s� không thể được sử dụng với các nhánh chuyển"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "“%s� không thể được dùng với “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể chuyển nhánh đến một thứ không phải là lần chuyển giao “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "tạo và checkout một nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "tạo/đặt_lại và checkout một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "tạo reflog cho nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "r�i b� HEAD tại lần chuyển giao danh nghĩa"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "đặt thông tin thượng nguồn cho nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "nhánh-mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "nhánh không cha mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+"lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng ta cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+"lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng h� cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "ép buộc lấy ra (b� đi những thay đổi nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "thực hiện hòa trộn kiểu 3-way với nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin bị b� qua (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "xung đột kiểu (hòa trộn hoặc diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "không giới hạn đặc tả đư�ng dẫn thành chỉ các mục thưa thớt"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "gợi ý thứ hai \"git checkout <không-nhánh-nào-như-vậy>\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr "không kiểm tra nếu cây làm việc khác đang giữ tham chiếu đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "ép buộc báo cáo tiến triển công việc"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n -b, -B và --orphan loại từ lẫn nhau"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track cần tên một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Thiếu tên nhánh; hãy thử -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đã cho không hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật và chuyển thành nhánh “%s� cùng lúc\n"
+"Bạn đã có ý định checkout “%s� cái mà không thể được phân giải như là lần "
+"chuyển giao?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach không nhận một đối số đư�ng dẫn “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force và --merge là xung khắc với nhau khi\n"
+"checkout bảng mục lục (index)."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <mẫu>] [-x | -X] [--] <đư�ng-dẫn>…"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang gỡ b� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Có thể gỡ b� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang b� qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Nên b� qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi gỡ b� %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Trợ giúp v� nhắc:\n"
+"1          - ch�n một mục được đánh số\n"
+"foo        - ch�n mục trên cơ sở ti�n tố duy nhất\n"
+"           - (để trống) không ch�n gì cả"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Trợ giúp v� nhắc:\n"
+"1          - ch�n một mục đơn\n"
+"3-5        - ch�n một vùng\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - ch�n nhi�u vùng\n"
+"foo        - ch�n mục dựa trên ti�n tố duy nhất\n"
+"-…       - không ch�n các mục đã chỉ ra\n"
+"*          - ch�n tất\n"
+"           - (để trống) kết thúc việc ch�n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Hả (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Mẫu để l�c các tập tin đầu vào cần l� đi>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "CẢNH B�O: Không tìm thấy các mục được khớp bởi: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Ch�n mục muốn xóa"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Xóa b� “%s� [y/N]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Tạm biệt."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - bắt đầu d�n dẹp\n"
+"filter by pattern   - loại trừ các mục kh�i việc xóa\n"
+"select by numbers   - ch�n các mục cần xóa bằng số\n"
+"ask each            - xác nhận trước mỗi lần xóa (giống như \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - dừng việc d�n dẹp lại\n"
+"help                - hiển thị chính trợ giúp này\n"
+"?                   - trợ giúp dành cho ch�n bằng cách nhắc"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Lệnh ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Gi� thì sao"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Có muốn gỡ b� (các) mục sau đây không:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Không còn tập-tin nào để d�n dẹp, đang thoát ra."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tên của các tập tin đã gỡ b�"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "ép buộc"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "d�n bằng kiểu tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "gỡ b� toàn bộ thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "thêm <mẫu> vào trong qui tắc b� qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "đồng th�i gỡ b� cả các tập tin bị b� qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "chỉ gỡ b� những tập tin bị b� qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x và -X không thể dùng cùng nhau"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy ch�n -i, -n mà "
+"cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh d�n dẹp (clean)"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce mặc định được đặt là true và không đưa ra tùy ch�n -i, -n "
+"mà cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh d�n dẹp (clean)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [--] <kho> [<t.mục>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "không tạo một checkout"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "tạo kho thuần"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "tạo kho bản sao (ý là kho thuần)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "để nhân bản từ kho nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "không sử dụng liên kết cứng nội bộ, luôn sao chép"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "cài đặt đây là kho chia sẻ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "khởi tạo mô-đun-con trong bản sao"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "số lượng mô-đun-con được nhân bản đồng th�i"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "thư-mục-mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "thư mục mà tại đó các mẫu sẽ được dùng"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng --reference khi nhân bản"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "tên"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "dùng <tên> thay cho “origin� để theo dõi thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "lấy ra <nhánh> thay cho HEAD của máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đến git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667 builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "độ-sâu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "tạo bản sao không đầy đủ cho mức sâu đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "chỉ nhân bản một nhánh, HEAD hoặc --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "m�i mô-đun-con nhân bản sẽ là shallow (nông)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "không dùng chung thư mục dành riêng cho git và thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "khóa=giá_trị"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "đặt cấu hình bên trong một kho chứa mới"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng địa chỉ IPv4"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng địa chỉ IPv6"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"Không đoán được thư mục tên là gì.\n"
+"Vui lòng chỉ định tên một thư mục trên dòng lệnh"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s� như là lấy ra liên kết vẫn chưa được hỗ trợ."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s� không phải là một kho nội bộ."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s� là nông"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s� bị cấy ghép"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s có tồn tại nhưng lại không phải là một thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi lấy thông tin thống kê v� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo được liên kết m�m %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi sao chép tập tin và “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "hoàn tất.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc nhân bản thành công, nhưng checkout gặp lỗi.\n"
+"Bạn kiểm tra kỹ xem cái gì được lấy ra bằng lệnh “git status�\n"
+"và thử lấy ra với lệnh “git checkout -f HEAD�\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ %s để nhân bản (clone)."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "�ang kiểm tra kết nối… "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "máy chủ đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "không thể cập nhật %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr "refers HEAD máy chủ  chỉ đến ref không tồn tại, không thể lấy ra.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "không thể lấy ra (checkout) cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi các tham số vào tập tin cấu hình"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "không thể đóng gói để d�n dẹp"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "không thể b� liên kết tập tin thay thế tạm th�i"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Có quá nhi�u đối số."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Bạn phải chỉ định một kho để mà nhân bản (clone)."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --bare và --origin %s xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --bare và --separate-git-dir xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "kho chứa “%s� chưa tồn tại"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "độ sâu %s không phải là một số nguyên dương"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đích “%s� đã có từ trước và không phải là một thư mục rỗng."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "cây làm việc “%s� đã sẵn tồn tại rồi."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo các thư mục dẫn đầu của “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo cây thư mục làm việc dir “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "�ang nhân bản thành kho chứa bare “%s�…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "�ang nhân bản thành “%s�…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth bị l� đi khi nhân bản nội bộ; hãy sử dụng file:// để thay thế."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "kho nguồn là nông, nên b� qua --local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local bị l� đi"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để nhân bản (clone) %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ %s không tìm thấy trong thượng nguồn %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Bạn hình như là đã nhân bản một kho trống rỗng."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "tìm kiếm biến cấu hình"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "bố cục để dùng"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "�ộ rộng tối đa"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trống vào bên trái"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng vào bên phải"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng giữa các cột"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command phải là đối số đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [--] <pathspec>…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [--] <pathspec>…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tên và địa chỉ thư điện tử của bạn được cấu hình một cách tự động trên cơ "
+"sở\n"
+"tài khoản và địa chỉ máy chủ của bạn. Xin hãy kiểm tra xem chúng có chính "
+"xác không.\n"
+"Bạn có thể chặn những thông báo kiểu này bằng cách cài đặt các thông tin "
+"trên\n"
+"một cách rõ ràng. Chạy lệnh sau đây là theo các hướng dẫn trong bộ soạn "
+"thảo\n"
+"để chỉnh sửa tập tin cấu hình của mình:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"Sau khi thực hiện xong, bạn có thể sửa chữa định danh được sử dụng cho\n"
+"lần chuyển giao này với lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tên và địa chỉ thư điện tử của bạn được cấu hình một cách tự động trên cơ "
+"sở\n"
+"tài khoản và địa chỉ máy chủ của bạn. Xin hãy kiểm tra xem chúng có chính "
+"xác không.\n"
+"Bạn có thể chặn những thông báo kiểu này bằng cách cài đặt các thông tin "
+"trên một cách rõ ràng:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Tên của bạn\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Sau khi thực hiện xong, bạn có thể sửa chữa định danh được sử dụng cho lần "
+"chuyển giao này với lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đã yêu cầu amend (“tu bổ�) phần lớn các lần chuyển giao gần đây, nhưng "
+"làm như thế\n"
+"có thể làm cho nó trở nên trống rỗng. Bạn có thể lặp lại lệnh của mình bằng "
+"--allow-empty,\n"
+"hoặc là bạn gỡ b� các lần chuyển giao một cách hoàn toàn bằng lệnh:\n"
+"\"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Lần cherry-pick trước hiện nay trống rỗng, có lẽ là bởi vì sự phân giải xung "
+"Ä‘á»™t.\n"
+"Nếu bạn vẫn muốn chuyển giao nó cho dù thế nào đi nữa, hãy dùng:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Nếu không được thì dùng lệnh \"git reset\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nếu bạn muốn b� qua lần chuyển giao này thì dùng:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Thế thì \"git cherry-pick --continue\" sẽ phục hồi lại việc cherry-pick\n"
+"những lần chuyển giao còn lại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tháo dỡ HEAD đối tượng cây"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "không thể tạo bảng mục lục tạm th�i"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thêm bằng cách tương"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "không thể cập nhật bảng mục lục tạm th�i"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi cập nhật cây bộ nhớ đệm"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới (new_index)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao cục bộ trong khi đang được hòa trộn."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao bộ phận trong khi đang cherry-pick."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "không đ�c được bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục tạm th�i"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao “%s� thiếu phần tác giả ở đầu"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao “%s� có phần tác giả ở đầu dị dạng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "đối số cho --author bị dị hình"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "ngày tháng không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"không thể ch�n một ký tự ghi chú cái mà không được dùng\n"
+"trong phần ghi chú hiện tại"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "không thể tìm kiếm commit (lần chuyển giao) %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(đang đ�c thông điệp nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "không đ�c được tệp nhật ký “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "không thể ghi mẫu chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nó trông giống với việc bạn đang chuyển giao một lần hòa trộn.\n"
+"Nếu không phải vậy, xin hãy gỡ b� tập tin\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"và thử lại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nó trông giống với việc bạn đang chuyển giao một lần cherry-pick.\n"
+"Nếu không phải vậy, xin hãy gỡ b� tập tin\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"và thử lại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
+"được\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua, nếu phần chú thích rỗng sẽ hủy b� lần "
+"chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
+"được\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn thế.\n"
+"Phần chú thích này nếu trống rỗng sẽ hủy b� lần chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sTác giả:           %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sNgày tháng:        %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sNgư�i chuyển giao: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Không đ�c được bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Xin hãy cung cấp l�i chú giải hoặc là dùng tùy ch�n -m hoặc là -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author “%s� không phải là “H� và tên <thư điện tửl>� và không khớp bất kỳ "
+"tác giả nào sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Chế độ cho các tập tin chưa được theo dõi không hợp lệ “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "hai tùy ch�n -long và -z không tương thích với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Sử dụng cả hai tùy ch�n --reset-author và --author không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Không có gì để mà “tu bổ� cả."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn -- không thể thực hiện việc “tu bổ�."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình cherry-pick -- không thể thực hiện việc “tu "
+"bổ�."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n --squash và --fixup không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Chỉ được dùng một trong số tùy ch�n trong số các tùy ch�n -c/-C/-F/--fixup"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n -m không thể được tổ hợp cùng với -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+"--reset-author chỉ có thể được sử dụng với tùy ch�n -C, -c hay --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Chỉ một trong các tùy ch�n --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch được "
+"sử dụng."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Không đư�ng dẫn với các tùy ch�n --include/--only không hợp lý."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Gi�i…  “tu bổ� cái cuối với bảng mục lục bẩn."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+"Những đư�ng dẫn rõ ràng được chỉ ra không có tùy ch�n -i cũng không -o; coi "
+"là --only những đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Chế độ d�n dẹp không hợp lệ %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Các đư�ng dẫn với tùy ch�n -a không hợp lý."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở dạng súc tích"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "hiển thị thông tin nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "kết xuất dạng máy-có-thể-đ�c"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở định dạng dài (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "chấm dứt các mục bằng NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "chế độ"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi  dấu vết, các chế độ tùy ch�n:  all, "
+"normal, no. (Mặc định: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin ẩn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "khi"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"b� qua các thay đổi trong mô-đun-con, tùy ch�n khi: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Mặc định: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các tập-tin chưa được theo dõi trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "không thể tìm thấy lần chuyển giao mới hơn đã được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr ""
+"không thể phân tích cú pháp của đối tượng chuyển giao mới hơn đã được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "đã r�i kh�i HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (root-commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tổng kết sau khi chuyển giao thành công"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "hiển thị sự khác biệt trong mẫu tin nhắn chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n ghi chú commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "đ�c chú thích từ tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "ghi đè tác giả cho commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "ngày tháng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "ghi đè ngày tháng cho lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "chú thích"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "chú thích của lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "lần_chuyển_giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao đã cho nhưng có cho sửa chữa"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng ghi chú có định dạng autosquash để sửa chữa lần chuyển giao đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng l�i nhắn có định dạng tự động nén để nén lại các lần chuyển giao đã chỉ "
+"ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+"lần chuyển giao nhận tôi là tác giả (được dùng với tùy ch�n -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "(nên dùng) thêm dòng Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin mẫu đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "ép buộc sửa lần commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "mặc định"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "làm thế nào để cắt b� khoảng trắng và #ghichú từ mẩu tin nhắn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "bao gồm các trạng thái trong mẫu ghi chú chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "ký lần chuyển giao dùng GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Các tùy nội dung ghi chú commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "chuyển giao tất cả các tập tin có thay đổi"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục để chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "thêm các tập-tin bằng tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "thêm các thay đổi bằng tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "chỉ chuyển giao các tập tin đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) pre-commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "hiển thị xem cái gì có thể được chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "“tu bổ� (amend) lần commit trước"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) post-rewrite"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "ok để ghi lại một thay đổi trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "ok để ghi các thay đổi với l�i nhắn trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Tập tin MERGE_HEAD sai h�ng (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c phần chú thích (message) của llần chuyển giao: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�ang b� qua việc chuyển giao; bạn đã không biên soạn phần chú thích "
+"(message).\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Bãi b� việc chuyển giao bởi vì phần chú thích của nó trống rỗng.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Kho chứa đã được cập nhật, nhưng không thể ghi vào\n"
+"tập tin new_index (bảng mục lục mới). Hãy kiểm tra xem đĩa\n"
+"có bị đầy quá hay quota (hạn nghạch đĩa cứng) bị vượt quá,\n"
+"và sau đó \"git reset HEAD\" để khắc phục."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Vị trí tập tin cấu hình"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "dùng tập tin cấu hình toàn cục"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình hệ thống"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "dùng tập tin cấu hình của kho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "đ�c cấu hình từ đối tượng blob đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Hành động"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy giá-trị: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy tất cả giá-trị: khóa [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy giá trị cho regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "lấy đặc tả giá trị cho URL: phần[.biến] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "thay thế tất cả các biến khớp mẫu: tên giá-trị [value_regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "thêm biến mới: tên giá-trị"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gỡ b� biến: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gỡ b� m�i cái khớp: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "đổi tên phần: tên-cũ tên-mới"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "gỡ b� phần: tên"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "liệt kê tất"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "mở một trình biên soạn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "tìm cấu hình màu sắc: slot [mặc định]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "tìm các cài đặt v� màu sắc: slot [stdout-là-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "giá trị là \"true\" hoặc \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "giá trị ở dạng số thập phân"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "giá trị là --bool hoặc --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "giá trị là đư�ng dẫn (tên tập tin hay thư mục)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Khác"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "chấm dứt giá trị với byte NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các tên biến"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "tôn tr�ng kể cà các hướng trong tìm kiếm"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị nguyên gốc của cấu hình (tập tin, đầu vào tiêu chuẩn, blob, dòng "
+"lệnh)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích giá trị màu mặc định"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# �ây là tập tin cấu hình cho từng ngư�i dùng Git.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Vui lòng sửa lại cho thích hợp và b� dấu ghi chú các dòng sau:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin cấu hình “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "hiển thị kích cỡ theo định dạng dành cho ngư�i đ�c"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <commit-ish>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<các-tùy-ch�n>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "thẻ đã được ghi chú %s không sẵn để dùng"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "thẻ được chú giải %s không có tên nhúng"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "thẻ “%s� đã thực sự ở đây “%s� rồi"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng %s hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s không phải là một đối tượng “%s� hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "không có thẻ nào khớp chính xác với “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang tìm kiếm để mô tả %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "việc tìm kiếm đã kết thúc tại %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Không có thẻ được chú giải nào được mô tả là “%s�.\n"
+"Tuy nhiên, ở đây có những thẻ không được chú giải: hãy thử --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Không có thẻ có thể mô tả “%s�.\n"
+"Hãy thử --always, hoặc tạo một số thẻ."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "đã xuyên %lu qua lần chuyển giao\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"tìm thấy nhi�u hơn %i thẻ; đã liệt kê %i cái gần\n"
+"đây nhất b� đi tìm kiếm tại %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "tìm các thẻ mà nó đến trước lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "chiến lược tìm kiếm gỡ lỗi trên đầu ra lỗi chuẩn stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "dùng ref bất kỳ"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "dùng thẻ bất kỳ, cả khi “unannotated�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "luôn dùng định dạng dài"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "chỉ theo cha mẹ đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "chỉ xuất những gì khớp chính xác"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "coi như <n> thẻ gần đây nhất (mặc định: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "chỉ cân nhắc đến những thẻ khớp với <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "hiển thị đối tượng chuyển giao vắn tắt như là fallback"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "dấu"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "thêm <dấu> trên cây thư mục làm việc bẩn (mặc định \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long là xung khắc với tùy ch�n --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy các tên, không thể mô tả gì cả."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty là xung khắc với các tùy ch�n commit-ish"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "“%s�: không phải tập tin bình thư�ng hay liên kết m�m"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Không phải là kho git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "đối tượng đã cho “%s� không hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "đã cho nhi�u hơn hai đối tượng blob: “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "đã cho đối tượng không thể nắm giữ “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị tiến triển sau <n> đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "ch�n đi�u khiển của thẻ đã ký"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "ch�n sự xử lý của các thẻ, cái mà đánh thẻ các đối tượng được l�c ra"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "�ổ các đánh dấu này vào tập-tin"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "nhập vào đánh dấu từ tập tin này"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Làm giả một cái thẻ khi thẻ bị thiếu một cái"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Xuất ra toàn bộ cây cho mỗi lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tính năng done để chấm dứt luồng dữ liệu"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "B� qua kết xuất của dữ liệu blob"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "refspec"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "�p dụng refspec cho refs đã xuất"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "kết xuất anonymize"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<kho-chứa> [<refspec>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<nhóm>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [(<kho> | <nhóm>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "lấy v� từ tất cả các máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "nối thêm vào .git/FETCH_HEAD thay vì ghi đè lên nó"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đến gói tải lên trên máy chủ cuối"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "ép buộc ghi đè lên nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "lấy từ nhi�u máy chủ cùng lúc"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "lấy tất cả các thẻ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "không lấy tất cả các thẻ (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "số lượng mô-đun-con được lấy đồng th�i"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"cắt cụt (prune) các nhánh “remote-tracking� không còn tồn tại trên máy chủ "
+"nữa"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "khi-cần"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "đi�u khiển việc lấy v� đệ quy trong các mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "giữ lại gói đã tải v�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "cho phép cập nhật th.chiếu HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "làm sâu hơn lịch sử của bản sao"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "chuyển đổi hoàn toàn sang kho git"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "tmục"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "soạn sẵn cái này cho kết xuất đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "chế độ mặc định cho đệ qui"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "chấp nhận tham chiếu cập nhật .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "refmap"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "chỉ ra refmap cần lấy v�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy máy chủ cho tham chiếu HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy đối tượng %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[đã cập nhật]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (không thể fetch (lấy) v� nhánh hiện hành)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[Bị từ chối]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[cập nhật thẻ]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (không thể cập nhật tham chiếu nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[thẻ mới]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[nhánh mới]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[ref (tham chiếu) mới]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "không thể cập nhật tham chiếu nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "cưỡng bức cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(không-chuyển-tiếp-nhanh)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "từ chối %s bởi vì các gốc nông thì không được phép cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Từ %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"một số tham chiếu nội bộ không thể được cập nhật; hãy thử chạy\n"
+" “git remote prune %s� để b� đi những nhánh cũ, hay bị xung đột"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s sẽ trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s đã trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[đã xóa]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(không)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Từ chối việc lấy vào trong nhánh hiện tại %s của một kho chứa không phải kho "
+"trần (bare)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n \"%s\" có giá trị \"%s\" là không hợp lệ cho %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n \"%s\" bị b� qua với %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để lấy v� từ %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang lấy “%s� v�\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "không thể “%s� v�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Chưa chỉ ra kho chứa máy chủ.  Xin hãy chỉ định hoặc là URL hoặc\n"
+"tên máy chủ từ cái mà những điểm xét duyệt mới có thể được fetch (lấy v�)."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Bạn phải định rõ tên thẻ."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --depth và --unshallow không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow trên kho hoàn chỉnh là không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "lệnh lấy v� \"fetch --all\" không lấy đối số kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "lệnh lấy v� \"fetch --all\" không hợp lý với refspecs"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "không có nhóm máy chủ hay máy chủ như thế: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Việc lấy v� cả một nhóm và chỉ định refspecs không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <chú_thích>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <tập-"
+"tin>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "gắn nhật ký với ít nhất <n> mục từ lệnh “shortlog�"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "bí danh cho --log (không được dùng)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "văn bản"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "dùng <văn bản thư�ng> để bắt đầu ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "tập tin để đ�c dữ liệu từ đó"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<mẫu>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points-at <đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git branch ([--merged | --no-merged) [<đối_tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<đối_tượng>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho hệ v� (shell)"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "hiển thị chỉ <n> tham chiếu khớp"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "định dạng sẽ dùng cho đầu ra"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các tham chiếu mà nó chỉ đến đối tượng đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những tham chiếu mà nó được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những tham chiếu mà nó không được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những tham chiếu mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "�ang kiểm tra kết nối"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "�ang kiểm tra các thư mục đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<đối-tượng>…]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị các đối tượng không thể đ�c được"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị các đối tượng không được quản lý"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "báo cáo các thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "báo cáo node gốc"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "tạo “index objects head nodes�"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "tạo “reflogs head nodes� (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "cũng cân nhắc đến các đối tượng gói và thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "chỉ kiểm tra kết nối"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "cho phép kiểm tra hạn chế hơn"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "ghi các đối tượng không được quản lý trong .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "hiển thị quá trình"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "�ang kiểm tra các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "%s không hợp lệ: “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "thư mục đối tượng dài một cách điên rồ %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chạy gc cuối đã báo cáo các vấn đ� sau đây. Vui lòng sửa nguyên nhân\n"
+"tận gốc và xóa b� %s.\n"
+"Việc tự động d�n dẹp sẽ không thực thi cho đến khi tập tin được xóa b�.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "xóa b� các đối tượng không được tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "cẩn thận hơn nữa (tăng th�i gian chạy)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "bật chế độ auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "buộc gc chạy ngay cả khi có tiến trình gc khác đang chạy"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tự động đóng gói kho chứa trên n�n hệ thống để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm "
+"việc.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Tự động đóng gói kho chứa để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm việc.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Xem \"git help gc\" để có hướng dẫn cụ thể v� cách d�n dẹp kho git.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc đang được thực hiện trên máy “%s� pid %<PRIuMAX> (dùng --force nếu không "
+"phải thế)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Có quá nhi�u đối tượng tự do không được dùng đến; hãy chạy lệnh “git prune� "
+"để xóa b� chúng đi."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [-e] <mẫu> [<rev>…] [[--] <đư�ng-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: gặp lỗi tạo tuyến (thread): %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "số tuyến đã cho không hợp lệ (%d) cho %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c cây (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "không thể thực hiện lệnh grep (l�c tìm) từ đối tượng thuộc kiểu %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "chuyển đến “%c� cần một giá trị bằng số"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "không mở được “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "tìm trong bảng mục lục thay vì trong cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "tìm trong nội dung không được quản lý bởi git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "tìm kiếm các tập tin được và chưa được theo dõi dấu vết"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "các tập tin bị b� qua được chỉ định thông qua “.gitignore�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "hiển thị những dòng không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "phân biệt HOA/thư�ng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "chỉ khớp mẫu tại đư�ng ranh giới từ"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin nhị phân như là dạng văn bản thư�ng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "không khớp mẫu trong các tập tin nhị phân"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin nhị phân với các bộ l�c “textconv�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "hạ xuống ít nhất là mức <sâu>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "dùng biểu thức chính qui POSIX có mở rộng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy kiểu POSIX (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "diễn dịch các mẫu như là chuỗi cố định"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy tương thích Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "hiển thị số của dòng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "hiển thị tên tập tin tương đối với thư mục đỉnh (top)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên tập tin thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "đồng nghĩa với --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên cho những tập tin không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "thêm NUL vào sau tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "hiển thị số lượng khớp thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "tô sáng phần khớp mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "hiển thị dòng trống giữa các lần khớp từ các tập tin khác biệt"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị tên tập tin một lần phía trên các lần khớp từ cùng một tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung phía trước và sau các lần khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung trước khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung sau khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "dùng <n> tuyến trình làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "dạng viết tắt của -C S�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị dòng vói tên hàm trước các lần khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "hiển thị hàm bao quanh"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "đ�c mẫu từ tập-tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "match <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "tổ hợp mẫu được chỉ ra với tùy ch�n -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "đưa ra gợi ý với trạng thái thoát mà không có kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những cái khớp từ tập tin mà nó khớp toàn bộ các mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "hiển thị cây phân tích cú pháp cho biểu thức “grep� (tìm kiếm)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "dàn trang"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khớp trong trang giấy"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "cho phép g�i grep(1) (bị b� qua bởi lần dịch này)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra mẫu."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "số tuyến chỉ ra không hợp lệ (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager chỉ làm việc trên cây-làm-việc"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached hay --untracked không được sử dụng với --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"--no-index hay --untracked không được sử dụng cùng với các tùy ch�n liên "
+"quan đến revs."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard không thể sử dụng cho nội dung lưu dấu vết."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "cả hai --cached và các cây phải được chỉ ra."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <kiểu>] [-w] [--path=<tập-tin> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <tập-tin>…"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "ghi đối tượng vào dữ liệu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "đ�c đối tượng từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn stdin"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "lưu các tập tin mà nó không có các bộ l�c"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr "chỉ cần băm rác ngẫu nhiên để tạo một đối tượng h�ng để mà gỡ lỗi Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin như là nó đang ở thư mục này"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các câu lệnh ngư�i dùng có thể sử dụng"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các hướng dẫn hữu dụng"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "hiển thị trang man"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "hiển thị hướng dẫn sử dụng trong trình duyệt web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "hiện trang info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<lệnh>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra định dạng trợ giúp “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khởi chạy emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích phiên bản emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "phiên bản của emacsclient “%d� quá cũ (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thực thi “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"“%s�: đư�ng dẫn không hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
+"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.cmd� để thay thế."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"“%s�: cmd (lệnh) hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
+"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.path� để thay thế."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "“%s�: không rõ chương trình xem man."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng manpage tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng info tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "�ịnh nghĩa các thuộc tính cho mỗi đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Mỗi ngày h�c 20 lệnh Git hay hơn"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Thuật ngữ chuyên môn Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Chỉ định các tập tin không cần theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "�ịnh nghĩa thuộc tính mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Chỉ định điểm xét duyệt và vùng cho Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Hướng dẫn cách dùng Git ở mức cơ bản (bản 1.5.1 hay mới hơn)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Tổng quan v� luồng công việc khuyến nghị nên dùng với Git."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Các chỉ dẫn chung v� cách dùng Git là:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "cách dùng: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "“git %s� được đặt bí danh thành “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "không thể mở %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không khớp tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy v� đối tượng cần %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "đối tượng %s: cần kiểu %s nhưng lại nhận được %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "không thể đi�n thêm vào %d byte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "gặp kết thúc tập tin EOF quá sớm"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "lỗi đ�c ở đầu vào"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "sử dụng nhi�u hơn số lượng byte mà nó sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "gói quá lớn so với định nghĩa hiện tại của kiểu off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở packfile “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "chữ ký cho gói không khớp"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "không hỗ trợ phiên bản gói %<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "gói có đối tượng sai khoảng bù (offset) %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "xả nén trả v� %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "tràn giá trị khoảng bù cho đối tượng delta cơ sở"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "khoảng bù cơ sở cho delta nằm ngoài phạm vi"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "không hiểu kiểu đối tượng %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "không thể chạy hàm pread cho tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "tập tin gói bị kết thúc sớm, thiếu %lu byte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "sự mâu thuẫn xả nén nghiêm tr�ng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "SỰ VA CHẠM SHA1 �à XẢY RA VỚI %s!"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c đối tượng đã tồn tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "đối tượng blob không hợp lệ %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s không hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Lỗi trong đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Không phải tất cả các đối tượng con của %s là có thể với tới được"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi áp dụng delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "�ang nhận v� các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Các đối tượng bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "gói bị sai h�ng (SHA1 không khớp)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê packfile"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "pack có phần thừa ở cuối"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ khi chạy hàm parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "�ang phân giải các delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tuyến: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "đầy đủ với %d đối tượng nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Gặp tổng kiểm tra tail không cần cho %s (đĩa h�ng?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "gói có %d delta chưa được giải quyết"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "không thể xả nén đối tượng nối thêm (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "đối tượng nội bộ %s bị h�ng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi trong khi đóng tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin giữ lại “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đóng tập tin giữ lại đã được ghi “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "không thể lưu tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "không thể lưu trữ tập tin ghi mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "sai pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "không hỗ trợ đa tuyến, b� qua %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin gói đã sẵn có “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin idx của gói cho “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "không delta: %d đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "chi�u dài xích = %d: %lu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "tên tập tin tập tin gói “%s� không được kết thúc bằng đuôi “.pack�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Không thể quay lại cwd"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s sai"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin không thể được dùng mà không có --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "dùng tùy ch�n --verify mà không đưa ra tên packfile"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê v� “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê v� mẫu “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể opendir() “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể readlink “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo liên kết m�m (symlink) “%s� “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể sao chép “%s� sang “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "đang l� đi mẫu “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "các mẫu không được tìm thấy %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "không sao chép các mẫu từ “%s�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s đã có từ trước rồi"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "không thể xử lý (handle) tập tin kiểu %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "không di chuyển được %s vào %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s kho Git trong %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Khởi tạo lại đã sẵn có rồi"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Khởi tạo trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " đã chia sẻ"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<thư-mục-tạm>] [--shared[=<các-"
+"quy�n>]] [thư-mục]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "các quy�n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "chỉ ra cái mà kho git được chia sẻ giữa nhi�u ngư�i dùng"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "không thể mkdir (tạo thư mục): %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "không thể chdir (chuyển đổi thư mục) sang %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (hoặc --work-tree=<thư-mục>) không cho phép không chỉ định %s (hoặc --git-"
+"dir=<thư-mục>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập cây (tree) làm việc “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<thẻ>[(=|:)<giá-trị>])…] [<tập-tin>…]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "sửa các tập tin tại chỗ"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "bộ dò vết cắt b� phần trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "bộ dò vết"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "bộ dò vết cần thêm"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "không đưa ra tập tin đầu vào để sửa tại-chỗ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<vùng-xem-xét>] [[--] <đư�ng-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <đối-tượng>…"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n--decorate không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "chặn m�i kết xuất từ diff"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "hiển thị mã nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tập tin ánh xạ thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "các tùy ch�n trang trí"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Xử lý chỉ dòng vùng n,m trong tập tin, tính từ 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Kết xuất cuối cùng: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: sai tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Không thể đ�c đối tượng %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Không nhận ra kiểu: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers không có giá trị cụ thể"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "tên của thư mục kết xuất quá dài"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin miếng vá: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Cần chính xác một vùng."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Không phải là một vùng."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "“Cover letter� cần cho định dạng thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "in-reply-to điên rồ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<kể-từ> | <vùng-xem-xét>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Hai thư mục kết xuất?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Không hiểu lần chuyển giao %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s� như là một tham chiếu hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy n�n hòa trộn chính xác."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi lấy thượng nguồn, nếu bạn muốn ghi lại lần chuyển giao n�n một\n"
+"cách tự động, vui lòng dùng \"git branch --set-upstream-to\" để theo dõi\n"
+"nhánh máy chủ. Hoặc là bạn có thể chỉ định lần chuyển giao n�n bằng\n"
+"\"--base=<base-commit-id>\" một cách thủ công."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm n�n hòa trộn chính xác."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao n�n không là tổ tiên của danh sách điểm xét duyệt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao n�n không được trong danh sách điểm xét duyệt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "không thể lấy mã miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "dùng [PATCH n/m] ngay cả với miếng vá đơn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "dùng [V�] ngay cả với các miếng vá phức tạp"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "hiển thị miếng vá ra đầu ra chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "tạo bì thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "sử dụng chỗi dãy số dạng đơn giản cho tên tập-tin xuất ra"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "sử dụng <sfx> thay cho “.patch�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "bắt đầu đánh số miếng vá từ <n> thay vì 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "đánh dấu chuỗi nối tiếp dạng thứ-N re-roll"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Dùng [<ti�n-tố>] thay cho [V�]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "lưu các tập tin kết quả trong <t.mục>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "không strip/add [V�]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "không kết xuất diff (những khác biệt) nhị phân"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "xuất m�i mã băm all-zero trong phần đầu From"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "không bao gồm miếng vá khớp với một lần chuyển giao thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "hiển thị định dạng miếng vá thay vì mặc định (miếng vá + thống kê)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "L�i nhắn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "đầu đ� thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "thêm đầu đ� thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "thư điện tử"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "thêm To: đầu đ� thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "thêm Cc: đầu đ� thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "thụt l�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"đặt “�ịa chỉ gửi� thành <thụ l�> (hoặc thụt l� ngư�i commit nếu b� quên)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "message-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "dùng thư đầu tiên để trả l�i <message-id>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "ranh giá»›i"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "đính kèm miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "dùng miếng vá làm nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "cho phép luồng l�i nhắn, kiểu: “shallow�, “deep�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "chữ ký"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "thêm chữ ký"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "lần_chuyển_giao_n�n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "add trước hết đòi h�i thông tin cây tới sê-ri miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "thêm chữ ký từ một tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "không hiển thị các tên tập tin của miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n và  -k loại từ lẫn nhau."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix và -k xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "đầu ra chuẩn, hay thư mục, ch�n cái nào?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c tập tin chữ ký “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo các tập tin kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<thượng-nguồn> [<đầu> [<giới-hạn>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy nhánh mạng được theo dõi, hãy chỉ định <thượng-nguồn> một "
+"cách thủ công.\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<tập-tin>…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "nhận dạng các trạng thái tập tin với thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng chữ cái viết thư�ng cho các tập tin “assume unchanged� (giả định không "
+"thay đổi)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin được nhớ tạm vào đầu ra (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã xóa trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã bị sửa đổi ra kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khác trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin bị b� qua trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị tên đối tượng của nội dung được đặt lên bệ phóng ra kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin trên hệ thống tập tin mà nó cần được gỡ b�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên của các thư mục “khác�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "hiển thị kết thúc dòng của các tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "không hiển thị thư mục rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin chưa hòa trộn trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "hiển thị thông tin resolve-undo"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "b� qua những tập tin khớp với một mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "mẫu loại trừ được đ�c từ <tập tin>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "đ�c thêm các mẫu ngoại trừ mỗi thư mục trong <tập tin>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "thêm loại trừ tiêu chuẩn kiểu git"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "làm cho kết xuất liên quan đến thư mục ở mức cao nhất (gốc) của dự án"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "nếu <tập tin> bất kỳ không ở trong bảng mục lục, xử lý nó như một lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "tree-ish"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"giả định rằng các đư�ng dẫn đã bị gỡ b� kể từ <tree-ish> nay vẫn hiện diện"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "hiển thị dữ liệu gỡ lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<kho> [<các tham chiếu>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "không hiển thị URL máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "thá»±c thi"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn của git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "giới hạn tới các thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "giới hạn cho các đầu"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "không hiển thị thẻ bị peel (g�t b�)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "lấy url.<base>.insteadOf vào trong tài khoản"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr "thoát với mã là 2 nếu không tìm thấy tham chiếu nào khớp"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu nằm dưới để thêm vào đối tượng được chỉ bởi nó"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <tree-ish> [<đư�ng-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các tree"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "đệ quy vào các thư mục con"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "hiển thị cây khi đệ quy"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "chấm dứt mục tin với byte NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "gồm cả kích thước đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "dùng tên đư�ng dẫn đầy đủ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "liệt kê cây mục tin; không chỉ thư mục hiện hành (ngụ ý --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<commit>…]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <tin-nhắn> HEAD <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "switch “m� yêu cầu một giá trị"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy chiến lược hòa trộn “%s�.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Các chiến lược sẵn sàng là:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Các chiến lược tùy chỉnh sẵn sàng là:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "không hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của lần hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(đồng nghĩa với --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "thêm (ít nhất <n>) mục từ shortlog cho ghi chú chuyển giao hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "tạo một lần chuyển giao đưon thay vì thực hiện việc hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "thực hiện chuyển giao nếu hòa trộn thành công (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "sửa chú thích trước khi chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "cho phép chuyển-tiếp-nhanh (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "b� qua nếu chuyển-tiếp-nhanh không thể được"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Thẩm tra xem lần chuyển giao có tên đó có chữ ký GPG hợp lệ hay không"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "chiến lược"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn sẽ dùng"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "tùy_ch�n=giá_trị"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n cho chiến lược hòa trộn đã ch�n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"hòa trộn ghi chú của lần chuyển giao (dành cho hòa trộn không-chuyển-tiếp-"
+"nhanh)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "bãi b� quá trình hòa trộn hiện tại đang thực hiện"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "cho phép hòa trộn lịch sử không liên quan"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "không thể chạy stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "lệnh tạm cất gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "không phải là một đối tượng hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (không có gì để squash)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Squash commit -- không cập nhật HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi vào “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "�ang ghi SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Hoàn thành SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Không có l�i chú thích hòa trộn -- nên không cập nhật HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "“%s� không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao nào cả"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Chuá»—i branch.%s.mergeoptions sai: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Không cầm nắm gì ngoài hai head hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Không hiểu tùy ch�n cho merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "không thể ghi %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đ�c từ “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vẫn chưa hòa trộn các lần chuyển giao; sử dụng lệnh “git commit� để hoàn tất "
+"việc hòa trộn.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích tại sao sự hòa trộn này là cần "
+"thiết,\n"
+"đặc biệt là khi nó hòa trộn thượng nguồn đã cập nhật vào trong một nhánh "
+"topic.\n"
+"\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua, và phần chú thích này nếu "
+"rá»—ng\n"
+"sẽ hủy b� lần chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Chú thích của lần commit (chuyển giao) bị trống rỗng."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Tuyệt v�i.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc tự động hòa trộn gặp lỗi; hãy sửa các xung đột sau đó chuyển giao kết "
+"quả.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "%s không phải là một lần commit (chuyển giao)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "không phải nhánh hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Không có máy chủ cho nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn mặc định được định nghĩa cho nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Không nhánh mạng theo dõi cho %s từ %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đóng “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr ""
+"Ở đây không có lần hòa trộn nào được hủy b� giữa chừng cả (thiếu MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộn (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
+"Hãy chuyển giao các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
+"Hãy chuyển giao các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --squash với --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Không chỉ ra lần chuyển giao và merge.defaultToUpstream chưa được đặt."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Squash commit vào một head trống rỗng vẫn chưa được hỗ trợ"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Chuyển giao không-chuyển-tiếp-nhanh không hợp lý ở trong một head trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - không phải là một số thứ chúng tôi có thể hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể hòa trộn một cách đúng đắn một lần chuyển giao vào một head rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG không đáng tin, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG sai, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s không có chữ ký GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG tốt bởi %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "từ chối hòa trộn lịch sử không liên quan"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "�ang cập nhật %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "�ang thử hòa trộn kiểu “trivial in-index�…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Không.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Thực hiện lệnh chuyển-tiếp-nhanh là không thể được, đang b� qua."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "�ang tua lại cây thành th�i xa xưa…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "�ang thử chiến lược hòa trộn %s…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Không có chiến lược hòa trộn nào được nắm giữ (handle) sự hòa trộn.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Hòa trộn với chiến lược %s gặp lỗi.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Sử dụng %s để chuẩn bị giải quyết bằng tay.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hòa trộn tự động đã trở nên tốt; bị dừng trước khi việc chuyển giao được yêu "
+"cầu\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <lần_chuyển_giao> <lần_chuyển_giao>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <lần_chuyển_giao>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <lần_chuyển_giao>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <lần_chuyển_giao>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <tham-chiếu> [<lần_chuyển_giao>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "xuất ra tất cả các ông bà, tổ tiên chung"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "tìm tổ tiên của hòa trộn n-way đơn"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "liệt kê các “rev� mà nó không thể đ�c được từ cái khác"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "là cha mẹ đầu tiên của cái khác?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "tìm xem <commit> được rẽ nhánh ở đâu từ reflog của <th.chiếu>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [-L <tên1> [-L <gốc> [-L <tên2>]]] <tập-"
+"tin1> <tập-tin-gốc> <tập-tin2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "gửi kết quả vào đầu ra tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "dùng kiểu hòa dựa trên diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản của chúng ta"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản của h�"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản kết hợp"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, hãy sử dụng kích thước bộ tạo này"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "không cảnh báo v� các xung đột xảy ra"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "đặt nhãn cho tập-tin-1/tập-tin-gốc/tập-tin-2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "đầu vào được chấm dứt bởi NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "cho phép thiếu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "cho phép tạo nhi�u hơn một cây"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <nguồn>… <đích>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Thư mục “%s� có ở trong chỉ mục mà không có mô-đun con?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy đưa các thay đổi của bạn vào .gitmodules hay tạm cất chúng đi để xử lý"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "ép buộc di chuyển hay đổi tên thậm chí cả khi đích đã tồn tại"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "b� qua các lỗi liên quan đến di chuyển, đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "có đích “%s� nhưng đây không phải là một thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�ang kiểm tra việc đổi tên của “%s� thành “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "nguồn sai"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "không thể di chuyển một thư mục vào trong chính nó được"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "không di chuyển được thư mục thông qua tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "thư mục nguồn là trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "không nằm dưới sự quản lý mã nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "đích đã tồn tại sẵn rồi"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "đang ghi đè lên “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi đè"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "Nhi�u nguồn cho cùng một đích"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "thư mục đích không tồn tại"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, nguồn=%s, đích=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "�ổi tên %s thành %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đổi tên “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <commit>…"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<các-tùy-ch�n>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<các-tùy-ch�n>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên (không SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng các thẻ để đặt tên cho các lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "chỉ sử dụng các tham chiếu khớp với <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+"liệt kê tất cả các lần chuyển giao có thể đ�c được từ tất cả các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "đ�c từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "cho phép in các tên “chưa định nghĩa� (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "bãi b� tham chiếu các thẻ trong đầu vào (dùng nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<đối-tượng>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <l�i-nhắn> | -F "
+"<tập-tin> | (-c | -C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <l�i-nhắn> | -F "
+"<tập-tin> | (-c | -C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <chiến-lược> ] <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<đối-tượng>…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<đối tượng>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>]…"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể khởi chạy “show� cho đối tượng “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c kết xuất “show�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi hoàn thành “show� cho đối tượng “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+"Xin hãy áp dụng nội dung của ghi chú sử dụng hoặc là tùy ch�n -m hoặc là -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "không thể ghi đối tượng ghi chú (note)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đ�c “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đ�c đối tượng “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "không thể đ�c dữ liệu ghi chú từ đối tượng không-blob “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "quá nhi�u đối số"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy ghi chú cho đối tượng %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một chuỗi"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "dùng lại nhưng có sửa chữa đối tượng note đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "dùng lại đối tượng ghi chú (note) đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "cho lưu trữ ghi chú trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "thay thế ghi chú trước"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể thêm các ghi chú. �ã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối tượng "
+"%s. Sử dụng tùy ch�n “-f� để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang ghi đè lên ghi chú cũ cho đối tượng %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang gỡ b� ghi chú (note) cho đối tượng %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "đ�c các đối tượng từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "tải cấu hình chép lại cho <lệnh> (ngầm định là --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "quá ít đối số"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể sao chép các ghi chú. �ã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối "
+"tượng %s. Sử dụng tùy ch�n “-f� để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Thiếu ghi chú trên đối tượng nguồn %s. Không thể sao chép."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tùy ch�n -m/-F/-c/-C đã cổ không còn dùng nữa cho lệnh con “edit�.\n"
+"Xin hãy sử dụng lệnh sau để thay thế: “git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C�.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n chung"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n v� hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"phân giải các xung đột “notes� sử dụng chiến lược đã đưa ra (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Chuyển giao các note chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"các note cuối cùng được hòa trộn bởi các note chưa hòa trộn của lần chuyển "
+"giao"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Hủy b� phân giải ghi chú (note) hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "b� qua hòa trộn các ghi chú (note)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "Các ghi chú hòa trộn vào %s đã sẵn trong quá trình xử lý tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "�ối tượng %s không có ghi chú (note)\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "cố gắng gỡ b� một note chưa từng tồn tại không phải là một lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "đ�c tên đối tượng từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "notes-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "dùng “notes� từ <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Không hiểu câu lệnh con: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [các-tùy-ch�n…] [< <danh-sách-tham-chiếu> | < "
+"<danh-sách-đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [các-tùy-ch�n…] <base-name> [< <danh-sách-ref> | < <danh-"
+"sách-đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "lỗi giải nén (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr "tắt ghi bitmap, các gói bị chia nh� bởi vì pack.packSizeLimit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "�ang ghi lại các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "tắt ghi bitmap, như vậy một số đối tượng sẽ không được đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "�ang nén các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "phiên bản mục lục không được hỗ trợ %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "phiên bản mục lục sai “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "không hiển thị bộ đo tiến trình"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "hiển thị bộ đo tiến trình"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "hiển thị bộ đo tiến triển trong suốt pha ghi đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "tương tự --all-progress khi bộ đo tiến trình được xuất hiện"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "phiên bản[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "ghi tập tin bảng mục lục gói (pack) ở phiên bản định dạng idx đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "kcíh thước tối đa cho tập tin gói được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "b� qua các đối tượng vay mượn từ kho đối tượng thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "b� qua các đối tượng đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "giới hạn cửa sổ đóng gói theo đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "giới hạn cửa sổ đóng gói theo bộ nhớ cộng thêm với giới hạn đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "độ dài tối đa của chuỗi móc xích “delta� được phép trong gói kết quả"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "dùng lại các delta sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "dùng lại các đối tượng sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "dùng các đối tượng OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "sử dụng các tuyến trình khi tìm kiếm cho các mẫu khớp delta tốt nhất"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "không thể tạo kết xuất gói trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr " đ�c tham số “revision� từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "giới hạn các đối tượng thành những cái mà chúng vẫn chưa được đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng có thể đ�c được từ bất kỳ tham chiếu nào"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng được tham chiếu bởi các mục reflog"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng được tham chiếu bởi mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "xuất gói ra đầu ra tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng tham chiếu đến các đối tượng được đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "giữ lại các đối tượng không thể đ�c được"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "th�i-gian"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+"xả nén (gỡ kh�i gói) các đối tượng không thể đ�c được mới hơn <th�i-gian>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "tạo gói nhẹ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "tạo gói để phù hợp cho lấy v� nông (shallow)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "b� qua các gói mà nó có tập tin .keep đi kèm"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "mức nén gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "không ẩn các lần chuyển giao bởi “grafts�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "dùng mục lục ánh xạ nếu có thể được để nâng cao tốc độ đếm đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "ghi một mục lục ánh xạ cùng với mục lục gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "�ang đếm các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "đóng gói m�i thứ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "prune (cắt cụt) những tham chiếu bị mất (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "�ang gỡ các đối tượng trùng lặp"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <th�i-gian>] [--] [<head>…]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "không gỡ b�, chỉ hiển thị"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "báo cáo các đối tượng đã prune"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "các đối tượng hết hạn cũ hơn khoảng <th�i gian>"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "không thể tỉa bớt trong một kho đối_tượng_vĩ_đại"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<kho-chứa> [<refspec>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n liên quan đến hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "các thay đổi hợp nhất bằng cải tổ thay vì hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "cho phép chuyển-tiếp-nhanh"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "thẩm tra xem lần chuyển giao có tên đó có chữ ký GPG hợp lệ hay không"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "tự động stash/stash pop tước và sau tu bổ (rebase)"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n liên quan đến lệnh lấy v�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "số lượng mô-đun-con được đẩy lên đồng th�i"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "Giá trị không hợp lệ cho pull.ff: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể pull với cải tổ: Bạn có các thay đổi chưa được đưa lên bệ phóng."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Thêm vào đó, bảng mục lục của bạn có chứa các thay đổi chưa được chuyển giao."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "Không thể pull với cải tổ: Bạn có các thay đổi chưa được chuyển giao."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Ở đây không có ứng cử nào để cải tổ lại trong số các tham chiếu mà bạn vừa "
+"lấy v�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Ở đây không có ứng cử nào để hòa trộn trong số các tham chiếu mà bạn vừa lấy "
+"v�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr ""
+"�ại thể đi�u này có nghĩa là bạn đã cung cấp đặc tả đư�ng dẫn dạng dùng ký "
+"tá»±\n"
+"đại diện mà nó lại không khớp trên điểm cuối máy phục vụ."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn yêu cầu pull từ máy dịch vụ “%s�, nhưng lại chưa chỉ định\n"
+"nhánh nào. Bởi vì đây không phải là máy dịch vụ được cấu hình\n"
+"theo mặc định cho nhánh hiện tại của bạn, bạn phải chỉ định\n"
+"một nhánh trên dòng lệnh."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "Hiện tại bạn chẳng ở nhánh nào cả."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "Vui lòng chỉ định nhánh nào bạn muốn cải tổ lại."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "Vui lòng chỉ định nhánh nào bạn muốn hòa trộn vào."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "Xem git-pull(1) để biết thêm chi tiết."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "<máy chủ>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "<nhánh>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "Ở đây không có thông tin theo dõi cho nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Nếu bạn muốn theo dõi thông tin cho nhánh này bạn có thể thực hiện bằng lệnh:"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Các đặc tả cấu hình của bạn để hòa trộn với tham chiếu “%s�\n"
+"từ máy dịch vụ, nhưng không có nhánh nào như thế được lấy v�."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --[no-]autostash chỉ hợp lệ khi dùng với --rebase."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr ""
+"�ang cập nhật một nhánh chưa được sinh ra với các thay đổi được thêm vào "
+"bảng mục lục."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"fetch đã cập nhật head nhánh hiện tại.\n"
+"đang chuyển-tiếp-nhanh cây làm việc của bạn từ\n"
+"lần chuyển giaot %s."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuyển tiếp nhanh cây làm việc của bạn.\n"
+"Sau khi chắc chắn rằng mình đã ghi lại m�i thứ\n"
+"quý báu từ kết xuất của lệnh\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"chạy\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"để khôi phục lại."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "Không thể hòa trộn nhi�u nhánh vào trong một head trống rỗng."
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh rebase (cải tổ) trên nhi�u nhánh."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<kho-chứa> [<refspec>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "dùng tốc ký thẻ không có <thẻ>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete chỉ chấp nhận các tên tham chiếu dạng thư�ng"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"�ể ch�n mỗi tùy ch�n một cách cố định, xem push.default trong “git help "
+"config�."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh thượng nguồn của nhánh hiện tại của bạn không khớp\n"
+"với tên của nhánh hiện tại của bạn.  �ể đẩy lên đến nhánh thượng nguồn\n"
+"trên máy chủ, sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"�ể push tới nhánh cùng tên trên máy chủ, sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay không ở một nhánh.\n"
+"�ể đẩy lịch sử lên trên trạng thái hiện hành (HEAD đã bị tách r�i)\n"
+"ngay bây gi�, sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<tên-của-nhánh-máy-chủ>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh hiện tại %s không có nhánh thượng nguồn nào.\n"
+"�ể push (đẩy lên) nhánh hiện tại và đặt máy chủ này làm thượng nguồn "
+"(upstream), sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại %s có nhi�u nhánh thượng nguồn, từ chối push."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang push (đẩy lên) máy chủ “%s�, mà nó không phải là thượng nguồn "
+"(upstream) của\n"
+"nhánh hiện tại “%s� của bạn, mà không báo cho tôi biết là cái gì được push\n"
+"để cập nhật nhánh máy chủ nào."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đã không chỉ ra một refspecs nào để đẩy lên, và push.default là \"không "
+"là gì cả\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh hiện tại của bạn nằm đằng\n"
+"sau bộ phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ\n"
+"(v.d. \"git pull …\") trước khi đẩy lên lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards� trong “git push --help� để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh đã đẩy lên nằm đằng sau "
+"bá»™\n"
+"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Checkou nhánh này và hòa trộn với các thay đổi\n"
+"từ máy chủ (v.d. “git pull …�) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards� trong “git push --help� để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì máy chủ có chứa công việc mà bạn không\n"
+"có ở máy nội bộ của mình. Lỗi này thư�ng có nguyên nhân bởi kho khác đẩy\n"
+"dữ liệu lên cùng một tham chiếu. Bạn có lẽ muốn hòa trộn với các thay đổi\n"
+"từ máy chủ (v.d. “git pull…�) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards� trong “git push --help� để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì thẻ đã sẵn có từ trước trên máy chủ."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật một tham chiếu trên máy chủ mà nó chỉ đến đối tượng "
+"không\n"
+"phải là lần chuyển giao, hoặc cập nhật một tham chiếu máy chủ để nó chỉ đến "
+"đối tượng\n"
+"không phải chuyển giao, mà không sử dụng tùy ch�n “--force�.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang đẩy lên %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đẩy tới một số tham chiếu đến “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "repository (kho) sai “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Chưa cấu hình đích để đẩy lên.\n"
+"Hoặc là chỉ ra URL từ dòng lệnh hoặc là cấu hình một kho máy chủ sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <tên> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"và sau đó đẩy lên sử dụng tên máy chủ\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <tên>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all và --tags xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all không thể được tổ hợp cùng với đặc tả đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror và --tags xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror không thể được tổ hợp cùng với đặc tả đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all và --mirror xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "kho"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "đẩy tất cả các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "mirror tất cả các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "xóa các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "đẩy các thẻ (không dùng cùng với --all hay --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "ép buộc cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "tên-tham-chiếu>:<cần"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "yêu cầu giá-trị cũ của tham chiếu thì là giá-trị này"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "đi�u khiển việc đẩy lên (push) đệ qui của mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "tạo gói nhẹ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "chương trình nhận gói"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "đặt thượng nguồn cho git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "xén tỉa những tham chiếu bị gỡ b�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua móc ti�n-đẩy (pre-push)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "push phần bị thiếu nhưng các thẻ lại thích hợp"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "ký lần đẩy dùng GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "yêu cầu giao dịch hạt nhân bên phía máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete là xung khắc với các tùy ch�n --all, --mirror và --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete không hợp lý nếu không có bất kỳ tham chiếu nào"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<ti�n-"
+"tố>) [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] "
+"[--index-output=<tập-tin>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-"
+"ish3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "ghi mục lục kết quả vào <tập-tin>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "chỉ với bảng mục lục trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "thực hiện một hòa trộn thêm vào việc đ�c"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+"hòa trộn kiểu “3-way� nếu không có tập tin mức hòa trộn nào được yêu cầu "
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "hòa trộn 3-way trong sự hiện diện của “adds� và “removes�"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "giống với -m, nhưng b� qua các mục chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<thư-mục-con>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "đ�c cây vào trong bảng mục lục dưới <thư_mục_con>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "cập nhật cây làm việc với kết quả hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "cho phép các tập tin rõ ràng bị l� đi được ghi đè"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "không kiểm tra cây làm việc sau hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "không cập nhật bảng mục lục hay cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "b� qua áp dụng bộ l�c lấy ra (checkout) thưa thớt"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "gỡ lỗi “unpack-trees�"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack <thư-mục-git>"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "im lặng"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "Bạn phải chỉ định thư mục."
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "“%s� dành cho “%s� không phải là dấu vết th�i gian hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "“%s� không phải là dấu th�i gian hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <nhánh>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <tên-cũ> <tên-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <nhánh>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<nhóm> | <máy-chủ>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <tên> <nhánh>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] [--all] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <tên> <url-mới> [<url-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <tên> <url-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <tên> <nhánh>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <tên> <nhánh>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<nhóm> | <máy-chủ>]…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "�ang cập nhật %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror nguy hiểm và không dùng nữa; xin hãy\n"
+"\t sử dụng tùy ch�n --mirror=fetch hoặc --mirror=push để thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "không hiểu tham số máy bản sao (mirror): %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "lấy v� các nhánh từ máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "nhập vào tất cả các đối tượng thẻ và thành phần liên quan khi lấy v�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "hoặc không lấy v� bất kỳ thẻ nào (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "các nhánh để theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "nhánh master"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "đặt máy chủ (remote) như là một máy bản sao để push hay fetch từ đó"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "đang chỉ định một nhánh master không hợp lý với tùy ch�n --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "chỉ định những nhánh để theo dõi chỉ hợp lý với các “fetch mirror�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "máy chủ %s đã tồn tại rồi."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "“%s� không phải tên máy chủ hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể cài đặt nhánh master “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ánh xạ (map) fetch cho đặc tả tham chiếu %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(khá»›p)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(xóa)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào như thế: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đổi tên phần của cấu hình từ “%s� thành “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Không cập nhật “non-default fetch respec�\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tXin hãy cập nhật phần cấu hình một cách thủ công nếu thấy cần thiết."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xóa “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Chú ý: Một số nhánh nằm ngoài hệ thống refs/remotes/ đã không được gỡ b� "
+"Ä‘i;\n"
+"để xóa đi, sử dụng:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� phần cấu hình “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " mới (lần lấy v� tiếp theo sẽ lưu trong remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " được theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " cũ rích (dùng “git remote prune� để gỡ b�)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "branch.%s.merge không hợp lệ; không thể cải tổ v� phía > 1 nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "thực hiện rebase một cách tương tác trên máy chủ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " hòa trộn với máy chủ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    và với máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "hòa trộn với máy chủ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   và với máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "tạo"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "xóa"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "đã cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "có-thể-chuyển-tiếp-nhanh"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "dữ liệu nội bộ đã cũ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s ép buộc thành %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s đẩy lên thành %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s ép buộc thành %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s đẩy lên thành %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "không truy vấn các máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* máy chủ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL để lấy v�: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(không có URL)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL để đẩy lên: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Nhánh HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  nhánh HEAD (HEAD máy chủ chưa rõ ràng, có lẽ là một trong số sau):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Những nhánh trên máy chủ:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (trạng thái không được yêu cầu)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Những nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh “git pull�:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  refs nội bộ sẽ được phản chiếu bởi lệnh “git push�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Những tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh “git push�%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "đặt refs/remotes/<tên>/HEAD cho phù hợp với máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "xóa refs/remotes/<tên>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể xác định được HEAD máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "Nhi�u nhánh HEAD máy chủ. Hãy ch�n rõ ràng một:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Không thể xóa b� %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Không phải là tham chiếu hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Không thể cài đặt %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s sẽ trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý)!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s đã trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý)!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "�ang xén bớt %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [nên xén bớt] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [đã bị xén] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "cắt máy chủ sau khi lấy v�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào có tên “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "thêm nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra máy chủ nào"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "truy vấn đẩy URL thay vì lấy"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "trả v� m�i URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "không có URL nào được cấu hình cho nhánh “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "đẩy các “URL� bằng tay"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "thêm URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "xóa URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Kiểu mẫu URL cũ không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy URL như vậy: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Sẽ không xóa những địa chỉ URL không-push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "chi tiết; phải được đặt trước một lệnh-con"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "đóng gói m�i thứ trong một gói đơn"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "giống với -a, và chỉnh sửa các đối tượng không đ�c được thiếu sót"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "xóa b� các gói dư thừa, và chạy git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --no-reuse-delta cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --no-reuse-object cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "không chạy git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --local cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "ghi mục lục ánh xạ"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "ngày ước tính"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "với -A, các đối tượng cũ hơn khoảng th�i gian này thì không bị mất"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "kích thước cửa sổ được dùng cho nén “delta�"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "byte"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "giống như trên, nhưng giới hạn kích thước bộ nhớ hay vì số lượng"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "giới hạn độ sâu tối đa của “delta�"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "kích thước tối đa cho từng tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "đóng gói lại các đối tượng trong các gói đã đánh dấu bằng .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "không thể xóa các gói trong một kho đối_tượng_vĩ_đại"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xóa b� “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <đối-tượng> <thay-thế>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <đối tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <lần_chuyển_giao> [<cha_mẹ>…]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <đối tượng>…"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<định_dạng>] [-l [<mẫu>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không phải là tên đối tượng hợp lệ: “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "thẻ hòa trộn sai trong lần chuyển giao “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "thẻ hòa trộn không đúng dạng ở lần chuyển giao “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"lần chuyển giao gốc “%s� có chứa thẻ hòa trộn “%s� cái mà bị loại b�; dùng "
+"tùy ch�n --edit thay cho --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao gốc “%s� có chữ ký GPG."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "chữ ký sẽ được b� đi trong lần chuyển giao thay thế!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể ghi lần chuyển giao thay thế cho: “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "liệt kê các refs thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "sửa đối tượng sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "thay đổi cha mẹ của lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "thay thế tham chiếu nếu nó đã sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "đừng in đẹp các nội dung cho --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "dùng định dạng này"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr ""
+"git rerere [clear | forget <đư�ng dẫn>… | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "sổ ghi d�n sạch các phân giải trong bản mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <đư�ng-dẫn>…"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<các-đư�ng-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "pha trá»™n"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "m�m"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "cứng"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "giữ lại"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD hiện gi� tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện một %s reset ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "làm việc ở chế độ im lặng, chỉ hiển thị khi có lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "đặt lại (reset) HEAD và bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "chỉ đặt lại (reset) HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "đặt lại HEAD, bảng mục lục và cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "đặt lại HEAD nhưng giữ lại các thay đổi nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "chỉ ghi lại những đư�ng dẫn thực sự sẽ được thêm vào sau này"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s� như là điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s� như là một cây (tree) hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch xung khắc với --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed với các đư�ng dẫn không còn dùng nữa; hãy thay thế bằng lệnh “git "
+"reset -- <đư�ng_dẫn>�."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh %s reset với các đư�ng dẫn."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "%s reset không được phép trên kho thuần"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N chỉ được dùng khi có --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Những thay đổi được đưa ra kh�i bệ phóng sau khi reset:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Không thể đặt lại (reset) bảng mục lục thành điểm xét duyệt “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới."
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "rev-list không hỗ trợ hiển thị các ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<các-tùy-ch�n>] -- [<các tham số>…]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "giữ lại “--� chuyển sang làm tham số"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "dừng phân tích sau đối số đầu tiên không có tùy ch�n"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "kết xuất trong định dạng gậy dài"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<các-tùy-ch�n>] -- [<các đối số>…]\n"
+"   hoặc: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<đ.số>…]\n"
+"   hoặc: git rev-parse [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<đ.số>…]\n"
+"\n"
+"Chạy lệnh \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" để có thêm thông tin v� cách dùng."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <commit-ish>…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <lệnh-con>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <commit-ish>…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <lệnh-con>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s không thể được sử dụng với %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "kết thúc cherry-pick hay hoàn nguyên liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "phục hồi lại cherry-pick hay hoàn nguyên liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "không cherry-pick hay hoàn nguyên liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "không chuyển giao một cách tự động."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "sửa lại chú thích cho lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "số của cha mẹ"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n cho chiến lược hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "nối thêm tên lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "cấm khởi tạo lần chuyển giao trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "chấp nhận chuyển giao mà không ghi chú gì"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "giữ lại các lần chuyển giao dư thừa, rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "lỗi chương trình"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "hoàn nguyên gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "cherry-pick gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [--] <tập-tin>…"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"các mô-đun-con sau đây (hay một trong số mô-đun-con bên trong của nó)\n"
+"dùng một thư mục .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(dùng /\"rm -rf/\" nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ b� nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"các tập tin sau đây có trạng thái khác biệt nội dung từ cả tập tin\n"
+"và cả HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(dùng -f để buộc gỡ b�)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "các tập tin sau đây có thay đổi trạng thái trong bảng mục lục:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(dùng tùy ch�n --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ b�)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "những tập tin sau đây có những thay đổi nội bộ:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "không liệt kê các tập tin đã gỡ b�"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "chỉ gỡ b� từ mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "ghi đè lên kiểm tra cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "cho phép gỡ b� đệ qui"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "thoát ra với trạng thái khác không thậm chí nếu không có gì khớp"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "không thể gỡ b� “%s� một cách đệ qui mà không có tùy ch�n -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: không thể gỡ b� %s"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<máy>:]<thư/mục> [<các-tham-"
+"chiếu>…]\n"
+"  --all và đặc tả <ref> rõ ràng là loại trừ lẫn nhau."
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "tên máy dịch vụ"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "dùng giao thức RPC không ổn định"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "đ�c tham chiếu từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "in các trạng thái từ phần hướng dẫn trên máy dịch vụ"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<vùng-xét-duyệt>] [[--] [<đư�ng-dẫn>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "sắp xếp kết xuất tuân theo số lượng chuyển giao trên mỗi tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Chặn m�i mô tả lần chuyển giao, chỉ đưa ra số lượng lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử cho từng tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ngắt dòng khi quá dài"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<khi>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<n�n>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking và nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "màu “*!+-� tương ứng với nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "hiển thị thêm <n> lần chuyển giao sau cha mẹ chung"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "đồng nghĩa với more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "chặn các chuỗi đặt tên"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "bao gồm nhánh hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "đặt tên các lần chuyển giao bằng các tên của đối tượng của chúng"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "hiển thị m�i cơ sở có thể dùng để hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tham chiếu không thể được đ�c bởi bất kỳ tham chiếu khác"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao theo thứ tự tôpô"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các lần chuyển giao không nằm trên nhánh đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "hiển thị các lần hòa trộn có thể đ�c được chỉ từ một đầu mút"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "sắp xếp hình thái h�c, bảo trì thứ tự ngày nếu có thể"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<cơ_sở>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> các mục “ref-log� gần nhất kể từ n�n (base)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<mẫu>…] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<mẫu>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị thẻ (có thể tổ hợp cùng với đầu)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị đầu (có thể tổ hợp cùng với thẻ)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"việc kiểm tra tham chiếu chính xác, đòi h�i chính xác đư�ng dẫn tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu HEAD, ngay cả khi nó đã được l�c ra"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "bãi b� tham chiếu các thẻ thành ra các ID đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị mã băm SHA1 sử dụng <n> chữ số"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"không hiển thị kết quả ra đầu ra chuẩn (stdout) (chỉ hữu dụng với --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị các tham chiếu từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn (stdin) cái mà không ở kho nội "
+"bá»™"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr "giữ và xóa b� m�i dòng bắt đầu bằng ký tự ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "treo trước ký tự ghi chú và ký tự khoảng trắng cho từng dòng"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "Không có tham chiếu nào như thế: %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "Cần tên tham chiếu dạng đầy đủ, nhưng lại nhận được %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể cắt b� một thành phần ra kh�i “%s� url"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "điểm neo thay thế cho các đư�ng dẫn tương đối"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=</đư�ng/dẫn>] [</đư�ng/dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy url cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “%s� trong .gitmodules"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký url cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “%s� (%s) được đăng ký cho đư�ng dẫn “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "cảnh báo: chế độ lệnh cập nhật được gợi ý cho mô-đun-con “%s�\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký chế độ cập nhật cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "Chặn kết xuất cho khởi tạo một mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper init [</đư�ng/dẫn>]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name </đư�ng/dẫn>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy ánh xạ (mapping) mô-đun-con trong .gitmodules cho đư�ng dẫn "
+"“%s�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "nhân bản mô-đun-con mới vào chỗ nào"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "tên của mô-đun-con mới"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "url nơi mà nhân bản mô-đun-con từ đó"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "chi�u sâu lịch sử khi tạo bản sao"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=</đư�ng/dẫn>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<kho>] [--name <tên>] [--depth <sâu>] [--url <url>] [</đư�ng/dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo thư mục “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Nhân bản “%s� vào đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “%s� gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở tập tin “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "không thể đóng tập tin %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thư mục mô-đun-con cho “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “%s� chưa được khởi tạo"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "Có lẽ bạn là bạn muốn dùng \"update --init\" phải không?"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "B� qua các mô-đun-con chưa được hòa trộn %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "B� qua mô-đun-con “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đến cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đến cây làm việc, chéo biên giới mô-đun-con lồng nhau"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr "rebase, merge, checkout hoặc không làm gì cả"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr ""
+"Tạo một bản sao nông được cắt ngắn thành số lượng điểm xét duyệt đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "công việc đồng th�i"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "đừng in tiến trình nhân bản"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=</đư�ng/dẫn>] [</đư�ng/dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "giá trị cho  tham số cập nhật bị sai"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "lệnh con submodule--helper phải được g�i với một lệnh con"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "“%s� không phải là lệnh con submodule--helper hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <tên> [<t.chiếu>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "chặn các thông tin lỗi cho các tham chiếu “không-m�m� (bị tách ra)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu m�m"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "làm ngắn kết xuất ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "lý do"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "lý do cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <tập-tin>] <tên-thẻ> "
+"[<head>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <tên-thẻ>…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<số>]] [--contains <lần_chuyển_giao>] [--points-at <đối-"
+"tượng>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<định dạng>] [--[no-]merged [<lần_chuyển_giao>]] [<mẫu>…]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <tên-thẻ>…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "tên thẻ quá dài: %.*s…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy tìm thấy thẻ “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Thẻ đã bị xóa “%s� (từng là %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Viết các ghi chú cho thẻ:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Viết các ghi chú cho thẻ:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được giữ lại; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi "
+"nếu muốn.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "không thể ký thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin lưu thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng sai."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "phần đầu thẻ quá lớn."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "không có chú thích gì cho cho thẻ à?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên các thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng cho mỗi ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "xóa thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "thẩm tra thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n tạo thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "để chú giải cho thẻ, cần một l�i ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "phần chú thích cho thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "thẻ chú giải và ký kiểu GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "dùng kháo khác để ký thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "thay thế nếu thẻ đó đã có trước"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "tạo một reflog"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n liệt kê thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách thẻ trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những thẻ mà nó được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những thẻ mà nó không được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các thẻ của đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column và -n xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "tùy ch�n -n chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --contains chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --points-at chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --merged và --no-merged chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "chỉ có một tùy ch�n -F hoặc -m là được phép."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "quá nhi�u đối số"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "“%s� không phải thẻ hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "Thẻ “%s� đã tồn tại rồi"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "�ã cập nhật thẻ “%s� (trước là %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "�ang giải nén các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "tạo thư mục \"%s\" gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi lấy thông tin thống kê v� %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo tập tin %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xóa tập tin %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xóa thư mục %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "�ang kiểm thử mtime trong “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr "thông tin thống kê thư mục không thay đổi sau khi thêm tập tin mới"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr "thông tin thống kê thư mục không thay đổi sau khi thêm thư mục mới"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr "thông tin thống kê thư mục thay đổi sau khi cập nhật tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr ""
+"thông tin thống kê thư mục thay đổi sau khi thêm tập tin mới vào trong thư "
+"mục con"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr "thông tin thống kê thư mục không thay đổi sau khi xóa tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr "thông tin thống kê thư mục không thay đổi sau khi xóa thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " �ồng ý"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [--] [<tập-tin>…]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "tiếp tục làm mới ngay cả khi bảng mục lục cần được cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "refresh: l� đi mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "không b� qua các tập tin mới tạo"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "để các tập tin thay thế các thư mục và “vice-versa�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "thông báo các tập-tin thiếu trong thư-mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+"làm tươi mới thậm chí khi bảng mục lục chứa các mục tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "lấy lại thông tin thống kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "giống --refresh, nhưng b� qua các cài đặt “assume-unchanged�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<chế_độ>,<đối_tượng>,<đư�ng_dẫn>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "ghi đè lên bít thi hành của các tập tin được liệt kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "�ánh dấu các tập tin là \"không thay đổi\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "xóa bít assumed-unchanged (giả định là không thay đổi)"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "đánh dấu các tập tin là “chỉ-đ�c�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "xóa bít skip-worktree"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"chỉ thêm vào bảng mục lục; không thêm nội dung vào cơ sở dữ liệu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"gỡ b� các đư�ng dẫn được đặt tên thậm chí cả khi nó hiện diện trong thư mục "
+"làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "với tùy ch�n --stdin: các dòng đầu vào được chấm dứt bởi ký tự null"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "đ�c danh sách đư�ng dẫn cần cập nhật từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c các mục từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "phục hồi các trạng thái #2 và #3 cho các đư�ng dẫn được liệt kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "chỉ cập nhật các mục tin mà nó khác biệt so với HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "b� qua các tập-tin thiếu trong thư-mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "báo cáo các thao tác ra thiết bị xuất chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(cho “porcelains�) quên các xung đột chưa được giải quyết đã ghi"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "ghi mục lục ở định dạng này"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "bật/tắt chia cắt bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "bật/tắt bộ đệm không theo vết"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "kiểm tra xem hệ thống tập tin có hỗ trợ đệm không theo dõi hay không"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr "bật bộ đệm không theo vết mà không kiểm tra hệ thống tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "Nhớ đệm không theo vết bị tắt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "Nhớ đệm không theo vết được bật cho “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<các-tùy-ch�n>] -d <refname> [<biến-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<các-tùy-ch�n>]    <refname> <biến-mới> [<biến-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<các-tùy-ch�n>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "cập nhật <tên-tham-chiếu> không phải cái nó chỉ tới"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "đầu vào tiêu chuẩn có các đối số được chấm dứt bởi NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "đ�c cập nhật từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin thông tin từ điểm xuất phát"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <lần_chuyển_giao>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "hiển thị nội dung của lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "in kết xuất trạng thái gpg dạng thô"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <gói>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "chi tiết"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị thống kê"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <thẻ>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "hiển thị nội dung của thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <đư�ng-dẫn> [<nhánh>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� cây làm việc/%s: không phải là thư mục hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� cây làm việc/%s: không có tập tin gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� cây làm việc/%s: không thể đ�c tập tin gitdir (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� cây làm việc/%s: tập tin gitdir không hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� cây làm việc/%s: tập tin gitdir chỉ đến vị trí không tồn tại"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi gỡ b� “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "“%s� đã có từ trước rồi"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo thư mục của “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "�ang chuẩn bị %s (định danh %s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr "lấy ra <nhánh> ngay cả khi nó đã được lấy ra ở cây làm việc khác"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "tạo nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "tạo hay đặt lại một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "r�i b� HEAD tại lần chuyển giao theo tên"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "di chuyển cây làm việc mới"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Các tùy ch�n -b, -B, và --detach loại từ lẫn nhau"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<ti�n-tố>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<ti�n tố>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "ghi đối tượng cây (tree) cho <ti�n tố> thư mục con"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "chỉ hữu ích khi cần gỡ lỗi"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "in thông tin gỡ lỗi ra đầu ra lỗi tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"“git help -a� và “git help -g� liệt kê các câu lệnh con sẵn có và một số\n"
+"hướng dẫn v� khái niệm. Xem “git help <lệnh>� hay “git help <khái-niệm>�\n"
+"để xem các đặc tả cho lệnh hay khái niệm cụ thể."
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "Chốt khóa công không được hỗ trợ với cURL < 7.44.0"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "bắt đầu một vùng làm việc (xem thêm: git help tutorial)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "làm việc trên thay đổi hiện tại (xem thêm: git help everyday)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "xem xét lịch sử tình trạng (xem thêm: git help revisions)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "thêm, ghi dấu và chỉnh lịch sử chung của bạn"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "làm việc nhóm (xem thêm: git help workflows)"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Thêm nội dung tập tin vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Tìm kiếm dạng nhị phân để tìm ra lần chuyển giao nào đưa ra lỗi"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Liệt kê, tạo hay là xóa các nhánh"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "Chuyển các nhánh hoặc phục hồi lại các tập tin cây làm việc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Nhân bản một kho chứa đến một thư mục mới"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Ghi các thay đổi vào kho chứa"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Xem các thay đổi giữa những lần chuyển giao, giữa một lần chuyển giao và cây "
+"làm việc, v.v.."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Tải v� các đối tượng và tham chiếu từ kho chứa khác"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "In ra những dòng khớp với một mẫu"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Tạo một kho git mới hay khởi tạo lại một kho đã tồn tại từ trước"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Hiển thị nhật ký các lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Hợp nhất hai hay nhi�u hơn lịch sử của các nhà phát triển"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Di chuyển hay đổi tên một tập tin, thư mục hoặc liên kết m�m"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Lấy v� và hợp nhất với kho khác hay một nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Cập nhật th.chiếu máy chủ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "Thu hoạch các lần chuyển giao trên đỉnh của đầu mút cơ sở khác"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "�ặt lại HEAD hiện hành thành trạng thái đã cho"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Gỡ b� các tập tin từ cây làm việc và từ bảng mục lục"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các kiểu khác nhau của các đối tượng"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Hiển thị trạng thái cây làm việc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Tạo, liệt kê, xóa hay xác thực một đối tượng thẻ được ký bằng GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "ngày hết hạn"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "no-op (tương thích ngược)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "chi tiết hơn nữa"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "im lặng hơn nữa"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "sử dụng <n> chữ số để hiển thị SHA-1s"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "cập nhật bảng mục lục với phân giải xung đột dùng lại nếu được"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Bạn cần khởi đầu bằng \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Bạn có muốn tôi thực hiện đi�u này cho bạn không [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "không công nhận tùy ch�n: “$arg�"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "�$arg� không có vẻ như là một điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD sai - Tôi cần một HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc lấy “$start_head� ra gặp lỗi. Hãy thử \"git bisect reset <nhánh_hợp_lệ>"
+"\"."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "sẽ không di chuyển nửa bước trên cây được cg-seek"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "HEAD sai - tham chiếu m�m kỳ lạ"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "�ối số bisect_write sai: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "�ầu vào rev sai: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Hãy g�i lệnhl “bisect_state� với ít nhất một đối số."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "�ầu vào rev sai: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "“git bisect $TERM_BAD� có thể lấy chỉ một đối số."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "Cảnh báo: chỉ thực hiện việc bisect với một lần chuyển giao $TERM_BAD."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Bạn có chắc chắn chưa [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn phải chỉ cho tôi ít nhất một điểm $bad_syn và một $good_syn.\n"
+"(Bạn có thể sử dụng \"git bisect $bad_syn\" và \"git bisect $good_syn\" cho "
+"cái đó.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn cần bắt đầu bằng lệnh \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Bạn sau đó cần phải chỉ cho tôi ít nhất một điểm xét duyệt $good_syn và một "
+"$bad_syn.\n"
+"(Bạn có thể sử dụng \"git bisect $bad_syn\" và \"git bisect $good_syn\" cho "
+"chúng.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Chúng tôi không bisect."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "�$invalid� không phải là lần chuyển giao hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể check-out HEAD nguyên thủy của “$branch�.\n"
+"Hãy thử “git bisect reset <lần-chuyển-giao>�."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tập tin ghi nhật ký"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c $file để thao diễn lại"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? bạn đang nói gì thế?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "đang chạy lệnh $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
+"mã trả v� $res từ lệnh “$command� là < 0 hoặc >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "bisect không thể tiếp tục thêm được nữa"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
+"�bisect_state $state� đã thoát ra với mã lỗi $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "bisect chạy thành công"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "vui lòng dùng hai th�i kỳ khác nhau"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "“$term� không phải là th�i kỳ hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "không thể dùng lệnh tích hợp “$term� như là một th�i kỳ"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "không thể thay đổi nghĩa của th�i kỳ “$term�"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr "Lệnh không hợp lệ: bạn hiện đang ở bisect $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "chưa định nghĩa th�i kỳ nào"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"tham số không hợp lệ $arg cho “git bisect terms�.\n"
+"Các tùy ch�n hỗ trợ là: --term-good|--term-old và --term-bad|--term-new."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đ� này hãy chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định b� qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"git rebase --skip"
+"\".\n"
+"�ể phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy \"git "
+"rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "�ã áp dụng autostash."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Không thể lưu $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�p dụng autostash có hiệu quả trong các xung đột.\n"
+"Các thay đổi của bạn an toàn trong stash (tạm cất đi).\n"
+"Bạn có thể chạy lệnh \"git stash pop\" hay \"git stash drop\" bất kỳ lúc "
+"nào.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Móc (hook) pre-rebase từ chối rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Hình như đang trong quá trình thực hiện lệnh git-am. Không thể chạy lệnh "
+"rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Không có tiến trình rebase nào phải không?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Hành động “--edit-todo� chỉ có thể dùng trong quá trình “rebase� (sửa lịch "
+"sử) tương tác."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể đ�c HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn phải sửa tất cả các lần hòa trộn xung đột và sau\n"
+"đó đánh dấu chúng là cần xử lý sử dụng lệnh git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Không thể quay trở lại $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Hình như là ở đây sẵn có một thư mục $state_dir_base, và\n"
+"Tôi tự h�i có phải bạn đang ở giữa một lệnh rebase khác. Nếu đúng là\n"
+"như vậy, xin hãy thử\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Nếu không phải thế, hãy thử\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"và chạy TÔI lần nữa. TÔI  dừng lại trong trư�ng hợp bạn vẫn\n"
+"có một số thứ quý giá ở đây."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "thượng nguồn không hợp lệ $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây có nhi�u hơn một n�n móng hòa trộn"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây không có n�n móng hòa trộn nào"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao không hợp lệ: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "nghiêm tr�ng: không có nhánh như thế: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Không thể autostash"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "�ã tạo autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Xin hãy chuyển giao hoặc tạm cất (stash) chúng."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi, lệnh rebase ép buộc."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Thay đổi từ $mb thành $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "Trước tiên, di chuyển head để xem lại các công việc trên đỉnh của nó…"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Chuyển-tiếp-nhanh $branch_name thành $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr ""
+"git stash clear với các tham số là chưa được thực hiện (không nhận đối số)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Bạn chưa còn có lần chuyển giao khởi tạo"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái bảng mục lục hiện hành"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái cây-làm-việc hiện hành"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Chưa có thay đổi nào được ch�n"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� bảng mục lục tạm th�i (không thể xảy ra)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái cây làm việc hiện hành"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật $ref_stash với $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"lỗi: không hiểu tùy ch�n cho “stash save�: $option\n"
+"     �ể có thể dùng l�i chú thích có chứa -- ở đầu,\n"
+"     dùng git stash save -- \"$option\""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Không có thay đổi nội bộ nào được ghi lại"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Không thể khởi tạo stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái hiện hành"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� các thay đổi cây-làm-việc"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "không hiểu tùy ch�n: $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy lần chuyển giao cất đi (stash) nào."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Chỉ ra quá nhi�u điểm xét duyệt: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference không phải là tham chiếu hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "“$args� không phải là lần chuyển giao kiểu-stash (cất đi)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "�$args� không phải tham chiếu đến stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "không thể làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Không thể áp dụng một stash ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Xung đột trong bảng mục lục. Hãy thử mà không dùng tùy ch�n --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại cây chỉ mục"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Không thể b� ra kh�i bệ phóng các tập tin đã được sửa chữa"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Bảng mục lục đã không được b� stash."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "�ã xóa ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Không thể xóa b� mục stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tên của nhánh"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(�ể phục hồi lại chúng hãy gõ \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"�ư�ng dẫn tương đối chỉ có thể dùng từ thư mục ở mức cao nhất của cây làm "
+"việc"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr ""
+"repo URL: “$repo� phải là đư�ng dẫn tuyệt đối hoặc là bắt đầu bằng ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "�$sm_path� thực sự đã tồn tại ở bảng mục lục rồi"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Các đư�ng dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị l� đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore "
+"của bạn:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Sử dụng -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm nó vào."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "�ang thêm repo có sẵn tại “$sm_path� vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "�$sm_path� đã tồn tại từ trước và không phải là một kho git hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Thư mục git cho “$sm_name� được tìm thấy một cách cục bộ với các máy chủ:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "Nếu bạn muốn dùng lại thư mục git nội bộ này thay vì nhân bản từ nó"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng tùy ch�n “--force�. Nếu thư mục git nội bộ không phải là repo (kho) đúng"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"hay bạn không chắc chắn đi�u đó có nghĩa gì ch�n tên khác với tùy ch�n “--"
+"name�."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr ""
+"Phục hồi sự hoạt động của thư mục git nội bộ cho mô-đun-con “$sm_name�."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ra mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký với hệ thống mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�ang vào “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Dừng lại tại “$displaypath�; script trả v� trạng thái khác không."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "đặc tả đư�ng dẫn và --all xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Dùng “--all� nếu bạn thực sự muốn hủy khởi tạo m�i mô-đun-con"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath� có chứa thư mục .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(dùng “rm -rf� nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ b� nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath� chứa các thay đổi nội bộ; hãy dùng “-"
+"f� để loại b� chúng đi"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�ã tạo thư mục “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục mô-đun-con rỗng “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name� ($url) được b� đăng ký cho đư�ng dẫn “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy điểm xét duyệt hiện hành trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con "
+"“$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy v� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy v� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ra “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�: đã checkout “$sha1�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể cải tổ “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�: được rebase vào trong “$sha1�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể hòa trộn (merge) “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�: được hòa trộn vào “$sha1�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Thực hiện không thành công lệnh “$command $sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con "
+"“$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�: “$command $sha1�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Tùy ch�n --cached không thể dùng cùng với tùy ch�n --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "chế độ không như mong ch� $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa lần chuyển giao $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa lần chuyển giao $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa những lần chuyển giao $sha1_src và "
+"$sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Url Mô-đun-con đồng bộ hóa cho “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "Xem git-${cmd}(1) để biết thêm chi tiết."
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "“%s�: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+#~ msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s�: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for reading: %s"
+#~ msgstr "không thể mở “%s� để đ�c: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not open '%s' for writing: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể mở “%s� để ghi: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Vui lòng đưa các thay đổi của bạn vào “.gitmodules� hay tạm cất chúng đi "
+#~ "để xử lý"
+
+#~ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "không thể thẩm tra thẻ “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to remove: %s"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi gỡ b�: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+#~ msgstr "Tùy ch�n --exec phải được sử dụng cùng với tùy ch�n --interactive"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+#~ "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath� chưa được khởi tạo.\n"
+#~ "Có lẽ bạn muốn sử dụng lệnh “update --init�?"
+
+#~ msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Chuyển tiếp những lần chuyển giao nội bộ tới head thượng nguồn đã cập nhật"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse format"
+#~ msgstr "không thể phân tích định dạng"
+
+#~ msgid "improper format entered align:%s"
+#~ msgstr "định dạng không đúng chỗ căn chỉnh:%s"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể đặt “core.worktree� trong “%s�."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+#~ "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+#~ "and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+#~ "to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+#~ "behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+#~ "remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+#~ "information.\n"
+#~ "(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+#~ "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "biến push.default chưa được đặt; giá trị ngầm định của nó\n"
+#~ "đã được thay đổi trong Git 2.0 từ “matching� thành “simple�.\n"
+#~ "�ể không hiển thị nhắc nhở này và duy trì cách xử lý cũ, hãy chạy lệnh:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "�ể không hiển thị nhắc nhở này và áp dụng cách ứng xử mới, hãy chạy "
+#~ "lệnh:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Khi push.default được đặt thành “matching�, git sẽ đẩy các nhánh nội bộ\n"
+#~ "lên các nhánh trên máy chủ, cái mà đã sẵn có và cùng tên.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Trong 2.0, Git sẽ mặc định duy trì các ứng xử “simple�,\n"
+#~ "cái này chỉ đẩy những nhánh hiện hành lên các nhánh tương ứng\n"
+#~ "trên máy chủ cái mà lệnh “git pull� dùng để cập nhật nhánh hiện tại.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Xem “git help config� và tìm đến “push.default� để có thêm thông tin.\n"
+#~ "(chế độ “simple� được bắt đầu sử dụng từ Git 1.7.11. Sử dụng chế độ tương "
+#~ "tá»±\n"
+#~ "“current� thay vì “simple� nếu bạn thỉnh thoảng phải sử dụng bản Git cũ)"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể nối thêm “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+#~ msgstr "không tìm thấy ngư�i dùng hiện tại trong tập tin passwd: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "no such user"
+#~ msgstr "không có ngư�i dùng như vậy"
+
+#~ msgid "Missing author: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Thiếu tên tác giả: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Testing "
+#~ msgstr "�ang thử"
+
+#~ msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+#~ msgstr "nhánh “%s� không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao nào cả"
+
+#~ msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+#~ msgstr "đối tượng “%s� không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao nào cả"
+
+#~ msgid "some refs could not be read"
+#~ msgstr "một số tham chiếu đã không thể đ�c được"
+
+#~ msgid "print only merged branches"
+#~ msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh đã hòa trộn"
+
+#~ msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+#~ msgstr "đã đưa ra --dissociate, nhưng ở đây lại không có --reference"
+
+#~ msgid "show usage"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị cách dùng"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+#~ msgstr "tên mẫu dài một cách điên rồ %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+#~ msgstr "liên kết m�m dài một cách điên rồ %s"
+
+#~ msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+#~ msgstr "đư�ng dẫn mẫu “%s� dài một cách điên rồ"
+
+#~ msgid "insane git directory %s"
+#~ msgstr "thư mục git điên rồ %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "không hỗ trợ đặc tả sắp xếp “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "không hỗ trợ đặc tả sắp xếp “%s� trong biến “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+#~ msgstr "chuyển đến “points-at� yêu cần một đối tượng"
+
+#~ msgid "sort tags"
+#~ msgstr "sắp xếp các thẻ"
+
+#~ msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "--sort và -n xung khắc nhau"
+
+#~ msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Gitdir “$a� là bộ phận của đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$b� hoặc \"vice versa\""
+
+#~ msgid "false|true|preserve"
+#~ msgstr "false|true|preserve"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+#~ msgstr "LỖI: mở lại tập tin khóa mà nó lại đang được mở"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+#~ msgstr "LỖI: mở lại tập tin khóa mà nó đã được chuyển giao"
+
+#~ msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+#~ msgstr "tùy ch�n %s không chấp nhận dạng thức âm"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+#~ msgstr "không thể phân tích giá trị “%s� cho tùy ch�n %s"
+
+#~ msgid "-b and -B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "-b và -B loại từ lẫn nhau."
+
+#~ msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+#~ msgstr "Bạn cần đặt thông tin v� ngư�i chuyển giao mã nguồn trước đã"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+#~ "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort"
+#~ "\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đ� này hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+#~ "Nếu bạn có ý định b� qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"$cmdline --skip"
+#~ "\".\n"
+#~ "�ể phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy "
+#~ "\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#~ msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+#~ msgstr "�ịnh dạng miếng vá $patch_format không được hỗ trợ."
+
+#~ msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+#~ msgstr "Xin hãy rõ ràng. --skip hay --abort?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+#~ "If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+#~ "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Miếng vá trống rỗng.  Nó đã bị chia cắt sai phải không?\n"
+#~ "Nếu bạn thích b� qua miếng vá này, hãy chạy lệnh sau để thay thế "
+#~ "\"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+#~ "�ể phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng vá lại hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline "
+#~ "--abort\"."
+
+#~ msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+#~ msgstr "Miếng vá không có địa chỉ thư điện tử hợp lệ."
+
+#~ msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "�ang áp dụng (miếng vá): $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi vá tại $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+#~ "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+#~ "as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Pull là không thể được bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn.\n"
+#~ "Xin hãy sửa chữa chúng trước, và sau đó sử dụng lệnh “git add/rm <tập-"
+#~ "tin>�\n"
+#~ "để phê chuẩn việc đánh dấu đây cần được giải quyết và tạo một lần chuyển "
+#~ "giao."
+
+#~ msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Full là không thể thực hiện bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa "
+#~ "trá»™n."
+
+#~ msgid "no branch specified"
+#~ msgstr "chưa chỉ ra tên của nhánh"
+
+#~ msgid "check a branch out in a separate working directory"
+#~ msgstr "lấy ra một nhánh trong một thư mục làm việc cách biệt"
+
+#~ msgid "prune .git/worktrees"
+#~ msgstr "xén .git/worktrees"
+
+#~ msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+#~ msgstr "Những lệnh git hay được dùng nhất là:"
+
+#~ msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Không có nhánh nào như thế: “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể tạo liên kết git “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "gc.pruneexpire không hợp lệ: “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "(detached from %s)"
+#~ msgstr "(được tách r�i từ %s)"
+
+#~ msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Không tìm thấy tác giả có sẵn với “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "search also in ignored files"
+#~ msgstr "tìm cả trong các tập tin đã bị l� đi"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <nhánh>)"
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "chưa có tập tin nào được thêm vào"
+
+#~ msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+#~ msgstr "ép buộc tạo (khi đã có nhánh cùng tên)"
+
+#~ msgid "slot"
+#~ msgstr "khe"
+
+#~ msgid "check"
+#~ msgstr "kiểm tra"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khóa tham chiếu để cập nhật"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write ref"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi ghi tham chiếu"
+
+#~ msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+#~ msgstr "lần chuyển giao không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "commit has empty message"
+#~ msgstr "lần chuyển giao có ghi chú trống rỗng"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "không thể khóa HEAD ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu) HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi với lệnh chdir: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#~ msgstr "không nói chuyện được với lệnh cwd"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: không thể khóa ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock HEAD during fast_forward_to"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khóa HEAD trong quá trình fast_forward_to"
+
+#~ msgid "key id"
+#~ msgstr "id của khóa"
+
+#~ msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Việc theo dõi chưa được cài đặt: tên quá dài: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "lá»—i"
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", đằng sau "
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "không tìm thấy .gitmodules trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đ�c cập nhật .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "không thể lấy thống kê .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "không thể gỡ b� .gitmodules từ mục lục"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thêm .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+#~ "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+#~ "anymore.\n"
+#~ "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+#~ "directory.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cách ứng xử của lệnh “git add %s (hay %s)� khi không có tham số đư�ng dẫn "
+#~ "từ\n"
+#~ "thư-mục con của cây sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0 và không thể sử dụng như "
+#~ "thế nữa.\n"
+#~ "�ể thêm nội dung cho toàn bộ cây, chạy:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (hoặc git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "�ể hạn chế lệnh cho thư-mục hiện tại, chạy:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (hoặc git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Với phiên bản hiện tại của Git, lệnh bị hạn chế cho thư-mục hiện tại.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you "
+#~ "removed.\n"
+#~ "Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+#~ "removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+#~ "  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Bạn chạy “git add� mà không có “-A (--all)� cũng không “--ignore-"
+#~ "removal�,\n"
+#~ "cách ứng xử của nó sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0: nó quan tâm đến các đư�ng "
+#~ "dẫn mà\n"
+#~ "bạn đã gỡ b�. Các đư�ng dẫn như là “%s� cái mà\n"
+#~ "bị gỡ b� từ cây làm việc của bạn thì bị b� qua với phiên bản này của "
+#~ "Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* “git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>�, cái hiện tại là mặc định,\n"
+#~ "  b� qua các đư�ng dẫn bạn đã gỡ b� từ cây làm việc của bạn.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* “git add --all <pathspec>� sẽ đồng th�i giúp bạn ghi lại việc d�i đi.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Chạy “git status� để kiểm tra các đư�ng dẫn bạn đã gỡ b� từ cây làm việc "
+#~ "của bạn.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+#~ "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Tự động đóng gói kho chứa để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm việc.\n"
+#~ "chạy lệnh \"git gc\" một cách thủ công. Hãy xem \"git help gc\" để biết "
+#~ "thêm chi tiết.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+#~ "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+#~ "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration "
+#~ "variable\n"
+#~ "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau "
+#~ "bá»™\n"
+#~ "phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Nếu bạn không có ý định push nhánh đó, bạn có "
+#~ "lẽ muốn\n"
+#~ "chỉ định các nhánh để push hoặt là đặt nội dung cho biến cấu hình “push."
+#~ "default�\n"
+#~ "thành “simple�, “current� hoặc “upstream� để chỉ push nhánh hiện hành mà "
+#~ "thôi."
+
+#~ msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "đã sao chép:   %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#~ msgstr "đã xóa:        %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "đã sửa đổi:    %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "đã đổi tên:    %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "chưa hòa trộn: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "các đư�ng dẫn được  ngăn cách bởi ký tự null"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Bãi b�. Cân nhắc dùng một trong hai tùy ch�n --force và --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "đã chỉ ra nhi�u hơn %d cây (tree): “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --no-ff với --ff-only."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "mô-đun-con “%s� (hoặc cái nằm trong các mô-đun-con) dùng thư mục .git\n"
+#~ "(dùng “rm -rf� nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ b� nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+#~ "chúng)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "“%s� có các thay đổi được lưu trạng thái trong bảng mục lục\n"
+#~ "(dùng tùy ch�n --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ b�)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao nơi mà cha mẹ đến trước con của nó"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu của HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể lấy v� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path�"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path�"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Cần %.2f giây để đếm các tập tin chưa được theo dõi.  “status -uno�"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "có thể làm nó nhanh lên, nhưng bạn phải cẩn tr�ng đừng quên thêm nó vào"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "tập tin mới của chính bạn (xem “git help status�.."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>… ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Chạy lệnh “git help <tên-lệnh>� để có thêm thông tin v� lệnh được chỉ ra."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ ref nào trong .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ thẻ nào trong .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "đối tượng sai %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "thông tin ngư�i chuyển giao không có thực %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "không thể fdopen “show� (lệnh hiển thị) mô tả tập tin (fd) kết xuất"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đư�ng ống cho lệnh “show� cho đối tượng “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "ôi?"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không xóa %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể đ�c bảng mục lục"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | -d | <nhánh>])"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 có tập tin nào thay đổi cả"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d tập tin thay đổi"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d thêm(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d xóa(-)"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (dùng \"git add\" để theo dõi dấu vết)"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với tùy ch�n -b/-B/--orphan"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với tùy ch�n -t"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "Tùy ch�n --orphan và -b|-B loại từ lẫn nhau"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan không thể được sử dụng với tùy ch�n -t"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: hai tùy ch�n -f và -m xung khắc nhau"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: việc cập nhật các đư�ng dẫn là xung khắc với việc chuyển "
+#~ "đổi các nhánh."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "cài đặt diff gặp lỗi"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: đĩa bị đầy?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done gặp lỗi"
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "Tùy ch�n -d không còn được hỗ trợ nữa. Xin đừng sử dụng."
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s: đã được xóa/thay-tên"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "�%s�: không phải là một thư mục tài liệu."
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Không thể rút trích địa chỉ thư điện tử từ định danh ngư�i chuyển giao"
+
+#~ msgid "could not parse commit %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
diff --git a/po/zh_CN.po b/po/zh_CN.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36db9fe017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12596 @@
+# Chinese translations for Git package
+# Git 软件包的简体中文翻译.
+# Copyright (C) 2012,2013 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Contributors:
+#   - Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
+#   - Lian Cheng <rhythm.mail AT gmail.com>
+#   - Ray Chen <oldsharp AT gmail.com>
+#   - Riku <lu.riku AT gmail.com>
+#   - Thynson <lanxingcan AT gmail.com>
+#   - ws3389 <willsmith3389 AT gmail.com>
+#   - Wang Sheng <wangsheng2008love AT 163.com>
+#   - Yichao Yu <yyc1992 AT gmail.com>
+#   - Zhuang Ya <zhuangya AT me.com>
+#
+#  Git glossary for Chinese translators
+#
+#   English                          |  Chinese
+#   ---------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+#   3-way merge                      |  三方�并
+#   abbreviate                       |  简写（的 SHA-1 值）
+#   alternate object database        |  备用对象库
+#   amend                            |  修补
+#   ancestor                         |  祖先，祖先�交
+#   annotated tag                    |  附注标签
+#   bare repository                  |  纯仓库
+#   bisect                           |  二分查找
+#   blob object                      |  数�对象
+#   branch                           |  分支
+#   bundle                           |  包
+#   bypass                           |  绕过
+#   cache                            |  索引（的别称）
+#   chain                            |  （�交）链
+#   changeset                        |  �更集
+#   checkout                         |  检出
+#   checksum                         |  校验，校验和
+#   cherry-picking                   |  拣选
+#   clean                            |  干净（的工作区）
+#   clone                            |  克隆
+#   commit                           |  �交
+#   commit message                   |  �交说明
+#   commit object                    |  �交对象
+#   commit-ish (also committish)     |  �交�
+#   conflict                         |  冲�
+#   core Git                         |  核心 Git 工具
+#   DAG                              |  有�无环图
+#   dangling object                  |  摇摆对象
+#   detached HEAD                    |  分离头指针
+#   directory                        |  目录
+#   dirty                            |  �（的工作区）
+#   dumb HTTP protocol               |  哑 HTTP �议
+#   evil merge                       |  ��并（�并引入了父�交没有的修改）
+#   fast-forward                     |  å¿«è¿›
+#   fetch                            |  获�
+#   file system                      |  文件系统
+#   fork                             |  派生
+#   Git archive                      |  仓库（对于 arch 用户）
+#   gitfile                          |  gitfile（仓库链接文件）
+#   grafts                           |  （�交）�接
+#   hash                             |  哈希值
+#   HEAD                             |  HEAD（头指针，亦�当�分支）
+#   head                             |  头�分支
+#   head ref                         |  分支
+#   header                           |  头信�
+#   hook                             |  é’©å­�
+#   hunk                             |  补�片段
+#   index                            |  索引
+#   index entry                      |  索引�目
+#   loose object                     |  �散对象
+#   loose refs                       |  �散引用
+#   master                           |  master（默认分支�）
+#   merge                            |  �并
+#   object                           |  对象
+#   object database                  |  对象库
+#   object identifier                |  对象标识符
+#   object name                      |  对象�称
+#   object type                      |  对象类型
+#   octopus                          |  章鱼��并（两分支以上的�并）
+#   origin                           |  origin（默认的远程�称）
+#   pack                             |  包
+#   pack index                       |  包索引
+#   packfile                         |  包文件
+#   parent                           |  父�交
+#   patch                            |  补�
+#   pathspec                         |  路径规格
+#   pattern                          |  模�
+#   pickaxe                          |  挖掘
+#   plumbing                         |  管件（Git 底层核心命令的别称）
+#   porcelain                        |  瓷件（Git 上层�装命令的别称）
+#   precious-objects repo            |  ��仓库
+#   prune                            |  清除
+#   pull                             |  拉，拉�
+#   push                             |  推，推�
+#   reachable                        |  �达
+#   rebase                           |  �基
+#   ref                              |  引用
+#   reflog                           |  引用日志
+#   refspec                          |  引用规格
+#   remote                           |  远程，远程仓库
+#   remote-tracking branch           |  远程跟踪分支
+#   replay                           |  �放
+#   repo                             |  仓库
+#   repository                       |  仓库
+#   resolve                          |  （冲�）解决
+#   revert                           |  还原
+#   revision                         |  版本
+#   rewind                           |  回退
+#   SCM                              |  �代�管�（工具）
+#   SHA-1                            |  SHA-1（安全哈希算法1）
+#   shallow repository               |  浅（克隆）仓库
+#   signed tag                       |  签�标签
+#   smart HTTP protocol              |  智能 HTTP �议
+#   squash                           |  压缩
+#   stage                            |  n. 暂存区（�索引）; v. 暂存
+#   stash                            |  n. 进度�存; v. �存进度
+#   submodule                        |  �模组
+#   symref                           |  符�引用
+#   tag                              |  n. 标签; v. 打标签
+#   tag object                       |  标签对象
+#   tagger                           |  打标签者
+#   topic branch                     |  主题分支
+#   track                            |  跟踪
+#   tree                             |  树（工作区或树对象）
+#   tree object                      |  树对象
+#   tree-ish (also treeish)          |  树对象（或�以解�为一树对象）
+#   unmerged index                   |  未�并索引
+#   unpack                           |  解包
+#   unreachable object               |  ��达对象
+#   unstage                          |  �消暂存
+#   upstream                         |  上游
+#   upstream branch                  |  上游分支
+#   working tree                     |  工作区
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-24 23:42+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-06-06 23:05+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: GitHub <https://github.com/jiangxin/git/>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "�示：%.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"请在工作区改正文件，然�酌情使用 'git add/rm <文件>' 命令标记\n"
+"解决方案并�交。"
+
+#: advice.c:101 builtin/merge.c:1238
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "您尚未结�您的�并（存在 MERGE_HEAD）。"
+
+#: advice.c:103
+msgid "Please, commit your changes before merging."
+msgstr "请在�并�先�交您的修改。"
+
+#: advice.c:104
+msgid "Exiting because of unfinished merge."
+msgstr "因为存在未完�的�并而退出。"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<选项>] <树或�交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <仓库> [--exec <命令>] [<选项>] <树或�交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:15
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <仓库> [--exec <命令>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:344 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:420 builtin/rm.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "路径规格 '%s' 未匹�任何文件"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "格�"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "归档格�"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/log.c:1395
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "�缀"
+
+#: archive.c:431
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "为归档中�个路径�加上�缀"
+
+#: archive.c:432 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2548
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549 builtin/config.c:60 builtin/fast-export.c:987
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989 builtin/grep.c:722 builtin/hash-object.c:100
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459 builtin/ls-files.c:462 builtin/notes.c:398
+#: builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "文件"
+
+#: archive.c:433 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "归档写入此文件"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "读�工作区中的 .gitattributes"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "在标准错误上报告归档文件"
+
+#: archive.c:437
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "�存储"
+
+#: archive.c:438
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "压缩速度更快"
+
+#: archive.c:446
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "压缩效果更好"
+
+#: archive.c:449
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "列出支�的归档格�"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:776
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "仓库"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "从远程仓库（<仓库>）��归档文件"
+
+#: archive.c:453 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:482
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "命令"
+
+#: archive.c:454 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-archive 命令的路径"
+
+#: attr.c:263
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"负值模版在 git attributes 中被忽略\n"
+"当字符串确实�以感��开始时，使用 '\\!'。"
+
+#: branch.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"After fixing the error cause you may try to fix up\n"
+"the remote tracking information by invoking\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\"."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"在修�错误�，您�以�试修改远程跟踪分支，通过执行命令\n"
+"\"git branch --set-upstream-to=%s%s%s\" 。"
+
+#: branch.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "未设置分支 %s 作为它自己的上游。"
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为使用�基�跟踪�自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为跟踪�自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用�基�跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用�基�跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用�基�跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:119
+msgid "Unable to write upstream branch configuration"
+msgstr "无法写入上游分支�置"
+
+#: branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "未跟踪：引用 %s 有歧义"
+
+#: branch.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' �是一个有效的分支�称。"
+
+#: branch.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "一个分支� '%s' 已�存在。"
+
+#: branch.c:198
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "无法强制更新当�分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "无法设置跟踪信�；起始点 '%s' �是一个分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "请求的上游分支 '%s' �存在"
+
+#: branch.c:222
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划基于远程一个现存的上游分支开始你的工作，\n"
+"您�能需�执行 \"git fetch\" �获�分支。\n"
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划推�一个能与对应远程分支建立跟踪的新的本地分支，\n"
+"您�能需�使用 \"git push -u\" 推�分支并�置和上游的关�。"
+
+#: branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "�是一个有效的对象�：'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "歧义的对象�：'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "无效的分支点：'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is already checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 已�检出到 '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD of working tree %s is not updated"
+msgstr "工作区 %s 的 HEAD 指�没有被更新"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' ��是一个 v2 版本的包文件"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "未能识别的包头：%s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "�能打开 '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "仓库中缺少这些必备的�交："
+
+#: bundle.c:163 ref-filter.c:1462 sequencer.c:627 sequencer.c:1073
+#: builtin/blame.c:2755 builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/log.c:340
+#: builtin/log.c:863 builtin/log.c:1308 builtin/log.c:1633 builtin/log.c:1875
+#: builtin/merge.c:361 builtin/shortlog.c:170
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "版本�历设置失败"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包中�有这个引用："
+msgstr[1] "这个包中�有 %d 个引用："
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "这个包记录一个完整历�。"
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包需�这个引用："
+msgstr[1] "这个包需� %d 个引用："
+
+#: bundle.c:253
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "�能生� pack-objects 进程"
+
+#: bundle.c:264
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "pack-objects 终止"
+
+#: bundle.c:304
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list 终止"
+
+#: bundle.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "引用 '%s' 被 rev-list 选项排除"
+
+#: bundle.c:443 builtin/log.c:163 builtin/log.c:1538 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "未能识别的�数：%s"
+
+#: bundle.c:451
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "�能创建空包。"
+
+#: bundle.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建 '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:491
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "index-pack 终止"
+
+#: color.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "无效的颜色值：%.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40 builtin/am.c:437 builtin/am.c:473 builtin/am.c:1504
+#: builtin/am.c:2134
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "�能解� %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s �是一个�交!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "内存耗尽"
+
+#: config.c:475 config.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config line %d in %s %s"
+msgstr "%2$s %3$s 出错于第 %1$d 行"
+
+#: config.c:593
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s %s: %s"
+msgstr "%3$s %4$s 中�置�� '%2$s' 的数字�值 '%1$s' 设置错误: %5$s"
+
+#: config.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "�置�� '%2$s' 的数字�值 '%1$s' 设置错误: %3$s"
+
+#: config.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "无法扩展 '%s' 中的用户目录"
+
+#: config.c:761 config.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "错误的 zlib 压缩级别 %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "无效的对象创建模�：%s"
+
+#: config.c:1228
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "无法解�命令行中的�置"
+
+#: config.c:1284
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "在读��置文件时�到未知错误"
+
+#: config.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "无法解�命令行�置中的 '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "在文件 '%2$s' 的第 %3$d 行�现错误的�置�� '%1$s'"
+
+#: config.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s 有多个�值"
+
+#: config.c:2224
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not set '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "�能设置 '%s' 为 '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:2226
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not unset '%s'"
+msgstr "�能�消设置 '%s'"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "�能执行 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+msgid "failed write to rev-list"
+msgstr "无法写入 rev-list"
+
+#: connected.c:96
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin"
+msgstr "无法关闭 rev-list 的标准输入"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "在将�"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 秒钟�"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 秒钟�"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 分钟�"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 分钟�"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu �时�"
+msgstr[1] "%lu �时�"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 天�"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 天�"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 周�"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 周�"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 个月�"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 个月�"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu å¹´"
+msgstr[1] "%lu å¹´"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s %lu 个月�"
+msgstr[1] "%s %lu 个月�"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 年�"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 年�"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "无法读�排�文件 '%s'"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:538
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "正在进行�精确的�命�检测"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: diff.c:116
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  无法解� dirstat 截止（cut-off）百分比 '%s'\n"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: diff.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  未知的 dirstat �数 '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "�置�� 'diff.submodule' 未知的�值：'%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"�现�置�� 'diff.dirstat' 中的错误：\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3007
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "外部 diff 退出，�止在 %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3405
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow �数��跟一个 pathspec"
+
+#: diff.c:3568
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"无法解� --dirstat/-X 选项的�数：\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "无法解� --submodule 选项的�数：'%s'"
+
+#: dir.c:1823
+msgid "failed to get kernel name and information"
+msgstr "无法获得内核�称和信�"
+
+#: dir.c:1942
+msgid "Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location."
+msgstr "缓存未跟踪文件在本系统或�置中被�用。"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:166 gpg-interface.c:235
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "�能执行 gpg。"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:178
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg 没有接�数�"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:189
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg 无法为数�签�"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建临时文件 '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s'"
+msgstr "无法将分离�签�写入 '%s'"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s'：无法读� %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735 builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/diff.c:84 builtin/rm.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "无法枚举 '%s' 状�"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read"
+msgstr "'%s'：读��完整"
+
+#: help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "在 '%s' 下�用的 git 命令"
+
+#: help.c:212
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "在 $PATH 路径中的其他地方�用的 git 命令"
+
+#: help.c:244
+msgid "These are common Git commands used in various situations:"
+msgstr "这些是��场�常�的 Git 命令："
+
+#: help.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' �是一个 git 命令，但�无法�行。\n"
+"�能是 git-%s ��？"
+
+#: help.c:366
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "唉呀，您的系统中未�现 Git 命令。"
+
+#: help.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"警告：您�行一个�存在的 Git 命令 '%s'。继续执行�定您���行的\n"
+"是 '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "在 %0.1f 秒钟�自动�行..."
+
+#: help.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git：'%s' �是一个 git 命令。�� 'git --help'。"
+
+#: help.c:404 help.c:464
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"您指的是这个么？"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"您指的是这其中的�一个么？"
+
+#: help.c:460
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s：%s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another git process seems to be running in this repository, e.g.\n"
+"an editor opened by 'git commit'. Please make sure all processes\n"
+"are terminated then try again. If it still fails, a git process\n"
+"may have crashed in this repository earlier:\n"
+"remove the file manually to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"无法创建 '%s.lock'：%s。\n"
+"\n"
+"似乎�外一个 git 进程在这个仓库中�行，例如：'git commit' 命令打\n"
+"开了一个编辑器。请确认所有进程都已�关闭然��试。如果�然报错，\n"
+"�能之�有一个 git 进程在这个仓库中异常退出：\n"
+"手动删除这个文件�继续。"
+
+#: lockfile.c:160
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s"
+msgstr "�能创建 '%s.lock'：%s"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "无法读�缓存"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/am.c:2007 builtin/am.c:2042 builtin/checkout.c:375
+#: builtin/checkout.c:586 builtin/clone.c:732
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "（��交）\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "为路径 '%s' addinfo_cache 失败"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "无法创建树"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "无法创建路径 '%s'%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:700
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "删除 %s 以便为�目录留出空间\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:714 merge-recursive.c:735
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr "：�能是一个目录/文件冲�？"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "拒�丢弃 '%s' 中的未跟踪文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "�能读�对象 %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "%s '%s' 应为数�对象"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:790 builtin/clone.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "无法打开 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "无法创建符�链接 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "�知�如何处� %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:939
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "无法执行内部�并"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "�能添加 %s 至对象库"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:959
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "在树中有�支�的对象类型"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1034 merge-recursive.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"冲�（%1$s/删除）：%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除，在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
+"的版本被�留。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1040 merge-recursive.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"冲�（%1$s/删除）：%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除，在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
+"的版本�留于 %8$s 中。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "�命�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1094
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "�命�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1150
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s 是 %s 中的一个目录而以 %s 为�被添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"冲�（�命�/�命�）：在分支 \"%3$s\" 中�命� \"%1$s\"->\"%2$s\"，在分支 "
+"\"%6$s\" 中�命� \"%4$s\"->\"%5$s\"%7$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1177
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr "（留下未解决）"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1231
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"冲�（�命�/�命�）：在 %3$s 中�命� %1$s->%2$s，在 %6$s 中�命� %4$s->"
+"%5$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "而是�命� %s 至 %s，以� %s 至 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1460
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "冲�（�命�/添加）：在 %3$s 中�命� %1$s->%2$s。在 %5$s 中添加 %4$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "添加�并�的 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1475 merge-recursive.c:1677
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "而是以 %s 为�添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "�能读�对象 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "对象 %s �是一个数�对象"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "修改"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "修改"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1591
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "内容"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1598
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "添加/添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "略过 %s（已��过相��并）"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "自动�并 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1650 git-submodule.sh:941
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "�模组"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "冲�（%s）：�并冲�于 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "删除 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1762
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "文件/目录"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "目录/文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1773
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr "冲�（%1$s）：在 %3$s 中有一个�为 %2$s 的目录。以 %5$s 为�添加 %4$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "添加 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1798
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "严�的�并错误，�应�生。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1817
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "已�是最新的�"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "无法�并树 %s 和 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "未处�的路径??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "�并："
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1917
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "�现 %u 个共�祖先："
+msgstr[1] "�现 %u 个共�祖先："
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1954
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "�并未返回�交"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "�能解�对象 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2022 builtin/merge.c:649 builtin/merge.c:831
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "�能写入索引。"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "�能�交未�始化/未引用的注解树"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "�的 notes.rewriteMode 值：'%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "拒�� %s（在 refs/notes/ 之外）写入注解"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "�的 %s 值：'%s'"
+
+#: object.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "�能解�对象：%s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:572
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "用法：%s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "  或：%s"
+
+#  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
+#: parse-options.c:597
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:631
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-æ•°å­—"
+
+#: parse-options-cb.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "�法的对象� '%s'"
+
+#: path.c:796
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "�能设置 %s 为组�写"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "全局的 'glob' 和 'noglob' 路径规格设置�兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr "全局的 'literal' 路径规格设置和其它的全局路径规格设置�兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "路径规格包�无效的神奇�缀"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "在路径规格 '%3$s' 中无效的神奇�缀 '%2$.*1$s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "路径规格 '%s' 的神奇�缀结尾少了一个 ')'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "路径规格 '%2$s' 中包�未实现的神奇�缀 '%1$c'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s：'literal' 和 'glob' �兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s：'%s' 在仓库之外"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "路径规格 '%s' 在�模组 '%.*s' 中"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s：路径规格神奇�缀�被此命令支�：%s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:433
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "路径规格 '%s' �于符�链接中"
+
+#: pathspec.c:442
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"没有为 :(exclude) 模��供�忽略的内容。也许您忘记了\n"
+"添加 ':/' 或 '.' ？"
+
+#: pretty.c:971
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "�能解� --pretty 格�"
+
+#: progress.c:235
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "完�"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"设置了 index.version，但是�值无效。\n"
+"使用版本 %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"设置了 GIT_INDEX_VERSION，但是�值无效。\n"
+"使用版本 %i"
+
+#: refs.c:543 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:883 builtin/merge.c:985
+#: builtin/merge.c:995
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "无法打开 '%s' 进行写入"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2243
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete reference %s: %s"
+msgstr "无法删除引用 %s：%s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2246
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not delete references: %s"
+msgstr "无法删除引用：%s"
+
+#: refs/files-backend.c:2255
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not remove reference %s"
+msgstr "无法删除引用 %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(color:<color>)"
+msgstr "期望的格�：%%(color:<color>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"
+msgstr "未能识别的颜色：%%(color:%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized format: %%(%s)"
+msgstr "未能识别的格�：%%(%s)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(body) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(body) �带�数"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "%%(subject) does not take arguments"
+msgstr "%%(subject) �带�数"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive value expected contents:lines=%s"
+msgstr "�为 contents:lines=%s �供一个正数"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"
+msgstr "未能识别的 %%(contents) �数：%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"
+msgstr "未能识别的 %%(objectname) �数：%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+msgstr "期望的格�：%%(align:<width>,<position>)"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized position:%s"
+msgstr "未能识别的�置：%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized width:%s"
+msgstr "未能识别的宽度：%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"
+msgstr "未能识别的 %%(align) �数：%s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"
+msgstr "元素 %%(align) 需�一个正数的宽度"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "�法的字段�：%.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown field name: %.*s"
+msgstr "未知的字段�：%.*s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"
+msgstr "格�：使用了 %%(end) 元素�没有它的对应元素"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed format string %s"
+msgstr "�法的格�化字符串 %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:878
+msgid ":strip= requires a positive integer argument"
+msgstr ":strip= 需�一个正整型�数"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:883
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"
+msgstr "引用 '%s' 未�供用于 :strip 的 %ld 个组件"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown %.*s format %s"
+msgstr "未知的 %.*s 格� %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1066 ref-filter.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing object %s for %s"
+msgstr "缺失 %2$s 的对象 %1$s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1069 ref-filter.c:1100
+#, c-format
+msgid "parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"
+msgstr "parse_object_buffer 失败于 %2$s 的 %1$s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1311
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "�法的对象于 '%s'"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1373
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring ref with broken name %s"
+msgstr "忽略带有错误�称 %s 的引用"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1378
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring broken ref %s"
+msgstr "忽略��的引用 %s"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "format: %%(end) atom missing"
+msgstr "格�：缺少 %%(end) 元素"
+
+#: ref-filter.c:1705
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "�法的对象� %s"
+
+#: remote.c:746
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "�能�时获� %s 和 %s 至 %s"
+
+#: remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s 通常跟踪 %s，而� %s"
+
+#: remote.c:754
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s �时跟踪 %s 和 %s"
+
+#: remote.c:762
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "内部错误"
+
+#: remote.c:1678 remote.c:1721
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD 没有指�一个分支"
+
+#: remote.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此分支：'%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "no upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "尚未给分支 '%s' 设置上游"
+
+#: remote.c:1696
+#, c-format
+msgid "upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "上游分支 '%s' 没有存储为一个远程跟踪分支"
+
+#: remote.c:1711
+#, c-format
+msgid "push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"
+msgstr "推�目标 '%s' 至远程 '%s' 没有本地跟踪分支"
+
+#: remote.c:1726
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 没有设置�推�的远程�务器"
+
+#: remote.c:1737
+#, c-format
+msgid "push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"
+msgstr "� '%s' 推�引用规格未包� '%s'"
+
+#: remote.c:1750
+msgid "push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"
+msgstr "推�无目标（push.default 是 'nothing'）"
+
+#: remote.c:1772
+msgid "cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"
+msgstr "无法解� 'simple' 推�至一个�独的目标"
+
+#: remote.c:2074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "您的分支基于 '%s'，但此上游分支已��存在。\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2078
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git branch --unset-upstream\" �修�）\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2081
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "您的分支与上游分支 '%s' 一致。\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2085
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个�交。\n"
+msgstr[1] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个�交。\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2091
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git push\" ��布您的本地�交）\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2094
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] "您的分支�� '%s' 共 %d 个�交，并且�以快进。\n"
+msgstr[1] "您的分支�� '%s' 共 %d 个�交，并且�以快进。\n"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: remote.c:2102
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git pull\" �更新您的本地分支）\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2105
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"您的分支和 '%s' 出现了�离，\n"
+"并且分别有 %d 和 %d 处��的�交。\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"您的分支和 '%s' 出现了�离，\n"
+"并且分别有 %d 和 %d 处��的�交。\n"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: remote.c:2115
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git pull\" ��并远程分支）\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2142
+msgid "your current branch appears to be broken"
+msgstr "您的当�分支好�被��"
+
+#: revision.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"
+msgstr "您的当�分支 '%s' 尚无任何�交"
+
+#: revision.c:2339
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent 与 --bisect �兼容"
+
+#: run-command.c:92
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "�能打开 /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "�能调用 dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: send-pack.c:295
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "无法为推��书签�"
+
+#: send-pack.c:404
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "接收端�支�签�推�"
+
+#: send-pack.c:406
+msgid ""
+"not sending a push certificate since the receiving end does not support --"
+"signed push"
+msgstr "未��推��书，因为接收端�支�签�推�"
+
+#: send-pack.c:418
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "接收端�支�原�推�"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"冲�解决完毕�，用 'git add <路径>' 或 'git rm <路径>'\n"
+"命令标记修正�的文件"
+
+#: sequencer.c:177
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"冲�解决完毕�，用 'git add <路径>' 或 'git rm <路径>'\n"
+"对修正�的文件�标记，然�用 'git commit' �交"
+
+#: sequencer.c:190 sequencer.c:833 sequencer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "�能写入 %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "错误收尾 %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "您的本地修改将被拣选�作覆盖。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:210
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "您的本地修改将被还原�作覆盖。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:213
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "�交您的修改或�存进度��继续。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s：无法写入新索引文件"
+
+#: sequencer.c:318
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "�能解� HEAD �交\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:338
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "�能更新缓存\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:390
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "�能解��交 %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "�能解�父�交 %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:460
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "您的索引文件未完��并。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "�交 %s 是一个�并�交但未�供 -m 选项。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "�交 %s 没有父�交 %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "指定了主线但�交 %s �是一个�并。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s：�能解�父�交 %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:508
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "�能得到 %s 的�交说明"
+
+#: sequencer.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "�能还原 %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:595
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "�能应用 %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:630
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "�供了空的�交集"
+
+#: sequencer.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s：无法读�索引"
+
+#: sequencer.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s：无法刷新索引"
+
+#: sequencer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "无法 %s 在一个 %s 过程中"
+
+#: sequencer.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "�能解�第 %d 行。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:729
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "没有�交被解�。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "�能打开 %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:745
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "�能读� %s。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "无用的指令表�：%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "无效键�：%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:785 builtin/pull.c:50 builtin/pull.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "%s 的值无效：%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "�法的选项表�：%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:814
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "一个拣选或还原�作已在进行"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "�试 \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "�能创建�列目录 %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:835 sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "错误收尾 %s。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:854 sequencer.c:986
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "拣选或还原�作并未进行"
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "�能解� HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:858
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "�能从尚未建立的分支终止"
+
+#: sequencer.c:878 builtin/fetch.c:610 builtin/fetch.c:851
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s"
+msgstr "�能打开 %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:880
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "�能读� %s：%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:881
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "�外的文件结�"
+
+#: sequencer.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "�存拣选�交�的 HEAD 文件 '%s' ��"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "�能格�化 %s。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1054
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s：�能拣选一个%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1057
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s：错误的版本"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1091
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "�能作为�始�交还原"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "�能拣选到空分支"
+
+#: setup.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read %s"
+msgstr "无法读� %s"
+
+#: setup.c:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"
+msgstr "期望 git 仓库版本 <= %d，�得到 %d"
+
+#: setup.c:476
+msgid "unknown repository extensions found:"
+msgstr "�现未知的仓库扩展："
+
+#: sha1_file.c:1080
+msgid "offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"
+msgstr "�移�在包文件结�之�（��的 .idx？）"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2458
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"
+msgstr "�移�在 %s 的包索引开始之�（��的索引？）"
+
+#: sha1_file.c:2462
+#, c-format
+msgid "offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"
+msgstr "�移�越过了 %s 的包索引的结尾（被截断的索引？）"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:462
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git 通常�会创建一个以40��六进制字符命�的引用，因为当你�供40�\n"
+"�六进制字符时将被忽略。�过这些引用也�能被错误地创建。例如：\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"当 \"$br\" 空白时一个40��六进制的引用将被创建。请检查这些引用，\n"
+"�能需�删除它们。用 \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"\n"
+"命令关闭本消�通知。"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr "无法修改未�并的 .gitmodules，先解决�并冲�"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "无法在 .gitmodules 中找到 path=%s 的�节"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "�能更新 .gitmodules �目 %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "无法移除 %s 的 .gitmodules �目"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "将更新� .gitmodules 添加暂存区失败"
+
+#: submodule.c:177
+msgid "negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"
+msgstr "submodule.fetchJobs ��许为负值"
+
+#: submodule-config.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid value for %s"
+msgstr "%s 的值无效"
+
+#: trailer.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "running trailer command '%s' failed"
+msgstr "执行 trailer 命令 '%s' 失败"
+
+#: trailer.c:492 trailer.c:496 trailer.c:500 trailer.c:554 trailer.c:558
+#: trailer.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "键 '%2$s' 的未知�值 '%1$s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:544 trailer.c:549 builtin/remote.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "多于一个 %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "签� '%.*s' 的键为空"
+
+#: trailer.c:702
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "�能读�输入文件 '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:705
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "�能自标准输入读�"
+
+#: trailer.c:857 builtin/am.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not stat %s"
+msgstr "�能获� %s 的文件状�"
+
+#: trailer.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not a regular file"
+msgstr "文件 %s �是一个正规文件"
+
+#: trailer.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "file %s is not writable by user"
+msgstr "文件 %s 用户��写"
+
+#: trailer.c:873
+msgid "could not open temporary file"
+msgstr "�能打开临时文件"
+
+#: trailer.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not rename temporary file to %s"
+msgstr "�能�命�临时文件为 %s"
+
+#: transport-helper.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read ref %s"
+msgstr "�能读�引用 %s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"您对下列文件的本地修改将被检出�作覆盖：\n"
+"%%s请在切�分支��交您的修改或者�存进度。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"您对下列文件的本地修改将被检出�作覆盖：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"您对下列文件的本地修改将被�并�作覆盖：\n"
+"%%s请在�并��交您的修改或者�存进度。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"您对下列文件的本地修改将被�并�作覆盖：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:74
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease commit your changes or stash them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"您对下列文件的本地修改将被 %s 覆盖：\n"
+"%%s请在 %s 之��交您的修改或者�存进度。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"您对下列文件的本地修改将被 %s 覆盖：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"更新如下目录将会丢失其中未跟踪的文件：\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为检出�作而被删除：\n"
+"%%s请在切�分支之�移动或删除。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为检出�作而被删除：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为�并�作而被删除：\n"
+"%%s请在�并�移动或删除。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为�并�作而被删除：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为 %s �作而被删除：\n"
+"%%s请在 %s �移动或删除。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为 %s �作而被删除：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can switch branches."
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为检出�作而被覆盖：\n"
+"%%s请在切�分支�移动或删除。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by "
+"checkout:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为检出�作而被覆盖：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为�并�作而被覆盖：\n"
+"%%s请在�并�移动或删除。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为�并�作而被覆盖：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%sPlease move or remove them before you can %s."
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为 %s �作而被覆盖：\n"
+"%%s请在 %s �移动或删除。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n"
+"%%s"
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列未跟踪的文件将会因为 %s �作而被覆盖：\n"
+"%%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind."
+msgstr "�目 '%s' 和 '%s' ��。无法�并。"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"无法更新稀�检出：如下�目�是最新：\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列文件将会因为稀�检出而被覆盖：\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout "
+"update:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"工作区中下列文件将会因为稀�检出而被删除：\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting\n"
+msgstr "终止中\n"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:237
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "正在检出文件"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "无效的 URL 方案�称或丢失 '://' �缀"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "无效的 %XX 转义�列"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "缺失主机�且 URL 方案�是 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "一个 'file:' URL �应该包�端��"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "主机�中包�无效的字符"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "无效的端��"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "无效的 '..' 路径片段"
+
+#: wrapper.c:222 wrapper.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading and writing"
+msgstr "无法打开 '%s' 进行读写"
+
+#: wrapper.c:224 wrapper.c:383 builtin/am.c:779
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "无法打开 '%s' 进行写入"
+
+#: wrapper.c:226 wrapper.c:385 builtin/am.c:323 builtin/am.c:772
+#: builtin/am.c:860 builtin/commit.c:1711 builtin/merge.c:1086
+#: builtin/pull.c:407
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "无法打开 '%s' 进行读�"
+
+#: wrapper.c:594 wrapper.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "�能访问 '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:623
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "�能获�当�工作目录"
+
+#: wrapper.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open %s for writing"
+msgstr "�能写入 %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:661 builtin/am.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write to %s"
+msgstr "�能写入 %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close %s"
+msgstr "�能关闭 %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "未�并的路径："
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git reset %s <文件>...\" 以�消暂存）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rm --cached <文件>...\" 以�消暂存）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git add <文件>...\" 标记解决方案）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  （酌情使用 \"git add/rm <文件>...\" 标记解决方案）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rm <文件>...\" 标记解决方案）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:881
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "��交的�更："
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:890
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "尚未暂存以备�交的�更："
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git add <文件>...\" 更新��交的内容）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git add/rm <文件>...\" 更新��交的内容）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git checkout -- <文件>...\" 丢弃工作区的改动）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr "  （�交或丢弃�模组中未跟踪或修改的内容）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git %s <文件>...\" 以包���交的内容）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "�方删除："
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "由我们添加："
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "由他们删除："
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "由他们添加："
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "由我们删除："
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "�方添加："
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "�方修改："
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "bug：无法处�的未�并状� %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "新文件："
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "拷�："
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "删除："
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "修改："
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "�命�："
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "类型�更："
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "未知："
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "未�并："
+
+#  译者：末尾两个字节�能被删�，如果翻译为中文标点会出现�个汉字
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "新�交, "
+
+#  译者：末尾两个字节�能被删�，如果翻译为中文标点会出现�个汉字
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "修改的内容, "
+
+#  译者：末尾两个字节�能被删�，如果翻译为中文标点会出现�个汉字
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "未跟踪的内容, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "bug：无法处�的差异状� %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "�模组已修改但尚未更新："
+
+#: wt-status.c:757
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "��交的�模组�更："
+
+#: wt-status.c:838
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"��改动上�的一行。\n"
+"下�的所有内容�将被删除。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "您有尚未�并的路径。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲�并�行 \"git commit\"）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:956
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "所有冲�已解决但您�处于�并中。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:959
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git commit\" 结��并）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:969
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "您正处于 am �作过程中。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "当�的补�为空。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲�，然��行 \"git am --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git am --skip\" 跳过此补�）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git am --abort\" ��原有分支）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "No commands done."
+msgstr "没有命令被执行。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Last command done (%d command done):"
+msgid_plural "Last commands done (%d commands done):"
+msgstr[0] "最�一�命令已完�（%d �命令被执行）："
+msgstr[1] "最�的命令已完�（%d �命令被执行）："
+
+#: wt-status.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (see more in file %s)"
+msgstr "  （更多��文件 %s）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "No commands remaining."
+msgstr "未剩下任何命令。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Next command to do (%d remaining command):"
+msgid_plural "Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):"
+msgstr[0] "接下��执行的命令（剩余 %d �命令）："
+msgstr[1] "接下��执行的命令（剩余 %d �命令）："
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1135
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rebase --edit-todo\" �查看和编辑）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您在执行将分支 '%s' �基到 '%s' 的�作。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1153
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "您在执行�基�作。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1167
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲�，然��行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1169
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rebase --skip\" 跳过此补�）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1171
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rebase --abort\" 以检出原有分支）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1177
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （所有冲�已解决：�行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您在执行将分支 '%s' �基到 '%s' 的�作时拆分�交。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "您在执行�基�作时拆分�交。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （一旦您工作目录�交干净�，�行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1193
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您在执行将分支 '%s' �基到 '%s' 的�作时编辑�交。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1198
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "您在执行�基�作时编辑�交。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1201
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git commit --amend\" 修补当��交）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1203
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  （当您对您的修改满��执行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1213
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "您在执行拣选�交 %s 的�作。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1218
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲�并�行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （所有冲�已解决：�行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1223
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git cherry-pick --abort\" 以�消拣选�作）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "您在执行�转�交 %s 的�作。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲�并�行 \"git revert --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （所有冲�已解决：�行 \"git revert --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1242
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git revert --abort\" 以�消�转�交�作）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "您在执行从分支 '%s' 开始的二分查找�作。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "您在执行二分查找�作。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git bisect reset\" 以回到原有分支）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1460
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "�于分支 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1466
+msgid "interactive rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "交互��基�作正在进行中；至 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "�基�作正在进行中；至 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "头指针分离于 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1475
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "头指针分离自 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1478
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "当��在任何分支上。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1496
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "�始�交"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1510
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "未跟踪的文件"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1512
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "忽略的文件"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"耗费了 %.2f 秒以枚举未跟踪的文件。'status -uno' 也许能�高速度，\n"
+"但您需��心��忘了添加新文件（�� 'git help status'）。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "未跟踪的文件没有列出%s"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1524
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr "（使用 -u �数显示未跟踪的文件）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1530
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "没有修改"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入�交（使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\"）\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入�交\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr "�交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件（使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1544
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "�交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件\n"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "无文件��交（创建/拷�文件并使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1550 wt-status.c:1555
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "无文件��交\n"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1553
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "无文件��交（使用 -u 显示未跟踪的文件）\n"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1557
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "无文件��交，干净的工作区\n"
+
+#  译者：注����尾空格
+#: wt-status.c:1664
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "�始�交于 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1668
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD（�分支）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1697
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "丢失"
+
+#  译者：注����尾空格
+#: wt-status.c:1699 wt-status.c:1707
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "�� "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1702 wt-status.c:1705
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "领先 "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:57 builtin/clone.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "无法删除 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<选项>] [--] <路径规格>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "�外的差异状� %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:280
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "更新文件失败"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "删除 '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "刷新索引之�尚未被暂存的�更："
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:811
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "�能读�索引"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "无法打开 '%s' 进行写入。"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "�能生�补�"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:212
+msgid "editing patch failed"
+msgstr "编辑补�失败"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "�能查看文件状� '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:217
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "空补�。异常终止。"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "�能应用 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:232
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "下列路径根�您的一个 .gitignore 文件而被忽略：\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/clean.c:870 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/mv.c:111
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/pull.c:197 builtin/push.c:511
+#: builtin/remote.c:1332 builtin/rm.c:268 builtin/send-pack.c:162
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "演习"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:250 builtin/apply.c:4563 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1333 builtin/count-objects.c:85 builtin/fsck.c:557
+#: builtin/log.c:1826 builtin/mv.c:110 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "冗长输出"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "交互�拣选"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:1154 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "交互�挑选数��"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "编辑当�差异并应用"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "�许添加忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "更新已跟踪的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "�记录，该路径���添加"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:258
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "添加所有改�的已跟踪文件和未跟踪文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:261
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "忽略工作区中移除的路径（和 --no-all 相�）"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "�添加，�刷新索引"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "跳过因出错�能添加的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:265
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "检查在演习模�下文件（�使�存在）是�被忽略"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "使用 -f �数如果您确实�添加它们。\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:294
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "添加文件失败"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:330
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A 和 -u 选项互斥"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "选项 --ignore-missing �能和 --dry-run �时使用"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "没有指定文件，也没有文件被添加。\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "也许您想�执行 'git add .'？\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:914
+#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:298
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:240
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "索引文件��"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:439 builtin/apply.c:4661 builtin/mv.c:283 builtin/rm.c:430
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "无法写入新索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:256 builtin/commit.c:749 builtin/merge.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "�能读� '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:430
+msgid "could not parse author script"
+msgstr "�能解�作者脚本"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' was deleted by the applypatch-msg hook"
+msgstr "'%s' 被 applypatch-msg 钩�删除"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:548 builtin/notes.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "�法的输入行：'%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:585 builtin/notes.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "从 '%s' 拷�注解到 '%s' 时失败"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:611
+msgid "fseek failed"
+msgstr "fseek 失败"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse patch '%s'"
+msgstr "无法解�补� '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:853
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "一次�能有一个 StGIT 补�队列被应用"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:900
+msgid "invalid timestamp"
+msgstr "无效的时间戳"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:903 builtin/am.c:911
+msgid "invalid Date line"
+msgstr "无效的日期行"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:908
+msgid "invalid timezone offset"
+msgstr "无效的时区�移值"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:995
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "补�格�检测失败。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1000 builtin/clone.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "无法创建目录 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1004
+msgid "Failed to split patches."
+msgstr "无法拆分补�。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1136 builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "无法写入索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "When you have resolved this problem, run \"%s --continue\"."
+msgstr "当您解决这一问题，执行 \"%s --continue\"。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1188
+#, c-format
+msgid "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"%s --skip\" instead."
+msgstr "如果您想�跳过这一补�，则执行 \"%s --skip\"。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1189
+#, c-format
+msgid "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"%s --abort\"."
+msgstr "若��原至原始分支并�止补��作，执行 \"%s --abort\"。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1327
+msgid "Patch is empty. Was it split wrong?"
+msgstr "补�为空。是�是切分错误？"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1401 builtin/log.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "包�无效的身份标识：%s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse commit %s"
+msgstr "�能解��交 %s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1630
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr "仓库缺�必�的数�对象以进行三方�并。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1632
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "使用索引��建一个（三方�并的）基础目录树..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1651
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"您是�曾手动编辑过您的补�？\n"
+"无法应用补�到索引中的数�对象上。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1657
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "回�到基础版本上打补��进行三方�并..."
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1672
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "无法�并�更。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1696 builtin/merge.c:636
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree 无法写入一树对象"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1703
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "正应用到一个空历�上"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1716 builtin/commit.c:1775 builtin/merge.c:841
+#: builtin/merge.c:866
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "无法写�交对象"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1748 builtin/am.c:1752
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot resume: %s does not exist."
+msgstr "无法继续：%s �存在。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1768
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr "标准输入没有和终端关�，�能进行交互��作。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1773
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "�交内容为："
+
+#  译者：注����尾空格
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#.
+#: builtin/am.c:1783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all: "
+msgstr "应用？是[y]/�[n]/编辑[e]/查看补�[v]/应用所有[a]："
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: %s)"
+msgstr "�索引：�能应用补�（�文件：%s）"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1868 builtin/am.c:1940
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying: %.*s"
+msgstr "应用：%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1884
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "没有�更 —— 补�已�应用过。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1892
+#, c-format
+msgid "Patch failed at %s %.*s"
+msgstr "打补�失败于 %s %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1898
+#, c-format
+msgid "The copy of the patch that failed is found in: %s"
+msgstr "失败的补�文件副本�于：%s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1943
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"没有�更 —— 您是�是忘了执行 'git add'？\n"
+"如果没有什么�添加到暂存区的，则很�能是其它�交已�引入了相�的�更。\n"
+"您也许想�跳过这个补�。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:1950
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index.\n"
+"Did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"您的索引中�有未�并的路径。\n"
+"您是�忘了执行 'git add'？"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2058 builtin/am.c:2062 builtin/am.c:2074 builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "�能解�对象 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2110
+msgid "failed to clean index"
+msgstr "无法清空索引"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2144
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr "您好�在上一次 'am' 失败�移动了 HEAD。未回退至 ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for --patch-format: %s"
+msgstr "无效的 --patch-format 值：%s"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2238
+msgid "git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+msgstr "git am [<选项>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2239
+msgid "git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+msgstr "git am [<选项>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2245
+msgid "run interactively"
+msgstr "以交互�方��行"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2247
+msgid "historical option -- no-op"
+msgstr "�的�数 —— 无作用"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2249
+msgid "allow fall back on 3way merging if needed"
+msgstr "如果必�，�许使用三方�并。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2250 builtin/init-db.c:478 builtin/prune-packed.c:57
+#: builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "�默模�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2252
+msgid "add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message"
+msgstr "在�交说明中添加一个 Signed-off-by 签�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2255
+msgid "recode into utf8 (default)"
+msgstr "使用 utf8 字符集（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2257
+msgid "pass -k flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "� git-mailinfo 传递 -k �数"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2259
+msgid "pass -b flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "� git-mailinfo 传递 -b �数"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2261
+msgid "pass -m flag to git-mailinfo"
+msgstr "� git-mailinfo 传递 -m �数"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2263
+msgid "pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format"
+msgstr "针对 mbox 格�，� git-mailsplit 传递 --keep-cr �数"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2266
+msgid "do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr"
+msgstr "�� git-mailsplit 传递 --keep-cr �数，覆盖 am.keepcr 的设置"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2269
+msgid "strip everything before a scissors line"
+msgstr "丢弃�切线�的所有内容"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2270 builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "动作"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2271 builtin/am.c:2274 builtin/am.c:2277 builtin/am.c:2280
+#: builtin/am.c:2283 builtin/am.c:2286 builtin/am.c:2289 builtin/am.c:2292
+#: builtin/am.c:2298
+msgid "pass it through git-apply"
+msgstr "传递给 git-apply"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2279 builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "根目录"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2282 builtin/am.c:2285 builtin/apply.c:4508
+#: builtin/apply.c:4511 builtin/clone.c:90 builtin/fetch.c:95
+#: builtin/pull.c:179 builtin/submodule--helper.c:277
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:404 builtin/submodule--helper.c:485
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:488 builtin/submodule--helper.c:767
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:770
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "路径"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2288 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+#: builtin/grep.c:706 builtin/merge.c:199 builtin/pull.c:134
+#: builtin/pull.c:193 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:645 builtin/show-ref.c:175 builtin/tag.c:340
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:134 parse-options.h:244
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2291 builtin/apply.c:4514
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "æ•°å­—"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2294 builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/replace.c:438
+#: builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "格�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2295
+msgid "format the patch(es) are in"
+msgstr "补�的格�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2301
+msgid "override error message when patch failure occurs"
+msgstr "打补�失败时显示的错误信�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2303
+msgid "continue applying patches after resolving a conflict"
+msgstr "冲�解决�继续应用补�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2306
+msgid "synonyms for --continue"
+msgstr "和 --continue �义"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2309
+msgid "skip the current patch"
+msgstr "跳过当�补�"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2312
+msgid "restore the original branch and abort the patching operation."
+msgstr "��原始分支并终止打补��作。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2316
+msgid "lie about committer date"
+msgstr "将作者日期作为�交日期"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2318
+msgid "use current timestamp for author date"
+msgstr "用当�时间作为作者日期"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2320 builtin/commit.c:1609 builtin/merge.c:228
+#: builtin/pull.c:164 builtin/revert.c:92 builtin/tag.c:355
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "key-id"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2321
+msgid "GPG-sign commits"
+msgstr "使用 GPG 签��交"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2324
+msgid "(internal use for git-rebase)"
+msgstr "（内部使用，用于 git-rebase）"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2339
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"�数 -b/--binary 已�很长时间��任何实质�作了，并且将被移除。\n"
+"请���使用它了。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2346
+msgid "failed to read the index"
+msgstr "无法读�索引"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2361
+#, c-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory %s still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "之�的�基目录 %s �然存在，但��供了 mbox。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2385
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray %s directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"�现了错误的 %s 目录。\n"
+"使用 \"git am --abort\" 删除它。"
+
+#: builtin/am.c:2391
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "解决�作未进行，我们�会继续。"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<选项>] [<补�>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "未能识别的空白字符选项 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:126
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "未能识别的空白字符忽略选项 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "无法准备时间戳正则表达� %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec 返回 %d，输入为：%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:908
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "�能在补�的第 %d 行找到文件�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 应为 /dev/null，但在第 %2$d 行得到 %1$s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行上新文件��一致"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行上旧文件��一致"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行处应为 /dev/null"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount：�外的行：%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "第 %d 行的补�片段没有头信�：%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1480
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] "当移除 %d 个�导路径� git diff 头缺�文件�信�（第 %d 行）"
+msgstr[1] "当移除 %d 个�导路径� git diff 头缺�文件�信�（第 %d 行）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1646
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "新文件�赖旧内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1648
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "删除的文件�有内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1674
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "补�在第 %d 行��"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1710
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "新文件 %s �赖旧内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "删除的文件 %s �有内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1715
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** 警告：文件 %s �为空文件但并未删除"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1861
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "二进制补�在第 %d 行��：%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1895
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "未能识别的二进制补��于第 %d 行"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "补�文件的第 %d 行�有垃圾数�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2138
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "无法读�符�链接 %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2142
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "�能打开或读� %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "无效的行首字符：'%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "� #%d �功应用于 %d（�移 %d 行）"
+msgstr[1] "� #%d �功应用于 %d（�移 %d 行）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2906
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "上下文�少到（%ld/%ld）以在第 %d 行应用补�片段"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2912
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"当查询：\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2932
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "缺失 '%s' 的二进制补�数�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3033
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "二进制补�未应用到 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3039
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "到 '%s' 的二进制补�产生了�正确的结果（应为 %s，�为 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "打补�失败：%s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3184
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "�能检出 %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3229 builtin/apply.c:3240 builtin/apply.c:3285
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "读� %s 失败"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3237
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "读��于符�链接中的 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265 builtin/apply.c:3487
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "路径 %s 已�被�命�/删除"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3346 builtin/apply.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s：�存在于索引中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3350 builtin/apply.c:3493 builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s：%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3355 builtin/apply.c:3509
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s：和索引�匹�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3457
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "移除补��留下了文件内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s：错误类型"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s 的类型是 %o，应为 %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3687 builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "无效路径 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3744
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s：已�存在于索引中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s：已�存在于工作区中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "%2$s 的新模�（%1$o）和旧模�（%3$o）�匹�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3772
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "%2$s 的新模�（%1$o）和 %4$s 的旧模�（%3$o）�匹�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3792
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "�影�的文件 '%s' �于符�链接中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3796
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s：补�未应用"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "检查补� %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3903 builtin/checkout.c:233 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "对路径 '%s' 的 make_cache_entry �作失败"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4046
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "�能从索引中移除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4075
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "�模组 %s ��的补�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4079
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "�能枚举新建文件 '%s' 的状�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "�能为新建文件 %s 创建�端存储"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087 builtin/apply.c:4195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "无法为 %s 添加缓存�目"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "关闭文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4169
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "�能写文件 '%s' �� %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "�功应用补� %s。"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4264
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "内部错误"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "应用 %%s 个补�，其中 %d 个被拒�..."
+msgstr[1] "应用 %%s 个补�，其中 %d 个被拒�..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4277
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "截短 .rej 文件�为 %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4285
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "�能打开 %s：%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4298
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "第 #%d 个片段�功应用。"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "拒�第 #%d 个片段。"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped patch '%s'."
+msgstr "略过补� '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "未能识别的输入"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "无法读�索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4509
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "��应用与给出路径�匹�的�更"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4512
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "应用与给出路径�匹�的�更"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4515
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "从传统的 diff 路径中移除指定数�的�导斜线"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4518
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "忽略补�中的添加的文件"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4520
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "�应用补�，而是显示输入的差异统计（diffstat）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4524
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "以�进制数显示添加和删除的行数"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "�应用补�，而是显示输入的概�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "�应用补�，而是查看补�是��应用"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4530
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "确认补��以应用到当�索引"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "应用补�而�修改工作区"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "接�修改工作区之外文件的补�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4536
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "还应用此补�（与 --stat/--summary/--check 选项�时使用）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "如果一个补��能应用则�试三方�并"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "创建一个临时索引基于嵌入的索引信�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4543 builtin/checkout-index.c:169 builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "路径以 NUL 字符分隔"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4545
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "确�至少匹� <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4547
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "检查新增和修改的行中间的空白字符滥用"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550 builtin/apply.c:4553
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "查找上下文时忽略空白字符的�更"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "��应用补�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4558
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "无需至少一行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "将拒�的补�片段�存在对应的 *.rej 文件中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4562
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "�许��的补�片段"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4565
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "�许�正确的文件末尾�行符"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4568
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "�信任补�片段的头信�中的行�"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4571
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "为所有文件��添加 <根目录>"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4593
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way 在一个仓库之外"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4601
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index 在一个仓库之外"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4604
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached 在一个仓库之外"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4623
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "�能打开补� '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "抑制下�有 %d 个空白字符误用"
+msgstr[1] "抑制下�有 %d 个空白字符误用"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4643 builtin/apply.c:4653
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d 行有空白字符误用。"
+msgstr[1] "%d 行有空白字符误用。"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建归档文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "�能�定�输出"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive：未�供远程 URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive：应为 ACK/NACK，�得到 EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive：NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "远程错误：%s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive：�议错误"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive：应为刷新"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "执行 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "更新 BISECT_HEAD 而�检出当��交"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:33
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>"
+msgstr "git blame [<选项>] [<版本选项>] [<版本>] [--] <文件>"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:38
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<版本选项> 的文档记录在 git-rev-list(1) 中"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:1782
+msgid "Blaming lines"
+msgstr "追踪代�行"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2531
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "增��地显示�现的 blame �目"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2532
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "边界�交显示空的 SHA-1（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2533
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "�把根�交作为边界（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2534
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "显示命令消耗统计"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2535
+msgid "Force progress reporting"
+msgstr "强制进度显示"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2536
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "显示判断 blame �目�移的得分诊断信�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2537
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "显示原始文件�（默认：自动）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2538
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示原始的行�（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2539
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "显示为一个适�机器读�的格�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2540
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "为�一行显示机器适用的�交信�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2541
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "使用和 git-annotate 相�的输出模�（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2542
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示原始时间戳（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2543
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示长的 SHA1 �交�（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2544
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "��作者�字和时间戳（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2545
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示作者的邮箱而�是�字（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2546
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "忽略空白差异"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2547
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "花费�外的循环�找到更好的匹�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2548
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "使用�自 <文件> 的修订集而�是调用 git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2549
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "使用 <文件> 的内容作为最终的图片"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550 builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "得分"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2550
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "找到文件内�跨文件的行拷�"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2551
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "找到文件内�跨文件的行移动"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2552
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "�处�行范围在 n 和 m 之间的，从 1 开始"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2641
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4 年 11 个月�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] [-l] [-f] <分支�> [<起始点>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:28
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] [-r] (-d | -D) <分支�>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:29
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] (-m | -M) [<旧分支>] <新分支>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:30
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]"
+
+#  译者：��原�行格�，在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串�长
+#: builtin/branch.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"将�删除的分支 '%s' 已�被�并到\n"
+"         '%s'，但未�并到 HEAD。"
+
+#  译者：��原�行格�，在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串�长
+#: builtin/branch.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"并未删除分支 '%s'， 虽然它已��并到 HEAD，\n"
+"         然而�尚未被�并到分支 '%s' 。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "无法查询 '%s' 指�的�交对象"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"分支 '%s' 没有完全�并。\n"
+"如果您确认�删除它，执行 'git branch -D %s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:178
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:206
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "�能将 -a 和 -d �时使用"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:212
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "无法查询 HEAD 指�的�交对象"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete branch '%s' checked out at '%s'"
+msgstr "无法删除检出于 '%2$s' 的分支 '%1$s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote-tracking branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "未能找到远程跟踪分支 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:242
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 未�现。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote-tracking branch '%s'"
+msgstr "无法删除远程跟踪分支 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "无法删除分支 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote-tracking branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "已删除远程跟踪分支 %s（曾为 %s）。\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "已删除分支 %s（曾为 %s）。\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: 丢失]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s：�� %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[�� %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s：领先 %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[领先 %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s：领先 %d，�� %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[领先 %d，�� %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:346
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** 无效引用 ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "（�分支，正�基 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "（�分支，二分查找开始于 %s）"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached at " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "（头指针分离于 %s）"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: make sure this matches
+#. "HEAD detached from " in wt-status.c
+#: builtin/branch.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "（头指针分离自 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:390
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "（�分支）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being rebased at %s"
+msgstr "分支 %s 正被�基到 %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s is being bisected at %s"
+msgstr "分支 %s 正被二分查找于 %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:560
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "无法�命�当�分支因为�处于任何分支上。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:570
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "无效的分支�：'%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "分支�命�失败"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "�命�掉一个错误命�的旧分支 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "分支�命�为 %s，但 HEAD 没有更新�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:601
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "分支被�命�，但更新 config 文件失败"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+msgid "could not write branch description template"
+msgstr "�能写分支�述模版"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:651
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "通用选项"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "显示哈希值和主题，若�数出现两次则显示上游分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "�显示信�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:655
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "设置跟踪模�（�� git-pull(1)）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:657
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "改�上游信�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "upstream"
+msgstr "上游"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:659
+msgid "change the upstream info"
+msgstr "改�上游信�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:661
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "使用彩色输出"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:662
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "作用于远程跟踪分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:664 builtin/branch.c:665
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "�打�包�该�交的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "具体的 git-branch 动作："
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "列出远程跟踪�本地分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:671
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "删除完全�并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:672
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "删除分支（�使没有�并）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:673
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "移动/�命�一个分支，以�它的引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:674
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "移动/�命�一个分支，�使目标已存在"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "列出分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:676
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "创建分支的引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "标记分支的�述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:679
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "强制创建�移动/�命��删除"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:680
+msgid "print only branches that are merged"
+msgstr "�打�已��并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:681
+msgid "print only branches that are not merged"
+msgstr "�打�尚未�并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方�显示分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:683 builtin/for-each-ref.c:38 builtin/tag.c:366
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "key"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:684 builtin/for-each-ref.c:39 builtin/tag.c:367
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "排�的字段�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:686 builtin/for-each-ref.c:41 builtin/notes.c:401
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:369
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "对象"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:687
+msgid "print only branches of the object"
+msgstr "�打�指�该对象的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:705
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "无法将 HEAD 解�为有效引用。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:709 builtin/clone.c:707
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD 没有�于 /refs/heads 之下�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:729
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column 和 --verbose �兼容"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740 builtin/branch.c:782
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "必须�供分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:758
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "�能�分离头指针�供�述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:763
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "�能为一个以上的分支编辑�述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:770
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 尚无�交。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "没有分支 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "为�命��作�供了太多的分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "为设置新上游�供了太多的分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法设置 HEAD 的上游为 %s，因为 HEAD 没有指�任何分支。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800 builtin/branch.c:822 builtin/branch.c:843
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此分支 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' �存在"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:816
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "为�消上游设置�作�供了太多的分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法�消 HEAD 的上游设置因为它没有指�一个分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 没有上游信�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:840
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "手工创建 'HEAD' 没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:846
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr "'git branch' 的 -a 和 -r 选项带一个分支��数没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:849
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"选项 --set-upstream 已弃用并将被移除。考虑使用 --track 或 --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果你想用 '%s' 跟踪 '%s', 这么�：\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s �以\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:64
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "需�一个仓库�创建包。"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:68
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "需�一个仓库�解包。"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:428
+msgid ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|"
+"<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|<类型"
+">|--textconv) <对象>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:429
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:466
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<类型> �以是其中之一：blob�tree�commit�tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:467
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "显示对象类型"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:468
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "显示对象大�"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:470
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "当没有错误时退出并返回零"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:471
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "美观地打�对象的内容"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:473
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "对于数�对象，对其内容执行 textconv"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:475
+msgid "allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects"
+msgstr "�许 -s 和 -t 对��的对象生效"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:476
+msgid "buffer --batch output"
+msgstr "缓冲 --batch 的输出"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:478
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入�供的对象的信�和内容"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:481
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入�供的对象的信�"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:484
+msgid "follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)"
+msgstr "跟�树内符�链接（和 --batch 或 --batch-check 共用）"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:486
+msgid "show all objects with --batch or --batch-check"
+msgstr "使用 --batch 或 --batch-check �数显示所有对象"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <属性>...] [--] <路径�>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...]"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <属性>...]"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "报告设置在文件上的所有属性"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "�使用索引中的 .gitattributes"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读出文件�"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "输入和输出的记录使用 NUL 字符终结"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1135 builtin/gc.c:325
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "�显示进度报告"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "显示未匹�的输入路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "检查时忽略索引"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "�能�时指定路径� --stdin �数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z 需�和 --stdin �数共用�有�义"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "未指定路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "�数 --quiet �在�供一个路径�时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "�能�时�供 --quiet 和 --verbose �数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching 选项�在使用 --verbose 时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<选项>] <�系地�>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "还从标准输入读��系地�"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "�能解��系地�：%s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "未指定�系地�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:127
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<选项>] [--] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:144
+msgid "stage should be between 1 and 3 or all"
+msgstr "索引值应该�值 1 到 3 或者 all"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:160
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "检出索引区的所有文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:161
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "强制覆盖现有的文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:163
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "存在或�在索引中的文件都没有警告"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:165
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "�检出新文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:167
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "更新索引中文件的状�信�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:171
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�路径列表"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:173
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "将内容写入临时文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:174 builtin/column.c:30
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:491 builtin/submodule--helper.c:494
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:497 builtin/submodule--helper.c:500
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:774
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "字符串"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:175
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "在创建文件时，在��加上 <字符串>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:177
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "从指定暂存区中拷出文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<选项>] <分支>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<选项>] [<分支>] -- <文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有我们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:136 builtin/checkout.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有他们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有全部必须的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有必须的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "path '%s'：无法�并"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "无法为 '%s' 添加�并结果"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250 builtin/checkout.c:253 builtin/checkout.c:256
+#: builtin/checkout.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' �能在更新路径时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:262 builtin/checkout.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' �能和 %s �时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "�能�时更新路径并切�到分支'%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:279 builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "��的索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:339 builtin/checkout.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "路径 '%s' 未�并"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:495
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "您需�先解决当�索引的冲�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"
+msgstr "�能对 '%s' 执行 reflog �作：%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD 目��于"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664 builtin/clone.c:661
+msgid "unable to update HEAD"
+msgstr "�能更新 HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�置分支 '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "已��于 '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "切�并�置分支 '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:677 builtin/checkout.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "切�到一个新分支 '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "切�到分支 '%s'\n"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: builtin/checkout.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... �其它 %d 个。\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"警告：您正丢下 %d 个�交，未和任何分支关�：\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"警告：您正丢下 %d 个�交，未和任何分支关�：\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"如果您想�通过创建新分支�存它，这�能是一个好时候。\n"
+"如下�作：\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <新分支�> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"如果您想�通过创建新分支�存它们，这�能是一个好时候。\n"
+"如下�作：\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <新分支�> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:792
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "在版本�历时�到内部错误"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:796
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "之�的 HEAD �置是"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:823 builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "您�于一个尚未�始化的分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:968
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "��一个引用，�给出了 %d 个"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008 builtin/worktree.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "无效引用：%s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1037
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "引用�是一个树：%s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1076
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "路径�能和切�分支�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1079 builtin/checkout.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' �能和切�分支�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1087 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/checkout.c:1095
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' �能和 '%s' �时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "�能切�分支到一个��交 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136 builtin/checkout.c:1138 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:165 builtin/remote.c:167 builtin/worktree.c:323
+#: builtin/worktree.c:325
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1137
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "创建并检出一个新的分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1139
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "创建/�置并检出一个分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1140
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "为新的分支创建引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1141
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "�为指�该�交的分离头指针"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1142
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "为新的分支设置上游信�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "新分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1144
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "新的没有父�交的分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1145
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "对尚未�并的文件检出我们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1147
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "对尚未�并的文件检出他们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1149
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "强制检出（丢弃本地修改）"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "和新的分支执行三方�并"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1151 builtin/merge.c:230
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "更新忽略的文件（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1152 builtin/log.c:1432 parse-options.h:250
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "风格"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "冲�输出风格（merge 或 diff3）"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1156
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "对路径��稀�检出的�制"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1158
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "二次猜测'git checkout <无此分支>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref"
+msgstr "�检查指定的引用是�被其他工作区所�用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1161 builtin/clone.c:60 builtin/fetch.c:116
+#: builtin/merge.c:227 builtin/pull.c:116 builtin/push.c:526
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:168
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "强制显示进度报告"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1192
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b�-B 和 --orphan 是互斥的"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track 需�一个分支�"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1214
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "缺少分支�；�试 -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1250
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "无效的路径规格"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"�能�时更新路径并切�到分支'%s'。\n"
+"您是想�检出 '%s' 但其未能解�为�交么？"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout：--detach �能接收路径�数 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1266
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout：在从索引检出时，--ours/--theirs�--force 和 --merge �兼容。"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <模�>] [-x | -X] [--] <路径>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "正删除 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "忽略仓库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "将忽略仓库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "无法删除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"帮助：\n"
+"1          - 通过编�选择一个选项\n"
+"foo        - 通过标题选择一个选项\n"
+"           - （空）什么也�选择"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"帮助：\n"
+"1          - 选择一个选项\n"
+"3-5        - 选择一个范围内的所有选项\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - 选择多个范围内的所有选项\n"
+"foo        - 通过标题选择一个选项\n"
+"-...       - �选特定的选项\n"
+"*          - 选择所有选项\n"
+"           - （空）结�选择"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "嗯（%s）？"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "输入模版以排除�目>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:690
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "警告：无法找到和 %s 匹�的�目"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:711
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "选择�删除的�目"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:752
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "删除 %s [y/N]？"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:777
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "��。"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:785
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - 开始清�\n"
+"filter by pattern   - 通过模版排除�删除的�目\n"
+"select by numbers   - 通过数字选择�删除的�目\n"
+"ask each            - 针对删除�一询问（就� \"rm -i\"）\n"
+"quit                - �止删除并退出\n"
+"help                - 显示本帮助\n"
+"?                   - 显示如何在�示符下选择的帮助"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:812
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** 命令 ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:813
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "请选择"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:821
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "将删除如下�目："
+msgstr[1] "将删除如下�目："
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:838
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "没有�清�的文件，退出。"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:869
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "�打�删除文件的�称"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:871
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "强制"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:872
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "交互�清除"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "删除整个目录"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:724
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:456 builtin/name-rev.c:314 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "模�"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "添加 <模�> 到忽略规则"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "也删除忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "�删除忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:897
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x 和 -X �能�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:901
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce 设置为 true 且未�供 -i�-n 或 -f 选项，拒�执行清�动作"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:904
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce 默认为 true 且未�供 -i�-n 或 -f 选项，拒�执行清�动作"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<选项>] [--] <仓库> [<路径>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:62
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "�创建一个检出"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:63 builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/init-db.c:473
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "创建一个纯仓库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "创建一个镜�仓库（也是纯仓库）"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "从本地仓库克隆"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "�使用本地硬链接，始终�制"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "设置为共享仓库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75 builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "在克隆时�始化�模组"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "number of submodules cloned in parallel"
+msgstr "并�克隆的�模组的数�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/init-db.c:470
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "模�目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/init-db.c:471
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "模�目录将被使用"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/submodule--helper.c:498
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:777
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "�考仓库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "仅在克隆时�考 --reference 指�的本地仓库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "�称"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "使用 <�称> 而�是 'origin' 去跟踪上游"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "检出 <分支> 而�是远程 HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-pack 路径"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/pull.c:201
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "深度"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "创建一个指定深度的浅克隆"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "�克隆一个分支�HEAD 或 --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "any cloned submodules will be shallow"
+msgstr "�模组将以浅下载模�克隆"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:479
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "git目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:480
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "git目录和工作区分离"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "key=value"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "在新仓库中设置�置信�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102 builtin/fetch.c:131 builtin/push.c:536
+msgid "use IPv4 addresses only"
+msgstr "�使用 IPv4 地�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:104 builtin/fetch.c:133 builtin/push.c:538
+msgid "use IPv6 addresses only"
+msgstr "�使用 IPv6 地�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:241
+msgid ""
+"No directory name could be guessed.\n"
+"Please specify a directory on the command line"
+msgstr ""
+"无法猜到目录�。\n"
+"请在命令行指定一个目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' as a linked checkout is not supported yet."
+msgstr "尚�支�将�考仓库 '%s' 作为一个链接检出。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "�考仓库 '%s' �是一个本地仓库。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "�考仓库 '%s' 是一个浅克隆"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "�考仓库 '%s' 已被�接"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s 存在且�是一个目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "无法枚举 %s 状�\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "无法创建链接 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:424
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "无法拷�文件至 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:449 builtin/clone.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "完�。\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:461
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"克隆�功，但是检出失败。\n"
+"您�以通过 'git status' 检查哪些已被检出，然�使用命令\n"
+"'git checkout -f HEAD' �试\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "�能�现�克隆的远程分支 %s。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "检查连接... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:631
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "远程没有��所有必须的对象"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:649
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to update %s"
+msgstr "�能更新 %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:698
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr "远程 HEAD 指�一个�存在的引用，无法检出。\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:729
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "�能检出工作区"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "unable to write parameters to config file"
+msgstr "无法将�数写入�置文件"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "无法执行 repack �清�"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:832
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "无法删除临时的 alternates 文件"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:864 builtin/receive-pack.c:1731
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "太多�数。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:868
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "您必须指定一个仓库�克隆。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare 和 --origin %s 选项�兼容。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:882
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare 和 --separate-git-dir 选项�兼容。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "仓库 '%s' �存在"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:901 builtin/fetch.c:1174
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "深度 %s �是一个正数"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "目标路径 '%s' 已�存在，并且�是一个空目录。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "工作区 '%s' 已�存在。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:936 builtin/clone.c:947 builtin/submodule--helper.c:547
+#: builtin/worktree.c:220 builtin/worktree.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "�能为 '%s' 创建先导目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建工作区目录 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "克隆到纯仓库 '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "正克隆到 '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:998
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth 在本地克隆被忽略，改为 file:// �议试试。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1001
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "�仓库是浅克隆，忽略 --local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1006
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local 被忽略"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "�知�如何克隆 %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1059 builtin/clone.c:1067
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "远程分支 %s 在上游 %s 未�现"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:1070
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "您似乎克隆了一个空仓库。"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "查找�置��"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "�使用的布局"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "最大宽度"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "左边框的填充空间"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "�边框的填充空间"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "两列之间的填充空间"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command 必须是第一个�数"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:38
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<选项>] [--] <路径规格>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<选项>] [--] <路径规格>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:48
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"您的姓�和邮件地�基于登录�和主机�进行了自动设置。请检查它们正确\n"
+"与�。您�以对其进行设置以��出现本�示信�。�行如下命令在编辑器\n"
+"中编辑您的�置文件：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"设置完毕�，您�以用下�的命令�修正本次�交所使用的用户身份：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"您的姓�和邮件地�基于登录�和主机�进行了自动设置。请检查它们正确\n"
+"与�。您�以对其进行设置以��出现本�示信�：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"设置完毕�，您�以用下�的命令�修正本次�交所使用的用户身份：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"您�修补最近的�交，但这么�会让它�为空�交。您�以��您的命令并带上\n"
+"--allow-empty 选项，或者您�用命令 \"git reset HEAD^\" 整个删除该�交。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:78
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"之�的拣选�作现在是一个空�交，�能是由冲�解决导致的。如果您无论如何\n"
+"也��交，使用命令：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:85
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "�则，请使用命令 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:88
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果您想跳过这个�交，使用命令：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"然�执行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\" 继续对其余�交执行拣选\n"
+"�作。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:307
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "无法解包 HEAD 树对象"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:348
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "�能创建临时索引"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:354
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "交互�添加失败"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:367
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "无法更新临时索引"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:369
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "�能更新树的主缓存"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393 builtin/commit.c:416 builtin/commit.c:465
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "无法写 new_index 文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "在�并过程中�能�部分�交。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:449
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "在拣选过程中�能�部分�交。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:458
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "无法读�索引"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:477
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "无法写临时索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "�交 '%s' 缺少作者信�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "�交 '%s' 有�法的作者信�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:603
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "�法的 --author �数"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:611
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "无效的日期格�：%s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:655
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr "无法选择一个未被当��交说明使用的注释字符"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:692 builtin/commit.c:725 builtin/commit.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "�能查询�交 %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704 builtin/shortlog.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "（正从标准输入中读�日志信�）\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:706
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "�能从标准输入中读�日志信�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "�能读�日志文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737 builtin/commit.c:745
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "�能读� SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "�能读� MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:796
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "�能写�交模版"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"似乎您正在�一个�并�交。如果�对，请删除文件\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"然��试。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"似乎您正在�一个拣选�交。如果�对，请删除文件\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"然��试。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"请为您的�更输入�交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被忽略，而一个空的�交\n"
+"说明将会终止�交。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"请为您的�更输入�交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被�留，如果您原�\n"
+"也�以删除它们。一个空的�交说明将会终止�交。\n"
+
+#  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
+#: builtin/commit.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%s作者：  %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
+#: builtin/commit.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%s日期：  %s"
+
+#  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
+#: builtin/commit.c:874
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%s�交者：%.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:892
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "无法读�索引"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:949
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "无法创建树对象"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:964 builtin/tag.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "请使用 -m 或 -F 选项�供�交说明。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr "--author '%s' �是 'Name <email>' 格�，且未能在现有作者中找到匹�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1081 builtin/commit.c:1321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "无效的未追踪文件�数 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1118
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long 和 -z 选项�兼容"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1148
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "�时使用 --reset-author 和 --author 没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1157
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "您没有�修补的�交。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1160
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "您正处于一个�并过程中 -- 无法修补�交。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1162
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "您正处于一个拣选过程中 -- 无法修补�交。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1165
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "选项 --squash 和 --fixup �能�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1175
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "�能用一个 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 选项。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1177
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "选项 -m �能和 -c/-C/-F/--fixup �时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1185
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author �能和 -C�-c 或 --amend �时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr "�能用一个 --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch 选项。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "�数 --include/--only �跟路径没有�义。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1206
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "�明... 用�索引修补最�一个�交。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1208
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "指定了明确的路径而没有使用 -i 或 -o 选项，认为是 --only paths..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/tag.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "无效的清�模� %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1225
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "路径和 -a 选项�时使用没有�义。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1335 builtin/commit.c:1621
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "以简�的格�显示状�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1623
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "显示分支信�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1339 builtin/commit.c:1625 builtin/push.c:512
+#: builtin/worktree.c:437
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "机器�读的输出"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342 builtin/commit.c:1627
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "以长格�显示状�（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1345 builtin/commit.c:1630
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "�目以 NUL 字符结尾"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1347 builtin/commit.c:1633 builtin/fast-export.c:981
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984 builtin/tag.c:353
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "模�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1348 builtin/commit.c:1633
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr "显示未跟踪的文件，“模��的�选�数：all�normal�no。（默认：all）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1351
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1352 parse-options.h:155
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "何时"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1353
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"忽略�模组的更改，“何时�的�选�数：all�dirty�untracked。（默认：all）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方�显示未跟踪的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "无法找到新创建的�交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "�能解�新创建的�交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "分离头指针"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr "（根�交）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "�交�功��显示概述信�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "在�交说明模�里显示差异"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "�交说明选项"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1595 builtin/tag.c:351
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "从文件中读��交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "作者"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "�交时覆盖作者"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597 builtin/gc.c:326
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "日期"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "�交时覆盖日期"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598 builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:395
+#: builtin/notes.c:558 builtin/tag.c:349
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "�交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599 builtin/commit.c:1600 builtin/commit.c:1601
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602 parse-options.h:256 ref-filter.h:79
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "�交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "�用并编辑指定�交的�交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "�用指定�交的�交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格�的�交说明用以修正指定的�交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格�的�交说明用以压缩至指定的�交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "现在将该�交的作者改为我（和 -C/-c/--amend �数共用）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1604 builtin/log.c:1382 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "添加 Signed-off-by: 签�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "使用指定的模�文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "强制编辑�交"
+
+#  译者：�选值，�能翻译（或是原文中笔误，应为 mode）
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "default"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1607 builtin/tag.c:354
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "设置如何删除�交说明里的空格和#注释"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1608
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "在�交说明模�里包�状�信�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1610 builtin/merge.c:229 builtin/pull.c:165
+#: builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "GPG �交签�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "�交内容选项"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "�交所有改动的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "添加指定的文件到索引区等待�交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "交互�添加文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1617
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "交互�添加�更"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1618
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "��交指定的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-commit 钩�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "显示将��交的内容"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1631
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "修改先�的�交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1632
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "绕过 post-rewrite 钩�"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "�许一个空�交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1639
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "�许空的�交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1668
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "�能解� HEAD �交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "��的 MERGE_HEAD 文件（%s）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1725
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "�能读� MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1744
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "�能读��交说明：%s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1755
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "终止�交；您未更改�自模版的�交说明。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "终止�交因为�交说明为空。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1808
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"仓库已更新，但无法写 new_index 文件。检查是��盘已满\n"
+"或�盘��已耗尽，然�执行 \"git reset HEAD\" ��。"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:9
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "�置文件�置"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "使用全局�置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "使用系统级�置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "使用仓库级�置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "使用指定的�置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "数�对象 ID"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "从给定的数�对象读��置"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "�作"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获�值：name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获得所有的值：key [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "根�正则表达�获得值：name-regex [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "获得 URL �值：section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "替�所有匹�的��：name value [value_regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "添加一个新的��：name value"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除一个��：name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除所有匹�项：name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "�命��节：old-name new-name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "删除一个�节：name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "列出所有"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "打开一个编辑器"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "获得�置的颜色：�置 [默认]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "获得颜色设置：�置 [stdout-is-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "类型"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "值是 \"true\" 或 \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "值是�进制数"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "值是 --bool or --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "值是一个路径（文件或目录�）"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "其它"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:83
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "终止值是 NUL 字节"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:84
+msgid "show variable names only"
+msgstr "�显示���"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:85
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "查询时�照 include 指令递归查找"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:86
+msgid "show origin of config (file, standard input, blob, command line)"
+msgstr "显示�置的��（文件�标准输入�数�对象，或命令行）"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:328
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "�能解�默认颜色值"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:472
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[user]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tname = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "�能创建�置文件 %s"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:77
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:87
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "以用户�读的格�显示大�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<选项>] [<�交�>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<选项>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "附注标签 %s 无效"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "附注标签 %s 没有嵌入�称"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "标签 '%s' 的确是在 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "�是一个有效的对象� %s"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s �是一个有效的 '%s' 对象"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "没有标签准确匹� '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "�索�述 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "完��索 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"没有附注标签能�述 '%s'。\n"
+"然而，存在未附注标签：�试 --tags。"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"没有标签能�述 '%s'。\n"
+"�试 --always，或者创建一些标签。"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "已�历 %lu 个�交\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�现多于 %i 个标签，列出最近的 %i 个\n"
+"在 %s 放弃�索\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "寻找该�交之�的标签"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "在标准错误上调试�索策略"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "使用任�引用"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "使用任�标签，�使未附带注释"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "始终使用长�交�格�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "�跟�第一个父�交"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "�输出精确匹�"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "考虑最近 <n> 个标签（默认：10）"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "�考虑匹� <模�> 的标签"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:321
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "显示简写的�交�作为�备"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "标记"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "对于�工作区，追加 <标记>（默认：\"-dirty\"）"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long 与 --abbrev=0 �兼容"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "没有�现�称，无法�述任何东西。"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty �能与�交�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s'：�是一个正规文件或符�链接"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "无效选项：%s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:360
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "�是一个 git 仓库"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "�供了无效对象 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:412
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "�供了超过两个数�对象：'%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "无法处�的对象 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:25
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:980
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "在 <n> 个对象之�显示进度"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:982
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "选择如何处�签�标签"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:985
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "选择当标签指�被过滤对象时该标签的处�方�"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "把标记存储到这个文件"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:990
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "从这个文件导入标记"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:992
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "当标签缺少标记者字段时，�装�供一个"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:994
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "�次�交都输出整个树"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "使用 done 功能�终止�"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "跳过数�对象的输出"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "引用规格"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "对导出的引用应用引用规格"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:1000
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "匿�输出"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] [<仓库> [<引用规格>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] <组>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<选项>] [(<仓库> | <组>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/pull.c:174
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "从所有的远程抓�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94 builtin/pull.c:177
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "追加到 .git/FETCH_HEAD 而�是覆盖它"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/pull.c:180
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "上传包到远程的路径"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/pull.c:182
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "强制覆盖本地分支"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:99
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "从多个远程抓�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:101 builtin/pull.c:184
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "抓�所有的标签和关�对象"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "�抓�任何标签(--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:105
+msgid "number of submodules fetched in parallel"
+msgstr "�模组获�的并�数"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/pull.c:187
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "清除远程已��存在的分支的跟踪分支"
+
+#  译者：�选值，�能翻译
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108 builtin/pull.c:190
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "on-demand"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:109 builtin/pull.c:191
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "控制�模组的递归抓�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113 builtin/pull.c:199
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "��下载包"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "�许更新 HEAD 引用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118 builtin/pull.c:202
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "深化浅克隆的历�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:120 builtin/pull.c:205
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "转�为一个完整的仓库"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:122 builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "目录"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "在�模组路径输出的��加上此目录"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:126
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "递归的默认模�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:128 builtin/pull.c:208
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "接�更新 .git/shallow 的引用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:129 builtin/pull.c:210
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "引用映射"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:130 builtin/pull.c:211
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "指定获��作的引用映射"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:386
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "无法�现远程 HEAD 引用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "对象 %s 未�现"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:471
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[最新]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  （在当�分支下�能获�）"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486 builtin/fetch.c:574
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[已拒�]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:497
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[标签更新]"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499 builtin/fetch.c:534 builtin/fetch.c:552
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  （�能更新本地引用）"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:517
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[新标签]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[新分支]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:523
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[新引用]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "�能更新本地引用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:569
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "强制更新"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:576
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "（�快进�）"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:619
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s 未��所有必须的对象\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "拒� %s 因为浅克隆��许被更新"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:724 builtin/fetch.c:816
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "�自 %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"一些本地引用�能被更新；�试�行\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' �删除旧的�有冲�的分支"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   （%s 将�为摇摆状�）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: builtin/fetch.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   （%s 已�为摇摆状�）"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:820
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[已删除]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:821 builtin/remote.c:1025
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "（无）"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "拒�获�到�纯仓库的当�分支 %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:860
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 的值 \"%s\" 对于 %s 是无效的"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 为 %s 所忽略\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "�知�如何从 %s 获�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "正在获� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1082 builtin/remote.c:96
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "�能获� %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1100
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr "未指定远程仓库。请通过一个 URL 或远程仓库�指定，用以获�新�交。"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1123
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "您需�指定一个标签�称。"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1165
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth 和 --unshallow �能�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1167
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "对于一个完整的仓库，�数 --unshallow 没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1187
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all �能带一个仓库�数"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1189
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all 带引用规格没有任何�义"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "没有这样的远程或远程组：%s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1208
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "获�组并指定引用规格没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:14
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <说明>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <文件>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "��交说明中最多�制指定�目（�并而�的�交）的简短说明"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "�数 --log 的别�（已弃用）"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:673
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "文本"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:674
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "使用 <文本> 作为�交说明的开始"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:675
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "从文件中读�"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:9
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<选项>] [<模�>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:10
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--points-at <对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:11
+msgid "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:12
+msgid "git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [--contains [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:27
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "引用��符适用于 shells"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:29
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "引用��符适用于 perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:31
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "引用��符适用于 python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:33
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "引用��符适用于 Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:36
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "�显示 <n> 个匹�的引用"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:37 builtin/tag.c:372
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "输出格�"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:41
+msgid "print only refs which points at the given object"
+msgstr "�打�指�给定对象的引用"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:43
+msgid "print only refs that are merged"
+msgstr "�打�已��并的引用"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:44
+msgid "print only refs that are not merged"
+msgstr "�打�没有�并的引用"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:45
+msgid "print only refs which contain the commit"
+msgstr "�打�包�该�交的引用"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:156 builtin/prune.c:140
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "检查连接中"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:486
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "检查对象目录中"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:552
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<选项>] [<对象>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:558
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "显示��达的对象"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:559
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "显示摇摆的对象"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:560
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "报告标签"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:561
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "报告根节点"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:562
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "将索引亦作为检查的头节点"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:563
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "将引用日志作为检查的头节点（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:564
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "也考虑包和备用对象"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:565
+msgid "check only connectivity"
+msgstr "仅检查连通性"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:566
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "�用更严格的检查"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:568
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "将摇摆对象写入 .git/lost-found 中"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:569 builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "显示进度"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:630
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "检查对象中"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:25
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:72
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "无效 %s：'%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "�正常的长对象目录 %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last gc run reported the following. Please correct the root cause\n"
+"and remove %s.\n"
+"Automatic cleanup will not be performed until the file is removed.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"最�一次 gc �作报告如下信�。请检查原因并删除 %s。\n"
+"在该文件被删除之�，自动清�将�会执行。\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:327
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "清除未引用的对象"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:329
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "更彻底（增加�行时间）"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:330
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "�用自动垃圾回收模�"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:331
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "强制执行 gc �使�外一个 gc 正在执行"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "自动在��执行仓库打包以求最佳性能。\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "自动打包仓库以求最佳性能。\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "手工维护�� \"git help gc\"。\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"已�有一个 gc 正�行在机器 '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> （如果�是，使用 --force）"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr "有太多��达的�散对象，�行 'git prune' 删除它们。"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<选项>] [-e] <模�> [<版本>...] [[--] <路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep：无法创建线程：%s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"
+msgstr "为 %2$s 设定的线程数 (%1$d) 无效"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:452 builtin/grep.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "无法读�树（%s）"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "无法抓��自于 %s 类型的对象"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "开关 `%c' 期望一个数字值"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "�能打开 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "在索引区�索而�是在工作区"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "在未被 git 管�的内容中查找"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
+#: builtin/grep.c:650
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "在跟踪和未跟踪的文件中�索"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "忽略 '.gitignore' 包�的文件"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "显示未匹�的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "�区分大�写匹�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "�在��边界匹�模�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:661
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "把二进制文件当�文本处�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "�在二进制文件中匹�模�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "用 textconv 过滤器处�二进制文件"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "最多以指定的深度�下寻找"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "使用扩展的 POSIX 正则表达�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "使用基本的 POSIX 正则表达�（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "把模�解�为固定的字符串"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "使用 Perl 兼容的正则表达�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "显示行�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "�显示文件�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "显示文件�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "�显示文件�而�显示匹�的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "和 --files-with-matches �义"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "�显示未匹�的文件�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "在文件��输出 NUL 字符"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "显示总匹�行数，而�显示匹�的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "高亮显示匹�项"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "在��文件的匹�项之间打�空行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "�在�一文件的匹�项的上�显示一次文件�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "显示匹�项��的 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "显示匹�项� <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "显示匹�项� <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "use <n> worker threads"
+msgstr "使用 <n> 个工作线程"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "快�键 -C 数字"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "在匹�的��显示一行函数�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "显示所在函数的��内容"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:723
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "从文件读�模�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:725
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "匹� <模�>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:727
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "组�用 -e �数设定的模�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "�输出，而用退出�标识命中状�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "�显示匹�所有模�的文件中的匹�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "显示 grep 表达�的解�树"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "分页"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:747
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "分页显示匹�的文件"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:750
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "�许调用 grep(1)（本次构建忽略）"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:813
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "未�供模�匹�。"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:845 builtin/index-pack.c:1477
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "指定的线程数无效（%d）"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:875
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager 仅用于工作区"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached 或 --untracked �能与 --no-index �时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:906
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index 或 --untracked �能和版本�时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard �能用于已跟踪内容。"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:917
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "�时给出了 --cached 和树对象。"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:81
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <类型>] [-w] [--path=<文件> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "类型"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:93
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "对象类型"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "将对象写入对象数�库"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:96
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�对象"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "原样存储文件�使用过滤器"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr "�许对任��机垃圾数��散列�创建��的对象以便调试 Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "处�文件并�设其�自于此路径"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "打�所有�用的命令"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "显示有用的指�列表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "显示 man 手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "在 web �览器中显示手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "显示 info 手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<命令>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "未能识别的帮助格� '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "无法�动 emacsclient。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "无法解� emacsclient 版本。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "emacsclient 版本 '%d' 太�（< 22）。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:151 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s'"
+msgstr "无法执行 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s'：�支�的 man 手册查看器的路径。\n"
+"请使用 'man.<工具>.cmd'。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': 支�的 man 手册查看器命令。\n"
+"请使用 'man.<工具>.path'。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s'：未知的 man 查看器。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "没有 man 查看器处�此请求"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:359
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "没有 info 查看器处�此请求"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:408
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "定义路径的属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:409
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "�一天 Git 常用的约 20 �命令"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:410
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Git �汇表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:411
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "忽略指定的未跟踪文件"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:412
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "定义�模组属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:413
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "指定 Git 的版本和版本范围"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:414
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "一个 Git 教程（针对 1.5.1 或更新版本）"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:415
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Git 推�的工作�概览"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "最常用的 Git �导有：\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:448 builtin/help.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "用法：%s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "`git %s' 是 `%s' 的别�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "�能打开 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "%s 的对象类型�匹�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "未能获�期望的对象 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "对象 %s：期待类型 %s，�是 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "无法填充 %d 字节"
+msgstr[1] "无法填充 %d 字节"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "过早的文件结�符（EOF）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "输入上的读错误"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "用掉了超过�用的字节"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:297
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "包太大超过了当� off_t 的定义"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "无法打开包文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "包签��匹�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "�支�包版本 %<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "包中有错误的对象�于 %lu：%s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "解压缩返回 %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:522
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "�移值覆盖了 delta 基准对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "delta 基准�移越界"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "未知对象类型 %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "无法读�包文件"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "包文件过早结�，缺少 %lu 字节"
+msgstr[1] "包文件过早结�，缺少 %lu 字节"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:597
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "解压缩严�的�一致"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:743 builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:772
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:806 builtin/index-pack.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "�现 %s 出现 SHA1 冲��"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:746 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "�能读 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "�能读�现存对象 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "无效的数�对象 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "无效的 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:843
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "对象中出错"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "%s 的所有�对象并�都�达"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:917 builtin/index-pack.c:948
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "无法应用 delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "接收对象中"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1118
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "索引对象中"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "包冲�（SHA1 �匹�）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "�能枚举包文件状�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1158
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "包的结尾有垃圾数�"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1169
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "parse_pack_objects() 中�到���喻的问题"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1194
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "处� delta 中"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1205
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "�能创建线程：%s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "���喻"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local object"
+msgid_plural "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr[0] "完� %d 个本地对象"
+msgstr[1] "完� %d 个本地对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "对 %s 的尾部校验出现�外（�盘��？）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1269
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
+msgstr[1] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "�能压缩附加对象（%d）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1369
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "本地对象 %s 已��"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "关闭包文件时出错"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法写�留文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法关闭�留文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "无法存储包文件"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1438
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1471
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "�的 pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481 builtin/index-pack.c:1678
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "没有线程支�，忽略 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法打开现存包文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "无法为 %s 打开包索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "� delta：%d 个对象"
+msgstr[1] "� delta：%d 个对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1596
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
+msgstr[1] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1609
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "包文件� '%s' 没有以 '.pack' 结尾"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "无法返回当�工作目录"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1690 builtin/index-pack.c:1693
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1705 builtin/index-pack.c:1709
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "错误选项 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1723
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin �能和 --stdin �时使用"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1731
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify 没有�供包文件��数"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "�能枚举 '%s' 状�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "�能枚举模版 '%s' 状�"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "�能打开目录 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "�能读�链接 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "�能自 '%s' 到 '%s' 创建符�链接"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "�能拷� '%s' 至 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "忽略模版 %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "模版未找到 %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates from '%s': %s"
+msgstr "没有从 '%s' �制模版：%s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:312 builtin/init-db.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s 已�存在"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:344
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "�能处� %d 类型的文件"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "�能移动 %s 至 %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s Git 仓库于 %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "�新�始化现存的"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:404
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "�始化空的"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
+#: builtin/init-db.c:405
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr "共享"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:452
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<模�目录>] [--shared[=<��>]] "
+"[<目录>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "��"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:476
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "指定 git 仓库是多个用户之间共享的"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:510 builtin/init-db.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "�能创建目录 %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "�能切�目录到 %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr "��许 %s（或 --work-tree=<目录>）而没有指定 %s（或 --git-dir=<目录>）"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "�能访问工作区 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <键>[(=|:)<值"
+">])...] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "edit files in place"
+msgstr "在原�编辑文件"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "删除空签�"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:28
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "签�"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:29
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "�添加的签�"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:42
+msgid "no input file given for in-place editing"
+msgstr "没有给出�原�编辑的文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:43
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] <路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:44
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<选项>] <对象>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "无效的 --decorate 选项：%s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:137
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "�显示差异输出"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:138
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "显示�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:139
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "使用邮件映射文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:140
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "修饰选项"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:143
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "处�文件中第 n 到 m 之间的行，从 1 开始"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "最终输出：%d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: ��的文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:485 builtin/log.c:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "�能读�对象 %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "未知类型：%d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:722
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers 没有值"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:812
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "输出目录�太长"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "无法打开补�文件 %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:841
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "�需�一个范围。"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:851
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "�是一个范围。"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:957
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "信�需�邮件地�格�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "�正常的 in-reply-to：%s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1064
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<选项>] [<从> | <版本范围>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1109
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "两个输出目录？"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216 builtin/log.c:1857 builtin/log.c:1859 builtin/log.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "未知�交 %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226 builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/notes.c:304
+#: builtin/notes.c:306 builtin/notes.c:369 builtin/notes.c:424
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:515 builtin/notes.c:593
+#: builtin/notes.c:656 builtin/notes.c:881 builtin/tag.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "无法解� '%s' 为一个有效引用。"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "Could not find exact merge base."
+msgstr "�能找到准确的�并基线。"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"Failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
+"please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
+"Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually."
+msgstr ""
+"无法得到上游地�，如果你想自动记录基线�交，请使用命令\n"
+"git branch --set-upstream-to �跟踪一个远程分支。或者你�以通过\n"
+"�数 --base=<base-commit-id> 手动指定一个基线�交。"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1255
+msgid "Failed to find exact merge base"
+msgstr "无法找到准确的�并基线"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1266
+msgid "base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"
+msgstr "基线�交应该是版本列表的祖先"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1270
+msgid "base commit shouldn't be in revision list"
+msgstr "基线�交�应该出现在版本列表中"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1319
+msgid "cannot get patch id"
+msgstr "无法得到补� id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1377
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH n/m]，�使�有一个补�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1380
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH]，�使有多个补�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1384
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "打�补�到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1386
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "生�一�附信"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1388
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "使用简�的数字�列作为输出文件�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1389
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "�缀"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "使用 <�缀> 代替 '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1392
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "补�以 <n> 开始编�，而�是1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1394
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "标记补�系列是第几次�制"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1396
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "使用 [<�缀>] 代替 [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1399
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "把结果文件存储在 <目录>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1402
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "�删除/添加 [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1405
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "�输出二进制差异"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1407
+msgid "output all-zero hash in From header"
+msgstr "在 From 头信�中输出全为零的哈希值"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1409
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "�包�已在上游�交中的补�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1411
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "显示纯补�格�而�默认的（补�+状�）"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1413
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "邮件��"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1414
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "header"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1415
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "添加邮件头"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416 builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "邮件地�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "添加收件人"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1418
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "添加抄�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1420
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "标识"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1421
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "将 From 地�设置为 <标识>（如若��供，则用�交者 ID �为地�）"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1423
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "邮件标识"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1424
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "使第一�邮件作为对 <邮件标识> 的回�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1425 builtin/log.c:1428
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "边界"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1426
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "附件方�添加补�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1429
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "内�显示补�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1433
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "�用邮件线索，风格：浅，深"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "签�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1436
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "添加一个签�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1437
+msgid "base-commit"
+msgstr "基线�交"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1438
+msgid "add prerequisite tree info to the patch series"
+msgstr "为补�列表添加�置树信�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1440
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "从文件添加一个签�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1441
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "��打�补�文件�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1531
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n 和 -k 互斥。"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1533
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix 和 -k 互斥。"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1541
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only 无�义"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1543
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status 无�义"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1545
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check 无�义"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1573
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "标准输出或目录，哪一个？"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建目录 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法读�签�文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1743
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "无法创建输出文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1792
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<上游> [<头> [<�制>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr "�能找到跟踪的远程分支，请手工指定 <上游>。\n"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:378
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<选项>] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "用标签标识文件的状�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:429
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "使用�写字�表示 '�设未改�的' 文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:431
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "显示缓存的文件（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:433
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "显示已删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:435
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "显示已修改的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "显示其它文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:439
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "显示暂存区内容的对象�称"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "显示文件系统需�删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "�显示“其他�目录的�称"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:448
+msgid "show line endings of files"
+msgstr "显示文件�行符格�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "�显示空目录"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:453
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "显示未�并的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "显示 resolve-undo 信�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "匹�排除文件的模�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "从 <文件> 中读�排除模�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "从 <文件> 读��外的�个目录的排除模�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "添加标准的 git 排除"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:468
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "如果任何 <文件> 都�在索引区，视为错误"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "树或�交"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "�装自从 <树或�交> 之�删除的路径�然存在"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "显示调试数�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:7
+msgid ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<repository> [<refs>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags] [--refs] [--upload-pack=<exec>]\n"
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url]\n"
+"                     [--symref] [<仓库> [<引用>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:50
+msgid "do not print remote URL"
+msgstr "�打�远程 URL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:51 builtin/ls-remote.c:53
+msgid "exec"
+msgstr "exec"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:52 builtin/ls-remote.c:54
+msgid "path of git-upload-pack on the remote host"
+msgstr "远程主机上的 git-upload-pack 路径"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:56
+msgid "limit to tags"
+msgstr "仅�于标签"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:57
+msgid "limit to heads"
+msgstr "仅�于分支"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:58
+msgid "do not show peeled tags"
+msgstr "�显示已解�的标签"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:60
+msgid "take url.<base>.insteadOf into account"
+msgstr "�考 url.<base>.insteadOf 设置"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:62
+msgid "exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"
+msgstr "若未找到匹�的引用则以退出�2退出"
+
+#: builtin/ls-remote.c:64
+msgid "show underlying ref in addition to the object pointed by it"
+msgstr "除了显示指�的对象外，显示指�的引用�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<选项>] <树或�交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "�显示树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "递归到�树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "当递归时显示树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "�目以 NUL 字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "包括对象大�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:138 builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "�列出文件�"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "使用文件的全路径"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:145
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "列出整个树；�仅仅当�目录（�� --full-name）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<选项>] [<�交>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<选项>] <说明> HEAD <�交>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:101
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "开关 `m' 需�一个值"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "�能找到�并策略 '%s'。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "�用的策略有："
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "�用的自定义策略有："
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194 builtin/pull.c:126
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "在�并的最��显示差异统计"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197 builtin/pull.c:129
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "在�并的最�显示差异统计"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/pull.c:132
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "（和 --stat �义）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200 builtin/pull.c:135
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "在�并�交信�中添加（最多 <n> �）精简�交记录"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/pull.c:138
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "创建一个�独的�交而�是�一次�并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205 builtin/pull.c:141
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "如果�并�功，执行一次�交（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207 builtin/pull.c:144
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "在�交�编辑�交说明"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:208
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "�许快进（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:210 builtin/pull.c:150
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "如果�能快进就放弃�并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "验�指定的�交是�包�一个有效的 GPG 签�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/notes.c:771 builtin/pull.c:157
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "ç­–ç•¥"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216 builtin/pull.c:158
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "�使用的�并策略"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217 builtin/pull.c:161
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "option=value"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/pull.c:162
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "所选的�并策略的选项"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "�并的�交说明（针对�快进��并）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "放弃当�正在进行的�并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/pull.c:169
+msgid "allow merging unrelated histories"
+msgstr "�许�并�相关的历�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:254
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "�能进行进度�存。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:259
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "进度�存失败"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "�是一个有效对象：%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:283 builtin/merge.c:300
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "读�树失败"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: builtin/merge.c:330
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " （无�压缩）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "压缩�交 -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:347 builtin/merge.c:767 builtin/merge.c:987
+#: builtin/merge.c:1000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "�能写入 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:375
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "写入 SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:377
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "完� SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:400
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "无�并信� -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' 没有指�一个�交"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:541
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "�的 branch.%s.mergeoptions 字符串：%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:660
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "�能处�两个头�并之外的任何�作。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "merge-recursive 的未知选项：-X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "�能写 %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "�能从 '%s' 读�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr "未�交�并，使用 'git commit' 完�此次�并。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"请输入一个�交信�以解释此�并的必�性，尤其是将一个更新�的上游分支\n"
+"�并到主题分支。\n"
+"\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略，而且空�交说明将会终止�交。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:815
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "空�交信�。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "太棒了。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr "自动�并失败，修正冲�然��交修正的结果。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:906
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' �是一个�交"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:947
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "没有当�分支。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:949
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "当�分支没有对应的远程仓库。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:951
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "当�分支没有定义默认的上游分支。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "对于 %s 没有�自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1091
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close '%s'"
+msgstr "�能关闭 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "没有�终止的�并（MERGE_HEAD 丢失）。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1235
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"您尚未结�您的�并（存在 MERGE_HEAD）。\n"
+"请在�并�先�交您的修改。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1242
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"您尚未结�您的拣选（存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD）。\n"
+"请在�并�先�交您的修改。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1245
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "您尚未结�您的拣选（存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD）。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "您�能将 --squash 与 --no-ff �时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "未指定�交并且 merge.defaultToUpstream 未设置。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1279
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "尚�支�到空分支的压缩�交"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1281
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "到空分支的�快进��交没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - �能被�并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1288
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "�能将一个�交�并到空分支上"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1344
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "�交 %s 有一个��信的声称�自 %s 的 GPG 签�。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1347
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "�交 %s 有一个错误的声称�自 %s 的 GPG 签�。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "�交 %s 没有一个 GPG 签�。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1353
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "�交 %s 有一个�自 %s 的好的 GPG 签�。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1415
+msgid "refusing to merge unrelated histories"
+msgstr "拒��并无关的历�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "æ›´æ–° %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "�试�常�的索引内�并...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1483
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "无。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1515
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "无法快进，终止。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1538 builtin/merge.c:1617
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "将树回滚至原始状�...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "�试�并策略 %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1608
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "没有�并策略处�此�并。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1610
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "使用策略 %s �并失败。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "使用 %s 以准备手工解决。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1631
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr "自动�并进展顺利，按�求在�交��止\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <�交> <�交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <�交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <�交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <�交> <�交>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <引用> [<�交>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "输出所有共�的祖先"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "查找一个多路�并的祖先�交"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "显示�能被其他访问到的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "第一个是其他的祖先�交么？"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "根� <引用> 的引用日志查找 <�交> 的派生处"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<选项>] [-L <文件1> [-L <�始> [-L <�字2>]]] <文件1> <�始文"
+"件> <文件2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "将结果��到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "使用基于 diff3 的�并"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "如果冲�，使用我们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "如果冲�，使用他们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "如果冲�，使用��版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "如果冲�，使用指定长度的标记"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "��警告冲�"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "为 文件1/�始文件/文件2 设置标签"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:65
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "输入以 NUL 字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "�许丢失的对象"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "�许创建一个以上的树"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<选项>] <�>... <目标>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:70
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "目录 %s 在索引中并且�是�模组？"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:72 builtin/rm.c:317
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "请将您的修改暂存到 .gitmodules 中或�存进度��继续"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s 在索引中"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "强制移动/�命令，�使目标存在"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "跳过移动/�命�错误"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "目标 '%s' �是一个目录"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "检查 '%s' 到 '%s' 的�命�\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:167
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "�的�"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:170
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "�能将目录移动到自身"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "�能将目录移动到文件"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:182
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "�目录为空"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "�在版本控制之下"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:210
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "目标已存在"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "覆盖 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:221
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "�能覆盖"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:224
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "�一目标具有多个�"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:226
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "目标目录�存在"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s，�=%s，目标=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "�命� %s 至 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:260 builtin/remote.c:714 builtin/repack.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "�命� '%s' 失败"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:258
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<选项>] <�交>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<选项>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<选项>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "�打��称（无 SHA-1）"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "�使用标签�命��交"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "�使用和 <模�> 相匹�的引用"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:317
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "列出�以从所有引用访问的�交"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "�许打� `未定义` 的�称（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:325
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "��解�输入中的标签（内部使用）"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] [list [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <说明> | -F <文件> "
+"| (-c | -C) <对象>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] copy [-f] <�对象> <目标对象>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <说明> | -F <文件> | "
+"(-c | -C) <对象>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] edit [--allow-empty] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] show [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <策略> ] <注解引用>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] remove [<对象>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:41
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:46
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<选项>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<选项>] <�对象> <目标对象>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<�对象> <目标对象>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:57
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<选项>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:62
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:67
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<选项>] <注解引用>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:79
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:84
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:89
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "�能为对象 '%s' 开始 'show'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "�能读� 'show' 的输出"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 完� 'show'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:174 builtin/tag.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:193
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "请通过 -m 或 -F 选项为注解�供内容"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:202
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "�能写注解对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "注解内容被留在 %s 中"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:232 builtin/tag.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "�能读� '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:234 builtin/tag.c:442
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "�能打开或读� '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "无法读�对象 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "�能从�数�对象 '%s' 中读�注解数�"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:362 builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:493
+#: builtin/notes.c:505 builtin/notes.c:581 builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:946
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "�数太多"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:375 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "未�现对象 %s 的注解。"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:396 builtin/notes.c:559
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "注解内容作为一个字符串"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:399 builtin/notes.c:562
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "注解内容到一个文件中"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:402 builtin/notes.c:565
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "�用和编辑指定的注解对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:568
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "�用指定的注解对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:408 builtin/notes.c:571
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "�许�存空白注释"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:480
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "替�已存在的注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr "�能添加注解。�现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:449 builtin/notes.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "覆盖对象 %s 现存注解\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:460 builtin/notes.c:621 builtin/notes.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "删除对象 %s 的注解\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:481
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:483
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "�新加载 <命令> 的�置（�� --stdin）"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:501
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "�数太少"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:522
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr "�能拷�注解。�现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "�对象 %s 缺少注解。�能拷�。"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�命令 'edit' 的选项 -m/-F/-c/-C 已弃用。\n"
+"请�用 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'。\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:768
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "通用选项"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:770
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "�并选项"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr "使用指定的策略解决注解冲� (manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:774
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "�交未�并的注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:776
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "通过�交未�并的注解�完�注解�并"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:778
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "中止注解�并的方案"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:780
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "中止注解�并"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "A notes merge into %s is already in-progress at %s"
+msgstr "一个到 %s 的注解�并已�在 %s 执行中"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "对象 %s 没有注解\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:896
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "�试删除�存在的注解�是一个错误"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:899
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�对象�称"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:980
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "注解引用"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:981
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "从 <注解引用> 使用注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1016 builtin/remote.c:1628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "未知�命令：%s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [<选项>...] [< <引用列表> | < <对象列表>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git pack-objects [<options>...] <base-name> [< <ref-list> | < <object-list>]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects [<选项>...] <base-name> [< <引用列表> | < <对象列表>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "压缩错误 (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:763
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, packs are split due to pack.packSizeLimit"
+msgstr "�用 bitmap 写入，因为 pack.packSizeLimit 设置使得包被切分为多个"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:776
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "写入对象中"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1017
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "�用 bitmap 写入，因为一些对象将�会被打包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2177
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "压缩对象中"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2563
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "�支�的索引版本 %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2567
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "�的索引版本 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "�显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2599
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "在对象写入阶段显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2604
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "当进度表显示时类似于 --all-progress"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2605
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "版本[,�移]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2606
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "用指定的 idx 格�版本�写包索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2609
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "�个输出包的最大尺寸"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2611
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "忽略从备用对象存储里借用对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2613
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "忽略包对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2615
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "�制打包窗�的对象数"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2617
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "除对象数��制外设置打包窗�的内存�制"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2619
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "打包�许的 delta 链的最大长度"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "�用已存在的 deltas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "�用已存在的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "使用 OFS_DELTA 对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2627
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "使用线程查询最佳 delta 匹�"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "�创建空的包输出"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2631
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�版本��数"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "�制那些尚未打包的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2636
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "包括�以从任何引用访问到的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "包括被引用日志引用到的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2642
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "包括被索引引用到的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "输出包到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "包括那些引用了待打包对象的标签对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "维���达的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2650 parse-options.h:142
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "时间"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "将比给定 <时间> 新的无法访问的对象解包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2654
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "创建精简包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2656
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "创建适�浅克隆仓库获�的包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2658
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "忽略�有 .keep 文件的包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "打包压缩级别"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2662
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "显示被�接��的�交"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2664
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "使用 bitmap 索引（如果有的�）以�高对象计数时的速度"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "在建立包索引的�时创建 bitmap 索引"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2757
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "对象计数中"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "打包一切"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "清除�散的引用（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "正在删除��对象"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:11
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <时间>] [--] [<头>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:105 builtin/worktree.c:125
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "�删除，�显示"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106 builtin/worktree.c:126
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "报告清除的对象"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:109 builtin/worktree.c:128
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "使早于给定时间的对象过期"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:123
+msgid "cannot prune in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "�能在��仓库中执行清��作"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:72
+msgid "git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git pull [<选项>] [<仓库> [<引用规格>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:120
+msgid "Options related to merging"
+msgstr "和�并相关的选项"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:123
+msgid "incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging"
+msgstr "使用�基�作�代�并�作以�入修改"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:147 builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "�许快进�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:153
+msgid "verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "验�指定的�交是�包�一个有效的 GPG 签�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:156
+msgid "automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase"
+msgstr "自动在�基�作��执行 stash/stash pop"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:172
+msgid "Options related to fetching"
+msgstr "和获�相关的�数"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:194
+msgid "number of submodules pulled in parallel"
+msgstr "并�拉�的�模组的数�"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for pull.ff: %s"
+msgstr "pull.ff 的�值无效：%s"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:379
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes."
+msgstr "无法通过�基方�拉�：您有未暂存的�更。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:385
+msgid "Additionally, your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "而且您的索引中包�未�交的�更。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:387
+msgid "Cannot pull with rebase: Your index contains uncommitted changes."
+msgstr "无法通过�基方�拉�：您的索引中包�未�交的�更。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:463
+msgid ""
+"There is no candidate for rebasing against among the refs that you just "
+"fetched."
+msgstr "在您刚刚获�到的引用中没有�基�作的候选。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:465
+msgid ""
+"There are no candidates for merging among the refs that you just fetched."
+msgstr "在您刚刚获�到的引用中没有�并�作的候选。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:466
+msgid ""
+"Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no\n"
+"matches on the remote end."
+msgstr "通常这�味�您�供了一个通�符引用规格但未能和远端匹�。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You asked to pull from the remote '%s', but did not specify\n"
+"a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote\n"
+"for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+msgstr ""
+"您�求从远程 '%s' 拉�，但是未指定一个分支。因为这�是当�\n"
+"分支默认的远程仓库，您必须在命令行中指定一个分支�。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:474 git-parse-remote.sh:73
+msgid "You are not currently on a branch."
+msgstr "您当��在一个分支上。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:476 builtin/pull.c:491 git-parse-remote.sh:79
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to rebase against."
+msgstr "请指定您��基到哪一个分支。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:478 builtin/pull.c:493 git-parse-remote.sh:82
+msgid "Please specify which branch you want to merge with."
+msgstr "请指定您��并哪一个分支。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:479 builtin/pull.c:494
+msgid "See git-pull(1) for details."
+msgstr "详� git-pull(1)。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:487 builtin/pull.c:496
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:64
+msgid "<remote>"
+msgstr "<远程>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:481 builtin/pull.c:496 builtin/pull.c:501
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:65
+msgid "<branch>"
+msgstr "<分支>"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:489 git-parse-remote.sh:75
+msgid "There is no tracking information for the current branch."
+msgstr "当�分支没有跟踪信�。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:498 git-parse-remote.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:"
+msgstr "如果您想�为此分支创建跟踪信�，您�以执行："
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:503
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your configuration specifies to merge with the ref '%s'\n"
+"from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"您的�置中指定��并远程的引用 '%s'，\n"
+"但是没有获�到这个引用。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:864
+msgid "--[no-]autostash option is only valid with --rebase."
+msgstr "--[no-]autostash 选项�在使用 --rebase 时有效。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:872
+msgid "Updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index."
+msgstr "更新尚未诞生的分支，�更添加至索引。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+"fetch 更新了当�的分支。快进您的工作区\n"
+"至�交 %s。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot fast-forward your working tree.\n"
+"After making sure that you saved anything precious from\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"output, run\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"您当�的工作区无法执行快进�作。\n"
+"首先执行如下命令：\n"
+"$ git diff %s\n"
+"以确认所有有用的数��已�存。然�执行下�的命令\n"
+"$ git reset --hard\n"
+"��之�的状�。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:920
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head."
+msgstr "无法将多个分支�并到空分支。"
+
+#: builtin/pull.c:924
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches."
+msgstr "无法�基到多个分支。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:16
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<选项>] [<仓库> [<引用规格>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:89
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "标签��未�供 <标签> �数"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete �接�简�的目标引用�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:143
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"为了永久地选择任一选项，�� 'git help config' 中的 push.default。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"如果您当�分支的上游分支和您当�分支��匹�，为推�到远程的\n"
+"上游分支，使用\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"为推�至远程��分支，使用\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:161
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"您当��在一个分支上。\n"
+"现在为推�当�（分离头指针）的历�，使用\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<远程分支�字>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"当�分支 %s 没有对应的上游分支。\n"
+"为推�当�分支并建立与远程上游的跟踪，使用\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "当�分支 %s 有多个上游分支，拒�推�。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"您正推�至远程 '%s'（其并�当�分支 '%s' 的上游），\n"
+"而没有告诉我�推�什么�更新哪个远程分支。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:242
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr "您没有为推�指定任何引用规格，并且 push.default 为 \"nothing\"。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:249
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒�，因为您当�分支的最新�交��于其对应的远程分支。\n"
+"�次推��，先与远程�更�并（如 'git pull ...'）。详�\n"
+"'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' �节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:255
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒�，因为推�的一个分支的最新�交��于其对应的远程分支。\n"
+"检出该分支并整�远程�更（如 'git pull ...'），然��推�。详�\n"
+"'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' �节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:261
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒�，因为远程仓库包�您本地尚�存在的�交。这通常是因为�外\n"
+"一个仓库已�该引用进行了推�。�次推��，您�能需�先整�远程�更\n"
+"（如 'git pull ...'）。\n"
+"详� 'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' �节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:268
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "更新被拒�，因为该标签在远程已�存在。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:271
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果�使用 '--force' �数，您�能更新一个指���交对象的远程引用，\n"
+"也�能更新远程引用让其指�一个��交对象。\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "推�到 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "无法推�一些引用到 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "�的仓库 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"没有�置推�目标。\n"
+"或通过命令行指定 URL，或用下�命令�置一个远程仓库\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <�称> <地�>\n"
+"\n"
+"然�使用该远程仓库�执行推�\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <�称>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all 和 --tags �兼容"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all �能和引用规格�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror 和 --tags �兼容"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror �能和引用规格�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all 和 --mirror �兼容"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:505
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "仓库"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506 builtin/send-pack.c:161
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "推�所有引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507 builtin/send-pack.c:163
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "镜�所有引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "删除引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "推�标签（�能使用 --all or --mirror）"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513 builtin/send-pack.c:164
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "强制更新"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:515 builtin/send-pack.c:175
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "引用�>:<期望值"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516 builtin/send-pack.c:176
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "�求引用旧的�值为设定值"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "控制�模组的递归推�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521 builtin/send-pack.c:169
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "使用精简打包"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:522 builtin/push.c:523 builtin/send-pack.c:158
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:159
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "接收包程�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "设置 git pull/status 的上游"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "清除本地删除的引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-push 钩�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "推�缺失但有关的标签"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:533 builtin/send-pack.c:166
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "用 GPG 为推�签�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:535 builtin/send-pack.c:170
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "需�远端支�原�事务"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:549
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete 与 --all�--mirror � --tags �兼容"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:551
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete 未接任何引用没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>) "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [(-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<�缀>) [-"
+"u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<文件>] (--empty | <树对象1> [<树对象2> [<树对象3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "将索引结果写入 <文件>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "�是清空索引"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "�并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "读�之余�执行一个�并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "如果没有文件级�并需�，执行三方�并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "存在添加和删除时，也执行三方�并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "类似于 -m，但丢弃未�并的�目"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<�目录>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "读�树对象到索引的 <�目录>/ 下"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "用�并的结果更新工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "�许忽略文件中设定的文件�以被覆盖"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "�并��检查工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "�更新索引区和工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "跳过应用稀�检出过滤器"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "调试 unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:25
+msgid "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+msgstr "git receive-pack <git-dir>"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1719
+msgid "quiet"
+msgstr "�默模�"
+
+#: builtin/receive-pack.c:1733
+msgid "You must specify a directory."
+msgstr "您必须指定一个目录。"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%2$s' 的值 '%1$s' �是一个有效的时间戳"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:540 builtin/reflog.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' �是一个有效的时间戳"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <分支>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <�称> <地�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:34
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <旧�称> <新�称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:39
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <�称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:44
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <�称> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <分支>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <�称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <�称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<组> | <远程>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <�称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote get-url [--push] [--all] <�称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:75
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <�称> <新的地�> [<旧的地�>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:76
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <�称> <新的地�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:24 builtin/remote.c:77
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <�称> <地�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:29
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<选项>] <�称> <地�>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <�称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:50
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <�称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:55
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<选项>] <�称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:60
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<选项>] <�称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:65
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<选项>] [<组> | <远程>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "更新 %s 中"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:126
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror 选项�险且过时，请使用 --mirror=fetch\n"
+"\t 或 --mirror=push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "未知的镜��数：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:159
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "抓�远程的分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "抓�时导入所有的标签和关�对象"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:164
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "或�抓�任何标签（--no-tags）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:166
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "跟踪的分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:167
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "主线分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:169
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "把远程设置为用以推�或抓�的镜�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:181
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "指定一个 master 分支并使用 --mirror 选项没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:183
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "指定�跟踪的分支�在与获�镜��时使用�有�义"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:190 builtin/remote.c:633
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "远程 %s 已�存在。"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:194 builtin/remote.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' �是一个有效的远程�称"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "无法设置 master '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "无法得到引用规格 %s 的获�列表"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:437 builtin/remote.c:445
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "（匹�）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:449
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "（删除）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:626 builtin/remote.c:761 builtin/remote.c:858
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "没有这样的远程：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "�能�命��置�节 '%s' 到 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"没有更新�默认的获�引用规格\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\t如果必�请手动更新�置。"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "删除 '%s' 失败"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "创建 '%s' 失败"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:796
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] "注�：ref/remotes 层级之外的一个分支未被移除。�删除它，使用："
+msgstr[1] "注�：ref/remotes 层级之外的一些分支未被移除。�删除它们，使用："
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:810
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "�能移除�置�节 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " 新的（下一次获�将存储于 remotes/%s）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:914
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " 已跟踪"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:916
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " 过时（使用 'git remote prune' �移除）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:918
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:959
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "无效的 branch.%s.merge，�能�基到一个以上的分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases interactively onto remote %s"
+msgstr "交互��基到远程 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " 与远程 %s �并"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:972
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    且有远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "与远程 %s �并"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:975
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   且有远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1021
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "创建"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1024
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "删除"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1028
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "最新"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1031
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "�快进"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1034
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "本地已过时"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s 强制推�至 %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s 推�至 %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1048
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s 强制推�至 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s 推�至 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "�查询远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* 远程 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1147
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  获�地�：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1148 builtin/remote.c:1301
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(æ—  URL)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon ':' should align with
+#. the one in "  Fetch URL: %s" translation
+#: builtin/remote.c:1159 builtin/remote.c:1161
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  推�地�：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163 builtin/remote.c:1165 builtin/remote.c:1167
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  HEAD 分支：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1169
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  HEAD 分支（远程 HEAD 模糊，�能是下列中的一个）：\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  远程分支：%s"
+msgstr[1] "  远程分支：%s"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
+#: builtin/remote.c:1184 builtin/remote.c:1211
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr "（状�未查询）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1193
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  为 'git pull' �置的本地分支："
+msgstr[1] "  为 'git pull' �置的本地分支："
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  本地引用将在 'git push' 时被镜�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  为 'git push' �置的本地引用%s："
+msgstr[1] "  为 'git push' �置的本地引用%s："
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1229
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "根�远程设置 refs/remotes/<�称>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1231
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "删除 refs/remotes/<�称>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1246
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "无法确定远程 HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1248
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "多个远程 HEAD 分支。请明确地选择一个用命令："
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1258
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "无法删除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "�是一个有效引用：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "�能设置 %s"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: builtin/remote.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s 将�为摇摆状��"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: builtin/remote.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s 已�为摇摆状��"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "修剪 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [将删除] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1317
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [已删除] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1362
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "抓��清除远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1425 builtin/remote.c:1479 builtin/remote.c:1547
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此远程 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1441
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "添加分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1448
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "未指定远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1465
+msgid "query push URLs rather than fetch URLs"
+msgstr "查询推� URL 地�，而�获� URL 地�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1467
+msgid "return all URLs"
+msgstr "返回所有 URL 地�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "no URLs configured for remote '%s'"
+msgstr "没有给远程仓库 '%s' 设定 URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "�作推� URLS"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1523
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "添加 URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1525
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "删除 URLS"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1532
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete 无�义"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "无效的旧 URL 匹�模版：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1581
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "未找到此 URL：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1583
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "将�会删除所有�推� URL 地�"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1597
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "冗长输出；必须置于�命令之�"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "所有内容打包到一个包文件中"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "和 -a 相�，并将��达的对象设为�散对象"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "删除多余的包，�行 git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "� git-pack-objects 传递�数 --no-reuse-delta"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "� git-pack-objects 传递�数 --no-reuse-object"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "��行 git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "� git-pack-objects 传递�数 --local"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "写 bitmap 索引"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "近似日期"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "使用 -A，��将早于给定时间的对象过期"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "用于增�压缩的窗�值"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "字节"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "和上�的相似，但�制内存大�而��目数"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "�制最大增�深度"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "�个包文件的最大尺寸"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "对标记为 .keep 的包中的对象�新打包"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:197
+msgid "cannot delete packs in a precious-objects repo"
+msgstr "�能删除��仓库中的打包文件"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "删除 '%s' 失败"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <对象> <替�物>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <对象>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <�交> [<父�交>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <对象>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<格�>] [-l [<模�>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "�是一个有效的对象�：'%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "�交 '%s' 中�有��的�并标签"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "�交 '%s' 中�有�法的�并标签"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr "原始�交 '%s' 包�已�丢弃的�并标签 '%s'，使用 --edit 代替 --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "原始�交 '%s' 中包�一个 GPG 签�"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "在替�的�交中签�将被移除�"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "�能为 '%s' 写替��交"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "列出替�的引用"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "删除替�的引用"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "编辑现存的对象"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "修改一个�交的父�交"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "如果存在则替�引用"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "��为 --edit �作美观显示内容"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "使用此格�"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <路径>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:58
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "在索引中注册干净的解决方案"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<�交>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <树或�交> [--] <路径>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<树或�交>] [--] [<路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "混�"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "软性"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "硬性"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "�并"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "��"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "无法找到 HEAD 指�的树。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "无法找到 %s 指�的树。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD 现在�于 %s"
+
+#  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s��空格
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "在�并过程中�能�%s�置�作。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "安�模�，�报告错误"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "�置 HEAD 和索引"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "��置 HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "�置 HEAD�索引和工作区"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "�置 HEAD 但�存本地�更"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "将删除的路径标记为��添加"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解�为一个有效的版本。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解�为一个有效的树对象。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard�mixed�soft} 选项�兼容"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr "--mixed 带路径已弃用，而是用 'git reset -- <路径>'。"
+
+#  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s��空格
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "�能带路径进行%s�置。"
+
+#  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s��空格
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "�能对纯仓库进行%s�置"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N �能和 --mixed �时使用"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "�置��消暂存的�更："
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "�能�置索引文件至版本 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "�能写入新的索引文件。"
+
+#: builtin/rev-list.c:350
+msgid "rev-list does not support display of notes"
+msgstr "rev-list �支�显示注解"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:358
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<选项>] -- [<�数>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:363
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "�� `--` 作为一个�数传递"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:365
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "�到第一个�选项�数��止解�"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "以固定长格�输出"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<选项>] -- [<�数>...]\n"
+"   或者：git rev-parse --sq-quote [<�数>...]\n"
+"   或者：git rev-parse [<选项>] [<�数>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"�次使用时执行 \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" �获得更多信�。"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<选项>] <�交�>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <�命令>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<选项>] <�交�>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <�命令>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s：%s �能和 %s �时使用"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "终止�转或拣选�作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "继续�转或拣选�作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "�消�转或拣选�作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "��自动�交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "编辑�交说明"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "父编�"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "�并策略"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "�并策略的选项"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "追加�交�称"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "�留�始化的空�交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "�许�交说明为空"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "��多余的�空的�交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "程�错误"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "还原失败"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "拣选失败"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<选项>] [--] <文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] "以下�模组（或一个其嵌套�模组）使用了一个 .git 目录："
+msgstr[1] "以下�模组（或一个其嵌套�模组）使用了一个 .git 目录："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"（使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它�其全部历�）"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件其暂存的内容和工作区� HEAD 中的都�一样："
+msgstr[1] "如下文件其暂存的内容和工作区� HEAD 中的都�一样："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"（使用 -f 强制删除）"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "下列文件索引中有�更"
+msgstr[1] "下列文件索引中有�更"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"（使用 --cached �留本地文件，或用 -f 强制删除）"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件有本地修改："
+msgstr[1] "如下文件有本地修改："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "�列出删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "�从索引区删除"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "忽略文件更新状�检查"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "�许递归删除"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "�使没有匹�，也以零状�退出"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "未�供 -r 选项�会递归删除 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm：�能删除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> "
+"[<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-"
+"receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<主机>:]<目录> [<引用>...]\n"
+"  --all 和明确的 <引用> 互斥。"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:160
+msgid "remote name"
+msgstr "远程�称"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:171
+msgid "use stateless RPC protocol"
+msgstr "使用无状�的 RPC �议"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:172
+msgid "read refs from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�引用"
+
+#: builtin/send-pack.c:173
+msgid "print status from remote helper"
+msgstr "打��自远程 helper 的状�"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] [<路径>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:242
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "根��个作者的�交数�排�"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:244
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "���交说明，��供�交数�"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:246
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "显示�个作者的电�邮件地�"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:247
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:248
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "折行输出"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<何时>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<版本> | <通�符>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:14
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<引用>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:640
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的和本地的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:642
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:644
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "�色 '*!+-' 到相应的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:646
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "显示共�祖先�的 <n> 个�交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:648
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "和 more=-1 �义"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:649
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "�显示字符串命�"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "包括当�分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "以对象�字命��交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "显示�能�并的基线"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "显示没有任何引用的的引用"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "以拓扑顺�显示�交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "�显示�在第一个分支上的�交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "显示仅一个分支�访问的�并�交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "拓扑方�排�，并尽�能地��日期顺�"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "显示从 base 开始的 <n> �最近的引用日志记录"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<模�>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=<模�>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "�显示标签（�以和头共用）"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "�显示头（�以和标签共用）"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "更严格的引用检测，需�精确的引用路径"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "显示 HEAD 引用，�使被过滤掉"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "转�标签到对象 ID"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "�显示使用 <n> 个数字的 SHA1 哈希"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "�打�结果到标准输出（例如与 --verify �数共用）"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入中读入的�在本地仓库中的引用"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:17
+msgid "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:18
+msgid "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+msgstr "git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines]"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:35
+msgid "skip and remove all lines starting with comment character"
+msgstr "跳过和移除所有的注释行"
+
+#: builtin/stripspace.c:38
+msgid "prepend comment character and space to each line"
+msgstr "为�一行的行首添加注释符和空格"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such ref: %s"
+msgstr "没有这样的引用：%s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Expecting a full ref name, got %s"
+msgstr "期望一个完整的引用�称，�得到 %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '%s'"
+msgstr "无法从 url '%s' 剥离一个组件"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:278 builtin/submodule--helper.c:405
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:486
+msgid "alternative anchor for relative paths"
+msgstr "相对路径的替代锚记（anchor）"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:283
+msgid "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper list [--prefix=<路径>] [<路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:326 builtin/submodule--helper.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '%s' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中未找到�模组 '%s' 的 url"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "无法为�模组 '%s' 注册 url"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule '%s' (%s) registered for path '%s'\n"
+msgstr "�模组 '%s'（%s）未对路径 '%s' 注册\n"
+
+#
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: command update mode suggested for submodule '%s'\n"
+msgstr "警告：建议�模组 '%s' 使用命令更新模�\n"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '%s'"
+msgstr "无法为�模组 '%s' 注册更新模�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:406
+msgid "Suppress output for initializing a submodule"
+msgstr "�始化�模组时抑制输出"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:411
+msgid "git submodule--helper init [<path>]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper init [<路径>]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:432
+msgid "git submodule--helper name <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper name <路径>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "no submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '%s'"
+msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中没有�现路径 '%s' 的�模组映射"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:489
+msgid "where the new submodule will be cloned to"
+msgstr "新的�模组将�克隆的路径"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:492
+msgid "name of the new submodule"
+msgstr "新�模组的�称"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:495
+msgid "url where to clone the submodule from"
+msgstr "克隆�模组的 url 地�"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:501
+msgid "depth for shallow clones"
+msgstr "浅克隆的深度"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:507
+msgid ""
+"git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<path>] [--quiet] [--reference "
+"<repository>] [--name <name>] [--depth <depth>] --url <url> --path <path>"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper clone [--prefix=<路径>] [--quiet] [--reference <仓库>] [--name <�字>] [--depth <深度>] --url <url> --path <路径>"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:532 builtin/submodule--helper.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建目录 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:534
+#, c-format
+msgid "clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"
+msgstr "无法克隆 '%s' 到�模组路径 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法打开文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not close file %s"
+msgstr "无法关闭文件 %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not get submodule directory for '%s'"
+msgstr "无法得到 '%s' 的�模组目录"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Submodule path '%s' not initialized"
+msgstr "�模组 '%s' 尚未�始化"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:613
+msgid "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "也许您想�执行 'update --init'？"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping unmerged submodule %s"
+msgstr "略过未�并的�模组 %s"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping submodule '%s'"
+msgstr "略过�模组 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:768
+msgid "path into the working tree"
+msgstr "到工作区的路径"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:771
+msgid "path into the working tree, across nested submodule boundaries"
+msgstr "工作区中的路径，递归嵌套�模组"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:775
+msgid "rebase, merge, checkout or none"
+msgstr "rebase�merge�checkout 或 none"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:779
+msgid "Create a shallow clone truncated to the specified number of revisions"
+msgstr "创建一个指定深度的浅克隆"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:782
+msgid "parallel jobs"
+msgstr "并�任务"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:783
+msgid "don't print cloning progress"
+msgstr "��输出克隆进度"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:788
+msgid "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<path>] [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git submodule--helper update_clone [--prefix=<路径>] [<路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:798
+msgid "bad value for update parameter"
+msgstr "update �数�值错误"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:855
+msgid "submodule--helper subcommand must be called with a subcommand"
+msgstr "submodule-helper �命令必须由�外的�命令调用"
+
+#: builtin/submodule--helper.c:862
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid submodule--helper subcommand"
+msgstr "'%s' �是一个有效的 submodule--helper �命令"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<选项>] <�称> [<引用>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <�称>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "�显示�符�（分离的）引用的错误信�"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "删除符�引用"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "简短的引用输出"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "原因"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "更新的原因"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <说明> | -F <文件>] <标签�> [<头>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <标签�>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<数字>]] [--contains <�交>] [--points-at <对象>]\n"
+"\t\t[--format=<格�>] [--[no-]merged [<�交>]] [<模�>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:27
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <标签�>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "标签�称太长：%.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "未�现标签 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "已删除标签 '%s'（曾为 %s）\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"输入一个标签说明：\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"输入一个标签说明：\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被�留，如果您愿�也�以删除它们。\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:199
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "无法签署标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:201
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "无法写标签文件"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:226
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "�的对象类型。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "标签头信�太大。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:275
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "无标签说明？"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:281
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "标签说明被�留在 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:339
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "列出标签�称"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:341
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "�个标签信�打� <n> 行"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "删除标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:344
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "验�标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:346
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "标签创建选项"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:348
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "附注标签，需�一个说明"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:350
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "标签说明"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:352
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "附注并附加 GPG 签�的标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:356
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "使用�外的�钥签�该标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:357
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "如果存在，替�现有的标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:358 builtin/update-ref.c:368
+msgid "create a reflog"
+msgstr "创建引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:360
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "标签列表选项"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方�显示标签列表"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:362 builtin/tag.c:363
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "�打�包��交的标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:364
+msgid "print only tags that are merged"
+msgstr "�打�已��并的标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:365
+msgid "print only tags that are not merged"
+msgstr "�打�尚未�并的标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "�打�对象的标签"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:399
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column 和 -n �兼容"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:419
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "-n 选项��许和 -l �时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:421
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--contains 选项��许和 -l �时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--points-at 选项��许和 -l �时使用。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"
+msgstr "选项 --merged 和 --no-merged �能和 -l 共用"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:433
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "��许一个 -F 或 -m 选项。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "太多�数"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' �是一个有效的标签�称。"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "标签 '%s' 已存在"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "已更新标签 '%s'（曾为 %s）\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:490
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "展开对象中"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory %s"
+msgstr "无法创建目录 %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s"
+msgstr "无法枚举 %s 状�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create file %s"
+msgstr "无法创建文件 %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:103
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete file %s"
+msgstr "无法删除文件 %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:110 builtin/update-index.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to delete directory %s"
+msgstr "无法删除目录 %s"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Testing mtime in '%s' "
+msgstr "在 '%s' 中测试 mtime "
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:145
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new file"
+msgstr "添加一个新文件�，目录的状�信�未改�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:158
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after adding a new directory"
+msgstr "添加一个新目录�，目录的状�信�未改�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:171
+msgid "directory stat info changes after updating a file"
+msgstr "更新一个文件�，目录的状�信�被修改"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:182
+msgid "directory stat info changes after adding a file inside subdirectory"
+msgstr "在�目录中添加文件�，目录的状�信�被修改"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:193
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a file"
+msgstr "删除一个文件�，目录的状�信�未改�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:206
+msgid "directory stat info does not change after deleting a directory"
+msgstr "删除一个目录�，目录的状�信�未改�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:213
+msgid " OK"
+msgstr " OK"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:575
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<选项>] [--] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:930
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "当索引需�更新时继续刷新"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:933
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "刷新：忽略�模组"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:936
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "�忽略新的文件"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:938
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "让文件替�目录（�之亦然）"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:940
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "通知文件从工作区丢失"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:942
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "�使索引区包�未�并的�目也执行刷新"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:945
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "刷新统计信�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:949
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "类似于 --refresh，但是忽略 assume-unchanged 设置"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:953
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<存�模�>,<对象>,<路径>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:954
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "添加指定的�目到索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:958
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:959
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "覆盖列表里文件的�执行�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:963
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"没有�更\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:966
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "清除 assumed-unchanged �"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:969
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"仅索引\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:972
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "清除 skip-worktree �"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:975
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "�添加到索引区；�添加对象到对象库"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:977
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "�使存在工作区里，也删除路径"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:979
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "�带 --stdin：输入的行以 null 字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:981
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入中读�需�更新的路径列表"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:985
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "从标准输入添加�目到索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:989
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "为指定文件�新生�第2和第3暂存区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:993
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "�更新与 HEAD ��的�目"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:997
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "忽略工作区丢失的文件"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1000
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "在标准输出显示�作"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1002
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(for porcelains) 忘记�存的未解决的冲�"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1006
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "以这�格�写入索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1008
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "�用或�用索引拆分"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1010
+msgid "enable/disable untracked cache"
+msgstr "�用/�用对未跟踪文件的缓存"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1012
+msgid "test if the filesystem supports untracked cache"
+msgstr "测试文件系统是�支�未跟踪文件缓存"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1014
+msgid "enable untracked cache without testing the filesystem"
+msgstr "无需检测文件系统，�用对未跟踪文件的缓存"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1134
+msgid "Untracked cache disabled"
+msgstr "缓存未跟踪文件被�用"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked cache enabled for '%s'"
+msgstr "缓存未跟踪文件在 '%s' �用"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<选项>] -d <引用�> [<旧值>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<选项>]    <引用�> <新值> [<旧值>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<选项>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "删除引用"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:365
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "更新 <引用�> 本身而�是它指�的引用"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:366
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "标准输入有以 NUL 字符终止的�数"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:367
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�更新"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "从头开始更新文件信�"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <�交>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:72
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "打��交内容"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:73 builtin/verify-tag.c:35
+msgid "print raw gpg status output"
+msgstr "打�原始 gpg 状�输出"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <包>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "冗长输出"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "�显示统计"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <标签>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:34
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "打�标签内容"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:15
+msgid "git worktree add [<options>] <path> [<branch>]"
+msgstr "git worktree add [<选项>] <路径> [<分支>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:16
+msgid "git worktree prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree prune [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:17
+msgid "git worktree list [<options>]"
+msgstr "git worktree list [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: not a valid directory"
+msgstr "删除工作区/%s：�是一个有效的目录"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:46
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file does not exist"
+msgstr "删除 worktrees/%s：gitdir 文件�存在"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:51
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: unable to read gitdir file (%s)"
+msgstr "删除 worktrees/%s：无法读� gitdir 文件 (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: invalid gitdir file"
+msgstr "删除 worktrees/%s：无效的 gitdir 文件"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:78
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing worktrees/%s: gitdir file points to non-existent location"
+msgstr "删除 worktrees/%s：gitdir 文件的指��存在"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove '%s'"
+msgstr "无法删除 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' already exists"
+msgstr "'%s' 已�存在"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create directory of '%s'"
+msgstr "�能创建目录 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Preparing %s (identifier %s)"
+msgstr "准备 %s （标识符 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:322
+msgid "checkout <branch> even if already checked out in other worktree"
+msgstr "检出分支 <branch> �使已�被检出到其它工作区"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:324
+msgid "create a new branch"
+msgstr "创建一个新分支"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:326
+msgid "create or reset a branch"
+msgstr "创建或�置一个分支"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:327
+msgid "detach HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "HEAD 从指定的�交分离"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:328
+msgid "populate the new working tree"
+msgstr "生�新的工作区"
+
+#: builtin/worktree.c:336
+msgid "-b, -B, and --detach are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b�-B 和 --detach 是互斥的"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<�缀>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<�缀>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "将 <�缀> �目录内容写到一个树对象"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "�对调试有用"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:271
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "调试信�输出到标准错误"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"命令 'git help -a' 和 'git help -g' 显示�用的�命令和一些概念帮助。\n"
+"查看 'git help <命令>' 或 'git help <概念>' 以获�给定�命令或概念的\n"
+"帮助。"
+
+#: http.c:322
+msgid "Public key pinning not supported with cURL < 7.44.0"
+msgstr "�支�公钥文件�定，因为 cURL < 7.44.0"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)"
+msgstr "开始一个工作区（��：git help tutorial）"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)"
+msgstr "在当��更上工作（��：git help everyday）"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)"
+msgstr "检查历�和状�（��：git help revisions）"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "grow, mark and tweak your common history"
+msgstr "扩展�标记和调校您的历�记录"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "collaborate (see also: git help workflows)"
+msgstr "��（��：git help workflows）"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "添加文件内容至索引"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "通过二分查找定�引入 bug 的�交"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "列出�创建或删除分支"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Switch branches or restore working tree files"
+msgstr "切�分支或��工作区文件"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "克隆一个仓库到一个新目录"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "记录�更到仓库"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "显示�交之间��交和工作区之间等的差异"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "从�外一个仓库下载对象和引用"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "输出和模�匹�的行"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "创建一个空的 Git 仓库或�新�始化一个已存在的仓库"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "显示�交日志"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "�并两个或更多开�历�"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:29
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "移动或�命�一个文件�目录或符�链接"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:30
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "获�并整��外的仓库或一个本地分支"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:31
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "更新远程引用和相关的对象"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:32
+msgid "Reapply commits on top of another base tip"
+msgstr "在�一个分支上�新应用�交"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:33
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "�置当� HEAD 到指定状�"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:34
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "从工作区和索引中删除文件"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:35
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "显示��类型的对象"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:36
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "显示工作区状�"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:37
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "创建�列出�删除或校验一个 GPG 签�的标签对象"
+
+#: parse-options.h:145
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "到期时间"
+
+#: parse-options.h:160
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "空�作（��兼容）"
+
+#: parse-options.h:237
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "更加详细"
+
+#: parse-options.h:239
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "更加安�"
+
+#: parse-options.h:245
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "用 <n> �数字显示 SHA-1 哈希值"
+
+#: rerere.h:40
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "如果�能，�用冲�解决更新索引"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:55
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "您需�执行 \"git bisect start\" �开始"
+
+#  译者：注����尾空格
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:61
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "您想让我为您这样�么[Y/n]？ "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:122
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "未能识别的选项：'$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:126
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' 看起���是一个有效的版本"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:155
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "�的 HEAD - 我需�一个 HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr "检出 '$start_head' 失败。�试 'git bisect reset <有效分支>'。"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:178
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "�会在�了 cg-seek 的树上�二分查找"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:182
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "�的 HEAD - 奇怪的符�引用"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:234
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "�的 bisect_write �数：$state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:263
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "输入�的版本：$arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:278
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "请在调用 'bisect_state' 时跟至少一个�数。"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:290
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "输入�的版本：$rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:299
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect $TERM_BAD' �能带一个�数。"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:322
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a $TERM_BAD commit."
+msgstr "警告：在仅有一个�（$TERM_BAD）�交下进行二分查找。"
+
+#  译者：注����尾空格
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:328
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "您确认么[Y/n]？ "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one $bad_syn and one $good_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"您需�给我至少一个好版本和一个�版本。\n"
+"（为此您�以用 \"git bisect $bad_syn\" 和 \"git bisect $good_syn\" 命令。）"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:343
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one $good_syn and one $bad_syn revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect $bad_syn\" and \"git bisect $good_syn\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"您需�执行 \"git bisect start\" �开始。\n"
+"然�需��供我至少一个好版本和一个�版本。\n"
+"（为此您�以用 \"git bisect $bad_syn\" 和 \"git bisect $good_syn\" 命令。）"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:414 git-bisect.sh:546
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "我们没有在二分查找。"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:421
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' �是一个有效的�交"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"�能检出原始 HEAD '$branch'。\n"
+"�试 'git bisect reset <�交>'。"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:458
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "未�供日志文件"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "�能读� $file ��放"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:480
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? 您在说什么?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "�行 $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:499
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"二分查找�行失败：\n"
+"命令 '$command' 的退出� $res �于 0 或大于等于 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:525
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "二分查找�能继续�行"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"二分查找�行失败：\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' 退出�为 $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:538
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "二分查找�行�功"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:565
+msgid "please use two different terms"
+msgstr "请使用两个��的术语"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$term' is not a valid term"
+msgstr "'$term' �是一个有效的�称"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:578
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't use the builtin command '$term' as a term"
+msgstr "�能使用内置命令 '$term' 作为术语"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:587 git-bisect.sh:593
+#, sh-format
+msgid "can't change the meaning of term '$term'"
+msgstr "�能修改术语 '$term' 的�义"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:606
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Invalid command: you're currently in a $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD bisect."
+msgstr "无效的命令：您当�正处于一个 $TERM_BAD/$TERM_GOOD 二分查找。"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:636
+msgid "no terms defined"
+msgstr "未定义术语"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:653
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"invalid argument $arg for 'git bisect terms'.\n"
+"Supported options are: --term-good|--term-old and --term-bad|--term-new."
+msgstr ""
+"�数 $arg 对命令 'git bisect terms' 无效。\n"
+"支�的选项有：--term-good|--term-old 和 --term-bad|--term-new。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"当您解决了此问题�，执行 \"git rebase --continue\"。\n"
+"如果您想跳过此补�，则执行 \"git rebase --skip\"。\n"
+"���原分支并�止�基，执行 \"git rebase --abort\"。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "�功应用 autostash。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:171
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "无法�存 $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:172
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"应用 autostash 导致冲�。\n"
+"您的修改安全地�存在 stash 中。\n"
+"您�以在任何时候�行 \"git stash pop\" 或 \"git stash drop\"。\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:211
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "钩� pre-rebase 拒��基�作。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:216
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "似乎正处于在 git-am 的执行过程中。无法�基。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:357
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "没有正在进行的�基？"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:368
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "动作 --edit-todo �能用在交互��基过程中。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:375
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "�能读� HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:378
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"您必须编辑所有的�并冲�，然�通过 git add\n"
+"命令将它们标记为已解决"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "无法移回 $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"好�已有 $state_dir_base 目录，我怀疑您正处于�外一个�基�作\n"
+"过程中。 如果是这样，请执行\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"如果�是这样，请执行\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"然���新执行�基�作。 为��丢失��数�，我已��止当��作。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "无效的上游 $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:490
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: 有一个以上的�并基准"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:493 git-rebase.sh:497
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: 没有�并基准"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:502
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "没有指�一个有效的�交：$onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:525
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "严�错误：无此分支：$branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:558
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "无法 autostash"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "创建了 autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:567
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "请�交或为它们�存进度。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:587
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "当�分支 $branch_name 是最新的。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "当�分支 $branch_name 是最新的，强制�基。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:602
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "�更从 $mb 到 $onto："
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:611
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "首先，回退分支以便在上��放您的工作..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:621
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "快进 $branch_name 至 $onto_name。"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear �支��数"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "您尚未建立�始�交"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "无法�存当�索引状�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "无法�存当�工作区状�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "没有选择�更"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "无法删除临时索引（�应�生）"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "�能记录工作区状�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "无法用 $w_commit 更新 $ref_stash"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"错误：'stash save' 的未知选项：$option\n"
+"      ��供一个�述信�，使用 git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:260
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "没有��存的本地修改"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "无法�始化 stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "无法�存当�状�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:286
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "无法删除工作区�更"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unknown option: $opt"
+msgstr "未知选项: $opt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:415
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "未�现 stash。"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "指定了太多的版本：$REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference �是一个有效的引用"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' �是 stash 样�交"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' �是一个 stash 引用"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "无法刷新索引"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:479
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "无法在�并过程中��进度"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:487
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "索引中有冲�。�试�使用 --index。"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:489
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "�能�存索引树"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "无法将修改的文件�消暂存"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:538
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "索引的进度没有被��。"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "丢弃了 ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}：�能丢弃进度�目"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "未指定分支�"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:642
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "（为��数�输入 \"git stash apply\"）"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:219
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "�能在工作区的顶级目录中使用相对路径"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:229
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "仓库 URL：'$repo' 必须是�对路径或以 ./|../ 起始"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:246
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' 已�存在于索引中"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:250
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"以下路径被您的一个 .gitignore 文件所忽略：\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"如果您确实想添加它，使用 -f �数。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:268
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "添加�于 '$sm_path' 的现存仓库到索引"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' 已存在且�是一个有效的 git 仓库"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:278
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "本地�现 '$sm_name' 的一个 git 目录，与其对应的远程仓库："
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:280
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "如果您想�用此本地 git 目录而�是�新克隆自"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:282
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr "使用 '--force' �数。如果本地 git 目录�是正确的仓库"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "或者您�确定其中�义使用 '--name' �数选择�外一个�称。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:285
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "激活本地 git 目录到�模组 '$sm_name'。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "�能检出�模组 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法添加�模组 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:311
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法注册�模组 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "正在进入 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:375
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "�止于 '$displaypath'；脚本返回�零值。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:448
+#, sh-format
+msgid "pathspec and --all are incompatible"
+msgstr "pathspec 和 --all �兼容"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:453
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '--all' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "如果您确实想�对所有�模组执行�消�始化，请使用 '--all'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "�模组工作区 '$displaypath' 包�一个 .git 目录"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "（使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它�其全部历�）"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr "�模组工作区 '$displaypath' 包�本地修改；使用 '-f' 丢弃它们"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "已清除目录 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法移除�模组工作区 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�能创建空的�模组目录 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�模组 '$name' ($url) 未对路径 '$displaypath' 注册"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:635
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中找到当�版本"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:644
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$sm_path' 中获�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中获�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中检出 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:681
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�模组路径 '$displaypath'：检出 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:685
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中�基 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:686
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�模组路径 '$displaypath'：�基至 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法�并 '$sha1' 到�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�模组路径 '$displaypath'：已�并入 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:697
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "在�模组 '$displaypath' 中执行 '$command $sha1' 失败"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "�模组 '$displaypath'：'$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:729
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法递归进�模组路径 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:837
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "选项 --cached �能和选项 --files �时使用"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "�外的模� $mod_dst"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: git-submodule.sh:909
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包��交 $sha1_src"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: git-submodule.sh:912
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包��交 $sha1_dst"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: git-submodule.sh:915
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包��交 $sha1_src 和 $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:940
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "数�对象"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1059
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法递归进�模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1123
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "为 '$displaypath' �步�模组 url"
+
+#: git-parse-remote.sh:89
+#, sh-format
+msgid "See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+msgstr "详� git-${cmd}(1)。"
diff --git a/ppc/sha1.h b/ppc/sha1.h
index c405f734c2..9b24b32615 100644
--- a/ppc/sha1.h
+++ b/ppc/sha1.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ int ppc_SHA1_Init(ppc_SHA_CTX *c);
 int ppc_SHA1_Update(ppc_SHA_CTX *c, const void *p, unsigned long n);
 int ppc_SHA1_Final(unsigned char *hash, ppc_SHA_CTX *c);
 
-#define git_SHA_CTX	ppc_SHA_CTX
-#define git_SHA1_Init	ppc_SHA1_Init
-#define git_SHA1_Update	ppc_SHA1_Update
-#define git_SHA1_Final	ppc_SHA1_Final
+#define platform_SHA_CTX	ppc_SHA_CTX
+#define platform_SHA1_Init	ppc_SHA1_Init
+#define platform_SHA1_Update	ppc_SHA1_Update
+#define platform_SHA1_Final	ppc_SHA1_Final
diff --git a/preload-index.c b/preload-index.c
index 49cb08df96..c1fe3a3ef9 100644
--- a/preload-index.c
+++ b/preload-index.c
@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2008 Linus Torvalds
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	; /* nothing */
 }
@@ -24,7 +27,7 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 struct thread_data {
 	pthread_t pthread;
 	struct index_state *index;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int offset, nr;
 };
 
@@ -34,11 +37,8 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 	struct thread_data *p = _data;
 	struct index_state *index = p->index;
 	struct cache_entry **cep = index->cache + p->offset;
-	struct cache_def cache;
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	struct cache_def cache = CACHE_DEF_INIT;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, p->pathspec);
-	memset(&cache, 0, sizeof(cache));
 	nr = p->nr;
 	if (nr + p->offset > index->cache_nr)
 		nr = index->cache_nr - p->offset;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 			continue;
 		if (ce_uptodate(ce))
 			continue;
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &p->pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		if (threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(&cache, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
 			continue;
@@ -63,11 +63,12 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 			continue;
 		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 	} while (--nr > 0);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
+	cache_def_clear(&cache);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int threads, i, work, offset;
 	struct thread_data data[MAX_PARALLEL];
@@ -82,10 +83,12 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 		threads = MAX_PARALLEL;
 	offset = 0;
 	work = DIV_ROUND_UP(index->cache_nr, threads);
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
 	for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
 		struct thread_data *p = data+i;
 		p->index = index;
-		p->pathspec = pathspec;
+		if (pathspec)
+			copy_pathspec(&p->pathspec, pathspec);
 		p->offset = offset;
 		p->nr = work;
 		offset += work;
@@ -100,7 +103,8 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 }
 #endif
 
-int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index,
+		       const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int retval = read_index(index);
 
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
index 1580299d40..330a5e0015 100644
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@
 #include "notes.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "reflog-walk.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 static char *user_format;
 static struct cmt_fmt_map {
 	const char *name;
 	enum cmit_fmt format;
 	int is_tformat;
+	int expand_tabs_in_log;
 	int is_alias;
 	const char *user_format;
 } *commit_formats;
@@ -23,6 +25,11 @@ static size_t commit_formats_len;
 static size_t commit_formats_alloc;
 static struct cmt_fmt_map *find_commit_format(const char *sought);
 
+int commit_format_is_empty(enum cmit_fmt fmt)
+{
+	return fmt == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT && !*user_format;
+}
+
 static void save_user_format(struct rev_info *rev, const char *cp, int is_tformat)
 {
 	free(user_format);
@@ -39,10 +46,9 @@ static int git_pretty_formats_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *c
 	const char *fmt;
 	int i;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "pretty."))
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, "pretty.", &name))
 		return 0;
 
-	name = var + strlen("pretty.");
 	for (i = 0; i < builtin_formats_len; i++) {
 		if (!strcmp(commit_formats[i].name, name))
 			return 0;
@@ -65,11 +71,12 @@ static int git_pretty_formats_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *c
 
 	commit_format->name = xstrdup(name);
 	commit_format->format = CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
-	git_config_string(&fmt, var, value);
-	if (!prefixcmp(fmt, "format:") || !prefixcmp(fmt, "tformat:")) {
-		commit_format->is_tformat = fmt[0] == 't';
-		fmt = strchr(fmt, ':') + 1;
-	} else if (strchr(fmt, '%'))
+	if (git_config_string(&fmt, var, value))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(fmt, "format:", &fmt))
+		commit_format->is_tformat = 0;
+	else if (skip_prefix(fmt, "tformat:", &fmt) || strchr(fmt, '%'))
 		commit_format->is_tformat = 1;
 	else
 		commit_format->is_alias = 1;
@@ -81,13 +88,14 @@ static int git_pretty_formats_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *c
 static void setup_commit_formats(void)
 {
 	struct cmt_fmt_map builtin_formats[] = {
-		{ "raw",	CMIT_FMT_RAW,		0 },
-		{ "medium",	CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM,	0 },
-		{ "short",	CMIT_FMT_SHORT,		0 },
-		{ "email",	CMIT_FMT_EMAIL,		0 },
-		{ "fuller",	CMIT_FMT_FULLER,	0 },
-		{ "full",	CMIT_FMT_FULL,		0 },
-		{ "oneline",	CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,	1 }
+		{ "raw",	CMIT_FMT_RAW,		0,	0 },
+		{ "medium",	CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM,	0,	8 },
+		{ "short",	CMIT_FMT_SHORT,		0,	0 },
+		{ "email",	CMIT_FMT_EMAIL,		0,	0 },
+		{ "mboxrd",	CMIT_FMT_MBOXRD,	0,	0 },
+		{ "fuller",	CMIT_FMT_FULLER,	0,	8 },
+		{ "full",	CMIT_FMT_FULL,		0,	8 },
+		{ "oneline",	CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,	1,	0 }
 	};
 	commit_formats_len = ARRAY_SIZE(builtin_formats);
 	builtin_formats_len = commit_formats_len;
@@ -114,7 +122,7 @@ static struct cmt_fmt_map *find_commit_format_recursive(const char *sought,
 	for (i = 0; i < commit_formats_len; i++) {
 		size_t match_len;
 
-		if (prefixcmp(commit_formats[i].name, sought))
+		if (!starts_with(commit_formats[i].name, sought))
 			continue;
 
 		match_len = strlen(commit_formats[i].name);
@@ -146,16 +154,16 @@ void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *rev)
 	struct cmt_fmt_map *commit_format;
 
 	rev->use_terminator = 0;
-	if (!arg || !*arg) {
+	if (!arg) {
 		rev->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
 		return;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "format:") || !prefixcmp(arg, "tformat:")) {
-		save_user_format(rev, strchr(arg, ':') + 1, arg[0] == 't');
+	if (skip_prefix(arg, "format:", &arg)) {
+		save_user_format(rev, arg, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (strchr(arg, '%')) {
+	if (!*arg || skip_prefix(arg, "tformat:", &arg) || strchr(arg, '%')) {
 		save_user_format(rev, arg, 1);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -166,6 +174,7 @@ void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *rev)
 
 	rev->commit_format = commit_format->format;
 	rev->use_terminator = commit_format->is_tformat;
+	rev->expand_tabs_in_log_default = commit_format->expand_tabs_in_log;
 	if (commit_format->format == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) {
 		save_user_format(rev, commit_format->user_format,
 				 commit_format->is_tformat);
@@ -230,7 +239,7 @@ static int is_rfc822_special(char ch)
 	}
 }
 
-static int has_rfc822_specials(const char *s, int len)
+static int needs_rfc822_quoting(const char *s, int len)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
@@ -239,6 +248,17 @@ static int has_rfc822_specials(const char *s, int len)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int last_line_length(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* How many bytes are already used on the last line? */
+	for (i = sb->len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		if (sb->buf[i] == '\n')
+			break;
+	return sb->len - (i + 1);
+}
+
 static void add_rfc822_quoted(struct strbuf *out, const char *s, int len)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -260,124 +280,228 @@ static void add_rfc822_quoted(struct strbuf *out, const char *s, int len)
 	strbuf_addch(out, '"');
 }
 
-static int is_rfc2047_special(char ch)
+enum rfc2047_type {
+	RFC2047_SUBJECT,
+	RFC2047_ADDRESS
+};
+
+static int is_rfc2047_special(char ch, enum rfc2047_type type)
 {
-	return (non_ascii(ch) || (ch == '=') || (ch == '?') || (ch == '_'));
+	/*
+	 * rfc2047, section 4.2:
+	 *
+	 *    8-bit values which correspond to printable ASCII characters other
+	 *    than "=", "?", and "_" (underscore), MAY be represented as those
+	 *    characters.  (But see section 5 for restrictions.)  In
+	 *    particular, SPACE and TAB MUST NOT be represented as themselves
+	 *    within encoded words.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * rule out non-ASCII characters and non-printable characters (the
+	 * non-ASCII check should be redundant as isprint() is not localized
+	 * and only knows about ASCII, but be defensive about that)
+	 */
+	if (non_ascii(ch) || !isprint(ch))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * rule out special printable characters (' ' should be the only
+	 * whitespace character considered printable, but be defensive and use
+	 * isspace())
+	 */
+	if (isspace(ch) || ch == '=' || ch == '?' || ch == '_')
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * rfc2047, section 5.3:
+	 *
+	 *    As a replacement for a 'word' entity within a 'phrase', for example,
+	 *    one that precedes an address in a From, To, or Cc header.  The ABNF
+	 *    definition for 'phrase' from RFC 822 thus becomes:
+	 *
+	 *    phrase = 1*( encoded-word / word )
+	 *
+	 *    In this case the set of characters that may be used in a "Q"-encoded
+	 *    'encoded-word' is restricted to: <upper and lower case ASCII
+	 *    letters, decimal digits, "!", "*", "+", "-", "/", "=", and "_"
+	 *    (underscore, ASCII 95.)>.  An 'encoded-word' that appears within a
+	 *    'phrase' MUST be separated from any adjacent 'word', 'text' or
+	 *    'special' by 'linear-white-space'.
+	 */
+
+	if (type != RFC2047_ADDRESS)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* '=' and '_' are special cases and have been checked above */
+	return !(isalnum(ch) || ch == '!' || ch == '*' || ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '/');
 }
 
-static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, int len,
-		       const char *encoding)
+static int needs_rfc2047_encoding(const char *line, int len,
+				  enum rfc2047_type type)
 {
-	static const int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2822 */
 	int i;
-	int line_len;
-
-	/* How many bytes are already used on the current line? */
-	for (i = sb->len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-		if (sb->buf[i] == '\n')
-			break;
-	line_len = sb->len - (i+1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		int ch = line[i];
 		if (non_ascii(ch) || ch == '\n')
-			goto needquote;
+			return 1;
 		if ((i + 1 < len) && (ch == '=' && line[i+1] == '?'))
-			goto needquote;
+			return 1;
 	}
-	strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, line, len, 0, 1, max_length - line_len);
-	return;
 
-needquote:
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, size_t len,
+		       const char *encoding, enum rfc2047_type type)
+{
+	static const int max_encoded_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
+	int i;
+	int line_len = last_line_length(sb);
+
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len * 3 + strlen(encoding) + 100);
 	strbuf_addf(sb, "=?%s?q?", encoding);
 	line_len += strlen(encoding) + 5; /* 5 for =??q? */
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		unsigned ch = line[i] & 0xFF;
 
-		if (line_len >= max_length - 2) {
-			strbuf_addf(sb, "?=\n =?%s?q?", encoding);
-			line_len = strlen(encoding) + 5 + 1; /* =??q? plus SP */
-		}
+	while (len) {
+		/*
+		 * RFC 2047, section 5 (3):
+		 *
+		 * Each 'encoded-word' MUST represent an integral number of
+		 * characters.  A multi-octet character may not be split across
+		 * adjacent 'encoded- word's.
+		 */
+		const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)line;
+		int chrlen = mbs_chrlen(&line, &len, encoding);
+		int is_special = (chrlen > 1) || is_rfc2047_special(*p, type);
+
+		/* "=%02X" * chrlen, or the byte itself */
+		const char *encoded_fmt = is_special ? "=%02X"    : "%c";
+		int	    encoded_len = is_special ? 3 * chrlen : 1;
 
 		/*
-		 * We encode ' ' using '=20' even though rfc2047
-		 * allows using '_' for readability.  Unfortunately,
-		 * many programs do not understand this and just
-		 * leave the underscore in place.
+		 * According to RFC 2047, we could encode the special character
+		 * ' ' (space) with '_' (underscore) for readability. But many
+		 * programs do not understand this and just leave the
+		 * underscore in place. Thus, we do nothing special here, which
+		 * causes ' ' to be encoded as '=20', avoiding this problem.
 		 */
-		if (is_rfc2047_special(ch) || ch == ' ' || ch == '\n') {
-			strbuf_addf(sb, "=%02X", ch);
-			line_len += 3;
-		}
-		else {
-			strbuf_addch(sb, ch);
-			line_len++;
+
+		if (line_len + encoded_len + 2 > max_encoded_length) {
+			/* It won't fit with trailing "?=" --- break the line */
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "?=\n =?%s?q?", encoding);
+			line_len = strlen(encoding) + 5 + 1; /* =??q? plus SP */
 		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < chrlen; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(sb, encoded_fmt, p[i]);
+		line_len += encoded_len;
 	}
 	strbuf_addstr(sb, "?=");
 }
 
-void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+const char *show_ident_date(const struct ident_split *ident,
+			    const struct date_mode *mode)
+{
+	unsigned long date = 0;
+	long tz = 0;
+
+	if (ident->date_begin && ident->date_end)
+		date = strtoul(ident->date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	if (date_overflows(date))
+		date = 0;
+	else {
+		if (ident->tz_begin && ident->tz_end)
+			tz = strtol(ident->tz_begin, NULL, 10);
+		if (tz >= INT_MAX || tz <= INT_MIN)
+			tz = 0;
+	}
+	return show_date(date, tz, mode);
+}
+
+void pp_user_info(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding)
 {
-	char *date;
-	int namelen;
-	unsigned long time;
-	int tz;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	char *line_end;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
+	int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2822 */
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
 		return;
-	date = strchr(line, '>');
-	if (!date)
+
+	line_end = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, line, line_end - line))
 		return;
-	namelen = ++date - line;
-	time = strtoul(date, &date, 10);
-	tz = strtol(date, NULL, 10);
-
-	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
-		char *name_tail = strchr(line, '<');
-		int display_name_length;
-		int final_line;
-		if (!name_tail)
-			return;
-		while (line < name_tail && isspace(name_tail[-1]))
-			name_tail--;
-		display_name_length = name_tail - line;
+
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (pp->mailmap)
+		map_user(pp->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
+
+	if (cmit_fmt_is_mail(pp->fmt)) {
+		if (pp->from_ident && ident_cmp(pp->from_ident, &ident)) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "From: ");
+			strbuf_add(&buf, namebuf, namelen);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, " <");
+			strbuf_add(&buf, mailbuf, maillen);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, ">\n");
+			string_list_append(&pp->in_body_headers,
+					   strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+
+			mailbuf = pp->from_ident->mail_begin;
+			maillen = pp->from_ident->mail_end - mailbuf;
+			namebuf = pp->from_ident->name_begin;
+			namelen = pp->from_ident->name_end - namebuf;
+		}
+
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, "From: ");
-		if (!has_rfc822_specials(line, display_name_length)) {
-			add_rfc2047(sb, line, display_name_length, encoding);
-		} else {
+		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(namebuf, namelen, RFC2047_ADDRESS)) {
+			add_rfc2047(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+				    encoding, RFC2047_ADDRESS);
+			max_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
+		} else if (needs_rfc822_quoting(namebuf, namelen)) {
 			struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
-			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, line, display_name_length);
-			add_rfc2047(sb, quoted.buf, quoted.len, encoding);
+			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, namebuf, namelen);
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, quoted.buf, quoted.len,
+							-6, 1, max_length);
 			strbuf_release(&quoted);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+						 -6, 1, max_length);
 		}
-		for (final_line = 0; final_line < sb->len; final_line++)
-			if (sb->buf[sb->len - final_line - 1] == '\n')
-				break;
-		if (namelen - display_name_length + final_line > 78) {
+
+		if (max_length <
+		    last_line_length(sb) + strlen(" <") + maillen + strlen(">"))
 			strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-			if (!isspace(name_tail[0]))
-				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-		}
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_tail, namelen - display_name_length);
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+		strbuf_addf(sb, " <%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	} else {
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s\n", what,
-			      (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0,
-			      "    ", namelen, line);
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s <%.*s>\n", what,
+			    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0, "    ",
+			    (int)namelen, namebuf, (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	}
+
 	switch (pp->fmt) {
 	case CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n", show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, &pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_EMAIL:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n", show_date(time, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+	case CMIT_FMT_MBOXRD:
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_FULLER:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what, show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what,
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, &pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	default:
 		/* notin' */
@@ -388,7 +512,7 @@ void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 static int is_empty_line(const char *line, int *len_p)
 {
 	int len = *len_p;
-	while (len && isspace(line[len-1]))
+	while (len && isspace(line[len - 1]))
 		len--;
 	*len_p = len;
 	return !len;
@@ -413,7 +537,7 @@ static void add_merge_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 {
 	struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
 
-	if ((pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) || (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) ||
+	if ((pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) || (cmit_fmt_is_mail(pp->fmt)) ||
 	    !parent || !parent->next)
 		return;
 
@@ -423,9 +547,9 @@ static void add_merge_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		struct commit *p = parent->item;
 		const char *hex = NULL;
 		if (pp->abbrev)
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(p->object.sha1, pp->abbrev);
+			hex = find_unique_abbrev(p->object.oid.hash, pp->abbrev);
 		if (!hex)
-			hex = sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1);
+			hex = oid_to_hex(&p->object.oid);
 		parent = parent->next;
 
 		strbuf_addf(sb, " %s", hex);
@@ -433,28 +557,11 @@ static void add_merge_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
-static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *key)
+static char *get_header(const char *msg, const char *key)
 {
-	int key_len = strlen(key);
-	const char *line = commit->buffer;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		const char *eol = strchr(line, '\n'), *next;
-
-		if (line == eol)
-			return NULL;
-		if (!eol) {
-			eol = line + strlen(line);
-			next = NULL;
-		} else
-			next = eol + 1;
-		if (eol - line > key_len &&
-		    !strncmp(line, key, key_len) &&
-		    line[key_len] == ' ') {
-			return xmemdupz(line + key_len + 1, eol - line - key_len - 1);
-		}
-		line = next;
-	}
+	size_t len;
+	const char *v = find_commit_header(msg, key, &len);
+	return v ? xmemdupz(v, len) : NULL;
 }
 
 static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
@@ -464,7 +571,7 @@ static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
 	char *cp = buf;
 
 	/* guess if there is an encoding header before a \n\n */
-	while (strncmp(cp, "encoding ", strlen("encoding "))) {
+	while (!starts_with(cp, "encoding ")) {
 		cp = strchr(cp, '\n');
 		if (!cp || *++cp == '\n')
 			return buf;
@@ -488,34 +595,76 @@ static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
 	return strbuf_detach(&tmp, NULL);
 }
 
-char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
-		      const char *output_encoding)
+const char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+			    char **commit_encoding,
+			    const char *output_encoding)
 {
 	static const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 	const char *use_encoding;
 	char *encoding;
+	const char *msg = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
 	char *out;
 
-	if (!*output_encoding)
-		return NULL;
-	encoding = get_header(commit, "encoding");
+	if (!output_encoding || !*output_encoding) {
+		if (commit_encoding)
+			*commit_encoding = get_header(msg, "encoding");
+		return msg;
+	}
+	encoding = get_header(msg, "encoding");
+	if (commit_encoding)
+		*commit_encoding = encoding;
 	use_encoding = encoding ? encoding : utf8;
-	if (!strcmp(use_encoding, output_encoding))
-		if (encoding) /* we'll strip encoding header later */
-			out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
+	if (same_encoding(use_encoding, output_encoding)) {
+		/*
+		 * No encoding work to be done. If we have no encoding header
+		 * at all, then there's nothing to do, and we can return the
+		 * message verbatim (whether newly allocated or not).
+		 */
+		if (!encoding)
+			return msg;
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we still want to munge the encoding header in the
+		 * result, which will be done by modifying the buffer. If we
+		 * are using a fresh copy, we can reuse it. But if we are using
+		 * the cached copy from get_commit_buffer, we need to duplicate it
+		 * to avoid munging the cached copy.
+		 */
+		if (msg == get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, NULL))
+			out = xstrdup(msg);
 		else
-			return NULL; /* nothing to do */
-	else
-		out = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
-				      output_encoding, use_encoding);
+			out = (char *)msg;
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * There's actual encoding work to do. Do the reencoding, which
+		 * still leaves the header to be replaced in the next step. At
+		 * this point, we are done with msg. If we allocated a fresh
+		 * copy, we can free it.
+		 */
+		out = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, use_encoding);
+		if (out)
+			unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This replacement actually consumes the buffer we hand it, so we do
+	 * not have to worry about freeing the old "out" here.
+	 */
 	if (out)
 		out = replace_encoding_header(out, output_encoding);
 
-	free(encoding);
-	return out;
+	if (!commit_encoding)
+		free(encoding);
+	/*
+	 * If the re-encoding failed, out might be NULL here; in that
+	 * case we just return the commit message verbatim.
+	 */
+	return out ? out : msg;
 }
 
-static int mailmap_name(char *email, int email_len, char *name, int name_len)
+static int mailmap_name(const char **email, size_t *email_len,
+			const char **name, size_t *name_len)
 {
 	static struct string_list *mail_map;
 	if (!mail_map) {
@@ -526,102 +675,65 @@ static int mailmap_name(char *email, int email_len, char *name, int name_len)
 }
 
 static size_t format_person_part(struct strbuf *sb, char part,
-				 const char *msg, int len, enum date_mode dmode)
+				 const char *msg, int len,
+				 const struct date_mode *dmode)
 {
 	/* currently all placeholders have same length */
 	const int placeholder_len = 2;
-	int start, end, tz = 0;
-	unsigned long date = 0;
-	char *ep;
-	const char *name_start, *name_end, *mail_start, *mail_end, *msg_end = msg+len;
-	char person_name[1024];
-	char person_mail[1024];
+	struct ident_split s;
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t maillen, namelen;
 
-	/* advance 'end' to point to email start delimiter */
-	for (end = 0; end < len && msg[end] != '<'; end++)
-		; /* do nothing */
-
-	/*
-	 * When end points at the '<' that we found, it should have
-	 * matching '>' later, which means 'end' must be strictly
-	 * below len - 1.
-	 */
-	if (end >= len - 2)
+	if (split_ident_line(&s, msg, len) < 0)
 		goto skip;
 
-	/* Seek for both name and email part */
-	name_start = msg;
-	name_end = msg+end;
-	while (name_end > name_start && isspace(*(name_end-1)))
-		name_end--;
-	mail_start = msg+end+1;
-	mail_end = mail_start;
-	while (mail_end < msg_end && *mail_end != '>')
-		mail_end++;
-	if (mail_end == msg_end)
-		goto skip;
-	end = mail_end-msg;
+	name = s.name_begin;
+	namelen = s.name_end - s.name_begin;
+	mail = s.mail_begin;
+	maillen = s.mail_end - s.mail_begin;
 
-	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') { /* mailmap lookup */
-		strlcpy(person_name, name_start, name_end-name_start+1);
-		strlcpy(person_mail, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start+1);
-		mailmap_name(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), person_name, sizeof(person_name));
-		name_start = person_name;
-		name_end = name_start + strlen(person_name);
-		mail_start = person_mail;
-		mail_end = mail_start +  strlen(person_mail);
-	}
+	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') /* mailmap lookup */
+		mailmap_name(&mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
 	if (part == 'n' || part == 'N') {	/* name */
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_start, name_end-name_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, name, namelen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 	if (part == 'e' || part == 'E') {	/* email */
-		strbuf_add(sb, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, mail, maillen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
-	/* advance 'start' to point to date start delimiter */
-	for (start = end + 1; start < len && isspace(msg[start]); start++)
-		; /* do nothing */
-	if (start >= len)
-		goto skip;
-	date = strtoul(msg + start, &ep, 10);
-	if (msg + start == ep)
+	if (!s.date_begin)
 		goto skip;
 
 	if (part == 't') {	/* date, UNIX timestamp */
-		strbuf_add(sb, msg + start, ep - (msg + start));
+		strbuf_add(sb, s.date_begin, s.date_end - s.date_begin);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
-	/* parse tz */
-	for (start = ep - msg + 1; start < len && isspace(msg[start]); start++)
-		; /* do nothing */
-	if (start + 1 < len) {
-		tz = strtoul(msg + start + 1, NULL, 10);
-		if (msg[start] == '-')
-			tz = -tz;
-	}
-
 	switch (part) {
 	case 'd':	/* date */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, dmode));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, dmode));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'D':	/* date, RFC2822 style */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'r':	/* date, relative */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RELATIVE));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_MODE(RELATIVE)));
+		return placeholder_len;
+	case 'i':	/* date, ISO 8601-like */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_MODE(ISO8601)));
 		return placeholder_len;
-	case 'i':	/* date, ISO 8601 */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_ISO8601));
+	case 'I':	/* date, ISO 8601 strict */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_MODE(ISO8601_STRICT)));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
 skip:
 	/*
-	 * bogus commit, 'sb' cannot be updated, but we still need to
-	 * compute a valid return value.
+	 * reading from either a bogus commit, or a reflog entry with
+	 * %gn, %ge, etc.; 'sb' cannot be updated, but we still need
+	 * to compute a valid return value.
 	 */
 	if (part == 'n' || part == 'e' || part == 't' || part == 'd'
 	    || part == 'D' || part == 'r' || part == 'i')
@@ -635,18 +747,38 @@ struct chunk {
 	size_t len;
 };
 
+enum flush_type {
+	no_flush,
+	flush_right,
+	flush_left,
+	flush_left_and_steal,
+	flush_both
+};
+
+enum trunc_type {
+	trunc_none,
+	trunc_left,
+	trunc_middle,
+	trunc_right
+};
+
 struct format_commit_context {
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx;
 	unsigned commit_header_parsed:1;
 	unsigned commit_message_parsed:1;
-	char *message;
+	struct signature_check signature_check;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	enum trunc_type truncate;
+	const char *message;
+	char *commit_encoding;
 	size_t width, indent1, indent2;
+	int auto_color;
+	int padding;
 
 	/* These offsets are relative to the start of the commit message. */
 	struct chunk author;
 	struct chunk committer;
-	struct chunk encoding;
 	size_t message_off;
 	size_t subject_off;
 	size_t body_off;
@@ -681,21 +813,19 @@ static void parse_commit_header(struct format_commit_context *context)
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; msg[i]; i++) {
+		const char *name;
 		int eol;
 		for (eol = i; msg[eol] && msg[eol] != '\n'; eol++)
 			; /* do nothing */
 
 		if (i == eol) {
 			break;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "author ")) {
-			context->author.off = i + 7;
-			context->author.len = eol - i - 7;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "committer ")) {
-			context->committer.off = i + 10;
-			context->committer.len = eol - i - 10;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "encoding ")) {
-			context->encoding.off = i + 9;
-			context->encoding.len = eol - i - 9;
+		} else if (skip_prefix(msg + i, "author ", &name)) {
+			context->author.off = name - msg;
+			context->author.len = msg + eol - name;
+		} else if (skip_prefix(msg + i, "committer ", &name)) {
+			context->committer.off = name - msg;
+			context->committer.len = msg + eol - name;
 		}
 		i = eol;
 	}
@@ -776,23 +906,6 @@ static void parse_commit_message(struct format_commit_context *c)
 	c->commit_message_parsed = 1;
 }
 
-static void format_decoration(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit)
-{
-	struct name_decoration *d;
-	const char *prefix = " (";
-
-	load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
-	d = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
-	while (d) {
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
-		prefix = ", ";
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, d->name);
-		d = d->next;
-	}
-	if (prefix[0] == ',')
-		strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
-}
-
 static void strbuf_wrap(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos,
 			size_t width, size_t indent1, size_t indent2)
 {
@@ -825,7 +938,7 @@ static void rewrap_message_tail(struct strbuf *sb,
 static int format_reflog_person(struct strbuf *sb,
 				char part,
 				struct reflog_walk_info *log,
-				enum date_mode dmode)
+				const struct date_mode *dmode)
 {
 	const char *ident;
 
@@ -839,7 +952,113 @@ static int format_reflog_person(struct strbuf *sb,
 	return format_person_part(sb, part, ident, strlen(ident), dmode);
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t parse_color(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+			  const char *placeholder,
+			  struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	const char *rest = placeholder;
+
+	if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
+		const char *begin = placeholder + 2;
+		const char *end = strchr(begin, ')');
+		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+
+		if (!end)
+			return 0;
+		if (skip_prefix(begin, "auto,", &begin)) {
+			if (!want_color(c->pretty_ctx->color))
+				return end - placeholder + 1;
+		}
+		if (color_parse_mem(begin, end - begin, color) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to parse --pretty format"));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(placeholder + 1, "red", &rest))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
+	else if (skip_prefix(placeholder + 1, "green", &rest))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
+	else if (skip_prefix(placeholder + 1, "blue", &rest))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
+	else if (skip_prefix(placeholder + 1, "reset", &rest))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+	return rest - placeholder;
+}
+
+static size_t parse_padding_placeholder(struct strbuf *sb,
+					const char *placeholder,
+					struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	const char *ch = placeholder;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	int to_column = 0;
+
+	switch (*ch++) {
+	case '<':
+		flush_type = flush_right;
+		break;
+	case '>':
+		if (*ch == '<') {
+			flush_type = flush_both;
+			ch++;
+		} else if (*ch == '>') {
+			flush_type = flush_left_and_steal;
+			ch++;
+		} else
+			flush_type = flush_left;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* the next value means "wide enough to that column" */
+	if (*ch == '|') {
+		to_column = 1;
+		ch++;
+	}
+
+	if (*ch == '(') {
+		const char *start = ch + 1;
+		const char *end = start + strcspn(start, ",)");
+		char *next;
+		int width;
+		if (!end || end == start)
+			return 0;
+		width = strtol(start, &next, 10);
+		if (next == start || width == 0)
+			return 0;
+		if (width < 0) {
+			if (to_column)
+				width += term_columns();
+			if (width < 0)
+				return 0;
+		}
+		c->padding = to_column ? -width : width;
+		c->flush_type = flush_type;
+
+		if (*end == ',') {
+			start = end + 1;
+			end = strchr(start, ')');
+			if (!end || end == start)
+				return 0;
+			if (starts_with(start, "trunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_right;
+			else if (starts_with(start, "ltrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_left;
+			else if (starts_with(start, "mtrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_middle;
+			else
+				return 0;
+		} else
+			c->truncate = trunc_none;
+
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				const char *placeholder,
 				void *context)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context *c = context;
@@ -851,31 +1070,20 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 	/* these are independent of the commit */
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'C':
-		if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
-			const char *end = strchr(placeholder + 2, ')');
-			char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
-			if (!end)
-				return 0;
-			color_parse_mem(placeholder + 2,
-					end - (placeholder + 2),
-					"--pretty format", color);
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
-			return end - placeholder + 1;
+		if (starts_with(placeholder + 1, "(auto)")) {
+			c->auto_color = want_color(c->pretty_ctx->color);
+			return 7; /* consumed 7 bytes, "C(auto)" */
+		} else {
+			int ret = parse_color(sb, placeholder, c);
+			if (ret)
+				c->auto_color = 0;
+			/*
+			 * Otherwise, we decided to treat %C<unknown>
+			 * as a literal string, and the previous
+			 * %C(auto) is still valid.
+			 */
+			return ret;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
-			return 4;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
-			return 6;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
-			return 5;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
-			return 6;
-		} else
-			return 0;
 	case 'n':		/* newline */
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 		return 1;
@@ -913,30 +1121,40 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 			return end - placeholder + 1;
 		} else
 			return 0;
+
+	case '<':
+	case '>':
+		return parse_padding_placeholder(sb, placeholder, c);
 	}
 
 	/* these depend on the commit */
 	if (!commit->object.parsed)
-		parse_object(commit->object.sha1);
+		parse_object(commit->object.oid.hash);
 
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'H':		/* commit hash */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		return 1;
 	case 'h':		/* abbreviated commit hash */
-		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
+		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 			return 1;
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1,
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash,
 						     c->pretty_ctx->abbrev));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		c->abbrev_commit_hash.len = sb->len - c->abbrev_commit_hash.off;
 		return 1;
 	case 'T':		/* tree hash */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(commit->tree->object.sha1));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, oid_to_hex(&commit->tree->object.oid));
 		return 1;
 	case 't':		/* abbreviated tree hash */
 		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_tree_hash))
 			return 1;
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->tree->object.sha1,
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->tree->object.oid.hash,
 						     c->pretty_ctx->abbrev));
 		c->abbrev_tree_hash.len = sb->len - c->abbrev_tree_hash.off;
 		return 1;
@@ -944,7 +1162,7 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 			if (p != commit->parents)
 				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(p->item->object.sha1));
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, oid_to_hex(&p->item->object.oid));
 		}
 		return 1;
 	case 'p':		/* abbreviated parent hashes */
@@ -954,7 +1172,7 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 			if (p != commit->parents)
 				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(
-					p->item->object.sha1,
+					p->item->object.oid.hash,
 					c->pretty_ctx->abbrev));
 		}
 		c->abbrev_parent_hashes.len = sb->len -
@@ -964,7 +1182,12 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, get_revision_mark(NULL, commit));
 		return 1;
 	case 'd':
-		format_decoration(sb, commit);
+		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+		format_decorations(sb, commit, c->auto_color);
+		return 1;
+	case 'D':
+		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+		format_decorations_extended(sb, commit, c->auto_color, "", ", ", "");
 		return 1;
 	case 'g':		/* reflog info */
 		switch(placeholder[1]) {
@@ -973,7 +1196,8 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 			if (c->pretty_ctx->reflog_info)
 				get_reflog_selector(sb,
 						    c->pretty_ctx->reflog_info,
-						    c->pretty_ctx->date_mode,
+						    &c->pretty_ctx->date_mode,
+						    c->pretty_ctx->date_mode_explicit,
 						    (placeholder[1] == 'd'));
 			return 2;
 		case 's':	/* reflog message */
@@ -987,18 +1211,49 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 			return format_reflog_person(sb,
 						    placeholder[1],
 						    c->pretty_ctx->reflog_info,
-						    c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
+						    &c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
 		}
 		return 0;	/* unknown %g placeholder */
 	case 'N':
-		if (c->pretty_ctx->show_notes) {
-			format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb,
-				    get_log_output_encoding(), 0);
+		if (c->pretty_ctx->notes_message) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->pretty_ctx->notes_message);
 			return 1;
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (placeholder[0] == 'G') {
+		if (!c->signature_check.result)
+			check_commit_signature(c->commit, &(c->signature_check));
+		switch (placeholder[1]) {
+		case 'G':
+			if (c->signature_check.gpg_output)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.gpg_output);
+			break;
+		case '?':
+			switch (c->signature_check.result) {
+			case 'G':
+			case 'B':
+			case 'U':
+			case 'N':
+				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature_check.result);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'S':
+			if (c->signature_check.signer)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.signer);
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			if (c->signature_check.key)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.key);
+			break;
+		default:
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+
 	/* For the rest we have to parse the commit header. */
 	if (!c->commit_header_parsed)
 		parse_commit_header(c);
@@ -1007,13 +1262,14 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 	case 'a':	/* author ... */
 		return format_person_part(sb, placeholder[1],
 				   msg + c->author.off, c->author.len,
-				   c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
+				   &c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
 	case 'c':	/* committer ... */
 		return format_person_part(sb, placeholder[1],
 				   msg + c->committer.off, c->committer.len,
-				   c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
+				   &c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
 	case 'e':	/* encoding */
-		strbuf_add(sb, msg + c->encoding.off, c->encoding.len);
+		if (c->commit_encoding)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->commit_encoding);
 		return 1;
 	case 'B':	/* raw body */
 		/* message_off is always left at the initial newline */
@@ -1039,7 +1295,110 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 	return 0;	/* unknown placeholder */
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t format_and_pad_commit(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				    const char *placeholder,
+				    struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	struct strbuf local_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int total_consumed = 0, len, padding = c->padding;
+	if (padding < 0) {
+		const char *start = strrchr(sb->buf, '\n');
+		int occupied;
+		if (!start)
+			start = sb->buf;
+		occupied = utf8_strnwidth(start, -1, 1);
+		occupied += c->pretty_ctx->graph_width;
+		padding = (-padding) - occupied;
+	}
+	while (1) {
+		int modifier = *placeholder == 'C';
+		int consumed = format_commit_one(&local_sb, placeholder, c);
+		total_consumed += consumed;
+
+		if (!modifier)
+			break;
+
+		placeholder += consumed;
+		if (*placeholder != '%')
+			break;
+		placeholder++;
+		total_consumed++;
+	}
+	len = utf8_strnwidth(local_sb.buf, -1, 1);
+
+	if (c->flush_type == flush_left_and_steal) {
+		const char *ch = sb->buf + sb->len - 1;
+		while (len > padding && ch > sb->buf) {
+			const char *p;
+			if (*ch == ' ') {
+				ch--;
+				padding++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* check for trailing ansi sequences */
+			if (*ch != 'm')
+				break;
+			p = ch - 1;
+			while (ch - p < 10 && *p != '\033')
+				p--;
+			if (*p != '\033' ||
+			    ch + 1 - p != display_mode_esc_sequence_len(p))
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * got a good ansi sequence, put it back to
+			 * local_sb as we're cutting sb
+			 */
+			strbuf_insert(&local_sb, 0, p, ch + 1 - p);
+			ch = p - 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, ch + 1 - sb->buf);
+		c->flush_type = flush_left;
+	}
+
+	if (len > padding) {
+		switch (c->truncate) {
+		case trunc_left:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    0, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_middle:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding / 2 - 1,
+					    len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_right:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding - 2, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_none:
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &local_sb);
+	} else {
+		int sb_len = sb->len, offset = 0;
+		if (c->flush_type == flush_left)
+			offset = padding - len;
+		else if (c->flush_type == flush_both)
+			offset = (padding - len) / 2;
+		/*
+		 * we calculate padding in columns, now
+		 * convert it back to chars
+		 */
+		padding = padding - len + local_sb.len;
+		strbuf_addchars(sb, ' ', padding);
+		memcpy(sb->buf + sb_len + offset, local_sb.buf,
+		       local_sb.len);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&local_sb);
+	c->flush_type = no_flush;
+	return total_consumed;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				 const char *placeholder,
 				 void *context)
 {
 	int consumed;
@@ -1068,7 +1427,10 @@ static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 		placeholder++;
 
 	orig_len = sb->len;
-	consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
+	if (((struct format_commit_context *)context)->flush_type != no_flush)
+		consumed = format_and_pad_commit(sb, placeholder, context);
+	else
+		consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
 	if (magic == NO_MAGIC)
 		return consumed;
 
@@ -1118,32 +1480,47 @@ void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
 			   const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context context;
-	static const char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
 	const char *output_enc = pretty_ctx->output_encoding;
+	const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 
 	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
 	context.commit = commit;
 	context.pretty_ctx = pretty_ctx;
 	context.wrap_start = sb->len;
-	context.message = commit->buffer;
-	if (output_enc) {
-		char *enc = get_header(commit, "encoding");
-		if (strcmp(enc ? enc : utf8, output_enc)) {
-			context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit, output_enc);
-			if (!context.message)
-				context.message = commit->buffer;
-		}
-		free(enc);
-	}
+	/*
+	 * convert a commit message to UTF-8 first
+	 * as far as 'format_commit_item' assumes it in UTF-8
+	 */
+	context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit,
+					  &context.commit_encoding,
+					  utf8);
 
 	strbuf_expand(sb, format, format_commit_item, &context);
 	rewrap_message_tail(sb, &context, 0, 0, 0);
 
-	if (context.message != commit->buffer)
-		free(context.message);
+	/* then convert a commit message to an actual output encoding */
+	if (output_enc) {
+		if (same_encoding(utf8, output_enc))
+			output_enc = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (context.commit_encoding &&
+		    !same_encoding(context.commit_encoding, utf8))
+			output_enc = context.commit_encoding;
+	}
+
+	if (output_enc) {
+		int outsz;
+		char *out = reencode_string_len(sb->buf, sb->len,
+						output_enc, utf8, &outsz);
+		if (out)
+			strbuf_attach(sb, out, outsz, outsz + 1);
+	}
+
+	free(context.commit_encoding);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, context.message);
 }
 
-static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+static void pp_header(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		      const char *encoding,
 		      const struct commit *commit,
 		      const char **msg_p,
@@ -1152,7 +1529,7 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	int parents_shown = 0;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		const char *line = *msg_p;
+		const char *name, *line = *msg_p;
 		int linelen = get_one_line(*msg_p);
 
 		if (!linelen)
@@ -1168,19 +1545,14 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!memcmp(line, "parent ", 7)) {
+		if (starts_with(line, "parent ")) {
 			if (linelen != 48)
 				die("bad parent line in commit");
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		if (!parents_shown) {
-			struct commit_list *parent;
-			int num;
-			for (parent = commit->parents, num = 0;
-			     parent;
-			     parent = parent->next, num++)
-				;
+			unsigned num = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 			/* with enough slop */
 			strbuf_grow(sb, num * 50 + 20);
 			add_merge_info(pp, sb, commit);
@@ -1192,24 +1564,25 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		 * FULL shows both authors but not dates.
 		 * FULLER shows both authors and dates.
 		 */
-		if (!memcmp(line, "author ", 7)) {
+		if (skip_prefix(line, "author ", &name)) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
-			pp_user_info(pp, "Author", sb, line + 7, encoding);
+			pp_user_info(pp, "Author", sb, name, encoding);
 		}
-		if (!memcmp(line, "committer ", 10) &&
+		if (skip_prefix(line, "committer ", &name) &&
 		    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULL || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER)) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
-			pp_user_info(pp, "Commit", sb, line + 10, encoding);
+			pp_user_info(pp, "Commit", sb, name, encoding);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_title_line(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		   const char **msg_p,
 		   struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *encoding,
 		   int need_8bit_cte)
 {
+	static const int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2047 */
 	struct strbuf title;
 
 	strbuf_init(&title, 80);
@@ -1219,12 +1592,27 @@ void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	strbuf_grow(sb, title.len + 1024);
 	if (pp->subject) {
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, pp->subject);
-		add_rfc2047(sb, title.buf, title.len, encoding);
+		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(title.buf, title.len, RFC2047_SUBJECT))
+			add_rfc2047(sb, title.buf, title.len,
+						encoding, RFC2047_SUBJECT);
+		else
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, title.buf, title.len,
+					 -last_line_length(sb), 1, max_length);
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &title);
 	}
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
+	if (need_8bit_cte == 0) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->in_body_headers.nr; i++) {
+			if (has_non_ascii(pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string)) {
+				need_8bit_cte = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (need_8bit_cte > 0) {
 		const char *header_fmt =
 			"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -1235,13 +1623,100 @@ void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	if (pp->after_subject) {
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, pp->after_subject);
 	}
-	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
+	if (cmit_fmt_is_mail(pp->fmt)) {
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 	}
+
+	if (pp->in_body_headers.nr) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->in_body_headers.nr; i++) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string);
+			free(pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string);
+		}
+		string_list_clear(&pp->in_body_headers, 0);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	}
+
 	strbuf_release(&title);
 }
 
-void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+static int pp_utf8_width(const char *start, const char *end)
+{
+	int width = 0;
+	size_t remain = end - start;
+
+	while (remain) {
+		int n = utf8_width(&start, &remain);
+		if (n < 0 || !start)
+			return -1;
+		width += n;
+	}
+	return width;
+}
+
+static void strbuf_add_tabexpand(struct strbuf *sb, int tabwidth,
+				 const char *line, int linelen)
+{
+	const char *tab;
+
+	while ((tab = memchr(line, '\t', linelen)) != NULL) {
+		int width = pp_utf8_width(line, tab);
+
+		/*
+		 * If it wasn't well-formed utf8, or it
+		 * had characters with badly defined
+		 * width (control characters etc), just
+		 * give up on trying to align things.
+		 */
+		if (width < 0)
+			break;
+
+		/* Output the data .. */
+		strbuf_add(sb, line, tab - line);
+
+		/* .. and the de-tabified tab */
+		strbuf_addchars(sb, ' ', tabwidth - (width % tabwidth));
+
+		/* Skip over the printed part .. */
+		linelen -= tab + 1 - line;
+		line = tab + 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Print out everything after the last tab without
+	 * worrying about width - there's nothing more to
+	 * align.
+	 */
+	strbuf_add(sb, line, linelen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * pp_handle_indent() prints out the intendation, and
+ * the whole line (without the final newline), after
+ * de-tabifying.
+ */
+static void pp_handle_indent(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+			     struct strbuf *sb, int indent,
+			     const char *line, int linelen)
+{
+	strbuf_addchars(sb, ' ', indent);
+	if (pp->expand_tabs_in_log)
+		strbuf_add_tabexpand(sb, pp->expand_tabs_in_log, line, linelen);
+	else
+		strbuf_add(sb, line, linelen);
+}
+
+static int is_mboxrd_from(const char *line, int len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * a line matching /^From $/ here would only have len == 4
+	 * at this point because is_empty_line would've trimmed all
+	 * trailing space
+	 */
+	return len > 4 && starts_with(line + strspn(line, ">"), "From ");
+}
+
+void pp_remainder(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
 		  int indent)
@@ -1264,33 +1739,30 @@ void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		first = 0;
 
 		strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + indent + 20);
-		if (indent) {
-			memset(sb->buf + sb->len, ' ', indent);
-			strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + indent);
+		if (indent)
+			pp_handle_indent(pp, sb, indent, line, linelen);
+		else if (pp->expand_tabs_in_log)
+			strbuf_add_tabexpand(sb, pp->expand_tabs_in_log,
+					     line, linelen);
+		else {
+			if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_MBOXRD &&
+					is_mboxrd_from(line, linelen))
+				strbuf_addch(sb, '>');
+
+			strbuf_add(sb, line, linelen);
 		}
-		strbuf_add(sb, line, linelen);
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 	}
 }
 
-char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit, const char **encoding_p)
-{
-	const char *encoding;
-
-	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
-	if (encoding_p)
-		*encoding_p = encoding;
-	return logmsg_reencode(commit, encoding);
-}
-
-void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pretty_print_commit(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 			 const struct commit *commit,
 			 struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	unsigned long beginning_of_body;
 	int indent = 4;
-	const char *msg = commit->buffer;
-	char *reencoded;
+	const char *msg;
+	const char *reencoded;
 	const char *encoding;
 	int need_8bit_cte = pp->need_8bit_cte;
 
@@ -1299,19 +1771,17 @@ void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, &encoding);
-	if (reencoded) {
-		msg = reencoded;
-	}
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	msg = reencoded = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 
-	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
+	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || cmit_fmt_is_mail(pp->fmt))
 		indent = 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * We need to check and emit Content-type: to mark it
 	 * as 8-bit if we haven't done so.
 	 */
-	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && need_8bit_cte == 0) {
+	if (cmit_fmt_is_mail(pp->fmt) && need_8bit_cte == 0) {
 		int i, ch, in_body;
 
 		for (in_body = i = 0; (ch = msg[i]); i++) {
@@ -1339,7 +1809,7 @@ void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	msg = skip_empty_lines(msg);
 
 	/* These formats treat the title line specially. */
-	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
+	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || cmit_fmt_is_mail(pp->fmt))
 		pp_title_line(pp, &msg, sb, encoding, need_8bit_cte);
 
 	beginning_of_body = sb->len;
@@ -1356,14 +1826,10 @@ void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	 * format.  Make sure we did not strip the blank line
 	 * between the header and the body.
 	 */
-	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && sb->len <= beginning_of_body)
+	if (cmit_fmt_is_mail(pp->fmt) && sb->len <= beginning_of_body)
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
-	if (pp->show_notes)
-		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb, encoding,
-				     NOTES_SHOW_HEADER | NOTES_INDENT);
-
-	free(reencoded);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, reencoded);
 }
 
 void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
diff --git a/prio-queue.c b/prio-queue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4365b00d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prio-queue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+static inline int compare(struct prio_queue *queue, int i, int j)
+{
+	int cmp = queue->compare(queue->array[i].data, queue->array[j].data,
+				 queue->cb_data);
+	if (!cmp)
+		cmp = queue->array[i].ctr - queue->array[j].ctr;
+	return cmp;
+}
+
+static inline void swap(struct prio_queue *queue, int i, int j)
+{
+	struct prio_queue_entry tmp = queue->array[i];
+	queue->array[i] = queue->array[j];
+	queue->array[j] = tmp;
+}
+
+void prio_queue_reverse(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	if (queue->compare != NULL)
+		die("BUG: prio_queue_reverse() on non-LIFO queue");
+	for (i = 0; i <= (j = (queue->nr - 1) - i); i++)
+		swap(queue, i, j);
+}
+
+void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	free(queue->array);
+	queue->nr = 0;
+	queue->alloc = 0;
+	queue->array = NULL;
+	queue->insertion_ctr = 0;
+}
+
+void prio_queue_put(struct prio_queue *queue, void *thing)
+{
+	int ix, parent;
+
+	/* Append at the end */
+	ALLOC_GROW(queue->array, queue->nr + 1, queue->alloc);
+	queue->array[queue->nr].ctr = queue->insertion_ctr++;
+	queue->array[queue->nr].data = thing;
+	queue->nr++;
+	if (!queue->compare)
+		return; /* LIFO */
+
+	/* Bubble up the new one */
+	for (ix = queue->nr - 1; ix; ix = parent) {
+		parent = (ix - 1) / 2;
+		if (compare(queue, parent, ix) <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		swap(queue, parent, ix);
+	}
+}
+
+void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	void *result;
+	int ix, child;
+
+	if (!queue->nr)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!queue->compare)
+		return queue->array[--queue->nr].data; /* LIFO */
+
+	result = queue->array[0].data;
+	if (!--queue->nr)
+		return result;
+
+	queue->array[0] = queue->array[queue->nr];
+
+	/* Push down the one at the root */
+	for (ix = 0; ix * 2 + 1 < queue->nr; ix = child) {
+		child = ix * 2 + 1; /* left */
+		if (child + 1 < queue->nr &&
+		    compare(queue, child, child + 1) >= 0)
+			child++; /* use right child */
+
+		if (compare(queue, ix, child) <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		swap(queue, child, ix);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/prio-queue.h b/prio-queue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d030ec9dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prio-queue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#ifndef PRIO_QUEUE_H
+#define PRIO_QUEUE_H
+
+/*
+ * A priority queue implementation, primarily for keeping track of
+ * commits in the 'date-order' so that we process them from new to old
+ * as they are discovered, but can be used to hold any pointer to
+ * struct.  The caller is responsible for supplying a function to
+ * compare two "things".
+ *
+ * Alternatively, this data structure can also be used as a LIFO stack
+ * by specifying NULL as the comparison function.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Compare two "things", one and two; the third parameter is cb_data
+ * in the prio_queue structure.  The result is returned as a sign of
+ * the return value, being the same as the sign of the result of
+ * subtracting "two" from "one" (i.e. negative if "one" sorts earlier
+ * than "two").
+ */
+typedef int (*prio_queue_compare_fn)(const void *one, const void *two, void *cb_data);
+
+struct prio_queue_entry {
+	unsigned ctr;
+	void *data;
+};
+
+struct prio_queue {
+	prio_queue_compare_fn compare;
+	unsigned insertion_ctr;
+	void *cb_data;
+	int alloc, nr;
+	struct prio_queue_entry *array;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Add the "thing" to the queue.
+ */
+extern void prio_queue_put(struct prio_queue *, void *thing);
+
+/*
+ * Extract the "thing" that compares the smallest out of the queue,
+ * or NULL.  If compare function is NULL, the queue acts as a LIFO
+ * stack.
+ */
+extern void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *);
+
+extern void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *);
+
+/* Reverse the LIFO elements */
+extern void prio_queue_reverse(struct prio_queue *);
+
+#endif /* PRIO_QUEUE_H */
diff --git a/progress.c b/progress.c
index 3971f49f4d..76a88c573f 100644
--- a/progress.c
+++ b/progress.c
@@ -9,20 +9,23 @@
  */
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "gettext.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "trace.h"
 
 #define TP_IDX_MAX      8
 
 struct throughput {
 	off_t curr_total;
 	off_t prev_total;
-	struct timeval prev_tv;
+	uint64_t prev_ns;
 	unsigned int avg_bytes;
 	unsigned int avg_misecs;
 	unsigned int last_bytes[TP_IDX_MAX];
 	unsigned int last_misecs[TP_IDX_MAX];
 	unsigned int idx;
-	char display[32];
+	struct strbuf display;
 };
 
 struct progress {
@@ -69,6 +72,12 @@ static void clear_progress_signal(void)
 	progress_update = 0;
 }
 
+static int is_foreground_fd(int fd)
+{
+	int tpgrp = tcgetpgrp(fd);
+	return tpgrp < 0 || tpgrp == getpgid(0);
+}
+
 static int display(struct progress *progress, unsigned n, const char *done)
 {
 	const char *eol, *tp;
@@ -89,22 +98,27 @@ static int display(struct progress *progress, unsigned n, const char *done)
 	}
 
 	progress->last_value = n;
-	tp = (progress->throughput) ? progress->throughput->display : "";
+	tp = (progress->throughput) ? progress->throughput->display.buf : "";
 	eol = done ? done : "   \r";
 	if (progress->total) {
 		unsigned percent = n * 100 / progress->total;
 		if (percent != progress->last_percent || progress_update) {
 			progress->last_percent = percent;
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %3u%% (%u/%u)%s%s",
-				progress->title, percent, n,
-				progress->total, tp, eol);
-			fflush(stderr);
+			if (is_foreground_fd(fileno(stderr)) || done) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: %3u%% (%u/%u)%s%s",
+					progress->title, percent, n,
+					progress->total, tp, eol);
+				fflush(stderr);
+			}
 			progress_update = 0;
 			return 1;
 		}
 	} else if (progress_update) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %u%s%s", progress->title, n, tp, eol);
-		fflush(stderr);
+		if (is_foreground_fd(fileno(stderr)) || done) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %u%s%s",
+				progress->title, n, tp, eol);
+			fflush(stderr);
+		}
 		progress_update = 0;
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -112,95 +126,77 @@ static int display(struct progress *progress, unsigned n, const char *done)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void throughput_string(struct throughput *tp, off_t total,
+static void throughput_string(struct strbuf *buf, off_t total,
 			      unsigned int rate)
 {
-	int l = sizeof(tp->display);
-	if (total > 1 << 30) {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u GiB",
-			      (int)(total >> 30),
-			      (int)(total & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 20) {
-		int x = total + 5243;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u MiB",
-			      x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = total + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u KiB",
-			      x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u bytes", (int)total);
-	}
-
-	if (rate > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = rate + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u.%2.2u MiB/s",
-			 x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else if (rate)
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u KiB/s", rate);
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, ", ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, total);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, " | ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, rate * 1024);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, "/s");
 }
 
 void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total)
 {
 	struct throughput *tp;
-	struct timeval tv;
-	unsigned int misecs;
+	uint64_t now_ns;
+	unsigned int misecs, count, rate;
 
 	if (!progress)
 		return;
 	tp = progress->throughput;
 
-	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	now_ns = getnanotime();
 
 	if (!tp) {
 		progress->throughput = tp = calloc(1, sizeof(*tp));
 		if (tp) {
 			tp->prev_total = tp->curr_total = total;
-			tp->prev_tv = tv;
+			tp->prev_ns = now_ns;
+			strbuf_init(&tp->display, 0);
 		}
 		return;
 	}
 	tp->curr_total = total;
 
+	/* only update throughput every 0.5 s */
+	if (now_ns - tp->prev_ns <= 500000000)
+		return;
+
 	/*
-	 * We have x = bytes and y = microsecs.  We want z = KiB/s:
+	 * We have x = bytes and y = nanosecs.  We want z = KiB/s:
 	 *
-	 *	z = (x / 1024) / (y / 1000000)
-	 *	z = x / y * 1000000 / 1024
-	 *	z = x / (y * 1024 / 1000000)
+	 *	z = (x / 1024) / (y / 1000000000)
+	 *	z = x / y * 1000000000 / 1024
+	 *	z = x / (y * 1024 / 1000000000)
 	 *	z = x / y'
 	 *
 	 * To simplify things we'll keep track of misecs, or 1024th of a sec
 	 * obtained with:
 	 *
-	 *	y' = y * 1024 / 1000000
-	 *	y' = y / (1000000 / 1024)
-	 *	y' = y / 977
+	 *	y' = y * 1024 / 1000000000
+	 *	y' = y * (2^10 / 2^42) * (2^42 / 1000000000)
+	 *	y' = y / 2^32 * 4398
+	 *	y' = (y * 4398) >> 32
 	 */
-	misecs = (tv.tv_sec - tp->prev_tv.tv_sec) * 1024;
-	misecs += (int)(tv.tv_usec - tp->prev_tv.tv_usec) / 977;
-
-	if (misecs > 512) {
-		unsigned int count, rate;
+	misecs = ((now_ns - tp->prev_ns) * 4398) >> 32;
 
-		count = total - tp->prev_total;
-		tp->prev_total = total;
-		tp->prev_tv = tv;
-		tp->avg_bytes += count;
-		tp->avg_misecs += misecs;
-		rate = tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
-		tp->avg_bytes -= tp->last_bytes[tp->idx];
-		tp->avg_misecs -= tp->last_misecs[tp->idx];
-		tp->last_bytes[tp->idx] = count;
-		tp->last_misecs[tp->idx] = misecs;
-		tp->idx = (tp->idx + 1) % TP_IDX_MAX;
+	count = total - tp->prev_total;
+	tp->prev_total = total;
+	tp->prev_ns = now_ns;
+	tp->avg_bytes += count;
+	tp->avg_misecs += misecs;
+	rate = tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
+	tp->avg_bytes -= tp->last_bytes[tp->idx];
+	tp->avg_misecs -= tp->last_misecs[tp->idx];
+	tp->last_bytes[tp->idx] = count;
+	tp->last_misecs[tp->idx] = misecs;
+	tp->idx = (tp->idx + 1) % TP_IDX_MAX;
 
-		throughput_string(tp, total, rate);
-		if (progress->last_value != -1 && progress_update)
-			display(progress, progress->last_value, NULL);
-	}
+	throughput_string(&tp->display, total, rate);
+	if (progress->last_value != -1 && progress_update)
+		display(progress, progress->last_value, NULL);
 }
 
 int display_progress(struct progress *progress, unsigned n)
@@ -236,7 +232,7 @@ struct progress *start_progress(const char *title, unsigned total)
 
 void stop_progress(struct progress **p_progress)
 {
-	stop_progress_msg(p_progress, "done");
+	stop_progress_msg(p_progress, _("done"));
 }
 
 void stop_progress_msg(struct progress **p_progress, const char *msg)
@@ -251,19 +247,21 @@ void stop_progress_msg(struct progress **p_progress, const char *msg)
 		size_t len = strlen(msg) + 5;
 		struct throughput *tp = progress->throughput;
 
-		bufp = (len < sizeof(buf)) ? buf : xmalloc(len + 1);
+		bufp = (len < sizeof(buf)) ? buf : xmallocz(len);
 		if (tp) {
 			unsigned int rate = !tp->avg_misecs ? 0 :
 					tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
-			throughput_string(tp, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			throughput_string(&tp->display, tp->curr_total, rate);
 		}
 		progress_update = 1;
-		sprintf(bufp, ", %s.\n", msg);
+		xsnprintf(bufp, len + 1, ", %s.\n", msg);
 		display(progress, progress->last_value, bufp);
 		if (buf != bufp)
 			free(bufp);
 	}
 	clear_progress_signal();
+	if (progress->throughput)
+		strbuf_release(&progress->throughput->display);
 	free(progress->throughput);
 	free(progress);
 }
diff --git a/prompt.c b/prompt.c
index 72ab9de2f9..75406390c6 100644
--- a/prompt.c
+++ b/prompt.c
@@ -6,29 +6,35 @@
 
 static char *do_askpass(const char *cmd, const char *prompt)
 {
-	struct child_process pass;
+	struct child_process pass = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *args[3];
 	static struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	args[0] = cmd;
 	args[1]	= prompt;
 	args[2] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&pass, 0, sizeof(pass));
 	pass.argv = args;
 	pass.out = -1;
 
 	if (start_command(&pass))
-		exit(1);
+		return NULL;
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buffer);
 	if (strbuf_read(&buffer, pass.out, 20) < 0)
-		die("failed to get '%s' from %s\n", prompt, cmd);
+		err = 1;
 
 	close(pass.out);
 
 	if (finish_command(&pass))
-		exit(1);
+		err = 1;
+
+	if (err) {
+		error("unable to read askpass response from '%s'", cmd);
+		strbuf_release(&buffer);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
 	strbuf_setlen(&buffer, strcspn(buffer.buf, "\r\n"));
 
@@ -37,7 +43,7 @@ static char *do_askpass(const char *cmd, const char *prompt)
 
 char *git_prompt(const char *prompt, int flags)
 {
-	char *r;
+	char *r = NULL;
 
 	if (flags & PROMPT_ASKPASS) {
 		const char *askpass;
@@ -48,16 +54,22 @@ char *git_prompt(const char *prompt, int flags)
 		if (!askpass)
 			askpass = getenv("SSH_ASKPASS");
 		if (askpass && *askpass)
-			return do_askpass(askpass, prompt);
+			r = do_askpass(askpass, prompt);
 	}
 
-	r = git_terminal_prompt(prompt, flags & PROMPT_ECHO);
-	if (!r)
-		die_errno("could not read '%s'", prompt);
-	return r;
-}
+	if (!r) {
+		const char *err;
 
-char *git_getpass(const char *prompt)
-{
-	return git_prompt(prompt, PROMPT_ASKPASS);
+		if (git_env_bool("GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT", 1)) {
+			r = git_terminal_prompt(prompt, flags & PROMPT_ECHO);
+			err = strerror(errno);
+		} else {
+			err = "terminal prompts disabled";
+		}
+		if (!r) {
+			/* prompts already contain ": " at the end */
+			die("could not read %s%s", prompt, err);
+		}
+	}
+	return r;
 }
diff --git a/prompt.h b/prompt.h
index 04f321a781..e04cced030 100644
--- a/prompt.h
+++ b/prompt.h
@@ -5,6 +5,5 @@
 #define PROMPT_ECHO    (1<<1)
 
 char *git_prompt(const char *prompt, int flags);
-char *git_getpass(const char *prompt);
 
 #endif /* PROMPT_H */
diff --git a/quote.c b/quote.c
index 911229fdf3..b281a8fe45 100644
--- a/quote.c
+++ b/quote.c
@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@
 
 int quote_path_fully = 1;
 
+static inline int need_bs_quote(char c)
+{
+	return (c == '\'' || c == '!');
+}
+
 /* Help to copy the thing properly quoted for the shell safety.
  * any single quote is replaced with '\'', any exclamation point
  * is replaced with '\!', and the whole thing is enclosed in a
+ * single quote pair.
  *
  * E.g.
  *  original     sq_quote     result
@@ -15,11 +21,6 @@ int quote_path_fully = 1;
  *  a'b      ==> a'\''b    ==> 'a'\''b'
  *  a!b      ==> a'\!'b    ==> 'a'\!'b'
  */
-static inline int need_bs_quote(char c)
-{
-	return (c == '\'' || c == '!');
-}
-
 void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *dst, const char *src)
 {
 	char *to_free = NULL;
@@ -42,21 +43,17 @@ void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *dst, const char *src)
 	free(to_free);
 }
 
-void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void sq_quotef(struct strbuf *dst, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	char c;
+	struct strbuf src = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	fputc('\'', stream);
-	while ((c = *src++)) {
-		if (need_bs_quote(c)) {
-			fputs("'\\", stream);
-			fputc(c, stream);
-			fputc('\'', stream);
-		} else {
-			fputc(c, stream);
-		}
-	}
-	fputc('\'', stream);
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&src, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	sq_quote_buf(dst, src.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&src);
 }
 
 void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *dst, const char** argv, size_t maxlen)
@@ -291,103 +288,27 @@ void write_name_quoted(const char *name, FILE *fp, int terminator)
 	fputc(terminator, fp);
 }
 
-void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
-			  const char *name, FILE *fp, int terminator)
-{
-	int needquote = 0;
-
-	if (terminator) {
-		needquote = next_quote_pos(pfx, pfxlen) < pfxlen
-			|| name[next_quote_pos(name, -1)];
-	}
-	if (needquote) {
-		fputc('"', fp);
-		quote_c_style_counted(pfx, pfxlen, NULL, fp, 1);
-		quote_c_style(name, NULL, fp, 1);
-		fputc('"', fp);
-	} else {
-		fwrite(pfx, pfxlen, 1, fp);
-		fputs(name, fp);
-	}
-	fputc(terminator, fp);
-}
-
-static const char *path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-				 struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix,
-				 int prefix_len);
-
-void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, size_t len,
-				const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, const char *prefix,
 				FILE *fp, int terminator)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	name = path_relative(name, len, &sb, prefix, prefix_len);
+	name = relative_path(name, prefix, &sb);
 	write_name_quoted(name, fp, terminator);
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-/*
- * Give path as relative to prefix.
- *
- * The strbuf may or may not be used, so do not assume it contains the
- * returned path.
- */
-static const char *path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-				 struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix,
-				 int prefix_len)
-{
-	int off, i;
-
-	if (len < 0)
-		len = strlen(in);
-	if (prefix_len < 0) {
-		if (prefix)
-			prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
-		else
-			prefix_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	off = 0;
-	i = 0;
-	while (i < prefix_len && i < len && prefix[i] == in[i]) {
-		if (prefix[i] == '/')
-			off = i + 1;
-		i++;
-	}
-	in += off;
-	len -= off;
-
-	if (i >= prefix_len)
-		return in;
-
-	strbuf_reset(sb);
-	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
-
-	while (i < prefix_len) {
-		if (prefix[i] == '/')
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
-		i++;
-	}
-	strbuf_add(sb, in, len);
-
-	return sb->buf;
-}
-
 /* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
-char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix)
+char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *rel = path_relative(in, len, &sb, prefix, -1);
+	const char *rel = relative_path(in, prefix, &sb);
 	strbuf_reset(out);
 	quote_c_style_counted(rel, strlen(rel), out, NULL, 0);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
-	if (!out->len)
-		strbuf_addstr(out, "./");
-
 	return out->buf;
 }
 
@@ -463,72 +384,72 @@ int unquote_c_style(struct strbuf *sb, const char *quoted, const char **endp)
 
 /* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
 
-void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void perl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	const char sq = '\'';
 	const char bq = '\\';
 	char c;
 
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		if (c == sq || c == bq)
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-		fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 	}
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 }
 
-void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void python_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	const char sq = '\'';
 	const char bq = '\\';
 	const char nl = '\n';
 	char c;
 
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		if (c == nl) {
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-			fputc('n', stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, 'n');
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == sq || c == bq)
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-		fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 	}
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 }
 
-void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void tcl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	char c;
 
-	fputc('"', stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		switch (c) {
 		case '[': case ']':
 		case '{': case '}':
 		case '$': case '\\': case '"':
-			fputc('\\', stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '\\');
 		default:
-			fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 			break;
 		case '\f':
-			fputs("\\f", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\f");
 			break;
 		case '\r':
-			fputs("\\r", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\r");
 			break;
 		case '\n':
-			fputs("\\n", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\n");
 			break;
 		case '\t':
-			fputs("\\t", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\t");
 			break;
 		case '\v':
-			fputs("\\v", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\v");
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	fputc('"', stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
 }
diff --git a/quote.h b/quote.h
index 133155a48b..6c53a2cc66 100644
--- a/quote.h
+++ b/quote.h
@@ -25,12 +25,13 @@ struct strbuf;
  * sq_quote_buf() writes to an existing buffer of specified size; it
  * will return the number of characters that would have been written
  * excluding the final null regardless of the buffer size.
+ *
+ * sq_quotef() quotes the entire formatted string as a single result.
  */
 
-extern void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-
 extern void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *, const char *src);
 extern void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *, const char **argv, size_t maxlen);
+extern void sq_quotef(struct strbuf *, const char *fmt, ...);
 
 /* This unwraps what sq_quote() produces in place, but returns
  * NULL if the input does not look like what sq_quote would have
@@ -58,19 +59,16 @@ extern size_t quote_c_style(const char *name, struct strbuf *, FILE *, int no_dq
 extern void quote_two_c_style(struct strbuf *, const char *, const char *, int);
 
 extern void write_name_quoted(const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
-extern void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
-                                 const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
-extern void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, size_t len,
-		const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+extern void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, const char *prefix,
 		FILE *fp, int terminator);
 
 /* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
-extern char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix);
+extern char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *out);
 
 /* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
-extern void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-extern void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-extern void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
+extern void perl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
+extern void python_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
+extern void tcl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/reachable.c b/reachable.c
index bf7970661f..d0199cace4 100644
--- a/reachable.c
+++ b/reachable.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "reachable.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
 
 struct connectivity_progress {
 	struct progress *progress;
@@ -21,199 +22,141 @@ static void update_progress(struct connectivity_progress *cp)
 		display_progress(cp->progress, cp->count);
 }
 
-static void process_blob(struct blob *blob,
-			 struct object_array *p,
-			 struct name_path *path,
-			 const char *name,
-			 struct connectivity_progress *cp)
+static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid,
+		       int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *obj = &blob->object;
+	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
+	struct object *object;
 
-	if (!blob)
-		die("bad blob object");
-	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
-		return;
-	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	update_progress(cp);
-	/* Nothing to do, really .. The blob lookup was the important part */
+	if ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && (flag & REF_ISBROKEN)) {
+		warning("symbolic ref is dangling: %s", path);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	object = parse_object_or_die(oid->hash, path);
+	add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void process_gitlink(const unsigned char *sha1,
-			    struct object_array *p,
-			    struct name_path *path,
-			    const char *name)
+/*
+ * The traversal will have already marked us as SEEN, so we
+ * only need to handle any progress reporting here.
+ */
+static void mark_object(struct object *obj, const char *name, void *data)
 {
-	/* I don't think we want to recurse into this, really. */
+	update_progress(data);
 }
 
-static void process_tree(struct tree *tree,
-			 struct object_array *p,
-			 struct name_path *path,
-			 const char *name,
-			 struct connectivity_progress *cp)
+static void mark_commit(struct commit *c, void *data)
 {
-	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
-	struct tree_desc desc;
-	struct name_entry entry;
-	struct name_path me;
-
-	if (!tree)
-		die("bad tree object");
-	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
-		return;
-	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	update_progress(cp);
-	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
-		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	add_object(obj, p, path, name);
-	me.up = path;
-	me.elem = name;
-	me.elem_len = strlen(name);
-
-	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
-
-	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
-		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
-			process_tree(lookup_tree(entry.sha1), p, &me, entry.path, cp);
-		else if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
-			process_gitlink(entry.sha1, p, &me, entry.path);
-		else
-			process_blob(lookup_blob(entry.sha1), p, &me, entry.path, cp);
-	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	mark_object(&c->object, NULL, data);
 }
 
-static void process_tag(struct tag *tag, struct object_array *p,
-			const char *name, struct connectivity_progress *cp)
+struct recent_data {
+	struct rev_info *revs;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+};
+
+static void add_recent_object(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      unsigned long mtime,
+			      struct recent_data *data)
 {
-	struct object *obj = &tag->object;
+	struct object *obj;
+	enum object_type type;
 
-	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
+	if (mtime <= data->timestamp)
 		return;
-	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	update_progress(cp);
 
-	if (parse_tag(tag) < 0)
-		die("bad tag object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	if (tag->tagged)
-		add_object(tag->tagged, p, NULL, name);
-}
-
-static void walk_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
-			     struct connectivity_progress *cp)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct object_array objects = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-
-	/* Walk all commits, process their trees */
-	while ((commit = get_revision(revs)) != NULL) {
-		process_tree(commit->tree, &objects, NULL, "", cp);
-		update_progress(cp);
-	}
-
-	/* Then walk all the pending objects, recursively processing them too */
-	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *pending = revs->pending.objects + i;
-		struct object *obj = pending->item;
-		const char *name = pending->name;
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			process_tag((struct tag *) obj, &objects, name, cp);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-			process_tree((struct tree *)obj, &objects, NULL, name, cp);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
-			process_blob((struct blob *)obj, &objects, NULL, name, cp);
-			continue;
-		}
-		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
+	/*
+	 * We do not want to call parse_object here, because
+	 * inflating blobs and trees could be very expensive.
+	 * However, we do need to know the correct type for
+	 * later processing, and the revision machinery expects
+	 * commits and tags to have been parsed.
+	 */
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type < 0)
+		die("unable to get object info for %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		obj = parse_object_or_die(sha1, NULL);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+		obj = (struct object *)lookup_tree(sha1);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+		obj = (struct object *)lookup_blob(sha1);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("unknown object type for %s: %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type));
 	}
-}
 
-static int add_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
-		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
-		const char *message, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *object;
-	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
+	if (!obj)
+		die("unable to lookup %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-	object = parse_object(osha1);
-	if (object)
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
-	object = parse_object(nsha1);
-	if (object)
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
-	return 0;
+	add_pending_object(data->revs, obj, "");
 }
 
-static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int add_recent_loose(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			    const char *path, void *data)
 {
-	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
+	struct stat st;
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 
-	if (!object)
-		die("bad object ref: %s:%s", path, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+	if (obj && obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return 0;
 
-	return 0;
-}
+	if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * It's OK if an object went away during our iteration; this
+		 * could be due to a simultaneous repack. But anything else
+		 * we should abort, since we might then fail to mark objects
+		 * which should not be pruned.
+		 */
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error_errno("unable to stat %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
 
-static int add_one_reflog(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	for_each_reflog_ent(path, add_one_reflog_ent, cb_data);
+	add_recent_object(sha1, st.st_mtime, data);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_one_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *revs)
-{
-	struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(sha1);
-	if (tree)
-		add_pending_object(revs, &tree->object, "");
-}
-
-static void add_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it, struct rev_info *revs)
+static int add_recent_packed(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			     struct packed_git *p, uint32_t pos,
+			     void *data)
 {
-	int i;
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 
-	if (it->entry_count >= 0)
-		add_one_tree(it->sha1, revs);
-	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++)
-		add_cache_tree(it->down[i]->cache_tree, revs);
+	if (obj && obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return 0;
+	add_recent_object(sha1, p->mtime, data);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_cache_refs(struct rev_info *revs)
+int add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(struct rev_info *revs,
+					   unsigned long timestamp)
 {
-	int i;
-
-	read_cache();
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		/*
-		 * The index can contain blobs and GITLINKs, GITLINKs are hashes
-		 * that don't actually point to objects in the repository, it's
-		 * almost guaranteed that they are NOT blobs, so we don't call
-		 * lookup_blob() on them, to avoid populating the hash table
-		 * with invalid information
-		 */
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[i]->ce_mode))
-			continue;
-
-		lookup_blob(active_cache[i]->sha1);
-		/*
-		 * We could add the blobs to the pending list, but quite
-		 * frankly, we don't care. Once we've looked them up, and
-		 * added them as objects, we've really done everything
-		 * there is to do for a blob
-		 */
-	}
-	if (active_cache_tree)
-		add_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, revs);
+	struct recent_data data;
+	int r;
+
+	data.revs = revs;
+	data.timestamp = timestamp;
+
+	r = for_each_loose_object(add_recent_loose, &data,
+				  FOR_EACH_OBJECT_LOCAL_ONLY);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+	return for_each_packed_object(add_recent_packed, &data,
+				      FOR_EACH_OBJECT_LOCAL_ONLY);
 }
 
 void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog,
+			    unsigned long mark_recent,
 			    struct progress *progress)
 {
 	struct connectivity_progress cp;
@@ -227,14 +170,17 @@ void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog,
 	revs->tree_objects = 1;
 
 	/* Add all refs from the index file */
-	add_cache_refs(revs);
+	add_index_objects_to_pending(revs, 0);
 
 	/* Add all external refs */
 	for_each_ref(add_one_ref, revs);
 
+	/* detached HEAD is not included in the list above */
+	head_ref(add_one_ref, revs);
+
 	/* Add all reflog info */
 	if (mark_reflog)
-		for_each_reflog(add_one_reflog, revs);
+		add_reflogs_to_pending(revs, 0);
 
 	cp.progress = progress;
 	cp.count = 0;
@@ -245,6 +191,16 @@ void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog,
 	 */
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	walk_commit_list(revs, &cp);
+	traverse_commit_list(revs, mark_commit, mark_object, &cp);
+
+	if (mark_recent) {
+		revs->ignore_missing_links = 1;
+		if (add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(revs, mark_recent))
+			die("unable to mark recent objects");
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
+			die("revision walk setup failed");
+		traverse_commit_list(revs, mark_commit, mark_object, &cp);
+	}
+
 	display_progress(cp.progress, cp.count);
 }
diff --git a/reachable.h b/reachable.h
index 5d082adfec..d23efc36ec 100644
--- a/reachable.h
+++ b/reachable.h
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 #define REACHEABLE_H
 
 struct progress;
-extern void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog, struct progress *);
+extern int add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(struct rev_info *revs,
+						  unsigned long timestamp);
+extern void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog,
+				   unsigned long mark_recent, struct progress *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index a51bba1b95..db27766055 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
  */
 #define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -12,8 +14,17 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "varint.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
-static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int really);
+static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+					       unsigned int options);
+
+/* Mask for the name length in ce_flags in the on-disk index */
+
+#define CE_NAMEMASK  (0x0fff)
 
 /* Index extensions.
  *
@@ -27,8 +38,16 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int reall
 #define CACHE_EXT(s) ( (s[0]<<24)|(s[1]<<16)|(s[2]<<8)|(s[3]) )
 #define CACHE_EXT_TREE 0x54524545	/* "TREE" */
 #define CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO 0x52455543 /* "REUC" */
+#define CACHE_EXT_LINK 0x6c696e6b	  /* "link" */
+#define CACHE_EXT_UNTRACKED 0x554E5452	  /* "UNTR" */
+
+/* changes that can be kept in $GIT_DIR/index (basically all extensions) */
+#define EXTMASK (RESOLVE_UNDO_CHANGED | CACHE_TREE_CHANGED | \
+		 CE_ENTRY_ADDED | CE_ENTRY_REMOVED | CE_ENTRY_CHANGED | \
+		 SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED | UNTRACKED_CHANGED)
 
 struct index_state the_index;
+static const char *alternate_index_output;
 
 static void set_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, int nr, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
@@ -40,9 +59,12 @@ static void replace_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, int nr, struct cache
 {
 	struct cache_entry *old = istate->cache[nr];
 
-	remove_name_hash(old);
+	replace_index_entry_in_base(istate, old, ce);
+	remove_name_hash(istate, old);
+	free(old);
 	set_index_entry(istate, nr, ce);
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+	istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 }
 
 void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_name)
@@ -52,15 +74,72 @@ void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_n
 
 	new = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(namelen));
 	copy_cache_entry(new, old);
-	new->ce_flags &= ~(CE_STATE_MASK | CE_NAMEMASK);
-	new->ce_flags |= (namelen >= CE_NAMEMASK ? CE_NAMEMASK : namelen);
+	new->ce_flags &= ~CE_HASHED;
+	new->ce_namelen = namelen;
+	new->index = 0;
 	memcpy(new->name, new_name, namelen + 1);
 
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, old->name);
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate, old->name);
+	untracked_cache_remove_from_index(istate, old->name);
 	remove_index_entry_at(istate, nr);
 	add_index_entry(istate, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 }
 
+void fill_stat_data(struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	sd->sd_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
+	sd->sd_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
+	sd->sd_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	sd->sd_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	sd->sd_dev = st->st_dev;
+	sd->sd_ino = st->st_ino;
+	sd->sd_uid = st->st_uid;
+	sd->sd_gid = st->st_gid;
+	sd->sd_size = st->st_size;
+}
+
+int match_stat_data(const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	int changed = 0;
+
+	if (sd->sd_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    sd->sd_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+	if (check_stat && sd->sd_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    sd->sd_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (check_stat) {
+		if (sd->sd_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
+			sd->sd_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
+			changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
+		if (sd->sd_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+	}
+
+#ifdef USE_STDEV
+	/*
+	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
+	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
+	 * the filesystem is on
+	 */
+	if (check_stat && sd->sd_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (sd->sd_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
+		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
 /*
  * This only updates the "non-critical" parts of the directory
  * cache, ie the parts that aren't tracked by GIT, and only used
@@ -68,15 +147,7 @@ void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_n
  */
 void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
-	ce->ce_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
-	ce->ce_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
-	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
-	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
-	ce->ce_dev = st->st_dev;
-	ce->ce_ino = st->st_ino;
-	ce->ce_uid = st->st_uid;
-	ce->ce_gid = st->st_gid;
-	ce->ce_size = st->st_size;
+	fill_stat_data(&ce->ce_stat_data, st);
 
 	if (assume_unchanged)
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
@@ -85,7 +156,7 @@ void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_compare_data(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	int match = -1;
 	int fd = open(ce->name, O_RDONLY);
@@ -99,7 +170,7 @@ static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return match;
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_link(struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
+static int ce_compare_link(const struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
 {
 	int match = -1;
 	void *buffer;
@@ -120,7 +191,7 @@ static int ce_compare_link(struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
 	return match;
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int ce_compare_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
@@ -137,7 +208,7 @@ static int ce_compare_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce)
 	return hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1);
 }
 
-static int ce_modified_check_fs(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_modified_check_fs(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 	case S_IFREG:
@@ -157,17 +228,7 @@ static int ce_modified_check_fs(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int is_empty_blob_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	static const unsigned char empty_blob_sha1[20] = {
-		0xe6,0x9d,0xe2,0x9b,0xb2,0xd1,0xd6,0x43,0x4b,0x8b,
-		0x29,0xae,0x77,0x5a,0xd8,0xc2,0xe4,0x8c,0x53,0x91
-	};
-
-	return !hashcmp(sha1, empty_blob_sha1);
-}
-
-static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_match_stat_basic(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	unsigned int changed = 0;
 
@@ -199,39 +260,11 @@ static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	default:
 		die("internal error: ce_mode is %o", ce->ce_mode);
 	}
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
-		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
-		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
 
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
-		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
-		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
-#endif
-
-	if (ce->ce_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
-	    ce->ce_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
-		changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
-	if (ce->ce_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
-
-#ifdef USE_STDEV
-	/*
-	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
-	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
-	 * the filesystem is on
-	 */
-	if (ce->ce_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
-#endif
-
-	if (ce->ce_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
-		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+	changed |= match_stat_data(&ce->ce_stat_data, st);
 
 	/* Racily smudged entry? */
-	if (!ce->ce_size) {
+	if (!ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size) {
 		if (!is_empty_blob_sha1(ce->sha1))
 			changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
 	}
@@ -239,23 +272,38 @@ static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return changed;
 }
 
-static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int is_racy_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
+			const struct stat_data *sd)
 {
-	return (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
-		istate->timestamp.sec &&
+	return (istate->timestamp.sec &&
 #ifdef USE_NSEC
 		 /* nanosecond timestamped files can also be racy! */
-		(istate->timestamp.sec < ce->ce_mtime.sec ||
-		 (istate->timestamp.sec == ce->ce_mtime.sec &&
-		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= ce->ce_mtime.nsec))
+		(istate->timestamp.sec < sd->sd_mtime.sec ||
+		 (istate->timestamp.sec == sd->sd_mtime.sec &&
+		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= sd->sd_mtime.nsec))
 #else
-		istate->timestamp.sec <= ce->ce_mtime.sec
+		istate->timestamp.sec <= sd->sd_mtime.sec
 #endif
-		 );
+		);
+}
+
+static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate,
+			     const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	return (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+		is_racy_stat(istate, &ce->ce_stat_data));
+}
+
+int match_stat_data_racy(const struct index_state *istate,
+			 const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	if (is_racy_stat(istate, sd))
+		return MTIME_CHANGED;
+	return match_stat_data(sd, st);
 }
 
 int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
-		  struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+		  const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
 		  unsigned int options)
 {
 	unsigned int changed;
@@ -279,7 +327,7 @@ int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
 	 * by definition never matches what is in the work tree until it
 	 * actually gets added.
 	 */
-	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD)
+	if (ce_intent_to_add(ce))
 		return DATA_CHANGED | TYPE_CHANGED | MODE_CHANGED;
 
 	changed = ce_match_stat_basic(ce, st);
@@ -311,7 +359,8 @@ int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
 }
 
 int ie_modified(const struct index_state *istate,
-		struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
+		const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
 {
 	int changed, changed_fs;
 
@@ -340,7 +389,7 @@ int ie_modified(const struct index_state *istate,
 	 * then we know it is.
 	 */
 	if ((changed & DATA_CHANGED) &&
-	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_size != 0))
+	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size != 0))
 		return changed;
 
 	changed_fs = ce_modified_check_fs(ce, st);
@@ -403,33 +452,35 @@ int df_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1,
 	return c1 - c2;
 }
 
-int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int flags1, const char *name2, int flags2)
+int name_compare(const char *name1, size_t len1, const char *name2, size_t len2)
 {
-	int len1 = flags1 & CE_NAMEMASK;
-	int len2 = flags2 & CE_NAMEMASK;
-	int len = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
-	int cmp;
-
-	cmp = memcmp(name1, name2, len);
+	size_t min_len = (len1 < len2) ? len1 : len2;
+	int cmp = memcmp(name1, name2, min_len);
 	if (cmp)
 		return cmp;
 	if (len1 < len2)
 		return -1;
 	if (len1 > len2)
 		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	/* Compare stages  */
-	flags1 &= CE_STAGEMASK;
-	flags2 &= CE_STAGEMASK;
+int cache_name_stage_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int stage1, const char *name2, int len2, int stage2)
+{
+	int cmp;
 
-	if (flags1 < flags2)
+	cmp = name_compare(name1, len1, name2, len2);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	if (stage1 < stage2)
 		return -1;
-	if (flags1 > flags2)
+	if (stage1 > stage2)
 		return 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+static int index_name_stage_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int stage)
 {
 	int first, last;
 
@@ -438,7 +489,7 @@ int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namel
 	while (last > first) {
 		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
 		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[next];
-		int cmp = cache_name_compare(name, namelen, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+		int cmp = cache_name_stage_compare(name, namelen, stage, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 		if (!cmp)
 			return next;
 		if (cmp < 0) {
@@ -450,14 +501,20 @@ int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namel
 	return -first-1;
 }
 
+int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	return index_name_stage_pos(istate, name, namelen, 0);
+}
+
 /* Remove entry, return true if there are more entries to go.. */
 int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[pos];
 
 	record_resolve_undo(istate, ce);
-	remove_name_hash(ce);
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	remove_name_hash(istate, ce);
+	save_or_free_index_entry(istate, ce);
+	istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_REMOVED;
 	istate->cache_nr--;
 	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
 		return 0;
@@ -468,7 +525,7 @@ int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 }
 
 /*
- * Remove all cache ententries marked for removal, that is where
+ * Remove all cache entries marked for removal, that is where
  * CE_REMOVE is set in ce_flags.  This is much more effective than
  * calling remove_index_entry_at() for each entry to be removed.
  */
@@ -478,12 +535,16 @@ void remove_marked_cache_entries(struct index_state *istate)
 	unsigned int i, j;
 
 	for (i = j = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
-		if (ce_array[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
-			remove_name_hash(ce_array[i]);
+		if (ce_array[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
+			remove_name_hash(istate, ce_array[i]);
+			save_or_free_index_entry(istate, ce_array[i]);
+		}
 		else
 			ce_array[j++] = ce_array[i];
 	}
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	if (j == istate->cache_nr)
+		return;
+	istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_REMOVED;
 	istate->cache_nr = j;
 }
 
@@ -492,7 +553,8 @@ int remove_file_from_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
 	int pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, strlen(path));
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -pos-1;
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, path);
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate, path);
+	untracked_cache_remove_from_index(istate, path);
 	while (pos < istate->cache_nr && !strcmp(istate->cache[pos]->name, path))
 		remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 	return 0;
@@ -541,7 +603,9 @@ static int different_name(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *alias)
  * So we use the CE_ADDED flag to verify that the alias was an old
  * one before we accept it as
  */
-static struct cache_entry *create_alias_ce(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *alias)
+static struct cache_entry *create_alias_ce(struct index_state *istate,
+					   struct cache_entry *ce,
+					   struct cache_entry *alias)
 {
 	int len;
 	struct cache_entry *new;
@@ -554,11 +618,11 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_alias_ce(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_
 	new = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
 	memcpy(new->name, alias->name, len);
 	copy_cache_entry(new, ce);
-	free(ce);
+	save_or_free_index_entry(istate, ce);
 	return new;
 }
 
-static void record_intent_to_add(struct cache_entry *ce)
+void set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	if (write_sha1_file("", 0, blob_type, sha1))
@@ -566,7 +630,7 @@ static void record_intent_to_add(struct cache_entry *ce)
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 }
 
-int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st, int flags)
+int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st, int flags, int force_mode)
 {
 	int size, namelen, was_same;
 	mode_t st_mode = st->st_mode;
@@ -589,13 +653,15 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st,
 	size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
-	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	if (!intent_only)
 		fill_stat_cache_info(ce, st);
 	else
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_INTENT_TO_ADD;
 
-	if (trust_executable_bit && has_symlinks)
+	if (S_ISREG(st_mode) && force_mode)
+		ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(force_mode);
+	else if (trust_executable_bit && has_symlinks)
 		ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(st_mode);
 	else {
 		/* If there is an existing entry, pick the mode bits and type
@@ -614,40 +680,29 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st,
 	 * entry's directory case.
 	 */
 	if (ignore_case) {
-		const char *startPtr = ce->name;
-		const char *ptr = startPtr;
-		while (*ptr) {
-			while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
-				++ptr;
-			if (*ptr == '/') {
-				struct cache_entry *foundce;
-				++ptr;
-				foundce = index_name_exists(&the_index, ce->name, ptr - ce->name, ignore_case);
-				if (foundce) {
-					memcpy((void *)startPtr, foundce->name + (startPtr - ce->name), ptr - startPtr);
-					startPtr = ptr;
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		adjust_dirname_case(istate, ce->name);
 	}
 
-	alias = index_name_exists(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ignore_case);
+	alias = index_file_exists(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ignore_case);
 	if (alias && !ce_stage(alias) && !ie_match_stat(istate, alias, st, ce_option)) {
 		/* Nothing changed, really */
-		free(ce);
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(alias->ce_mode))
 			ce_mark_uptodate(alias);
 		alias->ce_flags |= CE_ADDED;
+
+		free(ce);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!intent_only) {
-		if (index_path(ce->sha1, path, st, HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
+		if (index_path(ce->sha1, path, st, HASH_WRITE_OBJECT)) {
+			free(ce);
 			return error("unable to index file %s", path);
+		}
 	} else
-		record_intent_to_add(ce);
+		set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(ce);
 
 	if (ignore_case && alias && different_name(ce, alias))
-		ce = create_alias_ce(ce, alias);
+		ce = create_alias_ce(istate, ce, alias);
 	ce->ce_flags |= CE_ADDED;
 
 	/* It was suspected to be racily clean, but it turns out to be Ok */
@@ -657,28 +712,31 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st,
 		    ce->ce_mode == alias->ce_mode);
 
 	if (pretend)
-		;
-	else if (add_index_entry(istate, ce, add_option))
-		return error("unable to add %s to index",path);
+		free(ce);
+	else if (add_index_entry(istate, ce, add_option)) {
+		free(ce);
+		return error("unable to add %s to index", path);
+	}
 	if (verbose && !was_same)
 		printf("add '%s'\n", path);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, int flags)
+int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path,
+	int flags, int force_mode)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	if (lstat(path, &st))
 		die_errno("unable to stat '%s'", path);
-	return add_to_index(istate, path, &st, flags);
+	return add_to_index(istate, path, &st, flags, force_mode);
 }
 
 struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
 		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage,
-		int refresh)
+		unsigned int refresh_options)
 {
 	int size, len;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	struct cache_entry *ce, *ret;
 
 	if (!verify_path(path)) {
 		error("Invalid path '%s'", path);
@@ -691,26 +749,22 @@ struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 
-	if (refresh)
-		return refresh_cache_entry(ce, 0);
-
-	return ce;
+	ret = refresh_cache_entry(ce, refresh_options);
+	if (ret != ce)
+		free(ce);
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b)
 {
 	int len = ce_namelen(a);
 	return ce_namelen(b) == len && !memcmp(a->name, b->name, len);
 }
 
-int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
-{
-	return match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL);
-}
-
 /*
  * We fundamentally don't like some paths: we don't want
  * dot or dot-dot anywhere, and for obvious reasons don't
@@ -737,9 +791,10 @@ static int verify_dotfile(const char *rest)
 	 * shares the path end test with the ".." case.
 	 */
 	case 'g':
-		if (rest[1] != 'i')
+	case 'G':
+		if (rest[1] != 'i' && rest[1] != 'I')
 			break;
-		if (rest[2] != 't')
+		if (rest[2] != 't' && rest[2] != 'T')
 			break;
 		rest += 2;
 	/* fallthrough */
@@ -763,6 +818,10 @@ int verify_path(const char *path)
 			return 1;
 		if (is_dir_sep(c)) {
 inside:
+			if (protect_hfs && is_hfs_dotgit(path))
+				return 0;
+			if (protect_ntfs && is_ntfs_dotgit(path))
+				return 0;
 			c = *path++;
 			if ((c == '.' && !verify_dotfile(path)) ||
 			    is_dir_sep(c) || c == '\0')
@@ -828,7 +887,7 @@ static int has_dir_name(struct index_state *istate,
 		}
 		len = slash - name;
 
-		pos = index_name_pos(istate, name, create_ce_flags(len, stage));
+		pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, name, len, stage);
 		if (pos >= 0) {
 			/*
 			 * Found one, but not so fast.  This could
@@ -917,8 +976,9 @@ static int add_index_entry_with_check(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_e
 	int skip_df_check = option & ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK;
 	int new_only = option & ADD_CACHE_NEW_ONLY;
 
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, ce->name);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+	if (!(option & ADD_CACHE_KEEP_CACHE_TREE))
+		cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate, ce->name);
+	pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 
 	/* existing match? Just replace it. */
 	if (pos >= 0) {
@@ -928,6 +988,9 @@ static int add_index_entry_with_check(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_e
 	}
 	pos = -pos-1;
 
+	if (!(option & ADD_CACHE_KEEP_CACHE_TREE))
+		untracked_cache_add_to_index(istate, ce->name);
+
 	/*
 	 * Inserting a merged entry ("stage 0") into the index
 	 * will always replace all non-merged entries..
@@ -950,7 +1013,7 @@ static int add_index_entry_with_check(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_e
 		if (!ok_to_replace)
 			return error("'%s' appears as both a file and as a directory",
 				     ce->name);
-		pos = index_name_pos(istate, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+		pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 		pos = -pos-1;
 	}
 	return pos + 1;
@@ -971,11 +1034,7 @@ int add_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce, int opti
 	}
 
 	/* Make sure the array is big enough .. */
-	if (istate->cache_nr == istate->cache_alloc) {
-		istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_alloc);
-		istate->cache = xrealloc(istate->cache,
-					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(istate->cache, istate->cache_nr + 1, istate->cache_alloc);
 
 	/* Add it in.. */
 	istate->cache_nr++;
@@ -984,7 +1043,7 @@ int add_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce, int opti
 			istate->cache + pos,
 			(istate->cache_nr - pos - 1) * sizeof(ce));
 	set_index_entry(istate, pos, ce);
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_ADDED;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1007,10 +1066,12 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct index_state *istate,
 	struct stat st;
 	struct cache_entry *updated;
 	int changed, size;
+	int refresh = options & CE_MATCH_REFRESH;
 	int ignore_valid = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID;
 	int ignore_skip_worktree = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+	int ignore_missing = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_MISSING;
 
-	if (ce_uptodate(ce))
+	if (!refresh || ce_uptodate(ce))
 		return ce;
 
 	/*
@@ -1027,7 +1088,17 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct index_state *istate,
 		return ce;
 	}
 
+	if (has_symlink_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce))) {
+		if (ignore_missing)
+			return ce;
+		if (err)
+			*err = ENOENT;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
+		if (ignore_missing && errno == ENOENT)
+			return ce;
 		if (err)
 			*err = errno;
 		return NULL;
@@ -1079,6 +1150,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct index_state *istate,
 	    !(ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID))
 		updated->ce_flags &= ~CE_VALID;
 
+	/* istate->cache_changed is updated in the caller */
 	return updated;
 }
 
@@ -1092,7 +1164,8 @@ static void show_file(const char * fmt, const char * name, int in_porcelain,
 	printf(fmt, name);
 }
 
-int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec,
+int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags,
+		  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		  char *seen, const char *header_msg)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1104,7 +1177,9 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 	int ignore_submodules = (flags & REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES) != 0;
 	int first = 1;
 	int in_porcelain = (flags & REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
-	unsigned int options = really ? CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID : 0;
+	unsigned int options = (CE_MATCH_REFRESH |
+				(really ? CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID : 0) |
+				(not_new ? CE_MATCH_IGNORE_MISSING : 0));
 	const char *modified_fmt;
 	const char *deleted_fmt;
 	const char *typechange_fmt;
@@ -1120,11 +1195,15 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 		struct cache_entry *ce, *new;
 		int cache_errno = 0;
 		int changed = 0;
+		int filtered = 0;
 
 		ce = istate->cache[i];
 		if (ignore_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 			continue;
 
+		if (pathspec && !ce_path_match(ce, pathspec, seen))
+			filtered = 1;
+
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 			while ((i < istate->cache_nr) &&
 			       ! strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, ce->name))
@@ -1132,12 +1211,14 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 			i--;
 			if (allow_unmerged)
 				continue;
-			show_file(unmerged_fmt, ce->name, in_porcelain, &first, header_msg);
+			if (!filtered)
+				show_file(unmerged_fmt, ce->name, in_porcelain,
+					  &first, header_msg);
 			has_errors = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (pathspec && !match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, strlen(ce->name), 0, seen))
+		if (filtered)
 			continue;
 
 		new = refresh_cache_ent(istate, ce, options, &cache_errno, &changed);
@@ -1146,21 +1227,20 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 		if (!new) {
 			const char *fmt;
 
-			if (not_new && cache_errno == ENOENT)
-				continue;
 			if (really && cache_errno == EINVAL) {
 				/* If we are doing --really-refresh that
 				 * means the index is not valid anymore.
 				 */
 				ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_VALID;
-				istate->cache_changed = 1;
+				ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+				istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 			}
 			if (quiet)
 				continue;
 
 			if (cache_errno == ENOENT)
 				fmt = deleted_fmt;
-			else if (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD)
+			else if (ce_intent_to_add(ce))
 				fmt = added_fmt; /* must be before other checks */
 			else if (changed & TYPE_CHANGED)
 				fmt = typechange_fmt;
@@ -1177,20 +1257,108 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 	return has_errors;
 }
 
-static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int really)
+static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+					       unsigned int options)
 {
-	return refresh_cache_ent(&the_index, ce, really, NULL, NULL);
+	return refresh_cache_ent(&the_index, ce, options, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
+
+/*****************************************************************
+ * Index File I/O
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+#define INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT 3
+
+static unsigned int get_index_format_default(void)
+{
+	char *envversion = getenv("GIT_INDEX_VERSION");
+	char *endp;
+	int value;
+	unsigned int version = INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+
+	if (!envversion) {
+		if (!git_config_get_int("index.version", &value))
+			version = value;
+		if (version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < version) {
+			warning(_("index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+				  "Using version %i"), INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+			return INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+		}
+		return version;
+	}
+
+	version = strtoul(envversion, &endp, 10);
+	if (*endp ||
+	    version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < version) {
+		warning(_("GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+			  "Using version %i"), INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+		version = INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+	}
+	return version;
+}
+
+/*
+ * dev/ino/uid/gid/size are also just tracked to the low 32 bits
+ * Again - this is just a (very strong in practice) heuristic that
+ * the inode hasn't changed.
+ *
+ * We save the fields in big-endian order to allow using the
+ * index file over NFS transparently.
+ */
+struct ondisk_cache_entry {
+	struct cache_time ctime;
+	struct cache_time mtime;
+	uint32_t dev;
+	uint32_t ino;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	uint32_t uid;
+	uint32_t gid;
+	uint32_t size;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	uint16_t flags;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+/*
+ * This struct is used when CE_EXTENDED bit is 1
+ * The struct must match ondisk_cache_entry exactly from
+ * ctime till flags
+ */
+struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended {
+	struct cache_time ctime;
+	struct cache_time mtime;
+	uint32_t dev;
+	uint32_t ino;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	uint32_t uid;
+	uint32_t gid;
+	uint32_t size;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	uint16_t flags;
+	uint16_t flags2;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+/* These are only used for v3 or lower */
+#define align_flex_name(STRUCT,len) ((offsetof(struct STRUCT,name) + (len) + 8) & ~7)
+#define ondisk_cache_entry_size(len) align_flex_name(ondisk_cache_entry,len)
+#define ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(len) align_flex_name(ondisk_cache_entry_extended,len)
+#define ondisk_ce_size(ce) (((ce)->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) ? \
+			    ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(ce_namelen(ce)) : \
+			    ondisk_cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce)))
+
 static int verify_hdr(struct cache_header *hdr, unsigned long size)
 {
 	git_SHA_CTX c;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int hdr_version;
 
 	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE))
 		return error("bad signature");
-	if (hdr->hdr_version != htonl(2) && hdr->hdr_version != htonl(3))
-		return error("bad index version");
+	hdr_version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
+	if (hdr_version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < hdr_version)
+		return error("bad index version %d", hdr_version);
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, size - 20);
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
@@ -1209,6 +1377,13 @@ static int read_index_extension(struct index_state *istate,
 	case CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO:
 		istate->resolve_undo = resolve_undo_read(data, sz);
 		break;
+	case CACHE_EXT_LINK:
+		if (read_link_extension(istate, data, sz))
+			return -1;
+		break;
+	case CACHE_EXT_UNTRACKED:
+		istate->untracked = read_untracked_extension(data, sz);
+		break;
 	default:
 		if (*ext < 'A' || 'Z' < *ext)
 			return error("index uses %.4s extension, which we do not understand",
@@ -1219,12 +1394,69 @@ static int read_index_extension(struct index_state *istate,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int hold_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk, int die_on_error)
+{
+	return hold_lock_file_for_update(lk, get_index_file(),
+					 die_on_error
+					 ? LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR
+					 : 0);
+}
+
 int read_index(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	return read_index_from(istate, get_index_file());
 }
 
-static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk)
+static struct cache_entry *cache_entry_from_ondisk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
+						   unsigned int flags,
+						   const char *name,
+						   size_t len)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(len));
+
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec = get_be32(&ondisk->ctime.sec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec = get_be32(&ondisk->mtime.sec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.nsec = get_be32(&ondisk->ctime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec = get_be32(&ondisk->mtime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_dev   = get_be32(&ondisk->dev);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ino   = get_be32(&ondisk->ino);
+	ce->ce_mode  = get_be32(&ondisk->mode);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_uid   = get_be32(&ondisk->uid);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_gid   = get_be32(&ondisk->gid);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size  = get_be32(&ondisk->size);
+	ce->ce_flags = flags & ~CE_NAMEMASK;
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
+	ce->index = 0;
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, ondisk->sha1);
+	memcpy(ce->name, name, len);
+	ce->name[len] = '\0';
+	return ce;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adjacent cache entries tend to share the leading paths, so it makes
+ * sense to only store the differences in later entries.  In the v4
+ * on-disk format of the index, each on-disk cache entry stores the
+ * number of bytes to be stripped from the end of the previous name,
+ * and the bytes to append to the result, to come up with its name.
+ */
+static unsigned long expand_name_field(struct strbuf *name, const char *cp_)
+{
+	const unsigned char *ep, *cp = (const unsigned char *)cp_;
+	size_t len = decode_varint(&cp);
+
+	if (name->len < len)
+		die("malformed name field in the index");
+	strbuf_remove(name, name->len - len, len);
+	for (ep = cp; *ep; ep++)
+		; /* find the end */
+	strbuf_add(name, cp, ep - cp);
+	return (const char *)ep + 1 - cp_;
+}
+
+static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
+					    unsigned long *ent_size,
+					    struct strbuf *previous_name)
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	size_t len;
@@ -1232,14 +1464,14 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk)
 	unsigned int flags;
 
 	/* On-disk flags are just 16 bits */
-	flags = ntohs(ondisk->flags);
+	flags = get_be16(&ondisk->flags);
 	len = flags & CE_NAMEMASK;
 
 	if (flags & CE_EXTENDED) {
 		struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *ondisk2;
 		int extended_flags;
 		ondisk2 = (struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *)ondisk;
-		extended_flags = ntohs(ondisk2->flags2) << 16;
+		extended_flags = get_be16(&ondisk2->flags2) << 16;
 		/* We do not yet understand any bit out of CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS */
 		if (extended_flags & ~CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS)
 			die("Unknown index entry format %08x", extended_flags);
@@ -1249,32 +1481,71 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk)
 	else
 		name = ondisk->name;
 
-	if (len == CE_NAMEMASK)
-		len = strlen(name);
-
-	ce = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(len));
+	if (!previous_name) {
+		/* v3 and earlier */
+		if (len == CE_NAMEMASK)
+			len = strlen(name);
+		ce = cache_entry_from_ondisk(ondisk, flags, name, len);
+
+		*ent_size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
+	} else {
+		unsigned long consumed;
+		consumed = expand_name_field(previous_name, name);
+		ce = cache_entry_from_ondisk(ondisk, flags,
+					     previous_name->buf,
+					     previous_name->len);
+
+		*ent_size = (name - ((char *)ondisk)) + consumed;
+	}
+	return ce;
+}
 
-	ce->ce_ctime.sec = ntohl(ondisk->ctime.sec);
-	ce->ce_mtime.sec = ntohl(ondisk->mtime.sec);
-	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ntohl(ondisk->ctime.nsec);
-	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ntohl(ondisk->mtime.nsec);
-	ce->ce_dev   = ntohl(ondisk->dev);
-	ce->ce_ino   = ntohl(ondisk->ino);
-	ce->ce_mode  = ntohl(ondisk->mode);
-	ce->ce_uid   = ntohl(ondisk->uid);
-	ce->ce_gid   = ntohl(ondisk->gid);
-	ce->ce_size  = ntohl(ondisk->size);
-	ce->ce_flags = flags;
+static void check_ce_order(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i - 1];
+		struct cache_entry *next_ce = istate->cache[i];
+		int name_compare = strcmp(ce->name, next_ce->name);
+
+		if (0 < name_compare)
+			die("unordered stage entries in index");
+		if (!name_compare) {
+			if (!ce_stage(ce))
+				die("multiple stage entries for merged file '%s'",
+				    ce->name);
+			if (ce_stage(ce) > ce_stage(next_ce))
+				die("unordered stage entries for '%s'",
+				    ce->name);
+		}
+	}
+}
 
-	hashcpy(ce->sha1, ondisk->sha1);
+static void tweak_untracked_cache(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	switch (git_config_get_untracked_cache()) {
+	case -1: /* keep: do nothing */
+		break;
+	case 0: /* false */
+		remove_untracked_cache(istate);
+		break;
+	case 1: /* true */
+		add_untracked_cache(istate);
+		break;
+	default: /* unknown value: do nothing */
+		break;
+	}
+}
 
-	memcpy(ce->name, name, len);
-	ce->name[len] = '\0';
-	return ce;
+static void post_read_index_from(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	check_ce_order(istate);
+	tweak_untracked_cache(istate);
 }
 
 /* remember to discard_cache() before reading a different cache! */
-int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+int do_read_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, int must_exist)
 {
 	int fd, i;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -1282,54 +1553,61 @@ int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
 	struct cache_header *hdr;
 	void *mmap;
 	size_t mmap_size;
+	struct strbuf previous_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT, *previous_name;
 
-	errno = EBUSY;
 	if (istate->initialized)
 		return istate->cache_nr;
 
-	errno = ENOENT;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd < 0) {
-		if (errno == ENOENT)
+		if (!must_exist && errno == ENOENT)
 			return 0;
-		die_errno("index file open failed");
+		die_errno("%s: index file open failed", path);
 	}
 
 	if (fstat(fd, &st))
 		die_errno("cannot stat the open index");
 
-	errno = EINVAL;
 	mmap_size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
 	if (mmap_size < sizeof(struct cache_header) + 20)
 		die("index file smaller than expected");
 
-	mmap = xmmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-	close(fd);
+	mmap = xmmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	if (mmap == MAP_FAILED)
 		die_errno("unable to map index file");
+	close(fd);
 
 	hdr = mmap;
 	if (verify_hdr(hdr, mmap_size) < 0)
 		goto unmap;
 
+	hashcpy(istate->sha1, (const unsigned char *)hdr + mmap_size - 20);
+	istate->version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
 	istate->cache_nr = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
 	istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_nr);
-	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(*istate->cache));
 	istate->initialized = 1;
 
+	if (istate->version == 4)
+		previous_name = &previous_name_buf;
+	else
+		previous_name = NULL;
+
 	src_offset = sizeof(*hdr);
 	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
 		struct ondisk_cache_entry *disk_ce;
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		unsigned long consumed;
 
 		disk_ce = (struct ondisk_cache_entry *)((char *)mmap + src_offset);
-		ce = create_from_disk(disk_ce);
+		ce = create_from_disk(disk_ce, &consumed, previous_name);
 		set_index_entry(istate, i, ce);
 
-		src_offset += ondisk_ce_size(ce);
+		src_offset += consumed;
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&previous_name_buf);
 	istate->timestamp.sec = st.st_mtime;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
 
@@ -1356,10 +1634,44 @@ int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
 
 unmap:
 	munmap(mmap, mmap_size);
-	errno = EINVAL;
 	die("index file corrupt");
 }
 
+int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+{
+	struct split_index *split_index;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* istate->initialized covers both .git/index and .git/sharedindex.xxx */
+	if (istate->initialized)
+		return istate->cache_nr;
+
+	ret = do_read_index(istate, path, 0);
+
+	split_index = istate->split_index;
+	if (!split_index || is_null_sha1(split_index->base_sha1)) {
+		post_read_index_from(istate);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (split_index->base)
+		discard_index(split_index->base);
+	else
+		split_index->base = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*split_index->base));
+	ret = do_read_index(split_index->base,
+			    git_path("sharedindex.%s",
+				     sha1_to_hex(split_index->base_sha1)), 1);
+	if (hashcmp(split_index->base_sha1, split_index->base->sha1))
+		die("broken index, expect %s in %s, got %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(split_index->base_sha1),
+		    git_path("sharedindex.%s",
+			     sha1_to_hex(split_index->base_sha1)),
+		    sha1_to_hex(split_index->base->sha1));
+	merge_base_index(istate);
+	post_read_index_from(istate);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int is_index_unborn(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	return (!istate->cache_nr && !istate->timestamp.sec);
@@ -1369,19 +1681,29 @@ int discard_index(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		if (istate->cache[i]->index &&
+		    istate->split_index &&
+		    istate->split_index->base &&
+		    istate->cache[i]->index <= istate->split_index->base->cache_nr &&
+		    istate->cache[i] == istate->split_index->base->cache[istate->cache[i]->index - 1])
+			continue;
 		free(istate->cache[i]);
+	}
 	resolve_undo_clear_index(istate);
 	istate->cache_nr = 0;
 	istate->cache_changed = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
-	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
-	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	free_name_hash(istate);
 	cache_tree_free(&(istate->cache_tree));
 	istate->initialized = 0;
-
-	/* no need to throw away allocated active_cache */
+	free(istate->cache);
+	istate->cache = NULL;
+	istate->cache_alloc = 0;
+	discard_split_index(istate);
+	free_untracked_cache(istate->untracked);
+	istate->untracked = NULL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1442,7 +1764,7 @@ static int write_index_ext_header(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd,
 		(ce_write(context, fd, &sz, 4) < 0)) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int ce_flush(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd)
+static int ce_flush(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned int left = write_buffer_len;
 
@@ -1460,6 +1782,7 @@ static int ce_flush(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd)
 
 	/* Append the SHA1 signature at the end */
 	git_SHA1_Final(write_buffer + left, context);
+	hashcpy(sha1, write_buffer + left);
 	left += 20;
 	return (write_in_full(fd, write_buffer, left) != left) ? -1 : 0;
 }
@@ -1470,7 +1793,7 @@ static void ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
 	 * The only thing we care about in this function is to smudge the
 	 * falsely clean entry due to touch-update-touch race, so we leave
 	 * everything else as they are.  We are called for entries whose
-	 * ce_mtime match the index file mtime.
+	 * ce_stat_data.sd_mtime match the index file mtime.
 	 *
 	 * Note that this actually does not do much for gitlinks, for
 	 * which ce_match_stat_basic() always goes to the actual
@@ -1509,44 +1832,141 @@ static void ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
 		 * file, and never calls us, so the cached size information
 		 * for "frotz" stays 6 which does not match the filesystem.
 		 */
-		ce->ce_size = 0;
+		ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size = 0;
 	}
 }
 
-static int ce_write_entry(git_SHA_CTX *c, int fd, struct cache_entry *ce)
+/* Copy miscellaneous fields but not the name */
+static char *copy_cache_entry_to_ondisk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
+				       struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	int size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
-	struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk = xcalloc(1, size);
-	char *name;
-	int result;
-
-	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.sec);
-	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.sec);
-	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
-	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
-	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_dev);
-	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_ino);
+	short flags;
+
+	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec);
+	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec);
+	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.nsec);
+	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec);
+	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_dev);
+	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ino);
 	ondisk->mode = htonl(ce->ce_mode);
-	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_uid);
-	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_gid);
-	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_size);
+	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_uid);
+	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_gid);
+	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size);
 	hashcpy(ondisk->sha1, ce->sha1);
-	ondisk->flags = htons(ce->ce_flags);
+
+	flags = ce->ce_flags & ~CE_NAMEMASK;
+	flags |= (ce_namelen(ce) >= CE_NAMEMASK ? CE_NAMEMASK : ce_namelen(ce));
+	ondisk->flags = htons(flags);
 	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) {
 		struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *ondisk2;
 		ondisk2 = (struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *)ondisk;
 		ondisk2->flags2 = htons((ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS) >> 16);
-		name = ondisk2->name;
+		return ondisk2->name;
+	}
+	else {
+		return ondisk->name;
+	}
+}
+
+static int ce_write_entry(git_SHA_CTX *c, int fd, struct cache_entry *ce,
+			  struct strbuf *previous_name)
+{
+	int size;
+	struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk;
+	int saved_namelen = saved_namelen; /* compiler workaround */
+	char *name;
+	int result;
+
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_STRIP_NAME) {
+		saved_namelen = ce_namelen(ce);
+		ce->ce_namelen = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!previous_name) {
+		size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
+		ondisk = xcalloc(1, size);
+		name = copy_cache_entry_to_ondisk(ondisk, ce);
+		memcpy(name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+	} else {
+		int common, to_remove, prefix_size;
+		unsigned char to_remove_vi[16];
+		for (common = 0;
+		     (ce->name[common] &&
+		      common < previous_name->len &&
+		      ce->name[common] == previous_name->buf[common]);
+		     common++)
+			; /* still matching */
+		to_remove = previous_name->len - common;
+		prefix_size = encode_varint(to_remove, to_remove_vi);
+
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED)
+			size = offsetof(struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended, name);
+		else
+			size = offsetof(struct ondisk_cache_entry, name);
+		size += prefix_size + (ce_namelen(ce) - common + 1);
+
+		ondisk = xcalloc(1, size);
+		name = copy_cache_entry_to_ondisk(ondisk, ce);
+		memcpy(name, to_remove_vi, prefix_size);
+		memcpy(name + prefix_size, ce->name + common, ce_namelen(ce) - common);
+
+		strbuf_splice(previous_name, common, to_remove,
+			      ce->name + common, ce_namelen(ce) - common);
+	}
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_STRIP_NAME) {
+		ce->ce_namelen = saved_namelen;
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_STRIP_NAME;
 	}
-	else
-		name = ondisk->name;
-	memcpy(name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 
 	result = ce_write(c, fd, ondisk, size);
 	free(ondisk);
 	return result;
 }
 
+/*
+ * This function verifies if index_state has the correct sha1 of the
+ * index file.  Don't die if we have any other failure, just return 0.
+ */
+static int verify_index_from(const struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+{
+	int fd;
+	ssize_t n;
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (!istate->initialized)
+		return 0;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (st.st_size < sizeof(struct cache_header) + 20)
+		goto out;
+
+	n = pread_in_full(fd, sha1, 20, st.st_size - 20);
+	if (n != 20)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (hashcmp(istate->sha1, sha1))
+		goto out;
+
+	close(fd);
+	return 1;
+
+out:
+	close(fd);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_index(const struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	return verify_index_from(istate, get_index_file());
+}
+
 static int has_racy_timestamp(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	int entries = istate->cache_nr;
@@ -1561,25 +1981,26 @@ static int has_racy_timestamp(struct index_state *istate)
 }
 
 /*
- * Opportunisticly update the index but do not complain if we can't
+ * Opportunistically update the index but do not complain if we can't
  */
 void update_index_if_able(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lockfile)
 {
 	if ((istate->cache_changed || has_racy_timestamp(istate)) &&
-	    !write_index(istate, lockfile->fd))
-		commit_locked_index(lockfile);
-	else
+	    verify_index(istate) &&
+	    write_locked_index(istate, lockfile, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		rollback_lock_file(lockfile);
 }
 
-int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
+static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd,
+			  int strip_extensions)
 {
 	git_SHA_CTX c;
 	struct cache_header hdr;
-	int i, err, removed, extended;
+	int i, err, removed, extended, hdr_version;
 	struct cache_entry **cache = istate->cache;
 	int entries = istate->cache_nr;
 	struct stat st;
+	struct strbuf previous_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT, *previous_name;
 
 	for (i = removed = extended = 0; i < entries; i++) {
 		if (cache[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
@@ -1593,27 +2014,62 @@ int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (!istate->version) {
+		istate->version = get_index_format_default();
+		if (getenv("GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX"))
+			init_split_index(istate);
+	}
+
+	/* demote version 3 to version 2 when the latter suffices */
+	if (istate->version == 3 || istate->version == 2)
+		istate->version = extended ? 3 : 2;
+
+	hdr_version = istate->version;
+
 	hdr.hdr_signature = htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE);
-	/* for extended format, increase version so older git won't try to read it */
-	hdr.hdr_version = htonl(extended ? 3 : 2);
+	hdr.hdr_version = htonl(hdr_version);
 	hdr.hdr_entries = htonl(entries - removed);
 
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 	if (ce_write(&c, newfd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
+	previous_name = (hdr_version == 4) ? &previous_name_buf : NULL;
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
 			continue;
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce) && is_racy_timestamp(istate, ce))
 			ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(ce);
-		if (ce_write_entry(&c, newfd, ce) < 0)
+		if (is_null_sha1(ce->sha1)) {
+			static const char msg[] = "cache entry has null sha1: %s";
+			static int allow = -1;
+
+			if (allow < 0)
+				allow = git_env_bool("GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1", 0);
+			if (allow)
+				warning(msg, ce->name);
+			else
+				return error(msg, ce->name);
+		}
+		if (ce_write_entry(&c, newfd, ce, previous_name) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&previous_name_buf);
 
 	/* Write extension data here */
-	if (istate->cache_tree) {
+	if (!strip_extensions && istate->split_index) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		err = write_link_extension(&sb, istate) < 0 ||
+			write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_LINK,
+					       sb.len) < 0 ||
+			ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		if (err)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (!strip_extensions && istate->cache_tree) {
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		cache_tree_write(&sb, istate->cache_tree);
@@ -1623,7 +2079,7 @@ int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
 		if (err)
 			return -1;
 	}
-	if (istate->resolve_undo) {
+	if (!strip_extensions && istate->resolve_undo) {
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		resolve_undo_write(&sb, istate->resolve_undo);
@@ -1634,14 +2090,117 @@ int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
 		if (err)
 			return -1;
 	}
+	if (!strip_extensions && istate->untracked) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		write_untracked_extension(&sb, istate->untracked);
+		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_UNTRACKED,
+					     sb.len) < 0 ||
+			ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		if (err)
+			return -1;
+	}
 
-	if (ce_flush(&c, newfd) || fstat(newfd, &st))
+	if (ce_flush(&c, newfd, istate->sha1) || fstat(newfd, &st))
 		return -1;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = (unsigned int)st.st_mtime;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+void set_alternate_index_output(const char *name)
+{
+	alternate_index_output = name;
+}
+
+static int commit_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	if (alternate_index_output)
+		return commit_lock_file_to(lk, alternate_index_output);
+	else
+		return commit_lock_file(lk);
+}
+
+static int do_write_locked_index(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lock,
+				 unsigned flags)
+{
+	int ret = do_write_index(istate, get_lock_file_fd(lock), 0);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	assert((flags & (COMMIT_LOCK | CLOSE_LOCK)) !=
+	       (COMMIT_LOCK | CLOSE_LOCK));
+	if (flags & COMMIT_LOCK)
+		return commit_locked_index(lock);
+	else if (flags & CLOSE_LOCK)
+		return close_lock_file(lock);
+	else
+		return ret;
+}
+
+static int write_split_index(struct index_state *istate,
+			     struct lock_file *lock,
+			     unsigned flags)
+{
+	int ret;
+	prepare_to_write_split_index(istate);
+	ret = do_write_locked_index(istate, lock, flags);
+	finish_writing_split_index(istate);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct tempfile temporary_sharedindex;
+
+static int write_shared_index(struct index_state *istate,
+			      struct lock_file *lock, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	fd = mks_tempfile(&temporary_sharedindex, git_path("sharedindex_XXXXXX"));
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		hashclr(si->base_sha1);
+		return do_write_locked_index(istate, lock, flags);
+	}
+	move_cache_to_base_index(istate);
+	ret = do_write_index(si->base, fd, 1);
+	if (ret) {
+		delete_tempfile(&temporary_sharedindex);
+		return ret;
+	}
+	ret = rename_tempfile(&temporary_sharedindex,
+			      git_path("sharedindex.%s", sha1_to_hex(si->base->sha1)));
+	if (!ret)
+		hashcpy(si->base_sha1, si->base->sha1);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int write_locked_index(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lock,
+		       unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+
+	if (!si || alternate_index_output ||
+	    (istate->cache_changed & ~EXTMASK)) {
+		if (si)
+			hashclr(si->base_sha1);
+		return do_write_locked_index(istate, lock, flags);
+	}
+
+	if (getenv("GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX")) {
+		int v = si->base_sha1[0];
+		if ((v & 15) < 6)
+			istate->cache_changed |= SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED;
+	}
+	if (istate->cache_changed & SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED) {
+		int ret = write_shared_index(istate, lock, flags);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	return write_split_index(istate, lock, flags);
+}
+
 /*
  * Read the index file that is potentially unmerged into given
  * index_state, dropping any unmerged entries.  Returns true if
@@ -1663,16 +2222,16 @@ int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *istate)
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		unmerged = 1;
-		len = strlen(ce->name);
+		len = ce_namelen(ce);
 		size = cache_entry_size(len);
 		new_ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 		memcpy(new_ce->name, ce->name, len);
-		new_ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0) | CE_CONFLICTED;
+		new_ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0) | CE_CONFLICTED;
+		new_ce->ce_namelen = len;
 		new_ce->ce_mode = ce->ce_mode;
 		if (add_index_entry(istate, new_ce, 0))
 			return error("%s: cannot drop to stage #0",
-				     ce->name);
-		i = index_name_pos(istate, new_ce->name, len);
+				     new_ce->name);
 	}
 	return unmerged;
 }
@@ -1704,3 +2263,67 @@ int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name,
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
+
+void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	int pos, len;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *data;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
+		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
+		 */
+		int i;
+		for (i = -pos - 1;
+		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
+		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
+		     i++)
+			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
+				pos = i;
+	}
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (size)
+		*size = sz;
+	return data;
+}
+
+void stat_validity_clear(struct stat_validity *sv)
+{
+	free(sv->sd);
+	sv->sd = NULL;
+}
+
+int stat_validity_check(struct stat_validity *sv, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return sv->sd == NULL;
+	if (!sv->sd)
+		return 0;
+	return S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !match_stat_data(sv->sd, &st);
+}
+
+void stat_validity_update(struct stat_validity *sv, int fd)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		stat_validity_clear(sv);
+	else {
+		if (!sv->sd)
+			sv->sd = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct stat_data));
+		fill_stat_data(sv->sd, &st);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ref-filter.c b/ref-filter.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc551a752c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ref-filter.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1712 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "ref-filter.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+typedef enum { FIELD_STR, FIELD_ULONG, FIELD_TIME } cmp_type;
+
+struct align {
+	align_type position;
+	unsigned int width;
+};
+
+/*
+ * An atom is a valid field atom listed below, possibly prefixed with
+ * a "*" to denote deref_tag().
+ *
+ * We parse given format string and sort specifiers, and make a list
+ * of properties that we need to extract out of objects.  ref_array_item
+ * structure will hold an array of values extracted that can be
+ * indexed with the "atom number", which is an index into this
+ * array.
+ */
+static struct used_atom {
+	const char *name;
+	cmp_type type;
+	union {
+		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+		struct align align;
+		enum { RR_NORMAL, RR_SHORTEN, RR_TRACK, RR_TRACKSHORT }
+			remote_ref;
+		struct {
+			enum { C_BARE, C_BODY, C_BODY_DEP, C_LINES, C_SIG, C_SUB } option;
+			unsigned int nlines;
+		} contents;
+		enum { O_FULL, O_SHORT } objectname;
+	} u;
+} *used_atom;
+static int used_atom_cnt, need_tagged, need_symref;
+static int need_color_reset_at_eol;
+
+static void color_atom_parser(struct used_atom *atom, const char *color_value)
+{
+	if (!color_value)
+		die(_("expected format: %%(color:<color>)"));
+	if (color_parse(color_value, atom->u.color) < 0)
+		die(_("unrecognized color: %%(color:%s)"), color_value);
+}
+
+static void remote_ref_atom_parser(struct used_atom *atom, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!arg)
+		atom->u.remote_ref = RR_NORMAL;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "short"))
+		atom->u.remote_ref = RR_SHORTEN;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "track"))
+		atom->u.remote_ref = RR_TRACK;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "trackshort"))
+		atom->u.remote_ref = RR_TRACKSHORT;
+	else
+		die(_("unrecognized format: %%(%s)"), atom->name);
+}
+
+static void body_atom_parser(struct used_atom *atom, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (arg)
+		die(_("%%(body) does not take arguments"));
+	atom->u.contents.option = C_BODY_DEP;
+}
+
+static void subject_atom_parser(struct used_atom *atom, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (arg)
+		die(_("%%(subject) does not take arguments"));
+	atom->u.contents.option = C_SUB;
+}
+
+static void contents_atom_parser(struct used_atom *atom, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!arg)
+		atom->u.contents.option = C_BARE;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "body"))
+		atom->u.contents.option = C_BODY;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "signature"))
+		atom->u.contents.option = C_SIG;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "subject"))
+		atom->u.contents.option = C_SUB;
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "lines=", &arg)) {
+		atom->u.contents.option = C_LINES;
+		if (strtoul_ui(arg, 10, &atom->u.contents.nlines))
+			die(_("positive value expected contents:lines=%s"), arg);
+	} else
+		die(_("unrecognized %%(contents) argument: %s"), arg);
+}
+
+static void objectname_atom_parser(struct used_atom *atom, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!arg)
+		atom->u.objectname = O_FULL;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "short"))
+		atom->u.objectname = O_SHORT;
+	else
+		die(_("unrecognized %%(objectname) argument: %s"), arg);
+}
+
+static align_type parse_align_position(const char *s)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(s, "right"))
+		return ALIGN_RIGHT;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "middle"))
+		return ALIGN_MIDDLE;
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "left"))
+		return ALIGN_LEFT;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void align_atom_parser(struct used_atom *atom, const char *arg)
+{
+	struct align *align = &atom->u.align;
+	struct string_list params = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	int i;
+	unsigned int width = ~0U;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		die(_("expected format: %%(align:<width>,<position>)"));
+
+	align->position = ALIGN_LEFT;
+
+	string_list_split(&params, arg, ',', -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < params.nr; i++) {
+		const char *s = params.items[i].string;
+		int position;
+
+		if (skip_prefix(s, "position=", &s)) {
+			position = parse_align_position(s);
+			if (position < 0)
+				die(_("unrecognized position:%s"), s);
+			align->position = position;
+		} else if (skip_prefix(s, "width=", &s)) {
+			if (strtoul_ui(s, 10, &width))
+				die(_("unrecognized width:%s"), s);
+		} else if (!strtoul_ui(s, 10, &width))
+			;
+		else if ((position = parse_align_position(s)) >= 0)
+			align->position = position;
+		else
+			die(_("unrecognized %%(align) argument: %s"), s);
+	}
+
+	if (width == ~0U)
+		die(_("positive width expected with the %%(align) atom"));
+	align->width = width;
+	string_list_clear(&params, 0);
+}
+
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	cmp_type cmp_type;
+	void (*parser)(struct used_atom *atom, const char *arg);
+} valid_atom[] = {
+	{ "refname" },
+	{ "objecttype" },
+	{ "objectsize", FIELD_ULONG },
+	{ "objectname", FIELD_STR, objectname_atom_parser },
+	{ "tree" },
+	{ "parent" },
+	{ "numparent", FIELD_ULONG },
+	{ "object" },
+	{ "type" },
+	{ "tag" },
+	{ "author" },
+	{ "authorname" },
+	{ "authoremail" },
+	{ "authordate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "committer" },
+	{ "committername" },
+	{ "committeremail" },
+	{ "committerdate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "tagger" },
+	{ "taggername" },
+	{ "taggeremail" },
+	{ "taggerdate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "creator" },
+	{ "creatordate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "subject", FIELD_STR, subject_atom_parser },
+	{ "body", FIELD_STR, body_atom_parser },
+	{ "contents", FIELD_STR, contents_atom_parser },
+	{ "upstream", FIELD_STR, remote_ref_atom_parser },
+	{ "push", FIELD_STR, remote_ref_atom_parser },
+	{ "symref" },
+	{ "flag" },
+	{ "HEAD" },
+	{ "color", FIELD_STR, color_atom_parser },
+	{ "align", FIELD_STR, align_atom_parser },
+	{ "end" },
+};
+
+#define REF_FORMATTING_STATE_INIT  { 0, NULL }
+
+struct ref_formatting_stack {
+	struct ref_formatting_stack *prev;
+	struct strbuf output;
+	void (*at_end)(struct ref_formatting_stack *stack);
+	void *at_end_data;
+};
+
+struct ref_formatting_state {
+	int quote_style;
+	struct ref_formatting_stack *stack;
+};
+
+struct atom_value {
+	const char *s;
+	union {
+		struct align align;
+	} u;
+	void (*handler)(struct atom_value *atomv, struct ref_formatting_state *state);
+	unsigned long ul; /* used for sorting when not FIELD_STR */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Used to parse format string and sort specifiers
+ */
+int parse_ref_filter_atom(const char *atom, const char *ep)
+{
+	const char *sp;
+	const char *arg;
+	int i, at;
+
+	sp = atom;
+	if (*sp == '*' && sp < ep)
+		sp++; /* deref */
+	if (ep <= sp)
+		die(_("malformed field name: %.*s"), (int)(ep-atom), atom);
+
+	/* Do we have the atom already used elsewhere? */
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		int len = strlen(used_atom[i].name);
+		if (len == ep - atom && !memcmp(used_atom[i].name, atom, len))
+			return i;
+	}
+
+	/* Is the atom a valid one? */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(valid_atom); i++) {
+		int len = strlen(valid_atom[i].name);
+
+		/*
+		 * If the atom name has a colon, strip it and everything after
+		 * it off - it specifies the format for this entry, and
+		 * shouldn't be used for checking against the valid_atom
+		 * table.
+		 */
+		arg = memchr(sp, ':', ep - sp);
+		if (len == (arg ? arg : ep) - sp &&
+		    !memcmp(valid_atom[i].name, sp, len))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (ARRAY_SIZE(valid_atom) <= i)
+		die(_("unknown field name: %.*s"), (int)(ep-atom), atom);
+
+	/* Add it in, including the deref prefix */
+	at = used_atom_cnt;
+	used_atom_cnt++;
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(used_atom, used_atom_cnt);
+	used_atom[at].name = xmemdupz(atom, ep - atom);
+	used_atom[at].type = valid_atom[i].cmp_type;
+	if (arg)
+		arg = used_atom[at].name + (arg - atom) + 1;
+	memset(&used_atom[at].u, 0, sizeof(used_atom[at].u));
+	if (valid_atom[i].parser)
+		valid_atom[i].parser(&used_atom[at], arg);
+	if (*atom == '*')
+		need_tagged = 1;
+	if (!strcmp(used_atom[at].name, "symref"))
+		need_symref = 1;
+	return at;
+}
+
+static void quote_formatting(struct strbuf *s, const char *str, int quote_style)
+{
+	switch (quote_style) {
+	case QUOTE_NONE:
+		strbuf_addstr(s, str);
+		break;
+	case QUOTE_SHELL:
+		sq_quote_buf(s, str);
+		break;
+	case QUOTE_PERL:
+		perl_quote_buf(s, str);
+		break;
+	case QUOTE_PYTHON:
+		python_quote_buf(s, str);
+		break;
+	case QUOTE_TCL:
+		tcl_quote_buf(s, str);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void append_atom(struct atom_value *v, struct ref_formatting_state *state)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Quote formatting is only done when the stack has a single
+	 * element. Otherwise quote formatting is done on the
+	 * element's entire output strbuf when the %(end) atom is
+	 * encountered.
+	 */
+	if (!state->stack->prev)
+		quote_formatting(&state->stack->output, v->s, state->quote_style);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&state->stack->output, v->s);
+}
+
+static void push_stack_element(struct ref_formatting_stack **stack)
+{
+	struct ref_formatting_stack *s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_formatting_stack));
+
+	strbuf_init(&s->output, 0);
+	s->prev = *stack;
+	*stack = s;
+}
+
+static void pop_stack_element(struct ref_formatting_stack **stack)
+{
+	struct ref_formatting_stack *current = *stack;
+	struct ref_formatting_stack *prev = current->prev;
+
+	if (prev)
+		strbuf_addbuf(&prev->output, &current->output);
+	strbuf_release(&current->output);
+	free(current);
+	*stack = prev;
+}
+
+static void end_align_handler(struct ref_formatting_stack *stack)
+{
+	struct align *align = (struct align *)stack->at_end_data;
+	struct strbuf s = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_utf8_align(&s, align->position, align->width, stack->output.buf);
+	strbuf_swap(&stack->output, &s);
+	strbuf_release(&s);
+}
+
+static void align_atom_handler(struct atom_value *atomv, struct ref_formatting_state *state)
+{
+	struct ref_formatting_stack *new;
+
+	push_stack_element(&state->stack);
+	new = state->stack;
+	new->at_end = end_align_handler;
+	new->at_end_data = &atomv->u.align;
+}
+
+static void end_atom_handler(struct atom_value *atomv, struct ref_formatting_state *state)
+{
+	struct ref_formatting_stack *current = state->stack;
+	struct strbuf s = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!current->at_end)
+		die(_("format: %%(end) atom used without corresponding atom"));
+	current->at_end(current);
+
+	/*
+	 * Perform quote formatting when the stack element is that of
+	 * a supporting atom. If nested then perform quote formatting
+	 * only on the topmost supporting atom.
+	 */
+	if (!state->stack->prev->prev) {
+		quote_formatting(&s, current->output.buf, state->quote_style);
+		strbuf_swap(&current->output, &s);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&s);
+	pop_stack_element(&state->stack);
+}
+
+/*
+ * In a format string, find the next occurrence of %(atom).
+ */
+static const char *find_next(const char *cp)
+{
+	while (*cp) {
+		if (*cp == '%') {
+			/*
+			 * %( is the start of an atom;
+			 * %% is a quoted per-cent.
+			 */
+			if (cp[1] == '(')
+				return cp;
+			else if (cp[1] == '%')
+				cp++; /* skip over two % */
+			/* otherwise this is a singleton, literal % */
+		}
+		cp++;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make sure the format string is well formed, and parse out
+ * the used atoms.
+ */
+int verify_ref_format(const char *format)
+{
+	const char *cp, *sp;
+
+	need_color_reset_at_eol = 0;
+	for (cp = format; *cp && (sp = find_next(cp)); ) {
+		const char *color, *ep = strchr(sp, ')');
+		int at;
+
+		if (!ep)
+			return error(_("malformed format string %s"), sp);
+		/* sp points at "%(" and ep points at the closing ")" */
+		at = parse_ref_filter_atom(sp + 2, ep);
+		cp = ep + 1;
+
+		if (skip_prefix(used_atom[at].name, "color:", &color))
+			need_color_reset_at_eol = !!strcmp(color, "reset");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given an object name, read the object data and size, and return a
+ * "struct object".  If the object data we are returning is also borrowed
+ * by the "struct object" representation, set *eaten as well---it is a
+ * signal from parse_object_buffer to us not to free the buffer.
+ */
+static void *get_obj(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object **obj, unsigned long *sz, int *eaten)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, sz);
+
+	if (buf)
+		*obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, *sz, buf, eaten);
+	else
+		*obj = NULL;
+	return buf;
+}
+
+static int grab_objectname(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   struct atom_value *v, struct used_atom *atom)
+{
+	if (starts_with(name, "objectname")) {
+		if (atom->u.objectname == O_SHORT) {
+			v->s = xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+			return 1;
+		} else if (atom->u.objectname == O_FULL) {
+			v->s = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			return 1;
+		} else
+			die("BUG: unknown %%(objectname) option");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_common_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i].name;
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "objecttype"))
+			v->s = typename(obj->type);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectsize")) {
+			v->ul = sz;
+			v->s = xstrfmt("%lu", sz);
+		}
+		else if (deref)
+			grab_objectname(name, obj->oid.hash, v, &used_atom[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_tag_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) obj;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i].name;
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "tag"))
+			v->s = tag->tag;
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "type") && tag->tagged)
+			v->s = typename(tag->tagged->type);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "object") && tag->tagged)
+			v->s = xstrdup(oid_to_hex(&tag->tagged->oid));
+	}
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_commit_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i].name;
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "tree")) {
+			v->s = xstrdup(oid_to_hex(&commit->tree->object.oid));
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "numparent")) {
+			v->ul = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+			v->s = xstrfmt("%lu", v->ul);
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "parent")) {
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+			struct strbuf s = STRBUF_INIT;
+			for (parents = commit->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+				struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+				if (parents != commit->parents)
+					strbuf_addch(&s, ' ');
+				strbuf_addstr(&s, oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
+			}
+			v->s = strbuf_detach(&s, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *find_wholine(const char *who, int wholen, const char *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	const char *eol;
+	while (*buf) {
+		if (!strncmp(buf, who, wholen) &&
+		    buf[wholen] == ' ')
+			return buf + wholen + 1;
+		eol = strchr(buf, '\n');
+		if (!eol)
+			return "";
+		eol++;
+		if (*eol == '\n')
+			return ""; /* end of header */
+		buf = eol;
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+static const char *copy_line(const char *buf)
+{
+	const char *eol = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+	return xmemdupz(buf, eol - buf);
+}
+
+static const char *copy_name(const char *buf)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+	for (cp = buf; *cp && *cp != '\n'; cp++) {
+		if (!strncmp(cp, " <", 2))
+			return xmemdupz(buf, cp - buf);
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+static const char *copy_email(const char *buf)
+{
+	const char *email = strchr(buf, '<');
+	const char *eoemail;
+	if (!email)
+		return "";
+	eoemail = strchr(email, '>');
+	if (!eoemail)
+		return "";
+	return xmemdupz(email, eoemail + 1 - email);
+}
+
+static char *copy_subject(const char *buf, unsigned long len)
+{
+	char *r = xmemdupz(buf, len);
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		if (r[i] == '\n')
+			r[i] = ' ';
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void grab_date(const char *buf, struct atom_value *v, const char *atomname)
+{
+	const char *eoemail = strstr(buf, "> ");
+	char *zone;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+	long tz;
+	struct date_mode date_mode = { DATE_NORMAL };
+	const char *formatp;
+
+	/*
+	 * We got here because atomname ends in "date" or "date<something>";
+	 * it's not possible that <something> is not ":<format>" because
+	 * parse_ref_filter_atom() wouldn't have allowed it, so we can assume that no
+	 * ":" means no format is specified, and use the default.
+	 */
+	formatp = strchr(atomname, ':');
+	if (formatp != NULL) {
+		formatp++;
+		parse_date_format(formatp, &date_mode);
+	}
+
+	if (!eoemail)
+		goto bad;
+	timestamp = strtoul(eoemail + 2, &zone, 10);
+	if (timestamp == ULONG_MAX)
+		goto bad;
+	tz = strtol(zone, NULL, 10);
+	if ((tz == LONG_MIN || tz == LONG_MAX) && errno == ERANGE)
+		goto bad;
+	v->s = xstrdup(show_date(timestamp, tz, &date_mode));
+	v->ul = timestamp;
+	return;
+ bad:
+	v->s = "";
+	v->ul = 0;
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_person(const char *who, struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+	int wholen = strlen(who);
+	const char *wholine = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i].name;
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (strncmp(who, name, wholen))
+			continue;
+		if (name[wholen] != 0 &&
+		    strcmp(name + wholen, "name") &&
+		    strcmp(name + wholen, "email") &&
+		    !starts_with(name + wholen, "date"))
+			continue;
+		if (!wholine)
+			wholine = find_wholine(who, wholen, buf, sz);
+		if (!wholine)
+			return; /* no point looking for it */
+		if (name[wholen] == 0)
+			v->s = copy_line(wholine);
+		else if (!strcmp(name + wholen, "name"))
+			v->s = copy_name(wholine);
+		else if (!strcmp(name + wholen, "email"))
+			v->s = copy_email(wholine);
+		else if (starts_with(name + wholen, "date"))
+			grab_date(wholine, v, name);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * For a tag or a commit object, if "creator" or "creatordate" is
+	 * requested, do something special.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(who, "tagger") && strcmp(who, "committer"))
+		return; /* "author" for commit object is not wanted */
+	if (!wholine)
+		wholine = find_wholine(who, wholen, buf, sz);
+	if (!wholine)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i].name;
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+
+		if (starts_with(name, "creatordate"))
+			grab_date(wholine, v, name);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "creator"))
+			v->s = copy_line(wholine);
+	}
+}
+
+static void find_subpos(const char *buf, unsigned long sz,
+			const char **sub, unsigned long *sublen,
+			const char **body, unsigned long *bodylen,
+			unsigned long *nonsiglen,
+			const char **sig, unsigned long *siglen)
+{
+	const char *eol;
+	/* skip past header until we hit empty line */
+	while (*buf && *buf != '\n') {
+		eol = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+		if (*eol)
+			eol++;
+		buf = eol;
+	}
+	/* skip any empty lines */
+	while (*buf == '\n')
+		buf++;
+
+	/* parse signature first; we might not even have a subject line */
+	*sig = buf + parse_signature(buf, strlen(buf));
+	*siglen = strlen(*sig);
+
+	/* subject is first non-empty line */
+	*sub = buf;
+	/* subject goes to first empty line */
+	while (buf < *sig && *buf && *buf != '\n') {
+		eol = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+		if (*eol)
+			eol++;
+		buf = eol;
+	}
+	*sublen = buf - *sub;
+	/* drop trailing newline, if present */
+	if (*sublen && (*sub)[*sublen - 1] == '\n')
+		*sublen -= 1;
+
+	/* skip any empty lines */
+	while (*buf == '\n')
+		buf++;
+	*body = buf;
+	*bodylen = strlen(buf);
+	*nonsiglen = *sig - buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If 'lines' is greater than 0, append that many lines from the given
+ * 'buf' of length 'size' to the given strbuf.
+ */
+static void append_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, unsigned long size, int lines)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char *sp, *eol;
+	size_t len;
+
+	sp = buf;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < lines && sp < buf + size; i++) {
+		if (i)
+			strbuf_addstr(out, "\n    ");
+		eol = memchr(sp, '\n', size - (sp - buf));
+		len = eol ? eol - sp : size - (sp - buf);
+		strbuf_add(out, sp, len);
+		if (!eol)
+			break;
+		sp = eol + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_sub_body_contents(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char *subpos = NULL, *bodypos = NULL, *sigpos = NULL;
+	unsigned long sublen = 0, bodylen = 0, nonsiglen = 0, siglen = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		struct used_atom *atom = &used_atom[i];
+		const char *name = atom->name;
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (strcmp(name, "subject") &&
+		    strcmp(name, "body") &&
+		    !starts_with(name, "contents"))
+			continue;
+		if (!subpos)
+			find_subpos(buf, sz,
+				    &subpos, &sublen,
+				    &bodypos, &bodylen, &nonsiglen,
+				    &sigpos, &siglen);
+
+		if (atom->u.contents.option == C_SUB)
+			v->s = copy_subject(subpos, sublen);
+		else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_BODY_DEP)
+			v->s = xmemdupz(bodypos, bodylen);
+		else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_BODY)
+			v->s = xmemdupz(bodypos, nonsiglen);
+		else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_SIG)
+			v->s = xmemdupz(sigpos, siglen);
+		else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_LINES) {
+			struct strbuf s = STRBUF_INIT;
+			const char *contents_end = bodylen + bodypos - siglen;
+
+			/*  Size is the length of the message after removing the signature */
+			append_lines(&s, subpos, contents_end - subpos, atom->u.contents.nlines);
+			v->s = strbuf_detach(&s, NULL);
+		} else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_BARE)
+			v->s = xstrdup(subpos);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * We want to have empty print-string for field requests
+ * that do not apply (e.g. "authordate" for a tag object)
+ */
+static void fill_missing_values(struct atom_value *val)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (v->s == NULL)
+			v->s = "";
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * val is a list of atom_value to hold returned values.  Extract
+ * the values for atoms in used_atom array out of (obj, buf, sz).
+ * when deref is false, (obj, buf, sz) is the object that is
+ * pointed at by the ref itself; otherwise it is the object the
+ * ref (which is a tag) refers to.
+ */
+static void grab_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	grab_common_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+	switch (obj->type) {
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		grab_tag_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_sub_body_contents(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_person("tagger", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		grab_commit_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_sub_body_contents(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_person("author", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_person("committer", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+		/* grab_tree_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz); */
+		break;
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+		/* grab_blob_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz); */
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("Eh?  Object of type %d?", obj->type);
+	}
+}
+
+static inline char *copy_advance(char *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	while (*src)
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+	return dst;
+}
+
+static const char *strip_ref_components(const char *refname, const char *nr_arg)
+{
+	char *end;
+	long nr = strtol(nr_arg, &end, 10);
+	long remaining = nr;
+	const char *start = refname;
+
+	if (nr < 1 || *end != '\0')
+		die(_(":strip= requires a positive integer argument"));
+
+	while (remaining) {
+		switch (*start++) {
+		case '\0':
+			die(_("ref '%s' does not have %ld components to :strip"),
+			    refname, nr);
+		case '/':
+			remaining--;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return start;
+}
+
+static void fill_remote_ref_details(struct used_atom *atom, const char *refname,
+				    struct branch *branch, const char **s)
+{
+	int num_ours, num_theirs;
+	if (atom->u.remote_ref == RR_SHORTEN)
+		*s = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, warn_ambiguous_refs);
+	else if (atom->u.remote_ref == RR_TRACK) {
+		if (stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours,
+				       &num_theirs, NULL))
+			return;
+
+		if (!num_ours && !num_theirs)
+			*s = "";
+		else if (!num_ours)
+			*s = xstrfmt("[behind %d]", num_theirs);
+		else if (!num_theirs)
+			*s = xstrfmt("[ahead %d]", num_ours);
+		else
+			*s = xstrfmt("[ahead %d, behind %d]",
+				     num_ours, num_theirs);
+	} else if (atom->u.remote_ref == RR_TRACKSHORT) {
+		if (stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours,
+				       &num_theirs, NULL))
+			return;
+
+		if (!num_ours && !num_theirs)
+			*s = "=";
+		else if (!num_ours)
+			*s = "<";
+		else if (!num_theirs)
+			*s = ">";
+		else
+			*s = "<>";
+	} else /* RR_NORMAL */
+		*s = refname;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the object referred by ref, and grab needed value.
+ */
+static void populate_value(struct ref_array_item *ref)
+{
+	void *buf;
+	struct object *obj;
+	int eaten, i;
+	unsigned long size;
+	const unsigned char *tagged;
+
+	ref->value = xcalloc(used_atom_cnt, sizeof(struct atom_value));
+
+	if (need_symref && (ref->flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && !ref->symref) {
+		unsigned char unused1[20];
+		ref->symref = resolve_refdup(ref->refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					     unused1, NULL);
+		if (!ref->symref)
+			ref->symref = "";
+	}
+
+	/* Fill in specials first */
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		struct used_atom *atom = &used_atom[i];
+		const char *name = used_atom[i].name;
+		struct atom_value *v = &ref->value[i];
+		int deref = 0;
+		const char *refname;
+		const char *formatp;
+		struct branch *branch = NULL;
+
+		v->handler = append_atom;
+
+		if (*name == '*') {
+			deref = 1;
+			name++;
+		}
+
+		if (starts_with(name, "refname"))
+			refname = ref->refname;
+		else if (starts_with(name, "symref"))
+			refname = ref->symref ? ref->symref : "";
+		else if (starts_with(name, "upstream")) {
+			const char *branch_name;
+			/* only local branches may have an upstream */
+			if (!skip_prefix(ref->refname, "refs/heads/",
+					 &branch_name))
+				continue;
+			branch = branch_get(branch_name);
+
+			refname = branch_get_upstream(branch, NULL);
+			if (refname)
+				fill_remote_ref_details(atom, refname, branch, &v->s);
+			continue;
+		} else if (starts_with(name, "push")) {
+			const char *branch_name;
+			if (!skip_prefix(ref->refname, "refs/heads/",
+					 &branch_name))
+				continue;
+			branch = branch_get(branch_name);
+
+			refname = branch_get_push(branch, NULL);
+			if (!refname)
+				continue;
+			fill_remote_ref_details(atom, refname, branch, &v->s);
+			continue;
+		} else if (starts_with(name, "color:")) {
+			v->s = atom->u.color;
+			continue;
+		} else if (!strcmp(name, "flag")) {
+			char buf[256], *cp = buf;
+			if (ref->flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+				cp = copy_advance(cp, ",symref");
+			if (ref->flag & REF_ISPACKED)
+				cp = copy_advance(cp, ",packed");
+			if (cp == buf)
+				v->s = "";
+			else {
+				*cp = '\0';
+				v->s = xstrdup(buf + 1);
+			}
+			continue;
+		} else if (!deref && grab_objectname(name, ref->objectname, v, atom)) {
+			continue;
+		} else if (!strcmp(name, "HEAD")) {
+			const char *head;
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						  sha1, NULL);
+			if (!strcmp(ref->refname, head))
+				v->s = "*";
+			else
+				v->s = " ";
+			continue;
+		} else if (starts_with(name, "align")) {
+			v->u.align = atom->u.align;
+			v->handler = align_atom_handler;
+			continue;
+		} else if (!strcmp(name, "end")) {
+			v->handler = end_atom_handler;
+			continue;
+		} else
+			continue;
+
+		formatp = strchr(name, ':');
+		if (formatp) {
+			const char *arg;
+
+			formatp++;
+			if (!strcmp(formatp, "short"))
+				refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname,
+						      warn_ambiguous_refs);
+			else if (skip_prefix(formatp, "strip=", &arg))
+				refname = strip_ref_components(refname, arg);
+			else
+				die(_("unknown %.*s format %s"),
+				    (int)(formatp - name), name, formatp);
+		}
+
+		if (!deref)
+			v->s = refname;
+		else
+			v->s = xstrfmt("%s^{}", refname);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		struct atom_value *v = &ref->value[i];
+		if (v->s == NULL)
+			goto need_obj;
+	}
+	return;
+
+ need_obj:
+	buf = get_obj(ref->objectname, &obj, &size, &eaten);
+	if (!buf)
+		die(_("missing object %s for %s"),
+		    sha1_to_hex(ref->objectname), ref->refname);
+	if (!obj)
+		die(_("parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"),
+		    sha1_to_hex(ref->objectname), ref->refname);
+
+	grab_values(ref->value, 0, obj, buf, size);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is no atom that wants to know about tagged
+	 * object, we are done.
+	 */
+	if (!need_tagged || (obj->type != OBJ_TAG))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * If it is a tag object, see if we use a value that derefs
+	 * the object, and if we do grab the object it refers to.
+	 */
+	tagged = ((struct tag *)obj)->tagged->oid.hash;
+
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK: This derefs tag only once, which
+	 * is good to deal with chains of trust, but
+	 * is not consistent with what deref_tag() does
+	 * which peels the onion to the core.
+	 */
+	buf = get_obj(tagged, &obj, &size, &eaten);
+	if (!buf)
+		die(_("missing object %s for %s"),
+		    sha1_to_hex(tagged), ref->refname);
+	if (!obj)
+		die(_("parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s"),
+		    sha1_to_hex(tagged), ref->refname);
+	grab_values(ref->value, 1, obj, buf, size);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a ref, return the value for the atom.  This lazily gets value
+ * out of the object by calling populate value.
+ */
+static void get_ref_atom_value(struct ref_array_item *ref, int atom, struct atom_value **v)
+{
+	if (!ref->value) {
+		populate_value(ref);
+		fill_missing_values(ref->value);
+	}
+	*v = &ref->value[atom];
+}
+
+enum contains_result {
+	CONTAINS_UNKNOWN = -1,
+	CONTAINS_NO = 0,
+	CONTAINS_YES = 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * Mimicking the real stack, this stack lives on the heap, avoiding stack
+ * overflows.
+ *
+ * At each recursion step, the stack items points to the commits whose
+ * ancestors are to be inspected.
+ */
+struct contains_stack {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct contains_stack_entry {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+	} *contains_stack;
+};
+
+static int in_commit_list(const struct commit_list *want, struct commit *c)
+{
+	for (; want; want = want->next)
+		if (!oidcmp(&want->item->object.oid, &c->object.oid))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test whether the candidate or one of its parents is contained in the list.
+ * Do not recurse to find out, though, but return -1 if inconclusive.
+ */
+static enum contains_result contains_test(struct commit *candidate,
+			    const struct commit_list *want)
+{
+	/* was it previously marked as containing a want commit? */
+	if (candidate->object.flags & TMP_MARK)
+		return 1;
+	/* or marked as not possibly containing a want commit? */
+	if (candidate->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		return 0;
+	/* or are we it? */
+	if (in_commit_list(want, candidate)) {
+		candidate->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (parse_commit(candidate) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void push_to_contains_stack(struct commit *candidate, struct contains_stack *contains_stack)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(contains_stack->contains_stack, contains_stack->nr + 1, contains_stack->alloc);
+	contains_stack->contains_stack[contains_stack->nr].commit = candidate;
+	contains_stack->contains_stack[contains_stack->nr++].parents = candidate->parents;
+}
+
+static enum contains_result contains_tag_algo(struct commit *candidate,
+		const struct commit_list *want)
+{
+	struct contains_stack contains_stack = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	int result = contains_test(candidate, want);
+
+	if (result != CONTAINS_UNKNOWN)
+		return result;
+
+	push_to_contains_stack(candidate, &contains_stack);
+	while (contains_stack.nr) {
+		struct contains_stack_entry *entry = &contains_stack.contains_stack[contains_stack.nr - 1];
+		struct commit *commit = entry->commit;
+		struct commit_list *parents = entry->parents;
+
+		if (!parents) {
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			contains_stack.nr--;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * If we just popped the stack, parents->item has been marked,
+		 * therefore contains_test will return a meaningful 0 or 1.
+		 */
+		else switch (contains_test(parents->item, want)) {
+		case CONTAINS_YES:
+			commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			contains_stack.nr--;
+			break;
+		case CONTAINS_NO:
+			entry->parents = parents->next;
+			break;
+		case CONTAINS_UNKNOWN:
+			push_to_contains_stack(parents->item, &contains_stack);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	free(contains_stack.contains_stack);
+	return contains_test(candidate, want);
+}
+
+static int commit_contains(struct ref_filter *filter, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (filter->with_commit_tag_algo)
+		return contains_tag_algo(commit, filter->with_commit);
+	return is_descendant_of(commit, filter->with_commit);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return 1 if the refname matches one of the patterns, otherwise 0.
+ * A pattern can be a literal prefix (e.g. a refname "refs/heads/master"
+ * matches a pattern "refs/heads/mas") or a wildcard (e.g. the same ref
+ * matches "refs/heads/mas*", too).
+ */
+static int match_pattern(const char **patterns, const char *refname)
+{
+	/*
+	 * When no '--format' option is given we need to skip the prefix
+	 * for matching refs of tags and branches.
+	 */
+	(void)(skip_prefix(refname, "refs/tags/", &refname) ||
+	       skip_prefix(refname, "refs/heads/", &refname) ||
+	       skip_prefix(refname, "refs/remotes/", &refname) ||
+	       skip_prefix(refname, "refs/", &refname));
+
+	for (; *patterns; patterns++) {
+		if (!wildmatch(*patterns, refname, 0, NULL))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return 1 if the refname matches one of the patterns, otherwise 0.
+ * A pattern can be path prefix (e.g. a refname "refs/heads/master"
+ * matches a pattern "refs/heads/" but not "refs/heads/m") or a
+ * wildcard (e.g. the same ref matches "refs/heads/m*", too).
+ */
+static int match_name_as_path(const char **pattern, const char *refname)
+{
+	int namelen = strlen(refname);
+	for (; *pattern; pattern++) {
+		const char *p = *pattern;
+		int plen = strlen(p);
+
+		if ((plen <= namelen) &&
+		    !strncmp(refname, p, plen) &&
+		    (refname[plen] == '\0' ||
+		     refname[plen] == '/' ||
+		     p[plen-1] == '/'))
+			return 1;
+		if (!wildmatch(p, refname, WM_PATHNAME, NULL))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if the refname matches one of the patterns, otherwise 0. */
+static int filter_pattern_match(struct ref_filter *filter, const char *refname)
+{
+	if (!*filter->name_patterns)
+		return 1; /* No pattern always matches */
+	if (filter->match_as_path)
+		return match_name_as_path(filter->name_patterns, refname);
+	return match_pattern(filter->name_patterns, refname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a ref (sha1, refname), check if the ref belongs to the array
+ * of sha1s. If the given ref is a tag, check if the given tag points
+ * at one of the sha1s in the given sha1 array.
+ * the given sha1_array.
+ * NEEDSWORK:
+ * 1. Only a single level of inderection is obtained, we might want to
+ * change this to account for multiple levels (e.g. annotated tags
+ * pointing to annotated tags pointing to a commit.)
+ * 2. As the refs are cached we might know what refname peels to without
+ * the need to parse the object via parse_object(). peel_ref() might be a
+ * more efficient alternative to obtain the pointee.
+ */
+static const unsigned char *match_points_at(struct sha1_array *points_at,
+					    const unsigned char *sha1,
+					    const char *refname)
+{
+	const unsigned char *tagged_sha1 = NULL;
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	if (sha1_array_lookup(points_at, sha1) >= 0)
+		return sha1;
+	obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		die(_("malformed object at '%s'"), refname);
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+		tagged_sha1 = ((struct tag *)obj)->tagged->oid.hash;
+	if (tagged_sha1 && sha1_array_lookup(points_at, tagged_sha1) >= 0)
+		return tagged_sha1;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Allocate space for a new ref_array_item and copy the objectname and flag to it */
+static struct ref_array_item *new_ref_array_item(const char *refname,
+						 const unsigned char *objectname,
+						 int flag)
+{
+	struct ref_array_item *ref;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(ref, refname, refname);
+	hashcpy(ref->objectname, objectname);
+	ref->flag = flag;
+
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static int filter_ref_kind(struct ref_filter *filter, const char *refname)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	static struct {
+		const char *prefix;
+		unsigned int kind;
+	} ref_kind[] = {
+		{ "refs/heads/" , FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES },
+		{ "refs/remotes/" , FILTER_REFS_REMOTES },
+		{ "refs/tags/", FILTER_REFS_TAGS}
+	};
+
+	if (filter->kind == FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES ||
+	    filter->kind == FILTER_REFS_REMOTES ||
+	    filter->kind == FILTER_REFS_TAGS)
+		return filter->kind;
+	else if (!strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))
+		return FILTER_REFS_DETACHED_HEAD;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ref_kind); i++) {
+		if (starts_with(refname, ref_kind[i].prefix))
+			return ref_kind[i].kind;
+	}
+
+	return FILTER_REFS_OTHERS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A call-back given to for_each_ref().  Filter refs and keep them for
+ * later object processing.
+ */
+static int ref_filter_handler(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_filter_cbdata *ref_cbdata = cb_data;
+	struct ref_filter *filter = ref_cbdata->filter;
+	struct ref_array_item *ref;
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+	unsigned int kind;
+
+	if (flag & REF_BAD_NAME) {
+		warning(_("ignoring ref with broken name %s"), refname);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (flag & REF_ISBROKEN) {
+		warning(_("ignoring broken ref %s"), refname);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Obtain the current ref kind from filter_ref_kind() and ignore unwanted refs. */
+	kind = filter_ref_kind(filter, refname);
+	if (!(kind & filter->kind))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!filter_pattern_match(filter, refname))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (filter->points_at.nr && !match_points_at(&filter->points_at, oid->hash, refname))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * A merge filter is applied on refs pointing to commits. Hence
+	 * obtain the commit using the 'oid' available and discard all
+	 * non-commits early. The actual filtering is done later.
+	 */
+	if (filter->merge_commit || filter->with_commit || filter->verbose) {
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid->hash, 1);
+		if (!commit)
+			return 0;
+		/* We perform the filtering for the '--contains' option */
+		if (filter->with_commit &&
+		    !commit_contains(filter, commit))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We do not open the object yet; sort may only need refname
+	 * to do its job and the resulting list may yet to be pruned
+	 * by maxcount logic.
+	 */
+	ref = new_ref_array_item(refname, oid->hash, flag);
+	ref->commit = commit;
+
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(ref_cbdata->array->items, ref_cbdata->array->nr + 1);
+	ref_cbdata->array->items[ref_cbdata->array->nr++] = ref;
+	ref->kind = kind;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*  Free memory allocated for a ref_array_item */
+static void free_array_item(struct ref_array_item *item)
+{
+	free((char *)item->symref);
+	free(item);
+}
+
+/* Free all memory allocated for ref_array */
+void ref_array_clear(struct ref_array *array)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++)
+		free_array_item(array->items[i]);
+	free(array->items);
+	array->items = NULL;
+	array->nr = array->alloc = 0;
+}
+
+static void do_merge_filter(struct ref_filter_cbdata *ref_cbdata)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	int i, old_nr;
+	struct ref_filter *filter = ref_cbdata->filter;
+	struct ref_array *array = ref_cbdata->array;
+	struct commit **to_clear = xcalloc(sizeof(struct commit *), array->nr);
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_array_item *item = array->items[i];
+		add_pending_object(&revs, &item->commit->object, item->refname);
+		to_clear[i] = item->commit;
+	}
+
+	filter->merge_commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	add_pending_object(&revs, &filter->merge_commit->object, "");
+
+	revs.limited = 1;
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
+
+	old_nr = array->nr;
+	array->nr = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < old_nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_array_item *item = array->items[i];
+		struct commit *commit = item->commit;
+
+		int is_merged = !!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING);
+
+		if (is_merged == (filter->merge == REF_FILTER_MERGED_INCLUDE))
+			array->items[array->nr++] = array->items[i];
+		else
+			free_array_item(item);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < old_nr; i++)
+		clear_commit_marks(to_clear[i], ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+	clear_commit_marks(filter->merge_commit, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+	free(to_clear);
+}
+
+/*
+ * API for filtering a set of refs. Based on the type of refs the user
+ * has requested, we iterate through those refs and apply filters
+ * as per the given ref_filter structure and finally store the
+ * filtered refs in the ref_array structure.
+ */
+int filter_refs(struct ref_array *array, struct ref_filter *filter, unsigned int type)
+{
+	struct ref_filter_cbdata ref_cbdata;
+	int ret = 0;
+	unsigned int broken = 0;
+
+	ref_cbdata.array = array;
+	ref_cbdata.filter = filter;
+
+	if (type & FILTER_REFS_INCLUDE_BROKEN)
+		broken = 1;
+	filter->kind = type & FILTER_REFS_KIND_MASK;
+
+	/*  Simple per-ref filtering */
+	if (!filter->kind)
+		die("filter_refs: invalid type");
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * For common cases where we need only branches or remotes or tags,
+		 * we only iterate through those refs. If a mix of refs is needed,
+		 * we iterate over all refs and filter out required refs with the help
+		 * of filter_ref_kind().
+		 */
+		if (filter->kind == FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES)
+			ret = for_each_fullref_in("refs/heads/", ref_filter_handler, &ref_cbdata, broken);
+		else if (filter->kind == FILTER_REFS_REMOTES)
+			ret = for_each_fullref_in("refs/remotes/", ref_filter_handler, &ref_cbdata, broken);
+		else if (filter->kind == FILTER_REFS_TAGS)
+			ret = for_each_fullref_in("refs/tags/", ref_filter_handler, &ref_cbdata, broken);
+		else if (filter->kind & FILTER_REFS_ALL)
+			ret = for_each_fullref_in("", ref_filter_handler, &ref_cbdata, broken);
+		if (!ret && (filter->kind & FILTER_REFS_DETACHED_HEAD))
+			head_ref(ref_filter_handler, &ref_cbdata);
+	}
+
+
+	/*  Filters that need revision walking */
+	if (filter->merge_commit)
+		do_merge_filter(&ref_cbdata);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int cmp_ref_sorting(struct ref_sorting *s, struct ref_array_item *a, struct ref_array_item *b)
+{
+	struct atom_value *va, *vb;
+	int cmp;
+	cmp_type cmp_type = used_atom[s->atom].type;
+
+	get_ref_atom_value(a, s->atom, &va);
+	get_ref_atom_value(b, s->atom, &vb);
+	if (s->version)
+		cmp = versioncmp(va->s, vb->s);
+	else if (cmp_type == FIELD_STR)
+		cmp = strcmp(va->s, vb->s);
+	else {
+		if (va->ul < vb->ul)
+			cmp = -1;
+		else if (va->ul == vb->ul)
+			cmp = strcmp(a->refname, b->refname);
+		else
+			cmp = 1;
+	}
+
+	return (s->reverse) ? -cmp : cmp;
+}
+
+static struct ref_sorting *ref_sorting;
+static int compare_refs(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct ref_array_item *a = *((struct ref_array_item **)a_);
+	struct ref_array_item *b = *((struct ref_array_item **)b_);
+	struct ref_sorting *s;
+
+	for (s = ref_sorting; s; s = s->next) {
+		int cmp = cmp_ref_sorting(s, a, b);
+		if (cmp)
+			return cmp;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void ref_array_sort(struct ref_sorting *sorting, struct ref_array *array)
+{
+	ref_sorting = sorting;
+	qsort(array->items, array->nr, sizeof(struct ref_array_item *), compare_refs);
+}
+
+static int hex1(char ch)
+{
+	if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
+		return ch - '0';
+	else if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'f')
+		return ch - 'a' + 10;
+	else if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'F')
+		return ch - 'A' + 10;
+	return -1;
+}
+static int hex2(const char *cp)
+{
+	if (cp[0] && cp[1])
+		return (hex1(cp[0]) << 4) | hex1(cp[1]);
+	else
+		return -1;
+}
+
+static void append_literal(const char *cp, const char *ep, struct ref_formatting_state *state)
+{
+	struct strbuf *s = &state->stack->output;
+
+	while (*cp && (!ep || cp < ep)) {
+		if (*cp == '%') {
+			if (cp[1] == '%')
+				cp++;
+			else {
+				int ch = hex2(cp + 1);
+				if (0 <= ch) {
+					strbuf_addch(s, ch);
+					cp += 3;
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(s, *cp);
+		cp++;
+	}
+}
+
+void show_ref_array_item(struct ref_array_item *info, const char *format, int quote_style)
+{
+	const char *cp, *sp, *ep;
+	struct strbuf *final_buf;
+	struct ref_formatting_state state = REF_FORMATTING_STATE_INIT;
+
+	state.quote_style = quote_style;
+	push_stack_element(&state.stack);
+
+	for (cp = format; *cp && (sp = find_next(cp)); cp = ep + 1) {
+		struct atom_value *atomv;
+
+		ep = strchr(sp, ')');
+		if (cp < sp)
+			append_literal(cp, sp, &state);
+		get_ref_atom_value(info, parse_ref_filter_atom(sp + 2, ep), &atomv);
+		atomv->handler(atomv, &state);
+	}
+	if (*cp) {
+		sp = cp + strlen(cp);
+		append_literal(cp, sp, &state);
+	}
+	if (need_color_reset_at_eol) {
+		struct atom_value resetv;
+		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN] = "";
+
+		if (color_parse("reset", color) < 0)
+			die("BUG: couldn't parse 'reset' as a color");
+		resetv.s = color;
+		append_atom(&resetv, &state);
+	}
+	if (state.stack->prev)
+		die(_("format: %%(end) atom missing"));
+	final_buf = &state.stack->output;
+	fwrite(final_buf->buf, 1, final_buf->len, stdout);
+	pop_stack_element(&state.stack);
+	putchar('\n');
+}
+
+/*  If no sorting option is given, use refname to sort as default */
+struct ref_sorting *ref_default_sorting(void)
+{
+	static const char cstr_name[] = "refname";
+
+	struct ref_sorting *sorting = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*sorting));
+
+	sorting->next = NULL;
+	sorting->atom = parse_ref_filter_atom(cstr_name, cstr_name + strlen(cstr_name));
+	return sorting;
+}
+
+int parse_opt_ref_sorting(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct ref_sorting **sorting_tail = opt->value;
+	struct ref_sorting *s;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!arg) /* should --no-sort void the list ? */
+		return -1;
+
+	s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+	s->next = *sorting_tail;
+	*sorting_tail = s;
+
+	if (*arg == '-') {
+		s->reverse = 1;
+		arg++;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(arg, "version:", &arg) ||
+	    skip_prefix(arg, "v:", &arg))
+		s->version = 1;
+	len = strlen(arg);
+	s->atom = parse_ref_filter_atom(arg, arg+len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_opt_merge_filter(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct ref_filter *rf = opt->value;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	rf->merge = starts_with(opt->long_name, "no")
+		? REF_FILTER_MERGED_OMIT
+		: REF_FILTER_MERGED_INCLUDE;
+
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+		die(_("malformed object name %s"), arg);
+
+	rf->merge_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 0);
+	if (!rf->merge_commit)
+		return opterror(opt, "must point to a commit", 0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ref-filter.h b/ref-filter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14d435e2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ref-filter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#ifndef REF_FILTER_H
+#define REF_FILTER_H
+
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+/* Quoting styles */
+#define QUOTE_NONE 0
+#define QUOTE_SHELL 1
+#define QUOTE_PERL 2
+#define QUOTE_PYTHON 4
+#define QUOTE_TCL 8
+
+#define FILTER_REFS_INCLUDE_BROKEN 0x0001
+#define FILTER_REFS_TAGS           0x0002
+#define FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES       0x0004
+#define FILTER_REFS_REMOTES        0x0008
+#define FILTER_REFS_OTHERS         0x0010
+#define FILTER_REFS_ALL            (FILTER_REFS_TAGS | FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES | \
+				    FILTER_REFS_REMOTES | FILTER_REFS_OTHERS)
+#define FILTER_REFS_DETACHED_HEAD  0x0020
+#define FILTER_REFS_KIND_MASK      (FILTER_REFS_ALL | FILTER_REFS_DETACHED_HEAD)
+
+struct atom_value;
+
+struct ref_sorting {
+	struct ref_sorting *next;
+	int atom; /* index into used_atom array (internal) */
+	unsigned reverse : 1,
+		version : 1;
+};
+
+struct ref_array_item {
+	unsigned char objectname[20];
+	int flag;
+	unsigned int kind;
+	const char *symref;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct atom_value *value;
+	char refname[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct ref_array {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct ref_array_item **items;
+	struct rev_info *revs;
+};
+
+struct ref_filter {
+	const char **name_patterns;
+	struct sha1_array points_at;
+	struct commit_list *with_commit;
+
+	enum {
+		REF_FILTER_MERGED_NONE = 0,
+		REF_FILTER_MERGED_INCLUDE,
+		REF_FILTER_MERGED_OMIT
+	} merge;
+	struct commit *merge_commit;
+
+	unsigned int with_commit_tag_algo : 1,
+		match_as_path : 1,
+		detached : 1;
+	unsigned int kind,
+		lines;
+	int abbrev,
+		verbose;
+};
+
+struct ref_filter_cbdata {
+	struct ref_array *array;
+	struct ref_filter *filter;
+};
+
+/*  Macros for checking --merged and --no-merged options */
+#define _OPT_MERGED_NO_MERGED(option, filter, h) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, option, (filter), N_("commit"), (h), \
+	  PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, \
+	  parse_opt_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD" \
+	}
+#define OPT_MERGED(f, h) _OPT_MERGED_NO_MERGED("merged", f, h)
+#define OPT_NO_MERGED(f, h) _OPT_MERGED_NO_MERGED("no-merged", f, h)
+
+/*
+ * API for filtering a set of refs. Based on the type of refs the user
+ * has requested, we iterate through those refs and apply filters
+ * as per the given ref_filter structure and finally store the
+ * filtered refs in the ref_array structure.
+ */
+int filter_refs(struct ref_array *array, struct ref_filter *filter, unsigned int type);
+/*  Clear all memory allocated to ref_array */
+void ref_array_clear(struct ref_array *array);
+/*  Parse format string and sort specifiers */
+int parse_ref_filter_atom(const char *atom, const char *ep);
+/*  Used to verify if the given format is correct and to parse out the used atoms */
+int verify_ref_format(const char *format);
+/*  Sort the given ref_array as per the ref_sorting provided */
+void ref_array_sort(struct ref_sorting *sort, struct ref_array *array);
+/*  Print the ref using the given format and quote_style */
+void show_ref_array_item(struct ref_array_item *info, const char *format, int quote_style);
+/*  Callback function for parsing the sort option */
+int parse_opt_ref_sorting(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset);
+/*  Default sort option based on refname */
+struct ref_sorting *ref_default_sorting(void);
+/*  Function to parse --merged and --no-merged options */
+int parse_opt_merge_filter(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset);
+
+#endif /*  REF_FILTER_H  */
diff --git a/reflog-walk.c b/reflog-walk.c
index 86d18843f5..a246af2767 100644
--- a/reflog-walk.c
+++ b/reflog-walk.c
@@ -26,14 +26,10 @@ static int read_one_reflog(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 	struct complete_reflogs *array = cb_data;
 	struct reflog_info *item;
 
-	if (array->nr >= array->alloc) {
-		array->alloc = alloc_nr(array->nr + 1);
-		array->items = xrealloc(array->items, array->alloc *
-			sizeof(struct reflog_info));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(array->items, array->nr + 1, array->alloc);
 	item = array->items + array->nr;
-	memcpy(item->osha1, osha1, 20);
-	memcpy(item->nsha1, nsha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(item->osha1, osha1);
+	hashcpy(item->nsha1, nsha1);
 	item->email = xstrdup(email);
 	item->timestamp = timestamp;
 	item->tz = tz;
@@ -45,26 +41,26 @@ static int read_one_reflog(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 static struct complete_reflogs *read_complete_reflog(const char *ref)
 {
 	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs =
-		xcalloc(sizeof(struct complete_reflogs), 1);
+		xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct complete_reflogs));
 	reflogs->ref = xstrdup(ref);
 	for_each_reflog_ent(ref, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
 	if (reflogs->nr == 0) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		const char *name;
 		void *name_to_free;
-		name = name_to_free = resolve_refdup(ref, sha1, 1, NULL);
+		name = name_to_free = resolve_refdup(ref, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						     sha1, NULL);
 		if (name) {
 			for_each_reflog_ent(name, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
 			free(name_to_free);
 		}
 	}
 	if (reflogs->nr == 0) {
-		int len = strlen(ref);
-		char *refname = xmalloc(len + 12);
-		sprintf(refname, "refs/%s", ref);
+		char *refname = xstrfmt("refs/%s", ref);
 		for_each_reflog_ent(refname, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
 		if (reflogs->nr == 0) {
-			sprintf(refname, "refs/heads/%s", ref);
+			free(refname);
+			refname = xstrfmt("refs/heads/%s", ref);
 			for_each_reflog_ent(refname, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
 		}
 		free(refname);
@@ -114,11 +110,7 @@ static void add_commit_info(struct commit *commit, void *util,
 		struct commit_info_lifo *lifo)
 {
 	struct commit_info *info;
-	if (lifo->nr >= lifo->alloc) {
-		lifo->alloc = alloc_nr(lifo->nr + 1);
-		lifo->items = xrealloc(lifo->items,
-			lifo->alloc * sizeof(struct commit_info));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(lifo->items, lifo->nr + 1, lifo->alloc);
 	info = lifo->items + lifo->nr;
 	info->commit = commit;
 	info->util = util;
@@ -126,7 +118,12 @@ static void add_commit_info(struct commit *commit, void *util,
 }
 
 struct commit_reflog {
-	int flag, recno;
+	int recno;
+	enum selector_type {
+		SELECTOR_NONE,
+		SELECTOR_INDEX,
+		SELECTOR_DATE
+	} selector;
 	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs;
 };
 
@@ -136,9 +133,9 @@ struct reflog_walk_info {
 	struct commit_reflog *last_commit_reflog;
 };
 
-void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info** info)
+void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info **info)
 {
-	*info = xcalloc(sizeof(struct reflog_walk_info), 1);
+	*info = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct reflog_walk_info));
 }
 
 int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
@@ -150,6 +147,7 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs;
 	char *branch, *at = strchr(name, '@');
 	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog;
+	enum selector_type selector = SELECTOR_NONE;
 
 	if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		die ("Cannot walk reflogs for %s", name);
@@ -162,7 +160,10 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		if (*ep != '}') {
 			recno = -1;
 			timestamp = approxidate(at + 2);
+			selector = SELECTOR_DATE;
 		}
+		else
+			selector = SELECTOR_INDEX;
 	} else
 		recno = 0;
 
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		if (*branch == '\0') {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			free(branch);
-			branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+			branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
 			if (!branch)
 				die ("No current branch");
 
@@ -198,9 +199,8 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 			= reflogs;
 	}
 
-	commit_reflog = xcalloc(sizeof(struct commit_reflog), 1);
+	commit_reflog = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct commit_reflog));
 	if (recno < 0) {
-		commit_reflog->flag = 1;
 		commit_reflog->recno = get_reflog_recno_by_time(reflogs, timestamp);
 		if (commit_reflog->recno < 0) {
 			free(branch);
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		}
 	} else
 		commit_reflog->recno = reflogs->nr - recno - 1;
+	commit_reflog->selector = selector;
 	commit_reflog->reflogs = reflogs;
 
 	add_commit_info(commit, commit_reflog, &info->reflogs);
@@ -220,6 +221,7 @@ void fake_reflog_parent(struct reflog_walk_info *info, struct commit *commit)
 	struct commit_info *commit_info =
 		get_commit_info(commit, &info->reflogs, 0);
 	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog;
+	struct object *logobj;
 	struct reflog_info *reflog;
 
 	info->last_commit_reflog = NULL;
@@ -231,23 +233,34 @@ void fake_reflog_parent(struct reflog_walk_info *info, struct commit *commit)
 		commit->parents = NULL;
 		return;
 	}
-
-	reflog = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno];
 	info->last_commit_reflog = commit_reflog;
-	commit_reflog->recno--;
-	commit_info->commit = (struct commit *)parse_object(reflog->osha1);
-	if (!commit_info->commit) {
+
+	do {
+		reflog = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno];
+		commit_reflog->recno--;
+		logobj = parse_object(reflog->osha1);
+	} while (commit_reflog->recno && (logobj && logobj->type != OBJ_COMMIT));
+
+	if (!logobj && commit_reflog->recno >= 0 && is_null_sha1(reflog->osha1)) {
+		/* a root commit, but there are still more entries to show */
+		reflog = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno];
+		logobj = parse_object(reflog->nsha1);
+	}
+
+	if (!logobj || logobj->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		commit_info->commit = NULL;
 		commit->parents = NULL;
 		return;
 	}
+	commit_info->commit = (struct commit *)logobj;
 
-	commit->parents = xcalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list), 1);
+	commit->parents = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct commit_list));
 	commit->parents->item = commit_info->commit;
 }
 
 void get_reflog_selector(struct strbuf *sb,
 			 struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info,
-			 enum date_mode dmode,
+			 const struct date_mode *dmode, int force_date,
 			 int shorten)
 {
 	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog = reflog_info->last_commit_reflog;
@@ -267,7 +280,8 @@ void get_reflog_selector(struct strbuf *sb,
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(sb, "%s@{", printed_ref);
-	if (commit_reflog->flag || dmode) {
+	if (commit_reflog->selector == SELECTOR_DATE ||
+	    (commit_reflog->selector == SELECTOR_NONE && force_date)) {
 		info = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno+1];
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(info->timestamp, info->tz, dmode));
 	} else {
@@ -308,7 +322,7 @@ const char *get_reflog_ident(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info)
 }
 
 void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info, int oneline,
-	enum date_mode dmode)
+			 const struct date_mode *dmode, int force_date)
 {
 	if (reflog_info && reflog_info->last_commit_reflog) {
 		struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog = reflog_info->last_commit_reflog;
@@ -316,7 +330,7 @@ void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info, int oneline,
 		struct strbuf selector = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		info = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno+1];
-		get_reflog_selector(&selector, reflog_info, dmode, 0);
+		get_reflog_selector(&selector, reflog_info, dmode, force_date, 0);
 		if (oneline) {
 			printf("%s: %s", selector.buf, info->message);
 		}
diff --git a/reflog-walk.h b/reflog-walk.h
index afb1ae3fde..27886f793e 100644
--- a/reflog-walk.h
+++ b/reflog-walk.h
@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@
 
 struct reflog_walk_info;
 
-extern void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info** info);
+extern void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info **info);
 extern int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		struct commit *commit, const char *name);
 extern void fake_reflog_parent(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		struct commit *commit);
 extern void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info *info, int,
-		enum date_mode);
+				const struct date_mode *, int force_date);
 extern void get_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb,
 		struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info);
 extern const char *get_reflog_ident(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info);
 extern void get_reflog_selector(struct strbuf *sb,
 		struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info,
-		enum date_mode dmode,
+		const struct date_mode *dmode, int force_date,
 		int shorten);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 6f436f1cb0..87dc82f1d8 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -1,622 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * The backend-independent part of the reference module.
+ */
+
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "refs/refs-internal.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "tag.h"
-#include "dir.h"
-
-/* ISSYMREF=0x01, ISPACKED=0x02 and ISBROKEN=0x04 are public interfaces */
-#define REF_KNOWS_PEELED 0x10
-
-struct ref_entry {
-	unsigned char flag; /* ISSYMREF? ISPACKED? */
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	/* The full name of the reference (e.g., "refs/heads/master"): */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-};
-
-struct ref_array {
-	int nr, alloc;
-	struct ref_entry **refs;
-};
 
 /*
- * Parse one line from a packed-refs file.  Write the SHA1 to sha1.
- * Return a pointer to the refname within the line (null-terminated),
- * or NULL if there was a problem.
+ * How to handle various characters in refnames:
+ * 0: An acceptable character for refs
+ * 1: End-of-component
+ * 2: ., look for a preceding . to reject .. in refs
+ * 3: {, look for a preceding @ to reject @{ in refs
+ * 4: A bad character: ASCII control characters, and
+ *    ":", "?", "[", "\", "^", "~", SP, or TAB
+ * 5: *, reject unless REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN is set
  */
-static const char *parse_ref_line(char *line, unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	/*
-	 * 42: the answer to everything.
-	 *
-	 * In this case, it happens to be the answer to
-	 *  40 (length of sha1 hex representation)
-	 *  +1 (space in between hex and name)
-	 *  +1 (newline at the end of the line)
-	 */
-	int len = strlen(line) - 42;
-
-	if (len <= 0)
-		return NULL;
-	if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1) < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	if (!isspace(line[40]))
-		return NULL;
-	line += 41;
-	if (isspace(*line))
-		return NULL;
-	if (line[len] != '\n')
-		return NULL;
-	line[len] = 0;
-
-	return line;
-}
-
-static struct ref_entry *create_ref_entry(const char *refname,
-					  const unsigned char *sha1, int flag,
-					  int check_name)
-{
-	int len;
-	struct ref_entry *ref;
-
-	if (check_name &&
-	    check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL|REFNAME_DOT_COMPONENT))
-		die("Reference has invalid format: '%s'", refname);
-	len = strlen(refname) + 1;
-	ref = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref_entry) + len);
-	hashcpy(ref->sha1, sha1);
-	hashclr(ref->peeled);
-	memcpy(ref->name, refname, len);
-	ref->flag = flag;
-	return ref;
-}
-
-/* Add a ref_entry to the end of the ref_array (unsorted). */
-static void add_ref(struct ref_array *refs, struct ref_entry *ref)
-{
-	ALLOC_GROW(refs->refs, refs->nr + 1, refs->alloc);
-	refs->refs[refs->nr++] = ref;
-}
-
-static int ref_entry_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	struct ref_entry *one = *(struct ref_entry **)a;
-	struct ref_entry *two = *(struct ref_entry **)b;
-	return strcmp(one->name, two->name);
-}
-
-/*
- * Emit a warning and return true iff ref1 and ref2 have the same name
- * and the same sha1.  Die if they have the same name but different
- * sha1s.
- */
-static int is_dup_ref(const struct ref_entry *ref1, const struct ref_entry *ref2)
-{
-	if (!strcmp(ref1->name, ref2->name)) {
-		/* Duplicate name; make sure that the SHA1s match: */
-		if (hashcmp(ref1->sha1, ref2->sha1))
-			die("Duplicated ref, and SHA1s don't match: %s",
-			    ref1->name);
-		warning("Duplicated ref: %s", ref1->name);
-		return 1;
-	} else {
-		return 0;
-	}
-}
-
-static void sort_ref_array(struct ref_array *array)
-{
-	int i, j;
-
-	/* Nothing to sort unless there are at least two entries */
-	if (array->nr < 2)
-		return;
-
-	qsort(array->refs, array->nr, sizeof(*array->refs), ref_entry_cmp);
-
-	/* Remove any duplicates from the ref_array */
-	i = 0;
-	for (j = 1; j < array->nr; j++) {
-		if (is_dup_ref(array->refs[i], array->refs[j])) {
-			free(array->refs[j]);
-			continue;
-		}
-		array->refs[++i] = array->refs[j];
-	}
-	array->nr = i + 1;
-}
-
-static struct ref_entry *search_ref_array(struct ref_array *array, const char *refname)
-{
-	struct ref_entry *e, **r;
-	int len;
-
-	if (refname == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (!array->nr)
-		return NULL;
-
-	len = strlen(refname) + 1;
-	e = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref_entry) + len);
-	memcpy(e->name, refname, len);
-
-	r = bsearch(&e, array->refs, array->nr, sizeof(*array->refs), ref_entry_cmp);
-
-	free(e);
-
-	if (r == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-
-	return *r;
-}
-
-/*
- * Future: need to be in "struct repository"
- * when doing a full libification.
- */
-static struct ref_cache {
-	struct ref_cache *next;
-	char did_loose;
-	char did_packed;
-	struct ref_array loose;
-	struct ref_array packed;
-	/* The submodule name, or "" for the main repo. */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-} *ref_cache;
-
-static struct ref_entry *current_ref;
-
-static struct ref_array extra_refs;
-
-static void clear_ref_array(struct ref_array *array)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++)
-		free(array->refs[i]);
-	free(array->refs);
-	array->nr = array->alloc = 0;
-	array->refs = NULL;
-}
-
-static void clear_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
-{
-	if (refs->did_packed)
-		clear_ref_array(&refs->packed);
-	refs->did_packed = 0;
-}
-
-static void clear_loose_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
-{
-	if (refs->did_loose)
-		clear_ref_array(&refs->loose);
-	refs->did_loose = 0;
-}
-
-static struct ref_cache *create_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
-{
-	int len;
-	struct ref_cache *refs;
-	if (!submodule)
-		submodule = "";
-	len = strlen(submodule) + 1;
-	refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_cache) + len);
-	memcpy(refs->name, submodule, len);
-	return refs;
-}
+static unsigned char refname_disposition[256] = {
+	1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+	4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+	4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 4
+};
 
 /*
- * Return a pointer to a ref_cache for the specified submodule. For
- * the main repository, use submodule==NULL. The returned structure
- * will be allocated and initialized but not necessarily populated; it
- * should not be freed.
+ * Try to read one refname component from the front of refname.
+ * Return the length of the component found, or -1 if the component is
+ * not legal.  It is legal if it is something reasonable to have under
+ * ".git/refs/"; We do not like it if:
+ *
+ * - any path component of it begins with ".", or
+ * - it has double dots "..", or
+ * - it has ASCII control characters, or
+ * - it has ":", "?", "[", "\", "^", "~", SP, or TAB anywhere, or
+ * - it has "*" anywhere unless REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN is set, or
+ * - it ends with a "/", or
+ * - it ends with ".lock", or
+ * - it contains a "@{" portion
  */
-static struct ref_cache *get_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
-{
-	struct ref_cache *refs = ref_cache;
-	if (!submodule)
-		submodule = "";
-	while (refs) {
-		if (!strcmp(submodule, refs->name))
-			return refs;
-		refs = refs->next;
-	}
-
-	refs = create_ref_cache(submodule);
-	refs->next = ref_cache;
-	ref_cache = refs;
-	return refs;
-}
-
-void invalidate_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
-{
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-	clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
-	clear_loose_ref_cache(refs);
-}
-
-static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_array *array)
-{
-	struct ref_entry *last = NULL;
-	char refline[PATH_MAX];
-	int flag = REF_ISPACKED;
-
-	while (fgets(refline, sizeof(refline), f)) {
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		const char *refname;
-		static const char header[] = "# pack-refs with:";
-
-		if (!strncmp(refline, header, sizeof(header)-1)) {
-			const char *traits = refline + sizeof(header) - 1;
-			if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
-				flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
-			/* perhaps other traits later as well */
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		refname = parse_ref_line(refline, sha1);
-		if (refname) {
-			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 1);
-			add_ref(array, last);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (last &&
-		    refline[0] == '^' &&
-		    strlen(refline) == 42 &&
-		    refline[41] == '\n' &&
-		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1))
-			hashcpy(last->peeled, sha1);
-	}
-	sort_ref_array(array);
-}
-
-void add_extra_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag)
+static int check_refname_component(const char *refname, int *flags)
 {
-	add_ref(&extra_refs, create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 0));
-}
-
-void clear_extra_refs(void)
-{
-	clear_ref_array(&extra_refs);
-}
-
-static struct ref_array *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
-{
-	if (!refs->did_packed) {
-		const char *packed_refs_file;
-		FILE *f;
-
-		if (*refs->name)
-			packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
-		else
-			packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
-		f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
-		if (f) {
-			read_packed_refs(f, &refs->packed);
-			fclose(f);
-		}
-		refs->did_packed = 1;
-	}
-	return &refs->packed;
-}
-
-static void get_ref_dir(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
-			struct ref_array *array)
-{
-	DIR *dir;
-	const char *path;
-
-	if (*refs->name)
-		path = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "%s", base);
-	else
-		path = git_path("%s", base);
-
-
-	dir = opendir(path);
-
-	if (dir) {
-		struct dirent *de;
-		int baselen = strlen(base);
-		char *refname = xmalloc(baselen + 257);
-
-		memcpy(refname, base, baselen);
-		if (baselen && base[baselen-1] != '/')
-			refname[baselen++] = '/';
+	const char *cp;
+	char last = '\0';
 
-		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			struct stat st;
-			int flag;
-			int namelen;
-			const char *refdir;
+	for (cp = refname; ; cp++) {
+		int ch = *cp & 255;
+		unsigned char disp = refname_disposition[ch];
+		switch (disp) {
+		case 1:
+			goto out;
+		case 2:
+			if (last == '.')
+				return -1; /* Refname contains "..". */
+			break;
+		case 3:
+			if (last == '@')
+				return -1; /* Refname contains "@{". */
+			break;
+		case 4:
+			return -1;
+		case 5:
+			if (!(*flags & REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN))
+				return -1; /* refspec can't be a pattern */
 
-			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
-				continue;
-			namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
-			if (namelen > 255)
-				continue;
-			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
-				continue;
-			memcpy(refname + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
-			refdir = *refs->name
-				? git_path_submodule(refs->name, "%s", refname)
-				: git_path("%s", refname);
-			if (stat(refdir, &st) < 0)
-				continue;
-			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-				get_ref_dir(refs, refname, array);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (*refs->name) {
-				hashclr(sha1);
-				flag = 0;
-				if (resolve_gitlink_ref(refs->name, refname, sha1) < 0) {
-					hashclr(sha1);
-					flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-				}
-			} else if (read_ref_full(refname, sha1, 1, &flag)) {
-				hashclr(sha1);
-				flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-			}
-			add_ref(array, create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 1));
+			/*
+			 * Unset the pattern flag so that we only accept
+			 * a single asterisk for one side of refspec.
+			 */
+			*flags &= ~ REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN;
+			break;
 		}
-		free(refname);
-		closedir(dir);
+		last = ch;
 	}
+out:
+	if (cp == refname)
+		return 0; /* Component has zero length. */
+	if (refname[0] == '.')
+		return -1; /* Component starts with '.'. */
+	if (cp - refname >= LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN &&
+	    !memcmp(cp - LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN, LOCK_SUFFIX, LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN))
+		return -1; /* Refname ends with ".lock". */
+	return cp - refname;
 }
 
-struct warn_if_dangling_data {
-	FILE *fp;
-	const char *refname;
-	const char *msg_fmt;
-};
-
-static int warn_if_dangling_symref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-				   int flags, void *cb_data)
+int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags)
 {
-	struct warn_if_dangling_data *d = cb_data;
-	const char *resolves_to;
-	unsigned char junk[20];
-
-	if (!(flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
-		return 0;
-
-	resolves_to = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, junk, 0, NULL);
-	if (!resolves_to || strcmp(resolves_to, d->refname))
-		return 0;
-
-	fprintf(d->fp, d->msg_fmt, refname);
-	return 0;
-}
+	int component_len, component_count = 0;
 
-void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname)
-{
-	struct warn_if_dangling_data data;
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "@"))
+		/* Refname is a single character '@'. */
+		return -1;
 
-	data.fp = fp;
-	data.refname = refname;
-	data.msg_fmt = msg_fmt;
-	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
-}
+	while (1) {
+		/* We are at the start of a path component. */
+		component_len = check_refname_component(refname, &flags);
+		if (component_len <= 0)
+			return -1;
 
-static struct ref_array *get_loose_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
-{
-	if (!refs->did_loose) {
-		get_ref_dir(refs, "refs", &refs->loose);
-		sort_ref_array(&refs->loose);
-		refs->did_loose = 1;
+		component_count++;
+		if (refname[component_len] == '\0')
+			break;
+		/* Skip to next component. */
+		refname += component_len + 1;
 	}
-	return &refs->loose;
-}
-
-/* We allow "recursive" symbolic refs. Only within reason, though */
-#define MAXDEPTH 5
-#define MAXREFLEN (1024)
-
-/*
- * Called by resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive() after it failed to read
- * from the loose refs in ref_cache refs. Find <refname> in the
- * packed-refs file for the submodule.
- */
-static int resolve_gitlink_packed_ref(struct ref_cache *refs,
-				      const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	struct ref_entry *ref;
-	struct ref_array *array = get_packed_refs(refs);
-
-	ref = search_ref_array(array, refname);
-	if (ref == NULL)
-		return -1;
 
-	memcpy(sha1, ref->sha1, 20);
+	if (refname[component_len - 1] == '.')
+		return -1; /* Refname ends with '.'. */
+	if (!(flags & REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL) && component_count < 2)
+		return -1; /* Refname has only one component. */
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(struct ref_cache *refs,
-					 const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
-					 int recursion)
+int refname_is_safe(const char *refname)
 {
-	int fd, len;
-	char buffer[128], *p;
-	char *path;
-
-	if (recursion > MAXDEPTH || strlen(refname) > MAXREFLEN)
-		return -1;
-	path = *refs->name
-		? git_path_submodule(refs->name, "%s", refname)
-		: git_path("%s", refname);
-	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		return resolve_gitlink_packed_ref(refs, refname, sha1);
-
-	len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
-	close(fd);
-	if (len < 0)
-		return -1;
-	while (len && isspace(buffer[len-1]))
-		len--;
-	buffer[len] = 0;
-
-	/* Was it a detached head or an old-fashioned symlink? */
-	if (!get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1))
-		return 0;
-
-	/* Symref? */
-	if (strncmp(buffer, "ref:", 4))
-		return -1;
-	p = buffer + 4;
-	while (isspace(*p))
-		p++;
-
-	return resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(refs, p, sha1, recursion+1);
-}
-
-int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	int len = strlen(path), retval;
-	char *submodule;
-	struct ref_cache *refs;
-
-	while (len && path[len-1] == '/')
-		len--;
-	if (!len)
-		return -1;
-	submodule = xstrndup(path, len);
-	refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-	free(submodule);
-
-	retval = resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(refs, refname, sha1, 0);
-	return retval;
-}
-
-/*
- * Try to read ref from the packed references.  On success, set sha1
- * and return 0; otherwise, return -1.
- */
-static int get_packed_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	struct ref_array *packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	struct ref_entry *entry = search_ref_array(packed, refname);
-	if (entry) {
-		hashcpy(sha1, entry->sha1);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
-{
-	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
-	ssize_t len;
-	char buffer[256];
-	static char refname_buffer[256];
-
-	if (flag)
-		*flag = 0;
-
-	if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
-		return NULL;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		char path[PATH_MAX];
-		struct stat st;
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/")) {
 		char *buf;
-		int fd;
-
-		if (--depth < 0)
-			return NULL;
-
-		git_snpath(path, sizeof(path), "%s", refname);
-
-		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
-			if (errno != ENOENT)
-				return NULL;
-			/*
-			 * The loose reference file does not exist;
-			 * check for a packed reference.
-			 */
-			if (!get_packed_ref(refname, sha1)) {
-				if (flag)
-					*flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
-				return refname;
-			}
-			/* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
-			if (reading) {
-				return NULL;
-			} else {
-				hashclr(sha1);
-				return refname;
-			}
-		}
-
-		/* Follow "normalized" - ie "refs/.." symlinks by hand */
-		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
-			len = readlink(path, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
-			if (len < 0)
-				return NULL;
-			buffer[len] = 0;
-			if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "refs/") &&
-					!check_refname_format(buffer, 0)) {
-				strcpy(refname_buffer, buffer);
-				refname = refname_buffer;
-				if (flag)
-					*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-
-		/* Is it a directory? */
-		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			errno = EISDIR;
-			return NULL;
-		}
+		int result;
 
+		buf = xmallocz(strlen(refname));
 		/*
-		 * Anything else, just open it and try to use it as
-		 * a ref
+		 * Does the refname try to escape refs/?
+		 * For example: refs/foo/../bar is safe but refs/foo/../../bar
+		 * is not.
 		 */
-		fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-		if (fd < 0)
-			return NULL;
-		len = read_in_full(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
-		close(fd);
-		if (len < 0)
-			return NULL;
-		while (len && isspace(buffer[len-1]))
-			len--;
-		buffer[len] = '\0';
-
-		/*
-		 * Is it a symbolic ref?
-		 */
-		if (prefixcmp(buffer, "ref:"))
-			break;
-		if (flag)
-			*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
-		buf = buffer + 4;
-		while (isspace(*buf))
-			buf++;
-		if (check_refname_format(buf, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
-			if (flag)
-				*flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		refname = strcpy(refname_buffer, buf);
+		result = !normalize_path_copy(buf, refname + strlen("refs/"));
+		free(buf);
+		return result;
 	}
-	/* Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second line containing other data. */
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
-		if (flag)
-			*flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-		return NULL;
+	while (*refname) {
+		if (!isupper(*refname) && *refname != '_')
+			return 0;
+		refname++;
 	}
-	return refname;
+	return 1;
 }
 
-char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
+char *resolve_refdup(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
+		     unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
 {
-	const char *ret = resolve_ref_unsafe(ref, sha1, reading, flag);
-	return ret ? xstrdup(ret) : NULL;
+	return xstrdup_or_null(resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, resolve_flags,
+						  sha1, flags));
 }
 
 /* The argument to filter_refs */
@@ -626,181 +156,105 @@ struct ref_filter {
 	void *cb_data;
 };
 
-int read_ref_full(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flags)
+int read_ref_full(const char *refname, int resolve_flags, unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
 {
-	if (resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, sha1, reading, flags))
+	if (resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, resolve_flags, sha1, flags))
 		return 0;
 	return -1;
 }
 
 int read_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	return read_ref_full(refname, sha1, 1, NULL);
+	return read_ref_full(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, NULL);
 }
 
-#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 01
-static int do_one_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-		      int flags, void *cb_data, struct ref_entry *entry)
+int ref_exists(const char *refname)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(entry->name, base))
-		return 0;
-
-	if (!(flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN)) {
-		if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
-			return 0; /* ignore broken refs e.g. dangling symref */
-		if (!has_sha1_file(entry->sha1)) {
-			error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	current_ref = entry;
-	return fn(entry->name + trim, entry->sha1, entry->flag, cb_data);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	return !!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, NULL);
 }
 
-static int filter_refs(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags,
-		       void *data)
+static int filter_refs(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			   int flags, void *data)
 {
 	struct ref_filter *filter = (struct ref_filter *)data;
-	if (fnmatch(filter->pattern, refname, 0))
-		return 0;
-	return filter->fn(refname, sha1, flags, filter->cb_data);
-}
-
-int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	int flag;
-	unsigned char base[20];
-	struct object *o;
-
-	if (current_ref && (current_ref->name == refname
-		|| !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
-		if (current_ref->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->peeled);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		hashcpy(base, current_ref->sha1);
-		goto fallback;
-	}
-
-	if (read_ref_full(refname, base, 1, &flag))
-		return -1;
-
-	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED)) {
-		struct ref_array *array = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-		struct ref_entry *r = search_ref_array(array, refname);
 
-		if (r != NULL && r->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, r->peeled);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-fallback:
-	o = parse_object(base);
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag(o, refname, 0);
-		if (o) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	return -1;
+	if (wildmatch(filter->pattern, refname, 0, NULL))
+		return 0;
+	return filter->fn(refname, oid, flags, filter->cb_data);
 }
 
-static int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *base, each_ref_fn fn,
-			   int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+enum peel_status peel_object(const unsigned char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int retval = 0, i, p = 0, l = 0;
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-	struct ref_array *packed = get_packed_refs(refs);
-	struct ref_array *loose = get_loose_refs(refs);
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(name);
 
-	struct ref_array *extra = &extra_refs;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
-		retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, extra->refs[i]);
-
-	while (p < packed->nr && l < loose->nr) {
-		struct ref_entry *entry;
-		int cmp = strcmp(packed->refs[p]->name, loose->refs[l]->name);
-		if (!cmp) {
-			p++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (cmp > 0) {
-			entry = loose->refs[l++];
-		} else {
-			entry = packed->refs[p++];
-		}
-		retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, entry);
-		if (retval)
-			goto end_each;
+	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
+		int type = sha1_object_info(name, NULL);
+		if (type < 0 || !object_as_type(o, type, 0))
+			return PEEL_INVALID;
 	}
 
-	if (l < loose->nr) {
-		p = l;
-		packed = loose;
-	}
+	if (o->type != OBJ_TAG)
+		return PEEL_NON_TAG;
 
-	for (; p < packed->nr; p++) {
-		retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, packed->refs[p]);
-		if (retval)
-			goto end_each;
-	}
+	o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
+	if (!o)
+		return PEEL_INVALID;
 
-end_each:
-	current_ref = NULL;
-	return retval;
+	hashcpy(sha1, o->oid.hash);
+	return PEEL_PEELED;
 }
 
+struct warn_if_dangling_data {
+	FILE *fp;
+	const char *refname;
+	const struct string_list *refnames;
+	const char *msg_fmt;
+};
 
-static int do_head_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+static int warn_if_dangling_symref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+				   int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int flag;
+	struct warn_if_dangling_data *d = cb_data;
+	const char *resolves_to;
+	struct object_id junk;
 
-	if (submodule) {
-		if (resolve_gitlink_ref(submodule, "HEAD", sha1) == 0)
-			return fn("HEAD", sha1, 0, cb_data);
+	if (!(flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		return 0;
 
+	resolves_to = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, 0, junk.hash, NULL);
+	if (!resolves_to
+	    || (d->refname
+		? strcmp(resolves_to, d->refname)
+		: !string_list_has_string(d->refnames, resolves_to))) {
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", sha1, 1, &flag))
-		return fn("HEAD", sha1, flag, cb_data);
-
+	fprintf(d->fp, d->msg_fmt, refname);
+	fputc('\n', d->fp);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int head_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
-{
-	return do_head_ref(NULL, fn, cb_data);
-}
-
-int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
-{
-	return do_head_ref(submodule, fn, cb_data);
-}
-
-int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
-}
+	struct warn_if_dangling_data data;
 
-int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
-{
-	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	data.fp = fp;
+	data.refname = refname;
+	data.refnames = NULL;
+	data.msg_fmt = msg_fmt;
+	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
 }
 
-int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+void warn_dangling_symrefs(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const struct string_list *refnames)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
-}
+	struct warn_if_dangling_data data;
 
-int for_each_ref_in_submodule(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
-		each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
-{
-	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+	data.fp = fp;
+	data.refname = NULL;
+	data.refnames = refnames;
+	data.msg_fmt = msg_fmt;
+	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
 }
 
 int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -833,36 +287,21 @@ int for_each_remote_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *c
 	return for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, "refs/remotes/", fn, cb_data);
 }
 
-int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
-{
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
-}
-
 int head_ref_namespaced(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = 0;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	int flag;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%sHEAD", get_git_namespace());
-	if (!read_ref_full(buf.buf, sha1, 1, &flag))
-		ret = fn(buf.buf, sha1, flag, cb_data);
+	if (!read_ref_full(buf.buf, RESOLVE_REF_READING, oid.hash, &flag))
+		ret = fn(buf.buf, &oid, flag, cb_data);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int for_each_namespaced_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret;
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%srefs/", get_git_namespace());
-	ret = do_for_each_ref(NULL, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	return ret;
-}
-
 int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern,
 	const char *prefix, void *cb_data)
 {
@@ -870,7 +309,7 @@ int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern,
 	struct ref_filter filter;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!prefix && prefixcmp(pattern, "refs/"))
+	if (!prefix && !starts_with(pattern, "refs/"))
 		strbuf_addstr(&real_pattern, "refs/");
 	else if (prefix)
 		strbuf_addstr(&real_pattern, prefix);
@@ -878,8 +317,7 @@ int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern,
 
 	if (!has_glob_specials(pattern)) {
 		/* Append implied '/' '*' if not present. */
-		if (real_pattern.buf[real_pattern.len - 1] != '/')
-			strbuf_addch(&real_pattern, '/');
+		strbuf_complete(&real_pattern, '/');
 		/* No need to check for '*', there is none. */
 		strbuf_addch(&real_pattern, '*');
 	}
@@ -898,117 +336,16 @@ int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern, void *cb_data)
 	return for_each_glob_ref_in(fn, pattern, NULL, cb_data);
 }
 
-int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
-{
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0,
-			       DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
-}
-
-/*
- * Make sure "ref" is something reasonable to have under ".git/refs/";
- * We do not like it if:
- *
- * - any path component of it begins with ".", or
- * - it has double dots "..", or
- * - it has ASCII control character, "~", "^", ":" or SP, anywhere, or
- * - it ends with a "/".
- * - it ends with ".lock"
- * - it contains a "\" (backslash)
- */
-
-/* Return true iff ch is not allowed in reference names. */
-static inline int bad_ref_char(int ch)
-{
-	if (((unsigned) ch) <= ' ' || ch == 0x7f ||
-	    ch == '~' || ch == '^' || ch == ':' || ch == '\\')
-		return 1;
-	/* 2.13 Pattern Matching Notation */
-	if (ch == '*' || ch == '?' || ch == '[') /* Unsupported */
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Try to read one refname component from the front of refname.  Return
- * the length of the component found, or -1 if the component is not
- * legal.
- */
-static int check_refname_component(const char *refname, int flags)
-{
-	const char *cp;
-	char last = '\0';
-
-	for (cp = refname; ; cp++) {
-		char ch = *cp;
-		if (ch == '\0' || ch == '/')
-			break;
-		if (bad_ref_char(ch))
-			return -1; /* Illegal character in refname. */
-		if (last == '.' && ch == '.')
-			return -1; /* Refname contains "..". */
-		if (last == '@' && ch == '{')
-			return -1; /* Refname contains "@{". */
-		last = ch;
-	}
-	if (cp == refname)
-		return -1; /* Component has zero length. */
-	if (refname[0] == '.') {
-		if (!(flags & REFNAME_DOT_COMPONENT))
-			return -1; /* Component starts with '.'. */
-		/*
-		 * Even if leading dots are allowed, don't allow "."
-		 * as a component (".." is prevented by a rule above).
-		 */
-		if (refname[1] == '\0')
-			return -1; /* Component equals ".". */
-	}
-	if (cp - refname >= 5 && !memcmp(cp - 5, ".lock", 5))
-		return -1; /* Refname ends with ".lock". */
-	return cp - refname;
-}
-
-int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags)
-{
-	int component_len, component_count = 0;
-
-	while (1) {
-		/* We are at the start of a path component. */
-		component_len = check_refname_component(refname, flags);
-		if (component_len < 0) {
-			if ((flags & REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN) &&
-					refname[0] == '*' &&
-					(refname[1] == '\0' || refname[1] == '/')) {
-				/* Accept one wildcard as a full refname component. */
-				flags &= ~REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN;
-				component_len = 1;
-			} else {
-				return -1;
-			}
-		}
-		component_count++;
-		if (refname[component_len] == '\0')
-			break;
-		/* Skip to next component. */
-		refname += component_len + 1;
-	}
-
-	if (refname[component_len - 1] == '.')
-		return -1; /* Refname ends with '.'. */
-	if (!(flags & REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL) && component_count < 2)
-		return -1; /* Refname has only one component. */
-	return 0;
-}
-
 const char *prettify_refname(const char *name)
 {
 	return name + (
-		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") ? 11 :
-		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/") ? 10 :
-		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/remotes/") ? 13 :
+		starts_with(name, "refs/heads/") ? 11 :
+		starts_with(name, "refs/tags/") ? 10 :
+		starts_with(name, "refs/remotes/") ? 13 :
 		0);
 }
 
-const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[] = {
+static const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[] = {
 	"%.*s",
 	"refs/%.*s",
 	"refs/tags/%.*s",
@@ -1018,12 +355,12 @@ const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
-int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **rules)
+int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name)
 {
 	const char **p;
 	const int abbrev_name_len = strlen(abbrev_name);
 
-	for (p = rules; *p; p++) {
+	for (p = ref_rev_parse_rules; *p; p++) {
 		if (!strcmp(full_name, mkpath(*p, abbrev_name_len, abbrev_name))) {
 			return 1;
 		}
@@ -1032,71 +369,6 @@ int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **r
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct ref_lock *verify_lock(struct ref_lock *lock,
-	const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist)
-{
-	if (read_ref_full(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, NULL)) {
-		error("Can't verify ref %s", lock->ref_name);
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	if (hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, old_sha1)) {
-		error("Ref %s is at %s but expected %s", lock->ref_name,
-			sha1_to_hex(lock->old_sha1), sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return lock;
-}
-
-static int remove_empty_directories(const char *file)
-{
-	/* we want to create a file but there is a directory there;
-	 * if that is an empty directory (or a directory that contains
-	 * only empty directories), remove them.
-	 */
-	struct strbuf path;
-	int result;
-
-	strbuf_init(&path, 20);
-	strbuf_addstr(&path, file);
-
-	result = remove_dir_recursively(&path, REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY);
-
-	strbuf_release(&path);
-
-	return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return true iff a reference named refname could be created without
- * conflicting with the name of an existing reference.  If oldrefname
- * is non-NULL, ignore potential conflicts with oldrefname (e.g.,
- * because oldrefname is scheduled for deletion in the same
- * operation).
- */
-static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
-				struct ref_array *array)
-{
-	int i, namlen = strlen(refname); /* e.g. 'foo/bar' */
-	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++ ) {
-		struct ref_entry *entry = array->refs[i];
-		/* entry->name could be 'foo' or 'foo/bar/baz' */
-		if (!oldrefname || strcmp(oldrefname, entry->name)) {
-			int len = strlen(entry->name);
-			int cmplen = (namlen < len) ? namlen : len;
-			const char *lead = (namlen < len) ? entry->name : refname;
-			if (!strncmp(refname, entry->name, cmplen) &&
-			    lead[cmplen] == '/') {
-				error("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
-				      entry->name, refname);
-				return 0;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
 /*
  * *string and *len will only be substituted, and *string returned (for
  * later free()ing) if the string passed in is a magic short-hand form
@@ -1105,7 +377,7 @@ static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
 static char *substitute_branch_name(const char **string, int *len)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, &buf);
+	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, *len, &buf);
 
 	if (ret == *len) {
 		size_t size;
@@ -1132,7 +404,8 @@ int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref)
 
 		this_result = refs_found ? sha1_from_ref : sha1;
 		mksnpath(fullref, sizeof(fullref), *p, len, str);
-		r = resolve_ref_unsafe(fullref, this_result, 1, &flag);
+		r = resolve_ref_unsafe(fullref, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+				       this_result, &flag);
 		if (r) {
 			if (!refs_found++)
 				*ref = xstrdup(r);
@@ -1156,21 +429,18 @@ int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **log)
 
 	*log = NULL;
 	for (p = ref_rev_parse_rules; *p; p++) {
-		struct stat st;
 		unsigned char hash[20];
 		char path[PATH_MAX];
 		const char *ref, *it;
 
 		mksnpath(path, sizeof(path), *p, len, str);
-		ref = resolve_ref_unsafe(path, hash, 1, NULL);
+		ref = resolve_ref_unsafe(path, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					 hash, NULL);
 		if (!ref)
 			continue;
-		if (!stat(git_path("logs/%s", path), &st) &&
-		    S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		if (reflog_exists(path))
 			it = path;
-		else if (strcmp(ref, path) &&
-			 !stat(git_path("logs/%s", ref), &st) &&
-			 S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		else if (strcmp(ref, path) && reflog_exists(ref))
 			it = ref;
 		else
 			continue;
@@ -1185,329 +455,134 @@ int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **log)
 	return logs_found;
 }
 
-static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
-					    const unsigned char *old_sha1,
-					    int flags, int *type_p)
+static int is_per_worktree_ref(const char *refname)
 {
-	char *ref_file;
-	const char *orig_refname = refname;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	int last_errno = 0;
-	int type, lflags;
-	int mustexist = (old_sha1 && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1));
-	int missing = 0;
-
-	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_lock));
-	lock->lock_fd = -1;
-
-	refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, &type);
-	if (!refname && errno == EISDIR) {
-		/* we are trying to lock foo but we used to
-		 * have foo/bar which now does not exist;
-		 * it is normal for the empty directory 'foo'
-		 * to remain.
-		 */
-		ref_file = git_path("%s", orig_refname);
-		if (remove_empty_directories(ref_file)) {
-			last_errno = errno;
-			error("there are still refs under '%s'", orig_refname);
-			goto error_return;
-		}
-		refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(orig_refname, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, &type);
-	}
-	if (type_p)
-	    *type_p = type;
-	if (!refname) {
-		last_errno = errno;
-		error("unable to resolve reference %s: %s",
-			orig_refname, strerror(errno));
-		goto error_return;
-	}
-	missing = is_null_sha1(lock->old_sha1);
-	/* When the ref did not exist and we are creating it,
-	 * make sure there is no existing ref that is packed
-	 * whose name begins with our refname, nor a ref whose
-	 * name is a proper prefix of our refname.
-	 */
-	if (missing &&
-	     !is_refname_available(refname, NULL, get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)))) {
-		last_errno = ENOTDIR;
-		goto error_return;
-	}
+	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") ||
+		starts_with(refname, "refs/bisect/");
+}
 
-	lock->lk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+static int is_pseudoref_syntax(const char *refname)
+{
+	const char *c;
 
-	lflags = LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR;
-	if (flags & REF_NODEREF) {
-		refname = orig_refname;
-		lflags |= LOCK_NODEREF;
-	}
-	lock->ref_name = xstrdup(refname);
-	lock->orig_ref_name = xstrdup(orig_refname);
-	ref_file = git_path("%s", refname);
-	if (missing)
-		lock->force_write = 1;
-	if ((flags & REF_NODEREF) && (type & REF_ISSYMREF))
-		lock->force_write = 1;
-
-	if (safe_create_leading_directories(ref_file)) {
-		last_errno = errno;
-		error("unable to create directory for %s", ref_file);
-		goto error_return;
+	for (c = refname; *c; c++) {
+		if (!isupper(*c) && *c != '-' && *c != '_')
+			return 0;
 	}
 
-	lock->lock_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock->lk, ref_file, lflags);
-	return old_sha1 ? verify_lock(lock, old_sha1, mustexist) : lock;
-
- error_return:
-	unlock_ref(lock);
-	errno = last_errno;
-	return NULL;
+	return 1;
 }
 
-struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
+enum ref_type ref_type(const char *refname)
 {
-	char refpath[PATH_MAX];
-	if (check_refname_format(refname, 0))
-		return NULL;
-	strcpy(refpath, mkpath("refs/%s", refname));
-	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refpath, old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+	if (is_per_worktree_ref(refname))
+		return REF_TYPE_PER_WORKTREE;
+	if (is_pseudoref_syntax(refname))
+		return REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF;
+       return REF_TYPE_NORMAL;
 }
 
-struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
-					 const unsigned char *old_sha1, int flags)
+static int write_pseudoref(const char *pseudoref, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1, struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
-		return NULL;
-	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, old_sha1, flags, NULL);
-}
-
-static struct lock_file packlock;
+	const char *filename;
+	int fd;
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = -1;
 
-static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
-{
-	struct ref_array *packed;
-	int fd, i;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-	packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	if (search_ref_array(packed, refname) == NULL)
-		return 0;
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), 0);
+	filename = git_path("%s", pseudoref);
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, filename, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 	if (fd < 0) {
-		unable_to_lock_error(git_path("packed-refs"), errno);
-		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refname);
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < packed->nr; i++) {
-		char line[PATH_MAX + 100];
-		int len;
-		struct ref_entry *ref = packed->refs[i];
-
-		if (!strcmp(refname, ref->name))
-			continue;
-		len = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "%s %s\n",
-			       sha1_to_hex(ref->sha1), ref->name);
-		/* this should not happen but just being defensive */
-		if (len > sizeof(line))
-			die("too long a refname '%s'", ref->name);
-		write_or_die(fd, line, len);
+		strbuf_addf(err, "Could not open '%s' for writing: %s",
+			    filename, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
 	}
-	return commit_lock_file(&packlock);
-}
 
-int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
-{
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	int err, i = 0, ret = 0, flag = 0;
+	if (old_sha1) {
+		unsigned char actual_old_sha1[20];
 
-	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, 0, &flag);
-	if (!lock)
-		return 1;
-	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
-		/* loose */
-		const char *path;
-
-		if (!(delopt & REF_NODEREF)) {
-			i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
-			lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
-			path = lock->lk->filename;
-		} else {
-			path = git_path("%s", refname);
+		if (read_ref(pseudoref, actual_old_sha1))
+			die("could not read ref '%s'", pseudoref);
+		if (hashcmp(actual_old_sha1, old_sha1)) {
+			strbuf_addf(err, "Unexpected sha1 when writing %s", pseudoref);
+			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+			goto done;
 		}
-		err = unlink_or_warn(path);
-		if (err && errno != ENOENT)
-			ret = 1;
+	}
 
-		if (!(delopt & REF_NODEREF))
-			lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, "Could not write to '%s'", filename);
+		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+		goto done;
 	}
-	/* removing the loose one could have resurrected an earlier
-	 * packed one.  Also, if it was not loose we need to repack
-	 * without it.
-	 */
-	ret |= repack_without_ref(refname);
 
-	unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name));
-	invalidate_ref_cache(NULL);
-	unlock_ref(lock);
+	commit_lock_file(&lock);
+	ret = 0;
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * People using contrib's git-new-workdir have .git/logs/refs ->
- * /some/other/path/.git/logs/refs, and that may live on another device.
- *
- * IOW, to avoid cross device rename errors, the temporary renamed log must
- * live into logs/refs.
- */
-#define TMP_RENAMED_LOG  "logs/refs/.tmp-renamed-log"
-
-int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logmsg)
+static int delete_pseudoref(const char *pseudoref, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20], orig_sha1[20];
-	int flag = 0, logmoved = 0;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	struct stat loginfo;
-	int log = !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), &loginfo);
-	const char *symref = NULL;
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(NULL);
-
-	if (log && S_ISLNK(loginfo.st_mode))
-		return error("reflog for %s is a symlink", oldrefname);
-
-	symref = resolve_ref_unsafe(oldrefname, orig_sha1, 1, &flag);
-	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
-		return error("refname %s is a symbolic ref, renaming it is not supported",
-			oldrefname);
-	if (!symref)
-		return error("refname %s not found", oldrefname);
-
-	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_packed_refs(refs)))
-		return 1;
-
-	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_loose_refs(refs)))
-		return 1;
-
-	if (log && rename(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG)))
-		return error("unable to move logfile logs/%s to "TMP_RENAMED_LOG": %s",
-			oldrefname, strerror(errno));
-
-	if (delete_ref(oldrefname, orig_sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
-		error("unable to delete old %s", oldrefname);
-		goto rollback;
-	}
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	const char *filename;
 
-	if (!read_ref_full(newrefname, sha1, 1, &flag) &&
-	    delete_ref(newrefname, sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
-		if (errno==EISDIR) {
-			if (remove_empty_directories(git_path("%s", newrefname))) {
-				error("Directory not empty: %s", newrefname);
-				goto rollback;
-			}
-		} else {
-			error("unable to delete existing %s", newrefname);
-			goto rollback;
-		}
-	}
+	filename = git_path("%s", pseudoref);
 
-	if (log && safe_create_leading_directories(git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
-		error("unable to create directory for %s", newrefname);
-		goto rollback;
-	}
+	if (old_sha1 && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1)) {
+		int fd;
+		unsigned char actual_old_sha1[20];
 
- retry:
-	if (log && rename(git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG), git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
-		if (errno==EISDIR || errno==ENOTDIR) {
-			/*
-			 * rename(a, b) when b is an existing
-			 * directory ought to result in ISDIR, but
-			 * Solaris 5.8 gives ENOTDIR.  Sheesh.
-			 */
-			if (remove_empty_directories(git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
-				error("Directory not empty: logs/%s", newrefname);
-				goto rollback;
-			}
-			goto retry;
-		} else {
-			error("unable to move logfile "TMP_RENAMED_LOG" to logs/%s: %s",
-				newrefname, strerror(errno));
-			goto rollback;
+		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, filename,
+					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
+		if (read_ref(pseudoref, actual_old_sha1))
+			die("could not read ref '%s'", pseudoref);
+		if (hashcmp(actual_old_sha1, old_sha1)) {
+			warning("Unexpected sha1 when deleting %s", pseudoref);
+			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+			return -1;
 		}
-	}
-	logmoved = log;
 
-	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(newrefname, NULL, 0, NULL);
-	if (!lock) {
-		error("unable to lock %s for update", newrefname);
-		goto rollback;
-	}
-	lock->force_write = 1;
-	hashcpy(lock->old_sha1, orig_sha1);
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, orig_sha1, logmsg)) {
-		error("unable to write current sha1 into %s", newrefname);
-		goto rollback;
+		unlink(filename);
+		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+	} else {
+		unlink(filename);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
-
- rollback:
-	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(oldrefname, NULL, 0, NULL);
-	if (!lock) {
-		error("unable to lock %s for rollback", oldrefname);
-		goto rollbacklog;
-	}
-
-	lock->force_write = 1;
-	flag = log_all_ref_updates;
-	log_all_ref_updates = 0;
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, orig_sha1, NULL))
-		error("unable to write current sha1 into %s", oldrefname);
-	log_all_ref_updates = flag;
-
- rollbacklog:
-	if (logmoved && rename(git_path("logs/%s", newrefname), git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname)))
-		error("unable to restore logfile %s from %s: %s",
-			oldrefname, newrefname, strerror(errno));
-	if (!logmoved && log &&
-	    rename(git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG), git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname)))
-		error("unable to restore logfile %s from "TMP_RENAMED_LOG": %s",
-			oldrefname, strerror(errno));
-
-	return 1;
 }
 
-int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+	       unsigned int flags)
 {
-	if (close_lock_file(lock->lk))
-		return -1;
-	lock->lock_fd = -1;
-	return 0;
-}
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
-{
-	if (commit_lock_file(lock->lk))
-		return -1;
-	lock->lock_fd = -1;
-	return 0;
-}
+	if (ref_type(refname) == REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF)
+		return delete_pseudoref(refname, old_sha1);
 
-void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
-{
-	/* Do not free lock->lk -- atexit() still looks at them */
-	if (lock->lk)
-		rollback_lock_file(lock->lk);
-	free(lock->ref_name);
-	free(lock->orig_ref_name);
-	free(lock);
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_delete(transaction, refname, old_sha1,
+				   flags, NULL, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * copy the reflog message msg to buf, which has been allocated sufficiently
- * large, while cleaning up the whitespaces.  Especially, convert LF to space,
- * because reflog file is one line per entry.
- */
-static int copy_msg(char *buf, const char *msg)
+int copy_reflog_msg(char *buf, const char *msg)
 {
 	char *cp = buf;
 	char c;
@@ -1528,513 +603,285 @@ static int copy_msg(char *buf, const char *msg)
 	return cp - buf;
 }
 
-int log_ref_setup(const char *refname, char *logfile, int bufsize)
-{
-	int logfd, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
-
-	git_snpath(logfile, bufsize, "logs/%s", refname);
-	if (log_all_ref_updates &&
-	    (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/") ||
-	     !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/") ||
-	     !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/notes/") ||
-	     !strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))) {
-		if (safe_create_leading_directories(logfile) < 0)
-			return error("unable to create directory for %s",
-				     logfile);
-		oflags |= O_CREAT;
-	}
-
-	logfd = open(logfile, oflags, 0666);
-	if (logfd < 0) {
-		if (!(oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == ENOENT)
-			return 0;
-
-		if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EISDIR) {
-			if (remove_empty_directories(logfile)) {
-				return error("There are still logs under '%s'",
-					     logfile);
-			}
-			logfd = open(logfile, oflags, 0666);
-		}
-
-		if (logfd < 0)
-			return error("Unable to append to %s: %s",
-				     logfile, strerror(errno));
-	}
-
-	adjust_shared_perm(logfile);
-	close(logfd);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int log_ref_write(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
-			 const unsigned char *new_sha1, const char *msg)
+int should_autocreate_reflog(const char *refname)
 {
-	int logfd, result, written, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
-	unsigned maxlen, len;
-	int msglen;
-	char log_file[PATH_MAX];
-	char *logrec;
-	const char *committer;
-
-	if (log_all_ref_updates < 0)
-		log_all_ref_updates = !is_bare_repository();
-
-	result = log_ref_setup(refname, log_file, sizeof(log_file));
-	if (result)
-		return result;
-
-	logfd = open(log_file, oflags);
-	if (logfd < 0)
+	if (!log_all_ref_updates)
 		return 0;
-	msglen = msg ? strlen(msg) : 0;
-	committer = git_committer_info(0);
-	maxlen = strlen(committer) + msglen + 100;
-	logrec = xmalloc(maxlen);
-	len = sprintf(logrec, "%s %s %s\n",
-		      sha1_to_hex(old_sha1),
-		      sha1_to_hex(new_sha1),
-		      committer);
-	if (msglen)
-		len += copy_msg(logrec + len - 1, msg) - 1;
-	written = len <= maxlen ? write_in_full(logfd, logrec, len) : -1;
-	free(logrec);
-	if (close(logfd) != 0 || written != len)
-		return error("Unable to append to %s", log_file);
-	return 0;
+	return starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/") ||
+		starts_with(refname, "refs/remotes/") ||
+		starts_with(refname, "refs/notes/") ||
+		!strcmp(refname, "HEAD");
 }
 
-static int is_branch(const char *refname)
+int is_branch(const char *refname)
 {
-	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") || !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
+	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") || starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/");
 }
 
-int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
-	const unsigned char *sha1, const char *logmsg)
-{
-	static char term = '\n';
-	struct object *o;
+struct read_ref_at_cb {
+	const char *refname;
+	unsigned long at_time;
+	int cnt;
+	int reccnt;
+	unsigned char *sha1;
+	int found_it;
+
+	unsigned char osha1[20];
+	unsigned char nsha1[20];
+	int tz;
+	unsigned long date;
+	char **msg;
+	unsigned long *cutoff_time;
+	int *cutoff_tz;
+	int *cutoff_cnt;
+};
 
-	if (!lock)
-		return -1;
-	if (!lock->force_write && !hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, sha1)) {
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	o = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!o) {
-		error("Trying to write ref %s with nonexistent object %s",
-			lock->ref_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT && is_branch(lock->ref_name)) {
-		error("Trying to write non-commit object %s to branch %s",
-			sha1_to_hex(sha1), lock->ref_name);
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (write_in_full(lock->lock_fd, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40) != 40 ||
-	    write_in_full(lock->lock_fd, &term, 1) != 1
-		|| close_ref(lock) < 0) {
-		error("Couldn't write %s", lock->lk->filename);
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	clear_loose_ref_cache(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	if (log_ref_write(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0 ||
-	    (strcmp(lock->ref_name, lock->orig_ref_name) &&
-	     log_ref_write(lock->orig_ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0)) {
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (strcmp(lock->orig_ref_name, "HEAD") != 0) {
+static int read_ref_at_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct read_ref_at_cb *cb = cb_data;
+
+	cb->reccnt++;
+	cb->tz = tz;
+	cb->date = timestamp;
+
+	if (timestamp <= cb->at_time || cb->cnt == 0) {
+		if (cb->msg)
+			*cb->msg = xstrdup(message);
+		if (cb->cutoff_time)
+			*cb->cutoff_time = timestamp;
+		if (cb->cutoff_tz)
+			*cb->cutoff_tz = tz;
+		if (cb->cutoff_cnt)
+			*cb->cutoff_cnt = cb->reccnt - 1;
 		/*
-		 * Special hack: If a branch is updated directly and HEAD
-		 * points to it (may happen on the remote side of a push
-		 * for example) then logically the HEAD reflog should be
-		 * updated too.
-		 * A generic solution implies reverse symref information,
-		 * but finding all symrefs pointing to the given branch
-		 * would be rather costly for this rare event (the direct
-		 * update of a branch) to be worth it.  So let's cheat and
-		 * check with HEAD only which should cover 99% of all usage
-		 * scenarios (even 100% of the default ones).
+		 * we have not yet updated cb->[n|o]sha1 so they still
+		 * hold the values for the previous record.
 		 */
-		unsigned char head_sha1[20];
-		int head_flag;
-		const char *head_ref;
-		head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, &head_flag);
-		if (head_ref && (head_flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
-		    !strcmp(head_ref, lock->ref_name))
-			log_ref_write("HEAD", lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg);
-	}
-	if (commit_ref(lock)) {
-		error("Couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	unlock_ref(lock);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int create_symref(const char *ref_target, const char *refs_heads_master,
-		  const char *logmsg)
-{
-	const char *lockpath;
-	char ref[1000];
-	int fd, len, written;
-	char *git_HEAD = git_pathdup("%s", ref_target);
-	unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
-
-	if (logmsg && read_ref(ref_target, old_sha1))
-		hashclr(old_sha1);
-
-	if (safe_create_leading_directories(git_HEAD) < 0)
-		return error("unable to create directory for %s", git_HEAD);
-
-#ifndef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
-	if (prefer_symlink_refs) {
-		unlink(git_HEAD);
-		if (!symlink(refs_heads_master, git_HEAD))
-			goto done;
-		fprintf(stderr, "no symlink - falling back to symbolic ref\n");
-	}
-#endif
-
-	len = snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "ref: %s\n", refs_heads_master);
-	if (sizeof(ref) <= len) {
-		error("refname too long: %s", refs_heads_master);
-		goto error_free_return;
-	}
-	lockpath = mkpath("%s.lock", git_HEAD);
-	fd = open(lockpath, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		error("Unable to open %s for writing", lockpath);
-		goto error_free_return;
-	}
-	written = write_in_full(fd, ref, len);
-	if (close(fd) != 0 || written != len) {
-		error("Unable to write to %s", lockpath);
-		goto error_unlink_return;
-	}
-	if (rename(lockpath, git_HEAD) < 0) {
-		error("Unable to create %s", git_HEAD);
-		goto error_unlink_return;
-	}
-	if (adjust_shared_perm(git_HEAD)) {
-		error("Unable to fix permissions on %s", lockpath);
-	error_unlink_return:
-		unlink_or_warn(lockpath);
-	error_free_return:
-		free(git_HEAD);
-		return -1;
+		if (!is_null_sha1(cb->osha1)) {
+			hashcpy(cb->sha1, nsha1);
+			if (hashcmp(cb->osha1, nsha1))
+				warning("Log for ref %s has gap after %s.",
+					cb->refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
+		}
+		else if (cb->date == cb->at_time)
+			hashcpy(cb->sha1, nsha1);
+		else if (hashcmp(nsha1, cb->sha1))
+			warning("Log for ref %s unexpectedly ended on %s.",
+				cb->refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz,
+						       DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
+		hashcpy(cb->osha1, osha1);
+		hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+		cb->found_it = 1;
+		return 1;
 	}
-
-#ifndef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
-	done:
-#endif
-	if (logmsg && !read_ref(refs_heads_master, new_sha1))
-		log_ref_write(ref_target, old_sha1, new_sha1, logmsg);
-
-	free(git_HEAD);
+	hashcpy(cb->osha1, osha1);
+	hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+	if (cb->cnt > 0)
+		cb->cnt--;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static char *ref_msg(const char *line, const char *endp)
-{
-	const char *ep;
-	line += 82;
-	ep = memchr(line, '\n', endp - line);
-	if (!ep)
-		ep = endp;
-	return xmemdupz(line, ep - line);
+static int read_ref_at_ent_oldest(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+				  const char *email, unsigned long timestamp,
+				  int tz, const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct read_ref_at_cb *cb = cb_data;
+
+	if (cb->msg)
+		*cb->msg = xstrdup(message);
+	if (cb->cutoff_time)
+		*cb->cutoff_time = timestamp;
+	if (cb->cutoff_tz)
+		*cb->cutoff_tz = tz;
+	if (cb->cutoff_cnt)
+		*cb->cutoff_cnt = cb->reccnt;
+	hashcpy(cb->sha1, osha1);
+	if (is_null_sha1(cb->sha1))
+		hashcpy(cb->sha1, nsha1);
+	/* We just want the first entry */
+	return 1;
 }
 
-int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
+int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned int flags, unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
 		unsigned char *sha1, char **msg,
 		unsigned long *cutoff_time, int *cutoff_tz, int *cutoff_cnt)
 {
-	const char *logfile, *logdata, *logend, *rec, *lastgt, *lastrec;
-	char *tz_c;
-	int logfd, tz, reccnt = 0;
-	struct stat st;
-	unsigned long date;
-	unsigned char logged_sha1[20];
-	void *log_mapped;
-	size_t mapsz;
-
-	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", refname);
-	logfd = open(logfile, O_RDONLY, 0);
-	if (logfd < 0)
-		die_errno("Unable to read log '%s'", logfile);
-	fstat(logfd, &st);
-	if (!st.st_size)
-		die("Log %s is empty.", logfile);
-	mapsz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
-	log_mapped = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, logfd, 0);
-	logdata = log_mapped;
-	close(logfd);
-
-	lastrec = NULL;
-	rec = logend = logdata + st.st_size;
-	while (logdata < rec) {
-		reccnt++;
-		if (logdata < rec && *(rec-1) == '\n')
-			rec--;
-		lastgt = NULL;
-		while (logdata < rec && *(rec-1) != '\n') {
-			rec--;
-			if (*rec == '>')
-				lastgt = rec;
-		}
-		if (!lastgt)
-			die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-		date = strtoul(lastgt + 1, &tz_c, 10);
-		if (date <= at_time || cnt == 0) {
-			tz = strtoul(tz_c, NULL, 10);
-			if (msg)
-				*msg = ref_msg(rec, logend);
-			if (cutoff_time)
-				*cutoff_time = date;
-			if (cutoff_tz)
-				*cutoff_tz = tz;
-			if (cutoff_cnt)
-				*cutoff_cnt = reccnt - 1;
-			if (lastrec) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(lastrec, logged_sha1))
-					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, sha1))
-					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-				if (hashcmp(logged_sha1, sha1)) {
-					warning("Log %s has gap after %s.",
-						logfile, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
-				}
-			}
-			else if (date == at_time) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, sha1))
-					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-			}
-			else {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, logged_sha1))
-					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-				if (hashcmp(logged_sha1, sha1)) {
-					warning("Log %s unexpectedly ended on %s.",
-						logfile, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
-				}
-			}
-			munmap(log_mapped, mapsz);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		lastrec = rec;
-		if (cnt > 0)
-			cnt--;
-	}
+	struct read_ref_at_cb cb;
+
+	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+	cb.refname = refname;
+	cb.at_time = at_time;
+	cb.cnt = cnt;
+	cb.msg = msg;
+	cb.cutoff_time = cutoff_time;
+	cb.cutoff_tz = cutoff_tz;
+	cb.cutoff_cnt = cutoff_cnt;
+	cb.sha1 = sha1;
 
-	rec = logdata;
-	while (rec < logend && *rec != '>' && *rec != '\n')
-		rec++;
-	if (rec == logend || *rec == '\n')
-		die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-	date = strtoul(rec + 1, &tz_c, 10);
-	tz = strtoul(tz_c, NULL, 10);
-	if (get_sha1_hex(logdata, sha1))
-		die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-	if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
-		if (get_sha1_hex(logdata + 41, sha1))
-			die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+	for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(refname, read_ref_at_ent, &cb);
+
+	if (!cb.reccnt) {
+		if (flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY)
+			exit(128);
+		else
+			die("Log for %s is empty.", refname);
 	}
-	if (msg)
-		*msg = ref_msg(logdata, logend);
-	munmap(log_mapped, mapsz);
-
-	if (cutoff_time)
-		*cutoff_time = date;
-	if (cutoff_tz)
-		*cutoff_tz = tz;
-	if (cutoff_cnt)
-		*cutoff_cnt = reccnt;
+	if (cb.found_it)
+		return 0;
+
+	for_each_reflog_ent(refname, read_ref_at_ent_oldest, &cb);
+
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long ofs, void *cb_data)
+struct ref_transaction *ref_transaction_begin(struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	const char *logfile;
-	FILE *logfp;
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = 0;
+	assert(err);
 
-	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", refname);
-	logfp = fopen(logfile, "r");
-	if (!logfp)
-		return -1;
+	return xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_transaction));
+}
 
-	if (ofs) {
-		struct stat statbuf;
-		if (fstat(fileno(logfp), &statbuf) ||
-		    statbuf.st_size < ofs ||
-		    fseek(logfp, -ofs, SEEK_END) ||
-		    strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-			fclose(logfp);
-			strbuf_release(&sb);
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
+void ref_transaction_free(struct ref_transaction *transaction)
+{
+	int i;
 
-	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-		unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
-		char *email_end, *message;
-		unsigned long timestamp;
-		int tz;
-
-		/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
-		if (sb.len < 83 || sb.buf[sb.len - 1] != '\n' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, osha1) || sb.buf[40] != ' ' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf + 41, nsha1) || sb.buf[81] != ' ' ||
-		    !(email_end = strchr(sb.buf + 82, '>')) ||
-		    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
-		    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
-		    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
-		    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
-		    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
-		    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
-			continue; /* corrupt? */
-		email_end[1] = '\0';
-		tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
-		if (message[6] != '\t')
-			message += 6;
-		else
-			message += 7;
-		ret = fn(osha1, nsha1, sb.buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message,
-			 cb_data);
-		if (ret)
-			break;
+	if (!transaction)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < transaction->nr; i++) {
+		free(transaction->updates[i]->msg);
+		free(transaction->updates[i]);
 	}
-	fclose(logfp);
-	strbuf_release(&sb);
-	return ret;
+	free(transaction->updates);
+	free(transaction);
 }
 
-int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+static struct ref_update *add_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				     const char *refname)
 {
-	return for_each_recent_reflog_ent(refname, fn, 0, cb_data);
+	struct ref_update *update;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(update, refname, refname);
+	ALLOC_GROW(transaction->updates, transaction->nr + 1, transaction->alloc);
+	transaction->updates[transaction->nr++] = update;
+	return update;
 }
 
-static int do_for_each_reflog(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+int ref_transaction_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("logs/%s", base));
-	int retval = 0;
+	struct ref_update *update;
 
-	if (dir) {
-		struct dirent *de;
-		int baselen = strlen(base);
-		char *log = xmalloc(baselen + 257);
+	assert(err);
 
-		memcpy(log, base, baselen);
-		if (baselen && base[baselen-1] != '/')
-			log[baselen++] = '/';
+	if (transaction->state != REF_TRANSACTION_OPEN)
+		die("BUG: update called for transaction that is not open");
 
-		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-			struct stat st;
-			int namelen;
-
-			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
-				continue;
-			namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
-			if (namelen > 255)
-				continue;
-			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
-				continue;
-			memcpy(log + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
-			if (stat(git_path("logs/%s", log), &st) < 0)
-				continue;
-			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-				retval = do_for_each_reflog(log, fn, cb_data);
-			} else {
-				unsigned char sha1[20];
-				if (read_ref_full(log, sha1, 0, NULL))
-					retval = error("bad ref for %s", log);
-				else
-					retval = fn(log, sha1, 0, cb_data);
-			}
-			if (retval)
-				break;
-		}
-		free(log);
-		closedir(dir);
+	if (new_sha1 && !is_null_sha1(new_sha1) &&
+	    check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, "refusing to update ref with bad name %s",
+			    refname);
+		return -1;
 	}
-	else if (*base)
-		return errno;
-	return retval;
-}
 
-int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
-{
-	return do_for_each_reflog("", fn, cb_data);
-}
-
-int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
-		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
-{
-	static struct ref_lock *lock;
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval, flags);
-	if (!lock) {
-		const char *str = "Cannot lock the ref '%s'.";
-		switch (onerr) {
-		case MSG_ON_ERR: error(str, refname); break;
-		case DIE_ON_ERR: die(str, refname); break;
-		case QUIET_ON_ERR: break;
-		}
-		return 1;
+	update = add_update(transaction, refname);
+	if (new_sha1) {
+		hashcpy(update->new_sha1, new_sha1);
+		flags |= REF_HAVE_NEW;
 	}
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, action) < 0) {
-		const char *str = "Cannot update the ref '%s'.";
-		switch (onerr) {
-		case MSG_ON_ERR: error(str, refname); break;
-		case DIE_ON_ERR: die(str, refname); break;
-		case QUIET_ON_ERR: break;
-		}
-		return 1;
+	if (old_sha1) {
+		hashcpy(update->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+		flags |= REF_HAVE_OLD;
 	}
+	update->flags = flags;
+	if (msg)
+		update->msg = xstrdup(msg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int ref_exists(const char *refname)
+int ref_transaction_create(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	return !!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, sha1, 1, NULL);
+	if (!new_sha1 || is_null_sha1(new_sha1))
+		die("BUG: create called without valid new_sha1");
+	return ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname, new_sha1,
+				      null_sha1, flags, msg, err);
 }
 
-struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+int ref_transaction_delete(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
-		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
-			return (struct ref *)list;
-	return NULL;
+	if (old_sha1 && is_null_sha1(old_sha1))
+		die("BUG: delete called with old_sha1 set to zeros");
+	return ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname,
+				      null_sha1, old_sha1,
+				      flags, msg, err);
 }
 
-/*
- * generate a format suitable for scanf from a ref_rev_parse_rules
- * rule, that is replace the "%.*s" spec with a "%s" spec
- */
-static void gen_scanf_fmt(char *scanf_fmt, const char *rule)
+int ref_transaction_verify(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	char *spec;
+	if (!old_sha1)
+		die("BUG: verify called with old_sha1 set to NULL");
+	return ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname,
+				      NULL, old_sha1,
+				      flags, NULL, err);
+}
 
-	spec = strstr(rule, "%.*s");
-	if (!spec || strstr(spec + 4, "%.*s"))
-		die("invalid rule in ref_rev_parse_rules: %s", rule);
+int update_ref(const char *msg, const char *refname,
+	       const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+	       unsigned int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
+	struct ref_transaction *t = NULL;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	/* copy all until spec */
-	strncpy(scanf_fmt, rule, spec - rule);
-	scanf_fmt[spec - rule] = '\0';
-	/* copy new spec */
-	strcat(scanf_fmt, "%s");
-	/* copy remaining rule */
-	strcat(scanf_fmt, spec + 4);
+	if (ref_type(refname) == REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF) {
+		ret = write_pseudoref(refname, new_sha1, old_sha1, &err);
+	} else {
+		t = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!t ||
+		    ref_transaction_update(t, refname, new_sha1, old_sha1,
+					   flags, msg, &err) ||
+		    ref_transaction_commit(t, &err)) {
+			ret = 1;
+			ref_transaction_free(t);
+		}
+	}
+	if (ret) {
+		const char *str = "update_ref failed for ref '%s': %s";
 
-	return;
+		switch (onerr) {
+		case UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR:
+			error(str, refname, err.buf);
+			break;
+		case UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR:
+			die(str, refname, err.buf);
+			break;
+		case UPDATE_REFS_QUIET_ON_ERR:
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	if (t)
+		ref_transaction_free(t);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *refname, int strict)
@@ -2044,23 +891,29 @@ char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *refname, int strict)
 	static int nr_rules;
 	char *short_name;
 
-	/* pre generate scanf formats from ref_rev_parse_rules[] */
 	if (!nr_rules) {
+		/*
+		 * Pre-generate scanf formats from ref_rev_parse_rules[].
+		 * Generate a format suitable for scanf from a
+		 * ref_rev_parse_rules rule by interpolating "%s" at the
+		 * location of the "%.*s".
+		 */
 		size_t total_len = 0;
+		size_t offset = 0;
 
 		/* the rule list is NULL terminated, count them first */
-		for (; ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]; nr_rules++)
-			/* no +1 because strlen("%s") < strlen("%.*s") */
-			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]);
+		for (nr_rules = 0; ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]; nr_rules++)
+			/* -2 for strlen("%.*s") - strlen("%s"); +1 for NUL */
+			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]) - 2 + 1;
 
-		scanf_fmts = xmalloc(nr_rules * sizeof(char *) + total_len);
+		scanf_fmts = xmalloc(st_add(st_mult(nr_rules, sizeof(char *)), total_len));
 
-		total_len = 0;
+		offset = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < nr_rules; i++) {
-			scanf_fmts[i] = (char *)&scanf_fmts[nr_rules]
-					+ total_len;
-			gen_scanf_fmt(scanf_fmts[i], ref_rev_parse_rules[i]);
-			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[i]);
+			assert(offset < total_len);
+			scanf_fmts[i] = (char *)&scanf_fmts[nr_rules] + offset;
+			offset += snprintf(scanf_fmts[i], total_len - offset,
+					   ref_rev_parse_rules[i], 2, "%s") + 1;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2123,3 +976,256 @@ char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *refname, int strict)
 	free(short_name);
 	return xstrdup(refname);
 }
+
+static struct string_list *hide_refs;
+
+int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *section)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("transfer.hiderefs", var) ||
+	    /* NEEDSWORK: use parse_config_key() once both are merged */
+	    (starts_with(var, section) && var[strlen(section)] == '.' &&
+	     !strcmp(var + strlen(section), ".hiderefs"))) {
+		char *ref;
+		int len;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		ref = xstrdup(value);
+		len = strlen(ref);
+		while (len && ref[len - 1] == '/')
+			ref[--len] = '\0';
+		if (!hide_refs) {
+			hide_refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*hide_refs));
+			hide_refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+		}
+		string_list_append(hide_refs, ref);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ref_is_hidden(const char *refname, const char *refname_full)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!hide_refs)
+		return 0;
+	for (i = hide_refs->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const char *match = hide_refs->items[i].string;
+		const char *subject;
+		int neg = 0;
+		int len;
+
+		if (*match == '!') {
+			neg = 1;
+			match++;
+		}
+
+		if (*match == '^') {
+			subject = refname_full;
+			match++;
+		} else {
+			subject = refname;
+		}
+
+		/* refname can be NULL when namespaces are used. */
+		if (!subject || !starts_with(subject, match))
+			continue;
+		len = strlen(match);
+		if (!subject[len] || subject[len] == '/')
+			return !neg;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const char *find_descendant_ref(const char *dirname,
+				const struct string_list *extras,
+				const struct string_list *skip)
+{
+	int pos;
+
+	if (!extras)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Look at the place where dirname would be inserted into
+	 * extras. If there is an entry at that position that starts
+	 * with dirname (remember, dirname includes the trailing
+	 * slash) and is not in skip, then we have a conflict.
+	 */
+	for (pos = string_list_find_insert_index(extras, dirname, 0);
+	     pos < extras->nr; pos++) {
+		const char *extra_refname = extras->items[pos].string;
+
+		if (!starts_with(extra_refname, dirname))
+			break;
+
+		if (!skip || !string_list_has_string(skip, extra_refname))
+			return extra_refname;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int rename_ref_available(const char *oldname, const char *newname)
+{
+	struct string_list skip = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	string_list_insert(&skip, oldname);
+	ret = !verify_refname_available(newname, NULL, &skip, &err);
+	if (!ret)
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+
+	string_list_clear(&skip, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object_id oid;
+	int flag;
+
+	if (submodule) {
+		if (resolve_gitlink_ref(submodule, "HEAD", oid.hash) == 0)
+			return fn("HEAD", &oid, 0, cb_data);
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, oid.hash, &flag))
+		return fn("HEAD", &oid, flag, cb_data);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int head_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return head_ref_submodule(NULL, fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_fullref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data, unsigned int broken)
+{
+	unsigned int flag = 0;
+
+	if (broken)
+		flag = DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN;
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, prefix, fn, 0, flag, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_ref_in_submodule(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
+		each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, git_replace_ref_base, fn,
+			       strlen(git_replace_ref_base), 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_namespaced_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%srefs/", get_git_namespace());
+	ret = do_for_each_ref(NULL, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0,
+			       DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
+}
+
+/* This function needs to return a meaningful errno on failure */
+const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
+			       unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
+{
+	static struct strbuf sb_refname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int unused_flags;
+	int symref_count;
+
+	if (!flags)
+		flags = &unused_flags;
+
+	*flags = 0;
+
+	if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+		if (!(resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME) ||
+		    !refname_is_safe(refname)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * dwim_ref() uses REF_ISBROKEN to distinguish between
+		 * missing refs and refs that were present but invalid,
+		 * to complain about the latter to stderr.
+		 *
+		 * We don't know whether the ref exists, so don't set
+		 * REF_ISBROKEN yet.
+		 */
+		*flags |= REF_BAD_NAME;
+	}
+
+	for (symref_count = 0; symref_count < SYMREF_MAXDEPTH; symref_count++) {
+		unsigned int read_flags = 0;
+
+		if (read_raw_ref(refname, sha1, &sb_refname, &read_flags)) {
+			*flags |= read_flags;
+			if (errno != ENOENT || (resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_READING))
+				return NULL;
+			hashclr(sha1);
+			if (*flags & REF_BAD_NAME)
+				*flags |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+			return refname;
+		}
+
+		*flags |= read_flags;
+
+		if (!(read_flags & REF_ISSYMREF)) {
+			if (*flags & REF_BAD_NAME) {
+				hashclr(sha1);
+				*flags |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+			}
+			return refname;
+		}
+
+		refname = sb_refname.buf;
+		if (resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE) {
+			hashclr(sha1);
+			return refname;
+		}
+		if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+			if (!(resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME) ||
+			    !refname_is_safe(refname)) {
+				errno = EINVAL;
+				return NULL;
+			}
+
+			*flags |= REF_ISBROKEN | REF_BAD_NAME;
+		}
+	}
+
+	errno = ELOOP;
+	return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index d4982915c5..56089d5724 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -1,33 +1,197 @@
 #ifndef REFS_H
 #define REFS_H
 
-struct ref_lock {
-	char *ref_name;
-	char *orig_ref_name;
-	struct lock_file *lk;
-	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-	int lock_fd;
-	int force_write;
-};
+/*
+ * Resolve a reference, recursively following symbolic refererences.
+ *
+ * Store the referred-to object's name in sha1 and return the name of
+ * the non-symbolic reference that ultimately pointed at it.  The
+ * return value, if not NULL, is a pointer into either a static buffer
+ * or the input ref.
+ *
+ * If the reference cannot be resolved to an object, the behavior
+ * depends on the RESOLVE_REF_READING flag:
+ *
+ * - If RESOLVE_REF_READING is set, return NULL.
+ *
+ * - If RESOLVE_REF_READING is not set, clear sha1 and return the name of
+ *   the last reference name in the chain, which will either be a non-symbolic
+ *   reference or an undefined reference.  If this is a prelude to
+ *   "writing" to the ref, the return value is the name of the ref
+ *   that will actually be created or changed.
+ *
+ * If the RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE flag is passed, only resolves one
+ * level of symbolic reference.  The value stored in sha1 for a symbolic
+ * reference will always be null_sha1 in this case, and the return
+ * value is the reference that the symref refers to directly.
+ *
+ * If flags is non-NULL, set the value that it points to the
+ * combination of REF_ISPACKED (if the reference was found among the
+ * packed references), REF_ISSYMREF (if the initial reference was a
+ * symbolic reference), REF_BAD_NAME (if the reference name is ill
+ * formed --- see RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME below), and REF_ISBROKEN
+ * (if the ref is malformed or has a bad name). See refs.h for more detail
+ * on each flag.
+ *
+ * If ref is not a properly-formatted, normalized reference, return
+ * NULL.  If more than MAXDEPTH recursive symbolic lookups are needed,
+ * give up and return NULL.
+ *
+ * RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME allows resolving refs even when their
+ * name is invalid according to git-check-ref-format(1).  If the name
+ * is bad then the value stored in sha1 will be null_sha1 and the two
+ * flags REF_ISBROKEN and REF_BAD_NAME will be set.
+ *
+ * Even with RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME, names that escape the refs/
+ * directory and do not consist of all caps and underscores cannot be
+ * resolved. The function returns NULL for such ref names.
+ * Caps and underscores refers to the special refs, such as HEAD,
+ * FETCH_HEAD and friends, that all live outside of the refs/ directory.
+ */
+#define RESOLVE_REF_READING 0x01
+#define RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE 0x02
+#define RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME 0x04
+
+extern const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
+				      unsigned char *sha1, int *flags);
+
+extern char *resolve_refdup(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
+			    unsigned char *sha1, int *flags);
+
+extern int read_ref_full(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
+			 unsigned char *sha1, int *flags);
+extern int read_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
+
+extern int ref_exists(const char *refname);
+
+extern int is_branch(const char *refname);
+
+/*
+ * If refname is a non-symbolic reference that refers to a tag object,
+ * and the tag can be (recursively) dereferenced to a non-tag object,
+ * store the SHA1 of the referred-to object to sha1 and return 0.  If
+ * any of these conditions are not met, return a non-zero value.
+ * Symbolic references are considered unpeelable, even if they
+ * ultimately resolve to a peelable tag.
+ */
+extern int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/**
+ * Resolve refname in the nested "gitlink" repository that is located
+ * at path.  If the resolution is successful, return 0 and set sha1 to
+ * the name of the object; otherwise, return a non-zero value.
+ */
+extern int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff abbrev_name is a possible abbreviation for
+ * full_name according to the rules defined by ref_rev_parse_rules in
+ * refs.c.
+ */
+extern int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name);
+
+extern int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
+extern int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
+
+/*
+ * A ref_transaction represents a collection of ref updates
+ * that should succeed or fail together.
+ *
+ * Calling sequence
+ * ----------------
+ * - Allocate and initialize a `struct ref_transaction` by calling
+ *   `ref_transaction_begin()`.
+ *
+ * - List intended ref updates by calling functions like
+ *   `ref_transaction_update()` and `ref_transaction_create()`.
+ *
+ * - Call `ref_transaction_commit()` to execute the transaction.
+ *   If this succeeds, the ref updates will have taken place and
+ *   the transaction cannot be rolled back.
+ *
+ * - Instead of `ref_transaction_commit`, use
+ *   `initial_ref_transaction_commit()` if the ref database is known
+ *   to be empty (e.g. during clone).  This is likely to be much
+ *   faster.
+ *
+ * - At any time call `ref_transaction_free()` to discard the
+ *   transaction and free associated resources.  In particular,
+ *   this rolls back the transaction if it has not been
+ *   successfully committed.
+ *
+ * Error handling
+ * --------------
+ *
+ * On error, transaction functions append a message about what
+ * went wrong to the 'err' argument.  The message mentions what
+ * ref was being updated (if any) when the error occurred so it
+ * can be passed to 'die' or 'error' as-is.
+ *
+ * The message is appended to err without first clearing err.
+ * err will not be '\n' terminated.
+ *
+ * Caveats
+ * -------
+ *
+ * Note that no locks are taken, and no refs are read, until
+ * `ref_transaction_commit` is called.  So `ref_transaction_verify`
+ * won't report a verification failure until the commit is attempted.
+ */
+struct ref_transaction;
+
+/*
+ * Bit values set in the flags argument passed to each_ref_fn():
+ */
 
+/* Reference is a symbolic reference. */
 #define REF_ISSYMREF 0x01
+
+/* Reference is a packed reference. */
 #define REF_ISPACKED 0x02
+
+/*
+ * Reference cannot be resolved to an object name: dangling symbolic
+ * reference (directly or indirectly), corrupt reference file,
+ * reference exists but name is bad, or symbolic reference refers to
+ * ill-formatted reference name.
+ */
 #define REF_ISBROKEN 0x04
 
 /*
- * Calls the specified function for each ref file until it returns nonzero,
- * and returns the value
+ * Reference name is not well formed.
+ *
+ * See git-check-ref-format(1) for the definition of well formed ref names.
+ */
+#define REF_BAD_NAME 0x08
+
+/*
+ * The signature for the callback function for the for_each_*()
+ * functions below.  The memory pointed to by the refname and sha1
+ * arguments is only guaranteed to be valid for the duration of a
+ * single callback invocation.
  */
-typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
-extern int head_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
-extern int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
-extern int for_each_ref_in(const char *, each_ref_fn, void *);
-extern int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
-extern int for_each_branch_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
-extern int for_each_remote_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
-extern int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
-extern int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn, const char *pattern, void *);
-extern int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn, const char *pattern, const char* prefix, void *);
+typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname,
+			const struct object_id *oid, int flags, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * The following functions invoke the specified callback function for
+ * each reference indicated.  If the function ever returns a nonzero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value.  Please note that
+ * it is not safe to modify references while an iteration is in
+ * progress, unless the same callback function invocation that
+ * modifies the reference also returns a nonzero value to immediately
+ * stop the iteration.
+ */
+extern int head_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_fullref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data, unsigned int broken);
+extern int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_branch_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_remote_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern, const char *prefix, void *cb_data);
 
 extern int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 extern int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
@@ -40,69 +204,79 @@ extern int for_each_remote_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn,
 extern int head_ref_namespaced(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 extern int for_each_namespaced_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 
+/* can be used to learn about broken ref and symref */
+extern int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+
 static inline const char *has_glob_specials(const char *pattern)
 {
 	return strpbrk(pattern, "?*[");
 }
 
-/* can be used to learn about broken ref and symref */
-extern int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn, void *);
-
 extern void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname);
+extern void warn_dangling_symrefs(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const struct string_list *refnames);
 
 /*
- * Extra refs will be listed by for_each_ref() before any actual refs
- * for the duration of this process or until clear_extra_refs() is
- * called. Only extra refs added before for_each_ref() is called will
- * be listed on a given call of for_each_ref().
+ * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
+ * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
+ * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
  */
-extern void add_extra_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags);
-extern void clear_extra_refs(void);
-extern int ref_exists(const char *);
-
-extern int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
+#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
+#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
 
-/** Locks a "refs/" ref returning the lock on success and NULL on failure. **/
-extern struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1);
+/*
+ * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
+ * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
+ */
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
 
-/** Locks any ref (for 'HEAD' type refs). */
+/*
+ * Flags controlling ref_transaction_update(), ref_transaction_create(), etc.
+ * REF_NODEREF: act on the ref directly, instead of dereferencing
+ *              symbolic references.
+ *
+ * Other flags are reserved for internal use.
+ */
 #define REF_NODEREF	0x01
-extern struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
-						const unsigned char *old_sha1,
-						int flags);
-
-/** Close the file descriptor owned by a lock and return the status */
-extern int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+#define REF_FORCE_CREATE_REFLOG 0x40
 
-/** Close and commit the ref locked by the lock */
-extern int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+/*
+ * Setup reflog before using. Fill in err and return -1 on failure.
+ */
+int safe_create_reflog(const char *refname, int force_create, struct strbuf *err);
 
-/** Release any lock taken but not written. **/
-extern void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+/** Reads log for the value of ref during at_time. **/
+extern int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned int flags,
+		       unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
+		       unsigned char *sha1, char **msg,
+		       unsigned long *cutoff_time, int *cutoff_tz, int *cutoff_cnt);
 
-/** Writes sha1 into the ref specified by the lock. **/
-extern int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *msg);
+/** Check if a particular reflog exists */
+extern int reflog_exists(const char *refname);
 
 /*
- * Invalidate the reference cache for the specified submodule.  Use
- * submodule=NULL to invalidate the cache for the main module.  This
- * function must be called if references are changed via a mechanism
- * other than the refs API.
+ * Delete the specified reference. If old_sha1 is non-NULL, then
+ * verify that the current value of the reference is old_sha1 before
+ * deleting it. If old_sha1 is NULL, delete the reference if it
+ * exists, regardless of its old value. It is an error for old_sha1 to
+ * be NULL_SHA1. flags is passed through to ref_transaction_delete().
  */
-extern void invalidate_ref_cache(const char *submodule);
+extern int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+		      unsigned int flags);
 
-/** Setup reflog before using. **/
-int log_ref_setup(const char *ref_name, char *logfile, int bufsize);
+/*
+ * Delete the specified references. If there are any problems, emit
+ * errors but attempt to keep going (i.e., the deletes are not done in
+ * an all-or-nothing transaction).
+ */
+extern int delete_refs(struct string_list *refnames);
 
-/** Reads log for the value of ref during at_time. **/
-extern int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
-		       unsigned char *sha1, char **msg,
-		       unsigned long *cutoff_time, int *cutoff_tz, int *cutoff_cnt);
+/** Delete a reflog */
+extern int delete_reflog(const char *refname);
 
 /* iterate over reflog entries */
 typedef int each_reflog_ent_fn(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1, const char *, unsigned long, int, const char *, void *);
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long, void *cb_data);
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 
 /*
  * Calls the specified function for each reflog file until it returns nonzero,
@@ -112,38 +286,247 @@ extern int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn, void *);
 
 #define REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL 1
 #define REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN 2
-#define REFNAME_DOT_COMPONENT 4
 
 /*
  * Return 0 iff refname has the correct format for a refname according
  * to the rules described in Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt.
  * If REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL is set in flags, then accept one-level
  * reference names.  If REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN is set in flags, then
- * allow a "*" wildcard character in place of one of the name
- * components.  No leading or repeated slashes are accepted.  If
- * REFNAME_DOT_COMPONENT is set in flags, then allow refname
- * components to start with "." (but not a whole component equal to
- * "." or "..").
+ * allow a single "*" wildcard character in the refspec. No leading or
+ * repeated slashes are accepted.
  */
 extern int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags);
 
 extern const char *prettify_refname(const char *refname);
+
 extern char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *refname, int strict);
 
 /** rename ref, return 0 on success **/
 extern int rename_ref(const char *oldref, const char *newref, const char *logmsg);
 
+extern int create_symref(const char *refname, const char *target, const char *logmsg);
+
+/*
+ * Update HEAD of the specified gitdir.
+ * Similar to create_symref("relative-git-dir/HEAD", target, NULL), but
+ * this can update the main working tree's HEAD regardless of where
+ * $GIT_DIR points to.
+ * Return 0 if successful, non-zero otherwise.
+ * */
+extern int set_worktree_head_symref(const char *gitdir, const char *target);
+
+enum action_on_err {
+	UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR,
+	UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR,
+	UPDATE_REFS_QUIET_ON_ERR
+};
+
+/*
+ * Begin a reference transaction.  The reference transaction must
+ * be freed by calling ref_transaction_free().
+ */
+struct ref_transaction *ref_transaction_begin(struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Reference transaction updates
+ *
+ * The following four functions add a reference check or update to a
+ * ref_transaction.  They have some common similar parameters:
+ *
+ *     transaction -- a pointer to an open ref_transaction, obtained
+ *         from ref_transaction_begin().
+ *
+ *     refname -- the name of the reference to be affected.
+ *
+ *     flags -- flags affecting the update, passed to
+ *         update_ref_lock(). Can be REF_NODEREF, which means that
+ *         symbolic references should not be followed.
+ *
+ *     msg -- a message describing the change (for the reflog).
+ *
+ *     err -- a strbuf for receiving a description of any error that
+ *         might have occurred.
+ *
+ * The functions make internal copies of refname and msg, so the
+ * caller retains ownership of these parameters.
+ *
+ * The functions return 0 on success and non-zero on failure. A
+ * failure means that the transaction as a whole has failed and needs
+ * to be rolled back.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference update to transaction. new_sha1 is the value that
+ * the reference should have after the update, or null_sha1 if it
+ * should be deleted. If new_sha1 is NULL, then the reference is not
+ * changed at all. old_sha1 is the value that the reference must have
+ * before the update, or null_sha1 if it must not have existed
+ * beforehand. The old value is checked after the lock is taken to
+ * prevent races. If the old value doesn't agree with old_sha1, the
+ * whole transaction fails. If old_sha1 is NULL, then the previous
+ * value is not checked.
+ *
+ * See the above comment "Reference transaction updates" for more
+ * information.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference creation to transaction. new_sha1 is the value that
+ * the reference should have after the update; it must not be
+ * null_sha1. It is verified that the reference does not exist
+ * already.
+ *
+ * See the above comment "Reference transaction updates" for more
+ * information.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_create(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference deletion to transaction. If old_sha1 is non-NULL,
+ * then it holds the value that the reference should have had before
+ * the update (which must not be null_sha1).
+ *
+ * See the above comment "Reference transaction updates" for more
+ * information.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_delete(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Verify, within a transaction, that refname has the value old_sha1,
+ * or, if old_sha1 is null_sha1, then verify that the reference
+ * doesn't exist. old_sha1 must be non-NULL.
+ *
+ * See the above comment "Reference transaction updates" for more
+ * information.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_verify(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Commit all of the changes that have been queued in transaction, as
+ * atomically as possible.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 for success, or one of the below error codes for errors.
+ */
+/* Naming conflict (for example, the ref names A and A/B conflict). */
+#define TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT -1
+/* All other errors. */
+#define TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR -2
+int ref_transaction_commit(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Like ref_transaction_commit(), but optimized for creating
+ * references when originally initializing a repository (e.g., by "git
+ * clone"). It writes the new references directly to packed-refs
+ * without locking the individual references.
+ *
+ * It is a bug to call this function when there might be other
+ * processes accessing the repository or if there are existing
+ * references that might conflict with the ones being created. All
+ * old_sha1 values must either be absent or NULL_SHA1.
+ */
+int initial_ref_transaction_commit(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Free an existing transaction and all associated data.
+ */
+void ref_transaction_free(struct ref_transaction *transaction);
+
 /**
- * Resolve refname in the nested "gitlink" repository that is located
- * at path.  If the resolution is successful, return 0 and set sha1 to
- * the name of the object; otherwise, return a non-zero value.
+ * Lock, update, and unlock a single reference. This function
+ * basically does a transaction containing a single call to
+ * ref_transaction_update(). The parameters to this function have the
+ * same meaning as the corresponding parameters to
+ * ref_transaction_update(). Handle errors as requested by the `onerr`
+ * argument.
  */
-extern int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
+int update_ref(const char *msg, const char *refname,
+	       const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+	       unsigned int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
 
-/** lock a ref and then write its file */
-enum action_on_err { MSG_ON_ERR, DIE_ON_ERR, QUIET_ON_ERR };
-int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
-		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
+extern int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *);
+
+/*
+ * Check whether a ref is hidden. If no namespace is set, both the first and
+ * the second parameter point to the full ref name. If a namespace is set and
+ * the ref is inside that namespace, the first parameter is a pointer to the
+ * name of the ref with the namespace prefix removed. If a namespace is set and
+ * the ref is outside that namespace, the first parameter is NULL. The second
+ * parameter always points to the full ref name.
+ */
+extern int ref_is_hidden(const char *, const char *);
+
+enum ref_type {
+	REF_TYPE_PER_WORKTREE,
+	REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF,
+	REF_TYPE_NORMAL,
+};
+
+enum ref_type ref_type(const char *refname);
+
+enum expire_reflog_flags {
+	EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN = 1 << 0,
+	EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF = 1 << 1,
+	EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE = 1 << 2,
+	EXPIRE_REFLOGS_REWRITE = 1 << 3
+};
+
+/*
+ * The following interface is used for reflog expiration. The caller
+ * calls reflog_expire(), supplying it with three callback functions,
+ * of the following types. The callback functions define the
+ * expiration policy that is desired.
+ *
+ * reflog_expiry_prepare_fn -- Called once after the reference is
+ *     locked.
+ *
+ * reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn -- Called once for each entry in the
+ *     existing reflog. It should return true iff that entry should be
+ *     pruned.
+ *
+ * reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn -- Called once before the reference is
+ *     unlocked again.
+ */
+typedef void reflog_expiry_prepare_fn(const char *refname,
+				      const unsigned char *sha1,
+				      void *cb_data);
+typedef int reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn(unsigned char *osha1,
+					  unsigned char *nsha1,
+					  const char *email,
+					  unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+					  const char *message, void *cb_data);
+typedef void reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn(void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Expire reflog entries for the specified reference. sha1 is the old
+ * value of the reference. flags is a combination of the constants in
+ * enum expire_reflog_flags. The three function pointers are described
+ * above. On success, return zero.
+ */
+extern int reflog_expire(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			 unsigned int flags,
+			 reflog_expiry_prepare_fn prepare_fn,
+			 reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn should_prune_fn,
+			 reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn cleanup_fn,
+			 void *policy_cb_data);
 
 #endif /* REFS_H */
diff --git a/refs/files-backend.c b/refs/files-backend.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f38076411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/refs/files-backend.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3432 @@
+#include "../cache.h"
+#include "../refs.h"
+#include "refs-internal.h"
+#include "../lockfile.h"
+#include "../object.h"
+#include "../dir.h"
+
+struct ref_lock {
+	char *ref_name;
+	char *orig_ref_name;
+	struct lock_file *lk;
+	struct object_id old_oid;
+};
+
+struct ref_entry;
+
+/*
+ * Information used (along with the information in ref_entry) to
+ * describe a single cached reference.  This data structure only
+ * occurs embedded in a union in struct ref_entry, and only when
+ * (ref_entry->flag & REF_DIR) is zero.
+ */
+struct ref_value {
+	/*
+	 * The name of the object to which this reference resolves
+	 * (which may be a tag object).  If REF_ISBROKEN, this is
+	 * null.  If REF_ISSYMREF, then this is the name of the object
+	 * referred to by the last reference in the symlink chain.
+	 */
+	struct object_id oid;
+
+	/*
+	 * If REF_KNOWS_PEELED, then this field holds the peeled value
+	 * of this reference, or null if the reference is known not to
+	 * be peelable.  See the documentation for peel_ref() for an
+	 * exact definition of "peelable".
+	 */
+	struct object_id peeled;
+};
+
+struct ref_cache;
+
+/*
+ * Information used (along with the information in ref_entry) to
+ * describe a level in the hierarchy of references.  This data
+ * structure only occurs embedded in a union in struct ref_entry, and
+ * only when (ref_entry.flag & REF_DIR) is set.  In that case,
+ * (ref_entry.flag & REF_INCOMPLETE) determines whether the references
+ * in the directory have already been read:
+ *
+ *     (ref_entry.flag & REF_INCOMPLETE) unset -- a directory of loose
+ *         or packed references, already read.
+ *
+ *     (ref_entry.flag & REF_INCOMPLETE) set -- a directory of loose
+ *         references that hasn't been read yet (nor has any of its
+ *         subdirectories).
+ *
+ * Entries within a directory are stored within a growable array of
+ * pointers to ref_entries (entries, nr, alloc).  Entries 0 <= i <
+ * sorted are sorted by their component name in strcmp() order and the
+ * remaining entries are unsorted.
+ *
+ * Loose references are read lazily, one directory at a time.  When a
+ * directory of loose references is read, then all of the references
+ * in that directory are stored, and REF_INCOMPLETE stubs are created
+ * for any subdirectories, but the subdirectories themselves are not
+ * read.  The reading is triggered by get_ref_dir().
+ */
+struct ref_dir {
+	int nr, alloc;
+
+	/*
+	 * Entries with index 0 <= i < sorted are sorted by name.  New
+	 * entries are appended to the list unsorted, and are sorted
+	 * only when required; thus we avoid the need to sort the list
+	 * after the addition of every reference.
+	 */
+	int sorted;
+
+	/* A pointer to the ref_cache that contains this ref_dir. */
+	struct ref_cache *ref_cache;
+
+	struct ref_entry **entries;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Bit values for ref_entry::flag.  REF_ISSYMREF=0x01,
+ * REF_ISPACKED=0x02, REF_ISBROKEN=0x04 and REF_BAD_NAME=0x08 are
+ * public values; see refs.h.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The field ref_entry->u.value.peeled of this value entry contains
+ * the correct peeled value for the reference, which might be
+ * null_sha1 if the reference is not a tag or if it is broken.
+ */
+#define REF_KNOWS_PEELED 0x10
+
+/* ref_entry represents a directory of references */
+#define REF_DIR 0x20
+
+/*
+ * Entry has not yet been read from disk (used only for REF_DIR
+ * entries representing loose references)
+ */
+#define REF_INCOMPLETE 0x40
+
+/*
+ * A ref_entry represents either a reference or a "subdirectory" of
+ * references.
+ *
+ * Each directory in the reference namespace is represented by a
+ * ref_entry with (flags & REF_DIR) set and containing a subdir member
+ * that holds the entries in that directory that have been read so
+ * far.  If (flags & REF_INCOMPLETE) is set, then the directory and
+ * its subdirectories haven't been read yet.  REF_INCOMPLETE is only
+ * used for loose reference directories.
+ *
+ * References are represented by a ref_entry with (flags & REF_DIR)
+ * unset and a value member that describes the reference's value.  The
+ * flag member is at the ref_entry level, but it is also needed to
+ * interpret the contents of the value field (in other words, a
+ * ref_value object is not very much use without the enclosing
+ * ref_entry).
+ *
+ * Reference names cannot end with slash and directories' names are
+ * always stored with a trailing slash (except for the top-level
+ * directory, which is always denoted by "").  This has two nice
+ * consequences: (1) when the entries in each subdir are sorted
+ * lexicographically by name (as they usually are), the references in
+ * a whole tree can be generated in lexicographic order by traversing
+ * the tree in left-to-right, depth-first order; (2) the names of
+ * references and subdirectories cannot conflict, and therefore the
+ * presence of an empty subdirectory does not block the creation of a
+ * similarly-named reference.  (The fact that reference names with the
+ * same leading components can conflict *with each other* is a
+ * separate issue that is regulated by verify_refname_available().)
+ *
+ * Please note that the name field contains the fully-qualified
+ * reference (or subdirectory) name.  Space could be saved by only
+ * storing the relative names.  But that would require the full names
+ * to be generated on the fly when iterating in do_for_each_ref(), and
+ * would break callback functions, who have always been able to assume
+ * that the name strings that they are passed will not be freed during
+ * the iteration.
+ */
+struct ref_entry {
+	unsigned char flag; /* ISSYMREF? ISPACKED? */
+	union {
+		struct ref_value value; /* if not (flags&REF_DIR) */
+		struct ref_dir subdir; /* if (flags&REF_DIR) */
+	} u;
+	/*
+	 * The full name of the reference (e.g., "refs/heads/master")
+	 * or the full name of the directory with a trailing slash
+	 * (e.g., "refs/heads/"):
+	 */
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static void read_loose_refs(const char *dirname, struct ref_dir *dir);
+static int search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname, size_t len);
+static struct ref_entry *create_dir_entry(struct ref_cache *ref_cache,
+					  const char *dirname, size_t len,
+					  int incomplete);
+static void add_entry_to_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, struct ref_entry *entry);
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_ref_dir(struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	struct ref_dir *dir;
+	assert(entry->flag & REF_DIR);
+	dir = &entry->u.subdir;
+	if (entry->flag & REF_INCOMPLETE) {
+		read_loose_refs(entry->name, dir);
+
+		/*
+		 * Manually add refs/bisect, which, being
+		 * per-worktree, might not appear in the directory
+		 * listing for refs/ in the main repo.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(entry->name, "refs/")) {
+			int pos = search_ref_dir(dir, "refs/bisect/", 12);
+			if (pos < 0) {
+				struct ref_entry *child_entry;
+				child_entry = create_dir_entry(dir->ref_cache,
+							       "refs/bisect/",
+							       12, 1);
+				add_entry_to_dir(dir, child_entry);
+				read_loose_refs("refs/bisect",
+						&child_entry->u.subdir);
+			}
+		}
+		entry->flag &= ~REF_INCOMPLETE;
+	}
+	return dir;
+}
+
+static struct ref_entry *create_ref_entry(const char *refname,
+					  const unsigned char *sha1, int flag,
+					  int check_name)
+{
+	struct ref_entry *ref;
+
+	if (check_name &&
+	    check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		die("Reference has invalid format: '%s'", refname);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(ref, name, refname);
+	hashcpy(ref->u.value.oid.hash, sha1);
+	oidclr(&ref->u.value.peeled);
+	ref->flag = flag;
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static void clear_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir);
+
+static void free_ref_entry(struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	if (entry->flag & REF_DIR) {
+		/*
+		 * Do not use get_ref_dir() here, as that might
+		 * trigger the reading of loose refs.
+		 */
+		clear_ref_dir(&entry->u.subdir);
+	}
+	free(entry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a ref_entry to the end of dir (unsorted).  Entry is always
+ * stored directly in dir; no recursion into subdirectories is
+ * done.
+ */
+static void add_entry_to_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(dir->entries, dir->nr + 1, dir->alloc);
+	dir->entries[dir->nr++] = entry;
+	/* optimize for the case that entries are added in order */
+	if (dir->nr == 1 ||
+	    (dir->nr == dir->sorted + 1 &&
+	     strcmp(dir->entries[dir->nr - 2]->name,
+		    dir->entries[dir->nr - 1]->name) < 0))
+		dir->sorted = dir->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clear and free all entries in dir, recursively.
+ */
+static void clear_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++)
+		free_ref_entry(dir->entries[i]);
+	free(dir->entries);
+	dir->sorted = dir->nr = dir->alloc = 0;
+	dir->entries = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a struct ref_entry object for the specified dirname.
+ * dirname is the name of the directory with a trailing slash (e.g.,
+ * "refs/heads/") or "" for the top-level directory.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *create_dir_entry(struct ref_cache *ref_cache,
+					  const char *dirname, size_t len,
+					  int incomplete)
+{
+	struct ref_entry *direntry;
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(direntry, name, dirname, len);
+	direntry->u.subdir.ref_cache = ref_cache;
+	direntry->flag = REF_DIR | (incomplete ? REF_INCOMPLETE : 0);
+	return direntry;
+}
+
+static int ref_entry_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	struct ref_entry *one = *(struct ref_entry **)a;
+	struct ref_entry *two = *(struct ref_entry **)b;
+	return strcmp(one->name, two->name);
+}
+
+static void sort_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir);
+
+struct string_slice {
+	size_t len;
+	const char *str;
+};
+
+static int ref_entry_cmp_sslice(const void *key_, const void *ent_)
+{
+	const struct string_slice *key = key_;
+	const struct ref_entry *ent = *(const struct ref_entry * const *)ent_;
+	int cmp = strncmp(key->str, ent->name, key->len);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	return '\0' - (unsigned char)ent->name[key->len];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the index of the entry with the given refname from the
+ * ref_dir (non-recursively), sorting dir if necessary.  Return -1 if
+ * no such entry is found.  dir must already be complete.
+ */
+static int search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname, size_t len)
+{
+	struct ref_entry **r;
+	struct string_slice key;
+
+	if (refname == NULL || !dir->nr)
+		return -1;
+
+	sort_ref_dir(dir);
+	key.len = len;
+	key.str = refname;
+	r = bsearch(&key, dir->entries, dir->nr, sizeof(*dir->entries),
+		    ref_entry_cmp_sslice);
+
+	if (r == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	return r - dir->entries;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search for a directory entry directly within dir (without
+ * recursing).  Sort dir if necessary.  subdirname must be a directory
+ * name (i.e., end in '/').  If mkdir is set, then create the
+ * directory if it is missing; otherwise, return NULL if the desired
+ * directory cannot be found.  dir must already be complete.
+ */
+static struct ref_dir *search_for_subdir(struct ref_dir *dir,
+					 const char *subdirname, size_t len,
+					 int mkdir)
+{
+	int entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, subdirname, len);
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	if (entry_index == -1) {
+		if (!mkdir)
+			return NULL;
+		/*
+		 * Since dir is complete, the absence of a subdir
+		 * means that the subdir really doesn't exist;
+		 * therefore, create an empty record for it but mark
+		 * the record complete.
+		 */
+		entry = create_dir_entry(dir->ref_cache, subdirname, len, 0);
+		add_entry_to_dir(dir, entry);
+	} else {
+		entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+	}
+	return get_ref_dir(entry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If refname is a reference name, find the ref_dir within the dir
+ * tree that should hold refname.  If refname is a directory name
+ * (i.e., ends in '/'), then return that ref_dir itself.  dir must
+ * represent the top-level directory and must already be complete.
+ * Sort ref_dirs and recurse into subdirectories as necessary.  If
+ * mkdir is set, then create any missing directories; otherwise,
+ * return NULL if the desired directory cannot be found.
+ */
+static struct ref_dir *find_containing_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
+					   const char *refname, int mkdir)
+{
+	const char *slash;
+	for (slash = strchr(refname, '/'); slash; slash = strchr(slash + 1, '/')) {
+		size_t dirnamelen = slash - refname + 1;
+		struct ref_dir *subdir;
+		subdir = search_for_subdir(dir, refname, dirnamelen, mkdir);
+		if (!subdir) {
+			dir = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+		dir = subdir;
+	}
+
+	return dir;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the value entry with the given name in dir, sorting ref_dirs
+ * and recursing into subdirectories as necessary.  If the name is not
+ * found or it corresponds to a directory entry, return NULL.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *find_ref(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
+{
+	int entry_index;
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
+	if (!dir)
+		return NULL;
+	entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, strlen(refname));
+	if (entry_index == -1)
+		return NULL;
+	entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+	return (entry->flag & REF_DIR) ? NULL : entry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove the entry with the given name from dir, recursing into
+ * subdirectories as necessary.  If refname is the name of a directory
+ * (i.e., ends with '/'), then remove the directory and its contents.
+ * If the removal was successful, return the number of entries
+ * remaining in the directory entry that contained the deleted entry.
+ * If the name was not found, return -1.  Please note that this
+ * function only deletes the entry from the cache; it does not delete
+ * it from the filesystem or ensure that other cache entries (which
+ * might be symbolic references to the removed entry) are updated.
+ * Nor does it remove any containing dir entries that might be made
+ * empty by the removal.  dir must represent the top-level directory
+ * and must already be complete.
+ */
+static int remove_entry(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
+{
+	int refname_len = strlen(refname);
+	int entry_index;
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	int is_dir = refname[refname_len - 1] == '/';
+	if (is_dir) {
+		/*
+		 * refname represents a reference directory.  Remove
+		 * the trailing slash; otherwise we will get the
+		 * directory *representing* refname rather than the
+		 * one *containing* it.
+		 */
+		char *dirname = xmemdupz(refname, refname_len - 1);
+		dir = find_containing_dir(dir, dirname, 0);
+		free(dirname);
+	} else {
+		dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
+	}
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+	entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, refname_len);
+	if (entry_index == -1)
+		return -1;
+	entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+
+	memmove(&dir->entries[entry_index],
+		&dir->entries[entry_index + 1],
+		(dir->nr - entry_index - 1) * sizeof(*dir->entries)
+		);
+	dir->nr--;
+	if (dir->sorted > entry_index)
+		dir->sorted--;
+	free_ref_entry(entry);
+	return dir->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a ref_entry to the ref_dir (unsorted), recursing into
+ * subdirectories as necessary.  dir must represent the top-level
+ * directory.  Return 0 on success.
+ */
+static int add_ref(struct ref_dir *dir, struct ref_entry *ref)
+{
+	dir = find_containing_dir(dir, ref->name, 1);
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+	add_entry_to_dir(dir, ref);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Emit a warning and return true iff ref1 and ref2 have the same name
+ * and the same sha1.  Die if they have the same name but different
+ * sha1s.
+ */
+static int is_dup_ref(const struct ref_entry *ref1, const struct ref_entry *ref2)
+{
+	if (strcmp(ref1->name, ref2->name))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Duplicate name; make sure that they don't conflict: */
+
+	if ((ref1->flag & REF_DIR) || (ref2->flag & REF_DIR))
+		/* This is impossible by construction */
+		die("Reference directory conflict: %s", ref1->name);
+
+	if (oidcmp(&ref1->u.value.oid, &ref2->u.value.oid))
+		die("Duplicated ref, and SHA1s don't match: %s", ref1->name);
+
+	warning("Duplicated ref: %s", ref1->name);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sort the entries in dir non-recursively (if they are not already
+ * sorted) and remove any duplicate entries.
+ */
+static void sort_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct ref_entry *last = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * This check also prevents passing a zero-length array to qsort(),
+	 * which is a problem on some platforms.
+	 */
+	if (dir->sorted == dir->nr)
+		return;
+
+	qsort(dir->entries, dir->nr, sizeof(*dir->entries), ref_entry_cmp);
+
+	/* Remove any duplicates: */
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; j < dir->nr; j++) {
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[j];
+		if (last && is_dup_ref(last, entry))
+			free_ref_entry(entry);
+		else
+			last = dir->entries[i++] = entry;
+	}
+	dir->sorted = dir->nr = i;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff the reference described by entry can be resolved to
+ * an object in the database.  Emit a warning if the referred-to
+ * object does not exist.
+ */
+static int ref_resolves_to_object(struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+		return 0;
+	if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.oid.hash)) {
+		error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * current_ref is a performance hack: when iterating over references
+ * using the for_each_ref*() functions, current_ref is set to the
+ * current reference's entry before calling the callback function.  If
+ * the callback function calls peel_ref(), then peel_ref() first
+ * checks whether the reference to be peeled is the current reference
+ * (it usually is) and if so, returns that reference's peeled version
+ * if it is available.  This avoids a refname lookup in a common case.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *current_ref;
+
+typedef int each_ref_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data);
+
+struct ref_entry_cb {
+	const char *base;
+	int trim;
+	int flags;
+	each_ref_fn *fn;
+	void *cb_data;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Handle one reference in a do_for_each_ref*()-style iteration,
+ * calling an each_ref_fn for each entry.
+ */
+static int do_one_ref(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_entry_cb *data = cb_data;
+	struct ref_entry *old_current_ref;
+	int retval;
+
+	if (!starts_with(entry->name, data->base))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!(data->flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN) &&
+	      !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Store the old value, in case this is a recursive call: */
+	old_current_ref = current_ref;
+	current_ref = entry;
+	retval = data->fn(entry->name + data->trim, &entry->u.value.oid,
+			  entry->flag, data->cb_data);
+	current_ref = old_current_ref;
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in dir that has index in the range
+ * offset <= index < dir->nr.  Recurse into subdirectories that are in
+ * that index range, sorting them before iterating.  This function
+ * does not sort dir itself; it should be sorted beforehand.  fn is
+ * called for all references, including broken ones.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
+				    each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int i;
+	assert(dir->sorted == dir->nr);
+	for (i = offset; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[i];
+		int retval;
+		if (entry->flag & REF_DIR) {
+			struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(entry);
+			sort_ref_dir(subdir);
+			retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
+		} else {
+			retval = fn(entry, cb_data);
+		}
+		if (retval)
+			return retval;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the union of dir1 and dir2, in order
+ * by refname.  Recurse into subdirectories.  If a value entry appears
+ * in both dir1 and dir2, then only process the version that is in
+ * dir2.  The input dirs must already be sorted, but subdirs will be
+ * sorted as needed.  fn is called for all references, including
+ * broken ones.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
+				     struct ref_dir *dir2,
+				     each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int retval;
+	int i1 = 0, i2 = 0;
+
+	assert(dir1->sorted == dir1->nr);
+	assert(dir2->sorted == dir2->nr);
+	while (1) {
+		struct ref_entry *e1, *e2;
+		int cmp;
+		if (i1 == dir1->nr) {
+			return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir2, i2, fn, cb_data);
+		}
+		if (i2 == dir2->nr) {
+			return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir1, i1, fn, cb_data);
+		}
+		e1 = dir1->entries[i1];
+		e2 = dir2->entries[i2];
+		cmp = strcmp(e1->name, e2->name);
+		if (cmp == 0) {
+			if ((e1->flag & REF_DIR) && (e2->flag & REF_DIR)) {
+				/* Both are directories; descend them in parallel. */
+				struct ref_dir *subdir1 = get_ref_dir(e1);
+				struct ref_dir *subdir2 = get_ref_dir(e2);
+				sort_ref_dir(subdir1);
+				sort_ref_dir(subdir2);
+				retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+						subdir1, subdir2, fn, cb_data);
+				i1++;
+				i2++;
+			} else if (!(e1->flag & REF_DIR) && !(e2->flag & REF_DIR)) {
+				/* Both are references; ignore the one from dir1. */
+				retval = fn(e2, cb_data);
+				i1++;
+				i2++;
+			} else {
+				die("conflict between reference and directory: %s",
+				    e1->name);
+			}
+		} else {
+			struct ref_entry *e;
+			if (cmp < 0) {
+				e = e1;
+				i1++;
+			} else {
+				e = e2;
+				i2++;
+			}
+			if (e->flag & REF_DIR) {
+				struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(e);
+				sort_ref_dir(subdir);
+				retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+						subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
+			} else {
+				retval = fn(e, cb_data);
+			}
+		}
+		if (retval)
+			return retval;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load all of the refs from the dir into our in-memory cache. The hard work
+ * of loading loose refs is done by get_ref_dir(), so we just need to recurse
+ * through all of the sub-directories. We do not even need to care about
+ * sorting, as traversal order does not matter to us.
+ */
+static void prime_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[i];
+		if (entry->flag & REF_DIR)
+			prime_ref_dir(get_ref_dir(entry));
+	}
+}
+
+struct nonmatching_ref_data {
+	const struct string_list *skip;
+	const char *conflicting_refname;
+};
+
+static int nonmatching_ref_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *vdata)
+{
+	struct nonmatching_ref_data *data = vdata;
+
+	if (data->skip && string_list_has_string(data->skip, entry->name))
+		return 0;
+
+	data->conflicting_refname = entry->name;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return 0 if a reference named refname could be created without
+ * conflicting with the name of an existing reference in dir.
+ * See verify_refname_available for more information.
+ */
+static int verify_refname_available_dir(const char *refname,
+					const struct string_list *extras,
+					const struct string_list *skip,
+					struct ref_dir *dir,
+					struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	const char *slash;
+	const char *extra_refname;
+	int pos;
+	struct strbuf dirname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * For the sake of comments in this function, suppose that
+	 * refname is "refs/foo/bar".
+	 */
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	strbuf_grow(&dirname, strlen(refname) + 1);
+	for (slash = strchr(refname, '/'); slash; slash = strchr(slash + 1, '/')) {
+		/* Expand dirname to the new prefix, not including the trailing slash: */
+		strbuf_add(&dirname, refname + dirname.len, slash - refname - dirname.len);
+
+		/*
+		 * We are still at a leading dir of the refname (e.g.,
+		 * "refs/foo"; if there is a reference with that name,
+		 * it is a conflict, *unless* it is in skip.
+		 */
+		if (dir) {
+			pos = search_ref_dir(dir, dirname.buf, dirname.len);
+			if (pos >= 0 &&
+			    (!skip || !string_list_has_string(skip, dirname.buf))) {
+				/*
+				 * We found a reference whose name is
+				 * a proper prefix of refname; e.g.,
+				 * "refs/foo", and is not in skip.
+				 */
+				strbuf_addf(err, "'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
+					    dirname.buf, refname);
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (extras && string_list_has_string(extras, dirname.buf) &&
+		    (!skip || !string_list_has_string(skip, dirname.buf))) {
+			strbuf_addf(err, "cannot process '%s' and '%s' at the same time",
+				    refname, dirname.buf);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we can try to continue our search with
+		 * the next component. So try to look up the
+		 * directory, e.g., "refs/foo/". If we come up empty,
+		 * we know there is nothing under this whole prefix,
+		 * but even in that case we still have to continue the
+		 * search for conflicts with extras.
+		 */
+		strbuf_addch(&dirname, '/');
+		if (dir) {
+			pos = search_ref_dir(dir, dirname.buf, dirname.len);
+			if (pos < 0) {
+				/*
+				 * There was no directory "refs/foo/",
+				 * so there is nothing under this
+				 * whole prefix. So there is no need
+				 * to continue looking for conflicting
+				 * references. But we need to continue
+				 * looking for conflicting extras.
+				 */
+				dir = NULL;
+			} else {
+				dir = get_ref_dir(dir->entries[pos]);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We are at the leaf of our refname (e.g., "refs/foo/bar").
+	 * There is no point in searching for a reference with that
+	 * name, because a refname isn't considered to conflict with
+	 * itself. But we still need to check for references whose
+	 * names are in the "refs/foo/bar/" namespace, because they
+	 * *do* conflict.
+	 */
+	strbuf_addstr(&dirname, refname + dirname.len);
+	strbuf_addch(&dirname, '/');
+
+	if (dir) {
+		pos = search_ref_dir(dir, dirname.buf, dirname.len);
+
+		if (pos >= 0) {
+			/*
+			 * We found a directory named "$refname/"
+			 * (e.g., "refs/foo/bar/"). It is a problem
+			 * iff it contains any ref that is not in
+			 * "skip".
+			 */
+			struct nonmatching_ref_data data;
+
+			data.skip = skip;
+			data.conflicting_refname = NULL;
+			dir = get_ref_dir(dir->entries[pos]);
+			sort_ref_dir(dir);
+			if (do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir, 0, nonmatching_ref_fn, &data)) {
+				strbuf_addf(err, "'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
+					    data.conflicting_refname, refname);
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	extra_refname = find_descendant_ref(dirname.buf, extras, skip);
+	if (extra_refname)
+		strbuf_addf(err, "cannot process '%s' and '%s' at the same time",
+			    refname, extra_refname);
+	else
+		ret = 0;
+
+cleanup:
+	strbuf_release(&dirname);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct packed_ref_cache {
+	struct ref_entry *root;
+
+	/*
+	 * Count of references to the data structure in this instance,
+	 * including the pointer from ref_cache::packed if any.  The
+	 * data will not be freed as long as the reference count is
+	 * nonzero.
+	 */
+	unsigned int referrers;
+
+	/*
+	 * Iff the packed-refs file associated with this instance is
+	 * currently locked for writing, this points at the associated
+	 * lock (which is owned by somebody else).  The referrer count
+	 * is also incremented when the file is locked and decremented
+	 * when it is unlocked.
+	 */
+	struct lock_file *lock;
+
+	/* The metadata from when this packed-refs cache was read */
+	struct stat_validity validity;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Future: need to be in "struct repository"
+ * when doing a full libification.
+ */
+static struct ref_cache {
+	struct ref_cache *next;
+	struct ref_entry *loose;
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed;
+	/*
+	 * The submodule name, or "" for the main repo.  We allocate
+	 * length 1 rather than FLEX_ARRAY so that the main ref_cache
+	 * is initialized correctly.
+	 */
+	char name[1];
+} ref_cache, *submodule_ref_caches;
+
+/* Lock used for the main packed-refs file: */
+static struct lock_file packlock;
+
+/*
+ * Increment the reference count of *packed_refs.
+ */
+static void acquire_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+	packed_refs->referrers++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decrease the reference count of *packed_refs.  If it goes to zero,
+ * free *packed_refs and return true; otherwise return false.
+ */
+static int release_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+	if (!--packed_refs->referrers) {
+		free_ref_entry(packed_refs->root);
+		stat_validity_clear(&packed_refs->validity);
+		free(packed_refs);
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static void clear_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+	if (refs->packed) {
+		struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs = refs->packed;
+
+		if (packed_refs->lock)
+			die("internal error: packed-ref cache cleared while locked");
+		refs->packed = NULL;
+		release_packed_ref_cache(packed_refs);
+	}
+}
+
+static void clear_loose_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+	if (refs->loose) {
+		free_ref_entry(refs->loose);
+		refs->loose = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a new submodule ref cache and add it to the internal
+ * set of caches.
+ */
+static struct ref_cache *create_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
+{
+	struct ref_cache *refs;
+	if (!submodule)
+		submodule = "";
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(refs, name, submodule);
+	refs->next = submodule_ref_caches;
+	submodule_ref_caches = refs;
+	return refs;
+}
+
+static struct ref_cache *lookup_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
+{
+	struct ref_cache *refs;
+
+	if (!submodule || !*submodule)
+		return &ref_cache;
+
+	for (refs = submodule_ref_caches; refs; refs = refs->next)
+		if (!strcmp(submodule, refs->name))
+			return refs;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a pointer to a ref_cache for the specified submodule. For
+ * the main repository, use submodule==NULL. The returned structure
+ * will be allocated and initialized but not necessarily populated; it
+ * should not be freed.
+ */
+static struct ref_cache *get_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
+{
+	struct ref_cache *refs = lookup_ref_cache(submodule);
+	if (!refs)
+		refs = create_ref_cache(submodule);
+	return refs;
+}
+
+/* The length of a peeled reference line in packed-refs, including EOL: */
+#define PEELED_LINE_LENGTH 42
+
+/*
+ * The packed-refs header line that we write out.  Perhaps other
+ * traits will be added later.  The trailing space is required.
+ */
+static const char PACKED_REFS_HEADER[] =
+	"# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled \n";
+
+/*
+ * Parse one line from a packed-refs file.  Write the SHA1 to sha1.
+ * Return a pointer to the refname within the line (null-terminated),
+ * or NULL if there was a problem.
+ */
+static const char *parse_ref_line(struct strbuf *line, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *ref;
+
+	/*
+	 * 42: the answer to everything.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, it happens to be the answer to
+	 *  40 (length of sha1 hex representation)
+	 *  +1 (space in between hex and name)
+	 *  +1 (newline at the end of the line)
+	 */
+	if (line->len <= 42)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(line->buf, sha1) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!isspace(line->buf[40]))
+		return NULL;
+
+	ref = line->buf + 41;
+	if (isspace(*ref))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (line->buf[line->len - 1] != '\n')
+		return NULL;
+	line->buf[--line->len] = 0;
+
+	return ref;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read f, which is a packed-refs file, into dir.
+ *
+ * A comment line of the form "# pack-refs with: " may contain zero or
+ * more traits. We interpret the traits as follows:
+ *
+ *   No traits:
+ *
+ *      Probably no references are peeled. But if the file contains a
+ *      peeled value for a reference, we will use it.
+ *
+ *   peeled:
+ *
+ *      References under "refs/tags/", if they *can* be peeled, *are*
+ *      peeled in this file. References outside of "refs/tags/" are
+ *      probably not peeled even if they could have been, but if we find
+ *      a peeled value for such a reference we will use it.
+ *
+ *   fully-peeled:
+ *
+ *      All references in the file that can be peeled are peeled.
+ *      Inversely (and this is more important), any references in the
+ *      file for which no peeled value is recorded is not peelable. This
+ *      trait should typically be written alongside "peeled" for
+ *      compatibility with older clients, but we do not require it
+ *      (i.e., "peeled" is a no-op if "fully-peeled" is set).
+ */
+static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	struct ref_entry *last = NULL;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	enum { PEELED_NONE, PEELED_TAGS, PEELED_FULLY } peeled = PEELED_NONE;
+
+	while (strbuf_getwholeline(&line, f, '\n') != EOF) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *refname;
+		const char *traits;
+
+		if (skip_prefix(line.buf, "# pack-refs with:", &traits)) {
+			if (strstr(traits, " fully-peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_FULLY;
+			else if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_TAGS;
+			/* perhaps other traits later as well */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		refname = parse_ref_line(&line, sha1);
+		if (refname) {
+			int flag = REF_ISPACKED;
+
+			if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+				if (!refname_is_safe(refname))
+					die("packed refname is dangerous: %s", refname);
+				hashclr(sha1);
+				flag |= REF_BAD_NAME | REF_ISBROKEN;
+			}
+			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 0);
+			if (peeled == PEELED_FULLY ||
+			    (peeled == PEELED_TAGS && starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/")))
+				last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			add_ref(dir, last);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (last &&
+		    line.buf[0] == '^' &&
+		    line.len == PEELED_LINE_LENGTH &&
+		    line.buf[PEELED_LINE_LENGTH - 1] == '\n' &&
+		    !get_sha1_hex(line.buf + 1, sha1)) {
+			hashcpy(last->u.value.peeled.hash, sha1);
+			/*
+			 * Regardless of what the file header said,
+			 * we definitely know the value of *this*
+			 * reference:
+			 */
+			last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the packed_ref_cache for the specified ref_cache, creating it
+ * if necessary.
+ */
+static struct packed_ref_cache *get_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+	char *packed_refs_file;
+
+	if (*refs->name)
+		packed_refs_file = git_pathdup_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
+	else
+		packed_refs_file = git_pathdup("packed-refs");
+
+	if (refs->packed &&
+	    !stat_validity_check(&refs->packed->validity, packed_refs_file))
+		clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+
+	if (!refs->packed) {
+		FILE *f;
+
+		refs->packed = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*refs->packed));
+		acquire_packed_ref_cache(refs->packed);
+		refs->packed->root = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
+		f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
+		if (f) {
+			stat_validity_update(&refs->packed->validity, fileno(f));
+			read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed->root));
+			fclose(f);
+		}
+	}
+	free(packed_refs_file);
+	return refs->packed;
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_ref_dir(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache)
+{
+	return get_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache->root);
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+	return get_packed_ref_dir(get_packed_ref_cache(refs));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference to the in-memory packed reference cache.  This may
+ * only be called while the packed-refs file is locked (see
+ * lock_packed_refs()).  To actually write the packed-refs file, call
+ * commit_packed_refs().
+ */
+static void add_packed_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed refs not locked");
+	add_ref(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+		create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the loose references from the namespace dirname into dir
+ * (without recursing).  dirname must end with '/'.  dir must be the
+ * directory entry corresponding to dirname.
+ */
+static void read_loose_refs(const char *dirname, struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	struct ref_cache *refs = dir->ref_cache;
+	DIR *d;
+	struct dirent *de;
+	int dirnamelen = strlen(dirname);
+	struct strbuf refname;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t path_baselen;
+
+	if (*refs->name)
+		strbuf_git_path_submodule(&path, refs->name, "%s", dirname);
+	else
+		strbuf_git_path(&path, "%s", dirname);
+	path_baselen = path.len;
+
+	d = opendir(path.buf);
+	if (!d) {
+		strbuf_release(&path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_init(&refname, dirnamelen + 257);
+	strbuf_add(&refname, dirname, dirnamelen);
+
+	while ((de = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct stat st;
+		int flag;
+
+		if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+			continue;
+		if (ends_with(de->d_name, ".lock"))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_addstr(&refname, de->d_name);
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, de->d_name);
+		if (stat(path.buf, &st) < 0) {
+			; /* silently ignore */
+		} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			strbuf_addch(&refname, '/');
+			add_entry_to_dir(dir,
+					 create_dir_entry(refs, refname.buf,
+							  refname.len, 1));
+		} else {
+			int read_ok;
+
+			if (*refs->name) {
+				hashclr(sha1);
+				flag = 0;
+				read_ok = !resolve_gitlink_ref(refs->name,
+							       refname.buf, sha1);
+			} else {
+				read_ok = !read_ref_full(refname.buf,
+							 RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+							 sha1, &flag);
+			}
+
+			if (!read_ok) {
+				hashclr(sha1);
+				flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+			} else if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+				/*
+				 * It is so astronomically unlikely
+				 * that NULL_SHA1 is the SHA-1 of an
+				 * actual object that we consider its
+				 * appearance in a loose reference
+				 * file to be repo corruption
+				 * (probably due to a software bug).
+				 */
+				flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+			}
+
+			if (check_refname_format(refname.buf,
+						 REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+				if (!refname_is_safe(refname.buf))
+					die("loose refname is dangerous: %s", refname.buf);
+				hashclr(sha1);
+				flag |= REF_BAD_NAME | REF_ISBROKEN;
+			}
+			add_entry_to_dir(dir,
+					 create_ref_entry(refname.buf, sha1, flag, 0));
+		}
+		strbuf_setlen(&refname, dirnamelen);
+		strbuf_setlen(&path, path_baselen);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&refname);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	closedir(d);
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_loose_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+	if (!refs->loose) {
+		/*
+		 * Mark the top-level directory complete because we
+		 * are about to read the only subdirectory that can
+		 * hold references:
+		 */
+		refs->loose = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
+		/*
+		 * Create an incomplete entry for "refs/":
+		 */
+		add_entry_to_dir(get_ref_dir(refs->loose),
+				 create_dir_entry(refs, "refs/", 5, 1));
+	}
+	return get_ref_dir(refs->loose);
+}
+
+#define MAXREFLEN (1024)
+
+/*
+ * Called by resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive() after it failed to read
+ * from the loose refs in ref_cache refs. Find <refname> in the
+ * packed-refs file for the submodule.
+ */
+static int resolve_gitlink_packed_ref(struct ref_cache *refs,
+				      const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct ref_entry *ref;
+	struct ref_dir *dir = get_packed_refs(refs);
+
+	ref = find_ref(dir, refname);
+	if (ref == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ref->u.value.oid.hash);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(struct ref_cache *refs,
+					 const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
+					 int recursion)
+{
+	int fd, len;
+	char buffer[128], *p;
+	char *path;
+
+	if (recursion > SYMREF_MAXDEPTH || strlen(refname) > MAXREFLEN)
+		return -1;
+	path = *refs->name
+		? git_pathdup_submodule(refs->name, "%s", refname)
+		: git_pathdup("%s", refname);
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	free(path);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return resolve_gitlink_packed_ref(refs, refname, sha1);
+
+	len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
+	close(fd);
+	if (len < 0)
+		return -1;
+	while (len && isspace(buffer[len-1]))
+		len--;
+	buffer[len] = 0;
+
+	/* Was it a detached head or an old-fashioned symlink? */
+	if (!get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Symref? */
+	if (strncmp(buffer, "ref:", 4))
+		return -1;
+	p = buffer + 4;
+	while (isspace(*p))
+		p++;
+
+	return resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(refs, p, sha1, recursion+1);
+}
+
+int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int len = strlen(path), retval;
+	struct strbuf submodule = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_cache *refs;
+
+	while (len && path[len-1] == '/')
+		len--;
+	if (!len)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_add(&submodule, path, len);
+	refs = lookup_ref_cache(submodule.buf);
+	if (!refs) {
+		if (!is_nonbare_repository_dir(&submodule)) {
+			strbuf_release(&submodule);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		refs = create_ref_cache(submodule.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&submodule);
+
+	retval = resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(refs, refname, sha1, 0);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the ref_entry for the given refname from the packed
+ * references.  If it does not exist, return NULL.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *get_packed_ref(const char *refname)
+{
+	return find_ref(get_packed_refs(&ref_cache), refname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A loose ref file doesn't exist; check for a packed ref.
+ */
+static int resolve_missing_loose_ref(const char *refname,
+				     unsigned char *sha1,
+				     unsigned int *flags)
+{
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+
+	/*
+	 * The loose reference file does not exist; check for a packed
+	 * reference.
+	 */
+	entry = get_packed_ref(refname);
+	if (entry) {
+		hashcpy(sha1, entry->u.value.oid.hash);
+		*flags |= REF_ISPACKED;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* refname is not a packed reference. */
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a raw ref from the filesystem or packed refs file.
+ *
+ * If the ref is a sha1, fill in sha1 and return 0.
+ *
+ * If the ref is symbolic, fill in *symref with the referrent
+ * (e.g. "refs/heads/master") and return 0.  The caller is responsible
+ * for validating the referrent.  Set REF_ISSYMREF in flags.
+ *
+ * If the ref doesn't exist, set errno to ENOENT and return -1.
+ *
+ * If the ref exists but is neither a symbolic ref nor a sha1, it is
+ * broken. Set REF_ISBROKEN in flags, set errno to EINVAL, and return
+ * -1.
+ *
+ * If there is another error reading the ref, set errno appropriately and
+ * return -1.
+ *
+ * Backend-specific flags might be set in flags as well, regardless of
+ * outcome.
+ *
+ * sb_path is workspace: the caller should allocate and free it.
+ *
+ * It is OK for refname to point into symref. In this case:
+ * - if the function succeeds with REF_ISSYMREF, symref will be
+ *   overwritten and the memory pointed to by refname might be changed
+ *   or even freed.
+ * - in all other cases, symref will be untouched, and therefore
+ *   refname will still be valid and unchanged.
+ */
+int read_raw_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
+		 struct strbuf *symref, unsigned int *flags)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb_contents = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf sb_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *path;
+	const char *buf;
+	struct stat st;
+	int fd;
+	int ret = -1;
+	int save_errno;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb_path);
+	strbuf_git_path(&sb_path, "%s", refname);
+	path = sb_path.buf;
+
+stat_ref:
+	/*
+	 * We might have to loop back here to avoid a race
+	 * condition: first we lstat() the file, then we try
+	 * to read it as a link or as a file.  But if somebody
+	 * changes the type of the file (file <-> directory
+	 * <-> symlink) between the lstat() and reading, then
+	 * we don't want to report that as an error but rather
+	 * try again starting with the lstat().
+	 */
+
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			goto out;
+		if (resolve_missing_loose_ref(refname, sha1, flags)) {
+			errno = ENOENT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		ret = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Follow "normalized" - ie "refs/.." symlinks by hand */
+	if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+		strbuf_reset(&sb_contents);
+		if (strbuf_readlink(&sb_contents, path, 0) < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
+				/* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+				goto stat_ref;
+			else
+				goto out;
+		}
+		if (starts_with(sb_contents.buf, "refs/") &&
+		    !check_refname_format(sb_contents.buf, 0)) {
+			strbuf_swap(&sb_contents, symref);
+			*flags |= REF_ISSYMREF;
+			ret = 0;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Is it a directory? */
+	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+		errno = EISDIR;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Anything else, just open it and try to use it as
+	 * a ref
+	 */
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			/* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+			goto stat_ref;
+		else
+			goto out;
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(&sb_contents);
+	if (strbuf_read(&sb_contents, fd, 256) < 0) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		close(fd);
+		errno = save_errno;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	close(fd);
+	strbuf_rtrim(&sb_contents);
+	buf = sb_contents.buf;
+	if (starts_with(buf, "ref:")) {
+		buf += 4;
+		while (isspace(*buf))
+			buf++;
+
+		strbuf_reset(symref);
+		strbuf_addstr(symref, buf);
+		*flags |= REF_ISSYMREF;
+		ret = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Please note that FETCH_HEAD has additional
+	 * data after the sha.
+	 */
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buf, sha1) ||
+	    (buf[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buf[40]))) {
+		*flags |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = 0;
+
+out:
+	save_errno = errno;
+	strbuf_release(&sb_path);
+	strbuf_release(&sb_contents);
+	errno = save_errno;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Peel the entry (if possible) and return its new peel_status.  If
+ * repeel is true, re-peel the entry even if there is an old peeled
+ * value that is already stored in it.
+ *
+ * It is OK to call this function with a packed reference entry that
+ * might be stale and might even refer to an object that has since
+ * been garbage-collected.  In such a case, if the entry has
+ * REF_KNOWS_PEELED then leave the status unchanged and return
+ * PEEL_PEELED or PEEL_NON_TAG; otherwise, return PEEL_INVALID.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_entry(struct ref_entry *entry, int repeel)
+{
+	enum peel_status status;
+
+	if (entry->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+		if (repeel) {
+			entry->flag &= ~REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			oidclr(&entry->u.value.peeled);
+		} else {
+			return is_null_oid(&entry->u.value.peeled) ?
+				PEEL_NON_TAG : PEEL_PEELED;
+		}
+	}
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+		return PEEL_BROKEN;
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		return PEEL_IS_SYMREF;
+
+	status = peel_object(entry->u.value.oid.hash, entry->u.value.peeled.hash);
+	if (status == PEEL_PEELED || status == PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		entry->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+	return status;
+}
+
+int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int flag;
+	unsigned char base[20];
+
+	if (current_ref && (current_ref->name == refname
+			    || !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
+		if (peel_entry(current_ref, 0))
+			return -1;
+		hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled.hash);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (read_ref_full(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, base, &flag))
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the reference is packed, read its ref_entry from the
+	 * cache in the hope that we already know its peeled value.
+	 * We only try this optimization on packed references because
+	 * (a) forcing the filling of the loose reference cache could
+	 * be expensive and (b) loose references anyway usually do not
+	 * have REF_KNOWS_PEELED.
+	 */
+	if (flag & REF_ISPACKED) {
+		struct ref_entry *r = get_packed_ref(refname);
+		if (r) {
+			if (peel_entry(r, 0))
+				return -1;
+			hashcpy(sha1, r->u.value.peeled.hash);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return peel_object(base, sha1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache, omitting
+ * references not in the containing_dir of base.  fn is called for all
+ * references, including broken ones.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+			     each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
+	struct ref_dir *loose_dir;
+	struct ref_dir *packed_dir;
+	int retval = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We must make sure that all loose refs are read before accessing the
+	 * packed-refs file; this avoids a race condition in which loose refs
+	 * are migrated to the packed-refs file by a simultaneous process, but
+	 * our in-memory view is from before the migration. get_packed_ref_cache()
+	 * takes care of making sure our view is up to date with what is on
+	 * disk.
+	 */
+	loose_dir = get_loose_refs(refs);
+	if (base && *base) {
+		loose_dir = find_containing_dir(loose_dir, base, 0);
+	}
+	if (loose_dir)
+		prime_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+
+	packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+	acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	packed_dir = get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache);
+	if (base && *base) {
+		packed_dir = find_containing_dir(packed_dir, base, 0);
+	}
+
+	if (packed_dir && loose_dir) {
+		sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
+		sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+				packed_dir, loose_dir, fn, cb_data);
+	} else if (packed_dir) {
+		sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+				packed_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
+	} else if (loose_dir) {
+		sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+				loose_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
+	}
+
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache for which the
+ * refname begins with base.  If trim is non-zero, then trim that many
+ * characters off the beginning of each refname before passing the
+ * refname to fn.  flags can be DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN to include
+ * broken references in the iteration.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *base,
+		    each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_entry_cb data;
+	struct ref_cache *refs;
+
+	refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
+	data.base = base;
+	data.trim = trim;
+	data.flags = flags;
+	data.fn = fn;
+	data.cb_data = cb_data;
+
+	if (ref_paranoia < 0)
+		ref_paranoia = git_env_bool("GIT_REF_PARANOIA", 0);
+	if (ref_paranoia)
+		data.flags |= DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN;
+
+	return do_for_each_entry(refs, base, do_one_ref, &data);
+}
+
+static void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+{
+	/* Do not free lock->lk -- atexit() still looks at them */
+	if (lock->lk)
+		rollback_lock_file(lock->lk);
+	free(lock->ref_name);
+	free(lock->orig_ref_name);
+	free(lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify that the reference locked by lock has the value old_sha1.
+ * Fail if the reference doesn't exist and mustexist is set. Return 0
+ * on success. On error, write an error message to err, set errno, and
+ * return a negative value.
+ */
+static int verify_lock(struct ref_lock *lock,
+		       const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist,
+		       struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	assert(err);
+
+	if (read_ref_full(lock->ref_name,
+			  mustexist ? RESOLVE_REF_READING : 0,
+			  lock->old_oid.hash, NULL)) {
+		if (old_sha1) {
+			int save_errno = errno;
+			strbuf_addf(err, "can't verify ref %s", lock->ref_name);
+			errno = save_errno;
+			return -1;
+		} else {
+			hashclr(lock->old_oid.hash);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (old_sha1 && hashcmp(lock->old_oid.hash, old_sha1)) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, "ref %s is at %s but expected %s",
+			    lock->ref_name,
+			    sha1_to_hex(lock->old_oid.hash),
+			    sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
+		errno = EBUSY;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_empty_directories(struct strbuf *path)
+{
+	/*
+	 * we want to create a file but there is a directory there;
+	 * if that is an empty directory (or a directory that contains
+	 * only empty directories), remove them.
+	 */
+	return remove_dir_recursively(path, REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Locks a ref returning the lock on success and NULL on failure.
+ * On failure errno is set to something meaningful.
+ */
+static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
+					    const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+					    const struct string_list *extras,
+					    const struct string_list *skip,
+					    unsigned int flags, int *type_p,
+					    struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf orig_ref_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *orig_refname = refname;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	int last_errno = 0;
+	int type;
+	int lflags = 0;
+	int mustexist = (old_sha1 && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1));
+	int resolve_flags = 0;
+	int attempts_remaining = 3;
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_lock));
+
+	if (mustexist)
+		resolve_flags |= RESOLVE_REF_READING;
+	if (flags & REF_DELETING)
+		resolve_flags |= RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME;
+	if (flags & REF_NODEREF) {
+		resolve_flags |= RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE;
+		lflags |= LOCK_NO_DEREF;
+	}
+
+	refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, resolve_flags,
+				     lock->old_oid.hash, &type);
+	if (!refname && errno == EISDIR) {
+		/*
+		 * we are trying to lock foo but we used to
+		 * have foo/bar which now does not exist;
+		 * it is normal for the empty directory 'foo'
+		 * to remain.
+		 */
+		strbuf_git_path(&orig_ref_file, "%s", orig_refname);
+		if (remove_empty_directories(&orig_ref_file)) {
+			last_errno = errno;
+			if (!verify_refname_available_dir(orig_refname, extras, skip,
+							  get_loose_refs(&ref_cache), err))
+				strbuf_addf(err, "there are still refs under '%s'",
+					    orig_refname);
+			goto error_return;
+		}
+		refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(orig_refname, resolve_flags,
+					     lock->old_oid.hash, &type);
+	}
+	if (type_p)
+	    *type_p = type;
+	if (!refname) {
+		last_errno = errno;
+		if (last_errno != ENOTDIR ||
+		    !verify_refname_available_dir(orig_refname, extras, skip,
+						  get_loose_refs(&ref_cache), err))
+			strbuf_addf(err, "unable to resolve reference %s: %s",
+				    orig_refname, strerror(last_errno));
+
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & REF_NODEREF)
+		refname = orig_refname;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the ref did not exist and we are creating it, make sure
+	 * there is no existing packed ref whose name begins with our
+	 * refname, nor a packed ref whose name is a proper prefix of
+	 * our refname.
+	 */
+	if (is_null_oid(&lock->old_oid) &&
+	    verify_refname_available_dir(refname, extras, skip,
+					 get_packed_refs(&ref_cache), err)) {
+		last_errno = ENOTDIR;
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+
+	lock->lk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	lock->ref_name = xstrdup(refname);
+	lock->orig_ref_name = xstrdup(orig_refname);
+	strbuf_git_path(&ref_file, "%s", refname);
+
+ retry:
+	switch (safe_create_leading_directories_const(ref_file.buf)) {
+	case SCLD_OK:
+		break; /* success */
+	case SCLD_VANISHED:
+		if (--attempts_remaining > 0)
+			goto retry;
+		/* fall through */
+	default:
+		last_errno = errno;
+		strbuf_addf(err, "unable to create directory for %s",
+			    ref_file.buf);
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+
+	if (hold_lock_file_for_update(lock->lk, ref_file.buf, lflags) < 0) {
+		last_errno = errno;
+		if (errno == ENOENT && --attempts_remaining > 0)
+			/*
+			 * Maybe somebody just deleted one of the
+			 * directories leading to ref_file.  Try
+			 * again:
+			 */
+			goto retry;
+		else {
+			unable_to_lock_message(ref_file.buf, errno, err);
+			goto error_return;
+		}
+	}
+	if (verify_lock(lock, old_sha1, mustexist, err)) {
+		last_errno = errno;
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+	goto out;
+
+ error_return:
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	lock = NULL;
+
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&ref_file);
+	strbuf_release(&orig_ref_file);
+	errno = last_errno;
+	return lock;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write an entry to the packed-refs file for the specified refname.
+ * If peeled is non-NULL, write it as the entry's peeled value.
+ */
+static void write_packed_entry(FILE *fh, char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
+			       unsigned char *peeled)
+{
+	fprintf_or_die(fh, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname);
+	if (peeled)
+		fprintf_or_die(fh, "^%s\n", sha1_to_hex(peeled));
+}
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that writes the entry to a packed-refs file.
+ */
+static int write_packed_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	enum peel_status peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 0);
+
+	if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		error("internal error: %s is not a valid packed reference!",
+		      entry->name);
+	write_packed_entry(cb_data, entry->name, entry->u.value.oid.hash,
+			   peel_status == PEEL_PEELED ?
+			   entry->u.value.peeled.hash : NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lock the packed-refs file for writing. Flags is passed to
+ * hold_lock_file_for_update(). Return 0 on success. On errors, set
+ * errno appropriately and return a nonzero value.
+ */
+static int lock_packed_refs(int flags)
+{
+	static int timeout_configured = 0;
+	static int timeout_value = 1000;
+
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
+
+	if (!timeout_configured) {
+		git_config_get_int("core.packedrefstimeout", &timeout_value);
+		timeout_configured = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(
+			    &packlock, git_path("packed-refs"),
+			    flags, timeout_value) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	/*
+	 * Get the current packed-refs while holding the lock.  If the
+	 * packed-refs file has been modified since we last read it,
+	 * this will automatically invalidate the cache and re-read
+	 * the packed-refs file.
+	 */
+	packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = &packlock;
+	/* Increment the reference count to prevent it from being freed: */
+	acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the current version of the packed refs cache from memory to
+ * disk. The packed-refs file must already be locked for writing (see
+ * lock_packed_refs()). Return zero on success. On errors, set errno
+ * and return a nonzero value
+ */
+static int commit_packed_refs(void)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	int error = 0;
+	int save_errno = 0;
+	FILE *out;
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+
+	out = fdopen_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock, "w");
+	if (!out)
+		die_errno("unable to fdopen packed-refs descriptor");
+
+	fprintf_or_die(out, "%s", PACKED_REFS_HEADER);
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+				 0, write_packed_entry_fn, out);
+
+	if (commit_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock)) {
+		save_errno = errno;
+		error = -1;
+	}
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	errno = save_errno;
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Rollback the lockfile for the packed-refs file, and discard the
+ * in-memory packed reference cache.  (The packed-refs file will be
+ * read anew if it is needed again after this function is called.)
+ */
+static void rollback_packed_refs(void)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+	rollback_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock);
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	clear_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+}
+
+struct ref_to_prune {
+	struct ref_to_prune *next;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct pack_refs_cb_data {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct ref_dir *packed_refs;
+	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
+};
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that is run over loose references only.  If
+ * the loose reference can be packed, add an entry in the packed ref
+ * cache.  If the reference should be pruned, also add it to
+ * ref_to_prune in the pack_refs_cb_data.
+ */
+static int pack_if_possible_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
+	enum peel_status peel_status;
+	struct ref_entry *packed_entry;
+	int is_tag_ref = starts_with(entry->name, "refs/tags/");
+
+	/* Do not pack per-worktree refs: */
+	if (ref_type(entry->name) != REF_TYPE_NORMAL)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* ALWAYS pack tags */
+	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Do not pack symbolic or broken refs: */
+	if ((entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF) || !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Add a packed ref cache entry equivalent to the loose entry. */
+	peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 1);
+	if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		die("internal error peeling reference %s (%s)",
+		    entry->name, oid_to_hex(&entry->u.value.oid));
+	packed_entry = find_ref(cb->packed_refs, entry->name);
+	if (packed_entry) {
+		/* Overwrite existing packed entry with info from loose entry */
+		packed_entry->flag = REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		oidcpy(&packed_entry->u.value.oid, &entry->u.value.oid);
+	} else {
+		packed_entry = create_ref_entry(entry->name, entry->u.value.oid.hash,
+						REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED, 0);
+		add_ref(cb->packed_refs, packed_entry);
+	}
+	oidcpy(&packed_entry->u.value.peeled, &entry->u.value.peeled);
+
+	/* Schedule the loose reference for pruning if requested. */
+	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE)) {
+		struct ref_to_prune *n;
+		FLEX_ALLOC_STR(n, name, entry->name);
+		hashcpy(n->sha1, entry->u.value.oid.hash);
+		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
+		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
+ * Note: munges *name.
+ */
+static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
+{
+	char *p, *q;
+	int i;
+	p = name;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
+		while (*p && *p != '/')
+			p++;
+		/* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
+		while (*p == '/')
+			p++;
+	}
+	for (q = p; *q; q++)
+		;
+	while (1) {
+		while (q > p && *q != '/')
+			q--;
+		while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
+			q--;
+		if (q == p)
+			break;
+		*q = '\0';
+		if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
+static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (check_refname_format(r->name, 0))
+		return;
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_delete(transaction, r->name, r->sha1,
+				   REF_ISPRUNING, NULL, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return;
+	}
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
+}
+
+static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		prune_ref(r);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
+
+	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+	cbdata.flags = flags;
+
+	lock_packed_refs(LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	cbdata.packed_refs = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_loose_refs(&ref_cache), 0,
+				 pack_if_possible_fn, &cbdata);
+
+	if (commit_packed_refs())
+		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
+
+	prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Rewrite the packed-refs file, omitting any refs listed in
+ * 'refnames'. On error, leave packed-refs unchanged, write an error
+ * message to 'err', and return a nonzero value.
+ *
+ * The refs in 'refnames' needn't be sorted. `err` must not be NULL.
+ */
+static int repack_without_refs(struct string_list *refnames, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	struct ref_dir *packed;
+	struct string_list_item *refname;
+	int ret, needs_repacking = 0, removed = 0;
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	/* Look for a packed ref */
+	for_each_string_list_item(refname, refnames) {
+		if (get_packed_ref(refname->string)) {
+			needs_repacking = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Avoid locking if we have nothing to do */
+	if (!needs_repacking)
+		return 0; /* no refname exists in packed refs */
+
+	if (lock_packed_refs(0)) {
+		unable_to_lock_message(git_path("packed-refs"), errno, err);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	packed = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+	/* Remove refnames from the cache */
+	for_each_string_list_item(refname, refnames)
+		if (remove_entry(packed, refname->string) != -1)
+			removed = 1;
+	if (!removed) {
+		/*
+		 * All packed entries disappeared while we were
+		 * acquiring the lock.
+		 */
+		rollback_packed_refs();
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Write what remains */
+	ret = commit_packed_refs();
+	if (ret)
+		strbuf_addf(err, "unable to overwrite old ref-pack file: %s",
+			    strerror(errno));
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int delete_ref_loose(struct ref_lock *lock, int flag, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	assert(err);
+
+	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		/*
+		 * loose.  The loose file name is the same as the
+		 * lockfile name, minus ".lock":
+		 */
+		char *loose_filename = get_locked_file_path(lock->lk);
+		int res = unlink_or_msg(loose_filename, err);
+		free(loose_filename);
+		if (res)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int delete_refs(struct string_list *refnames)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, result = 0;
+
+	if (!refnames->nr)
+		return 0;
+
+	result = repack_without_refs(refnames, &err);
+	if (result) {
+		/*
+		 * If we failed to rewrite the packed-refs file, then
+		 * it is unsafe to try to remove loose refs, because
+		 * doing so might expose an obsolete packed value for
+		 * a reference that might even point at an object that
+		 * has been garbage collected.
+		 */
+		if (refnames->nr == 1)
+			error(_("could not delete reference %s: %s"),
+			      refnames->items[0].string, err.buf);
+		else
+			error(_("could not delete references: %s"), err.buf);
+
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < refnames->nr; i++) {
+		const char *refname = refnames->items[i].string;
+
+		if (delete_ref(refname, NULL, 0))
+			result |= error(_("could not remove reference %s"), refname);
+	}
+
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * People using contrib's git-new-workdir have .git/logs/refs ->
+ * /some/other/path/.git/logs/refs, and that may live on another device.
+ *
+ * IOW, to avoid cross device rename errors, the temporary renamed log must
+ * live into logs/refs.
+ */
+#define TMP_RENAMED_LOG  "logs/refs/.tmp-renamed-log"
+
+static int rename_tmp_log(const char *newrefname)
+{
+	int attempts_remaining = 4;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+ retry:
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	strbuf_git_path(&path, "logs/%s", newrefname);
+	switch (safe_create_leading_directories_const(path.buf)) {
+	case SCLD_OK:
+		break; /* success */
+	case SCLD_VANISHED:
+		if (--attempts_remaining > 0)
+			goto retry;
+		/* fall through */
+	default:
+		error("unable to create directory for %s", newrefname);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (rename(git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG), path.buf)) {
+		if ((errno==EISDIR || errno==ENOTDIR) && --attempts_remaining > 0) {
+			/*
+			 * rename(a, b) when b is an existing
+			 * directory ought to result in ISDIR, but
+			 * Solaris 5.8 gives ENOTDIR.  Sheesh.
+			 */
+			if (remove_empty_directories(&path)) {
+				error("Directory not empty: logs/%s", newrefname);
+				goto out;
+			}
+			goto retry;
+		} else if (errno == ENOENT && --attempts_remaining > 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Maybe another process just deleted one of
+			 * the directories in the path to newrefname.
+			 * Try again from the beginning.
+			 */
+			goto retry;
+		} else {
+			error("unable to move logfile "TMP_RENAMED_LOG" to logs/%s: %s",
+				newrefname, strerror(errno));
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int verify_refname_available(const char *newname,
+			     struct string_list *extras,
+			     struct string_list *skip,
+			     struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	struct ref_dir *packed_refs = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+	struct ref_dir *loose_refs = get_loose_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (verify_refname_available_dir(newname, extras, skip,
+					 packed_refs, err) ||
+	    verify_refname_available_dir(newname, extras, skip,
+					 loose_refs, err))
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_ref_to_lockfile(struct ref_lock *lock,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *err);
+static int commit_ref_update(struct ref_lock *lock,
+			     const unsigned char *sha1, const char *logmsg,
+			     int flags, struct strbuf *err);
+
+int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logmsg)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20], orig_sha1[20];
+	int flag = 0, logmoved = 0;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	struct stat loginfo;
+	int log = !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), &loginfo);
+	const char *symref = NULL;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (log && S_ISLNK(loginfo.st_mode))
+		return error("reflog for %s is a symlink", oldrefname);
+
+	symref = resolve_ref_unsafe(oldrefname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+				    orig_sha1, &flag);
+	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		return error("refname %s is a symbolic ref, renaming it is not supported",
+			oldrefname);
+	if (!symref)
+		return error("refname %s not found", oldrefname);
+
+	if (!rename_ref_available(oldrefname, newrefname))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (log && rename(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG)))
+		return error("unable to move logfile logs/%s to "TMP_RENAMED_LOG": %s",
+			oldrefname, strerror(errno));
+
+	if (delete_ref(oldrefname, orig_sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
+		error("unable to delete old %s", oldrefname);
+		goto rollback;
+	}
+
+	if (!read_ref_full(newrefname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, NULL) &&
+	    delete_ref(newrefname, sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
+		if (errno==EISDIR) {
+			struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+			int result;
+
+			strbuf_git_path(&path, "%s", newrefname);
+			result = remove_empty_directories(&path);
+			strbuf_release(&path);
+
+			if (result) {
+				error("Directory not empty: %s", newrefname);
+				goto rollback;
+			}
+		} else {
+			error("unable to delete existing %s", newrefname);
+			goto rollback;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (log && rename_tmp_log(newrefname))
+		goto rollback;
+
+	logmoved = log;
+
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(newrefname, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, &err);
+	if (!lock) {
+		error("unable to rename '%s' to '%s': %s", oldrefname, newrefname, err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		goto rollback;
+	}
+	hashcpy(lock->old_oid.hash, orig_sha1);
+
+	if (write_ref_to_lockfile(lock, orig_sha1, &err) ||
+	    commit_ref_update(lock, orig_sha1, logmsg, 0, &err)) {
+		error("unable to write current sha1 into %s: %s", newrefname, err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		goto rollback;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+ rollback:
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(oldrefname, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, &err);
+	if (!lock) {
+		error("unable to lock %s for rollback: %s", oldrefname, err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		goto rollbacklog;
+	}
+
+	flag = log_all_ref_updates;
+	log_all_ref_updates = 0;
+	if (write_ref_to_lockfile(lock, orig_sha1, &err) ||
+	    commit_ref_update(lock, orig_sha1, NULL, 0, &err)) {
+		error("unable to write current sha1 into %s: %s", oldrefname, err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+	}
+	log_all_ref_updates = flag;
+
+ rollbacklog:
+	if (logmoved && rename(git_path("logs/%s", newrefname), git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname)))
+		error("unable to restore logfile %s from %s: %s",
+			oldrefname, newrefname, strerror(errno));
+	if (!logmoved && log &&
+	    rename(git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG), git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname)))
+		error("unable to restore logfile %s from "TMP_RENAMED_LOG": %s",
+			oldrefname, strerror(errno));
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+{
+	if (close_lock_file(lock->lk))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+{
+	if (commit_lock_file(lock->lk))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a reflog for a ref.  If force_create = 0, the reflog will
+ * only be created for certain refs (those for which
+ * should_autocreate_reflog returns non-zero.  Otherwise, create it
+ * regardless of the ref name.  Fill in *err and return -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int log_ref_setup(const char *refname, struct strbuf *logfile, struct strbuf *err, int force_create)
+{
+	int logfd, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
+
+	strbuf_git_path(logfile, "logs/%s", refname);
+	if (force_create || should_autocreate_reflog(refname)) {
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories(logfile->buf) < 0) {
+			strbuf_addf(err, "unable to create directory for %s: "
+				    "%s", logfile->buf, strerror(errno));
+			return -1;
+		}
+		oflags |= O_CREAT;
+	}
+
+	logfd = open(logfile->buf, oflags, 0666);
+	if (logfd < 0) {
+		if (!(oflags & O_CREAT) && (errno == ENOENT || errno == EISDIR))
+			return 0;
+
+		if (errno == EISDIR) {
+			if (remove_empty_directories(logfile)) {
+				strbuf_addf(err, "There are still logs under "
+					    "'%s'", logfile->buf);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			logfd = open(logfile->buf, oflags, 0666);
+		}
+
+		if (logfd < 0) {
+			strbuf_addf(err, "unable to append to %s: %s",
+				    logfile->buf, strerror(errno));
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	adjust_shared_perm(logfile->buf);
+	close(logfd);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int safe_create_reflog(const char *refname, int force_create, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	ret = log_ref_setup(refname, &sb, err, force_create);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int log_ref_write_fd(int fd, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			    const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			    const char *committer, const char *msg)
+{
+	int msglen, written;
+	unsigned maxlen, len;
+	char *logrec;
+
+	msglen = msg ? strlen(msg) : 0;
+	maxlen = strlen(committer) + msglen + 100;
+	logrec = xmalloc(maxlen);
+	len = xsnprintf(logrec, maxlen, "%s %s %s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(old_sha1),
+			sha1_to_hex(new_sha1),
+			committer);
+	if (msglen)
+		len += copy_reflog_msg(logrec + len - 1, msg) - 1;
+
+	written = len <= maxlen ? write_in_full(fd, logrec, len) : -1;
+	free(logrec);
+	if (written != len)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int log_ref_write_1(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *logfile, int flags,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	int logfd, result, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
+
+	if (log_all_ref_updates < 0)
+		log_all_ref_updates = !is_bare_repository();
+
+	result = log_ref_setup(refname, logfile, err, flags & REF_FORCE_CREATE_REFLOG);
+
+	if (result)
+		return result;
+
+	logfd = open(logfile->buf, oflags);
+	if (logfd < 0)
+		return 0;
+	result = log_ref_write_fd(logfd, old_sha1, new_sha1,
+				  git_committer_info(0), msg);
+	if (result) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, "unable to append to %s: %s", logfile->buf,
+			    strerror(errno));
+		close(logfd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (close(logfd)) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, "unable to append to %s: %s", logfile->buf,
+			    strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int log_ref_write(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			 const unsigned char *new_sha1, const char *msg,
+			 int flags, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	return files_log_ref_write(refname, old_sha1, new_sha1, msg, flags,
+				   err);
+}
+
+int files_log_ref_write(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			const unsigned char *new_sha1, const char *msg,
+			int flags, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = log_ref_write_1(refname, old_sha1, new_sha1, msg, &sb, flags,
+				  err);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write sha1 into the open lockfile, then close the lockfile. On
+ * errors, rollback the lockfile, fill in *err and
+ * return -1.
+ */
+static int write_ref_to_lockfile(struct ref_lock *lock,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	static char term = '\n';
+	struct object *o;
+	int fd;
+
+	o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!o) {
+		strbuf_addf(err,
+			    "Trying to write ref %s with nonexistent object %s",
+			    lock->ref_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT && is_branch(lock->ref_name)) {
+		strbuf_addf(err,
+			    "Trying to write non-commit object %s to branch %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(sha1), lock->ref_name);
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	fd = get_lock_file_fd(lock->lk);
+	if (write_in_full(fd, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40) != 40 ||
+	    write_in_full(fd, &term, 1) != 1 ||
+	    close_ref(lock) < 0) {
+		strbuf_addf(err,
+			    "Couldn't write %s", get_lock_file_path(lock->lk));
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Commit a change to a loose reference that has already been written
+ * to the loose reference lockfile. Also update the reflogs if
+ * necessary, using the specified lockmsg (which can be NULL).
+ */
+static int commit_ref_update(struct ref_lock *lock,
+			     const unsigned char *sha1, const char *logmsg,
+			     int flags, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	if (log_ref_write(lock->ref_name, lock->old_oid.hash, sha1, logmsg, flags, err) < 0 ||
+	    (strcmp(lock->ref_name, lock->orig_ref_name) &&
+	     log_ref_write(lock->orig_ref_name, lock->old_oid.hash, sha1, logmsg, flags, err) < 0)) {
+		char *old_msg = strbuf_detach(err, NULL);
+		strbuf_addf(err, "Cannot update the ref '%s': %s",
+			    lock->ref_name, old_msg);
+		free(old_msg);
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (strcmp(lock->orig_ref_name, "HEAD") != 0) {
+		/*
+		 * Special hack: If a branch is updated directly and HEAD
+		 * points to it (may happen on the remote side of a push
+		 * for example) then logically the HEAD reflog should be
+		 * updated too.
+		 * A generic solution implies reverse symref information,
+		 * but finding all symrefs pointing to the given branch
+		 * would be rather costly for this rare event (the direct
+		 * update of a branch) to be worth it.  So let's cheat and
+		 * check with HEAD only which should cover 99% of all usage
+		 * scenarios (even 100% of the default ones).
+		 */
+		unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+		int head_flag;
+		const char *head_ref;
+		head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					      head_sha1, &head_flag);
+		if (head_ref && (head_flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+		    !strcmp(head_ref, lock->ref_name)) {
+			struct strbuf log_err = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (log_ref_write("HEAD", lock->old_oid.hash, sha1,
+					  logmsg, 0, &log_err)) {
+				error("%s", log_err.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&log_err);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (commit_ref(lock)) {
+		error("Couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int create_ref_symlink(struct ref_lock *lock, const char *target)
+{
+	int ret = -1;
+#ifndef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
+	char *ref_path = get_locked_file_path(lock->lk);
+	unlink(ref_path);
+	ret = symlink(target, ref_path);
+	free(ref_path);
+
+	if (ret)
+		fprintf(stderr, "no symlink - falling back to symbolic ref\n");
+#endif
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void update_symref_reflog(struct ref_lock *lock, const char *refname,
+				 const char *target, const char *logmsg)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	if (logmsg && !read_ref(target, new_sha1) &&
+	    log_ref_write(refname, lock->old_oid.hash, new_sha1, logmsg, 0, &err)) {
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+	}
+}
+
+static int create_symref_locked(struct ref_lock *lock, const char *refname,
+				const char *target, const char *logmsg)
+{
+	if (prefer_symlink_refs && !create_ref_symlink(lock, target)) {
+		update_symref_reflog(lock, refname, target, logmsg);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!fdopen_lock_file(lock->lk, "w"))
+		return error("unable to fdopen %s: %s",
+			     lock->lk->tempfile.filename.buf, strerror(errno));
+
+	update_symref_reflog(lock, refname, target, logmsg);
+
+	/* no error check; commit_ref will check ferror */
+	fprintf(lock->lk->tempfile.fp, "ref: %s\n", target);
+	if (commit_ref(lock) < 0)
+		return error("unable to write symref for %s: %s", refname,
+			     strerror(errno));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int create_symref(const char *refname, const char *target, const char *logmsg)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	int ret;
+
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, NULL, NULL, NULL, REF_NODEREF, NULL,
+				   &err);
+	if (!lock) {
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = create_symref_locked(lock, refname, target, logmsg);
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int set_worktree_head_symref(const char *gitdir, const char *target)
+{
+	static struct lock_file head_lock;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	struct strbuf head_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *head_rel;
+	int ret;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&head_path, "%s/HEAD", absolute_path(gitdir));
+	if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&head_lock, head_path.buf,
+				      LOCK_NO_DEREF) < 0) {
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+		unable_to_lock_message(head_path.buf, errno, &err);
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		strbuf_release(&head_path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* head_rel will be "HEAD" for the main tree, "worktrees/wt/HEAD" for
+	   linked trees */
+	head_rel = remove_leading_path(head_path.buf,
+				       absolute_path(get_git_common_dir()));
+	/* to make use of create_symref_locked(), initialize ref_lock */
+	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_lock));
+	lock->lk = &head_lock;
+	lock->ref_name = xstrdup(head_rel);
+	lock->orig_ref_name = xstrdup(head_rel);
+
+	ret = create_symref_locked(lock, head_rel, target, NULL);
+
+	unlock_ref(lock); /* will free lock */
+	strbuf_release(&head_path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int reflog_exists(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	return !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", refname), &st) &&
+		S_ISREG(st.st_mode);
+}
+
+int delete_reflog(const char *refname)
+{
+	return remove_path(git_path("logs/%s", refname));
+}
+
+static int show_one_reflog_ent(struct strbuf *sb, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
+	char *email_end, *message;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+	int tz;
+
+	/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
+	if (sb->len < 83 || sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf, osha1) || sb->buf[40] != ' ' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf + 41, nsha1) || sb->buf[81] != ' ' ||
+	    !(email_end = strchr(sb->buf + 82, '>')) ||
+	    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
+	    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
+	    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
+	    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
+	    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
+	    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
+		return 0; /* corrupt? */
+	email_end[1] = '\0';
+	tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
+	if (message[6] != '\t')
+		message += 6;
+	else
+		message += 7;
+	return fn(osha1, nsha1, sb->buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message, cb_data);
+}
+
+static char *find_beginning_of_line(char *bob, char *scan)
+{
+	while (bob < scan && *(--scan) != '\n')
+		; /* keep scanning backwards */
+	/*
+	 * Return either beginning of the buffer, or LF at the end of
+	 * the previous line.
+	 */
+	return scan;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *logfp;
+	long pos;
+	int ret = 0, at_tail = 1;
+
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
+	if (!logfp)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Jump to the end */
+	if (fseek(logfp, 0, SEEK_END) < 0)
+		return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+			     refname, strerror(errno));
+	pos = ftell(logfp);
+	while (!ret && 0 < pos) {
+		int cnt;
+		size_t nread;
+		char buf[BUFSIZ];
+		char *endp, *scanp;
+
+		/* Fill next block from the end */
+		cnt = (sizeof(buf) < pos) ? sizeof(buf) : pos;
+		if (fseek(logfp, pos - cnt, SEEK_SET))
+			return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+				     refname, strerror(errno));
+		nread = fread(buf, cnt, 1, logfp);
+		if (nread != 1)
+			return error("cannot read %d bytes from reflog for %s: %s",
+				     cnt, refname, strerror(errno));
+		pos -= cnt;
+
+		scanp = endp = buf + cnt;
+		if (at_tail && scanp[-1] == '\n')
+			/* Looking at the final LF at the end of the file */
+			scanp--;
+		at_tail = 0;
+
+		while (buf < scanp) {
+			/*
+			 * terminating LF of the previous line, or the beginning
+			 * of the buffer.
+			 */
+			char *bp;
+
+			bp = find_beginning_of_line(buf, scanp);
+
+			if (*bp == '\n') {
+				/*
+				 * The newline is the end of the previous line,
+				 * so we know we have complete line starting
+				 * at (bp + 1). Prefix it onto any prior data
+				 * we collected for the line and process it.
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, bp + 1, endp - (bp + 1));
+				scanp = bp;
+				endp = bp + 1;
+				ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+				strbuf_reset(&sb);
+				if (ret)
+					break;
+			} else if (!pos) {
+				/*
+				 * We are at the start of the buffer, and the
+				 * start of the file; there is no previous
+				 * line, and we have everything for this one.
+				 * Process it, and we can end the loop.
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, buf, endp - buf);
+				ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+				strbuf_reset(&sb);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (bp == buf) {
+				/*
+				 * We are at the start of the buffer, and there
+				 * is more file to read backwards. Which means
+				 * we are in the middle of a line. Note that we
+				 * may get here even if *bp was a newline; that
+				 * just means we are at the exact end of the
+				 * previous line, rather than some spot in the
+				 * middle.
+				 *
+				 * Save away what we have to be combined with
+				 * the data from the next read.
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, buf, endp - buf);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+	if (!ret && sb.len)
+		die("BUG: reverse reflog parser had leftover data");
+
+	fclose(logfp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	FILE *logfp;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
+	if (!logfp)
+		return -1;
+
+	while (!ret && !strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n'))
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+	fclose(logfp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reflog in the namespace indicated by name.  name
+ * must be empty or end with '/'.  Name will be used as a scratch
+ * space, but its contents will be restored before return.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_reflog(struct strbuf *name, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	DIR *d = opendir(git_path("logs/%s", name->buf));
+	int retval = 0;
+	struct dirent *de;
+	int oldlen = name->len;
+
+	if (!d)
+		return name->len ? errno : 0;
+
+	while ((de = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+			continue;
+		if (ends_with(de->d_name, ".lock"))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_addstr(name, de->d_name);
+		if (stat(git_path("logs/%s", name->buf), &st) < 0) {
+			; /* silently ignore */
+		} else {
+			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+				strbuf_addch(name, '/');
+				retval = do_for_each_reflog(name, fn, cb_data);
+			} else {
+				struct object_id oid;
+
+				if (read_ref_full(name->buf, 0, oid.hash, NULL))
+					retval = error("bad ref for %s", name->buf);
+				else
+					retval = fn(name->buf, &oid, 0, cb_data);
+			}
+			if (retval)
+				break;
+		}
+		strbuf_setlen(name, oldlen);
+	}
+	closedir(d);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int retval;
+	struct strbuf name;
+	strbuf_init(&name, PATH_MAX);
+	retval = do_for_each_reflog(&name, fn, cb_data);
+	strbuf_release(&name);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int ref_update_reject_duplicates(struct string_list *refnames,
+					struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	int i, n = refnames->nr;
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(refnames->items[i - 1].string, refnames->items[i].string)) {
+			strbuf_addf(err,
+				    "Multiple updates for ref '%s' not allowed.",
+				    refnames->items[i].string);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ref_transaction_commit(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	int ret = 0, i;
+	int n = transaction->nr;
+	struct ref_update **updates = transaction->updates;
+	struct string_list refs_to_delete = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *ref_to_delete;
+	struct string_list affected_refnames = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	if (transaction->state != REF_TRANSACTION_OPEN)
+		die("BUG: commit called for transaction that is not open");
+
+	if (!n) {
+		transaction->state = REF_TRANSACTION_CLOSED;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Fail if a refname appears more than once in the transaction: */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		string_list_append(&affected_refnames, updates[i]->refname);
+	string_list_sort(&affected_refnames);
+	if (ref_update_reject_duplicates(&affected_refnames, err)) {
+		ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Acquire all locks, verify old values if provided, check
+	 * that new values are valid, and write new values to the
+	 * lockfiles, ready to be activated. Only keep one lockfile
+	 * open at a time to avoid running out of file descriptors.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct ref_update *update = updates[i];
+
+		if ((update->flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) &&
+		    is_null_sha1(update->new_sha1))
+			update->flags |= REF_DELETING;
+		update->lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(
+				update->refname,
+				((update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) ?
+				 update->old_sha1 : NULL),
+				&affected_refnames, NULL,
+				update->flags,
+				&update->type,
+				err);
+		if (!update->lock) {
+			char *reason;
+
+			ret = (errno == ENOTDIR)
+				? TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT
+				: TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+			reason = strbuf_detach(err, NULL);
+			strbuf_addf(err, "cannot lock ref '%s': %s",
+				    update->refname, reason);
+			free(reason);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+		if ((update->flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) &&
+		    !(update->flags & REF_DELETING)) {
+			int overwriting_symref = ((update->type & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+						  (update->flags & REF_NODEREF));
+
+			if (!overwriting_symref &&
+			    !hashcmp(update->lock->old_oid.hash, update->new_sha1)) {
+				/*
+				 * The reference already has the desired
+				 * value, so we don't need to write it.
+				 */
+			} else if (write_ref_to_lockfile(update->lock,
+							 update->new_sha1,
+							 err)) {
+				char *write_err = strbuf_detach(err, NULL);
+
+				/*
+				 * The lock was freed upon failure of
+				 * write_ref_to_lockfile():
+				 */
+				update->lock = NULL;
+				strbuf_addf(err,
+					    "cannot update the ref '%s': %s",
+					    update->refname, write_err);
+				free(write_err);
+				ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+				goto cleanup;
+			} else {
+				update->flags |= REF_NEEDS_COMMIT;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!(update->flags & REF_NEEDS_COMMIT)) {
+			/*
+			 * We didn't have to write anything to the lockfile.
+			 * Close it to free up the file descriptor:
+			 */
+			if (close_ref(update->lock)) {
+				strbuf_addf(err, "Couldn't close %s.lock",
+					    update->refname);
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Perform updates first so live commits remain referenced */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct ref_update *update = updates[i];
+
+		if (update->flags & REF_NEEDS_COMMIT) {
+			if (commit_ref_update(update->lock,
+					      update->new_sha1, update->msg,
+					      update->flags, err)) {
+				/* freed by commit_ref_update(): */
+				update->lock = NULL;
+				ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+				goto cleanup;
+			} else {
+				/* freed by commit_ref_update(): */
+				update->lock = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Perform deletes now that updates are safely completed */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct ref_update *update = updates[i];
+
+		if (update->flags & REF_DELETING) {
+			if (delete_ref_loose(update->lock, update->type, err)) {
+				ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+
+			if (!(update->flags & REF_ISPRUNING))
+				string_list_append(&refs_to_delete,
+						   update->lock->ref_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (repack_without_refs(&refs_to_delete, err)) {
+		ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+	for_each_string_list_item(ref_to_delete, &refs_to_delete)
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", ref_to_delete->string));
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+cleanup:
+	transaction->state = REF_TRANSACTION_CLOSED;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (updates[i]->lock)
+			unlock_ref(updates[i]->lock);
+	string_list_clear(&refs_to_delete, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&affected_refnames, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ref_present(const char *refname,
+		       const struct object_id *oid, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct string_list *affected_refnames = cb_data;
+
+	return string_list_has_string(affected_refnames, refname);
+}
+
+int initial_ref_transaction_commit(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				   struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	int ret = 0, i;
+	int n = transaction->nr;
+	struct ref_update **updates = transaction->updates;
+	struct string_list affected_refnames = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	if (transaction->state != REF_TRANSACTION_OPEN)
+		die("BUG: commit called for transaction that is not open");
+
+	/* Fail if a refname appears more than once in the transaction: */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		string_list_append(&affected_refnames, updates[i]->refname);
+	string_list_sort(&affected_refnames);
+	if (ref_update_reject_duplicates(&affected_refnames, err)) {
+		ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * It's really undefined to call this function in an active
+	 * repository or when there are existing references: we are
+	 * only locking and changing packed-refs, so (1) any
+	 * simultaneous processes might try to change a reference at
+	 * the same time we do, and (2) any existing loose versions of
+	 * the references that we are setting would have precedence
+	 * over our values. But some remote helpers create the remote
+	 * "HEAD" and "master" branches before calling this function,
+	 * so here we really only check that none of the references
+	 * that we are creating already exists.
+	 */
+	if (for_each_rawref(ref_present, &affected_refnames))
+		die("BUG: initial ref transaction called with existing refs");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct ref_update *update = updates[i];
+
+		if ((update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) &&
+		    !is_null_sha1(update->old_sha1))
+			die("BUG: initial ref transaction with old_sha1 set");
+		if (verify_refname_available(update->refname,
+					     &affected_refnames, NULL,
+					     err)) {
+			ret = TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (lock_packed_refs(0)) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, "unable to lock packed-refs file: %s",
+			    strerror(errno));
+		ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct ref_update *update = updates[i];
+
+		if ((update->flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) &&
+		    !is_null_sha1(update->new_sha1))
+			add_packed_ref(update->refname, update->new_sha1);
+	}
+
+	if (commit_packed_refs()) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, "unable to commit packed-refs file: %s",
+			    strerror(errno));
+		ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	transaction->state = REF_TRANSACTION_CLOSED;
+	string_list_clear(&affected_refnames, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct expire_reflog_cb {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn *should_prune_fn;
+	void *policy_cb;
+	FILE *newlog;
+	unsigned char last_kept_sha1[20];
+};
+
+static int expire_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+			     const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+			     const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct expire_reflog_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *policy_cb = cb->policy_cb;
+
+	if (cb->flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_REWRITE)
+		osha1 = cb->last_kept_sha1;
+
+	if ((*cb->should_prune_fn)(osha1, nsha1, email, timestamp, tz,
+				   message, policy_cb)) {
+		if (!cb->newlog)
+			printf("would prune %s", message);
+		else if (cb->flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
+			printf("prune %s", message);
+	} else {
+		if (cb->newlog) {
+			fprintf(cb->newlog, "%s %s %s %lu %+05d\t%s",
+				sha1_to_hex(osha1), sha1_to_hex(nsha1),
+				email, timestamp, tz, message);
+			hashcpy(cb->last_kept_sha1, nsha1);
+		}
+		if (cb->flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
+			printf("keep %s", message);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int reflog_expire(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		 unsigned int flags,
+		 reflog_expiry_prepare_fn prepare_fn,
+		 reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn should_prune_fn,
+		 reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn cleanup_fn,
+		 void *policy_cb_data)
+{
+	static struct lock_file reflog_lock;
+	struct expire_reflog_cb cb;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	char *log_file;
+	int status = 0;
+	int type;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+	cb.flags = flags;
+	cb.policy_cb = policy_cb_data;
+	cb.should_prune_fn = should_prune_fn;
+
+	/*
+	 * The reflog file is locked by holding the lock on the
+	 * reference itself, plus we might need to update the
+	 * reference if --updateref was specified:
+	 */
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, NULL, NULL, REF_NODEREF,
+				   &type, &err);
+	if (!lock) {
+		error("cannot lock ref '%s': %s", refname, err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!reflog_exists(refname)) {
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	log_file = git_pathdup("logs/%s", refname);
+	if (!(flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN)) {
+		/*
+		 * Even though holding $GIT_DIR/logs/$reflog.lock has
+		 * no locking implications, we use the lock_file
+		 * machinery here anyway because it does a lot of the
+		 * work we need, including cleaning up if the program
+		 * exits unexpectedly.
+		 */
+		if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&reflog_lock, log_file, 0) < 0) {
+			struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+			unable_to_lock_message(log_file, errno, &err);
+			error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&err);
+			goto failure;
+		}
+		cb.newlog = fdopen_lock_file(&reflog_lock, "w");
+		if (!cb.newlog) {
+			error("cannot fdopen %s (%s)",
+			      get_lock_file_path(&reflog_lock), strerror(errno));
+			goto failure;
+		}
+	}
+
+	(*prepare_fn)(refname, sha1, cb.policy_cb);
+	for_each_reflog_ent(refname, expire_reflog_ent, &cb);
+	(*cleanup_fn)(cb.policy_cb);
+
+	if (!(flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN)) {
+		/*
+		 * It doesn't make sense to adjust a reference pointed
+		 * to by a symbolic ref based on expiring entries in
+		 * the symbolic reference's reflog. Nor can we update
+		 * a reference if there are no remaining reflog
+		 * entries.
+		 */
+		int update = (flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF) &&
+			!(type & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+			!is_null_sha1(cb.last_kept_sha1);
+
+		if (close_lock_file(&reflog_lock)) {
+			status |= error("couldn't write %s: %s", log_file,
+					strerror(errno));
+		} else if (update &&
+			   (write_in_full(get_lock_file_fd(lock->lk),
+				sha1_to_hex(cb.last_kept_sha1), 40) != 40 ||
+			    write_str_in_full(get_lock_file_fd(lock->lk), "\n") != 1 ||
+			    close_ref(lock) < 0)) {
+			status |= error("couldn't write %s",
+					get_lock_file_path(lock->lk));
+			rollback_lock_file(&reflog_lock);
+		} else if (commit_lock_file(&reflog_lock)) {
+			status |= error("unable to write reflog '%s' (%s)",
+					log_file, strerror(errno));
+		} else if (update && commit_ref(lock)) {
+			status |= error("couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
+		}
+	}
+	free(log_file);
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return status;
+
+ failure:
+	rollback_lock_file(&reflog_lock);
+	free(log_file);
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/refs/refs-internal.h b/refs/refs-internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a4f634cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/refs/refs-internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#ifndef REFS_REFS_INTERNAL_H
+#define REFS_REFS_INTERNAL_H
+
+/*
+ * Data structures and functions for the internal use of the refs
+ * module. Code outside of the refs module should use only the public
+ * functions defined in "refs.h", and should *not* include this file.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Flag passed to lock_ref_sha1_basic() telling it to tolerate broken
+ * refs (i.e., because the reference is about to be deleted anyway).
+ */
+#define REF_DELETING	0x02
+
+/*
+ * Used as a flag in ref_update::flags when a loose ref is being
+ * pruned.
+ */
+#define REF_ISPRUNING	0x04
+
+/*
+ * Used as a flag in ref_update::flags when the reference should be
+ * updated to new_sha1.
+ */
+#define REF_HAVE_NEW	0x08
+
+/*
+ * Used as a flag in ref_update::flags when old_sha1 should be
+ * checked.
+ */
+#define REF_HAVE_OLD	0x10
+
+/*
+ * Used as a flag in ref_update::flags when the lockfile needs to be
+ * committed.
+ */
+#define REF_NEEDS_COMMIT 0x20
+
+/*
+ * 0x40 is REF_FORCE_CREATE_REFLOG, so skip it if you're adding a
+ * value to ref_update::flags
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff refname is minimally safe. "Safe" here means that
+ * deleting a loose reference by this name will not do any damage, for
+ * example by causing a file that is not a reference to be deleted.
+ * This function does not check that the reference name is legal; for
+ * that, use check_refname_format().
+ *
+ * We consider a refname that starts with "refs/" to be safe as long
+ * as any ".." components that it might contain do not escape "refs/".
+ * Names that do not start with "refs/" are considered safe iff they
+ * consist entirely of upper case characters and '_' (like "HEAD" and
+ * "MERGE_HEAD" but not "config" or "FOO/BAR").
+ */
+int refname_is_safe(const char *refname);
+
+enum peel_status {
+	/* object was peeled successfully: */
+	PEEL_PEELED = 0,
+
+	/*
+	 * object cannot be peeled because the named object (or an
+	 * object referred to by a tag in the peel chain), does not
+	 * exist.
+	 */
+	PEEL_INVALID = -1,
+
+	/* object cannot be peeled because it is not a tag: */
+	PEEL_NON_TAG = -2,
+
+	/* ref_entry contains no peeled value because it is a symref: */
+	PEEL_IS_SYMREF = -3,
+
+	/*
+	 * ref_entry cannot be peeled because it is broken (i.e., the
+	 * symbolic reference cannot even be resolved to an object
+	 * name):
+	 */
+	PEEL_BROKEN = -4
+};
+
+/*
+ * Peel the named object; i.e., if the object is a tag, resolve the
+ * tag recursively until a non-tag is found.  If successful, store the
+ * result to sha1 and return PEEL_PEELED.  If the object is not a tag
+ * or is not valid, return PEEL_NON_TAG or PEEL_INVALID, respectively,
+ * and leave sha1 unchanged.
+ */
+enum peel_status peel_object(const unsigned char *name, unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return 0 if a reference named refname could be created without
+ * conflicting with the name of an existing reference. Otherwise,
+ * return a negative value and write an explanation to err. If extras
+ * is non-NULL, it is a list of additional refnames with which refname
+ * is not allowed to conflict. If skip is non-NULL, ignore potential
+ * conflicts with refs in skip (e.g., because they are scheduled for
+ * deletion in the same operation). Behavior is undefined if the same
+ * name is listed in both extras and skip.
+ *
+ * Two reference names conflict if one of them exactly matches the
+ * leading components of the other; e.g., "foo/bar" conflicts with
+ * both "foo" and with "foo/bar/baz" but not with "foo/bar" or
+ * "foo/barbados".
+ *
+ * extras and skip must be sorted.
+ */
+int verify_refname_available(const char *newname,
+			     struct string_list *extras,
+			     struct string_list *skip,
+			     struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Copy the reflog message msg to buf, which has been allocated sufficiently
+ * large, while cleaning up the whitespaces.  Especially, convert LF to space,
+ * because reflog file is one line per entry.
+ */
+int copy_reflog_msg(char *buf, const char *msg);
+
+int should_autocreate_reflog(const char *refname);
+
+/**
+ * Information needed for a single ref update. Set new_sha1 to the new
+ * value or to null_sha1 to delete the ref. To check the old value
+ * while the ref is locked, set (flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) and set
+ * old_sha1 to the old value, or to null_sha1 to ensure the ref does
+ * not exist before update.
+ */
+struct ref_update {
+	/*
+	 * If (flags & REF_HAVE_NEW), set the reference to this value:
+	 */
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	/*
+	 * If (flags & REF_HAVE_OLD), check that the reference
+	 * previously had this value:
+	 */
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	/*
+	 * One or more of REF_HAVE_NEW, REF_HAVE_OLD, REF_NODEREF,
+	 * REF_DELETING, and REF_ISPRUNING:
+	 */
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	int type;
+	char *msg;
+	const char refname[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Transaction states.
+ * OPEN:   The transaction is in a valid state and can accept new updates.
+ *         An OPEN transaction can be committed.
+ * CLOSED: A closed transaction is no longer active and no other operations
+ *         than free can be used on it in this state.
+ *         A transaction can either become closed by successfully committing
+ *         an active transaction or if there is a failure while building
+ *         the transaction thus rendering it failed/inactive.
+ */
+enum ref_transaction_state {
+	REF_TRANSACTION_OPEN   = 0,
+	REF_TRANSACTION_CLOSED = 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * Data structure for holding a reference transaction, which can
+ * consist of checks and updates to multiple references, carried out
+ * as atomically as possible.  This structure is opaque to callers.
+ */
+struct ref_transaction {
+	struct ref_update **updates;
+	size_t alloc;
+	size_t nr;
+	enum ref_transaction_state state;
+};
+
+int files_log_ref_write(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			const unsigned char *new_sha1, const char *msg,
+			int flags, struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Check for entries in extras that are within the specified
+ * directory, where dirname is a reference directory name including
+ * the trailing slash (e.g., "refs/heads/foo/"). Ignore any
+ * conflicting references that are found in skip. If there is a
+ * conflicting reference, return its name.
+ *
+ * extras and skip must be sorted lists of reference names. Either one
+ * can be NULL, signifying the empty list.
+ */
+const char *find_descendant_ref(const char *dirname,
+				const struct string_list *extras,
+				const struct string_list *skip);
+
+int rename_ref_available(const char *oldname, const char *newname);
+
+/* We allow "recursive" symbolic refs. Only within reason, though */
+#define SYMREF_MAXDEPTH 5
+
+/* Include broken references in a do_for_each_ref*() iteration: */
+#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 0x01
+
+/*
+ * The common backend for the for_each_*ref* functions
+ */
+int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *base,
+		    each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data);
+
+int read_raw_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
+		 struct strbuf *symref, unsigned int *flags);
+
+#endif /* REFS_REFS_INTERNAL_H */
diff --git a/remote-curl.c b/remote-curl.c
index 48c20b86f3..672b382e5a 100644
--- a/remote-curl.c
+++ b/remote-curl.c
@@ -6,20 +6,32 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "credential.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "send-pack.h"
 
 static struct remote *remote;
-static const char *url; /* always ends with a trailing slash */
+/* always ends with a trailing slash */
+static struct strbuf url = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 struct options {
 	int verbosity;
 	unsigned long depth;
 	unsigned progress : 1,
+		check_self_contained_and_connected : 1,
+		cloning : 1,
+		update_shallow : 1,
 		followtags : 1,
 		dry_run : 1,
-		thin : 1;
+		thin : 1,
+		/* One of the SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_* constants. */
+		push_cert : 2;
 };
 static struct options options;
+static struct string_list cas_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 static int set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
@@ -66,7 +78,61 @@ static int set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
 			return -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
-	else {
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "check-connectivity")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "cas")) {
+		struct strbuf val = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&val, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME "=%s", value);
+		string_list_append(&cas_options, val.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&val);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, "cloning")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.cloning = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.cloning = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, "update-shallow")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.update_shallow = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.update_shallow = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, "pushcert")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "if-asked"))
+			options.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a08
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, "family")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "ipv4"))
+			git_curl_ipresolve = CURL_IPRESOLVE_V4;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "ipv6"))
+			git_curl_ipresolve = CURL_IPRESOLVE_V6;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "all"))
+			git_curl_ipresolve = CURL_IPRESOLVE_WHATEVER;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+#endif /* LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a08 */
+	} else {
 		return 1 /* unsupported */;
 	}
 }
@@ -76,67 +142,156 @@ struct discovery {
 	char *buf_alloc;
 	char *buf;
 	size_t len;
+	struct ref *refs;
+	struct sha1_array shallow;
 	unsigned proto_git : 1;
 };
 static struct discovery *last_discovery;
 
+static struct ref *parse_git_refs(struct discovery *heads, int for_push)
+{
+	struct ref *list = NULL;
+	get_remote_heads(-1, heads->buf, heads->len, &list,
+			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL, &heads->shallow);
+	return list;
+}
+
+static struct ref *parse_info_refs(struct discovery *heads)
+{
+	char *data, *start, *mid;
+	char *ref_name;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	struct ref *refs = NULL;
+	struct ref *ref = NULL;
+	struct ref *last_ref = NULL;
+
+	data = heads->buf;
+	start = NULL;
+	mid = data;
+	while (i < heads->len) {
+		if (!start) {
+			start = &data[i];
+		}
+		if (data[i] == '\t')
+			mid = &data[i];
+		if (data[i] == '\n') {
+			if (mid - start != 40)
+				die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?",
+				    url.buf);
+			data[i] = 0;
+			ref_name = mid + 1;
+			ref = alloc_ref(ref_name);
+			get_oid_hex(start, &ref->old_oid);
+			if (!refs)
+				refs = ref;
+			if (last_ref)
+				last_ref->next = ref;
+			last_ref = ref;
+			start = NULL;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	ref = alloc_ref("HEAD");
+	if (!http_fetch_ref(url.buf, ref) &&
+	    !resolve_remote_symref(ref, refs)) {
+		ref->next = refs;
+		refs = ref;
+	} else {
+		free(ref);
+	}
+
+	return refs;
+}
+
 static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
 {
 	if (d) {
 		if (d == last_discovery)
 			last_discovery = NULL;
+		free(d->shallow.sha1);
 		free(d->buf_alloc);
+		free_refs(d->refs);
 		free(d);
 	}
 }
 
-static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
+static int show_http_message(struct strbuf *type, struct strbuf *charset,
+			     struct strbuf *msg)
 {
+	const char *p, *eol;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only show text/plain parts, as other types are likely
+	 * to be ugly to look at on the user's terminal.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(type->buf, "text/plain"))
+		return -1;
+	if (charset->len)
+		strbuf_reencode(msg, charset->buf, get_log_output_encoding());
+
+	strbuf_trim(msg);
+	if (!msg->len)
+		return -1;
+
+	p = msg->buf;
+	do {
+		eol = strchrnul(p, '\n');
+		fprintf(stderr, "remote: %.*s\n", (int)(eol - p), p);
+		p = eol + 1;
+	} while(*eol);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct discovery *discover_refs(const char *service, int for_push)
+{
+	struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf type = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf charset = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf refs_url = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf effective_url = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
-	char *refs_url;
-	int http_ret, is_http = 0, proto_git_candidate = 1;
+	int http_ret, maybe_smart = 0;
+	struct http_get_options options;
 
 	if (last && !strcmp(service, last->service))
 		return last;
 	free_discovery(last);
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%sinfo/refs", url);
-	if (!prefixcmp(url, "http://") || !prefixcmp(url, "https://")) {
-		is_http = 1;
-		if (!strchr(url, '?'))
-			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '?');
+	strbuf_addf(&refs_url, "%sinfo/refs", url.buf);
+	if ((starts_with(url.buf, "http://") || starts_with(url.buf, "https://")) &&
+	     git_env_bool("GIT_SMART_HTTP", 1)) {
+		maybe_smart = 1;
+		if (!strchr(url.buf, '?'))
+			strbuf_addch(&refs_url, '?');
 		else
-			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '&');
-		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "service=%s", service);
+			strbuf_addch(&refs_url, '&');
+		strbuf_addf(&refs_url, "service=%s", service);
 	}
-	refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
 
-	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
-
-	/* try again with "plain" url (no ? or & appended) */
-	if (http_ret != HTTP_OK && http_ret != HTTP_NOAUTH) {
-		free(refs_url);
-		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-
-		proto_git_candidate = 0;
-		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%sinfo/refs", url);
-		refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
-
-		http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
-	}
+	memset(&options, 0, sizeof(options));
+	options.content_type = &type;
+	options.charset = &charset;
+	options.effective_url = &effective_url;
+	options.base_url = &url;
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+	options.keep_error = 1;
 
+	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url.buf, &buffer, &options);
 	switch (http_ret) {
 	case HTTP_OK:
 		break;
 	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
-		die("%s not found: did you run git update-server-info on the"
-		    " server?", refs_url);
+		show_http_message(&type, &charset, &buffer);
+		die("repository '%s' not found", url.buf);
 	case HTTP_NOAUTH:
-		die("Authentication failed");
+		show_http_message(&type, &charset, &buffer);
+		die("Authentication failed for '%s'", url.buf);
 	default:
-		http_error(refs_url, http_ret);
-		die("HTTP request failed");
+		show_http_message(&type, &charset, &buffer);
+		die("unable to access '%s': %s", url.buf, curl_errorstr);
 	}
 
 	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
@@ -144,133 +299,59 @@ static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
 	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
 	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
 
-	if (is_http && proto_git_candidate
-		&& 5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') {
-		/* smart HTTP response; validate that the service
+	strbuf_addf(&exp, "application/x-%s-advertisement", service);
+	if (maybe_smart &&
+	    (5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') &&
+	    !strbuf_cmp(&exp, &type)) {
+		char *line;
+
+		/*
+		 * smart HTTP response; validate that the service
 		 * pkt-line matches our request.
 		 */
-		struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-		if (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) <= 0)
-			die("%s has invalid packet header", refs_url);
-		if (buffer.len && buffer.buf[buffer.len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(&buffer, buffer.len - 1);
+		line = packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL);
 
+		strbuf_reset(&exp);
 		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
-		if (strbuf_cmp(&exp, &buffer))
-			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", buffer.buf);
+		if (strcmp(line, exp.buf))
+			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", line);
 		strbuf_release(&exp);
 
 		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
 		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
 		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
 		 */
-		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-		while (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) > 0)
-			strbuf_reset(&buffer);
+		while (packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL))
+			;
 
 		last->proto_git = 1;
 	}
 
-	free(refs_url);
+	if (last->proto_git)
+		last->refs = parse_git_refs(last, for_push);
+	else
+		last->refs = parse_info_refs(last);
+
+	strbuf_release(&refs_url);
+	strbuf_release(&exp);
+	strbuf_release(&type);
+	strbuf_release(&charset);
+	strbuf_release(&effective_url);
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
 	last_discovery = last;
 	return last;
 }
 
-static int write_discovery(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	struct discovery *heads = data;
-	int err = 0;
-	if (write_in_full(out, heads->buf, heads->len) != heads->len)
-		err = 1;
-	close(out);
-	return err;
-}
-
-static struct ref *parse_git_refs(struct discovery *heads, int for_push)
-{
-	struct ref *list = NULL;
-	struct async async;
-
-	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
-	async.proc = write_discovery;
-	async.data = heads;
-	async.out = -1;
-
-	if (start_async(&async))
-		die("cannot start thread to parse advertised refs");
-	get_remote_heads(async.out, &list,
-			for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL);
-	close(async.out);
-	if (finish_async(&async))
-		die("ref parsing thread failed");
-	return list;
-}
-
-static struct ref *parse_info_refs(struct discovery *heads)
-{
-	char *data, *start, *mid;
-	char *ref_name;
-	int i = 0;
-
-	struct ref *refs = NULL;
-	struct ref *ref = NULL;
-	struct ref *last_ref = NULL;
-
-	data = heads->buf;
-	start = NULL;
-	mid = data;
-	while (i < heads->len) {
-		if (!start) {
-			start = &data[i];
-		}
-		if (data[i] == '\t')
-			mid = &data[i];
-		if (data[i] == '\n') {
-			if (mid - start != 40)
-				die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?", url);
-			data[i] = 0;
-			ref_name = mid + 1;
-			ref = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) +
-				      strlen(ref_name) + 1);
-			memset(ref, 0, sizeof(struct ref));
-			strcpy(ref->name, ref_name);
-			get_sha1_hex(start, ref->old_sha1);
-			if (!refs)
-				refs = ref;
-			if (last_ref)
-				last_ref->next = ref;
-			last_ref = ref;
-			start = NULL;
-		}
-		i++;
-	}
-
-	ref = alloc_ref("HEAD");
-	if (!http_fetch_ref(url, ref) &&
-	    !resolve_remote_symref(ref, refs)) {
-		ref->next = refs;
-		refs = ref;
-	} else {
-		free(ref);
-	}
-
-	return refs;
-}
-
 static struct ref *get_refs(int for_push)
 {
 	struct discovery *heads;
 
 	if (for_push)
-		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", for_push);
 	else
-		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", for_push);
 
-	if (heads->proto_git)
-		return parse_git_refs(heads, for_push);
-	return parse_info_refs(heads);
+	return heads->refs;
 }
 
 static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
@@ -280,16 +361,16 @@ static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
 		if (posn->symref)
 			printf("@%s %s\n", posn->symref, posn->name);
 		else
-			printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(posn->old_sha1), posn->name);
+			printf("%s %s\n", oid_to_hex(&posn->old_oid), posn->name);
 	}
 	printf("\n");
 	fflush(stdout);
-	free_refs(refs);
 }
 
 struct rpc_state {
 	const char *service_name;
 	const char **argv;
+	struct strbuf *stdin_preamble;
 	char *service_url;
 	char *hdr_content_type;
 	char *hdr_accept;
@@ -313,7 +394,7 @@ static size_t rpc_out(void *ptr, size_t eltsize,
 
 	if (!avail) {
 		rpc->initial_buffer = 0;
-		avail = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		avail = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!avail)
 			return 0;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -341,7 +422,7 @@ static curlioerr rpc_ioctl(CURL *handle, int cmd, void *clientp)
 			rpc->pos = 0;
 			return CURLIOE_OK;
 		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to rewind rpc post data - try increasing http.postBuffer\n");
+		error("unable to rewind rpc post data - try increasing http.postBuffer");
 		return CURLIOE_FAILRESTART;
 
 	default:
@@ -359,27 +440,41 @@ static size_t rpc_in(char *ptr, size_t eltsize,
 	return size;
 }
 
-static int run_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+static int run_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot,
+		    struct slot_results *results)
 {
-	int err = 0;
-	struct slot_results results;
-
-	slot->results = &results;
-	slot->curl_result = curl_easy_perform(slot->curl);
-	finish_active_slot(slot);
-
-	if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
-		err |= error("RPC failed; result=%d, HTTP code = %ld",
-			results.curl_result, results.http_code);
+	int err;
+	struct slot_results results_buf;
+
+	if (!results)
+		results = &results_buf;
+
+	err = run_one_slot(slot, results);
+
+	if (err != HTTP_OK && err != HTTP_REAUTH) {
+		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (results->http_code && results->http_code != 200)
+			strbuf_addf(&msg, "HTTP %ld", results->http_code);
+		if (results->curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+			if (msg.len)
+				strbuf_addch(&msg, ' ');
+			strbuf_addf(&msg, "curl %d", results->curl_result);
+			if (curl_errorstr[0]) {
+				strbuf_addch(&msg, ' ');
+				strbuf_addstr(&msg, curl_errorstr);
+			}
+		}
+		error("RPC failed; %s", msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&msg);
 	}
 
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
+static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct slot_results *results)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
-	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *headers = http_copy_default_headers();
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int err;
 
@@ -391,14 +486,14 @@ static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, rpc->service_url);
-	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "");
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, NULL);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "0000");
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, 4);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_buffer);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, &buf);
 
-	err = run_slot(slot);
+	err = run_slot(slot, results);
 
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -408,10 +503,12 @@ static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
-	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *headers = http_copy_default_headers();
 	int use_gzip = rpc->gzip_request;
 	char *gzip_body = NULL;
+	size_t gzip_size = 0;
 	int err, large_request = 0;
+	int needs_100_continue = 0;
 
 	/* Try to load the entire request, if we can fit it into the
 	 * allocated buffer space we can use HTTP/1.0 and avoid the
@@ -428,28 +525,39 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, buf, left);
+		n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, buf, left, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->len += n;
 	}
 
 	if (large_request) {
-		err = probe_rpc(rpc);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
+		struct slot_results results;
+
+		do {
+			err = probe_rpc(rpc, &results);
+			if (err == HTTP_REAUTH)
+				credential_fill(&http_auth);
+		} while (err == HTTP_REAUTH);
+		if (err != HTTP_OK)
+			return -1;
+
+		if (results.auth_avail & CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE)
+			needs_100_continue = 1;
 	}
 
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, needs_100_continue ?
+		"Expect: 100-continue" : "Expect:");
+
+retry:
 	slot = get_active_slot();
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, rpc->service_url);
-	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "");
-
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Expect:");
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
 
 	if (large_request) {
 		/* The request body is large and the size cannot be predicted.
@@ -468,24 +576,31 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 
+	} else if (gzip_body) {
+		/*
+		 * If we are looping to retry authentication, then the previous
+		 * run will have set up the headers and gzip buffer already,
+		 * and we just need to send it.
+		 */
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, gzip_size);
+
 	} else if (use_gzip && 1024 < rpc->len) {
 		/* The client backend isn't giving us compressed data so
 		 * we can try to deflate it ourselves, this may save on.
 		 * the transfer time.
 		 */
-		size_t size;
 		git_zstream stream;
 		int ret;
 
-		memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 		git_deflate_init_gzip(&stream, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);
-		size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, rpc->len);
-		gzip_body = xmalloc(size);
+		gzip_size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, rpc->len);
+		gzip_body = xmalloc(gzip_size);
 
 		stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)rpc->buf;
 		stream.avail_in = rpc->len;
 		stream.next_out = (unsigned char *)gzip_body;
-		stream.avail_out = size;
+		stream.avail_out = gzip_size;
 
 		ret = git_deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
 		if (ret != Z_STREAM_END)
@@ -495,16 +610,16 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 		if (ret != Z_OK)
 			die("cannot deflate request; zlib end error %d", ret);
 
-		size = stream.total_out;
+		gzip_size = stream.total_out;
 
 		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Content-Encoding: gzip");
 		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
-		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, size);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, gzip_size);
 
 		if (options.verbosity > 1) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "POST %s (gzip %lu to %lu bytes)\n",
 				rpc->service_name,
-				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)size);
+				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)gzip_size);
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -524,7 +639,13 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, rpc_in);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, rpc);
 
-	err = run_slot(slot);
+	err = run_slot(slot, NULL);
+	if (err == HTTP_REAUTH && !large_request) {
+		credential_fill(&http_auth);
+		goto retry;
+	}
+	if (err != HTTP_OK)
+		err = -1;
 
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	free(gzip_body);
@@ -535,16 +656,18 @@ static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
 {
 	const char *svc = rpc->service_name;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct child_process client;
+	struct strbuf *preamble = rpc->stdin_preamble;
+	struct child_process client = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	memset(&client, 0, sizeof(client));
 	client.in = -1;
 	client.out = -1;
 	client.git_cmd = 1;
 	client.argv = rpc->argv;
 	if (start_command(&client))
 		exit(1);
+	if (preamble)
+		write_or_die(client.in, preamble->buf, preamble->len);
 	if (heads)
 		write_or_die(client.in, heads->buf, heads->len);
 
@@ -554,7 +677,7 @@ static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
 	rpc->out = client.out;
 	strbuf_init(&rpc->result, 0);
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", url, svc);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", url.buf, svc);
 	rpc->service_url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Content-Type: application/x-%s-request", svc);
@@ -564,7 +687,7 @@ static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
 	rpc->hdr_accept = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 	while (!err) {
-		int n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		int n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -598,15 +721,16 @@ static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
 static int fetch_dumb(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
 	struct walker *walker;
-	char **targets = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(char*));
+	char **targets;
 	int ret, i;
 
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(targets, nr_heads);
 	if (options.depth)
 		die("dumb http transport does not support --depth");
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		targets[i] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(to_fetch[i]->old_sha1));
+		targets[i] = xstrdup(oid_to_hex(&to_fetch[i]->old_oid));
 
-	walker = get_http_walker(url);
+	walker = get_http_walker(url.buf);
 	walker->get_all = 1;
 	walker->get_tree = 1;
 	walker->get_history = 1;
@@ -619,20 +743,21 @@ static int fetch_dumb(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 		free(targets[i]);
 	free(targets);
 
-	return ret ? error("Fetch failed.") : 0;
+	return ret ? error("fetch failed.") : 0;
 }
 
 static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 	int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
 	struct rpc_state rpc;
+	struct strbuf preamble = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *depth_arg = NULL;
-	const char **argv;
 	int argc = 0, i, err;
+	const char *argv[17];
 
-	argv = xmalloc((15 + nr_heads) * sizeof(char*));
 	argv[argc++] = "fetch-pack";
 	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
+	argv[argc++] = "--stdin";
 	argv[argc++] = "--lock-pack";
 	if (options.followtags)
 		argv[argc++] = "--include-tag";
@@ -642,6 +767,12 @@ static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 		argv[argc++] = "-v";
 		argv[argc++] = "-v";
 	}
+	if (options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
+		argv[argc++] = "--check-self-contained-and-connected";
+	if (options.cloning)
+		argv[argc++] = "--cloning";
+	if (options.update_shallow)
+		argv[argc++] = "--update-shallow";
 	if (!options.progress)
 		argv[argc++] = "--no-progress";
 	if (options.depth) {
@@ -650,32 +781,36 @@ static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 		depth_arg = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 		argv[argc++] = depth_arg;
 	}
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+	argv[argc++] = url.buf;
+	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
 		struct ref *ref = to_fetch[i];
-		if (!ref->name || !*ref->name)
+		if (!*ref->name)
 			die("cannot fetch by sha1 over smart http");
-		argv[argc++] = ref->name;
+		packet_buf_write(&preamble, "%s %s\n",
+				 oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid), ref->name);
 	}
-	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+	packet_buf_flush(&preamble);
 
 	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
 	rpc.service_name = "git-upload-pack",
 	rpc.argv = argv;
+	rpc.stdin_preamble = &preamble;
 	rpc.gzip_request = 1;
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
-	free(argv);
+	strbuf_release(&preamble);
 	free(depth_arg);
 	return err;
 }
 
 static int fetch(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
-	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", 0);
 	if (d->proto_git)
 		return fetch_git(d, nr_heads, to_fetch);
 	else
@@ -690,23 +825,23 @@ static void parse_fetch(struct strbuf *buf)
 	int alloc_heads = 0, nr_heads = 0;
 
 	do {
-		if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "fetch ")) {
-			char *p = buf->buf + strlen("fetch ");
-			char *name;
+		const char *p;
+		if (skip_prefix(buf->buf, "fetch ", &p)) {
+			const char *name;
 			struct ref *ref;
-			unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+			struct object_id old_oid;
 
-			if (strlen(p) < 40 || get_sha1_hex(p, old_sha1))
+			if (get_oid_hex(p, &old_oid))
 				die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got %s'", p);
-			if (p[40] == ' ')
-				name = p + 41;
-			else if (!p[40])
+			if (p[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ] == ' ')
+				name = p + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1;
+			else if (!p[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ])
 				name = "";
 			else
 				die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got %s'", p);
 
 			ref = alloc_ref(name);
-			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+			oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &old_oid);
 
 			*list = ref;
 			list = &ref->next;
@@ -718,7 +853,7 @@ static void parse_fetch(struct strbuf *buf)
 			die("http transport does not support %s", buf->buf);
 
 		strbuf_reset(buf);
-		if (strbuf_getline(buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(buf, stdin) == EOF)
 			return;
 		if (!*buf->buf)
 			break;
@@ -736,62 +871,76 @@ static void parse_fetch(struct strbuf *buf)
 
 static int push_dav(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
-	const char **argv = xmalloc((10 + nr_spec) * sizeof(char*));
-	int argc = 0, i;
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	size_t i;
 
-	argv[argc++] = "http-push";
-	argv[argc++] = "--helper-status";
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	argv_array_push(&child.args, "http-push");
+	argv_array_push(&child.args, "--helper-status");
 	if (options.dry_run)
-		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
+		argv_array_push(&child.args, "--dry-run");
 	if (options.verbosity > 1)
-		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+		argv_array_push(&child.args, "--verbose");
+	argv_array_push(&child.args, url.buf);
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
-		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
-	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&child.args, specs[i]);
 
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		die("git-%s failed", argv[0]);
-	free(argv);
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		die("git-http-push failed");
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int push_git(struct discovery *heads, int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
 	struct rpc_state rpc;
-	const char **argv;
-	int argc = 0, i, err;
+	int i, err;
+	struct argv_array args;
+	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
+	struct strbuf preamble = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	argv_array_init(&args);
+	argv_array_pushl(&args, "send-pack", "--stateless-rpc", "--helper-status",
+			 NULL);
 
-	argv = xmalloc((10 + nr_spec) * sizeof(char*));
-	argv[argc++] = "send-pack";
-	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
-	argv[argc++] = "--helper-status";
 	if (options.thin)
-		argv[argc++] = "--thin";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--thin");
 	if (options.dry_run)
-		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
-	if (options.verbosity > 1)
-		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--dry-run");
+	if (options.push_cert == SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--signed=yes");
+	else if (options.push_cert == SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--signed=if-asked");
+	if (options.verbosity == 0)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--quiet");
+	else if (options.verbosity > 1)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--verbose");
+	argv_array_push(&args, options.progress ? "--progress" : "--no-progress");
+	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
+		argv_array_push(&args, cas_option->string);
+	argv_array_push(&args, url.buf);
+
+	argv_array_push(&args, "--stdin");
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
-		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
-	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+		packet_buf_write(&preamble, "%s\n", specs[i]);
+	packet_buf_flush(&preamble);
 
 	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
 	rpc.service_name = "git-receive-pack",
-	rpc.argv = argv;
+	rpc.argv = args.argv;
+	rpc.stdin_preamble = &preamble;
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
-	free(argv);
+	strbuf_release(&preamble);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
 	return err;
 }
 
 static int push(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
-	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", 1);
 	int ret;
 
 	if (heads->proto_git)
@@ -805,10 +954,10 @@ static int push(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 static void parse_push(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	char **specs = NULL;
-	int alloc_spec = 0, nr_spec = 0, i;
+	int alloc_spec = 0, nr_spec = 0, i, ret;
 
 	do {
-		if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "push ")) {
+		if (starts_with(buf->buf, "push ")) {
 			ALLOC_GROW(specs, nr_spec + 1, alloc_spec);
 			specs[nr_spec++] = xstrdup(buf->buf + 5);
 		}
@@ -816,18 +965,19 @@ static void parse_push(struct strbuf *buf)
 			die("http transport does not support %s", buf->buf);
 
 		strbuf_reset(buf);
-		if (strbuf_getline(buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(buf, stdin) == EOF)
 			goto free_specs;
 		if (!*buf->buf)
 			break;
 	} while (1);
 
-	if (push(nr_spec, specs))
-		exit(128); /* error already reported */
-
+	ret = push(nr_spec, specs);
 	printf("\n");
 	fflush(stdout);
 
+	if (ret)
+		exit(128); /* error already reported */
+
  free_specs:
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
 		free(specs[i]);
@@ -839,10 +989,12 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int nongit;
 
+	git_setup_gettext();
+
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 	if (argc < 2) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Remote needed\n");
+		error("remote-curl: usage: git remote-curl <remote> [<url>]");
 		return 1;
 	}
 
@@ -853,40 +1005,37 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
 
 	if (argc > 2) {
-		end_url_with_slash(&buf, argv[2]);
+		end_url_with_slash(&url, argv[2]);
 	} else {
-		end_url_with_slash(&buf, remote->url[0]);
+		end_url_with_slash(&url, remote->url[0]);
 	}
 
-	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-
-	http_init(remote, url, 0);
+	http_init(remote, url.buf, 0);
 
 	do {
-		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF) {
+		const char *arg;
+
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, stdin) == EOF) {
 			if (ferror(stdin))
-				fprintf(stderr, "Error reading command stream\n");
-			else
-				fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected end of command stream\n");
+				error("remote-curl: error reading command stream from git");
 			return 1;
 		}
 		if (buf.len == 0)
 			break;
-		if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "fetch ")) {
+		if (starts_with(buf.buf, "fetch ")) {
 			if (nongit)
-				die("Fetch attempted without a local repo");
+				die("remote-curl: fetch attempted without a local repo");
 			parse_fetch(&buf);
 
-		} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "list") || !prefixcmp(buf.buf, "list ")) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "list") || starts_with(buf.buf, "list ")) {
 			int for_push = !!strstr(buf.buf + 4, "for-push");
 			output_refs(get_refs(for_push));
 
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "push ")) {
+		} else if (starts_with(buf.buf, "push ")) {
 			parse_push(&buf);
 
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "option ")) {
-			char *name = buf.buf + strlen("option ");
-			char *value = strchr(name, ' ');
+		} else if (skip_prefix(buf.buf, "option ", &arg)) {
+			char *value = strchr(arg, ' ');
 			int result;
 
 			if (value)
@@ -894,7 +1043,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 			else
 				value = "true";
 
-			result = set_option(name, value);
+			result = set_option(arg, value);
 			if (!result)
 				printf("ok\n");
 			else if (result < 0)
@@ -907,10 +1056,11 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 			printf("fetch\n");
 			printf("option\n");
 			printf("push\n");
+			printf("check-connectivity\n");
 			printf("\n");
 			fflush(stdout);
 		} else {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown command '%s'\n", buf.buf);
+			error("remote-curl: unknown command '%s' from git", buf.buf);
 			return 1;
 		}
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
diff --git a/remote-testsvn.c b/remote-testsvn.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f05ff45298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remote-testsvn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "url.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "vcs-svn/svndump.h"
+#include "notes.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static const char *url;
+static int dump_from_file;
+static const char *private_ref;
+static const char *remote_ref = "refs/heads/master";
+static const char *marksfilename, *notes_ref;
+struct rev_note { unsigned int rev_nr; };
+
+static int cmd_capabilities(const char *line);
+static int cmd_import(const char *line);
+static int cmd_list(const char *line);
+
+typedef int (*input_command_handler)(const char *);
+struct input_command_entry {
+	const char *name;
+	input_command_handler fn;
+	unsigned char batchable;	/* whether the command starts or is part of a batch */
+};
+
+static const struct input_command_entry input_command_list[] = {
+	{ "capabilities", cmd_capabilities, 0 },
+	{ "import", cmd_import, 1 },
+	{ "list", cmd_list, 0 },
+	{ NULL, NULL }
+};
+
+static int cmd_capabilities(const char *line)
+{
+	printf("import\n");
+	printf("bidi-import\n");
+	printf("refspec %s:%s\n\n", remote_ref, private_ref);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void terminate_batch(void)
+{
+	/* terminate a current batch's fast-import stream */
+	printf("done\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+/* NOTE: 'ref' refers to a git reference, while 'rev' refers to a svn revision. */
+static char *read_ref_note(const unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	const unsigned char *note_sha1;
+	char *msg = NULL;
+	unsigned long msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	init_notes(NULL, notes_ref, NULL, 0);
+	if (!(note_sha1 = get_note(NULL, sha1)))
+		return NULL;	/* note tree not found */
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(note_sha1, &type, &msglen)))
+		error("Empty notes tree. %s", notes_ref);
+	else if (!msglen || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		error("Note contains unusable content. "
+			"Is something else using this notes tree? %s", notes_ref);
+		free(msg);
+		msg = NULL;
+	}
+	free_notes(NULL);
+	return msg;
+}
+
+static int parse_rev_note(const char *msg, struct rev_note *res)
+{
+	const char *key, *value, *end;
+	size_t len;
+
+	while (*msg) {
+		end = strchrnul(msg, '\n');
+		len = end - msg;
+
+		key = "Revision-number: ";
+		if (starts_with(msg, key)) {
+			long i;
+			char *end;
+			value = msg + strlen(key);
+			i = strtol(value, &end, 0);
+			if (end == value || i < 0 || i > UINT32_MAX)
+				return -1;
+			res->rev_nr = i;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		msg += len + 1;
+	}
+	/* didn't find it */
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int note2mark_cb(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+		const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
+		void *cb_data)
+{
+	FILE *file = (FILE *)cb_data;
+	char *msg;
+	unsigned long msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct rev_note note;
+
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(note_sha1, &type, &msglen)) ||
+			!msglen || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(msg);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (parse_rev_note(msg, &note))
+		return 2;
+	if (fprintf(file, ":%d %s\n", note.rev_nr, sha1_to_hex(object_sha1)) < 1)
+		return 3;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void regenerate_marks(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	FILE *marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "w+");
+
+	if (!marksfile)
+		die_errno("Couldn't create mark file %s.", marksfilename);
+	ret = for_each_note(NULL, 0, note2mark_cb, marksfile);
+	if (ret)
+		die("Regeneration of marks failed, returned %d.", ret);
+	fclose(marksfile);
+}
+
+static void check_or_regenerate_marks(int latestrev)
+{
+	FILE *marksfile;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int found = 0;
+
+	if (latestrev < 1)
+		return;
+
+	init_notes(NULL, notes_ref, NULL, 0);
+	marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "r");
+	if (!marksfile) {
+		regenerate_marks();
+		marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "r");
+		if (!marksfile)
+			die_errno("cannot read marks file %s!", marksfilename);
+		fclose(marksfile);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, ":%d ", latestrev);
+		while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, marksfile) != EOF) {
+			if (starts_with(line.buf, sb.buf)) {
+				found++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		fclose(marksfile);
+		if (!found)
+			regenerate_marks();
+	}
+	free_notes(NULL);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+}
+
+static int cmd_import(const char *line)
+{
+	int code;
+	int dumpin_fd;
+	char *note_msg;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	unsigned int startrev;
+	struct child_process svndump_proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *command = "svnrdump";
+
+	if (read_ref(private_ref, head_sha1))
+		startrev = 0;
+	else {
+		note_msg = read_ref_note(head_sha1);
+		if(note_msg == NULL) {
+			warning("No note found for %s.", private_ref);
+			startrev = 0;
+		} else {
+			struct rev_note note = { 0 };
+			if (parse_rev_note(note_msg, &note))
+				die("Revision number couldn't be parsed from note.");
+			startrev = note.rev_nr + 1;
+			free(note_msg);
+		}
+	}
+	check_or_regenerate_marks(startrev - 1);
+
+	if (dump_from_file) {
+		dumpin_fd = open(url, O_RDONLY);
+		if(dumpin_fd < 0)
+			die_errno("Couldn't open svn dump file %s.", url);
+	} else {
+		svndump_proc.out = -1;
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, command);
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, "dump");
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, url);
+		argv_array_pushf(&svndump_proc.args, "-r%u:HEAD", startrev);
+
+		code = start_command(&svndump_proc);
+		if (code)
+			die("Unable to start %s, code %d", command, code);
+		dumpin_fd = svndump_proc.out;
+	}
+	/* setup marks file import/export */
+	printf("feature import-marks-if-exists=%s\n"
+			"feature export-marks=%s\n", marksfilename, marksfilename);
+
+	svndump_init_fd(dumpin_fd, STDIN_FILENO);
+	svndump_read(url, private_ref, notes_ref);
+	svndump_deinit();
+	svndump_reset();
+
+	close(dumpin_fd);
+	if (!dump_from_file) {
+		code = finish_command(&svndump_proc);
+		if (code)
+			warning("%s, returned %d", command, code);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmd_list(const char *line)
+{
+	printf("? %s\n\n", remote_ref);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_command(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	const struct input_command_entry *p = input_command_list;
+	static struct string_list batchlines = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	static const struct input_command_entry *batch_cmd;
+	/*
+	 * commands can be grouped together in a batch.
+	 * Batches are ended by \n. If no batch is active the program ends.
+	 * During a batch all lines are buffered and passed to the handler function
+	 * when the batch is terminated.
+	 */
+	if (line->len == 0) {
+		if (batch_cmd) {
+			struct string_list_item *item;
+			for_each_string_list_item(item, &batchlines)
+				batch_cmd->fn(item->string);
+			terminate_batch();
+			batch_cmd = NULL;
+			string_list_clear(&batchlines, 0);
+			return 0;	/* end of the batch, continue reading other commands. */
+		}
+		return 1;	/* end of command stream, quit */
+	}
+	if (batch_cmd) {
+		if (!starts_with(batch_cmd->name, line->buf))
+			die("Active %s batch interrupted by %s", batch_cmd->name, line->buf);
+		/* buffer batch lines */
+		string_list_append(&batchlines, line->buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (p = input_command_list; p->name; p++) {
+		if (starts_with(line->buf, p->name) && (strlen(p->name) == line->len ||
+				line->buf[strlen(p->name)] == ' ')) {
+			if (p->batchable) {
+				batch_cmd = p;
+				string_list_append(&batchlines, line->buf);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			return p->fn(line->buf);
+		}
+	}
+	die("Unknown command '%s'\n", line->buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, url_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+			private_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT, marksfilename_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+			notes_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct remote *remote;
+	const char *url_in;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+	setup_git_directory();
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
+		usage("git-remote-svn <remote-name> [<url>]");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
+	url_in = (argc == 3) ? argv[2] : remote->url[0];
+
+	if (starts_with(url_in, "file://")) {
+		dump_from_file = 1;
+		url = url_decode(url_in + sizeof("file://")-1);
+	} else {
+		dump_from_file = 0;
+		end_url_with_slash(&url_sb, url_in);
+		url = url_sb.buf;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&private_ref_sb, "refs/svn/%s/master", remote->name);
+	private_ref = private_ref_sb.buf;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&notes_ref_sb, "refs/notes/%s/revs", remote->name);
+	notes_ref = notes_ref_sb.buf;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&marksfilename_sb, "%s/info/fast-import/remote-svn/%s.marks",
+		get_git_dir(), remote->name);
+	marksfilename = marksfilename_sb.buf;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, stdin) == EOF) {
+			if (ferror(stdin))
+				die("Error reading command stream");
+			else
+				die("Unexpected end of command stream");
+		}
+		if (do_command(&buf))
+			break;
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&url_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&private_ref_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&notes_ref_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&marksfilename_sb);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index 73a3809300..a326e4e251 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -7,11 +7,16 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+enum map_direction { FROM_SRC, FROM_DST };
 
 static struct refspec s_tag_refspec = {
 	0,
 	1,
 	0,
+	0,
 	"refs/tags/*",
 	"refs/tags/*"
 };
@@ -38,21 +43,18 @@ struct rewrites {
 static struct remote **remotes;
 static int remotes_alloc;
 static int remotes_nr;
+static struct hashmap remotes_hash;
 
 static struct branch **branches;
 static int branches_alloc;
 static int branches_nr;
 
 static struct branch *current_branch;
-static const char *default_remote_name;
-static int explicit_default_remote_name;
+static const char *pushremote_name;
 
 static struct rewrites rewrites;
 static struct rewrites rewrites_push;
 
-#define BUF_SIZE (2048)
-static char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
-
 static int valid_remote(const struct remote *remote)
 {
 	return (!!remote->url) || (!!remote->foreign_vcs);
@@ -61,7 +63,6 @@ static int valid_remote(const struct remote *remote)
 static const char *alias_url(const char *url, struct rewrites *r)
 {
 	int i, j;
-	char *ret;
 	struct counted_string *longest;
 	int longest_i;
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ static const char *alias_url(const char *url, struct rewrites *r)
 		if (!r->rewrite[i])
 			continue;
 		for (j = 0; j < r->rewrite[i]->instead_of_nr; j++) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(url, r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].s) &&
+			if (starts_with(url, r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].s) &&
 			    (!longest ||
 			     longest->len < r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].len)) {
 				longest = &(r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j]);
@@ -82,11 +83,7 @@ static const char *alias_url(const char *url, struct rewrites *r)
 	if (!longest)
 		return url;
 
-	ret = xmalloc(r->rewrite[longest_i]->baselen +
-		     (strlen(url) - longest->len) + 1);
-	strcpy(ret, r->rewrite[longest_i]->base);
-	strcpy(ret + r->rewrite[longest_i]->baselen, url + longest->len);
-	return ret;
+	return xstrfmt("%s%s", r->rewrite[longest_i]->base, url + longest->len);
 }
 
 static void add_push_refspec(struct remote *remote, const char *ref)
@@ -130,25 +127,51 @@ static void add_url_alias(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
 	add_pushurl_alias(remote, url);
 }
 
+struct remotes_hash_key {
+	const char *str;
+	int len;
+};
+
+static int remotes_hash_cmp(const struct remote *a, const struct remote *b, const struct remotes_hash_key *key)
+{
+	if (key)
+		return strncmp(a->name, key->str, key->len) || a->name[key->len];
+	else
+		return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static inline void init_remotes_hash(void)
+{
+	if (!remotes_hash.cmpfn)
+		hashmap_init(&remotes_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn)remotes_hash_cmp, 0);
+}
+
 static struct remote *make_remote(const char *name, int len)
 {
-	struct remote *ret;
-	int i;
+	struct remote *ret, *replaced;
+	struct remotes_hash_key lookup;
+	struct hashmap_entry lookup_entry;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr; i++) {
-		if (len ? (!strncmp(name, remotes[i]->name, len) &&
-			   !remotes[i]->name[len]) :
-		    !strcmp(name, remotes[i]->name))
-			return remotes[i];
-	}
+	if (!len)
+		len = strlen(name);
+
+	init_remotes_hash();
+	lookup.str = name;
+	lookup.len = len;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&lookup_entry, memhash(name, len));
+
+	if ((ret = hashmap_get(&remotes_hash, &lookup_entry, &lookup)) != NULL)
+		return ret;
 
 	ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct remote));
+	ret->prune = -1;  /* unspecified */
 	ALLOC_GROW(remotes, remotes_nr + 1, remotes_alloc);
 	remotes[remotes_nr++] = ret;
-	if (len)
-		ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
-	else
-		ret->name = xstrdup(name);
+	ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
+
+	hashmap_entry_init(ret, lookup_entry.hash);
+	replaced = hashmap_put(&remotes_hash, ret);
+	assert(replaced == NULL);  /* no previous entry overwritten */
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -163,7 +186,6 @@ static struct branch *make_branch(const char *name, int len)
 {
 	struct branch *ret;
 	int i;
-	char *refname;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < branches_nr; i++) {
 		if (len ? (!strncmp(name, branches[i]->name, len) &&
@@ -179,10 +201,7 @@ static struct branch *make_branch(const char *name, int len)
 		ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
 	else
 		ret->name = xstrdup(name);
-	refname = xmalloc(strlen(name) + strlen("refs/heads/") + 1);
-	strcpy(refname, "refs/heads/");
-	strcpy(refname + strlen("refs/heads/"), ret->name);
-	ret->refname = refname;
+	ret->refname = xstrfmt("refs/heads/%s", ret->name);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -222,209 +241,165 @@ static void add_instead_of(struct rewrite *rewrite, const char *instead_of)
 	rewrite->instead_of_nr++;
 }
 
+static const char *skip_spaces(const char *s)
+{
+	while (isspace(*s))
+		s++;
+	return s;
+}
+
 static void read_remotes_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("remotes/%s", remote->name), "r");
 
 	if (!f)
 		return;
 	remote->origin = REMOTE_REMOTES;
-	while (fgets(buffer, BUF_SIZE, f)) {
-		int value_list;
-		char *s, *p;
-
-		if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "URL:")) {
-			value_list = 0;
-			s = buffer + 4;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "Push:")) {
-			value_list = 1;
-			s = buffer + 5;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "Pull:")) {
-			value_list = 2;
-			s = buffer + 5;
-		} else
-			continue;
-
-		while (isspace(*s))
-			s++;
-		if (!*s)
-			continue;
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, f) != EOF) {
+		const char *v;
 
-		p = s + strlen(s);
-		while (isspace(p[-1]))
-			*--p = 0;
+		strbuf_rtrim(&buf);
 
-		switch (value_list) {
-		case 0:
-			add_url_alias(remote, xstrdup(s));
-			break;
-		case 1:
-			add_push_refspec(remote, xstrdup(s));
-			break;
-		case 2:
-			add_fetch_refspec(remote, xstrdup(s));
-			break;
-		}
+		if (skip_prefix(buf.buf, "URL:", &v))
+			add_url_alias(remote, xstrdup(skip_spaces(v)));
+		else if (skip_prefix(buf.buf, "Push:", &v))
+			add_push_refspec(remote, xstrdup(skip_spaces(v)));
+		else if (skip_prefix(buf.buf, "Pull:", &v))
+			add_fetch_refspec(remote, xstrdup(skip_spaces(v)));
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	fclose(f);
 }
 
 static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
-	const char *slash = strchr(remote->name, '/');
 	char *frag;
-	struct strbuf branch = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int n = slash ? slash - remote->name : 1000;
-	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("branches/%.*s", n, remote->name), "r");
-	char *s, *p;
-	int len;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("branches/%s", remote->name), "r");
 
 	if (!f)
 		return;
-	s = fgets(buffer, BUF_SIZE, f);
+
+	strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, f);
 	fclose(f);
-	if (!s)
-		return;
-	while (isspace(*s))
-		s++;
-	if (!*s)
+	strbuf_trim(&buf);
+	if (!buf.len) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		return;
+	}
+
 	remote->origin = REMOTE_BRANCHES;
-	p = s + strlen(s);
-	while (isspace(p[-1]))
-		*--p = 0;
-	len = p - s;
-	if (slash)
-		len += strlen(slash);
-	p = xmalloc(len + 1);
-	strcpy(p, s);
-	if (slash)
-		strcat(p, slash);
 
 	/*
-	 * With "slash", e.g. "git fetch jgarzik/netdev-2.6" when
-	 * reading from $GIT_DIR/branches/jgarzik fetches "HEAD" from
-	 * the partial URL obtained from the branches file plus
-	 * "/netdev-2.6" and does not store it in any tracking ref.
-	 * #branch specifier in the file is ignored.
-	 *
-	 * Otherwise, the branches file would have URL and optionally
+	 * The branches file would have URL and optionally
 	 * #branch specified.  The "master" (or specified) branch is
-	 * fetched and stored in the local branch of the same name.
+	 * fetched and stored in the local branch matching the
+	 * remote name.
 	 */
-	frag = strchr(p, '#');
-	if (frag) {
+	frag = strchr(buf.buf, '#');
+	if (frag)
 		*(frag++) = '\0';
-		strbuf_addf(&branch, "refs/heads/%s", frag);
-	} else
-		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "refs/heads/master");
-	if (!slash) {
-		strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", remote->name);
-	} else {
-		strbuf_reset(&branch);
-		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "HEAD:");
-	}
-	add_url_alias(remote, p);
-	add_fetch_refspec(remote, strbuf_detach(&branch, NULL));
+	else
+		frag = "master";
+
+	add_url_alias(remote, strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+	add_fetch_refspec(remote, xstrfmt("refs/heads/%s:refs/heads/%s",
+					  frag, remote->name));
+
 	/*
 	 * Cogito compatible push: push current HEAD to remote #branch
 	 * (master if missing)
 	 */
-	strbuf_init(&branch, 0);
-	strbuf_addstr(&branch, "HEAD");
-	if (frag)
-		strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", frag);
-	else
-		strbuf_addstr(&branch, ":refs/heads/master");
-	add_push_refspec(remote, strbuf_detach(&branch, NULL));
+	add_push_refspec(remote, xstrfmt("HEAD:refs/heads/%s", frag));
 	remote->fetch_tags = 1; /* always auto-follow */
 }
 
 static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	const char *name;
+	int namelen;
 	const char *subkey;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	struct branch *branch;
-	if (!prefixcmp(key, "branch.")) {
-		name = key + 7;
-		subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
-		if (!subkey)
+	if (parse_config_key(key, "branch", &name, &namelen, &subkey) >= 0) {
+		if (!name)
 			return 0;
-		branch = make_branch(name, subkey - name);
-		if (!strcmp(subkey, ".remote")) {
-			if (!value)
-				return config_error_nonbool(key);
-			branch->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
-			if (branch == current_branch) {
-				default_remote_name = branch->remote_name;
-				explicit_default_remote_name = 1;
-			}
-		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".merge")) {
+		branch = make_branch(name, namelen);
+		if (!strcmp(subkey, "remote")) {
+			return git_config_string(&branch->remote_name, key, value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "pushremote")) {
+			return git_config_string(&branch->pushremote_name, key, value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "merge")) {
 			if (!value)
 				return config_error_nonbool(key);
 			add_merge(branch, xstrdup(value));
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(key, "url.")) {
+	if (parse_config_key(key, "url", &name, &namelen, &subkey) >= 0) {
 		struct rewrite *rewrite;
-		name = key + 4;
-		subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
-		if (!subkey)
+		if (!name)
 			return 0;
-		if (!strcmp(subkey, ".insteadof")) {
-			rewrite = make_rewrite(&rewrites, name, subkey - name);
+		if (!strcmp(subkey, "insteadof")) {
+			rewrite = make_rewrite(&rewrites, name, namelen);
 			if (!value)
 				return config_error_nonbool(key);
 			add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
-		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".pushinsteadof")) {
-			rewrite = make_rewrite(&rewrites_push, name, subkey - name);
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "pushinsteadof")) {
+			rewrite = make_rewrite(&rewrites_push, name, namelen);
 			if (!value)
 				return config_error_nonbool(key);
 			add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
 		}
 	}
-	if (prefixcmp(key,  "remote."))
+
+	if (parse_config_key(key, "remote", &name, &namelen, &subkey) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Handle remote.* variables */
+	if (!name && !strcmp(subkey, "pushdefault"))
+		return git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value);
+
+	if (!name)
 		return 0;
-	name = key + 7;
+	/* Handle remote.<name>.* variables */
 	if (*name == '/') {
 		warning("Config remote shorthand cannot begin with '/': %s",
 			name);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
-	if (!subkey)
-		return 0;
-	remote = make_remote(name, subkey - name);
+	remote = make_remote(name, namelen);
 	remote->origin = REMOTE_CONFIG;
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".mirror"))
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "mirror"))
 		remote->mirror = git_config_bool(key, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".skipdefaultupdate"))
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, "skipdefaultupdate"))
 		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".skipfetchall"))
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, "skipfetchall"))
 		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".url")) {
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, "prune"))
+		remote->prune = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, "url")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
 			return -1;
 		add_url(remote, v);
-	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".pushurl")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "pushurl")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
 			return -1;
 		add_pushurl(remote, v);
-	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".push")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "push")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
 			return -1;
 		add_push_refspec(remote, v);
-	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".fetch")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "fetch")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
 			return -1;
 		add_fetch_refspec(remote, v);
-	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".receivepack")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "receivepack")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
 			return -1;
@@ -432,7 +407,7 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 			remote->receivepack = v;
 		else
 			error("more than one receivepack given, using the first");
-	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".uploadpack")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "uploadpack")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
 			return -1;
@@ -440,15 +415,18 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 			remote->uploadpack = v;
 		else
 			error("more than one uploadpack given, using the first");
-	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".tagopt")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "tagopt")) {
 		if (!strcmp(value, "--no-tags"))
 			remote->fetch_tags = -1;
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "--tags"))
 			remote->fetch_tags = 2;
-	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".proxy")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "proxy")) {
 		return git_config_string((const char **)&remote->http_proxy,
 					 key, value);
-	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".vcs")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "proxyauthmethod")) {
+		return git_config_string((const char **)&remote->http_proxy_authmethod,
+					 key, value);
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, "vcs")) {
 		return git_config_string(&remote->foreign_vcs, key, value);
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -475,18 +453,21 @@ static void alias_all_urls(void)
 
 static void read_config(void)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *head_ref;
+	static int loaded;
+	struct object_id oid;
 	int flag;
-	if (default_remote_name) /* did this already */
+
+	if (loaded)
 		return;
-	default_remote_name = xstrdup("origin");
+	loaded = 1;
+
 	current_branch = NULL;
-	head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 0, &flag);
-	if (head_ref && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
-	    !prefixcmp(head_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
-		current_branch =
-			make_branch(head_ref + strlen("refs/heads/"), 0);
+	if (startup_info->have_repository) {
+		const char *head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, oid.hash, &flag);
+		if (head_ref && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+		    skip_prefix(head_ref, "refs/heads/", &head_ref)) {
+			current_branch = make_branch(head_ref, 0);
+		}
 	}
 	git_config(handle_config, NULL);
 	alias_all_urls();
@@ -515,7 +496,7 @@ static void free_refspecs(struct refspec *refspec, int nr_refspec)
 static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int fetch, int verify)
 {
 	int i;
-	struct refspec *rs = xcalloc(sizeof(*rs), nr_refspec);
+	struct refspec *rs = xcalloc(nr_refspec, sizeof(*rs));
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
 		size_t llen;
@@ -535,7 +516,7 @@ static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refsp
 
 		/*
 		 * Before going on, special case ":" (or "+:") as a refspec
-		 * for matching refs.
+		 * for pushing matching refs.
 		 */
 		if (!fetch && rhs == lhs && rhs[1] == '\0') {
 			rs[i].matching = 1;
@@ -562,26 +543,25 @@ static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refsp
 		flags = REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL | (is_glob ? REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN : 0);
 
 		if (fetch) {
-			/*
-			 * LHS
-			 * - empty is allowed; it means HEAD.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			struct object_id unused;
+
+			/* LHS */
 			if (!*rs[i].src)
-				; /* empty is ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "HEAD" */
+			else if (llen == GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ && !get_oid_hex(rs[i].src, &unused))
+				rs[i].exact_sha1 = 1; /* ok */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
-			/*
-			 * RHS
-			 * - missing is ok, and is same as empty.
-			 * - empty is ok; it means not to store.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			/* RHS */
 			if (!rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
+				; /* missing is ok; it is the same as empty */
 			else if (!*rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "do not store" */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
 		} else {
 			/*
@@ -668,18 +648,45 @@ static int valid_remote_nick(const char *name)
 	return !strchr(name, '/'); /* no slash */
 }
 
-struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+const char *remote_for_branch(struct branch *branch, int *explicit)
+{
+	if (branch && branch->remote_name) {
+		if (explicit)
+			*explicit = 1;
+		return branch->remote_name;
+	}
+	if (explicit)
+		*explicit = 0;
+	return "origin";
+}
+
+const char *pushremote_for_branch(struct branch *branch, int *explicit)
+{
+	if (branch && branch->pushremote_name) {
+		if (explicit)
+			*explicit = 1;
+		return branch->pushremote_name;
+	}
+	if (pushremote_name) {
+		if (explicit)
+			*explicit = 1;
+		return pushremote_name;
+	}
+	return remote_for_branch(branch, explicit);
+}
+
+static struct remote *remote_get_1(const char *name,
+				   const char *(*get_default)(struct branch *, int *))
 {
 	struct remote *ret;
 	int name_given = 0;
 
 	read_config();
+
 	if (name)
 		name_given = 1;
-	else {
-		name = default_remote_name;
-		name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
-	}
+	else
+		name = get_default(current_branch, &name_given);
 
 	ret = make_remote(name, 0);
 	if (valid_remote_nick(name)) {
@@ -697,15 +704,19 @@ struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int remote_is_configured(const char *name)
+struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
 {
-	int i;
-	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, remote_for_branch);
+}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr; i++)
-		if (!strcmp(name, remotes[i]->name))
-			return 1;
-	return 0;
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	return remote_get_1(name, pushremote_for_branch);
+}
+
+int remote_is_configured(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	return remote && remote->origin;
 }
 
 int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv)
@@ -727,35 +738,66 @@ int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv)
 	return result;
 }
 
-void ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map)
+static void handle_duplicate(struct ref *ref1, struct ref *ref2)
+{
+	if (strcmp(ref1->name, ref2->name)) {
+		if (ref1->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+		    ref2->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+			die(_("Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"),
+			    ref1->name, ref2->name, ref2->peer_ref->name);
+		} else if (ref1->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+			   ref2->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+			warning(_("%s usually tracks %s, not %s"),
+				ref2->peer_ref->name, ref2->name, ref1->name);
+		} else if (ref1->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+			   ref2->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+			die(_("%s tracks both %s and %s"),
+			    ref2->peer_ref->name, ref1->name, ref2->name);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * This last possibility doesn't occur because
+			 * FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE entries always appear at
+			 * the end of the list.
+			 */
+			die(_("Internal error"));
+		}
+	}
+	free(ref2->peer_ref);
+	free(ref2);
+}
+
+struct ref *ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map)
 {
 	struct string_list refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
-	struct ref *prev = NULL, *next = NULL;
-	for (; ref_map; prev = ref_map, ref_map = next) {
-		next = ref_map->next;
-		if (!ref_map->peer_ref)
-			continue;
+	struct ref *retval = NULL;
+	struct ref **p = &retval;
 
-		item = string_list_lookup(&refs, ref_map->peer_ref->name);
-		if (item) {
-			if (strcmp(((struct ref *)item->util)->name,
-				   ref_map->name))
-				die("%s tracks both %s and %s",
-				    ref_map->peer_ref->name,
-				    ((struct ref *)item->util)->name,
-				    ref_map->name);
-			prev->next = ref_map->next;
-			free(ref_map->peer_ref);
-			free(ref_map);
-			ref_map = prev; /* skip this; we freed it */
-			continue;
-		}
+	while (ref_map) {
+		struct ref *ref = ref_map;
+
+		ref_map = ref_map->next;
+		ref->next = NULL;
 
-		item = string_list_insert(&refs, ref_map->peer_ref->name);
-		item->util = ref_map;
+		if (!ref->peer_ref) {
+			*p = ref;
+			p = &ref->next;
+		} else {
+			struct string_list_item *item =
+				string_list_insert(&refs, ref->peer_ref->name);
+
+			if (item->util) {
+				/* Entry already existed */
+				handle_duplicate((struct ref *)item->util, ref);
+			} else {
+				*p = ref;
+				p = &ref->next;
+				item->util = ref;
+			}
+		}
 	}
+
 	string_list_clear(&refs, 0);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 int remote_has_url(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
@@ -784,32 +826,25 @@ static int match_name_with_pattern(const char *key, const char *name,
 	ret = !strncmp(name, key, klen) && namelen >= klen + ksuffixlen &&
 		!memcmp(name + namelen - ksuffixlen, kstar + 1, ksuffixlen);
 	if (ret && value) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *vstar = strchr(value, '*');
-		size_t vlen;
-		size_t vsuffixlen;
 		if (!vstar)
 			die("Value '%s' of pattern has no '*'", value);
-		vlen = vstar - value;
-		vsuffixlen = strlen(vstar + 1);
-		*result = xmalloc(vlen + vsuffixlen +
-				  strlen(name) -
-				  klen - ksuffixlen + 1);
-		strncpy(*result, value, vlen);
-		strncpy(*result + vlen,
-			name + klen, namelen - klen - ksuffixlen);
-		strcpy(*result + vlen + namelen - klen - ksuffixlen,
-		       vstar + 1);
+		strbuf_add(&sb, value, vstar - value);
+		strbuf_add(&sb, name + klen, namelen - klen - ksuffixlen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, vstar + 1);
+		*result = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int query_refspecs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *query)
+static void query_refspecs_multiple(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *query, struct string_list *results)
 {
 	int i;
 	int find_src = !query->src;
 
 	if (find_src && !query->dst)
-		return error("query_refspecs: need either src or dst");
+		error("query_refspecs_multiple: need either src or dst");
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
 		struct refspec *refspec = &refs[i];
@@ -821,6 +856,32 @@ static int query_refspecs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *q
 		if (!refspec->dst)
 			continue;
 		if (refspec->pattern) {
+			if (match_name_with_pattern(key, needle, value, result))
+				string_list_append_nodup(results, *result);
+		} else if (!strcmp(needle, key)) {
+			string_list_append(results, value);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int query_refspecs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *query)
+{
+	int i;
+	int find_src = !query->src;
+	const char *needle = find_src ? query->dst : query->src;
+	char **result = find_src ? &query->src : &query->dst;
+
+	if (find_src && !query->dst)
+		return error("query_refspecs: need either src or dst");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
+		struct refspec *refspec = &refs[i];
+		const char *key = find_src ? refspec->dst : refspec->src;
+		const char *value = find_src ? refspec->src : refspec->dst;
+
+		if (!refspec->dst)
+			continue;
+		if (refspec->pattern) {
 			if (match_name_with_pattern(key, needle, value, result)) {
 				query->force = refspec->force;
 				return 0;
@@ -857,7 +918,7 @@ static struct ref *alloc_ref_with_prefix(const char *prefix, size_t prefixlen,
 		const char *name)
 {
 	size_t len = strlen(name);
-	struct ref *ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref) + prefixlen + len + 1);
+	struct ref *ref = xcalloc(1, st_add4(sizeof(*ref), prefixlen, len, 1));
 	memcpy(ref->name, prefix, prefixlen);
 	memcpy(ref->name + prefixlen, name, len);
 	return ref;
@@ -874,12 +935,12 @@ struct ref *copy_ref(const struct ref *ref)
 	size_t len;
 	if (!ref)
 		return NULL;
-	len = strlen(ref->name);
-	cpy = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) + len + 1);
-	memcpy(cpy, ref, sizeof(struct ref) + len + 1);
+	len = st_add3(sizeof(struct ref), strlen(ref->name), 1);
+	cpy = xmalloc(len);
+	memcpy(cpy, ref, len);
 	cpy->next = NULL;
-	cpy->symref = ref->symref ? xstrdup(ref->symref) : NULL;
-	cpy->remote_status = ref->remote_status ? xstrdup(ref->remote_status) : NULL;
+	cpy->symref = xstrdup_or_null(ref->symref);
+	cpy->remote_status = xstrdup_or_null(ref->remote_status);
 	cpy->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref->peer_ref);
 	return cpy;
 }
@@ -916,9 +977,30 @@ void free_refs(struct ref *ref)
 	}
 }
 
-static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
-			       struct ref *refs,
-			       struct ref **matched_ref)
+int ref_compare_name(const void *va, const void *vb)
+{
+	const struct ref *a = va, *b = vb;
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static void *ref_list_get_next(const void *a)
+{
+	return ((const struct ref *)a)->next;
+}
+
+static void ref_list_set_next(void *a, void *next)
+{
+	((struct ref *)a)->next = next;
+}
+
+void sort_ref_list(struct ref **l, int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+	*l = llist_mergesort(*l, ref_list_get_next, ref_list_set_next, cmp);
+}
+
+int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
+			struct ref *refs,
+			struct ref **matched_ref)
 {
 	int patlen = strlen(pattern);
 	struct ref *matched_weak = NULL;
@@ -930,7 +1012,7 @@ static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
 		char *name = refs->name;
 		int namelen = strlen(name);
 
-		if (!refname_match(pattern, name, ref_rev_parse_rules))
+		if (!refname_match(pattern, name))
 			continue;
 
 		/* A match is "weak" if it is with refs outside
@@ -943,8 +1025,8 @@ static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
 		 */
 		if (namelen != patlen &&
 		    patlen != namelen - 5 &&
-		    prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") &&
-		    prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/")) {
+		    !starts_with(name, "refs/heads/") &&
+		    !starts_with(name, "refs/tags/")) {
 			/* We want to catch the case where only weak
 			 * matches are found and there are multiple
 			 * matches, and where more than one strong
@@ -961,11 +1043,13 @@ static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
 		}
 	}
 	if (!matched) {
-		*matched_ref = matched_weak;
+		if (matched_ref)
+			*matched_ref = matched_weak;
 		return weak_match;
 	}
 	else {
-		*matched_ref = matched;
+		if (matched_ref)
+			*matched_ref = matched;
 		return match;
 	}
 }
@@ -978,21 +1062,32 @@ static void tail_link_ref(struct ref *ref, struct ref ***tail)
 	*tail = &ref->next;
 }
 
-static struct ref *try_explicit_object_name(const char *name)
+static struct ref *alloc_delete_ref(void)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct ref *ref;
+	struct ref *ref = alloc_ref("(delete)");
+	oidclr(&ref->new_oid);
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static int try_explicit_object_name(const char *name,
+				    struct ref **match)
+{
+	struct object_id oid;
 
 	if (!*name) {
-		ref = alloc_ref("(delete)");
-		hashclr(ref->new_sha1);
-		return ref;
+		if (match)
+			*match = alloc_delete_ref();
+		return 0;
 	}
-	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
-		return NULL;
-	ref = alloc_ref(name);
-	hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
-	return ref;
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, oid.hash))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (match) {
+		*match = alloc_ref(name);
+		oidcpy(&(*match)->new_oid, &oid);
+	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static struct ref *make_linked_ref(const char *name, struct ref ***tail)
@@ -1005,15 +1100,16 @@ static struct ref *make_linked_ref(const char *name, struct ref ***tail)
 static char *guess_ref(const char *name, struct ref *peer)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 
-	const char *r = resolve_ref_unsafe(peer->name, sha1, 1, NULL);
+	const char *r = resolve_ref_unsafe(peer->name, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					   oid.hash, NULL);
 	if (!r)
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(r, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(r, "refs/heads/"))
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/heads/");
-	else if (!prefixcmp(r, "refs/tags/"))
+	else if (starts_with(r, "refs/tags/"))
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/tags/");
 	else
 		return NULL;
@@ -1022,12 +1118,37 @@ static char *guess_ref(const char *name, struct ref *peer)
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
+static int match_explicit_lhs(struct ref *src,
+			      struct refspec *rs,
+			      struct ref **match,
+			      int *allocated_match)
+{
+	switch (count_refspec_match(rs->src, src, match)) {
+	case 1:
+		if (allocated_match)
+			*allocated_match = 0;
+		return 0;
+	case 0:
+		/* The source could be in the get_sha1() format
+		 * not a reference name.  :refs/other is a
+		 * way to delete 'other' ref at the remote end.
+		 */
+		if (try_explicit_object_name(rs->src, match) < 0)
+			return error("src refspec %s does not match any.", rs->src);
+		if (allocated_match)
+			*allocated_match = 1;
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		return error("src refspec %s matches more than one.", rs->src);
+	}
+}
+
 static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 			  struct ref ***dst_tail,
 			  struct refspec *rs)
 {
 	struct ref *matched_src, *matched_dst;
-	int copy_src;
+	int allocated_src;
 
 	const char *dst_value = rs->dst;
 	char *dst_guess;
@@ -1036,32 +1157,19 @@ static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 		return 0;
 
 	matched_src = matched_dst = NULL;
-	switch (count_refspec_match(rs->src, src, &matched_src)) {
-	case 1:
-		copy_src = 1;
-		break;
-	case 0:
-		/* The source could be in the get_sha1() format
-		 * not a reference name.  :refs/other is a
-		 * way to delete 'other' ref at the remote end.
-		 */
-		matched_src = try_explicit_object_name(rs->src);
-		if (!matched_src)
-			return error("src refspec %s does not match any.", rs->src);
-		copy_src = 0;
-		break;
-	default:
-		return error("src refspec %s matches more than one.", rs->src);
-	}
+	if (match_explicit_lhs(src, rs, &matched_src, &allocated_src) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	if (!dst_value) {
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_id oid;
 		int flag;
 
-		dst_value = resolve_ref_unsafe(matched_src->name, sha1, 1, &flag);
+		dst_value = resolve_ref_unsafe(matched_src->name,
+					       RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					       oid.hash, &flag);
 		if (!dst_value ||
 		    ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
-		     prefixcmp(dst_value, "refs/heads/")))
+		     !starts_with(dst_value, "refs/heads/")))
 			die("%s cannot be resolved to branch.",
 			    matched_src->name);
 	}
@@ -1070,8 +1178,11 @@ static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 	case 1:
 		break;
 	case 0:
-		if (!memcmp(dst_value, "refs/", 5))
+		if (starts_with(dst_value, "refs/"))
 			matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_value, dst_tail);
+		else if (is_null_oid(&matched_src->new_oid))
+			error("unable to delete '%s': remote ref does not exist",
+			      dst_value);
 		else if ((dst_guess = guess_ref(dst_value, matched_src)))
 			matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_guess, dst_tail);
 		else
@@ -1094,7 +1205,9 @@ static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 		return error("dst ref %s receives from more than one src.",
 		      matched_dst->name);
 	else {
-		matched_dst->peer_ref = copy_src ? copy_ref(matched_src) : matched_src;
+		matched_dst->peer_ref = allocated_src ?
+					matched_src :
+					copy_ref(matched_src);
 		matched_dst->force = rs->force;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -1110,10 +1223,11 @@ static int match_explicit_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 	return errs;
 }
 
-static const struct refspec *check_pattern_match(const struct refspec *rs,
-						 int rs_nr,
-						 const struct ref *src)
+static char *get_ref_match(const struct refspec *rs, int rs_nr, const struct ref *ref,
+		int send_mirror, int direction, const struct refspec **ret_pat)
 {
+	const struct refspec *pat;
+	char *name;
 	int i;
 	int matching_refs = -1;
 	for (i = 0; i < rs_nr; i++) {
@@ -1123,14 +1237,36 @@ static const struct refspec *check_pattern_match(const struct refspec *rs,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (rs[i].pattern && match_name_with_pattern(rs[i].src, src->name,
-							     NULL, NULL))
-			return rs + i;
+		if (rs[i].pattern) {
+			const char *dst_side = rs[i].dst ? rs[i].dst : rs[i].src;
+			int match;
+			if (direction == FROM_SRC)
+				match = match_name_with_pattern(rs[i].src, ref->name, dst_side, &name);
+			else
+				match = match_name_with_pattern(dst_side, ref->name, rs[i].src, &name);
+			if (match) {
+				matching_refs = i;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	if (matching_refs != -1)
-		return rs + matching_refs;
-	else
+	if (matching_refs == -1)
 		return NULL;
+
+	pat = rs + matching_refs;
+	if (pat->matching) {
+		/*
+		 * "matching refs"; traditionally we pushed everything
+		 * including refs outside refs/heads/ hierarchy, but
+		 * that does not make much sense these days.
+		 */
+		if (!send_mirror && !starts_with(ref->name, "refs/heads/"))
+			return NULL;
+		name = xstrdup(ref->name);
+	}
+	if (ret_pat)
+		*ret_pat = pat;
+	return name;
 }
 
 static struct ref **tail_ref(struct ref **head)
@@ -1141,6 +1277,142 @@ static struct ref **tail_ref(struct ref **head)
 	return tail;
 }
 
+struct tips {
+	struct commit **tip;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static void add_to_tips(struct tips *tips, const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (is_null_oid(oid))
+		return;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid->hash, 1);
+	if (!commit || (commit->object.flags & TMP_MARK))
+		return;
+	commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+	ALLOC_GROW(tips->tip, tips->nr + 1, tips->alloc);
+	tips->tip[tips->nr++] = commit;
+}
+
+static void add_missing_tags(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst, struct ref ***dst_tail)
+{
+	struct string_list dst_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list src_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	struct tips sent_tips;
+
+	/*
+	 * Collect everything we know they would have at the end of
+	 * this push, and collect all tags they have.
+	 */
+	memset(&sent_tips, 0, sizeof(sent_tips));
+	for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (ref->peer_ref &&
+		    !is_null_oid(&ref->peer_ref->new_oid))
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, &ref->peer_ref->new_oid);
+		else
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, &ref->old_oid);
+		if (starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			string_list_append(&dst_tag, ref->name);
+	}
+	clear_commit_marks_many(sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip, TMP_MARK);
+
+	string_list_sort(&dst_tag);
+
+	/* Collect tags they do not have. */
+	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue; /* not a tag */
+		if (string_list_has_string(&dst_tag, ref->name))
+			continue; /* they already have it */
+		if (sha1_object_info(ref->new_oid.hash, NULL) != OBJ_TAG)
+			continue; /* be conservative */
+		item = string_list_append(&src_tag, ref->name);
+		item->util = ref;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dst_tag, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, src_tag lists tags that are missing from
+	 * dst, and sent_tips lists the tips we are pushing or those
+	 * that we know they already have. An element in the src_tag
+	 * that is an ancestor of any of the sent_tips needs to be
+	 * sent to the other side.
+	 */
+	if (sent_tips.nr) {
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &src_tag) {
+			struct ref *ref = item->util;
+			struct ref *dst_ref;
+			struct commit *commit;
+
+			if (is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid))
+				continue;
+			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_oid.hash, 1);
+			if (!commit)
+				/* not pushing a commit, which is not an error */
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * Is this tag, which they do not have, reachable from
+			 * any of the commits we are sending?
+			 */
+			if (!in_merge_bases_many(commit, sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip))
+				continue;
+
+			/* Add it in */
+			dst_ref = make_linked_ref(ref->name, dst_tail);
+			oidcpy(&dst_ref->new_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+			dst_ref->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&src_tag, 0);
+	free(sent_tips.tip);
+}
+
+struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
+		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
+			return (struct ref *)list;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void prepare_ref_index(struct string_list *ref_index, struct ref *ref)
+{
+	for ( ; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		string_list_append_nodup(ref_index, ref->name)->util = ref;
+
+	string_list_sort(ref_index);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given only the set of local refs, sanity-check the set of push
+ * refspecs. We can't catch all errors that match_push_refs would,
+ * but we can catch some errors early before even talking to the
+ * remote side.
+ */
+int check_push_refs(struct ref *src, int nr_refspec, const char **refspec_names)
+{
+	struct refspec *refspec = parse_push_refspec(nr_refspec, refspec_names);
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
+		struct refspec *rs = refspec + i;
+
+		if (rs->pattern || rs->matching)
+			continue;
+
+		ret |= match_explicit_lhs(src, rs, NULL, NULL);
+	}
+
+	free_refspec(nr_refspec, refspec);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * Given the set of refs the local repository has, the set of refs the
  * remote repository has, and the refspec used for push, determine
@@ -1155,9 +1427,11 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 	struct refspec *rs;
 	int send_all = flags & MATCH_REFS_ALL;
 	int send_mirror = flags & MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
+	int send_prune = flags & MATCH_REFS_PRUNE;
 	int errs;
 	static const char *default_refspec[] = { ":", NULL };
-	struct ref **dst_tail = tail_ref(dst);
+	struct ref *ref, **dst_tail = tail_ref(dst);
+	struct string_list dst_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	if (!nr_refspec) {
 		nr_refspec = 1;
@@ -1167,109 +1441,195 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 	errs = match_explicit_refs(src, *dst, &dst_tail, rs, nr_refspec);
 
 	/* pick the remainder */
-	for ( ; src; src = src->next) {
+	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *dst_item;
 		struct ref *dst_peer;
 		const struct refspec *pat = NULL;
 		char *dst_name;
-		if (src->peer_ref)
-			continue;
 
-		pat = check_pattern_match(rs, nr_refspec, src);
-		if (!pat)
+		dst_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_SRC, &pat);
+		if (!dst_name)
 			continue;
 
-		if (pat->matching) {
-			/*
-			 * "matching refs"; traditionally we pushed everything
-			 * including refs outside refs/heads/ hierarchy, but
-			 * that does not make much sense these days.
-			 */
-			if (!send_mirror && prefixcmp(src->name, "refs/heads/"))
-				continue;
-			dst_name = xstrdup(src->name);
+		if (!dst_ref_index.nr)
+			prepare_ref_index(&dst_ref_index, *dst);
 
-		} else {
-			const char *dst_side = pat->dst ? pat->dst : pat->src;
-			if (!match_name_with_pattern(pat->src, src->name,
-						     dst_side, &dst_name))
-				die("Didn't think it matches any more");
-		}
-		dst_peer = find_ref_by_name(*dst, dst_name);
+		dst_item = string_list_lookup(&dst_ref_index, dst_name);
+		dst_peer = dst_item ? dst_item->util : NULL;
 		if (dst_peer) {
 			if (dst_peer->peer_ref)
 				/* We're already sending something to this ref. */
 				goto free_name;
-
 		} else {
 			if (pat->matching && !(send_all || send_mirror))
 				/*
 				 * Remote doesn't have it, and we have no
 				 * explicit pattern, and we don't have
-				 * --all nor --mirror.
+				 * --all or --mirror.
 				 */
 				goto free_name;
 
 			/* Create a new one and link it */
 			dst_peer = make_linked_ref(dst_name, &dst_tail);
-			hashcpy(dst_peer->new_sha1, src->new_sha1);
+			oidcpy(&dst_peer->new_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+			string_list_insert(&dst_ref_index,
+				dst_peer->name)->util = dst_peer;
 		}
-		dst_peer->peer_ref = copy_ref(src);
+		dst_peer->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
 		dst_peer->force = pat->force;
 	free_name:
 		free(dst_name);
 	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&dst_ref_index, 0);
+
+	if (flags & MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+		add_missing_tags(src, dst, &dst_tail);
+
+	if (send_prune) {
+		struct string_list src_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+		/* check for missing refs on the remote */
+		for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+			char *src_name;
+
+			if (ref->peer_ref)
+				/* We're already sending something to this ref. */
+				continue;
+
+			src_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_DST, NULL);
+			if (src_name) {
+				if (!src_ref_index.nr)
+					prepare_ref_index(&src_ref_index, src);
+				if (!string_list_has_string(&src_ref_index,
+					    src_name))
+					ref->peer_ref = alloc_delete_ref();
+				free(src_name);
+			}
+		}
+		string_list_clear(&src_ref_index, 0);
+	}
 	if (errs)
 		return -1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
-	int force_update)
+			     int force_update)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		int force_ref_update = ref->force || force_update;
+		int reject_reason = 0;
+
 		if (ref->peer_ref)
-			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+			oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, &ref->peer_ref->new_oid);
 		else if (!send_mirror)
 			continue;
 
-		ref->deletion = is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1);
+		ref->deletion = is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid);
 		if (!ref->deletion &&
-			!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->new_sha1)) {
+			!oidcmp(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid)) {
 			ref->status = REF_STATUS_UPTODATE;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		/* This part determines what can overwrite what.
-		 * The rules are:
+		/*
+		 * If the remote ref has moved and is now different
+		 * from what we expect, reject any push.
+		 *
+		 * It also is an error if the user told us to check
+		 * with the remote-tracking branch to find the value
+		 * to expect, but we did not have such a tracking
+		 * branch.
+		 */
+		if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+			if (ref->expect_old_no_trackback ||
+			    oidcmp(&ref->old_oid, &ref->old_oid_expect))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+			else
+				/* If the ref isn't stale then force the update. */
+				force_ref_update = 1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If the update isn't already rejected then check
+		 * the usual "must fast-forward" rules.
 		 *
-		 * (0) you can always use --force or +A:B notation to
-		 *     selectively force individual ref pairs.
+		 * Decide whether an individual refspec A:B can be
+		 * pushed.  The push will succeed if any of the
+		 * following are true:
 		 *
-		 * (1) if the old thing does not exist, it is OK.
+		 * (1) the remote reference B does not exist
 		 *
-		 * (2) if you do not have the old thing, you are not allowed
-		 *     to overwrite it; you would not know what you are losing
-		 *     otherwise.
+		 * (2) the remote reference B is being removed (i.e.,
+		 *     pushing :B where no source is specified)
 		 *
-		 * (3) if both new and old are commit-ish, and new is a
-		 *     descendant of old, it is OK.
+		 * (3) the destination is not under refs/tags/, and
+		 *     if the old and new value is a commit, the new
+		 *     is a descendant of the old.
 		 *
-		 * (4) regardless of all of the above, removing :B is
-		 *     always allowed.
+		 * (4) it is forced using the +A:B notation, or by
+		 *     passing the --force argument
+		 */
+
+		if (!reject_reason && !ref->deletion && !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid)) {
+			if (starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			else if (!has_object_file(&ref->old_oid))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			else if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_oid.hash, 1) ||
+				 !lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_oid.hash, 1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			else if (!ref_newer(&ref->new_oid, &ref->old_oid))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * "--force" will defeat any rejection implemented
+		 * by the rules above.
+		 */
+		if (!force_ref_update)
+			ref->status = reject_reason;
+		else if (reject_reason)
+			ref->forced_update = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void set_merge(struct branch *ret)
+{
+	struct remote *remote;
+	char *ref;
+	struct object_id oid;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!ret)
+		return; /* no branch */
+	if (ret->merge)
+		return; /* already run */
+	if (!ret->remote_name || !ret->merge_nr) {
+		/*
+		 * no merge config; let's make sure we don't confuse callers
+		 * with a non-zero merge_nr but a NULL merge
 		 */
+		ret->merge_nr = 0;
+		return;
+	}
 
-		ref->nonfastforward =
-			!ref->deletion &&
-			!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
-			(!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)
-			  || !ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1));
+	remote = remote_get(ret->remote_name);
 
-		if (ref->nonfastforward && !ref->force && !force_update) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
+	ret->merge = xcalloc(ret->merge_nr, sizeof(*ret->merge));
+	for (i = 0; i < ret->merge_nr; i++) {
+		ret->merge[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ret->merge));
+		ret->merge[i]->src = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
+		if (!remote_find_tracking(remote, ret->merge[i]) ||
+		    strcmp(ret->remote_name, "."))
 			continue;
-		}
+		if (dwim_ref(ret->merge_name[i], strlen(ret->merge_name[i]),
+			     oid.hash, &ref) == 1)
+			ret->merge[i]->dst = ref;
+		else
+			ret->merge[i]->dst = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1282,21 +1642,7 @@ struct branch *branch_get(const char *name)
 		ret = current_branch;
 	else
 		ret = make_branch(name, 0);
-	if (ret && ret->remote_name) {
-		ret->remote = remote_get(ret->remote_name);
-		if (ret->merge_nr) {
-			int i;
-			ret->merge = xcalloc(sizeof(*ret->merge),
-					     ret->merge_nr);
-			for (i = 0; i < ret->merge_nr; i++) {
-				ret->merge[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ret->merge));
-				ret->merge[i]->src = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
-				if (remote_find_tracking(ret->remote, ret->merge[i])
-				    && !strcmp(ret->remote_name, "."))
-					ret->merge[i]->dst = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	set_merge(ret);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1311,9 +1657,150 @@ int branch_merge_matches(struct branch *branch,
 {
 	if (!branch || i < 0 || i >= branch->merge_nr)
 		return 0;
-	return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname, ref_fetch_rules);
+	return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname);
 }
 
+__attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
+static const char *error_buf(struct strbuf *err, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	if (err) {
+		va_list ap;
+		va_start(ap, fmt);
+		strbuf_vaddf(err, fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+const char *branch_get_upstream(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	if (!branch)
+		return error_buf(err, _("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
+
+	if (!branch->merge || !branch->merge[0]) {
+		/*
+		 * no merge config; is it because the user didn't define any,
+		 * or because it is not a real branch, and get_branch
+		 * auto-vivified it?
+		 */
+		if (!ref_exists(branch->refname))
+			return error_buf(err, _("no such branch: '%s'"),
+					 branch->name);
+		return error_buf(err,
+				 _("no upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
+				 branch->name);
+	}
+
+	if (!branch->merge[0]->dst)
+		return error_buf(err,
+				 _("upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"),
+				 branch->merge[0]->src);
+
+	return branch->merge[0]->dst;
+}
+
+static const char *tracking_for_push_dest(struct remote *remote,
+					  const char *refname,
+					  struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	char *ret;
+
+	ret = apply_refspecs(remote->fetch, remote->fetch_refspec_nr, refname);
+	if (!ret)
+		return error_buf(err,
+				 _("push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"),
+				 refname, remote->name);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const char *branch_get_push_1(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	struct remote *remote;
+
+	if (!branch)
+		return error_buf(err, _("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
+
+	remote = remote_get(pushremote_for_branch(branch, NULL));
+	if (!remote)
+		return error_buf(err,
+				 _("branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"),
+				 branch->name);
+
+	if (remote->push_refspec_nr) {
+		char *dst;
+		const char *ret;
+
+		dst = apply_refspecs(remote->push, remote->push_refspec_nr,
+				     branch->refname);
+		if (!dst)
+			return error_buf(err,
+					 _("push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"),
+					 remote->name, branch->name);
+
+		ret = tracking_for_push_dest(remote, dst, err);
+		free(dst);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (remote->mirror)
+		return tracking_for_push_dest(remote, branch->refname, err);
+
+	switch (push_default) {
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
+		return error_buf(err, _("push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"));
+
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING:
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
+		return tracking_for_push_dest(remote, branch->refname, err);
+
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM:
+		return branch_get_upstream(branch, err);
+
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED:
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE:
+		{
+			const char *up, *cur;
+
+			up = branch_get_upstream(branch, err);
+			if (!up)
+				return NULL;
+			cur = tracking_for_push_dest(remote, branch->refname, err);
+			if (!cur)
+				return NULL;
+			if (strcmp(cur, up))
+				return error_buf(err,
+						 _("cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"));
+			return cur;
+		}
+	}
+
+	die("BUG: unhandled push situation");
+}
+
+const char *branch_get_push(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	if (!branch->push_tracking_ref)
+		branch->push_tracking_ref = branch_get_push_1(branch, err);
+	return branch->push_tracking_ref;
+}
+
+static int ignore_symref_update(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct object_id oid;
+	int flag;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, 0, oid.hash, &flag))
+		return 0; /* non-existing refs are OK */
+	return (flag & REF_ISSYMREF);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create and return a list of (struct ref) consisting of copies of
+ * each remote_ref that matches refspec.  refspec must be a pattern.
+ * Fill in the copies' peer_ref to describe the local tracking refs to
+ * which they map.  Omit any references that would map to an existing
+ * local symbolic ref.
+ */
 static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 				    const struct refspec *refspec)
 {
@@ -1321,22 +1808,23 @@ static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 	struct ref *ret = NULL;
 	struct ref **tail = &ret;
 
-	char *expn_name;
-
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		char *expn_name = NULL;
+
 		if (strchr(ref->name, '^'))
 			continue; /* a dereference item */
 		if (match_name_with_pattern(refspec->src, ref->name,
-					    refspec->dst, &expn_name)) {
+					    refspec->dst, &expn_name) &&
+		    !ignore_symref_update(expn_name)) {
 			struct ref *cpy = copy_ref(ref);
 
 			cpy->peer_ref = alloc_ref(expn_name);
-			free(expn_name);
 			if (refspec->force)
 				cpy->peer_ref->force = 1;
 			*tail = cpy;
 			tail = &cpy->next;
 		}
+		free(expn_name);
 	}
 
 	return ret;
@@ -1346,7 +1834,7 @@ static const struct ref *find_ref_by_name_abbrev(const struct ref *refs, const c
 {
 	const struct ref *ref;
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (refname_match(name, ref->name, ref_fetch_rules))
+		if (refname_match(name, ref->name))
 			return ref;
 	}
 	return NULL;
@@ -1367,12 +1855,12 @@ static struct ref *get_local_ref(const char *name)
 	if (!name || name[0] == '\0')
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/"))
+	if (starts_with(name, "refs/"))
 		return alloc_ref(name);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(name, "heads/") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(name, "tags/") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(name, "remotes/"))
+	if (starts_with(name, "heads/") ||
+	    starts_with(name, "tags/") ||
+	    starts_with(name, "remotes/"))
 		return alloc_ref_with_prefix("refs/", 5, name);
 
 	return alloc_ref_with_prefix("refs/heads/", 11, name);
@@ -1390,7 +1878,12 @@ int get_fetch_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 	} else {
 		const char *name = refspec->src[0] ? refspec->src : "HEAD";
 
-		ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		if (refspec->exact_sha1) {
+			ref_map = alloc_ref(name);
+			get_oid_hex(name, &ref_map->old_oid);
+		} else {
+			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		}
 		if (!missing_ok && !ref_map)
 			die("Couldn't find remote ref %s", name);
 		if (ref_map) {
@@ -1402,8 +1895,8 @@ int get_fetch_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 
 	for (rmp = &ref_map; *rmp; ) {
 		if ((*rmp)->peer_ref) {
-			if (check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name + 5,
-				REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+			if (!starts_with((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, "refs/") ||
+			    check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, 0)) {
 				struct ref *ignore = *rmp;
 				error("* Ignoring funny ref '%s' locally",
 				      (*rmp)->peer_ref->name);
@@ -1428,7 +1921,7 @@ int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list)
 		return 0;
 	for (; list; list = list->next)
 		if (!strcmp(ref->symref, list->name)) {
-			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, list->old_sha1);
+			oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &list->old_oid);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	return 1;
@@ -1437,29 +1930,28 @@ int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list)
 static void unmark_and_free(struct commit_list *list, unsigned int mark)
 {
 	while (list) {
-		struct commit_list *temp = list;
-		temp->item->object.flags &= ~mark;
-		list = temp->next;
-		free(temp);
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&list);
+		commit->object.flags &= ~mark;
 	}
 }
 
-int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
+int ref_newer(const struct object_id *new_oid, const struct object_id *old_oid)
 {
 	struct object *o;
 	struct commit *old, *new;
 	struct commit_list *list, *used;
 	int found = 0;
 
-	/* Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+	/*
+	 * Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
 	 * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
 	 */
-	o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_sha1), NULL, 0);
+	o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_oid->hash), NULL, 0);
 	if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 0;
 	old = (struct commit *) o;
 
-	o = deref_tag(parse_object(new_sha1), NULL, 0);
+	o = deref_tag(parse_object(new_oid->hash), NULL, 0);
 	if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 0;
 	new = (struct commit *) o;
@@ -1483,61 +1975,61 @@ int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 }
 
 /*
- * Return true if there is anything to report, otherwise false.
+ * Compare a branch with its upstream, and save their differences (number
+ * of commits) in *num_ours and *num_theirs. The name of the upstream branch
+ * (or NULL if no upstream is defined) is returned via *upstream_name, if it
+ * is not itself NULL.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 if num_ours and num_theirs could not be filled in (e.g., no
+ * upstream defined, or ref does not exist), 0 otherwise.
  */
-int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
+int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs,
+		       const char **upstream_name)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	struct commit *ours, *theirs;
-	char symmetric[84];
 	struct rev_info revs;
-	const char *rev_argv[10], *base;
-	int rev_argc;
+	const char *base;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
-	/*
-	 * Nothing to report unless we are marked to build on top of
-	 * somebody else.
-	 */
-	if (!branch ||
-	    !branch->merge || !branch->merge[0] || !branch->merge[0]->dst)
-		return 0;
+	/* Cannot stat unless we are marked to build on top of somebody else. */
+	base = branch_get_upstream(branch, NULL);
+	if (upstream_name)
+		*upstream_name = base;
+	if (!base)
+		return -1;
 
-	/*
-	 * If what we used to build on no longer exists, there is
-	 * nothing to report.
-	 */
-	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
-	if (read_ref(base, sha1))
-		return 0;
-	theirs = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	/* Cannot stat if what we used to build on no longer exists */
+	if (read_ref(base, oid.hash))
+		return -1;
+	theirs = lookup_commit_reference(oid.hash);
 	if (!theirs)
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 
-	if (read_ref(branch->refname, sha1))
-		return 0;
-	ours = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (read_ref(branch->refname, oid.hash))
+		return -1;
+	ours = lookup_commit_reference(oid.hash);
 	if (!ours)
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 
 	/* are we the same? */
-	if (theirs == ours)
+	if (theirs == ours) {
+		*num_theirs = *num_ours = 0;
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	/* Run "rev-list --left-right ours...theirs" internally... */
-	rev_argc = 0;
-	rev_argv[rev_argc++] = NULL;
-	rev_argv[rev_argc++] = "--left-right";
-	rev_argv[rev_argc++] = symmetric;
-	rev_argv[rev_argc++] = "--";
-	rev_argv[rev_argc] = NULL;
-
-	strcpy(symmetric, sha1_to_hex(ours->object.sha1));
-	strcpy(symmetric + 40, "...");
-	strcpy(symmetric + 43, sha1_to_hex(theirs->object.sha1));
+	argv_array_push(&argv, ""); /* ignored */
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--left-right");
+	argv_array_pushf(&argv, "%s...%s",
+			 oid_to_hex(&ours->object.oid),
+			 oid_to_hex(&theirs->object.oid));
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--");
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	setup_revisions(rev_argc, rev_argv, &revs, NULL);
-	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
+	setup_revisions(argv.argc, argv.argv, &revs, NULL);
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
 
 	/* ... and count the commits on each side. */
 	*num_ours = 0;
@@ -1555,7 +2047,9 @@ int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
 	/* clear object flags smudged by the above traversal */
 	clear_commit_marks(ours, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
 	clear_commit_marks(theirs, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
-	return 1;
+
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1563,45 +2057,79 @@ int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
  */
 int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	int num_ours, num_theirs;
-	const char *base;
+	int ours, theirs;
+	const char *full_base;
+	char *base;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs))
-		return 0;
+	if (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs, &full_base) < 0) {
+		if (!full_base)
+			return 0;
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+	}
 
-	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
-	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
-	if (!num_theirs)
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Your branch is ahead of '%s' "
-			    "by %d commit%s.\n",
-			    base, num_ours, (num_ours == 1) ? "" : "s");
-	else if (!num_ours)
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Your branch is behind '%s' "
-			    "by %d commit%s, "
-			    "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
-			    base, num_theirs, (num_theirs == 1) ? "" : "s");
-	else
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
-			    "and have %d and %d different commit(s) each, "
-			    "respectively.\n",
-			    base, num_ours, num_theirs);
+	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(full_base, 0);
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			_("Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"),
+			base);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"));
+	} else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			_("Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"),
+			base);
+	} else if (!theirs) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			Q_("Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n",
+			   "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n",
+			   ours),
+			base, ours);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"));
+	} else if (!ours) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			Q_("Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, "
+			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
+			   "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, "
+			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
+			   theirs),
+			base, theirs);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"));
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			Q_("Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+			       "and have %d and %d different commit each, "
+			       "respectively.\n",
+			   "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+			       "and have %d and %d different commits each, "
+			       "respectively.\n",
+			   ours + theirs),
+			base, ours, theirs);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"));
+	}
+	free(base);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			 int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct ref ***local_tail = cb_data;
 	struct ref *ref;
-	int len;
 
 	/* we already know it starts with refs/ to get here */
 	if (check_refname_format(refname + 5, 0))
 		return 0;
 
-	len = strlen(refname) + 1;
-	ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + len);
-	hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
-	memcpy(ref->name, refname, len);
+	ref = alloc_ref(refname);
+	oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, oid);
 	**local_tail = ref;
 	*local_tail = &ref->next;
 	return 0;
@@ -1610,6 +2138,7 @@ static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int fla
 struct ref *get_local_heads(void)
 {
 	struct ref *local_refs = NULL, **local_tail = &local_refs;
+
 	for_each_ref(one_local_ref, &local_tail);
 	return local_refs;
 }
@@ -1636,15 +2165,15 @@ struct ref *guess_remote_head(const struct ref *head,
 	/* If refs/heads/master could be right, it is. */
 	if (!all) {
 		r = find_ref_by_name(refs, "refs/heads/master");
-		if (r && !hashcmp(r->old_sha1, head->old_sha1))
+		if (r && !oidcmp(&r->old_oid, &head->old_oid))
 			return copy_ref(r);
 	}
 
 	/* Look for another ref that points there */
 	for (r = refs; r; r = r->next) {
 		if (r != head &&
-		    !prefixcmp(r->name, "refs/heads/") &&
-		    !hashcmp(r->old_sha1, head->old_sha1)) {
+		    starts_with(r->name, "refs/heads/") &&
+		    !oidcmp(&r->old_oid, &head->old_oid)) {
 			*tail = copy_ref(r);
 			tail = &((*tail)->next);
 			if (!all)
@@ -1662,29 +2191,41 @@ struct stale_heads_info {
 	int ref_count;
 };
 
-static int get_stale_heads_cb(const char *refname,
-	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int get_stale_heads_cb(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct stale_heads_info *info = cb_data;
+	struct string_list matches = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct refspec query;
+	int i, stale = 1;
 	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
 	query.dst = (char *)refname;
 
-	if (query_refspecs(info->refs, info->ref_count, &query))
-		return 0; /* No matches */
+	query_refspecs_multiple(info->refs, info->ref_count, &query, &matches);
+	if (matches.nr == 0)
+		goto clean_exit; /* No matches */
 
 	/*
 	 * If we did find a suitable refspec and it's not a symref and
 	 * it's not in the list of refs that currently exist in that
-	 * remote we consider it to be stale.
+	 * remote, we consider it to be stale. In order to deal with
+	 * overlapping refspecs, we need to go over all of the
+	 * matching refs.
 	 */
-	if (!((flags & REF_ISSYMREF) ||
-	      string_list_has_string(info->ref_names, query.src))) {
+	if (flags & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		goto clean_exit;
+
+	for (i = 0; stale && i < matches.nr; i++)
+		if (string_list_has_string(info->ref_names, matches.items[i].string))
+			stale = 0;
+
+	if (stale) {
 		struct ref *ref = make_linked_ref(refname, &info->stale_refs_tail);
-		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
+		oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, oid);
 	}
 
-	free(query.src);
+clean_exit:
+	string_list_clear(&matches, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1693,14 +2234,133 @@ struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *fet
 	struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = NULL;
 	struct string_list ref_names = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct stale_heads_info info;
+
 	info.ref_names = &ref_names;
 	info.stale_refs_tail = &stale_refs;
 	info.refs = refs;
 	info.ref_count = ref_count;
 	for (ref = fetch_map; ref; ref = ref->next)
 		string_list_append(&ref_names, ref->name);
-	sort_string_list(&ref_names);
+	string_list_sort(&ref_names);
 	for_each_ref(get_stale_heads_cb, &info);
 	string_list_clear(&ref_names, 0);
 	return stale_refs;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+static void clear_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++)
+		free(cas->entry[i].refname);
+	free(cas->entry);
+	memset(cas, 0, sizeof(*cas));
+}
+
+static struct push_cas *add_cas_entry(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+				      const char *refname,
+				      size_t refnamelen)
+{
+	struct push_cas *entry;
+	ALLOC_GROW(cas->entry, cas->nr + 1, cas->alloc);
+	entry = &cas->entry[cas->nr++];
+	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
+	entry->refname = xmemdupz(refname, refnamelen);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	const char *colon;
+	struct push_cas *entry;
+
+	if (unset) {
+		/* "--no-<option>" */
+		clear_cas_option(cas);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!arg) {
+		/* just "--<option>" */
+		cas->use_tracking_for_rest = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* "--<option>=refname" or "--<option>=refname:value" */
+	colon = strchrnul(arg, ':');
+	entry = add_cas_entry(cas, arg, colon - arg);
+	if (!*colon)
+		entry->use_tracking = 1;
+	else if (get_sha1(colon + 1, entry->expect))
+		return error("cannot parse expected object name '%s'", colon + 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return parse_push_cas_option(opt->value, arg, unset);
+}
+
+int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+	return !cas->use_tracking_for_rest && !cas->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look at remote.fetch refspec and see if we have a remote
+ * tracking branch for the refname there.  Fill its current
+ * value in sha1[].
+ * If we cannot do so, return negative to signal an error.
+ */
+static int remote_tracking(struct remote *remote, const char *refname,
+			   struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	char *dst;
+
+	dst = apply_refspecs(remote->fetch, remote->fetch_refspec_nr, refname);
+	if (!dst)
+		return -1; /* no tracking ref for refname at remote */
+	if (read_ref(dst, oid->hash))
+		return -1; /* we know what the tracking ref is but we cannot read it */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void apply_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+		      struct remote *remote,
+		      struct ref *ref)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* Find an explicit --<option>=<name>[:<value>] entry */
+	for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++) {
+		struct push_cas *entry = &cas->entry[i];
+		if (!refname_match(entry->refname, ref->name))
+			continue;
+		ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+		if (!entry->use_tracking)
+			hashcpy(ref->old_oid_expect.hash, cas->entry[i].expect);
+		else if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, &ref->old_oid_expect))
+			ref->expect_old_no_trackback = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Are we using "--<option>" to cover all? */
+	if (!cas->use_tracking_for_rest)
+		return;
+
+	ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+	if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, &ref->old_oid_expect))
+		ref->expect_old_no_trackback = 1;
+}
+
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+		    struct remote *remote,
+		    struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		apply_cas(cas, remote, ref);
+}
diff --git a/remote.h b/remote.h
index b3955983ba..c21fd3788c 100644
--- a/remote.h
+++ b/remote.h
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 #ifndef REMOTE_H
 #define REMOTE_H
 
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+
 enum {
+	REMOTE_UNCONFIGURED = 0,
 	REMOTE_CONFIG,
 	REMOTE_REMOTES,
 	REMOTE_BRANCHES
 };
 
 struct remote {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;  /* must be first */
+
 	const char *name;
 	int origin;
 
@@ -40,6 +46,7 @@ struct remote {
 	int fetch_tags;
 	int skip_default_update;
 	int mirror;
+	int prune;
 
 	const char *receivepack;
 	const char *uploadpack;
@@ -48,10 +55,12 @@ struct remote {
 	 * for curl remotes only
 	 */
 	char *http_proxy;
+	char *http_proxy_authmethod;
 };
 
 struct remote *remote_get(const char *name);
-int remote_is_configured(const char *name);
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name);
+int remote_is_configured(struct remote *remote);
 
 typedef int each_remote_fn(struct remote *remote, void *priv);
 int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv);
@@ -62,6 +71,7 @@ struct refspec {
 	unsigned force : 1;
 	unsigned pattern : 1;
 	unsigned matching : 1;
+	unsigned exact_sha1 : 1;
 
 	char *src;
 	char *dst;
@@ -69,9 +79,64 @@ struct refspec {
 
 extern const struct refspec *tag_refspec;
 
+struct ref {
+	struct ref *next;
+	struct object_id old_oid;
+	struct object_id new_oid;
+	struct object_id old_oid_expect; /* used by expect-old */
+	char *symref;
+	unsigned int
+		force:1,
+		forced_update:1,
+		expect_old_sha1:1,
+		expect_old_no_trackback:1,
+		deletion:1,
+		matched:1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Order is important here, as we write to FETCH_HEAD
+	 * in numeric order. And the default NOT_FOR_MERGE
+	 * should be 0, so that xcalloc'd structures get it
+	 * by default.
+	 */
+	enum {
+		FETCH_HEAD_MERGE = -1,
+		FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE = 0,
+		FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE = 1
+	} fetch_head_status;
+
+	enum {
+		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
+		REF_STATUS_OK,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW,
+		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
+		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
+		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT,
+		REF_STATUS_ATOMIC_PUSH_FAILED
+	} status;
+	char *remote_status;
+	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
+#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
+#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
+
+extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
+
 struct ref *alloc_ref(const char *name);
 struct ref *copy_ref(const struct ref *ref);
 struct ref *copy_ref_list(const struct ref *ref);
+void sort_ref_list(struct ref **, int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *));
+extern int count_refspec_match(const char *, struct ref *refs, struct ref **matched_ref);
+int ref_compare_name(const void *, const void *);
 
 int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags);
 
@@ -80,22 +145,34 @@ int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags);
  */
 void free_refs(struct ref *ref);
 
+struct sha1_array;
+extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+				     struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
+				     struct sha1_array *extra_have,
+				     struct sha1_array *shallow);
+
 int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list);
-int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1);
+int ref_newer(const struct object_id *new_oid, const struct object_id *old_oid);
 
 /*
- * Removes and frees any duplicate refs in the map.
+ * Remove and free all but the first of any entries in the input list
+ * that map the same remote reference to the same local reference.  If
+ * there are two entries that map different remote references to the
+ * same local reference, emit an error message and die.  Return a
+ * pointer to the head of the resulting list.
  */
-void ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map);
+struct ref *ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map);
 
 int valid_fetch_refspec(const char *refspec);
 struct refspec *parse_fetch_refspec(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec);
 
 void free_refspec(int nr_refspec, struct refspec *refspec);
 
+extern int query_refspecs(struct refspec *specs, int nr, struct refspec *query);
 char *apply_refspecs(struct refspec *refspecs, int nr_refspec,
 		     const char *name);
 
+int check_push_refs(struct ref *src, int nr_refspec, const char **refspec);
 int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 		    int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int all);
 void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
@@ -128,28 +205,54 @@ struct branch {
 	const char *refname;
 
 	const char *remote_name;
-	struct remote *remote;
+	const char *pushremote_name;
 
 	const char **merge_name;
 	struct refspec **merge;
 	int merge_nr;
 	int merge_alloc;
+
+	const char *push_tracking_ref;
 };
 
 struct branch *branch_get(const char *name);
+const char *remote_for_branch(struct branch *branch, int *explicit);
+const char *pushremote_for_branch(struct branch *branch, int *explicit);
 
 int branch_has_merge_config(struct branch *branch);
 int branch_merge_matches(struct branch *, int n, const char *);
 
+/**
+ * Return the fully-qualified refname of the tracking branch for `branch`.
+ * I.e., what "branch@{upstream}" would give you. Returns NULL if no
+ * upstream is defined.
+ *
+ * If `err` is not NULL and no upstream is defined, a more specific error
+ * message is recorded there (if the function does not return NULL, then
+ * `err` is not touched).
+ */
+const char *branch_get_upstream(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *err);
+
+/**
+ * Return the tracking branch that corresponds to the ref we would push to
+ * given a bare `git push` while `branch` is checked out.
+ *
+ * The return value and `err` conventions match those of `branch_get_upstream`.
+ */
+const char *branch_get_push(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *err);
+
 /* Flags to match_refs. */
 enum match_refs_flags {
 	MATCH_REFS_NONE		= 0,
 	MATCH_REFS_ALL 		= (1 << 0),
-	MATCH_REFS_MIRROR	= (1 << 1)
+	MATCH_REFS_MIRROR	= (1 << 1),
+	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2),
+	MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS	= (1 << 3)
 };
 
 /* Reporting of tracking info */
-int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs);
+int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs,
+		       const char **upstream_name);
 int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb);
 
 struct ref *get_local_heads(void);
@@ -166,4 +269,26 @@ struct ref *guess_remote_head(const struct ref *head,
 /* Return refs which no longer exist on remote */
 struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *fetch_map);
 
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+#define CAS_OPT_NAME "force-with-lease"
+
+struct push_cas_option {
+	unsigned use_tracking_for_rest:1;
+	struct push_cas {
+		unsigned char expect[20];
+		unsigned use_tracking:1;
+		char *refname;
+	} *entry;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+extern int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+extern int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+
+extern int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *);
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *, struct remote *, struct ref *);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/replace_object.c b/replace_object.c
index d0b1548726..f0b39f06d5 100644
--- a/replace_object.c
+++ b/replace_object.c
@@ -3,8 +3,13 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 
+/*
+ * An array of replacements.  The array is kept sorted by the original
+ * sha1.
+ */
 static struct replace_object {
-	unsigned char sha1[2][20];
+	unsigned char original[20];
+	unsigned char replacement[20];
 } **replace_object;
 
 static int replace_object_alloc, replace_object_nr;
@@ -12,7 +17,7 @@ static int replace_object_alloc, replace_object_nr;
 static const unsigned char *replace_sha1_access(size_t index, void *table)
 {
 	struct replace_object **replace = table;
-	return replace[index]->sha1[0];
+	return replace[index]->original;
 }
 
 static int replace_object_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -24,7 +29,7 @@ static int replace_object_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
 static int register_replace_object(struct replace_object *replace,
 				   int ignore_dups)
 {
-	int pos = replace_object_pos(replace->sha1[0]);
+	int pos = replace_object_pos(replace->original);
 
 	if (0 <= pos) {
 		if (ignore_dups)
@@ -36,12 +41,8 @@ static int register_replace_object(struct replace_object *replace,
 		return 1;
 	}
 	pos = -pos - 1;
-	if (replace_object_alloc <= ++replace_object_nr) {
-		replace_object_alloc = alloc_nr(replace_object_alloc);
-		replace_object = xrealloc(replace_object,
-					  sizeof(*replace_object) *
-					  replace_object_alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(replace_object, replace_object_nr + 1, replace_object_alloc);
+	replace_object_nr++;
 	if (pos < replace_object_nr)
 		memmove(replace_object + pos + 1,
 			replace_object + pos,
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ static int register_replace_object(struct replace_object *replace,
 }
 
 static int register_replace_ref(const char *refname,
-				const unsigned char *sha1,
+				const struct object_id *oid,
 				int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	/* Get sha1 from refname */
@@ -60,14 +61,14 @@ static int register_replace_ref(const char *refname,
 	const char *hash = slash ? slash + 1 : refname;
 	struct replace_object *repl_obj = xmalloc(sizeof(*repl_obj));
 
-	if (strlen(hash) != 40 || get_sha1_hex(hash, repl_obj->sha1[0])) {
+	if (strlen(hash) != 40 || get_sha1_hex(hash, repl_obj->original)) {
 		free(repl_obj);
 		warning("bad replace ref name: %s", refname);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* Copy sha1 from the read ref */
-	hashcpy(repl_obj->sha1[1], sha1);
+	hashcpy(repl_obj->replacement, oid->hash);
 
 	/* Register new object */
 	if (register_replace_object(repl_obj, 1))
@@ -86,20 +87,24 @@ static void prepare_replace_object(void)
 	for_each_replace_ref(register_replace_ref, NULL);
 	replace_object_prepared = 1;
 	if (!replace_object_nr)
-		read_replace_refs = 0;
+		check_replace_refs = 0;
 }
 
 /* We allow "recursive" replacement. Only within reason, though */
 #define MAXREPLACEDEPTH 5
 
+/*
+ * If a replacement for object sha1 has been set up, return the
+ * replacement object's name (replaced recursively, if necessary).
+ * The return value is either sha1 or a pointer to a
+ * permanently-allocated value.  This function always respects replace
+ * references, regardless of the value of check_replace_refs.
+ */
 const unsigned char *do_lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int pos, depth = MAXREPLACEDEPTH;
 	const unsigned char *cur = sha1;
 
-	if (!read_replace_refs)
-		return sha1;
-
 	prepare_replace_object();
 
 	/* Try to recursively replace the object */
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ const unsigned char *do_lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 		pos = replace_object_pos(cur);
 		if (0 <= pos)
-			cur = replace_object[pos]->sha1[1];
+			cur = replace_object[pos]->replacement;
 	} while (0 <= pos);
 
 	return cur;
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
index dcb525a4d0..aaadec17d8 100644
--- a/rerere.c
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
@@ -6,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "attr.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
 
 #define RESOLVED 0
 #define PUNTED 1
@@ -18,47 +21,216 @@ static int rerere_enabled = -1;
 /* automatically update cleanly resolved paths to the index */
 static int rerere_autoupdate;
 
-static char *merge_rr_path;
+static int rerere_dir_nr;
+static int rerere_dir_alloc;
 
-const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file)
+#define RR_HAS_POSTIMAGE 1
+#define RR_HAS_PREIMAGE 2
+static struct rerere_dir {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int status_alloc, status_nr;
+	unsigned char *status;
+} **rerere_dir;
+
+static void free_rerere_dirs(void)
 {
-	return git_path("rr-cache/%s/%s", hex, file);
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < rerere_dir_nr; i++) {
+		free(rerere_dir[i]->status);
+		free(rerere_dir[i]);
+	}
+	free(rerere_dir);
+	rerere_dir_nr = rerere_dir_alloc = 0;
+	rerere_dir = NULL;
 }
 
-int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex)
+static void free_rerere_id(struct string_list_item *item)
 {
-	struct stat st;
-	return !stat(rerere_path(hex, "postimage"), &st);
+	free(item->util);
 }
 
-static void read_rr(struct string_list *rr)
+static const char *rerere_id_hex(const struct rerere_id *id)
+{
+	return sha1_to_hex(id->collection->sha1);
+}
+
+static void fit_variant(struct rerere_dir *rr_dir, int variant)
+{
+	variant++;
+	ALLOC_GROW(rr_dir->status, variant, rr_dir->status_alloc);
+	if (rr_dir->status_nr < variant) {
+		memset(rr_dir->status + rr_dir->status_nr,
+		       '\0', variant - rr_dir->status_nr);
+		rr_dir->status_nr = variant;
+	}
+}
+
+static void assign_variant(struct rerere_id *id)
+{
+	int variant;
+	struct rerere_dir *rr_dir = id->collection;
+
+	variant = id->variant;
+	if (variant < 0) {
+		for (variant = 0; variant < rr_dir->status_nr; variant++)
+			if (!rr_dir->status[variant])
+				break;
+	}
+	fit_variant(rr_dir, variant);
+	id->variant = variant;
+}
+
+const char *rerere_path(const struct rerere_id *id, const char *file)
+{
+	if (!file)
+		return git_path("rr-cache/%s", rerere_id_hex(id));
+
+	if (id->variant <= 0)
+		return git_path("rr-cache/%s/%s", rerere_id_hex(id), file);
+
+	return git_path("rr-cache/%s/%s.%d",
+			rerere_id_hex(id), file, id->variant);
+}
+
+static int is_rr_file(const char *name, const char *filename, int *variant)
+{
+	const char *suffix;
+	char *ep;
+
+	if (!strcmp(name, filename)) {
+		*variant = 0;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!skip_prefix(name, filename, &suffix) || *suffix != '.')
+		return 0;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	*variant = strtol(suffix + 1, &ep, 10);
+	if (errno || *ep)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void scan_rerere_dir(struct rerere_dir *rr_dir)
+{
+	struct dirent *de;
+	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", sha1_to_hex(rr_dir->sha1)));
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return;
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		int variant;
+
+		if (is_rr_file(de->d_name, "postimage", &variant)) {
+			fit_variant(rr_dir, variant);
+			rr_dir->status[variant] |= RR_HAS_POSTIMAGE;
+		} else if (is_rr_file(de->d_name, "preimage", &variant)) {
+			fit_variant(rr_dir, variant);
+			rr_dir->status[variant] |= RR_HAS_PREIMAGE;
+		}
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *rerere_dir_sha1(size_t i, void *table)
+{
+	struct rerere_dir **rr_dir = table;
+	return rr_dir[i]->sha1;
+}
+
+static struct rerere_dir *find_rerere_dir(const char *hex)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char buf[PATH_MAX];
-	FILE *in = fopen(merge_rr_path, "r");
+	struct rerere_dir *rr_dir;
+	int pos;
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
+		return NULL; /* BUG */
+	pos = sha1_pos(sha1, rerere_dir, rerere_dir_nr, rerere_dir_sha1);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		rr_dir = xmalloc(sizeof(*rr_dir));
+		hashcpy(rr_dir->sha1, sha1);
+		rr_dir->status = NULL;
+		rr_dir->status_nr = 0;
+		rr_dir->status_alloc = 0;
+		pos = -1 - pos;
+
+		/* Make sure the array is big enough ... */
+		ALLOC_GROW(rerere_dir, rerere_dir_nr + 1, rerere_dir_alloc);
+		/* ... and add it in. */
+		rerere_dir_nr++;
+		memmove(rerere_dir + pos + 1, rerere_dir + pos,
+			(rerere_dir_nr - pos - 1) * sizeof(*rerere_dir));
+		rerere_dir[pos] = rr_dir;
+		scan_rerere_dir(rr_dir);
+	}
+	return rerere_dir[pos];
+}
+
+static int has_rerere_resolution(const struct rerere_id *id)
+{
+	const int both = RR_HAS_POSTIMAGE|RR_HAS_PREIMAGE;
+	int variant = id->variant;
+
+	if (variant < 0)
+		return 0;
+	return ((id->collection->status[variant] & both) == both);
+}
+
+static struct rerere_id *new_rerere_id_hex(char *hex)
+{
+	struct rerere_id *id = xmalloc(sizeof(*id));
+	id->collection = find_rerere_dir(hex);
+	id->variant = -1; /* not known yet */
+	return id;
+}
+
+static struct rerere_id *new_rerere_id(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return new_rerere_id_hex(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * $GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR file is a collection of records, each of which is
+ * "conflict ID", a HT and pathname, terminated with a NUL, and is
+ * used to keep track of the set of paths that "rerere" may need to
+ * work on (i.e. what is left by the previous invocation of "git
+ * rerere" during the current conflict resolution session).
+ */
+static void read_rr(struct string_list *rr)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *in = fopen(git_path_merge_rr(), "r");
+
 	if (!in)
 		return;
-	while (fread(buf, 40, 1, in) == 1) {
-		int i;
-		char *name;
-		if (get_sha1_hex(buf, sha1))
-			die("corrupt MERGE_RR");
-		buf[40] = '\0';
-		name = xstrdup(buf);
-		if (fgetc(in) != '\t')
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, in, '\0')) {
+		char *path;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct rerere_id *id;
+		int variant;
+
+		/* There has to be the hash, tab, path and then NUL */
+		if (buf.len < 42 || get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1))
 			die("corrupt MERGE_RR");
-		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf); i++) {
-			int c = fgetc(in);
-			if (c < 0)
+
+		if (buf.buf[40] != '.') {
+			variant = 0;
+			path = buf.buf + 40;
+		} else {
+			errno = 0;
+			variant = strtol(buf.buf + 41, &path, 10);
+			if (errno)
 				die("corrupt MERGE_RR");
-			buf[i] = c;
-			if (c == 0)
-				 break;
 		}
-		if (i == sizeof(buf))
-			die("filename too long");
-		string_list_insert(rr, buf)->util = name;
+		if (*(path++) != '\t')
+			die("corrupt MERGE_RR");
+		buf.buf[40] = '\0';
+		id = new_rerere_id_hex(buf.buf);
+		id->variant = variant;
+		string_list_insert(rr, path)->util = id;
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	fclose(in);
 }
 
@@ -68,22 +240,49 @@ static int write_rr(struct string_list *rr, int out_fd)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < rr->nr; i++) {
-		const char *path;
-		int length;
-		if (!rr->items[i].util)
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct rerere_id *id;
+
+		assert(rr->items[i].util != RERERE_RESOLVED);
+
+		id = rr->items[i].util;
+		if (!id)
 			continue;
-		path = rr->items[i].string;
-		length = strlen(path) + 1;
-		if (write_in_full(out_fd, rr->items[i].util, 40) != 40 ||
-		    write_str_in_full(out_fd, "\t") != 1 ||
-		    write_in_full(out_fd, path, length) != length)
+		assert(id->variant >= 0);
+		if (0 < id->variant)
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.%d\t%s%c",
+				    rerere_id_hex(id), id->variant,
+				    rr->items[i].string, 0);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\t%s%c",
+				    rerere_id_hex(id),
+				    rr->items[i].string, 0);
+
+		if (write_in_full(out_fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 			die("unable to write rerere record");
+
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 	if (commit_lock_file(&write_lock) != 0)
 		die("unable to write rerere record");
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * "rerere" interacts with conflicted file contents using this I/O
+ * abstraction.  It reads a conflicted contents from one place via
+ * "getline()" method, and optionally can write it out after
+ * normalizing the conflicted hunks to the "output".  Subclasses of
+ * rerere_io embed this structure at the beginning of their own
+ * rerere_io object.
+ */
+struct rerere_io {
+	int (*getline)(struct strbuf *, struct rerere_io *);
+	FILE *output;
+	int wrerror;
+	/* some more stuff */
+};
+
 static void ferr_write(const void *p, size_t count, FILE *fp, int *err)
 {
 	if (!count || *err)
@@ -97,31 +296,34 @@ static inline void ferr_puts(const char *s, FILE *fp, int *err)
 	ferr_write(s, strlen(s), fp, err);
 }
 
-struct rerere_io {
-	int (*getline)(struct strbuf *, struct rerere_io *);
-	FILE *output;
-	int wrerror;
-	/* some more stuff */
-};
-
 static void rerere_io_putstr(const char *str, struct rerere_io *io)
 {
 	if (io->output)
 		ferr_puts(str, io->output, &io->wrerror);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Write a conflict marker to io->output (if defined).
+ */
 static void rerere_io_putconflict(int ch, int size, struct rerere_io *io)
 {
 	char buf[64];
 
 	while (size) {
-		if (size < sizeof(buf) - 2) {
+		if (size <= sizeof(buf) - 2) {
 			memset(buf, ch, size);
 			buf[size] = '\n';
 			buf[size + 1] = '\0';
 			size = 0;
 		} else {
 			int sz = sizeof(buf) - 1;
+
+			/*
+			 * Make sure we will not write everything out
+			 * in this round by leaving at least 1 byte
+			 * for the next round, giving the next round
+			 * a chance to add the terminating LF.  Yuck.
+			 */
 			if (size <= sz)
 				sz -= (sz - size) + 1;
 			memset(buf, ch, sz);
@@ -138,19 +340,42 @@ static void rerere_io_putmem(const char *mem, size_t sz, struct rerere_io *io)
 		ferr_write(mem, sz, io->output, &io->wrerror);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Subclass of rerere_io that reads from an on-disk file
+ */
 struct rerere_io_file {
 	struct rerere_io io;
 	FILE *input;
 };
 
+/*
+ * ... and its getline() method implementation
+ */
 static int rerere_file_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
 {
 	struct rerere_io_file *io = (struct rerere_io_file *)io_;
 	return strbuf_getwholeline(sb, io->input, '\n');
 }
 
-static int is_cmarker(char *buf, int marker_char, int marker_size, int want_sp)
+/*
+ * Require the exact number of conflict marker letters, no more, no
+ * less, followed by SP or any whitespace
+ * (including LF).
+ */
+static int is_cmarker(char *buf, int marker_char, int marker_size)
 {
+	int want_sp;
+
+	/*
+	 * The beginning of our version and the end of their version
+	 * always are labeled like "<<<<< ours" or ">>>>> theirs",
+	 * hence we set want_sp for them.  Note that the version from
+	 * the common ancestor in diff3-style output is not always
+	 * labelled (e.g. "||||| common" is often seen but "|||||"
+	 * alone is also valid), so we do not set want_sp.
+	 */
+	want_sp = (marker_char == '<') || (marker_char == '>');
+
 	while (marker_size--)
 		if (*buf++ != marker_char)
 			return 0;
@@ -159,6 +384,21 @@ static int is_cmarker(char *buf, int marker_char, int marker_size, int want_sp)
 	return isspace(*buf);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read contents a file with conflicts, normalize the conflicts
+ * by (1) discarding the common ancestor version in diff3-style,
+ * (2) reordering our side and their side so that whichever sorts
+ * alphabetically earlier comes before the other one, while
+ * computing the "conflict ID", which is just an SHA-1 hash of
+ * one side of the conflict, NUL, the other side of the conflict,
+ * and NUL concatenated together.
+ *
+ * Return the number of conflict hunks found.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: the logic and theory of operation behind this conflict
+ * normalization may deserve to be documented somewhere, perhaps in
+ * Documentation/technical/rerere.txt.
+ */
 static int handle_path(unsigned char *sha1, struct rerere_io *io, int marker_size)
 {
 	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
@@ -173,19 +413,19 @@ static int handle_path(unsigned char *sha1, struct rerere_io *io, int marker_siz
 		git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
 
 	while (!io->getline(&buf, io)) {
-		if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '<', marker_size, 1)) {
+		if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '<', marker_size)) {
 			if (hunk != RR_CONTEXT)
 				goto bad;
 			hunk = RR_SIDE_1;
-		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '|', marker_size, 0)) {
+		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '|', marker_size)) {
 			if (hunk != RR_SIDE_1)
 				goto bad;
 			hunk = RR_ORIGINAL;
-		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '=', marker_size, 0)) {
+		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '=', marker_size)) {
 			if (hunk != RR_SIDE_1 && hunk != RR_ORIGINAL)
 				goto bad;
 			hunk = RR_SIDE_2;
-		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '>', marker_size, 1)) {
+		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '>', marker_size)) {
 			if (hunk != RR_SIDE_2)
 				goto bad;
 			if (strbuf_cmp(&one, &two) > 0)
@@ -206,11 +446,11 @@ static int handle_path(unsigned char *sha1, struct rerere_io *io, int marker_siz
 			strbuf_reset(&one);
 			strbuf_reset(&two);
 		} else if (hunk == RR_SIDE_1)
-			strbuf_addstr(&one, buf.buf);
+			strbuf_addbuf(&one, &buf);
 		else if (hunk == RR_ORIGINAL)
 			; /* discard */
 		else if (hunk == RR_SIDE_2)
-			strbuf_addstr(&two, buf.buf);
+			strbuf_addbuf(&two, &buf);
 		else
 			rerere_io_putstr(buf.buf, io);
 		continue;
@@ -229,6 +469,10 @@ static int handle_path(unsigned char *sha1, struct rerere_io *io, int marker_siz
 	return hunk_no;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Scan the path for conflicts, do the "handle_path()" thing above, and
+ * return the number of conflict hunks found.
+ */
 static int handle_file(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
 {
 	int hunk_no = 0;
@@ -257,8 +501,7 @@ static int handle_file(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output
 		error("There were errors while writing %s (%s)",
 		      path, strerror(io.io.wrerror));
 	if (io.io.output && fclose(io.io.output))
-		io.io.wrerror = error("Failed to flush %s: %s",
-				      path, strerror(errno));
+		io.io.wrerror = error_errno("Failed to flush %s", path);
 
 	if (hunk_no < 0) {
 		if (output)
@@ -270,95 +513,17 @@ static int handle_file(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output
 	return hunk_no;
 }
 
-struct rerere_io_mem {
-	struct rerere_io io;
-	struct strbuf input;
-};
-
-static int rerere_mem_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
-{
-	struct rerere_io_mem *io = (struct rerere_io_mem *)io_;
-	char *ep;
-	size_t len;
-
-	strbuf_release(sb);
-	if (!io->input.len)
-		return -1;
-	ep = strchrnul(io->input.buf, '\n');
-	if (*ep == '\n')
-		ep++;
-	len = ep - io->input.buf;
-	strbuf_add(sb, io->input.buf, len);
-	strbuf_remove(&io->input, 0, len);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
-{
-	mmfile_t mmfile[3];
-	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
-	int pos, len, i, hunk_no;
-	struct rerere_io_mem io;
-	int marker_size = ll_merge_marker_size(path);
-
-	/*
-	 * Reproduce the conflicted merge in-core
-	 */
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
-	if (0 <= pos)
-		return -1;
-	pos = -pos - 1;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-		enum object_type type;
-		unsigned long size;
-
-		mmfile[i].size = 0;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = NULL;
-		if (active_nr <= pos)
-			break;
-		ce = active_cache[pos++];
-		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len)
-		    || ce_stage(ce) != i + 1)
-			break;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
-		mmfile[i].size = size;
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-		if (!mmfile[i].ptr && !mmfile[i].size)
-			mmfile[i].ptr = xstrdup("");
-	}
-	/*
-	 * NEEDSWORK: handle conflicts from merges with
-	 * merge.renormalize set, too
-	 */
-	ll_merge(&result, path, &mmfile[0], NULL,
-		 &mmfile[1], "ours",
-		 &mmfile[2], "theirs", NULL);
-	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-		free(mmfile[i].ptr);
-
-	memset(&io, 0, sizeof(io));
-	io.io.getline = rerere_mem_getline;
-	if (output)
-		io.io.output = fopen(output, "w");
-	else
-		io.io.output = NULL;
-	strbuf_init(&io.input, 0);
-	strbuf_attach(&io.input, result.ptr, result.size, result.size);
-
-	hunk_no = handle_path(sha1, (struct rerere_io *)&io, marker_size);
-	strbuf_release(&io.input);
-	if (io.io.output)
-		fclose(io.io.output);
-	return hunk_no;
-}
-
+/*
+ * Look at a cache entry at "i" and see if it is not conflicting,
+ * conflicting and we are willing to handle, or conflicting and
+ * we are unable to handle, and return the determination in *type.
+ * Return the cache index to be looked at next, by skipping the
+ * stages we have already looked at in this invocation of this
+ * function.
+ */
 static int check_one_conflict(int i, int *type)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+	const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 
 	if (!ce_stage(e)) {
 		*type = RESOLVED;
@@ -366,15 +531,13 @@ static int check_one_conflict(int i, int *type)
 	}
 
 	*type = PUNTED;
-	if (ce_stage(e) == 1) {
-		if (active_nr <= ++i)
-			return i + 1;
-	}
+	while (ce_stage(active_cache[i]) == 1)
+		i++;
 
 	/* Only handle regular files with both stages #2 and #3 */
 	if (i + 1 < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
-		struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i + 1];
+		const struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i + 1];
 		if (ce_stage(e2) == 2 &&
 		    ce_stage(e3) == 3 &&
 		    ce_same_name(e, e3) &&
@@ -389,6 +552,17 @@ static int check_one_conflict(int i, int *type)
 	return i;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Scan the index and find paths that have conflicts that rerere can
+ * handle, i.e. the ones that has both stages #2 and #3.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: we do not record or replay a previous "resolve by
+ * deletion" for a delete-modify conflict, as that is inherently risky
+ * without knowing what modification is being discarded.  The only
+ * safe case, i.e. both side doing the deletion and modification that
+ * are identical to the previous round, might want to be handled,
+ * though.
+ */
 static int find_conflict(struct string_list *conflict)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -397,7 +571,7 @@ static int find_conflict(struct string_list *conflict)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
 		int conflict_type;
-		struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 		i = check_one_conflict(i, &conflict_type);
 		if (conflict_type == THREE_STAGED)
 			string_list_insert(conflict, (const char *)e->name);
@@ -405,15 +579,32 @@ static int find_conflict(struct string_list *conflict)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * The merge_rr list is meant to hold outstanding conflicted paths
+ * that rerere could handle.  Abuse the list by adding other types of
+ * entries to allow the caller to show "rerere remaining".
+ *
+ * - Conflicted paths that rerere does not handle are added
+ * - Conflicted paths that have been resolved are marked as such
+ *   by storing RERERE_RESOLVED to .util field (where conflict ID
+ *   is expected to be stored).
+ *
+ * Do *not* write MERGE_RR file out after calling this function.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: we may want to fix the caller that implements "rerere
+ * remaining" to do this without abusing merge_rr.
+ */
 int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *merge_rr)
 {
 	int i;
+	if (setup_rerere(merge_rr, RERERE_READONLY))
+		return 0;
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		return error("Could not read index");
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
 		int conflict_type;
-		struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 		i = check_one_conflict(i, &conflict_type);
 		if (conflict_type == PUNTED)
 			string_list_insert(merge_rr, (const char *)e->name);
@@ -421,7 +612,7 @@ int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *merge_rr)
 			struct string_list_item *it;
 			it = string_list_lookup(merge_rr, (const char *)e->name);
 			if (it != NULL) {
-				free(it->util);
+				free_rerere_id(it);
 				it->util = RERERE_RESOLVED;
 			}
 		}
@@ -429,44 +620,83 @@ int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *merge_rr)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int merge(const char *name, const char *path)
+/*
+ * Try using the given conflict resolution "ID" to see
+ * if that recorded conflict resolves cleanly what we
+ * got in the "cur".
+ */
+static int try_merge(const struct rerere_id *id, const char *path,
+		     mmfile_t *cur, mmbuffer_t *result)
 {
 	int ret;
-	mmfile_t cur = {NULL, 0}, base = {NULL, 0}, other = {NULL, 0};
-	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
+	mmfile_t base = {NULL, 0}, other = {NULL, 0};
 
-	if (handle_file(path, NULL, rerere_path(name, "thisimage")) < 0)
-		return 1;
+	if (read_mmfile(&base, rerere_path(id, "preimage")) ||
+	    read_mmfile(&other, rerere_path(id, "postimage")))
+		ret = 1;
+	else
+		/*
+		 * A three-way merge. Note that this honors user-customizable
+		 * low-level merge driver settings.
+		 */
+		ret = ll_merge(result, path, &base, NULL, cur, "", &other, "", NULL);
+
+	free(base.ptr);
+	free(other.ptr);
+
+	return ret;
+}
 
-	if (read_mmfile(&cur, rerere_path(name, "thisimage")) ||
-			read_mmfile(&base, rerere_path(name, "preimage")) ||
-			read_mmfile(&other, rerere_path(name, "postimage"))) {
+/*
+ * Find the conflict identified by "id"; the change between its
+ * "preimage" (i.e. a previous contents with conflict markers) and its
+ * "postimage" (i.e. the corresponding contents with conflicts
+ * resolved) may apply cleanly to the contents stored in "path", i.e.
+ * the conflict this time around.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 for successful replay of recorded resolution, or non-zero
+ * for failure.
+ */
+static int merge(const struct rerere_id *id, const char *path)
+{
+	FILE *f;
+	int ret;
+	mmfile_t cur = {NULL, 0};
+	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
+
+	/*
+	 * Normalize the conflicts in path and write it out to
+	 * "thisimage" temporary file.
+	 */
+	if ((handle_file(path, NULL, rerere_path(id, "thisimage")) < 0) ||
+	    read_mmfile(&cur, rerere_path(id, "thisimage"))) {
 		ret = 1;
 		goto out;
 	}
-	ret = ll_merge(&result, path, &base, NULL, &cur, "", &other, "", NULL);
-	if (!ret) {
-		FILE *f;
-
-		if (utime(rerere_path(name, "postimage"), NULL) < 0)
-			warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
-					rerere_path(name, "postimage"),
-					strerror(errno));
-		f = fopen(path, "w");
-		if (!f)
-			return error("Could not open %s: %s", path,
-				     strerror(errno));
-		if (fwrite(result.ptr, result.size, 1, f) != 1)
-			error("Could not write %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
-		if (fclose(f))
-			return error("Writing %s failed: %s", path,
-				     strerror(errno));
-	}
+
+	ret = try_merge(id, path, &cur, &result);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * A successful replay of recorded resolution.
+	 * Mark that "postimage" was used to help gc.
+	 */
+	if (utime(rerere_path(id, "postimage"), NULL) < 0)
+		warning_errno("failed utime() on %s",
+			      rerere_path(id, "postimage"));
+
+	/* Update "path" with the resolution */
+	f = fopen(path, "w");
+	if (!f)
+		return error_errno("Could not open %s", path);
+	if (fwrite(result.ptr, result.size, 1, f) != 1)
+		error_errno("Could not write %s", path);
+	if (fclose(f))
+		return error_errno("Writing %s failed", path);
 
 out:
 	free(cur.ptr);
-	free(base.ptr);
-	free(other.ptr);
 	free(result.ptr);
 
 	return ret;
@@ -474,28 +704,111 @@ out:
 
 static struct lock_file index_lock;
 
-static int update_paths(struct string_list *update)
+static void update_paths(struct string_list *update)
 {
 	int i;
-	int fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
-	int status = 0;
 
-	if (fd < 0)
-		return -1;
+	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < update->nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = &update->items[i];
-		if (add_file_to_cache(item->string, ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS))
-			status = -1;
+		if (add_file_to_cache(item->string, 0))
+			exit(128);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Staged '%s' using previous resolution.\n",
+			item->string);
 	}
 
-	if (!status && active_cache_changed) {
-		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
+	if (active_cache_changed) {
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die("Unable to write new index file");
-	} else if (fd >= 0)
+	} else
 		rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
-	return status;
+}
+
+static void remove_variant(struct rerere_id *id)
+{
+	unlink_or_warn(rerere_path(id, "postimage"));
+	unlink_or_warn(rerere_path(id, "preimage"));
+	id->collection->status[id->variant] = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The path indicated by rr_item may still have conflict for which we
+ * have a recorded resolution, in which case replay it and optionally
+ * update it.  Or it may have been resolved by the user and we may
+ * only have the preimage for that conflict, in which case the result
+ * needs to be recorded as a resolution in a postimage file.
+ */
+static void do_rerere_one_path(struct string_list_item *rr_item,
+			       struct string_list *update)
+{
+	const char *path = rr_item->string;
+	struct rerere_id *id = rr_item->util;
+	struct rerere_dir *rr_dir = id->collection;
+	int variant;
+
+	variant = id->variant;
+
+	/* Has the user resolved it already? */
+	if (variant >= 0) {
+		if (!handle_file(path, NULL, NULL)) {
+			copy_file(rerere_path(id, "postimage"), path, 0666);
+			id->collection->status[variant] |= RR_HAS_POSTIMAGE;
+			fprintf(stderr, "Recorded resolution for '%s'.\n", path);
+			free_rerere_id(rr_item);
+			rr_item->util = NULL;
+			return;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * There may be other variants that can cleanly
+		 * replay.  Try them and update the variant number for
+		 * this one.
+		 */
+	}
+
+	/* Does any existing resolution apply cleanly? */
+	for (variant = 0; variant < rr_dir->status_nr; variant++) {
+		const int both = RR_HAS_PREIMAGE | RR_HAS_POSTIMAGE;
+		struct rerere_id vid = *id;
+
+		if ((rr_dir->status[variant] & both) != both)
+			continue;
+
+		vid.variant = variant;
+		if (merge(&vid, path))
+			continue; /* failed to replay */
+
+		/*
+		 * If there already is a different variant that applies
+		 * cleanly, there is no point maintaining our own variant.
+		 */
+		if (0 <= id->variant && id->variant != variant)
+			remove_variant(id);
+
+		if (rerere_autoupdate)
+			string_list_insert(update, path);
+		else
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"Resolved '%s' using previous resolution.\n",
+				path);
+		free_rerere_id(rr_item);
+		rr_item->util = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* None of the existing one applies; we need a new variant */
+	assign_variant(id);
+
+	variant = id->variant;
+	handle_file(path, NULL, rerere_path(id, "preimage"));
+	if (id->collection->status[variant] & RR_HAS_POSTIMAGE) {
+		const char *path = rerere_path(id, "postimage");
+		if (unlink(path))
+			die_errno("cannot unlink stray '%s'", path);
+		id->collection->status[variant] &= ~RR_HAS_POSTIMAGE;
+	}
+	id->collection->status[variant] |= RR_HAS_PREIMAGE;
+	fprintf(stderr, "Recorded preimage for '%s'\n", path);
 }
 
 static int do_plain_rerere(struct string_list *rr, int fd)
@@ -507,97 +820,67 @@ static int do_plain_rerere(struct string_list *rr, int fd)
 	find_conflict(&conflict);
 
 	/*
-	 * MERGE_RR records paths with conflicts immediately after merge
-	 * failed.  Some of the conflicted paths might have been hand resolved
-	 * in the working tree since then, but the initial run would catch all
-	 * and register their preimages.
+	 * MERGE_RR records paths with conflicts immediately after
+	 * merge failed.  Some of the conflicted paths might have been
+	 * hand resolved in the working tree since then, but the
+	 * initial run would catch all and register their preimages.
 	 */
-
 	for (i = 0; i < conflict.nr; i++) {
+		struct rerere_id *id;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		const char *path = conflict.items[i].string;
-		if (!string_list_has_string(rr, path)) {
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			char *hex;
-			int ret;
-			ret = handle_file(path, sha1, NULL);
-			if (ret < 1)
-				continue;
-			hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			string_list_insert(rr, path)->util = hex;
-			if (mkdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", hex), 0755))
-				continue;
-			handle_file(path, NULL, rerere_path(hex, "preimage"));
-			fprintf(stderr, "Recorded preimage for '%s'\n", path);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Now some of the paths that had conflicts earlier might have been
-	 * hand resolved.  Others may be similar to a conflict already that
-	 * was resolved before.
-	 */
-
-	for (i = 0; i < rr->nr; i++) {
 		int ret;
-		const char *path = rr->items[i].string;
-		const char *name = (const char *)rr->items[i].util;
-
-		if (has_rerere_resolution(name)) {
-			if (!merge(name, path)) {
-				if (rerere_autoupdate)
-					string_list_insert(&update, path);
-				fprintf(stderr,
-					"%s '%s' using previous resolution.\n",
-					rerere_autoupdate
-					? "Staged" : "Resolved",
-					path);
-				goto mark_resolved;
-			}
-		}
 
-		/* Let's see if we have resolved it. */
-		ret = handle_file(path, NULL, NULL);
-		if (ret)
+		if (string_list_has_string(rr, path))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Ask handle_file() to scan and assign a
+		 * conflict ID.  No need to write anything out
+		 * yet.
+		 */
+		ret = handle_file(path, sha1, NULL);
+		if (ret < 1)
 			continue;
 
-		fprintf(stderr, "Recorded resolution for '%s'.\n", path);
-		copy_file(rerere_path(name, "postimage"), path, 0666);
-	mark_resolved:
-		rr->items[i].util = NULL;
+		id = new_rerere_id(sha1);
+		string_list_insert(rr, path)->util = id;
+
+		/* Ensure that the directory exists. */
+		mkdir_in_gitdir(rerere_path(id, NULL));
 	}
 
+	for (i = 0; i < rr->nr; i++)
+		do_rerere_one_path(&rr->items[i], &update);
+
 	if (update.nr)
 		update_paths(&update);
 
 	return write_rr(rr, fd);
 }
 
-static int git_rerere_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void git_rerere_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "rerere.enabled"))
-		rerere_enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "rerere.autoupdate"))
-		rerere_autoupdate = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	else
-		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-	return 0;
+	git_config_get_bool("rerere.enabled", &rerere_enabled);
+	git_config_get_bool("rerere.autoupdate", &rerere_autoupdate);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 }
 
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_rr_cache, "rr-cache")
+
 static int is_rerere_enabled(void)
 {
-	const char *rr_cache;
 	int rr_cache_exists;
 
 	if (!rerere_enabled)
 		return 0;
 
-	rr_cache = git_path("rr-cache");
-	rr_cache_exists = is_directory(rr_cache);
+	rr_cache_exists = is_directory(git_path_rr_cache());
 	if (rerere_enabled < 0)
 		return rr_cache_exists;
 
-	if (!rr_cache_exists && mkdir_in_gitdir(rr_cache))
-		die("Could not create directory %s", rr_cache);
+	if (!rr_cache_exists && mkdir_in_gitdir(git_path_rr_cache()))
+		die("Could not create directory %s", git_path_rr_cache());
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -605,57 +888,216 @@ int setup_rerere(struct string_list *merge_rr, int flags)
 {
 	int fd;
 
-	git_config(git_rerere_config, NULL);
+	git_rerere_config();
 	if (!is_rerere_enabled())
 		return -1;
 
 	if (flags & (RERERE_AUTOUPDATE|RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE))
 		rerere_autoupdate = !!(flags & RERERE_AUTOUPDATE);
-	merge_rr_path = git_pathdup("MERGE_RR");
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&write_lock, merge_rr_path,
-				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (flags & RERERE_READONLY)
+		fd = 0;
+	else
+		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&write_lock, git_path_merge_rr(),
+					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 	read_rr(merge_rr);
 	return fd;
 }
 
+/*
+ * The main entry point that is called internally from codepaths that
+ * perform mergy operations, possibly leaving conflicted index entries
+ * and working tree files.
+ */
 int rerere(int flags)
 {
 	struct string_list merge_rr = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-	int fd;
+	int fd, status;
 
 	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		return 0;
-	return do_plain_rerere(&merge_rr, fd);
+	status = do_plain_rerere(&merge_rr, fd);
+	free_rerere_dirs();
+	return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Subclass of rerere_io that reads from an in-core buffer that is a
+ * strbuf
+ */
+struct rerere_io_mem {
+	struct rerere_io io;
+	struct strbuf input;
+};
+
+/*
+ * ... and its getline() method implementation
+ */
+static int rerere_mem_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
+{
+	struct rerere_io_mem *io = (struct rerere_io_mem *)io_;
+	char *ep;
+	size_t len;
+
+	strbuf_release(sb);
+	if (!io->input.len)
+		return -1;
+	ep = memchr(io->input.buf, '\n', io->input.len);
+	if (!ep)
+		ep = io->input.buf + io->input.len;
+	else if (*ep == '\n')
+		ep++;
+	len = ep - io->input.buf;
+	strbuf_add(sb, io->input.buf, len);
+	strbuf_remove(&io->input, 0, len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
+{
+	mmfile_t mmfile[3] = {{NULL}};
+	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int pos, len, i, hunk_no;
+	struct rerere_io_mem io;
+	int marker_size = ll_merge_marker_size(path);
+
+	/*
+	 * Reproduce the conflicted merge in-core
+	 */
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		return -1;
+	pos = -pos - 1;
+
+	while (pos < active_nr) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len))
+			break;
+		i = ce_stage(ce) - 1;
+		if (!mmfile[i].ptr) {
+			mmfile[i].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
+			mmfile[i].size = size;
+		}
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		if (!mmfile[i].ptr && !mmfile[i].size)
+			mmfile[i].ptr = xstrdup("");
+
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK: handle conflicts from merges with
+	 * merge.renormalize set, too?
+	 */
+	ll_merge(&result, path, &mmfile[0], NULL,
+		 &mmfile[1], "ours",
+		 &mmfile[2], "theirs", NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		free(mmfile[i].ptr);
+
+	memset(&io, 0, sizeof(io));
+	io.io.getline = rerere_mem_getline;
+	if (output)
+		io.io.output = fopen(output, "w");
+	else
+		io.io.output = NULL;
+	strbuf_init(&io.input, 0);
+	strbuf_attach(&io.input, result.ptr, result.size, result.size);
+
+	/*
+	 * Grab the conflict ID and optionally write the original
+	 * contents with conflict markers out.
+	 */
+	hunk_no = handle_path(sha1, (struct rerere_io *)&io, marker_size);
+	strbuf_release(&io.input);
+	if (io.io.output)
+		fclose(io.io.output);
+	return hunk_no;
 }
 
 static int rerere_forget_one_path(const char *path, struct string_list *rr)
 {
 	const char *filename;
-	char *hex;
+	struct rerere_id *id;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int ret;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
 
+	/*
+	 * Recreate the original conflict from the stages in the
+	 * index and compute the conflict ID
+	 */
 	ret = handle_cache(path, sha1, NULL);
 	if (ret < 1)
 		return error("Could not parse conflict hunks in '%s'", path);
-	hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	filename = rerere_path(hex, "postimage");
-	if (unlink(filename))
-		return (errno == ENOENT
-			? error("no remembered resolution for %s", path)
-			: error("cannot unlink %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno)));
-
-	handle_cache(path, sha1, rerere_path(hex, "preimage"));
-	fprintf(stderr, "Updated preimage for '%s'\n", path);
 
+	/* Nuke the recorded resolution for the conflict */
+	id = new_rerere_id(sha1);
+
+	for (id->variant = 0;
+	     id->variant < id->collection->status_nr;
+	     id->variant++) {
+		mmfile_t cur = { NULL, 0 };
+		mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
+		int cleanly_resolved;
+
+		if (!has_rerere_resolution(id))
+			continue;
+
+		handle_cache(path, sha1, rerere_path(id, "thisimage"));
+		if (read_mmfile(&cur, rerere_path(id, "thisimage"))) {
+			free(cur.ptr);
+			error("Failed to update conflicted state in '%s'", path);
+			goto fail_exit;
+		}
+		cleanly_resolved = !try_merge(id, path, &cur, &result);
+		free(result.ptr);
+		free(cur.ptr);
+		if (cleanly_resolved)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (id->collection->status_nr <= id->variant) {
+		error("no remembered resolution for '%s'", path);
+		goto fail_exit;
+	}
+
+	filename = rerere_path(id, "postimage");
+	if (unlink(filename)) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			error("no remembered resolution for %s", path);
+		else
+			error_errno("cannot unlink %s", filename);
+		goto fail_exit;
+	}
 
-	string_list_insert(rr, path)->util = hex;
+	/*
+	 * Update the preimage so that the user can resolve the
+	 * conflict in the working tree, run us again to record
+	 * the postimage.
+	 */
+	handle_cache(path, sha1, rerere_path(id, "preimage"));
+	fprintf(stderr, "Updated preimage for '%s'\n", path);
+
+	/*
+	 * And remember that we can record resolution for this
+	 * conflict when the user is done.
+	 */
+	item = string_list_insert(rr, path);
+	free_rerere_id(item);
+	item->util = id;
 	fprintf(stderr, "Forgot resolution for %s\n", path);
 	return 0;
+
+fail_exit:
+	free(id);
+	return -1;
 }
 
-int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
+int rerere_forget(struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int i, fd;
 	struct string_list conflict = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
@@ -665,55 +1107,71 @@ int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
 		return error("Could not read index");
 
 	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 0;
 
+	/*
+	 * The paths may have been resolved (incorrectly);
+	 * recover the original conflicted state and then
+	 * find the conflicted paths.
+	 */
 	unmerge_cache(pathspec);
 	find_conflict(&conflict);
 	for (i = 0; i < conflict.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it = &conflict.items[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, it->string, strlen(it->string),
-				    0, NULL))
+		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, it->string,
+				    strlen(it->string), 0, NULL, 0))
 			continue;
 		rerere_forget_one_path(it->string, &merge_rr);
 	}
 	return write_rr(&merge_rr, fd);
 }
 
-static time_t rerere_created_at(const char *name)
+/*
+ * Garbage collection support
+ */
+
+static time_t rerere_created_at(struct rerere_id *id)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	return stat(rerere_path(name, "preimage"), &st) ? (time_t) 0 : st.st_mtime;
+
+	return stat(rerere_path(id, "preimage"), &st) ? (time_t) 0 : st.st_mtime;
 }
 
-static time_t rerere_last_used_at(const char *name)
+static time_t rerere_last_used_at(struct rerere_id *id)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	return stat(rerere_path(name, "postimage"), &st) ? (time_t) 0 : st.st_mtime;
+
+	return stat(rerere_path(id, "postimage"), &st) ? (time_t) 0 : st.st_mtime;
 }
 
-static void unlink_rr_item(const char *name)
+/*
+ * Remove the recorded resolution for a given conflict ID
+ */
+static void unlink_rr_item(struct rerere_id *id)
 {
-	unlink(rerere_path(name, "thisimage"));
-	unlink(rerere_path(name, "preimage"));
-	unlink(rerere_path(name, "postimage"));
-	rmdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", name));
+	unlink_or_warn(rerere_path(id, "thisimage"));
+	remove_variant(id);
+	id->collection->status[id->variant] = 0;
 }
 
-struct rerere_gc_config_cb {
-	int cutoff_noresolve;
-	int cutoff_resolve;
-};
-
-static int git_rerere_gc_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void prune_one(struct rerere_id *id, time_t now,
+		      int cutoff_resolve, int cutoff_noresolve)
 {
-	struct rerere_gc_config_cb *cf = cb;
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.rerereresolved"))
-		cf->cutoff_resolve = git_config_int(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "gc.rerereunresolved"))
-		cf->cutoff_noresolve = git_config_int(var, value);
-	else
-		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-	return 0;
+	time_t then;
+	int cutoff;
+
+	then = rerere_last_used_at(id);
+	if (then)
+		cutoff = cutoff_resolve;
+	else {
+		then = rerere_created_at(id);
+		if (!then)
+			return;
+		cutoff = cutoff_noresolve;
+	}
+	if (then < now - cutoff * 86400)
+		unlink_rr_item(id);
 }
 
 void rerere_gc(struct string_list *rr)
@@ -721,44 +1179,73 @@ void rerere_gc(struct string_list *rr)
 	struct string_list to_remove = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *e;
-	int i, cutoff;
-	time_t now = time(NULL), then;
-	struct rerere_gc_config_cb cf = { 15, 60 };
+	int i;
+	time_t now = time(NULL);
+	int cutoff_noresolve = 15;
+	int cutoff_resolve = 60;
+
+	if (setup_rerere(rr, 0) < 0)
+		return;
 
-	git_config(git_rerere_gc_config, &cf);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.rerereresolved", &cutoff_resolve);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.rerereunresolved", &cutoff_noresolve);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	dir = opendir(git_path("rr-cache"));
 	if (!dir)
 		die_errno("unable to open rr-cache directory");
+	/* Collect stale conflict IDs ... */
 	while ((e = readdir(dir))) {
+		struct rerere_dir *rr_dir;
+		struct rerere_id id;
+		int now_empty;
+
 		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
 			continue;
-
-		then = rerere_last_used_at(e->d_name);
-		if (then) {
-			cutoff = cf.cutoff_resolve;
-		} else {
-			then = rerere_created_at(e->d_name);
-			if (!then)
-				continue;
-			cutoff = cf.cutoff_noresolve;
+		rr_dir = find_rerere_dir(e->d_name);
+		if (!rr_dir)
+			continue; /* or should we remove e->d_name? */
+
+		now_empty = 1;
+		for (id.variant = 0, id.collection = rr_dir;
+		     id.variant < id.collection->status_nr;
+		     id.variant++) {
+			prune_one(&id, now, cutoff_resolve, cutoff_noresolve);
+			if (id.collection->status[id.variant])
+				now_empty = 0;
 		}
-		if (then < now - cutoff * 86400)
+		if (now_empty)
 			string_list_append(&to_remove, e->d_name);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
+
+	/* ... and then remove the empty directories */
 	for (i = 0; i < to_remove.nr; i++)
-		unlink_rr_item(to_remove.items[i].string);
+		rmdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", to_remove.items[i].string));
 	string_list_clear(&to_remove, 0);
+	rollback_lock_file(&write_lock);
 }
 
+/*
+ * During a conflict resolution, after "rerere" recorded the
+ * preimages, abandon them if the user did not resolve them or
+ * record their resolutions.  And drop $GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: shouldn't we be calling this from "reset --hard"?
+ */
 void rerere_clear(struct string_list *merge_rr)
 {
 	int i;
 
+	if (setup_rerere(merge_rr, 0) < 0)
+		return;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < merge_rr->nr; i++) {
-		const char *name = (const char *)merge_rr->items[i].util;
-		if (!has_rerere_resolution(name))
-			unlink_rr_item(name);
+		struct rerere_id *id = merge_rr->items[i].util;
+		if (!has_rerere_resolution(id)) {
+			unlink_rr_item(id);
+			rmdir(rerere_path(id, NULL));
+		}
 	}
-	unlink_or_warn(git_path("MERGE_RR"));
+	unlink_or_warn(git_path_merge_rr());
+	rollback_lock_file(&write_lock);
 }
diff --git a/rerere.h b/rerere.h
index fcd8bc10ba..c2961feaaa 100644
--- a/rerere.h
+++ b/rerere.h
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@
 
 #include "string-list.h"
 
+struct pathspec;
+
 #define RERERE_AUTOUPDATE   01
 #define RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE 02
+#define RERERE_READONLY     04
 
 /*
  * Marks paths that have been hand-resolved and added to the
@@ -13,16 +16,27 @@
  */
 extern void *RERERE_RESOLVED;
 
+struct rerere_dir;
+struct rerere_id {
+	struct rerere_dir *collection;
+	int variant;
+};
+
 extern int setup_rerere(struct string_list *, int);
 extern int rerere(int);
-extern const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file);
-extern int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex);
-extern int rerere_forget(const char **);
+/*
+ * Given the conflict ID and the name of a "file" used for replaying
+ * the recorded resolution (e.g. "preimage", "postimage"), return the
+ * path to that filesystem entity.  With "file" specified with NULL,
+ * return the path to the directory that houses these files.
+ */
+extern const char *rerere_path(const struct rerere_id *, const char *file);
+extern int rerere_forget(struct pathspec *);
 extern int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_clear(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_gc(struct string_list *);
 
 #define OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(v) OPT_UYN(0, "rerere-autoupdate", (v), \
-	"update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible")
+	N_("update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"))
 
 #endif
diff --git a/resolve-undo.c b/resolve-undo.c
index 72b46125b7..468a2eb92c 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.c
+++ b/resolve-undo.c
@@ -110,15 +110,16 @@ void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *istate)
 	string_list_clear(resolve_undo, 1);
 	free(resolve_undo);
 	istate->resolve_undo = NULL;
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	istate->cache_changed |= RESOLVE_UNDO_CHANGED;
 }
 
 int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct resolve_undo_info *ru;
-	int i, err = 0;
+	int i, err = 0, matched;
+	char *name;
 
 	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
 		return pos;
@@ -137,18 +138,23 @@ int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 	ru = item->util;
 	if (!ru)
 		return pos;
+	matched = ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED;
+	name = xstrdup(ce->name);
 	remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *nce;
 		if (!ru->mode[i])
 			continue;
 		nce = make_cache_entry(ru->mode[i], ru->sha1[i],
-				       ce->name, i + 1, 0);
+				       name, i + 1, 0);
+		if (matched)
+			nce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 		if (add_index_entry(istate, nce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
 			err = 1;
-			error("cannot unmerge '%s'", ce->name);
+			error("cannot unmerge '%s'", name);
 		}
 	}
+	free(name);
 	if (err)
 		return pos;
 	free(ru);
@@ -156,7 +162,7 @@ int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 	return unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 }
 
-void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
+void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -164,8 +170,22 @@ void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
 		return;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED)
+			i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
+	}
+}
+
+void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
 	}
diff --git a/resolve-undo.h b/resolve-undo.h
index 845876911d..46306455ed 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.h
+++ b/resolve-undo.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ extern void resolve_undo_write(struct strbuf *, struct string_list *);
 extern struct string_list *resolve_undo_read(const char *, unsigned long);
 extern void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int);
-extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const char **);
+extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const struct pathspec *);
+extern void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 8764dde381..2f60062876 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -13,82 +13,28 @@
 #include "decorate.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "bisect.h"
 
 volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
 
-char *path_name(const struct name_path *path, const char *name)
-{
-	const struct name_path *p;
-	char *n, *m;
-	int nlen = strlen(name);
-	int len = nlen + 1;
-
-	for (p = path; p; p = p->up) {
-		if (p->elem_len)
-			len += p->elem_len + 1;
-	}
-	n = xmalloc(len);
-	m = n + len - (nlen + 1);
-	strcpy(m, name);
-	for (p = path; p; p = p->up) {
-		if (p->elem_len) {
-			m -= p->elem_len + 1;
-			memcpy(m, p->elem, p->elem_len);
-			m[p->elem_len] = '/';
-		}
-	}
-	return n;
-}
+static const char *term_bad;
+static const char *term_good;
 
-static int show_path_component_truncated(FILE *out, const char *name, int len)
+void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj, const char *name)
 {
-	int cnt;
-	for (cnt = 0; cnt < len; cnt++) {
-		int ch = name[cnt];
-		if (!ch || ch == '\n')
-			return -1;
-		fputc(ch, out);
-	}
-	return len;
-}
+	const char *p;
 
-static int show_path_truncated(FILE *out, const struct name_path *path)
-{
-	int emitted, ours;
-
-	if (!path)
-		return 0;
-	emitted = show_path_truncated(out, path->up);
-	if (emitted < 0)
-		return emitted;
-	if (emitted)
-		fputc('/', out);
-	ours = show_path_component_truncated(out, path->elem, path->elem_len);
-	if (ours < 0)
-		return ours;
-	return ours || emitted;
-}
-
-void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
-{
-	struct name_path leaf;
-	leaf.up = (struct name_path *)path;
-	leaf.elem = component;
-	leaf.elem_len = strlen(component);
-
-	fprintf(out, "%s ", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	show_path_truncated(out, &leaf);
+	fprintf(out, "%s ", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
+	for (p = name; *p && *p != '\n'; p++)
+		fputc(*p, out);
 	fputc('\n', out);
 }
 
-void add_object(struct object *obj,
-		struct object_array *p,
-		struct name_path *path,
-		const char *name)
-{
-	add_object_array(obj, path_name(path, name), p);
-}
-
 static void mark_blob_uninteresting(struct blob *blob)
 {
 	if (!blob)
@@ -98,30 +44,25 @@ static void mark_blob_uninteresting(struct blob *blob)
 	blob->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 }
 
-void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
+static void mark_tree_contents_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
 {
 	struct tree_desc desc;
 	struct name_entry entry;
 	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
 
-	if (!tree)
-		return;
-	if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
-		return;
-	obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-	if (!has_sha1_file(obj->sha1))
+	if (!has_object_file(&obj->oid))
 		return;
 	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
-		die("bad tree %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		die("bad tree %s", oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 
 	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
 		switch (object_type(entry.mode)) {
 		case OBJ_TREE:
-			mark_tree_uninteresting(lookup_tree(entry.sha1));
+			mark_tree_uninteresting(lookup_tree(entry.oid->hash));
 			break;
 		case OBJ_BLOB:
-			mark_blob_uninteresting(lookup_blob(entry.sha1));
+			mark_blob_uninteresting(lookup_blob(entry.oid->hash));
 			break;
 		default:
 			/* Subproject commit - not in this repository */
@@ -133,17 +74,48 @@ void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
 	 * We don't care about the tree any more
 	 * after it has been marked uninteresting.
 	 */
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
+}
+
+void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return;
+
+	obj = &tree->object;
+	if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		return;
+	obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	mark_tree_contents_uninteresting(tree);
 }
 
 void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit)
 {
-	struct commit_list *parents = commit->parents;
+	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, *l;
+
+	for (l = commit->parents; l; l = l->next)
+		commit_list_insert(l->item, &parents);
 
 	while (parents) {
-		struct commit *commit = parents->item;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&parents);
+
+		while (commit) {
+			/*
+			 * A missing commit is ok iff its parent is marked
+			 * uninteresting.
+			 *
+			 * We just mark such a thing parsed, so that when
+			 * it is popped next time around, we won't be trying
+			 * to parse it and get an error.
+			 */
+			if (!has_object_file(&commit->object.oid))
+				commit->object.parsed = 1;
+
+			if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+				break;
+
 			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 
 			/*
@@ -154,25 +126,20 @@ void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit)
 			 * wasn't uninteresting), in which case we need
 			 * to mark its parents recursively too..
 			 */
-			if (commit->parents)
-				mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
-		}
+			if (!commit->parents)
+				break;
 
-		/*
-		 * A missing commit is ok iff its parent is marked
-		 * uninteresting.
-		 *
-		 * We just mark such a thing parsed, so that when
-		 * it is popped next time around, we won't be trying
-		 * to parse it and get an error.
-		 */
-		if (!has_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1))
-			commit->object.parsed = 1;
-		parents = parents->next;
+			for (l = commit->parents->next; l; l = l->next)
+				commit_list_insert(l->item, &parents);
+			commit = commit->parents->item;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name, unsigned mode)
+static void add_pending_object_with_path(struct rev_info *revs,
+					 struct object *obj,
+					 const char *name, unsigned mode,
+					 const char *path)
 {
 	if (!obj)
 		return;
@@ -180,7 +147,7 @@ static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *o
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	if (revs->reflog_info && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, &buf);
+		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, 0, &buf);
 		int st;
 
 		if (0 < len && name[len] && buf.len)
@@ -192,10 +159,18 @@ static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *o
 		if (st)
 			return;
 	}
-	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, &revs->pending, mode);
+	add_object_array_with_path(obj, name, &revs->pending, mode, path);
 }
 
-void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name)
+static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs,
+					 struct object *obj,
+					 const char *name, unsigned mode)
+{
+	add_pending_object_with_path(revs, obj, name, mode, NULL);
+}
+
+void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs,
+			struct object *obj, const char *name)
 {
 	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, obj, name, S_IFINVALID);
 }
@@ -212,7 +187,9 @@ void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs)
 	add_pending_object(revs, obj, "HEAD");
 }
 
-static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags)
+static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct object *object;
 
@@ -233,8 +210,13 @@ void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name,
 	add_pending_object(revs, object, name);
 }
 
-static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object, const char *name)
+static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs,
+				    struct object_array_entry *entry)
 {
+	struct object *object = entry->item;
+	const char *name = entry->name;
+	const char *path = entry->path;
+	unsigned int mode = entry->mode;
 	unsigned long flags = object->flags;
 
 	/*
@@ -246,12 +228,20 @@ static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object
 			add_pending_object(revs, object, tag->tag);
 		if (!tag->tagged)
 			die("bad tag");
-		object = parse_object(tag->tagged->sha1);
+		object = parse_object(tag->tagged->oid.hash);
 		if (!object) {
 			if (flags & UNINTERESTING)
 				return NULL;
-			die("bad object %s", sha1_to_hex(tag->tagged->sha1));
+			die("bad object %s", oid_to_hex(&tag->tagged->oid));
 		}
+		object->flags |= flags;
+		/*
+		 * We'll handle the tagged object by looping or dropping
+		 * through to the non-tag handlers below. Do not
+		 * propagate path data from the tag's pending entry.
+		 */
+		path = NULL;
+		mode = 0;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -263,12 +253,11 @@ static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object
 		if (parse_commit(commit) < 0)
 			die("unable to parse commit %s", name);
 		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
-			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
 			revs->limited = 1;
 		}
 		if (revs->show_source && !commit->util)
-			commit->util = (void *) name;
+			commit->util = xstrdup(name);
 		return commit;
 	}
 
@@ -281,10 +270,10 @@ static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object
 		if (!revs->tree_objects)
 			return NULL;
 		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
-			mark_tree_uninteresting(tree);
+			mark_tree_contents_uninteresting(tree);
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, object, name, mode, path);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
@@ -292,33 +281,114 @@ static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object
 	 * Blob object? You know the drill by now..
 	 */
 	if (object->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
-		struct blob *blob = (struct blob *)object;
 		if (!revs->blob_objects)
 			return NULL;
-		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
-			mark_blob_uninteresting(blob);
+		if (flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			return NULL;
-		}
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, object, name, mode, path);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	die("%s is unknown object", name);
 }
 
-static int everybody_uninteresting(struct commit_list *orig)
+static int everybody_uninteresting(struct commit_list *orig,
+				   struct commit **interesting_cache)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list = orig;
+
+	if (*interesting_cache) {
+		struct commit *commit = *interesting_cache;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
 	while (list) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 		list = list->next;
 		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			continue;
+
+		*interesting_cache = commit;
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
 /*
+ * A definition of "relevant" commit that we can use to simplify limited graphs
+ * by eliminating side branches.
+ *
+ * A "relevant" commit is one that is !UNINTERESTING (ie we are including it
+ * in our list), or that is a specified BOTTOM commit. Then after computing
+ * a limited list, during processing we can generally ignore boundary merges
+ * coming from outside the graph, (ie from irrelevant parents), and treat
+ * those merges as if they were single-parent. TREESAME is defined to consider
+ * only relevant parents, if any. If we are TREESAME to our on-graph parents,
+ * we don't care if we were !TREESAME to non-graph parents.
+ *
+ * Treating bottom commits as relevant ensures that a limited graph's
+ * connection to the actual bottom commit is not viewed as a side branch, but
+ * treated as part of the graph. For example:
+ *
+ *   ....Z...A---X---o---o---B
+ *        .     /
+ *         W---Y
+ *
+ * When computing "A..B", the A-X connection is at least as important as
+ * Y-X, despite A being flagged UNINTERESTING.
+ *
+ * And when computing --ancestry-path "A..B", the A-X connection is more
+ * important than Y-X, despite both A and Y being flagged UNINTERESTING.
+ */
+static inline int relevant_commit(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	return (commit->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM)) != UNINTERESTING;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a single relevant commit from a parent list. If we are a TREESAME
+ * commit, and this selects one of our parents, then we can safely simplify to
+ * that parent.
+ */
+static struct commit *one_relevant_parent(const struct rev_info *revs,
+					  struct commit_list *orig)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = orig;
+	struct commit *relevant = NULL;
+
+	if (!orig)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * For 1-parent commits, or if first-parent-only, then return that
+	 * first parent (even if not "relevant" by the above definition).
+	 * TREESAME will have been set purely on that parent.
+	 */
+	if (revs->first_parent_only || !orig->next)
+		return orig->item;
+
+	/*
+	 * For multi-parent commits, identify a sole relevant parent, if any.
+	 * If we have only one relevant parent, then TREESAME will be set purely
+	 * with regard to that parent, and we can simplify accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * If we have more than one relevant parent, or no relevant parents
+	 * (and multiple irrelevant ones), then we can't select a parent here
+	 * and return NULL.
+	 */
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		list = list->next;
+		if (relevant_commit(commit)) {
+			if (relevant)
+				return NULL;
+			relevant = commit;
+		}
+	}
+	return relevant;
+}
+
+/*
  * The goal is to get REV_TREE_NEW as the result only if the
  * diff consists of all '+' (and no other changes), REV_TREE_OLD
  * if the whole diff is removal of old data, and otherwise
@@ -332,6 +402,7 @@ static int tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 static void file_add_remove(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	int diff = addremove == '+' ? REV_TREE_NEW : REV_TREE_OLD;
@@ -345,6 +416,7 @@ static void file_change(struct diff_options *options,
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *fullpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
 {
@@ -352,7 +424,8 @@ static void file_change(struct diff_options *options,
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
 }
 
-static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
+static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
+			    struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct tree *t1 = parent->tree;
 	struct tree *t2 = commit->tree;
@@ -367,7 +440,7 @@ static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct
 		 * If we are simplifying by decoration, then the commit
 		 * is worth showing if it has a tag pointing at it.
 		 */
-		if (lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object))
+		if (get_name_decoration(&commit->object))
 			return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
 		/*
 		 * A commit that is not pointed by a tag is uninteresting
@@ -382,7 +455,7 @@ static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct
 
 	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs->pruning, HAS_CHANGES);
-	if (diff_tree_sha1(t1->object.sha1, t2->object.sha1, "",
+	if (diff_tree_sha1(t1->object.oid.hash, t2->object.oid.hash, "",
 			   &revs->pruning) < 0)
 		return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
 	return tree_difference;
@@ -391,32 +464,137 @@ static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct
 static int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	int retval;
-	void *tree;
-	unsigned long size;
-	struct tree_desc empty, real;
 	struct tree *t1 = commit->tree;
 
 	if (!t1)
 		return 0;
 
-	tree = read_object_with_reference(t1->object.sha1, tree_type, &size, NULL);
-	if (!tree)
-		return 0;
-	init_tree_desc(&real, tree, size);
-	init_tree_desc(&empty, "", 0);
-
 	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs->pruning, HAS_CHANGES);
-	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, "", &revs->pruning);
-	free(tree);
+	retval = diff_tree_sha1(NULL, t1->object.oid.hash, "", &revs->pruning);
 
 	return retval >= 0 && (tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME);
 }
 
+struct treesame_state {
+	unsigned int nparents;
+	unsigned char treesame[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static struct treesame_state *initialise_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	unsigned n = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	struct treesame_state *st = xcalloc(1, st_add(sizeof(*st), n));
+	st->nparents = n;
+	add_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object, st);
+	return st;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Must be called immediately after removing the nth_parent from a commit's
+ * parent list, if we are maintaining the per-parent treesame[] decoration.
+ * This does not recalculate the master TREESAME flag - update_treesame()
+ * should be called to update it after a sequence of treesame[] modifications
+ * that may have affected it.
+ */
+static int compact_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, unsigned nth_parent)
+{
+	struct treesame_state *st;
+	int old_same;
+
+	if (!commit->parents) {
+		/*
+		 * Have just removed the only parent from a non-merge.
+		 * Different handling, as we lack decoration.
+		 */
+		if (nth_parent != 0)
+			die("compact_treesame %u", nth_parent);
+		old_same = !!(commit->object.flags & TREESAME);
+		if (rev_same_tree_as_empty(revs, commit))
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		return old_same;
+	}
+
+	st = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+	if (!st || nth_parent >= st->nparents)
+		die("compact_treesame %u", nth_parent);
+
+	old_same = st->treesame[nth_parent];
+	memmove(st->treesame + nth_parent,
+		st->treesame + nth_parent + 1,
+		st->nparents - nth_parent - 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we've just become a non-merge commit, update TREESAME
+	 * immediately, and remove the no-longer-needed decoration.
+	 * If still a merge, defer update until update_treesame().
+	 */
+	if (--st->nparents == 1) {
+		if (commit->parents->next)
+			die("compact_treesame parents mismatch");
+		if (st->treesame[0] && revs->dense)
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		free(add_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object, NULL));
+	}
+
+	return old_same;
+}
+
+static unsigned update_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
+		unsigned n;
+		struct treesame_state *st;
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		unsigned relevant_parents;
+		unsigned relevant_change, irrelevant_change;
+
+		st = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+		if (!st)
+			die("update_treesame %s", oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+		relevant_parents = 0;
+		relevant_change = irrelevant_change = 0;
+		for (p = commit->parents, n = 0; p; n++, p = p->next) {
+			if (relevant_commit(p->item)) {
+				relevant_change |= !st->treesame[n];
+				relevant_parents++;
+			} else
+				irrelevant_change |= !st->treesame[n];
+		}
+		if (relevant_parents ? relevant_change : irrelevant_change)
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.flags & TREESAME;
+}
+
+static inline int limiting_can_increase_treesame(const struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	/*
+	 * TREESAME is irrelevant unless prune && dense;
+	 * if simplify_history is set, we can't have a mixture of TREESAME and
+	 *    !TREESAME INTERESTING parents (and we don't have treesame[]
+	 *    decoration anyway);
+	 * if first_parent_only is set, then the TREESAME flag is locked
+	 *    against the first parent (and again we lack treesame[] decoration).
+	 */
+	return revs->prune && revs->dense &&
+	       !revs->simplify_history &&
+	       !revs->first_parent_only;
+}
+
 static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp, *parent;
-	int tree_changed = 0, tree_same = 0;
+	struct treesame_state *ts = NULL;
+	int relevant_change = 0, irrelevant_change = 0;
+	int relevant_parents, nth_parent;
 
 	/*
 	 * If we don't do pruning, everything is interesting
@@ -440,25 +618,54 @@ static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 	if (!revs->dense && !commit->parents->next)
 		return;
 
-	pp = &commit->parents;
-	while ((parent = *pp) != NULL) {
+	for (pp = &commit->parents, nth_parent = 0, relevant_parents = 0;
+	     (parent = *pp) != NULL;
+	     pp = &parent->next, nth_parent++) {
 		struct commit *p = parent->item;
+		if (relevant_commit(p))
+			relevant_parents++;
 
+		if (nth_parent == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * This our second loop iteration - so we now know
+			 * we're dealing with a merge.
+			 *
+			 * Do not compare with later parents when we care only about
+			 * the first parent chain, in order to avoid derailing the
+			 * traversal to follow a side branch that brought everything
+			 * in the path we are limited to by the pathspec.
+			 */
+			if (revs->first_parent_only)
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * If this will remain a potentially-simplifiable
+			 * merge, remember per-parent treesame if needed.
+			 * Initialise the array with the comparison from our
+			 * first iteration.
+			 */
+			if (revs->treesame.name &&
+			    !revs->simplify_history &&
+			    !(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+				ts = initialise_treesame(revs, commit);
+				if (!(irrelevant_change || relevant_change))
+					ts->treesame[0] = 1;
+			}
+		}
 		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
 			die("cannot simplify commit %s (because of %s)",
-			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
-			    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
+			    oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid),
+			    oid_to_hex(&p->object.oid));
 		switch (rev_compare_tree(revs, p, commit)) {
 		case REV_TREE_SAME:
-			tree_same = 1;
-			if (!revs->simplify_history || (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+			if (!revs->simplify_history || !relevant_commit(p)) {
 				/* Even if a merge with an uninteresting
 				 * side branch brought the entire change
 				 * we are interested in, we do not want
 				 * to lose the other branches of this
 				 * merge, so we just keep going.
 				 */
-				pp = &parent->next;
+				if (ts)
+					ts->treesame[nth_parent] = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
 			parent->next = NULL;
@@ -479,22 +686,34 @@ static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 				 */
 				if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
 					die("cannot simplify commit %s (invalid %s)",
-					    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
-					    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
+					    oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid),
+					    oid_to_hex(&p->object.oid));
 				p->parents = NULL;
 			}
 		/* fallthrough */
 		case REV_TREE_OLD:
 		case REV_TREE_DIFFERENT:
-			tree_changed = 1;
-			pp = &parent->next;
+			if (relevant_commit(p))
+				relevant_change = 1;
+			else
+				irrelevant_change = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		die("bad tree compare for commit %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		die("bad tree compare for commit %s", oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 	}
-	if (tree_changed && !tree_same)
-		return;
-	commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+
+	/*
+	 * TREESAME is straightforward for single-parent commits. For merge
+	 * commits, it is most useful to define it so that "irrelevant"
+	 * parents cannot make us !TREESAME - if we have any relevant
+	 * parents, then we only consider TREESAMEness with respect to them,
+	 * allowing irrelevant merges from uninteresting branches to be
+	 * simplified away. Only if we have only irrelevant parents do we
+	 * base TREESAME on them. Note that this logic is replicated in
+	 * update_treesame, which should be kept in sync.
+	 */
+	if (relevant_parents ? !relevant_change : !irrelevant_change)
+		commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
 }
 
 static void commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(struct commit *p, struct commit_list **head,
@@ -522,6 +741,10 @@ static int add_parents_to_list(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
 		return 0;
 	commit->object.flags |= ADDED;
 
+	if (revs->include_check &&
+	    !revs->include_check(commit, revs->include_check_data))
+		return 0;
+
 	/*
 	 * If the commit is uninteresting, don't try to
 	 * prune parents - we want the maximal uninteresting
@@ -540,7 +763,7 @@ static int add_parents_to_list(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
 			parent = parent->next;
 			if (p)
 				p->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-			if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
+			if (parse_commit_gently(p, 1) < 0)
 				continue;
 			if (p->parents)
 				mark_parents_uninteresting(p);
@@ -567,7 +790,7 @@ static int add_parents_to_list(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
 	for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next) {
 		struct commit *p = parent->item;
 
-		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
+		if (parse_commit_gently(p, revs->ignore_missing_links) < 0)
 			return -1;
 		if (revs->show_source && !p->util)
 			p->util = commit->util;
@@ -673,7 +896,8 @@ static void cherry_pick_list(struct commit_list *list, struct rev_info *revs)
 /* How many extra uninteresting commits we want to see.. */
 #define SLOP 5
 
-static int still_interesting(struct commit_list *src, unsigned long date, int slop)
+static int still_interesting(struct commit_list *src, unsigned long date, int slop,
+			     struct commit **interesting_cache)
 {
 	/*
 	 * No source list at all? We're definitely done..
@@ -685,14 +909,14 @@ static int still_interesting(struct commit_list *src, unsigned long date, int sl
 	 * Does the destination list contain entries with a date
 	 * before the source list? Definitely _not_ done.
 	 */
-	if (date < src->item->date)
+	if (date <= src->item->date)
 		return SLOP;
 
 	/*
 	 * Does the source list still have interesting commits in
 	 * it? Definitely not done..
 	 */
-	if (!everybody_uninteresting(src))
+	if (!everybody_uninteresting(src, interesting_cache))
 		return SLOP;
 
 	/* Ok, we're closing in.. */
@@ -777,16 +1001,12 @@ static void limit_to_ancestry(struct commit_list *bottom, struct commit_list *li
  * to filter the result of "A..B" further to the ones that can actually
  * reach A.
  */
-static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct rev_info *revs)
+static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct commit_list *list)
 {
-	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < revs->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		struct rev_cmdline_entry *elem = &revs->cmdline.rev[i];
-		if ((elem->flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
-		    elem->item->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-			commit_list_insert((struct commit *)elem->item, &bottom);
-	}
+	struct commit_list *elem, *bottom = NULL;
+	for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next)
+		if (elem->item->object.flags & BOTTOM)
+			commit_list_insert(elem->item, &bottom);
 	return bottom;
 }
 
@@ -815,21 +1035,21 @@ static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 	struct commit_list *newlist = NULL;
 	struct commit_list **p = &newlist;
 	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;
+	struct commit *interesting_cache = NULL;
 
 	if (revs->ancestry_path) {
-		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(revs);
+		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(list);
 		if (!bottom)
 			die("--ancestry-path given but there are no bottom commits");
 	}
 
 	while (list) {
-		struct commit_list *entry = list;
-		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&list);
 		struct object *obj = &commit->object;
 		show_early_output_fn_t show;
 
-		list = list->next;
-		free(entry);
+		if (commit == interesting_cache)
+			interesting_cache = NULL;
 
 		if (revs->max_age != -1 && (commit->date < revs->max_age))
 			obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
@@ -839,7 +1059,7 @@ static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
 			if (revs->show_all)
 				p = &commit_list_insert(commit, p)->next;
-			slop = still_interesting(list, date, slop);
+			slop = still_interesting(list, date, slop, &interesting_cache);
 			if (slop)
 				continue;
 			/* If showing all, add the whole pending list to the end */
@@ -870,10 +1090,26 @@ static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 		free_commit_list(bottom);
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Check if any commits have become TREESAME by some of their parents
+	 * becoming UNINTERESTING.
+	 */
+	if (limiting_can_increase_treesame(revs))
+		for (list = newlist; list; list = list->next) {
+			struct commit *c = list->item;
+			if (c->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | TREESAME))
+				continue;
+			update_treesame(revs, c);
+		}
+
 	revs->commits = newlist;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Add an entry to refs->cmdline with the specified information.
+ * *name is copied.
+ */
 static void add_rev_cmdline(struct rev_info *revs,
 			    struct object *item,
 			    const char *name,
@@ -885,12 +1121,25 @@ static void add_rev_cmdline(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(info->rev, nr + 1, info->alloc);
 	info->rev[nr].item = item;
-	info->rev[nr].name = name;
+	info->rev[nr].name = xstrdup(name);
 	info->rev[nr].whence = whence;
 	info->rev[nr].flags = flags;
 	info->nr++;
 }
 
+static void add_rev_cmdline_list(struct rev_info *revs,
+				 struct commit_list *commit_list,
+				 int whence,
+				 unsigned flags)
+{
+	while (commit_list) {
+		struct object *object = &commit_list->item->object;
+		add_rev_cmdline(revs, object, oid_to_hex(&object->oid),
+				whence, flags);
+		commit_list = commit_list->next;
+	}
+}
+
 struct all_refs_cb {
 	int all_flags;
 	int warned_bad_reflog;
@@ -898,13 +1147,31 @@ struct all_refs_cb {
 	const char *name_for_errormsg;
 };
 
-static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+int ref_excluded(struct string_list *ref_excludes, const char *path)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!ref_excludes)
+		return 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, ref_excludes) {
+		if (!wildmatch(item->string, path, 0, NULL))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid,
+			  int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
-	struct object *object = get_reference(cb->all_revs, path, sha1,
-					      cb->all_flags);
+	struct object *object;
+
+	if (ref_excluded(cb->all_revs->ref_excludes, path))
+	    return 0;
+
+	object = get_reference(cb->all_revs, path, oid->hash, cb->all_flags);
 	add_rev_cmdline(cb->all_revs, object, path, REV_CMD_REF, cb->all_flags);
-	add_pending_sha1(cb->all_revs, path, sha1, cb->all_flags);
+	add_pending_sha1(cb->all_revs, path, oid->hash, cb->all_flags);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -915,6 +1182,24 @@ static void init_all_refs_cb(struct all_refs_cb *cb, struct rev_info *revs,
 	cb->all_flags = flags;
 }
 
+void clear_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **ref_excludes_p)
+{
+	if (*ref_excludes_p) {
+		string_list_clear(*ref_excludes_p, 0);
+		free(*ref_excludes_p);
+	}
+	*ref_excludes_p = NULL;
+}
+
+void add_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **ref_excludes_p, const char *exclude)
+{
+	if (!*ref_excludes_p) {
+		*ref_excludes_p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ref_excludes_p));
+		(*ref_excludes_p)->strdup_strings = 1;
+	}
+	string_list_append(*ref_excludes_p, exclude);
+}
+
 static void handle_refs(const char *submodule, struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags,
 		int (*for_each)(const char *, each_ref_fn, void *))
 {
@@ -950,7 +1235,8 @@ static int handle_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int handle_one_reflog(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int handle_one_reflog(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid,
+			     int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
 	cb->warned_bad_reflog = 0;
@@ -959,14 +1245,62 @@ static int handle_one_reflog(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int fl
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void handle_reflog(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
+void add_reflogs_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
 {
 	struct all_refs_cb cb;
+
 	cb.all_revs = revs;
 	cb.all_flags = flags;
 	for_each_reflog(handle_one_reflog, &cb);
 }
 
+static void add_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it, struct rev_info *revs,
+			   struct strbuf *path)
+{
+	size_t baselen = path->len;
+	int i;
+
+	if (it->entry_count >= 0) {
+		struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(it->sha1);
+		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, &tree->object, "",
+					     040000, path->buf);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_tree_sub *sub = it->down[i];
+		strbuf_addf(path, "%s%s", baselen ? "/" : "", sub->name);
+		add_cache_tree(sub->cache_tree, revs, path);
+		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+	}
+
+}
+
+void add_index_objects_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	read_cache();
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		struct blob *blob;
+
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			continue;
+
+		blob = lookup_blob(ce->sha1);
+		if (!blob)
+			die("unable to add index blob to traversal");
+		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, &blob->object, "",
+					     ce->ce_mode, ce->name);
+	}
+
+	if (active_cache_tree) {
+		struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+		add_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, revs, &path);
+		strbuf_release(&path);
+	}
+}
+
 static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg_, int flags)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -976,10 +1310,10 @@ static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg_, int flags)
 	const char *arg = arg_;
 
 	if (*arg == '^') {
-		flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		flags ^= UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 		arg++;
 	}
-	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1))
 		return 0;
 	while (1) {
 		it = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, 0);
@@ -989,7 +1323,7 @@ static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg_, int flags)
 			break;
 		if (!((struct tag*)it)->tagged)
 			return 0;
-		hashcpy(sha1, ((struct tag*)it)->tagged->sha1);
+		hashcpy(sha1, ((struct tag*)it)->tagged->oid.hash);
 	}
 	if (it->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 0;
@@ -1014,7 +1348,7 @@ void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix)
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->pruning, QUICK);
 	revs->pruning.add_remove = file_add_remove;
 	revs->pruning.change = file_change;
-	revs->lifo = 1;
+	revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 	revs->dense = 1;
 	revs->prefix = prefix;
 	revs->max_age = -1;
@@ -1022,12 +1356,14 @@ void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix)
 	revs->skip_count = -1;
 	revs->max_count = -1;
 	revs->max_parents = -1;
+	revs->expand_tabs_in_log = -1;
 
 	revs->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
+	revs->expand_tabs_in_log_default = 8;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
+	grep_init(&revs->grep_filter, prefix);
 	revs->grep_filter.status_only = 1;
-	revs->grep_filter.pattern_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.pattern_list);
-	revs->grep_filter.header_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.header_list);
 	revs->grep_filter.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
 
 	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -1046,7 +1382,7 @@ static void add_pending_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
 	while (commit_list) {
 		struct object *object = &commit_list->item->object;
 		object->flags |= flags;
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+		add_pending_object(revs, object, oid_to_hex(&object->oid));
 		commit_list = commit_list->next;
 	}
 }
@@ -1067,20 +1403,21 @@ static void prepare_show_merge(struct rev_info *revs)
 	other = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "MERGE_HEAD");
 	add_pending_object(revs, &head->object, "HEAD");
 	add_pending_object(revs, &other->object, "MERGE_HEAD");
-	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other, 1);
-	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING);
+	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other);
+	add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, bases, REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE, UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
+	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	head->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
 
 	if (!active_nr)
 		read_cache();
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
-		if (ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data)) {
+		if (ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data, NULL)) {
 			prune_num++;
-			prune = xrealloc(prune, sizeof(*prune) * prune_num);
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(prune, prune_num);
 			prune[prune_num-2] = ce->name;
 			prune[prune_num-1] = NULL;
 		}
@@ -1088,21 +1425,24 @@ static void prepare_show_merge(struct rev_info *revs)
 		       ce_same_name(ce, active_cache[i+1]))
 			i++;
 	}
-	free_pathspec(&revs->prune_data);
-	init_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, prune);
+	clear_pathspec(&revs->prune_data);
+	parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL | PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", prune);
 	revs->limited = 1;
 }
 
-int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs,
-			int flags,
-			int cant_be_filename)
+int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsigned revarg_opt)
 {
-	unsigned mode;
+	struct object_context oc;
 	char *dotdot;
 	struct object *object;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int local_flags;
 	const char *arg = arg_;
+	int cant_be_filename = revarg_opt & REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
+	unsigned get_sha1_flags = 0;
+
+	flags = flags & UNINTERESTING ? flags | BOTTOM : flags & ~BOTTOM;
 
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "..");
 	if (dotdot) {
@@ -1110,53 +1450,83 @@ int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs,
 		const char *next = dotdot + 2;
 		const char *this = arg;
 		int symmetric = *next == '.';
-		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ UNINTERESTING;
+		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
+		static const char head_by_default[] = "HEAD";
 		unsigned int a_flags;
 
 		*dotdot = 0;
 		next += symmetric;
 
 		if (!*next)
-			next = "HEAD";
+			next = head_by_default;
 		if (dotdot == arg)
-			this = "HEAD";
-		if (!get_sha1(this, from_sha1) &&
-		    !get_sha1(next, sha1)) {
-			struct commit *a, *b;
-			struct commit_list *exclude;
-
-			a = lookup_commit_reference(from_sha1);
-			b = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-			if (!a || !b) {
-				if (revs->ignore_missing)
-					return 0;
-				die(symmetric ?
-				    "Invalid symmetric difference expression %s...%s" :
-				    "Invalid revision range %s..%s",
-				    arg, next);
+			this = head_by_default;
+		if (this == head_by_default && next == head_by_default &&
+		    !symmetric) {
+			/*
+			 * Just ".."?  That is not a range but the
+			 * pathspec for the parent directory.
+			 */
+			if (!cant_be_filename) {
+				*dotdot = '.';
+				return -1;
 			}
+		}
+		if (!get_sha1_committish(this, from_sha1) &&
+		    !get_sha1_committish(next, sha1)) {
+			struct object *a_obj, *b_obj;
 
 			if (!cant_be_filename) {
 				*dotdot = '.';
 				verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
 			}
 
-			if (symmetric) {
-				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+			a_obj = parse_object(from_sha1);
+			b_obj = parse_object(sha1);
+			if (!a_obj || !b_obj) {
+			missing:
+				if (revs->ignore_missing)
+					return 0;
+				die(symmetric
+				    ? "Invalid symmetric difference expression %s"
+				    : "Invalid revision range %s", arg);
+			}
+
+			if (!symmetric) {
+				/* just A..B */
+				a_flags = flags_exclude;
+			} else {
+				/* A...B -- find merge bases between the two */
+				struct commit *a, *b;
+				struct commit_list *exclude;
+
+				a = (a_obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT
+				     ? (struct commit *)a_obj
+				     : lookup_commit_reference(a_obj->oid.hash));
+				b = (b_obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT
+				     ? (struct commit *)b_obj
+				     : lookup_commit_reference(b_obj->oid.hash));
+				if (!a || !b)
+					goto missing;
+				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b);
+				add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, exclude,
+						     REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
+						     flags_exclude);
 				add_pending_commit_list(revs, exclude,
 							flags_exclude);
 				free_commit_list(exclude);
+
 				a_flags = flags | SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
-			} else
-				a_flags = flags_exclude;
-			a->object.flags |= a_flags;
-			b->object.flags |= flags;
-			add_rev_cmdline(revs, &a->object, this,
+			}
+
+			a_obj->flags |= a_flags;
+			b_obj->flags |= flags;
+			add_rev_cmdline(revs, a_obj, this,
 					REV_CMD_LEFT, a_flags);
-			add_rev_cmdline(revs, &b->object, next,
+			add_rev_cmdline(revs, b_obj, next,
 					REV_CMD_RIGHT, flags);
-			add_pending_object(revs, &a->object, this);
-			add_pending_object(revs, &b->object, next);
+			add_pending_object(revs, a_obj, this);
+			add_pending_object(revs, b_obj, next);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		*dotdot = '.';
@@ -1171,22 +1541,26 @@ int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs,
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "^!");
 	if (dotdot && !dotdot[2]) {
 		*dotdot = 0;
-		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ UNINTERESTING))
+		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM)))
 			*dotdot = '^';
 	}
 
 	local_flags = 0;
 	if (*arg == '^') {
-		local_flags = UNINTERESTING;
+		local_flags = UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 		arg++;
 	}
-	if (get_sha1_with_mode(arg, sha1, &mode))
+
+	if (revarg_opt & REVARG_COMMITTISH)
+		get_sha1_flags = GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH;
+
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(arg, get_sha1_flags, sha1, &oc))
 		return revs->ignore_missing ? 0 : -1;
 	if (!cant_be_filename)
 		verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
 	object = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, flags ^ local_flags);
 	add_rev_cmdline(revs, object, arg_, REV_CMD_REV, flags ^ local_flags);
-	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, arg, mode);
+	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, arg, oc.mode);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1199,7 +1573,7 @@ struct cmdline_pathspec {
 static void append_prune_data(struct cmdline_pathspec *prune, const char **av)
 {
 	while (*av) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr+1, prune->alloc);
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr + 1, prune->alloc);
 		prune->path[prune->nr++] = *(av++);
 	}
 }
@@ -1207,11 +1581,8 @@ static void append_prune_data(struct cmdline_pathspec *prune, const char **av)
 static void read_pathspec_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs, struct strbuf *sb,
 				     struct cmdline_pathspec *prune)
 {
-	while (strbuf_getwholeline(sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-		int len = sb->len;
-		if (len && sb->buf[len - 1] == '\n')
-			sb->buf[--len] = '\0';
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr+1, prune->alloc);
+	while (strbuf_getline(sb, stdin) != EOF) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr + 1, prune->alloc);
 		prune->path[prune->nr++] = xstrdup(sb->buf);
 	}
 }
@@ -1221,12 +1592,14 @@ static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs,
 {
 	struct strbuf sb;
 	int seen_dashdash = 0;
+	int save_warning;
+
+	save_warning = warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
 
 	strbuf_init(&sb, 1000);
-	while (strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin) != EOF) {
 		int len = sb.len;
-		if (len && sb.buf[len - 1] == '\n')
-			sb.buf[--len] = '\0';
 		if (!len)
 			break;
 		if (sb.buf[0] == '-') {
@@ -1236,12 +1609,15 @@ static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs,
 			}
 			die("options not supported in --stdin mode");
 		}
-		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0, 1))
+		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0,
+					REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
 			die("bad revision '%s'", sb.buf);
 	}
 	if (seen_dashdash)
 		read_pathspec_from_stdin(revs, &sb, prune);
+
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = save_warning;
 }
 
 static void add_grep(struct rev_info *revs, const char *ptn, enum grep_pat_token what)
@@ -1271,9 +1647,11 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	    !strcmp(arg, "--tags") || !strcmp(arg, "--remotes") ||
 	    !strcmp(arg, "--reflog") || !strcmp(arg, "--not") ||
 	    !strcmp(arg, "--no-walk") || !strcmp(arg, "--do-walk") ||
-	    !strcmp(arg, "--bisect") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes="))
+	    !strcmp(arg, "--bisect") || starts_with(arg, "--glob=") ||
+	    !strcmp(arg, "--indexed-objects") ||
+	    starts_with(arg, "--exclude=") ||
+	    starts_with(arg, "--branches=") || starts_with(arg, "--tags=") ||
+	    starts_with(arg, "--remotes=") || starts_with(arg, "--no-walk="))
 	{
 		unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
 		return 1;
@@ -1287,8 +1665,10 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->skip_count = atoi(optarg);
 		return argcount;
 	} else if ((*arg == '-') && isdigit(arg[1])) {
-	/* accept -<digit>, like traditional "head" */
-		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 1);
+		/* accept -<digit>, like traditional "head" */
+		if (strtol_i(arg + 1, 10, &revs->max_count) < 0 ||
+		    revs->max_count < 0)
+			die("'%s': not a non-negative integer", arg + 1);
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-n")) {
 		if (argc <= 1)
@@ -1296,7 +1676,7 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->max_count = atoi(argv[1]);
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 		return 2;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-n")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "-n")) {
 		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 2);
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("max-age", argv, &optarg))) {
@@ -1333,15 +1713,17 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merge")) {
 		revs->show_merge = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--topo-order")) {
-		revs->lifo = 1;
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-merges")) {
 		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
 		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
 		revs->simplify_history = 0;
 		revs->limited = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-by-decoration")) {
 		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
 		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
 		revs->simplify_history = 0;
 		revs->simplify_by_decoration = 1;
@@ -1349,9 +1731,12 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->prune = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--date-order")) {
-		revs->lifo = 0;
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--author-date-order")) {
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE;
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--early-output")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--early-output")) {
 		int count = 100;
 		switch (arg[14]) {
 		case '=':
@@ -1376,13 +1761,13 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->min_parents = 2;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-merges")) {
 		revs->max_parents = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--min-parents=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--min-parents=")) {
 		revs->min_parents = atoi(arg+14);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-min-parents")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--no-min-parents")) {
 		revs->min_parents = 0;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-parents=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--max-parents=")) {
 		revs->max_parents = atoi(arg+14);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-max-parents")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--no-max-parents")) {
 		revs->max_parents = -1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--boundary")) {
 		revs->boundary = 1;
@@ -1425,6 +1810,12 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->tree_objects = 1;
 		revs->blob_objects = 1;
 		revs->edge_hint = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--objects-edge-aggressive")) {
+		revs->tag_objects = 1;
+		revs->tree_objects = 1;
+		revs->blob_objects = 1;
+		revs->edge_hint = 1;
+		revs->edge_hint_aggressive = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-objects")) {
 		revs->tag_objects = 1;
 		revs->tree_objects = 1;
@@ -1432,7 +1823,7 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->verify_objects = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--unpacked")) {
 		revs->unpacked = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--unpacked=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--unpacked=")) {
 		die("--unpacked=<packfile> no longer supported.");
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-r")) {
 		revs->diff = 1;
@@ -1456,8 +1847,8 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pretty")) {
 		revs->verbose_header = 1;
 		revs->pretty_given = 1;
-		get_commit_format(arg+8, revs);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pretty=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--format=")) {
+		get_commit_format(NULL, revs);
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--pretty=") || starts_with(arg, "--format=")) {
 		/*
 		 * Detached form ("--pretty X" as opposed to "--pretty=X")
 		 * not allowed, since the argument is optional.
@@ -1465,16 +1856,35 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->verbose_header = 1;
 		revs->pretty_given = 1;
 		get_commit_format(arg+9, revs);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--expand-tabs")) {
+		revs->expand_tabs_in_log = 8;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-expand-tabs")) {
+		revs->expand_tabs_in_log = 0;
+	} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--expand-tabs=", &arg)) {
+		int val;
+		if (strtol_i(arg, 10, &val) < 0 || val < 0)
+			die("'%s': not a non-negative integer", arg);
+		revs->expand_tabs_in_log = val;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-notes") || !strcmp(arg, "--notes")) {
 		revs->show_notes = 1;
 		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
 		revs->notes_opt.use_default_notes = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--show-notes=") ||
-		   !prefixcmp(arg, "--notes=")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-signature")) {
+		revs->show_signature = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-linear-break") ||
+		   starts_with(arg, "--show-linear-break=")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--show-linear-break="))
+			revs->break_bar = xstrdup(arg + 20);
+		else
+			revs->break_bar = "                    ..........";
+		revs->track_linear = 1;
+		revs->track_first_time = 1;
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--show-notes=") ||
+		   starts_with(arg, "--notes=")) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		revs->show_notes = 1;
 		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--show-notes")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--show-notes")) {
 			if (revs->notes_opt.use_default_notes < 0)
 				revs->notes_opt.use_default_notes = 1;
 			strbuf_addstr(&buf, arg+13);
@@ -1517,7 +1927,7 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->abbrev = 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev")) {
 		revs->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
 		revs->abbrev = strtoul(arg + 9, NULL, 10);
 		if (revs->abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
 			revs->abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
@@ -1534,10 +1944,10 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-history")) {
 		revs->simplify_history = 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--relative-date")) {
-		revs->date_mode = DATE_RELATIVE;
+		revs->date_mode.type = DATE_RELATIVE;
 		revs->date_mode_explicit = 1;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("date", argv, &optarg))) {
-		revs->date_mode = parse_date_format(optarg);
+		parse_date_format(optarg, &revs->date_mode);
 		revs->date_mode_explicit = 1;
 		return argcount;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--log-size")) {
@@ -1552,17 +1962,29 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("committer", argv, &optarg))) {
 		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER, optarg);
 		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("grep-reflog", argv, &optarg))) {
+		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_REFLOG, optarg);
+		return argcount;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("grep", argv, &optarg))) {
 		add_message_grep(revs, optarg);
 		return argcount;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--grep-debug")) {
+		revs->grep_filter.debug = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--basic-regexp")) {
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--extended-regexp") || !strcmp(arg, "-E")) {
-		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--regexp-ignore-case") || !strcmp(arg, "-i")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--fixed-strings") || !strcmp(arg, "-F")) {
-		revs->grep_filter.fixed = 1;
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED, &revs->grep_filter);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--perl-regexp")) {
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all-match")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.all_match = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--invert-grep")) {
+		revs->invert_grep = 1;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("encoding", argv, &optarg))) {
 		if (strcmp(optarg, "none"))
 			git_log_output_encoding = xstrdup(optarg);
@@ -1577,11 +1999,13 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-missing")) {
 		revs->ignore_missing = 1;
 	} else {
-		int opts = diff_opt_parse(&revs->diffopt, argv, argc);
+		int opts = diff_opt_parse(&revs->diffopt, argv, argc, revs->prefix);
 		if (!opts)
 			unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
 		return opts;
 	}
+	if (revs->graph && revs->track_linear)
+		die("--show-linear-break and --graph are incompatible");
 
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -1600,14 +2024,23 @@ void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 	ctx->argc -= n;
 }
 
+static int for_each_bisect_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data, const char *term) {
+	struct strbuf bisect_refs = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status;
+	strbuf_addf(&bisect_refs, "refs/bisect/%s", term);
+	status = for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, bisect_refs.buf, fn, cb_data);
+	strbuf_release(&bisect_refs);
+	return status;
+}
+
 static int for_each_bad_bisect_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, "refs/bisect/bad", fn, cb_data);
+	return for_each_bisect_ref(submodule, fn, cb_data, term_bad);
 }
 
 static int for_each_good_bisect_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, "refs/bisect/good", fn, cb_data);
+	return for_each_bisect_ref(submodule, fn, cb_data, term_good);
 }
 
 static int handle_revision_pseudo_opt(const char *submodule,
@@ -1631,39 +2064,64 @@ static int handle_revision_pseudo_opt(const char *submodule,
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_ref_submodule);
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, head_ref_submodule);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_branch_ref_submodule);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
+		read_bisect_terms(&term_bad, &term_good);
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_bad_bisect_ref);
-		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags ^ UNINTERESTING, for_each_good_bisect_ref);
+		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM), for_each_good_bisect_ref);
 		revs->bisect = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_tag_ref_submodule);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_remote_ref_submodule);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("glob", argv, &optarg))) {
 		struct all_refs_cb cb;
 		init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, *flags);
 		for_each_glob_ref(handle_one_ref, optarg, &cb);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 		return argcount;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=")) {
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("exclude", argv, &optarg))) {
+		add_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes, optarg);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--branches=")) {
 		struct all_refs_cb cb;
 		init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, *flags);
 		for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 11, "refs/heads/", &cb);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=")) {
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--tags=")) {
 		struct all_refs_cb cb;
 		init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, *flags);
 		for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 7, "refs/tags/", &cb);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes=")) {
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--remotes=")) {
 		struct all_refs_cb cb;
 		init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, *flags);
 		for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 10, "refs/remotes/", &cb);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--reflog")) {
-		handle_reflog(revs, *flags);
+		add_reflogs_to_pending(revs, *flags);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--indexed-objects")) {
+		add_index_objects_to_pending(revs, *flags);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--not")) {
-		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-walk")) {
-		revs->no_walk = 1;
+		revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--no-walk=")) {
+		/*
+		 * Detached form ("--no-walk X" as opposed to "--no-walk=X")
+		 * not allowed, since the argument is optional.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(arg + 10, "sorted"))
+			revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg + 10, "unsorted"))
+			revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED;
+		else
+			return error("invalid argument to --no-walk");
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--do-walk")) {
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	} else {
@@ -1673,6 +2131,21 @@ static int handle_revision_pseudo_opt(const char *submodule,
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static void NORETURN diagnose_missing_default(const char *def)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flags;
+	const char *refname;
+
+	refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(def, 0, sha1, &flags);
+	if (!refname || !(flags & REF_ISSYMREF) || (flags & REF_ISBROKEN))
+		die(_("your current branch appears to be broken"));
+
+	skip_prefix(refname, "refs/heads/", &refname);
+	die(_("your current branch '%s' does not have any commits yet"),
+	    refname);
+}
+
 /*
  * Parse revision information, filling in the "rev_info" structure,
  * and removing the used arguments from the argument list.
@@ -1682,7 +2155,7 @@ static int handle_revision_pseudo_opt(const char *submodule,
  */
 int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
-	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin, got_rev_arg = 0;
+	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin, got_rev_arg = 0, revarg_opt;
 	struct cmdline_pathspec prune_data;
 	const char *submodule = NULL;
 
@@ -1691,21 +2164,28 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 		submodule = opt->submodule;
 
 	/* First, search for "--" */
-	seen_dashdash = 0;
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *arg = argv[i];
-		if (strcmp(arg, "--"))
-			continue;
-		argv[i] = NULL;
-		argc = i;
-		if (argv[i + 1])
-			append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i + 1);
+	if (opt && opt->assume_dashdash) {
 		seen_dashdash = 1;
-		break;
+	} else {
+		seen_dashdash = 0;
+		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+			const char *arg = argv[i];
+			if (strcmp(arg, "--"))
+				continue;
+			argv[i] = NULL;
+			argc = i;
+			if (argv[i + 1])
+				append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i + 1);
+			seen_dashdash = 1;
+			break;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* Second, deal with arguments and options */
 	flags = 0;
+	revarg_opt = opt ? opt->revarg_opt : 0;
+	if (seen_dashdash)
+		revarg_opt |= REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
 	read_from_stdin = 0;
 	for (left = i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
@@ -1741,7 +2221,8 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (handle_revision_arg(arg, revs, flags, seen_dashdash)) {
+
+		if (handle_revision_arg(arg, revs, flags, revarg_opt)) {
 			int j;
 			if (seen_dashdash || *arg == '^')
 				die("bad revision '%s'", arg);
@@ -1753,7 +2234,7 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 			 * but the latter we have checked in the main loop.
 			 */
 			for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
-				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j]);
+				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 
 			append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i);
 			break;
@@ -1777,10 +2258,10 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 		 *	call init_pathspec() to set revs->prune_data here.
 		 * }
 		 */
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune_data.path, prune_data.nr+1, prune_data.alloc);
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune_data.path, prune_data.nr + 1, prune_data.alloc);
 		prune_data.path[prune_data.nr++] = NULL;
-		init_pathspec(&revs->prune_data,
-			      get_pathspec(revs->prefix, prune_data.path));
+		parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, 0, 0,
+			       revs->prefix, prune_data.path);
 	}
 
 	if (revs->def == NULL)
@@ -1792,11 +2273,11 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 	if (revs->def && !revs->pending.nr && !got_rev_arg) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct object *object;
-		unsigned mode;
-		if (get_sha1_with_mode(revs->def, sha1, &mode))
-			die("bad default revision '%s'", revs->def);
+		struct object_context oc;
+		if (get_sha1_with_context(revs->def, 0, sha1, &oc))
+			diagnose_missing_default(revs->def);
 		object = get_reference(revs, revs->def, sha1, 0);
-		add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, revs->def, mode);
+		add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, revs->def, oc.mode);
 	}
 
 	/* Did the user ask for any diff output? Run the diff! */
@@ -1813,19 +2294,27 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 		revs->limited = 1;
 
 	if (revs->prune_data.nr) {
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data.raw, &revs->pruning);
+		copy_pathspec(&revs->pruning.pathspec, &revs->prune_data);
 		/* Can't prune commits with rename following: the paths change.. */
 		if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
 			revs->prune = 1;
 		if (!revs->full_diff)
-			diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data.raw, &revs->diffopt);
+			copy_pathspec(&revs->diffopt.pathspec,
+				      &revs->prune_data);
 	}
 	if (revs->combine_merges)
 		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
 	revs->diffopt.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
 
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse) {
+		revs->limited = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	}
+
+	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
+
+	grep_commit_pattern_type(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
+				 &revs->grep_filter);
 	compile_grep_patterns(&revs->grep_filter);
 
 	if (revs->reverse && revs->reflog_info)
@@ -1841,6 +2330,16 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 
 	if (revs->reflog_info && revs->graph)
 		die("cannot combine --walk-reflogs with --graph");
+	if (revs->no_walk && revs->graph)
+		die("cannot combine --no-walk with --graph");
+	if (!revs->reflog_info && revs->grep_filter.use_reflog_filter)
+		die("cannot use --grep-reflog without --walk-reflogs");
+
+	if (revs->first_parent_only && revs->bisect)
+		die(_("--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"));
+
+	if (revs->expand_tabs_in_log < 0)
+		revs->expand_tabs_in_log = revs->expand_tabs_in_log_default;
 
 	return left;
 }
@@ -1853,28 +2352,32 @@ static void add_child(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commi
 	l->next = add_decoration(&revs->children, &parent->object, l);
 }
 
-static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct commit *commit)
+static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
+	struct treesame_state *ts = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
 	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
 	int surviving_parents;
 
 	/* Examine existing parents while marking ones we have seen... */
 	pp = &commit->parents;
+	surviving_parents = 0;
 	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
 		struct commit *parent = p->item;
 		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
 			*pp = p->next;
+			if (ts)
+				compact_treesame(revs, commit, surviving_parents);
 			continue;
 		}
 		parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+		surviving_parents++;
 		pp = &p->next;
 	}
-	/* count them while clearing the temporary mark */
-	surviving_parents = 0;
+	/* clear the temporary mark */
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		p->item->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
-		surviving_parents++;
 	}
+	/* no update_treesame() - removing duplicates can't affect TREESAME */
 	return surviving_parents;
 }
 
@@ -1894,9 +2397,157 @@ static struct merge_simplify_state *locate_simplify_state(struct rev_info *revs,
 	return st;
 }
 
+static int mark_redundant_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
+	int i = 0, marked = 0;
+	struct commit_list *po, *pn;
+
+	/* Want these for sanity-checking only */
+	int orig_cnt = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	int cnt = commit_list_count(h);
+
+	/*
+	 * Not ready to remove items yet, just mark them for now, based
+	 * on the output of reduce_heads(). reduce_heads outputs the reduced
+	 * set in its original order, so this isn't too hard.
+	 */
+	po = commit->parents;
+	pn = h;
+	while (po) {
+		if (pn && po->item == pn->item) {
+			pn = pn->next;
+			i++;
+		} else {
+			po->item->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			marked++;
+		}
+		po=po->next;
+	}
+
+	if (i != cnt || cnt+marked != orig_cnt)
+		die("mark_redundant_parents %d %d %d %d", orig_cnt, cnt, i, marked);
+
+	free_commit_list(h);
+
+	return marked;
+}
+
+static int mark_treesame_root_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int marked = 0;
+
+	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (!parent->parents && (parent->object.flags & TREESAME)) {
+			parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			marked++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return marked;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Awkward naming - this means one parent we are TREESAME to.
+ * cf mark_treesame_root_parents: root parents that are TREESAME (to an
+ * empty tree). Better name suggestions?
+ */
+static int leave_one_treesame_to_parent(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct treesame_state *ts = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+	struct commit *unmarked = NULL, *marked = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	unsigned n;
+
+	for (p = commit->parents, n = 0; p; p = p->next, n++) {
+		if (ts->treesame[n]) {
+			if (p->item->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+				if (!marked)
+					marked = p->item;
+			} else {
+				if (!unmarked) {
+					unmarked = p->item;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are TREESAME to a marked-for-deletion parent, but not to any
+	 * unmarked parents, unmark the first TREESAME parent. This is the
+	 * parent that the default simplify_history==1 scan would have followed,
+	 * and it doesn't make sense to omit that path when asking for a
+	 * simplified full history. Retaining it improves the chances of
+	 * understanding odd missed merges that took an old version of a file.
+	 *
+	 * Example:
+	 *
+	 *   I--------*X       A modified the file, but mainline merge X used
+	 *    \       /        "-s ours", so took the version from I. X is
+	 *     `-*A--'         TREESAME to I and !TREESAME to A.
+	 *
+	 * Default log from X would produce "I". Without this check,
+	 * --full-history --simplify-merges would produce "I-A-X", showing
+	 * the merge commit X and that it changed A, but not making clear that
+	 * it had just taken the I version. With this check, the topology above
+	 * is retained.
+	 *
+	 * Note that it is possible that the simplification chooses a different
+	 * TREESAME parent from the default, in which case this test doesn't
+	 * activate, and we _do_ drop the default parent. Example:
+	 *
+	 *   I------X         A modified the file, but it was reverted in B,
+	 *    \    /          meaning mainline merge X is TREESAME to both
+	 *    *A-*B           parents.
+	 *
+	 * Default log would produce "I" by following the first parent;
+	 * --full-history --simplify-merges will produce "I-A-B". But this is a
+	 * reasonable result - it presents a logical full history leading from
+	 * I to X, and X is not an important merge.
+	 */
+	if (!unmarked && marked) {
+		marked->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_marked_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
+	int nth_parent, removed = 0;
+
+	pp = &commit->parents;
+	nth_parent = 0;
+	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+			parent->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+			*pp = p->next;
+			free(p);
+			removed++;
+			compact_treesame(revs, commit, nth_parent);
+			continue;
+		}
+		pp = &p->next;
+		nth_parent++;
+	}
+
+	/* Removing parents can only increase TREESAMEness */
+	if (removed && !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME))
+		update_treesame(revs, commit);
+
+	return nth_parent;
+}
+
 static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, struct commit_list **tail)
 {
 	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct commit *parent;
 	struct merge_simplify_state *st, *pst;
 	int cnt;
 
@@ -1919,8 +2570,9 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Do we know what commit all of our parents should be rewritten to?
-	 * Otherwise we are not ready to rewrite this one yet.
+	 * Do we know what commit all of our parents that matter
+	 * should be rewritten to?  Otherwise we are not ready to
+	 * rewrite this one yet.
 	 */
 	for (cnt = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
@@ -1928,6 +2580,8 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 			tail = &commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next;
 			cnt++;
 		}
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			break;
 	}
 	if (cnt) {
 		tail = &commit_list_insert(commit, tail)->next;
@@ -1935,49 +2589,67 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Rewrite our list of parents.
+	 * Rewrite our list of parents. Note that this cannot
+	 * affect our TREESAME flags in any way - a commit is
+	 * always TREESAME to its simplification.
 	 */
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
 		p->item = pst->simplified;
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			break;
 	}
-	cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+
+	if (revs->first_parent_only)
+		cnt = 1;
+	else
+		cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(revs, commit);
 
 	/*
 	 * It is possible that we are a merge and one side branch
 	 * does not have any commit that touches the given paths;
-	 * in such a case, the immediate parents will be rewritten
-	 * to different commits.
+	 * in such a case, the immediate parent from that branch
+	 * will be rewritten to be the merge base.
 	 *
 	 *      o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
 	 *     /    /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
 	 * ---o----'
 	 *
-	 * Further reduce the parents by removing redundant parents.
+	 * Further, a merge of an independent branch that doesn't
+	 * touch the path will reduce to a treesame root parent:
+	 *
+	 *  ----o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
+	 *          /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
+	 *         r		r: a root commit not touching the paths
+	 *
+	 * Detect and simplify both cases.
 	 */
 	if (1 < cnt) {
-		struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
-		cnt = commit_list_count(h);
-		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
-		commit->parents = h;
+		int marked = mark_redundant_parents(revs, commit);
+		marked += mark_treesame_root_parents(revs, commit);
+		if (marked)
+			marked -= leave_one_treesame_to_parent(revs, commit);
+		if (marked)
+			cnt = remove_marked_parents(revs, commit);
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * A commit simplifies to itself if it is a root, if it is
 	 * UNINTERESTING, if it touches the given paths, or if it is a
-	 * merge and its parents simplifies to more than one commits
+	 * merge and its parents don't simplify to one relevant commit
 	 * (the first two cases are already handled at the beginning of
 	 * this function).
 	 *
-	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole parent simplifies to.
+	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole relevant parent
+	 * simplifies to.
 	 */
 	if (!cnt ||
 	    (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) ||
 	    !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME) ||
-	    (1 < cnt))
+	    (parent = one_relevant_parent(revs, commit->parents)) == NULL)
 		st->simplified = commit;
 	else {
-		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit->parents->item);
+		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, parent);
 		st->simplified = pst->simplified;
 	}
 	return tail;
@@ -1985,27 +2657,30 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 
 static void simplify_merges(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
-	struct commit_list *list;
+	struct commit_list *list, *next;
 	struct commit_list *yet_to_do, **tail;
+	struct commit *commit;
 
-	if (!revs->topo_order)
-		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
 	if (!revs->prune)
 		return;
 
 	/* feed the list reversed */
 	yet_to_do = NULL;
-	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next)
-		commit_list_insert(list->item, &yet_to_do);
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = next) {
+		commit = list->item;
+		next = list->next;
+		/*
+		 * Do not free(list) here yet; the original list
+		 * is used later in this function.
+		 */
+		commit_list_insert(commit, &yet_to_do);
+	}
 	while (yet_to_do) {
 		list = yet_to_do;
 		yet_to_do = NULL;
 		tail = &yet_to_do;
 		while (list) {
-			struct commit *commit = list->item;
-			struct commit_list *next = list->next;
-			free(list);
-			list = next;
+			commit = pop_commit(&list);
 			tail = simplify_one(revs, commit, tail);
 		}
 	}
@@ -2015,11 +2690,9 @@ static void simplify_merges(struct rev_info *revs)
 	revs->commits = NULL;
 	tail = &revs->commits;
 	while (list) {
-		struct commit *commit = list->item;
-		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
 		struct merge_simplify_state *st;
-		free(list);
-		list = next;
+
+		commit = pop_commit(&list);
 		st = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit);
 		if (st->simplified == commit)
 			tail = &commit_list_insert(commit, tail)->next;
@@ -2038,35 +2711,50 @@ static void set_children(struct rev_info *revs)
 	}
 }
 
+void reset_revision_walk(void)
+{
+	clear_object_flags(SEEN | ADDED | SHOWN);
+}
+
 int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
-	int nr = revs->pending.nr;
-	struct object_array_entry *e, *list;
+	int i;
+	struct object_array old_pending;
+	struct commit_list **next = &revs->commits;
 
-	e = list = revs->pending.objects;
+	memcpy(&old_pending, &revs->pending, sizeof(old_pending));
 	revs->pending.nr = 0;
 	revs->pending.alloc = 0;
 	revs->pending.objects = NULL;
-	while (--nr >= 0) {
-		struct commit *commit = handle_commit(revs, e->item, e->name);
+	for (i = 0; i < old_pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *e = old_pending.objects + i;
+		struct commit *commit = handle_commit(revs, e);
 		if (commit) {
 			if (!(commit->object.flags & SEEN)) {
 				commit->object.flags |= SEEN;
-				commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &revs->commits);
+				next = commit_list_append(commit, next);
 			}
 		}
-		e++;
 	}
 	if (!revs->leak_pending)
-		free(list);
+		object_array_clear(&old_pending);
+
+	/* Signal whether we need per-parent treesame decoration */
+	if (revs->simplify_merges ||
+	    (revs->limited && limiting_can_increase_treesame(revs)))
+		revs->treesame.name = "treesame";
 
+	if (revs->no_walk != REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED)
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&revs->commits);
 	if (revs->no_walk)
 		return 0;
 	if (revs->limited)
 		if (limit_list(revs) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	if (revs->topo_order)
-		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_filter(revs);
 	if (revs->simplify_merges)
 		simplify_merges(revs);
 	if (revs->children.name)
@@ -2074,12 +2762,6 @@ int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-enum rewrite_result {
-	rewrite_one_ok,
-	rewrite_one_noparents,
-	rewrite_one_error
-};
-
 static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp)
 {
 	struct commit_list *cache = NULL;
@@ -2089,24 +2771,25 @@ static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp
 		if (!revs->limited)
 			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, p, &revs->commits, &cache) < 0)
 				return rewrite_one_error;
-		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
-			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (!p->parents)
 			return rewrite_one_noparents;
-		*pp = p->parents->item;
+		if ((p = one_relevant_parent(revs, p->parents)) == NULL)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		*pp = p;
 	}
 }
 
-static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+	rewrite_parent_fn_t rewrite_parent)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp = &commit->parents;
 	while (*pp) {
 		struct commit_list *parent = *pp;
-		switch (rewrite_one(revs, &parent->item)) {
+		switch (rewrite_parent(revs, &parent->item)) {
 		case rewrite_one_ok:
 			break;
 		case rewrite_one_noparents:
@@ -2117,20 +2800,120 @@ static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 		}
 		pp = &parent->next;
 	}
-	remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+	remove_duplicate_parents(revs, commit);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int commit_rewrite_person(struct strbuf *buf, const char *what, struct string_list *mailmap)
+{
+	char *person, *endp;
+	size_t len, namelen, maillen;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *mail;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	person = strstr(buf->buf, what);
+	if (!person)
+		return 0;
+
+	person += strlen(what);
+	endp = strchr(person, '\n');
+	if (!endp)
+		return 0;
+
+	len = endp - person;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, person, len))
+		return 0;
+
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen)) {
+		struct strbuf namemail = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addf(&namemail, "%.*s <%.*s>",
+			    (int)namelen, name, (int)maillen, mail);
+
+		strbuf_splice(buf, ident.name_begin - buf->buf,
+			      ident.mail_end - ident.name_begin + 1,
+			      namemail.buf, namemail.len);
+
+		strbuf_release(&namemail);
+
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int commit_match(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *opt)
 {
+	int retval;
+	const char *encoding;
+	const char *message;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	if (!opt->grep_filter.pattern_list && !opt->grep_filter.header_list)
 		return 1;
-	return grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
-			   NULL, /* we say nothing, not even filename */
-			   commit->buffer, strlen(commit->buffer));
+
+	/* Prepend "fake" headers as needed */
+	if (opt->grep_filter.use_reflog_filter) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "reflog ");
+		get_reflog_message(&buf, opt->reflog_info);
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We grep in the user's output encoding, under the assumption that it
+	 * is the encoding they are most likely to write their grep pattern
+	 * for. In addition, it means we will match the "notes" encoding below,
+	 * so we will not end up with a buffer that has two different encodings
+	 * in it.
+	 */
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
+
+	/* Copy the commit to temporary if we are using "fake" headers */
+	if (buf.len)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+	if (opt->grep_filter.header_list && opt->mailmap) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\nauthor ", opt->mailmap);
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\ncommitter ", opt->mailmap);
+	}
+
+	/* Append "fake" message parts as needed */
+	if (opt->show_notes) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.oid.hash, &buf, encoding, 1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Find either in the original commit message, or in the temporary.
+	 * Note that we cast away the constness of "message" here. It is
+	 * const because it may come from the cached commit buffer. That's OK,
+	 * because we know that it is modifiable heap memory, and that while
+	 * grep_buffer may modify it for speed, it will restore any
+	 * changes before returning.
+	 */
+	if (buf.len)
+		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	else
+		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
+				     (char *)message, strlen(message));
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
+	return opt->invert_grep ? !retval : retval;
 }
 
-static inline int want_ancestry(struct rev_info *revs)
+static inline int want_ancestry(const struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	return (revs->rewrite_parents || revs->children.name);
 }
@@ -2139,7 +2922,7 @@ enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commi
 {
 	if (commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
 		return commit_ignore;
-	if (revs->unpacked && has_sha1_pack(commit->object.sha1))
+	if (revs->unpacked && has_sha1_pack(commit->object.oid.hash))
 		return commit_ignore;
 	if (revs->show_all)
 		return commit_show;
@@ -2148,10 +2931,7 @@ enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commi
 	if (revs->min_age != -1 && (commit->date > revs->min_age))
 		return commit_ignore;
 	if (revs->min_parents || (revs->max_parents >= 0)) {
-		int n = 0;
-		struct commit_list *p;
-		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
-			n++;
+		int n = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 		if ((n < revs->min_parents) ||
 		    ((revs->max_parents >= 0) && (n > revs->max_parents)))
 			return commit_ignore;
@@ -2161,17 +2941,83 @@ enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commi
 	if (revs->prune && revs->dense) {
 		/* Commit without changes? */
 		if (commit->object.flags & TREESAME) {
+			int n;
+			struct commit_list *p;
 			/* drop merges unless we want parenthood */
 			if (!want_ancestry(revs))
 				return commit_ignore;
-			/* non-merge - always ignore it */
-			if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
-				return commit_ignore;
+			/*
+			 * If we want ancestry, then need to keep any merges
+			 * between relevant commits to tie together topology.
+			 * For consistency with TREESAME and simplification
+			 * use "relevant" here rather than just INTERESTING,
+			 * to treat bottom commit(s) as part of the topology.
+			 */
+			for (n = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
+				if (relevant_commit(p->item))
+					if (++n >= 2)
+						return commit_show;
+			return commit_ignore;
 		}
 	}
 	return commit_show;
 }
 
+define_commit_slab(saved_parents, struct commit_list *);
+
+#define EMPTY_PARENT_LIST ((struct commit_list *)-1)
+
+/*
+ * You may only call save_parents() once per commit (this is checked
+ * for non-root commits).
+ */
+static void save_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp;
+
+	if (!revs->saved_parents_slab) {
+		revs->saved_parents_slab = xmalloc(sizeof(struct saved_parents));
+		init_saved_parents(revs->saved_parents_slab);
+	}
+
+	pp = saved_parents_at(revs->saved_parents_slab, commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * When walking with reflogs, we may visit the same commit
+	 * several times: once for each appearance in the reflog.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, save_parents() will be called multiple times.
+	 * We want to keep only the first set of parents.  We need to
+	 * store a sentinel value for an empty (i.e., NULL) parent
+	 * list to distinguish it from a not-yet-saved list, however.
+	 */
+	if (*pp)
+		return;
+	if (commit->parents)
+		*pp = copy_commit_list(commit->parents);
+	else
+		*pp = EMPTY_PARENT_LIST;
+}
+
+static void free_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	if (revs->saved_parents_slab)
+		clear_saved_parents(revs->saved_parents_slab);
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	if (!revs->saved_parents_slab)
+		return commit->parents;
+
+	parents = *saved_parents_at(revs->saved_parents_slab, commit);
+	if (parents == EMPTY_PARENT_LIST)
+		return NULL;
+	return parents;
+}
+
 enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	enum commit_action action = get_commit_action(revs, commit);
@@ -2179,25 +3025,51 @@ enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 	if (action == commit_show &&
 	    !revs->show_all &&
 	    revs->prune && revs->dense && want_ancestry(revs)) {
-		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * --full-diff on simplified parents is no good: it
+		 * will show spurious changes from the commits that
+		 * were elided.  So we save the parents on the side
+		 * when --full-diff is in effect.
+		 */
+		if (revs->full_diff)
+			save_parents(revs, commit);
+		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit, rewrite_one) < 0)
 			return commit_error;
 	}
 	return action;
 }
 
+static void track_linear(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (revs->track_first_time) {
+		revs->linear = 1;
+		revs->track_first_time = 0;
+	} else {
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		for (p = revs->previous_parents; p; p = p->next)
+			if (p->item == NULL || /* first commit */
+			    !oidcmp(&p->item->object.oid, &commit->object.oid))
+				break;
+		revs->linear = p != NULL;
+	}
+	if (revs->reverse) {
+		if (revs->linear)
+			commit->object.flags |= TRACK_LINEAR;
+	}
+	free_commit_list(revs->previous_parents);
+	revs->previous_parents = copy_commit_list(commit->parents);
+}
+
 static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	if (!revs->commits)
 		return NULL;
 
 	do {
-		struct commit_list *entry = revs->commits;
-		struct commit *commit = entry->item;
-
-		revs->commits = entry->next;
-		free(entry);
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&revs->commits);
 
 		if (revs->reflog_info) {
+			save_parents(revs, commit);
 			fake_reflog_parent(revs->reflog_info, commit);
 			commit->object.flags &= ~(ADDED | SEEN | SHOWN);
 		}
@@ -2211,9 +3083,11 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 			if (revs->max_age != -1 &&
 			    (commit->date < revs->max_age))
 				continue;
-			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &revs->commits, NULL) < 0)
-				die("Failed to traverse parents of commit %s",
-				    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &revs->commits, NULL) < 0) {
+				if (!revs->ignore_missing_links)
+					die("Failed to traverse parents of commit %s",
+						oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+			}
 		}
 
 		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
@@ -2221,33 +3095,33 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 			continue;
 		case commit_error:
 			die("Failed to simplify parents of commit %s",
-			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			    oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 		default:
+			if (revs->track_linear)
+				track_linear(revs, commit);
 			return commit;
 		}
 	} while (revs->commits);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
+/*
+ * Return true for entries that have not yet been shown.  (This is an
+ * object_array_each_func_t.)
+ */
+static int entry_unshown(struct object_array_entry *entry, void *cb_data_unused)
 {
-	unsigned nr = array->nr;
-	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
-	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+	return !(entry->item->flags & SHOWN);
+}
 
-	if (alloc <= nr) {
-		unsigned i, j;
-		for (i = j = 0; i < nr; i++) {
-			if (objects[i].item->flags & SHOWN)
-				continue;
-			if (i != j)
-				objects[j] = objects[i];
-			j++;
-		}
-		for (i = j; i < nr; i++)
-			objects[i].item = NULL;
-		array->nr = j;
-	}
+/*
+ * If array is on the verge of a realloc, garbage-collect any entries
+ * that have already been shown to try to free up some space.
+ */
+static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	if (array->nr == array->alloc)
+		object_array_filter(array, entry_unshown, NULL);
 }
 
 static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2288,7 +3162,7 @@ static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 	 * If revs->topo_order is set, sort the boundary commits
 	 * in topological order
 	 */
-	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
 }
 
 static struct commit *get_revision_internal(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2310,37 +3184,35 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_internal(struct rev_info *revs)
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Now pick up what they want to give us
+	 * If our max_count counter has reached zero, then we are done. We
+	 * don't simply return NULL because we still might need to show
+	 * boundary commits. But we want to avoid calling get_revision_1, which
+	 * might do a considerable amount of work finding the next commit only
+	 * for us to throw it away.
+	 *
+	 * If it is non-zero, then either we don't have a max_count at all
+	 * (-1), or it is still counting, in which case we decrement.
 	 */
-	c = get_revision_1(revs);
-	if (c) {
-		while (0 < revs->skip_count) {
-			revs->skip_count--;
-			c = get_revision_1(revs);
-			if (!c)
-				break;
+	if (revs->max_count) {
+		c = get_revision_1(revs);
+		if (c) {
+			while (revs->skip_count > 0) {
+				revs->skip_count--;
+				c = get_revision_1(revs);
+				if (!c)
+					break;
+			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Check the max_count.
-	 */
-	switch (revs->max_count) {
-	case -1:
-		break;
-	case 0:
-		c = NULL;
-		break;
-	default:
-		revs->max_count--;
+		if (revs->max_count > 0)
+			revs->max_count--;
 	}
 
 	if (c)
 		c->object.flags |= SHOWN;
 
-	if (!revs->boundary) {
+	if (!revs->boundary)
 		return c;
-	}
 
 	if (!c) {
 		/*
@@ -2386,20 +3258,30 @@ struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs)
 
 	if (revs->reverse) {
 		reversed = NULL;
-		while ((c = get_revision_internal(revs))) {
+		while ((c = get_revision_internal(revs)))
 			commit_list_insert(c, &reversed);
-		}
 		revs->commits = reversed;
 		revs->reverse = 0;
 		revs->reverse_output_stage = 1;
 	}
 
-	if (revs->reverse_output_stage)
-		return pop_commit(&revs->commits);
+	if (revs->reverse_output_stage) {
+		c = pop_commit(&revs->commits);
+		if (revs->track_linear)
+			revs->linear = !!(c && c->object.flags & TRACK_LINEAR);
+		return c;
+	}
 
 	c = get_revision_internal(revs);
 	if (c && revs->graph)
 		graph_update(revs->graph, c);
+	if (!c) {
+		free_saved_parents(revs);
+		if (revs->previous_parents) {
+			free_commit_list(revs->previous_parents);
+			revs->previous_parents = NULL;
+		}
+	}
 	return c;
 }
 
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index 6aa53d1aa7..9fac1a607d 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "notes.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
 
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define SEEN		(1u<<0)
 #define UNINTERESTING   (1u<<1)
 #define TREESAME	(1u<<2)
@@ -15,7 +18,9 @@
 #define ADDED		(1u<<7)	/* Parents already parsed and added? */
 #define SYMMETRIC_LEFT	(1u<<8)
 #define PATCHSAME	(1u<<9)
-#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	((1u<<10)-1)
+#define BOTTOM		(1u<<10)
+#define TRACK_LINEAR	(1u<<26)
+#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	(((1u<<11)-1) | TRACK_LINEAR)
 
 #define DECORATE_SHORT_REFS	1
 #define DECORATE_FULL_REFS	2
@@ -23,6 +28,7 @@
 struct rev_info;
 struct log_info;
 struct string_list;
+struct saved_parents;
 
 struct rev_cmdline_info {
 	unsigned int nr;
@@ -35,12 +41,17 @@ struct rev_cmdline_info {
 			REV_CMD_PARENTS_ONLY,
 			REV_CMD_LEFT,
 			REV_CMD_RIGHT,
+			REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
 			REV_CMD_REV
 		} whence;
 		unsigned flags;
 	} *rev;
 };
 
+#define REVISION_WALK_WALK 0
+#define REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED 1
+#define REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED 2
+
 struct rev_info {
 	/* Starting list */
 	struct commit_list *commits;
@@ -52,21 +63,28 @@ struct rev_info {
 	/* The end-points specified by the end user */
 	struct rev_cmdline_info cmdline;
 
+	/* excluding from --branches, --refs, etc. expansion */
+	struct string_list *ref_excludes;
+
 	/* Basic information */
 	const char *prefix;
 	const char *def;
 	struct pathspec prune_data;
+
+	/* topo-sort */
+	enum rev_sort_order sort_order;
+
 	unsigned int	early_output:1,
-			ignore_missing:1;
+			ignore_missing:1,
+			ignore_missing_links:1;
 
 	/* Traversal flags */
 	unsigned int	dense:1,
 			prune:1,
-			no_walk:1,
+			no_walk:2,
 			show_all:1,
 			remove_empty_trees:1,
 			simplify_history:1,
-			lifo:1,
 			topo_order:1,
 			simplify_merges:1,
 			simplify_by_decoration:1,
@@ -75,6 +93,7 @@ struct rev_info {
 			blob_objects:1,
 			verify_objects:1,
 			edge_hint:1,
+			edge_hint_aggressive:1,
 			limited:1,
 			unpacked:1,
 			boundary:2,
@@ -92,7 +111,8 @@ struct rev_info {
 			cherry_mark:1,
 			bisect:1,
 			ancestry_path:1,
-			first_parent_only:1;
+			first_parent_only:1,
+			line_level_traverse:1;
 
 	/* Diff flags */
 	unsigned int	diff:1,
@@ -107,20 +127,29 @@ struct rev_info {
 
 	/* Format info */
 	unsigned int	shown_one:1,
+			shown_dashes:1,
 			show_merge:1,
 			show_notes:1,
 			show_notes_given:1,
+			show_signature:1,
 			pretty_given:1,
 			abbrev_commit:1,
 			abbrev_commit_given:1,
+			zero_commit:1,
 			use_terminator:1,
 			missing_newline:1,
 			date_mode_explicit:1,
 			preserve_subject:1;
 	unsigned int	disable_stdin:1;
 	unsigned int	leak_pending:1;
+	/* --show-linear-break */
+	unsigned int	track_linear:1,
+			track_first_time:1,
+			linear:1;
 
-	enum date_mode date_mode;
+	struct date_mode date_mode;
+	int		expand_tabs_in_log; /* unset if negative */
+	int		expand_tabs_in_log_default;
 
 	unsigned int	abbrev;
 	enum cmit_fmt	commit_format;
@@ -129,17 +158,22 @@ struct rev_info {
 	const char	*mime_boundary;
 	const char	*patch_suffix;
 	int		numbered_files;
+	int		reroll_count;
 	char		*message_id;
+	struct ident_split from_ident;
 	struct string_list *ref_message_ids;
-	const char	*add_signoff;
+	int		add_signoff;
 	const char	*extra_headers;
 	const char	*log_reencode;
 	const char	*subject_prefix;
 	int		no_inline;
 	int		show_log_size;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
 
 	/* Filter by commit log message */
 	struct grep_opt	grep_filter;
+	/* Negate the match of grep_filter */
+	int invert_grep;
 
 	/* Display history graph */
 	struct git_graph *graph;
@@ -151,6 +185,8 @@ struct rev_info {
 	unsigned long min_age;
 	int min_parents;
 	int max_parents;
+	int (*include_check)(struct commit *, void *);
+	void *include_check_data;
 
 	/* diff info for patches and for paths limiting */
 	struct diff_options diffopt;
@@ -159,6 +195,7 @@ struct rev_info {
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	struct decoration children;
 	struct decoration merge_simplification;
+	struct decoration treesame;
 
 	/* notes-specific options: which refs to show */
 	struct display_notes_opt notes_opt;
@@ -167,8 +204,22 @@ struct rev_info {
 	int count_left;
 	int count_right;
 	int count_same;
+
+	/* line level range that we are chasing */
+	struct decoration line_log_data;
+
+	/* copies of the parent lists, for --full-diff display */
+	struct saved_parents *saved_parents_slab;
+
+	struct commit_list *previous_parents;
+	const char *break_bar;
 };
 
+extern int ref_excluded(struct string_list *, const char *path);
+void clear_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **);
+void add_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **, const char *exclude);
+
+
 #define REV_TREE_SAME		0
 #define REV_TREE_NEW		1	/* Only new files */
 #define REV_TREE_OLD		2	/* Only files removed */
@@ -182,42 +233,45 @@ struct setup_revision_opt {
 	const char *def;
 	void (*tweak)(struct rev_info *, struct setup_revision_opt *);
 	const char *submodule;
+	int assume_dashdash;
+	unsigned revarg_opt;
 };
 
 extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix);
-extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *);
+extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs,
+			   struct setup_revision_opt *);
 extern void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
-				 const struct option *options,
-				 const char * const usagestr[]);
-extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,int flags,int cant_be_filename);
-
+			       const struct option *options,
+			       const char * const usagestr[]);
+#define REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME 01
+#define REVARG_COMMITTISH 02
+extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,
+			       int flags, unsigned revarg_opt);
+
+extern void reset_revision_walk(void);
 extern int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
 extern struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs);
-extern char *get_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
-extern void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
+extern char *get_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs,
+			       const struct commit *commit);
+extern void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs,
+			      const struct commit *commit);
 
 extern void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit);
 extern void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree);
 
-struct name_path {
-	struct name_path *up;
-	int elem_len;
-	const char *elem;
-};
-
-char *path_name(const struct name_path *path, const char *name);
+char *path_name(struct strbuf *path, const char *name);
 
-extern void show_object_with_name(FILE *, struct object *, const struct name_path *, const char *);
+extern void show_object_with_name(FILE *, struct object *, const char *);
 
-extern void add_object(struct object *obj,
-		       struct object_array *p,
-		       struct name_path *path,
-		       const char *name);
-
-extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name);
-extern void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags);
+extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs,
+			       struct object *obj, const char *name);
+extern void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs,
+			     const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			     unsigned int flags);
 
 extern void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *);
+extern void add_reflogs_to_pending(struct rev_info *, unsigned int flags);
+extern void add_index_objects_to_pending(struct rev_info *, unsigned int flags);
 
 enum commit_action {
 	commit_ignore,
@@ -225,7 +279,31 @@ enum commit_action {
 	commit_error
 };
 
-extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
-extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs,
+					    struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs,
+					  struct commit *commit);
+
+enum rewrite_result {
+	rewrite_one_ok,
+	rewrite_one_noparents,
+	rewrite_one_error
+};
+
+typedef enum rewrite_result (*rewrite_parent_fn_t)(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp);
+
+extern int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+	rewrite_parent_fn_t rewrite_parent);
+
+/*
+ * The log machinery saves the original parent list so that
+ * get_saved_parents() can later tell what the real parents of the
+ * commits are, when commit->parents has been modified by history
+ * simpification.
+ *
+ * get_saved_parents() will transparently return commit->parents if
+ * history simplification is off.
+ */
+extern struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index 1c51043884..33bc63a1de 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -1,7 +1,82 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
+#include "thread-utils.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+void child_process_init(struct child_process *child)
+{
+	memset(child, 0, sizeof(*child));
+	argv_array_init(&child->args);
+	argv_array_init(&child->env_array);
+}
+
+void child_process_clear(struct child_process *child)
+{
+	argv_array_clear(&child->args);
+	argv_array_clear(&child->env_array);
+}
+
+struct child_to_clean {
+	pid_t pid;
+	struct child_to_clean *next;
+};
+static struct child_to_clean *children_to_clean;
+static int installed_child_cleanup_handler;
+
+static void cleanup_children(int sig, int in_signal)
+{
+	while (children_to_clean) {
+		struct child_to_clean *p = children_to_clean;
+		children_to_clean = p->next;
+		kill(p->pid, sig);
+		if (!in_signal)
+			free(p);
+	}
+}
+
+static void cleanup_children_on_signal(int sig)
+{
+	cleanup_children(sig, 1);
+	sigchain_pop(sig);
+	raise(sig);
+}
+
+static void cleanup_children_on_exit(void)
+{
+	cleanup_children(SIGTERM, 0);
+}
+
+static void mark_child_for_cleanup(pid_t pid)
+{
+	struct child_to_clean *p = xmalloc(sizeof(*p));
+	p->pid = pid;
+	p->next = children_to_clean;
+	children_to_clean = p;
+
+	if (!installed_child_cleanup_handler) {
+		atexit(cleanup_children_on_exit);
+		sigchain_push_common(cleanup_children_on_signal);
+		installed_child_cleanup_handler = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void clear_child_for_cleanup(pid_t pid)
+{
+	struct child_to_clean **pp;
+
+	for (pp = &children_to_clean; *pp; pp = &(*pp)->next) {
+		struct child_to_clean *clean_me = *pp;
+
+		if (clean_me->pid == pid) {
+			*pp = clean_me->next;
+			free(clean_me);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+}
 
 static inline void close_pair(int fd[2])
 {
@@ -9,61 +84,122 @@ static inline void close_pair(int fd[2])
 	close(fd[1]);
 }
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static inline void dup_devnull(int to)
 {
 	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-	dup2(fd, to);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno(_("open /dev/null failed"));
+	if (dup2(fd, to) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("dup2(%d,%d) failed"), fd, to);
 	close(fd);
 }
 #endif
 
-static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
+static char *locate_in_PATH(const char *file)
 {
-	int argc, nargc = 0;
-	const char **nargv;
+	const char *p = getenv("PATH");
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
-		; /* just counting */
-	/* +1 for NULL, +3 for "sh -c" plus extra $0 */
-	nargv = xmalloc(sizeof(*nargv) * (argc + 1 + 3));
+	if (!p || !*p)
+		return NULL;
 
-	if (argc < 1)
-		die("BUG: shell command is empty");
+	while (1) {
+		const char *end = strchrnul(p, ':');
 
-	if (strcspn(argv[0], "|&;<>()$`\\\"' \t\n*?[#~=%") != strlen(argv[0])) {
-		nargv[nargc++] = "sh";
-		nargv[nargc++] = "-c";
-
-		if (argc < 2)
-			nargv[nargc++] = argv[0];
-		else {
-			struct strbuf arg0 = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addf(&arg0, "%s \"$@\"", argv[0]);
-			nargv[nargc++] = strbuf_detach(&arg0, NULL);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+
+		/* POSIX specifies an empty entry as the current directory. */
+		if (end != p) {
+			strbuf_add(&buf, p, end - p);
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
 		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, file);
+
+		if (!access(buf.buf, F_OK))
+			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+		if (!*end)
+			break;
+		p = end + 1;
 	}
 
-	for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
-		nargv[nargc++] = argv[argc];
-	nargv[nargc] = NULL;
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
 
-	return nargv;
+static int exists_in_PATH(const char *file)
+{
+	char *r = locate_in_PATH(file);
+	free(r);
+	return r != NULL;
 }
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+int sane_execvp(const char *file, char * const argv[])
+{
+	if (!execvp(file, argv))
+		return 0; /* cannot happen ;-) */
+
+	/*
+	 * When a command can't be found because one of the directories
+	 * listed in $PATH is unsearchable, execvp reports EACCES, but
+	 * careful usability testing (read: analysis of occasional bug
+	 * reports) reveals that "No such file or directory" is more
+	 * intuitive.
+	 *
+	 * We avoid commands with "/", because execvp will not do $PATH
+	 * lookups in that case.
+	 *
+	 * The reassignment of EACCES to errno looks like a no-op below,
+	 * but we need to protect against exists_in_PATH overwriting errno.
+	 */
+	if (errno == EACCES && !strchr(file, '/'))
+		errno = exists_in_PATH(file) ? EACCES : ENOENT;
+	else if (errno == ENOTDIR && !strchr(file, '/'))
+		errno = ENOENT;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const char **argv)
+{
+	if (!argv[0])
+		die("BUG: shell command is empty");
+
+	if (strcspn(argv[0], "|&;<>()$`\\\"' \t\n*?[#~=%") != strlen(argv[0])) {
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
+		argv_array_push(out, SHELL_PATH);
+#else
+		argv_array_push(out, "sh");
+#endif
+		argv_array_push(out, "-c");
+
+		/*
+		 * If we have no extra arguments, we do not even need to
+		 * bother with the "$@" magic.
+		 */
+		if (!argv[1])
+			argv_array_push(out, argv[0]);
+		else
+			argv_array_pushf(out, "%s \"$@\"", argv[0]);
+	}
+
+	argv_array_pushv(out, argv);
+	return out->argv;
+}
+
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static int execv_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 {
-	const char **nargv = prepare_shell_cmd(argv);
-	trace_argv_printf(nargv, "trace: exec:");
-	execvp(nargv[0], (char **)nargv);
-	free(nargv);
+	struct argv_array nargv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	prepare_shell_cmd(&nargv, argv);
+	trace_argv_printf(nargv.argv, "trace: exec:");
+	sane_execvp(nargv.argv[0], (char **)nargv.argv);
+	argv_array_clear(&nargv);
 	return -1;
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef WIN32
-static int child_err = 2;
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static int child_notifier = -1;
 
 static void notify_parent(void)
@@ -75,17 +211,6 @@ static void notify_parent(void)
 	 */
 	xwrite(child_notifier, "", 1);
 }
-
-static NORETURN void die_child(const char *err, va_list params)
-{
-	vwritef(child_err, "fatal: ", err, params);
-	exit(128);
-}
-
-static void error_child(const char *err, va_list params)
-{
-	vwritef(child_err, "error: ", err, params);
-}
 #endif
 
 static inline void set_cloexec(int fd)
@@ -95,7 +220,7 @@ static inline void set_cloexec(int fd)
 		fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
 }
 
-static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
+static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int in_signal)
 {
 	int status, code = -1;
 	pid_t waiting;
@@ -103,21 +228,24 @@ static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
 
 	while ((waiting = waitpid(pid, &status, 0)) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
 		;	/* nothing */
+	if (in_signal)
+		return 0;
 
 	if (waiting < 0) {
 		failed_errno = errno;
-		error("waitpid for %s failed: %s", argv0, strerror(errno));
+		error_errno("waitpid for %s failed", argv0);
 	} else if (waiting != pid) {
 		error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
 	} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
 		code = WTERMSIG(status);
-		error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
+		if (code != SIGINT && code != SIGQUIT && code != SIGPIPE)
+			error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
 		/*
 		 * This return value is chosen so that code & 0xff
 		 * mimics the exit code that a POSIX shell would report for
 		 * a program that died from this signal.
 		 */
-		code -= 128;
+		code += 128;
 	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
 		code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
 		/*
@@ -130,6 +258,9 @@ static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
 	} else {
 		error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
 	}
+
+	clear_child_for_cleanup(pid);
+
 	errno = failed_errno;
 	return code;
 }
@@ -138,7 +269,13 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
 	int need_in, need_out, need_err;
 	int fdin[2], fdout[2], fderr[2];
-	int failed_errno = failed_errno;
+	int failed_errno;
+	char *str;
+
+	if (!cmd->argv)
+		cmd->argv = cmd->args.argv;
+	if (!cmd->env)
+		cmd->env = cmd->env_array.argv;
 
 	/*
 	 * In case of errors we must keep the promise to close FDs
@@ -151,6 +288,7 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 			failed_errno = errno;
 			if (cmd->out > 0)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard input";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->in = fdin[1];
@@ -166,6 +304,7 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 				close_pair(fdin);
 			else if (cmd->in)
 				close(cmd->in);
+			str = "standard output";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->out = fdout[0];
@@ -183,9 +322,11 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 				close_pair(fdout);
 			else if (cmd->out)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard error";
 fail_pipe:
-			error("cannot create pipe for %s: %s",
-				cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
+			error("cannot create %s pipe for %s: %s",
+				str, cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
+			child_process_clear(cmd);
 			errno = failed_errno;
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -195,13 +336,14 @@ fail_pipe:
 	trace_argv_printf(cmd->argv, "trace: run_command:");
 	fflush(NULL);
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 {
 	int notify_pipe[2];
 	if (pipe(notify_pipe))
 		notify_pipe[0] = notify_pipe[1] = -1;
 
 	cmd->pid = fork();
+	failed_errno = errno;
 	if (!cmd->pid) {
 		/*
 		 * Redirect the channel to write syscall error messages to
@@ -209,11 +351,10 @@ fail_pipe:
 		 * in subsequent call paths use the parent's stderr.
 		 */
 		if (cmd->no_stderr || need_err) {
-			child_err = dup(2);
+			int child_err = dup(2);
 			set_cloexec(child_err);
+			set_error_handle(fdopen(child_err, "w"));
 		}
-		set_die_routine(die_child);
-		set_error_routine(error_child);
 
 		close(notify_pipe[0]);
 		set_cloexec(notify_pipe[1]);
@@ -263,23 +404,12 @@ fail_pipe:
 					unsetenv(*cmd->env);
 			}
 		}
-		if (cmd->preexec_cb) {
-			/*
-			 * We cannot predict what the pre-exec callback does.
-			 * Forgo parent notification.
-			 */
-			close(child_notifier);
-			child_notifier = -1;
-
-			cmd->preexec_cb();
-		}
-		if (cmd->git_cmd) {
+		if (cmd->git_cmd)
 			execv_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
-		} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
+		else if (cmd->use_shell)
 			execv_shell_cmd(cmd->argv);
-		} else {
-			execvp(cmd->argv[0], (char *const*) cmd->argv);
-		}
+		else
+			sane_execvp(cmd->argv[0], (char *const*) cmd->argv);
 		if (errno == ENOENT) {
 			if (!cmd->silent_exec_failure)
 				error("cannot run %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
@@ -290,8 +420,9 @@ fail_pipe:
 		}
 	}
 	if (cmd->pid < 0)
-		error("cannot fork() for %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
-			strerror(failed_errno = errno));
+		error_errno("cannot fork() for %s", cmd->argv[0]);
+	else if (cmd->clean_on_exit)
+		mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid);
 
 	/*
 	 * Wait for child's execvp. If the execvp succeeds (or if fork()
@@ -306,8 +437,7 @@ fail_pipe:
 		 * At this point we know that fork() succeeded, but execvp()
 		 * failed. Errors have been reported to our stderr.
 		 */
-		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0],
-			      cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], 0);
 		failed_errno = errno;
 		cmd->pid = -1;
 	}
@@ -317,7 +447,7 @@ fail_pipe:
 {
 	int fhin = 0, fhout = 1, fherr = 2;
 	const char **sargv = cmd->argv;
-	char **env = environ;
+	struct argv_array nargv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	if (cmd->no_stdin)
 		fhin = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
@@ -342,26 +472,20 @@ fail_pipe:
 	else if (cmd->out > 1)
 		fhout = dup(cmd->out);
 
-	if (cmd->env)
-		env = make_augmented_environ(cmd->env);
-
-	if (cmd->git_cmd) {
-		cmd->argv = prepare_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
-	} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
-		cmd->argv = prepare_shell_cmd(cmd->argv);
-	}
+	if (cmd->git_cmd)
+		cmd->argv = prepare_git_cmd(&nargv, cmd->argv);
+	else if (cmd->use_shell)
+		cmd->argv = prepare_shell_cmd(&nargv, cmd->argv);
 
-	cmd->pid = mingw_spawnvpe(cmd->argv[0], cmd->argv, env, cmd->dir,
-				  fhin, fhout, fherr);
+	cmd->pid = mingw_spawnvpe(cmd->argv[0], cmd->argv, (char**) cmd->env,
+			cmd->dir, fhin, fhout, fherr);
 	failed_errno = errno;
 	if (cmd->pid < 0 && (!cmd->silent_exec_failure || errno != ENOENT))
-		error("cannot spawn %s: %s", cmd->argv[0], strerror(errno));
-
-	if (cmd->env)
-		free_environ(env);
-	if (cmd->git_cmd)
-		free(cmd->argv);
+		error_errno("cannot spawn %s", cmd->argv[0]);
+	if (cmd->clean_on_exit && cmd->pid >= 0)
+		mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid);
 
+	argv_array_clear(&nargv);
 	cmd->argv = sargv;
 	if (fhin != 0)
 		close(fhin);
@@ -385,6 +509,7 @@ fail_pipe:
 			close_pair(fderr);
 		else if (cmd->err)
 			close(cmd->err);
+		child_process_clear(cmd);
 		errno = failed_errno;
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -409,41 +534,45 @@ fail_pipe:
 
 int finish_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
-	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+	int ret = wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], 0);
+	child_process_clear(cmd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int finish_command_in_signal(struct child_process *cmd)
+{
+	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], 1);
 }
 
+
 int run_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
-	int code = start_command(cmd);
+	int code;
+
+	if (cmd->out < 0 || cmd->err < 0)
+		die("BUG: run_command with a pipe can cause deadlock");
+
+	code = start_command(cmd);
 	if (code)
 		return code;
 	return finish_command(cmd);
 }
 
-static void prepare_run_command_v_opt(struct child_process *cmd,
-				      const char **argv,
-				      int opt)
-{
-	memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(*cmd));
-	cmd->argv = argv;
-	cmd->no_stdin = opt & RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->git_cmd = opt & RUN_GIT_CMD ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->stdout_to_stderr = opt & RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->silent_exec_failure = opt & RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->use_shell = opt & RUN_USING_SHELL ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
 int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt)
 {
-	struct child_process cmd;
-	prepare_run_command_v_opt(&cmd, argv, opt);
-	return run_command(&cmd);
+	return run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv, opt, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const char *const *env)
 {
-	struct child_process cmd;
-	prepare_run_command_v_opt(&cmd, argv, opt);
+	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	cmd.argv = argv;
+	cmd.no_stdin = opt & RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.git_cmd = opt & RUN_GIT_CMD ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.stdout_to_stderr = opt & RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.silent_exec_failure = opt & RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.use_shell = opt & RUN_USING_SHELL ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.clean_on_exit = opt & RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT ? 1 : 0;
 	cmd.dir = dir;
 	cmd.env = env;
 	return run_command(&cmd);
@@ -453,12 +582,23 @@ int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const
 static pthread_t main_thread;
 static int main_thread_set;
 static pthread_key_t async_key;
+static pthread_key_t async_die_counter;
 
 static void *run_thread(void *data)
 {
 	struct async *async = data;
 	intptr_t ret;
 
+	if (async->isolate_sigpipe) {
+		sigset_t mask;
+		sigemptyset(&mask);
+		sigaddset(&mask, SIGPIPE);
+		if (pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) < 0) {
+			ret = error("unable to block SIGPIPE in async thread");
+			return (void *)ret;
+		}
+	}
+
 	pthread_setspecific(async_key, async);
 	ret = async->proc(async->proc_in, async->proc_out, async->data);
 	return (void *)ret;
@@ -468,7 +608,7 @@ static NORETURN void die_async(const char *err, va_list params)
 {
 	vreportf("fatal: ", err, params);
 
-	if (!pthread_equal(main_thread, pthread_self())) {
+	if (in_async()) {
 		struct async *async = pthread_getspecific(async_key);
 		if (async->proc_in >= 0)
 			close(async->proc_in);
@@ -479,6 +619,76 @@ static NORETURN void die_async(const char *err, va_list params)
 
 	exit(128);
 }
+
+static int async_die_is_recursing(void)
+{
+	void *ret = pthread_getspecific(async_die_counter);
+	pthread_setspecific(async_die_counter, (void *)1);
+	return ret != NULL;
+}
+
+int in_async(void)
+{
+	if (!main_thread_set)
+		return 0; /* no asyncs started yet */
+	return !pthread_equal(main_thread, pthread_self());
+}
+
+void NORETURN async_exit(int code)
+{
+	pthread_exit((void *)(intptr_t)code);
+}
+
+#else
+
+static struct {
+	void (**handlers)(void);
+	size_t nr;
+	size_t alloc;
+} git_atexit_hdlrs;
+
+static int git_atexit_installed;
+
+static void git_atexit_dispatch(void)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	for (i=git_atexit_hdlrs.nr ; i ; i--)
+		git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers[i-1]();
+}
+
+static void git_atexit_clear(void)
+{
+	free(git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers);
+	memset(&git_atexit_hdlrs, 0, sizeof(git_atexit_hdlrs));
+	git_atexit_installed = 0;
+}
+
+#undef atexit
+int git_atexit(void (*handler)(void))
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers, git_atexit_hdlrs.nr + 1, git_atexit_hdlrs.alloc);
+	git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers[git_atexit_hdlrs.nr++] = handler;
+	if (!git_atexit_installed) {
+		if (atexit(&git_atexit_dispatch))
+			return -1;
+		git_atexit_installed = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+#define atexit git_atexit
+
+static int process_is_async;
+int in_async(void)
+{
+	return process_is_async;
+}
+
+void NORETURN async_exit(int code)
+{
+	exit(code);
+}
+
 #endif
 
 int start_async(struct async *async)
@@ -492,7 +702,7 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 		if (pipe(fdin) < 0) {
 			if (async->out > 0)
 				close(async->out);
-			return error("cannot create pipe: %s", strerror(errno));
+			return error_errno("cannot create pipe");
 		}
 		async->in = fdin[1];
 	}
@@ -504,7 +714,7 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 				close_pair(fdin);
 			else if (async->in)
 				close(async->in);
-			return error("cannot create pipe: %s", strerror(errno));
+			return error_errno("cannot create pipe");
 		}
 		async->out = fdout[0];
 	}
@@ -529,7 +739,7 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 
 	async->pid = fork();
 	if (async->pid < 0) {
-		error("fork (async) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+		error_errno("fork (async) failed");
 		goto error;
 	}
 	if (!async->pid) {
@@ -537,9 +747,13 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 			close(fdin[1]);
 		if (need_out)
 			close(fdout[0]);
+		git_atexit_clear();
+		process_is_async = 1;
 		exit(!!async->proc(proc_in, proc_out, async->data));
 	}
 
+	mark_child_for_cleanup(async->pid);
+
 	if (need_in)
 		close(fdin[0]);
 	else if (async->in)
@@ -558,7 +772,9 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 		main_thread_set = 1;
 		main_thread = pthread_self();
 		pthread_key_create(&async_key, NULL);
+		pthread_key_create(&async_die_counter, NULL);
 		set_die_routine(die_async);
+		set_die_is_recursing_routine(async_die_is_recursing);
 	}
 
 	if (proc_in >= 0)
@@ -570,7 +786,7 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 	{
 		int err = pthread_create(&async->tid, NULL, run_thread, async);
 		if (err) {
-			error("cannot create thread: %s", strerror(err));
+			error_errno("cannot create thread");
 			goto error;
 		}
 	}
@@ -603,36 +819,520 @@ int finish_async(struct async *async)
 #endif
 }
 
-int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
+const char *find_hook(const char *name)
 {
-	struct child_process hook;
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-	const char *p, *env[2];
-	char index[PATH_MAX];
-	va_list args;
-	int ret;
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (access(git_path("hooks/%s", name), X_OK) < 0)
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	if (git_hooks_path)
+		strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/%s", git_hooks_path, name);
+	else
+		strbuf_git_path(&path, "hooks/%s", name);
+	if (access(path.buf, X_OK) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	return path.buf;
+}
+
+int run_hook_ve(const char *const *env, const char *name, va_list args)
+{
+	struct child_process hook = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *p;
+
+	p = find_hook(name);
+	if (!p)
 		return 0;
 
-	va_start(args, name);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, git_path("hooks/%s", name));
+	argv_array_push(&hook.args, p);
 	while ((p = va_arg(args, const char *)))
-		argv_array_push(&argv, p);
-	va_end(args);
-
-	memset(&hook, 0, sizeof(hook));
-	hook.argv = argv.argv;
+		argv_array_push(&hook.args, p);
+	hook.env = env;
 	hook.no_stdin = 1;
 	hook.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
-	if (index_file) {
-		snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
-		env[0] = index;
-		env[1] = NULL;
-		hook.env = env;
-	}
 
-	ret = run_command(&hook);
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	return run_command(&hook);
+}
+
+int run_hook_le(const char *const *env, const char *name, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int ret;
+
+	va_start(args, name);
+	ret = run_hook_ve(env, name, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
 	return ret;
 }
+
+struct io_pump {
+	/* initialized by caller */
+	int fd;
+	int type; /* POLLOUT or POLLIN */
+	union {
+		struct {
+			const char *buf;
+			size_t len;
+		} out;
+		struct {
+			struct strbuf *buf;
+			size_t hint;
+		} in;
+	} u;
+
+	/* returned by pump_io */
+	int error; /* 0 for success, otherwise errno */
+
+	/* internal use */
+	struct pollfd *pfd;
+};
+
+static int pump_io_round(struct io_pump *slots, int nr, struct pollfd *pfd)
+{
+	int pollsize = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		struct io_pump *io = &slots[i];
+		if (io->fd < 0)
+			continue;
+		pfd[pollsize].fd = io->fd;
+		pfd[pollsize].events = io->type;
+		io->pfd = &pfd[pollsize++];
+	}
+
+	if (!pollsize)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (poll(pfd, pollsize, -1) < 0) {
+		if (errno == EINTR)
+			return 1;
+		die_errno("poll failed");
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		struct io_pump *io = &slots[i];
+
+		if (io->fd < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!(io->pfd->revents & (POLLOUT|POLLIN|POLLHUP|POLLERR|POLLNVAL)))
+			continue;
+
+		if (io->type == POLLOUT) {
+			ssize_t len = xwrite(io->fd,
+					     io->u.out.buf, io->u.out.len);
+			if (len < 0) {
+				io->error = errno;
+				close(io->fd);
+				io->fd = -1;
+			} else {
+				io->u.out.buf += len;
+				io->u.out.len -= len;
+				if (!io->u.out.len) {
+					close(io->fd);
+					io->fd = -1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (io->type == POLLIN) {
+			ssize_t len = strbuf_read_once(io->u.in.buf,
+						       io->fd, io->u.in.hint);
+			if (len < 0)
+				io->error = errno;
+			if (len <= 0) {
+				close(io->fd);
+				io->fd = -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int pump_io(struct io_pump *slots, int nr)
+{
+	struct pollfd *pfd;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+		slots[i].error = 0;
+
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(pfd, nr);
+	while (pump_io_round(slots, nr, pfd))
+		; /* nothing */
+	free(pfd);
+
+	/* There may be multiple errno values, so just pick the first. */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		if (slots[i].error) {
+			errno = slots[i].error;
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int pipe_command(struct child_process *cmd,
+		 const char *in, size_t in_len,
+		 struct strbuf *out, size_t out_hint,
+		 struct strbuf *err, size_t err_hint)
+{
+	struct io_pump io[3];
+	int nr = 0;
+
+	if (in)
+		cmd->in = -1;
+	if (out)
+		cmd->out = -1;
+	if (err)
+		cmd->err = -1;
+
+	if (start_command(cmd) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (in) {
+		io[nr].fd = cmd->in;
+		io[nr].type = POLLOUT;
+		io[nr].u.out.buf = in;
+		io[nr].u.out.len = in_len;
+		nr++;
+	}
+	if (out) {
+		io[nr].fd = cmd->out;
+		io[nr].type = POLLIN;
+		io[nr].u.in.buf = out;
+		io[nr].u.in.hint = out_hint;
+		nr++;
+	}
+	if (err) {
+		io[nr].fd = cmd->err;
+		io[nr].type = POLLIN;
+		io[nr].u.in.buf = err;
+		io[nr].u.in.hint = err_hint;
+		nr++;
+	}
+
+	if (pump_io(io, nr) < 0) {
+		finish_command(cmd); /* throw away exit code */
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return finish_command(cmd);
+}
+
+enum child_state {
+	GIT_CP_FREE,
+	GIT_CP_WORKING,
+	GIT_CP_WAIT_CLEANUP,
+};
+
+struct parallel_processes {
+	void *data;
+
+	int max_processes;
+	int nr_processes;
+
+	get_next_task_fn get_next_task;
+	start_failure_fn start_failure;
+	task_finished_fn task_finished;
+
+	struct {
+		enum child_state state;
+		struct child_process process;
+		struct strbuf err;
+		void *data;
+	} *children;
+	/*
+	 * The struct pollfd is logically part of *children,
+	 * but the system call expects it as its own array.
+	 */
+	struct pollfd *pfd;
+
+	unsigned shutdown : 1;
+
+	int output_owner;
+	struct strbuf buffered_output; /* of finished children */
+};
+
+static int default_start_failure(struct strbuf *out,
+				 void *pp_cb,
+				 void *pp_task_cb)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int default_task_finished(int result,
+				 struct strbuf *out,
+				 void *pp_cb,
+				 void *pp_task_cb)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void kill_children(struct parallel_processes *pp, int signo)
+{
+	int i, n = pp->max_processes;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WORKING)
+			kill(pp->children[i].process.pid, signo);
+}
+
+static struct parallel_processes *pp_for_signal;
+
+static void handle_children_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	kill_children(pp_for_signal, signo);
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static void pp_init(struct parallel_processes *pp,
+		    int n,
+		    get_next_task_fn get_next_task,
+		    start_failure_fn start_failure,
+		    task_finished_fn task_finished,
+		    void *data)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (n < 1)
+		n = online_cpus();
+
+	pp->max_processes = n;
+
+	trace_printf("run_processes_parallel: preparing to run up to %d tasks", n);
+
+	pp->data = data;
+	if (!get_next_task)
+		die("BUG: you need to specify a get_next_task function");
+	pp->get_next_task = get_next_task;
+
+	pp->start_failure = start_failure ? start_failure : default_start_failure;
+	pp->task_finished = task_finished ? task_finished : default_task_finished;
+
+	pp->nr_processes = 0;
+	pp->output_owner = 0;
+	pp->shutdown = 0;
+	pp->children = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*pp->children));
+	pp->pfd = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*pp->pfd));
+	strbuf_init(&pp->buffered_output, 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		strbuf_init(&pp->children[i].err, 0);
+		child_process_init(&pp->children[i].process);
+		pp->pfd[i].events = POLLIN | POLLHUP;
+		pp->pfd[i].fd = -1;
+	}
+
+	pp_for_signal = pp;
+	sigchain_push_common(handle_children_on_signal);
+}
+
+static void pp_cleanup(struct parallel_processes *pp)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	trace_printf("run_processes_parallel: done");
+	for (i = 0; i < pp->max_processes; i++) {
+		strbuf_release(&pp->children[i].err);
+		child_process_clear(&pp->children[i].process);
+	}
+
+	free(pp->children);
+	free(pp->pfd);
+
+	/*
+	 * When get_next_task added messages to the buffer in its last
+	 * iteration, the buffered output is non empty.
+	 */
+	strbuf_write(&pp->buffered_output, stderr);
+	strbuf_release(&pp->buffered_output);
+
+	sigchain_pop_common();
+}
+
+/* returns
+ *  0 if a new task was started.
+ *  1 if no new jobs was started (get_next_task ran out of work, non critical
+ *    problem with starting a new command)
+ * <0 no new job was started, user wishes to shutdown early. Use negative code
+ *    to signal the children.
+ */
+static int pp_start_one(struct parallel_processes *pp)
+{
+	int i, code;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pp->max_processes; i++)
+		if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_FREE)
+			break;
+	if (i == pp->max_processes)
+		die("BUG: bookkeeping is hard");
+
+	code = pp->get_next_task(&pp->children[i].process,
+				 &pp->children[i].err,
+				 pp->data,
+				 &pp->children[i].data);
+	if (!code) {
+		strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
+		strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	pp->children[i].process.err = -1;
+	pp->children[i].process.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	pp->children[i].process.no_stdin = 1;
+
+	if (start_command(&pp->children[i].process)) {
+		code = pp->start_failure(&pp->children[i].err,
+					 pp->data,
+					 &pp->children[i].data);
+		strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
+		strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+		if (code)
+			pp->shutdown = 1;
+		return code;
+	}
+
+	pp->nr_processes++;
+	pp->children[i].state = GIT_CP_WORKING;
+	pp->pfd[i].fd = pp->children[i].process.err;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void pp_buffer_stderr(struct parallel_processes *pp, int output_timeout)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	while ((i = poll(pp->pfd, pp->max_processes, output_timeout)) < 0) {
+		if (errno == EINTR)
+			continue;
+		pp_cleanup(pp);
+		die_errno("poll");
+	}
+
+	/* Buffer output from all pipes. */
+	for (i = 0; i < pp->max_processes; i++) {
+		if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WORKING &&
+		    pp->pfd[i].revents & (POLLIN | POLLHUP)) {
+			int n = strbuf_read_once(&pp->children[i].err,
+						 pp->children[i].process.err, 0);
+			if (n == 0) {
+				close(pp->children[i].process.err);
+				pp->children[i].state = GIT_CP_WAIT_CLEANUP;
+			} else if (n < 0)
+				if (errno != EAGAIN)
+					die_errno("read");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void pp_output(struct parallel_processes *pp)
+{
+	int i = pp->output_owner;
+	if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WORKING &&
+	    pp->children[i].err.len) {
+		strbuf_write(&pp->children[i].err, stderr);
+		strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+	}
+}
+
+static int pp_collect_finished(struct parallel_processes *pp)
+{
+	int i, code;
+	int n = pp->max_processes;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	while (pp->nr_processes > 0) {
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->max_processes; i++)
+			if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WAIT_CLEANUP)
+				break;
+		if (i == pp->max_processes)
+			break;
+
+		code = finish_command(&pp->children[i].process);
+
+		code = pp->task_finished(code,
+					 &pp->children[i].err, pp->data,
+					 &pp->children[i].data);
+
+		if (code)
+			result = code;
+		if (code < 0)
+			break;
+
+		pp->nr_processes--;
+		pp->children[i].state = GIT_CP_FREE;
+		pp->pfd[i].fd = -1;
+		child_process_init(&pp->children[i].process);
+
+		if (i != pp->output_owner) {
+			strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
+			strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_write(&pp->children[i].err, stderr);
+			strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+
+			/* Output all other finished child processes */
+			strbuf_write(&pp->buffered_output, stderr);
+			strbuf_reset(&pp->buffered_output);
+
+			/*
+			 * Pick next process to output live.
+			 * NEEDSWORK:
+			 * For now we pick it randomly by doing a round
+			 * robin. Later we may want to pick the one with
+			 * the most output or the longest or shortest
+			 * running process time.
+			 */
+			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+				if (pp->children[(pp->output_owner + i) % n].state == GIT_CP_WORKING)
+					break;
+			pp->output_owner = (pp->output_owner + i) % n;
+		}
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+int run_processes_parallel(int n,
+			   get_next_task_fn get_next_task,
+			   start_failure_fn start_failure,
+			   task_finished_fn task_finished,
+			   void *pp_cb)
+{
+	int i, code;
+	int output_timeout = 100;
+	int spawn_cap = 4;
+	struct parallel_processes pp;
+
+	pp_init(&pp, n, get_next_task, start_failure, task_finished, pp_cb);
+	while (1) {
+		for (i = 0;
+		    i < spawn_cap && !pp.shutdown &&
+		    pp.nr_processes < pp.max_processes;
+		    i++) {
+			code = pp_start_one(&pp);
+			if (!code)
+				continue;
+			if (code < 0) {
+				pp.shutdown = 1;
+				kill_children(&pp, -code);
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!pp.nr_processes)
+			break;
+		pp_buffer_stderr(&pp, output_timeout);
+		pp_output(&pp);
+		code = pp_collect_finished(&pp);
+		if (code) {
+			pp.shutdown = 1;
+			if (code < 0)
+				kill_children(&pp, -code);
+		}
+	}
+
+	pp_cleanup(&pp);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index 56491b9f23..50666497ae 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@
 #include <pthread.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
 struct child_process {
 	const char **argv;
+	struct argv_array args;
+	struct argv_array env_array;
 	pid_t pid;
 	/*
 	 * Using .in, .out, .err:
@@ -38,20 +42,34 @@ struct child_process {
 	unsigned silent_exec_failure:1;
 	unsigned stdout_to_stderr:1;
 	unsigned use_shell:1;
-	void (*preexec_cb)(void);
+	unsigned clean_on_exit:1;
 };
 
+#define CHILD_PROCESS_INIT { NULL, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT }
+void child_process_init(struct child_process *);
+void child_process_clear(struct child_process *);
+
 int start_command(struct child_process *);
 int finish_command(struct child_process *);
+int finish_command_in_signal(struct child_process *);
 int run_command(struct child_process *);
 
-extern int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
+/*
+ * Returns the path to the hook file, or NULL if the hook is missing
+ * or disabled. Note that this points to static storage that will be
+ * overwritten by further calls to find_hook and run_hook_*.
+ */
+extern const char *find_hook(const char *name);
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+extern int run_hook_le(const char *const *env, const char *name, ...);
+extern int run_hook_ve(const char *const *env, const char *name, va_list args);
 
 #define RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN 1
 #define RUN_GIT_CMD	     2	/*If this is to be git sub-command */
 #define RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR 4
 #define RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE 8
 #define RUN_USING_SHELL 16
+#define RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT 32
 int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt);
 
 /*
@@ -60,6 +78,36 @@ int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt);
  */
 int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const char *const *env);
 
+/**
+ * Execute the given command, sending "in" to its stdin, and capturing its
+ * stdout and stderr in the "out" and "err" strbufs. Any of the three may
+ * be NULL to skip processing.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 if starting the command fails or reading fails, and otherwise
+ * returns the exit code of the command. Any output collected in the
+ * buffers is kept even if the command returns a non-zero exit. The hint fields
+ * gives starting sizes for the strbuf allocations.
+ *
+ * The fields of "cmd" should be set up as they would for a normal run_command
+ * invocation. But note that there is no need to set the in, out, or err
+ * fields; pipe_command handles that automatically.
+ */
+int pipe_command(struct child_process *cmd,
+		 const char *in, size_t in_len,
+		 struct strbuf *out, size_t out_hint,
+		 struct strbuf *err, size_t err_hint);
+
+/**
+ * Convenience wrapper around pipe_command for the common case
+ * of capturing only stdout.
+ */
+static inline int capture_command(struct child_process *cmd,
+				  struct strbuf *out,
+				  size_t hint)
+{
+	return pipe_command(cmd, NULL, 0, out, hint, NULL, 0);
+}
+
 /*
  * The purpose of the following functions is to feed a pipe by running
  * a function asynchronously and providing output that the caller reads.
@@ -85,9 +133,89 @@ struct async {
 	int proc_in;
 	int proc_out;
 #endif
+	int isolate_sigpipe;
 };
 
 int start_async(struct async *async);
 int finish_async(struct async *async);
+int in_async(void);
+void NORETURN async_exit(int code);
+
+/**
+ * This callback should initialize the child process and preload the
+ * error channel if desired. The preloading of is useful if you want to
+ * have a message printed directly before the output of the child process.
+ * pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed to run_processes_parallel.
+ * You can store a child process specific callback cookie in pp_task_cb.
+ *
+ * Even after returning 0 to indicate that there are no more processes,
+ * this function will be called again until there are no more running
+ * child processes.
+ *
+ * Return 1 if the next child is ready to run.
+ * Return 0 if there are currently no more tasks to be processed.
+ * To send a signal to other child processes for abortion,
+ * return the negative signal number.
+ */
+typedef int (*get_next_task_fn)(struct child_process *cp,
+				struct strbuf *out,
+				void *pp_cb,
+				void **pp_task_cb);
+
+/**
+ * This callback is called whenever there are problems starting
+ * a new process.
+ *
+ * You must not write to stdout or stderr in this function. Add your
+ * message to the strbuf out instead, which will be printed without
+ * messing up the output of the other parallel processes.
+ *
+ * pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed into run_processes_parallel,
+ * pp_task_cb is the callback cookie as passed into get_next_task_fn.
+ *
+ * Return 0 to continue the parallel processing. To abort return non zero.
+ * To send a signal to other child processes for abortion, return
+ * the negative signal number.
+ */
+typedef int (*start_failure_fn)(struct strbuf *out,
+				void *pp_cb,
+				void *pp_task_cb);
+
+/**
+ * This callback is called on every child process that finished processing.
+ *
+ * You must not write to stdout or stderr in this function. Add your
+ * message to the strbuf out instead, which will be printed without
+ * messing up the output of the other parallel processes.
+ *
+ * pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed into run_processes_parallel,
+ * pp_task_cb is the callback cookie as passed into get_next_task_fn.
+ *
+ * Return 0 to continue the parallel processing.  To abort return non zero.
+ * To send a signal to other child processes for abortion, return
+ * the negative signal number.
+ */
+typedef int (*task_finished_fn)(int result,
+				struct strbuf *out,
+				void *pp_cb,
+				void *pp_task_cb);
+
+/**
+ * Runs up to n processes at the same time. Whenever a process can be
+ * started, the callback get_next_task_fn is called to obtain the data
+ * required to start another child process.
+ *
+ * The children started via this function run in parallel. Their output
+ * (both stdout and stderr) is routed to stderr in a manner that output
+ * from different tasks does not interleave.
+ *
+ * start_failure_fn and task_finished_fn can be NULL to omit any
+ * special handling.
+ */
+int run_processes_parallel(int n,
+			   get_next_task_fn,
+			   start_failure_fn,
+			   task_finished_fn,
+			   void *pp_cb);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..299d303848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "send-pack.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int option_parse_push_signed(const struct option *opt,
+			     const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset) {
+		*(int *)(opt->value) = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	switch (git_parse_maybe_bool(arg)) {
+	case 1:
+		*(int *)(opt->value) = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS;
+		return 0;
+	case 0:
+		*(int *)(opt->value) = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcasecmp("if-asked", arg)) {
+		*(int *)(opt->value) = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	die("bad %s argument: %s", opt->long_name, arg);
+}
+
+static void feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, FILE *fh, int negative)
+{
+	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		return;
+
+	if (negative)
+		putc('^', fh);
+	fputs(sha1_to_hex(sha1), fh);
+	putc('\n', fh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
+ */
+static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct sha1_array *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
+	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
+	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
+	 */
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"pack-objects",
+		"--all-progress-implied",
+		"--revs",
+		"--stdout",
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct child_process po = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	FILE *po_in;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 4;
+	if (args->use_thin_pack)
+		argv[i++] = "--thin";
+	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
+		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
+	if (args->quiet || !args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "-q";
+	if (args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "--progress";
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		argv[i++] = "--shallow";
+	po.argv = argv;
+	po.in = -1;
+	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
+	po.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&po))
+		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
+
+	/*
+	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
+	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
+	 */
+	po_in = xfdopen(po.in, "w");
+	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
+		feed_object(extra->sha1[i], po_in, 1);
+
+	while (refs) {
+		if (!is_null_oid(&refs->old_oid))
+			feed_object(refs->old_oid.hash, po_in, 1);
+		if (!is_null_oid(&refs->new_oid))
+			feed_object(refs->new_oid.hash, po_in, 0);
+		refs = refs->next;
+	}
+
+	fflush(po_in);
+	if (ferror(po_in))
+		die_errno("error writing to pack-objects");
+	fclose(po_in);
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		while (1) {
+			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+			if (n <= 0)
+				break;
+			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+		free(buf);
+		close(po.out);
+		po.out = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (finish_command(&po))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
+{
+	struct ref *hint;
+	int ret = 0;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+	if (!starts_with(line, "unpack "))
+		return error("did not receive remote status");
+	if (strcmp(line, "unpack ok")) {
+		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+	hint = NULL;
+	while (1) {
+		char *refname;
+		char *msg;
+		line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+		if (!line)
+			break;
+		if (!starts_with(line, "ok ") && !starts_with(line, "ng ")) {
+			error("invalid ref status from remote: %s", line);
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		refname = line + 3;
+		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
+		if (msg)
+			*msg++ = '\0';
+
+		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
+		if (hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
+		if (!hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
+		if (!hint) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		else {
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		if (msg)
+			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
+		/* start our next search from the next ref */
+		hint = hint->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+{
+	int *fd = data, ret;
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+	close(fd[1]);
+#endif
+	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
+	close(out);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int advertise_shallow_grafts_cb(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb)
+{
+	struct strbuf *sb = cb;
+	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
+		packet_buf_write(sb, "shallow %s\n", oid_to_hex(&graft->oid));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void advertise_shallow_grafts_buf(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	if (!is_repository_shallow())
+		return;
+	for_each_commit_graft(advertise_shallow_grafts_cb, sb);
+}
+
+#define CHECK_REF_NO_PUSH -1
+#define CHECK_REF_STATUS_REJECTED -2
+#define CHECK_REF_UPTODATE -3
+static int check_to_send_update(const struct ref *ref, const struct send_pack_args *args)
+{
+	if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
+		return CHECK_REF_NO_PUSH;
+
+	/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
+	switch (ref->status) {
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
+		return CHECK_REF_STATUS_REJECTED;
+	case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		return CHECK_REF_UPTODATE;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * the beginning of the next line, or the end of buffer.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: perhaps move this to git-compat-util.h or somewhere and
+ * convert many similar uses found by "git grep -A4 memchr".
+ */
+static const char *next_line(const char *line, size_t len)
+{
+	const char *nl = memchr(line, '\n', len);
+	if (!nl)
+		return line + len; /* incomplete line */
+	return nl + 1;
+}
+
+static int generate_push_cert(struct strbuf *req_buf,
+			      const struct ref *remote_refs,
+			      struct send_pack_args *args,
+			      const char *cap_string,
+			      const char *push_cert_nonce)
+{
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	char *signing_key = xstrdup(get_signing_key());
+	const char *cp, *np;
+	struct strbuf cert = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int update_seen = 0;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&cert, "certificate version 0.1\n");
+	strbuf_addf(&cert, "pusher %s ", signing_key);
+	datestamp(&cert);
+	strbuf_addch(&cert, '\n');
+	if (args->url && *args->url) {
+		char *anon_url = transport_anonymize_url(args->url);
+		strbuf_addf(&cert, "pushee %s\n", anon_url);
+		free(anon_url);
+	}
+	if (push_cert_nonce[0])
+		strbuf_addf(&cert, "nonce %s\n", push_cert_nonce);
+	strbuf_addstr(&cert, "\n");
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (check_to_send_update(ref, args) < 0)
+			continue;
+		update_seen = 1;
+		strbuf_addf(&cert, "%s %s %s\n",
+			    oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid),
+			    oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid),
+			    ref->name);
+	}
+	if (!update_seen)
+		goto free_return;
+
+	if (sign_buffer(&cert, &cert, signing_key))
+		die(_("failed to sign the push certificate"));
+
+	packet_buf_write(req_buf, "push-cert%c%s", 0, cap_string);
+	for (cp = cert.buf; cp < cert.buf + cert.len; cp = np) {
+		np = next_line(cp, cert.buf + cert.len - cp);
+		packet_buf_write(req_buf,
+				 "%.*s", (int)(np - cp), cp);
+	}
+	packet_buf_write(req_buf, "push-cert-end\n");
+
+free_return:
+	free(signing_key);
+	strbuf_release(&cert);
+	return update_seen;
+}
+
+
+static int atomic_push_failure(struct send_pack_args *args,
+			       struct ref *remote_refs,
+			       struct ref *failing_ref)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	/* Mark other refs as failed */
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
+			continue;
+
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT:
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_ATOMIC_PUSH_FAILED;
+			continue;
+		default:
+			break; /* do nothing */
+		}
+	}
+	return error("atomic push failed for ref %s. status: %d\n",
+		     failing_ref->name, failing_ref->status);
+}
+
+#define NONCE_LEN_LIMIT 256
+
+static void reject_invalid_nonce(const char *nonce, int len)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+
+	if (NONCE_LEN_LIMIT <= len)
+		die("the receiving end asked to sign an invalid nonce <%.*s>",
+		    len, nonce);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int ch = nonce[i] & 0xFF;
+		if (isalnum(ch) ||
+		    ch == '-' || ch == '.' ||
+		    ch == '/' || ch == '+' ||
+		    ch == '=' || ch == '_')
+			continue;
+		die("the receiving end asked to sign an invalid nonce <%.*s>",
+		    len, nonce);
+	}
+}
+
+int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
+	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+	      struct ref *remote_refs,
+	      struct sha1_array *extra_have)
+{
+	int in = fd[0];
+	int out = fd[1];
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf cap_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int need_pack_data = 0;
+	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
+	int status_report = 0;
+	int use_sideband = 0;
+	int quiet_supported = 0;
+	int agent_supported = 0;
+	int use_atomic = 0;
+	int atomic_supported = 0;
+	unsigned cmds_sent = 0;
+	int ret;
+	struct async demux;
+	const char *push_cert_nonce = NULL;
+
+	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
+	if (server_supports("report-status"))
+		status_report = 1;
+	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
+		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
+		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	if (server_supports("quiet"))
+		quiet_supported = 1;
+	if (server_supports("agent"))
+		agent_supported = 1;
+	if (server_supports("no-thin"))
+		args->use_thin_pack = 0;
+	if (server_supports("atomic"))
+		atomic_supported = 1;
+
+	if (args->push_cert != SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER) {
+		int len;
+		push_cert_nonce = server_feature_value("push-cert", &len);
+		if (push_cert_nonce) {
+			reject_invalid_nonce(push_cert_nonce, len);
+			push_cert_nonce = xmemdupz(push_cert_nonce, len);
+		} else if (args->push_cert == SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS) {
+			die(_("the receiving end does not support --signed push"));
+		} else if (args->push_cert == SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED) {
+			warning(_("not sending a push certificate since the"
+				  " receiving end does not support --signed"
+				  " push"));
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!remote_refs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
+			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (args->atomic && !atomic_supported)
+		die(_("the receiving end does not support --atomic push"));
+
+	use_atomic = atomic_supported && args->atomic;
+
+	if (status_report)
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap_buf, " report-status");
+	if (use_sideband)
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap_buf, " side-band-64k");
+	if (quiet_supported && (args->quiet || !args->progress))
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap_buf, " quiet");
+	if (use_atomic)
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap_buf, " atomic");
+	if (agent_supported)
+		strbuf_addf(&cap_buf, " agent=%s", git_user_agent_sanitized());
+
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK: why does delete-refs have to be so specific to
+	 * send-pack machinery that set_ref_status_for_push() cannot
+	 * set this bit for us???
+	 */
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs)
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
+
+	if (!args->dry_run)
+		advertise_shallow_grafts_buf(&req_buf);
+
+	if (!args->dry_run && push_cert_nonce)
+		cmds_sent = generate_push_cert(&req_buf, remote_refs, args,
+					       cap_buf.buf, push_cert_nonce);
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear the status for each ref and see if we need to send
+	 * the pack data.
+	 */
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch (check_to_send_update(ref, args)) {
+		case 0: /* no error */
+			break;
+		case CHECK_REF_STATUS_REJECTED:
+			/*
+			 * When we know the server would reject a ref update if
+			 * we were to send it and we're trying to send the refs
+			 * atomically, abort the whole operation.
+			 */
+			if (use_atomic)
+				return atomic_push_failure(args, remote_refs, ref);
+			/* Fallthrough for non atomic case. */
+		default:
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!ref->deletion)
+			need_pack_data = 1;
+
+		if (args->dry_run || !status_report)
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		else
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Finally, tell the other end!
+	 */
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		char *old_hex, *new_hex;
+
+		if (args->dry_run || push_cert_nonce)
+			continue;
+
+		if (check_to_send_update(ref, args) < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		old_hex = oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid);
+		new_hex = oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid);
+		if (!cmds_sent) {
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf,
+					 "%s %s %s%c%s",
+					 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
+					 cap_buf.buf);
+			cmds_sent = 1;
+		} else {
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
+					 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		if (!args->dry_run && (cmds_sent || is_repository_shallow())) {
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+	} else {
+		write_or_die(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
+		packet_flush(out);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&cap_buf);
+
+	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
+		memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = fd;
+		demux.out = -1;
+		demux.isolate_sigpipe = 1;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("send-pack: unable to fork off sideband demultiplexer");
+		in = demux.out;
+	}
+
+	if (need_pack_data && cmds_sent) {
+		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
+			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
+			if (args->stateless_rpc)
+				close(out);
+			if (git_connection_is_socket(conn))
+				shutdown(fd[0], SHUT_WR);
+			if (use_sideband) {
+				close(demux.out);
+				finish_async(&demux);
+			}
+			fd[1] = -1;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!args->stateless_rpc)
+			/* Closed by pack_objects() via start_command() */
+			fd[1] = -1;
+	}
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && cmds_sent)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (status_report && cmds_sent)
+		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
+	else
+		ret = 0;
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
+		close(demux.out);
+		if (finish_async(&demux)) {
+			error("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (args->porcelain)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		case REF_STATUS_OK:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/send-pack.h b/send-pack.h
index 05d7ab118b..57f222abcc 100644
--- a/send-pack.h
+++ b/send-pack.h
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 #ifndef SEND_PACK_H
 #define SEND_PACK_H
 
+/* Possible values for push_cert field in send_pack_args. */
+#define SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER 0
+#define SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED 1
+#define SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS 2
+
 struct send_pack_args {
+	const char *url;
 	unsigned verbose:1,
 		quiet:1,
 		porcelain:1,
@@ -11,11 +17,18 @@ struct send_pack_args {
 		use_thin_pack:1,
 		use_ofs_delta:1,
 		dry_run:1,
-		stateless_rpc:1;
+		/* One of the SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_* constants. */
+		push_cert:2,
+		stateless_rpc:1,
+		atomic:1;
 };
 
+struct option;
+int option_parse_push_signed(const struct option *opt,
+			     const char *arg, int unset);
+
 int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
 	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-	      struct ref *remote_refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra_have);
+	      struct ref *remote_refs, struct sha1_array *extra_have);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index d1f28a6945..c6362d63f3 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -1,9 +1,114 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "sequencer.h"
-#include "strbuf.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
+#include "merge-recursive.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
-void remove_sequencer_state(void)
+#define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
+
+const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";
+
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_todo_file, SEQ_TODO_FILE)
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_opts_file, SEQ_OPTS_FILE)
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_seq_dir, SEQ_DIR)
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_head_file, SEQ_HEAD_FILE)
+
+static int is_rfc2822_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int ch = buf[i];
+		if (ch == ':')
+			return 1;
+		if (!isalnum(ch) && ch != '-')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_cherry_picked_from_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We only care that it looks roughly like (cherry picked from ...)
+	 */
+	return len > strlen(cherry_picked_prefix) + 1 &&
+		starts_with(buf, cherry_picked_prefix) && buf[len - 1] == ')';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 for non-conforming footer
+ * Returns 1 for conforming footer
+ * Returns 2 when sob exists within conforming footer
+ * Returns 3 when sob exists within conforming footer as last entry
+ */
+static int has_conforming_footer(struct strbuf *sb, struct strbuf *sob,
+	int ignore_footer)
+{
+	char prev;
+	int i, k;
+	int len = sb->len - ignore_footer;
+	const char *buf = sb->buf;
+	int found_sob = 0;
+
+	/* footer must end with newline */
+	if (!len || buf[len - 1] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	prev = '\0';
+	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+		char ch = buf[i];
+		if (prev == '\n' && ch == '\n') /* paragraph break */
+			break;
+		prev = ch;
+	}
+
+	/* require at least one blank line */
+	if (prev != '\n' || buf[i] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	/* advance to start of last paragraph */
+	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
+		i++;
+
+	for (; i < len; i = k) {
+		int found_rfc2822;
+
+		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		k++;
+
+		found_rfc2822 = is_rfc2822_line(buf + i, k - i - 1);
+		if (found_rfc2822 && sob &&
+		    !strncmp(buf + i, sob->buf, sob->len))
+			found_sob = k;
+
+		if (!(found_rfc2822 ||
+		      is_cherry_picked_from_line(buf + i, k - i - 1)))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (found_sob == i)
+		return 3;
+	if (found_sob)
+		return 2;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void remove_sequencer_state(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf seq_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -11,3 +116,1048 @@ void remove_sequencer_state(void)
 	remove_dir_recursively(&seq_dir, 0);
 	strbuf_release(&seq_dir);
 }
+
+static const char *action_name(const struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	return opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT ? "revert" : "cherry-pick";
+}
+
+struct commit_message {
+	char *parent_label;
+	char *label;
+	char *subject;
+	const char *message;
+};
+
+static int get_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *out)
+{
+	const char *abbrev, *subject;
+	int subject_len;
+
+	out->message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, get_commit_output_encoding());
+	abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+
+	subject_len = find_commit_subject(out->message, &subject);
+
+	out->subject = xmemdupz(subject, subject_len);
+	out->label = xstrfmt("%s... %s", abbrev, out->subject);
+	out->parent_label = xstrfmt("parent of %s", out->label);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void free_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *msg)
+{
+	free(msg->parent_label);
+	free(msg->label);
+	free(msg->subject);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg->message);
+}
+
+static void print_advice(int show_hint, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	char *msg = getenv("GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP");
+
+	if (msg) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+		/*
+		 * A conflict has occurred but the porcelain
+		 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
+		 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
+		 */
+		unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (show_hint) {
+		if (opts->no_commit)
+			advise(_("after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+				 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"));
+		else
+			advise(_("after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+				 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+				 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"));
+	}
+}
+
+static void write_message(struct strbuf *msgbuf, const char *filename)
+{
+	static struct lock_file msg_file;
+
+	int msg_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&msg_file, filename,
+					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (write_in_full(msg_fd, msgbuf->buf, msgbuf->len) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("Could not write to %s"), filename);
+	strbuf_release(msgbuf);
+	if (commit_lock_file(&msg_file) < 0)
+		die(_("Error wrapping up %s"), filename);
+}
+
+static struct tree *empty_tree(void)
+{
+	return lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+}
+
+static int error_dirty_index(struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	if (read_cache_unmerged())
+		return error_resolve_conflict(action_name(opts));
+
+	/* Different translation strings for cherry-pick and revert */
+	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK)
+		error(_("Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."));
+	else
+		error(_("Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."));
+
+	if (advice_commit_before_merge)
+		advise(_("Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."));
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from,
+			int unborn, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	read_cache();
+	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to, 1))
+		exit(128); /* the callee should have complained already */
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s: fast-forward", action_name(opts));
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, "HEAD",
+				   to, unborn ? null_sha1 : from,
+				   0, sb.buf, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void append_conflicts_hint(struct strbuf *msgbuf)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\n');
+	strbuf_commented_addf(msgbuf, "Conflicts:\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			strbuf_commented_addf(msgbuf, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
+			while (i < active_nr && !strcmp(ce->name,
+							active_cache[i]->name))
+				i++;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
+			      const char *base_label, const char *next_label,
+			      unsigned char *head, struct strbuf *msgbuf,
+			      struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct merge_options o;
+	struct tree *result, *next_tree, *base_tree, *head_tree;
+	int clean;
+	const char **xopt;
+	static struct lock_file index_lock;
+
+	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+
+	read_cache();
+
+	init_merge_options(&o);
+	o.ancestor = base ? base_label : "(empty tree)";
+	o.branch1 = "HEAD";
+	o.branch2 = next ? next_label : "(empty tree)";
+
+	head_tree = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	next_tree = next ? next->tree : empty_tree();
+	base_tree = base ? base->tree : empty_tree();
+
+	for (xopt = opts->xopts; xopt != opts->xopts + opts->xopts_nr; xopt++)
+		parse_merge_opt(&o, *xopt);
+
+	clean = merge_trees(&o,
+			    head_tree,
+			    next_tree, base_tree, &result);
+
+	if (active_cache_changed &&
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		/* TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick" */
+		die(_("%s: Unable to write new index file"), action_name(opts));
+	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
+
+	if (opts->signoff)
+		append_signoff(msgbuf, 0, 0);
+
+	if (!clean)
+		append_conflicts_hint(msgbuf);
+
+	return !clean;
+}
+
+static int is_index_unchanged(void)
+{
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	struct commit *head_commit;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL))
+		return error(_("Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"));
+
+	head_commit = lookup_commit(head_sha1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If head_commit is NULL, check_commit, called from
+	 * lookup_commit, would have indicated that head_commit is not
+	 * a commit object already.  parse_commit() will return failure
+	 * without further complaints in such a case.  Otherwise, if
+	 * the commit is invalid, parse_commit() will complain.  So
+	 * there is nothing for us to say here.  Just return failure.
+	 */
+	if (parse_commit(head_commit))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!active_cache_tree)
+		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+
+	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
+		if (cache_tree_update(&the_index, 0))
+			return error(_("Unable to update cache tree\n"));
+
+	return !hashcmp(active_cache_tree->sha1, head_commit->tree->object.oid.hash);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If we are cherry-pick, and if the merge did not result in
+ * hand-editing, we will hit this commit and inherit the original
+ * author date and name.
+ * If we are revert, or if our cherry-pick results in a hand merge,
+ * we had better say that the current user is responsible for that.
+ */
+static int run_git_commit(const char *defmsg, struct replay_opts *opts,
+			  int allow_empty)
+{
+	struct argv_array array;
+	int rc;
+	const char *value;
+
+	argv_array_init(&array);
+	argv_array_push(&array, "commit");
+	argv_array_push(&array, "-n");
+
+	if (opts->gpg_sign)
+		argv_array_pushf(&array, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
+	if (opts->signoff)
+		argv_array_push(&array, "-s");
+	if (!opts->edit) {
+		argv_array_push(&array, "-F");
+		argv_array_push(&array, defmsg);
+		if (!opts->signoff &&
+		    !opts->record_origin &&
+		    git_config_get_value("commit.cleanup", &value))
+			argv_array_push(&array, "--cleanup=verbatim");
+	}
+
+	if (allow_empty)
+		argv_array_push(&array, "--allow-empty");
+
+	if (opts->allow_empty_message)
+		argv_array_push(&array, "--allow-empty-message");
+
+	rc = run_command_v_opt(array.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&array);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int is_original_commit_empty(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const unsigned char *ptree_sha1;
+
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return error(_("Could not parse commit %s\n"),
+			     oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+	if (commit->parents) {
+		struct commit *parent = commit->parents->item;
+		if (parse_commit(parent))
+			return error(_("Could not parse parent commit %s\n"),
+				oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
+		ptree_sha1 = parent->tree->object.oid.hash;
+	} else {
+		ptree_sha1 = EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN; /* commit is root */
+	}
+
+	return !hashcmp(ptree_sha1, commit->tree->object.oid.hash);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do we run "git commit" with "--allow-empty"?
+ */
+static int allow_empty(struct replay_opts *opts, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int index_unchanged, empty_commit;
+
+	/*
+	 * Three cases:
+	 *
+	 * (1) we do not allow empty at all and error out.
+	 *
+	 * (2) we allow ones that were initially empty, but
+	 * forbid the ones that become empty;
+	 *
+	 * (3) we allow both.
+	 */
+	if (!opts->allow_empty)
+		return 0; /* let "git commit" barf as necessary */
+
+	index_unchanged = is_index_unchanged();
+	if (index_unchanged < 0)
+		return index_unchanged;
+	if (!index_unchanged)
+		return 0; /* we do not have to say --allow-empty */
+
+	if (opts->keep_redundant_commits)
+		return 1;
+
+	empty_commit = is_original_commit_empty(commit);
+	if (empty_commit < 0)
+		return empty_commit;
+	if (!empty_commit)
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	unsigned char head[20];
+	struct commit *base, *next, *parent;
+	const char *base_label, *next_label;
+	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
+	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int res, unborn = 0, allow;
+
+	if (opts->no_commit) {
+		/*
+		 * We do not intend to commit immediately.  We just want to
+		 * merge the differences in, so let's compute the tree
+		 * that represents the "current" state for merge-recursive
+		 * to work on.
+		 */
+		if (write_cache_as_tree(head, 0, NULL))
+			die (_("Your index file is unmerged."));
+	} else {
+		unborn = get_sha1("HEAD", head);
+		if (unborn)
+			hashcpy(head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+		if (index_differs_from(unborn ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : "HEAD", 0))
+			return error_dirty_index(opts);
+	}
+	discard_cache();
+
+	if (!commit->parents) {
+		parent = NULL;
+	}
+	else if (commit->parents->next) {
+		/* Reverting or cherry-picking a merge commit */
+		int cnt;
+		struct commit_list *p;
+
+		if (!opts->mainline)
+			return error(_("Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."),
+				oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+
+		for (cnt = 1, p = commit->parents;
+		     cnt != opts->mainline && p;
+		     cnt++)
+			p = p->next;
+		if (cnt != opts->mainline || !p)
+			return error(_("Commit %s does not have parent %d"),
+				oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid), opts->mainline);
+		parent = p->item;
+	} else if (0 < opts->mainline)
+		return error(_("Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."),
+			oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+	else
+		parent = commit->parents->item;
+
+	if (opts->allow_ff &&
+	    ((parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.oid.hash, head)) ||
+	     (!parent && unborn)))
+		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.oid.hash, head, unborn, opts);
+
+	if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
+		/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+		   "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1 */
+		return error(_("%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"),
+			action_name(opts), oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
+
+	if (get_message(commit, &msg) != 0)
+		return error(_("Cannot get commit message for %s"),
+			oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+
+	/*
+	 * "commit" is an existing commit.  We would want to apply
+	 * the difference it introduces since its first parent "prev"
+	 * on top of the current HEAD if we are cherry-pick.  Or the
+	 * reverse of it if we are revert.
+	 */
+
+	if (opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT) {
+		base = commit;
+		base_label = msg.label;
+		next = parent;
+		next_label = msg.parent_label;
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "Revert \"");
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, msg.subject);
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "\"\n\nThis reverts commit ");
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+
+		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ", reversing\nchanges made to ");
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ".\n");
+	} else {
+		const char *p;
+
+		base = parent;
+		base_label = msg.parent_label;
+		next = commit;
+		next_label = msg.label;
+
+		/*
+		 * Append the commit log message to msgbuf; it starts
+		 * after the tree, parent, author, committer
+		 * information followed by "\n\n".
+		 */
+		p = strstr(msg.message, "\n\n");
+		if (p) {
+			p += 2;
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, p);
+		}
+
+		if (opts->record_origin) {
+			if (!has_conforming_footer(&msgbuf, NULL, 0))
+				strbuf_addch(&msgbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, cherry_picked_prefix);
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "recursive") || opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT) {
+		res = do_recursive_merge(base, next, base_label, next_label,
+					 head, &msgbuf, opts);
+		write_message(&msgbuf, git_path_merge_msg());
+	} else {
+		struct commit_list *common = NULL;
+		struct commit_list *remotes = NULL;
+
+		write_message(&msgbuf, git_path_merge_msg());
+
+		commit_list_insert(base, &common);
+		commit_list_insert(next, &remotes);
+		res = try_merge_command(opts->strategy, opts->xopts_nr, opts->xopts,
+					common, sha1_to_hex(head), remotes);
+		free_commit_list(common);
+		free_commit_list(remotes);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the merge was clean or if it failed due to conflict, we write
+	 * CHERRY_PICK_HEAD for the subsequent invocation of commit to use.
+	 * However, if the merge did not even start, then we don't want to
+	 * write it at all.
+	 */
+	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK && !opts->no_commit && (res == 0 || res == 1))
+		update_ref(NULL, "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", commit->object.oid.hash, NULL,
+			   REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+	if (opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT && ((opts->no_commit && res == 0) || res == 1))
+		update_ref(NULL, "REVERT_HEAD", commit->object.oid.hash, NULL,
+			   REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	if (res) {
+		error(opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT
+		      ? _("could not revert %s... %s")
+		      : _("could not apply %s... %s"),
+		      find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV),
+		      msg.subject);
+		print_advice(res == 1, opts);
+		rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
+	if (allow < 0) {
+		res = allow;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+	if (!opts->no_commit)
+		res = run_git_commit(git_path_merge_msg(), opts, allow);
+
+leave:
+	free_message(commit, &msg);
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+static void prepare_revs(struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	/*
+	 * picking (but not reverting) ranges (but not individual revisions)
+	 * should be done in reverse
+	 */
+	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK && !opts->revs->no_walk)
+		opts->revs->reverse ^= 1;
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
+
+	if (!opts->revs->commits)
+		die(_("empty commit set passed"));
+}
+
+static void read_and_refresh_cache(struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	static struct lock_file index_lock;
+	int index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
+	if (read_index_preload(&the_index, NULL) < 0)
+		die(_("git %s: failed to read the index"), action_name(opts));
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	if (the_index.cache_changed && index_fd >= 0) {
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
+			die(_("git %s: failed to refresh the index"), action_name(opts));
+	}
+	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
+}
+
+static int format_todo(struct strbuf *buf, struct commit_list *todo_list,
+		struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct commit_list *cur = NULL;
+	const char *sha1_abbrev = NULL;
+	const char *action_str = opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT ? "revert" : "pick";
+	const char *subject;
+	int subject_len;
+
+	for (cur = todo_list; cur; cur = cur->next) {
+		const char *commit_buffer = get_commit_buffer(cur->item, NULL);
+		sha1_abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(cur->item->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		subject_len = find_commit_subject(commit_buffer, &subject);
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s %s %.*s\n", action_str, sha1_abbrev,
+			subject_len, subject);
+		unuse_commit_buffer(cur->item, commit_buffer);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct commit *parse_insn_line(char *bol, char *eol, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+	enum replay_action action;
+	char *end_of_object_name;
+	int saved, status, padding;
+
+	if (starts_with(bol, "pick")) {
+		action = REPLAY_PICK;
+		bol += strlen("pick");
+	} else if (starts_with(bol, "revert")) {
+		action = REPLAY_REVERT;
+		bol += strlen("revert");
+	} else
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Eat up extra spaces/ tabs before object name */
+	padding = strspn(bol, " \t");
+	if (!padding)
+		return NULL;
+	bol += padding;
+
+	end_of_object_name = bol + strcspn(bol, " \t\n");
+	saved = *end_of_object_name;
+	*end_of_object_name = '\0';
+	status = get_sha1(bol, commit_sha1);
+	*end_of_object_name = saved;
+
+	/*
+	 * Verify that the action matches up with the one in
+	 * opts; we don't support arbitrary instructions
+	 */
+	if (action != opts->action) {
+		const char *action_str;
+		action_str = action == REPLAY_REVERT ? "revert" : "cherry-pick";
+		error(_("Cannot %s during a %s"), action_str, action_name(opts));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (status < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return lookup_commit_reference(commit_sha1);
+}
+
+static int parse_insn_buffer(char *buf, struct commit_list **todo_list,
+			struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct commit_list **next = todo_list;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	char *p = buf;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 1; *p; i++) {
+		char *eol = strchrnul(p, '\n');
+		commit = parse_insn_line(p, eol, opts);
+		if (!commit)
+			return error(_("Could not parse line %d."), i);
+		next = commit_list_append(commit, next);
+		p = *eol ? eol + 1 : eol;
+	}
+	if (!*todo_list)
+		return error(_("No commits parsed."));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void read_populate_todo(struct commit_list **todo_list,
+			struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd, res;
+
+	fd = open(git_path_todo_file(), O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno(_("Could not open %s"), git_path_todo_file());
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
+		close(fd);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		die(_("Could not read %s."), git_path_todo_file());
+	}
+	close(fd);
+
+	res = parse_insn_buffer(buf.buf, todo_list, opts);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	if (res)
+		die(_("Unusable instruction sheet: %s"), git_path_todo_file());
+}
+
+static int populate_opts_cb(const char *key, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	struct replay_opts *opts = data;
+	int error_flag = 1;
+
+	if (!value)
+		error_flag = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.no-commit"))
+		opts->no_commit = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.edit"))
+		opts->edit = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.signoff"))
+		opts->signoff = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.record-origin"))
+		opts->record_origin = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.allow-ff"))
+		opts->allow_ff = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.mainline"))
+		opts->mainline = git_config_int(key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy"))
+		git_config_string(&opts->strategy, key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.gpg-sign"))
+		git_config_string(&opts->gpg_sign, key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy-option")) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(opts->xopts, opts->xopts_nr + 1, opts->xopts_alloc);
+		opts->xopts[opts->xopts_nr++] = xstrdup(value);
+	} else
+		return error(_("Invalid key: %s"), key);
+
+	if (!error_flag)
+		return error(_("Invalid value for %s: %s"), key, value);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void read_populate_opts(struct replay_opts **opts_ptr)
+{
+	if (!file_exists(git_path_opts_file()))
+		return;
+	if (git_config_from_file(populate_opts_cb, git_path_opts_file(), *opts_ptr) < 0)
+		die(_("Malformed options sheet: %s"), git_path_opts_file());
+}
+
+static void walk_revs_populate_todo(struct commit_list **todo_list,
+				struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list **next;
+
+	prepare_revs(opts);
+
+	next = todo_list;
+	while ((commit = get_revision(opts->revs)))
+		next = commit_list_append(commit, next);
+}
+
+static int create_seq_dir(void)
+{
+	if (file_exists(git_path_seq_dir())) {
+		error(_("a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"));
+		advise(_("try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	else if (mkdir(git_path_seq_dir(), 0777) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("Could not create sequencer directory %s"),
+			  git_path_seq_dir());
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void save_head(const char *head)
+{
+	static struct lock_file head_lock;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&head_lock, git_path_head_file(), LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", head);
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("Could not write to %s"), git_path_head_file());
+	if (commit_lock_file(&head_lock) < 0)
+		die(_("Error wrapping up %s."), git_path_head_file());
+}
+
+static int reset_for_rollback(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *argv[4];	/* reset --merge <arg> + NULL */
+	argv[0] = "reset";
+	argv[1] = "--merge";
+	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+	argv[3] = NULL;
+	return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+}
+
+static int rollback_single_pick(void)
+{
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+
+	if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) &&
+	    !file_exists(git_path_revert_head()))
+		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
+	if (read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, NULL))
+		return error(_("cannot resolve HEAD"));
+	if (is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
+		return error(_("cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"));
+	return reset_for_rollback(head_sha1);
+}
+
+static int sequencer_rollback(struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	FILE *f;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	f = fopen(git_path_head_file(), "r");
+	if (!f && errno == ENOENT) {
+		/*
+		 * There is no multiple-cherry-pick in progress.
+		 * If CHERRY_PICK_HEAD or REVERT_HEAD indicates
+		 * a single-cherry-pick in progress, abort that.
+		 */
+		return rollback_single_pick();
+	}
+	if (!f)
+		return error_errno(_("cannot open %s"), git_path_head_file());
+	if (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, f)) {
+		error(_("cannot read %s: %s"), git_path_head_file(),
+		      ferror(f) ?  strerror(errno) : _("unexpected end of file"));
+		fclose(f);
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	fclose(f);
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1) || buf.buf[40] != '\0') {
+		error(_("stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"),
+			git_path_head_file());
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+		error(_("cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"));
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	if (reset_for_rollback(sha1))
+		goto fail;
+	remove_sequencer_state();
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+fail:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void save_todo(struct commit_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	static struct lock_file todo_lock;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&todo_lock, git_path_todo_file(), LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (format_todo(&buf, todo_list, opts) < 0)
+		die(_("Could not format %s."), git_path_todo_file());
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		die_errno(_("Could not write to %s"), git_path_todo_file());
+	}
+	if (commit_lock_file(&todo_lock) < 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		die(_("Error wrapping up %s."), git_path_todo_file());
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void save_opts(struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	const char *opts_file = git_path_opts_file();
+
+	if (opts->no_commit)
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.no-commit", "true");
+	if (opts->edit)
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.edit", "true");
+	if (opts->signoff)
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.signoff", "true");
+	if (opts->record_origin)
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.record-origin", "true");
+	if (opts->allow_ff)
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.allow-ff", "true");
+	if (opts->mainline) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%d", opts->mainline);
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.mainline", buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+	if (opts->strategy)
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.strategy", opts->strategy);
+	if (opts->gpg_sign)
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.gpg-sign", opts->gpg_sign);
+	if (opts->xopts) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
+			git_config_set_multivar_in_file(opts_file,
+							"options.strategy-option",
+							opts->xopts[i], "^$", 0);
+	}
+}
+
+static int pick_commits(struct commit_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct commit_list *cur;
+	int res;
+
+	setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
+	if (opts->allow_ff)
+		assert(!(opts->signoff || opts->no_commit ||
+				opts->record_origin || opts->edit));
+	read_and_refresh_cache(opts);
+
+	for (cur = todo_list; cur; cur = cur->next) {
+		save_todo(cur, opts);
+		res = do_pick_commit(cur->item, opts);
+		if (res)
+			return res;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Sequence of picks finished successfully; cleanup by
+	 * removing the .git/sequencer directory
+	 */
+	remove_sequencer_state();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int continue_single_pick(void)
+{
+	const char *argv[] = { "commit", NULL };
+
+	if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) &&
+	    !file_exists(git_path_revert_head()))
+		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
+	return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+}
+
+static int sequencer_continue(struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct commit_list *todo_list = NULL;
+
+	if (!file_exists(git_path_todo_file()))
+		return continue_single_pick();
+	read_populate_opts(&opts);
+	read_populate_todo(&todo_list, opts);
+
+	/* Verify that the conflict has been resolved */
+	if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) ||
+	    file_exists(git_path_revert_head())) {
+		int ret = continue_single_pick();
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+	if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0))
+		return error_dirty_index(opts);
+	todo_list = todo_list->next;
+	return pick_commits(todo_list, opts);
+}
+
+static int single_pick(struct commit *cmit, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
+	return do_pick_commit(cmit, opts);
+}
+
+int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct commit_list *todo_list = NULL;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int i;
+
+	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_NONE)
+		assert(opts->revs);
+
+	read_and_refresh_cache(opts);
+
+	/*
+	 * Decide what to do depending on the arguments; a fresh
+	 * cherry-pick should be handled differently from an existing
+	 * one that is being continued
+	 */
+	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_REMOVE_STATE) {
+		remove_sequencer_state();
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_ROLLBACK)
+		return sequencer_rollback(opts);
+	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_CONTINUE)
+		return sequencer_continue(opts);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < opts->revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name = opts->revs->pending.objects[i].name;
+
+		/* This happens when using --stdin. */
+		if (!strlen(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+			if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) {
+				enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+				die(_("%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"), name, typename(type));
+			}
+		} else
+			die(_("%s: bad revision"), name);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we were called as "git cherry-pick <commit>", just
+	 * cherry-pick/revert it, set CHERRY_PICK_HEAD /
+	 * REVERT_HEAD, and don't touch the sequencer state.
+	 * This means it is possible to cherry-pick in the middle
+	 * of a cherry-pick sequence.
+	 */
+	if (opts->revs->cmdline.nr == 1 &&
+	    opts->revs->cmdline.rev->whence == REV_CMD_REV &&
+	    opts->revs->no_walk &&
+	    !opts->revs->cmdline.rev->flags) {
+		struct commit *cmit;
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
+			die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
+		cmit = get_revision(opts->revs);
+		if (!cmit || get_revision(opts->revs))
+			die("BUG: expected exactly one commit from walk");
+		return single_pick(cmit, opts);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Start a new cherry-pick/ revert sequence; but
+	 * first, make sure that an existing one isn't in
+	 * progress
+	 */
+
+	walk_revs_populate_todo(&todo_list, opts);
+	if (create_seq_dir() < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) && (opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT))
+		return error(_("Can't revert as initial commit"));
+	save_head(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	save_opts(opts);
+	return pick_commits(todo_list, opts);
+}
+
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag)
+{
+	unsigned no_dup_sob = flag & APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP;
+	struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int has_footer;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
+	strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+				getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
+	strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
+
+	/*
+	 * If the whole message buffer is equal to the sob, pretend that we
+	 * found a conforming footer with a matching sob
+	 */
+	if (msgbuf->len - ignore_footer == sob.len &&
+	    !strncmp(msgbuf->buf, sob.buf, sob.len))
+		has_footer = 3;
+	else
+		has_footer = has_conforming_footer(msgbuf, &sob, ignore_footer);
+
+	if (!has_footer) {
+		const char *append_newlines = NULL;
+		size_t len = msgbuf->len - ignore_footer;
+
+		if (!len) {
+			/*
+			 * The buffer is completely empty.  Leave foom for
+			 * the title and body to be filled in by the user.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 1] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Incomplete line.  Complete the line and add a
+			 * blank one so that there is an empty line between
+			 * the message body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (len == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer contains a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that we leave room for the title and body.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 2] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer ends with a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that there is an empty line between the message
+			 * body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} /* else, the buffer already ends with two newlines. */
+
+		if (append_newlines)
+			strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				append_newlines, strlen(append_newlines));
+	}
+
+	if (has_footer != 3 && (!no_dup_sob || has_footer != 2))
+		strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				sob.buf, sob.len);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sob);
+}
diff --git a/sequencer.h b/sequencer.h
index 2d4528f292..5ed5cb1d97 100644
--- a/sequencer.h
+++ b/sequencer.h
@@ -6,7 +6,53 @@
 #define SEQ_TODO_FILE	"sequencer/todo"
 #define SEQ_OPTS_FILE	"sequencer/opts"
 
-/* Removes SEQ_DIR. */
-extern void remove_sequencer_state(void);
+#define APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP (1u << 0)
+
+enum replay_action {
+	REPLAY_REVERT,
+	REPLAY_PICK
+};
+
+enum replay_subcommand {
+	REPLAY_NONE,
+	REPLAY_REMOVE_STATE,
+	REPLAY_CONTINUE,
+	REPLAY_ROLLBACK
+};
+
+struct replay_opts {
+	enum replay_action action;
+	enum replay_subcommand subcommand;
+
+	/* Boolean options */
+	int edit;
+	int record_origin;
+	int no_commit;
+	int signoff;
+	int allow_ff;
+	int allow_rerere_auto;
+	int allow_empty;
+	int allow_empty_message;
+	int keep_redundant_commits;
+
+	int mainline;
+
+	const char *gpg_sign;
+
+	/* Merge strategy */
+	const char *strategy;
+	const char **xopts;
+	size_t xopts_nr, xopts_alloc;
+
+	/* Only used by REPLAY_NONE */
+	struct rev_info *revs;
+};
+
+int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts);
+
+extern const char sign_off_header[];
+
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag);
+void append_conflicts_hint(struct strbuf *msgbuf);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/server-info.c b/server-info.c
index 9ec744e9f2..75dd677413 100644
--- a/server-info.c
+++ b/server-info.c
@@ -4,45 +4,81 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 
-/* refs */
-static FILE *info_ref_fp;
+/*
+ * Create the file "path" by writing to a temporary file and renaming
+ * it into place. The contents of the file come from "generate", which
+ * should return non-zero if it encounters an error.
+ */
+static int update_info_file(char *path, int (*generate)(FILE *))
+{
+	char *tmp = mkpathdup("%s_XXXXXX", path);
+	int ret = -1;
+	int fd = -1;
+	FILE *fp = NULL;
+
+	safe_create_leading_directories(path);
+	fd = git_mkstemp_mode(tmp, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		goto out;
+	fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
+	if (!fp)
+		goto out;
+	ret = generate(fp);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+	if (fclose(fp))
+		goto out;
+	if (adjust_shared_perm(tmp) < 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (rename(tmp, path) < 0)
+		goto out;
+	ret = 0;
+
+out:
+	if (ret) {
+		error_errno("unable to update %s", path);
+		if (fp)
+			fclose(fp);
+		else if (fd >= 0)
+			close(fd);
+		unlink(tmp);
+	}
+	free(tmp);
+	return ret;
+}
 
-static int add_info_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int add_info_ref(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid,
+			int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	FILE *fp = cb_data;
+	struct object *o = parse_object(oid->hash);
 	if (!o)
 		return -1;
 
-	fprintf(info_ref_fp, "%s	%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
+	if (fprintf(fp, "%s	%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid), path) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
 	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
 		if (o)
-			fprintf(info_ref_fp, "%s	%s^{}\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), path);
+			if (fprintf(fp, "%s	%s^{}\n",
+				oid_to_hex(&o->oid), path) < 0)
+				return -1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int generate_info_refs(FILE *fp)
+{
+	return for_each_ref(add_info_ref, fp);
+}
+
 static int update_info_refs(int force)
 {
-	char *path0 = git_pathdup("info/refs");
-	int len = strlen(path0);
-	char *path1 = xmalloc(len + 2);
-
-	strcpy(path1, path0);
-	strcpy(path1 + len, "+");
-
-	safe_create_leading_directories(path0);
-	info_ref_fp = fopen(path1, "w");
-	if (!info_ref_fp)
-		return error("unable to update %s", path1);
-	for_each_ref(add_info_ref, NULL);
-	fclose(info_ref_fp);
-	adjust_shared_perm(path1);
-	rename(path1, path0);
-	free(path0);
-	free(path1);
-	return 0;
+	char *path = git_pathdup("info/refs");
+	int ret = update_info_file(path, generate_info_refs);
+	free(path);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /* packs */
@@ -198,36 +234,36 @@ static void init_pack_info(const char *infofile, int force)
 		info[i]->new_num = i;
 }
 
-static void write_pack_info_file(FILE *fp)
+static void free_pack_info(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < num_pack; i++)
-		fprintf(fp, "P %s\n", info[i]->p->pack_name + objdirlen + 6);
-	fputc('\n', fp);
+		free(info[i]);
+	free(info);
 }
 
-static int update_info_packs(int force)
+static int write_pack_info_file(FILE *fp)
 {
-	char infofile[PATH_MAX];
-	char name[PATH_MAX];
-	int namelen;
-	FILE *fp;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pack; i++) {
+		if (fprintf(fp, "P %s\n", info[i]->p->pack_name + objdirlen + 6) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (fputc('\n', fp) == EOF)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	namelen = sprintf(infofile, "%s/info/packs", get_object_directory());
-	strcpy(name, infofile);
-	strcpy(name + namelen, "+");
+static int update_info_packs(int force)
+{
+	char *infofile = mkpathdup("%s/info/packs", get_object_directory());
+	int ret;
 
 	init_pack_info(infofile, force);
-
-	safe_create_leading_directories(name);
-	fp = fopen(name, "w");
-	if (!fp)
-		return error("cannot open %s", name);
-	write_pack_info_file(fp);
-	fclose(fp);
-	adjust_shared_perm(name);
-	rename(name, infofile);
-	return 0;
+	ret = update_info_file(infofile, write_pack_info_file);
+	free_pack_info();
+	free(infofile);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /* public */
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 61c22e6bec..c86bf5c9fa 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -1,51 +1,150 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static int inside_git_dir = -1;
 static int inside_work_tree = -1;
+static int work_tree_config_is_bogus;
 
-char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+static struct startup_info the_startup_info;
+struct startup_info *startup_info = &the_startup_info;
+
+/*
+ * The input parameter must contain an absolute path, and it must already be
+ * normalized.
+ *
+ * Find the part of an absolute path that lies inside the work tree by
+ * dereferencing symlinks outside the work tree, for example:
+ * /dir1/repo/dir2/file   (work tree is /dir1/repo)      -> dir2/file
+ * /dir/file              (work tree is /)               -> dir/file
+ * /dir/symlink1/symlink2 (symlink1 points to work tree) -> symlink2
+ * /dir/repolink/file     (repolink points to /dir/repo) -> file
+ * /dir/repo              (exactly equal to work tree)   -> (empty string)
+ */
+static int abspath_part_inside_repo(char *path)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	size_t wtlen;
+	char *path0;
+	int off;
+	const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+
+	if (!work_tree)
+		return -1;
+	wtlen = strlen(work_tree);
+	len = strlen(path);
+	off = offset_1st_component(path);
+
+	/* check if work tree is already the prefix */
+	if (wtlen <= len && !strncmp(path, work_tree, wtlen)) {
+		if (path[wtlen] == '/') {
+			memmove(path, path + wtlen + 1, len - wtlen);
+			return 0;
+		} else if (path[wtlen - 1] == '/' || path[wtlen] == '\0') {
+			/* work tree is the root, or the whole path */
+			memmove(path, path + wtlen, len - wtlen + 1);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/* work tree might match beginning of a symlink to work tree */
+		off = wtlen;
+	}
+	path0 = path;
+	path += off;
+
+	/* check each '/'-terminated level */
+	while (*path) {
+		path++;
+		if (*path == '/') {
+			*path = '\0';
+			if (strcmp(real_path(path0), work_tree) == 0) {
+				memmove(path0, path + 1, len - (path - path0));
+				return 0;
+			}
+			*path = '/';
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* check whole path */
+	if (strcmp(real_path(path0), work_tree) == 0) {
+		*path0 = '\0';
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Normalize "path", prepending the "prefix" for relative paths. If
+ * remaining_prefix is not NULL, return the actual prefix still
+ * remains in the path. For example, prefix = sub1/sub2/ and path is
+ *
+ *  foo          -> sub1/sub2/foo  (full prefix)
+ *  ../foo       -> sub1/foo       (remaining prefix is sub1/)
+ *  ../../bar    -> bar            (no remaining prefix)
+ *  ../../sub1/sub2/foo -> sub1/sub2/foo (but no remaining prefix)
+ *  `pwd`/../bar -> sub1/bar       (no remaining prefix)
+ */
+char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len,
+			 int *remaining_prefix, const char *path)
 {
 	const char *orig = path;
 	char *sanitized;
 	if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
-		const char *temp = real_path(path);
-		sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(temp) + 1);
-		strcpy(sanitized, temp);
+		sanitized = xmallocz(strlen(path));
+		if (remaining_prefix)
+			*remaining_prefix = 0;
+		if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, path, remaining_prefix)) {
+			free(sanitized);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		if (abspath_part_inside_repo(sanitized)) {
+			free(sanitized);
+			return NULL;
+		}
 	} else {
-		sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(path) + 1);
-		if (len)
-			memcpy(sanitized, prefix, len);
-		strcpy(sanitized + len, path);
-	}
-	if (normalize_path_copy(sanitized, sanitized))
-		goto error_out;
-	if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
-		size_t root_len, len, total;
-		const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
-		if (!work_tree)
-			goto error_out;
-		len = strlen(work_tree);
-		root_len = offset_1st_component(work_tree);
-		total = strlen(sanitized) + 1;
-		if (strncmp(sanitized, work_tree, len) ||
-		    (len > root_len && sanitized[len] != '\0' && sanitized[len] != '/')) {
-		error_out:
-			die("'%s' is outside repository", orig);
+		sanitized = xstrfmt("%.*s%s", len, len ? prefix : "", path);
+		if (remaining_prefix)
+			*remaining_prefix = len;
+		if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, sanitized, remaining_prefix)) {
+			free(sanitized);
+			return NULL;
 		}
-		if (sanitized[len] == '/')
-			len++;
-		memmove(sanitized, sanitized + len, total - len);
 	}
 	return sanitized;
 }
 
+char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+{
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
+	if (!r)
+		die("'%s' is outside repository", path);
+	return r;
+}
+
+int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path)
+{
+	int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
+	if (r) {
+		free(r);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 {
 	const char *name;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	name = prefix ? prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg) : arg;
+	if (starts_with(arg, ":/")) {
+		if (arg[2] == '\0') /* ":/" is root dir, always exists */
+			return 1;
+		name = arg + 2;
+	} else if (prefix)
+		name = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg);
+	else
+		name = arg;
 	if (!lstat(name, &st))
 		return 1; /* file exists */
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
@@ -53,24 +152,27 @@ int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 	die_errno("failed to stat '%s'", arg);
 }
 
-static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+					 const char *arg,
+					 int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned mode;
-
+	if (!diagnose_misspelt_rev)
+		die("%s: no such path in the working tree.\n"
+		    "Use 'git <command> -- <path>...' to specify paths that do not exist locally.",
+		    arg);
 	/*
 	 * Saying "'(icase)foo' does not exist in the index" when the
 	 * user gave us ":(icase)foo" is just stupid.  A magic pathspec
 	 * begins with a colon and is followed by a non-alnum; do not
-	 * let get_sha1_with_mode_1(only_to_die=1) to even trigger.
+	 * let maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name() even trigger.
 	 */
 	if (!(arg[0] == ':' && !isalnum(arg[1])))
-		/* try a detailed diagnostic ... */
-		get_sha1_with_mode_1(arg, sha1, &mode, 1, prefix);
+		maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(arg, prefix);
 
 	/* ... or fall back the most general message. */
 	die("ambiguous argument '%s': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.\n"
-	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions", arg);
+	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
+	    "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
 
 }
 
@@ -80,14 +182,29 @@ static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
  * as true, because even if such a filename were to exist, we want
  * it to be preceded by the "--" marker (or we want the user to
  * use a format like "./-filename")
+ *
+ * The "diagnose_misspelt_rev" is used to provide a user-friendly
+ * diagnosis when dying upon finding that "name" is not a pathname.
+ * If set to 1, the diagnosis will try to diagnose "name" as an
+ * invalid object name (e.g. HEAD:foo). If set to 0, the diagnosis
+ * will only complain about an inexisting file.
+ *
+ * This function is typically called to check that a "file or rev"
+ * argument is unambiguous. In this case, the caller will want
+ * diagnose_misspelt_rev == 1 when verifying the first non-rev
+ * argument (which could have been a revision), and
+ * diagnose_misspelt_rev == 0 for the next ones (because we already
+ * saw a filename, there's not ambiguity anymore).
  */
-void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+		     const char *arg,
+		     int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
 {
 	if (*arg == '-')
 		die("bad flag '%s' used after filename", arg);
-	if (check_filename(prefix, arg))
+	if (check_filename(prefix, arg) || !no_wildcard(arg))
 		return;
-	die_verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+	die_verify_filename(prefix, arg, diagnose_misspelt_rev);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -104,136 +221,46 @@ void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 	if (!check_filename(prefix, arg))
 		return;
 	die("ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename\n"
-	    "Use '--' to separate filenames from revisions", arg);
+	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
+	    "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
 }
 
-/*
- * Magic pathspec
- *
- * NEEDSWORK: These need to be moved to dir.h or even to a new
- * pathspec.h when we restructure get_pathspec() users to use the
- * "struct pathspec" interface.
- *
- * Possible future magic semantics include stuff like:
- *
- *	{ PATHSPEC_NOGLOB, '!', "noglob" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_ICASE, '\0', "icase" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_RECURSIVE, '*', "recursive" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_REGEXP, '\0', "regexp" },
- *
- */
-#define PATHSPEC_FROMTOP    (1<<0)
-
-static struct pathspec_magic {
-	unsigned bit;
-	char mnemonic; /* this cannot be ':'! */
-	const char *name;
-} pathspec_magic[] = {
-	{ PATHSPEC_FROMTOP, '/', "top" },
-};
-
-/*
- * Take an element of a pathspec and check for magic signatures.
- * Append the result to the prefix.
- *
- * For now, we only parse the syntax and throw out anything other than
- * "top" magic.
- *
- * NEEDSWORK: This needs to be rewritten when we start migrating
- * get_pathspec() users to use the "struct pathspec" interface.  For
- * example, a pathspec element may be marked as case-insensitive, but
- * the prefix part must always match literally, and a single stupid
- * string cannot express such a case.
- */
-static const char *prefix_pathspec(const char *prefix, int prefixlen, const char *elt)
+int get_common_dir(struct strbuf *sb, const char *gitdir)
 {
-	unsigned magic = 0;
-	const char *copyfrom = elt;
-	int i;
-
-	if (elt[0] != ':') {
-		; /* nothing to do */
-	} else if (elt[1] == '(') {
-		/* longhand */
-		const char *nextat;
-		for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
-		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
-		     copyfrom = nextat) {
-			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
-			if (copyfrom[len] == ')')
-				nextat = copyfrom + len;
-			else
-				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
-			if (!len)
-				continue;
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
-				if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
-				    !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
-					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
-					break;
-				}
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
-				die("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'",
-				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
-		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ')')
-			copyfrom++;
+	const char *git_env_common_dir = getenv(GIT_COMMON_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (git_env_common_dir) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, git_env_common_dir);
+		return 1;
 	} else {
-		/* shorthand */
-		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
-		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ':';
-		     copyfrom++) {
-			char ch = *copyfrom;
-
-			if (!is_pathspec_magic(ch))
-				break;
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
-				if (pathspec_magic[i].mnemonic == ch) {
-					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
-					break;
-				}
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
-				die("Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'",
-				    ch, elt);
-		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ':')
-			copyfrom++;
+		return get_common_dir_noenv(sb, gitdir);
 	}
-
-	if (magic & PATHSPEC_FROMTOP)
-		return xstrdup(copyfrom);
-	else
-		return prefix_path(prefix, prefixlen, copyfrom);
 }
 
-const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
+int get_common_dir_noenv(struct strbuf *sb, const char *gitdir)
 {
-	const char *entry = *pathspec;
-	const char **src, **dst;
-	int prefixlen;
-
-	if (!prefix && !entry)
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (!entry) {
-		static const char *spec[2];
-		spec[0] = prefix;
-		spec[1] = NULL;
-		return spec;
-	}
-
-	/* Otherwise we have to re-write the entries.. */
-	src = pathspec;
-	dst = pathspec;
-	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	while (*src) {
-		*(dst++) = prefix_pathspec(prefix, prefixlen, *src);
-		src++;
-	}
-	*dst = NULL;
-	if (!*pathspec)
-		return NULL;
-	return pathspec;
+	struct strbuf data = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/commondir", gitdir);
+	if (file_exists(path.buf)) {
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&data, path.buf, 0) <= 0)
+			die_errno(_("failed to read %s"), path.buf);
+		while (data.len && (data.buf[data.len - 1] == '\n' ||
+				    data.buf[data.len - 1] == '\r'))
+			data.len--;
+		data.buf[data.len] = '\0';
+		strbuf_reset(&path);
+		if (!is_absolute_path(data.buf))
+			strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/", gitdir);
+		strbuf_addbuf(&path, &data);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, real_path(path.buf));
+		ret = 1;
+	} else
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, gitdir);
+	strbuf_release(&data);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -247,33 +274,59 @@ const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
  *    a proper "ref:", or a regular file HEAD that has a properly
  *    formatted sha1 object name.
  */
-static int is_git_directory(const char *suspect)
+int is_git_directory(const char *suspect)
 {
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
-	size_t len = strlen(suspect);
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+	size_t len;
+
+	/* Check worktree-related signatures */
+	strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/HEAD", suspect);
+	if (validate_headref(path.buf))
+		goto done;
 
-	if (PATH_MAX <= len + strlen("/objects"))
-		die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, suspect);
-	strcpy(path, suspect);
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	get_common_dir(&path, suspect);
+	len = path.len;
+
+	/* Check non-worktree-related signatures */
 	if (getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT)) {
 		if (access(getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT), X_OK))
-			return 0;
+			goto done;
 	}
 	else {
-		strcpy(path + len, "/objects");
-		if (access(path, X_OK))
-			return 0;
+		strbuf_setlen(&path, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, "/objects");
+		if (access(path.buf, X_OK))
+			goto done;
 	}
 
-	strcpy(path + len, "/refs");
-	if (access(path, X_OK))
-		return 0;
+	strbuf_setlen(&path, len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, "/refs");
+	if (access(path.buf, X_OK))
+		goto done;
 
-	strcpy(path + len, "/HEAD");
-	if (validate_headref(path))
-		return 0;
+	ret = 1;
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	return ret;
+}
 
-	return 1;
+int is_nonbare_repository_dir(struct strbuf *path)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	int gitfile_error;
+	size_t orig_path_len = path->len;
+	assert(orig_path_len != 0);
+	strbuf_complete(path, '/');
+	strbuf_addstr(path, ".git");
+	if (read_gitfile_gently(path->buf, &gitfile_error) || is_git_directory(path->buf))
+		ret = 1;
+	if (gitfile_error == READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED ||
+	    gitfile_error == READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED)
+		ret = 1;
+	strbuf_setlen(path, orig_path_len);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int is_inside_git_dir(void)
@@ -297,6 +350,10 @@ void setup_work_tree(void)
 
 	if (initialized)
 		return;
+
+	if (work_tree_config_is_bogus)
+		die("unable to set up work tree using invalid config");
+
 	work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
 	git_dir = get_git_dir();
 	if (!is_absolute_path(git_dir))
@@ -311,94 +368,224 @@ void setup_work_tree(void)
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
 		setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);
 
-	set_git_dir(relative_path(git_dir, work_tree));
+	set_git_dir(remove_leading_path(git_dir, work_tree));
 	initialized = 1;
 }
 
+static int check_repo_format(const char *var, const char *value, void *vdata)
+{
+	struct repository_format *data = vdata;
+	const char *ext;
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "core.repositoryformatversion") == 0)
+		data->version = git_config_int(var, value);
+	else if (skip_prefix(var, "extensions.", &ext)) {
+		/*
+		 * record any known extensions here; otherwise,
+		 * we fall through to recording it as unknown, and
+		 * check_repository_format will complain
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(ext, "noop"))
+			;
+		else if (!strcmp(ext, "preciousobjects"))
+			data->precious_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		else
+			string_list_append(&data->unknown_extensions, ext);
+	} else if (strcmp(var, "core.bare") == 0) {
+		data->is_bare = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	} else if (strcmp(var, "core.worktree") == 0) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		data->work_tree = xstrdup(value);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int check_repository_format_gently(const char *gitdir, int *nongit_ok)
 {
-	char repo_config[PATH_MAX+1];
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct repository_format candidate;
+	int has_common;
+
+	has_common = get_common_dir(&sb, gitdir);
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb, "/config");
+	read_repository_format(&candidate, sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
 	/*
-	 * git_config() can't be used here because it calls git_pathdup()
-	 * to get $GIT_CONFIG/config. That call will make setup_git_env()
-	 * set git_dir to ".git".
-	 *
-	 * We are in gitdir setup, no git dir has been found useable yet.
-	 * Use a gentler version of git_config() to check if this repo
-	 * is a good one.
+	 * For historical use of check_repository_format() in git-init,
+	 * we treat a missing config as a silent "ok", even when nongit_ok
+	 * is unset.
 	 */
-	snprintf(repo_config, PATH_MAX, "%s/config", gitdir);
-	git_config_early(check_repository_format_version, NULL, repo_config);
-	if (GIT_REPO_VERSION < repository_format_version) {
-		if (!nongit_ok)
-			die ("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d",
-			     GIT_REPO_VERSION, repository_format_version);
-		warning("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d",
-			GIT_REPO_VERSION, repository_format_version);
-		warning("Please upgrade Git");
-		*nongit_ok = -1;
+	if (candidate.version < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (verify_repository_format(&candidate, &err) < 0) {
+		if (nongit_ok) {
+			warning("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&err);
+			*nongit_ok = -1;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+	}
+
+	repository_format_precious_objects = candidate.precious_objects;
+	string_list_clear(&candidate.unknown_extensions, 0);
+	if (!has_common) {
+		if (candidate.is_bare != -1) {
+			is_bare_repository_cfg = candidate.is_bare;
+			if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
+				inside_work_tree = -1;
+		}
+		if (candidate.work_tree) {
+			free(git_work_tree_cfg);
+			git_work_tree_cfg = candidate.work_tree;
+			inside_work_tree = -1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		free(candidate.work_tree);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int read_repository_format(struct repository_format *format, const char *path)
+{
+	memset(format, 0, sizeof(*format));
+	format->version = -1;
+	format->is_bare = -1;
+	string_list_init(&format->unknown_extensions, 1);
+	git_config_from_file(check_repo_format, path, format);
+	return format->version;
+}
+
+int verify_repository_format(const struct repository_format *format,
+			     struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	if (GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ < format->version) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, _("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"),
+			    GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ, format->version);
 		return -1;
 	}
+
+	if (format->version >= 1 && format->unknown_extensions.nr) {
+		int i;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(err, _("unknown repository extensions found:"));
+
+		for (i = 0; i < format->unknown_extensions.nr; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(err, "\n\t%s",
+				    format->unknown_extensions.items[i].string);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
  * Try to read the location of the git directory from the .git file,
  * return path to git directory if found.
+ *
+ * On failure, if return_error_code is not NULL, return_error_code
+ * will be set to an error code and NULL will be returned. If
+ * return_error_code is NULL the function will die instead (for most
+ * cases).
  */
-const char *read_gitfile(const char *path)
+const char *read_gitfile_gently(const char *path, int *return_error_code)
 {
-	char *buf;
-	char *dir;
+	const int max_file_size = 1 << 20;  /* 1MB */
+	int error_code = 0;
+	char *buf = NULL;
+	char *dir = NULL;
 	const char *slash;
 	struct stat st;
 	int fd;
 	ssize_t len;
 
-	if (stat(path, &st))
-		return NULL;
-	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-		return NULL;
+	if (stat(path, &st)) {
+		error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
+	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+		error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
+	if (st.st_size > max_file_size) {
+		error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_TOO_LARGE;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		die_errno("Error opening '%s'", path);
-	buf = xmalloc(st.st_size + 1);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
+	buf = xmallocz(st.st_size);
 	len = read_in_full(fd, buf, st.st_size);
 	close(fd);
-	if (len != st.st_size)
-		die("Error reading %s", path);
-	buf[len] = '\0';
-	if (prefixcmp(buf, "gitdir: "))
-		die("Invalid gitfile format: %s", path);
+	if (len != st.st_size) {
+		error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
+	if (!starts_with(buf, "gitdir: ")) {
+		error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
 	while (buf[len - 1] == '\n' || buf[len - 1] == '\r')
 		len--;
-	if (len < 9)
-		die("No path in gitfile: %s", path);
+	if (len < 9) {
+		error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NO_PATH;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
 	buf[len] = '\0';
 	dir = buf + 8;
 
 	if (!is_absolute_path(dir) && (slash = strrchr(path, '/'))) {
 		size_t pathlen = slash+1 - path;
-		size_t dirlen = pathlen + len - 8;
-		dir = xmalloc(dirlen + 1);
-		strncpy(dir, path, pathlen);
-		strncpy(dir + pathlen, buf + 8, len - 8);
-		dir[dirlen] = '\0';
+		dir = xstrfmt("%.*s%.*s", (int)pathlen, path,
+			      (int)(len - 8), buf + 8);
 		free(buf);
 		buf = dir;
 	}
-
-	if (!is_git_directory(dir))
-		die("Not a git repository: %s", dir);
+	if (!is_git_directory(dir)) {
+		error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_REPO;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
 	path = real_path(dir);
 
+cleanup_return:
+	if (return_error_code)
+		*return_error_code = error_code;
+	else if (error_code) {
+		switch (error_code) {
+		case READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED:
+		case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE:
+			/* non-fatal; follow return path */
+			break;
+		case READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED:
+			die_errno("Error opening '%s'", path);
+		case READ_GITFILE_ERR_TOO_LARGE:
+			die("Too large to be a .git file: '%s'", path);
+		case READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED:
+			die("Error reading %s", path);
+		case READ_GITFILE_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT:
+			die("Invalid gitfile format: %s", path);
+		case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NO_PATH:
+			die("No path in gitfile: %s", path);
+		case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_REPO:
+			die("Not a git repository: %s", dir);
+		default:
+			assert(0);
+		}
+	}
+
 	free(buf);
-	return path;
+	return error_code ? NULL : path;
 }
 
 static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
-					  char *cwd, int len,
+					  struct strbuf *cwd,
 					  int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	const char *work_tree_env = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
@@ -433,8 +620,11 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 	if (work_tree_env)
 		set_git_work_tree(work_tree_env);
 	else if (is_bare_repository_cfg > 0) {
-		if (git_work_tree_cfg) /* #22.2, #30 */
-			die("core.bare and core.worktree do not make sense");
+		if (git_work_tree_cfg) {
+			/* #22.2, #30 */
+			warning("core.bare and core.worktree do not make sense");
+			work_tree_config_is_bogus = 1;
+		}
 
 		/* #18, #26 */
 		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
@@ -445,18 +635,24 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 		if (is_absolute_path(git_work_tree_cfg))
 			set_git_work_tree(git_work_tree_cfg);
 		else {
-			char core_worktree[PATH_MAX];
+			char *core_worktree;
 			if (chdir(gitdirenv))
 				die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", gitdirenv);
 			if (chdir(git_work_tree_cfg))
 				die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", git_work_tree_cfg);
-			if (!getcwd(core_worktree, PATH_MAX))
-				die_errno("Could not get directory '%s'", git_work_tree_cfg);
-			if (chdir(cwd))
+			core_worktree = xgetcwd();
+			if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 				die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
 			set_git_work_tree(core_worktree);
+			free(core_worktree);
 		}
 	}
+	else if (!git_env_bool(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, 1)) {
+		/* #16d */
+		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
+		free(gitfile);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	else /* #2, #10 */
 		set_git_work_tree(".");
 
@@ -464,21 +660,20 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 	worktree = get_git_work_tree();
 
 	/* both get_git_work_tree() and cwd are already normalized */
-	if (!strcmp(cwd, worktree)) { /* cwd == worktree */
+	if (!strcmp(cwd->buf, worktree)) { /* cwd == worktree */
 		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
 		free(gitfile);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	offset = dir_inside_of(cwd, worktree);
+	offset = dir_inside_of(cwd->buf, worktree);
 	if (offset >= 0) {	/* cwd inside worktree? */
 		set_git_dir(real_path(gitdirenv));
 		if (chdir(worktree))
 			die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", worktree);
-		cwd[len++] = '/';
-		cwd[len] = '\0';
+		strbuf_addch(cwd, '/');
 		free(gitfile);
-		return cwd + offset;
+		return cwd->buf + offset;
 	}
 
 	/* cwd outside worktree */
@@ -488,7 +683,7 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 }
 
 static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
-					    char *cwd, int offset, int len,
+					    struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
 					    int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdir, nongit_ok))
@@ -496,17 +691,17 @@ static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
 
 	/* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
-		if (offset != len && !is_absolute_path(gitdir))
+		if (offset != cwd->len && !is_absolute_path(gitdir))
 			gitdir = xstrdup(real_path(gitdir));
-		if (chdir(cwd))
+		if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 			die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
-		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
+		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, nongit_ok);
 	}
 
 	/* #16.2, #17.2, #20.2, #21.2, #24, #25, #28, #29 (see t1510) */
 	if (is_bare_repository_cfg > 0) {
-		set_git_dir(offset == len ? gitdir : real_path(gitdir));
-		if (chdir(cwd))
+		set_git_dir(offset == cwd->len ? gitdir : real_path(gitdir));
+		if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 			die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -517,42 +712,44 @@ static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
 		set_git_dir(gitdir);
 	inside_git_dir = 0;
 	inside_work_tree = 1;
-	if (offset == len)
+	if (offset == cwd->len)
 		return NULL;
 
 	/* Make "offset" point to past the '/', and add a '/' at the end */
 	offset++;
-	cwd[len++] = '/';
-	cwd[len] = 0;
-	return cwd + offset;
+	strbuf_addch(cwd, '/');
+	return cwd->buf + offset;
 }
 
 /* #16.1, #17.1, #20.1, #21.1, #22.1 (see t1510) */
-static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(char *cwd, int offset, int len, int *nongit_ok)
+static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
+				      int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	int root_len;
 
 	if (check_repository_format_gently(".", nongit_ok))
 		return NULL;
 
+	setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+
 	/* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
 		const char *gitdir;
 
-		gitdir = offset == len ? "." : xmemdupz(cwd, offset);
-		if (chdir(cwd))
+		gitdir = offset == cwd->len ? "." : xmemdupz(cwd->buf, offset);
+		if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 			die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
-		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
+		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, nongit_ok);
 	}
 
 	inside_git_dir = 1;
 	inside_work_tree = 0;
-	if (offset != len) {
-		if (chdir(cwd))
+	if (offset != cwd->len) {
+		if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 			die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
-		root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd);
-		cwd[offset > root_len ? offset : root_len] = '\0';
-		set_git_dir(cwd);
+		root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd->buf);
+		strbuf_setlen(cwd, offset > root_len ? offset : root_len);
+		set_git_dir(cwd->buf);
 	}
 	else
 		set_git_dir(".");
@@ -569,31 +766,74 @@ static const char *setup_nongit(const char *cwd, int *nongit_ok)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static dev_t get_device_or_die(const char *path, const char *prefix)
+static dev_t get_device_or_die(const char *path, const char *prefix, int prefix_len)
 {
 	struct stat buf;
-	if (stat(path, &buf))
-		die_errno("failed to stat '%s%s%s'",
+	if (stat(path, &buf)) {
+		die_errno("failed to stat '%*s%s%s'",
+				prefix_len,
 				prefix ? prefix : "",
 				prefix ? "/" : "", path);
+	}
 	return buf.st_dev;
 }
 
 /*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that canonicalizes an entry
+ * from GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES using real_path_if_valid(), or
+ * discards it if unusable.  The presence of an empty entry in
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES turns off canonicalization for all
+ * subsequent entries.
+ */
+static int canonicalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item,
+				      void *cb_data)
+{
+	int *empty_entry_found = cb_data;
+	char *ceil = item->string;
+
+	if (!*ceil) {
+		*empty_entry_found = 1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!is_absolute_path(ceil)) {
+		return 0;
+	} else if (*empty_entry_found) {
+		/* Keep entry but do not canonicalize it */
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		const char *real_path = real_path_if_valid(ceil);
+		if (!real_path)
+			return 0;
+		free(item->string);
+		item->string = xstrdup(real_path);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
  * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
  */
 static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
-	static char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
+	struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	static struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *gitdirenv, *ret;
 	char *gitfile;
-	int len, offset, ceil_offset;
+	int offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset = -1;
 	dev_t current_device = 0;
 	int one_filesystem = 1;
 
 	/*
+	 * We may have read an incomplete configuration before
+	 * setting-up the git directory. If so, clear the cache so
+	 * that the next queries to the configuration reload complete
+	 * configuration (including the per-repo config file that we
+	 * ignored previously).
+	 */
+	git_config_clear();
+
+	/*
 	 * Let's assume that we are in a git repository.
 	 * If it turns out later that we are somewhere else, the value will be
 	 * updated accordingly.
@@ -601,9 +841,9 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 	if (nongit_ok)
 		*nongit_ok = 0;
 
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
+	if (strbuf_getcwd(&cwd))
 		die_errno("Unable to read current working directory");
-	offset = len = strlen(cwd);
+	offset = cwd.len;
 
 	/*
 	 * If GIT_DIR is set explicitly, we're not going
@@ -612,10 +852,19 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 	 */
 	gitdirenv = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 	if (gitdirenv)
-		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
+		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, &cwd, nongit_ok);
+
+	if (env_ceiling_dirs) {
+		int empty_entry_found = 0;
 
-	ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, env_ceiling_dirs);
-	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd))
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, env_ceiling_dirs, PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   canonicalize_ceiling_entry, &empty_entry_found);
+		ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd.buf, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+	}
+
+	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd.buf))
 		ceil_offset = 1;
 
 	/*
@@ -631,7 +880,7 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 	 */
 	one_filesystem = !git_env_bool("GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM", 0);
 	if (one_filesystem)
-		current_device = get_device_or_die(".", NULL);
+		current_device = get_device_or_die(".", NULL, 0);
 	for (;;) {
 		gitfile = (char*)read_gitfile(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 		if (gitfile)
@@ -643,7 +892,7 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 
 		if (gitdirenv) {
 			ret = setup_discovered_git_dir(gitdirenv,
-						       cwd, offset, len,
+						       &cwd, offset,
 						       nongit_ok);
 			free(gitfile);
 			return ret;
@@ -651,29 +900,33 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 		free(gitfile);
 
 		if (is_git_directory("."))
-			return setup_bare_git_dir(cwd, offset, len, nongit_ok);
+			return setup_bare_git_dir(&cwd, offset, nongit_ok);
 
-		while (--offset > ceil_offset && cwd[offset] != '/');
-		if (offset <= ceil_offset)
-			return setup_nongit(cwd, nongit_ok);
+		offset_parent = offset;
+		while (--offset_parent > ceil_offset && cwd.buf[offset_parent] != '/');
+		if (offset_parent <= ceil_offset)
+			return setup_nongit(cwd.buf, nongit_ok);
 		if (one_filesystem) {
-			dev_t parent_device = get_device_or_die("..", cwd);
+			dev_t parent_device = get_device_or_die("..", cwd.buf,
+								offset);
 			if (parent_device != current_device) {
 				if (nongit_ok) {
-					if (chdir(cwd))
+					if (chdir(cwd.buf))
 						die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
 					*nongit_ok = 1;
 					return NULL;
 				}
-				cwd[offset] = '\0';
-				die("Not a git repository (or any parent up to mount parent %s)\n"
-				"Stopping at filesystem boundary (GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM not set).", cwd);
+				strbuf_setlen(&cwd, offset);
+				die("Not a git repository (or any parent up to mount point %s)\n"
+				"Stopping at filesystem boundary (GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM not set).",
+				    cwd.buf);
 			}
 		}
 		if (chdir("..")) {
-			cwd[offset] = '\0';
-			die_errno("Cannot change to '%s/..'", cwd);
+			strbuf_setlen(&cwd, offset);
+			die_errno("Cannot change to '%s/..'", cwd.buf);
 		}
+		offset = offset_parent;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -683,14 +936,13 @@ const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
 
 	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
 	if (prefix)
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", prefix, 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, prefix, 1);
 	else
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", "", 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
+
+	startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
+	startup_info->prefix = prefix;
 
-	if (startup_info) {
-		startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
-		startup_info->prefix = prefix;
-	}
 	return prefix;
 }
 
@@ -745,29 +997,10 @@ int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value)
 	return -(i & 0666);
 }
 
-int check_repository_format_version(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (strcmp(var, "core.repositoryformatversion") == 0)
-		repository_format_version = git_config_int(var, value);
-	else if (strcmp(var, "core.sharedrepository") == 0)
-		shared_repository = git_config_perm(var, value);
-	else if (strcmp(var, "core.bare") == 0) {
-		is_bare_repository_cfg = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
-			inside_work_tree = -1;
-	} else if (strcmp(var, "core.worktree") == 0) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		free(git_work_tree_cfg);
-		git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(value);
-		inside_work_tree = -1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int check_repository_format(void)
+void check_repository_format(void)
 {
-	return check_repository_format_gently(get_git_dir(), NULL);
+	check_repository_format_gently(get_git_dir(), NULL);
+	startup_info->have_repository = 1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -787,3 +1020,39 @@ const char *resolve_gitdir(const char *suspect)
 		return suspect;
 	return read_gitfile(suspect);
 }
+
+/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
+void sanitize_stdfds(void)
+{
+	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
+	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
+		fd = dup(fd);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
+	if (fd > 2)
+		close(fd);
+}
+
+int daemonize(void)
+{
+#ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
+#else
+	switch (fork()) {
+		case 0:
+			break;
+		case -1:
+			die_errno("fork failed");
+		default:
+			exit(0);
+	}
+	if (setsid() == -1)
+		die_errno("setsid failed");
+	close(0);
+	close(1);
+	close(2);
+	sanitize_stdfds();
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/sh-i18n--envsubst.c b/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
index 5ddd6886c8..2842a22d7f 100644
--- a/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
+++ b/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
@@ -208,11 +208,8 @@ string_list_append (string_list_ty *slp, const char *s)
   /* Grow the list.  */
   if (slp->nitems >= slp->nitems_max)
     {
-      size_t nbytes;
-
       slp->nitems_max = slp->nitems_max * 2 + 4;
-      nbytes = slp->nitems_max * sizeof (slp->item[0]);
-      slp->item = (const char **) xrealloc (slp->item, nbytes);
+      REALLOC_ARRAY(slp->item, slp->nitems_max);
     }
 
   /* Add the string to the end of the list.  */
@@ -237,18 +234,6 @@ string_list_sort (string_list_ty *slp)
     qsort (slp->item, slp->nitems, sizeof (slp->item[0]), cmp_string);
 }
 
-/* Test whether a string list contains a given string.  */
-static inline int
-string_list_member (const string_list_ty *slp, const char *s)
-{
-  size_t j;
-
-  for (j = 0; j < slp->nitems; ++j)
-    if (strcmp (slp->item[j], s) == 0)
-      return 1;
-  return 0;
-}
-
 /* Test whether a sorted string list contains a given string.  */
 static int
 sorted_string_list_member (const string_list_ty *slp, const char *s)
@@ -290,9 +275,7 @@ static string_list_ty variables_set;
 static void
 note_variable (const char *var_ptr, size_t var_len)
 {
-  char *string = xmalloc (var_len + 1);
-  memcpy (string, var_ptr, var_len);
-  string[var_len] = '\0';
+  char *string = xmemdupz (var_ptr, var_len);
 
   string_list_append (&variables_set, string);
 }
diff --git a/sha1-array.c b/sha1-array.c
index b2f47f98fb..6f4a2246c9 100644
--- a/sha1-array.c
+++ b/sha1-array.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ static int void_hashcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	return hashcmp(a, b);
 }
 
-void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array)
+static void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array)
 {
 	qsort(array->sha1, array->nr, sizeof(*array->sha1), void_hashcmp);
 	array->sorted = 1;
diff --git a/sha1-array.h b/sha1-array.h
index 4499b5dad4..72bb33bec6 100644
--- a/sha1-array.h
+++ b/sha1-array.h
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ struct sha1_array {
 #define SHA1_ARRAY_INIT { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
 
 void sha1_array_append(struct sha1_array *array, const unsigned char *sha1);
-void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array);
 int sha1_array_lookup(struct sha1_array *array, const unsigned char *sha1);
 void sha1_array_clear(struct sha1_array *array);
 
diff --git a/sha1-lookup.c b/sha1-lookup.c
index c4dc55d1f5..5f069214d9 100644
--- a/sha1-lookup.c
+++ b/sha1-lookup.c
@@ -84,8 +84,6 @@ int sha1_pos(const unsigned char *sha1, void *table, size_t nr,
 				die("BUG: assertion failed in binary search");
 			}
 		}
-		if (18 <= ofs)
-			die("cannot happen -- lo and hi are identical");
 	}
 
 	do {
@@ -204,7 +202,54 @@ int sha1_entry_pos(const void *table,
 			 * byte 0 thru (ofs-1) are the same between
 			 * lo and hi; ofs is the first byte that is
 			 * different.
+			 *
+			 * If ofs==20, then no bytes are different,
+			 * meaning we have entries with duplicate
+			 * keys. We know that we are in a solid run
+			 * of this entry (because the entries are
+			 * sorted, and our lo and hi are the same,
+			 * there can be nothing but this single key
+			 * in between). So we can stop the search.
+			 * Either one of these entries is it (and
+			 * we do not care which), or we do not have
+			 * it.
+			 *
+			 * Furthermore, we know that one of our
+			 * endpoints must be the edge of the run of
+			 * duplicates. For example, given this
+			 * sequence:
+			 *
+			 *     idx 0 1 2 3 4 5
+			 *     key A C C C C D
+			 *
+			 * If we are searching for "B", we might
+			 * hit the duplicate run at lo=1, hi=3
+			 * (e.g., by first mi=3, then mi=0). But we
+			 * can never have lo > 1, because B < C.
+			 * That is, if our key is less than the
+			 * run, we know that "lo" is the edge, but
+			 * we can say nothing of "hi". Similarly,
+			 * if our key is greater than the run, we
+			 * know that "hi" is the edge, but we can
+			 * say nothing of "lo".
+			 *
+			 * Therefore if we do not find it, we also
+			 * know where it would go if it did exist:
+			 * just on the far side of the edge that we
+			 * know about.
 			 */
+			if (ofs == 20) {
+				mi = lo;
+				mi_key = base + elem_size * mi + key_offset;
+				cmp = memcmp(mi_key, key, 20);
+				if (!cmp)
+					return mi;
+				if (cmp < 0)
+					return -1 - hi;
+				else
+					return -1 - lo;
+			}
+
 			hiv = hi_key[ofs_0];
 			if (ofs_0 < 19)
 				hiv = (hiv << 8) | hi_key[ofs_0+1];
diff --git a/sha1_file.c b/sha1_file.c
index f291f3f0f7..d5e11217f5 100644
--- a/sha1_file.c
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  * creation etc.
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "delta.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -19,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "pack-revindex.h"
 #include "sha1-lookup.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #ifndef O_NOATIME
 #if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__PPC__))
@@ -32,6 +36,7 @@
 static inline uintmax_t sz_fmt(size_t s) { return s; }
 
 const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
+const struct object_id null_oid;
 
 /*
  * This is meant to hold a *small* number of objects that you would
@@ -54,6 +59,14 @@ static struct cached_object empty_tree = {
 	0
 };
 
+/*
+ * A pointer to the last packed_git in which an object was found.
+ * When an object is sought, we look in this packfile first, because
+ * objects that are looked up at similar times are often in the same
+ * packfile as one another.
+ */
+static struct packed_git *last_found_pack;
+
 static struct cached_object *find_cached_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -97,45 +110,63 @@ int mkdir_in_gitdir(const char *path)
 	return adjust_shared_perm(path);
 }
 
-int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
+enum scld_error safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
 {
-	char *pos = path + offset_1st_component(path);
-	struct stat st;
+	char *next_component = path + offset_1st_component(path);
+	enum scld_error ret = SCLD_OK;
+
+	while (ret == SCLD_OK && next_component) {
+		struct stat st;
+		char *slash = next_component, slash_character;
 
-	while (pos) {
-		pos = strchr(pos, '/');
-		if (!pos)
+		while (*slash && !is_dir_sep(*slash))
+			slash++;
+
+		if (!*slash)
 			break;
-		while (*++pos == '/')
-			;
-		if (!*pos)
+
+		next_component = slash + 1;
+		while (is_dir_sep(*next_component))
+			next_component++;
+		if (!*next_component)
 			break;
-		*--pos = '\0';
+
+		slash_character = *slash;
+		*slash = '\0';
 		if (!stat(path, &st)) {
 			/* path exists */
-			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-				*pos = '/';
-				return -3;
-			}
+			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+				ret = SCLD_EXISTS;
+		} else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
+			if (errno == EEXIST &&
+			    !stat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+				; /* somebody created it since we checked */
+			else if (errno == ENOENT)
+				/*
+				 * Either mkdir() failed because
+				 * somebody just pruned the containing
+				 * directory, or stat() failed because
+				 * the file that was in our way was
+				 * just removed.  Either way, inform
+				 * the caller that it might be worth
+				 * trying again:
+				 */
+				ret = SCLD_VANISHED;
+			else
+				ret = SCLD_FAILED;
+		} else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
+			ret = SCLD_PERMS;
 		}
-		else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
-			*pos = '/';
-			return -1;
-		}
-		else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
-			*pos = '/';
-			return -2;
-		}
-		*pos++ = '/';
+		*slash = slash_character;
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path)
+enum scld_error safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path)
 {
 	/* path points to cache entries, so xstrdup before messing with it */
 	char *buf = xstrdup(path);
-	int result = safe_create_leading_directories(buf);
+	enum scld_error result = safe_create_leading_directories(buf);
 	free(buf);
 	return result;
 }
@@ -152,17 +183,7 @@ static void fill_sha1_path(char *pathbuf, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * NOTE! This returns a statically allocated buffer, so you have to be
- * careful about using it. Do an "xstrdup()" if you need to save the
- * filename.
- *
- * Also note that this returns the location for creating.  Reading
- * SHA1 file can happen from any alternate directory listed in the
- * DB_ENVIRONMENT environment variable if it is not found in
- * the primary object database.
- */
-char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
+const char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *objdir;
@@ -182,53 +203,36 @@ char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return buf;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return the name of the pack or index file with the specified sha1
+ * in its filename.  *base and *name are scratch space that must be
+ * provided by the caller.  which should be "pack" or "idx".
+ */
 static char *sha1_get_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1,
-				char **name, char **base, const char *which)
+				struct strbuf *buf,
+				const char *which)
 {
-	static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
-	char *buf;
-	int i;
-
-	if (!*base) {
-		const char *sha1_file_directory = get_object_directory();
-		int len = strlen(sha1_file_directory);
-		*base = xmalloc(len + 60);
-		sprintf(*base, "%s/pack/pack-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890.%s",
-			sha1_file_directory, which);
-		*name = *base + len + 11;
-	}
-
-	buf = *name;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
-		unsigned int val = *sha1++;
-		*buf++ = hex[val >> 4];
-		*buf++ = hex[val & 0xf];
-	}
-
-	return *base;
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s/pack/pack-%s.%s", get_object_directory(),
+		    sha1_to_hex(sha1), which);
+	return buf->buf;
 }
 
 char *sha1_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	static char *name, *base;
-
-	return sha1_get_pack_name(sha1, &name, &base, "pack");
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	return sha1_get_pack_name(sha1, &buf, "pack");
 }
 
 char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	static char *name, *base;
-
-	return sha1_get_pack_name(sha1, &name, &base, "idx");
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	return sha1_get_pack_name(sha1, &buf, "idx");
 }
 
 struct alternate_object_database *alt_odb_list;
 static struct alternate_object_database **alt_odb_tail;
 
-static void read_info_alternates(const char * alternates, int depth);
-static int git_open_noatime(const char *name);
-
 /*
  * Prepare alternate object database registry.
  *
@@ -244,19 +248,19 @@ static int git_open_noatime(const char *name);
  * SHA1, an extra slash for the first level indirection, and the
  * terminating NUL.
  */
-static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative_base, int depth)
+static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char *entry, const char *relative_base,
+	int depth, const char *normalized_objdir)
 {
-	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 	struct alternate_object_database *ent;
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
-	int pfxlen, entlen;
+	size_t pfxlen, entlen;
 	struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && relative_base) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, real_path(relative_base));
 		strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, '/');
 	}
-	strbuf_add(&pathbuf, entry, len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, entry);
 
 	normalize_path_copy(pathbuf.buf, pathbuf.buf);
 
@@ -269,8 +273,8 @@ static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative
 	while (pfxlen && pathbuf.buf[pfxlen-1] == '/')
 		pfxlen -= 1;
 
-	entlen = pfxlen + 43; /* '/' + 2 hex + '/' + 38 hex + NUL */
-	ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + entlen);
+	entlen = st_add(pfxlen, 43); /* '/' + 2 hex + '/' + 38 hex + NUL */
+	ent = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(*ent), entlen));
 	memcpy(ent->base, pathbuf.buf, pfxlen);
 	strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 
@@ -291,12 +295,13 @@ static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative
 	 * thing twice, or object directory itself.
 	 */
 	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
-		if (!memcmp(ent->base, alt->base, pfxlen)) {
+		if (pfxlen == alt->name - alt->base - 1 &&
+		    !memcmp(ent->base, alt->base, pfxlen)) {
 			free(ent);
 			return -1;
 		}
 	}
-	if (!memcmp(ent->base, objdir, pfxlen)) {
+	if (!fspathcmp(ent->base, normalized_objdir)) {
 		free(ent);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -314,10 +319,13 @@ static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
+static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, int len, int sep,
 				 const char *relative_base, int depth)
 {
-	const char *cp, *last;
+	struct string_list entries = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	char *alt_copy;
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf objdirbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (depth > 5) {
 		error("%s: ignoring alternate object stores, nesting too deep.",
@@ -325,46 +333,38 @@ static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	last = alt;
-	while (last < ep) {
-		cp = last;
-		if (cp < ep && *cp == '#') {
-			while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-				cp++;
-			last = cp + 1;
+	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&objdirbuf, get_object_directory());
+	normalize_path_copy(objdirbuf.buf, objdirbuf.buf);
+
+	alt_copy = xmemdupz(alt, len);
+	string_list_split_in_place(&entries, alt_copy, sep, -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < entries.nr; i++) {
+		const char *entry = entries.items[i].string;
+		if (entry[0] == '\0' || entry[0] == '#')
 			continue;
+		if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && depth) {
+			error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
+					relative_base, entry);
+		} else {
+			link_alt_odb_entry(entry, relative_base, depth, objdirbuf.buf);
 		}
-		while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-			cp++;
-		if (last != cp) {
-			if (!is_absolute_path(last) && depth) {
-				error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
-						relative_base, last);
-			} else {
-				link_alt_odb_entry(last, cp - last,
-						relative_base, depth);
-			}
-		}
-		while (cp < ep && *cp == sep)
-			cp++;
-		last = cp;
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&entries, 0);
+	free(alt_copy);
+	strbuf_release(&objdirbuf);
 }
 
-static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
+void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
 {
 	char *map;
 	size_t mapsz;
 	struct stat st;
-	const char alt_file_name[] = "info/alternates";
-	/* Given that relative_base is no longer than PATH_MAX,
-	   ensure that "path" has enough space to append "/", the
-	   file name, "info/alternates", and a trailing NUL.  */
-	char path[PATH_MAX + 1 + sizeof alt_file_name];
+	char *path;
 	int fd;
 
-	sprintf(path, "%s/%s", relative_base, alt_file_name);
+	path = xstrfmt("%s/info/alternates", relative_base);
 	fd = git_open_noatime(path);
+	free(path);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		return;
 	if (fstat(fd, &st) || (st.st_size == 0)) {
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
 	map = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	close(fd);
 
-	link_alt_odb_entries(map, map + mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
+	link_alt_odb_entries(map, mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
 
 	munmap(map, mapsz);
 }
@@ -383,23 +383,60 @@ static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
 void add_to_alternates_file(const char *reference)
 {
 	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	int fd = hold_lock_file_for_append(lock, git_path("objects/info/alternates"), LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-	char *alt = mkpath("%s\n", reference);
-	write_or_die(fd, alt, strlen(alt));
-	if (commit_lock_file(lock))
-		die("could not close alternates file");
-	if (alt_odb_tail)
-		link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
+	char *alts = git_pathdup("objects/info/alternates");
+	FILE *in, *out;
+
+	hold_lock_file_for_update(lock, alts, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	out = fdopen_lock_file(lock, "w");
+	if (!out)
+		die_errno("unable to fdopen alternates lockfile");
+
+	in = fopen(alts, "r");
+	if (in) {
+		struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int found = 0;
+
+		while (strbuf_getline(&line, in) != EOF) {
+			if (!strcmp(reference, line.buf)) {
+				found = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			fprintf_or_die(out, "%s\n", line.buf);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_release(&line);
+		fclose(in);
+
+		if (found) {
+			rollback_lock_file(lock);
+			lock = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	else if (errno != ENOENT)
+		die_errno("unable to read alternates file");
+
+	if (lock) {
+		fprintf_or_die(out, "%s\n", reference);
+		if (commit_lock_file(lock))
+			die_errno("unable to move new alternates file into place");
+		if (alt_odb_tail)
+			link_alt_odb_entries(reference, strlen(reference), '\n', NULL, 0);
+	}
+	free(alts);
 }
 
-void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn fn, void *cb)
+int foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn fn, void *cb)
 {
 	struct alternate_object_database *ent;
+	int r = 0;
 
 	prepare_alt_odb();
-	for (ent = alt_odb_list; ent; ent = ent->next)
-		if (fn(ent, cb))
-			return;
+	for (ent = alt_odb_list; ent; ent = ent->next) {
+		r = fn(ent, cb);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+	return r;
 }
 
 void prepare_alt_odb(void)
@@ -413,33 +450,66 @@ void prepare_alt_odb(void)
 	if (!alt) alt = "";
 
 	alt_odb_tail = &alt_odb_list;
-	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
+	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
 
 	read_info_alternates(get_object_directory(), 0);
 }
 
-static int has_loose_object_local(const unsigned char *sha1)
+/* Returns 1 if we have successfully freshened the file, 0 otherwise. */
+static int freshen_file(const char *fn)
 {
-	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
-	return !access(name, F_OK);
+	struct utimbuf t;
+	t.actime = t.modtime = time(NULL);
+	return !utime(fn, &t);
 }
 
-int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
+/*
+ * All of the check_and_freshen functions return 1 if the file exists and was
+ * freshened (if freshening was requested), 0 otherwise. If they return
+ * 0, you should not assume that it is safe to skip a write of the object (it
+ * either does not exist on disk, or has a stale mtime and may be subject to
+ * pruning).
+ */
+static int check_and_freshen_file(const char *fn, int freshen)
+{
+	if (access(fn, F_OK))
+		return 0;
+	if (freshen && !freshen_file(fn))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int check_and_freshen_local(const unsigned char *sha1, int freshen)
+{
+	return check_and_freshen_file(sha1_file_name(sha1), freshen);
+}
+
+static int check_and_freshen_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1, int freshen)
 {
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 	prepare_alt_odb();
 	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
 		fill_sha1_path(alt->name, sha1);
-		if (!access(alt->base, F_OK))
+		if (check_and_freshen_file(alt->base, freshen))
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int check_and_freshen(const unsigned char *sha1, int freshen)
+{
+	return check_and_freshen_local(sha1, freshen) ||
+	       check_and_freshen_nonlocal(sha1, freshen);
+}
+
+int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return check_and_freshen_nonlocal(sha1, 0);
+}
+
 static int has_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	return has_loose_object_local(sha1) ||
-	       has_loose_object_nonlocal(sha1);
+	return check_and_freshen(sha1, 0);
 }
 
 static unsigned int pack_used_ctr;
@@ -473,7 +543,12 @@ void pack_report(void)
 		sz_fmt(pack_mapped), sz_fmt(peak_pack_mapped));
 }
 
-static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path,  struct packed_git *p)
+/*
+ * Open and mmap the index file at path, perform a couple of
+ * consistency checks, then record its information to p.  Return 0 on
+ * success.
+ */
+static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path, struct packed_git *p)
 {
 	void *idx_map;
 	struct pack_idx_header *hdr;
@@ -578,13 +653,15 @@ static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path,  struct packed_git *p)
 int open_pack_index(struct packed_git *p)
 {
 	char *idx_name;
+	size_t len;
 	int ret;
 
 	if (p->index_data)
 		return 0;
 
-	idx_name = xstrdup(p->pack_name);
-	strcpy(idx_name + strlen(idx_name) - strlen(".pack"), ".idx");
+	if (!strip_suffix(p->pack_name, ".pack", &len))
+		die("BUG: pack_name does not end in .pack");
+	idx_name = xstrfmt("%.*s.idx", (int)len, p->pack_name);
 	ret = check_packed_git_idx(idx_name, p);
 	free(idx_name);
 	return ret;
@@ -609,7 +686,7 @@ static void scan_windows(struct packed_git *p,
 	}
 }
 
-static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
+static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
 	struct pack_window *lru_w = NULL, *lru_l = NULL;
@@ -623,15 +700,8 @@ static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
 		pack_mapped -= lru_w->len;
 		if (lru_l)
 			lru_l->next = lru_w->next;
-		else {
+		else
 			lru_p->windows = lru_w->next;
-			if (!lru_p->windows && lru_p->pack_fd != -1
-				&& lru_p->pack_fd != keep_fd) {
-				close(lru_p->pack_fd);
-				pack_open_fds--;
-				lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
-			}
-		}
 		free(lru_w);
 		pack_open_windows--;
 		return 1;
@@ -639,28 +709,51 @@ static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void release_pack_memory(size_t need, int fd)
+void release_pack_memory(size_t need)
 {
 	size_t cur = pack_mapped;
-	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL, fd))
+	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL))
 		; /* nothing */
 }
 
-void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
-	int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+static void mmap_limit_check(size_t length)
 {
-	void *ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+	static size_t limit = 0;
+	if (!limit) {
+		limit = git_env_ulong("GIT_MMAP_LIMIT", 0);
+		if (!limit)
+			limit = SIZE_MAX;
+	}
+	if (length > limit)
+		die("attempting to mmap %"PRIuMAX" over limit %"PRIuMAX,
+		    (uintmax_t)length, (uintmax_t)limit);
+}
+
+void *xmmap_gently(void *start, size_t length,
+		  int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+{
+	void *ret;
+
+	mmap_limit_check(length);
+	ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
 	if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
 		if (!length)
 			return NULL;
-		release_pack_memory(length, fd);
+		release_pack_memory(length);
 		ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
-		if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
-			die_errno("Out of memory? mmap failed");
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
+	int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+{
+	void *ret = xmmap_gently(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+	if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
+		die_errno("mmap failed");
+	return ret;
+}
+
 void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *p)
 {
 	while (p->windows) {
@@ -677,6 +770,110 @@ void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *p)
 	}
 }
 
+static int close_pack_fd(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	if (p->pack_fd < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	close(p->pack_fd);
+	pack_open_fds--;
+	p->pack_fd = -1;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void close_pack(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	close_pack_windows(p);
+	close_pack_fd(p);
+	close_pack_index(p);
+}
+
+void close_all_packs(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
+		if (p->do_not_close)
+			die("BUG! Want to close pack marked 'do-not-close'");
+		else
+			close_pack(p);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * The LRU pack is the one with the oldest MRU window, preferring packs
+ * with no used windows, or the oldest mtime if it has no windows allocated.
+ */
+static void find_lru_pack(struct packed_git *p, struct packed_git **lru_p, struct pack_window **mru_w, int *accept_windows_inuse)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w, *this_mru_w;
+	int has_windows_inuse = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Reject this pack if it has windows and the previously selected
+	 * one does not.  If this pack does not have windows, reject
+	 * it if the pack file is newer than the previously selected one.
+	 */
+	if (*lru_p && !*mru_w && (p->windows || p->mtime > (*lru_p)->mtime))
+		return;
+
+	for (w = this_mru_w = p->windows; w; w = w->next) {
+		/*
+		 * Reject this pack if any of its windows are in use,
+		 * but the previously selected pack did not have any
+		 * inuse windows.  Otherwise, record that this pack
+		 * has windows in use.
+		 */
+		if (w->inuse_cnt) {
+			if (*accept_windows_inuse)
+				has_windows_inuse = 1;
+			else
+				return;
+		}
+
+		if (w->last_used > this_mru_w->last_used)
+			this_mru_w = w;
+
+		/*
+		 * Reject this pack if it has windows that have been
+		 * used more recently than the previously selected pack.
+		 * If the previously selected pack had windows inuse and
+		 * we have not encountered a window in this pack that is
+		 * inuse, skip this check since we prefer a pack with no
+		 * inuse windows to one that has inuse windows.
+		 */
+		if (*mru_w && *accept_windows_inuse == has_windows_inuse &&
+		    this_mru_w->last_used > (*mru_w)->last_used)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Select this pack.
+	 */
+	*mru_w = this_mru_w;
+	*lru_p = p;
+	*accept_windows_inuse = has_windows_inuse;
+}
+
+static int close_one_pack(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
+	struct pack_window *mru_w = NULL;
+	int accept_windows_inuse = 1;
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->pack_fd == -1)
+			continue;
+		find_lru_pack(p, &lru_p, &mru_w, &accept_windows_inuse);
+	}
+
+	if (lru_p)
+		return close_pack_fd(lru_p);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **w_cursor)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w = *w_cursor;
@@ -699,7 +896,7 @@ void close_pack_index(struct packed_git *p)
  * contain the same set of objects as an existing one.  In that case
  * the resulting file might be different even if its name would be the
  * same.  It is best to close any reference to the old pack before it is
- * replaced on disk.  Of course no index pointers nor windows for given pack
+ * replaced on disk.  Of course no index pointers or windows for given pack
  * must subsist at this point.  If ever objects from this pack are requested
  * again, the new version of the pack will be reinitialized through
  * reprepare_packed_git().
@@ -712,14 +909,11 @@ void free_pack_by_name(const char *pack_name)
 		p = *pp;
 		if (strcmp(pack_name, p->pack_name) == 0) {
 			clear_delta_base_cache();
-			close_pack_windows(p);
-			if (p->pack_fd != -1) {
-				close(p->pack_fd);
-				pack_open_fds--;
-			}
-			close_pack_index(p);
+			close_pack(p);
 			free(p->bad_object_sha1);
 			*pp = p->next;
+			if (last_found_pack == p)
+				last_found_pack = NULL;
 			free(p);
 			return;
 		}
@@ -727,6 +921,47 @@ void free_pack_by_name(const char *pack_name)
 	}
 }
 
+static unsigned int get_max_fd_limit(void)
+{
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
+	{
+		struct rlimit lim;
+
+		if (!getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
+			return lim.rlim_cur;
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_OPEN_MAX
+	{
+		long open_max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
+		if (0 < open_max)
+			return open_max;
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we got -1 for one of the two
+		 * reasons:
+		 *
+		 * (1) sysconf() did not understand _SC_OPEN_MAX
+		 *     and signaled an error with -1; or
+		 * (2) sysconf() said there is no limit.
+		 *
+		 * We _could_ clear errno before calling sysconf() to
+		 * tell these two cases apart and return a huge number
+		 * in the latter case to let the caller cap it to a
+		 * value that is not so selfish, but letting the
+		 * fallback OPEN_MAX codepath take care of these cases
+		 * is a lot simpler.
+		 */
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef OPEN_MAX
+	return OPEN_MAX;
+#else
+	return 1; /* see the caller ;-) */
+#endif
+}
+
 /*
  * Do not call this directly as this leaks p->pack_fd on error return;
  * call open_packed_git() instead.
@@ -743,13 +978,7 @@ static int open_packed_git_1(struct packed_git *p)
 		return error("packfile %s index unavailable", p->pack_name);
 
 	if (!pack_max_fds) {
-		struct rlimit lim;
-		unsigned int max_fds;
-
-		if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
-			die_errno("cannot get RLIMIT_NOFILE");
-
-		max_fds = lim.rlim_cur;
+		unsigned int max_fds = get_max_fd_limit();
 
 		/* Save 3 for stdin/stdout/stderr, 22 for work */
 		if (25 < max_fds)
@@ -758,7 +987,7 @@ static int open_packed_git_1(struct packed_git *p)
 			pack_max_fds = 1;
 	}
 
-	while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && unuse_one_window(NULL, -1))
+	while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && close_one_pack())
 		; /* nothing */
 
 	p->pack_fd = git_open_noatime(p->pack_name);
@@ -814,11 +1043,7 @@ static int open_packed_git(struct packed_git *p)
 {
 	if (!open_packed_git_1(p))
 		return 0;
-	if (p->pack_fd != -1) {
-		close(p->pack_fd);
-		pack_open_fds--;
-		p->pack_fd = -1;
-	}
+	close_pack_fd(p);
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -851,6 +1076,8 @@ unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
 		die("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
 	if (offset > (p->pack_size - 20))
 		die("offset beyond end of packfile (truncated pack?)");
+	if (offset < 0)
+		die(_("offset before end of packfile (broken .idx?)"));
 
 	if (!win || !in_window(win, offset)) {
 		if (win)
@@ -874,21 +1101,17 @@ unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
 			win->len = (size_t)len;
 			pack_mapped += win->len;
 			while (packed_git_limit < pack_mapped
-				&& unuse_one_window(p, p->pack_fd))
+				&& unuse_one_window(p))
 				; /* nothing */
 			win->base = xmmap(NULL, win->len,
 				PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE,
 				p->pack_fd, win->offset);
 			if (win->base == MAP_FAILED)
-				die("packfile %s cannot be mapped: %s",
-					p->pack_name,
-					strerror(errno));
+				die_errno("packfile %s cannot be mapped",
+					  p->pack_name);
 			if (!win->offset && win->len == p->pack_size
-				&& !p->do_not_close) {
-				close(p->pack_fd);
-				pack_open_fds--;
-				p->pack_fd = -1;
-			}
+				&& !p->do_not_close)
+				close_pack_fd(p);
 			pack_mmap_calls++;
 			pack_open_windows++;
 			if (pack_mapped > peak_pack_mapped)
@@ -912,7 +1135,7 @@ unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
 
 static struct packed_git *alloc_packed_git(int extra)
 {
-	struct packed_git *p = xmalloc(sizeof(*p) + extra);
+	struct packed_git *p = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(*p), extra));
 	memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
 	p->pack_fd = -1;
 	return p;
@@ -920,14 +1143,15 @@ static struct packed_git *alloc_packed_git(int extra)
 
 static void try_to_free_pack_memory(size_t size)
 {
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+	release_pack_memory(size);
 }
 
-struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
+struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, size_t path_len, int local)
 {
 	static int have_set_try_to_free_routine;
 	struct stat st;
-	struct packed_git *p = alloc_packed_git(path_len + 2);
+	size_t alloc;
+	struct packed_git *p;
 
 	if (!have_set_try_to_free_routine) {
 		have_set_try_to_free_routine = 1;
@@ -938,18 +1162,22 @@ struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
 	 * Make sure a corresponding .pack file exists and that
 	 * the index looks sane.
 	 */
-	path_len -= strlen(".idx");
-	if (path_len < 1) {
-		free(p);
+	if (!strip_suffix_mem(path, &path_len, ".idx"))
 		return NULL;
-	}
+
+	/*
+	 * ".pack" is long enough to hold any suffix we're adding (and
+	 * the use xsnprintf double-checks that)
+	 */
+	alloc = st_add3(path_len, strlen(".pack"), 1);
+	p = alloc_packed_git(alloc);
 	memcpy(p->pack_name, path, path_len);
 
-	strcpy(p->pack_name + path_len, ".keep");
+	xsnprintf(p->pack_name + path_len, alloc - path_len, ".keep");
 	if (!access(p->pack_name, F_OK))
 		p->pack_keep = 1;
 
-	strcpy(p->pack_name + path_len, ".pack");
+	xsnprintf(p->pack_name + path_len, alloc - path_len, ".pack");
 	if (stat(p->pack_name, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 		free(p);
 		return NULL;
@@ -969,9 +1197,10 @@ struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
 struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *idx_path)
 {
 	const char *path = sha1_pack_name(sha1);
-	struct packed_git *p = alloc_packed_git(strlen(path) + 1);
+	size_t alloc = st_add(strlen(path), 1);
+	struct packed_git *p = alloc_packed_git(alloc);
 
-	strcpy(p->pack_name, path);
+	memcpy(p->pack_name, path, alloc); /* includes NUL */
 	hashcpy(p->sha1, sha1);
 	if (check_packed_git_idx(idx_path, p)) {
 		free(p);
@@ -990,53 +1219,116 @@ void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack)
 	packed_git = pack;
 }
 
+void (*report_garbage)(unsigned seen_bits, const char *path);
+
+static void report_helper(const struct string_list *list,
+			  int seen_bits, int first, int last)
+{
+	if (seen_bits == (PACKDIR_FILE_PACK|PACKDIR_FILE_IDX))
+		return;
+
+	for (; first < last; first++)
+		report_garbage(seen_bits, list->items[first].string);
+}
+
+static void report_pack_garbage(struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i, baselen = -1, first = 0, seen_bits = 0;
+
+	if (!report_garbage)
+		return;
+
+	string_list_sort(list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = list->items[i].string;
+		if (baselen != -1 &&
+		    strncmp(path, list->items[first].string, baselen)) {
+			report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, i);
+			baselen = -1;
+			seen_bits = 0;
+		}
+		if (baselen == -1) {
+			const char *dot = strrchr(path, '.');
+			if (!dot) {
+				report_garbage(PACKDIR_FILE_GARBAGE, path);
+				continue;
+			}
+			baselen = dot - path + 1;
+			first = i;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "pack"))
+			seen_bits |= 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "idx"))
+			seen_bits |= 2;
+	}
+	report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, list->nr);
+}
+
 static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
 {
-	/* Ensure that this buffer is large enough so that we can
-	   append "/pack/" without clobbering the stack even if
-	   strlen(objdir) were PATH_MAX.  */
-	char path[PATH_MAX + 1 + 4 + 1 + 1];
-	int len;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t dirnamelen;
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *de;
+	struct string_list garbage = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
-	sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
-	len = strlen(path);
-	dir = opendir(path);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, objdir);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, "/pack");
+	dir = opendir(path.buf);
 	if (!dir) {
 		if (errno != ENOENT)
-			error("unable to open object pack directory: %s: %s",
-			      path, strerror(errno));
+			error_errno("unable to open object pack directory: %s",
+				    path.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&path);
 		return;
 	}
-	path[len++] = '/';
+	strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+	dirnamelen = path.len;
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		int namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
 		struct packed_git *p;
+		size_t base_len;
 
-		if (!has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx"))
-			continue;
-
-		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path))
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
 			continue;
 
-		/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
-		strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
-		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
-			if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
-				break;
+		strbuf_setlen(&path, dirnamelen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, de->d_name);
+
+		base_len = path.len;
+		if (strip_suffix_mem(path.buf, &base_len, ".idx")) {
+			/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
+			for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+				size_t len;
+				if (strip_suffix(p->pack_name, ".pack", &len) &&
+				    len == base_len &&
+				    !memcmp(p->pack_name, path.buf, len))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (p == NULL &&
+			    /*
+			     * See if it really is a valid .idx file with
+			     * corresponding .pack file that we can map.
+			     */
+			    (p = add_packed_git(path.buf, path.len, local)) != NULL)
+				install_packed_git(p);
 		}
-		if (p)
-			continue;
-		/* See if it really is a valid .idx file with corresponding
-		 * .pack file that we can map.
-		 */
-		p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local);
-		if (!p)
+
+		if (!report_garbage)
 			continue;
-		install_packed_git(p);
+
+		if (ends_with(de->d_name, ".idx") ||
+		    ends_with(de->d_name, ".pack") ||
+		    ends_with(de->d_name, ".bitmap") ||
+		    ends_with(de->d_name, ".keep"))
+			string_list_append(&garbage, path.buf);
+		else
+			report_garbage(PACKDIR_FILE_GARBAGE, path.buf);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
+	report_pack_garbage(&garbage);
+	string_list_clear(&garbage, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
 }
 
 static int sort_pack(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -1113,7 +1405,6 @@ void prepare_packed_git(void)
 
 void reprepare_packed_git(void)
 {
-	discard_revindex();
 	prepare_packed_git_run_once = 0;
 	prepare_packed_git();
 }
@@ -1123,10 +1414,12 @@ static void mark_bad_packed_object(struct packed_git *p,
 {
 	unsigned i;
 	for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
-		if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ * i))
 			return;
-	p->bad_object_sha1 = xrealloc(p->bad_object_sha1, 20 * (p->num_bad_objects + 1));
-	hashcpy(p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * p->num_bad_objects, sha1);
+	p->bad_object_sha1 = xrealloc(p->bad_object_sha1,
+				      st_mult(GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ,
+					      st_add(p->num_bad_objects, 1)));
+	hashcpy(p->bad_object_sha1 + GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ * p->num_bad_objects, sha1);
 	p->num_bad_objects++;
 }
 
@@ -1142,19 +1435,63 @@ static const struct packed_git *has_packed_and_bad(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map, unsigned long size, const char *type)
+/*
+ * With an in-core object data in "map", rehash it to make sure the
+ * object name actually matches "sha1" to detect object corruption.
+ * With "map" == NULL, try reading the object named with "sha1" using
+ * the streaming interface and rehash it to do the same.
+ */
+int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map,
+			 unsigned long size, const char *type)
 {
 	unsigned char real_sha1[20];
-	hash_sha1_file(map, size, type, real_sha1);
+	enum object_type obj_type;
+	struct git_istream *st;
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	char hdr[32];
+	int hdrlen;
+
+	if (map) {
+		hash_sha1_file(map, size, type, real_sha1);
+		return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
+	}
+
+	st = open_istream(sha1, &obj_type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!st)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Generate the header */
+	hdrlen = xsnprintf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), "%s %lu", typename(obj_type), size) + 1;
+
+	/* Sha1.. */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
+	for (;;) {
+		char buf[1024 * 16];
+		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+		if (readlen < 0) {
+			close_istream(st);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!readlen)
+			break;
+		git_SHA1_Update(&c, buf, readlen);
+	}
+	git_SHA1_Final(real_sha1, &c);
+	close_istream(st);
 	return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
+int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
 {
 	static int sha1_file_open_flag = O_NOATIME;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY | sha1_file_open_flag);
+		int fd;
+
+		errno = 0;
+		fd = open(name, O_RDONLY | sha1_file_open_flag);
 		if (fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
 
@@ -1168,25 +1505,45 @@ static int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
 	}
 }
 
+static int stat_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, struct stat *st)
+{
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+
+	if (!lstat(sha1_file_name(sha1), st))
+		return 0;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		fill_sha1_path(alt->name, sha1);
+		if (!lstat(alt->base, st))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int open_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int fd;
-	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+	int most_interesting_errno;
 
-	fd = git_open_noatime(name);
+	fd = git_open_noatime(sha1_file_name(sha1));
 	if (fd >= 0)
 		return fd;
+	most_interesting_errno = errno;
 
 	prepare_alt_odb();
-	errno = ENOENT;
 	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
-		name = alt->name;
-		fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
+		fill_sha1_path(alt->name, sha1);
 		fd = git_open_noatime(alt->base);
 		if (fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
+		if (most_interesting_errno == ENOENT)
+			most_interesting_errno = errno;
 	}
+	errno = most_interesting_errno;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -1202,6 +1559,11 @@ void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
 
 		if (!fstat(fd, &st)) {
 			*size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+			if (!*size) {
+				/* mmap() is forbidden on empty files */
+				error("object file %s is empty", sha1_file_name(sha1));
+				return NULL;
+			}
 			map = xmmap(NULL, *size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 		}
 		close(fd);
@@ -1209,51 +1571,6 @@ void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
 	return map;
 }
 
-/*
- * There used to be a second loose object header format which
- * was meant to mimic the in-pack format, allowing for direct
- * copy of the object data.  This format turned up not to be
- * really worth it and we no longer write loose objects in that
- * format.
- */
-static int experimental_loose_object(unsigned char *map)
-{
-	unsigned int word;
-
-	/*
-	 * We must determine if the buffer contains the standard
-	 * zlib-deflated stream or the experimental format based
-	 * on the in-pack object format. Compare the header byte
-	 * for each format:
-	 *
-	 * RFC1950 zlib w/ deflate : 0www1000 : 0 <= www <= 7
-	 * Experimental pack-based : Stttssss : ttt = 1,2,3,4
-	 *
-	 * If bit 7 is clear and bits 0-3 equal 8, the buffer MUST be
-	 * in standard loose-object format, UNLESS it is a Git-pack
-	 * format object *exactly* 8 bytes in size when inflated.
-	 *
-	 * However, RFC1950 also specifies that the 1st 16-bit word
-	 * must be divisible by 31 - this checksum tells us our buffer
-	 * is in the standard format, giving a false positive only if
-	 * the 1st word of the Git-pack format object happens to be
-	 * divisible by 31, ie:
-	 *      ((byte0 * 256) + byte1) % 31 = 0
-	 *   =>        0ttt10000www1000 % 31 = 0
-	 *
-	 * As it happens, this case can only arise for www=3 & ttt=1
-	 * - ie, a Commit object, which would have to be 8 bytes in
-	 * size. As no Commit can be that small, we find that the
-	 * combination of these two criteria (bitmask & checksum)
-	 * can always correctly determine the buffer format.
-	 */
-	word = (map[0] << 8) + map[1];
-	if ((map[0] & 0x8F) == 0x08 && !(word % 31))
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
-}
-
 unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf,
 		unsigned long len, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
 {
@@ -1281,14 +1598,6 @@ unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf,
 
 int unpack_sha1_header(git_zstream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer, unsigned long bufsiz)
 {
-	unsigned long size, used;
-	static const char valid_loose_object_type[8] = {
-		0, /* OBJ_EXT */
-		1, 1, 1, 1, /* "commit", "tree", "blob", "tag" */
-		0, /* "delta" and others are invalid in a loose object */
-	};
-	enum object_type type;
-
 	/* Get the data stream */
 	memset(stream, 0, sizeof(*stream));
 	stream->next_in = map;
@@ -1296,29 +1605,42 @@ int unpack_sha1_header(git_zstream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long ma
 	stream->next_out = buffer;
 	stream->avail_out = bufsiz;
 
-	if (experimental_loose_object(map)) {
-		/*
-		 * The old experimental format we no longer produce;
-		 * we can still read it.
-		 */
-		used = unpack_object_header_buffer(map, mapsize, &type, &size);
-		if (!used || !valid_loose_object_type[type])
-			return -1;
-		map += used;
-		mapsize -= used;
+	git_inflate_init(stream);
+	return git_inflate(stream, 0);
+}
+
+static int unpack_sha1_header_to_strbuf(git_zstream *stream, unsigned char *map,
+					unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer,
+					unsigned long bufsiz, struct strbuf *header)
+{
+	int status;
 
-		/* Set up the stream for the rest.. */
-		stream->next_in = map;
-		stream->avail_in = mapsize;
-		git_inflate_init(stream);
+	status = unpack_sha1_header(stream, map, mapsize, buffer, bufsiz);
 
-		/* And generate the fake traditional header */
-		stream->total_out = 1 + snprintf(buffer, bufsiz, "%s %lu",
-						 typename(type), size);
+	/*
+	 * Check if entire header is unpacked in the first iteration.
+	 */
+	if (memchr(buffer, '\0', stream->next_out - (unsigned char *)buffer))
 		return 0;
-	}
-	git_inflate_init(stream);
-	return git_inflate(stream, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * buffer[0..bufsiz] was not large enough.  Copy the partial
+	 * result out to header, and then append the result of further
+	 * reading the stream.
+	 */
+	strbuf_add(header, buffer, stream->next_out - (unsigned char *)buffer);
+	stream->next_out = buffer;
+	stream->avail_out = bufsiz;
+
+	do {
+		status = git_inflate(stream, 0);
+		strbuf_add(header, buffer, stream->next_out - (unsigned char *)buffer);
+		if (memchr(buffer, '\0', stream->next_out - (unsigned char *)buffer))
+			return 0;
+		stream->next_out = buffer;
+		stream->avail_out = bufsiz;
+	} while (status != Z_STREAM_END);
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static void *unpack_sha1_rest(git_zstream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long size, const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -1371,27 +1693,38 @@ static void *unpack_sha1_rest(git_zstream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long s
  * too permissive for what we want to check. So do an anal
  * object header parse by hand.
  */
-int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep)
+static int parse_sha1_header_extended(const char *hdr, struct object_info *oi,
+			       unsigned int flags)
 {
-	char type[10];
-	int i;
+	const char *type_buf = hdr;
 	unsigned long size;
+	int type, type_len = 0;
 
 	/*
-	 * The type can be at most ten bytes (including the
-	 * terminating '\0' that we add), and is followed by
+	 * The type can be of any size but is followed by
 	 * a space.
 	 */
-	i = 0;
 	for (;;) {
 		char c = *hdr++;
 		if (c == ' ')
 			break;
-		type[i++] = c;
-		if (i >= sizeof(type))
-			return -1;
+		type_len++;
 	}
-	type[i] = 0;
+
+	type = type_from_string_gently(type_buf, type_len, 1);
+	if (oi->typename)
+		strbuf_add(oi->typename, type_buf, type_len);
+	/*
+	 * Set type to 0 if its an unknown object and
+	 * we're obtaining the type using '--allow-unkown-type'
+	 * option.
+	 */
+	if ((flags & LOOKUP_UNKNOWN_OBJECT) && (type < 0))
+		type = 0;
+	else if (type < 0)
+		die("invalid object type");
+	if (oi->typep)
+		*oi->typep = type;
 
 	/*
 	 * The length must follow immediately, and be in canonical
@@ -1409,12 +1742,24 @@ int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep)
 			size = size * 10 + c;
 		}
 	}
-	*sizep = size;
+
+	if (oi->sizep)
+		*oi->sizep = size;
 
 	/*
 	 * The length must be followed by a zero byte
 	 */
-	return *hdr ? -1 : type_from_string(type);
+	return *hdr ? -1 : type;
+}
+
+int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	struct object_info oi;
+
+	oi.sizep = sizep;
+	oi.typename = NULL;
+	oi.typep = NULL;
+	return parse_sha1_header_extended(hdr, &oi, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT);
 }
 
 static void *unpack_sha1_file(void *map, unsigned long mapsize, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size, const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -1508,48 +1853,36 @@ static off_t get_delta_base(struct packed_git *p,
 	return base_offset;
 }
 
-/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype);
+/*
+ * Like get_delta_base above, but we return the sha1 instead of the pack
+ * offset. This means it is cheaper for REF deltas (we do not have to do
+ * the final object lookup), but more expensive for OFS deltas (we
+ * have to load the revidx to convert the offset back into a sha1).
+ */
+static const unsigned char *get_delta_base_sha1(struct packed_git *p,
+						struct pack_window **w_curs,
+						off_t curpos,
+						enum object_type type,
+						off_t delta_obj_offset)
+{
+	if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		unsigned char *base = use_pack(p, w_curs, curpos, NULL);
+		return base;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+		off_t base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos,
+						   type, delta_obj_offset);
 
-static int packed_delta_info(struct packed_git *p,
-			     struct pack_window **w_curs,
-			     off_t curpos,
-			     enum object_type type,
-			     off_t obj_offset,
-			     unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	off_t base_offset;
+		if (!base_offset)
+			return NULL;
 
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset)
-		return OBJ_BAD;
-	type = packed_object_info(p, base_offset, NULL, NULL);
-	if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
 		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
 		if (!revidx)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		type = sha1_object_info(base_sha1, NULL);
-		if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-	}
-
-	/* We choose to only get the type of the base object and
-	 * ignore potentially corrupt pack file that expects the delta
-	 * based on a base with a wrong size.  This saves tons of
-	 * inflate() calls.
-	 */
-	if (sizep) {
-		*sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, w_curs, curpos);
-		if (*sizep == 0)
-			type = OBJ_BAD;
-	}
+			return NULL;
 
-	return type;
+		return nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+	} else
+		return NULL;
 }
 
 int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
@@ -1578,36 +1911,154 @@ int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
 	return type;
 }
 
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype)
+static int retry_bad_packed_offset(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
-	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
-	unsigned long size;
-	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	enum object_type type;
+	int type;
+	struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+	if (!revidx)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+	mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	return type;
+}
 
-	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
-	if (rtype)
-		*rtype = type; /* representation type */
+#define POI_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+
+static enum object_type packed_to_object_type(struct packed_git *p,
+					      off_t obj_offset,
+					      enum object_type type,
+					      struct pack_window **w_curs,
+					      off_t curpos)
+{
+	off_t small_poi_stack[POI_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	off_t *poi_stack = small_poi_stack;
+	int poi_stack_nr = 0, poi_stack_alloc = POI_STACK_PREALLOC;
+
+	while (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		unsigned long size;
+		/* Push the object we're going to leave behind */
+		if (poi_stack_nr >= poi_stack_alloc && poi_stack == small_poi_stack) {
+			poi_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(poi_stack_nr);
+			ALLOC_ARRAY(poi_stack, poi_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(poi_stack, small_poi_stack, sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(poi_stack, poi_stack_nr+1, poi_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		poi_stack[poi_stack_nr++] = obj_offset;
+		/* If parsing the base offset fails, just unwind */
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset)
+			goto unwind;
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
+			/* If getting the base itself fails, we first
+			 * retry the base, otherwise unwind */
+			type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, base_offset);
+			if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+				goto out;
+			goto unwind;
+		}
+	}
 
 	switch (type) {
-	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
-	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		type = packed_delta_info(p, &w_curs, curpos,
-					 type, obj_offset, sizep);
-		break;
+	case OBJ_BAD:
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		if (sizep)
-			*sizep = size;
 		break;
 	default:
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
 		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
 		type = OBJ_BAD;
 	}
+
+out:
+	if (poi_stack != small_poi_stack)
+		free(poi_stack);
+	return type;
+
+unwind:
+	while (poi_stack_nr) {
+		obj_offset = poi_stack[--poi_stack_nr];
+		type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, obj_offset);
+		if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	type = OBJ_BAD;
+	goto out;
+}
+
+static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
+			      struct object_info *oi)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	/*
+	 * We always get the representation type, but only convert it to
+	 * a "real" type later if the caller is interested.
+	 */
+	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+
+	if (oi->sizep) {
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			off_t tmp_pos = curpos;
+			off_t base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &tmp_pos,
+							   type, obj_offset);
+			if (!base_offset) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			*oi->sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, &w_curs, tmp_pos);
+			if (*oi->sizep == 0) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		} else {
+			*oi->sizep = size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oi->disk_sizep) {
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+		*oi->disk_sizep = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+	}
+
+	if (oi->typep) {
+		*oi->typep = packed_to_object_type(p, obj_offset, type, &w_curs, curpos);
+		if (*oi->typep < 0) {
+			type = OBJ_BAD;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oi->delta_base_sha1) {
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			const unsigned char *base;
+
+			base = get_delta_base_sha1(p, &w_curs, curpos,
+						   type, obj_offset);
+			if (!base) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			hashcpy(oi->delta_base_sha1, base);
+		} else
+			hashclr(oi->delta_base_sha1);
+	}
+
+out:
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	return type;
 }
@@ -1621,7 +2072,9 @@ static void *unpack_compressed_entry(struct packed_git *p,
 	git_zstream stream;
 	unsigned char *buffer, *in;
 
-	buffer = xmallocz(size);
+	buffer = xmallocz_gently(size);
+	if (!buffer)
+		return NULL;
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	stream.next_out = buffer;
 	stream.avail_out = size + 1;
@@ -1666,37 +2119,56 @@ static unsigned long pack_entry_hash(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
 {
 	unsigned long hash;
 
-	hash = (unsigned long)p + (unsigned long)base_offset;
+	hash = (unsigned long)(intptr_t)p + (unsigned long)base_offset;
 	hash += (hash >> 8) + (hash >> 16);
 	return hash % MAX_DELTA_CACHE;
 }
 
-static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+static struct delta_base_cache_entry *
+get_delta_base_cache_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
 {
 	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
+	return delta_base_cache + hash;
+}
+
+static int eq_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent,
+				     struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
 	return (ent->data && ent->p == p && ent->base_offset == base_offset);
 }
 
+static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+	return eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset);
+}
+
+static void clear_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent)
+{
+	ent->data = NULL;
+	ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
+	ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
+	delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
+}
+
 static void *cache_or_unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 	unsigned long *base_size, enum object_type *type, int keep_cache)
 {
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
 	void *ret;
-	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
 
-	ret = ent->data;
-	if (!ret || ent->p != p || ent->base_offset != base_offset)
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+
+	if (!eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset))
 		return unpack_entry(p, base_offset, type, base_size);
 
-	if (!keep_cache) {
-		ent->data = NULL;
-		ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
-		ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
-		delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
-	} else {
+	ret = ent->data;
+
+	if (!keep_cache)
+		clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+	else
 		ret = xmemdupz(ent->data, ent->size);
-	}
 	*type = ent->type;
 	*base_size = ent->size;
 	return ret;
@@ -1760,131 +2232,200 @@ static void add_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
 			 unsigned long *size);
 
-static void *unpack_delta_entry(struct packed_git *p,
-				struct pack_window **w_curs,
-				off_t curpos,
-				unsigned long delta_size,
-				off_t obj_offset,
-				enum object_type *type,
-				unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	void *delta_data, *result, *base;
-	unsigned long base_size;
-	off_t base_offset;
-
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, *type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset) {
-		error("failed to validate delta base reference "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	unuse_pack(w_curs);
-	base = cache_or_unpack_entry(p, base_offset, &base_size, type, 0);
-	if (!base) {
-		/*
-		 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
-		 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
-		 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
-		 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
-		 */
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-		if (!revidx)
-			return NULL;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		error("failed to read delta base object %s"
-		      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)base_offset,
-		      p->pack_name);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		base = read_object(base_sha1, type, &base_size);
-		if (!base)
-			return NULL;
-	}
-
-	delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
-	if (!delta_data) {
-		error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		free(base);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
-			     delta_data, delta_size,
-			     sizep);
-	if (!result)
-		die("failed to apply delta");
-	free(delta_data);
-	add_delta_base_cache(p, base_offset, base, base_size, *type);
-	return result;
-}
-
 static void write_pack_access_log(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
-	static FILE *log_file;
-
-	if (!log_file) {
-		log_file = fopen(log_pack_access, "w");
-		if (!log_file) {
-			error("cannot open pack access log '%s' for writing: %s",
-			      log_pack_access, strerror(errno));
-			log_pack_access = NULL;
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-	fprintf(log_file, "%s %"PRIuMAX"\n",
-		p->pack_name, (uintmax_t)obj_offset);
-	fflush(log_file);
+	static struct trace_key pack_access = TRACE_KEY_INIT(PACK_ACCESS);
+	trace_printf_key(&pack_access, "%s %"PRIuMAX"\n",
+			 p->pack_name, (uintmax_t)obj_offset);
 }
 
 int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
+#define UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+struct unpack_entry_stack_ent {
+	off_t obj_offset;
+	off_t curpos;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+
 void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-		   enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
+		   enum object_type *final_type, unsigned long *final_size)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
 	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	void *data;
+	void *data = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent small_delta_stack[UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent *delta_stack = small_delta_stack;
+	int delta_stack_nr = 0, delta_stack_alloc = UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC;
+	int base_from_cache = 0;
 
-	if (log_pack_access)
-		write_pack_access_log(p, obj_offset);
+	write_pack_access_log(p, obj_offset);
 
-	if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
-		unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
-		if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
-			const unsigned char *sha1 =
-				nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-			error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
-			      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			return NULL;
+	/* PHASE 1: drill down to the innermost base object */
+	for (;;) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		int i;
+		struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+
+		ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, curpos);
+		if (eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, curpos)) {
+			type = ent->type;
+			data = ent->data;
+			size = ent->size;
+			clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+			base_from_cache = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+			if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
+				const unsigned char *sha1 =
+					nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		}
+
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type != OBJ_OFS_DELTA && type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+			break;
+
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset) {
+			error("failed to validate delta base reference "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			/* bail to phase 2, in hopes of recovery */
+			data = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* push object, proceed to base */
+		if (delta_stack_nr >= delta_stack_alloc
+		    && delta_stack == small_delta_stack) {
+			delta_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(delta_stack_nr);
+			ALLOC_ARRAY(delta_stack, delta_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(delta_stack, small_delta_stack,
+			       sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(delta_stack, delta_stack_nr+1, delta_stack_alloc);
 		}
+		i = delta_stack_nr++;
+		delta_stack[i].obj_offset = obj_offset;
+		delta_stack[i].curpos = curpos;
+		delta_stack[i].size = size;
+
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
 	}
 
-	*type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, sizep);
-	switch (*type) {
+	/* PHASE 2: handle the base */
+	switch (type) {
 	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
 	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		data = unpack_delta_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep,
-					  obj_offset, type, sizep);
+		if (data)
+			die("BUG in unpack_entry: left loop at a valid delta");
 		break;
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep);
+		if (!base_from_cache)
+			data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, size);
 		break;
 	default:
 		data = NULL;
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
-		      *type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+	}
+
+	/* PHASE 3: apply deltas in order */
+
+	/* invariants:
+	 *   'data' holds the base data, or NULL if there was corruption
+	 */
+	while (delta_stack_nr) {
+		void *delta_data;
+		void *base = data;
+		unsigned long delta_size, base_size = size;
+		int i;
+
+		data = NULL;
+
+		if (base)
+			add_delta_base_cache(p, obj_offset, base, base_size, type);
+
+		if (!base) {
+			/*
+			 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
+			 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
+			 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
+			 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
+			 */
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+			const unsigned char *base_sha1;
+			revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			if (revidx) {
+				base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("failed to read delta base object %s"
+				      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)obj_offset,
+				      p->pack_name);
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
+				base = read_object(base_sha1, &type, &base_size);
+			}
+		}
+
+		i = --delta_stack_nr;
+		obj_offset = delta_stack[i].obj_offset;
+		curpos = delta_stack[i].curpos;
+		delta_size = delta_stack[i].size;
+
+		if (!base)
+			continue;
+
+		delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
+
+		if (!delta_data) {
+			error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			data = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		data = patch_delta(base, base_size,
+				   delta_data, delta_size,
+				   &size);
+
+		/*
+		 * We could not apply the delta; warn the user, but keep going.
+		 * Our failure will be noticed either in the next iteration of
+		 * the loop, or if this is the final delta, in the caller when
+		 * we return NULL. Those code paths will take care of making
+		 * a more explicit warning and retrying with another copy of
+		 * the object.
+		 */
+		if (!data)
+			error("failed to apply delta");
+
+		free(delta_data);
 	}
+
+	*final_type = type;
+	*final_size = size;
+
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+
+	if (delta_stack != small_delta_stack)
+		free(delta_stack);
+
 	return data;
 }
 
@@ -1908,6 +2449,20 @@ const unsigned char *nth_packed_object_sha1(struct packed_git *p,
 	}
 }
 
+void check_pack_index_ptr(const struct packed_git *p, const void *vptr)
+{
+	const unsigned char *ptr = vptr;
+	const unsigned char *start = p->index_data;
+	const unsigned char *end = start + p->index_size;
+	if (ptr < start)
+		die(_("offset before start of pack index for %s (corrupt index?)"),
+		    p->pack_name);
+	/* No need to check for underflow; .idx files must be at least 8 bytes */
+	if (ptr >= end - 8)
+		die(_("offset beyond end of pack index for %s (truncated index?)"),
+		    p->pack_name);
+}
+
 off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *p, uint32_t n)
 {
 	const unsigned char *index = p->index_data;
@@ -1921,6 +2476,7 @@ off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *p, uint32_t n)
 		if (!(off & 0x80000000))
 			return off;
 		index += p->num_objects * 4 + (off & 0x7fffffff) * 8;
+		check_pack_index_ptr(p, index);
 		return (((uint64_t)ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 0)))) << 32) |
 				   ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 4)));
 	}
@@ -2010,54 +2566,62 @@ int is_pack_valid(struct packed_git *p)
 	return !open_packed_git(p);
 }
 
+static int fill_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   struct pack_entry *e,
+			   struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	off_t offset;
+
+	if (p->num_bad_objects) {
+		unsigned i;
+		for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
+			if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
+				return 0;
+	}
+
+	offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
+	if (!offset)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We are about to tell the caller where they can locate the
+	 * requested object.  We better make sure the packfile is
+	 * still here and can be accessed before supplying that
+	 * answer, as it may have been deleted since the index was
+	 * loaded!
+	 */
+	if (!is_pack_valid(p))
+		return 0;
+	e->offset = offset;
+	e->p = p;
+	hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iff a pack file contains the object named by sha1, return true and
+ * store its location to e.
+ */
 static int find_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct pack_entry *e)
 {
-	static struct packed_git *last_found = (void *)1;
 	struct packed_git *p;
-	off_t offset;
 
 	prepare_packed_git();
 	if (!packed_git)
 		return 0;
-	p = (last_found == (void *)1) ? packed_git : last_found;
 
-	do {
-		if (p->num_bad_objects) {
-			unsigned i;
-			for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
-				if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
-					goto next;
-		}
+	if (last_found_pack && fill_pack_entry(sha1, e, last_found_pack))
+		return 1;
 
-		offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
-		if (offset) {
-			/*
-			 * We are about to tell the caller where they can
-			 * locate the requested object.  We better make
-			 * sure the packfile is still here and can be
-			 * accessed before supplying that answer, as
-			 * it may have been deleted since the index
-			 * was loaded!
-			 */
-			if (!is_pack_valid(p)) {
-				warning("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
-				goto next;
-			}
-			e->offset = offset;
-			e->p = p;
-			hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
-			last_found = p;
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p == last_found_pack)
+			continue; /* we already checked this one */
+
+		if (fill_pack_entry(sha1, e, p)) {
+			last_found_pack = p;
 			return 1;
 		}
-
-		next:
-		if (p == last_found)
-			p = packed_git;
-		else
-			p = p->next;
-		if (p == last_found)
-			p = p->next;
-	} while (p);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2074,62 +2638,115 @@ struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 }
 
-static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct object_info *oi,
+				  int flags)
 {
-	int status;
-	unsigned long mapsize, size;
+	int status = 0;
+	unsigned long mapsize;
 	void *map;
 	git_zstream stream;
 	char hdr[32];
+	struct strbuf hdrbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (oi->delta_base_sha1)
+		hashclr(oi->delta_base_sha1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we don't care about type or size, then we don't
+	 * need to look inside the object at all. Note that we
+	 * do not optimize out the stat call, even if the
+	 * caller doesn't care about the disk-size, since our
+	 * return value implicitly indicates whether the
+	 * object even exists.
+	 */
+	if (!oi->typep && !oi->typename && !oi->sizep) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (stat_sha1_file(sha1, &st) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (oi->disk_sizep)
+			*oi->disk_sizep = st.st_size;
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
 	if (!map)
-		return error("unable to find %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	if (unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (oi->disk_sizep)
+		*oi->disk_sizep = mapsize;
+	if ((flags & LOOKUP_UNKNOWN_OBJECT)) {
+		if (unpack_sha1_header_to_strbuf(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr), &hdrbuf) < 0)
+			status = error("unable to unpack %s header with --allow-unknown-type",
+				       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else if (unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
 		status = error("unable to unpack %s header",
 			       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	else if ((status = parse_sha1_header(hdr, &size)) < 0)
+	if (status < 0)
+		; /* Do nothing */
+	else if (hdrbuf.len) {
+		if ((status = parse_sha1_header_extended(hdrbuf.buf, oi, flags)) < 0)
+			status = error("unable to parse %s header with --allow-unknown-type",
+				       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else if ((status = parse_sha1_header_extended(hdr, oi, flags)) < 0)
 		status = error("unable to parse %s header", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	else if (sizep)
-		*sizep = size;
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
 	munmap(map, mapsize);
-	return status;
+	if (status && oi->typep)
+		*oi->typep = status;
+	strbuf_release(&hdrbuf);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-/* returns enum object_type or negative */
-int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi)
+int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi, unsigned flags)
 {
 	struct cached_object *co;
 	struct pack_entry e;
-	int status, rtype;
+	int rtype;
+	enum object_type real_type;
+	const unsigned char *real = lookup_replace_object_extended(sha1, flags);
 
-	co = find_cached_object(sha1);
+	co = find_cached_object(real);
 	if (co) {
+		if (oi->typep)
+			*(oi->typep) = co->type;
 		if (oi->sizep)
 			*(oi->sizep) = co->size;
+		if (oi->disk_sizep)
+			*(oi->disk_sizep) = 0;
+		if (oi->delta_base_sha1)
+			hashclr(oi->delta_base_sha1);
+		if (oi->typename)
+			strbuf_addstr(oi->typename, typename(co->type));
 		oi->whence = OI_CACHED;
-		return co->type;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e)) {
+	if (!find_pack_entry(real, &e)) {
 		/* Most likely it's a loose object. */
-		status = sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, oi->sizep);
-		if (status >= 0) {
+		if (!sha1_loose_object_info(real, oi, flags)) {
 			oi->whence = OI_LOOSE;
-			return status;
+			return 0;
 		}
 
 		/* Not a loose object; someone else may have just packed it. */
 		reprepare_packed_git();
-		if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
-			return status;
+		if (!find_pack_entry(real, &e))
+			return -1;
 	}
 
-	status = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi->sizep, &rtype);
-	if (status < 0) {
-		mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, sha1);
-		status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
+	/*
+	 * packed_object_info() does not follow the delta chain to
+	 * find out the real type, unless it is given oi->typep.
+	 */
+	if (oi->typename && !oi->typep)
+		oi->typep = &real_type;
+
+	rtype = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi);
+	if (rtype < 0) {
+		mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, real);
+		if (oi->typep == &real_type)
+			oi->typep = NULL;
+		return sha1_object_info_extended(real, oi, 0);
 	} else if (in_delta_base_cache(e.p, e.offset)) {
 		oi->whence = OI_DBCACHED;
 	} else {
@@ -2139,16 +2756,25 @@ int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi)
 		oi->u.packed.is_delta = (rtype == OBJ_REF_DELTA ||
 					 rtype == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
 	}
+	if (oi->typename)
+		strbuf_addstr(oi->typename, typename(*oi->typep));
+	if (oi->typep == &real_type)
+		oi->typep = NULL;
 
-	return status;
+	return 0;
 }
 
+/* returns enum object_type or negative */
 int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
 {
-	struct object_info oi;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
 
+	oi.typep = &type;
 	oi.sizep = sizep;
-	return sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi);
+	if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return type;
 }
 
 static void *read_packed_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -2183,12 +2809,7 @@ int pretend_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, enum object_type type,
 	hash_sha1_file(buf, len, typename(type), sha1);
 	if (has_sha1_file(sha1) || find_cached_object(sha1))
 		return 0;
-	if (cached_object_alloc <= cached_object_nr) {
-		cached_object_alloc = alloc_nr(cached_object_alloc);
-		cached_objects = xrealloc(cached_objects,
-					  sizeof(*cached_objects) *
-					  cached_object_alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(cached_objects, cached_object_nr + 1, cached_object_alloc);
 	co = &cached_objects[cached_object_nr++];
 	co->size = len;
 	co->type = type;
@@ -2236,10 +2857,8 @@ void *read_sha1_file_extended(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			      unsigned flag)
 {
 	void *data;
-	char *path;
 	const struct packed_git *p;
-	const unsigned char *repl = (flag & READ_SHA1_FILE_REPLACE)
-		? lookup_replace_object(sha1) : sha1;
+	const unsigned char *repl = lookup_replace_object_extended(sha1, flag);
 
 	errno = 0;
 	data = read_object(repl, type, size);
@@ -2255,7 +2874,8 @@ void *read_sha1_file_extended(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		    sha1_to_hex(repl), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	if (has_loose_object(repl)) {
-		path = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+		const char *path = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+
 		die("loose object %s (stored in %s) is corrupt",
 		    sha1_to_hex(repl), path);
 	}
@@ -2322,7 +2942,7 @@ static void write_sha1_file_prepare(const void *buf, unsigned long len,
 	git_SHA_CTX c;
 
 	/* Generate the header */
-	*hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", type, len)+1;
+	*hdrlen = xsnprintf(hdr, *hdrlen, "%s %lu", type, len)+1;
 
 	/* Sha1.. */
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
@@ -2333,11 +2953,8 @@ static void write_sha1_file_prepare(const void *buf, unsigned long len,
 
 /*
  * Move the just written object into its final resting place.
- * NEEDSWORK: this should be renamed to finalize_temp_file() as
- * "moving" is only a part of what it does, when no patch between
- * master to pu changes the call sites of this function.
  */
-int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
+int finalize_object_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 
@@ -2366,7 +2983,7 @@ int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
 	unlink_or_warn(tmpfile);
 	if (ret) {
 		if (ret != EEXIST) {
-			return error("unable to write sha1 filename %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(ret));
+			return error_errno("unable to write sha1 filename %s", filename);
 		}
 		/* FIXME!!! Collision check here ? */
 	}
@@ -2380,7 +2997,7 @@ out:
 static int write_buffer(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, len) < 0)
-		return error("file write error (%s)", strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno("file write error");
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2388,7 +3005,7 @@ int hash_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type,
                    unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	char hdr[32];
-	int hdrlen;
+	int hdrlen = sizeof(hdr);
 	write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, hdr, &hdrlen);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2418,27 +3035,31 @@ static inline int directory_size(const char *filename)
  * We want to avoid cross-directory filename renames, because those
  * can have problems on various filesystems (FAT, NFS, Coda).
  */
-static int create_tmpfile(char *buffer, size_t bufsiz, const char *filename)
+static int create_tmpfile(struct strbuf *tmp, const char *filename)
 {
 	int fd, dirlen = directory_size(filename);
 
-	if (dirlen + 20 > bufsiz) {
-		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
-		return -1;
-	}
-	memcpy(buffer, filename, dirlen);
-	strcpy(buffer + dirlen, "tmp_obj_XXXXXX");
-	fd = git_mkstemp_mode(buffer, 0444);
+	strbuf_reset(tmp);
+	strbuf_add(tmp, filename, dirlen);
+	strbuf_addstr(tmp, "tmp_obj_XXXXXX");
+	fd = git_mkstemp_mode(tmp->buf, 0444);
 	if (fd < 0 && dirlen && errno == ENOENT) {
-		/* Make sure the directory exists */
-		memcpy(buffer, filename, dirlen);
-		buffer[dirlen-1] = 0;
-		if (mkdir(buffer, 0777) || adjust_shared_perm(buffer))
+		/*
+		 * Make sure the directory exists; note that the contents
+		 * of the buffer are undefined after mkstemp returns an
+		 * error, so we have to rewrite the whole buffer from
+		 * scratch.
+		 */
+		strbuf_reset(tmp);
+		strbuf_add(tmp, filename, dirlen - 1);
+		if (mkdir(tmp->buf, 0777) && errno != EEXIST)
+			return -1;
+		if (adjust_shared_perm(tmp->buf))
 			return -1;
 
 		/* Try again */
-		strcpy(buffer + dirlen - 1, "/tmp_obj_XXXXXX");
-		fd = git_mkstemp_mode(buffer, 0444);
+		strbuf_addstr(tmp, "/tmp_obj_XXXXXX");
+		fd = git_mkstemp_mode(tmp->buf, 0444);
 	}
 	return fd;
 }
@@ -2451,20 +3072,18 @@ static int write_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1, char *hdr, int hdrlen,
 	git_zstream stream;
 	git_SHA_CTX c;
 	unsigned char parano_sha1[20];
-	char *filename;
-	static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+	static struct strbuf tmp_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
 
-	filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
-	fd = create_tmpfile(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), filename);
+	fd = create_tmpfile(&tmp_file, filename);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		if (errno == EACCES)
-			return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s\n", get_object_directory());
+			return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s", get_object_directory());
 		else
-			return error("unable to create temporary sha1 filename %s: %s\n", tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+			return error_errno("unable to create temporary file");
 	}
 
 	/* Set it up */
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
 	stream.next_out = compressed;
 	stream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
@@ -2505,31 +3124,67 @@ static int write_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1, char *hdr, int hdrlen,
 		struct utimbuf utb;
 		utb.actime = mtime;
 		utb.modtime = mtime;
-		if (utime(tmpfile, &utb) < 0)
-			warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
-				tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+		if (utime(tmp_file.buf, &utb) < 0)
+			warning_errno("failed utime() on %s", tmp_file.buf);
 	}
 
-	return move_temp_to_file(tmpfile, filename);
+	return finalize_object_file(tmp_file.buf, filename);
 }
 
-int write_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *returnsha1)
+static int freshen_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return check_and_freshen(sha1, 1);
+}
+
+static int freshen_packed_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct pack_entry e;
+	if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
+		return 0;
+	if (e.p->freshened)
+		return 1;
+	if (!freshen_file(e.p->pack_name))
+		return 0;
+	e.p->freshened = 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int write_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char hdr[32];
-	int hdrlen;
+	int hdrlen = sizeof(hdr);
 
 	/* Normally if we have it in the pack then we do not bother writing
 	 * it out into .git/objects/??/?{38} file.
 	 */
 	write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, hdr, &hdrlen);
-	if (returnsha1)
-		hashcpy(returnsha1, sha1);
-	if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
+	if (freshen_packed_object(sha1) || freshen_loose_object(sha1))
 		return 0;
 	return write_loose_object(sha1, hdr, hdrlen, buf, len, 0);
 }
 
+int hash_sha1_file_literally(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type,
+			     unsigned char *sha1, unsigned flags)
+{
+	char *header;
+	int hdrlen, status = 0;
+
+	/* type string, SP, %lu of the length plus NUL must fit this */
+	hdrlen = strlen(type) + 32;
+	header = xmalloc(hdrlen);
+	write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, header, &hdrlen);
+
+	if (!(flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
+		goto cleanup;
+	if (freshen_packed_object(sha1) || freshen_loose_object(sha1))
+		goto cleanup;
+	status = write_loose_object(sha1, header, hdrlen, buf, len, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	free(header);
+	return status;
+}
+
 int force_object_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, time_t mtime)
 {
 	void *buf;
@@ -2544,7 +3199,7 @@ int force_object_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, time_t mtime)
 	buf = read_packed_sha1(sha1, &type, &len);
 	if (!buf)
 		return error("cannot read sha1_file for %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(type), len) + 1;
+	hdrlen = xsnprintf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), "%s %lu", typename(type), len) + 1;
 	ret = write_loose_object(sha1, hdr, hdrlen, buf, len, mtime);
 	free(buf);
 
@@ -2565,13 +3220,23 @@ int has_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e);
 }
 
-int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
+int has_sha1_file_with_flags(const unsigned char *sha1, int flags)
 {
 	struct pack_entry e;
 
 	if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
 		return 1;
-	return has_loose_object(sha1);
+	if (has_loose_object(sha1))
+		return 1;
+	if (flags & HAS_SHA1_QUICK)
+		return 0;
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e);
+}
+
+int has_object_file(const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	return has_sha1_file(oid->hash);
 }
 
 static void check_tree(const void *buf, size_t size)
@@ -2641,6 +3306,29 @@ static int index_mem(unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, size_t size,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int index_stream_convert_blob(unsigned char *sha1, int fd,
+				     const char *path, unsigned flags)
+{
+	int ret;
+	const int write_object = flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT;
+	struct strbuf sbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	assert(path);
+	assert(would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(path));
+
+	convert_to_git_filter_fd(path, fd, &sbuf,
+				 write_object ? safe_crlf : SAFE_CRLF_FALSE);
+
+	if (write_object)
+		ret = write_sha1_file(sbuf.buf, sbuf.len, typename(OBJ_BLOB),
+				      sha1);
+	else
+		ret = hash_sha1_file(sbuf.buf, sbuf.len, typename(OBJ_BLOB),
+				     sha1);
+	strbuf_release(&sbuf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int index_pipe(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, enum object_type type,
 		      const char *path, unsigned flags)
 {
@@ -2664,13 +3352,13 @@ static int index_core(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, size_t size,
 	int ret;
 
 	if (!size) {
-		ret = index_mem(sha1, NULL, size, type, path, flags);
+		ret = index_mem(sha1, "", size, type, path, flags);
 	} else if (size <= SMALL_FILE_SIZE) {
 		char *buf = xmalloc(size);
 		if (size == read_in_full(fd, buf, size))
 			ret = index_mem(sha1, buf, size, type, path, flags);
 		else
-			ret = error("short read %s", strerror(errno));
+			ret = error_errno("short read");
 		free(buf);
 	} else {
 		void *buf = xmmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
@@ -2687,10 +3375,13 @@ static int index_core(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, size_t size,
  * This also bypasses the usual "convert-to-git" dance, and that is on
  * purpose. We could write a streaming version of the converting
  * functions and insert that before feeding the data to fast-import
- * (or equivalent in-core API described above), but the primary
- * motivation for trying to stream from the working tree file and to
- * avoid mmaping it in core is to deal with large binary blobs, and
- * by definition they do _not_ want to get any conversion.
+ * (or equivalent in-core API described above). However, that is
+ * somewhat complicated, as we do not know the size of the filter
+ * result, which we need to know beforehand when writing a git object.
+ * Since the primary motivation for trying to stream from the working
+ * tree file and to avoid mmaping it in core is to deal with large
+ * binary blobs, they generally do not want to get any conversion, and
+ * callers should avoid this code path when filters are requested.
  */
 static int index_stream(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, size_t size,
 			enum object_type type, const char *path,
@@ -2703,14 +3394,22 @@ int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st,
 	     enum object_type type, const char *path, unsigned flags)
 {
 	int ret;
-	size_t size = xsize_t(st->st_size);
 
-	if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
+	/*
+	 * Call xsize_t() only when needed to avoid potentially unnecessary
+	 * die() for large files.
+	 */
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB && path && would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(path))
+		ret = index_stream_convert_blob(sha1, fd, path, flags);
+	else if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
 		ret = index_pipe(sha1, fd, type, path, flags);
-	else if (size <= big_file_threshold || type != OBJ_BLOB)
-		ret = index_core(sha1, fd, size, type, path, flags);
+	else if (st->st_size <= big_file_threshold || type != OBJ_BLOB ||
+		 (path && would_convert_to_git(path)))
+		ret = index_core(sha1, fd, xsize_t(st->st_size), type, path,
+				 flags);
 	else
-		ret = index_stream(sha1, fd, size, type, path, flags);
+		ret = index_stream(sha1, fd, xsize_t(st->st_size), type, path,
+				   flags);
 	close(fd);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -2724,18 +3423,14 @@ int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, unsigned
 	case S_IFREG:
 		fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd < 0)
-			return error("open(\"%s\"): %s", path,
-				     strerror(errno));
+			return error_errno("open(\"%s\")", path);
 		if (index_fd(sha1, fd, st, OBJ_BLOB, path, flags) < 0)
 			return error("%s: failed to insert into database",
 				     path);
 		break;
 	case S_IFLNK:
-		if (strbuf_readlink(&sb, path, st->st_size)) {
-			char *errstr = strerror(errno);
-			return error("readlink(\"%s\"): %s", path,
-			             errstr);
-		}
+		if (strbuf_readlink(&sb, path, st->st_size))
+			return error_errno("readlink(\"%s\")", path);
 		if (!(flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
 			hash_sha1_file(sb.buf, sb.len, blob_type, sha1);
 		else if (write_sha1_file(sb.buf, sb.len, blob_type, sha1))
@@ -2775,3 +3470,177 @@ void assert_sha1_type(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type expect)
 		die("%s is not a valid '%s' object", sha1_to_hex(sha1),
 		    typename(expect));
 }
+
+static int for_each_file_in_obj_subdir(int subdir_nr,
+				       struct strbuf *path,
+				       each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+				       each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+				       each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+				       void *data)
+{
+	size_t baselen = path->len;
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	struct dirent *de;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	if (!dir) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error_errno("unable to open %s", path->buf);
+	}
+
+	while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+		strbuf_addf(path, "/%s", de->d_name);
+
+		if (strlen(de->d_name) == 38)  {
+			char hex[41];
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "%02x%s",
+				 subdir_nr, de->d_name);
+			if (!get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1)) {
+				if (obj_cb) {
+					r = obj_cb(sha1, path->buf, data);
+					if (r)
+						break;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (cruft_cb) {
+			r = cruft_cb(de->d_name, path->buf, data);
+			if (r)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+	if (!r && subdir_cb)
+		r = subdir_cb(subdir_nr, path->buf, data);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+int for_each_loose_file_in_objdir_buf(struct strbuf *path,
+			    each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+			    each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+			    each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+			    void *data)
+{
+	size_t baselen = path->len;
+	int r = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		strbuf_addf(path, "/%02x", i);
+		r = for_each_file_in_obj_subdir(i, path, obj_cb, cruft_cb,
+						subdir_cb, data);
+		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+int for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(const char *path,
+				  each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+				  each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+				  each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+				  void *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int r;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
+	r = for_each_loose_file_in_objdir_buf(&buf, obj_cb, cruft_cb,
+					      subdir_cb, data);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+struct loose_alt_odb_data {
+	each_loose_object_fn *cb;
+	void *data;
+};
+
+static int loose_from_alt_odb(struct alternate_object_database *alt,
+			      void *vdata)
+{
+	struct loose_alt_odb_data *data = vdata;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int r;
+
+	/* copy base not including trailing '/' */
+	strbuf_add(&buf, alt->base, alt->name - alt->base - 1);
+	r = for_each_loose_file_in_objdir_buf(&buf,
+					      data->cb, NULL, NULL,
+					      data->data);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return r;
+}
+
+int for_each_loose_object(each_loose_object_fn cb, void *data, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct loose_alt_odb_data alt;
+	int r;
+
+	r = for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(),
+					  cb, NULL, NULL, data);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	if (flags & FOR_EACH_OBJECT_LOCAL_ONLY)
+		return 0;
+
+	alt.cb = cb;
+	alt.data = data;
+	return foreach_alt_odb(loose_from_alt_odb, &alt);
+}
+
+static int for_each_object_in_pack(struct packed_git *p, each_packed_object_fn cb, void *data)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < p->num_objects; i++) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+
+		if (!sha1)
+			return error("unable to get sha1 of object %u in %s",
+				     i, p->pack_name);
+
+		r = cb(sha1, p, i, data);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+	return r;
+}
+
+int for_each_packed_object(each_packed_object_fn cb, void *data, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	int r = 0;
+	int pack_errors = 0;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if ((flags & FOR_EACH_OBJECT_LOCAL_ONLY) && !p->pack_local)
+			continue;
+		if (open_pack_index(p)) {
+			pack_errors = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		r = for_each_object_in_pack(p, cb, data);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+	return r ? r : pack_errors;
+}
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
index 03ffc2caaa..ca7ddd6f2c 100644
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -6,54 +6,121 @@
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *, unsigned char *, struct commit_list *);
 
-static int find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+typedef int (*disambiguate_hint_fn)(const unsigned char *, void *);
+
+struct disambiguate_state {
+	disambiguate_hint_fn fn;
+	void *cb_data;
+	unsigned char candidate[20];
+	unsigned candidate_exists:1;
+	unsigned candidate_checked:1;
+	unsigned candidate_ok:1;
+	unsigned disambiguate_fn_used:1;
+	unsigned ambiguous:1;
+	unsigned always_call_fn:1;
+};
+
+static void update_candidates(struct disambiguate_state *ds, const unsigned char *current)
+{
+	if (ds->always_call_fn) {
+		ds->ambiguous = ds->fn(current, ds->cb_data) ? 1 : 0;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!ds->candidate_exists) {
+		/* this is the first candidate */
+		hashcpy(ds->candidate, current);
+		ds->candidate_exists = 1;
+		return;
+	} else if (!hashcmp(ds->candidate, current)) {
+		/* the same as what we already have seen */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->fn) {
+		/* cannot disambiguate between ds->candidate and current */
+		ds->ambiguous = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_checked) {
+		ds->candidate_ok = ds->fn(ds->candidate, ds->cb_data);
+		ds->disambiguate_fn_used = 1;
+		ds->candidate_checked = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_ok) {
+		/* discard the candidate; we know it does not satisfy fn */
+		hashcpy(ds->candidate, current);
+		ds->candidate_checked = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* if we reach this point, we know ds->candidate satisfies fn */
+	if (ds->fn(current, ds->cb_data)) {
+		/*
+		 * if both current and candidate satisfy fn, we cannot
+		 * disambiguate.
+		 */
+		ds->candidate_ok = 0;
+		ds->ambiguous = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* otherwise, current can be discarded and candidate is still good */
+}
+
+static void find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *hex_pfx, struct disambiguate_state *ds)
 {
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 	char hex[40];
-	int found = 0;
 	static struct alternate_object_database *fakeent;
 
 	if (!fakeent) {
+		/*
+		 * Create a "fake" alternate object database that
+		 * points to our own object database, to make it
+		 * easier to get a temporary working space in
+		 * alt->name/alt->base while iterating over the
+		 * object databases including our own.
+		 */
 		const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
-		int objdir_len = strlen(objdir);
-		int entlen = objdir_len + 43;
-		fakeent = xmalloc(sizeof(*fakeent) + entlen);
+		size_t objdir_len = strlen(objdir);
+		fakeent = xmalloc(st_add3(sizeof(*fakeent), objdir_len, 43));
 		memcpy(fakeent->base, objdir, objdir_len);
 		fakeent->name = fakeent->base + objdir_len + 1;
 		fakeent->name[-1] = '/';
 	}
 	fakeent->next = alt_odb_list;
 
-	sprintf(hex, "%.2s", name);
-	for (alt = fakeent; alt && found < 2; alt = alt->next) {
+	xsnprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "%.2s", hex_pfx);
+	for (alt = fakeent; alt && !ds->ambiguous; alt = alt->next) {
 		struct dirent *de;
 		DIR *dir;
-		sprintf(alt->name, "%.2s/", name);
+		/*
+		 * every alt_odb struct has 42 extra bytes after the base
+		 * for exactly this purpose
+		 */
+		xsnprintf(alt->name, 42, "%.2s/", hex_pfx);
 		dir = opendir(alt->base);
 		if (!dir)
 			continue;
-		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+
+		while (!ds->ambiguous && (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
 			if (strlen(de->d_name) != 38)
 				continue;
-			if (memcmp(de->d_name, name + 2, len - 2))
+			if (memcmp(de->d_name, hex_pfx + 2, len - 2))
 				continue;
-			if (!found) {
-				memcpy(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38);
-				found++;
-			}
-			else if (memcmp(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38)) {
-				found = 2;
-				break;
-			}
+			memcpy(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38);
+			if (!get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
+				update_candidates(ds, sha1);
 		}
 		closedir(dir);
 	}
-	if (found == 1)
-		return get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1) == 0;
-	return found;
 }
 
 static int match_sha(unsigned len, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b)
@@ -71,103 +138,157 @@ static int match_sha(unsigned len, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *match, unsigned char *sha1)
+static void unique_in_pack(int len,
+			  const unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+			   struct packed_git *p,
+			   struct disambiguate_state *ds)
 {
-	struct packed_git *p;
-	const unsigned char *found_sha1 = NULL;
-	int found = 0;
-
-	prepare_packed_git();
-	for (p = packed_git; p && found < 2; p = p->next) {
-		uint32_t num, last;
-		uint32_t first = 0;
-		open_pack_index(p);
-		num = p->num_objects;
-		last = num;
-		while (first < last) {
-			uint32_t mid = (first + last) / 2;
-			const unsigned char *now;
-			int cmp;
-
-			now = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, mid);
-			cmp = hashcmp(match, now);
-			if (!cmp) {
-				first = mid;
-				break;
-			}
-			if (cmp > 0) {
-				first = mid+1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			last = mid;
+	uint32_t num, last, i, first = 0;
+	const unsigned char *current = NULL;
+
+	open_pack_index(p);
+	num = p->num_objects;
+	last = num;
+	while (first < last) {
+		uint32_t mid = (first + last) / 2;
+		const unsigned char *current;
+		int cmp;
+
+		current = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, mid);
+		cmp = hashcmp(bin_pfx, current);
+		if (!cmp) {
+			first = mid;
+			break;
 		}
-		if (first < num) {
-			const unsigned char *now, *next;
-		       now = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, first);
-			if (match_sha(len, match, now)) {
-				next = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, first+1);
-			       if (!next|| !match_sha(len, match, next)) {
-					/* unique within this pack */
-					if (!found) {
-						found_sha1 = now;
-						found++;
-					}
-					else if (hashcmp(found_sha1, now)) {
-						found = 2;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				else {
-					/* not even unique within this pack */
-					found = 2;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			first = mid+1;
+			continue;
 		}
+		last = mid;
 	}
-	if (found == 1)
-		hashcpy(sha1, found_sha1);
-	return found;
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, "first" is the location of the lowest object
+	 * with an object name that could match "bin_pfx".  See if we have
+	 * 0, 1 or more objects that actually match(es).
+	 */
+	for (i = first; i < num && !ds->ambiguous; i++) {
+		current = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+		if (!match_sha(len, bin_pfx, current))
+			break;
+		update_candidates(ds, current);
+	}
+}
+
+static void find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+				     struct disambiguate_state *ds)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p && !ds->ambiguous; p = p->next)
+		unique_in_pack(len, bin_pfx, p, ds);
 }
 
 #define SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND (-1)
 #define SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS (-2)
 
-static int find_unique_short_object(int len, char *canonical,
-				    unsigned char *res, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int finish_object_disambiguation(struct disambiguate_state *ds,
+					unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int has_unpacked, has_packed;
-	unsigned char unpacked_sha1[20], packed_sha1[20];
+	if (ds->ambiguous)
+		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
 
-	prepare_alt_odb();
-	has_unpacked = find_short_object_filename(len, canonical, unpacked_sha1);
-	has_packed = find_short_packed_object(len, res, packed_sha1);
-	if (!has_unpacked && !has_packed)
+	if (!ds->candidate_exists)
 		return SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
-	if (1 < has_unpacked || 1 < has_packed)
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_checked)
+		/*
+		 * If this is the only candidate, there is no point
+		 * calling the disambiguation hint callback.
+		 *
+		 * On the other hand, if the current candidate
+		 * replaced an earlier candidate that did _not_ pass
+		 * the disambiguation hint callback, then we do have
+		 * more than one objects that match the short name
+		 * given, so we should make sure this one matches;
+		 * otherwise, if we discovered this one and the one
+		 * that we previously discarded in the reverse order,
+		 * we would end up showing different results in the
+		 * same repository!
+		 */
+		ds->candidate_ok = (!ds->disambiguate_fn_used ||
+				    ds->fn(ds->candidate, ds->cb_data));
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_ok)
 		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
-	if (has_unpacked != has_packed) {
-		hashcpy(sha1, (has_packed ? packed_sha1 : unpacked_sha1));
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ds->candidate);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_commit_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_COMMIT;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_committish_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	int kind;
+
+	kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (kind == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
+	if (kind != OBJ_TAG)
 		return 0;
-	}
-	/* Both have unique ones -- do they match? */
-	if (hashcmp(packed_sha1, unpacked_sha1))
-		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
-	hashcpy(sha1, packed_sha1);
+
+	/* We need to do this the hard way... */
+	obj = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
-			  int quietly)
+static int disambiguate_tree_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
 {
-	int i, status;
-	char canonical[40];
-	unsigned char res[20];
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_TREE;
+}
 
-	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
-		return -1;
-	hashclr(res);
-	memset(canonical, 'x', 40);
+static int disambiguate_treeish_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	int kind;
+
+	kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (kind == OBJ_TREE || kind == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
+	if (kind != OBJ_TAG)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* We need to do this the hard way... */
+	obj = deref_tag(lookup_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+	if (obj && (obj->type == OBJ_TREE || obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_blob_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_BLOB;
+}
+
+static int prepare_prefixes(const char *name, int len,
+			    unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+			    char *hex_pfx)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	hashclr(bin_pfx);
+	memset(hex_pfx, 'x', 40);
 	for (i = 0; i < len ;i++) {
 		unsigned char c = name[i];
 		unsigned char val;
@@ -181,38 +302,101 @@ static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
 		}
 		else
 			return -1;
-		canonical[i] = c;
+		hex_pfx[i] = c;
 		if (!(i & 1))
 			val <<= 4;
-		res[i >> 1] |= val;
+		bin_pfx[i >> 1] |= val;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
+			  unsigned flags)
+{
+	int status;
+	char hex_pfx[40];
+	unsigned char bin_pfx[20];
+	struct disambiguate_state ds;
+	int quietly = !!(flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY);
+
+	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
+		return -1;
+	if (prepare_prefixes(name, len, bin_pfx, hex_pfx) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+
+	memset(&ds, 0, sizeof(ds));
+	if (flags & GET_SHA1_COMMIT)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_commit_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_committish_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_TREE)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_tree_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_TREEISH)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_treeish_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_BLOB)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_blob_only;
+
+	find_short_object_filename(len, hex_pfx, &ds);
+	find_short_packed_object(len, bin_pfx, &ds);
+	status = finish_object_disambiguation(&ds, sha1);
 
-	status = find_unique_short_object(i, canonical, res, sha1);
 	if (!quietly && (status == SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS))
-		return error("short SHA1 %.*s is ambiguous.", len, canonical);
+		return error("short SHA1 %.*s is ambiguous.", len, hex_pfx);
 	return status;
 }
 
-const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int len)
+int for_each_abbrev(const char *prefix, each_abbrev_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char hex_pfx[40];
+	unsigned char bin_pfx[20];
+	struct disambiguate_state ds;
+	int len = strlen(prefix);
+
+	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
+		return -1;
+	if (prepare_prefixes(prefix, len, bin_pfx, hex_pfx) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+
+	memset(&ds, 0, sizeof(ds));
+	ds.always_call_fn = 1;
+	ds.cb_data = cb_data;
+	ds.fn = fn;
+
+	find_short_object_filename(len, hex_pfx, &ds);
+	find_short_packed_object(len, bin_pfx, &ds);
+	return ds.ambiguous;
+}
+
+int find_unique_abbrev_r(char *hex, const unsigned char *sha1, int len)
 {
 	int status, exists;
-	static char hex[41];
 
-	exists = has_sha1_file(sha1);
-	memcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+	sha1_to_hex_r(hex, sha1);
 	if (len == 40 || !len)
-		return hex;
+		return 40;
+	exists = has_sha1_file(sha1);
 	while (len < 40) {
 		unsigned char sha1_ret[20];
-		status = get_short_sha1(hex, len, sha1_ret, 1);
+		status = get_short_sha1(hex, len, sha1_ret, GET_SHA1_QUIETLY);
 		if (exists
 		    ? !status
 		    : status == SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
 			hex[len] = 0;
-			return hex;
+			return len;
 		}
 		len++;
 	}
+	return len;
+}
+
+const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int len)
+{
+	static char hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
+	find_unique_abbrev_r(hex, sha1, len);
 	return hex;
 }
 
@@ -241,12 +425,12 @@ static int ambiguous_path(const char *path, int len)
 	return slash;
 }
 
-static inline int upstream_mark(const char *string, int len)
+static inline int at_mark(const char *string, int len,
+			  const char **suffix, int nr)
 {
-	const char *suffix[] = { "@{upstream}", "@{u}" };
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(suffix); i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 		int suffix_len = strlen(suffix[i]);
 		if (suffix_len <= len
 		    && !memcmp(string, suffix[i], suffix_len))
@@ -255,24 +439,67 @@ static inline int upstream_mark(const char *string, int len)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1);
+static inline int upstream_mark(const char *string, int len)
+{
+	const char *suffix[] = { "@{upstream}", "@{u}" };
+	return at_mark(string, len, suffix, ARRAY_SIZE(suffix));
+}
+
+static inline int push_mark(const char *string, int len)
+{
+	const char *suffix[] = { "@{push}" };
+	return at_mark(string, len, suffix, ARRAY_SIZE(suffix));
+}
+
+static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned lookup_flags);
+static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, int namelen, struct strbuf *buf);
 
-static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
+			  unsigned int flags)
 {
 	static const char *warn_msg = "refname '%.*s' is ambiguous.";
+	static const char *object_name_msg = N_(
+	"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+	"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+	"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+	"\n"
+	"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+	"\n"
+	"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+	"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+	"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"");
+	unsigned char tmp_sha1[20];
 	char *real_ref = NULL;
 	int refs_found = 0;
-	int at, reflog_len;
-
-	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1))
+	int at, reflog_len, nth_prior = 0;
+
+	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1)) {
+		if (warn_ambiguous_refs && warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity) {
+			refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, tmp_sha1, &real_ref);
+			if (refs_found > 0) {
+				warning(warn_msg, len, str);
+				if (advice_object_name_warning)
+					fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", _(object_name_msg));
+			}
+			free(real_ref);
+		}
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	/* basic@{time or number or -number} format to query ref-log */
 	reflog_len = at = 0;
 	if (len && str[len-1] == '}') {
-		for (at = len-2; at >= 0; at--) {
+		for (at = len-4; at >= 0; at--) {
 			if (str[at] == '@' && str[at+1] == '{') {
-				if (!upstream_mark(str + at, len - at)) {
+				if (str[at+2] == '-') {
+					if (at != 0)
+						/* @{-N} not at start */
+						return -1;
+					nth_prior = 1;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (!upstream_mark(str + at, len - at) &&
+				    !push_mark(str + at, len - at)) {
 					reflog_len = (len-1) - (at+2);
 					len = at;
 				}
@@ -285,20 +512,22 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (len && ambiguous_path(str, len))
 		return -1;
 
-	if (!len && reflog_len) {
+	if (nth_prior) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int ret;
-		/* try the @{-N} syntax for n-th checkout */
-		ret = interpret_branch_name(str+at, &buf);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			/* substitute this branch name and restart */
-			return get_sha1_1(buf.buf, buf.len, sha1);
-		} else if (ret == 0) {
-			return -1;
+		int detached;
+
+		if (interpret_nth_prior_checkout(str, len, &buf) > 0) {
+			detached = (buf.len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1));
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+			if (detached)
+				return 0;
 		}
+	}
+
+	if (!len && reflog_len)
 		/* allow "@{...}" to mean the current branch reflog */
 		refs_found = dwim_ref("HEAD", 4, sha1, &real_ref);
-	} else if (reflog_len)
+	else if (reflog_len)
 		refs_found = dwim_log(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
 	else
 		refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
@@ -306,7 +535,9 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!refs_found)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (warn_ambiguous_refs && refs_found > 1)
+	if (warn_ambiguous_refs && !(flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY) &&
+	    (refs_found > 1 ||
+	     !get_short_sha1(str, len, tmp_sha1, GET_SHA1_QUIETLY)))
 		warning(warn_msg, len, str);
 
 	if (reflog_len) {
@@ -315,10 +546,6 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		unsigned long co_time;
 		int co_tz, co_cnt;
 
-		/* a @{-N} placed anywhere except the start is an error */
-		if (str[at+2] == '-')
-			return -1;
-
 		/* Is it asking for N-th entry, or approxidate? */
 		for (i = nth = 0; 0 <= nth && i < reflog_len; i++) {
 			char ch = str[at+2+i];
@@ -337,17 +564,33 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 			char *tmp = xstrndup(str + at + 2, reflog_len);
 			at_time = approxidate_careful(tmp, &errors);
 			free(tmp);
-			if (errors)
+			if (errors) {
+				free(real_ref);
 				return -1;
+			}
 		}
-		if (read_ref_at(real_ref, at_time, nth, sha1, NULL,
+		if (read_ref_at(real_ref, flags, at_time, nth, sha1, NULL,
 				&co_time, &co_tz, &co_cnt)) {
-			if (at_time)
-				warning("Log for '%.*s' only goes "
-					"back to %s.", len, str,
-					show_date(co_time, co_tz, DATE_RFC2822));
-			else {
-				free(real_ref);
+			if (!len) {
+				if (starts_with(real_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+					str = real_ref + 11;
+					len = strlen(real_ref + 11);
+				} else {
+					/* detached HEAD */
+					str = "HEAD";
+					len = 4;
+				}
+			}
+			if (at_time) {
+				if (!(flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY)) {
+					warning("Log for '%.*s' only goes "
+						"back to %s.", len, str,
+						show_date(co_time, co_tz, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY) {
+					exit(128);
+				}
 				die("Log for '%.*s' only has %d entries.",
 				    len, str, co_cnt);
 			}
@@ -362,25 +605,23 @@ static int get_parent(const char *name, int len,
 		      unsigned char *result, int idx)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH);
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct commit_list *p;
 
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit)
-		return -1;
 	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		return -1;
 	if (!idx) {
-		hashcpy(result, commit->object.sha1);
+		hashcpy(result, commit->object.oid.hash);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	p = commit->parents;
 	while (p) {
 		if (!--idx) {
-			hashcpy(result, p->item->object.sha1);
+			hashcpy(result, p->item->object.oid.hash);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		p = p->next;
@@ -395,7 +636,7 @@ static int get_nth_ancestor(const char *name, int len,
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
@@ -407,7 +648,7 @@ static int get_nth_ancestor(const char *name, int len,
 			return -1;
 		commit = commit->parents->item;
 	}
-	hashcpy(result, commit->object.sha1);
+	hashcpy(result, commit->object.oid.hash);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -417,9 +658,9 @@ struct object *peel_to_type(const char *name, int namelen,
 	if (name && !namelen)
 		namelen = strlen(name);
 	while (1) {
-		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
+		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->oid.hash)))
 			return NULL;
-		if (o->type == expected_type)
+		if (expected_type == OBJ_ANY || o->type == expected_type)
 			return o;
 		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG)
 			o = ((struct tag*) o)->tagged;
@@ -441,6 +682,7 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	unsigned char outer[20];
 	const char *sp;
 	unsigned int expected_type = 0;
+	unsigned lookup_flags = 0;
 	struct object *o;
 
 	/*
@@ -463,12 +705,16 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		return -1;
 
 	sp++; /* beginning of type name, or closing brace for empty */
-	if (!strncmp(commit_type, sp, 6) && sp[6] == '}')
+	if (starts_with(sp, "commit}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_COMMIT;
-	else if (!strncmp(tree_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+	else if (starts_with(sp, "tag}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_TAG;
+	else if (starts_with(sp, "tree}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_TREE;
-	else if (!strncmp(blob_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+	else if (starts_with(sp, "blob}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	else if (starts_with(sp, "object}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_ANY;
 	else if (sp[0] == '}')
 		expected_type = OBJ_NONE;
 	else if (sp[0] == '/')
@@ -476,7 +722,12 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	else
 		return -1;
 
-	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer))
+	if (expected_type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH;
+	else if (expected_type == OBJ_TREE)
+		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_TREEISH;
+
+	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer, lookup_flags))
 		return -1;
 
 	o = parse_object(outer);
@@ -484,9 +735,9 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		return -1;
 	if (!expected_type) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, name, sp - name - 2);
-		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
+		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->oid.hash)))
 			return -1;
-		hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+		hashcpy(sha1, o->oid.hash);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -499,7 +750,7 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!o)
 		return -1;
 
-	hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+	hashcpy(sha1, o->oid.hash);
 	if (sp[0] == '/') {
 		/* "$commit^{/foo}" */
 		char *prefix;
@@ -525,24 +776,25 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 static int get_describe_name(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	const char *cp;
+	unsigned flags = GET_SHA1_QUIETLY | GET_SHA1_COMMIT;
 
 	for (cp = name + len - 1; name + 2 <= cp; cp--) {
 		char ch = *cp;
-		if (hexval(ch) & ~0377) {
+		if (!isxdigit(ch)) {
 			/* We must be looking at g in "SOMETHING-g"
 			 * for it to be describe output.
 			 */
 			if (ch == 'g' && cp[-1] == '-') {
 				cp++;
 				len -= cp - name;
-				return get_short_sha1(cp, len, sha1, 1);
+				return get_short_sha1(cp, len, sha1, flags);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned lookup_flags)
 {
 	int ret, has_suffix;
 	const char *cp;
@@ -578,7 +830,7 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!ret)
 		return 0;
 
-	ret = get_sha1_basic(name, len, sha1);
+	ret = get_sha1_basic(name, len, sha1, lookup_flags);
 	if (!ret)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -587,7 +839,7 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!ret)
 		return 0;
 
-	return get_short_sha1(name, len, sha1, 0);
+	return get_short_sha1(name, len, sha1, lookup_flags);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -595,16 +847,22 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
  * through history and returning the first commit whose message starts
  * the given regular expression.
  *
- * For future extension, ':/!' is reserved. If you want to match a message
- * beginning with a '!', you have to repeat the exclamation mark.
+ * For negative-matching, prefix the pattern-part with '!-', like: ':/!-WIP'.
+ *
+ * For a literal '!' character at the beginning of a pattern, you have to repeat
+ * that, like: ':/!!foo'
+ *
+ * For future extension, all other sequences beginning with ':/!' are reserved.
  */
+
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define ONELINE_SEEN (1u<<20)
 
-static int handle_one_ref(const char *path,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid,
+			  int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct commit_list **list = cb_data;
-	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+	struct object *object = parse_object(oid->hash);
 	if (!object)
 		return 0;
 	if (object->type == OBJ_TAG) {
@@ -614,7 +872,7 @@ static int handle_one_ref(const char *path,
 	}
 	if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 0;
-	commit_list_insert_by_date((struct commit *)object, list);
+	commit_list_insert((struct commit *)object, list);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -623,46 +881,42 @@ static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *prefix, unsigned char *sha1,
 {
 	struct commit_list *backup = NULL, *l;
 	int found = 0;
+	int negative = 0;
 	regex_t regex;
 
 	if (prefix[0] == '!') {
-		if (prefix[1] != '!')
-			die ("Invalid search pattern: %s", prefix);
 		prefix++;
+
+		if (prefix[0] == '-') {
+			prefix++;
+			negative = 1;
+		} else if (prefix[0] != '!') {
+			return -1;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (regcomp(&regex, prefix, REG_EXTENDED))
-		die("Invalid search pattern: %s", prefix);
+		return -1;
 
 	for (l = list; l; l = l->next) {
 		l->item->object.flags |= ONELINE_SEEN;
 		commit_list_insert(l->item, &backup);
 	}
 	while (list) {
-		char *p, *to_free = NULL;
+		const char *p, *buf;
 		struct commit *commit;
-		enum object_type type;
-		unsigned long size;
 		int matches;
 
 		commit = pop_most_recent_commit(&list, ONELINE_SEEN);
-		if (!parse_object(commit->object.sha1))
+		if (!parse_object(commit->object.oid.hash))
 			continue;
-		if (commit->buffer)
-			p = commit->buffer;
-		else {
-			p = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-			if (!p)
-				continue;
-			to_free = p;
-		}
-
-		p = strstr(p, "\n\n");
-		matches = p && !regexec(&regex, p + 2, 0, NULL, 0);
-		free(to_free);
+		buf = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+		p = strstr(buf, "\n\n");
+		matches = negative ^ (p && !regexec(&regex, p + 2, 0, NULL, 0));
+		unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buf);
 
 		if (matches) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+			hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.oid.hash);
 			found = 1;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -676,8 +930,8 @@ static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *prefix, unsigned char *sha1,
 }
 
 struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata {
-	long cnt, alloc;
-	struct strbuf *buf;
+	int remaining;
+	struct strbuf buf;
 };
 
 static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
@@ -687,20 +941,18 @@ static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
 	const char *match = NULL, *target = NULL;
 	size_t len;
-	int nth;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from ")) {
-		match = message + strlen("checkout: moving from ");
+	if (skip_prefix(message, "checkout: moving from ", &match))
 		target = strstr(match, " to ");
-	}
 
 	if (!match || !target)
 		return 0;
-
-	len = target - match;
-	nth = cb->cnt++ % cb->alloc;
-	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf[nth]);
-	strbuf_add(&cb->buf[nth], match, len);
+	if (--(cb->remaining) == 0) {
+		len = target - match;
+		strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+		strbuf_add(&cb->buf, match, len);
+		return 1; /* we are done */
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -708,47 +960,38 @@ static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
  * Parse @{-N} syntax, return the number of characters parsed
  * if successful; otherwise signal an error with negative value.
  */
-static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, int namelen,
+					struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	long nth;
-	int i, retval;
+	int retval;
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata cb;
 	const char *brace;
 	char *num_end;
 
+	if (namelen < 4)
+		return -1;
 	if (name[0] != '@' || name[1] != '{' || name[2] != '-')
 		return -1;
-	brace = strchr(name, '}');
+	brace = memchr(name, '}', namelen);
 	if (!brace)
 		return -1;
-	nth = strtol(name+3, &num_end, 10);
+	nth = strtol(name + 3, &num_end, 10);
 	if (num_end != brace)
 		return -1;
 	if (nth <= 0)
 		return -1;
-	cb.alloc = nth;
-	cb.buf = xmalloc(nth * sizeof(struct strbuf));
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_init(&cb.buf[i], 20);
-	cb.cnt = 0;
+	cb.remaining = nth;
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 20);
+
 	retval = 0;
-	for_each_recent_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, 40960, &cb);
-	if (cb.cnt < nth) {
-		cb.cnt = 0;
-		for_each_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb);
+	if (0 < for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb)) {
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &cb.buf);
+		retval = brace - name + 1;
 	}
-	if (cb.cnt < nth)
-		goto release_return;
-	i = cb.cnt % nth;
-	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf[i].buf, cb.buf[i].len);
-	retval = brace-name+1;
-
-release_return:
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_release(&cb.buf[i]);
-	free(cb.buf);
 
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -769,7 +1012,7 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 		struct strbuf sb;
 		strbuf_init(&sb, dots - name);
 		strbuf_add(&sb, name, dots - name);
-		st = get_sha1(sb.buf, sha1_tmp);
+		st = get_sha1_committish(sb.buf, sha1_tmp);
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 	}
 	if (st)
@@ -778,22 +1021,106 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!one)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (get_sha1(dots[3] ? (dots + 3) : "HEAD", sha1_tmp))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(dots[3] ? (dots + 3) : "HEAD", sha1_tmp))
 		return -1;
 	two = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1_tmp, 0);
 	if (!two)
 		return -1;
-	mbs = get_merge_bases(one, two, 1);
+	mbs = get_merge_bases(one, two);
 	if (!mbs || mbs->next)
 		st = -1;
 	else {
 		st = 0;
-		hashcpy(sha1, mbs->item->object.sha1);
+		hashcpy(sha1, mbs->item->object.oid.hash);
 	}
 	free_commit_list(mbs);
 	return st;
 }
 
+/* parse @something syntax, when 'something' is not {.*} */
+static int interpret_empty_at(const char *name, int namelen, int len, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *next;
+
+	if (len || name[1] == '{')
+		return -1;
+
+	/* make sure it's a single @, or @@{.*}, not @foo */
+	next = memchr(name + len + 1, '@', namelen - len - 1);
+	if (next && next[1] != '{')
+		return -1;
+	if (!next)
+		next = name + namelen;
+	if (next != name + 1)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_add(buf, "HEAD", 4);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int reinterpret(const char *name, int namelen, int len, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
+	struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int used = buf->len;
+	int ret;
+
+	strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
+	ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, buf->len, &tmp);
+	/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
+		return len;
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
+	strbuf_release(&tmp);
+	/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
+	return ret - used + len;
+}
+
+static void set_shortened_ref(struct strbuf *buf, const char *ref)
+{
+	char *s = shorten_unambiguous_ref(ref, 0);
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, s);
+	free(s);
+}
+
+static int interpret_branch_mark(const char *name, int namelen,
+				 int at, struct strbuf *buf,
+				 int (*get_mark)(const char *, int),
+				 const char *(*get_data)(struct branch *,
+							 struct strbuf *))
+{
+	int len;
+	struct branch *branch;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *value;
+
+	len = get_mark(name + at, namelen - at);
+	if (!len)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (memchr(name, ':', at))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (at) {
+		char *name_str = xmemdupz(name, at);
+		branch = branch_get(name_str);
+		free(name_str);
+	} else
+		branch = branch_get(NULL);
+
+	value = get_data(branch, &err);
+	if (!value)
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	set_shortened_ref(buf, value);
+	return len + at;
+}
+
 /*
  * This reads short-hand syntax that not only evaluates to a commit
  * object name, but also can act as if the end user spelled the name
@@ -815,65 +1142,56 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
  * If the input was ok but there are not N branch switches in the
  * reflog, it returns 0.
  */
-int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, int namelen, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	char *cp;
-	struct branch *upstream;
-	int namelen = strlen(name);
-	int len = interpret_nth_prior_checkout(name, buf);
-	int tmp_len;
+	char *at;
+	const char *start;
+	int len = interpret_nth_prior_checkout(name, namelen, buf);
 
-	if (!len)
+	if (!namelen)
+		namelen = strlen(name);
+
+	if (!len) {
 		return len; /* syntax Ok, not enough switches */
-	if (0 < len && len == namelen)
-		return len; /* consumed all */
-	else if (0 < len) {
-		/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
-		struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int used = buf->len;
-		int ret;
+	} else if (len > 0) {
+		if (len == namelen)
+			return len; /* consumed all */
+		else
+			return reinterpret(name, namelen, len, buf);
+	}
+
+	for (start = name;
+	     (at = memchr(start, '@', namelen - (start - name)));
+	     start = at + 1) {
 
-		strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
-		ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, &tmp);
-		/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
+		len = interpret_empty_at(name, namelen, at - name, buf);
+		if (len > 0)
+			return reinterpret(name, namelen, len, buf);
+
+		len = interpret_branch_mark(name, namelen, at - name, buf,
+					    upstream_mark, branch_get_upstream);
+		if (len > 0)
+			return len;
+
+		len = interpret_branch_mark(name, namelen, at - name, buf,
+					    push_mark, branch_get_push);
+		if (len > 0)
 			return len;
-		}
-		strbuf_reset(buf);
-		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
-		strbuf_release(&tmp);
-		/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
-		return ret - used + len;
 	}
 
-	cp = strchr(name, '@');
-	if (!cp)
-		return -1;
-	tmp_len = upstream_mark(cp, namelen - (cp - name));
-	if (!tmp_len)
-		return -1;
-	len = cp + tmp_len - name;
-	cp = xstrndup(name, cp - name);
-	upstream = branch_get(*cp ? cp : NULL);
-	if (!upstream
-	    || !upstream->merge
-	    || !upstream->merge[0]->dst)
-		return error("No upstream branch found for '%s'", cp);
-	free(cp);
-	cp = shorten_unambiguous_ref(upstream->merge[0]->dst, 0);
-	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	strbuf_addstr(buf, cp);
-	free(cp);
-	return len;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
 {
 	int len = strlen(name);
-	if (interpret_branch_name(name, sb) == len)
+	int used = interpret_branch_name(name, len, sb);
+
+	if (used == len)
 		return 0;
-	strbuf_add(sb, name, len);
+	if (used < 0)
+		used = 0;
+	strbuf_add(sb, name + used, len - used);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -893,44 +1211,95 @@ int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
 int get_sha1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object_context unused;
-	return get_sha1_with_context(name, sha1, &unused);
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, 0, sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is like "get_sha1()", but for struct object_id.
+ */
+int get_oid(const char *name, struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	return get_sha1(name, oid->hash);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Many callers know that the user meant to name a commit-ish by
+ * syntactical positions where the object name appears.  Calling this
+ * function allows the machinery to disambiguate shorter-than-unique
+ * abbreviated object names between commit-ish and others.
+ *
+ * Note that this does NOT error out when the named object is not a
+ * commit-ish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
+ * machinery.
+ */
+int get_sha1_committish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_treeish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_TREEISH,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_commit(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_COMMIT,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_tree(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_TREE,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_blob(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_BLOB,
+				     sha1, &unused);
 }
 
 /* Must be called only when object_name:filename doesn't exist. */
 static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
 				       const char *filename,
 				       const unsigned char *tree_sha1,
-				       const char *object_name)
+				       const char *object_name,
+				       int object_name_len)
 {
-	struct stat st;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	unsigned mode;
 
 	if (!prefix)
 		prefix = "";
 
-	if (!lstat(filename, &st))
-		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%s'.",
-		    filename, object_name);
+	if (file_exists(filename))
+		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%.*s'.",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) {
-		char *fullname = xmalloc(strlen(filename)
-					     + strlen(prefix) + 1);
-		strcpy(fullname, prefix);
-		strcat(fullname, filename);
+		char *fullname = xstrfmt("%s%s", prefix, filename);
 
 		if (!get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, fullname,
 				    sha1, &mode)) {
 			die("Path '%s' exists, but not '%s'.\n"
-			    "Did you mean '%s:%s' aka '%s:./%s'?",
+			    "Did you mean '%.*s:%s' aka '%.*s:./%s'?",
 			    fullname,
 			    filename,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    fullname,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    filename);
 		}
-		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%s'",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%.*s'",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -939,12 +1308,10 @@ static void diagnose_invalid_index_path(int stage,
 					const char *prefix,
 					const char *filename)
 {
-	struct stat st;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int pos;
 	unsigned namelen = strlen(filename);
-	unsigned fullnamelen;
-	char *fullname;
+	struct strbuf fullname = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!prefix)
 		prefix = "";
@@ -964,52 +1331,37 @@ static void diagnose_invalid_index_path(int stage,
 	}
 
 	/* Confusion between relative and absolute filenames? */
-	fullnamelen = namelen + strlen(prefix);
-	fullname = xmalloc(fullnamelen + 1);
-	strcpy(fullname, prefix);
-	strcat(fullname, filename);
-	pos = cache_name_pos(fullname, fullnamelen);
+	strbuf_addstr(&fullname, prefix);
+	strbuf_addstr(&fullname, filename);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(fullname.buf, fullname.len);
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -pos - 1;
 	if (pos < active_nr) {
 		ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (ce_namelen(ce) == fullnamelen &&
-		    !memcmp(ce->name, fullname, fullnamelen))
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) == fullname.len &&
+		    !memcmp(ce->name, fullname.buf, fullname.len))
 			die("Path '%s' is in the index, but not '%s'.\n"
 			    "Did you mean ':%d:%s' aka ':%d:./%s'?",
-			    fullname, filename,
-			    ce_stage(ce), fullname,
+			    fullname.buf, filename,
+			    ce_stage(ce), fullname.buf,
 			    ce_stage(ce), filename);
 	}
 
-	if (!lstat(filename, &st))
+	if (file_exists(filename))
 		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in the index.", filename);
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
 		die("Path '%s' does not exist (neither on disk nor in the index).",
 		    filename);
 
-	free(fullname);
+	strbuf_release(&fullname);
 }
 
 
-int get_sha1_with_mode_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode,
-			 int only_to_die, const char *prefix)
-{
-	struct object_context oc;
-	int ret;
-	ret = get_sha1_with_context_1(name, sha1, &oc, only_to_die, prefix);
-	*mode = oc.mode;
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static char *resolve_relative_path(const char *rel)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(rel, "./") && prefixcmp(rel, "../"))
+	if (!starts_with(rel, "./") && !starts_with(rel, "../"))
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!startup_info)
-		die("BUG: startup_info struct is not initialized.");
-
 	if (!is_inside_work_tree())
 		die("relative path syntax can't be used outside working tree.");
 
@@ -1019,20 +1371,24 @@ static char *resolve_relative_path(const char *rel)
 			   rel);
 }
 
-int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
-			    struct object_context *oc,
-			    int only_to_die, const char *prefix)
+static int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name,
+				   unsigned flags,
+				   const char *prefix,
+				   unsigned char *sha1,
+				   struct object_context *oc)
 {
 	int ret, bracket_depth;
 	int namelen = strlen(name);
 	const char *cp;
+	int only_to_die = flags & GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE;
 
 	memset(oc, 0, sizeof(*oc));
 	oc->mode = S_IFINVALID;
-	ret = get_sha1_1(name, namelen, sha1);
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, namelen, sha1, flags);
 	if (!ret)
 		return ret;
-	/* sha1:path --> object name of path in ent sha1
+	/*
+	 * sha1:path --> object name of path in ent sha1
 	 * :path -> object name of absolute path in index
 	 * :./path -> object name of path relative to cwd in index
 	 * :[0-3]:path -> object name of path in index at stage
@@ -1040,12 +1396,14 @@ int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 	 */
 	if (name[0] == ':') {
 		int stage = 0;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
 		char *new_path = NULL;
 		int pos;
 		if (!only_to_die && namelen > 2 && name[1] == '/') {
 			struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+
 			for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &list);
+			commit_list_sort_by_date(&list);
 			return get_sha1_oneline(name + 2, sha1, list);
 		}
 		if (namelen < 3 ||
@@ -1064,9 +1422,7 @@ int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 			namelen = strlen(cp);
 		}
 
-		strncpy(oc->path, cp,
-			sizeof(oc->path));
-		oc->path[sizeof(oc->path)-1] = '\0';
+		strlcpy(oc->path, cp, sizeof(oc->path));
 
 		if (!active_cache)
 			read_cache();
@@ -1101,36 +1457,58 @@ int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 	}
 	if (*cp == ':') {
 		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-		char *object_name = NULL;
-		if (only_to_die) {
-			object_name = xmalloc(cp-name+1);
-			strncpy(object_name, name, cp-name);
-			object_name[cp-name] = '\0';
-		}
-		if (!get_sha1_1(name, cp-name, tree_sha1)) {
+		int len = cp - name;
+		if (!get_sha1_1(name, len, tree_sha1, GET_SHA1_TREEISH)) {
 			const char *filename = cp+1;
 			char *new_filename = NULL;
 
 			new_filename = resolve_relative_path(filename);
 			if (new_filename)
 				filename = new_filename;
-			ret = get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, filename, sha1, &oc->mode);
-			if (only_to_die) {
-				diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(prefix, filename,
-							   tree_sha1, object_name);
-				free(object_name);
+			if (flags & GET_SHA1_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS) {
+				ret = get_tree_entry_follow_symlinks(tree_sha1,
+					filename, sha1, &oc->symlink_path,
+					&oc->mode);
+			} else {
+				ret = get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, filename,
+						     sha1, &oc->mode);
+				if (ret && only_to_die) {
+					diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(prefix,
+								   filename,
+								   tree_sha1,
+								   name, len);
+				}
 			}
 			hashcpy(oc->tree, tree_sha1);
-			strncpy(oc->path, filename,
-				sizeof(oc->path));
-			oc->path[sizeof(oc->path)-1] = '\0';
+			strlcpy(oc->path, filename, sizeof(oc->path));
 
 			free(new_filename);
 			return ret;
 		} else {
 			if (only_to_die)
-				die("Invalid object name '%s'.", object_name);
+				die("Invalid object name '%.*s'.", len, name);
 		}
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Call this function when you know "name" given by the end user must
+ * name an object but it doesn't; the function _may_ die with a better
+ * diagnostic message than "no such object 'name'", e.g. "Path 'doc' does not
+ * exist in 'HEAD'" when given "HEAD:doc", or it may return in which case
+ * you have a chance to diagnose the error further.
+ */
+void maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(const char *name, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct object_context oc;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	get_sha1_with_context_1(name, GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE, prefix, sha1, &oc);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned flags, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc)
+{
+	if (flags & GET_SHA1_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS && flags & GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE)
+		die("BUG: incompatible flags for get_sha1_with_context");
+	return get_sha1_with_context_1(str, flags, NULL, sha1, orc);
+}
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index a0363dea20..4d554caf8d 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -1,8 +1,29 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
 
 static int is_shallow = -1;
+static struct stat_validity shallow_stat;
+static char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path, int override)
+{
+	if (is_shallow != -1)
+		die("BUG: is_repository_shallow must not be called before set_alternate_shallow_file");
+	if (alternate_shallow_file && !override)
+		return;
+	free(alternate_shallow_file);
+	alternate_shallow_file = xstrdup_or_null(path);
+}
 
 int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
@@ -10,7 +31,7 @@ int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_graft));
 	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
 
-	hashcpy(graft->sha1, sha1);
+	hashcpy(graft->oid.hash, sha1);
 	graft->nr_parent = -1;
 	if (commit && commit->object.parsed)
 		commit->parents = NULL;
@@ -21,15 +42,24 @@ int is_repository_shallow(void)
 {
 	FILE *fp;
 	char buf[1024];
+	const char *path = alternate_shallow_file;
 
 	if (is_shallow >= 0)
 		return is_shallow;
 
-	fp = fopen(git_path("shallow"), "r");
-	if (!fp) {
+	if (!path)
+		path = git_path_shallow();
+	/*
+	 * fetch-pack sets '--shallow-file ""' as an indicator that no
+	 * shallow file should be used. We could just open it and it
+	 * will likely fail. But let's do an explicit check instead.
+	 */
+	if (!*path || (fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) {
+		stat_validity_clear(&shallow_stat);
 		is_shallow = 0;
 		return is_shallow;
 	}
+	stat_validity_update(&shallow_stat, fileno(fp));
 	is_shallow = 1;
 
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
@@ -49,6 +79,7 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
 	struct object_array stack = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+	struct commit_graft *graft;
 
 	while (commit || i < heads->nr || stack.nr) {
 		struct commit_list *p;
@@ -70,10 +101,18 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 				cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
 			}
 		}
-		if (parse_commit(commit))
-			die("invalid commit");
-		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
+		parse_commit_or_die(commit);
 		cur_depth++;
+		if ((depth != INFINITE_DEPTH && cur_depth >= depth) ||
+		    (is_repository_shallow() && !commit->parents &&
+		     (graft = lookup_commit_graft(commit->object.oid.hash)) != NULL &&
+		     graft->nr_parent < 0)) {
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &result);
+			commit->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			commit = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
 		for (p = commit->parents, commit = NULL; p; p = p->next) {
 			if (!p->item->util) {
 				int *pointer = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
@@ -85,20 +124,541 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 					continue;
 				*pointer = cur_depth;
 			}
-			if (cur_depth < depth) {
-				if (p->next)
-					add_object_array(&p->item->object,
-							NULL, &stack);
-				else {
-					commit = p->item;
-					cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
-				}
-			} else {
-				commit_list_insert(p->item, &result);
-				p->item->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			if (p->next)
+				add_object_array(&p->item->object,
+						NULL, &stack);
+			else {
+				commit = p->item;
+				cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	return result;
 }
+
+static void check_shallow_file_for_update(void)
+{
+	if (is_shallow == -1)
+		die("BUG: shallow must be initialized by now");
+
+	if (!stat_validity_check(&shallow_stat, git_path_shallow()))
+		die("shallow file has changed since we read it");
+}
+
+#define SEEN_ONLY 1
+#define VERBOSE   2
+
+struct write_shallow_data {
+	struct strbuf *out;
+	int use_pack_protocol;
+	int count;
+	unsigned flags;
+};
+
+static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
+	const char *hex = oid_to_hex(&graft->oid);
+	if (graft->nr_parent != -1)
+		return 0;
+	if (data->flags & SEEN_ONLY) {
+		struct commit *c = lookup_commit(graft->oid.hash);
+		if (!c || !(c->object.flags & SEEN)) {
+			if (data->flags & VERBOSE)
+				printf("Removing %s from .git/shallow\n",
+				       oid_to_hex(&c->object.oid));
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	data->count++;
+	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
+		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
+	else {
+		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
+		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_shallow_commits_1(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol,
+				   const struct sha1_array *extra,
+				   unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data data;
+	int i;
+	data.out = out;
+	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
+	data.count = 0;
+	data.flags = flags;
+	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
+	if (!extra)
+		return data.count;
+	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++) {
+		strbuf_addstr(out, sha1_to_hex(extra->sha1[i]));
+		strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		data.count++;
+	}
+	return data.count;
+}
+
+int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol,
+			  const struct sha1_array *extra)
+{
+	return write_shallow_commits_1(out, use_pack_protocol, extra, 0);
+}
+
+static struct tempfile temporary_shallow;
+
+const char *setup_temporary_shallow(const struct sha1_array *extra)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0, extra)) {
+		fd = xmks_tempfile(&temporary_shallow, git_path("shallow_XXXXXX"));
+
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  get_tempfile_path(&temporary_shallow));
+		close_tempfile(&temporary_shallow);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return get_tempfile_path(&temporary_shallow);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no shallow
+	 * file".
+	 */
+	return get_tempfile_path(&temporary_shallow);
+}
+
+void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
+			     const char **alternate_shallow_file,
+			     const struct sha1_array *extra)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(shallow_lock, git_path_shallow(),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	check_shallow_file_for_update();
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0, extra)) {
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  get_lock_file_path(shallow_lock));
+		*alternate_shallow_file = get_lock_file_path(shallow_lock);
+	} else
+		/*
+		 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no
+		 * shallow file".
+		 */
+		*alternate_shallow_file = "";
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static int advertise_shallow_grafts_cb(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb)
+{
+	int fd = *(int *)cb;
+	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
+		packet_write(fd, "shallow %s\n", oid_to_hex(&graft->oid));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void advertise_shallow_grafts(int fd)
+{
+	if (!is_repository_shallow())
+		return;
+	for_each_commit_graft(advertise_shallow_grafts_cb, &fd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * mark_reachable_objects() should have been run prior to this and all
+ * reachable commits marked as "SEEN".
+ */
+void prune_shallow(int show_only)
+{
+	static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (show_only) {
+		write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, SEEN_ONLY | VERBOSE);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return;
+	}
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&shallow_lock, git_path_shallow(),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	check_shallow_file_for_update();
+	if (write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, SEEN_ONLY)) {
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  get_lock_file_path(&shallow_lock));
+		commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+	} else {
+		unlink(git_path_shallow());
+		rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+struct trace_key trace_shallow = TRACE_KEY_INIT(SHALLOW);
+
+/*
+ * Step 1, split sender shallow commits into "ours" and "theirs"
+ * Step 2, clean "ours" based on .git/shallow
+ */
+void prepare_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *info, struct sha1_array *sa)
+{
+	int i;
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: prepare_shallow_info\n");
+	memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
+	info->shallow = sa;
+	if (!sa)
+		return;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(info->ours, sa->nr);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(info->theirs, sa->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->nr; i++) {
+		if (has_sha1_file(sa->sha1[i])) {
+			struct commit_graft *graft;
+			graft = lookup_commit_graft(sa->sha1[i]);
+			if (graft && graft->nr_parent < 0)
+				continue;
+			info->ours[info->nr_ours++] = i;
+		} else
+			info->theirs[info->nr_theirs++] = i;
+	}
+}
+
+void clear_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *info)
+{
+	free(info->ours);
+	free(info->theirs);
+}
+
+/* Step 4, remove non-existent ones in "theirs" after getting the pack */
+
+void remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(struct shallow_info *info)
+{
+	unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = info->shallow->sha1;
+	int i, dst;
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow\n");
+	for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++) {
+		if (i != dst)
+			info->theirs[dst] = info->theirs[i];
+		if (has_sha1_file(sha1[info->theirs[i]]))
+			dst++;
+	}
+	info->nr_theirs = dst;
+}
+
+define_commit_slab(ref_bitmap, uint32_t *);
+
+struct paint_info {
+	struct ref_bitmap ref_bitmap;
+	unsigned nr_bits;
+	char **slab;
+	char *free, *end;
+	unsigned slab_count;
+};
+
+static uint32_t *paint_alloc(struct paint_info *info)
+{
+	unsigned nr = (info->nr_bits + 31) / 32;
+	unsigned size = nr * sizeof(uint32_t);
+	void *p;
+	if (!info->slab_count || info->free + size > info->end) {
+		info->slab_count++;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(info->slab, info->slab_count);
+		info->free = xmalloc(COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE);
+		info->slab[info->slab_count - 1] = info->free;
+		info->end = info->free + COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE;
+	}
+	p = info->free;
+	info->free += size;
+	return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a commit SHA-1, walk down to parents until either SEEN,
+ * UNINTERESTING or BOTTOM is hit. Set the id-th bit in ref_bitmap for
+ * all walked commits.
+ */
+static void paint_down(struct paint_info *info, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		       int id)
+{
+	unsigned int i, nr;
+	struct commit_list *head = NULL;
+	int bitmap_nr = (info->nr_bits + 31) / 32;
+	size_t bitmap_size = st_mult(bitmap_nr, sizeof(uint32_t));
+	uint32_t *tmp = xmalloc(bitmap_size); /* to be freed before return */
+	uint32_t *bitmap = paint_alloc(info);
+	struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!c)
+		return;
+	memset(bitmap, 0, bitmap_size);
+	bitmap[id / 32] |= (1 << (id % 32));
+	commit_list_insert(c, &head);
+	while (head) {
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		struct commit *c = pop_commit(&head);
+		uint32_t **refs = ref_bitmap_at(&info->ref_bitmap, c);
+
+		/* XXX check "UNINTERESTING" from pack bitmaps if available */
+		if (c->object.flags & (SEEN | UNINTERESTING))
+			continue;
+		else
+			c->object.flags |= SEEN;
+
+		if (*refs == NULL)
+			*refs = bitmap;
+		else {
+			memcpy(tmp, *refs, bitmap_size);
+			for (i = 0; i < bitmap_nr; i++)
+				tmp[i] |= bitmap[i];
+			if (memcmp(tmp, *refs, bitmap_size)) {
+				*refs = paint_alloc(info);
+				memcpy(*refs, tmp, bitmap_size);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (c->object.flags & BOTTOM)
+			continue;
+
+		if (parse_commit(c))
+			die("unable to parse commit %s",
+			    oid_to_hex(&c->object.oid));
+
+		for (p = c->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+			uint32_t **p_refs = ref_bitmap_at(&info->ref_bitmap,
+							  p->item);
+			if (p->item->object.flags & SEEN)
+				continue;
+			if (*p_refs == NULL || *p_refs == *refs)
+				*p_refs = *refs;
+			commit_list_insert(p->item, &head);
+		}
+	}
+
+	nr = get_max_object_index();
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		struct object *o = get_indexed_object(i);
+		if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+			o->flags &= ~SEEN;
+	}
+
+	free(tmp);
+}
+
+static int mark_uninteresting(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid->hash, 1);
+	if (!commit)
+		return 0;
+	commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void post_assign_shallow(struct shallow_info *info,
+				struct ref_bitmap *ref_bitmap,
+				int *ref_status);
+/*
+ * Step 6(+7), associate shallow commits with new refs
+ *
+ * info->ref must be initialized before calling this function.
+ *
+ * If used is not NULL, it's an array of info->shallow->nr
+ * bitmaps. The n-th bit set in the m-th bitmap if ref[n] needs the
+ * m-th shallow commit from info->shallow.
+ *
+ * If used is NULL, "ours" and "theirs" are updated. And if ref_status
+ * is not NULL it's an array of ref->nr ints. ref_status[i] is true if
+ * the ref needs some shallow commits from either info->ours or
+ * info->theirs.
+ */
+void assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(struct shallow_info *info,
+				    uint32_t **used, int *ref_status)
+{
+	unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = info->shallow->sha1;
+	struct sha1_array *ref = info->ref;
+	unsigned int i, nr;
+	int *shallow, nr_shallow = 0;
+	struct paint_info pi;
+
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: assign_shallow_commits_to_refs\n");
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(shallow, info->nr_ours + info->nr_theirs);
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr_ours; i++)
+		shallow[nr_shallow++] = info->ours[i];
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++)
+		shallow[nr_shallow++] = info->theirs[i];
+
+	/*
+	 * Prepare the commit graph to track what refs can reach what
+	 * (new) shallow commits.
+	 */
+	nr = get_max_object_index();
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		struct object *o = get_indexed_object(i);
+		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			continue;
+
+		o->flags &= ~(UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM | SEEN);
+	}
+
+	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
+	init_ref_bitmap(&pi.ref_bitmap);
+	pi.nr_bits = ref->nr;
+
+	/*
+	 * "--not --all" to cut short the traversal if new refs
+	 * connect to old refs. If not (e.g. force ref updates) it'll
+	 * have to go down to the current shallow commits.
+	 */
+	head_ref(mark_uninteresting, NULL);
+	for_each_ref(mark_uninteresting, NULL);
+
+	/* Mark potential bottoms so we won't go out of bound */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_shallow; i++) {
+		struct commit *c = lookup_commit(sha1[shallow[i]]);
+		c->object.flags |= BOTTOM;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ref->nr; i++)
+		paint_down(&pi, ref->sha1[i], i);
+
+	if (used) {
+		int bitmap_size = ((pi.nr_bits + 31) / 32) * sizeof(uint32_t);
+		memset(used, 0, sizeof(*used) * info->shallow->nr);
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_shallow; i++) {
+			const struct commit *c = lookup_commit(sha1[shallow[i]]);
+			uint32_t **map = ref_bitmap_at(&pi.ref_bitmap, c);
+			if (*map)
+				used[shallow[i]] = xmemdupz(*map, bitmap_size);
+		}
+		/*
+		 * unreachable shallow commits are not removed from
+		 * "ours" and "theirs". The user is supposed to run
+		 * step 7 on every ref separately and not trust "ours"
+		 * and "theirs" any more.
+		 */
+	} else
+		post_assign_shallow(info, &pi.ref_bitmap, ref_status);
+
+	clear_ref_bitmap(&pi.ref_bitmap);
+	for (i = 0; i < pi.slab_count; i++)
+		free(pi.slab[i]);
+	free(pi.slab);
+	free(shallow);
+}
+
+struct commit_array {
+	struct commit **commits;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static int add_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+		   int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct commit_array *ca = cb_data;
+	ALLOC_GROW(ca->commits, ca->nr + 1, ca->alloc);
+	ca->commits[ca->nr] = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid->hash, 1);
+	if (ca->commits[ca->nr])
+		ca->nr++;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void update_refstatus(int *ref_status, int nr, uint32_t *bitmap)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (!ref_status)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+		if (bitmap[i / 32] & (1 << (i % 32)))
+			ref_status[i]++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Step 7, reachability test on "ours" at commit level
+ */
+static void post_assign_shallow(struct shallow_info *info,
+				struct ref_bitmap *ref_bitmap,
+				int *ref_status)
+{
+	unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = info->shallow->sha1;
+	struct commit *c;
+	uint32_t **bitmap;
+	int dst, i, j;
+	int bitmap_nr = (info->ref->nr + 31) / 32;
+	struct commit_array ca;
+
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: post_assign_shallow\n");
+	if (ref_status)
+		memset(ref_status, 0, sizeof(*ref_status) * info->ref->nr);
+
+	/* Remove unreachable shallow commits from "theirs" */
+	for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++) {
+		if (i != dst)
+			info->theirs[dst] = info->theirs[i];
+		c = lookup_commit(sha1[info->theirs[i]]);
+		bitmap = ref_bitmap_at(ref_bitmap, c);
+		if (!*bitmap)
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < bitmap_nr; j++)
+			if (bitmap[0][j]) {
+				update_refstatus(ref_status, info->ref->nr, *bitmap);
+				dst++;
+				break;
+			}
+	}
+	info->nr_theirs = dst;
+
+	memset(&ca, 0, sizeof(ca));
+	head_ref(add_ref, &ca);
+	for_each_ref(add_ref, &ca);
+
+	/* Remove unreachable shallow commits from "ours" */
+	for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_ours; i++) {
+		if (i != dst)
+			info->ours[dst] = info->ours[i];
+		c = lookup_commit(sha1[info->ours[i]]);
+		bitmap = ref_bitmap_at(ref_bitmap, c);
+		if (!*bitmap)
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < bitmap_nr; j++)
+			if (bitmap[0][j] &&
+			    /* Step 7, reachability test at commit level */
+			    !in_merge_bases_many(c, ca.nr, ca.commits)) {
+				update_refstatus(ref_status, info->ref->nr, *bitmap);
+				dst++;
+				break;
+			}
+	}
+	info->nr_ours = dst;
+
+	free(ca.commits);
+}
+
+/* (Delayed) step 7, reachability test at commit level */
+int delayed_reachability_test(struct shallow_info *si, int c)
+{
+	if (si->need_reachability_test[c]) {
+		struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(si->shallow->sha1[c]);
+
+		if (!si->commits) {
+			struct commit_array ca;
+
+			memset(&ca, 0, sizeof(ca));
+			head_ref(add_ref, &ca);
+			for_each_ref(add_ref, &ca);
+			si->commits = ca.commits;
+			si->nr_commits = ca.nr;
+		}
+
+		si->reachable[c] = in_merge_bases_many(commit,
+						       si->nr_commits,
+						       si->commits);
+		si->need_reachability_test[c] = 0;
+	}
+	return si->reachable[c];
+}
diff --git a/shell.c b/shell.c
index 84b237fef3..c5439a63e9 100644
--- a/shell.c
+++ b/shell.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #define COMMAND_DIR "git-shell-commands"
 #define HELP_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/help"
+#define NOLOGIN_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/no-interactive-login"
 
 static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
 {
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
 	setup_path();
 	if (!arg || !(arg = sq_dequote(arg)))
 		die("bad argument");
-	if (prefixcmp(me, "git-"))
+	if (!starts_with(me, "git-"))
 		die("bad command");
 
 	my_argv[0] = me + 4;
@@ -45,11 +46,7 @@ static int is_valid_cmd_name(const char *cmd)
 
 static char *make_cmd(const char *prog)
 {
-	char *prefix = xmalloc((strlen(prog) + strlen(COMMAND_DIR) + 2));
-	strcpy(prefix, COMMAND_DIR);
-	strcat(prefix, "/");
-	strcat(prefix, prog);
-	return prefix;
+	return xstrfmt("%s/%s", COMMAND_DIR, prog);
 }
 
 static void cd_to_homedir(void)
@@ -65,6 +62,18 @@ static void run_shell(void)
 {
 	int done = 0;
 	static const char *help_argv[] = { HELP_COMMAND, NULL };
+
+	if (!access(NOLOGIN_COMMAND, F_OK)) {
+		/* Interactive login disabled. */
+		const char *argv[] = { NOLOGIN_COMMAND, NULL };
+		int status;
+
+		status = run_command_v_opt(argv, 0);
+		if (status < 0)
+			exit(127);
+		exit(status);
+	}
+
 	/* Print help if enabled */
 	run_command_v_opt(help_argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
 
@@ -79,7 +88,7 @@ static void run_shell(void)
 		int count;
 
 		fprintf(stderr, "git> ");
-		if (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') == EOF) {
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, stdin) == EOF) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 			strbuf_release(&line);
 			break;
@@ -134,7 +143,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char *prog;
 	const char **user_argv;
 	struct commands *cmd;
-	int devnull_fd;
 	int count;
 
 	git_setup_gettext();
@@ -143,15 +151,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/*
 	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
-	 * in die().  It also avoids not messing up when the pipes are
-	 * dup'ed onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 * in die().  It also avoids messing up when the pipes are dup'ed
+	 * onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
 	 */
-	devnull_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-	while (devnull_fd >= 0 && devnull_fd <= 2)
-		devnull_fd = dup(devnull_fd);
-	if (devnull_fd == -1)
-		die_errno("opening /dev/null failed");
-	close (devnull_fd);
+	sanitize_stdfds();
 
 	/*
 	 * Special hack to pretend to be a CVS server
diff --git a/show-index.c b/show-index.c
index 5a9eed7fd8..acf8d5445a 100644
--- a/show-index.c
+++ b/show-index.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "pack.h"
 
 static const char show_index_usage[] =
-"git show-index < <packed archive index>";
+"git show-index";
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			uint32_t crc;
 			uint32_t off;
-		} *entries = xmalloc(nr * sizeof(entries[0]));
+		} *entries;
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(entries, nr);
 		for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 			if (fread(entries[i].sha1, 20, 1, stdin) != 1)
 				die("unable to read sha1 %u/%u", i, nr);
diff --git a/sideband.c b/sideband.c
index d5ffa1c891..c09929dafa 100644
--- a/sideband.c
+++ b/sideband.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
 
 	memcpy(buf, PREFIX, pf);
 	term = getenv("TERM");
-	if (term && strcmp(term, "dumb"))
+	if (isatty(2) && term && strcmp(term, "dumb"))
 		suffix = ANSI_SUFFIX;
 	else
 		suffix = DUMB_SUFFIX;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
 
 	while (1) {
 		int band, len;
-		len = packet_read_line(in_stream, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		len = packet_read(in_stream, NULL, NULL, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX, 0);
 		if (len == 0)
 			break;
 		if (len < 1) {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
 			} while (len);
 			continue;
 		case 1:
-			safe_write(out, buf + pf+1, len);
+			write_or_die(out, buf + pf+1, len);
 			continue;
 		default:
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: protocol error: bad band #%d\n",
@@ -123,9 +124,8 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
  * fd is connected to the remote side; send the sideband data
  * over multiplexed packet stream.
  */
-ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max)
+void send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max)
 {
-	ssize_t ssz = sz;
 	const char *p = data;
 
 	while (sz) {
@@ -136,16 +136,15 @@ ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet
 		if (packet_max - 5 < n)
 			n = packet_max - 5;
 		if (0 <= band) {
-			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 5);
+			xsnprintf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), "%04x", n + 5);
 			hdr[4] = band;
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 5);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 5);
 		} else {
-			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 4);
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 4);
+			xsnprintf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), "%04x", n + 4);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 4);
 		}
-		safe_write(fd, p, n);
+		write_or_die(fd, p, n);
 		p += n;
 		sz -= n;
 	}
-	return ssz;
 }
diff --git a/sideband.h b/sideband.h
index d72db35d1e..7a8146f161 100644
--- a/sideband.h
+++ b/sideband.h
@@ -4,10 +4,7 @@
 #define SIDEBAND_PROTOCOL_ERROR -2
 #define SIDEBAND_REMOTE_ERROR -1
 
-#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
-#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
-
 int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out);
-ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max);
+void send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/sigchain.c b/sigchain.c
index 1118b99e57..2ac43bbd28 100644
--- a/sigchain.c
+++ b/sigchain.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "sigchain.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #define SIGCHAIN_MAX_SIGNALS 32
 
@@ -50,3 +50,12 @@ void sigchain_push_common(sigchain_fun f)
 	sigchain_push(SIGQUIT, f);
 	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, f);
 }
+
+void sigchain_pop_common(void)
+{
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
+	sigchain_pop(SIGQUIT);
+	sigchain_pop(SIGTERM);
+	sigchain_pop(SIGHUP);
+	sigchain_pop(SIGINT);
+}
diff --git a/sigchain.h b/sigchain.h
index 618083bce0..138b20f54b 100644
--- a/sigchain.h
+++ b/sigchain.h
@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ int sigchain_push(int sig, sigchain_fun f);
 int sigchain_pop(int sig);
 
 void sigchain_push_common(sigchain_fun f);
+void sigchain_pop_common(void);
 
 #endif /* SIGCHAIN_H */
diff --git a/split-index.c b/split-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c75d4b9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/split-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
+#include "ewah/ewok.h"
+
+struct split_index *init_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (!istate->split_index) {
+		istate->split_index = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*istate->split_index));
+		istate->split_index->refcount = 1;
+	}
+	return istate->split_index;
+}
+
+int read_link_extension(struct index_state *istate,
+			 const void *data_, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	const unsigned char *data = data_;
+	struct split_index *si;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (sz < 20)
+		return error("corrupt link extension (too short)");
+	si = init_split_index(istate);
+	hashcpy(si->base_sha1, data);
+	data += 20;
+	sz -= 20;
+	if (!sz)
+		return 0;
+	si->delete_bitmap = ewah_new();
+	ret = ewah_read_mmap(si->delete_bitmap, data, sz);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return error("corrupt delete bitmap in link extension");
+	data += ret;
+	sz -= ret;
+	si->replace_bitmap = ewah_new();
+	ret = ewah_read_mmap(si->replace_bitmap, data, sz);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return error("corrupt replace bitmap in link extension");
+	if (ret != sz)
+		return error("garbage at the end of link extension");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int write_link_extension(struct strbuf *sb,
+			 struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	strbuf_add(sb, si->base_sha1, 20);
+	if (!si->delete_bitmap && !si->replace_bitmap)
+		return 0;
+	ewah_serialize_strbuf(si->delete_bitmap, sb);
+	ewah_serialize_strbuf(si->replace_bitmap, sb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void mark_base_index_entries(struct index_state *base)
+{
+	int i;
+	/*
+	 * To keep track of the shared entries between
+	 * istate->base->cache[] and istate->cache[], base entry
+	 * position is stored in each base entry. All positions start
+	 * from 1 instead of 0, which is reserved to say "this is a new
+	 * entry".
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < base->cache_nr; i++)
+		base->cache[i]->index = i + 1;
+}
+
+void move_cache_to_base_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * do not delete old si->base, its index entries may be shared
+	 * with istate->cache[]. Accept a bit of leaking here because
+	 * this code is only used by short-lived update-index.
+	 */
+	si->base = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*si->base));
+	si->base->version = istate->version;
+	/* zero timestamp disables racy test in ce_write_index() */
+	si->base->timestamp = istate->timestamp;
+	ALLOC_GROW(si->base->cache, istate->cache_nr, si->base->cache_alloc);
+	si->base->cache_nr = istate->cache_nr;
+	memcpy(si->base->cache, istate->cache,
+	       sizeof(*istate->cache) * istate->cache_nr);
+	mark_base_index_entries(si->base);
+	for (i = 0; i < si->base->cache_nr; i++)
+		si->base->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+}
+
+static void mark_entry_for_delete(size_t pos, void *data)
+{
+	struct index_state *istate = data;
+	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
+		die("position for delete %d exceeds base index size %d",
+		    (int)pos, istate->cache_nr);
+	istate->cache[pos]->ce_flags |= CE_REMOVE;
+	istate->split_index->nr_deletions = 1;
+}
+
+static void replace_entry(size_t pos, void *data)
+{
+	struct index_state *istate = data;
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	struct cache_entry *dst, *src;
+
+	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
+		die("position for replacement %d exceeds base index size %d",
+		    (int)pos, istate->cache_nr);
+	if (si->nr_replacements >= si->saved_cache_nr)
+		die("too many replacements (%d vs %d)",
+		    si->nr_replacements, si->saved_cache_nr);
+	dst = istate->cache[pos];
+	if (dst->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+		die("entry %d is marked as both replaced and deleted",
+		    (int)pos);
+	src = si->saved_cache[si->nr_replacements];
+	if (ce_namelen(src))
+		die("corrupt link extension, entry %d should have "
+		    "zero length name", (int)pos);
+	src->index = pos + 1;
+	src->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+	src->ce_namelen = dst->ce_namelen;
+	copy_cache_entry(dst, src);
+	free(src);
+	si->nr_replacements++;
+}
+
+void merge_base_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	mark_base_index_entries(si->base);
+
+	si->saved_cache	    = istate->cache;
+	si->saved_cache_nr  = istate->cache_nr;
+	istate->cache_nr    = si->base->cache_nr;
+	istate->cache	    = NULL;
+	istate->cache_alloc = 0;
+	ALLOC_GROW(istate->cache, istate->cache_nr, istate->cache_alloc);
+	memcpy(istate->cache, si->base->cache,
+	       sizeof(*istate->cache) * istate->cache_nr);
+
+	si->nr_deletions = 0;
+	si->nr_replacements = 0;
+	ewah_each_bit(si->replace_bitmap, replace_entry, istate);
+	ewah_each_bit(si->delete_bitmap, mark_entry_for_delete, istate);
+	if (si->nr_deletions)
+		remove_marked_cache_entries(istate);
+
+	for (i = si->nr_replacements; i < si->saved_cache_nr; i++) {
+		if (!ce_namelen(si->saved_cache[i]))
+			die("corrupt link extension, entry %d should "
+			    "have non-zero length name", i);
+		add_index_entry(istate, si->saved_cache[i],
+				ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD |
+				ADD_CACHE_KEEP_CACHE_TREE |
+				/*
+				 * we may have to replay what
+				 * merge-recursive.c:update_stages()
+				 * does, which has this flag on
+				 */
+				ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK);
+		si->saved_cache[i] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	ewah_free(si->delete_bitmap);
+	ewah_free(si->replace_bitmap);
+	free(si->saved_cache);
+	si->delete_bitmap  = NULL;
+	si->replace_bitmap = NULL;
+	si->saved_cache	   = NULL;
+	si->saved_cache_nr = 0;
+}
+
+void prepare_to_write_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = init_split_index(istate);
+	struct cache_entry **entries = NULL, *ce;
+	int i, nr_entries = 0, nr_alloc = 0;
+
+	si->delete_bitmap = ewah_new();
+	si->replace_bitmap = ewah_new();
+
+	if (si->base) {
+		/* Go through istate->cache[] and mark CE_MATCHED to
+		 * entry with positive index. We'll go through
+		 * base->cache[] later to delete all entries in base
+		 * that are not marked eith either CE_MATCHED or
+		 * CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE. If istate->cache[i] is a
+		 * duplicate, deduplicate it.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *base;
+			/* namelen is checked separately */
+			const unsigned int ondisk_flags =
+				CE_STAGEMASK | CE_VALID | CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS;
+			unsigned int ce_flags, base_flags, ret;
+			ce = istate->cache[i];
+			if (!ce->index)
+				continue;
+			if (ce->index > si->base->cache_nr) {
+				ce->index = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED; /* or "shared" */
+			base = si->base->cache[ce->index - 1];
+			if (ce == base)
+				continue;
+			if (ce->ce_namelen != base->ce_namelen ||
+			    strcmp(ce->name, base->name)) {
+				ce->index = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			ce_flags = ce->ce_flags;
+			base_flags = base->ce_flags;
+			/* only on-disk flags matter */
+			ce->ce_flags   &= ondisk_flags;
+			base->ce_flags &= ondisk_flags;
+			ret = memcmp(&ce->ce_stat_data, &base->ce_stat_data,
+				     offsetof(struct cache_entry, name) -
+				     offsetof(struct cache_entry, ce_stat_data));
+			ce->ce_flags = ce_flags;
+			base->ce_flags = base_flags;
+			if (ret)
+				ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+			free(base);
+			si->base->cache[ce->index - 1] = ce;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < si->base->cache_nr; i++) {
+			ce = si->base->cache[i];
+			if ((ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) ||
+			    !(ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED))
+				ewah_set(si->delete_bitmap, i);
+			else if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE) {
+				ewah_set(si->replace_bitmap, i);
+				ce->ce_flags |= CE_STRIP_NAME;
+				ALLOC_GROW(entries, nr_entries+1, nr_alloc);
+				entries[nr_entries++] = ce;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if ((!si->base || !ce->index) && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)) {
+			assert(!(ce->ce_flags & CE_STRIP_NAME));
+			ALLOC_GROW(entries, nr_entries+1, nr_alloc);
+			entries[nr_entries++] = ce;
+		}
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_MATCHED;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * take cache[] out temporarily, put entries[] in its place
+	 * for writing
+	 */
+	si->saved_cache = istate->cache;
+	si->saved_cache_nr = istate->cache_nr;
+	istate->cache = entries;
+	istate->cache_nr = nr_entries;
+}
+
+void finish_writing_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = init_split_index(istate);
+
+	ewah_free(si->delete_bitmap);
+	ewah_free(si->replace_bitmap);
+	si->delete_bitmap = NULL;
+	si->replace_bitmap = NULL;
+	free(istate->cache);
+	istate->cache = si->saved_cache;
+	istate->cache_nr = si->saved_cache_nr;
+}
+
+void discard_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	if (!si)
+		return;
+	istate->split_index = NULL;
+	si->refcount--;
+	if (si->refcount)
+		return;
+	if (si->base) {
+		discard_index(si->base);
+		free(si->base);
+	}
+	free(si);
+}
+
+void save_or_free_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	if (ce->index &&
+	    istate->split_index &&
+	    istate->split_index->base &&
+	    ce->index <= istate->split_index->base->cache_nr &&
+	    ce == istate->split_index->base->cache[ce->index - 1])
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_REMOVE;
+	else
+		free(ce);
+}
+
+void replace_index_entry_in_base(struct index_state *istate,
+				 struct cache_entry *old,
+				 struct cache_entry *new)
+{
+	if (old->index &&
+	    istate->split_index &&
+	    istate->split_index->base &&
+	    old->index <= istate->split_index->base->cache_nr) {
+		new->index = old->index;
+		if (old != istate->split_index->base->cache[new->index - 1])
+			free(istate->split_index->base->cache[new->index - 1]);
+		istate->split_index->base->cache[new->index - 1] = new;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/split-index.h b/split-index.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1324f521a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/split-index.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef SPLIT_INDEX_H
+#define SPLIT_INDEX_H
+
+struct index_state;
+struct strbuf;
+struct ewah_bitmap;
+
+struct split_index {
+	unsigned char base_sha1[20];
+	struct index_state *base;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *delete_bitmap;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *replace_bitmap;
+	struct cache_entry **saved_cache;
+	unsigned int saved_cache_nr;
+	unsigned int nr_deletions;
+	unsigned int nr_replacements;
+	int refcount;
+};
+
+struct split_index *init_split_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void save_or_free_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
+void replace_index_entry_in_base(struct index_state *istate,
+				 struct cache_entry *old,
+				 struct cache_entry *new);
+int read_link_extension(struct index_state *istate,
+			const void *data, unsigned long sz);
+int write_link_extension(struct strbuf *sb,
+			 struct index_state *istate);
+void move_cache_to_base_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void merge_base_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void prepare_to_write_split_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void finish_writing_split_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void discard_split_index(struct index_state *istate);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/strbuf.c b/strbuf.c
index ff0b96b416..1ba600bd78 100644
--- a/strbuf.c
+++ b/strbuf.c
@@ -1,22 +1,14 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
-int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix)
+int starts_with(const char *str, const char *prefix)
 {
 	for (; ; str++, prefix++)
 		if (!*prefix)
-			return 0;
+			return 1;
 		else if (*str != *prefix)
-			return (unsigned char)*prefix - (unsigned char)*str;
-}
-
-int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix)
-{
-	int len = strlen(str), suflen = strlen(suffix);
-	if (len < suflen)
-		return -1;
-	else
-		return strcmp(str + len - suflen, suffix);
+			return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -44,7 +36,9 @@ void strbuf_release(struct strbuf *sb)
 
 char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *sb, size_t *sz)
 {
-	char *res = sb->alloc ? sb->buf : NULL;
+	char *res;
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 0);
+	res = sb->buf;
 	if (sz)
 		*sz = sb->len;
 	strbuf_init(sb, 0);
@@ -76,15 +70,8 @@ void strbuf_grow(struct strbuf *sb, size_t extra)
 
 void strbuf_trim(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	char *b = sb->buf;
-	while (sb->len > 0 && isspace((unsigned char)sb->buf[sb->len - 1]))
-		sb->len--;
-	while (sb->len > 0 && isspace(*b)) {
-		b++;
-		sb->len--;
-	}
-	memmove(sb->buf, b, sb->len);
-	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+	strbuf_rtrim(sb);
+	strbuf_ltrim(sb);
 }
 void strbuf_rtrim(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
@@ -104,35 +91,53 @@ void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf *sb)
 	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
 }
 
-struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *str, size_t slen, int delim, int max)
+int strbuf_reencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *from, const char *to)
 {
-	int alloc = 2, pos = 0;
-	const char *n, *p;
-	struct strbuf **ret;
+	char *out;
+	int len;
+
+	if (same_encoding(from, to))
+		return 0;
+
+	out = reencode_string_len(sb->buf, sb->len, to, from, &len);
+	if (!out)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_attach(sb, out, len, len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void strbuf_tolower(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	char *p = sb->buf, *end = sb->buf + sb->len;
+	for (; p < end; p++)
+		*p = tolower(*p);
+}
+
+struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *str, size_t slen,
+				 int terminator, int max)
+{
+	struct strbuf **ret = NULL;
+	size_t nr = 0, alloc = 0;
 	struct strbuf *t;
 
-	ret = xcalloc(alloc, sizeof(struct strbuf *));
-	p = n = str;
-	while (n < str + slen) {
-		int len;
-		if (max <= 0 || pos + 1 < max)
-			n = memchr(n, delim, slen - (n - str));
-		else
-			n = NULL;
-		if (pos + 1 >= alloc) {
-			alloc = alloc * 2;
-			ret = xrealloc(ret, sizeof(struct strbuf *) * alloc);
+	while (slen) {
+		int len = slen;
+		if (max <= 0 || nr + 1 < max) {
+			const char *end = memchr(str, terminator, slen);
+			if (end)
+				len = end - str + 1;
 		}
-		if (!n)
-			n = str + slen - 1;
-		len = n - p + 1;
 		t = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
 		strbuf_init(t, len);
-		strbuf_add(t, p, len);
-		ret[pos] = t;
-		ret[++pos] = NULL;
-		p = ++n;
+		strbuf_add(t, str, len);
+		ALLOC_GROW(ret, nr + 2, alloc);
+		ret[nr++] = t;
+		str += len;
+		slen -= len;
 	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(ret, nr + 1, alloc); /* In case string was empty */
+	ret[nr] = NULL;
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -199,6 +204,13 @@ void strbuf_adddup(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, size_t len)
 	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + len);
 }
 
+void strbuf_addchars(struct strbuf *sb, int c, size_t n)
+{
+	strbuf_grow(sb, n);
+	memset(sb->buf + sb->len, c, n);
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + n);
+}
+
 void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
@@ -207,6 +219,55 @@ void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
+static void add_lines(struct strbuf *out,
+			const char *prefix1,
+			const char *prefix2,
+			const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	while (size) {
+		const char *prefix;
+		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
+		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
+
+		prefix = ((prefix2 && (buf[0] == '\n' || buf[0] == '\t'))
+			  ? prefix2 : prefix1);
+		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
+		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
+		size -= next - buf;
+		buf = next;
+	}
+	strbuf_complete_line(out);
+}
+
+void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	static char prefix1[3];
+	static char prefix2[2];
+
+	if (prefix1[0] != comment_line_char) {
+		xsnprintf(prefix1, sizeof(prefix1), "%c ", comment_line_char);
+		xsnprintf(prefix2, sizeof(prefix2), "%c", comment_line_char);
+	}
+	add_lines(out, prefix1, prefix2, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int incomplete_line = sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n';
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
+
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(sb, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	if (incomplete_line)
+		sb->buf[--sb->len] = '\0';
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
 	int len;
@@ -303,19 +364,19 @@ ssize_t strbuf_read(struct strbuf *sb, int fd, size_t hint)
 
 	strbuf_grow(sb, hint ? hint : 8192);
 	for (;;) {
-		ssize_t cnt;
+		ssize_t want = sb->alloc - sb->len - 1;
+		ssize_t got = read_in_full(fd, sb->buf + sb->len, want);
 
-		cnt = xread(fd, sb->buf + sb->len, sb->alloc - sb->len - 1);
-		if (cnt < 0) {
+		if (got < 0) {
 			if (oldalloc == 0)
 				strbuf_release(sb);
 			else
 				strbuf_setlen(sb, oldlen);
 			return -1;
 		}
-		if (!cnt)
+		sb->len += got;
+		if (got < want)
 			break;
-		sb->len += cnt;
 		strbuf_grow(sb, 8192);
 	}
 
@@ -323,6 +384,23 @@ ssize_t strbuf_read(struct strbuf *sb, int fd, size_t hint)
 	return sb->len - oldlen;
 }
 
+ssize_t strbuf_read_once(struct strbuf *sb, int fd, size_t hint)
+{
+	ssize_t cnt;
+
+	strbuf_grow(sb, hint ? hint : 8192);
+	cnt = xread(fd, sb->buf + sb->len, sb->alloc - sb->len - 1);
+	if (cnt > 0)
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + cnt);
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+ssize_t strbuf_write(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *f)
+{
+	return sb->len ? fwrite(sb->buf, 1, sb->len, f) : 0;
+}
+
+
 #define STRBUF_MAXLINK (2*PATH_MAX)
 
 int strbuf_readlink(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
@@ -353,6 +431,74 @@ int strbuf_readlink(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
 	return -1;
 }
 
+int strbuf_getcwd(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	size_t oldalloc = sb->alloc;
+	size_t guessed_len = 128;
+
+	for (;; guessed_len *= 2) {
+		strbuf_grow(sb, guessed_len);
+		if (getcwd(sb->buf, sb->alloc)) {
+			strbuf_setlen(sb, strlen(sb->buf));
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (errno != ERANGE)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (oldalloc == 0)
+		strbuf_release(sb);
+	else
+		strbuf_reset(sb);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GETDELIM
+int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int term)
+{
+	ssize_t r;
+
+	if (feof(fp))
+		return EOF;
+
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+
+	/* Translate slopbuf to NULL, as we cannot call realloc on it */
+	if (!sb->alloc)
+		sb->buf = NULL;
+	r = getdelim(&sb->buf, &sb->alloc, term, fp);
+
+	if (r > 0) {
+		sb->len = r;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	assert(r == -1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Normally we would have called xrealloc, which will try to free
+	 * memory and recover. But we have no way to tell getdelim() to do so.
+	 * Worse, we cannot try to recover ENOMEM ourselves, because we have
+	 * no idea how many bytes were read by getdelim.
+	 *
+	 * Dying here is reasonable. It mirrors what xrealloc would do on
+	 * catastrophic memory failure. We skip the opportunity to free pack
+	 * memory and retry, but that's unlikely to help for a malloc small
+	 * enough to hold a single line of input, anyway.
+	 */
+	if (errno == ENOMEM)
+		die("Out of memory, getdelim failed");
+
+	/*
+	 * Restore strbuf invariants; if getdelim left us with a NULL pointer,
+	 * we can just re-init, but otherwise we should make sure that our
+	 * length is empty, and that the result is NUL-terminated.
+	 */
+	if (!sb->buf)
+		strbuf_init(sb, 0);
+	else
+		strbuf_reset(sb);
+	return EOF;
+}
+#else
 int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int term)
 {
 	int ch;
@@ -361,31 +507,74 @@ int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int term)
 		return EOF;
 
 	strbuf_reset(sb);
-	while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
-		strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
+	flockfile(fp);
+	while ((ch = getc_unlocked(fp)) != EOF) {
+		if (!strbuf_avail(sb))
+			strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
 		sb->buf[sb->len++] = ch;
 		if (ch == term)
 			break;
 	}
+	funlockfile(fp);
 	if (ch == EOF && sb->len == 0)
 		return EOF;
 
 	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
 	return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
-int strbuf_getline(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int term)
+static int strbuf_getdelim(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int term)
 {
 	if (strbuf_getwholeline(sb, fp, term))
 		return EOF;
-	if (sb->buf[sb->len-1] == term)
-		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len-1);
+	if (sb->buf[sb->len - 1] == term)
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len - 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int strbuf_getline(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp)
+{
+	if (strbuf_getwholeline(sb, fp, '\n'))
+		return EOF;
+	if (sb->buf[sb->len - 1] == '\n') {
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len - 1);
+		if (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] == '\r')
+			strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len - 1);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
+int strbuf_getline_lf(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp)
 {
-	int fd, len;
+	return strbuf_getdelim(sb, fp, '\n');
+}
+
+int strbuf_getline_nul(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp)
+{
+	return strbuf_getdelim(sb, fp, '\0');
+}
+
+int strbuf_getwholeline_fd(struct strbuf *sb, int fd, int term)
+{
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+
+	while (1) {
+		char ch;
+		ssize_t len = xread(fd, &ch, 1);
+		if (len <= 0)
+			return EOF;
+		strbuf_addch(sb, ch);
+		if (ch == term)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+ssize_t strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
+{
+	int fd;
+	ssize_t len;
 
 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd < 0)
@@ -401,15 +590,33 @@ int strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
 void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix,
 		      const char *buf, size_t size)
 {
-	while (size) {
-		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
-		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
-		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
-		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
-		size -= next - buf;
-		buf = next;
+	add_lines(out, prefix, NULL, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *buf, const char *s)
+{
+	while (*s) {
+		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
+		strbuf_add(buf, s, len);
+		s += len;
+		switch (*s) {
+		case '"':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&quot;");
+			break;
+		case '<':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&lt;");
+			break;
+		case '>':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&gt;");
+			break;
+		case '&':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&amp;");
+			break;
+		case 0:
+			return;
+		}
+		s++;
 	}
-	strbuf_complete_line(out);
 }
 
 static int is_rfc3986_reserved(char ch)
@@ -429,8 +636,8 @@ static int is_rfc3986_unreserved(char ch)
 		ch == '-' || ch == '_' || ch == '.' || ch == '~';
 }
 
-void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s, size_t len,
-			  int reserved)
+static void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s, size_t len,
+				 int reserved)
 {
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
 	while (len--) {
@@ -448,3 +655,211 @@ void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s,
 {
 	strbuf_add_urlencode(sb, s, strlen(s), reserved);
 }
+
+void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes)
+{
+	if (bytes > 1 << 30) {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u GiB",
+			    (int)(bytes >> 30),
+			    (int)(bytes & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 20) {
+		int x = bytes + 5243;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u MiB",
+			    x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 10) {
+		int x = bytes + 5;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u KiB",
+			    x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u bytes", (int)bytes);
+	}
+}
+
+void strbuf_add_absolute_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path)
+{
+	if (!*path)
+		die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+	if (!is_absolute_path(path)) {
+		struct stat cwd_stat, pwd_stat;
+		size_t orig_len = sb->len;
+		char *cwd = xgetcwd();
+		char *pwd = getenv("PWD");
+		if (pwd && strcmp(pwd, cwd) &&
+		    !stat(cwd, &cwd_stat) &&
+		    (cwd_stat.st_dev || cwd_stat.st_ino) &&
+		    !stat(pwd, &pwd_stat) &&
+		    pwd_stat.st_dev == cwd_stat.st_dev &&
+		    pwd_stat.st_ino == cwd_stat.st_ino)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, pwd);
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, cwd);
+		if (sb->len > orig_len && !is_dir_sep(sb->buf[sb->len - 1]))
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '/');
+		free(cwd);
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, path);
+}
+
+int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int ret;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = vprintf(fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (ret < 0 || putchar('\n') == EOF)
+		return -1;
+	return ret + 1;
+}
+
+int fprintf_ln(FILE *fp, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int ret;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = vfprintf(fp, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (ret < 0 || putc('\n', fp) == EOF)
+		return -1;
+	return ret + 1;
+}
+
+char *xstrdup_tolower(const char *string)
+{
+	char *result;
+	size_t len, i;
+
+	len = strlen(string);
+	result = xmallocz(len);
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		result[i] = tolower(string[i]);
+	result[i] = '\0';
+	return result;
+}
+
+char *xstrvfmt(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+char *xstrfmt(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	char *ret;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = xstrvfmt(fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void strbuf_addftime(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, const struct tm *tm)
+{
+	size_t hint = 128;
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (!*fmt)
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_grow(sb, hint);
+	len = strftime(sb->buf + sb->len, sb->alloc - sb->len, fmt, tm);
+
+	if (!len) {
+		/*
+		 * strftime reports "0" if it could not fit the result in the buffer.
+		 * Unfortunately, it also reports "0" if the requested time string
+		 * takes 0 bytes. So our strategy is to munge the format so that the
+		 * output contains at least one character, and then drop the extra
+		 * character before returning.
+		 */
+		struct strbuf munged_fmt = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&munged_fmt, "%s ", fmt);
+		while (!len) {
+			hint *= 2;
+			strbuf_grow(sb, hint);
+			len = strftime(sb->buf + sb->len, sb->alloc - sb->len,
+				       munged_fmt.buf, tm);
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&munged_fmt);
+		len--; /* drop munged space */
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + len);
+}
+
+void strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(struct strbuf *sb, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      int abbrev_len)
+{
+	int r;
+	strbuf_grow(sb, GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1);
+	r = find_unique_abbrev_r(sb->buf + sb->len, sha1, abbrev_len);
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + r);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the length of a line, without trailing spaces.
+ *
+ * If the line ends with newline, it will be removed too.
+ */
+static size_t cleanup(char *line, size_t len)
+{
+	while (len) {
+		unsigned char c = line[len - 1];
+		if (!isspace(c))
+			break;
+		len--;
+	}
+
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove empty lines from the beginning and end
+ * and also trailing spaces from every line.
+ *
+ * Turn multiple consecutive empty lines between paragraphs
+ * into just one empty line.
+ *
+ * If the input has only empty lines and spaces,
+ * no output will be produced.
+ *
+ * If last line does not have a newline at the end, one is added.
+ *
+ * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with comment
+ * character.
+ */
+void strbuf_stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
+{
+	int empties = 0;
+	size_t i, j, len, newlen;
+	char *eol;
+
+	/* We may have to add a newline. */
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
+
+	for (i = j = 0; i < sb->len; i += len, j += newlen) {
+		eol = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
+		len = eol ? eol - (sb->buf + i) + 1 : sb->len - i;
+
+		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == comment_line_char) {
+			newlen = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		newlen = cleanup(sb->buf + i, len);
+
+		/* Not just an empty line? */
+		if (newlen) {
+			if (empties > 0 && j > 0)
+				sb->buf[j++] = '\n';
+			empties = 0;
+			memmove(sb->buf + j, sb->buf + i, newlen);
+			sb->buf[newlen + j++] = '\n';
+		} else {
+			empties++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, j);
+}
diff --git a/strbuf.h b/strbuf.h
index fbf059f4d3..83c5c98530 100644
--- a/strbuf.h
+++ b/strbuf.h
@@ -1,131 +1,583 @@
 #ifndef STRBUF_H
 #define STRBUF_H
 
-/* See Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt */
+/**
+ * strbuf's are meant to be used with all the usual C string and memory
+ * APIs. Given that the length of the buffer is known, it's often better to
+ * use the mem* functions than a str* one (memchr vs. strchr e.g.).
+ * Though, one has to be careful about the fact that str* functions often
+ * stop on NULs and that strbufs may have embedded NULs.
+ *
+ * A strbuf is NUL terminated for convenience, but no function in the
+ * strbuf API actually relies on the string being free of NULs.
+ *
+ * strbufs have some invariants that are very important to keep in mind:
+ *
+ *  - The `buf` member is never NULL, so it can be used in any usual C
+ *    string operations safely. strbuf's _have_ to be initialized either by
+ *    `strbuf_init()` or by `= STRBUF_INIT` before the invariants, though.
+ *
+ *    Do *not* assume anything on what `buf` really is (e.g. if it is
+ *    allocated memory or not), use `strbuf_detach()` to unwrap a memory
+ *    buffer from its strbuf shell in a safe way. That is the sole supported
+ *    way. This will give you a malloced buffer that you can later `free()`.
+ *
+ *    However, it is totally safe to modify anything in the string pointed by
+ *    the `buf` member, between the indices `0` and `len-1` (inclusive).
+ *
+ *  - The `buf` member is a byte array that has at least `len + 1` bytes
+ *    allocated. The extra byte is used to store a `'\0'`, allowing the
+ *    `buf` member to be a valid C-string. Every strbuf function ensure this
+ *    invariant is preserved.
+ *
+ *    NOTE: It is OK to "play" with the buffer directly if you work it this
+ *    way:
+ *
+ *        strbuf_grow(sb, SOME_SIZE); <1>
+ *        strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + SOME_OTHER_SIZE);
+ *
+ *    <1> Here, the memory array starting at `sb->buf`, and of length
+ *    `strbuf_avail(sb)` is all yours, and you can be sure that
+ *    `strbuf_avail(sb)` is at least `SOME_SIZE`.
+ *
+ *    NOTE: `SOME_OTHER_SIZE` must be smaller or equal to `strbuf_avail(sb)`.
+ *
+ *    Doing so is safe, though if it has to be done in many places, adding the
+ *    missing API to the strbuf module is the way to go.
+ *
+ *    WARNING: Do _not_ assume that the area that is yours is of size `alloc
+ *    - 1` even if it's true in the current implementation. Alloc is somehow a
+ *    "private" member that should not be messed with. Use `strbuf_avail()`
+ *    instead.
+*/
 
-extern char strbuf_slopbuf[];
+/**
+ * Data Structures
+ * ---------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This is the string buffer structure. The `len` member can be used to
+ * determine the current length of the string, and `buf` member provides
+ * access to the string itself.
+ */
 struct strbuf {
 	size_t alloc;
 	size_t len;
 	char *buf;
 };
 
+extern char strbuf_slopbuf[];
 #define STRBUF_INIT  { 0, 0, strbuf_slopbuf }
 
-/*----- strbuf life cycle -----*/
+/**
+ * Life Cycle Functions
+ * --------------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Initialize the structure. The second parameter can be zero or a bigger
+ * number to allocate memory, in case you want to prevent further reallocs.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_init(struct strbuf *, size_t);
+
+/**
+ * Release a string buffer and the memory it used. You should not use the
+ * string buffer after using this function, unless you initialize it again.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_release(struct strbuf *);
+
+/**
+ * Detach the string from the strbuf and returns it; you now own the
+ * storage the string occupies and it is your responsibility from then on
+ * to release it with `free(3)` when you are done with it.
+ */
 extern char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *, size_t *);
+
+/**
+ * Attach a string to a buffer. You should specify the string to attach,
+ * the current length of the string and the amount of allocated memory.
+ * The amount must be larger than the string length, because the string you
+ * pass is supposed to be a NUL-terminated string.  This string _must_ be
+ * malloc()ed, and after attaching, the pointer cannot be relied upon
+ * anymore, and neither be free()d directly.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_attach(struct strbuf *, void *, size_t, size_t);
-static inline void strbuf_swap(struct strbuf *a, struct strbuf *b) {
+
+/**
+ * Swap the contents of two string buffers.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_swap(struct strbuf *a, struct strbuf *b)
+{
 	struct strbuf tmp = *a;
 	*a = *b;
 	*b = tmp;
 }
 
-/*----- strbuf size related -----*/
-static inline size_t strbuf_avail(const struct strbuf *sb) {
+
+/**
+ * Functions related to the size of the buffer
+ * -------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Determine the amount of allocated but unused memory.
+ */
+static inline size_t strbuf_avail(const struct strbuf *sb)
+{
 	return sb->alloc ? sb->alloc - sb->len - 1 : 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Ensure that at least this amount of unused memory is available after
+ * `len`. This is used when you know a typical size for what you will add
+ * and want to avoid repetitive automatic resizing of the underlying buffer.
+ * This is never a needed operation, but can be critical for performance in
+ * some cases.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_grow(struct strbuf *, size_t);
 
-static inline void strbuf_setlen(struct strbuf *sb, size_t len) {
+/**
+ * Set the length of the buffer to a given value. This function does *not*
+ * allocate new memory, so you should not perform a `strbuf_setlen()` to a
+ * length that is larger than `len + strbuf_avail()`. `strbuf_setlen()` is
+ * just meant as a 'please fix invariants from this strbuf I just messed
+ * with'.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_setlen(struct strbuf *sb, size_t len)
+{
 	if (len > (sb->alloc ? sb->alloc - 1 : 0))
 		die("BUG: strbuf_setlen() beyond buffer");
 	sb->len = len;
 	sb->buf[len] = '\0';
 }
+
+/**
+ * Empty the buffer by setting the size of it to zero.
+ */
 #define strbuf_reset(sb)  strbuf_setlen(sb, 0)
 
-/*----- content related -----*/
+
+/**
+ * Functions related to the contents of the buffer
+ * -----------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Strip whitespace from the beginning (`ltrim`), end (`rtrim`), or both side
+ * (`trim`) of a string.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_trim(struct strbuf *);
 extern void strbuf_rtrim(struct strbuf *);
 extern void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf *);
+
+/**
+ * Replace the contents of the strbuf with a reencoded form.  Returns -1
+ * on error, 0 on success.
+ */
+extern int strbuf_reencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *from, const char *to);
+
+/**
+ * Lowercase each character in the buffer using `tolower`.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_tolower(struct strbuf *sb);
+
+/**
+ * Compare two buffers. Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater
+ * than zero if the first buffer is found, respectively, to be less than,
+ * to match, or be greater than the second buffer.
+ */
 extern int strbuf_cmp(const struct strbuf *, const struct strbuf *);
 
-extern struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *, size_t,
-					int delim, int max);
-static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_str(const char *str,
-					       int delim, int max)
-{
-	return strbuf_split_buf(str, strlen(str), delim, max);
-}
-static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_max(const struct strbuf *sb,
-						int delim, int max)
-{
-	return strbuf_split_buf(sb->buf, sb->len, delim, max);
-}
-static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb, int delim)
-{
-	return strbuf_split_max(sb, delim, 0);
-}
-extern void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf **);
 
-/*----- add data in your buffer -----*/
-static inline void strbuf_addch(struct strbuf *sb, int c) {
-	strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
+/**
+ * Adding data to the buffer
+ * -------------------------
+ *
+ * NOTE: All of the functions in this section will grow the buffer as
+ * necessary.  If they fail for some reason other than memory shortage and the
+ * buffer hadn't been allocated before (i.e. the `struct strbuf` was set to
+ * `STRBUF_INIT`), then they will free() it.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Add a single character to the buffer.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_addch(struct strbuf *sb, int c)
+{
+	if (!strbuf_avail(sb))
+		strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
 	sb->buf[sb->len++] = c;
 	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
 }
 
+/**
+ * Add a character the specified number of times to the buffer.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_addchars(struct strbuf *sb, int c, size_t n);
+
+/**
+ * Insert data to the given position of the buffer. The remaining contents
+ * will be shifted, not overwritten.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_insert(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, const void *, size_t);
+
+/**
+ * Remove given amount of data from a given position of the buffer.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_remove(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len);
 
-/* splice pos..pos+len with given data */
+/**
+ * Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
+ * data.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_splice(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len,
-                          const void *, size_t);
+			  const void *, size_t);
+
+/**
+ * Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer. Each line will be prepended
+ * by a comment character and a blank.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size);
+
 
+/**
+ * Add data of given length to the buffer.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_add(struct strbuf *, const void *, size_t);
-static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s) {
+
+/**
+ * Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function will *always* be implemented as an inline or a macro
+ * using strlen, meaning that this is efficient to write things like:
+ *
+ *     strbuf_addstr(sb, "immediate string");
+ *
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s)
+{
 	strbuf_add(sb, s, strlen(s));
 }
-static inline void strbuf_addbuf(struct strbuf *sb, const struct strbuf *sb2) {
+
+/**
+ * Copy the contents of another buffer at the end of the current one.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_addbuf(struct strbuf *sb, const struct strbuf *sb2)
+{
 	strbuf_grow(sb, sb2->len);
 	strbuf_add(sb, sb2->buf, sb2->len);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Copy part of the buffer from a given position till a given length to the
+ * end of the buffer.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_adddup(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, size_t len);
 
+/**
+ * This function can be used to expand a format string containing
+ * placeholders. To that end, it parses the string and calls the specified
+ * function for every percent sign found.
+ *
+ * The callback function is given a pointer to the character after the `%`
+ * and a pointer to the struct strbuf.  It is expected to add the expanded
+ * version of the placeholder to the strbuf, e.g. to add a newline
+ * character if the letter `n` appears after a `%`.  The function returns
+ * the length of the placeholder recognized and `strbuf_expand()` skips
+ * over it.
+ *
+ * The format `%%` is automatically expanded to a single `%` as a quoting
+ * mechanism; callers do not need to handle the `%` placeholder themselves,
+ * and the callback function will not be invoked for this placeholder.
+ *
+ * All other characters (non-percent and not skipped ones) are copied
+ * verbatim to the strbuf.  If the callback returned zero, meaning that the
+ * placeholder is unknown, then the percent sign is copied, too.
+ *
+ * In order to facilitate caching and to make it possible to give
+ * parameters to the callback, `strbuf_expand()` passes a context pointer,
+ * which can be used by the programmer of the callback as she sees fit.
+ */
 typedef size_t (*expand_fn_t) (struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder, void *context);
 extern void strbuf_expand(struct strbuf *sb, const char *format, expand_fn_t fn, void *context);
+
+/**
+ * Used as callback for `strbuf_expand()`, expects an array of
+ * struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry as context, i.e. pairs of
+ * placeholder and replacement string.  The array needs to be
+ * terminated by an entry with placeholder set to NULL.
+ */
 struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry {
 	const char *placeholder;
 	const char *value;
 };
 extern size_t strbuf_expand_dict_cb(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder, void *context);
+
+/**
+ * Append the contents of one strbuf to another, quoting any
+ * percent signs ("%") into double-percents ("%%") in the
+ * destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
+ * strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(struct strbuf *dst, const struct strbuf *src);
 
+/**
+ * Append the given byte size as a human-readable string (i.e. 12.23 KiB,
+ * 3.50 MiB).
+ */
+extern void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes);
+
+/**
+ * Add a formatted string to the buffer.
+ */
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 extern void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+/**
+ * Add a formatted string prepended by a comment character and a
+ * blank to the buffer.
+ */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
+
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,0)))
 extern void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
 
-extern void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const char *buf, size_t size);
-
-static inline void strbuf_complete_line(struct strbuf *sb)
-{
-	if (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n')
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-}
+/**
+ * Add the time specified by `tm`, as formatted by `strftime`.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_addftime(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, const struct tm *tm);
 
+/**
+ * Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
+ *
+ * NOTE: The buffer is rewound if the read fails. If -1 is returned,
+ * `errno` must be consulted, like you would do for `read(3)`.
+ * `strbuf_read()`, `strbuf_read_file()` and `strbuf_getline_*()`
+ * family of functions have the same behaviour as well.
+ */
 extern size_t strbuf_fread(struct strbuf *, size_t, FILE *);
-/* XXX: if read fails, any partial read is undone */
+
+/**
+ * Read the contents of a given file descriptor. The third argument can be
+ * used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.  If read fails,
+ * any partial read is undone.
+ */
 extern ssize_t strbuf_read(struct strbuf *, int fd, size_t hint);
-extern int strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint);
+
+/**
+ * Read the contents of a given file descriptor partially by using only one
+ * attempt of xread. The third argument can be used to give a hint about the
+ * file size, to avoid reallocs. Returns the number of new bytes appended to
+ * the sb.
+ */
+extern ssize_t strbuf_read_once(struct strbuf *, int fd, size_t hint);
+
+/**
+ * Read the contents of a file, specified by its path. The third argument
+ * can be used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
+ * Return the number of bytes read or a negative value if some error
+ * occurred while opening or reading the file.
+ */
+extern ssize_t strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint);
+
+/**
+ * Read the target of a symbolic link, specified by its path.  The third
+ * argument can be used to give a hint about the size, to avoid reallocs.
+ */
 extern int strbuf_readlink(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint);
 
+/**
+ * Write the whole content of the strbuf to the stream not stopping at
+ * NUL bytes.
+ */
+extern ssize_t strbuf_write(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *stream);
+
+/**
+ * Read a line from a FILE *, overwriting the existing contents of
+ * the strbuf.  The strbuf_getline*() family of functions share
+ * this signature, but have different line termination conventions.
+ *
+ * Reading stops after the terminator or at EOF.  The terminator
+ * is removed from the buffer before returning.  Returns 0 unless
+ * there was nothing left before EOF, in which case it returns `EOF`.
+ */
+typedef int (*strbuf_getline_fn)(struct strbuf *, FILE *);
+
+/* Uses LF as the line terminator */
+extern int strbuf_getline_lf(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp);
+
+/* Uses NUL as the line terminator */
+extern int strbuf_getline_nul(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp);
+
+/*
+ * Similar to strbuf_getline_lf(), but additionally treats a CR that
+ * comes immediately before the LF as part of the terminator.
+ * This is the most friendly version to be used to read "text" files
+ * that can come from platforms whose native text format is CRLF
+ * terminated.
+ */
+extern int strbuf_getline(struct strbuf *, FILE *);
+
+
+/**
+ * Like `strbuf_getline`, but keeps the trailing terminator (if
+ * any) in the buffer.
+ */
 extern int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *, FILE *, int);
-extern int strbuf_getline(struct strbuf *, FILE *, int);
 
-extern void stripspace(struct strbuf *buf, int skip_comments);
+/**
+ * Like `strbuf_getwholeline`, but operates on a file descriptor.
+ * It reads one character at a time, so it is very slow.  Do not
+ * use it unless you need the correct position in the file
+ * descriptor.
+ */
+extern int strbuf_getwholeline_fd(struct strbuf *, int, int);
+
+/**
+ * Set the buffer to the path of the current working directory.
+ */
+extern int strbuf_getcwd(struct strbuf *sb);
+
+/**
+ * Add a path to a buffer, converting a relative path to an
+ * absolute one in the process.  Symbolic links are not
+ * resolved.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_add_absolute_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path);
+
+/**
+ * Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
+ * comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_stripspace(struct strbuf *buf, int skip_comments);
+
+/**
+ * Temporary alias until all topic branches have switched to use
+ * strbuf_stripspace directly.
+ */
+static inline void stripspace(struct strbuf *buf, int skip_comments)
+{
+	strbuf_stripspace(buf, skip_comments);
+}
+
+static inline int strbuf_strip_suffix(struct strbuf *sb, const char *suffix)
+{
+	if (strip_suffix_mem(sb->buf, &sb->len, suffix)) {
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len);
+		return 1;
+	} else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Split str (of length slen) at the specified terminator character.
+ * Return a null-terminated array of pointers to strbuf objects
+ * holding the substrings.  The substrings include the terminator,
+ * except for the last substring, which might be unterminated if the
+ * original string did not end with a terminator.  If max is positive,
+ * then split the string into at most max substrings (with the last
+ * substring containing everything following the (max-1)th terminator
+ * character).
+ *
+ * The most generic form is `strbuf_split_buf`, which takes an arbitrary
+ * pointer/len buffer. The `_str` variant takes a NUL-terminated string,
+ * the `_max` variant takes a strbuf, and just `strbuf_split` is a convenience
+ * wrapper to drop the `max` parameter.
+ *
+ * For lighter-weight alternatives, see string_list_split() and
+ * string_list_split_in_place().
+ */
+extern struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *, size_t,
+					int terminator, int max);
+
+static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_str(const char *str,
+					       int terminator, int max)
+{
+	return strbuf_split_buf(str, strlen(str), terminator, max);
+}
+
+static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_max(const struct strbuf *sb,
+						int terminator, int max)
+{
+	return strbuf_split_buf(sb->buf, sb->len, terminator, max);
+}
+
+static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb,
+					   int terminator)
+{
+	return strbuf_split_max(sb, terminator, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a NULL-terminated list of strbufs (for example, the return
+ * values of the strbuf_split*() functions).
+ */
+extern void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf **);
+
+/**
+ * Add the abbreviation, as generated by find_unique_abbrev, of `sha1` to
+ * the strbuf `sb`.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(struct strbuf *sb,
+				     const unsigned char *sha1,
+				     int abbrev_len);
+
+/**
+ * Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
+ * with the file's contents upon the user completing their editing. The
+ * third argument can be used to set the environment which the editor is
+ * run in. If the buffer is NULL the editor is launched as usual but the
+ * file's contents are not read into the buffer upon completion.
+ */
 extern int launch_editor(const char *path, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *const *env);
 
+extern void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const char *buf, size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Append s to sb, with the characters '<', '>', '&' and '"' converted
+ * into XML entities.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s);
+
+/**
+ * "Complete" the contents of `sb` by ensuring that either it ends with the
+ * character `term`, or it is empty.  This can be used, for example,
+ * to ensure that text ends with a newline, but without creating an empty
+ * blank line if there is no content in the first place.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_complete(struct strbuf *sb, char term)
+{
+	if (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != term)
+		strbuf_addch(sb, term);
+}
+
+static inline void strbuf_complete_line(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	strbuf_complete(sb, '\n');
+}
+
 extern int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
 extern int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
 
-extern void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *, const char *, size_t,
-				 int reserved);
 extern void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf *, const char *,
 				    int reserved);
 
+__attribute__((format (printf,1,2)))
+extern int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
+extern int fprintf_ln(FILE *fp, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+char *xstrdup_tolower(const char *);
+
+/**
+ * Create a newly allocated string using printf format. You can do this easily
+ * with a strbuf, but this provides a shortcut to save a few lines.
+ */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 0)))
+char *xstrvfmt(const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+char *xstrfmt(const char *fmt, ...);
+
 #endif /* STRBUF_H */
diff --git a/streaming.c b/streaming.c
index 71072e1b1d..811fcc24d2 100644
--- a/streaming.c
+++ b/streaming.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ int close_istream(struct git_istream *st)
 	return r;
 }
 
-ssize_t read_istream(struct git_istream *st, char *buf, size_t sz)
+ssize_t read_istream(struct git_istream *st, void *buf, size_t sz)
 {
 	return st->vtbl->read(st, buf, sz);
 }
@@ -111,17 +111,17 @@ static enum input_source istream_source(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	unsigned long size;
 	int status;
 
+	oi->typep = type;
 	oi->sizep = &size;
-	status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
+	status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi, 0);
 	if (status < 0)
 		return stream_error;
-	*type = status;
 
 	switch (oi->whence) {
 	case OI_LOOSE:
 		return loose;
 	case OI_PACKED:
-		if (!oi->u.packed.is_delta && big_file_threshold <= size)
+		if (!oi->u.packed.is_delta && big_file_threshold < size)
 			return pack_non_delta;
 		/* fallthru */
 	default:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ struct git_istream *open_istream(const unsigned char *sha1,
 				 struct stream_filter *filter)
 {
 	struct git_istream *st;
-	struct object_info oi;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
 	const unsigned char *real = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
 	enum input_source src = istream_source(real, type, &oi);
 
@@ -149,11 +149,13 @@ struct git_istream *open_istream(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			return NULL;
 		}
 	}
-	if (st && filter) {
+	if (filter) {
 		/* Add "&& !is_null_stream_filter(filter)" for performance */
 		struct git_istream *nst = attach_stream_filter(st, filter);
-		if (!nst)
+		if (!nst) {
 			close_istream(st);
+			return NULL;
+		}
 		st = nst;
 	}
 
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ static read_method_decl(filtered)
 		if (!fs->input_finished) {
 			fs->i_end = read_istream(fs->upstream, fs->ibuf, FILTER_BUFFER);
 			if (fs->i_end < 0)
-				break;
+				return -1;
 			if (fs->i_end)
 				continue;
 		}
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ static read_method_decl(loose)
 			st->z_state = z_done;
 			break;
 		}
-		if (status != Z_OK && status != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
+		if (status != Z_OK && (status != Z_BUF_ERROR || total_read < sz)) {
 			git_inflate_end(&st->z);
 			st->z_state = z_error;
 			return -1;
@@ -489,3 +491,63 @@ static open_method_decl(incore)
 
 	return st->u.incore.buf ? 0 : -1;
 }
+
+
+/****************************************************************
+ * Users of streaming interface
+ ****************************************************************/
+
+int stream_blob_to_fd(int fd, unsigned const char *sha1, struct stream_filter *filter,
+		      int can_seek)
+{
+	struct git_istream *st;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	ssize_t kept = 0;
+	int result = -1;
+
+	st = open_istream(sha1, &type, &sz, filter);
+	if (!st) {
+		if (filter)
+			free_stream_filter(filter);
+		return result;
+	}
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		goto close_and_exit;
+	for (;;) {
+		char buf[1024 * 16];
+		ssize_t wrote, holeto;
+		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+		if (readlen < 0)
+			goto close_and_exit;
+		if (!readlen)
+			break;
+		if (can_seek && sizeof(buf) == readlen) {
+			for (holeto = 0; holeto < readlen; holeto++)
+				if (buf[holeto])
+					break;
+			if (readlen == holeto) {
+				kept += holeto;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (kept && lseek(fd, kept, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
+			goto close_and_exit;
+		else
+			kept = 0;
+		wrote = write_in_full(fd, buf, readlen);
+
+		if (wrote != readlen)
+			goto close_and_exit;
+	}
+	if (kept && (lseek(fd, kept - 1, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1 ||
+		     xwrite(fd, "", 1) != 1))
+		goto close_and_exit;
+	result = 0;
+
+ close_and_exit:
+	close_istream(st);
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/streaming.h b/streaming.h
index 589e857b8c..1d05c2a465 100644
--- a/streaming.h
+++ b/streaming.h
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ struct git_istream;
 
 extern struct git_istream *open_istream(const unsigned char *, enum object_type *, unsigned long *, struct stream_filter *);
 extern int close_istream(struct git_istream *);
-extern ssize_t read_istream(struct git_istream *, char *, size_t);
+extern ssize_t read_istream(struct git_istream *, void *, size_t);
+
+extern int stream_blob_to_fd(int fd, const unsigned char *, struct stream_filter *, int can_seek);
 
 #endif /* STREAMING_H */
diff --git a/string-list.c b/string-list.c
index d9810aba42..62d20846cb 100644
--- a/string-list.c
+++ b/string-list.c
@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 
+void string_list_init(struct string_list *list, int strdup_strings)
+{
+	memset(list, 0, sizeof(*list));
+	list->strdup_strings = strdup_strings;
+}
+
 /* if there is no exact match, point to the index where the entry could be
  * inserted */
 static int get_entry_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
 		int *exact_match)
 {
 	int left = -1, right = list->nr;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 
 	while (left + 1 < right) {
 		int middle = (left + right) / 2;
-		int compare = strcmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
+		int compare = cmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
 		if (compare < 0)
 			right = middle;
 		else if (compare > 0)
@@ -36,8 +43,7 @@ static int add_entry(int insert_at, struct string_list *list, const char *string
 
 	if (list->nr + 1 >= list->alloc) {
 		list->alloc += 32;
-		list->items = xrealloc(list->items, list->alloc
-				* sizeof(struct string_list_item));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(list->items, list->alloc);
 	}
 	if (index < list->nr)
 		memmove(list->items + index + 1, list->items + index,
@@ -53,13 +59,7 @@ static int add_entry(int insert_at, struct string_list *list, const char *string
 
 struct string_list_item *string_list_insert(struct string_list *list, const char *string)
 {
-	return string_list_insert_at_index(list, -1, string);
-}
-
-struct string_list_item *string_list_insert_at_index(struct string_list *list,
-						     int insert_at, const char *string)
-{
-	int index = add_entry(insert_at, list, string);
+	int index = add_entry(-1, list, string);
 
 	if (index < 0)
 		index = -1 - index;
@@ -92,6 +92,24 @@ struct string_list_item *string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list, const char
 	return list->items + i;
 }
 
+void string_list_remove_duplicates(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
+{
+	if (list->nr > 1) {
+		int src, dst;
+		compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
+		for (src = dst = 1; src < list->nr; src++) {
+			if (!cmp(list->items[dst - 1].string, list->items[src].string)) {
+				if (list->strdup_strings)
+					free(list->items[src].string);
+				if (free_util)
+					free(list->items[src].util);
+			} else
+				list->items[dst++] = list->items[src];
+		}
+		list->nr = dst;
+	}
+}
+
 int for_each_string_list(struct string_list *list,
 			 string_list_each_func_t fn, void *cb_data)
 {
@@ -102,6 +120,32 @@ int for_each_string_list(struct string_list *list,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void filter_string_list(struct string_list *list, int free_util,
+			string_list_each_func_t want, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int src, dst = 0;
+	for (src = 0; src < list->nr; src++) {
+		if (want(&list->items[src], cb_data)) {
+			list->items[dst++] = list->items[src];
+		} else {
+			if (list->strdup_strings)
+				free(list->items[src].string);
+			if (free_util)
+				free(list->items[src].util);
+		}
+	}
+	list->nr = dst;
+}
+
+static int item_is_not_empty(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
+{
+	return *item->string != '\0';
+}
+
+void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util) {
+	filter_string_list(list, free_util, item_is_not_empty, NULL);
+}
+
 void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
 {
 	if (list->items) {
@@ -148,34 +192,51 @@ void print_string_list(const struct string_list *p, const char *text)
 		printf("%s:%p\n", p->items[i].string, p->items[i].util);
 }
 
-struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list, const char *string)
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append_nodup(struct string_list *list,
+						  char *string)
 {
+	struct string_list_item *retval;
 	ALLOC_GROW(list->items, list->nr + 1, list->alloc);
-	list->items[list->nr].string =
-		list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string;
-	list->items[list->nr].util = NULL;
-	return list->items + list->nr++;
+	retval = &list->items[list->nr++];
+	retval->string = string;
+	retval->util = NULL;
+	return retval;
 }
 
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list,
+					    const char *string)
+{
+	return string_list_append_nodup(
+			list,
+			list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string);
+}
+
+/* Yuck */
+static compare_strings_fn compare_for_qsort;
+
+/* Only call this from inside string_list_sort! */
 static int cmp_items(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
 	const struct string_list_item *one = a;
 	const struct string_list_item *two = b;
-	return strcmp(one->string, two->string);
+	return compare_for_qsort(one->string, two->string);
 }
 
-void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list)
+void string_list_sort(struct string_list *list)
 {
+	compare_for_qsort = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 	qsort(list->items, list->nr, sizeof(*list->items), cmp_items);
 }
 
 struct string_list_item *unsorted_string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list,
 						     const char *string)
 {
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
-		if (!strcmp(string, list->items[i].string))
-			return list->items + i;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, list)
+		if (!cmp(string, item->string))
+			return item;
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -194,3 +255,56 @@ void unsorted_string_list_delete_item(struct string_list *list, int i, int free_
 	list->items[i] = list->items[list->nr-1];
 	list->nr--;
 }
+
+int string_list_split(struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+		      int delim, int maxsplit)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	const char *p = string, *end;
+
+	if (!list->strdup_strings)
+		die("internal error in string_list_split(): "
+		    "list->strdup_strings must be set");
+	for (;;) {
+		count++;
+		if (maxsplit >= 0 && count > maxsplit) {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+		end = strchr(p, delim);
+		if (end) {
+			string_list_append_nodup(list, xmemdupz(p, end - p));
+			p = end + 1;
+		} else {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int string_list_split_in_place(struct string_list *list, char *string,
+			       int delim, int maxsplit)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	char *p = string, *end;
+
+	if (list->strdup_strings)
+		die("internal error in string_list_split_in_place(): "
+		    "list->strdup_strings must not be set");
+	for (;;) {
+		count++;
+		if (maxsplit >= 0 && count > maxsplit) {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+		end = strchr(p, delim);
+		if (end) {
+			*end = '\0';
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			p = end + 1;
+		} else {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/string-list.h b/string-list.h
index 0684cb73bf..d3809a1417 100644
--- a/string-list.h
+++ b/string-list.h
@@ -5,14 +5,20 @@ struct string_list_item {
 	char *string;
 	void *util;
 };
+
+typedef int (*compare_strings_fn)(const char *, const char *);
+
 struct string_list {
 	struct string_list_item *items;
 	unsigned int nr, alloc;
 	unsigned int strdup_strings:1;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp; /* NULL uses strcmp() */
 };
 
-#define STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
-#define STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP   { NULL, 0, 0, 1 }
+#define STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP { NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL }
+#define STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP   { NULL, 0, 0, 1, NULL }
+
+void string_list_init(struct string_list *list, int strdup_strings);
 
 void print_string_list(const struct string_list *p, const char *text);
 void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
@@ -29,20 +35,97 @@ int for_each_string_list(struct string_list *list,
 #define for_each_string_list_item(item,list) \
 	for (item = (list)->items; item < (list)->items + (list)->nr; ++item)
 
+/*
+ * Apply want to each item in list, retaining only the ones for which
+ * the function returns true.  If free_util is true, call free() on
+ * the util members of any items that have to be deleted.  Preserve
+ * the order of the items that are retained.
+ */
+void filter_string_list(struct string_list *list, int free_util,
+			string_list_each_func_t want, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Remove any empty strings from the list.  If free_util is true, call
+ * free() on the util members of any items that have to be deleted.
+ * Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
+ */
+void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
+
 /* Use these functions only on sorted lists: */
 int string_list_has_string(const struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 int string_list_find_insert_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
 				  int negative_existing_index);
+/*
+ * Inserts the given string into the sorted list.
+ * If the string already exists, the list is not altered.
+ * Returns the string_list_item, the string is part of.
+ */
 struct string_list_item *string_list_insert(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
-struct string_list_item *string_list_insert_at_index(struct string_list *list,
-						     int insert_at, const char *string);
+
+/*
+ * Checks if the given string is part of a sorted list. If it is part of the list,
+ * return the coresponding string_list_item, NULL otherwise.
+ */
 struct string_list_item *string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 
+/*
+ * Remove all but the first of consecutive entries with the same
+ * string value.  If free_util is true, call free() on the util
+ * members of any items that have to be deleted.
+ */
+void string_list_remove_duplicates(struct string_list *sorted_list, int free_util);
+
+
 /* Use these functions only on unsorted lists: */
+
+/*
+ * Add string to the end of list.  If list->strdup_string is set, then
+ * string is copied; otherwise the new string_list_entry refers to the
+ * input string.
+ */
 struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
-void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list);
+
+/*
+ * Like string_list_append(), except string is never copied.  When
+ * list->strdup_strings is set, this function can be used to hand
+ * ownership of a malloc()ed string to list without making an extra
+ * copy.
+ */
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append_nodup(struct string_list *list, char *string);
+
+void string_list_sort(struct string_list *list);
 int unsorted_string_list_has_string(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 struct string_list_item *unsorted_string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list,
 						     const char *string);
+
 void unsorted_string_list_delete_item(struct string_list *list, int i, int free_util);
+
+/*
+ * Split string into substrings on character delim and append the
+ * substrings to list.  The input string is not modified.
+ * list->strdup_strings must be set, as new memory needs to be
+ * allocated to hold the substrings.  If maxsplit is non-negative,
+ * then split at most maxsplit times.  Return the number of substrings
+ * appended to list.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', -1) -> ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', 0) -> ["foo:bar:baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', 1) -> ["foo", "bar:baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:", ':', -1) -> ["foo", "bar", ""]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "", ':', -1) -> [""]
+ *   string_list_split(l, ":", ':', -1) -> ["", ""]
+ */
+int string_list_split(struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+		      int delim, int maxsplit);
+
+/*
+ * Like string_list_split(), except that string is split in-place: the
+ * delimiter characters in string are overwritten with NULs, and the
+ * new string_list_items point into string (which therefore must not
+ * be modified or freed while the string_list is in use).
+ * list->strdup_strings must *not* be set.
+ */
+int string_list_split_in_place(struct string_list *list, char *string,
+			       int delim, int maxsplit);
 #endif /* STRING_LIST_H */
diff --git a/submodule-config.c b/submodule-config.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db1847ff68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/submodule-config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+/*
+ * submodule cache lookup structure
+ * There is one shared set of 'struct submodule' entries which can be
+ * looked up by their sha1 blob id of the .gitmodule file and either
+ * using path or name as key.
+ * for_path stores submodule entries with path as key
+ * for_name stores submodule entries with name as key
+ */
+struct submodule_cache {
+	struct hashmap for_path;
+	struct hashmap for_name;
+};
+
+/*
+ * thin wrapper struct needed to insert 'struct submodule' entries to
+ * the hashmap
+ */
+struct submodule_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	struct submodule *config;
+};
+
+enum lookup_type {
+	lookup_name,
+	lookup_path
+};
+
+static struct submodule_cache the_submodule_cache;
+static int is_cache_init;
+
+static int config_path_cmp(const struct submodule_entry *a,
+			   const struct submodule_entry *b,
+			   const void *unused)
+{
+	return strcmp(a->config->path, b->config->path) ||
+	       hashcmp(a->config->gitmodules_sha1, b->config->gitmodules_sha1);
+}
+
+static int config_name_cmp(const struct submodule_entry *a,
+			   const struct submodule_entry *b,
+			   const void *unused)
+{
+	return strcmp(a->config->name, b->config->name) ||
+	       hashcmp(a->config->gitmodules_sha1, b->config->gitmodules_sha1);
+}
+
+static void cache_init(struct submodule_cache *cache)
+{
+	hashmap_init(&cache->for_path, (hashmap_cmp_fn) config_path_cmp, 0);
+	hashmap_init(&cache->for_name, (hashmap_cmp_fn) config_name_cmp, 0);
+}
+
+static void free_one_config(struct submodule_entry *entry)
+{
+	free((void *) entry->config->path);
+	free((void *) entry->config->name);
+	free((void *) entry->config->update_strategy.command);
+	free(entry->config);
+}
+
+static void cache_free(struct submodule_cache *cache)
+{
+	struct hashmap_iter iter;
+	struct submodule_entry *entry;
+
+	/*
+	 * We iterate over the name hash here to be symmetric with the
+	 * allocation of struct submodule entries. Each is allocated by
+	 * their .gitmodule blob sha1 and submodule name.
+	 */
+	hashmap_iter_init(&cache->for_name, &iter);
+	while ((entry = hashmap_iter_next(&iter)))
+		free_one_config(entry);
+
+	hashmap_free(&cache->for_path, 1);
+	hashmap_free(&cache->for_name, 1);
+}
+
+static unsigned int hash_sha1_string(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				     const char *string)
+{
+	return memhash(sha1, 20) + strhash(string);
+}
+
+static void cache_put_path(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+			   struct submodule *submodule)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_sha1_string(submodule->gitmodules_sha1,
+					     submodule->path);
+	struct submodule_entry *e = xmalloc(sizeof(*e));
+	hashmap_entry_init(e, hash);
+	e->config = submodule;
+	hashmap_put(&cache->for_path, e);
+}
+
+static void cache_remove_path(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+			      struct submodule *submodule)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_sha1_string(submodule->gitmodules_sha1,
+					     submodule->path);
+	struct submodule_entry e;
+	struct submodule_entry *removed;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&e, hash);
+	e.config = submodule;
+	removed = hashmap_remove(&cache->for_path, &e, NULL);
+	free(removed);
+}
+
+static void cache_add(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+		      struct submodule *submodule)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_sha1_string(submodule->gitmodules_sha1,
+					     submodule->name);
+	struct submodule_entry *e = xmalloc(sizeof(*e));
+	hashmap_entry_init(e, hash);
+	e->config = submodule;
+	hashmap_add(&cache->for_name, e);
+}
+
+static const struct submodule *cache_lookup_path(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+		const unsigned char *gitmodules_sha1, const char *path)
+{
+	struct submodule_entry *entry;
+	unsigned int hash = hash_sha1_string(gitmodules_sha1, path);
+	struct submodule_entry key;
+	struct submodule key_config;
+
+	hashcpy(key_config.gitmodules_sha1, gitmodules_sha1);
+	key_config.path = path;
+
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, hash);
+	key.config = &key_config;
+
+	entry = hashmap_get(&cache->for_path, &key, NULL);
+	if (entry)
+		return entry->config;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct submodule *cache_lookup_name(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+		const unsigned char *gitmodules_sha1, const char *name)
+{
+	struct submodule_entry *entry;
+	unsigned int hash = hash_sha1_string(gitmodules_sha1, name);
+	struct submodule_entry key;
+	struct submodule key_config;
+
+	hashcpy(key_config.gitmodules_sha1, gitmodules_sha1);
+	key_config.name = name;
+
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, hash);
+	key.config = &key_config;
+
+	entry = hashmap_get(&cache->for_name, &key, NULL);
+	if (entry)
+		return entry->config;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int name_and_item_from_var(const char *var, struct strbuf *name,
+				  struct strbuf *item)
+{
+	const char *subsection, *key;
+	int subsection_len, parse;
+	parse = parse_config_key(var, "submodule", &subsection,
+			&subsection_len, &key);
+	if (parse < 0 || !subsection)
+		return 0;
+
+	strbuf_add(name, subsection, subsection_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(item, key);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct submodule *lookup_or_create_by_name(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+		const unsigned char *gitmodules_sha1, const char *name)
+{
+	struct submodule *submodule;
+	struct strbuf name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	submodule = cache_lookup_name(cache, gitmodules_sha1, name);
+	if (submodule)
+		return submodule;
+
+	submodule = xmalloc(sizeof(*submodule));
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&name_buf, name);
+	submodule->name = strbuf_detach(&name_buf, NULL);
+
+	submodule->path = NULL;
+	submodule->url = NULL;
+	submodule->update_strategy.type = SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED;
+	submodule->update_strategy.command = NULL;
+	submodule->fetch_recurse = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_NONE;
+	submodule->ignore = NULL;
+	submodule->recommend_shallow = -1;
+
+	hashcpy(submodule->gitmodules_sha1, gitmodules_sha1);
+
+	cache_add(cache, submodule);
+
+	return submodule;
+}
+
+static int parse_fetch_recurse(const char *opt, const char *arg,
+			       int die_on_error)
+{
+	switch (git_config_maybe_bool(opt, arg)) {
+	case 1:
+		return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON;
+	case 0:
+		return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
+	default:
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "on-demand"))
+			return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND;
+
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("bad %s argument: %s", opt, arg);
+		else
+			return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ERROR;
+	}
+}
+
+int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg)
+{
+	return parse_fetch_recurse(opt, arg, 1);
+}
+
+static int parse_push_recurse(const char *opt, const char *arg,
+			       int die_on_error)
+{
+	switch (git_config_maybe_bool(opt, arg)) {
+	case 1:
+		/* There's no simple "on" value when pushing */
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("bad %s argument: %s", opt, arg);
+		else
+			return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ERROR;
+	case 0:
+		return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
+	default:
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "on-demand"))
+			return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "check"))
+			return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK;
+		else if (die_on_error)
+			die("bad %s argument: %s", opt, arg);
+		else
+			return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ERROR;
+	}
+}
+
+int parse_push_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg)
+{
+	return parse_push_recurse(opt, arg, 1);
+}
+
+static void warn_multiple_config(const unsigned char *commit_sha1,
+				 const char *name, const char *option)
+{
+	const char *commit_string = "WORKTREE";
+	if (commit_sha1)
+		commit_string = sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1);
+	warning("%s:.gitmodules, multiple configurations found for "
+			"'submodule.%s.%s'. Skipping second one!",
+			commit_string, name, option);
+}
+
+struct parse_config_parameter {
+	struct submodule_cache *cache;
+	const unsigned char *commit_sha1;
+	const unsigned char *gitmodules_sha1;
+	int overwrite;
+};
+
+static int parse_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	struct parse_config_parameter *me = data;
+	struct submodule *submodule;
+	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT, item = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	/* this also ensures that we only parse submodule entries */
+	if (!name_and_item_from_var(var, &name, &item))
+		return 0;
+
+	submodule = lookup_or_create_by_name(me->cache,
+					     me->gitmodules_sha1,
+					     name.buf);
+
+	if (!strcmp(item.buf, "path")) {
+		if (!value)
+			ret = config_error_nonbool(var);
+		else if (!me->overwrite && submodule->path)
+			warn_multiple_config(me->commit_sha1, submodule->name,
+					"path");
+		else {
+			if (submodule->path)
+				cache_remove_path(me->cache, submodule);
+			free((void *) submodule->path);
+			submodule->path = xstrdup(value);
+			cache_put_path(me->cache, submodule);
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(item.buf, "fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
+		/* when parsing worktree configurations we can die early */
+		int die_on_error = is_null_sha1(me->gitmodules_sha1);
+		if (!me->overwrite &&
+		    submodule->fetch_recurse != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_NONE)
+			warn_multiple_config(me->commit_sha1, submodule->name,
+					"fetchrecursesubmodules");
+		else
+			submodule->fetch_recurse = parse_fetch_recurse(
+								var, value,
+								die_on_error);
+	} else if (!strcmp(item.buf, "ignore")) {
+		if (!value)
+			ret = config_error_nonbool(var);
+		else if (!me->overwrite && submodule->ignore)
+			warn_multiple_config(me->commit_sha1, submodule->name,
+					"ignore");
+		else if (strcmp(value, "untracked") &&
+			 strcmp(value, "dirty") &&
+			 strcmp(value, "all") &&
+			 strcmp(value, "none"))
+			warning("Invalid parameter '%s' for config option "
+					"'submodule.%s.ignore'", value, var);
+		else {
+			free((void *) submodule->ignore);
+			submodule->ignore = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(item.buf, "url")) {
+		if (!value) {
+			ret = config_error_nonbool(var);
+		} else if (!me->overwrite && submodule->url) {
+			warn_multiple_config(me->commit_sha1, submodule->name,
+					"url");
+		} else {
+			free((void *) submodule->url);
+			submodule->url = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(item.buf, "update")) {
+		if (!value)
+			ret = config_error_nonbool(var);
+		else if (!me->overwrite &&
+			 submodule->update_strategy.type != SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED)
+			warn_multiple_config(me->commit_sha1, submodule->name,
+					     "update");
+		else if (parse_submodule_update_strategy(value,
+			 &submodule->update_strategy) < 0)
+				die(_("invalid value for %s"), var);
+	} else if (!strcmp(item.buf, "shallow")) {
+		if (!me->overwrite && submodule->recommend_shallow != -1)
+			warn_multiple_config(me->commit_sha1, submodule->name,
+					     "shallow");
+		else {
+			submodule->recommend_shallow =
+				git_config_bool(var, value);
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&name);
+	strbuf_release(&item);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int gitmodule_sha1_from_commit(const unsigned char *commit_sha1,
+				      unsigned char *gitmodules_sha1)
+{
+	struct strbuf rev = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(commit_sha1)) {
+		hashcpy(gitmodules_sha1, null_sha1);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&rev, "%s:.gitmodules", sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1));
+	if (get_sha1(rev.buf, gitmodules_sha1) >= 0)
+		ret = 1;
+
+	strbuf_release(&rev);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* This does a lookup of a submodule configuration by name or by path
+ * (key) with on-demand reading of the appropriate .gitmodules from
+ * revisions.
+ */
+static const struct submodule *config_from(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+		const unsigned char *commit_sha1, const char *key,
+		enum lookup_type lookup_type)
+{
+	struct strbuf rev = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned long config_size;
+	char *config;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	enum object_type type;
+	const struct submodule *submodule = NULL;
+	struct parse_config_parameter parameter;
+
+	/*
+	 * If any parameter except the cache is a NULL pointer just
+	 * return the first submodule. Can be used to check whether
+	 * there are any submodules parsed.
+	 */
+	if (!commit_sha1 || !key) {
+		struct hashmap_iter iter;
+		struct submodule_entry *entry;
+
+		entry = hashmap_iter_first(&cache->for_name, &iter);
+		if (!entry)
+			return NULL;
+		return entry->config;
+	}
+
+	if (!gitmodule_sha1_from_commit(commit_sha1, sha1))
+		return NULL;
+
+	switch (lookup_type) {
+	case lookup_name:
+		submodule = cache_lookup_name(cache, sha1, key);
+		break;
+	case lookup_path:
+		submodule = cache_lookup_path(cache, sha1, key);
+		break;
+	}
+	if (submodule)
+		return submodule;
+
+	config = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &config_size);
+	if (!config)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(config);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* fill the submodule config into the cache */
+	parameter.cache = cache;
+	parameter.commit_sha1 = commit_sha1;
+	parameter.gitmodules_sha1 = sha1;
+	parameter.overwrite = 0;
+	git_config_from_mem(parse_config, "submodule-blob", rev.buf,
+			config, config_size, &parameter);
+	free(config);
+
+	switch (lookup_type) {
+	case lookup_name:
+		return cache_lookup_name(cache, sha1, key);
+	case lookup_path:
+		return cache_lookup_path(cache, sha1, key);
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static const struct submodule *config_from_path(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+		const unsigned char *commit_sha1, const char *path)
+{
+	return config_from(cache, commit_sha1, path, lookup_path);
+}
+
+static const struct submodule *config_from_name(struct submodule_cache *cache,
+		const unsigned char *commit_sha1, const char *name)
+{
+	return config_from(cache, commit_sha1, name, lookup_name);
+}
+
+static void ensure_cache_init(void)
+{
+	if (is_cache_init)
+		return;
+
+	cache_init(&the_submodule_cache);
+	is_cache_init = 1;
+}
+
+int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	struct parse_config_parameter parameter;
+	parameter.cache = &the_submodule_cache;
+	parameter.commit_sha1 = NULL;
+	parameter.gitmodules_sha1 = null_sha1;
+	parameter.overwrite = 1;
+
+	ensure_cache_init();
+	return parse_config(var, value, &parameter);
+}
+
+const struct submodule *submodule_from_name(const unsigned char *commit_sha1,
+		const char *name)
+{
+	ensure_cache_init();
+	return config_from_name(&the_submodule_cache, commit_sha1, name);
+}
+
+const struct submodule *submodule_from_path(const unsigned char *commit_sha1,
+		const char *path)
+{
+	ensure_cache_init();
+	return config_from_path(&the_submodule_cache, commit_sha1, path);
+}
+
+void submodule_free(void)
+{
+	cache_free(&the_submodule_cache);
+	is_cache_init = 0;
+}
diff --git a/submodule-config.h b/submodule-config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1fdcc0c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/submodule-config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef SUBMODULE_CONFIG_CACHE_H
+#define SUBMODULE_CONFIG_CACHE_H
+
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+/*
+ * Submodule entry containing the information about a certain submodule
+ * in a certain revision.
+ */
+struct submodule {
+	const char *path;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *url;
+	int fetch_recurse;
+	const char *ignore;
+	struct submodule_update_strategy update_strategy;
+	/* the sha1 blob id of the responsible .gitmodules file */
+	unsigned char gitmodules_sha1[20];
+	int recommend_shallow;
+};
+
+int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg);
+int parse_push_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg);
+int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value);
+const struct submodule *submodule_from_name(const unsigned char *commit_sha1,
+		const char *name);
+const struct submodule *submodule_from_path(const unsigned char *commit_sha1,
+		const char *path);
+void submodule_free(void);
+
+#endif /* SUBMODULE_CONFIG_H */
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index 68c1ba90b9..abc2ac2a10 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "diff.h"
@@ -10,12 +11,13 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "thread-utils.h"
+#include "quote.h"
 
-static struct string_list config_name_for_path;
-static struct string_list config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name;
-static struct string_list config_ignore_for_name;
 static int config_fetch_recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND;
-static struct string_list changed_submodule_paths;
+static int parallel_jobs = 1;
+static struct string_list changed_submodule_paths = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 static int initialized_fetch_ref_tips;
 static struct sha1_array ref_tips_before_fetch;
 static struct sha1_array ref_tips_after_fetch;
@@ -30,40 +32,126 @@ static struct sha1_array ref_tips_after_fetch;
  */
 static int gitmodules_is_unmerged;
 
+/*
+ * This flag is set if the .gitmodules file had unstaged modifications on
+ * startup. This must be checked before allowing modifications to the
+ * .gitmodules file with the intention to stage them later, because when
+ * continuing we would stage the modifications the user didn't stage herself
+ * too. That might change in a future version when we learn to stage the
+ * changes we do ourselves without staging any previous modifications.
+ */
+static int gitmodules_is_modified;
+
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(void)
+{
+	return !gitmodules_is_modified;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to update the "path" entry in the "submodule.<name>" section of the
+ * .gitmodules file. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<oldpath> setting was found and we could update it.
+ */
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{
+	struct strbuf entry = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const struct submodule *submodule;
+
+	if (!file_exists(".gitmodules")) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+		return -1;
+
+	if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
+		die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+	submodule = submodule_from_path(null_sha1, oldpath);
+	if (!submodule || !submodule->name) {
+		warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), oldpath);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, "submodule.");
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, submodule->name);
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, ".path");
+	if (git_config_set_in_file_gently(".gitmodules", entry.buf, newpath) < 0) {
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"), entry.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&entry);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&entry);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to remove the "submodule.<name>" section from .gitmodules where the given
+ * path is configured. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<path> setting was found and we could remove it.
+ */
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf sect = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const struct submodule *submodule;
+
+	if (!file_exists(".gitmodules")) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+		return -1;
+
+	if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
+		die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+	submodule = submodule_from_path(null_sha1, path);
+	if (!submodule || !submodule->name) {
+		warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&sect, "submodule.");
+	strbuf_addstr(&sect, submodule->name);
+	if (git_config_rename_section_in_file(".gitmodules", sect.buf, NULL) < 0) {
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"), path);
+		strbuf_release(&sect);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sect);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void)
+{
+	if (add_file_to_cache(".gitmodules", 0))
+		die(_("staging updated .gitmodules failed"));
+}
+
 static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf objects_directory = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt_odb;
 	int ret = 0;
-	const char *git_dir;
+	size_t alloc;
 
-	strbuf_addf(&objects_directory, "%s/.git", path);
-	git_dir = read_gitfile(objects_directory.buf);
-	if (git_dir) {
-		strbuf_reset(&objects_directory);
-		strbuf_addstr(&objects_directory, git_dir);
-	}
-	strbuf_addstr(&objects_directory, "/objects/");
+	strbuf_git_path_submodule(&objects_directory, path, "objects/");
 	if (!is_directory(objects_directory.buf)) {
 		ret = -1;
 		goto done;
 	}
 	/* avoid adding it twice */
+	prepare_alt_odb();
 	for (alt_odb = alt_odb_list; alt_odb; alt_odb = alt_odb->next)
 		if (alt_odb->name - alt_odb->base == objects_directory.len &&
 				!strncmp(alt_odb->base, objects_directory.buf,
 					objects_directory.len))
 			goto done;
 
-	alt_odb = xmalloc(objects_directory.len + 42 + sizeof(*alt_odb));
+	alloc = st_add(objects_directory.len, 42); /* for "12/345..." sha1 */
+	alt_odb = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(*alt_odb), alloc));
 	alt_odb->next = alt_odb_list;
-	strcpy(alt_odb->base, objects_directory.buf);
+	xsnprintf(alt_odb->base, alloc, "%s", objects_directory.buf);
 	alt_odb->name = alt_odb->base + objects_directory.len;
 	alt_odb->name[2] = '/';
 	alt_odb->name[40] = '\0';
 	alt_odb->name[41] = '\0';
 	alt_odb_list = alt_odb;
-	prepare_alt_odb();
+
+	/* add possible alternates from the submodule */
+	read_info_alternates(objects_directory.buf, 0);
 done:
 	strbuf_release(&objects_directory);
 	return ret;
@@ -72,12 +160,10 @@ done:
 void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 					     const char *path)
 {
-	struct string_list_item *path_option, *ignore_option;
-	path_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, path);
-	if (path_option) {
-		ignore_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, path_option->util);
-		if (ignore_option)
-			handle_ignore_submodules_arg(diffopt, ignore_option->util);
+	const struct submodule *submodule = submodule_from_path(null_sha1, path);
+	if (submodule) {
+		if (submodule->ignore)
+			handle_ignore_submodules_arg(diffopt, submodule->ignore);
 		else if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
 	}
@@ -85,7 +171,12 @@ void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 
 int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+	if (!strcmp(var, "submodule.fetchjobs")) {
+		parallel_jobs = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (parallel_jobs < 0)
+			die(_("negative values not allowed for submodule.fetchJobs"));
+		return 0;
+	} else if (starts_with(var, "submodule."))
 		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.recursesubmodules")) {
 		config_fetch_recurse_submodules = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(var, value);
@@ -113,6 +204,11 @@ void gitmodules_config(void)
 				    !memcmp(ce->name, ".gitmodules", 11))
 					gitmodules_is_unmerged = 1;
 			}
+		} else if (pos < active_nr) {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (lstat(".gitmodules", &st) == 0 &&
+			    ce_match_stat(active_cache[pos], &st, 0) & DATA_CHANGED)
+				gitmodules_is_modified = 1;
 		}
 
 		if (!gitmodules_is_unmerged)
@@ -121,51 +217,46 @@ void gitmodules_config(void)
 	}
 }
 
-int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)
-{
-	int len;
-	struct string_list_item *config;
-	struct strbuf submodname = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	var += 10;		/* Skip "submodule." */
-
-	len = strlen(var);
-	if ((len > 5) && !strcmp(var + len - 5, ".path")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 5);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, value);
-		if (config)
-			free(config->util);
-		else
-			config = string_list_append(&config_name_for_path, xstrdup(value));
-		config->util = strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 23) && !strcmp(var + len - 23, ".fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 23);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, submodname.buf);
-		if (!config)
-			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
-		config->util = (void *)(intptr_t)parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(var, value);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 7) && !strcmp(var + len - 7, ".ignore")) {
-		if (strcmp(value, "untracked") && strcmp(value, "dirty") &&
-		    strcmp(value, "all") && strcmp(value, "none")) {
-			warning("Invalid parameter \"%s\" for config option \"submodule.%s.ignore\"", value, var);
-			return 0;
-		}
+int parse_submodule_update_strategy(const char *value,
+		struct submodule_update_strategy *dst)
+{
+	free((void*)dst->command);
+	dst->command = NULL;
+	if (!strcmp(value, "none"))
+		dst->type = SM_UPDATE_NONE;
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "checkout"))
+		dst->type = SM_UPDATE_CHECKOUT;
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "rebase"))
+		dst->type = SM_UPDATE_REBASE;
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "merge"))
+		dst->type = SM_UPDATE_MERGE;
+	else if (skip_prefix(value, "!", &value)) {
+		dst->type = SM_UPDATE_COMMAND;
+		dst->command = xstrdup(value);
+	} else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 7);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, submodname.buf);
-		if (config)
-			free(config->util);
-		else
-			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-		config->util = xstrdup(value);
-		return 0;
+const char *submodule_strategy_to_string(const struct submodule_update_strategy *s)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	switch (s->type) {
+	case SM_UPDATE_CHECKOUT:
+		return "checkout";
+	case SM_UPDATE_MERGE:
+		return "merge";
+	case SM_UPDATE_REBASE:
+		return "rebase";
+	case SM_UPDATE_NONE:
+		return "none";
+	case SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED:
+		return NULL;
+	case SM_UPDATE_COMMAND:
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "!%s", s->command);
+		return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return NULL;
 }
 
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt,
@@ -198,7 +289,7 @@ static int prepare_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, const char *path,
 	left->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
 	add_pending_object(rev, &left->object, path);
 	add_pending_object(rev, &right->object, path);
-	merge_bases = get_merge_bases(left, right, 1);
+	merge_bases = get_merge_bases(left, right);
 	if (merge_bases) {
 		if (merge_bases->item == left)
 			*fast_forward = 1;
@@ -208,12 +299,13 @@ static int prepare_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, const char *path,
 	for (list = merge_bases; list; list = list->next) {
 		list->item->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 		add_pending_object(rev, &list->item->object,
-			sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
+			oid_to_hex(&list->item->object.oid));
 	}
 	return prepare_revision_walk(rev);
 }
 
 static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	static const char format[] = "  %m %s";
@@ -223,7 +315,9 @@ static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
 	while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.date_mode = rev->date_mode;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, line_prefix);
 		if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT) {
 			if (del)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sb, del);
@@ -239,27 +333,14 @@ static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg)
-{
-	switch (git_config_maybe_bool(opt, arg)) {
-	case 1:
-		return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON;
-	case 0:
-		return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
-	default:
-		if (!strcmp(arg, "on-demand"))
-			return RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND;
-		die("bad %s argument: %s", opt, arg);
-	}
-}
-
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
-		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct commit *left = left, *right = right;
+	struct commit *left = NULL, *right = NULL;
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int fast_forward = 0, fast_backward = 0;
@@ -273,38 +354,39 @@ void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
 	else if (!(left = lookup_commit_reference(one)) ||
 		 !(right = lookup_commit_reference(two)))
 		message = "(commits not present)";
-
-	if (!message &&
-	    prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
-					&fast_forward, &fast_backward))
+	else if (prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
+					   &fast_forward, &fast_backward))
 		message = "(revision walker failed)";
 
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains untracked content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains untracked content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains modified content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains modified content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 
 	if (!hashcmp(one, two)) {
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addf(&sb, "Submodule %s %s..", path,
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s%sSubmodule %s %s..", line_prefix, meta, path,
 			find_unique_abbrev(one, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (!fast_backward && !fast_forward)
 		strbuf_addch(&sb, '.');
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s", find_unique_abbrev(two, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (message)
-		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s\n", message);
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s%s\n", message, reset);
 	else
-		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "");
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:%s\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "", reset);
 	fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, f);
 
-	if (!message) {
-		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, del, add, reset);
+	if (!message) /* only NULL if we succeeded in setting up the walk */
+		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, line_prefix, del, add, reset);
+	if (left)
 		clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
+	if (right)
 		clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
-	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
@@ -314,7 +396,8 @@ void set_config_fetch_recurse_submodules(int value)
 	config_fetch_recurse_submodules = value;
 }
 
-static int has_remote(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int has_remote(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+		      int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -325,15 +408,14 @@ static int submodule_needs_pushing(const char *path, const unsigned char sha1[20
 		return 0;
 
 	if (for_each_remote_ref_submodule(path, has_remote, NULL) > 0) {
-		struct child_process cp;
+		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 		const char *argv[] = {"rev-list", NULL, "--not", "--remotes", "-n", "1" , NULL};
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int needs_pushing = 0;
 
 		argv[1] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
-		memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 		cp.argv = argv;
-		cp.env = local_repo_env;
+		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
 		cp.no_stdin = 1;
 		cp.out = -1;
@@ -357,51 +439,38 @@ static void collect_submodules_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 					 void *data)
 {
 	int i;
-	int *needs_pushing = data;
+	struct string_list *needs_pushing = data;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(p->two->mode))
 			continue;
-		if (submodule_needs_pushing(p->two->path, p->two->sha1)) {
-			*needs_pushing = 1;
-			break;
-		}
+		if (submodule_needs_pushing(p->two->path, p->two->sha1))
+			string_list_insert(needs_pushing, p->two->path);
 	}
 }
 
-
-static void commit_need_pushing(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *parent, int *needs_pushing)
+static void find_unpushed_submodule_commits(struct commit *commit,
+		struct string_list *needs_pushing)
 {
-	const unsigned char (*parents)[20];
-	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct rev_info rev;
 
-	n = commit_list_count(parent);
-	parents = xmalloc(n * sizeof(*parents));
-
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		hashcpy((unsigned char *)(parents + i), parent->item->object.sha1);
-		parent = parent->next;
-	}
-
 	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = collect_submodules_from_diff;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = needs_pushing;
-	diff_tree_combined(commit->object.sha1, parents, n, 1, &rev);
-
-	free((void *)parents);
+	diff_tree_combined_merge(commit, 1, &rev);
 }
 
-int check_submodule_needs_pushing(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name)
+int find_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20],
+		const char *remotes_name, struct string_list *needs_pushing)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	const char *argv[] = {NULL, NULL, "--not", "NULL", NULL};
 	int argc = ARRAY_SIZE(argv) - 1;
 	char *sha1_copy;
-	int needs_pushing = 0;
+
 	struct strbuf remotes_arg = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&remotes_arg, "--remotes=%s", remotes_name);
@@ -413,13 +482,58 @@ int check_submodule_needs_pushing(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remote
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 
-	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) && !needs_pushing)
-		commit_need_pushing(commit, commit->parents, &needs_pushing);
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL)
+		find_unpushed_submodule_commits(commit, needs_pushing);
 
+	reset_revision_walk();
 	free(sha1_copy);
 	strbuf_release(&remotes_arg);
 
-	return needs_pushing;
+	return needs_pushing->nr;
+}
+
+static int push_submodule(const char *path)
+{
+	if (add_submodule_odb(path))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (for_each_remote_ref_submodule(path, has_remote, NULL) > 0) {
+		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+		const char *argv[] = {"push", NULL};
+
+		cp.argv = argv;
+		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+		cp.git_cmd = 1;
+		cp.no_stdin = 1;
+		cp.dir = path;
+		if (run_command(&cp))
+			return 0;
+		close(cp.out);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int push_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name)
+{
+	int i, ret = 1;
+	struct string_list needs_pushing = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	if (!find_unpushed_submodules(new_sha1, remotes_name, &needs_pushing))
+		return 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < needs_pushing.nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = needs_pushing.items[i].string;
+		fprintf(stderr, "Pushing submodule '%s'\n", path);
+		if (!push_submodule(path)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to push submodule '%s'\n", path);
+			ret = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&needs_pushing, 0);
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int is_submodule_commit_present(const char *path, unsigned char sha1[20])
@@ -428,22 +542,19 @@ static int is_submodule_commit_present(const char *path, unsigned char sha1[20])
 	if (!add_submodule_odb(path) && lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) {
 		/* Even if the submodule is checked out and the commit is
 		 * present, make sure it is reachable from a ref. */
-		struct child_process cp;
+		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 		const char *argv[] = {"rev-list", "-n", "1", NULL, "--not", "--all", NULL};
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		argv[3] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
-		memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 		cp.argv = argv;
-		cp.env = local_repo_env;
+		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
 		cp.no_stdin = 1;
-		cp.out = -1;
 		cp.dir = path;
-		if (!run_command(&cp) && !strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024))
+		if (!capture_command(&cp, &buf, 1024) && !buf.len)
 			is_present = 1;
 
-		close(cp.out);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 	return is_present;
@@ -480,10 +591,10 @@ static void submodule_collect_changed_cb(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 	}
 }
 
-static int add_sha1_to_array(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1,
+static int add_sha1_to_array(const char *ref, const struct object_id *oid,
 			     int flags, void *data)
 {
-	sha1_array_append(data, sha1);
+	sha1_array_append(data, oid->hash);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -509,7 +620,7 @@ static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(void)
 	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	/* No need to check if there are no submodules configured */
-	if (!config_name_for_path.nr)
+	if (!submodule_from_path(NULL, NULL))
 		return;
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
@@ -535,9 +646,8 @@ static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(void)
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 			diff_opts.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 			diff_opts.format_callback = submodule_collect_changed_cb;
-			if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-				die("diff_setup_done failed");
-			diff_tree_sha1(parent->item->object.sha1, commit->object.sha1, "", &diff_opts);
+			diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
+			diff_tree_sha1(parent->item->object.oid.hash, commit->object.oid.hash, "", &diff_opts);
 			diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
 			diff_flush(&diff_opts);
 			parent = parent->next;
@@ -550,62 +660,48 @@ static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(void)
 	initialized_fetch_ref_tips = 0;
 }
 
-int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
-			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
-			       int quiet)
+struct submodule_parallel_fetch {
+	int count;
+	struct argv_array args;
+	const char *work_tree;
+	const char *prefix;
+	int command_line_option;
+	int quiet;
+	int result;
+};
+#define SPF_INIT {0, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0}
+
+static int get_next_submodule(struct child_process *cp,
+			      struct strbuf *err, void *data, void **task_cb)
 {
-	int i, result = 0, argc = 0, default_argc;
-	struct child_process cp;
-	const char **argv;
-	struct string_list_item *name_for_path;
-	const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
-	if (!work_tree)
-		goto out;
-
-	if (!the_index.initialized)
-		if (read_cache() < 0)
-			die("index file corrupt");
-
-	/* 6: "fetch" (options) --recurse-submodules-default default "--submodule-prefix" prefix NULL */
-	argv = xcalloc(num_options + 6, sizeof(const char *));
-	argv[argc++] = "fetch";
-	for (i = 0; i < num_options; i++)
-		argv[argc++] = options[i];
-	argv[argc++] = "--recurse-submodules-default";
-	default_argc = argc++;
-	argv[argc++] = "--submodule-prefix";
-
-	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
-	cp.argv = argv;
-	cp.env = local_repo_env;
-	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	cp.no_stdin = 1;
-
-	calculate_changed_submodule_paths();
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct submodule_parallel_fetch *spf = data;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+	for (; spf->count < active_nr; spf->count++) {
 		struct strbuf submodule_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf submodule_git_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf submodule_prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		const char *git_dir, *name, *default_argv;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[spf->count];
+		const char *git_dir, *default_argv;
+		const struct submodule *submodule;
 
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 			continue;
 
-		name = ce->name;
-		name_for_path = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, ce->name);
-		if (name_for_path)
-			name = name_for_path->util;
+		submodule = submodule_from_path(null_sha1, ce->name);
+		if (!submodule)
+			submodule = submodule_from_name(null_sha1, ce->name);
 
 		default_argv = "yes";
-		if (command_line_option == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT) {
-			struct string_list_item *fetch_recurse_submodules_option;
-			fetch_recurse_submodules_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name);
-			if (fetch_recurse_submodules_option) {
-				if ((intptr_t)fetch_recurse_submodules_option->util == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)
+		if (spf->command_line_option == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT) {
+			if (submodule &&
+			    submodule->fetch_recurse !=
+						RECURSE_SUBMODULES_NONE) {
+				if (submodule->fetch_recurse ==
+						RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)
 					continue;
-				if ((intptr_t)fetch_recurse_submodules_option->util == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) {
+				if (submodule->fetch_recurse ==
+						RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) {
 					if (!unsorted_string_list_lookup(&changed_submodule_paths, ce->name))
 						continue;
 					default_argv = "on-demand";
@@ -620,41 +716,109 @@ int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
 					default_argv = "on-demand";
 				}
 			}
-		} else if (command_line_option == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) {
+		} else if (spf->command_line_option == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) {
 			if (!unsorted_string_list_lookup(&changed_submodule_paths, ce->name))
 				continue;
 			default_argv = "on-demand";
 		}
 
-		strbuf_addf(&submodule_path, "%s/%s", work_tree, ce->name);
+		strbuf_addf(&submodule_path, "%s/%s", spf->work_tree, ce->name);
 		strbuf_addf(&submodule_git_dir, "%s/.git", submodule_path.buf);
-		strbuf_addf(&submodule_prefix, "%s%s/", prefix, ce->name);
+		strbuf_addf(&submodule_prefix, "%s%s/", spf->prefix, ce->name);
 		git_dir = read_gitfile(submodule_git_dir.buf);
 		if (!git_dir)
 			git_dir = submodule_git_dir.buf;
 		if (is_directory(git_dir)) {
-			if (!quiet)
-				printf("Fetching submodule %s%s\n", prefix, ce->name);
-			cp.dir = submodule_path.buf;
-			argv[default_argc] = default_argv;
-			argv[argc] = submodule_prefix.buf;
-			if (run_command(&cp))
-				result = 1;
+			child_process_init(cp);
+			cp->dir = strbuf_detach(&submodule_path, NULL);
+			prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp->env_array);
+			cp->git_cmd = 1;
+			if (!spf->quiet)
+				strbuf_addf(err, "Fetching submodule %s%s\n",
+					    spf->prefix, ce->name);
+			argv_array_init(&cp->args);
+			argv_array_pushv(&cp->args, spf->args.argv);
+			argv_array_push(&cp->args, default_argv);
+			argv_array_push(&cp->args, "--submodule-prefix");
+			argv_array_push(&cp->args, submodule_prefix.buf);
+			ret = 1;
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_path);
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_git_dir);
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_prefix);
+		if (ret) {
+			spf->count++;
+			return 1;
+		}
 	}
-	free(argv);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_start_failure(struct strbuf *err,
+			       void *cb, void *task_cb)
+{
+	struct submodule_parallel_fetch *spf = cb;
+
+	spf->result = 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_finish(int retvalue, struct strbuf *err,
+			void *cb, void *task_cb)
+{
+	struct submodule_parallel_fetch *spf = cb;
+
+	if (retvalue)
+		spf->result = 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
+			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
+			       int quiet, int max_parallel_jobs)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct submodule_parallel_fetch spf = SPF_INIT;
+
+	spf.work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+	spf.command_line_option = command_line_option;
+	spf.quiet = quiet;
+	spf.prefix = prefix;
+
+	if (!spf.work_tree)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
+
+	argv_array_push(&spf.args, "fetch");
+	for (i = 0; i < options->argc; i++)
+		argv_array_push(&spf.args, options->argv[i]);
+	argv_array_push(&spf.args, "--recurse-submodules-default");
+	/* default value, "--submodule-prefix" and its value are added later */
+
+	if (max_parallel_jobs < 0)
+		max_parallel_jobs = parallel_jobs;
+
+	calculate_changed_submodule_paths();
+	run_processes_parallel(max_parallel_jobs,
+			       get_next_submodule,
+			       fetch_start_failure,
+			       fetch_finish,
+			       &spf);
+
+	argv_array_clear(&spf.args);
 out:
 	string_list_clear(&changed_submodule_paths, 1);
-	return result;
+	return spf.result;
 }
 
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
 {
 	ssize_t len;
-	struct child_process cp;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = {
 		"status",
 		"--porcelain",
@@ -681,9 +845,8 @@ unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
 	if (ignore_untracked)
 		argv[2] = "-uno";
 
-	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 	cp.argv = argv;
-	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
 	cp.out = -1;
@@ -720,11 +883,88 @@ unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
 	return dirty_submodule;
 }
 
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path)
+{
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"submodule",
+		"foreach",
+		"--quiet",
+		"--recursive",
+		"test -f .git",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *git_dir;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/.git", path);
+	git_dir = read_gitfile(buf.buf);
+	if (!git_dir) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	/* Now test that all nested submodules use a gitfile too */
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.no_stderr = 1;
+	cp.no_stdout = 1;
+	cp.dir = path;
+	if (run_command(&cp))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int ok_to_remove_submodule(const char *path)
+{
+	ssize_t len;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"status",
+		"--porcelain",
+		"-u",
+		"--ignore-submodules=none",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ok_to_remove = 1;
+
+	if (!file_exists(path) || is_empty_dir(path))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(path))
+		return 0;
+
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.out = -1;
+	cp.dir = path;
+	if (start_command(&cp))
+		die("Could not run 'git status --porcelain -uall --ignore-submodules=none' in submodule %s", path);
+
+	len = strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024);
+	if (len > 2)
+		ok_to_remove = 0;
+	close(cp.out);
+
+	if (finish_command(&cp))
+		die("'git status --porcelain -uall --ignore-submodules=none' failed in submodule %s", path);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ok_to_remove;
+}
+
 static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 		struct commit *a, struct commit *b)
 {
 	int i, j;
-	struct object_array merges;
+	struct object_array merges = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int contains_another;
 
@@ -734,25 +974,25 @@ static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct setup_revision_opt rev_opts;
 
-	memset(&merges, 0, sizeof(merges));
 	memset(result, 0, sizeof(struct object_array));
 	memset(&rev_opts, 0, sizeof(rev_opts));
 
 	/* get all revisions that merge commit a */
 	snprintf(merged_revision, sizeof(merged_revision), "^%s",
-			sha1_to_hex(a->object.sha1));
+			oid_to_hex(&a->object.oid));
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	rev_opts.submodule = path;
-	setup_revisions(sizeof(rev_args)/sizeof(char *)-1, rev_args, &revs, &rev_opts);
+	setup_revisions(ARRAY_SIZE(rev_args)-1, rev_args, &revs, &rev_opts);
 
 	/* save all revisions from the above list that contain b */
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
 		struct object *o = &(commit->object);
-		if (in_merge_bases(b, &commit, 1))
+		if (in_merge_bases(b, commit))
 			add_object_array(o, NULL, &merges);
 	}
+	reset_revision_walk();
 
 	/* Now we've got all merges that contain a and b. Prune all
 	 * merges that contain another found merge and save them in
@@ -764,15 +1004,14 @@ static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 		contains_another = 0;
 		for (j = 0; j < merges.nr; j++) {
 			struct commit *m2 = (struct commit *) merges.objects[j].item;
-			if (i != j && in_merge_bases(m2, &m1, 1)) {
+			if (i != j && in_merge_bases(m2, m1)) {
 				contains_another = 1;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (!contains_another)
-			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item,
-					 merges.objects[i].name, result);
+			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item, NULL, result);
 	}
 
 	free(merges.objects);
@@ -783,7 +1022,7 @@ static void print_commit(struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
-	ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+	ctx.date_mode.type = DATE_NORMAL;
 	format_commit_message(commit, " %h: %m %s", &sb, &ctx);
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", sb.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
@@ -826,18 +1065,18 @@ int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path,
 	}
 
 	/* check whether both changes are forward */
-	if (!in_merge_bases(commit_base, &commit_a, 1) ||
-	    !in_merge_bases(commit_base, &commit_b, 1)) {
+	if (!in_merge_bases(commit_base, commit_a) ||
+	    !in_merge_bases(commit_base, commit_b)) {
 		MERGE_WARNING(path, "commits don't follow merge-base");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* Case #1: a is contained in b or vice versa */
-	if (in_merge_bases(commit_a, &commit_b, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit_a, commit_b)) {
 		hashcpy(result, b);
 		return 1;
 	}
-	if (in_merge_bases(commit_b, &commit_a, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit_b, commit_a)) {
 		hashcpy(result, a);
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -871,7 +1110,7 @@ int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path,
 			"by using:\n\n"
 			"  git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 %s \"%s\"\n\n"
 			"which will accept this suggestion.\n",
-			sha1_to_hex(merges.objects[0].item->sha1), path);
+			oid_to_hex(&merges.objects[0].item->oid), path);
 		break;
 
 	default:
@@ -883,3 +1122,42 @@ int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path,
 	free(merges.objects);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/* Update gitfile and core.worktree setting to connect work tree and git dir */
+void connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(const char *work_tree, const char *git_dir)
+{
+	struct strbuf file_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf rel_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *real_work_tree = xstrdup(real_path(work_tree));
+
+	/* Update gitfile */
+	strbuf_addf(&file_name, "%s/.git", work_tree);
+	write_file(file_name.buf, "gitdir: %s",
+		   relative_path(git_dir, real_work_tree, &rel_path));
+
+	/* Update core.worktree setting */
+	strbuf_reset(&file_name);
+	strbuf_addf(&file_name, "%s/config", git_dir);
+	git_config_set_in_file(file_name.buf, "core.worktree",
+			       relative_path(real_work_tree, git_dir,
+					     &rel_path));
+
+	strbuf_release(&file_name);
+	strbuf_release(&rel_path);
+	free((void *)real_work_tree);
+}
+
+int parallel_submodules(void)
+{
+	return parallel_jobs;
+}
+
+void prepare_submodule_repo_env(struct argv_array *out)
+{
+	const char * const *var;
+
+	for (var = local_repo_env; *var; var++) {
+		if (strcmp(*var, CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT))
+			argv_array_push(out, *var);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index 80e04f3c8c..2af9390998 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -2,33 +2,71 @@
 #define SUBMODULE_H
 
 struct diff_options;
+struct argv_array;
 
 enum {
+	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK = -4,
+	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ERROR = -3,
+	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_NONE = -2,
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND = -1,
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF = 0,
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT = 1,
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON = 2
 };
 
+enum submodule_update_type {
+	SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+	SM_UPDATE_CHECKOUT,
+	SM_UPDATE_REBASE,
+	SM_UPDATE_MERGE,
+	SM_UPDATE_NONE,
+	SM_UPDATE_COMMAND
+};
+
+struct submodule_update_strategy {
+	enum submodule_update_type type;
+	const char *command;
+};
+#define SUBMODULE_UPDATE_STRATEGY_INIT {SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED, NULL}
+
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(void);
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path);
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void);
 void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 		const char *path);
 int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
-void gitmodules_config();
-int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value);
+void gitmodules_config(void);
+int parse_submodule_update_strategy(const char *value,
+		struct submodule_update_strategy *dst);
+const char *submodule_strategy_to_string(const struct submodule_update_strategy *s);
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt, const char *);
-int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg);
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
-		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset);
 void set_config_fetch_recurse_submodules(int value);
 void check_for_new_submodule_commits(unsigned char new_sha1[20]);
-int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
+int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
 			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
-			       int quiet);
+			       int quiet, int max_parallel_jobs);
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked);
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path);
+int ok_to_remove_submodule(const char *path);
 int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path, const unsigned char base[20],
 		    const unsigned char a[20], const unsigned char b[20], int search);
-int check_submodule_needs_pushing(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name);
+int find_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name,
+		struct string_list *needs_pushing);
+int push_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name);
+void connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(const char *work_tree, const char *git_dir);
+int parallel_submodules(void);
+
+/*
+ * Prepare the "env_array" parameter of a "struct child_process" for executing
+ * a submodule by clearing any repo-specific envirionment variables, but
+ * retaining any config in the environment.
+ */
+void prepare_submodule_repo_env(struct argv_array *out);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/symlinks.c b/symlinks.c
index 034943bda0..5261e8cf49 100644
--- a/symlinks.c
+++ b/symlinks.c
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
+static int threaded_check_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len);
+static int threaded_has_dirs_only_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len, int prefix_len);
+
 /*
  * Returns the length (on a path component basis) of the longest
  * common prefix match of 'name_a' and 'name_b'.
@@ -32,12 +35,11 @@ static int longest_path_match(const char *name_a, int len_a,
 	return match_len;
 }
 
-static struct cache_def default_cache;
+static struct cache_def default_cache = CACHE_DEF_INIT;
 
 static inline void reset_lstat_cache(struct cache_def *cache)
 {
-	cache->path[0] = '\0';
-	cache->len = 0;
+	strbuf_reset(&cache->path);
 	cache->flags = 0;
 	/*
 	 * The track_flags and prefix_len_stat_func members is only
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 				int prefix_len_stat_func)
 {
 	int match_len, last_slash, last_slash_dir, previous_slash;
-	int save_flags, max_len, ret;
+	int save_flags, ret;
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (cache->track_flags != track_flags ||
@@ -90,14 +92,14 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 		 * the 2 "excluding" path types.
 		 */
 		match_len = last_slash =
-			longest_path_match(name, len, cache->path, cache->len,
-					   &previous_slash);
+			longest_path_match(name, len, cache->path.buf,
+					   cache->path.len, &previous_slash);
 		*ret_flags = cache->flags & track_flags & (FL_NOENT|FL_SYMLINK);
 
 		if (!(track_flags & FL_FULLPATH) && match_len == len)
 			match_len = last_slash = previous_slash;
 
-		if (*ret_flags && match_len == cache->len)
+		if (*ret_flags && match_len == cache->path.len)
 			return match_len;
 		/*
 		 * If we now have match_len > 0, we would know that
@@ -118,21 +120,22 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 	 */
 	*ret_flags = FL_DIR;
 	last_slash_dir = last_slash;
-	max_len = len < PATH_MAX ? len : PATH_MAX;
-	while (match_len < max_len) {
+	if (len > cache->path.len)
+		strbuf_grow(&cache->path, len - cache->path.len);
+	while (match_len < len) {
 		do {
-			cache->path[match_len] = name[match_len];
+			cache->path.buf[match_len] = name[match_len];
 			match_len++;
-		} while (match_len < max_len && name[match_len] != '/');
-		if (match_len >= max_len && !(track_flags & FL_FULLPATH))
+		} while (match_len < len && name[match_len] != '/');
+		if (match_len >= len && !(track_flags & FL_FULLPATH))
 			break;
 		last_slash = match_len;
-		cache->path[last_slash] = '\0';
+		cache->path.buf[last_slash] = '\0';
 
 		if (last_slash <= prefix_len_stat_func)
-			ret = stat(cache->path, &st);
+			ret = stat(cache->path.buf, &st);
 		else
-			ret = lstat(cache->path, &st);
+			ret = lstat(cache->path.buf, &st);
 
 		if (ret) {
 			*ret_flags = FL_LSTATERR;
@@ -155,12 +158,11 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 	 * for the moment!
 	 */
 	save_flags = *ret_flags & track_flags & (FL_NOENT|FL_SYMLINK);
-	if (save_flags && last_slash > 0 && last_slash <= PATH_MAX) {
-		cache->path[last_slash] = '\0';
-		cache->len = last_slash;
+	if (save_flags && last_slash > 0) {
+		cache->path.buf[last_slash] = '\0';
+		cache->path.len = last_slash;
 		cache->flags = save_flags;
-	} else if ((track_flags & FL_DIR) &&
-		   last_slash_dir > 0 && last_slash_dir <= PATH_MAX) {
+	} else if ((track_flags & FL_DIR) && last_slash_dir > 0) {
 		/*
 		 * We have a separate test for the directory case,
 		 * since it could be that we have found a symlink or a
@@ -172,8 +174,8 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 		 * can still cache the path components before the last
 		 * one (the found symlink or non-existing component).
 		 */
-		cache->path[last_slash_dir] = '\0';
-		cache->len = last_slash_dir;
+		cache->path.buf[last_slash_dir] = '\0';
+		cache->path.len = last_slash_dir;
 		cache->flags = FL_DIR;
 	} else {
 		reset_lstat_cache(cache);
@@ -219,7 +221,20 @@ int has_symlink_leading_path(const char *name, int len)
  */
 int check_leading_path(const char *name, int len)
 {
-	struct cache_def *cache = &default_cache;	/* FIXME */
+    return threaded_check_leading_path(&default_cache, name, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return zero if path 'name' has a leading symlink component or
+ * if some leading path component does not exists.
+ *
+ * Return -1 if leading path exists and is a directory.
+ *
+ * Return path length if leading path exists and is neither a
+ * directory nor a symlink.
+ */
+static int threaded_check_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len)
+{
 	int flags;
 	int match_len = lstat_cache_matchlen(cache, name, len, &flags,
 			   FL_SYMLINK|FL_NOENT|FL_DIR, USE_ONLY_LSTAT);
@@ -240,27 +255,35 @@ int check_leading_path(const char *name, int len)
  */
 int has_dirs_only_path(const char *name, int len, int prefix_len)
 {
-	struct cache_def *cache = &default_cache;	/* FIXME */
+	return threaded_has_dirs_only_path(&default_cache, name, len, prefix_len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if all path components of 'name' exists as a
+ * directory.  If prefix_len > 0, we will test with the stat()
+ * function instead of the lstat() function for a prefix length of
+ * 'prefix_len', thus we then allow for symlinks in the prefix part as
+ * long as those points to real existing directories.
+ */
+static int threaded_has_dirs_only_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len, int prefix_len)
+{
 	return lstat_cache(cache, name, len,
 			   FL_DIR|FL_FULLPATH, prefix_len) &
 		FL_DIR;
 }
 
-static struct removal_def {
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
-	int len;
-} removal;
+static struct strbuf removal = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 static void do_remove_scheduled_dirs(int new_len)
 {
 	while (removal.len > new_len) {
-		removal.path[removal.len] = '\0';
-		if (rmdir(removal.path))
+		removal.buf[removal.len] = '\0';
+		if (rmdir(removal.buf))
 			break;
 		do {
 			removal.len--;
 		} while (removal.len > new_len &&
-			 removal.path[removal.len] != '/');
+			 removal.buf[removal.len] != '/');
 	}
 	removal.len = new_len;
 }
@@ -270,7 +293,7 @@ void schedule_dir_for_removal(const char *name, int len)
 	int match_len, last_slash, i, previous_slash;
 
 	match_len = last_slash = i =
-		longest_path_match(name, len, removal.path, removal.len,
+		longest_path_match(name, len, removal.buf, removal.len,
 				   &previous_slash);
 	/* Find last slash inside 'name' */
 	while (i < len) {
@@ -290,11 +313,8 @@ void schedule_dir_for_removal(const char *name, int len)
 	 * If we go deeper down the directory tree, we only need to
 	 * save the new path components as we go down.
 	 */
-	if (match_len < last_slash) {
-		memcpy(&removal.path[match_len], &name[match_len],
-		       last_slash - match_len);
-		removal.len = last_slash;
-	}
+	if (match_len < last_slash)
+		strbuf_add(&removal, &name[match_len], last_slash - match_len);
 }
 
 void remove_scheduled_dirs(void)
diff --git a/t/.gitattributes b/t/.gitattributes
index 1b97c5465b..2d44088f56 100644
--- a/t/.gitattributes
+++ b/t/.gitattributes
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]/* -whitespace
+t0110/url-* binary
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t b/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c92fee453f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More tests => 7;
+
+require_ok 'Git::SVN';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Utils';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Ra';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Log';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Migration';
+require_ok 'Git::IndexInfo';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::GlobSpec';
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..bfbd87845f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+# A reference cannot be a hash key, so we use an array.
+my @tests = (
+	["http://x.com", "bar"]			=> 'http://x.com/bar',
+	["http://x.com", ""]			=> 'http://x.com',
+	["http://x.com/foo/", undef]		=> 'http://x.com/foo/',
+	["http://x.com/foo/", "/bar/baz/"]	=> 'http://x.com/foo/bar/baz/',
+	["http://x.com", 'per%cent']		=> 'http://x.com/per%25cent',
+);
+
+while(@tests) {
+	my($have, $want) = splice @tests, 0, 2;
+
+	my $args = join ", ", map { qq['$_'] } map { defined($_) ? $_ : 'undef' } @$have;
+	my $name = "add_path_to_url($args) eq $want";
+	is add_path_to_url(@$have), $want, $name;
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d7b49b8d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(can_compress);
+
+# !! is the "convert this to boolean" operator.
+is !!can_compress(), !!eval { require Compress::Zlib };
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..05795ab636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+# Test our own home rolled URL canonicalizer.  Test the private one
+# directly because we can't predict what the SVN API is doing to do.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils;
+my $canonicalize_url = \&Git::SVN::Utils::_canonicalize_url_ourselves;
+
+my %tests = (
+	"http://x.com"			=> "http://x.com",
+	"http://x.com/"			=> "http://x.com",
+	"http://x.com/foo/bar"		=> "http://x.com/foo/bar",
+	"http://x.com//foo//bar//"	=> "http://x.com/foo/bar",
+	"http://x.com/  /%/"		=> "http://x.com/%20%20/%25",
+);
+
+for my $arg (keys %tests) {
+	my $want = $tests{$arg};
+
+	is $canonicalize_url->($arg), $want, "canonicalize_url('$arg') => $want";
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1da1cce156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils;
+my $collapse_dotdot = \&Git::SVN::Utils::_collapse_dotdot;
+
+my %tests = (
+	"foo/bar/baz"			=> "foo/bar/baz",
+	".."				=> "..",
+	"foo/.."			=> "",
+	"/foo/bar/../../baz"		=> "/baz",
+	"deeply/.././deeply/nested"	=> "./deeply/nested",
+);
+
+for my $arg (keys %tests) {
+	my $want = $tests{$arg};
+
+	is $collapse_dotdot->($arg), $want, "_collapse_dotdot('$arg') => $want";
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..49e1438295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+BEGIN {
+	# Override exit at BEGIN time before Git::SVN::Utils is loaded
+	# so it will see our local exit later.
+	*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub(;$) {
+	return @_ ? CORE::exit($_[0]) : CORE::exit();
+	};
+}
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(fatal);
+
+# fatal()
+{
+	# Capture the exit code and prevent exit.
+	my $exit_status;
+	no warnings 'redefine';
+	local *CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { $exit_status = $_[0] || 0 };
+
+	# Trap fatal's message to STDERR
+	my $stderr;
+	close STDERR;
+	ok open STDERR, ">", \$stderr;
+
+	fatal "Some", "Stuff", "Happened";
+
+	is $stderr, "Some Stuff Happened\n";
+	is $exit_status, 1;
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d4488e7162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	join_paths
+);
+
+# A reference cannot be a hash key, so we use an array.
+my @tests = (
+	[]					=> '',
+	["/x.com", "bar"]			=> '/x.com/bar',
+	["x.com", ""]				=> 'x.com',
+	["/x.com/foo/", undef, "bar"]		=> '/x.com/foo/bar',
+	["x.com/foo/", "/bar/baz/"]		=> 'x.com/foo/bar/baz/',
+	["foo", "bar"]				=> 'foo/bar',
+	["/foo/bar", "baz", "/biff"]		=> '/foo/bar/baz/biff',
+	["", undef, "."]			=> '.',
+	[]					=> '',
+
+);
+
+while(@tests) {
+	my($have, $want) = splice @tests, 0, 2;
+
+	my $args = join ", ", map { qq['$_'] } map { defined($_) ? $_ : 'undef' } @$have;
+	my $name = "join_paths($args) eq '$want'";
+	is join_paths(@$have), $want, $name;
+}
diff --git a/t/Makefile b/t/Makefile
index 9046ec9816..18e2b28b26 100644
--- a/t/Makefile
+++ b/t/Makefile
@@ -6,20 +6,29 @@
 -include ../config.mak.autogen
 -include ../config.mak
 
-#GIT_TEST_OPTS=--verbose --debug
+#GIT_TEST_OPTS = --verbose --debug
 SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
 PERL_PATH ?= /usr/bin/perl
 TAR ?= $(TAR)
 RM ?= rm -f
 PROVE ?= prove
 DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET ?= test
+TEST_LINT ?= test-lint
+
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = $(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)/test-results
+else
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = test-results
+endif
 
 # Shell quote;
 SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY))
 
-T = $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
-TSVN = $(wildcard t91[0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
-TGITWEB = $(wildcard t95[0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
+T = $(sort $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
+TGITWEB = $(sort $(wildcard t95[0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
+THELPERS = $(sort $(filter-out $(T),$(wildcard *.sh)))
 
 all: $(DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET)
 
@@ -27,21 +36,23 @@ test: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results-and-cleanup
 
 prove: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
-	@echo "*** prove ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config $(PROVE) --exec '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $(GIT_PROVE_OPTS) $(T) :: $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
-	$(MAKE) clean
+	@echo "*** prove ***"; $(PROVE) --exec '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $(GIT_PROVE_OPTS) $(T) :: $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+	$(MAKE) clean-except-prove-cache
 
 $(T):
-	@echo "*** $@ ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+	@echo "*** $@ ***"; '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
 
 pre-clean:
-	$(RM) -r test-results
+	$(RM) -r '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
 
-clean:
-	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* test-results
+clean-except-prove-cache:
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
 	$(RM) -r valgrind/bin
+
+clean: clean-except-prove-cache
 	$(RM) .prove
 
-test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
 
 test-lint-duplicates:
 	@dups=`echo $(T) | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/-.*//' | sort | uniq -d` && \
@@ -53,62 +64,25 @@ test-lint-executable:
 		test -z "$$bad" || { \
 		echo >&2 "non-executable tests:" $$bad; exit 1; }
 
+test-lint-shell-syntax:
+	@'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' check-non-portable-shell.pl $(T) $(THELPERS)
+
 aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
 	$(MAKE) clean
 
 aggregate-results:
-	for f in test-results/t*-*.counts; do \
+	for f in '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'/t*-*.counts; do \
 		echo "$$f"; \
 	done | '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./aggregate-results.sh
 
-# we can test NO_OPTIMIZE_COMMITS independently of LC_ALL
-full-svn-test:
-	$(MAKE) $(TSVN) GIT_SVN_NO_OPTIMIZE_COMMITS=1 LC_ALL=C
-	$(MAKE) $(TSVN) GIT_SVN_NO_OPTIMIZE_COMMITS=0 LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
-
 gitweb-test:
 	$(MAKE) $(TGITWEB)
 
 valgrind:
 	$(MAKE) GIT_TEST_OPTS="$(GIT_TEST_OPTS) --valgrind"
 
-# Smoke testing targets
--include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-
-test-results:
-	mkdir -p test-results
-
-test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz: test-results
-	$(PERL_PATH) ./harness \
-		--archive="test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz" \
-		$(T)
-
-smoke: test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz
-
-SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS =
-ifdef SMOKE_USERNAME
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F username="$(SMOKE_USERNAME)" -F password="$(SMOKE_PASSWORD)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_COMMENT
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F comments="$(SMOKE_COMMENT)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_TAGS
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F tags="$(SMOKE_TAGS)"
-endif
+perf:
+	$(MAKE) -C perf/ all
 
-smoke_report: smoke
-	curl \
-		-H "Expect: " \
-		-F project=Git \
-		-F architecture="$(uname_M)" \
-		-F platform="$(uname_S)" \
-		-F revision="$(GIT_VERSION)" \
-		-F report_file=@test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz \
-		$(SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS) \
-		http://smoke.git.nix.is/app/projects/process_add_report/1 \
-	| grep -v ^Redirecting
-
-.PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind smoke smoke_report
+.PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind perf
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index c85abaffb3..76a0daa3ac 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -71,11 +71,24 @@ You can pass --verbose (or -v), --debug (or -d), and --immediate
 (or -i) command line argument to the test, or by setting GIT_TEST_OPTS
 appropriately before running "make".
 
+-v::
 --verbose::
 	This makes the test more verbose.  Specifically, the
 	command being run and their output if any are also
 	output.
 
+--verbose-only=<pattern>::
+	Like --verbose, but the effect is limited to tests with
+	numbers matching <pattern>.  The number matched against is
+	simply the running count of the test within the file.
+
+-x::
+	Turn on shell tracing (i.e., `set -x`) during the tests
+	themselves. Implies `--verbose`. Note that in non-bash shells,
+	this can cause failures in some tests which redirect and test
+	the output of shell functions. Use with caution.
+
+-d::
 --debug::
 	This may help the person who is developing a new test.
 	It causes the command defined with test_debug to run.
@@ -84,31 +97,56 @@ appropriately before running "make".
 	failed tests so that you can inspect its contents after
 	the test finished.
 
+-i::
 --immediate::
 	This causes the test to immediately exit upon the first
-	failed test.
+	failed test. Cleanup commands requested with
+	test_when_finished are not executed if the test failed,
+	in order to keep the state for inspection by the tester
+	to diagnose the bug.
 
+-l::
 --long-tests::
 	This causes additional long-running tests to be run (where
 	available), for more exhaustive testing.
 
---valgrind::
-	Execute all Git binaries with valgrind and exit with status
-	126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will only stop
-	the test script when running under -i).  Valgrind errors
-	go to stderr, so you might want to pass the -v option, too.
+-r::
+--run=<test-selector>::
+	Run only the subset of tests indicated by
+	<test-selector>.  See section "Skipping Tests" below for
+	<test-selector> syntax.
+
+--valgrind=<tool>::
+	Execute all Git binaries under valgrind tool <tool> and exit
+	with status 126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will
+	only stop the test script when running under -i).
 
 	Since it makes no sense to run the tests with --valgrind and
 	not see any output, this option implies --verbose.  For
 	convenience, it also implies --tee.
 
-	Note that valgrind is run with the option --leak-check=no,
+	<tool> defaults to 'memcheck', just like valgrind itself.
+	Other particularly useful choices include 'helgrind' and
+	'drd', but you may use any tool recognized by your valgrind
+	installation.
+
+	As a special case, <tool> can be 'memcheck-fast', which uses
+	memcheck but disables --track-origins.  Use this if you are
+	running tests in bulk, to see if there are _any_ memory
+	issues.
+
+	Note that memcheck is run with the option --leak-check=no,
 	as the git process is short-lived and some errors are not
 	interesting. In order to run a single command under the same
 	conditions manually, you should set GIT_VALGRIND to point to
 	the 't/valgrind/' directory and use the commands under
 	't/valgrind/bin/'.
 
+--valgrind-only=<pattern>::
+	Like --valgrind, but the effect is limited to tests with
+	numbers matching <pattern>.  The number matched against is
+	simply the running count of the test within the file.
+
 --tee::
 	In addition to printing the test output to the terminal,
 	write it to files named 't/test-results/$TEST_NAME.out'.
@@ -130,6 +168,16 @@ appropriately before running "make".
 	Using this option with a RAM-based filesystem (such as tmpfs)
 	can massively speed up the test suite.
 
+--chain-lint::
+--no-chain-lint::
+	If --chain-lint is enabled, the test harness will check each
+	test to make sure that it properly "&&-chains" all commands (so
+	that a failure in the middle does not go unnoticed by the final
+	exit code of the test). This check is performed in addition to
+	running the tests themselves. You may also enable or disable
+	this feature by setting the GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT environment
+	variable to "1" or "0", respectively.
+
 You can also set the GIT_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
 the bindir of an existing git installation to test that installation.
 You still need to have built this git sandbox, from which various
@@ -165,10 +213,77 @@ and either can match the "t[0-9]{4}" part to skip the whole
 test, or t[0-9]{4} followed by ".$number" to say which
 particular test to skip.
 
-Note that some tests in the existing test suite rely on previous
-test item, so you cannot arbitrarily disable one and expect the
-remainder of test to check what the test originally was intended
-to check.
+For an individual test suite --run could be used to specify that
+only some tests should be run or that some tests should be
+excluded from a run.
+
+The argument for --run is a list of individual test numbers or
+ranges with an optional negation prefix that define what tests in
+a test suite to include in the run.  A range is two numbers
+separated with a dash and matches a range of tests with both ends
+been included.  You may omit the first or the second number to
+mean "from the first test" or "up to the very last test"
+respectively.
+
+Optional prefix of '!' means that the test or a range of tests
+should be excluded from the run.
+
+If --run starts with an unprefixed number or range the initial
+set of tests to run is empty. If the first item starts with '!'
+all the tests are added to the initial set.  After initial set is
+determined every test number or range is added or excluded from
+the set one by one, from left to right.
+
+Individual numbers or ranges could be separated either by a space
+or a comma.
+
+For example, to run only tests up to a specific test (21), one
+could do this:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='1-21'
+
+or this:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='-21'
+
+Common case is to run several setup tests (1, 2, 3) and then a
+specific test (21) that relies on that setup:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='1 2 3 21'
+
+or:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run=1,2,3,21
+
+or:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='-3 21'
+
+As noted above, the test set is built going though items left to
+right, so this:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='1-4 !3'
+
+will run tests 1, 2, and 4.  Items that comes later have higher
+precendence.  It means that this:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='!3 1-4'
+
+would just run tests from 1 to 4, including 3.
+
+You may use negation with ranges.  The following will run all
+test in the test suite except from 7 up to 11:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='!7-11'
+
+Some tests in a test suite rely on the previous tests performing
+certain actions, specifically some tests are designated as
+"setup" test, so you cannot _arbitrarily_ disable one test and
+expect the rest to function correctly.
+
+--run is mostly useful when you want to focus on a specific test
+and know what setup is needed for it.  Or when you want to run
+everything up to a certain test.
 
 
 Naming Tests
@@ -307,6 +422,33 @@ Don't:
    Use test_done instead if you need to stop the tests early (see
    "Skipping tests" below).
 
+ - use '! git cmd' when you want to make sure the git command exits
+   with failure in a controlled way by calling "die()".  Instead,
+   use 'test_must_fail git cmd'.  This will signal a failure if git
+   dies in an unexpected way (e.g. segfault).
+
+   On the other hand, don't use test_must_fail for running regular
+   platform commands; just use '! cmd'.  We are not in the business
+   of verifying that the world given to us sanely works.
+
+ - use perl without spelling it as "$PERL_PATH". This is to help our
+   friends on Windows where the platform Perl often adds CR before
+   the end of line, and they bundle Git with a version of Perl that
+   does not do so, whose path is specified with $PERL_PATH. Note that we
+   provide a "perl" function which uses $PERL_PATH under the hood, so
+   you do not need to worry when simply running perl in the test scripts
+   (but you do, for example, on a shebang line or in a sub script
+   created via "write_script").
+
+ - use sh without spelling it as "$SHELL_PATH", when the script can
+   be misinterpreted by broken platform shell (e.g. Solaris).
+
+ - chdir around in tests.  It is not sufficient to chdir to
+   somewhere and then chdir back to the original location later in
+   the test, as any intermediate step can fail and abort the test,
+   causing the next test to start in an unexpected directory.  Do so
+   inside a subshell if necessary.
+
  - Break the TAP output
 
    The raw output from your test may be interpreted by a TAP harness. TAP
@@ -342,9 +484,9 @@ If you need to skip tests you should do so by using the three-arg form
 of the test_* functions (see the "Test harness library" section
 below), e.g.:
 
-    test_expect_success PERL 'I need Perl' "
-        '$PERL_PATH' -e 'hlagh() if unf_unf()'
-    "
+    test_expect_success PERL 'I need Perl' '
+        perl -e "hlagh() if unf_unf()"
+    '
 
 The advantage of skipping tests like this is that platforms that don't
 have the PERL and other optional dependencies get an indication of how
@@ -421,6 +563,11 @@ library for your script to use.
    argument.  This is primarily meant for use during the
    development of a new test script.
 
+ - debug <git-command>
+
+   Run a git command inside a debugger. This is primarily meant for
+   use when debugging a failing test script.
+
  - test_done
 
    Your test script must have test_done at the end.  Its purpose
@@ -476,7 +623,7 @@ library for your script to use.
 
 	test_external \
 	    'GitwebCache::*FileCache*' \
-	    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9503/test_cache_interface.pl
+	    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9503/test_cache_interface.pl
 
    If the test is outputting its own TAP you should set the
    test_external_has_tap variable somewhere before calling the first
@@ -492,7 +639,7 @@ library for your script to use.
 
 	test_external_without_stderr \
 	    'Perl API' \
-	    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
+	    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
 
  - test_expect_code <exit-code> <command>
 
@@ -548,6 +695,54 @@ library for your script to use.
 		...
 	'
 
+ - test_write_lines <lines>
+
+   Write <lines> on standard output, one line per argument.
+   Useful to prepare multi-line files in a compact form.
+
+   Example:
+
+	test_write_lines a b c d e f g >foo
+
+   Is a more compact equivalent of:
+	cat >foo <<-EOF
+	a
+	b
+	c
+	d
+	e
+	f
+	g
+	EOF
+
+
+ - test_pause
+
+	This command is useful for writing and debugging tests and must be
+	removed before submitting. It halts the execution of the test and
+	spawns a shell in the trash directory. Exit the shell to continue
+	the test. Example:
+
+	test_expect_success 'test' '
+		git do-something >actual &&
+		test_pause &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+ - test_ln_s_add <path1> <path2>
+
+   This function helps systems whose filesystem does not support symbolic
+   links. Use it to add a symbolic link entry to the index when it is not
+   important that the file system entry is a symbolic link, i.e., instead
+   of the sequence
+
+	ln -s foo bar &&
+	git add bar
+
+   Sometimes it is possible to split a test in a part that does not need
+   the symbolic link in the file system and a part that does; then only
+   the latter part need be protected by a SYMLINKS prerequisite (see below).
+
 Prerequisites
 -------------
 
@@ -558,11 +753,18 @@ See the prereq argument to the test_* functions in the "Test harness
 library" section above and the "test_have_prereq" function for how to
 use these, and "test_set_prereq" for how to define your own.
 
- - PERL & PYTHON
+ - PYTHON
+
+   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PYTHON=YesPlease. Wrap any tests that
+   need Python with this.
+
+ - PERL
 
-   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PERL=YesPlease or
-   NO_PYTHON=YesPlease. Wrap any tests that need Perl or Python in
-   these.
+   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PERL=YesPlease.
+
+   Even without the PERL prerequisite, tests can assume there is a
+   usable perl interpreter at $PERL_PATH, though it need not be
+   particularly modern.
 
  - POSIXPERM
 
@@ -578,6 +780,11 @@ use these, and "test_set_prereq" for how to define your own.
    The process retains the same pid across exec(2). See fb9a2bea for
    details.
 
+ - PIPE
+
+   The filesystem we're on supports creation of FIFOs (named pipes)
+   via mkfifo(1).
+
  - SYMLINKS
 
    The filesystem we're on supports symbolic links. E.g. a FAT
@@ -593,6 +800,15 @@ use these, and "test_set_prereq" for how to define your own.
    Git was compiled with USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease. Wrap any tests
    that use git-grep --perl-regexp or git-grep -P in these.
 
+ - CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+
+   Test is run on a case insensitive file system.
+
+ - UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+
+   Test is run on a filesystem which converts decomposed utf-8 (nfd)
+   to precomposed utf-8 (nfc).
+
 Tips for Writing Tests
 ----------------------
 
@@ -658,76 +874,3 @@ Then, at the top-level:
 That'll generate a detailed cover report in the "cover_db_html"
 directory, which you can then copy to a webserver, or inspect locally
 in a browser.
-
-Smoke testing
--------------
-
-The Git test suite has support for smoke testing. Smoke testing is
-when you submit the results of a test run to a central server for
-analysis and aggregation.
-
-Running a smoke tester is an easy and valuable way of contributing to
-Git development, particularly if you have access to an uncommon OS on
-obscure hardware.
-
-After building Git you can generate a smoke report like this in the
-"t" directory:
-
-    make clean smoke
-
-You can also pass arguments via the environment. This should make it
-faster:
-
-    GIT_TEST_OPTS='--root=/dev/shm' TEST_JOBS=10 make clean smoke
-
-The "smoke" target will run the Git test suite with Perl's
-"TAP::Harness" module, and package up the results in a .tar.gz archive
-with "TAP::Harness::Archive". The former is included with Perl v5.10.1
-or later, but you'll need to install the latter from the CPAN. See the
-"Test coverage" section above for how you might do that.
-
-Once the "smoke" target finishes you'll see a message like this:
-
-    TAP Archive created at <path to git>/t/test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz
-
-To upload the smoke report you need to have curl(1) installed, then
-do:
-
-    make smoke_report
-
-To upload the report anonymously. Hopefully that'll return something
-like "Reported #7 added.".
-
-If you're going to be uploading reports frequently please request a
-user account by E-Mailing gitsmoke@v.nix.is. Once you have a username
-and password you'll be able to do:
-
-    SMOKE_USERNAME=<username> SMOKE_PASSWORD=<password> make smoke_report
-
-You can also add an additional comment to attach to the report, and/or
-a comma separated list of tags:
-
-    SMOKE_USERNAME=<username> SMOKE_PASSWORD=<password> \
-        SMOKE_COMMENT=<comment> SMOKE_TAGS=<tags> \
-        make smoke_report
-
-Once the report is uploaded it'll be made available at
-http://smoke.git.nix.is, here's an overview of Recent Smoke Reports
-for Git:
-
-    http://smoke.git.nix.is/app/projects/smoke_reports/1
-
-The reports will also be mirrored to GitHub every few hours:
-
-    http://github.com/gitsmoke/smoke-reports
-
-The Smolder SQLite database is also mirrored and made available for
-download:
-
-    http://github.com/gitsmoke/smoke-database
-
-Note that the database includes hashed (with crypt()) user passwords
-and E-Mail addresses. Don't use a valuable password for the smoke
-service if you have an account, or an E-Mail address you don't want to
-be publicly known. The user accounts are just meant to be convenient
-labels, they're not meant to be secure.
diff --git a/t/annotate-tests.sh b/t/annotate-tests.sh
index c56a77d237..093832fef1 100644
--- a/t/annotate-tests.sh
+++ b/t/annotate-tests.sh
@@ -1,12 +1,34 @@
 # This file isn't used as a test script directly, instead it is
 # sourced from t8001-annotate.sh and t8002-blame.sh.
 
+if test_have_prereq MINGW
+then
+  sanitize_L () {
+	echo "$1" | sed 'sX\(^-L\|,\)\^\?/X&\\;*Xg'
+  }
+else
+  sanitize_L () {
+	echo "$1"
+  }
+fi
+
 check_count () {
-	head=
-	case "$1" in -h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;; esac
-	echo "$PROG file $head" >&4
-	$PROG file $head >.result || return 1
-	cat .result | perl -e '
+	head= &&
+	file='file' &&
+	options= &&
+	while :
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-f) file="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-L*) options="$options $(sanitize_L "$1")"; shift ;;
+		-*) options="$options $1"; shift ;;
+		*) break ;;
+		esac
+	done &&
+	echo "$PROG $options $file $head" >&4 &&
+	$PROG $options $file $head >actual &&
+	perl -e '
 		my %expect = (@ARGV);
 		my %count = map { $_ => 0 } keys %expect;
 		while (<STDIN>) {
@@ -31,107 +53,524 @@ check_count () {
 			print STDERR "Author $author (expected $value, attributed $count) $ok\n";
 		}
 		exit($bad);
-	' "$@"
+	' "$@" <actual
 }
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare reference tree' \
-    'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
-     git add file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'check all lines blamed on A' \
-    'check_count A 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Setup new lines blamed on B' \
-    'echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" git commit -a -m "Second."'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 1' \
-    'git checkout -b branch1 master &&
-     echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >> file &&
-     echo "well." >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B, two on B1' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 2' \
-    'git checkout -b branch2 master &&
-     sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" < file > file.new &&
-     mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, one on B2' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 3' \
-    'git pull . branch1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Annotating an old revision works' \
-    'check_count -h master A 2 B 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Annotating an old revision works' \
-    'check_count -h master^ A 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 4' \
-    'echo "evil merge." >>file &&
-     git commit -a --amend'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2, one on A U Thor' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'an incomplete line added' \
-    'echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" git commit -a -m "Incomplete"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'With incomplete lines.' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'some edit' \
-    'mv file file.orig &&
-    {
-	cat file.orig &&
-	echo
-    } | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" > file &&
-    echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" git commit -a -m "edit"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'some edit' \
-    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'an obfuscated email added' \
-    'echo "No robots allowed" > file.new &&
-     cat file >> file.new &&
-     mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="E" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="E at test dot git" git commit -a -m "norobots"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'obfuscated email parsed' \
-    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1'
+test_expect_success 'setup A lines' '
+	echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Initial."
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 1 author' '
+	check_count A 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame by tag objects' '
+	git tag -m "test tag" testTag &&
+	git tag -m "test tag #2" testTag2 testTag &&
+	check_count -h testTag A 2 &&
+	check_count -h testTag2 A 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B lines' '
+	echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Second."
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors' '
+	check_count A 2 B 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B1 lines (branch1)' '
+	git checkout -b branch1 master &&
+	echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >>file &&
+	echo "well." >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 1 branch1 author' '
+	check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B2 lines (branch2)' '
+	git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+	sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" <file >file.new &&
+	mv file.new file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 1 branch2 author' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge branch1 & branch2' '
+	git merge branch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 2 merged-in authors' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame --first-parent blames merge for branch1' '
+	check_count --first-parent A 2 B 1 "A U Thor" 2 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame ancestor' '
+	check_count -h master A 2 B 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame great-ancestor' '
+	check_count -h master^ A 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup evil merge' '
+	echo "evil merge." >>file &&
+	git commit -a --amend
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame evil merge' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame huge graft' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout branch2" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/info/grafts" &&
+	graft= &&
+	for i in 0 1 2
+	do
+		for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			git checkout --orphan "$i$j" &&
+			printf "%s\n" "$i" "$j" >file &&
+			test_tick &&
+			GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$i$j GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=$i$j@test.git \
+			git commit -a -m "$i$j" &&
+			commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+			graft="$graft$commit "
+		done
+	done &&
+	printf "%s " $graft >.git/info/grafts &&
+	check_count -h 00 01 1 10 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup incomplete line' '
+	echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Incomplete"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame incomplete line' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup edits' '
+	mv file file.orig &&
+	{
+		cat file.orig &&
+		echo
+	} | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" >file &&
+	echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "edit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame edits' '
+	check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup obfuscated email' '
+	echo "No robots allowed" >file.new &&
+	cat file >>file.new &&
+	mv file.new file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="E" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="E at test dot git" \
+	git commit -a -m "norobots"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame obfuscated email' '
+	check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 (all)' '
+	check_count -L1 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L , (all)' '
+	check_count -L, A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X to end)' '
+	check_count -L5 B1 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X, (X to end)' '
+	check_count -L5, B1 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (up to Y)' '
+	check_count -L,3 A 1 B2 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,X' '
+	check_count -L3,3 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,Y' '
+	check_count -L3,6 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L Y,X (undocumented)' '
+	check_count -L6,3 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L -X' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L-1 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,+0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,+0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+1' '
+	check_count -L3,+1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+N' '
+	check_count -L3,+4 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,-0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,-0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,-0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-1' '
+	check_count -L3,-1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-N' '
+	check_count -L6,-4 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (RE to end)' '
+	check_count -L/evil/ C 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,/RE2/' '
+	check_count -L/robot/,/green/ A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,/RE/' '
+	check_count -L5,/evil/ B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,Y' '
+	check_count -L/99/,7 B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,+N' '
+	check_count -L/99/,+3 B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,-N' '
+	check_count -L/99/,-3 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+# 'file' ends with an incomplete line, so 'wc' reports one fewer lines than
+# git-blame sees, hence the last line is actually $(wc...)+1.
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X == nlines)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L$n C 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L$n file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X > nlines)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L12345 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y == nlines)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L,$n A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,$n file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y > nlines)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,12345 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (disjoint)' '
+	check_count -L2,3 -L6,7 A 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (disjoint: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L6,7 -L2,3 A 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (adjacent)' '
+	check_count -L2,3 -L4,5 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (adjacent: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L4,5 -L2,3 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (overlapping)' '
+	check_count -L2,4 -L3,5 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (overlapping: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L3,5 -L2,4 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (superset/subset)' '
+	check_count -L2,8 -L3,5 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (superset/subset: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L3,5 -L2,8 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative)' '
+	check_count -L3,3 -L/fox/ B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -L/dog/ A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: adjacent)' '
+	check_count -L1,1 -L/dog/,+1 A 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L/dog/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: end-of-file)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L, -L/$/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute)' '
+	check_count -L3,3 -L^/dog/,+2 A 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -L^/dog/,+2 A 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L^/tambourine/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: end-of-file)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L$n -L^/$/,+2 A 1 C 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup -L :regex' '
+	tr Q "\\t" >hello.c <<-\EOF &&
+	int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+	{
+	Qputs("hello");
+	}
+	EOF
+	git add hello.c &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="F" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="F@test.git" \
+	git commit -m "hello" &&
+
+	mv hello.c hello.orig &&
+	sed -e "/}/ {x; s/$/Qputs(\"goodbye\");/; G;}" <hello.orig |
+	tr Q "\\t" >hello.c &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="G" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="G@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "goodbye" &&
+
+	mv hello.c hello.orig &&
+	echo "#include <stdio.h>" >hello.c &&
+	cat hello.orig >>hello.c &&
+	tr Q "\\t" >>hello.c <<-\EOF &&
+	void mail()
+	{
+	Qputs("mail");
+	}
+	EOF
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="H" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="H@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "mail"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :literal' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L:main F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :regex' '
+	check_count -f hello.c "-L:m[a-z][a-z]l" H 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :nomatch' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L:nomatch hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L3,3 -L:ma.. F 1 H 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3,3 -L:tambourine hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: end-of-file)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L, -L:main hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L3,3 -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L^:tambourine hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: end-of-file)' '
+	n=$(printf "%d" $(wc -l <hello.c)) &&
+	check_count -f hello.c -L$n -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1 H 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup incremental' '
+	(
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=I &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=I@test.git &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	>incremental &&
+	git add incremental &&
+	git commit -m "step 0" &&
+	printf "partial" >>incremental &&
+	git commit -a -m "step 0.5" &&
+	echo >>incremental &&
+	git commit -a -m "step 1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame empty' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^^ -f incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame half' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^ -f incremental I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 half' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^ -f incremental -L1 I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 3 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame full' '
+	check_count -f incremental I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 full' '
+	check_count -f incremental -L1 I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 3 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,- file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (non-numeric X)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -LX file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,Y (non-numeric Y)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,Y file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+N (non-numeric N)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+N file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-N (non-numeric N)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,-N file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,^/RE/' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,^/99/ file
+'
diff --git a/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b170cbc045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Test t0000..t9999.sh for non portable shell scripts
+# This script can be called with one or more filenames as parameters
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my $exit_code=0;
+
+sub err {
+	my $msg = shift;
+	print "$ARGV:$.: error: $msg: $_\n";
+	$exit_code = 1;
+}
+
+while (<>) {
+	chomp;
+	/\bsed\s+-i/ and err 'sed -i is not portable';
+	/\becho\s+-n/ and err 'echo -n is not portable (please use printf)';
+	/^\s*declare\s+/ and err 'arrays/declare not portable';
+	/^\s*[^#]\s*which\s/ and err 'which is not portable (please use type)';
+	/\btest\s+[^=]*==/ and err '"test a == b" is not portable (please use =)';
+	/\bexport\s+[A-Za-z0-9_]*=/ and err '"export FOO=bar" is not portable (please use FOO=bar && export FOO)';
+	# this resets our $. for each file
+	close ARGV if eof;
+}
+exit $exit_code;
diff --git a/t/diff-lib.sh b/t/diff-lib.sh
index 75a35fcd06..c211dc40ee 100644
--- a/t/diff-lib.sh
+++ b/t/diff-lib.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 :
 
-sanitize_diff_raw='/^:/s/ '"$_x40"' '"$_x40"' \([A-Z]\)[0-9]*	/ X X \1#	/'
+sanitize_diff_raw='/^:/s/ '"\($_x40\)"' '"\($_x40\)"' \([A-Z]\)[0-9]*	/ \1 \2 \3#	/'
 compare_diff_raw () {
     # When heuristics are improved, the score numbers would change.
     # Ignore them while comparing.
diff --git a/t/diff-lib/COPYING b/t/diff-lib/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ff87c4664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/diff-lib/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+
+ Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project
+ is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not
+ v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.
+
+ HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
+ a good idea, I also ask that people involved with the project make
+ their preferences known. In particular, if you trust me to make that
+ decision, you might note so in your copyright message, ie something
+ like
+
+	This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
+	at the discretion of Linus.
+
+  might avoid issues. But we can also just decide to synchronize and
+  contact all copyright holders on record if/when the occasion arises.
+
+			Linus Torvalds
+
+----------------------------------------
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+                       59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+rights.
+
+  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+authors' reputations.
+
+  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
+refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+along with the Program.
+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+    parties under the terms of this License.
+
+    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+
+These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+collective works based on the Program.
+
+In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+the scope of this License.
+
+  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
+    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
+    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
+    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
+    customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
+    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+    received the program in object code or executable form with such
+    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+
+The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
+code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
+associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
+control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
+special exception, the source code distributed need not include
+anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
+form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
+operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
+itself accompanies the executable.
+
+If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+
+  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
+prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
+modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+the Program or works based on it.
+
+  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
+restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+this License.
+
+  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
+distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+circumstances.
+
+It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
+generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+impose that choice.
+
+This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+
+  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+			    NO WARRANTY
+
+  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
+Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/README b/t/diff-lib/README
index 67cfeb2016..548142c327 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/t/diff-lib/README
@@ -24,20 +24,12 @@ It was originally written by Linus Torvalds with help of a group of
 hackers around the net. It is currently maintained by Junio C Hamano.
 
 Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
+See Documentation/tutorial.txt to get started, then see
+Documentation/everyday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands,
+and "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command.
+CVS users may also want to read Documentation/cvs-migration.txt.
 
-See Documentation/gittutorial.txt to get started, then see
-Documentation/everyday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands, and
-Documentation/git-commandname.txt for documentation of each command.
-If git has been correctly installed, then the tutorial can also be
-read with "man gittutorial" or "git help tutorial", and the
-documentation of each command with "man git-commandname" or "git help
-commandname".
-
-CVS users may also want to read Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
-("man gitcvs-migration" or "git help cvs-migration" if git is
-installed).
-
-Many Git online resources are accessible from http://git-scm.com/
+Many Git online resources are accessible from http://git.or.cz/
 including full documentation and Git related tools.
 
 The user discussion and development of Git take place on the Git
diff --git a/t/gitweb-lib.sh b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
index 21d11d6c2d..d5dab5a94f 100644
--- a/t/gitweb-lib.sh
+++ b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Initialization and helpers for Gitweb tests, which source this
+# shell library instead of test-lib.sh.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Jakub Narebski
 #
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ EOF
 
 	# You can set the GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
 	# the gitwebdir (the directory where gitweb is installed / deployed to)
-	# of an existing gitweb instalation to test that installation,
+	# of an existing gitweb installation to test that installation,
 	# or simply to pathname of installed gitweb script.
 	if test -n "$GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
 		if test -d $GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED; then
diff --git a/t/harness b/t/harness
deleted file mode 100755
index f5c02f49b7..0000000000
--- a/t/harness
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Getopt::Long ();
-use TAP::Harness::Archive;
-
-Getopt::Long::Parser->new(
-	config => [ qw/ pass_through / ],
-)->getoptions(
-	'jobs:1'    => \(my $jobs = $ENV{TEST_JOBS}),
-	'archive=s' => \my $archive,
-) or die "$0: Couldn't getoptions()";
-
-TAP::Harness::Archive->new({
-	jobs             => $jobs,
-	archive          => $archive,
-	($ENV{GIT_TEST_OPTS}
-	 ? (test_args    => [ split /\s+/, $ENV{GIT_TEST_OPTS} ])
-	 : ()),
-	extra_properties => {},
-})->runtests(@ARGV);
diff --git a/t/helper/.gitignore b/t/helper/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6e8b36798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/test-chmtime
+/test-ctype
+/test-config
+/test-date
+/test-delta
+/test-dump-cache-tree
+/test-dump-split-index
+/test-dump-untracked-cache
+/test-fake-ssh
+/test-scrap-cache-tree
+/test-genrandom
+/test-hashmap
+/test-index-version
+/test-line-buffer
+/test-match-trees
+/test-mergesort
+/test-mktemp
+/test-parse-options
+/test-path-utils
+/test-prio-queue
+/test-read-cache
+/test-regex
+/test-revision-walking
+/test-run-command
+/test-sha1
+/test-sha1-array
+/test-sigchain
+/test-string-list
+/test-submodule-config
+/test-subprocess
+/test-svn-fe
+/test-urlmatch-normalization
+/test-wildmatch
diff --git a/test-chmtime.c b/t/helper/test-chmtime.c
index 92713d16da..dfe8a83261 100644
--- a/test-chmtime.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-chmtime.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * This program can either change modification time of the given
- * file(s) or just print it. The program does not change atime nor
+ * file(s) or just print it. The program does not change atime or
  * ctime (their values are explicitly preserved).
  *
  * The mtime can be changed to an absolute value:
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static int timespec_arg(const char *arg, long int *set_time, int *set_eq)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	static int verbose;
 
@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
 		if (stat(argv[i], &sb) < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 
-#ifdef WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 		if (!(sb.st_mode & S_IWUSR) &&
 				chmod(argv[i], sb.st_mode | S_IWUSR)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Could not make user-writable %s: %s",
 				argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 #endif
 
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
 		if (utb.modtime != sb.st_mtime && utime(argv[i], &utb) < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to modify time on %s: %s\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 
 usage:
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
-	return -1;
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
+	return 1;
 }
diff --git a/t/helper/test-config.c b/t/helper/test-config.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..509aeef400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * This program exposes the C API of the configuration mechanism
+ * as a set of simple commands in order to facilitate testing.
+ *
+ * Reads stdin and prints result of command to stdout:
+ *
+ * get_value -> prints the value with highest priority for the entered key
+ *
+ * get_value_multi -> prints all values for the entered key in increasing order
+ *		     of priority
+ *
+ * get_int -> print integer value for the entered key or die
+ *
+ * get_bool -> print bool value for the entered key or die
+ *
+ * get_string -> print string value for the entered key or die
+ *
+ * configset_get_value -> returns value with the highest priority for the entered key
+ * 			from a config_set constructed from files entered as arguments.
+ *
+ * configset_get_value_multi -> returns value_list for the entered key sorted in
+ * 				ascending order of priority from a config_set
+ * 				constructed from files entered as arguments.
+ *
+ * iterate -> iterate over all values using git_config(), and print some
+ *            data for each
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ * To print the value with highest priority for key "foo.bAr Baz.rock":
+ * 	test-config get_value "foo.bAr Baz.rock"
+ *
+ */
+
+static const char *scope_name(enum config_scope scope)
+{
+	switch (scope) {
+	case CONFIG_SCOPE_SYSTEM:
+		return "system";
+	case CONFIG_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
+		return "global";
+	case CONFIG_SCOPE_REPO:
+		return "repo";
+	case CONFIG_SCOPE_CMDLINE:
+		return "cmdline";
+	default:
+		return "unknown";
+	}
+}
+static int iterate_cb(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	static int nr;
+
+	if (nr++)
+		putchar('\n');
+
+	printf("key=%s\n", var);
+	printf("value=%s\n", value ? value : "(null)");
+	printf("origin=%s\n", current_config_origin_type());
+	printf("name=%s\n", current_config_name());
+	printf("scope=%s\n", scope_name(current_config_scope()));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i, val;
+	const char *v;
+	const struct string_list *strptr;
+	struct config_set cs;
+	git_configset_init(&cs);
+
+	if (argc < 2) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Please, provide a command name on the command-line\n");
+		goto exit1;
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_value")) {
+		if (!git_config_get_value(argv[2], &v)) {
+			if (!v)
+				printf("(NULL)\n");
+			else
+				printf("%s\n", v);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_value_multi")) {
+		strptr = git_config_get_value_multi(argv[2]);
+		if (strptr) {
+			for (i = 0; i < strptr->nr; i++) {
+				v = strptr->items[i].string;
+				if (!v)
+					printf("(NULL)\n");
+				else
+					printf("%s\n", v);
+			}
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_int")) {
+		if (!git_config_get_int(argv[2], &val)) {
+			printf("%d\n", val);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_bool")) {
+		if (!git_config_get_bool(argv[2], &val)) {
+			printf("%d\n", val);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_string")) {
+		if (!git_config_get_string_const(argv[2], &v)) {
+			printf("%s\n", v);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "configset_get_value")) {
+		for (i = 3; i < argc; i++) {
+			int err;
+			if ((err = git_configset_add_file(&cs, argv[i]))) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Error (%d) reading configuration file %s.\n", err, argv[i]);
+				goto exit2;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!git_configset_get_value(&cs, argv[2], &v)) {
+			if (!v)
+				printf("(NULL)\n");
+			else
+				printf("%s\n", v);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "configset_get_value_multi")) {
+		for (i = 3; i < argc; i++) {
+			int err;
+			if ((err = git_configset_add_file(&cs, argv[i]))) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Error (%d) reading configuration file %s.\n", err, argv[i]);
+				goto exit2;
+			}
+		}
+		strptr = git_configset_get_value_multi(&cs, argv[2]);
+		if (strptr) {
+			for (i = 0; i < strptr->nr; i++) {
+				v = strptr->items[i].string;
+				if (!v)
+					printf("(NULL)\n");
+				else
+					printf("%s\n", v);
+			}
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "iterate")) {
+		git_config(iterate_cb, NULL);
+		goto exit0;
+	}
+
+	die("%s: Please check the syntax and the function name", argv[0]);
+
+exit0:
+	git_configset_clear(&cs);
+	return 0;
+
+exit1:
+	git_configset_clear(&cs);
+	return 1;
+
+exit2:
+	git_configset_clear(&cs);
+	return 2;
+}
diff --git a/test-ctype.c b/t/helper/test-ctype.c
index 707a821f03..707a821f03 100644
--- a/test-ctype.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-ctype.c
diff --git a/t/helper/test-date.c b/t/helper/test-date.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9ab360909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-date.c
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+static const char *usage_msg = "\n"
+"  test-date relative [time_t]...\n"
+"  test-date show:<format> [time_t]...\n"
+"  test-date parse [date]...\n"
+"  test-date approxidate [date]...\n";
+
+static void show_relative_dates(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		time_t t = atoi(*argv);
+		show_date_relative(t, 0, now, &buf);
+		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, buf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void show_dates(char **argv, const char *format)
+{
+	struct date_mode mode;
+
+	parse_date_format(format, &mode);
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		char *arg = *argv;
+		time_t t;
+		int tz;
+
+		/*
+		 * Do not use our normal timestamp parsing here, as the point
+		 * is to test the formatting code in isolation.
+		 */
+		t = strtol(arg, &arg, 10);
+		while (*arg == ' ')
+			arg++;
+		tz = atoi(arg);
+
+		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, show_date(t, tz, &mode));
+	}
+}
+
+static void parse_dates(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
+{
+	struct strbuf result = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		unsigned long t;
+		int tz;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&result);
+		parse_date(*argv, &result);
+		if (sscanf(result.buf, "%lu %d", &t, &tz) == 2)
+			printf("%s -> %s\n",
+			       *argv, show_date(t, tz, DATE_MODE(ISO8601)));
+		else
+			printf("%s -> bad\n", *argv);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&result);
+}
+
+static void parse_approxidate(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
+{
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		time_t t;
+		t = approxidate_relative(*argv, now);
+		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, show_date(t, 0, DATE_MODE(ISO8601)));
+	}
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct timeval now;
+	const char *x;
+
+	x = getenv("TEST_DATE_NOW");
+	if (x) {
+		now.tv_sec = atoi(x);
+		now.tv_usec = 0;
+	}
+	else
+		gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+
+	argv++;
+	if (!*argv)
+		usage(usage_msg);
+	if (!strcmp(*argv, "relative"))
+		show_relative_dates(argv+1, &now);
+	else if (skip_prefix(*argv, "show:", &x))
+		show_dates(argv+1, x);
+	else if (!strcmp(*argv, "parse"))
+		parse_dates(argv+1, &now);
+	else if (!strcmp(*argv, "approxidate"))
+		parse_approxidate(argv+1, &now);
+	else
+		usage(usage_msg);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-delta.c b/t/helper/test-delta.c
index af40a3c49e..4595cd6433 100644
--- a/test-delta.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-delta.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	unsigned long from_size, data_size, out_size;
 
 	if (argc != 5 || (strcmp(argv[1], "-d") && strcmp(argv[1], "-p"))) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s\n", usage_str);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s\n", usage_str);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-dump-cache-tree.c b/t/helper/test-dump-cache-tree.c
index e6c292385f..bb53c0aa65 100644
--- a/test-dump-cache-tree.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-dump-cache-tree.c
@@ -26,16 +26,16 @@ static int dump_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it,
 		return 0;
 
 	if (it->entry_count < 0) {
+		/* invalid */
 		dump_one(it, pfx, "");
 		dump_one(ref, pfx, "#(ref) ");
-		if (it->subtree_nr != ref->subtree_nr)
-			errs = 1;
 	}
 	else {
 		dump_one(it, pfx, "");
 		if (hashcmp(it->sha1, ref->sha1) ||
 		    ref->entry_count != it->entry_count ||
 		    ref->subtree_nr != it->subtree_nr) {
+			/* claims to be valid but is lying */
 			dump_one(ref, pfx, "#(ref) ");
 			errs = 1;
 		}
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static int dump_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it,
 		struct cache_tree_sub *rdwn;
 
 		rdwn = cache_tree_sub(ref, down->name);
-		sprintf(path, "%s%.*s/", pfx, down->namelen, down->name);
+		xsnprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%.*s/", pfx, down->namelen, down->name);
 		if (dump_cache_tree(down->cache_tree, rdwn->cache_tree, path))
 			errs = 1;
 	}
@@ -56,9 +56,12 @@ static int dump_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it,
 
 int main(int ac, char **av)
 {
+	struct index_state istate;
 	struct cache_tree *another = cache_tree();
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die("unable to read index file");
-	cache_tree_update(another, active_cache, active_nr, 0, 1, 0);
+	istate = the_index;
+	istate.cache_tree = another;
+	cache_tree_update(&istate, WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN);
 	return dump_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, another, "");
 }
diff --git a/t/helper/test-dump-split-index.c b/t/helper/test-dump-split-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..861d28c9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-dump-split-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
+#include "ewah/ewok.h"
+
+static void show_bit(size_t pos, void *data)
+{
+	printf(" %d", (int)pos);
+}
+
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	struct split_index *si;
+	int i;
+
+	do_read_index(&the_index, av[1], 1);
+	printf("own %s\n", sha1_to_hex(the_index.sha1));
+	si = the_index.split_index;
+	if (!si) {
+		printf("not a split index\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	printf("base %s\n", sha1_to_hex(si->base_sha1));
+	for (i = 0; i < the_index.cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = the_index.cache[i];
+		printf("%06o %s %d\t%s\n", ce->ce_mode,
+		       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1), ce_stage(ce), ce->name);
+	}
+	printf("replacements:");
+	if (si->replace_bitmap)
+		ewah_each_bit(si->replace_bitmap, show_bit, NULL);
+	printf("\ndeletions:");
+	if (si->delete_bitmap)
+		ewah_each_bit(si->delete_bitmap, show_bit, NULL);
+	printf("\n");
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-dump-untracked-cache.c b/t/helper/test-dump-untracked-cache.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a1c285246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-dump-untracked-cache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static int compare_untracked(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const char *const *a = a_;
+	const char *const *b = b_;
+	return strcmp(*a, *b);
+}
+
+static int compare_dir(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct untracked_cache_dir *const *a = a_;
+	const struct untracked_cache_dir *const *b = b_;
+	return strcmp((*a)->name, (*b)->name);
+}
+
+static void dump(struct untracked_cache_dir *ucd, struct strbuf *base)
+{
+	int i, len;
+	qsort(ucd->untracked, ucd->untracked_nr, sizeof(*ucd->untracked),
+	      compare_untracked);
+	qsort(ucd->dirs, ucd->dirs_nr, sizeof(*ucd->dirs),
+	      compare_dir);
+	len = base->len;
+	strbuf_addf(base, "%s/", ucd->name);
+	printf("%s %s", base->buf,
+	       sha1_to_hex(ucd->exclude_sha1));
+	if (ucd->recurse)
+		fputs(" recurse", stdout);
+	if (ucd->check_only)
+		fputs(" check_only", stdout);
+	if (ucd->valid)
+		fputs(" valid", stdout);
+	printf("\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < ucd->untracked_nr; i++)
+		printf("%s\n", ucd->untracked[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i < ucd->dirs_nr; i++)
+		dump(ucd->dirs[i], base);
+	strbuf_setlen(base, len);
+}
+
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	struct untracked_cache *uc;
+	struct strbuf base = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Hack to avoid modifying the untracked cache when we read it */
+	ignore_untracked_cache_config = 1;
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("unable to read index file");
+	uc = the_index.untracked;
+	if (!uc) {
+		printf("no untracked cache\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	printf("info/exclude %s\n", sha1_to_hex(uc->ss_info_exclude.sha1));
+	printf("core.excludesfile %s\n", sha1_to_hex(uc->ss_excludes_file.sha1));
+	printf("exclude_per_dir %s\n", uc->exclude_per_dir);
+	printf("flags %08x\n", uc->dir_flags);
+	if (uc->root)
+		dump(uc->root, &base);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-fake-ssh.c b/t/helper/test-fake-ssh.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..980de216e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-fake-ssh.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char *trash_directory = getenv("TRASH_DIRECTORY");
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *f;
+	int i;
+	const char *child_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
+
+	/* First, print all parameters into $TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-output */
+	if (!trash_directory)
+		die("Need a TRASH_DIRECTORY!");
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/ssh-output", trash_directory);
+	f = fopen(buf.buf, "w");
+	if (!f)
+		die("Could not write to %s", buf.buf);
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		fprintf(f, "%s%s", i > 0 ? " " : "", i > 0 ? argv[i] : "ssh:");
+	fprintf(f, "\n");
+	fclose(f);
+
+	/* Now, evaluate the *last* parameter */
+	if (argc < 2)
+		return 0;
+	child_argv[0] = argv[argc - 1];
+	return run_command_v_opt(child_argv, RUN_USING_SHELL);
+}
diff --git a/test-genrandom.c b/t/helper/test-genrandom.c
index b3c28d9a1c..54824d0754 100644
--- a/test-genrandom.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-genrandom.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	unsigned char *c;
 
 	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/t/helper/test-hashmap.c b/t/helper/test-hashmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc2891dd97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-hashmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+
+struct test_entry
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	/* key and value as two \0-terminated strings */
+	char key[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static const char *get_value(const struct test_entry *e)
+{
+	return e->key + strlen(e->key) + 1;
+}
+
+static int test_entry_cmp(const struct test_entry *e1,
+		const struct test_entry *e2, const char* key)
+{
+	return strcmp(e1->key, key ? key : e2->key);
+}
+
+static int test_entry_cmp_icase(const struct test_entry *e1,
+		const struct test_entry *e2, const char* key)
+{
+	return strcasecmp(e1->key, key ? key : e2->key);
+}
+
+static struct test_entry *alloc_test_entry(int hash, char *key, int klen,
+		char *value, int vlen)
+{
+	struct test_entry *entry = malloc(sizeof(struct test_entry) + klen
+			+ vlen + 2);
+	hashmap_entry_init(entry, hash);
+	memcpy(entry->key, key, klen + 1);
+	memcpy(entry->key + klen + 1, value, vlen + 1);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+#define HASH_METHOD_FNV 0
+#define HASH_METHOD_I 1
+#define HASH_METHOD_IDIV10 2
+#define HASH_METHOD_0 3
+#define HASH_METHOD_X2 4
+#define TEST_SPARSE 8
+#define TEST_ADD 16
+#define TEST_SIZE 100000
+
+static unsigned int hash(unsigned int method, unsigned int i, const char *key)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = 0;
+	switch (method & 3)
+	{
+	case HASH_METHOD_FNV:
+		hash = strhash(key);
+		break;
+	case HASH_METHOD_I:
+		hash = i;
+		break;
+	case HASH_METHOD_IDIV10:
+		hash = i / 10;
+		break;
+	case HASH_METHOD_0:
+		hash = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (method & HASH_METHOD_X2)
+		hash = 2 * hash;
+	return hash;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test performance of hashmap.[ch]
+ * Usage: time echo "perfhashmap method rounds" | test-hashmap
+ */
+static void perf_hashmap(unsigned int method, unsigned int rounds)
+{
+	struct hashmap map;
+	char buf[16];
+	struct test_entry **entries;
+	unsigned int *hashes;
+	unsigned int i, j;
+
+	entries = malloc(TEST_SIZE * sizeof(struct test_entry *));
+	hashes = malloc(TEST_SIZE * sizeof(int));
+	for (i = 0; i < TEST_SIZE; i++) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%i", i);
+		entries[i] = alloc_test_entry(0, buf, strlen(buf), "", 0);
+		hashes[i] = hash(method, i, entries[i]->key);
+	}
+
+	if (method & TEST_ADD) {
+		/* test adding to the map */
+		for (j = 0; j < rounds; j++) {
+			hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) test_entry_cmp, 0);
+
+			/* add entries */
+			for (i = 0; i < TEST_SIZE; i++) {
+				hashmap_entry_init(entries[i], hashes[i]);
+				hashmap_add(&map, entries[i]);
+			}
+
+			hashmap_free(&map, 0);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* test map lookups */
+		hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) test_entry_cmp, 0);
+
+		/* fill the map (sparsely if specified) */
+		j = (method & TEST_SPARSE) ? TEST_SIZE / 10 : TEST_SIZE;
+		for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {
+			hashmap_entry_init(entries[i], hashes[i]);
+			hashmap_add(&map, entries[i]);
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; j < rounds; j++) {
+			for (i = 0; i < TEST_SIZE; i++) {
+				hashmap_get_from_hash(&map, hashes[i],
+						      entries[i]->key);
+			}
+		}
+
+		hashmap_free(&map, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+#define DELIM " \t\r\n"
+
+/*
+ * Read stdin line by line and print result of commands to stdout:
+ *
+ * hash key -> strhash(key) memhash(key) strihash(key) memihash(key)
+ * put key value -> NULL / old value
+ * get key -> NULL / value
+ * remove key -> NULL / old value
+ * iterate -> key1 value1\nkey2 value2\n...
+ * size -> tablesize numentries
+ *
+ * perfhashmap method rounds -> test hashmap.[ch] performance
+ */
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	char line[1024];
+	struct hashmap map;
+	int icase;
+
+	/* init hash map */
+	icase = argc > 1 && !strcmp("ignorecase", argv[1]);
+	hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) (icase ? test_entry_cmp_icase
+			: test_entry_cmp), 0);
+
+	/* process commands from stdin */
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin)) {
+		char *cmd, *p1 = NULL, *p2 = NULL;
+		int l1 = 0, l2 = 0, hash = 0;
+		struct test_entry *entry;
+
+		/* break line into command and up to two parameters */
+		cmd = strtok(line, DELIM);
+		/* ignore empty lines */
+		if (!cmd || *cmd == '#')
+			continue;
+
+		p1 = strtok(NULL, DELIM);
+		if (p1) {
+			l1 = strlen(p1);
+			hash = icase ? strihash(p1) : strhash(p1);
+			p2 = strtok(NULL, DELIM);
+			if (p2)
+				l2 = strlen(p2);
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp("hash", cmd) && l1) {
+
+			/* print results of different hash functions */
+			printf("%u %u %u %u\n", strhash(p1), memhash(p1, l1),
+					strihash(p1), memihash(p1, l1));
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("add", cmd) && l1 && l2) {
+
+			/* create entry with key = p1, value = p2 */
+			entry = alloc_test_entry(hash, p1, l1, p2, l2);
+
+			/* add to hashmap */
+			hashmap_add(&map, entry);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("put", cmd) && l1 && l2) {
+
+			/* create entry with key = p1, value = p2 */
+			entry = alloc_test_entry(hash, p1, l1, p2, l2);
+
+			/* add / replace entry */
+			entry = hashmap_put(&map, entry);
+
+			/* print and free replaced entry, if any */
+			puts(entry ? get_value(entry) : "NULL");
+			free(entry);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("get", cmd) && l1) {
+
+			/* lookup entry in hashmap */
+			entry = hashmap_get_from_hash(&map, hash, p1);
+
+			/* print result */
+			if (!entry)
+				puts("NULL");
+			while (entry) {
+				puts(get_value(entry));
+				entry = hashmap_get_next(&map, entry);
+			}
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("remove", cmd) && l1) {
+
+			/* setup static key */
+			struct hashmap_entry key;
+			hashmap_entry_init(&key, hash);
+
+			/* remove entry from hashmap */
+			entry = hashmap_remove(&map, &key, p1);
+
+			/* print result and free entry*/
+			puts(entry ? get_value(entry) : "NULL");
+			free(entry);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("iterate", cmd)) {
+
+			struct hashmap_iter iter;
+			hashmap_iter_init(&map, &iter);
+			while ((entry = hashmap_iter_next(&iter)))
+				printf("%s %s\n", entry->key, get_value(entry));
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("size", cmd)) {
+
+			/* print table sizes */
+			printf("%u %u\n", map.tablesize, map.size);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("intern", cmd) && l1) {
+
+			/* test that strintern works */
+			const char *i1 = strintern(p1);
+			const char *i2 = strintern(p1);
+			if (strcmp(i1, p1))
+				printf("strintern(%s) returns %s\n", p1, i1);
+			else if (i1 == p1)
+				printf("strintern(%s) returns input pointer\n", p1);
+			else if (i1 != i2)
+				printf("strintern(%s) != strintern(%s)", i1, i2);
+			else
+				printf("%s\n", i1);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("perfhashmap", cmd) && l1 && l2) {
+
+			perf_hashmap(atoi(p1), atoi(p2));
+
+		} else {
+
+			printf("Unknown command %s\n", cmd);
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	hashmap_free(&map, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-index-version.c b/t/helper/test-index-version.c
index bfaad9e09e..05d4699c4a 100644
--- a/test-index-version.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-index-version.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct cache_header hdr;
 	int version;
diff --git a/test-line-buffer.c b/t/helper/test-line-buffer.c
index 7ec9b13c9b..1e58f0476f 100644
--- a/test-line-buffer.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-line-buffer.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static void handle_command(const char *command, const char *arg, struct line_buf
 {
 	switch (*command) {
 	case 'b':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "binary ")) {
+		if (starts_with(command, "binary ")) {
 			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 			strbuf_addch(&sb, '>');
 			buffer_read_binary(buf, &sb, strtouint32(arg));
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ static void handle_command(const char *command, const char *arg, struct line_buf
 			return;
 		}
 	case 'c':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "copy ")) {
+		if (starts_with(command, "copy ")) {
 			buffer_copy_bytes(buf, strtouint32(arg));
 			return;
 		}
 	case 's':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "skip ")) {
+		if (starts_with(command, "skip ")) {
 			buffer_skip_bytes(buf, strtouint32(arg));
 			return;
 		}
@@ -87,6 +87,5 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		die("input error");
 	if (ferror(stdout))
 		die("output error");
-	buffer_reset(&stdin_buf);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/t/helper/test-match-trees.c b/t/helper/test-match-trees.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d446b8eaca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-match-trees.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	struct object_id hash1, hash2, shifted;
+	struct tree *one, *two;
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+
+	if (get_oid(av[1], &hash1))
+		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[1]);
+	if (get_oid(av[2], &hash2))
+		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[2]);
+	one = parse_tree_indirect(hash1.hash);
+	if (!one)
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[1]);
+	two = parse_tree_indirect(hash2.hash);
+	if (!two)
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[2]);
+
+	shift_tree(&one->object.oid, &two->object.oid, &shifted, -1);
+	printf("shifted: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&shifted));
+
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-mergesort.c b/t/helper/test-mergesort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea3b959e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-mergesort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
+
+struct line {
+	char *text;
+	struct line *next;
+};
+
+static void *get_next(const void *a)
+{
+	return ((const struct line *)a)->next;
+}
+
+static void set_next(void *a, void *b)
+{
+	((struct line *)a)->next = b;
+}
+
+static int compare_strings(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const struct line *x = a, *y = b;
+	return strcmp(x->text, y->text);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct line *line, *p = NULL, *lines = NULL;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, stdin, '\n'))
+			break;
+		line = xmalloc(sizeof(struct line));
+		line->text = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+		if (p) {
+			line->next = p->next;
+			p->next = line;
+		} else {
+			line->next = NULL;
+			lines = line;
+		}
+		p = line;
+	}
+
+	lines = llist_mergesort(lines, get_next, set_next, compare_strings);
+
+	while (lines) {
+		printf("%s", lines->text);
+		lines = lines->next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-mktemp.c b/t/helper/test-mktemp.c
index c8c54213a3..c8c54213a3 100644
--- a/test-mktemp.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-mktemp.c
diff --git a/t/helper/test-parse-options.c b/t/helper/test-parse-options.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c63298fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-parse-options.c
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int boolean = 0;
+static int integer = 0;
+static unsigned long magnitude = 0;
+static unsigned long timestamp;
+static int abbrev = 7;
+static int verbose = -1; /* unspecified */
+static int dry_run = 0, quiet = 0;
+static char *string = NULL;
+static char *file = NULL;
+static int ambiguous;
+static struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+static struct {
+	int called;
+	const char *arg;
+	int unset;
+} length_cb;
+
+static int length_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	length_cb.called = 1;
+	length_cb.arg = arg;
+	length_cb.unset = unset;
+
+	if (unset)
+		return 1; /* do not support unset */
+
+	*(int *)opt->value = strlen(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int number_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	*(int *)opt->value = strtol(arg, NULL, 10);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int collect_expect(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct string_list *expect;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct strbuf label = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *colon;
+
+	if (!arg || unset)
+		die("malformed --expect option");
+
+	expect = (struct string_list *)opt->value;
+	colon = strchr(arg, ':');
+	if (!colon)
+		die("malformed --expect option, lacking a colon");
+	strbuf_add(&label, arg, colon - arg);
+	item = string_list_insert(expect, strbuf_detach(&label, NULL));
+	if (item->util)
+		die("malformed --expect option, duplicate %s", label.buf);
+	item->util = (void *)arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf,3,4)))
+static void show(struct string_list *expect, int *status, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	if (!expect->nr)
+		printf("%s\n", buf.buf);
+	else {
+		char *colon = strchr(buf.buf, ':');
+		if (!colon)
+			die("malformed output format, output lacking colon: %s", fmt);
+		*colon = '\0';
+		item = string_list_lookup(expect, buf.buf);
+		*colon = ':';
+		if (!item)
+			; /* not among entries being checked */
+		else {
+			if (strcmp((const char *)item->util, buf.buf)) {
+				printf("-%s\n", (char *)item->util);
+				printf("+%s\n", buf.buf);
+				*status = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char *prefix = "prefix/";
+	const char *usage[] = {
+		"test-parse-options <options>",
+		NULL
+	};
+	struct string_list expect = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "yes", &boolean, "get a boolean"),
+		OPT_BOOL('D', "no-doubt", &boolean, "begins with 'no-'"),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 'B', "no-fear", &boolean, NULL,
+		  "be brave", PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
+		OPT_COUNTUP('b', "boolean", &boolean, "increment by one"),
+		OPT_BIT('4', "or4", &boolean,
+			"bitwise-or boolean with ...0100", 4),
+		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "neg-or4", &boolean, "same as --no-or4", 4),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_INTEGER('i', "integer", &integer, "get a integer"),
+		OPT_INTEGER('j', NULL, &integer, "get a integer, too"),
+		OPT_MAGNITUDE('m', "magnitude", &magnitude, "get a magnitude"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "set23", &integer, "set integer to 23", 23),
+		OPT_DATE('t', NULL, &timestamp, "get timestamp of <time>"),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', "length", &integer, "str",
+			"get length of <str>", length_callback),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &file, "set file to <file>"),
+		OPT_GROUP("String options"),
+		OPT_STRING('s', "string", &string, "string", "get a string"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "string2", &string, "str", "get another string"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "st", &string, "st", "get another string (pervert ordering)"),
+		OPT_STRING('o', NULL, &string, "str", "get another string"),
+		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "obsolete"),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "list", &list, "str", "add str to list"),
+		OPT_GROUP("Magic arguments"),
+		OPT_ARGUMENT("quux", "means --quux"),
+		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&integer, "set integer to NUM",
+			number_callback),
+		{ OPTION_COUNTUP, '+', NULL, &boolean, NULL, "same as -b",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH },
+		{ OPTION_COUNTUP, 0, "ambiguous", &ambiguous, NULL,
+		  "positive ambiguity", PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+		{ OPTION_COUNTUP, 0, "no-ambiguous", &ambiguous, NULL,
+		  "negative ambiguity", PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+		OPT_GROUP("Standard options"),
+		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, "dry run"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "be quiet"),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "expect", &expect, "string",
+			     "expected output in the variable dump",
+			     collect_expect),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+	int i;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+
+	if (length_cb.called) {
+		const char *arg = length_cb.arg;
+		int unset = length_cb.unset;
+		show(&expect, &ret, "Callback: \"%s\", %d",
+		     (arg ? arg : "not set"), unset);
+	}
+	show(&expect, &ret, "boolean: %d", boolean);
+	show(&expect, &ret, "integer: %d", integer);
+	show(&expect, &ret, "magnitude: %lu", magnitude);
+	show(&expect, &ret, "timestamp: %lu", timestamp);
+	show(&expect, &ret, "string: %s", string ? string : "(not set)");
+	show(&expect, &ret, "abbrev: %d", abbrev);
+	show(&expect, &ret, "verbose: %d", verbose);
+	show(&expect, &ret, "quiet: %d", quiet);
+	show(&expect, &ret, "dry run: %s", dry_run ? "yes" : "no");
+	show(&expect, &ret, "file: %s", file ? file : "(not set)");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
+		show(&expect, &ret, "list: %s", list.items[i].string);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		show(&expect, &ret, "arg %02d: %s", i, argv[i]);
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-path-utils.c b/t/helper/test-path-utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba805b374c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-path-utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that normalizes an entry from
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES.  If the path is unusable for some reason,
+ * die with an explanation.
+ */
+static int normalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
+{
+	char *ceil = item->string;
+
+	if (!*ceil)
+		die("Empty path is not supported");
+	if (!is_absolute_path(ceil))
+		die("Path \"%s\" is not absolute", ceil);
+	if (normalize_path_copy(ceil, ceil) < 0)
+		die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", ceil);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void normalize_argv_string(const char **var, const char *input)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(input, "<null>"))
+		*var = NULL;
+	else if (!strcmp(input, "<empty>"))
+		*var = "";
+	else
+		*var = input;
+
+	if (*var && (**var == '<' || **var == '('))
+		die("Bad value: %s\n", input);
+}
+
+struct test_data {
+	const char *from;  /* input:  transform from this ... */
+	const char *to;    /* output: ... to this.            */
+	const char *alternative; /* output: ... or this.      */
+};
+
+static int test_function(struct test_data *data, char *(*func)(char *input),
+	const char *funcname)
+{
+	int failed = 0, i;
+	char buffer[1024];
+	char *to;
+
+	for (i = 0; data[i].to; i++) {
+		if (!data[i].from)
+			to = func(NULL);
+		else {
+			xsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s", data[i].from);
+			to = func(buffer);
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(to, data[i].to))
+			continue;
+		if (!data[i].alternative)
+			error("FAIL: %s(%s) => '%s' != '%s'\n",
+				funcname, data[i].from, to, data[i].to);
+		else if (!strcmp(to, data[i].alternative))
+			continue;
+		else
+			error("FAIL: %s(%s) => '%s' != '%s', '%s'\n",
+				funcname, data[i].from, to, data[i].to,
+				data[i].alternative);
+		failed = 1;
+	}
+	return failed;
+}
+
+static struct test_data basename_data[] = {
+	/* --- POSIX type paths --- */
+	{ NULL,              "."    },
+	{ "",                "."    },
+	{ ".",               "."    },
+	{ "..",              ".."   },
+	{ "/",               "/"    },
+	{ "//",              "/", "//" },
+	{ "///",             "/", "//" },
+	{ "////",            "/", "//" },
+	{ "usr",             "usr"  },
+	{ "/usr",            "usr"  },
+	{ "/usr/",           "usr"  },
+	{ "/usr//",          "usr"  },
+	{ "/usr/lib",        "lib"  },
+	{ "usr/lib",         "lib"  },
+	{ "usr/lib///",      "lib"  },
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+	/* --- win32 type paths --- */
+	{ "\\usr",           "usr"  },
+	{ "\\usr\\",         "usr"  },
+	{ "\\usr\\\\",       "usr"  },
+	{ "\\usr\\lib",      "lib"  },
+	{ "usr\\lib",        "lib"  },
+	{ "usr\\lib\\\\\\",  "lib"  },
+	{ "C:/usr",          "usr"  },
+	{ "C:/usr",          "usr"  },
+	{ "C:/usr/",         "usr"  },
+	{ "C:/usr//",        "usr"  },
+	{ "C:/usr/lib",      "lib"  },
+	{ "C:usr/lib",       "lib"  },
+	{ "C:usr/lib///",    "lib"  },
+	{ "C:",              "."    },
+	{ "C:a",             "a"    },
+	{ "C:/",             "/"    },
+	{ "C:///",           "/"    },
+	{ "\\",              "\\", "/" },
+	{ "\\\\",            "\\", "/" },
+	{ "\\\\\\",          "\\", "/" },
+#endif
+	{ NULL,              NULL   }
+};
+
+static struct test_data dirname_data[] = {
+	/* --- POSIX type paths --- */
+	{ NULL,              "."      },
+	{ "",                "."      },
+	{ ".",               "."      },
+	{ "..",              "."      },
+	{ "/",               "/"      },
+	{ "//",              "/", "//" },
+	{ "///",             "/", "//" },
+	{ "////",            "/", "//" },
+	{ "usr",             "."      },
+	{ "/usr",            "/"      },
+	{ "/usr/",           "/"      },
+	{ "/usr//",          "/"      },
+	{ "/usr/lib",        "/usr"   },
+	{ "usr/lib",         "usr"    },
+	{ "usr/lib///",      "usr"    },
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+	/* --- win32 type paths --- */
+	{ "\\",              "\\"     },
+	{ "\\\\",            "\\\\"   },
+	{ "\\usr",           "\\"     },
+	{ "\\usr\\",         "\\"     },
+	{ "\\usr\\\\",       "\\"     },
+	{ "\\usr\\lib",      "\\usr"  },
+	{ "usr\\lib",        "usr"    },
+	{ "usr\\lib\\\\\\",  "usr"    },
+	{ "C:a",             "C:."    },
+	{ "C:/",             "C:/"    },
+	{ "C:///",           "C:/"    },
+	{ "C:/usr",          "C:/"    },
+	{ "C:/usr/",         "C:/"    },
+	{ "C:/usr//",        "C:/"    },
+	{ "C:/usr/lib",      "C:/usr" },
+	{ "C:usr/lib",       "C:usr"  },
+	{ "C:usr/lib///",    "C:usr"  },
+	{ "\\\\\\",          "\\"     },
+	{ "\\\\\\\\",        "\\"     },
+	{ "C:",              "C:.", "." },
+#endif
+	{ NULL,              NULL     }
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "normalize_path_copy")) {
+		char *buf = xmallocz(strlen(argv[2]));
+		int rv = normalize_path_copy(buf, argv[2]);
+		if (rv)
+			buf = "++failed++";
+		puts(buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc >= 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "real_path")) {
+		while (argc > 2) {
+			puts(real_path(argv[2]));
+			argc--;
+			argv++;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc >= 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "absolute_path")) {
+		while (argc > 2) {
+			puts(absolute_path(argv[2]));
+			argc--;
+			argv++;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_ancestor_length")) {
+		int len;
+		struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		char *path = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+
+		/*
+		 * We have to normalize the arguments because under
+		 * Windows, bash mangles arguments that look like
+		 * absolute POSIX paths or colon-separate lists of
+		 * absolute POSIX paths into DOS paths (e.g.,
+		 * "/foo:/foo/bar" might be converted to
+		 * "D:\Src\msysgit\foo;D:\Src\msysgit\foo\bar"),
+		 * whereas longest_ancestor_length() requires paths
+		 * that use forward slashes.
+		 */
+		if (normalize_path_copy(path, path))
+			die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", argv[2]);
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, argv[3], PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   normalize_ceiling_entry, NULL);
+		len = longest_ancestor_length(path, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+		free(path);
+		printf("%d\n", len);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc >= 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "prefix_path")) {
+		char *prefix = argv[2];
+		int prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
+		int nongit_ok;
+		setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit_ok);
+		while (argc > 3) {
+			puts(prefix_path(prefix, prefix_len, argv[3]));
+			argc--;
+			argv++;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "strip_path_suffix")) {
+		char *prefix = strip_path_suffix(argv[2], argv[3]);
+		printf("%s\n", prefix ? prefix : "(null)");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "print_path")) {
+		puts(argv[2]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "relative_path")) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *in, *prefix, *rel;
+		normalize_argv_string(&in, argv[2]);
+		normalize_argv_string(&prefix, argv[3]);
+		rel = relative_path(in, prefix, &sb);
+		if (!rel)
+			puts("(null)");
+		else
+			puts(strlen(rel) > 0 ? rel : "(empty)");
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "basename"))
+		return test_function(basename_data, basename, argv[1]);
+
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "dirname"))
+		return test_function(dirname_data, dirname, argv[1]);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
+		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-prio-queue.c b/t/helper/test-prio-queue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7be72f0086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-prio-queue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+static int intcmp(const void *va, const void *vb, void *data)
+{
+	const int *a = va, *b = vb;
+	return *a - *b;
+}
+
+static void show(int *v)
+{
+	if (!v)
+		printf("NULL\n");
+	else
+		printf("%d\n", *v);
+	free(v);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct prio_queue pq = { intcmp };
+
+	while (*++argv) {
+		if (!strcmp(*argv, "get"))
+			show(prio_queue_get(&pq));
+		else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dump")) {
+			int *v;
+			while ((v = prio_queue_get(&pq)))
+			       show(v);
+		}
+		else {
+			int *v = malloc(sizeof(*v));
+			*v = atoi(*argv);
+			prio_queue_put(&pq, v);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-read-cache.c b/t/helper/test-read-cache.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b25bcf139b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-read-cache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i, cnt = 1;
+	if (argc == 2)
+		cnt = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		read_cache();
+		discard_cache();
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-regex.c b/t/helper/test-regex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0dc598ecdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-regex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char *pat = "[^={} \t]+";
+	char *str = "={}\nfred";
+	regex_t r;
+	regmatch_t m[1];
+
+	if (regcomp(&r, pat, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE))
+		die("failed regcomp() for pattern '%s'", pat);
+	if (regexec(&r, str, 1, m, 0))
+		die("no match of pattern '%s' to string '%s'", pat, str);
+
+	/* http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3957  */
+	if (m[0].rm_so == 3) /* matches '\n' when it should not */
+		die("regex bug confirmed: re-build git with NO_REGEX=1");
+
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-revision-walking.c b/t/helper/test-revision-walking.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d0313354b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-revision-walking.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * test-revision-walking.c: test revision walking API.
+ *
+ * (C) 2012 Heiko Voigt <hvoigt@hvoigt.net>
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+
+static void print_commit(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	ctx.date_mode.type = DATE_NORMAL;
+	format_commit_message(commit, " %m %s", &sb, &ctx);
+	printf("%s\n", sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static int run_revision_walk(void)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	const char *argv[] = {NULL, "--all", NULL};
+	int argc = ARRAY_SIZE(argv) - 1;
+	int got_revision = 0;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
+		print_commit(commit);
+		got_revision = 1;
+	}
+
+	reset_revision_walk();
+	return got_revision;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc < 2)
+		return 1;
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "run-twice")) {
+		printf("1st\n");
+		if (!run_revision_walk())
+			return 1;
+		printf("2nd\n");
+		if (!run_revision_walk())
+			return 1;
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "check usage\n");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-run-command.c b/t/helper/test-run-command.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30a64a98dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-run-command.c
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * test-run-command.c: test run command API.
+ *
+ * (C) 2009 Ilari Liusvaara <ilari.liusvaara@elisanet.fi>
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+static int number_callbacks;
+static int parallel_next(struct child_process *cp,
+			 struct strbuf *err,
+			 void *cb,
+			 void **task_cb)
+{
+	struct child_process *d = cb;
+	if (number_callbacks >= 4)
+		return 0;
+
+	argv_array_pushv(&cp->args, d->argv);
+	strbuf_addf(err, "preloaded output of a child\n");
+	number_callbacks++;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int no_job(struct child_process *cp,
+		  struct strbuf *err,
+		  void *cb,
+		  void **task_cb)
+{
+	strbuf_addf(err, "no further jobs available\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int task_finished(int result,
+			 struct strbuf *err,
+			 void *pp_cb,
+			 void *pp_task_cb)
+{
+	strbuf_addf(err, "asking for a quick stop\n");
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int jobs;
+
+	if (argc < 3)
+		return 1;
+	proc.argv = (const char **)argv + 2;
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "start-command-ENOENT")) {
+		if (start_command(&proc) < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		fprintf(stderr, "FAIL %s\n", argv[1]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "run-command"))
+		exit(run_command(&proc));
+
+	jobs = atoi(argv[2]);
+	proc.argv = (const char **)argv + 3;
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "run-command-parallel"))
+		exit(run_processes_parallel(jobs, parallel_next,
+					    NULL, NULL, &proc));
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "run-command-abort"))
+		exit(run_processes_parallel(jobs, parallel_next,
+					    NULL, task_finished, &proc));
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "run-command-no-jobs"))
+		exit(run_processes_parallel(jobs, no_job,
+					    NULL, task_finished, &proc));
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "check usage\n");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-scrap-cache-tree.c b/t/helper/test-scrap-cache-tree.c
index 4728013910..6efee31a48 100644
--- a/test-scrap-cache-tree.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-scrap-cache-tree.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 
@@ -6,12 +7,11 @@ static struct lock_file index_lock;
 
 int main(int ac, char **av)
 {
-	int fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die("unable to read index file");
 	active_cache_tree = NULL;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr)
-	    || commit_lock_file(&index_lock))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die("unable to write index file");
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/t/helper/test-sha1-array.c b/t/helper/test-sha1-array.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60ea1d5f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-sha1-array.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+
+static void print_sha1(const unsigned char sha1[20], void *data)
+{
+	puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct sha1_array array = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin) != EOF) {
+		const char *arg;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		if (skip_prefix(line.buf, "append ", &arg)) {
+			if (get_sha1_hex(arg, sha1))
+				die("not a hexadecimal SHA1: %s", arg);
+			sha1_array_append(&array, sha1);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(line.buf, "lookup ", &arg)) {
+			if (get_sha1_hex(arg, sha1))
+				die("not a hexadecimal SHA1: %s", arg);
+			printf("%d\n", sha1_array_lookup(&array, sha1));
+		} else if (!strcmp(line.buf, "clear"))
+			sha1_array_clear(&array);
+		else if (!strcmp(line.buf, "for_each_unique"))
+			sha1_array_for_each_unique(&array, print_sha1, NULL);
+		else
+			die("unknown command: %s", line.buf);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-sha1.c b/t/helper/test-sha1.c
index 80daba980e..e57eae10bf 100644
--- a/test-sha1.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-sha1.c
@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	unsigned bufsz = 8192;
+	int binary = 0;
 	char *buffer;
 
-	if (ac == 2)
-		bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+	if (ac == 2) {
+		if (!strcmp(av[1], "-b"))
+			binary = 1;
+		else
+			bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+	}
 
 	if (!bufsz)
 		bufsz = 8192;
@@ -42,6 +47,10 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, this_sz);
 	}
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
-	puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	if (binary)
+		fwrite(sha1, 1, 20, stdout);
+	else
+		puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	exit(0);
 }
diff --git a/test-sha1.sh b/t/helper/test-sha1.sh
index 0f0bc5d02f..750b95a0a1 100755
--- a/test-sha1.sh
+++ b/t/helper/test-sha1.sh
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=100 2>/dev/null |
-/usr/bin/time ./test-sha1 >/dev/null
+/usr/bin/time t/helper/test-sha1 >/dev/null
 
 while read expect cnt pfx
 do
 	case "$expect" in '#'*) continue ;; esac
-	actual=`
+	actual=$(
 		{
 			test -z "$pfx" || echo "$pfx"
 			dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=$cnt 2>/dev/null |
 			perl -pe 'y/\000/g/'
-		} | ./test-sha1 $cnt
-	`
+		} | ./t/helper/test-sha1 $cnt
+	)
 	if test "$expect" = "$actual"
 	then
 		echo "OK: $expect $cnt $pfx"
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ exit
 
 while read cnt pfx
 do
-	actual=`
+	actual=$(
 		{
 			test -z "$pfx" || echo "$pfx"
 			dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=$cnt 2>/dev/null |
 			perl -pe 'y/\000/g/'
 		} | sha1sum |
 		sed -e 's/ .*//'
-	`
+	)
 	echo "$actual $cnt $pfx"
 done <<EOF
 0
diff --git a/test-sigchain.c b/t/helper/test-sigchain.c
index 42db234e87..e499fce60f 100644
--- a/test-sigchain.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-sigchain.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "sigchain.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #define X(f) \
 static void f(int sig) { \
diff --git a/t/helper/test-string-list.c b/t/helper/test-string-list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14bdf9d215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-string-list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * Parse an argument into a string list.  arg should either be a
+ * ':'-separated list of strings, or "-" to indicate an empty string
+ * list (as opposed to "", which indicates a string list containing a
+ * single empty string).  list->strdup_strings must be set.
+ */
+static void parse_string_list(struct string_list *list, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
+		return;
+
+	(void)string_list_split(list, arg, ':', -1);
+}
+
+static void write_list(const struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		printf("[%d]: \"%s\"\n", i, list->items[i].string);
+}
+
+static void write_list_compact(const struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (!list->nr)
+		printf("-\n");
+	else {
+		printf("%s", list->items[0].string);
+		for (i = 1; i < list->nr; i++)
+			printf(":%s", list->items[i].string);
+		printf("\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static int prefix_cb(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	const char *prefix = (const char *)cb_data;
+	return starts_with(item->string, prefix);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc == 5 && !strcmp(argv[1], "split")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		int i;
+		const char *s = argv[2];
+		int delim = *argv[3];
+		int maxsplit = atoi(argv[4]);
+
+		i = string_list_split(&list, s, delim, maxsplit);
+		printf("%d\n", i);
+		write_list(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 5 && !strcmp(argv[1], "split_in_place")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+		int i;
+		char *s = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+		int delim = *argv[3];
+		int maxsplit = atoi(argv[4]);
+
+		i = string_list_split_in_place(&list, s, delim, maxsplit);
+		printf("%d\n", i);
+		write_list(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		free(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "filter")) {
+		/*
+		 * Retain only the items that have the specified prefix.
+		 * Arguments: list|- prefix
+		 */
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		const char *prefix = argv[3];
+
+		parse_string_list(&list, argv[2]);
+		filter_string_list(&list, 0, prefix_cb, (void *)prefix);
+		write_list_compact(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "remove_duplicates")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+		parse_string_list(&list, argv[2]);
+		string_list_remove_duplicates(&list, 0);
+		write_list_compact(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
+		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-submodule-config.c b/t/helper/test-submodule-config.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dab8c27768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-submodule-config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+
+static void die_usage(int argc, char **argv, const char *msg)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [<commit> <submodulepath>] ...\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static int git_test_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char **arg = argv;
+	int my_argc = argc;
+	int output_url = 0;
+	int lookup_name = 0;
+
+	arg++;
+	my_argc--;
+	while (starts_with(arg[0], "--")) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg[0], "--url"))
+			output_url = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(arg[0], "--name"))
+			lookup_name = 1;
+		arg++;
+		my_argc--;
+	}
+
+	if (my_argc % 2 != 0)
+		die_usage(argc, argv, "Wrong number of arguments.");
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+	gitmodules_config();
+	git_config(git_test_config, NULL);
+
+	while (*arg) {
+		unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+		const struct submodule *submodule;
+		const char *commit;
+		const char *path_or_name;
+
+		commit = arg[0];
+		path_or_name = arg[1];
+
+		if (commit[0] == '\0')
+			hashcpy(commit_sha1, null_sha1);
+		else if (get_sha1(commit, commit_sha1) < 0)
+			die_usage(argc, argv, "Commit not found.");
+
+		if (lookup_name) {
+			submodule = submodule_from_name(commit_sha1, path_or_name);
+		} else
+			submodule = submodule_from_path(commit_sha1, path_or_name);
+		if (!submodule)
+			die_usage(argc, argv, "Submodule not found.");
+
+		if (output_url)
+			printf("Submodule url: '%s' for path '%s'\n",
+					submodule->url, submodule->path);
+		else
+			printf("Submodule name: '%s' for path '%s'\n",
+					submodule->name, submodule->path);
+
+		arg += 2;
+	}
+
+	submodule_free();
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-subprocess.c b/t/helper/test-subprocess.c
index 8926bc52a9..56881a0324 100644
--- a/test-subprocess.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-subprocess.c
@@ -3,18 +3,17 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct child_process cp;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int nogit = 0;
 
 	setup_git_directory_gently(&nogit);
 	if (nogit)
 		die("No git repo found");
-	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--setup-work-tree")) {
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--setup-work-tree")) {
 		setup_work_tree();
 		argv++;
 	}
-	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	cp.argv = (const char **)argv+1;
+	cp.argv = (const char **)argv + 1;
 	return run_command(&cp);
 }
diff --git a/t/helper/test-svn-fe.c b/t/helper/test-svn-fe.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..120ec96b0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-svn-fe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * test-svn-fe: Code to exercise the svn import lib
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "vcs-svn/svndump.h"
+#include "vcs-svn/svndiff.h"
+#include "vcs-svn/sliding_window.h"
+#include "vcs-svn/line_buffer.h"
+
+static const char test_svnfe_usage[] =
+	"test-svn-fe (<dumpfile> | [-d] <preimage> <delta> <len>)";
+
+static int apply_delta(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	struct line_buffer preimage = LINE_BUFFER_INIT;
+	struct line_buffer delta = LINE_BUFFER_INIT;
+	struct sliding_view preimage_view = SLIDING_VIEW_INIT(&preimage, -1);
+
+	if (argc != 5)
+		usage(test_svnfe_usage);
+
+	if (buffer_init(&preimage, argv[2]))
+		die_errno("cannot open preimage");
+	if (buffer_init(&delta, argv[3]))
+		die_errno("cannot open delta");
+	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoumax(argv[4], NULL, 0),
+					&preimage_view, stdout))
+		return 1;
+	if (buffer_deinit(&preimage))
+		die_errno("cannot close preimage");
+	if (buffer_deinit(&delta))
+		die_errno("cannot close delta");
+	strbuf_release(&preimage_view.buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		if (svndump_init(argv[1]))
+			return 1;
+		svndump_read(NULL, "refs/heads/master", "refs/notes/svn/revs");
+		svndump_deinit();
+		svndump_reset();
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc >= 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-d"))
+		return apply_delta(argc, argv);
+	usage(test_svnfe_usage);
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-urlmatch-normalization.c b/t/helper/test-urlmatch-normalization.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..090bf219a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-urlmatch-normalization.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char usage[] = "test-urlmatch-normalization [-p | -l] <url1> | <url1> <url2>";
+	char *url1, *url2;
+	int opt_p = 0, opt_l = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * For one url, succeed if url_normalize succeeds on it, fail otherwise.
+	 * For two urls, succeed only if url_normalize succeeds on both and
+	 * the results compare equal with strcmp.  If -p is given (one url only)
+	 * and url_normalize succeeds, print the result followed by "\n".  If
+	 * -l is given (one url only) and url_normalize succeeds, print the
+	 * returned length in decimal followed by "\n".
+	 */
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-p")) {
+		opt_p = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	} else if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-l")) {
+		opt_l = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	}
+
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
+		die("%s", usage);
+
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		struct url_info info;
+		url1 = url_normalize(argv[1], &info);
+		if (!url1)
+			return 1;
+		if (opt_p)
+			printf("%s\n", url1);
+		if (opt_l)
+			printf("%u\n", (unsigned)info.url_len);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (opt_p || opt_l)
+		die("%s", usage);
+
+	url1 = url_normalize(argv[1], NULL);
+	url2 = url_normalize(argv[2], NULL);
+	return (url1 && url2 && !strcmp(url1, url2)) ? 0 : 1;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-wildmatch.c b/t/helper/test-wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..578b164fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (argv[i][0] == '/')
+			die("Forward slash is not allowed at the beginning of the\n"
+			    "pattern because Windows does not like it. Use `XXX/' instead.");
+		else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "XXX/", 4))
+			argv[i] += 3;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "wildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "iwildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME | WM_CASEFOLD, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "pathmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], 0, NULL);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-bash.sh b/t/lib-bash.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2be955fafb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-bash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Shell library sourced instead of ./test-lib.sh by tests that need
+# to run under Bash; primarily intended for tests of the completion
+# script.
+
+if test -n "$BASH" && test -z "$POSIXLY_CORRECT"; then
+	# we are in full-on bash mode
+	true
+elif type bash >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	# execute in full-on bash mode
+	unset POSIXLY_CORRECT
+	exec bash "$0" "$@"
+else
+	echo '1..0 #SKIP skipping bash completion tests; bash not available'
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
diff --git a/t/lib-credential.sh b/t/lib-credential.sh
index 4a37cd79e5..d8e41f7ddd 100755
--- a/t/lib-credential.sh
+++ b/t/lib-credential.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,20 @@
 # stdout and stderr should be provided on stdin,
 # separated by "--".
 check() {
+	credential_opts=
+	credential_cmd=$1
+	shift
+	for arg in "$@"; do
+		credential_opts="$credential_opts -c credential.helper='$arg'"
+	done
 	read_chunk >stdin &&
 	read_chunk >expect-stdout &&
 	read_chunk >expect-stderr &&
-	test-credential "$@" <stdin >stdout 2>stderr &&
+	if ! eval "git $credential_opts credential $credential_cmd <stdin >stdout 2>stderr"; then
+		echo "git credential failed with code $?" &&
+		cat stderr &&
+		false
+	fi &&
 	test_cmp expect-stdout stdout &&
 	test_cmp expect-stderr stderr
 }
@@ -41,7 +51,7 @@ reject() {
 		echo protocol=$2
 		echo host=$3
 		echo username=$4
-	) | test-credential reject $1
+	) | git -c credential.helper=$1 credential reject
 }
 
 helper_test() {
@@ -52,6 +62,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -74,6 +86,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=store-user
 		password=store-pass
 		--
@@ -85,6 +99,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=http
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=http
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -98,6 +114,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=other.tld
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=other.tld
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -112,6 +130,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=other
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=other
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -133,6 +153,9 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=path.tld
 		path=bar.git
 		--
+		protocol=http
+		host=path.tld
+		path=bar.git
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -150,6 +173,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -176,6 +201,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		password=pass1
 		EOF
@@ -184,6 +211,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		password=pass2
 		EOF
@@ -200,6 +229,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -213,6 +244,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		password=pass2
 		EOF
@@ -234,6 +267,8 @@ helper_test_timeout() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=timeout.tld
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=timeout.tld
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -243,12 +278,10 @@ helper_test_timeout() {
 	'
 }
 
-cat >askpass <<\EOF
-#!/bin/sh
+write_script askpass <<\EOF
 echo >&2 askpass: $*
-what=`echo $1 | cut -d" " -f1 | tr A-Z a-z | tr -cd a-z`
+what=$(echo $1 | cut -d" " -f1 | tr A-Z a-z | tr -cd a-z)
 echo "askpass-$what"
 EOF
-chmod +x askpass
 GIT_ASKPASS="$PWD/askpass"
 export GIT_ASKPASS
diff --git a/t/lib-cvs.sh b/t/lib-cvs.sh
index 44263ade25..9b2bcfb1b0 100644
--- a/t/lib-cvs.sh
+++ b/t/lib-cvs.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Shell library sourced instead of ./test-lib.sh by cvsimport tests.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fi
 CVS="cvs -f"
 export CVS
 
-cvsps_version=`cvsps -h 2>&1 | sed -ne 's/cvsps version //p'`
+cvsps_version=$(cvsps -h 2>&1 | sed -ne 's/cvsps version //p')
 case "$cvsps_version" in
 2.1 | 2.2*)
 	;;
diff --git a/t/lib-diff-alternative.sh b/t/lib-diff-alternative.sh
index 75ffd9174f..8b4dbf22d2 100644
--- a/t/lib-diff-alternative.sh
+++ b/t/lib-diff-alternative.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Helpers shared by the test scripts for diff algorithms (patience,
+# histogram, etc).
 
 test_diff_frobnitz() {
 	cat >file1 <<\EOF
diff --git a/t/lib-gettext.sh b/t/lib-gettext.sh
index 0f76f6cdc0..eec757f104 100644
--- a/t/lib-gettext.sh
+++ b/t/lib-gettext.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Initialization and Icelandic locale for basic git i18n tests,
+# which source this scriptlet instead of ./test-lib.sh.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason
 #
@@ -14,12 +15,14 @@ export GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR GIT_PO_PATH
 if test_have_prereq GETTEXT && ! test_have_prereq GETTEXT_POISON
 then
 	# is_IS.UTF-8 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.utf8 on Debian
-	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
+	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
 	# is_IS.ISO8859-1 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.iso88591 on Debian
-	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
+	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
diff --git a/t/lib-git-daemon.sh b/t/lib-git-daemon.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..340534c064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-git-daemon.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# Shell library to run git-daemon in tests.  Ends the test early if
+# GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON is not set.
+#
+# Usage:
+#
+#	. ./test-lib.sh
+#	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-git-daemon.sh
+#	start_git_daemon
+#
+#	test_expect_success '...' '
+#		...
+#	'
+#
+#	test_expect_success ...
+#
+#	stop_git_daemon
+#	test_done
+
+test_tristate GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON
+if test "$GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON" = false
+then
+	skip_all="git-daemon testing disabled (unset GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON to enable)"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if test_have_prereq !PIPE
+then
+	test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON "file system does not support FIFOs"
+fi
+
+LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT=${LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT-${this_test#t}}
+
+GIT_DAEMON_PID=
+GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH="$PWD"/repo
+GIT_DAEMON_URL=git://127.0.0.1:$LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT
+
+start_git_daemon() {
+	if test -n "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
+	then
+		error "start_git_daemon already called"
+	fi
+
+	mkdir -p "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
+
+	trap 'code=$?; stop_git_daemon; (exit $code); die' EXIT
+
+	say >&3 "Starting git daemon ..."
+	mkfifo git_daemon_output
+	git daemon --listen=127.0.0.1 --port="$LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT" \
+		--reuseaddr --verbose \
+		--base-path="$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH" \
+		"$@" "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH" \
+		>&3 2>git_daemon_output &
+	GIT_DAEMON_PID=$!
+	{
+		read line <&7
+		echo >&4 "$line"
+		cat <&7 >&4 &
+	} 7<git_daemon_output &&
+
+	# Check expected output
+	if test x"$(expr "$line" : "\[[0-9]*\] \(.*\)")" != x"Ready to rumble"
+	then
+		kill "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
+		wait "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
+		trap 'die' EXIT
+		test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON \
+			"git daemon failed to start"
+	fi
+}
+
+stop_git_daemon() {
+	if test -z "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
+	then
+		return
+	fi
+
+	trap 'die' EXIT
+
+	# kill git-daemon child of git
+	say >&3 "Stopping git daemon ..."
+	kill "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
+	wait "$GIT_DAEMON_PID" >&3 2>&4
+	ret=$?
+	# expect exit with status 143 = 128+15 for signal TERM=15
+	if test $ret -ne 143
+	then
+		error "git daemon exited with status: $ret"
+	fi
+	GIT_DAEMON_PID=
+	rm -f git_daemon_output
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-git-p4.sh b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
index a870f9a5d2..54fd5a6ca0 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-p4.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
@@ -1,19 +1,57 @@
 #
-# Library code for git-p4 tests
+# Library code for git p4 tests
 #
 
+# p4 tests never use the top-level repo; always build/clone into
+# a subdirectory called "$git"
+TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=NoThanks
+
+# Some operations require multiple attempts to be successful. Define
+# here the maximal retry timeout in seconds.
+RETRY_TIMEOUT=60
+
+# Sometimes p4d seems to hang. Terminate the p4d process automatically after
+# the defined timeout in seconds.
+P4D_TIMEOUT=300
+
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
-	skip_all='skipping git-p4 tests; python not available'
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git p4 tests; python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 ( p4 -h && p4d -h ) >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
-	skip_all='skipping git-p4 tests; no p4 or p4d'
+	skip_all='skipping git p4 tests; no p4 or p4d'
 	test_done
 }
 
-GITP4="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/fast-import/git-p4"
+# On cygwin, the NT version of Perforce can be used.  When giving
+# it paths, either on the command-line or in client specifications,
+# be sure to use the native windows form.
+#
+# Older versions of perforce were available compiled natively for
+# cygwin.  Those do not accept native windows paths, so make sure
+# not to convert for them.
+native_path () {
+	path="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && ! p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		path=$(cygpath --windows "$path")
+	else
+		path=$(test-path-utils real_path "$path")
+	fi &&
+	echo "$path"
+}
+
+# On Solaris the 'date +%s' function is not supported and therefore we
+# need this replacement.
+# Attention: This function is not safe again against time offset updates
+# at runtime (e.g. via NTP). The 'clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)'
+# function could fix that but it is not in Python until 3.3.
+time_in_seconds () {
+	(cd / && "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import time; print(int(time.time()))')
+}
 
 # Try to pick a unique port: guess a large number, then hope
 # no more than one of each test is running.
@@ -24,51 +62,185 @@ testid=${this_test#t}
 git_p4_test_start=9800
 P4DPORT=$((10669 + ($testid - $git_p4_test_start)))
 
-export P4PORT=localhost:$P4DPORT
-export P4CLIENT=client
+P4PORT=localhost:$P4DPORT
+P4CLIENT=client
+P4USER=author
+P4EDITOR=true
+unset P4CHARSET
+export P4PORT P4CLIENT P4USER P4EDITOR P4CHARSET
 
 db="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/db"
 cli="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli"
 git="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/git"
 pidfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4d.pid"
 
-start_p4d() {
+# Sometimes "prove" seems to hang on exit because p4d is still running
+cleanup () {
+	if test -f "$pidfile"
+	then
+		kill -9 $(cat "$pidfile") 2>/dev/null && exit 255
+	fi
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+# git p4 submit generates a temp file, which will
+# not get cleaned up if the submission fails.  Don't
+# clutter up /tmp on the test machine.
+TMPDIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+export TMPDIR
+
+start_p4d () {
 	mkdir -p "$db" "$cli" "$git" &&
+	rm -f "$pidfile" &&
 	(
-		p4d -q -r "$db" -p $P4DPORT &
-		echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		cd "$db" &&
+		{
+			p4d -q -p $P4DPORT "$@" &
+			echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		}
 	) &&
-	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 ; do
-		p4 info >/dev/null 2>&1 && break || true &&
-		echo waiting for p4d to start &&
+
+	# This gives p4d a long time to start up, as it can be
+	# quite slow depending on the machine.  Set this environment
+	# variable to something smaller to fail faster in, say,
+	# an automated test setup.  If the p4d process dies, that
+	# will be caught with the "kill -0" check below.
+	i=${P4D_START_PATIENCE:-300}
+	pid=$(cat "$pidfile")
+
+	timeout=$(($(time_in_seconds) + $P4D_TIMEOUT))
+	while true
+	do
+		if test $(time_in_seconds) -gt $timeout
+		then
+			kill -9 $pid
+			exit 1
+		fi
 		sleep 1
-	done &&
-	# complain if it never started
-	p4 info >/dev/null &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
-		Root: $cli
-		View: //depot/... //client/...
-		EOF
-	)
+	done &
+	watchdog_pid=$!
+
+	ready=
+	while test $i -gt 0
+	do
+		# succeed when p4 client commands start to work
+		if p4 info >/dev/null 2>&1
+		then
+			ready=true
+			break
+		fi
+		# fail if p4d died
+		kill -0 $pid 2>/dev/null || break
+		echo waiting for p4d to start
+		sleep 1
+		i=$(( $i - 1 ))
+	done
+
+	if test -z "$ready"
+	then
+		# p4d failed to start
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	# build a p4 user so author@example.com has an entry
+	p4_add_user author
+
+	# build a client
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+
+	return 0
 }
 
-kill_p4d() {
-	pid=$(cat "$pidfile")
-	# it had better exist for the first kill
-	kill $pid &&
-	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 ; do
-		kill $pid >/dev/null 2>&1 || break
+p4_add_user () {
+	name=$1 &&
+	p4 user -f -i <<-EOF
+	User: $name
+	Email: $name@example.com
+	FullName: Dr. $name
+	EOF
+}
+
+p4_add_job () {
+	p4 job -f -i <<-EOF
+	Job: $1
+	Status: open
+	User: dummy
+	Description:
+	EOF
+}
+
+retry_until_success () {
+	timeout=$(($(time_in_seconds) + $RETRY_TIMEOUT))
+	until "$@" 2>/dev/null || test $(time_in_seconds) -gt $timeout
+	do
 		sleep 1
-	done &&
+	done
+}
+
+retry_until_fail () {
+	timeout=$(($(time_in_seconds) + $RETRY_TIMEOUT))
+	until ! "$@" 2>/dev/null || test $(time_in_seconds) -gt $timeout
+	do
+		sleep 1
+	done
+}
+
+kill_p4d () {
+	pid=$(cat "$pidfile")
+	retry_until_fail kill $pid
+	retry_until_fail kill -9 $pid
 	# complain if it would not die
 	test_must_fail kill $pid >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-	rm -rf "$db" "$cli" "$pidfile"
+	rm -rf "$db" "$cli" "$pidfile" &&
+	retry_until_fail kill -9 $watchdog_pid
+}
+
+cleanup_git () {
+	retry_until_success rm -r "$git"
+	test_must_fail test -d "$git" &&
+	retry_until_success mkdir "$git"
+}
+
+marshal_dump () {
+	what=$1 &&
+	line=${2:-1} &&
+	cat >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/marshal-dump.py" <<-EOF &&
+	import marshal
+	import sys
+	instream = getattr(sys.stdin, 'buffer', sys.stdin)
+	for i in range($line):
+	    d = marshal.load(instream)
+	print(d[b'$what'].decode('utf-8'))
+	EOF
+	"$PYTHON_PATH" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/marshal-dump.py"
+}
+
+#
+# Construct a client with this list of View lines
+#
+client_view () {
+	(
+		cat <<-EOF &&
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
+		Root: $cli
+		AltRoots: $(native_path "$cli")
+		LineEnd: unix
+		View:
+		EOF
+		printf "\t%s\n" "$@"
+	) | p4 client -i
 }
 
-cleanup_git() {
-	rm -rf "$git"
+is_cli_file_writeable () {
+	# cygwin version of p4 does not set read-only attr,
+	# will be marked 444 but -w is true
+	file="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		stat=$(stat --format=%a "$file") &&
+		test $stat = 644
+	else
+		test -w "$file"
+	fi
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-git-svn.sh b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
index 199f22c231..fb8823224e 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-svn.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-remotes_git_svn=remotes/git""-svn
-git_svn_id=git""-svn-id
-
 if test -n "$NO_SVN_TESTS"
 then
 	skip_all='skipping git svn tests, NO_SVN_TESTS defined'
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ export svnrepo
 svnconf=$PWD/svnconf
 export svnconf
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -w -e "
+perl -w -e "
 use SVN::Core;
 use SVN::Repos;
 \$SVN::Core::VERSION gt '1.1.0' or exit(42);
@@ -146,9 +143,9 @@ stop_httpd () {
 }
 
 convert_to_rev_db () {
-	"$PERL_PATH" -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
+	perl -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
 use strict;
-@ARGV == 2 or die "Usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
+@ARGV == 2 or die "usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
 open my $wr, '+>', $ARGV[1] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[1]";
 open my $rd, '<', $ARGV[0] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[0]";
 my $size = (stat($rd))[7];
@@ -186,3 +183,15 @@ start_svnserve () {
              --listen-host 127.0.0.1 &
 }
 
+prepare_a_utf8_locale () {
+	a_utf8_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
+	p
+	q
+}')
+	if test -n "$a_utf8_locale"
+	then
+		test_set_prereq UTF8
+	else
+		say "# UTF-8 locale not available, some tests are skipped"
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg.sh b/t/lib-gpg.sh
index 05824fa8e4..ec2aa8f687 100755
--- a/t/lib-gpg.sh
+++ b/t/lib-gpg.sh
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-gpg_version=`gpg --version 2>&1`
-if test $? = 127; then
-	say "You do not seem to have gpg installed"
-else
+gpg_version=$(gpg --version 2>&1)
+if test $? != 127
+then
 	# As said here: http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/faqs.html#q6.19
 	# the gpg version 1.0.6 didn't parse trust packets correctly, so for
 	# that version, creation of signed tags using the generated key fails.
@@ -12,19 +11,43 @@ else
 		say "Your version of gpg (1.0.6) is too buggy for testing"
 		;;
 	*)
-		# key generation info: gpg --homedir t/lib-gpg --gen-key
-		# Type DSA and Elgamal, size 2048 bits, no expiration date.
-		# Name and email: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		# Available key info:
+		# * Type DSA and Elgamal, size 2048 bits, no expiration date,
+		#   name and email: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		# * Type RSA, size 2048 bits, no expiration date,
+		#   name and email: Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>
 		# No password given, to enable non-interactive operation.
-		cp -R "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg ./gpghome
-		chmod 0700 gpghome
-		GNUPGHOME="$(pwd)/gpghome"
-		export GNUPGHOME
+		# To generate new key:
+		#	gpg --homedir /tmp/gpghome --gen-key
+		# To write armored exported key to keyring:
+		#	gpg --homedir /tmp/gpghome --export-secret-keys \
+		#		--armor 0xDEADBEEF >> lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
+		#	gpg --homedir /tmp/gpghome --export \
+		#		--armor 0xDEADBEEF >> lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
+		# To export ownertrust:
+		#	gpg --homedir /tmp/gpghome --export-ownertrust \
+		#		> lib-gpg/ownertrust
+		mkdir ./gpghome &&
+		chmod 0700 ./gpghome &&
+		GNUPGHOME="$(pwd)/gpghome" &&
+		export GNUPGHOME &&
+		gpg --homedir "${GNUPGHOME}" 2>/dev/null --import \
+			"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg &&
+		gpg --homedir "${GNUPGHOME}" 2>/dev/null --import-ownertrust \
+			"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg/ownertrust &&
+		gpg --homedir "${GNUPGHOME}" </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+			--sign -u committer@example.com &&
 		test_set_prereq GPG
 		;;
 	esac
 fi
 
+if test_have_prereq GPG &&
+    echo | gpg --homedir "${GNUPGHOME}" -b --rfc1991 >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	test_set_prereq RFC1991
+fi
+
 sanitize_pgp() {
 	perl -ne '
 		/^-----END PGP/ and $in_pgp = 0;
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4754a1f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1
+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+=aEiU
+-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1
+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+=hieJ
+-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1
+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+=iYv/
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/ownertrust b/t/lib-gpg/ownertrust
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3e3c4f1cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/ownertrust
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# List of assigned trustvalues, created Thu 11 Dec 2014 01:26:28 PM CET
+# (Use "gpg --import-ownertrust" to restore them)
+73D758744BE721698EC54E8713B6F51ECDDE430D:6:
+D4BE22311AD3131E5EDA29A461092E85B7227189:3:
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
deleted file mode 100644
index 83855fa4e1..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed b/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fed1339ed..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
deleted file mode 100644
index d831cd9eb3..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
deleted file mode 100644
index abace962b8..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd.sh b/t/lib-httpd.sh
index f7dc0781d5..ac2cbee250 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd.sh
+++ b/t/lib-httpd.sh
@@ -1,14 +1,59 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Shell library to run an HTTP server for use in tests.
+# Ends the test early if httpd tests should not be run,
+# for example because the user has not enabled them.
+#
+# Usage:
+#
+#	. ./test-lib.sh
+#	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+#	start_httpd
+#
+#	test_expect_success '...' '
+#		...
+#	'
+#
+#	test_expect_success ...
+#
+#	stop_httpd
+#	test_done
+#
+# Can be configured using the following variables.
+#
+#    GIT_TEST_HTTPD              enable HTTPD tests
+#    LIB_HTTPD_PATH              web server path
+#    LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH       web server modules path
+#    LIB_HTTPD_PORT              listening port
+#    LIB_HTTPD_DAV               enable DAV
+#    LIB_HTTPD_SVN               enable SVN
+#    LIB_HTTPD_SSL               enable SSL
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2008 Clemens Buchacher <drizzd@aon.at>
 #
 
-if test -z "$GIT_TEST_HTTPD"
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"
+then
+	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if test -n "$NO_EXPAT" && test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_DAV"
+then
+	skip_all='skipping test, git built without expat support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_tristate GIT_TEST_HTTPD
+if test "$GIT_TEST_HTTPD" = false
 then
-	skip_all="Network testing disabled (define GIT_TEST_HTTPD to enable)"
+	skip_all="Network testing disabled (unset GIT_TEST_HTTPD to enable)"
 	test_done
 fi
 
+if ! test_have_prereq NOT_ROOT; then
+	test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD \
+		"Cannot run httpd tests as root"
+fi
+
 HTTPD_PARA=""
 
 for DEFAULT_HTTPD_PATH in '/usr/sbin/httpd' '/usr/sbin/apache2'
@@ -37,20 +82,24 @@ case $(uname) in
 esac
 
 LIB_HTTPD_PATH=${LIB_HTTPD_PATH-"$DEFAULT_HTTPD_PATH"}
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'8111'}
+LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-${this_test#t}}
 
 TEST_PATH="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd
 HTTPD_ROOT_PATH="$PWD"/httpd
 HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH=$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/www
 
+# hack to suppress apache PassEnv warnings
+GIT_VALGRIND=$GIT_VALGRIND; export GIT_VALGRIND
+GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS=$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS; export GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS
+GIT_TRACE=$GIT_TRACE; export GIT_TRACE
+
 if ! test -x "$LIB_HTTPD_PATH"
 then
-	skip_all="skipping test, no web server found at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
-	test_done
+	test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD "no web server found at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
 fi
 
-HTTPD_VERSION=`$LIB_HTTPD_PATH -v | \
-	sed -n 's/^Server version: Apache\/\([0-9]*\)\..*$/\1/p; q'`
+HTTPD_VERSION=$($LIB_HTTPD_PATH -v | \
+	sed -n 's/^Server version: Apache\/\([0-9]*\)\..*$/\1/p; q')
 
 if test -n "$HTTPD_VERSION"
 then
@@ -58,24 +107,31 @@ then
 	then
 		if ! test $HTTPD_VERSION -ge 2
 		then
-			skip_all="skipping test, at least Apache version 2 is required"
-			test_done
+			test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD \
+				"at least Apache version 2 is required"
 		fi
 		if ! test -d "$DEFAULT_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
 		then
-			skip_all="Apache module directory not found.  Skipping tests."
-			test_done
+			test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD \
+				"Apache module directory not found"
 		fi
 
 		LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH="$DEFAULT_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
 	fi
 else
-	error "Could not identify web server at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
+	test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD \
+		"Could not identify web server at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
 fi
 
+install_script () {
+	write_script "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/$1" <"$TEST_PATH/$1"
+}
+
 prepare_httpd() {
 	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
 	cp "$TEST_PATH"/passwd "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"
+	install_script broken-smart-http.sh
+	install_script error.sh
 
 	ln -s "$LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/modules"
 
@@ -97,9 +153,9 @@ prepare_httpd() {
 	HTTPD_DEST=127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT
 	HTTPD_URL=$HTTPD_PROTO://$HTTPD_DEST
 	HTTPD_URL_USER=$HTTPD_PROTO://user%40host@$HTTPD_DEST
-	HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS=$HTTPD_PROTO://user%40host:user%40host@$HTTPD_DEST
+	HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS=$HTTPD_PROTO://user%40host:pass%40host@$HTTPD_DEST
 
-	if test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_DAV" -o -n "$LIB_HTTPD_SVN"
+	if test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_DAV" || test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_SVN"
 	then
 		HTTPD_PARA="$HTTPD_PARA -DDAV"
 
@@ -123,9 +179,9 @@ start_httpd() {
 		>&3 2>&4
 	if test $? -ne 0
 	then
-		skip_all="skipping test, web server setup failed"
 		trap 'die' EXIT
-		test_done
+		cat "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/error.log >&4 2>/dev/null
+		test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD "web server setup failed"
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -136,10 +192,11 @@ stop_httpd() {
 		-f "$TEST_PATH/apache.conf" $HTTPD_PARA -k stop
 }
 
-test_http_push_nonff() {
+test_http_push_nonff () {
 	REMOTE_REPO=$1
 	LOCAL_REPO=$2
 	BRANCH=$3
+	EXPECT_CAS_RESULT=${4-failure}
 
 	test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push fails' '
 		cd "$REMOTE_REPO" &&
@@ -160,6 +217,71 @@ test_http_push_nonff() {
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push shows help message' '
-		test_i18ngrep "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected" output
+		test_i18ngrep "Updates were rejected because" output
+	'
+
+	test_expect_${EXPECT_CAS_RESULT} 'force with lease aka cas' '
+		HEAD=$(	cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD ) &&
+		test_when_finished '\''
+			(cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git update-ref HEAD "$HEAD")
+		'\'' &&
+		(
+			cd "$LOCAL_REPO" &&
+			git push -v --force-with-lease=$BRANCH:$HEAD origin
+		) &&
+		git rev-parse --verify "$BRANCH" >expect &&
+		(
+			cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD
+		) >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	'
 }
+
+setup_askpass_helper() {
+	test_expect_success 'setup askpass helper' '
+		write_script "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass" <<-\EOF &&
+		echo >>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query" "askpass: $*" &&
+		case "$*" in
+		*Username*)
+			what=user
+			;;
+		*Password*)
+			what=pass
+			;;
+		esac &&
+		cat "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-$what"
+		EOF
+		GIT_ASKPASS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass" &&
+		export GIT_ASKPASS &&
+		export TRASH_DIRECTORY
+	'
+}
+
+set_askpass() {
+	>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query" &&
+	echo "$1" >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-user" &&
+	echo "$2" >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-pass"
+}
+
+expect_askpass() {
+	dest=$HTTPD_DEST${3+/$3}
+
+	{
+		case "$1" in
+		none)
+			;;
+		pass)
+			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
+			;;
+		both)
+			echo "askpass: Username for 'http://$dest': "
+			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
+			;;
+		*)
+			false
+			;;
+		esac
+	} >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-expect" &&
+	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-expect" \
+		 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query"
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
index 3c12b05d60..018a83a5a1 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ServerName dummy
-LockFile accept.lock
 PidFile httpd.pid
 DocumentRoot www
 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
@@ -23,6 +22,13 @@ ErrorLog error.log
 <IfModule !mod_version.c>
 	LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_headers.c>
+	LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
+</IfModule>
+
+<IfVersion < 2.4>
+LockFile accept.lock
+</IfVersion>
 
 <IfVersion < 2.1>
 <IfModule !mod_auth.c>
@@ -40,23 +46,78 @@ ErrorLog error.log
 <IfModule !mod_authz_user.c>
 	LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_host.c>
+	LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
+</IfModule>
+</IfVersion>
+
+<IfVersion >= 2.4>
+<IfModule !mod_authn_core.c>
+	LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
+	LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_access_compat.c>
+	LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_mpm_prefork.c>
+	LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_unixd.c>
+	LoadModule unixd_module modules/mod_unixd.so
+</IfModule>
 </IfVersion>
 
+PassEnv GIT_VALGRIND
+PassEnv GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS
+PassEnv GNUPGHOME
+PassEnv ASAN_OPTIONS
+PassEnv GIT_TRACE
+PassEnv GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM
+
 Alias /dumb/ www/
-Alias /auth/ www/auth/
+Alias /auth/dumb/ www/auth/dumb/
 
-<Location /smart/>
+<LocationMatch /smart/>
 	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
 	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
-</Location>
-<Location /smart_noexport/>
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_noexport/>
 	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
-</Location>
-ScriptAlias /smart/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
-ScriptAlias /smart_noexport/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_custom_env/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_NAME "Custom User"
+	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL custom@example.com
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_namespace/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	SetEnv GIT_NAMESPACE ns
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_cookies/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	Header set Set-Cookie name=value
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_headers/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+</LocationMatch>
+ScriptAliasMatch /smart_*[^/]*/(.*) ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/$1
+ScriptAlias /broken_smart/ broken-smart-http.sh/
+ScriptAlias /error/ error.sh/
 <Directory ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}>
-	Options None
+	Options FollowSymlinks
 </Directory>
+<Files broken-smart-http.sh>
+	Options ExecCGI
+</Files>
+<Files error.sh>
+  Options ExecCGI
+</Files>
 <Files ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend>
 	Options ExecCGI
 </Files>
@@ -64,6 +125,24 @@ ScriptAlias /smart_noexport/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
 RewriteEngine on
 RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-perm/(.*)$ /smart/$1 [R=301]
 RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-temp/(.*)$ /smart/$1 [R=302]
+RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-auth/(.*)$ /auth/smart/$1 [R=301]
+RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-limited/(.*)/info/refs$ /smart/$1/info/refs [R=301]
+RewriteRule ^/ftp-redir/(.*)$ ftp://localhost:1000/$1 [R=302]
+
+RewriteRule ^/loop-redir/x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-(.*) /$1 [R=302]
+RewriteRule ^/loop-redir/(.*)$ /loop-redir/x-$1 [R=302]
+
+# Apache 2.2 does not understand <RequireAll>, so we use RewriteCond.
+# And as RewriteCond does not allow testing for non-matches, we match
+# the desired case first (one has abra, two has cadabra), and let it
+# pass by marking the RewriteRule as [L], "last rule, do not process
+# any other matching RewriteRules after this"), and then have another
+# RewriteRule that matches all other cases and lets them fail via '[F]',
+# "fail the request".
+RewriteCond %{HTTP:x-magic-one} =abra
+RewriteCond %{HTTP:x-magic-two} =cadabra
+RewriteRule ^/smart_headers/.* - [L]
+RewriteRule ^/smart_headers/.* - [F]
 
 <IfDefine SSL>
 LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
@@ -84,6 +163,35 @@ SSLEngine On
 	Require valid-user
 </Location>
 
+<LocationMatch "^/auth-push/.*/git-receive-pack$">
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "git-auth"
+	AuthUserFile passwd
+	Require valid-user
+</LocationMatch>
+
+<LocationMatch "^/auth-fetch/.*/git-upload-pack$">
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "git-auth"
+	AuthUserFile passwd
+	Require valid-user
+</LocationMatch>
+
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/half-auth-complete/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<Location /half-auth-complete/>
+  Order Deny,Allow
+  Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+  AuthType Basic
+  AuthName "Git Access"
+  AuthUserFile passwd
+  Require valid-user
+  Satisfy Any
+</Location>
+
 <IfDefine DAV>
 	LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
 	LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82cc610b0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+printf "Content-Type: text/%s\n" "html"
+echo
+printf "%s\n" "001e# service=git-upload-pack"
+printf "%s"   "0000"
+printf "%s%c%s%s\n" \
+	"00a58681d9f286a48b08f37b3a095330da16689e3693 HEAD" \
+	0 \
+	" include-tag multi_ack_detailed multi_ack ofs-delta" \
+	" side-band side-band-64k thin-pack no-progress shallow no-done "
+printf "%s"   "0000"
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/error.sh b/t/lib-httpd/error.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a77b8e5469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/error.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+printf "Status: 500 Intentional Breakage\n"
+
+printf "Content-Type: "
+charset=iso-8859-1
+case "$PATH_INFO" in
+*html*)
+	printf "text/html"
+	;;
+*text*)
+	printf "text/plain"
+	;;
+*charset*)
+	printf "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
+	charset=utf-8
+	;;
+*utf16*)
+	printf "text/plain; charset=utf-16"
+	charset=utf-16
+	;;
+*odd-spacing*)
+	printf "text/plain; foo=bar ;charset=utf-16; other=nonsense"
+	charset=utf-16
+	;;
+esac
+printf "\n"
+
+printf "\n"
+printf "this is the error message\n" |
+iconv -f us-ascii -t $charset
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/passwd b/t/lib-httpd/passwd
index f2fbcad33e..99a34d6487 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd/passwd
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/passwd
@@ -1 +1 @@
-user@host:nKpa8pZUHx/ic
+user@host:xb4E8pqD81KQs
diff --git a/t/lib-pack.sh b/t/lib-pack.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7509846571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-pack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Support routines for hand-crafting weird or malicious packs.
+#
+# You can make a complete pack like:
+#
+#   pack_header 2 >foo.pack &&
+#   pack_obj e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 >>foo.pack &&
+#   pack_obj e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18 >>foo.pack &&
+#   pack_trailer foo.pack
+
+# Print the big-endian 4-byte octal representation of $1
+uint32_octal () {
+	n=$1
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n / 16777216)); n=$((n % 16777216))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n /    65536)); n=$((n %    65536))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n /      256)); n=$((n %      256))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n           ));
+}
+
+# Print the big-endian 4-byte binary representation of $1
+uint32_binary () {
+	printf "$(uint32_octal "$1")"
+}
+
+# Print a pack header, version 2, for a pack with $1 objects
+pack_header () {
+	printf 'PACK' &&
+	printf '\0\0\0\2' &&
+	uint32_binary "$1"
+}
+
+# Print the pack data for object $1, as a delta against object $2 (or as a full
+# object if $2 is missing or empty). The output is suitable for including
+# directly in the packfile, and represents the entirety of the object entry.
+# Doing this on the fly (especially picking your deltas) is quite tricky, so we
+# have hardcoded some well-known objects. See the case statements below for the
+# complete list.
+pack_obj () {
+	case "$1" in
+	# empty blob
+	e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\060\170\234\003\0\0\0\0\1'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+
+	# blob containing "\7\76"
+	e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\267\3\0\0\116\0\106'
+			return
+			;;
+		01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc)
+			printf '\165\1\327\161\66\146\364\336\202\47\166' &&
+			printf '\307\142\54\20\361\260\175\342\200\334\170' &&
+			printf '\234\143\142\142\142\267\003\0\0\151\0\114'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+
+	# blob containing "\7\0"
+	01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\147\0\0\0\20\0\10'
+			return
+			;;
+		e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18)
+			printf '\165\346\217\350\22\233\124\153\20\32\356' &&
+			printf '\225\20\305\62\216\177\41\312\35\30\170\234' &&
+			printf '\143\142\142\142\147\0\0\0\53\0\16'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	echo >&2 "BUG: don't know how to print $1${2:+ (from $2)}"
+	return 1
+}
+
+# Compute and append pack trailer to "$1"
+pack_trailer () {
+	test-sha1 -b <"$1" >trailer.tmp &&
+	cat trailer.tmp >>"$1" &&
+	rm -f trailer.tmp
+}
+
+# Remove any existing packs to make sure that
+# whatever we index next will be the pack that we
+# actually use.
+clear_packs () {
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/*
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-pager.sh b/t/lib-pager.sh
index ba03eab14f..3aa7a3ffd8 100644
--- a/t/lib-pager.sh
+++ b/t/lib-pager.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Helpers for tests of git's choice of pager.
 
 test_expect_success 'determine default pager' '
 	test_might_fail git config --unset core.pager &&
diff --git a/t/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh b/t/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
deleted file mode 100644
index bce5a4c8bd..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason
-#
-
-if test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = false
-then
-	say 'filemode disabled on the filesystem'
-else
-	test_set_prereq FILEMODE
-fi
diff --git a/t/lib-proto-disable.sh b/t/lib-proto-disable.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0917d93e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-proto-disable.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Test routines for checking protocol disabling.
+
+# test cloning a particular protocol
+#   $1 - description of the protocol
+#   $2 - machine-readable name of the protocol
+#   $3 - the URL to try cloning
+test_proto () {
+	desc=$1
+	proto=$2
+	url=$3
+
+	test_expect_success "clone $1 (enabled)" '
+		rm -rf tmp.git &&
+		(
+			GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=$proto &&
+			export GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL &&
+			git clone --bare "$url" tmp.git
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "fetch $1 (enabled)" '
+		(
+			cd tmp.git &&
+			GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=$proto &&
+			export GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL &&
+			git fetch
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "push $1 (enabled)" '
+		(
+			cd tmp.git &&
+			GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=$proto &&
+			export GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL &&
+			git push origin HEAD:pushed
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "push $1 (disabled)" '
+		(
+			cd tmp.git &&
+			GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=none &&
+			export GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL &&
+			test_must_fail git push origin HEAD:pushed
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "fetch $1 (disabled)" '
+		(
+			cd tmp.git &&
+			GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=none &&
+			export GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL &&
+			test_must_fail git fetch
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "clone $1 (disabled)" '
+		rm -rf tmp.git &&
+		(
+			GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=none &&
+			export GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL &&
+			test_must_fail git clone --bare "$url" tmp.git
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+# set up an ssh wrapper that will access $host/$repo in the
+# trash directory, and enable it for subsequent tests.
+setup_ssh_wrapper () {
+	test_expect_success 'setup ssh wrapper' '
+		write_script ssh-wrapper <<-\EOF &&
+		echo >&2 "ssh: $*"
+		host=$1; shift
+		cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/$host" &&
+		eval "$*"
+		EOF
+		GIT_SSH="$PWD/ssh-wrapper" &&
+		export GIT_SSH &&
+		export TRASH_DIRECTORY
+	'
+}
+
+# set up a wrapper that can be used with remote-ext to
+# access repositories in the "remote" directory of trash-dir,
+# like "ext::fake-remote %S repo.git"
+setup_ext_wrapper () {
+	test_expect_success 'setup ext wrapper' '
+		write_script fake-remote <<-\EOF &&
+		echo >&2 "fake-remote: $*"
+		cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/remote" &&
+		eval "$*"
+		EOF
+		PATH=$TRASH_DIRECTORY:$PATH &&
+		export TRASH_DIRECTORY
+	'
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-read-tree.sh b/t/lib-read-tree.sh
index abc2c6f57f..b95f485606 100644
--- a/t/lib-read-tree.sh
+++ b/t/lib-read-tree.sh
@@ -1,43 +1,41 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
 # Helper functions to check if read-tree would succeed/fail as expected with
 # and without the dry-run option. They also test that the dry-run does not
 # write the index and that together with -u it doesn't touch the work tree.
 #
 read_tree_must_succeed () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_must_fail () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_u_must_succeed () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
-    git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
-    git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
+	git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
+	git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_u_must_fail () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-rebase.sh b/t/lib-rebase.sh
index 6ccf797091..9a96e1566d 100644
--- a/t/lib-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/lib-rebase.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Helper functions used by interactive rebase tests.
 
 # After setting the fake editor with this function, you can
 #
@@ -14,54 +14,106 @@
 #       specified line.
 #
 #   "<cmd> <lineno>" -- add a line with the specified command
-#       ("squash", "fixup", "edit", or "reword") and the SHA1 taken
+#       ("squash", "fixup", "edit", "reword" or "drop") and the SHA1 taken
 #       from the specified line.
 #
+#   "exec_cmd_with_args" -- add an "exec cmd with args" line.
+#
 #   "#" -- Add a comment line.
 #
 #   ">" -- Add a blank line.
 
 set_fake_editor () {
-	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake-editor.sh
-	cat >> fake-editor.sh <<\EOF
-case "$1" in
-*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
-	test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
-		test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+	write_script fake-editor.sh <<-\EOF
+	case "$1" in
+	*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
+		test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
+			test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+			exit
+		test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
+		test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
 		exit
-	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
-	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
-	exit
-	;;
-esac
-test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
-	test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
-	exit
-test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
-grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
-rm -f "$1"
-echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
-cat "$1".tmp
-action=pick
-for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
-	case $line in
-	squash|fixup|edit|reword)
-		action="$line";;
-	exec*)
-		echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
-	"#")
-		echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
-	">")
-		echo >> "$1";;
-	*)
-		sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
-		action=pick;;
+		;;
 	esac
-done
-echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
-cat "$1"
-EOF
+	test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
+		test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
+		exit
+	test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
+	grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
+	rm -f "$1"
+	echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
+	cat "$1".tmp
+	action=pick
+	for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
+		case $line in
+		squash|fixup|edit|reword|drop)
+			action="$line";;
+		exec*)
+			echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
+		"#")
+			echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
+		">")
+			echo >> "$1";;
+		bad)
+			action="badcmd";;
+		fakesha)
+			echo "$action XXXXXXX False commit" >> "$1"
+			action=pick;;
+		*)
+			sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
+			action=pick;;
+		esac
+	done
+	echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
+	cat "$1"
+	EOF
+
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
+}
+
+# After set_cat_todo_editor, rebase -i will write the todo list (ignoring
+# blank lines and comments) to stdout, and exit failure (so you should run
+# it with test_must_fail).  This can be used to verify the expected user
+# experience, for todo list changes that do not affect the outcome of
+# rebase; or as an extra check in addition to checking the outcome.
 
+set_cat_todo_editor () {
+	write_script fake-editor.sh <<-\EOF
+	grep "^[^#]" "$1"
+	exit 1
+	EOF
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
-	chmod a+x fake-editor.sh
+}
+
+# checks that the revisions in "$2" represent a linear range with the
+# subjects in "$1"
+test_linear_range () {
+	revlist_merges=$(git rev-list --merges "$2") &&
+	test -z "$revlist_merges" &&
+	expected=$1
+	set -- $(git log --reverse --format=%s "$2")
+	test "$expected" = "$*"
+}
+
+reset_rebase () {
+	test_might_fail git rebase --abort &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f
+}
+
+cherry_pick () {
+	git cherry-pick -n "$2" &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+revert () {
+	git revert -n "$2" &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+make_empty () {
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-submodule-update.sh b/t/lib-submodule-update.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..79cdd34a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-submodule-update.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+# Create a submodule layout used for all tests below.
+#
+# The following use cases are covered:
+# - New submodule (no_submodule => add_sub1)
+# - Removed submodule (add_sub1 => remove_sub1)
+# - Updated submodule (add_sub1 => modify_sub1)
+# - Submodule updated to invalid commit (add_sub1 => invalid_sub1)
+# - Submodule updated from invalid commit (invalid_sub1 => valid_sub1)
+# - Submodule replaced by tracked files in directory (add_sub1 =>
+#   replace_sub1_with_directory)
+# - Directory containing tracked files replaced by submodule
+#   (replace_sub1_with_directory => replace_directory_with_sub1)
+# - Submodule replaced by tracked file with the same name (add_sub1 =>
+#   replace_sub1_with_file)
+# - Tracked file replaced by submodule (replace_sub1_with_file =>
+#   replace_file_with_sub1)
+#
+#                   --O-----O
+#                  /  ^     replace_directory_with_sub1
+#                 /   replace_sub1_with_directory
+#                /----O
+#               /     ^
+#              /      modify_sub1
+#      O------O-------O
+#      ^      ^\      ^
+#      |      | \     remove_sub1
+#      |      |  -----O-----O
+#      |      |   \   ^     replace_file_with_sub1
+#      |      |    \  replace_sub1_with_file
+#      |   add_sub1 --O-----O
+# no_submodule        ^     valid_sub1
+#                     invalid_sub1
+#
+create_lib_submodule_repo () {
+	git init submodule_update_repo &&
+	(
+		cd submodule_update_repo &&
+		echo "expect" >>.gitignore &&
+		echo "actual" >>.gitignore &&
+		echo "x" >file1 &&
+		echo "y" >file2 &&
+		git add .gitignore file1 file2 &&
+		git commit -m "Base" &&
+		git branch "no_submodule" &&
+
+		git checkout -b "add_sub1" &&
+		git submodule add ./. sub1 &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub1.ignore all &&
+		git config submodule.sub1.ignore all &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "Add sub1" &&
+		git checkout -b remove_sub1 &&
+		git revert HEAD &&
+
+		git checkout -b "modify_sub1" "add_sub1" &&
+		git submodule update &&
+		(
+			cd sub1 &&
+			git fetch &&
+			git checkout -b "modifications" &&
+			echo "z" >file2 &&
+			echo "x" >file3 &&
+			git add file2 file3 &&
+			git commit -m "modified file2 and added file3" &&
+			git push origin modifications
+		) &&
+		git add sub1 &&
+		git commit -m "Modify sub1" &&
+
+		git checkout -b "replace_sub1_with_directory" "add_sub1" &&
+		git submodule update &&
+		(
+			cd sub1 &&
+			git checkout modifications
+		) &&
+		git rm --cached sub1 &&
+		rm sub1/.git* &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section "submodule.sub1" &&
+		git add .gitmodules sub1/* &&
+		git commit -m "Replace sub1 with directory" &&
+		git checkout -b replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+		git revert HEAD &&
+
+		git checkout -b "replace_sub1_with_file" "add_sub1" &&
+		git rm sub1 &&
+		echo "content" >sub1 &&
+		git add sub1 &&
+		git commit -m "Replace sub1 with file" &&
+		git checkout -b replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+		git revert HEAD &&
+
+		git checkout -b "invalid_sub1" "add_sub1" &&
+		git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789 sub1 &&
+		git commit -m "Invalid sub1 commit" &&
+		git checkout -b valid_sub1 &&
+		git revert HEAD &&
+		git checkout master
+	)
+}
+
+# Helper function to replace gitfile with .git directory
+replace_gitfile_with_git_dir () {
+	(
+		cd "$1" &&
+		git_dir="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)" &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -R "$git_dir" .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	)
+}
+
+# Test that the .git directory in the submodule is unchanged (except for the
+# core.worktree setting, which appears only in $GIT_DIR/modules/$1/config).
+# Call this function before test_submodule_content as the latter might
+# write the index file leading to false positive index differences.
+#
+# Note that this only supports submodules at the root level of the
+# superproject, with the default name, i.e. same as its path.
+test_git_directory_is_unchanged () {
+	(
+		cd ".git/modules/$1" &&
+		# does core.worktree point at the right place?
+		test "$(git config core.worktree)" = "../../../$1" &&
+		# remove it temporarily before comparing, as
+		# "$1/.git/config" lacks it...
+		git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	diff -r ".git/modules/$1" "$1/.git" &&
+	(
+		# ... and then restore.
+		cd ".git/modules/$1" &&
+		git config core.worktree "../../../$1"
+	)
+}
+
+# Helper function to be executed at the start of every test below, it sets up
+# the submodule repo if it doesn't exist and configures the most problematic
+# settings for diff.ignoreSubmodules.
+prolog () {
+	(test -d submodule_update_repo || create_lib_submodule_repo) &&
+	test_config_global diff.ignoreSubmodules all &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules all
+}
+
+# Helper function to bring work tree back into the state given by the
+# commit. This includes trying to populate sub1 accordingly if it exists and
+# should be updated to an existing commit.
+reset_work_tree_to () {
+	rm -rf submodule_update &&
+	git clone submodule_update_repo submodule_update &&
+	(
+		cd submodule_update &&
+		rm -rf sub1 &&
+		git checkout -f "$1" &&
+		git status -u -s >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		sha1=$(git rev-parse --revs-only HEAD:sub1) &&
+		if test -n "$sha1" &&
+		   test $(cd "sub1" && git rev-parse --verify "$sha1^{commit}")
+		then
+			git submodule update --init --recursive "sub1"
+		fi
+	)
+}
+
+# Test that the superproject contains the content according to commit "$1"
+# (the work tree must match the index for everything but submodules but the
+# index must exactly match the given commit including any submodule SHA-1s).
+test_superproject_content () {
+	git diff-index --cached "$1" >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	git diff-files --ignore-submodules >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual
+}
+
+# Test that the given submodule at path "$1" contains the content according
+# to the submodule commit recorded in the superproject's commit "$2"
+test_submodule_content () {
+	if test $# != 2
+	then
+		echo "test_submodule_content needs two arguments"
+		return 1
+	fi &&
+	submodule="$1" &&
+	commit="$2" &&
+	test -d "$submodule"/ &&
+	if ! test -f "$submodule"/.git && ! test -d "$submodule"/.git
+	then
+		echo "Submodule $submodule is not populated"
+		return 1
+	fi &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify "$commit:$submodule") &&
+	if test -z "$sha1"
+	then
+		echo "Couldn't retrieve SHA-1 of $submodule for $commit"
+		return 1
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd "$submodule" &&
+		git status -u -s >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		git diff "$sha1" >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual
+	)
+}
+
+# Test that the following transitions are correctly handled:
+# - Updated submodule
+# - New submodule
+# - Removed submodule
+# - Directory containing tracked files replaced by submodule
+# - Submodule replaced by tracked files in directory
+# - Submodule replaced by tracked file with the same name
+# - tracked file replaced by submodule
+#
+# The default is that submodule contents aren't changed until "git submodule
+# update" is run. And even then that command doesn't delete the work tree of
+# a removed submodule.
+#
+# Removing a submodule containing a .git directory must fail even when forced
+# to protect the history!
+#
+
+# Test that submodule contents are currently not updated when switching
+# between commits that change a submodule.
+test_submodule_switch () {
+	command="$1"
+	######################### Appearing submodule #########################
+	# Switching to a commit letting a submodule appear creates empty dir ...
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_STASH_DOES_IGNORE_SUBMODULE_CHANGES" = 1
+	then
+		# Restoring stash fails to restore submodule index entry
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: added submodule creates empty directory" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... and doesn't care if it already exists ...
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: added submodule leaves existing empty directory alone" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			mkdir sub1 &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... unless there is an untracked file in its place.
+	test_expect_success "$command: added submodule doesn't remove untracked unignored file with same name" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			>sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/no_submodule &&
+			test_must_be_empty sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing a tracked file with a submodule produces an empty
+	# directory ...
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: replace tracked file with submodule creates empty directory" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to replace_sub1_with_file &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_file_with_sub1 origin/replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			$command replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/replace_file_with_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... as does removing a directory with tracked files with a
+	# submodule.
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR" = 1
+	then
+		# Non fast-forward merges fail with "Directory sub1 doesn't
+		# exist. sub1" because the empty submodule directory is not
+		# created
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: replace directory with submodule" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_directory_with_sub1 origin/replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			$command replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/replace_directory_with_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	######################## Disappearing submodule #######################
+	# Removing a submodule doesn't remove its work tree ...
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_STASH_DOES_IGNORE_SUBMODULE_CHANGES" = 1
+	then
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: removed submodule leaves submodule directory and its contents in place" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t remove_sub1 origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			$command remove_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... especially when it contains a .git directory.
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: removed submodule leaves submodule containing a .git directory alone" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t remove_sub1 origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			$command remove_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing a submodule with files in a directory must fail as the
+	# submodule work tree isn't removed ...
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES" = 1
+	then
+		# Non fast-forward merges attempt to merge the former
+		# submodule files with the newly checked out ones in the
+		# directory of the same name while it shouldn't.
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: replace submodule with a directory must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_directory origin/replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... especially when it contains a .git directory.
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: replace submodule containing a .git directory with a directory must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_directory origin/replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing it with a file must fail as it could throw away any local
+	# work tree changes ...
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule with a file must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_file origin/replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... or even destroy unpushed parts of submodule history if that
+	# still uses a .git directory.
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule containing a .git directory with a file must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_file origin/replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	########################## Modified submodule #########################
+	# Updating a submodule sha1 doesn't update the submodule's work tree
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_CHERRY_PICK_SEES_EMPTY_COMMIT" = 1
+	then
+		# When cherry picking a SHA-1 update for an ignored submodule
+		# the commit incorrectly fails with "The previous cherry-pick
+		# is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution."
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t modify_sub1 origin/modify_sub1 &&
+			$command modify_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/modify_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			git submodule update &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/modify_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	# Updating a submodule to an invalid sha1 doesn't update the
+	# submodule's work tree, subsequent update will fail
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree to invalid commit" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t invalid_sub1 origin/invalid_sub1 &&
+			$command invalid_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/invalid_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail git submodule update &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Updating a submodule from an invalid sha1 doesn't update the
+	# submodule's work tree, subsequent update will succeed
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree from invalid commit" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to invalid_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t valid_sub1 origin/valid_sub1 &&
+			$command valid_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/valid_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/valid_sub1
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+# Test that submodule contents are currently not updated when switching
+# between commits that change a submodule, but throwing away local changes in
+# the superproject is allowed.
+test_submodule_forced_switch () {
+	command="$1"
+	######################### Appearing submodule #########################
+	# Switching to a commit letting a submodule appear creates empty dir ...
+	test_expect_success "$command: added submodule creates empty directory" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... and doesn't care if it already exists ...
+	test_expect_success "$command: added submodule leaves existing empty directory alone" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			mkdir sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... unless there is an untracked file in its place.
+	test_expect_success "$command: added submodule does remove untracked unignored file with same name when forced" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			>sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing a tracked file with a submodule produces an empty
+	# directory ...
+	test_expect_success "$command: replace tracked file with submodule creates empty directory" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to replace_sub1_with_file &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_file_with_sub1 origin/replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			$command replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/replace_file_with_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... as does removing a directory with tracked files with a
+	# submodule.
+	test_expect_success "$command: replace directory with submodule" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_directory_with_sub1 origin/replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			$command replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/replace_directory_with_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	######################## Disappearing submodule #######################
+	# Removing a submodule doesn't remove its work tree ...
+	test_expect_success "$command: removed submodule leaves submodule directory and its contents in place" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t remove_sub1 origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			$command remove_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... especially when it contains a .git directory.
+	test_expect_success "$command: removed submodule leaves submodule containing a .git directory alone" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t remove_sub1 origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			$command remove_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing a submodule with files in a directory must fail as the
+	# submodule work tree isn't removed ...
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule with a directory must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_directory origin/replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... especially when it contains a .git directory.
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule containing a .git directory with a directory must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_directory origin/replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing it with a file must fail as it could throw away any local
+	# work tree changes ...
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule with a file must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_file origin/replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... or even destroy unpushed parts of submodule history if that
+	# still uses a .git directory.
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule containing a .git directory with a file must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_file origin/replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	########################## Modified submodule #########################
+	# Updating a submodule sha1 doesn't update the submodule's work tree
+	test_expect_success "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t modify_sub1 origin/modify_sub1 &&
+			$command modify_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/modify_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			git submodule update &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/modify_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Updating a submodule to an invalid sha1 doesn't update the
+	# submodule's work tree, subsequent update will fail
+	test_expect_success "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree to invalid commit" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t invalid_sub1 origin/invalid_sub1 &&
+			$command invalid_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/invalid_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail git submodule update &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Updating a submodule from an invalid sha1 doesn't update the
+	# submodule's work tree, subsequent update will succeed
+	test_expect_success "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree from invalid commit" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to invalid_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t valid_sub1 origin/valid_sub1 &&
+			$command valid_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/valid_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/valid_sub1
+		)
+	'
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-t6000.sh b/t/lib-t6000.sh
index ea25dd89e5..3f2d873fec 100644
--- a/t/lib-t6000.sh
+++ b/t/lib-t6000.sh
@@ -1,55 +1,50 @@
 : included from 6002 and others
 
-[ -d .git/refs/tags ] || mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
+mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
 
-:> sed.script
+>sed.script
 
-# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git or .git/refs/tags
-tag()
-{
+# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git/refs/tags
+tag () {
 	_tag=$1
-	[ -f .git/refs/tags/$_tag ] || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
-	cat .git/refs/tags/$_tag
+	test -f ".git/refs/tags/$_tag" || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
+	cat ".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
 }
 
 # Generate a commit using the text specified to make it unique and the tree
 # named by the tag specified.
-unique_commit()
-{
+unique_commit () {
 	_text=$1
-        _tree=$2
+	_tree=$2
 	shift 2
-	echo $_text | git commit-tree $(tag $_tree) "$@"
+	echo "$_text" | git commit-tree $(tag "$_tree") "$@"
 }
 
 # Save the output of a command into the tag specified. Prepend
 # a substitution script for the tag onto the front of sed.script
-save_tag()
-{
+save_tag () {
 	_tag=$1
-	[ -n "$_tag" ] || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
+	test -n "$_tag" || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
 	shift 1
-	"$@" >.git/refs/tags/$_tag
+	"$@" >".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
 
-        echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" > sed.script.tmp
-	cat sed.script >> sed.script.tmp
+	echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" >sed.script.tmp
+	cat sed.script >>sed.script.tmp
 	rm sed.script
 	mv sed.script.tmp sed.script
 }
 
-# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashses with their symbolic equivalents
-entag()
-{
+# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashes with their symbolic equivalents
+entag () {
 	sed -f sed.script
 }
 
 # Execute a command after first saving, then setting the GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 # tag to a specified value. Restore the original value on return.
-as_author()
-{
+as_author () {
 	_author=$1
 	shift 1
-        _save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	_save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$_author"
 	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
@@ -63,45 +58,58 @@ as_author()
 	fi
 }
 
-commit_date()
-{
-        _commit=$1
-	git cat-file commit $_commit | sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
+commit_date () {
+	_commit=$1
+	git cat-file commit $_commit |
+	sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
 }
 
-on_committer_date()
-{
-    _date=$1
-    shift 1
-    GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$_date"
-    export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-    "$@"
-    unset GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+# Assign the value of fake date to a variable, but
+# allow fairly common "1971-08-16 00:00" to be omittd
+assign_fake_date () {
+	case "$2" in
+	??:??:??)	eval "$1='1971-08-16 $2'" ;;
+	??:??)		eval "$1='1971-08-16 00:$2'" ;;
+	??)		eval "$1='1971-08-16 00:00:$2'" ;;
+	*)		eval "$1='$2'" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+on_committer_date () {
+	assign_fake_date GIT_COMMITTER_DATE "$1"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	shift 1
+	"$@"
+}
+
+on_dates () {
+	assign_fake_date GIT_COMMITTER_DATE "$1"
+	assign_fake_date GIT_AUTHOR_DATE "$2"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+	shift 2
+	"$@"
 }
 
 # Execute a command and suppress any error output.
-hide_error()
-{
+hide_error () {
 	"$@" 2>/dev/null
 }
 
-check_output()
-{
+check_output () {
 	_name=$1
 	shift 1
-	if eval "$*" | entag > $_name.actual
+	if eval "$*" | entag >"$_name.actual"
 	then
-		test_cmp $_name.expected $_name.actual
+		test_cmp "$_name.expected" "$_name.actual"
 	else
-		return 1;
+		return 1
 	fi
 }
 
 # Turn a reasonable test description into a reasonable test name.
 # All alphanums translated into -'s which are then compressed and stripped
 # from front and back.
-name_from_description()
-{
+name_from_description () {
 	perl -pe '
 		s/[^A-Za-z0-9.]/-/g;
 		s/-+/-/g;
@@ -119,9 +127,11 @@ name_from_description()
 test_output_expect_success()
 {
 	_description=$1
-        _test=$2
-        [ $# -eq 2 ] || error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
-        _name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
-	cat > $_name.expected
+	_test=$2
+	test $# -eq 2 ||
+	error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
+
+	_name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
+	cat >"$_name.expected"
 	test_expect_success "$_description" "check_output $_name \"$_test\""
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-terminal.sh b/t/lib-terminal.sh
index 58d911d21b..cd220e378e 100644
--- a/t/lib-terminal.sh
+++ b/t/lib-terminal.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,20 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Helpers for terminal output tests.
+
+# Catch tests which should depend on TTY but forgot to. There's no need
+# to additionally check that the TTY prereq is set here.  If the test declared
+# it and we are running the test, then it must have been set.
+test_terminal () {
+	if ! test_declared_prereq TTY
+	then
+		echo >&4 "test_terminal: need to declare TTY prerequisite"
+		return 127
+	fi
+	perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
+}
+
+test_lazy_prereq TTY '
+	test_have_prereq PERL &&
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'set up terminal for tests' '
 	# Reading from the pty master seems to get stuck _sometimes_
 	# on Mac OS X 10.5.0, using Perl 5.10.0 or 5.8.9.
 	#
@@ -15,21 +29,8 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'set up terminal for tests' '
 	# After 2000 iterations or so it hangs.
 	# https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=65692
 	#
-	if test "$(uname -s)" = Darwin
-	then
-		:
-	elif
-		"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
-			sh -c "test -t 1 && test -t 2"
-	then
-		test_set_prereq TTY &&
-		test_terminal () {
-			if ! test_declared_prereq TTY
-			then
-				echo >&4 "test_terminal: need to declare TTY prerequisite"
-				return 127
-			fi
-			"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
-		}
-	fi
+	test "$(uname -s)" != Darwin &&
+
+	perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
+		sh -c "test -t 1 && test -t 2"
 '
diff --git a/t/perf/.gitignore b/t/perf/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..982eb8e3a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/build/
+/test-results/
+/trash directory*/
diff --git a/t/perf/Makefile b/t/perf/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c47155a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-include ../../config.mak
+export GIT_TEST_OPTIONS
+
+all: perf
+
+perf: pre-clean
+	./run
+
+pre-clean:
+	rm -rf test-results
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf build "trash directory".* test-results
+
+.PHONY: all perf pre-clean clean
diff --git a/t/perf/README b/t/perf/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8848c14619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/README
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+Git performance tests
+=====================
+
+This directory holds performance testing scripts for git tools.  The
+first part of this document describes the various ways in which you
+can run them.
+
+When fixing the tools or adding enhancements, you are strongly
+encouraged to add tests in this directory to cover what you are
+trying to fix or enhance.  The later part of this short document
+describes how your test scripts should be organized.
+
+
+Running Tests
+-------------
+
+The easiest way to run tests is to say "make".  This runs all
+the tests on the current git repository.
+
+    === Running 2 tests in this tree ===
+    [...]
+    Test                                     this tree
+    ---------------------------------------------------------
+    0001.1: rev-list --all                   0.54(0.51+0.02)
+    0001.2: rev-list --all --objects         6.14(5.99+0.11)
+    7810.1: grep worktree, cheap regex       0.16(0.16+0.35)
+    7810.2: grep worktree, expensive regex   7.90(29.75+0.37)
+    7810.3: grep --cached, cheap regex       3.07(3.02+0.25)
+    7810.4: grep --cached, expensive regex   9.39(30.57+0.24)
+
+You can compare multiple repositories and even git revisions with the
+'run' script:
+
+    $ ./run . origin/next /path/to/git-tree p0001-rev-list.sh
+
+where . stands for the current git tree.  The full invocation is
+
+    ./run [<revision|directory>...] [--] [<test-script>...]
+
+A '.' argument is implied if you do not pass any other
+revisions/directories.
+
+You can also manually test this or another git build tree, and then
+call the aggregation script to summarize the results:
+
+    $ ./p0001-rev-list.sh
+    [...]
+    $ GIT_BUILD_DIR=/path/to/other/git ./p0001-rev-list.sh
+    [...]
+    $ ./aggregate.perl . /path/to/other/git ./p0001-rev-list.sh
+
+aggregate.perl has the same invocation as 'run', it just does not run
+anything beforehand.
+
+You can set the following variables (also in your config.mak):
+
+    GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT
+	Number of times a test should be repeated for best-of-N
+	measurements.  Defaults to 3.
+
+    GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS
+	Options to use when automatically building a git tree for
+	performance testing.  E.g., -j6 would be useful.
+
+    GIT_PERF_REPO
+    GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO
+	Repositories to copy for the performance tests.  The normal
+	repo should be at least git.git size.  The large repo should
+	probably be about linux.git size for optimal results.
+	Both default to the git.git you are running from.
+
+You can also pass the options taken by ordinary git tests; the most
+useful one is:
+
+--root=<directory>::
+	Create "trash" directories used to store all temporary data during
+	testing under <directory>, instead of the t/ directory.
+	Using this option with a RAM-based filesystem (such as tmpfs)
+	can massively speed up the test suite.
+
+
+Naming Tests
+------------
+
+The performance test files are named as:
+
+	pNNNN-commandname-details.sh
+
+where N is a decimal digit.  The same conventions for choosing NNNN as
+for normal tests apply.
+
+
+Writing Tests
+-------------
+
+The perf script starts much like a normal test script, except it
+sources perf-lib.sh:
+
+	#!/bin/sh
+	#
+	# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+	#
+
+	test_description='xxx performance test'
+	. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+After that you will want to use some of the following:
+
+	test_perf_default_repo  # sets up a "normal" repository
+	test_perf_large_repo    # sets up a "large" repository
+
+	test_perf_default_repo sub  # ditto, in a subdir "sub"
+
+        test_checkout_worktree  # if you need the worktree too
+
+At least one of the first two is required!
+
+You can use test_expect_success as usual.  For actual performance
+tests, use
+
+	test_perf 'descriptive string' '
+		command1 &&
+		command2
+	'
+
+test_perf spawns a subshell, for lack of better options.  This means
+that
+
+* you _must_ export all variables that you need in the subshell
+
+* you _must_ flag all variables that you want to persist from the
+  subshell with 'test_export':
+
+	test_perf 'descriptive string' '
+		foo=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		test_export foo
+	'
+
+  The so-exported variables are automatically marked for export in the
+  shell executing the perf test.  For your convenience, test_export is
+  the same as export in the main shell.
+
+  This feature relies on a bit of magic using 'set' and 'source'.
+  While we have tried to make sure that it can cope with embedded
+  whitespace and other special characters, it will not work with
+  multi-line data.
diff --git a/t/perf/aggregate.perl b/t/perf/aggregate.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..924b19dab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/aggregate.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use lib '../../perl/blib/lib';
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Git;
+
+sub get_times {
+	my $name = shift;
+	open my $fh, "<", $name or return undef;
+	my $line = <$fh>;
+	return undef if not defined $line;
+	close $fh or die "cannot close $name: $!";
+	$line =~ /^(?:(\d+):)?(\d+):(\d+(?:\.\d+)?) (\d+(?:\.\d+)?) (\d+(?:\.\d+)?)$/
+		or die "bad input line: $line";
+	my $rt = ((defined $1 ? $1 : 0.0)*60+$2)*60+$3;
+	return ($rt, $4, $5);
+}
+
+sub format_times {
+	my ($r, $u, $s, $firstr) = @_;
+	if (!defined $r) {
+		return "<missing>";
+	}
+	my $out = sprintf "%.2f(%.2f+%.2f)", $r, $u, $s;
+	if (defined $firstr) {
+		if ($firstr > 0) {
+			$out .= sprintf " %+.1f%%", 100.0*($r-$firstr)/$firstr;
+		} elsif ($r == 0) {
+			$out .= " =";
+		} else {
+			$out .= " +inf";
+		}
+	}
+	return $out;
+}
+
+my (@dirs, %dirnames, %dirabbrevs, %prefixes, @tests);
+while (scalar @ARGV) {
+	my $arg = $ARGV[0];
+	my $dir;
+	last if -f $arg or $arg eq "--";
+	if (! -d $arg) {
+		my $rev = Git::command_oneline(qw(rev-parse --verify), $arg);
+		$dir = "build/".$rev;
+	} else {
+		$arg =~ s{/*$}{};
+		$dir = $arg;
+		$dirabbrevs{$dir} = $dir;
+	}
+	push @dirs, $dir;
+	$dirnames{$dir} = $arg;
+	my $prefix = $dir;
+	$prefix =~ tr/^a-zA-Z0-9/_/c;
+	$prefixes{$dir} = $prefix . '.';
+	shift @ARGV;
+}
+
+if (not @dirs) {
+	@dirs = ('.');
+}
+$dirnames{'.'} = $dirabbrevs{'.'} = "this tree";
+$prefixes{'.'} = '';
+
+shift @ARGV if scalar @ARGV and $ARGV[0] eq "--";
+
+@tests = @ARGV;
+if (not @tests) {
+	@tests = glob "p????-*.sh";
+}
+
+my @subtests;
+my %shorttests;
+for my $t (@tests) {
+	$t =~ s{(?:.*/)?(p(\d+)-[^/]+)\.sh$}{$1} or die "bad test name: $t";
+	my $n = $2;
+	my $fname = "test-results/$t.subtests";
+	open my $fp, "<", $fname or die "cannot open $fname: $!";
+	for (<$fp>) {
+		chomp;
+		/^(\d+)$/ or die "malformed subtest line: $_";
+		push @subtests, "$t.$1";
+		$shorttests{"$t.$1"} = "$n.$1";
+	}
+	close $fp or die "cannot close $fname: $!";
+}
+
+sub read_descr {
+	my $name = shift;
+	open my $fh, "<", $name or return "<error reading description>";
+	my $line = <$fh>;
+	close $fh or die "cannot close $name";
+	chomp $line;
+	return $line;
+}
+
+my %descrs;
+my $descrlen = 4; # "Test"
+for my $t (@subtests) {
+	$descrs{$t} = $shorttests{$t}.": ".read_descr("test-results/$t.descr");
+	$descrlen = length $descrs{$t} if length $descrs{$t}>$descrlen;
+}
+
+sub have_duplicate {
+	my %seen;
+	for (@_) {
+		return 1 if exists $seen{$_};
+		$seen{$_} = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+sub have_slash {
+	for (@_) {
+		return 1 if m{/};
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+my %newdirabbrevs = %dirabbrevs;
+while (!have_duplicate(values %newdirabbrevs)) {
+	%dirabbrevs = %newdirabbrevs;
+	last if !have_slash(values %dirabbrevs);
+	%newdirabbrevs = %dirabbrevs;
+	for (values %newdirabbrevs) {
+		s{^[^/]*/}{};
+	}
+}
+
+my %times;
+my @colwidth = ((0)x@dirs);
+for my $i (0..$#dirs) {
+	my $d = $dirs[$i];
+	my $w = length (exists $dirabbrevs{$d} ? $dirabbrevs{$d} : $dirnames{$d});
+	$colwidth[$i] = $w if $w > $colwidth[$i];
+}
+for my $t (@subtests) {
+	my $firstr;
+	for my $i (0..$#dirs) {
+		my $d = $dirs[$i];
+		$times{$prefixes{$d}.$t} = [get_times("test-results/$prefixes{$d}$t.times")];
+		my ($r,$u,$s) = @{$times{$prefixes{$d}.$t}};
+		my $w = length format_times($r,$u,$s,$firstr);
+		$colwidth[$i] = $w if $w > $colwidth[$i];
+		$firstr = $r unless defined $firstr;
+	}
+}
+my $totalwidth = 3*@dirs+$descrlen;
+$totalwidth += $_ for (@colwidth);
+
+printf "%-${descrlen}s", "Test";
+for my $i (0..$#dirs) {
+	my $d = $dirs[$i];
+	printf "   %-$colwidth[$i]s", (exists $dirabbrevs{$d} ? $dirabbrevs{$d} : $dirnames{$d});
+}
+print "\n";
+print "-"x$totalwidth, "\n";
+for my $t (@subtests) {
+	printf "%-${descrlen}s", $descrs{$t};
+	my $firstr;
+	for my $i (0..$#dirs) {
+		my $d = $dirs[$i];
+		my ($r,$u,$s) = @{$times{$prefixes{$d}.$t}};
+		printf "   %-$colwidth[$i]s", format_times($r,$u,$s,$firstr);
+		$firstr = $r unless defined $firstr;
+	}
+	print "\n";
+}
diff --git a/t/perf/min_time.perl b/t/perf/min_time.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c1a2717e07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/min_time.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+my $minrt = 1e100;
+my $min;
+
+while (<>) {
+	# [h:]m:s.xx U.xx S.xx
+	/^(?:(\d+):)?(\d+):(\d+(?:\.\d+)?) (\d+(?:\.\d+)?) (\d+(?:\.\d+)?)$/
+		or die "bad input line: $_";
+	my $rt = ((defined $1 ? $1 : 0.0)*60+$2)*60+$3;
+	if ($rt < $minrt) {
+		$min = $_;
+		$minrt = $rt;
+	}
+}
+
+if (!defined $min) {
+	die "no input found";
+}
+
+print $min;
diff --git a/t/perf/p0000-perf-lib-sanity.sh b/t/perf/p0000-perf-lib-sanity.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..cf8e1efce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p0000-perf-lib-sanity.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests whether perf-lib facilities work'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+test_perf 'test_perf_default_repo works' '
+	foo=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_export foo
+'
+
+test_checkout_worktree
+
+test_perf 'test_checkout_worktree works' '
+	wt=$(find . | wc -l) &&
+	idx=$(git ls-files | wc -l) &&
+	test $wt -gt $idx
+'
+
+baz=baz
+test_export baz
+
+test_expect_success 'test_export works' '
+	echo "$foo" &&
+	test "$foo" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	echo "$baz" &&
+	test "$baz" = baz
+'
+
+test_perf 'export a weird var' '
+	bar="weird # variable" &&
+	test_export bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test_export works with weird vars' '
+	echo "$bar" &&
+	test "$bar" = "weird # variable"
+'
+
+test_perf 'important variables available in subshells' '
+	test -n "$HOME" &&
+	test -n "$TEST_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test -n "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test -n "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"
+'
+
+test_perf 'test-lib-functions correctly loaded in subshells' '
+	: >a &&
+	test_path_is_file a &&
+	: >b &&
+	test_cmp a b
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p0001-rev-list.sh b/t/perf/p0001-rev-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..16359d51ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p0001-rev-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests history walking performance"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+test_perf 'rev-list --all' '
+	git rev-list --all >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'rev-list --all --objects' '
+	git rev-list --all --objects >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create new unreferenced commit' '
+	commit=$(git commit-tree HEAD^{tree} -p HEAD)
+'
+
+test_perf 'rev-list $commit --not --all' '
+	git rev-list $commit --not --all >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'rev-list --objects $commit --not --all' '
+	git rev-list --objects $commit --not --all >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh b/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9180ae9343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests performance of reading the index"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+count=1000
+test_perf "read_cache/discard_cache $count times" "
+	test-read-cache $count
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/perf/p3404-rebase-interactive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..88f47de282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests rebase -i performance'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+# This commit merges a sufficiently long topic branch for reasonable
+# performance testing
+branch_merge=ba5312da19c6fdb6c6747d479f58932aae6e900c^{commit}
+export branch_merge
+
+git rev-parse --verify $branch_merge >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	skip_all='skipping because $branch_merge was not found'
+	test_done
+}
+
+write_script swap-first-two.sh <<\EOF
+case "$1" in
+*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
+	mv "$1" "$1".bak &&
+	sed -e '1{h;d}' -e 2G <"$1".bak >"$1"
+	;;
+esac
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config core.editor "\"$PWD"/swap-first-two.sh\" &&
+	git checkout -f $branch_merge^2
+'
+
+test_perf 'rebase -i' '
+	git rebase -i $branch_merge^
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p4000-diff-algorithms.sh b/t/perf/p4000-diff-algorithms.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7e00c9da47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p4000-diff-algorithms.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests diff generation performance"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+test_perf 'log -3000 (baseline)' '
+	git log -3000 >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'log --raw -3000 (tree-only)' '
+	git log --raw -3000 >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'log -p -3000 (Myers)' '
+	git log -p -3000 >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'log -p -3000 --histogram' '
+	git log -p -3000 --histogram >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'log -p -3000 --patience' '
+	git log -p -3000 --patience >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p4001-diff-no-index.sh b/t/perf/p4001-diff-no-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..683be6984f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p4001-diff-no-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Test diff --no-index performance"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_large_repo
+test_checkout_worktree
+
+file1=$(git ls-files | tail -n 2 | head -1)
+file2=$(git ls-files | tail -n 1 | head -1)
+
+test_expect_success "empty files, so they take no time to diff" "
+	echo >$file1 &&
+	echo >$file2
+"
+
+test_perf "diff --no-index" "
+	git diff --no-index $file1 $file2 >/dev/null
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh b/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3d074b0e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests log -L performance'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+# Pick a file to log pseudo-randomly.  The sort key is the blob hash,
+# so it is stable.
+test_expect_success 'select a file' '
+	git ls-tree HEAD | grep ^100644 |
+	sort -k 3 | head -1 | cut -f 2 >filelist
+'
+
+file=$(cat filelist)
+export file
+
+test_perf 'git rev-list --topo-order (baseline)' '
+	git rev-list --topo-order HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log --follow (baseline for -M)' '
+	git log --oneline --follow -- "$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log -L' '
+	git log -L 1:"$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log -M -L' '
+	git log -M -L 1:"$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh b/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5ee9211f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests index-pack performance"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_large_repo
+
+test_expect_success 'repack' '
+	git repack -ad &&
+	PACK=$(ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack | head -n1) &&
+	test -f "$PACK" &&
+	export PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 0 threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t1 git index-pack --threads=1 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 1 thread ' '
+	GIT_DIR=t2 GIT_FORCE_THREADS=1 git index-pack --threads=1 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 2 threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t3 git index-pack --threads=2 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 4 threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t4 git index-pack --threads=4 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 8 threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t5 git index-pack --threads=8 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack default number of threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t6 git index-pack --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p5310-pack-bitmaps.sh b/t/perf/p5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..de2a224a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests pack performance using bitmaps'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_large_repo
+
+# note that we do everything through config,
+# since we want to be able to compare bitmap-aware
+# git versus non-bitmap git
+#
+# We intentionally use the deprecated pack.writebitmaps
+# config so that we can test against older versions of git.
+test_expect_success 'setup bitmap config' '
+	git config pack.writebitmaps true &&
+	git config pack.writebitmaphashcache true
+'
+
+test_perf 'repack to disk' '
+	git repack -ad
+'
+
+test_perf 'simulated clone' '
+	git pack-objects --stdout --all </dev/null >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'simulated fetch' '
+	have=$(git rev-list HEAD~100 -1) &&
+	{
+		echo HEAD &&
+		echo ^$have
+	} | git pack-objects --revs --stdout >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create partial bitmap state' '
+	# pick a commit to represent the repo tip in the past
+	cutoff=$(git rev-list HEAD~100 -1) &&
+	orig_tip=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	# now kill off all of the refs and pretend we had
+	# just the one tip
+	rm -rf .git/logs .git/refs/* .git/packed-refs &&
+	git update-ref HEAD $cutoff &&
+
+	# and then repack, which will leave us with a nice
+	# big bitmap pack of the "old" history, and all of
+	# the new history will be loose, as if it had been pushed
+	# up incrementally and exploded via unpack-objects
+	git repack -Ad &&
+
+	# and now restore our original tip, as if the pushes
+	# had happened
+	git update-ref HEAD $orig_tip
+'
+
+test_perf 'partial bitmap' '
+	git pack-objects --stdout --all </dev/null >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p7000-filter-branch.sh b/t/perf/p7000-filter-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..15ee5d1d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p7000-filter-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='performance of filter-branch'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+test_checkout_worktree
+
+test_expect_success 'mark bases for tests' '
+	git tag -f tip &&
+	git tag -f base HEAD~100
+'
+
+test_perf 'noop filter' '
+	git checkout --detach tip &&
+	git filter-branch -f base..HEAD
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p7300-clean.sh b/t/perf/p7300-clean.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7c1888a27e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p7300-clean.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Test git-clean performance"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+test_checkout_worktree
+
+test_expect_success 'setup untracked directory with many sub dirs' '
+	rm -rf 500_sub_dirs 100000_sub_dirs clean_test_dir &&
+	mkdir 500_sub_dirs 100000_sub_dirs clean_test_dir &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 500)
+	do
+		mkdir 500_sub_dirs/dir$i || return $?
+	done &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 200)
+	do
+		cp -r 500_sub_dirs 100000_sub_dirs/dir$i || return $?
+	done
+'
+
+test_perf 'clean many untracked sub dirs, check for nested git' '
+	git clean -n -q -f -d 100000_sub_dirs/
+'
+
+test_perf 'clean many untracked sub dirs, ignore nested git' '
+	git clean -n -q -f -f -d 100000_sub_dirs/
+'
+
+test_perf 'ls-files -o' '
+	git ls-files -o
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p7810-grep.sh b/t/perf/p7810-grep.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9f4ade639f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p7810-grep.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="git-grep performance in various modes"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_large_repo
+test_checkout_worktree
+
+test_perf 'grep worktree, cheap regex' '
+	git grep some_nonexistent_string || :
+'
+test_perf 'grep worktree, expensive regex' '
+	git grep "^.* *some_nonexistent_string$" || :
+'
+test_perf 'grep --cached, cheap regex' '
+	git grep --cached some_nonexistent_string || :
+'
+test_perf 'grep --cached, expensive regex' '
+	git grep --cached "^.* *some_nonexistent_string$" || :
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..773f955d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# Performance testing framework.  Each perf script starts much like
+# a normal test script, except it sources this library instead of
+# test-lib.sh.  See t/perf/README for documentation.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Thomas Rast
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
+
+# do the --tee work early; it otherwise confuses our careful
+# GIT_BUILD_DIR mangling
+case "$GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED, $* " in
+done,*)
+	# do not redirect again
+	;;
+*' --tee '*|*' --va'*)
+	mkdir -p test-results
+	BASE=test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)
+	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL-sh} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
+	 echo $? > $BASE.exit) | tee $BASE.out
+	test "$(cat $BASE.exit)" = 0
+	exit
+	;;
+esac
+
+TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)/..
+TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
+if test -z "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED"; then
+	perf_results_prefix=
+else
+	perf_results_prefix=$(printf "%s" "${GIT_TEST_INSTALLED%/bin-wrappers}" | tr -c "[a-zA-Z0-9]" "[_*]")"."
+	# make the tested dir absolute
+	GIT_TEST_INSTALLED=$(cd "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" && pwd)
+fi
+
+TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=t
+TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK=t
+
+. ../test-lib.sh
+
+# Variables from test-lib that are normally internal to the tests; we
+# need to export them for test_perf subshells
+export TEST_DIRECTORY TRASH_DIRECTORY GIT_BUILD_DIR GIT_TEST_CMP
+
+perf_results_dir=$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results
+mkdir -p "$perf_results_dir"
+rm -f "$perf_results_dir"/$(basename "$0" .sh).subtests
+
+if test -z "$GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT"; then
+	GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT=3
+fi
+die_if_build_dir_not_repo () {
+	if ! ( cd "$TEST_DIRECTORY/.." &&
+		    git rev-parse --build-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 ); then
+		error "No $1 defined, and your build directory is not a repo"
+	fi
+}
+
+if test -z "$GIT_PERF_REPO"; then
+	die_if_build_dir_not_repo '$GIT_PERF_REPO'
+	GIT_PERF_REPO=$TEST_DIRECTORY/..
+fi
+if test -z "$GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO"; then
+	die_if_build_dir_not_repo '$GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO'
+	GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO=$TEST_DIRECTORY/..
+fi
+
+test_perf_create_repo_from () {
+	test "$#" = 2 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 2 parameters to test-create-repo"
+	repo="$1"
+	source="$2"
+	source_git="$(git -C "$source" rev-parse --git-dir)"
+	objects_dir="$(git -C "$source" rev-parse --git-path objects)"
+	mkdir -p "$repo/.git"
+	(
+		cd "$source" &&
+		{ cp -Rl "$objects_dir" "$repo/.git/" 2>/dev/null ||
+			cp -R "$objects_dir" "$repo/.git/"; } &&
+		for stuff in "$source_git"/*; do
+			case "$stuff" in
+				*/objects|*/hooks|*/config|*/commondir)
+					;;
+				*)
+					cp -R "$stuff" "$repo/.git/" || exit 1
+					;;
+			esac
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$repo" &&
+		git init -q && {
+			test_have_prereq SYMLINKS ||
+			git config core.symlinks false
+		} &&
+		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled 2>/dev/null
+	) || error "failed to copy repository '$source' to '$repo'"
+}
+
+# call at least one of these to establish an appropriately-sized repository
+test_perf_default_repo () {
+	test_perf_create_repo_from "${1:-$TRASH_DIRECTORY}" "$GIT_PERF_REPO"
+}
+test_perf_large_repo () {
+	if test "$GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO" = "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"; then
+		echo "warning: \$GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO is \$GIT_BUILD_DIR." >&2
+		echo "warning: This will work, but may not be a sufficiently large repo" >&2
+		echo "warning: for representative measurements." >&2
+	fi
+	test_perf_create_repo_from "${1:-$TRASH_DIRECTORY}" "$GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO"
+}
+test_checkout_worktree () {
+	git checkout-index -u -a ||
+	error "git checkout-index failed"
+}
+
+# Performance tests should never fail.  If they do, stop immediately
+immediate=t
+
+# Perf tests require GNU time
+case "$(uname -s)" in Darwin) GTIME="${GTIME:-gtime}";; esac
+GTIME="${GTIME:-/usr/bin/time}"
+
+test_run_perf_ () {
+	test_cleanup=:
+	test_export_="test_cleanup"
+	export test_cleanup test_export_
+	"$GTIME" -f "%E %U %S" -o test_time.$i "$SHELL" -c '
+. '"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-lib-functions.sh'
+test_export () {
+	[ $# != 0 ] || return 0
+	test_export_="$test_export_\\|$1"
+	shift
+	test_export "$@"
+}
+'"$1"'
+ret=$?
+set | sed -n "s'"/'/'\\\\''/g"';s/^\\($test_export_\\)/export '"'&'"'/p" >test_vars
+exit $ret' >&3 2>&4
+	eval_ret=$?
+
+	if test $eval_ret = 0 || test -n "$expecting_failure"
+	then
+		test_eval_ "$test_cleanup"
+		. ./test_vars || error "failed to load updated environment"
+	fi
+	if test "$verbose" = "t" && test -n "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"; then
+		echo ""
+	fi
+	return "$eval_ret"
+}
+
+
+test_perf () {
+	test_start_
+	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
+	test "$#" = 2 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
+	export test_prereq
+	if ! test_skip "$@"
+	then
+		base=$(basename "$0" .sh)
+		echo "$test_count" >>"$perf_results_dir"/$base.subtests
+		echo "$1" >"$perf_results_dir"/$base.$test_count.descr
+		if test -z "$verbose"; then
+			printf "%s" "perf $test_count - $1:"
+		else
+			echo "perf $test_count - $1:"
+		fi
+		for i in $(test_seq 1 $GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT); do
+			say >&3 "running: $2"
+			if test_run_perf_ "$2"
+			then
+				if test -z "$verbose"; then
+					printf " %s" "$i"
+				else
+					echo "* timing run $i/$GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT:"
+				fi
+			else
+				test -z "$verbose" && echo
+				test_failure_ "$@"
+				break
+			fi
+		done
+		if test -z "$verbose"; then
+			echo " ok"
+		else
+			test_ok_ "$1"
+		fi
+		base="$perf_results_dir"/"$perf_results_prefix$(basename "$0" .sh)"."$test_count"
+		"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/perf/min_time.perl test_time.* >"$base".times
+	fi
+	test_finish_
+}
+
+# We extend test_done to print timings at the end (./run disables this
+# and does it after running everything)
+test_at_end_hook_ () {
+	if test -z "$GIT_PERF_AGGREGATING_LATER"; then
+		( cd "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/perf && ./aggregate.perl $(basename "$0") )
+	fi
+}
+
+test_export () {
+	export "$@"
+}
diff --git a/t/perf/run b/t/perf/run
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..cfd70129bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/run
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+case "$1" in
+	--help)
+		echo "usage: $0 [other_git_tree...] [--] [test_scripts]"
+		exit 0
+		;;
+esac
+
+die () {
+	echo >&2 "error: $*"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+run_one_dir () {
+	if test $# -eq 0; then
+		set -- p????-*.sh
+	fi
+	echo "=== Running $# tests in ${GIT_TEST_INSTALLED:-this tree} ==="
+	for t in "$@"; do
+		./$t $GIT_TEST_OPTS
+	done
+}
+
+unpack_git_rev () {
+	rev=$1
+	mkdir -p build/$rev
+	(cd "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)" && git archive --format=tar $rev) |
+	(cd build/$rev && tar x)
+}
+build_git_rev () {
+	rev=$1
+	cp ../../config.mak build/$rev/config.mak
+	(cd build/$rev && make $GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS) ||
+	die "failed to build revision '$mydir'"
+}
+
+run_dirs_helper () {
+	mydir=${1%/}
+	shift
+	while test $# -gt 0 -a "$1" != -- -a ! -f "$1"; do
+		shift
+	done
+	if test $# -gt 0 -a "$1" = --; then
+		shift
+	fi
+	if [ ! -d "$mydir" ]; then
+		rev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$mydir" 2>/dev/null) ||
+		die "'$mydir' is neither a directory nor a valid revision"
+		if [ ! -d build/$rev ]; then
+			unpack_git_rev $rev
+		fi
+		build_git_rev $rev
+		mydir=build/$rev
+	fi
+	if test "$mydir" = .; then
+		unset GIT_TEST_INSTALLED
+	else
+		GIT_TEST_INSTALLED="$mydir/bin-wrappers"
+		export GIT_TEST_INSTALLED
+	fi
+	run_one_dir "$@"
+}
+
+run_dirs () {
+	while test $# -gt 0 -a "$1" != -- -a ! -f "$1"; do
+		run_dirs_helper "$@"
+		shift
+	done
+}
+
+GIT_PERF_AGGREGATING_LATER=t
+export GIT_PERF_AGGREGATING_LATER
+
+cd "$(dirname $0)"
+. ../../GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+
+if test $# = 0 -o "$1" = -- -o -f "$1"; then
+	set -- . "$@"
+fi
+run_dirs "$@"
+./aggregate.perl "$@"
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
index f4e8f43bae..60811a3a7c 100755
--- a/t/t0000-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -18,85 +18,684 @@ swapping compression and hashing order, the person who is making the
 modification *should* take notice and update the test vectors here.
 '
 
-################################################################
-# It appears that people try to run tests without building...
-
-../git >/dev/null
-if test $? != 1
-then
-	echo >&2 'You do not seem to have built git yet.'
-	exit 1
-fi
-
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 ################################################################
 # git init has been done in an empty repository.
 # make sure it is empty.
 
-find .git/objects -type f -print >should-be-empty
-test_expect_success \
-    '.git/objects should be empty after git init in an empty repo.' \
-    'cmp -s /dev/null should-be-empty'
+test_expect_success '.git/objects should be empty after git init in an empty repo' '
+	find .git/objects -type f -print >should-be-empty &&
+	test_line_count = 0 should-be-empty
+'
 
 # also it should have 2 subdirectories; no fan-out anymore, pack, and info.
 # 3 is counting "objects" itself
-find .git/objects -type d -print >full-of-directories
-test_expect_success \
-    '.git/objects should have 3 subdirectories.' \
-    'test $(wc -l < full-of-directories) = 3'
+test_expect_success '.git/objects should have 3 subdirectories' '
+	find .git/objects -type d -print >full-of-directories &&
+	test_line_count = 3 full-of-directories
+'
 
 ################################################################
 # Test harness
 test_expect_success 'success is reported like this' '
-    :
-'
-test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' '
-    false
+	:
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage (run in sub test-lib)' "
-    mkdir passing-todo &&
-    (cd passing-todo &&
-    cat >passing-todo.sh <<EOF &&
-#!$SHELL_PATH
+_run_sub_test_lib_test_common () {
+	neg="$1" name="$2" descr="$3" # stdin is the body of the test code
+	shift 3
+	mkdir "$name" &&
+	(
+		# Pretend we're not running under a test harness, whether we
+		# are or not. The test-lib output depends on the setting of
+		# this variable, so we need a stable setting under which to run
+		# the sub-test.
+		sane_unset HARNESS_ACTIVE &&
+		cd "$name" &&
+		cat >"$name.sh" <<-EOF &&
+		#!$SHELL_PATH
 
-test_description='A passing TODO test
+		test_description='$descr (run in sub test-lib)
 
-This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect passing
-metrics
-'
+		This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect
+		passing metrics
+		'
+
+		# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
+		. "\$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-lib.sh
+		EOF
+		cat >>"$name.sh" &&
+		chmod +x "$name.sh" &&
+		export TEST_DIRECTORY &&
+		TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(pwd) &&
+		export TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY &&
+		if test -z "$neg"
+		then
+			./"$name.sh" "$@" >out 2>err
+		else
+			!  ./"$name.sh" "$@" >out 2>err
+		fi
+	)
+}
 
-# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
+run_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	_run_sub_test_lib_test_common '' "$@"
+}
 
-test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' '
-    :
+run_sub_test_lib_test_err () {
+	_run_sub_test_lib_test_common '!' "$@"
+}
+
+check_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	name="$1" # stdin is the expected output from the test
+	(
+		cd "$name" &&
+		! test -s err &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect out
+	)
+}
+
+check_sub_test_lib_test_err () {
+	name="$1" # stdin is the expected output from the test
+	# expected error output is in descriptior 3
+	(
+		cd "$name" &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' >expect.out &&
+		test_cmp expect.out out &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' <&3 >expect.err &&
+		test_cmp expect.err err
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a fully passing test suite' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test full-pass '3 passing tests' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test full-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # passed all 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a partially passing test suite' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		partial-pass '2/3 tests passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #1' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test #2' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #3' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partial-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> not ok 2 - failing test #2
+	#	false
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo 'A failing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..2
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo 'A passing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> 1..1
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed one of two known breakages (run in sub test-lib)' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos \
+		'2 TODO tests, one passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'pretend we have a passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed another known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 2 - pretend we have a passing test
+	> ok 3 - pretend we have fixed another known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a pass, fail, and known breakage' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results1 'mixed results #1' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results1 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 3 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 1 among remaining 2 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a mix of all possible results' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results2 'mixed results #2' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results2 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> ok 2 - passing test
+	> ok 3 - passing test
+	> ok 4 - passing test
+	> not ok 5 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 6 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 7 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 8 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> not ok 9 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 10 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 2 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 3 among remaining 7 test(s)
+	> 1..10
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'test --verbose' '
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		test-verbose "test verbose" --verbose <<-\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "passing test" true
+	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
+	test_expect_success "failing test" false
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	mv test-verbose/out test-verbose/out+ &&
+	grep -v "^Initialized empty" test-verbose/out+ >test-verbose/out &&
+	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose <<-\EOF
+	> expecting success: true
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> foo
+	> ok 2 - test with output
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: false
+	> not ok 3 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> Z
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
 '
 
-test_done
-EOF
-    chmod +x passing-todo.sh &&
-    ./passing-todo.sh >out 2>err &&
-    ! test -s err &&
-sed -e 's/^> //' >expect <<EOF &&
-> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage
-> # fixed 1 known breakage(s)
-> # passed all 1 test(s)
-> 1..1
-EOF
-    test_cmp expect out)
+test_expect_success 'test --verbose-only' '
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		test-verbose-only-2 "test verbose-only=2" \
+		--verbose-only=2 <<-\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "passing test" true
+	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
+	test_expect_success "failing test" false
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose-only-2 <<-\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> foo
+	> ok 2 - test with output
+	> Z
+	> not ok 3 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SKIP_TESTS' "
+	(
+		GIT_SKIP_TESTS='git.2' && export GIT_SKIP_TESTS &&
+		run_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-basic \
+			'GIT_SKIP_TESTS' <<-\\EOF &&
+		for i in 1 2 3
+		do
+			test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+		done
+		test_done
+		EOF
+		check_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-basic <<-\\EOF
+		> ok 1 - passing test #1
+		> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 3 - passing test #3
+		> # passed all 3 test(s)
+		> 1..3
+		EOF
+	)
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SKIP_TESTS several tests' "
+	(
+		GIT_SKIP_TESTS='git.2 git.5' && export GIT_SKIP_TESTS &&
+		run_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-several \
+			'GIT_SKIP_TESTS several tests' <<-\\EOF &&
+		for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+		do
+			test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+		done
+		test_done
+		EOF
+		check_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-several <<-\\EOF
+		> ok 1 - passing test #1
+		> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 3 - passing test #3
+		> ok 4 - passing test #4
+		> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 6 - passing test #6
+		> # passed all 6 test(s)
+		> 1..6
+		EOF
+	)
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SKIP_TESTS sh pattern' "
+	(
+		GIT_SKIP_TESTS='git.[2-5]' && export GIT_SKIP_TESTS &&
+		run_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-sh-pattern \
+			'GIT_SKIP_TESTS sh pattern' <<-\\EOF &&
+		for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+		do
+			test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+		done
+		test_done
+		EOF
+		check_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-sh-pattern <<-\\EOF
+		> ok 1 - passing test #1
+		> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 6 - passing test #6
+		> # passed all 6 test(s)
+		> 1..6
+		EOF
+	)
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run basic' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-basic \
+		'--run basic' --run='1 3 5' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-basic <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with a range' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-range \
+		'--run with a range' --run='1-3' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-range <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (--run)
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with two ranges' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-two-ranges \
+		'--run with two ranges' --run='1-2 5-6' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-two-ranges <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 - passing test #6
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with a left open range' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-left-open-range \
+		'--run with a left open range' --run='-3' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-left-open-range <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (--run)
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with a right open range' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-right-open-range \
+		'--run with a right open range' --run='4-' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-right-open-range <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 # skip passing test #1 (--run)
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 - passing test #6
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with basic negation' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-basic-neg \
+		'--run with basic negation' --run='"'!3'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-basic-neg <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 - passing test #6
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with two negations' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-two-neg \
+		'--run with two negations' --run='"'!3 !6'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-two-neg <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run a range and negation' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-range-and-neg \
+		'--run a range and negation' --run='"'-4 !2'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-range-and-neg <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (--run)
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run range negation' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-range-neg \
+		'--run range negation' --run='"'!1-3'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-range-neg <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 # skip passing test #1 (--run)
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 - passing test #6
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run include, exclude and include' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-inc-neg-inc \
+		'--run include, exclude and include' \
+		--run='"'1-5 !1-3 2'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-inc-neg-inc <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 # skip passing test #1 (--run)
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run include, exclude and include, comma separated' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-inc-neg-inc-comma \
+		'--run include, exclude and include, comma separated' \
+		--run=1-5,\!1-3,2 <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-inc-neg-inc-comma <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 # skip passing test #1 (--run)
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run exclude and include' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-neg-inc \
+		'--run exclude and include' \
+		--run='"'!3- 5'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-neg-inc <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
 "
+
+test_expect_success '--run empty selectors' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-empty-sel \
+		'--run empty selectors' \
+		--run='1,,3,,,5' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-empty-sel <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run invalid range start' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-range-start \
+		'--run invalid range start' \
+		--run='a-5' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success \"passing test #1\" 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-range-start \
+		<<-\\EOF_OUT 3<<-\\EOF_ERR
+	> FATAL: Unexpected exit with code 1
+	EOF_OUT
+	> error: --run: invalid non-numeric in range start: 'a-5'
+	EOF_ERR
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run invalid range end' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-range-end \
+		'--run invalid range end' \
+		--run='1-z' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success \"passing test #1\" 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-range-end \
+		<<-\\EOF_OUT 3<<-\\EOF_ERR
+	> FATAL: Unexpected exit with code 1
+	EOF_OUT
+	> error: --run: invalid non-numeric in range end: '1-z'
+	EOF_ERR
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run invalid selector' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-selector \
+		'--run invalid selector' \
+		--run='1?' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success \"passing test #1\" 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-selector \
+		<<-\\EOF_OUT 3<<-\\EOF_ERR
+	> FATAL: Unexpected exit with code 1
+	EOF_OUT
+	> error: --run: invalid non-numeric in test selector: '1?'
+	EOF_ERR
+"
+
+
 test_set_prereq HAVEIT
 haveit=no
 test_expect_success HAVEIT 'test runs if prerequisite is satisfied' '
-    test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
-    haveit=yes
+	test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
+	haveit=yes
 '
 donthaveit=yes
 test_expect_success DONTHAVEIT 'unmet prerequisite causes test to be skipped' '
-    donthaveit=no
+	donthaveit=no
 '
 if test $haveit$donthaveit != yesyes
 then
@@ -107,17 +706,17 @@ fi
 test_set_prereq HAVETHIS
 haveit=no
 test_expect_success HAVETHIS,HAVEIT 'test runs if prerequisites are satisfied' '
-    test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
-    test_have_prereq HAVETHIS &&
-    haveit=yes
+	test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
+	test_have_prereq HAVETHIS &&
+	haveit=yes
 '
 donthaveit=yes
 test_expect_success HAVEIT,DONTHAVEIT 'unmet prerequisites causes test to be skipped' '
-    donthaveit=no
+	donthaveit=no
 '
 donthaveiteither=yes
 test_expect_success DONTHAVEIT,HAVEIT 'unmet prerequisites causes test to be skipped' '
-    donthaveiteither=no
+	donthaveiteither=no
 '
 if test $haveit$donthaveit$donthaveiteither != yesyesyes
 then
@@ -125,258 +724,265 @@ then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-clean=no
-test_expect_success 'tests clean up after themselves' '
-    test_when_finished clean=yes
+test_lazy_prereq LAZY_TRUE true
+havetrue=no
+test_expect_success LAZY_TRUE 'test runs if lazy prereq is satisfied' '
+	havetrue=yes
+'
+donthavetrue=yes
+test_expect_success !LAZY_TRUE 'missing lazy prereqs skip tests' '
+	donthavetrue=no
 '
 
-if test $clean != yes
+if test "$havetrue$donthavetrue" != yesyes
 then
-	say "bug in test framework: basic cleanup command does not work reliably"
+	say 'bug in test framework: lazy prerequisites do not work'
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
-    mkdir failing-cleanup &&
-    (cd failing-cleanup &&
-    cat >failing-cleanup.sh <<EOF &&
-#!$SHELL_PATH
-
-test_description='Failing tests with cleanup commands'
+test_lazy_prereq LAZY_FALSE false
+nothavefalse=no
+test_expect_success !LAZY_FALSE 'negative lazy prereqs checked' '
+	nothavefalse=yes
+'
+havefalse=yes
+test_expect_success LAZY_FALSE 'missing negative lazy prereqs will skip' '
+	havefalse=no
+'
 
-# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
+if test "$nothavefalse$havefalse" != yesyes
+then
+	say 'bug in test framework: negative lazy prerequisites do not work'
+	exit 1
+fi
 
-test_expect_success 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
-    touch clean-after-failure &&
-    test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
-    (exit 1)
+clean=no
+test_expect_success 'tests clean up after themselves' '
+	test_when_finished clean=yes
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'failure to clean up causes the test to fail' '
-    test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
-'
+if test $clean != yes
+then
+	say "bug in test framework: basic cleanup command does not work reliably"
+	exit 1
+fi
 
-test_done
-EOF
-    chmod +x failing-cleanup.sh &&
-    test_must_fail ./failing-cleanup.sh >out 2>err &&
-    ! test -s err &&
-    ! test -f \"trash directory.failing-cleanup/clean-after-failure\" &&
-sed -e 's/Z$//' -e 's/^> //' >expect <<\EOF &&
-> not ok - 1 tests clean up even after a failure
-> #	Z
-> #	    touch clean-after-failure &&
-> #	    test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
-> #	    (exit 1)
-> #	Z
-> not ok - 2 failure to clean up causes the test to fail
-> #	Z
-> #	    test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
-> #	Z
-> # failed 2 among 2 test(s)
-> 1..2
-EOF
-    test_cmp expect out)
+test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		failing-cleanup 'Failing tests with cleanup commands' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
+		touch clean-after-failure &&
+		test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
+		(exit 1)
+	'
+	test_expect_success 'failure to clean up causes the test to fail' '
+		test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
+	'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-cleanup <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - tests clean up even after a failure
+	> #	Z
+	> #	touch clean-after-failure &&
+	> #	test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
+	> #	(exit 1)
+	> #	Z
+	> not ok 2 - failure to clean up causes the test to fail
+	> #	Z
+	> #	test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
+	> #	Z
+	> # failed 2 among 2 test(s)
+	> 1..2
+	EOF
 "
 
 ################################################################
 # Basics of the basics
 
 # updating a new file without --add should fail.
-test_expect_success 'git update-index without --add should fail adding.' '
-    test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
+test_expect_success 'git update-index without --add should fail adding' '
+	test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
 '
 
 # and with --add it should succeed, even if it is empty (it used to fail).
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index with --add should succeed.' \
-    'git update-index --add should-be-empty'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index with --add should succeed' '
+	git update-index --add should-be-empty
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
-    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
+test_expect_success 'writing tree out with git write-tree' '
+	tree=$(git write-tree)
+'
 
 # we know the shape and contents of the tree and know the object ID for it.
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID of a known tree.' \
-    'test "$tree" = 7bb943559a305bdd6bdee2cef6e5df2413c3d30a'
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID of a known tree' '
+	test "$tree" = 7bb943559a305bdd6bdee2cef6e5df2413c3d30a
+    '
 
 # Removing paths.
-rm -f should-be-empty full-of-directories
-test_expect_success 'git update-index without --remove should fail removing.' '
-    test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
+test_expect_success 'git update-index without --remove should fail removing' '
+	rm -f should-be-empty full-of-directories &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index with --remove should be able to remove.' \
-    'git update-index --remove should-be-empty'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index with --remove should be able to remove' '
+	git update-index --remove should-be-empty
+'
 
 # Empty tree can be written with recent write-tree.
-test_expect_success \
-    'git write-tree should be able to write an empty tree.' \
-    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
+test_expect_success 'git write-tree should be able to write an empty tree' '
+	tree=$(git write-tree)
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID of a known tree.' \
-    'test "$tree" = 4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904'
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID of a known tree' '
+	test "$tree" = 4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+'
 
 # Various types of objects
-# Some filesystems do not support symblic links; on such systems
-# some expected values are different
-mkdir path2 path3 path3/subp3
-paths='path0 path2/file2 path3/file3 path3/subp3/file3'
-for p in $paths
-do
-    echo "hello $p" >$p
-done
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	for p in $paths
-	do
-		ln -s "hello $p" ${p}sym
-	done
-	expectfilter=cat
-	expectedtree=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
-	expectedptree1=21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
-	expectedptree2=3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
-else
-	expectfilter='grep -v sym'
-	expectedtree=8e18edf7d7edcf4371a3ac6ae5f07c2641db7c46
-	expectedptree1=cfb8591b2f65de8b8cc1020cd7d9e67e7793b325
-	expectedptree2=ce580448f0148b985a513b693fdf7d802cacb44f
-fi
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'adding various types of objects with git update-index --add.' \
-    'find path* ! -type d -print | xargs git update-index --add'
+test_expect_success 'adding various types of objects with git update-index --add' '
+	mkdir path2 path3 path3/subp3 &&
+	paths="path0 path2/file2 path3/file3 path3/subp3/file3" &&
+	(
+		for p in $paths
+		do
+			echo "hello $p" >$p || exit 1
+			test_ln_s_add "hello $p" ${p}sym || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	find path* ! -type d -print | xargs git update-index --add
+'
 
 # Show them and see that matches what we expect.
-test_expect_success \
-    'showing stage with git ls-files --stage' \
-    'git ls-files --stage >current'
-
-$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
-100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0	path0
-120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0	path0sym
-100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0	path2/file2
-120000 d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38 0	path2/file2sym
-100644 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376 0	path3/file3
-120000 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f 0	path3/file3sym
-100644 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f 0	path3/subp3/file3
-120000 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c 0	path3/subp3/file3sym
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files output for a known tree.' \
-    'test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing tree out with git write-tree.' \
-    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
-    'test "$tree" = "$expectedtree"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'showing tree with git ls-tree' \
-    'git ls-tree $tree >current'
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
-120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
-040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
-040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
-EOF
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git ls-tree output for a known tree.' \
-    'test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'showing stage with git ls-files --stage' '
+	git ls-files --stage >current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate git ls-files output for a known tree' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0	path0
+	120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0	path0sym
+	100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0	path2/file2
+	120000 d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38 0	path2/file2sym
+	100644 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376 0	path3/file3
+	120000 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f 0	path3/file3sym
+	100644 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f 0	path3/subp3/file3
+	120000 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c 0	path3/subp3/file3sym
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing tree out with git write-tree' '
+	tree=$(git write-tree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
+	test "$tree" = 087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree' '
+    git ls-tree $tree >current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree output for a known tree' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+	040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
+	040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
 # This changed in ls-tree pathspec change -- recursive does
 # not show tree nodes anymore.
-test_expect_success \
-    'showing tree with git ls-tree -r' \
-    'git ls-tree -r $tree >current'
-$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
-100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
-120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
-100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
-120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
-100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
-120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
-100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
-120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree.' \
-    'test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree -r' '
+	git ls-tree -r $tree >current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+	100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
+	120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
+	100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
+	120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
+	100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
+	120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
 # But with -r -t we can have both.
-test_expect_success \
-    'showing tree with git ls-tree -r -t' \
-    'git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current'
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
-120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
-040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
-100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
-120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
-040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
-100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
-120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
-040000 tree 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2	path3/subp3
-100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
-120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
-EOF
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree.' \
-    'test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix.' \
-    'ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3)'
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
-    'test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree1"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix.' \
-    'ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3/subp3)'
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
-    'test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree2"'
-
-cat >badobjects <<EOF
-100644 blob 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file1
-100644 blob 2000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file2
-100644 blob 3000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file3
-100644 blob 4000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file4
-100644 blob 5000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file5
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree -r -t' '
+	git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+	040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
+	100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
+	120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
+	040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
+	100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
+	120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
+	040000 tree 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2	path3/subp3
+	100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
+	120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
-rm .git/index
-test_expect_success \
-    'put invalid objects into the index.' \
-    'git update-index --index-info < badobjects'
+test_expect_success 'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix' '
+	ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
+	test "$ptree" = 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix' '
+	ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3/subp3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
+	test "$ptree" = 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put invalid objects into the index' '
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	cat >badobjects <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file1
+	100644 blob 2000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file2
+	100644 blob 3000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file3
+	100644 blob 4000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file4
+	100644 blob 5000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file5
+	EOF
+	git update-index --index-info <badobjects
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'writing this tree without --missing-ok.' '
-    test_must_fail git write-tree
+test_expect_success 'writing this tree without --missing-ok' '
+	test_must_fail git write-tree
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing this tree with --missing-ok.' \
-    'git write-tree --missing-ok'
+test_expect_success 'writing this tree with --missing-ok' '
+	git write-tree --missing-ok
+'
 
 
 ################################################################
-rm .git/index
-test_expect_success \
-    'git read-tree followed by write-tree should be idempotent.' \
-    'git read-tree $tree &&
-     test -f .git/index &&
-     newtree=$(git write-tree) &&
-     test "$newtree" = "$tree"'
-
-$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
+test_expect_success 'git read-tree followed by write-tree should be idempotent' '
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git read-tree $tree &&
+	test -f .git/index &&
+	newtree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test "$newtree" = "$tree"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate git diff-files output for a know cache/work tree state' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 :100644 100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0
 :120000 120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0sym
 :100644 100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path2/file2
@@ -386,45 +992,47 @@ $expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
 :100644 100644 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path3/subp3/file3
 :120000 120000 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path3/subp3/file3sym
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git diff-files output for a know cache/work tree state.' \
-    'git diff-files >current && test_cmp current expected >/dev/null'
+	git diff-files >current &&
+	test_cmp current expected
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index --refresh should succeed.' \
-    'git update-index --refresh'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index --refresh should succeed' '
+	git update-index --refresh
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'no diff after checkout and git update-index --refresh.' \
-    'git diff-files >current && cmp -s current /dev/null'
+test_expect_success 'no diff after checkout and git update-index --refresh' '
+	git diff-files >current &&
+	cmp -s current /dev/null
+'
 
 ################################################################
-P=$expectedtree
-test_expect_success \
-    'git commit-tree records the correct tree in a commit.' \
-    'commit0=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P) &&
-     tree=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit0 |
-	 sed -n -e "s/^tree //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
-     test "z$tree" = "z$P"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git commit-tree records the correct parent in a commit.' \
-    'commit1=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0) &&
-     parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit1 |
-	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
-     test "z$commit0" = "z$parent"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git commit-tree omits duplicated parent in a commit.' \
-    'commit2=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0 -p $commit0) &&
-     parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
-	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
-	 sort -u) &&
-     test "z$commit0" = "z$parent" &&
-     numparent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
-	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
-	 wc -l) &&
-     test $numparent = 1'
+P=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit-tree records the correct tree in a commit' '
+	commit0=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P) &&
+	tree=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit0 |
+		 sed -n -e "s/^tree //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
+	test "z$tree" = "z$P"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit-tree records the correct parent in a commit' '
+	commit1=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0) &&
+	parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit1 |
+		sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
+	test "z$commit0" = "z$parent"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit-tree omits duplicated parent in a commit' '
+	commit2=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0 -p $commit0) &&
+	     parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
+		sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
+		sort -u) &&
+	test "z$commit0" = "z$parent" &&
+	numparent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
+		sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
+		wc -l) &&
+	test $numparent = 1
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index D/F conflict' '
 	mv path0 tmp &&
@@ -435,24 +1043,6 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index D/F conflict' '
 	test $numpath0 = 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'real path works as expected' '
-	mkdir first &&
-	ln -s ../.git first/.git &&
-	mkdir second &&
-	ln -s ../first second/other &&
-	mkdir third &&
-	dir="$(cd .git; pwd -P)" &&
-	dir2=third/../second/other/.git &&
-	test "$dir" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2)" &&
-	file="$dir"/index &&
-	test "$file" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2/index)" &&
-	basename=blub &&
-	test "$dir/$basename" = "$(cd .git && test-path-utils real_path "$basename")" &&
-	ln -s ../first/file .git/syml &&
-	sym="$(cd first; pwd -P)"/file &&
-	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$dir2/syml")"
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'very long name in the index handled sanely' '
 
 	a=a && # 1
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index ad66410564..a6fdd5ef3a 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -12,8 +12,15 @@ check_config () {
 		echo "expected a directory $1, a file $1/config and $1/refs"
 		return 1
 	fi
-	bare=$(GIT_CONFIG="$1/config" git config --bool core.bare)
-	worktree=$(GIT_CONFIG="$1/config" git config core.worktree) ||
+
+	if test_have_prereq POSIXPERM && test -x "$1/config"
+	then
+		echo "$1/config is executable?"
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	bare=$(cd "$1" && git config --bool core.bare)
+	worktree=$(cd "$1" && git config core.worktree) ||
 	worktree=unset
 
 	test "$bare" = "$2" && test "$worktree" = "$3" || {
@@ -24,18 +31,12 @@ check_config () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'plain' '
-	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
-		mkdir plain &&
-		cd plain &&
-		git init
-	) &&
+	git init plain &&
 	check_config plain/.git false unset
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain nested in bare' '
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		git init --bare bare-ancestor.git &&
 		cd bare-ancestor.git &&
 		mkdir plain-nested &&
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ test_expect_success 'plain nested in bare' '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain through aliased command, outside any git repo' '
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		HOME=$(pwd)/alias-config &&
 		export HOME &&
 		mkdir alias-config &&
@@ -63,9 +63,8 @@ test_expect_success 'plain through aliased command, outside any git repo' '
 	check_config plain-aliased/.git false unset
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'plain nested through aliased command' '
+test_expect_success 'plain nested through aliased command' '
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		git init plain-ancestor-aliased &&
 		cd plain-ancestor-aliased &&
 		echo "[alias] aliasedinit = init" >>.git/config &&
@@ -76,9 +75,8 @@ test_expect_failure 'plain nested through aliased command' '
 	check_config plain-ancestor-aliased/plain-nested/.git false unset
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'plain nested in bare through aliased command' '
+test_expect_success 'plain nested in bare through aliased command' '
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		git init --bare bare-ancestor-aliased.git &&
 		cd bare-ancestor-aliased.git &&
 		echo "[alias] aliasedinit = init" >>config &&
@@ -89,67 +87,52 @@ test_expect_failure 'plain nested in bare through aliased command' '
 	check_config bare-ancestor-aliased.git/plain-nested/.git false unset
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'No extra GIT_* on alias scripts' '
+	write_script script <<-\EOF &&
+	env |
+		sed -n \
+			-e "/^GIT_PREFIX=/d" \
+			-e "/^GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR=/d" \
+			-e "/^GIT_/s/=.*//p" |
+		sort
+	EOF
+	./script >expected &&
+	git config alias.script \!./script &&
+	( mkdir sub && cd sub && git script >../actual ) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'plain with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
-	if (
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR &&
-		mkdir plain-wt &&
-		cd plain-wt &&
-		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) git init
-	)
-	then
-		echo Should have failed -- GIT_WORK_TREE should not be used
-		false
-	fi
+	mkdir plain-wt &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)/plain-wt" git init plain-wt
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain bare' '
-	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir plain-bare-1 &&
-		cd plain-bare-1 &&
-		git --bare init
-	) &&
+	git --bare init plain-bare-1 &&
 	check_config plain-bare-1 true unset
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain bare with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
-	if (
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir plain-bare-2 &&
-		cd plain-bare-2 &&
-		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) git --bare init
-	)
-	then
-		echo Should have failed -- GIT_WORK_TREE should not be used
-		false
-	fi
+	mkdir plain-bare-2 &&
+	test_must_fail \
+		env GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)/plain-bare-2" \
+		git --bare init plain-bare-2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR bare' '
-
-	(
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir git-dir-bare.git &&
-		GIT_DIR=git-dir-bare.git git init
-	) &&
+	mkdir git-dir-bare.git &&
+	GIT_DIR=git-dir-bare.git git init &&
 	check_config git-dir-bare.git true unset
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init --bare' '
-
-	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir init-bare.git &&
-		cd init-bare.git &&
-		git init --bare
-	) &&
+	git init --bare init-bare.git &&
 	check_config init-bare.git true unset
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR non-bare' '
 
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir non-bare &&
 		cd non-bare &&
 		GIT_DIR=.git git init
@@ -160,7 +143,6 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR non-bare' '
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (1)' '
 
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir git-dir-wt-1.git &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-1.git git init
 	) &&
@@ -168,23 +150,16 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (1)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (2)' '
-
-	if (
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir git-dir-wt-2.git &&
-		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-2.git git --bare init
-	)
-	then
-		echo Should have failed -- --bare should not be used
-		false
-	fi
+	mkdir git-dir-wt-2.git &&
+	test_must_fail env \
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" \
+		GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-2.git \
+		git --bare init
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reinit' '
 
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
-
 		mkdir again &&
 		cd again &&
 		git init >out1 2>err1 &&
@@ -200,35 +175,22 @@ test_expect_success 'reinit' '
 test_expect_success 'init with --template' '
 	mkdir template-source &&
 	echo content >template-source/file &&
-	(
-		mkdir template-custom &&
-		cd template-custom &&
-		git init --template=../template-source
-	) &&
+	git init --template=../template-source template-custom &&
 	test_cmp template-source/file template-custom/.git/file
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init with --template (blank)' '
-	(
-		mkdir template-plain &&
-		cd template-plain &&
-		git init
-	) &&
-	test -f template-plain/.git/info/exclude &&
-	(
-		mkdir template-blank &&
-		cd template-blank &&
-		git init --template=
-	) &&
-	! test -f template-blank/.git/info/exclude
+	git init template-plain &&
+	test_path_is_file template-plain/.git/info/exclude &&
+	git init --template= template-blank &&
+	test_path_is_missing template-blank/.git/info/exclude
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init with init.templatedir set' '
 	mkdir templatedir-source &&
 	echo Content >templatedir-source/file &&
+	test_config_global init.templatedir "${HOME}/templatedir-source" &&
 	(
-		test_config="${HOME}/.gitconfig" &&
-		git config -f "$test_config"  init.templatedir "${HOME}/templatedir-source" &&
 		mkdir templatedir-set &&
 		cd templatedir-set &&
 		sane_unset GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR &&
@@ -240,78 +202,55 @@ test_expect_success 'init with init.templatedir set' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init --bare/--shared overrides system/global config' '
-	(
-		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
-		git config -f "$test_config" core.bare false &&
-		git config -f "$test_config" core.sharedRepository 0640 &&
-		mkdir init-bare-shared-override &&
-		cd init-bare-shared-override &&
-		git init --bare --shared=0666
-	) &&
+	test_config_global core.bare false &&
+	test_config_global core.sharedRepository 0640 &&
+	git init --bare --shared=0666 init-bare-shared-override &&
 	check_config init-bare-shared-override true unset &&
 	test x0666 = \
-	x`git config -f init-bare-shared-override/config core.sharedRepository`
+	x$(git config -f init-bare-shared-override/config core.sharedRepository)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init honors global core.sharedRepository' '
-	(
-		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
-		git config -f "$test_config" core.sharedRepository 0666 &&
-		mkdir shared-honor-global &&
-		cd shared-honor-global &&
-		git init
-	) &&
+	test_config_global core.sharedRepository 0666 &&
+	git init shared-honor-global &&
 	test x0666 = \
-	x`git config -f shared-honor-global/.git/config core.sharedRepository`
+	x$(git config -f shared-honor-global/.git/config core.sharedRepository)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'init rejects insanely long --template' '
-	(
-		insane=$(printf "x%09999dx" 1) &&
-		mkdir test &&
-		cd test &&
-		test_must_fail git init --template=$insane
-	)
+test_expect_success 'init allows insanely long --template' '
+	git init --template=$(printf "x%09999dx" 1) test
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init creates a new directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		git init newdir &&
-		test -d newdir/.git/refs
-	)
+	git init newdir &&
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/.git/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init creates a new bare directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		git init --bare newdir &&
-		test -d newdir/refs
-	)
+	git init --bare newdir &&
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init recreates a directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		mkdir newdir &&
-		git init newdir &&
-		test -d newdir/.git/refs
-	)
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	git init newdir &&
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/.git/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init recreates a new bare directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		mkdir newdir &&
-		git init --bare newdir &&
-		test -d newdir/refs
-	)
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	git init --bare newdir &&
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init creates a new deep directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
 	git init newdir/a/b/c &&
-	test -d newdir/a/b/c/.git/refs
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/a/b/c/.git/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'init creates a new deep directory (umask vs. shared)' '
@@ -321,7 +260,7 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'init creates a new deep directory (umask vs. shar
 		# the repository itself should follow "shared"
 		umask 002 &&
 		git init --bare --shared=0660 newdir/a/b/c &&
-		test -d newdir/a/b/c/refs &&
+		test_path_is_dir newdir/a/b/c/refs &&
 		ls -ld newdir/a newdir/a/b > lsab.out &&
 		! grep -v "^drwxrw[sx]r-x" lsab.out &&
 		ls -ld newdir/a/b/c > lsc.out &&
@@ -331,52 +270,50 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'init creates a new deep directory (umask vs. shar
 
 test_expect_success 'init notices EEXIST (1)' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		>newdir &&
-		test_must_fail git init newdir &&
-		test -f newdir
-	)
+	>newdir &&
+	test_must_fail git init newdir &&
+	test_path_is_file newdir
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init notices EEXIST (2)' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		mkdir newdir &&
-		>newdir/a
-		test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b &&
-		test -f newdir/a
-	)
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	>newdir/a &&
+	test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b &&
+	test_path_is_file newdir/a
 '
 
 test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'init notices EPERM' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		mkdir newdir &&
-		chmod -w newdir &&
-		test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b
-	)
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	chmod -w newdir &&
+	test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init creates a new bare directory with global --bare' '
 	rm -rf newdir &&
 	git --bare init newdir &&
-	test -d newdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init prefers command line to GIT_DIR' '
 	rm -rf newdir &&
 	mkdir otherdir &&
 	GIT_DIR=otherdir git --bare init newdir &&
-	test -d newdir/refs &&
-	! test -d otherdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/refs &&
+	test_path_is_missing otherdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init with separate gitdir' '
 	rm -rf newdir &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir realgitdir newdir &&
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
-	test -d realgitdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 're-init on .git file' '
+	( cd newdir && git init )
 '
 
 test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
@@ -384,10 +321,10 @@ test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
 	cd newdir &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir ../surrealgitdir
 	) &&
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/surrealgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/surrealgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
-	test -d surrealgitdir/refs &&
-	! test -d realgitdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir surrealgitdir/refs &&
+	test_path_is_missing realgitdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 're-init to move gitdir' '
@@ -397,9 +334,9 @@ test_expect_success 're-init to move gitdir' '
 	cd newdir &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir
 	) &&
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
-	test -d realgitdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 're-init to move gitdir symlink' '
@@ -411,10 +348,40 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 're-init to move gitdir symlink' '
 	ln -s here .git &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir
 	) &&
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
-	test -d realgitdir/refs &&
-	! test -d newdir/here
+	test_cmp expected newdir/here &&
+	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
+'
+
+# Tests for the hidden file attribute on windows
+is_hidden () {
+	# Use the output of `attrib`, ignore the absolute path
+	case "$(attrib "$1")" in *H*?:*) return 0;; esac
+	return 1
+}
+
+test_expect_success MINGW '.git hidden' '
+	rm -rf newdir &&
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE
+		mkdir newdir &&
+		cd newdir &&
+		git init &&
+		is_hidden .git
+	) &&
+	check_config newdir/.git false unset
+'
+
+test_expect_success MINGW 'bare git dir not hidden' '
+	rm -rf newdir &&
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG
+		mkdir newdir &&
+		cd newdir &&
+		git --bare init
+	) &&
+	! is_hidden newdir
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0002-gitfile.sh b/t/t0002-gitfile.sh
index cb144258cc..9670e8cbe6 100755
--- a/t/t0002-gitfile.sh
+++ b/t/t0002-gitfile.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Verify that plumbing commands work when .git is a file
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 objpath() {
-    echo "$1" | sed -e 's|\(..\)|\1/|'
+	echo "$1" | sed -e 's|\(..\)|\1/|'
 }
 
 objck() {
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ objck() {
 	fi
 }
 
-
 test_expect_success 'initial setup' '
 	REAL="$(pwd)/.real" &&
 	mv .git "$REAL"
@@ -100,4 +99,63 @@ test_expect_success 'check rev-list' '
 	test "$SHA" = "$(git rev-list HEAD)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup_git_dir twice in subdir' '
+	git init sgd &&
+	(
+		cd sgd &&
+		git config alias.lsfi ls-files &&
+		mv .git .realgit &&
+		echo "gitdir: .realgit" >.git &&
+		mkdir subdir &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		>foo &&
+		git add foo &&
+		git lsfi >actual &&
+		echo foo >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enter_repo non-strict mode' '
+	test_create_repo enter_repo &&
+	(
+		cd enter_repo &&
+		test_tick &&
+		test_commit foo &&
+		mv .git .realgit &&
+		echo "gitdir: .realgit" >.git
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote enter_repo >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	HEAD
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	refs/heads/master
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	refs/tags/foo
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enter_repo linked checkout' '
+	(
+		cd enter_repo &&
+		git worktree add  ../foo refs/tags/foo
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote foo >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	HEAD
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	refs/heads/master
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	refs/tags/foo
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enter_repo strict mode' '
+	git ls-remote --upload-pack="git upload-pack --strict" foo/.git >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	HEAD
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	refs/heads/master
+	946e985ab20de757ca5b872b16d64e92ff3803a9	refs/tags/foo
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
index dbb2623d93..f0fbb42554 100755
--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ attr_check () {
 	test_line_count = 0 err
 }
 
-
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	mkdir -p a/b/d a/c b &&
 	(
@@ -123,16 +122,6 @@ test_expect_success 'attribute matching is case insensitive when core.ignorecase
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'check whether FS is case-insensitive' '
-	mkdir junk &&
-	echo good >junk/CamelCase &&
-	echo bad >junk/camelcase &&
-	if test "$(cat junk/CamelCase)" != good
-	then
-		test_set_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
-	fi
-'
-
 test_expect_success CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS 'additional case insensitivity tests' '
 	test_must_fail attr_check a/B/D/g "a/b/d/*" "-c core.ignorecase=0" &&
 	test_must_fail attr_check A/B/D/NO "a/b/d/*" "-c core.ignorecase=0" &&
@@ -159,6 +148,16 @@ test_expect_success 'relative paths' '
 	(cd b && attr_check ../a/b/g a/b/g)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prefixes are not confused with leading directories' '
+	attr_check a_plus/g unspecified &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	a/g: test: a/g
+	a_plus/g: test: unspecified
+	EOF
+	git check-attr test a/g a_plus/g >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'core.attributesfile' '
 	attr_check global unspecified &&
 	git config core.attributesfile "$HOME/global-gitattributes" &&
@@ -196,40 +195,106 @@ test_expect_success 'root subdir attribute test' '
 	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'negative patterns' '
+	echo "!f test=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr test -- '"'"'!f'"'"' 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Negative patterns are ignored" errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patterns starting with exclamation' '
+	echo "\!f test=foo" >.gitattributes &&
+	attr_check "!f" foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" test' '
+	echo "**/f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: bar
+a/b/f: foo: bar
+a/b/c/f: foo: bar
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" with no slashes test' '
+	echo "a**f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: unspecified
+af: foo: bar
+axf: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/c/f: foo: unspecified
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "af" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "axf" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using --git-dir and --work-tree' '
+	mkdir unreal real &&
+	git init real &&
+	echo "file test=in-real" >real/.gitattributes &&
+	(
+		cd unreal &&
+		attr_check file in-real "--git-dir ../real/.git --work-tree ../real"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup bare' '
-	git clone --bare . bare.git &&
-	cd bare.git
+	git clone --bare . bare.git
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bare repository: check that .gitattribute is ignored' '
 	(
-		echo "f	test=f"
-		echo "a/i test=a/i"
-	) >.gitattributes &&
-	attr_check f unspecified &&
-	attr_check a/f unspecified &&
-	attr_check a/c/f unspecified &&
-	attr_check a/i unspecified &&
-	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+		cd bare.git &&
+		(
+			echo "f	test=f"
+			echo "a/i test=a/i"
+		) >.gitattributes &&
+		attr_check f unspecified &&
+		attr_check a/f unspecified &&
+		attr_check a/c/f unspecified &&
+		attr_check a/i unspecified &&
+		attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bare repository: check that --cached honors index' '
-	GIT_INDEX_FILE=../.git/index \
-	git check-attr --cached --stdin --all <../stdin-all |
-	sort >actual &&
-	test_cmp ../specified-all actual
+	(
+		cd bare.git &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=../.git/index \
+		git check-attr --cached --stdin --all <../stdin-all |
+		sort >actual &&
+		test_cmp ../specified-all actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bare repository: test info/attributes' '
 	(
-		echo "f	test=f"
-		echo "a/i test=a/i"
-	) >info/attributes &&
-	attr_check f f &&
-	attr_check a/f f &&
-	attr_check a/c/f f &&
-	attr_check a/i a/i &&
-	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+		cd bare.git &&
+		(
+			echo "f	test=f"
+			echo "a/i test=a/i"
+		) >info/attributes &&
+		attr_check f f &&
+		attr_check a/f f &&
+		attr_check a/c/f f &&
+		attr_check a/i a/i &&
+		attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0005-signals.sh b/t/t0005-signals.sh
index 93e58c00e8..e7f27ebbc1 100755
--- a/t/t0005-signals.sh
+++ b/t/t0005-signals.sh
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ one
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'sigchain works' '
-	test-sigchain >actual
-	case "$?" in
+	{ test-sigchain >actual; ret=$?; } &&
+	case "$ret" in
 	143) true ;; # POSIX w/ SIGTERM=15
 	271) true ;; # ksh w/ SIGTERM=15
 	  3) true ;; # Windows
@@ -20,4 +20,33 @@ test_expect_success 'sigchain works' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'signals are propagated using shell convention' '
+	# we use exec here to avoid any sub-shell interpretation
+	# of the exit code
+	git config alias.sigterm "!exec test-sigchain" &&
+	test_expect_code 143 git sigterm
+'
+
+large_git () {
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 100)
+	do
+		git diff --cached --binary || return
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'create blob' '
+	test-genrandom foo 16384 >file &&
+	git add file
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'a constipated git dies with SIGPIPE' '
+	OUT=$( ((large_git; echo $? 1>&3) | :) 3>&1 ) &&
+	test "$OUT" -eq 141
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'a constipated git dies with SIGPIPE even if parent ignores it' '
+	OUT=$( ((trap "" PIPE; large_git; echo $? 1>&3) | :) 3>&1 ) &&
+	test "$OUT" -eq 141
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0006-date.sh b/t/t0006-date.sh
index 1d29810a7a..04ce53509c 100755
--- a/t/t0006-date.sh
+++ b/t/t0006-date.sh
@@ -6,26 +6,52 @@ test_description='test date parsing and printing'
 # arbitrary reference time: 2009-08-30 19:20:00
 TEST_DATE_NOW=1251660000; export TEST_DATE_NOW
 
-check_show() {
+check_relative() {
 	t=$(($TEST_DATE_NOW - $1))
 	echo "$t -> $2" >expect
 	test_expect_${3:-success} "relative date ($2)" "
-	test-date show $t >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test-date relative $t >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 	"
 }
 
-check_show 5 '5 seconds ago'
-check_show 300 '5 minutes ago'
-check_show 18000 '5 hours ago'
-check_show 432000 '5 days ago'
-check_show 1728000 '3 weeks ago'
-check_show 13000000 '5 months ago'
-check_show 37500000 '1 year, 2 months ago'
-check_show 55188000 '1 year, 9 months ago'
-check_show 630000000 '20 years ago'
-check_show 31449600 '12 months ago'
-check_show 62985600 '2 years ago'
+check_relative 5 '5 seconds ago'
+check_relative 300 '5 minutes ago'
+check_relative 18000 '5 hours ago'
+check_relative 432000 '5 days ago'
+check_relative 1728000 '3 weeks ago'
+check_relative 13000000 '5 months ago'
+check_relative 37500000 '1 year, 2 months ago'
+check_relative 55188000 '1 year, 9 months ago'
+check_relative 630000000 '20 years ago'
+check_relative 31449600 '12 months ago'
+check_relative 62985600 '2 years ago'
+
+check_show () {
+	format=$1
+	time=$2
+	expect=$3
+	test_expect_${4:-success} "show date ($format:$time)" '
+		echo "$time -> $expect" >expect &&
+		test-date show:$format "$time" >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+}
+
+# arbitrary but sensible time for examples
+TIME='1466000000 +0200'
+check_show iso8601 "$TIME" '2016-06-15 16:13:20 +0200'
+check_show iso8601-strict "$TIME" '2016-06-15T16:13:20+02:00'
+check_show rfc2822 "$TIME" 'Wed, 15 Jun 2016 16:13:20 +0200'
+check_show short "$TIME" '2016-06-15'
+check_show default "$TIME" 'Wed Jun 15 16:13:20 2016 +0200'
+check_show raw "$TIME" '1466000000 +0200'
+check_show iso-local "$TIME" '2016-06-15 14:13:20 +0000'
+
+# arbitrary time absurdly far in the future
+FUTURE="5758122296 -0400"
+check_show iso       "$FUTURE" "2152-06-19 18:24:56 -0400"
+check_show iso-local "$FUTURE" "2152-06-19 22:24:56 +0000"
 
 check_parse() {
 	echo "$1 -> $2" >expect
@@ -82,4 +108,7 @@ check_approxidate 'Jun 6, 5AM' '2009-06-06 05:00:00'
 check_approxidate '5AM Jun 6' '2009-06-06 05:00:00'
 check_approxidate '6AM, June 7, 2009' '2009-06-07 06:00:00'
 
+check_approxidate '2008-12-01' '2008-12-01 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate '2009-12-01' '2009-12-01 19:20:00'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0007-git-var.sh b/t/t0007-git-var.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5868a87352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0007-git-var.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic sanity checks for git var'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'get GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE" >expect &&
+	git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'requested identites are strict' '
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+		test_must_fail git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
+	)
+'
+
+# For git var -l, we check only a representative variable;
+# testing the whole output would make our test too brittle with
+# respect to unrelated changes in the test suite's environment.
+test_expect_success 'git var -l lists variables' '
+	git var -l >actual &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	sed -n s/GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT=//p <actual >actual.author &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.author
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git var -l lists config' '
+	git var -l >actual &&
+	echo false >expect &&
+	sed -n s/core\\.bare=//p <actual >actual.bare &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.bare
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing and asking for variables are exclusive' '
+	test_must_fail git var -l GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0008-ignores.sh b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b425f3a0d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,844 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description=check-ignore
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+init_vars () {
+	global_excludes="global-excludes"
+}
+
+enable_global_excludes () {
+	init_vars &&
+	git config core.excludesfile "$global_excludes"
+}
+
+expect_in () {
+	dest="$HOME/expected-$1" text="$2"
+	if test -z "$text"
+	then
+		>"$dest" # avoid newline
+	else
+		echo "$text" >"$dest"
+	fi
+}
+
+expect () {
+	expect_in stdout "$1"
+}
+
+expect_from_stdin () {
+	cat >"$HOME/expected-stdout"
+}
+
+test_stderr () {
+	expected="$1"
+	expect_in stderr "$1" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stderr" "$HOME/stderr"
+}
+
+broken_c_unquote () {
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 's/^"//; s/\\//; s/"$//; tr/\n/\0/' "$@"
+}
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose () {
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 's/	"/	/; s/\\//; s/"$//; tr/:\t\n/\0/' "$@"
+}
+
+stderr_contains () {
+	regexp="$1"
+	if grep "$regexp" "$HOME/stderr"
+	then
+		return 0
+	else
+		echo "didn't find /$regexp/ in $HOME/stderr"
+		cat "$HOME/stderr"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+stderr_empty_on_success () {
+	expect_code="$1"
+	if test $expect_code = 0
+	then
+		test_stderr ""
+	else
+		# If we expect failure then stderr might or might not be empty
+		# due to --quiet - the caller can check its contents
+		return 0
+	fi
+}
+
+test_check_ignore () {
+	args="$1" expect_code="${2:-0}" global_args="$3"
+
+	init_vars &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stdout" "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $non_matching_opt $no_index_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo "$expect_code" >"$HOME/expected-exit-code" &&
+	test_expect_code "$expect_code" \
+		git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $non_matching_opt $no_index_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/stdout" 2>"$HOME/stderr" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stdout" "$HOME/stdout" &&
+	stderr_empty_on_success "$expect_code"
+}
+
+# Runs the same code with 4 different levels of output verbosity:
+#
+#   1. with -q / --quiet
+#   2. with default verbosity
+#   3. with -v / --verbose
+#   4. with -v / --verbose, *and* -n / --non-matching
+#
+# expecting success each time.  Takes advantage of the fact that
+# check-ignore --verbose output is the same as normal output except
+# for the extra first column.
+#
+# A parameter is used to determine if the tests are run with the
+# normal case (using the index), or with the --no-index option.
+#
+# Arguments:
+#   - (optional) prereqs for this test, e.g. 'SYMLINKS'
+#   - test name
+#   - output to expect from the fourth verbosity mode (the output
+#     from the other verbosity modes is automatically inferred
+#     from this value)
+#   - code to run (should invoke test_check_ignore)
+#   - index option: --index or --no-index
+test_expect_success_multiple () {
+	prereq=
+	if test $# -eq 5
+	then
+		prereq=$1
+		shift
+	fi
+	if test "$4" = "--index"
+	then
+		no_index_opt=
+	else
+		no_index_opt=$4
+	fi
+	testname="$1" expect_all="$2" code="$3"
+
+	expect_verbose=$( echo "$expect_all" | grep -v '^::	' )
+	expect=$( echo "$expect_verbose" | sed -e 's/.*	//' )
+
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${no_index_opt:+ with $no_index_opt}" '
+		expect "$expect" &&
+		eval "$code"
+	'
+
+	# --quiet is only valid when a single pattern is passed
+	if test $( echo "$expect_all" | wc -l ) = 1
+	then
+		for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+		do
+			opts="${no_index_opt:+$no_index_opt }$quiet_opt"
+			test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${opts:+ with $opts}" "
+			expect '' &&
+			$code
+		"
+		done
+		quiet_opt=
+	fi
+
+	for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+	do
+		for non_matching_opt in '' '-n' '--non-matching'
+		do
+			if test -n "$non_matching_opt"
+			then
+				my_expect="$expect_all"
+			else
+				my_expect="$expect_verbose"
+			fi
+
+			test_code="
+				expect '$my_expect' &&
+				$code
+			"
+			opts="${no_index_opt:+$no_index_opt }$verbose_opt${non_matching_opt:+ $non_matching_opt}"
+			test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${opts:+ with $opts}" "$test_code"
+		done
+	done
+	verbose_opt=
+	non_matching_opt=
+	no_index_opt=
+}
+
+test_expect_success_multi () {
+	test_expect_success_multiple "$@" "--index"
+}
+
+test_expect_success_no_index_multi () {
+	test_expect_success_multiple "$@" "--no-index"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	init_vars &&
+	mkdir -p a/b/ignored-dir a/submodule b &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s b a/symlink
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd a/submodule &&
+		git init &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m"commit in submodule"
+	) &&
+	git add a/submodule &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >.gitignore &&
+		one
+		ignored-*
+		top-level-dir/
+	EOF
+	for dir in . a
+	do
+		: >$dir/not-ignored &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-and-untracked &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-but-in-index
+	done &&
+	git add -f ignored-but-in-index a/ignored-but-in-index &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/.gitignore &&
+		two*
+		*three
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/b/.gitignore &&
+		four
+		five
+		# this comment should affect the line numbers
+		six
+		ignored-dir/
+		# and so should this blank line:
+
+		!on*
+		!two
+	EOF
+	echo "seven" >a/b/ignored-dir/.gitignore &&
+	test -n "$HOME" &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >"$global_excludes" &&
+		globalone
+		!globaltwo
+		globalthree
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >>.git/info/exclude
+		per-repo
+	EOF
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test invalid inputs
+
+test_expect_success_multi '. corner-case' '::	.' '
+	test_check_ignore . 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'empty command line' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with empty STDIN' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" 1 </dev/null &&
+	test_stderr ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-q with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+do
+	for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+	do
+		test_expect_success "$quiet_opt $verbose_opt" "
+			expect '' &&
+			test_check_ignore '$quiet_opt $verbose_opt foo' 128 &&
+			stderr_contains 'fatal: cannot have both --quiet and --verbose'
+		"
+	done
+done
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'erroneous use of --' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin -z with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin -z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin and superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'needs work tree' '' '
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo" 128
+	) &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: This operation must be run in a work tree"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test standard ignores
+
+# First make sure that the presence of a file in the working tree
+# does not impact results, but that the presence of a file in the
+# index does unless the --no-index option is used.
+
+for subdir in '' 'a/'
+do
+	if test -z "$subdir"
+	then
+		where="at top-level"
+	else
+		where="in subdir $subdir"
+	fi
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}non-existent" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}non-existent" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}not-ignored" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}not-ignored" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing tracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing tracked file $where shown as ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "mix of file types $where" \
+"::	${subdir}non-existent
+.gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one
+::	${subdir}not-ignored
+::	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '
+			${subdir}non-existent
+			${subdir}one
+			${subdir}not-ignored
+			${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+			${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+		"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "mix of file types $where" \
+"::	${subdir}non-existent
+.gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one
+::	${subdir}not-ignored
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '
+			${subdir}non-existent
+			${subdir}one
+			${subdir}not-ignored
+			${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+			${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+		"
+done
+
+# Having established the above, from now on we mostly test against
+# files which do not exist in the working tree or index.
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore' '
+	expect "a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore with --verbose'  '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--verbose a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory' '
+	expect "3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory with --verbose' '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--verbose 3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'nested include' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/one"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test ignored sub-directories
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'ignored sub-directory' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		foo
+		twoooo
+		../one
+		seven
+		../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	../one
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	seven
+		.gitignore:1:one	../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "-v foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of symlinks
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'symlink' '::	a/symlink' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink/foo" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: pathspec '\''a/symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "symlink/foo" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: pathspec '\''symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of submodules
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/submodule/one" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Pathspec '\''a/submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "submodule/one" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Pathspec '\''submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of global ignore files
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore not yet enabled' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored a/globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		globalone
+		per-repo
+		globalthree
+		a/globalthree
+		a/per-repo
+		globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore with -v' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-EOF &&
+		$global_excludes:1:globalone	globalone
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		$global_excludes:3:globalthree	globalthree
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+		$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test --stdin
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	a/one
+	a/not-ignored
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	"a/b/one two"
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/not-ignored
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-\EOF >expected-default
+	one
+	a/one
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	a/b/one two
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-EOF >expected-verbose
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	.gitignore:1:one	a/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"a/b/one\\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	a/b/two
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	a/b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+
+broken_c_unquote stdin >stdin0
+
+broken_c_unquote expected-default >expected-default0
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose expected-verbose >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -q' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	test_check_ignore "-v --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '$opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -q" "
+		expect "" &&
+		test_check_ignore '-q $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -v" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '-v $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+done
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	../one
+	../not-ignored
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	b/on
+	b/one
+	b/one one
+	"b/one two"
+	"b/one\"three"
+	b/two
+	b/not-ignored
+	b/twooo
+	../globaltwo
+	globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+	../b/globaltwo
+	c/not-ignored
+EOF
+# N.B. we deliberately end STDIN with a non-matching pattern in order
+# to test that the exit code indicates that one or more of the
+# provided paths is ignored - in other words, that it represents an
+# aggregation of all the results, not just the final result.
+
+cat <<-EOF >expected-all
+	.gitignore:1:one	../one
+	::	../not-ignored
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	::	not-ignored
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"b/one\\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	b/two
+	::	b/not-ignored
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../b/globaltwo
+	::	c/not-ignored
+EOF
+grep -v '^::	' expected-all >expected-verbose
+sed -e 's/.*	//' expected-verbose >expected-default
+
+broken_c_unquote stdin >stdin0
+
+broken_c_unquote expected-default >expected-default0
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose expected-verbose >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v -n' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-all &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v -n" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"'" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory with -v" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"' -v" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'streaming support for --stdin' '
+	mkfifo in out &&
+	(git check-ignore -n -v --stdin <in >out &) &&
+
+	# We cannot just "echo >in" because check-ignore would get EOF
+	# after echo exited; instead we open the descriptor in our
+	# shell, and then echo to the fd. We make sure to close it at
+	# the end, so that the subprocess does get EOF and dies
+	# properly.
+	#
+	# Similarly, we must keep "out" open so that check-ignore does
+	# not ever get SIGPIPE trying to write to us. Not only would that
+	# produce incorrect results, but then there would be no writer on the
+	# other end of the pipe, and we would potentially block forever trying
+	# to open it.
+	exec 9>in &&
+	exec 8<out &&
+	test_when_finished "exec 9>&-" &&
+	test_when_finished "exec 8<&-" &&
+	echo >&9 one &&
+	read response <&8 &&
+	echo "$response" | grep "^\.gitignore:1:one	one" &&
+	echo >&9 two &&
+	read response <&8 &&
+	echo "$response" | grep "^::	two"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test whitespace handling
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing whitespace is ignored' '
+	mkdir whitespace &&
+	>whitespace/trailing &&
+	>whitespace/untracked &&
+	echo "whitespace/trailing   " >ignore &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+whitespace/untracked
+EOF
+	: >err.expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -X ignore whitespace >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp err.expect err
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'quoting allows trailing whitespace' '
+	rm -rf whitespace &&
+	mkdir whitespace &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing  " &&
+	>whitespace/untracked &&
+	echo "whitespace/trailing\\ \\ " >ignore &&
+	echo whitespace/untracked >expect &&
+	: >err.expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -X ignore whitespace >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp err.expect err
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW,!CYGWIN 'correct handling of backslashes' '
+	rm -rf whitespace &&
+	mkdir whitespace &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 1  " &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 2 \\\\" &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 3 \\\\" &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 4   \\ " &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 5 \\ \\ " &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 6 \\a\\" &&
+	>whitespace/untracked &&
+	sed -e "s/Z$//" >ignore <<-\EOF &&
+	whitespace/trailing 1 \    Z
+	whitespace/trailing 2 \\\\Z
+	whitespace/trailing 3 \\\\ Z
+	whitespace/trailing 4   \\\    Z
+	whitespace/trailing 5 \\ \\\   Z
+	whitespace/trailing 6 \\a\\Z
+	EOF
+	echo whitespace/untracked >expect &&
+	>err.expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -X ignore whitespace >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp err.expect err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'info/exclude trumps core.excludesfile' '
+	echo >>global-excludes usually-ignored &&
+	echo >>.git/info/exclude "!usually-ignored" &&
+	>usually-ignored &&
+	echo "?? usually-ignored" >expect &&
+
+	git status --porcelain usually-ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..94045c3fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic tests for priority queue implementation'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'basic ordering' '
+	test-prio-queue 2 6 3 10 9 5 7 4 5 8 1 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+2
+3
+4
+1
+5
+6
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'mixed put and get' '
+	test-prio-queue 6 2 4 get 5 3 get get 1 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+1
+2
+NULL
+1
+2
+NULL
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'notice empty queue' '
+	test-prio-queue 1 2 get get get 1 2 get get get >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0010-racy-git.sh b/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
index e45a9e40e4..5657c5a87b 100755
--- a/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
+++ b/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ do
 	git update-index --add infocom
 	echo xyzzy >infocom
 
-	files=`git diff-files -p`
+	files=$(git diff-files -p)
 	test_expect_success \
 	"Racy GIT trial #$trial part A" \
 	'test "" != "$files"'
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ do
 	echo xyzzy >cornerstone
 	git update-index --add cornerstone
 
-	files=`git diff-files -p`
+	files=$(git diff-files -p)
 	test_expect_success \
 	"Racy GIT trial #$trial part B" \
 	'test "" != "$files"'
diff --git a/t/t0011-hashmap.sh b/t/t0011-hashmap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9c217d948c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0011-hashmap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test hashmap and string hash functions'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_hashmap() {
+	echo "$1" | test-hashmap $3 > actual &&
+	echo "$2" > expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'hash functions' '
+
+test_hashmap "hash key1" "2215982743 2215982743 116372151 116372151" &&
+test_hashmap "hash key2" "2215982740 2215982740 116372148 116372148" &&
+test_hashmap "hash fooBarFrotz" "1383912807 1383912807 3189766727 3189766727" &&
+test_hashmap "hash foobarfrotz" "2862305959 2862305959 3189766727 3189766727"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+put foobarfrotz value4
+size" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+64 4"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+size" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+64 3" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key1 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+put fooBarFrotz value4
+size" "NULL
+value1
+NULL
+value3
+64 2"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put Key1 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+put foobarfrotz value4
+size" "NULL
+value1
+NULL
+value3
+64 2" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+put foobarfrotz value4
+get key1
+get key2
+get fooBarFrotz
+get notInMap" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+value1
+value2
+value3
+NULL"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+get Key1
+get keY2
+get foobarfrotz
+get notInMap" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+value1
+value2
+value3
+NULL" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add' '
+
+test_hashmap "add key1 value1
+add key1 value2
+add fooBarFrotz value3
+add fooBarFrotz value4
+get key1
+get fooBarFrotz
+get notInMap" "value2
+value1
+value4
+value3
+NULL"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "add key1 value1
+add Key1 value2
+add fooBarFrotz value3
+add foobarfrotz value4
+get key1
+get Foobarfrotz
+get notInMap" "value2
+value1
+value4
+value3
+NULL" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+remove key1
+remove key2
+remove notInMap
+size" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+value1
+value2
+NULL
+64 1"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+remove Key1
+remove keY2
+remove notInMap
+size" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+value1
+value2
+NULL
+64 1" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'iterate' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+iterate" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+key2 value2
+key1 value1
+fooBarFrotz value3"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'iterate (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+iterate" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+fooBarFrotz value3
+key2 value2
+key1 value1" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grow / shrink' '
+
+	rm -f in &&
+	rm -f expect &&
+	for n in $(test_seq 51)
+	do
+		echo put key$n value$n >> in &&
+		echo NULL >> expect
+	done &&
+	echo size >> in &&
+	echo 64 51 >> expect &&
+	echo put key52 value52 >> in &&
+	echo NULL >> expect &&
+	echo size >> in &&
+	echo 256 52 >> expect &&
+	for n in $(test_seq 12)
+	do
+		echo remove key$n >> in &&
+		echo value$n >> expect
+	done &&
+	echo size >> in &&
+	echo 256 40 >> expect &&
+	echo remove key40 >> in &&
+	echo value40 >> expect &&
+	echo size >> in &&
+	echo 64 39 >> expect &&
+	cat in | test-hashmap > out &&
+	test_cmp expect out
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'string interning' '
+
+test_hashmap "intern value1
+intern Value1
+intern value2
+intern value2
+" "value1
+Value1
+value2
+value2"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0020-crlf.sh b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
index 1a8f44c44c..f94120a894 100755
--- a/t/t0020-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@ has_cr() {
 	tr '\015' Q <"$1" | grep Q >/dev/null
 }
 
+# add or remove CRs to disk file in-place
+# usage: munge_cr <append|remove> <file>
+munge_cr () {
+	"${1}_cr" <"$2" >tmp &&
+	mv tmp "$2"
+}
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
@@ -20,17 +27,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
-	one=`git rev-parse HEAD:one` &&
-	dir=`git rev-parse HEAD:dir` &&
-	two=`git rev-parse HEAD:dir/two` &&
-	three=`git rev-parse HEAD:three` &&
+	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one) &&
+	dir=$(git rev-parse HEAD:dir) &&
+	two=$(git rev-parse HEAD:dir/two) &&
+	three=$(git rev-parse HEAD:three) &&
 
 	for w in Some extra lines here; do echo $w; done >>one &&
 	git diff >patch.file &&
-	patched=`git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
-	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
-
-	echo happy.
+	patched=$(git hash-object --stdin <one) &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'safecrlf: autocrlf=input, all CRLF' '
@@ -81,6 +86,14 @@ test_expect_success 'safecrlf: print warning only once' '
 	test $(git add doublewarn 2>&1 | grep "CRLF will be replaced by LF" | wc -l) = 1
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: git diff demotes safecrlf=true to warn' '
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git config core.safecrlf true &&
+	git diff HEAD
+'
+
+
 test_expect_success 'switch off autocrlf, safecrlf, reset HEAD' '
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 	git config core.safecrlf false &&
@@ -92,22 +105,11 @@ test_expect_success 'update with autocrlf=input' '
 	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 	git config core.autocrlf input &&
-
-	for f in one dir/two
-	do
-		append_cr <$f >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
-		git update-index -- $f || {
-			echo Oops
-			false
-			break
-		}
-	done &&
-
-	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
-	test -z "$differs" || {
-		echo Oops "$differs"
-		false
-	}
+	munge_cr append one &&
+	munge_cr append dir/two &&
+	git update-index -- one dir/two &&
+	differs=$(git diff-index --cached HEAD) &&
+	verbose test -z "$differs"
 
 '
 
@@ -116,22 +118,11 @@ test_expect_success 'update with autocrlf=true' '
 	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
-
-	for f in one dir/two
-	do
-		append_cr <$f >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
-		git update-index -- $f || {
-			echo "Oops $f"
-			false
-			break
-		}
-	done &&
-
-	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
-	test -z "$differs" || {
-		echo Oops "$differs"
-		false
-	}
+	munge_cr append one &&
+	munge_cr append dir/two &&
+	git update-index -- one dir/two &&
+	differs=$(git diff-index --cached HEAD) &&
+	verbose test -z "$differs"
 
 '
 
@@ -140,23 +131,13 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout with autocrlf=true' '
 	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
-
-	for f in one dir/two
-	do
-		remove_cr <"$f" >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
-		git update-index -- $f || {
-			echo "Eh? $f"
-			false
-			break
-		}
-	done &&
-	test "$one" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
-	test "$two" = `git hash-object --stdin <dir/two` &&
-	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
-	test -z "$differs" || {
-		echo Oops "$differs"
-		false
-	}
+	munge_cr remove one &&
+	munge_cr remove dir/two &&
+	git update-index -- one dir/two &&
+	test "$one" = $(git hash-object --stdin <one) &&
+	test "$two" = $(git hash-object --stdin <dir/two) &&
+	differs=$(git diff-index --cached HEAD) &&
+	verbose test -z "$differs"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout with autocrlf=input' '
@@ -164,25 +145,13 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout with autocrlf=input' '
 	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
 	git config core.autocrlf input &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
-
-	for f in one dir/two
-	do
-		if has_cr "$f"
-		then
-			echo "Eh? $f"
-			false
-			break
-		else
-			git update-index -- $f
-		fi
-	done &&
-	test "$one" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
-	test "$two" = `git hash-object --stdin <dir/two` &&
-	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
-	test -z "$differs" || {
-		echo Oops "$differs"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	test_must_fail has_cr two &&
+	git update-index -- one dir/two &&
+	test "$one" = $(git hash-object --stdin <one) &&
+	test "$two" = $(git hash-object --stdin <dir/two) &&
+	differs=$(git diff-index --cached HEAD) &&
+	verbose test -z "$differs"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=input)' '
@@ -192,10 +161,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=input)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = "`git hash-object --stdin <one`" || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = "$(git hash-object --stdin <one)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=input)' '
@@ -205,10 +171,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=input)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply --cached patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply with --cached"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git rev-parse :one)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=input)' '
@@ -218,11 +181,8 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=input)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply --index patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` &&
-	test "$patched" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply with --index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git rev-parse :one) &&
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git hash-object --stdin <one)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=true)' '
@@ -232,10 +192,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=true)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = "`remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin`" || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = "$(remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=true)' '
@@ -245,10 +202,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=true)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply --cached patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git rev-parse :one)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=true)' '
@@ -258,11 +212,8 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=true)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply --index patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` &&
-	test "$patched" = "`remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin`" || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply with --index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git rev-parse :one) &&
+	verbose test "$patched" = "$(remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is binary' '
@@ -272,29 +223,9 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is binary' '
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	if has_cr dir/two
-	then
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	fi &&
-
-	if has_cr three
-	then
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi
+	test_must_fail has_cr dir/two &&
+	verbose has_cr one &&
+	test_must_fail has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is input' '
@@ -303,13 +234,7 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is input' '
 	echo "two crlf=input" >.gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	if has_cr dir/two
-	then
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi
+	test_must_fail has_cr dir/two
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two and three are text' '
@@ -318,21 +243,8 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two and three are text' '
 	echo "t* crlf" >.gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	if has_cr dir/two
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	fi &&
-
-	if has_cr three
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	fi
+	verbose has_cr dir/two &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (1)' '
@@ -344,17 +256,8 @@ test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (1)' '
 	rm -rf tmp one dir .gitattributes patch.file three &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-	has_cr three || {
-		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (2)' '
@@ -363,17 +266,8 @@ test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (2)' '
 	git read-tree --reset HEAD &&
 	git checkout-index -f -q -u -a &&
 
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-	has_cr three || {
-		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (3)' '
@@ -383,17 +277,8 @@ test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (3)' '
 	git checkout-index -u .gitattributes &&
 	git checkout-index -u one dir/two three &&
 
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-	has_cr three || {
-		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (4)' '
@@ -403,17 +288,8 @@ test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (4)' '
 	git checkout-index -u one dir/two three &&
 	git checkout-index -u .gitattributes &&
 
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-	has_cr three || {
-		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout with existing .gitattributes' '
diff --git a/t/t0021-conversion.sh b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
index f19e6510d0..7bac2bcf26 100755
--- a/t/t0021-conversion.sh
+++ b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
@@ -153,4 +153,119 @@ test_expect_success 'filter shell-escaped filenames' '
 	:
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'required filter should filter data' '
+	git config filter.required.smudge ./rot13.sh &&
+	git config filter.required.clean ./rot13.sh &&
+	git config filter.required.required true &&
+
+	echo "*.r filter=required" >.gitattributes &&
+
+	cat test.o >test.r &&
+	git add test.r &&
+
+	rm -f test.r &&
+	git checkout -- test.r &&
+	cmp test.o test.r &&
+
+	./rot13.sh <test.o >expected &&
+	git cat-file blob :test.r >actual &&
+	cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'required filter smudge failure' '
+	git config filter.failsmudge.smudge false &&
+	git config filter.failsmudge.clean cat &&
+	git config filter.failsmudge.required true &&
+
+	echo "*.fs filter=failsmudge" >.gitattributes &&
+
+	echo test >test.fs &&
+	git add test.fs &&
+	rm -f test.fs &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout -- test.fs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'required filter clean failure' '
+	git config filter.failclean.smudge cat &&
+	git config filter.failclean.clean false &&
+	git config filter.failclean.required true &&
+
+	echo "*.fc filter=failclean" >.gitattributes &&
+
+	echo test >test.fc &&
+	test_must_fail git add test.fc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filtering large input to small output should use little memory' '
+	git config filter.devnull.clean "cat >/dev/null" &&
+	git config filter.devnull.required true &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 30); do printf "%1048576d" 1; done >30MB &&
+	echo "30MB filter=devnull" >.gitattributes &&
+	GIT_MMAP_LIMIT=1m GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT=1m git add 30MB
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter that does not read is fine' '
+	test-genrandom foo $((128 * 1024 + 1)) >big &&
+	echo "big filter=epipe" >.gitattributes &&
+	git config filter.epipe.clean "echo xyzzy" &&
+	git add big &&
+	git cat-file blob :big >actual &&
+	echo xyzzy >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'filter large file' '
+	git config filter.largefile.smudge cat &&
+	git config filter.largefile.clean cat &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 2048); do printf "%1048576d" 1; done >2GB &&
+	echo "2GB filter=largefile" >.gitattributes &&
+	git add 2GB 2>err &&
+	! test -s err &&
+	rm -f 2GB &&
+	git checkout -- 2GB 2>err &&
+	! test -s err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "filter: clean empty file" '
+	git config filter.in-repo-header.clean  "echo cleaned && cat" &&
+	git config filter.in-repo-header.smudge "sed 1d" &&
+
+	echo "empty-in-worktree    filter=in-repo-header" >>.gitattributes &&
+	>empty-in-worktree &&
+
+	echo cleaned >expected &&
+	git add empty-in-worktree &&
+	git show :empty-in-worktree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success "filter: smudge empty file" '
+	git config filter.empty-in-repo.clean "cat >/dev/null" &&
+	git config filter.empty-in-repo.smudge "echo smudged && cat" &&
+
+	echo "empty-in-repo filter=empty-in-repo" >>.gitattributes &&
+	echo dead data walking >empty-in-repo &&
+	git add empty-in-repo &&
+
+	echo smudged >expected &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=filtered- empty-in-repo &&
+	test_cmp expected filtered-empty-in-repo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable filter with empty override' '
+	test_config_global filter.disable.smudge false &&
+	test_config_global filter.disable.clean false &&
+	test_config filter.disable.smudge false &&
+	test_config filter.disable.clean false &&
+
+	echo "*.disable filter=disable" >.gitattributes &&
+
+	echo test >test.disable &&
+	git -c filter.disable.clean= add test.disable 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	rm -f test.disable &&
+	git -c filter.disable.smudge= checkout -- test.disable 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh b/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh
index aaed725402..f9bbb91f64 100755
--- a/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh
+++ b/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2007 13:00:00 +0200
 Subject: test1
 
 ---
- foo |    1 +
+ foo | 1 +
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
  create mode 100644 foo
 
diff --git a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
index ec6c1b3f8a..4e9fa3cd68 100755
--- a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
+++ b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 test_description='respect crlf in git archive'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
@@ -26,18 +25,11 @@ test_expect_success 'tar archive' '
 
 '
 
-"$UNZIP" -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP test, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
 test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive' '
 
 	git archive --format=zip HEAD >test.zip &&
 
-	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && unzip ../test.zip ) &&
+	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../test.zip ) &&
 
 	test_cmp sample unzipped/sample
 
diff --git a/t/t0025-crlf-auto.sh b/t/t0025-crlf-auto.sh
index f5f67a6337..c164b4662a 100755
--- a/t/t0025-crlf-auto.sh
+++ b/t/t0025-crlf-auto.sh
@@ -12,144 +12,144 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 
-	for w in Hello world how are you; do echo $w; done >one &&
-	for w in I am very very fine thank you; do echo ${w}Q; done | q_to_cr >two &&
-	for w in Oh here is a QNUL byte how alarming; do echo ${w}; done | q_to_nul >three &&
+	for w in Hello world how are you; do echo $w; done >LFonly &&
+	for w in I am very very fine thank you; do echo ${w}Q; done | q_to_cr >CRLFonly &&
+	for w in Oh here is a QNUL byte how alarming; do echo ${w}; done | q_to_nul >LFwithNUL &&
 	git add . &&
 
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
-	one=`git rev-parse HEAD:one` &&
-	two=`git rev-parse HEAD:two` &&
-	three=`git rev-parse HEAD:three` &&
+	LFonly=$(git rev-parse HEAD:LFonly) &&
+	CRLFonly=$(git rev-parse HEAD:CRLFonly) &&
+	LFwithNUL=$(git rev-parse HEAD:LFwithNUL) &&
 
 	echo happy.
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'default settings cause no changes' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	! has_cr one &&
-	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff" -a -z "$threediff"
+	! has_cr LFonly &&
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff" -a -z "$CRLFonlydiff" -a -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'crlf=true causes a CRLF file to be normalized' '
 
 	# Backwards compatibility check
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
-	echo "two crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
+	echo "CRLFonly crlf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	# Note, "normalized" means that git will normalize it if added
-	has_cr two &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -n "$twodiff"
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	test -n "$CRLFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'text=true causes a CRLF file to be normalized' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
-	echo "two text" > .gitattributes &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
+	echo "CRLFonly text" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	# Note, "normalized" means that git will normalize it if added
-	has_cr two &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -n "$twodiff"
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	test -n "$CRLFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=crlf gives a normalized file CRLFs with autocrlf=false' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
-	echo "one eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+	echo "LFonly eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr one &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	test -z "$onediff"
+	has_cr LFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=crlf gives a normalized file CRLFs with autocrlf=input' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf input &&
-	echo "one eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+	echo "LFonly eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr one &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	test -z "$onediff"
+	has_cr LFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=lf gives a normalized file LFs with autocrlf=true' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
-	echo "one eol=lf" > .gitattributes &&
+	echo "LFonly eol=lf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	! has_cr one &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	test -z "$onediff"
+	! has_cr LFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true does not normalize CRLF files' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr one &&
-	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff" -a -z "$threediff"
+	has_cr LFonly &&
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff" -a -z "$CRLFonlydiff" -a -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'text=auto, autocrlf=true _does_ normalize CRLF files' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	echo "* text=auto" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr one &&
-	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -n "$twodiff" -a -z "$threediff"
+	has_cr LFonly &&
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff" -a -n "$CRLFonlydiff" -a -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'text=auto, autocrlf=true does not normalize binary files' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	echo "* text=auto" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	! has_cr three &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$threediff"
+	! has_cr LFwithNUL &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=crlf _does_ normalize binary files' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
-	echo "three eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
+	echo "LFwithNUL eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr three &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$threediff"
+	has_cr LFwithNUL &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0026-eol-config.sh b/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
index fe0164be62..c5203e232c 100755
--- a/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
+++ b/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
-	one=`git rev-parse HEAD:one` &&
-	two=`git rev-parse HEAD:two` &&
+	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one) &&
+	two=$(git rev-parse HEAD:two) &&
 
 	echo happy.
 '
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ test_expect_success 'eol=lf puts LFs in normalized file' '
 
 	! has_cr one &&
 	! has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff"
+	onediff=$(git diff one) &&
+	twodiff=$(git diff two) &&
+	test -z "$onediff" && test -z "$twodiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=crlf puts CRLFs in normalized file' '
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ test_expect_success 'eol=crlf puts CRLFs in normalized file' '
 
 	has_cr one &&
 	! has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff"
+	onediff=$(git diff one) &&
+	twodiff=$(git diff two) &&
+	test -z "$onediff" && test -z "$twodiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true overrides eol=lf' '
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true overrides eol=lf' '
 
 	has_cr one &&
 	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff"
+	onediff=$(git diff one) &&
+	twodiff=$(git diff two) &&
+	test -z "$onediff" && test -z "$twodiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true overrides unset eol' '
@@ -75,9 +75,29 @@ test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true overrides unset eol' '
 
 	has_cr one &&
 	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff"
+	onediff=$(git diff one) &&
+	twodiff=$(git diff two) &&
+	test -z "$onediff" && test -z "$twodiff"
+'
+
+test_expect_success NATIVE_CRLF 'eol native is crlf' '
+
+	rm -rf native_eol && mkdir native_eol &&
+	(
+		cd native_eol &&
+		printf "*.txt text\n" >.gitattributes &&
+		printf "one\r\ntwo\r\nthree\r\n" >filedos.txt &&
+		printf "one\ntwo\nthree\n" >fileunix.txt &&
+		git init &&
+		git config core.autocrlf false &&
+		git config core.eol native &&
+		git add filedos.txt fileunix.txt &&
+		git commit -m "first" &&
+		rm file*.txt &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD &&
+		has_cr filedos.txt &&
+		has_cr fileunix.txt
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0027-auto-crlf.sh b/t/t0027-auto-crlf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..93725895a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0027-auto-crlf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='CRLF conversion all combinations'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq EXPENSIVE
+then
+	skip_all="EXPENSIVE not set"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+compare_files () {
+	tr '\015\000' QN <"$1" >"$1".expect &&
+	tr '\015\000' QN <"$2" | tr -d 'Z' >"$2".actual &&
+	test_cmp "$1".expect "$2".actual &&
+	rm "$1".expect "$2".actual
+}
+
+compare_ws_file () {
+	pfx=$1
+	exp=$2.expect
+	act=$pfx.actual.$3
+	tr '\015\000abcdef0123456789' QN00000000000000000 <"$2" >"$exp" &&
+	tr '\015\000abcdef0123456789' QN00000000000000000 <"$3" >"$act" &&
+	test_cmp "$exp" "$act" &&
+	rm "$exp" "$act"
+}
+
+create_gitattributes () {
+	{
+		while test "$#" != 0
+		do
+			case "$1" in
+			auto)	 echo '*.txt text=auto' ;;
+			ident) echo '*.txt ident' ;;
+			text)	 echo '*.txt text' ;;
+			-text) echo '*.txt -text' ;;
+			crlf)  echo '*.txt eol=crlf' ;;
+			lf)    echo '*.txt eol=lf' ;;
+			"") ;;
+			*)
+				echo >&2 invalid attribute: "$1"
+				exit 1
+				;;
+			esac &&
+			shift
+		done
+	} >.gitattributes
+}
+
+create_NNO_files () {
+	for crlf in false true input
+	do
+		for attr in "" auto text -text
+		do
+			for aeol in "" lf crlf
+			do
+				pfx=NNO_attr_${attr}_aeol_${aeol}_${crlf}
+				cp CRLF_mix_LF ${pfx}_LF.txt &&
+				cp CRLF_mix_LF ${pfx}_CRLF.txt &&
+				cp CRLF_mix_LF ${pfx}_CRLF_mix_LF.txt &&
+				cp CRLF_mix_LF ${pfx}_LF_mix_CR.txt &&
+				cp CRLF_mix_LF ${pfx}_CRLF_nul.txt
+			done
+		done
+	done
+}
+
+check_warning () {
+	case "$1" in
+	LF_CRLF) echo "warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF" >"$2".expect ;;
+	CRLF_LF) echo "warning: CRLF will be replaced by LF" >"$2".expect ;;
+	'')	                                                 >"$2".expect ;;
+	*) echo >&2 "Illegal 1": "$1" ; return false ;;
+	esac
+	grep "will be replaced by" "$2" | sed -e "s/\(.*\) in [^ ]*$/\1/" | uniq  >"$2".actual
+	test_cmp "$2".expect "$2".actual
+}
+
+commit_check_warn () {
+	crlf=$1
+	attr=$2
+	lfname=$3
+	crlfname=$4
+	lfmixcrlf=$5
+	lfmixcr=$6
+	crlfnul=$7
+	pfx=crlf_${crlf}_attr_${attr}
+	create_gitattributes "$attr" &&
+	for f in LF CRLF LF_mix_CR CRLF_mix_LF LF_nul CRLF_nul
+	do
+		fname=${pfx}_$f.txt &&
+		cp $f $fname &&
+		git -c core.autocrlf=$crlf add $fname 2>"${pfx}_$f.err"
+	done &&
+	git commit -m "core.autocrlf $crlf" &&
+	check_warning "$lfname" ${pfx}_LF.err &&
+	check_warning "$crlfname" ${pfx}_CRLF.err &&
+	check_warning "$lfmixcrlf" ${pfx}_CRLF_mix_LF.err &&
+	check_warning "$lfmixcr" ${pfx}_LF_mix_CR.err &&
+	check_warning "$crlfnul" ${pfx}_CRLF_nul.err
+}
+
+commit_chk_wrnNNO () {
+	attr=$1 ; shift
+	aeol=$1 ; shift
+	crlf=$1 ; shift
+	lfwarn=$1 ; shift
+	crlfwarn=$1 ; shift
+	lfmixcrlf=$1 ; shift
+	lfmixcr=$1 ; shift
+	crlfnul=$1 ; shift
+	pfx=NNO_attr_${attr}_aeol_${aeol}_${crlf}
+	#Commit files on top of existing file
+	create_gitattributes "$attr" $aeol &&
+	for f in LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul
+	do
+		fname=${pfx}_$f.txt &&
+		cp $f $fname &&
+		printf Z >>"$fname" &&
+		git -c core.autocrlf=$crlf add $fname 2>/dev/null &&
+		git -c core.autocrlf=$crlf commit -m "commit_$fname" $fname >"${pfx}_$f.err" 2>&1
+	done
+
+	test_expect_success "commit NNO files crlf=$crlf attr=$attr LF" '
+		check_warning "$lfwarn" ${pfx}_LF.err
+	'
+	test_expect_success "commit NNO files attr=$attr aeol=$aeol crlf=$crlf CRLF" '
+		check_warning "$crlfwarn" ${pfx}_CRLF.err
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "commit NNO files attr=$attr aeol=$aeol crlf=$crlf CRLF_mix_LF" '
+		check_warning "$lfmixcrlf" ${pfx}_CRLF_mix_LF.err
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "commit NNO files attr=$attr aeol=$aeol crlf=$crlf LF_mix_cr" '
+		check_warning "$lfmixcr" ${pfx}_LF_mix_CR.err
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "commit NNO files attr=$attr aeol=$aeol crlf=$crlf CRLF_nul" '
+		check_warning "$crlfnul" ${pfx}_CRLF_nul.err
+	'
+}
+
+stats_ascii () {
+	case "$1" in
+	LF)
+		echo lf
+		;;
+	CRLF)
+		echo crlf
+		;;
+	CRLF_mix_LF)
+		echo mixed
+		;;
+	LF_mix_CR|CRLF_nul|LF_nul|CRLF_mix_CR)
+		echo "-text"
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo error_invalid $1
+		;;
+	esac
+
+}
+
+
+# contruct the attr/ returned by git ls-files --eol
+# Take none (=empty), one or two args
+# convert.c: eol=XX overrides text=auto
+attr_ascii () {
+	case $1,$2 in
+	-text,*)   echo "-text" ;;
+	text,)     echo "text" ;;
+	text,lf)   echo "text eol=lf" ;;
+	text,crlf) echo "text eol=crlf" ;;
+	auto,)     echo "text=auto" ;;
+	auto,lf)   echo "text eol=lf" ;;
+	auto,crlf) echo "text eol=crlf" ;;
+	lf,)       echo "text eol=lf" ;;
+	crlf,)     echo "text eol=crlf" ;;
+	,) echo "" ;;
+	*) echo invalid_attr "$1,$2" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+check_files_in_repo () {
+	crlf=$1
+	attr=$2
+	lfname=$3
+	crlfname=$4
+	lfmixcrlf=$5
+	lfmixcr=$6
+	crlfnul=$7
+	pfx=crlf_${crlf}_attr_${attr}_ &&
+	compare_files $lfname ${pfx}LF.txt &&
+	compare_files $crlfname ${pfx}CRLF.txt &&
+	compare_files $lfmixcrlf ${pfx}CRLF_mix_LF.txt &&
+	compare_files $lfmixcr ${pfx}LF_mix_CR.txt &&
+	compare_files $crlfnul ${pfx}CRLF_nul.txt
+}
+
+check_in_repo_NNO () {
+	attr=$1 ; shift
+	aeol=$1 ; shift
+	crlf=$1 ; shift
+	lfname=$1 ; shift
+	crlfname=$1 ; shift
+	lfmixcrlf=$1 ; shift
+	lfmixcr=$1 ; shift
+	crlfnul=$1 ; shift
+	pfx=NNO_attr_${attr}_aeol_${aeol}_${crlf}
+	test_expect_success "compare_files $lfname ${pfx}_LF.txt" '
+		compare_files $lfname ${pfx}_LF.txt
+	'
+	test_expect_success "compare_files $crlfname ${pfx}_CRLF.txt" '
+		compare_files $crlfname ${pfx}_CRLF.txt
+	'
+	test_expect_success "compare_files $lfmixcrlf ${pfx}_CRLF_mix_LF.txt" '
+		compare_files $lfmixcrlf ${pfx}_CRLF_mix_LF.txt
+	'
+	test_expect_success "compare_files $lfmixcr ${pfx}_LF_mix_CR.txt" '
+		compare_files $lfmixcr ${pfx}_LF_mix_CR.txt
+	'
+	test_expect_success "compare_files $crlfnul ${pfx}_CRLF_nul.txt" '
+		compare_files $crlfnul ${pfx}_CRLF_nul.txt
+	'
+}
+
+checkout_files () {
+	attr=$1 ; shift
+	ident=$1; shift
+	aeol=$1 ; shift
+	crlf=$1 ; shift
+	ceol=$1 ; shift
+	lfname=$1 ; shift
+	crlfname=$1 ; shift
+	lfmixcrlf=$1 ; shift
+	lfmixcr=$1 ; shift
+	crlfnul=$1 ; shift
+	create_gitattributes "$attr" $ident $aeol &&
+	git config core.autocrlf $crlf &&
+	pfx=eol_${ceol}_crlf_${crlf}_attr_${attr}_ &&
+	for f in LF CRLF LF_mix_CR CRLF_mix_LF LF_nul
+	do
+		rm crlf_false_attr__$f.txt &&
+		if test -z "$ceol"; then
+			git checkout crlf_false_attr__$f.txt
+		else
+			git -c core.eol=$ceol checkout crlf_false_attr__$f.txt
+		fi
+	done
+
+	test_expect_success "ls-files --eol attr=$attr $ident aeol=$aeol core.autocrlf=$crlf core.eol=$ceol" '
+		test_when_finished "rm expect actual" &&
+		sort <<-EOF >expect &&
+		i/crlf w/$(stats_ascii $crlfname) attr/$(attr_ascii $attr $aeol) crlf_false_attr__CRLF.txt
+		i/mixed w/$(stats_ascii $lfmixcrlf) attr/$(attr_ascii $attr $aeol) crlf_false_attr__CRLF_mix_LF.txt
+		i/lf w/$(stats_ascii $lfname) attr/$(attr_ascii $attr $aeol) crlf_false_attr__LF.txt
+		i/-text w/$(stats_ascii $lfmixcr) attr/$(attr_ascii $attr $aeol) crlf_false_attr__LF_mix_CR.txt
+		i/-text w/$(stats_ascii $crlfnul) attr/$(attr_ascii $attr $aeol) crlf_false_attr__CRLF_nul.txt
+		i/-text w/$(stats_ascii $crlfnul) attr/$(attr_ascii $attr $aeol) crlf_false_attr__LF_nul.txt
+		EOF
+		git ls-files --eol crlf_false_attr__* |
+		sed -e "s/	/ /g" -e "s/  */ /g" |
+		sort >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+	test_expect_success "checkout attr=$attr $ident aeol=$aeol core.autocrlf=$crlf core.eol=$ceol file=LF" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $lfname    crlf_false_attr__LF.txt
+	"
+	test_expect_success "checkout attr=$attr $ident aeol=$aeol core.autocrlf=$crlf core.eol=$ceol file=CRLF" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $crlfname  crlf_false_attr__CRLF.txt
+	"
+	test_expect_success "checkout attr=$attr $ident aeol=$aeol core.autocrlf=$crlf core.eol=$ceol file=CRLF_mix_LF" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $lfmixcrlf crlf_false_attr__CRLF_mix_LF.txt
+	"
+	test_expect_success "checkout attr=$attr $ident aeol=$aeol core.autocrlf=$crlf core.eol=$ceol file=LF_mix_CR" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $lfmixcr   crlf_false_attr__LF_mix_CR.txt
+	"
+	test_expect_success "checkout attr=$attr $ident aeol=$aeol core.autocrlf=$crlf core.eol=$ceol file=LF_nul" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $crlfnul   crlf_false_attr__LF_nul.txt
+	"
+}
+
+# Test control characters
+# NUL SOH CR EOF==^Z
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --eol -o Text/Binary' '
+	test_when_finished "rm expect actual TeBi_*" &&
+	STRT=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &&
+	STR=$STRT$STRT$STRT$STRT &&
+	printf "${STR}BBB\001" >TeBi_127_S &&
+	printf "${STR}BBBB\001">TeBi_128_S &&
+	printf "${STR}BBB\032" >TeBi_127_E &&
+	printf "\032${STR}BBB" >TeBi_E_127 &&
+	printf "${STR}BBBB\000">TeBi_128_N &&
+	printf "${STR}BBB\012">TeBi_128_L &&
+	printf "${STR}BBB\015">TeBi_127_C &&
+	printf "${STR}BB\015\012" >TeBi_126_CL &&
+	printf "${STR}BB\015\012\015" >TeBi_126_CLC &&
+	sort <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	i/ w/-text TeBi_127_S
+	i/ w/none TeBi_128_S
+	i/ w/none TeBi_127_E
+	i/ w/-text TeBi_E_127
+	i/ w/-text TeBi_128_N
+	i/ w/lf TeBi_128_L
+	i/ w/-text TeBi_127_C
+	i/ w/crlf TeBi_126_CL
+	i/ w/-text TeBi_126_CLC
+	EOF
+	git ls-files --eol -o |
+	sed -n -e "/TeBi_/{s!attr/[	]*!!g
+	s!	! !g
+	s!  *! !g
+	p
+	}" | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup master' '
+	echo >.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout -b master &&
+	git add .gitattributes &&
+	git commit -m "add .gitattributes" "" &&
+	printf "\$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \$\nLINEONE\nLINETWO\nLINETHREE"     >LF &&
+	printf "\$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \$\r\nLINEONE\r\nLINETWO\r\nLINETHREE" >CRLF &&
+	printf "\$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \$\nLINEONE\r\nLINETWO\nLINETHREE"   >CRLF_mix_LF &&
+	printf "\$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \$\nLINEONE\nLINETWO\rLINETHREE"     >LF_mix_CR &&
+	printf "\$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \$\r\nLINEONE\r\nLINETWO\rLINETHREE"   >CRLF_mix_CR &&
+	printf "\$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \$\r\nLINEONEQ\r\nLINETWO\r\nLINETHREE" | q_to_nul >CRLF_nul &&
+	printf "\$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \$\nLINEONEQ\nLINETWO\nLINETHREE" | q_to_nul >LF_nul &&
+	create_NNO_files CRLF_mix_LF CRLF_mix_LF CRLF_mix_LF CRLF_mix_LF CRLF_mix_LF &&
+	git -c core.autocrlf=false add NNO_*.txt &&
+	git commit -m "mixed line endings" &&
+	test_tick
+'
+
+
+
+warn_LF_CRLF="LF will be replaced by CRLF"
+warn_CRLF_LF="CRLF will be replaced by LF"
+
+# WILC stands for "Warn if (this OS) converts LF into CRLF".
+# WICL: Warn if CRLF becomes LF
+# WAMIX: Mixed line endings: either CRLF->LF or LF->CRLF
+if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF
+then
+	WILC=LF_CRLF
+	WICL=
+	WAMIX=LF_CRLF
+else
+	WILC=
+	WICL=CRLF_LF
+	WAMIX=CRLF_LF
+fi
+
+#                         attr   LF        CRLF      CRLFmixLF LFmixCR   CRLFNUL
+test_expect_success 'commit files empty attr' '
+	commit_check_warn false ""     ""        ""        ""        ""        "" &&
+	commit_check_warn true  ""     "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" ""        "" &&
+	commit_check_warn input ""     ""        "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF" ""        ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit files attr=auto' '
+	commit_check_warn false "auto" "$WILC"   "$WICL"   "$WAMIX"  ""        "" &&
+	commit_check_warn true  "auto" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" ""        "" &&
+	commit_check_warn input "auto" ""        "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF" ""        ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit files attr=text' '
+	commit_check_warn false "text" "$WILC"   "$WICL"   "$WAMIX"  "$WILC"   "$WICL"   &&
+	commit_check_warn true  "text" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" "LF_CRLF" ""        &&
+	commit_check_warn input "text" ""        "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF" ""        "CRLF_LF"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit files attr=-text' '
+	commit_check_warn false "-text" ""       ""        ""        ""        "" &&
+	commit_check_warn true  "-text" ""       ""        ""        ""        "" &&
+	commit_check_warn input "-text" ""       ""        ""        ""        ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit files attr=lf' '
+	commit_check_warn false "lf"    ""       "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF"  ""       "CRLF_LF" &&
+	commit_check_warn true  "lf"    ""       "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF"  ""       "CRLF_LF" &&
+	commit_check_warn input "lf"    ""       "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF"  ""       "CRLF_LF"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit files attr=crlf' '
+	commit_check_warn false "crlf" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" "LF_CRLF" "" &&
+	commit_check_warn true  "crlf" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" "LF_CRLF" "" &&
+	commit_check_warn input "crlf" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" "LF_CRLF" ""
+'
+
+#                 attr                    LF        CRLF      CRLFmixLF   LF_mix_CR   CRLFNUL
+commit_chk_wrnNNO ""      ""      false   ""        ""        ""          ""          ""
+commit_chk_wrnNNO ""      ""      true    LF_CRLF   ""        ""          ""          ""
+commit_chk_wrnNNO ""      ""      input   ""        ""        ""          ""          ""
+
+commit_chk_wrnNNO "auto"  ""      false   "$WILC"   "$WICL"   "$WAMIX"    ""          ""
+commit_chk_wrnNNO "auto"  ""      true    LF_CRLF   ""        LF_CRLF     ""          ""
+commit_chk_wrnNNO "auto"  ""      input   ""        CRLF_LF   CRLF_LF     ""          ""
+
+for crlf in true false input
+do
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO -text ""      $crlf   ""        ""        ""          ""          ""
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO -text lf      $crlf   ""        ""        ""          ""          ""
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO -text crlf    $crlf   ""        ""        ""          ""          ""
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO ""    lf      $crlf   ""       CRLF_LF    CRLF_LF      ""         CRLF_LF
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO ""    crlf    $crlf   LF_CRLF   ""        LF_CRLF     LF_CRLF     ""
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO auto  lf    	$crlf   ""       CRLF_LF    CRLF_LF     ""          CRLF_LF
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO auto  crlf  	$crlf   LF_CRLF   ""        LF_CRLF     LF_CRLF     ""
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO text  lf    	$crlf   ""       CRLF_LF    CRLF_LF     ""          CRLF_LF
+	commit_chk_wrnNNO text  crlf  	$crlf   LF_CRLF   ""        LF_CRLF     LF_CRLF     ""
+done
+
+commit_chk_wrnNNO "text"  ""      false   "$WILC"   "$WICL"   "$WAMIX"    "$WILC"     "$WICL"
+commit_chk_wrnNNO "text"  ""      true    LF_CRLF   ""        LF_CRLF     LF_CRLF     ""
+commit_chk_wrnNNO "text"  ""      input   ""        CRLF_LF   CRLF_LF     ""          CRLF_LF
+
+test_expect_success 'create files cleanup' '
+	rm -f *.txt &&
+	git -c core.autocrlf=false reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit empty gitattribues' '
+	check_files_in_repo false ""      LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo true  ""      LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo input ""      LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit text=auto' '
+	check_files_in_repo false "auto"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo true  "auto"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo input "auto"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit text' '
+	check_files_in_repo false "text"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR LF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo true  "text"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR LF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo input "text"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR LF_nul
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit -text' '
+	check_files_in_repo false "-text" LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo true  "-text" LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo input "-text" LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul
+'
+
+for crlf in true false input
+do
+	#                 attr  aeol           LF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR  CRLFNUL
+	check_in_repo_NNO ""    ""     $crlf   LF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO -text ""     $crlf   LF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO -text lf     $crlf   LF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO -text crlf   $crlf   LF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO auto  ""     $crlf   LF  LF    LF           LF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO auto  lf     $crlf   LF  LF    LF           LF_mix_CR  LF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO auto  crlf   $crlf   LF  LF    LF           LF_mix_CR  LF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO text  ""     $crlf   LF  LF    LF           LF_mix_CR  LF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO text  lf     $crlf   LF  LF    LF           LF_mix_CR  LF_nul
+	check_in_repo_NNO text  crlf   $crlf   LF  LF    LF           LF_mix_CR  LF_nul
+done
+################################################################################
+# Check how files in the repo are changed when they are checked out
+# How to read the table below:
+# - checkout_files will check multiple files with a combination of settings
+#   and attributes (core.autocrlf=input is forbidden with core.eol=crlf)
+#
+# - parameter $1 	: text in .gitattributs  "" (empty) | auto | text | -text
+# - parameter $2 	: ident                  "" | i (i == ident)
+# - parameter $3 	: eol in .gitattributs   "" (empty) | lf | crlf
+# - parameter $4 	: core.autocrlf          false | true | input
+# - parameter $5 	: core.eol               "" | lf | crlf | "native"
+# - parameter $6 	: reference for a file with only LF in the repo
+# - parameter $7 	: reference for a file with only CRLF in the repo
+# - parameter $8 	: reference for a file with mixed LF and CRLF in the repo
+# - parameter $9 	: reference for a file with LF and CR in the repo
+# - parameter $10 : reference for a file with CRLF and a NUL (should be handled as binary when auto)
+
+if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF
+then
+MIX_CRLF_LF=CRLF
+MIX_LF_CR=CRLF_mix_CR
+NL=CRLF
+LFNUL=CRLF_nul
+else
+MIX_CRLF_LF=CRLF_mix_LF
+MIX_LF_CR=LF_mix_CR
+NL=LF
+LFNUL=LF_nul
+fi
+export CRLF_MIX_LF_CR MIX NL
+
+# Same handling with and without ident
+for id in "" ident
+do
+	for ceol in lf crlf native
+	do
+		for crlf in true false input
+		do
+			# -text overrides core.autocrlf and core.eol
+			# text and eol=crlf or eol=lf override core.autocrlf and core.eol
+			checkout_files -text "$id" ""     "$crlf" "$ceol"  LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+			checkout_files -text "$id" "lf"   "$crlf" "$ceol"  LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+			checkout_files -text "$id" "crlf" "$crlf" "$ceol"  LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+			# text
+			checkout_files text  "$id" "lf"   "$crlf" "$ceol"  LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+			checkout_files text  "$id" "crlf" "$crlf" "$ceol"  CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+			# currently the same as text, eol=XXX
+			checkout_files auto  "$id" "lf"   "$crlf" "$ceol"  LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+			checkout_files auto  "$id" "crlf" "$crlf" "$ceol"  CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+		done
+
+		# core.autocrlf false, different core.eol
+		checkout_files   ""    "$id" ""     false   "$ceol"  LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+		# core.autocrlf true
+		checkout_files   ""    "$id" ""     true    "$ceol"  CRLF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+		# text: core.autocrlf = true overrides core.eol
+		checkout_files   auto  "$id" ""     true    "$ceol"  CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+		checkout_files   text  "$id" ""     true    "$ceol"  CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+		# text: core.autocrlf = input overrides core.eol
+		checkout_files   text  "$id" ""     input   "$ceol"  LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+		checkout_files   auto  "$id" ""     input   "$ceol"  LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+		# text=auto + eol=XXX
+	done
+	# text: core.autocrlf=false uses core.eol
+	checkout_files     text  "$id" ""     false   crlf     CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+	checkout_files     text  "$id" ""     false   lf       LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+	# text: core.autocrlf=false and core.eol unset(or native) uses native eol
+	checkout_files     text  "$id" ""     false   ""       $NL   CRLF  $MIX_CRLF_LF $MIX_LF_CR   $LFNUL
+	checkout_files     text  "$id" ""     false   native   $NL   CRLF  $MIX_CRLF_LF $MIX_LF_CR   $LFNUL
+	# auto: core.autocrlf=false and core.eol unset(or native) uses native eol
+	checkout_files     auto  "$id" ""     false   ""       $NL   CRLF  $MIX_CRLF_LF LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+	checkout_files     auto  "$id" ""     false   native   $NL   CRLF  $MIX_CRLF_LF LF_mix_CR    LF_nul
+done
+
+# Should be the last test case: remove some files from the worktree
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --eol -d -z' '
+	rm crlf_false_attr__CRLF.txt crlf_false_attr__CRLF_mix_LF.txt crlf_false_attr__LF.txt .gitattributes &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	i/crlf w/ crlf_false_attr__CRLF.txt
+	i/lf w/ .gitattributes
+	i/lf w/ crlf_false_attr__LF.txt
+	i/mixed w/ crlf_false_attr__CRLF_mix_LF.txt
+	EOF
+	git ls-files --eol -d |
+	sed -e "s!attr/[^	]*!!g" -e "s/	/ /g" -e "s/  */ /g" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
index ccb0a3cb61..29e91d861c 100755
--- a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
+++ b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
@@ -225,22 +225,22 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'text without newline at end should end with newline' '
-    test `printf "$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0
+    test $(printf "$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0
 '
 
 # text plus spaces at the end:
 
 test_expect_success \
     'text plus spaces without newline at end should end with newline' '
-    test `printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0
+    test $(printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -397,4 +397,45 @@ test_expect_success 'strip comments, too' '
 	test -z "$(echo "# comment" | git stripspace -s)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'strip comments with changed comment char' '
+	test ! -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace)" &&
+	test -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -s)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line followed by empty line' '
+	printf "# foo\n#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo\n\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with newline only' '
+	printf "#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--comment-lines with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with changed comment char' '
+	printf "; foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid SP-HT sequence in commented line' '
+	printf "#\tone\n#\n# two\n" >expect &&
+	printf "\tone\n\ntwo\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
index a1e4616feb..db5f60d0c5 100755
--- a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -7,15 +7,19 @@ test_description='our own option parser'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-cat > expect << EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 usage: test-parse-options <options>
 
-    -b, --boolean         get a boolean
+    --yes                 get a boolean
+    -D, --no-doubt        begins with 'no-'
+    -B, --no-fear         be brave
+    -b, --boolean         increment by one
     -4, --or4             bitwise-or boolean with ...0100
     --neg-or4             same as --no-or4
 
     -i, --integer <n>     get a integer
     -j <n>                get a integer, too
+    -m, --magnitude <n>   get a magnitude
     --set23               set integer to 23
     -t <time>             get timestamp of <time>
     -L, --length <str>    get length of <str>
@@ -27,7 +31,6 @@ String options
     --string2 <str>       get another string
     --st <st>             get another string (pervert ordering)
     -o <str>              get another string
-    --default-string      set string to default
     --list <str>          add str to list
 
 Magic arguments
@@ -42,73 +45,135 @@ Standard options
     -v, --verbose         be verbose
     -n, --dry-run         dry run
     -q, --quiet           be quiet
+    --expect <string>     expected output in the variable dump
 
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'test help' '
-	test_must_fail test-parse-options -h > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options -h >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 mv expect expect.err
 
-cat > expect << EOF
+check () {
+	what="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	expect="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	test-parse-options --expect="$what $expect" "$@"
+}
+
+check_unknown_i18n() {
+	case "$1" in
+	--*)
+		echo error: unknown option \`${1#--}\' >expect ;;
+	-*)
+		echo error: unknown switch \`${1#-}\' >expect ;;
+	esac &&
+	cat expect.err >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output.err
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #1' 'check boolean: 1 --yes'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #2' 'check boolean: 1 --no-doubt'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #3' 'check boolean: 1 -D'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #4' 'check boolean: 1 --no-fear'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #5' 'check boolean: 1 -B'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() is idempotent #1' 'check boolean: 1 --yes --yes'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() is idempotent #2' 'check boolean: 1 -DB'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() negation #1' 'check boolean: 0 -D --no-yes'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() negation #2' 'check boolean: 0 -D --no-no-doubt'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #1' 'check_unknown_i18n --fear'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #2' 'check_unknown_i18n --no-no-fear'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() positivation' 'check boolean: 0 -D --doubt'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_INT() negative' 'check integer: -2345 -i -2345'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_MAGNITUDE() simple' '
+	check magnitude: 2345678 -m 2345678
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_MAGNITUDE() kilo' '
+	check magnitude: 239616 -m 234k
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_MAGNITUDE() mega' '
+	check magnitude: 104857600 -m 100m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_MAGNITUDE() giga' '
+	check magnitude: 1073741824 -m 1g
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_MAGNITUDE() 3giga' '
+	check magnitude: 3221225472 -m 3g
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 2
 integer: 1729
+magnitude: 16384
 timestamp: 0
 string: 123
 abbrev: 7
 verbose: 2
-quiet: no
+quiet: 0
 dry run: yes
 file: prefix/my.file
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'short options' '
-	test-parse-options -s123 -b -i 1729 -b -vv -n -F my.file \
-	> output 2> output.err &&
+	test-parse-options -s123 -b -i 1729 -m 16k -b -vv -n -F my.file \
+	>output 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
-	test ! -s output.err
+	test_must_be_empty output.err
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 2
 integer: 1729
+magnitude: 16384
 timestamp: 0
 string: 321
 abbrev: 10
 verbose: 2
-quiet: no
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: prefix/fi.le
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'long options' '
-	test-parse-options --boolean --integer 1729 --boolean --string2=321 \
-		--verbose --verbose --no-dry-run --abbrev=10 --file fi.le\
-		--obsolete > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options --boolean --integer 1729 --magnitude 16k \
+		--boolean --string2=321 --verbose --verbose --no-dry-run \
+		--abbrev=10 --file fi.le --obsolete \
+		>output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'missing required value' '
-	test-parse-options -s;
-	test $? = 129 &&
-	test-parse-options --string;
-	test $? = 129 &&
-	test-parse-options --file;
-	test $? = 129
+	test_expect_code 129 test-parse-options -s &&
+	test_expect_code 129 test-parse-options --string &&
+	test_expect_code 129 test-parse-options --file
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 1
 integer: 13
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: 123
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 arg 00: a1
@@ -118,227 +183,243 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'intermingled arguments' '
 	test-parse-options a1 --string 123 b1 --boolean -j 13 -- --boolean \
-		> output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+		>output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 0
 integer: 2
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option' '
-	test-parse-options --int 2 --boolean --no-bo > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options --int 2 --boolean --no-bo >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option with "="' '
-	test-parse-options --int=2 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options --int=2 >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ambiguously abbreviated option' '
-	test-parse-options --strin 123;
-	test $? = 129
+	test_expect_code 129 test-parse-options --strin 123
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 0
 integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: 123
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'non ambiguous option (after two options it abbreviates)' '
-	test-parse-options --st 123 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options --st 123 >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > typo.err << EOF
-error: did you mean \`--boolean\` (with two dashes ?)
+cat >typo.err <<\EOF
+error: did you mean `--boolean` (with two dashes ?)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
-	test_must_fail test-parse-options -boolean > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options -boolean >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp typo.err output.err
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+cat >typo.err <<\EOF
+error: did you mean `--ambiguous` (with two dashes ?)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options -ambiguous >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_cmp typo.err output.err
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 0
 integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 arg 00: --quux
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'keep some options as arguments' '
-	test-parse-options --quux > output 2> output.err &&
-        test ! -s output.err &&
-        test_cmp expect output
+	test-parse-options --quux >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 0
 integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 1
-string: default
+string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: yes
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 1
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 arg 00: foo
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'OPT_DATE() and OPT_SET_PTR() work' '
-	test-parse-options -t "1970-01-01 00:00:01 +0000" --default-string \
-		foo -q > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+test_expect_success 'OPT_DATE() works' '
+	test-parse-options -t "1970-01-01 00:00:01 +0000" \
+		foo -q >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 Callback: "four", 0
 boolean: 5
 integer: 4
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and OPT_BIT() work' '
-	test-parse-options --length=four -b -4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options --length=four -b -4 >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
-Callback: "not set", 1
-EOF
+>expect
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and callback errors work' '
-	test_must_fail test-parse-options --no-length > output 2> output.err &&
-	test_cmp expect output &&
-	test_cmp expect.err output.err
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options --no-length >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err output.err
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 1
 integer: 23
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
-	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --no-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --no-or4 >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
-	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --neg-or4 >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 6
 integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() works' '
-	test-parse-options -bb --or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options -bb --or4 >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() works' '
-	test-parse-options -bb --no-neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options -bb --no-neg-or4 >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOLEAN() with PARSE_OPT_NODASH works' '
-	test-parse-options + + + + + + > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+test_expect_success 'OPT_COUNTUP() with PARSE_OPT_NODASH works' '
+	test-parse-options + + + + + + >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 0
 integer: 12345
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK() works' '
-	test-parse-options -12345 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test-parse-options -12345 >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
+cat >expect <<\EOF
 boolean: 0
 integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
 timestamp: 0
 string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
-verbose: 0
-quiet: no
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
 dry run: no
 file: (not set)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'negation of OPT_NONEG flags is not ambiguous' '
 	test-parse-options --no-ambig >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >>expect <<'EOF'
+cat >>expect <<\EOF
 list: foo
 list: bar
 list: baz
@@ -354,4 +435,118 @@ test_expect_success '--no-list resets list' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 3
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple quiet levels' '
+	test-parse-options -q -q -q >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 3
+quiet: 0
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple verbose levels' '
+	test-parse-options -v -v -v >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--no-quiet sets --quiet to 0' '
+	test-parse-options --no-quiet >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: -1
+quiet: 0
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--no-quiet resets multiple -q to 0' '
+	test-parse-options -q -q -q --no-quiet >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: 0
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verbose sets verbose to 0' '
+	test-parse-options --no-verbose >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+magnitude: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: 0
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verbose resets multiple verbose to 0' '
+	test-parse-options -v -v -v --no-verbose >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
index 1542cf6a13..b29d749bb7 100755
--- a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
+++ b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
@@ -7,78 +7,55 @@ test_description='Various filesystem issues'
 auml=$(printf '\303\244')
 aumlcdiar=$(printf '\141\314\210')
 
-case_insensitive=
-unibad=
-no_symlinks=
-test_expect_success 'see what we expect' '
-
-	test_case=test_expect_success &&
-	test_unicode=test_expect_success &&
-	mkdir junk &&
-	echo good >junk/CamelCase &&
-	echo bad >junk/camelcase &&
-	if test "$(cat junk/CamelCase)" != good
-	then
-		test_case=test_expect_failure &&
-		case_insensitive=t
-	fi &&
-	rm -fr junk &&
-	mkdir junk &&
-	>junk/"$auml" &&
-	case "$(cd junk && echo *)" in
-	"$aumlcdiar")
-		test_unicode=test_expect_failure &&
-		unibad=t
-		;;
-	*)	;;
-	esac &&
-	rm -fr junk &&
-	{
-		ln -s x y 2> /dev/null &&
-		test -h y 2> /dev/null ||
-		no_symlinks=1 &&
-		rm -f y
-	}
-'
-
-test "$case_insensitive" &&
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
 	say "will test on a case insensitive filesystem"
-test "$unibad" &&
+	test_case=test_expect_failure
+else
+	test_case=test_expect_success
+fi
+
+if test_have_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+then
 	say "will test on a unicode corrupting filesystem"
-test "$no_symlinks" &&
+	test_unicode=test_expect_failure
+else
+	test_unicode=test_expect_success
+fi
+
+test_have_prereq SYMLINKS ||
 	say "will test on a filesystem lacking symbolic links"
 
-if test "$case_insensitive"
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
 	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = true
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
-	test_must_fail git config --bool core.ignorecase >/dev/null ||
-	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = false
+	{
+		test_must_fail git config --bool core.ignorecase >/dev/null ||
+			test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = false
+	}
 '
 fi
 
-if test "$no_symlinks"
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
-	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
-	test "$v" = false
+	{
+		test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
+		test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
+	}
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
-	test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
-	test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
+	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
+	test "$v" = false
 '
 fi
 
 test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
-
 	git config core.ignorecase true &&
 	touch camelcase &&
 	git add camelcase &&
@@ -89,29 +66,23 @@ test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
 	git mv tmp CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename" &&
 	git checkout -f master
-
 '
 
-$test_case 'rename (case change)' '
-
+test_expect_success 'rename (case change)' '
 	git mv camelcase CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename"
-
 '
 
-$test_case 'merge (case change)' '
-
+test_expect_success 'merge (case change)' '
 	rm -f CamelCase &&
 	rm -f camelcase &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	git merge topic
-
 '
 
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'add (with different case)' '
-
+test_expect_failure CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS 'add (with different case)' '
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	rm camelcase &&
 	echo 1 >CamelCase &&
@@ -119,37 +90,31 @@ test_expect_failure 'add (with different case)' '
 	camel=$(git ls-files | grep -i camelcase) &&
 	test $(echo "$camel" | wc -l) = 1 &&
 	test "z$(git cat-file blob :$camel)" = z1
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success "setup unicode normalization tests" '
-
-  test_create_repo unicode &&
-  cd unicode &&
-  touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git commit -m initial &&
-  git tag initial &&
-  git checkout -b topic &&
-  git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
-  git mv tmp "$auml" &&
-  git commit -m rename &&
-  git checkout -f master
-
+	test_create_repo unicode &&
+	cd unicode &&
+	git config core.precomposeunicode false &&
+	touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git checkout -b topic &&
+	git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
+	git mv tmp "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	git checkout -f master
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'rename (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
- git commit -m rename
-
+	git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'merge (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git reset --hard initial &&
- git merge topic
-
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git merge topic
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0056-git-C.sh b/t/t0056-git-C.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2630e756da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0056-git-C.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='"-C <path>" option and its effects on other path-related options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success '"git -C <path>" runs git from the directory <path>' '
+	test_create_repo dir1 &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/a.txt &&
+	msg="initial in dir1" &&
+	(cd dir1 && git add a.txt && git commit -m "$msg") &&
+	echo "$msg" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1 log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git -C <path>" with an empty <path> is a no-op' '
+	(
+		mkdir -p dir1/subdir &&
+		cd dir1/subdir &&
+		git -C "" rev-parse --show-prefix >actual &&
+		echo subdir/ >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Multiple -C options: "-C dir1 -C dir2" is equivalent to "-C dir1/dir2"' '
+	test_create_repo dir1/dir2 &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/dir2/b.txt &&
+	git -C dir1/dir2 add b.txt &&
+	msg="initial in dir1/dir2" &&
+	echo "$msg" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1/dir2 commit -m "$msg" &&
+	git -C dir1 -C dir2 log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --git-dir option: "-C c --git-dir=a.git" is equivalent to "--git-dir c/a.git"' '
+	mkdir c &&
+	mkdir c/a &&
+	mkdir c/a.git &&
+	(cd c/a.git && git init --bare) &&
+	echo 1 >c/a/a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir c/a.git --work-tree=c/a add a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir c/a.git --work-tree=c/a commit -m "initial" &&
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git log -1 --format=%s >expected &&
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "--git-dir=a.git -C c" is equivalent to "-C c --git-dir=a.git"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git log -1 --format=%s >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git -C c log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --work-tree option: "-C c/a.git --work-tree=../a"  is equivalent to "--work-tree=c/a --git-dir=c/a.git"' '
+	rm c/a/a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a status >expected &&
+	git -C c/a.git --work-tree=../a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "--work-tree=../a -C c/a.git" is equivalent to "-C c/a.git --work-tree=../a"' '
+	git -C c/a.git --work-tree=../a status >expected &&
+	git --work-tree=../a -C c/a.git status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --git-dir and --work-tree options - "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a"' '
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a status >expected &&
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=a.git -C c --work-tree=a"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git -C c --work-tree=a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a -C c"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a -C c status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Relative followed by fullpath: "-C ./here -C /there" is equivalent to "-C /there"' '
+	echo "initial in dir1/dir2" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1 -C "$(pwd)/dir1/dir2" log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
index 53cf1f8dc4..bf2deee109 100755
--- a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
+++ b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
@@ -8,8 +8,30 @@ test_description='Test various path utilities'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 norm_path() {
+	expected=$(test-path-utils print_path "$2")
 	test_expect_success $3 "normalize path: $1 => $2" \
-	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$2'"
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$expected'"
+}
+
+relative_path() {
+	expected=$(test-path-utils print_path "$3")
+	test_expect_success $4 "relative path: $1 $2 => $3" \
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils relative_path '$1' '$2')\" = '$expected'"
+}
+
+test_submodule_relative_url() {
+	test_expect_success "test_submodule_relative_url: $1 $2 $3 => $4" "
+		actual=\$(git submodule--helper resolve-relative-url-test '$1' '$2' '$3') &&
+		test \"\$actual\" = '$4'
+	"
+}
+
+test_git_path() {
+	test_expect_success "git-path $1 $2 => $3" "
+		$1 git rev-parse --git-path $2 >actual &&
+		echo $3 >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	"
 }
 
 # On Windows, we are using MSYS's bash, which mangles the paths.
@@ -21,12 +43,21 @@ if test $rootoff = 2; then
 	rootoff=	# we are on Unix
 else
 	rootoff=$(($rootoff-1))
+	# In MSYS2, the root directory "/" is translated into a Windows
+	# directory *with* trailing slash. Let's test for that and adjust
+	# our expected longest ancestor length accordingly.
+	case "$(test-path-utils print_path /)" in
+	*/) rootslash=1;;
+	*) rootslash=0;;
+	esac
 fi
 
 ancestor() {
 	# We do some math with the expected ancestor length.
 	expected=$3
 	if test -n "$rootoff" && test "x$expected" != x-1; then
+		expected=$(($expected-$rootslash))
+		test $expected -lt 0 ||
 		expected=$(($expected+$rootoff))
 	fi
 	test_expect_success "longest ancestor: $1 $2 => $expected" \
@@ -34,8 +65,8 @@ ancestor() {
 	 test \"\$actual\" = '$expected'"
 }
 
-# Absolute path tests must be skipped on Windows because due to path mangling
-# the test program never sees a POSIX-style absolute path
+# Some absolute path tests should be skipped on Windows due to path mangling
+# on POSIX-style absolute paths
 case $(uname -s) in
 *MINGW*)
 	;;
@@ -44,6 +75,9 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 	;;
 esac
 
+test_expect_success basename 'test-path-utils basename'
+test_expect_success dirname 'test-path-utils dirname'
+
 norm_path "" ""
 norm_path . ""
 norm_path ./ ""
@@ -68,75 +102,246 @@ norm_path d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 d2
 norm_path d1/.../d2 d1/.../d2
 norm_path d1/..././../d2 d1/d2
 
-norm_path / / POSIX
+norm_path / /
 norm_path // / POSIX
 norm_path /// / POSIX
-norm_path /. / POSIX
+norm_path /. /
 norm_path /./ / POSIX
 norm_path /./.. ++failed++ POSIX
-norm_path /../. ++failed++ POSIX
+norm_path /../. ++failed++
 norm_path /./../.// ++failed++ POSIX
 norm_path /dir/.. / POSIX
 norm_path /dir/sub/../.. / POSIX
 norm_path /dir/sub/../../.. ++failed++ POSIX
-norm_path /dir /dir POSIX
-norm_path /dir// /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /./dir /dir POSIX
-norm_path /dir/. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir///./ /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /dir /dir
+norm_path /dir// /dir/
+norm_path /./dir /dir
+norm_path /dir/. /dir/
+norm_path /dir///./ /dir/
+norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/
+norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/
 norm_path //dir/sub/../. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/ POSIX
-norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/ POSIX
-norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2 POSIX
-norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2 POSIX
-norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2 POSIX
+norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/
+norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/
+norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2
+norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2
+norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2
 
-ancestor / "" -1
 ancestor / / -1
-ancestor /foo "" -1
-ancestor /foo : -1
-ancestor /foo ::. -1
-ancestor /foo ::..:: -1
 ancestor /foo / 0
 ancestor /foo /fo -1
 ancestor /foo /foo -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/ -1
 ancestor /foo /bar -1
-ancestor /foo /bar/ -1
 ancestor /foo /foo/bar -1
-ancestor /foo /foo:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo::/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /:/bar/:/foo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar "" -1
+ancestor /foo /foo:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /:/bar:/foo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar / 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar foo -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ba -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /:/fo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/foo/ba 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /fo: -1
-ancestor /foo/bar :/fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/:/fo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/. 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/.:.: 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/./:.:/bar 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar:/fo 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
 
 test_expect_success 'strip_path_suffix' '
 	test c:/msysgit = $(test-path-utils strip_path_suffix \
 		c:/msysgit/libexec//git-core libexec/git-core)
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute path rejects the empty string' '
+	test_must_fail test-path-utils absolute_path ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path rejects the empty string' '
+	test_must_fail test-path-utils real_path ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIX 'real path works on absolute paths 1' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	test "/" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "/")" &&
+	test "/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path works on absolute paths 2' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIX 'real path removes extra leading slashes' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	test "/" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "///")" &&
+	test "/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "///$nopath")" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "//$d")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "//$d/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path removes other extra slashes' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d///")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d///$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'real path works on symlinks' '
+	mkdir first &&
+	ln -s ../.git first/.git &&
+	mkdir second &&
+	ln -s ../first second/other &&
+	mkdir third &&
+	dir="$(cd .git; pwd -P)" &&
+	dir2=third/../second/other/.git &&
+	test "$dir" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2)" &&
+	file="$dir"/index &&
+	test "$file" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2/index)" &&
+	basename=blub &&
+	test "$dir/$basename" = "$(cd .git && test-path-utils real_path "$basename")" &&
+	ln -s ../first/file .git/syml &&
+	sym="$(cd first; pwd -P)"/file &&
+	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$dir2/syml")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'prefix_path works with absolute paths to work tree symlinks' '
+	ln -s target symlink &&
+	test "$(test-path-utils prefix_path prefix "$(pwd)/symlink")" = "symlink"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefix_path works with only absolute path to work tree' '
+	echo "" >expected &&
+	test-path-utils prefix_path prefix "$(pwd)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefix_path rejects absolute path to dir with same beginning as work tree' '
+	test_must_fail test-path-utils prefix_path prefix "$(pwd)a"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'prefix_path works with absolute path to a symlink to work tree having  same beginning as work tree' '
+	git init repo &&
+	ln -s repo repolink &&
+	test "a" = "$(cd repo && test-path-utils prefix_path prefix "$(pwd)/../repolink/a")"
+'
+
+relative_path /foo/a/b/c/	/foo/a/b/	c/
+relative_path /foo/a/b/c/	/foo/a/b	c/
+relative_path /foo/a//b//c/	///foo/a/b//	c/		POSIX
+relative_path /foo/a/b		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path /foo/a/b/		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path /foo/a		/foo/a/b	../
+relative_path /			/foo/a/b/	../../../
+relative_path /foo/a/c		/foo/a/b/	../c
+relative_path /foo/a/c		/foo/a/b	../c
+relative_path /foo/x/y		/foo/a/b/	../../x/y
+relative_path /foo/a/b		"<empty>"	/foo/a/b
+relative_path /foo/a/b 		"<null>"	/foo/a/b
+relative_path foo/a/b/c/	foo/a/b/	c/
+relative_path foo/a/b/c/	foo/a/b		c/
+relative_path foo/a/b//c	foo/a//b	c
+relative_path foo/a/b/		foo/a/b/	./
+relative_path foo/a/b/		foo/a/b		./
+relative_path foo/a		foo/a/b		../
+relative_path foo/x/y		foo/a/b		../../x/y
+relative_path foo/a/c		foo/a/b		../c
+relative_path foo/a/b		/foo/x/y	foo/a/b
+relative_path /foo/a/b		foo/x/y		/foo/a/b
+relative_path d:/a/b		D:/a/c		../b		MINGW
+relative_path C:/a/b		D:/a/c		C:/a/b		MINGW
+relative_path foo/a/b		"<empty>"	foo/a/b
+relative_path foo/a/b 		"<null>"	foo/a/b
+relative_path "<empty>"		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path "<empty>"		"<empty>"	./
+relative_path "<empty>"		"<null>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		"<empty>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		"<null>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		/foo/a/b	./
+
+test_git_path A=B                info/grafts .git/info/grafts
+test_git_path GIT_GRAFT_FILE=foo info/grafts foo
+test_git_path GIT_GRAFT_FILE=foo info/////grafts foo
+test_git_path GIT_INDEX_FILE=foo index foo
+test_git_path GIT_INDEX_FILE=foo index/foo .git/index/foo
+test_git_path GIT_INDEX_FILE=foo index2 .git/index2
+test_expect_success 'setup fake objects directory foo' 'mkdir foo'
+test_git_path GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=foo objects foo
+test_git_path GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=foo objects/foo foo/foo
+test_git_path GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=foo objects2 .git/objects2
+test_expect_success 'setup common repository' 'git --git-dir=bar init'
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar index                    .git/index
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar HEAD                     .git/HEAD
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar logs/HEAD                .git/logs/HEAD
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar logs/refs/bisect/foo     .git/logs/refs/bisect/foo
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar logs/refs/bisec/foo      bar/logs/refs/bisec/foo
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar logs/refs/bisec          bar/logs/refs/bisec
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar logs/refs/bisectfoo      bar/logs/refs/bisectfoo
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar objects                  bar/objects
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar objects/bar              bar/objects/bar
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar info/exclude             bar/info/exclude
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar info/grafts              bar/info/grafts
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar info/sparse-checkout     .git/info/sparse-checkout
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar info//sparse-checkout    .git/info//sparse-checkout
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar remotes/bar              bar/remotes/bar
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar branches/bar             bar/branches/bar
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar logs/refs/heads/master   bar/logs/refs/heads/master
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar refs/heads/master        bar/refs/heads/master
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar refs/bisect/foo          .git/refs/bisect/foo
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar hooks/me                 bar/hooks/me
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar config                   bar/config
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar packed-refs              bar/packed-refs
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar shallow                  bar/shallow
+
+# In the tests below, the distinction between $PWD and $(pwd) is important:
+# on Windows, $PWD is POSIX style (/c/foo), $(pwd) has drive letter (c:/foo).
+
+test_submodule_relative_url "../" "../foo" "../submodule" "../../submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "../" "../foo/bar" "../submodule" "../../foo/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "../" "../foo/submodule" "../submodule" "../../foo/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "../" "./foo" "../submodule" "../submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "../" "./foo/bar" "../submodule" "../foo/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "../../../" "../foo/bar" "../sub/a/b/c" "../../../../foo/sub/a/b/c"
+test_submodule_relative_url "../" "$PWD/addtest" "../repo" "$(pwd)/repo"
+test_submodule_relative_url "../" "foo/bar" "../submodule" "../foo/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "../" "foo" "../submodule" "../submodule"
+
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "../foo/bar" "../sub/a/b/c" "../foo/sub/a/b/c"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "../foo/bar" "../submodule" "../foo/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "../foo/submodule" "../submodule" "../foo/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "../foo" "../submodule" "../submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "./foo/bar" "../submodule" "foo/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "./foo" "../submodule" "submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "//somewhere else/repo" "../subrepo" "//somewhere else/subrepo"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD/subsuper_update_r" "../subsubsuper_update_r" "$(pwd)/subsubsuper_update_r"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD/super_update_r2" "../subsuper_update_r" "$(pwd)/subsuper_update_r"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD/." "../." "$(pwd)/."
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD" "./." "$(pwd)/."
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD/addtest" "../repo" "$(pwd)/repo"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD" "./å äö" "$(pwd)/å äö"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD/." "../submodule" "$(pwd)/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD/submodule" "../submodule" "$(pwd)/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD/home2/../remote" "../bundle1" "$(pwd)/home2/../bundle1"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "$PWD/submodule_update_repo" "./." "$(pwd)/submodule_update_repo/."
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "file:///tmp/repo" "../subrepo" "file:///tmp/subrepo"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "foo/bar" "../submodule" "foo/submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "foo" "../submodule" "submodule"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "helper:://hostname/repo" "../subrepo" "helper:://hostname/subrepo"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "ssh://hostname/repo" "../subrepo" "ssh://hostname/subrepo"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "ssh://hostname:22/repo" "../subrepo" "ssh://hostname:22/subrepo"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "user@host:path/to/repo" "../subrepo" "user@host:path/to/subrepo"
+test_submodule_relative_url "(null)" "user@host:repo" "../subrepo" "user@host:subrepo"
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0061-run-command.sh b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
index 8d4938f019..12228b4aa6 100755
--- a/t/t0061-run-command.sh
+++ b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
@@ -34,4 +34,70 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'run_command reports EACCES' '
 	grep "fatal: cannot exec.*hello.sh" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'unreadable directory in PATH' '
+	mkdir local-command &&
+	test_when_finished "chmod u+rwx local-command && rm -fr local-command" &&
+	git config alias.nitfol "!echo frotz" &&
+	chmod a-rx local-command &&
+	(
+		PATH=./local-command:$PATH &&
+		git nitfol >actual
+	) &&
+	echo frotz >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<-EOF
+preloaded output of a child
+Hello
+World
+preloaded output of a child
+Hello
+World
+preloaded output of a child
+Hello
+World
+preloaded output of a child
+Hello
+World
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'run_command runs in parallel with more jobs available than tasks' '
+	test-run-command run-command-parallel 5 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run_command runs in parallel with as many jobs as tasks' '
+	test-run-command run-command-parallel 4 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run_command runs in parallel with more tasks than jobs available' '
+	test-run-command run-command-parallel 3 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<-EOF
+preloaded output of a child
+asking for a quick stop
+preloaded output of a child
+asking for a quick stop
+preloaded output of a child
+asking for a quick stop
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'run_command is asked to abort gracefully' '
+	test-run-command run-command-abort 3 false 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<-EOF
+no further jobs available
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'run_command outputs ' '
+	test-run-command run-command-no-jobs 3 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0062-revision-walking.sh b/t/t0062-revision-walking.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..113c728e67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0062-revision-walking.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Heiko Voigt
+#
+
+test_description='Test revision walking api'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >run_twice_expected <<-EOF
+1st
+ > add b
+ > add a
+2nd
+ > add b
+ > add a
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo a > a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m "add a" &&
+	echo b > b &&
+	git add b &&
+	git commit -m "add b"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revision walking can be done twice' '
+	test-revision-walking run-twice >run_twice_actual &&
+	test_cmp run_twice_expected run_twice_actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0063-string-list.sh b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..dbfc05ebdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Michael Haggerty
+#
+
+test_description='Test string list functionality'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_split () {
+	cat >expected &&
+	test_expect_success "split $1 at $2, max $3" "
+		test-string-list split '$1' '$2' '$3' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual &&
+		test-string-list split_in_place '$1' '$2' '$3' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: "baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "0" <<EOF
+1
+[0]: "foo:bar:baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "1" <<EOF
+2
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar:baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "2" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: "baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_split "" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+1
+[0]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_split ":" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+2
+[0]: ""
+[1]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "test filter_string_list" '
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter - y)" &&
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter no y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter yes y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter no:yes y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter yes:no y)" &&
+	test y1:y2 = "$(test-string-list filter y1:y2 y)" &&
+	test y2:y1 = "$(test-string-list filter y2:y1 y)" &&
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter x1:x2 y)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "test remove_duplicates" '
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list remove_duplicates -)" &&
+	test "x" = "x$(test-string-list remove_duplicates "")" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a)" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a)" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:a:a:a)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:b)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:c:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b:b:c:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:a:b:b:b:c:c:c)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0064-sha1-array.sh b/t/t0064-sha1-array.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..50b31ffe75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0064-sha1-array.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic tests for the SHA1 array implementation'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+echo20 () {
+	prefix="${1:+$1 }"
+	shift
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		echo "$prefix$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1"
+		shift
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'ordered enumeration' '
+	echo20 "" 44 55 88 aa >expect &&
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo for_each_unique
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ordered enumeration with duplicate suppression' '
+	echo20 "" 44 55 88 aa >expect &&
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo for_each_unique
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 55
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -eq 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup non-existing entry' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 33
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -lt 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup with duplicates' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 55
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -ge 2 &&
+	test "$n" -le 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup non-existing entry with duplicates' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 66
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -lt 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup with almost duplicate values' '
+	{
+		echo "append 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555" &&
+		echo "append 555555555555555555555555555555555555555f" &&
+		echo20 lookup 55
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -eq 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup with single duplicate value' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 55 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 55
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -ge 0 &&
+	test "$n" -le 1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
index 9bee8bfd2e..5ed69a6f56 100755
--- a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
+++ b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'mktemp to nonexistent directory prints filename' '
 	grep "doesnotexist/test" err
 '
 
-test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
 	mkdir cannotwrite &&
 	chmod -w cannotwrite &&
 	test_when_finished "chmod +w cannotwrite" &&
@@ -25,4 +25,13 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
 	grep "cannotwrite/test" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git_mkstemps_mode does not fail if fd 0 is not open' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m message <&-
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check for a bug in the regex routines' '
+	# if this test fails, re-build git with NO_REGEX=1
+	test-regex
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0080-vcs-svn.sh b/t/t0080-vcs-svn.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 99a314b080..0000000000
--- a/t/t0080-vcs-svn.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='check infrastructure for svn importer'
-
-. ./test-lib.sh
-uint32_max=4294967295
-
-test_expect_success 'obj pool: store data' '
-	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
-	0
-	1
-	EOF
-
-	test-obj-pool <<-\EOF >actual &&
-	alloc one 16
-	set one 13
-	test one 13
-	reset one
-	EOF
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'obj pool: NULL is offset ~0' '
-	echo "$uint32_max" >expected &&
-	echo null one | test-obj-pool >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'obj pool: out-of-bounds access' '
-	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
-	0
-	0
-	$uint32_max
-	$uint32_max
-	16
-	20
-	$uint32_max
-	EOF
-
-	test-obj-pool <<-\EOF >actual &&
-	alloc one 16
-	alloc two 16
-	offset one 20
-	offset two 20
-	alloc one 5
-	offset one 20
-	free one 1
-	offset one 20
-	reset one
-	reset two
-	EOF
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'obj pool: high-water mark' '
-	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
-	0
-	0
-	10
-	20
-	20
-	20
-	EOF
-
-	test-obj-pool <<-\EOF >actual &&
-	alloc one 10
-	committed one
-	alloc one 10
-	commit one
-	committed one
-	alloc one 10
-	free one 20
-	committed one
-	reset one
-	EOF
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'string pool' '
-	echo a does not equal b >expected.differ &&
-	echo a equals a >expected.match &&
-	echo equals equals equals >expected.matchmore &&
-
-	test-string-pool "a,--b" >actual.differ &&
-	test-string-pool "a,a" >actual.match &&
-	test-string-pool "equals-equals" >actual.matchmore &&
-	test_must_fail test-string-pool a,a,a &&
-	test_must_fail test-string-pool a &&
-
-	test_cmp expected.differ actual.differ &&
-	test_cmp expected.match actual.match &&
-	test_cmp expected.matchmore actual.matchmore
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'treap sort' '
-	cat <<-\EOF >unsorted &&
-	68
-	12
-	13
-	13
-	68
-	13
-	13
-	21
-	10
-	11
-	12
-	13
-	13
-	EOF
-	sort unsorted >expected &&
-
-	test-treap <unsorted >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t0081-line-buffer.sh b/t/t0081-line-buffer.sh
index bd83ed371a..ce92e6acad 100755
--- a/t/t0081-line-buffer.sh
+++ b/t/t0081-line-buffer.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ test_expect_success '0-length read, send along greeting' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'read from file descriptor' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'read from file descriptor' '
 	rm -f input &&
 	echo hello >expect &&
 	echo hello >input &&
diff --git a/t/t0090-cache-tree.sh b/t/t0090-cache-tree.sh
index 6c33e28ee8..adfd4f0b5e 100755
--- a/t/t0090-cache-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t0090-cache-tree.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ cache-tree extension.
  . ./test-lib.sh
 
 cmp_cache_tree () {
-	test-dump-cache-tree >actual &&
+	test-dump-cache-tree | sed -e '/#(ref)/d' >actual &&
 	sed "s/$_x40/SHA/" <actual >filtered &&
 	test_cmp "$1" filtered
 }
@@ -16,15 +16,40 @@ cmp_cache_tree () {
 # We don't bother with actually checking the SHA1:
 # test-dump-cache-tree already verifies that all existing data is
 # correct.
-test_shallow_cache_tree () {
-	printf "SHA  (%d entries, 0 subtrees)\n" $(git ls-files|wc -l) >expect &&
+generate_expected_cache_tree_rec () {
+	dir="$1${1:+/}" &&
+	parent="$2" &&
+	# ls-files might have foo/bar, foo/bar/baz, and foo/bar/quux
+	# We want to count only foo because it's the only direct child
+	subtrees=$(git ls-files|grep /|cut -d / -f 1|uniq) &&
+	subtree_count=$(echo "$subtrees"|awk -v c=0 '$1 != "" {++c} END {print c}') &&
+	entries=$(git ls-files|wc -l) &&
+	printf "SHA $dir (%d entries, %d subtrees)\n" "$entries" "$subtree_count" &&
+	for subtree in $subtrees
+	do
+		cd "$subtree"
+		generate_expected_cache_tree_rec "$dir$subtree" "$dir" || return 1
+		cd ..
+	done &&
+	dir=$parent
+}
+
+generate_expected_cache_tree () {
+	(
+		generate_expected_cache_tree_rec
+	)
+}
+
+test_cache_tree () {
+	generate_expected_cache_tree >expect &&
 	cmp_cache_tree expect
 }
 
 test_invalid_cache_tree () {
-	echo "invalid                                   (0 subtrees)" >expect &&
-	printf "SHA #(ref)  (%d entries, 0 subtrees)\n" $(git ls-files|wc -l) >>expect &&
-	cmp_cache_tree expect
+	printf "invalid                                  %s ()\n" "" "$@" >expect &&
+	test-dump-cache-tree |
+	sed -n -e "s/[0-9]* subtrees//" -e '/#(ref)/d' -e '/^invalid /p' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
 test_no_cache_tree () {
@@ -32,26 +57,59 @@ test_no_cache_tree () {
 	cmp_cache_tree expect
 }
 
-test_expect_failure 'initial commit has cache-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'initial commit has cache-tree' '
 	test_commit foo &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree HEAD establishes cache-tree' '
 	git read-tree HEAD &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git-add invalidates cache-tree' '
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard; git read-tree HEAD" &&
-	echo "I changed this file" > foo &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	test_invalid_cache_tree
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git-add in subdir invalidates cache-tree' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard; git read-tree HEAD" &&
+	mkdir dirx &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >dirx/foo &&
+	git add dirx/foo &&
+	test_invalid_cache_tree
+'
+
+cat >before <<\EOF
+SHA  (3 entries, 2 subtrees)
+SHA dir1/ (1 entries, 0 subtrees)
+SHA dir2/ (1 entries, 0 subtrees)
+EOF
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+invalid                                   (2 subtrees)
+invalid                                  dir1/ (0 subtrees)
+SHA dir2/ (1 entries, 0 subtrees)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git-add in subdir does not invalidate sibling cache-tree' '
+	git tag no-children &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard no-children; git read-tree HEAD" &&
+	mkdir dir1 dir2 &&
+	test_commit dir1/a &&
+	test_commit dir2/b &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >dir1/a &&
+	cmp_cache_tree before &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >dir1/a &&
+	git add dir1/a &&
+	cmp_cache_tree expect
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'update-index invalidates cache-tree' '
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard; git read-tree HEAD" &&
-	echo "I changed this file" > foo &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >foo &&
 	git update-index --add foo &&
 	test_invalid_cache_tree
 '
@@ -59,7 +117,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index invalidates cache-tree' '
 test_expect_success 'write-tree establishes cache-tree' '
 	test-scrap-cache-tree &&
 	git write-tree &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'test-scrap-cache-tree works' '
@@ -70,24 +128,128 @@ test_expect_success 'test-scrap-cache-tree works' '
 
 test_expect_success 'second commit has cache-tree' '
 	test_commit bar &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'commit --interactive gives cache-tree on partial commit' '
+	cat <<-\EOT >foo.c &&
+	int foo()
+	{
+		return 42;
+	}
+	int bar()
+	{
+		return 42;
+	}
+	EOT
+	git add foo.c &&
+	test_invalid_cache_tree &&
+	git commit -m "add a file" &&
+	test_cache_tree &&
+	cat <<-\EOT >foo.c &&
+	int foo()
+	{
+		return 43;
+	}
+	int bar()
+	{
+		return 44;
+	}
+	EOT
+	(echo p; echo 1; echo; echo s; echo n; echo y; echo q) |
+	git commit --interactive -m foo &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit in child dir has cache-tree' '
+	mkdir dir &&
+	>dir/child.t &&
+	git add dir/child.t &&
+	git commit -m dir/child.t &&
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --hard gives cache-tree' '
 	test-scrap-cache-tree &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --hard without index gives cache-tree' '
 	rm -f .git/index &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'checkout gives cache-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout gives cache-tree' '
+	git tag current &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -b gives cache-tree' '
+	git checkout current &&
+	git checkout -b prev HEAD^ &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -B gives cache-tree' '
+	git checkout current &&
+	git checkout -B prev HEAD^ &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge --ff-only maintains cache-tree' '
+	git checkout current &&
+	git checkout -b changes &&
+	test_commit llamas &&
+	test_commit pachyderm &&
+	test_cache_tree &&
+	git checkout current &&
+	test_cache_tree &&
+	git merge --ff-only changes &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge maintains cache-tree' '
+	git checkout current &&
+	git checkout -b changes2 &&
+	test_commit alpacas &&
+	test_cache_tree &&
+	git checkout current &&
+	test_commit struthio &&
+	test_cache_tree &&
+	git merge changes2 &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'partial commit gives cache-tree' '
+	git checkout -b partial no-children &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	echo "some change" >one.t &&
+	git add one.t &&
+	echo "some other change" >two.t &&
+	git commit two.t -m partial &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no phantom error when switching trees' '
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	>newdir/one &&
+	git add newdir/one &&
+	git checkout 2>errors &&
+	! test -s errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switching trees does not invalidate shared index' '
+	git update-index --split-index &&
+	>split &&
+	git add split &&
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | grep -v ^own >before &&
+	git commit -m "as-is" &&
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | grep -v ^own >after &&
+	test_cmp before after
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0100-previous.sh b/t/t0100-previous.sh
index 315b9b3f10..e0a6940232 100755
--- a/t/t0100-previous.sh
+++ b/t/t0100-previous.sh
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}' '
 	test_commit B &&
 	git checkout A &&
 	test_commit C &&
+	test_commit D &&
 	git branch -f master B &&
 	git branch -f other &&
 	git checkout other &&
@@ -35,14 +36,24 @@ test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}' '
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'merge @{-1} when there is not enough switches yet' '
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}~1' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard B &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge @{-1}~1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-100} before checking out that many branches yet' '
 	git reflog expire --expire=now &&
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	git reset --hard B &&
 	git branch -f other C &&
 	git checkout other &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	test_must_fail git merge @{-12}
+	test_must_fail git merge @{-100}
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh b/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..410d5768ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='urlmatch URL normalization'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# The base name of the test url files
+tu="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t0110/url"
+
+# Note that only file: URLs should be allowed without a host
+
+test_expect_success 'url scheme' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "_" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file:/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "x_test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "-test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "0test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "+test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization ".test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "schem%6e://" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "x-Test+v1.0://acme.co" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "AbCdeF://x.Y")" = "abcdef://x.y/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url authority' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://?" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://#" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:///" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://:555" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://user:pass@" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://?" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://#" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file:///" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file://:555" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@host" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://@host" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://%00@host" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://%%@host" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host_" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://@host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host?x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host#x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host/@" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host?@x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host#@x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[::1]" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[::1]/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://hos%41/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[invalid....:/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:]/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:[/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:["
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url port checks' '
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:456/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0000000" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0000001?" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:065535#" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:65535" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:65536" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:99999" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:100000" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:100001" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@some.host:80" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://q@some.host:443" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@some.host:80/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://q@some.host:443?" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@:8008" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://:8080" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://:" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:456/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:456/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:000/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:0%300/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:0x80/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:4294967297/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:030f/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url port normalization' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:0800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:00000800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:065535")" = "http://x:65535/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:1")" = "http://x:1/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:80")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:080")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:000000080")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:443")" = "https://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:0443")" = "https://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:000000443")" = "https://x/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url general escapes' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://x.y?%fg" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/%7e%41^%3a")" = "x://w/~A%5E%3A" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/:/?#[]@")" = "x://w/:/?#[]@" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/$&()*+,;=")" = "x://w/$&()*+,;=" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/'\''")" = "x://w/'\''" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W?'\!'")" = "x://w/?'\!'"
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'url high-bit escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-1")")" = "x://q/%01%02%03%04%05%06%07%08%0E%0F%10%11%12" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-2")")" = "x://q/%13%14%15%16%17%18%19%1B%1C%1D%1E%1F%7F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-3")")" = "x://q/%80%81%82%83%84%85%86%87%88%89%8A%8B%8C%8D%8E%8F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-4")")" = "x://q/%90%91%92%93%94%95%96%97%98%99%9A%9B%9C%9D%9E%9F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-5")")" = "x://q/%A0%A1%A2%A3%A4%A5%A6%A7%A8%A9%AA%AB%AC%AD%AE%AF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-6")")" = "x://q/%B0%B1%B2%B3%B4%B5%B6%B7%B8%B9%BA%BB%BC%BD%BE%BF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-7")")" = "x://q/%C0%C1%C2%C3%C4%C5%C6%C7%C8%C9%CA%CB%CC%CD%CE%CF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-8")")" = "x://q/%D0%D1%D2%D3%D4%D5%D6%D7%D8%D9%DA%DB%DC%DD%DE%DF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-9")")" = "x://q/%E0%E1%E2%E3%E4%E5%E6%E7%E8%E9%EA%EB%EC%ED%EE%EF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-10")")" = "x://q/%F0%F1%F2%F3%F4%F5%F6%F7%F8%F9%FA%FB%FC%FD%FE%FF"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url utf-8 escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-11")")" = "x://q/%C2%80%DF%BF%E0%A0%80%EF%BF%BD%F0%90%80%80%F0%AF%BF%BD"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url username/password escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://%41%62(^):%70+d@foo")" = "x://Ab(%5E):p+d@foo/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url normalized lengths' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "Http://%4d%65:%4d^%70@The.Host")" = 25 &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "http://%41:%42@x.y/%61/")" = 17 &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "http://@x.y/^")" = 15
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url . and .. segments' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/.")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/./")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/.")" = "x://y/a" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./")" = "x://y/a/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/.?")" = "x://y/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/./?")" = "x://y/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/.?")" = "x://y/a?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./?")" = "x://y/a/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/.././../c")" = "x://y/c" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/../.././c/")" = "x://y/c/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/.././../c/././.././.")" = "x://y/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "x://y/a/./b/.././../c/././.././.." &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./?/././..")" = "x://y/a/?/././.." &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/%2e/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/%2E/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/%2e./")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/b/.%2E/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/c/%2e%2E/")" = "x://y/"
+'
+
+# http://@foo specifies an empty user name but does not specify a password
+# http://foo  specifies neither a user name nor a password
+# So they should not be equivalent
+test_expect_success 'url equivalents' '
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "httP://x" "Http://X/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "Http://%4d%65:%4d^%70@The.Host" "hTTP://Me:%4D^p@the.HOST:80/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^" "httpS://x.y:443/^" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^" "httpS://@x.y:0443/^" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^/../abc" "httpS://@x.y:0443/abc" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^/.." "httpS://@x.y:0443/"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0110/README b/t/t0110/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad4a50ecd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/README
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The url data files in this directory contain URLs with characters
+in the range 0x01-0x1f and 0x7f-0xff to test the proper normalization
+of unprintable characters.
+
+A select few characters in the 0x01-0x1f range are skipped to help
+avoid problems running the test itself.
+
+The urls are in test files in this directory rather than being
+embedded in the test script for portability.
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-1 b/t/t0110/url-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..519019c5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/

diff --git a/t/t0110/url-10 b/t/t0110/url-10
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9965de6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-10
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-11 b/t/t0110/url-11
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0a50f1009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-11
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/€߿ࠀ��𯿽
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-2 b/t/t0110/url-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43334b05b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-3 b/t/t0110/url-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7378c7bec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/€�‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ�Ž�
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-4 b/t/t0110/url-4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..220b198c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-4
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/�‘’“”•–—˜™š›œ�žŸ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-5 b/t/t0110/url-5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ccd927779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-5
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-6 b/t/t0110/url-6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8283aac6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-6
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-7 b/t/t0110/url-7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa7c10b615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-7
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-8 b/t/t0110/url-8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79a0ba836f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-9 b/t/t0110/url-9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b44bec48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-9
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîï
diff --git a/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh b/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
index 52b1c27c2c..90da1c7ddc 100755
--- a/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
+++ b/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
@@ -50,17 +50,17 @@ test_expect_success 'eval_gettext: our eval_gettext() fallback can interpolate v
 
 test_expect_success 'eval_gettext: our eval_gettext() fallback can interpolate variables with spaces' '
     cmdline="git am" &&
-    export cmdline;
-    printf "When you have resolved this problem run git am --resolved." >expect &&
-    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem run \$cmdline --resolved." >actual
+    export cmdline &&
+    printf "When you have resolved this problem, run git am --resolved." >expect &&
+    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem, run \$cmdline --resolved." >actual &&
     test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eval_gettext: our eval_gettext() fallback can interpolate variables with spaces and quotes' '
     cmdline="git am" &&
-    export cmdline;
-    printf "When you have resolved this problem run \"git am --resolved\"." >expect &&
-    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem run \"\$cmdline --resolved\"." >actual
+    export cmdline &&
+    printf "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git am --resolved\"." >expect &&
+    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --resolved\"." >actual &&
     test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh b/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
index 428ebb0080..a29d166e00 100755
--- a/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
+++ b/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
 	test_done
 fi
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+perl -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
 	skip_all="Perl Test::More unavailable, skipping test"
 	test_done
 }
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ test_external_has_tap=1
 
 test_external_without_stderr \
     'Perl Git::I18N API' \
-    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t0202/test.pl
+    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t0202/test.pl
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0202/test.pl b/t/t0202/test.pl
index 2c10cb4693..2c10cb4693 100644..100755
--- a/t/t0202/test.pl
+++ b/t/t0202/test.pl
diff --git a/t/t0204-gettext-reencode-sanity.sh b/t/t0204-gettext-reencode-sanity.sh
index 189af90c02..8437e51eb5 100755
--- a/t/t0204-gettext-reencode-sanity.sh
+++ b/t/t0204-gettext-reencode-sanity.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ test_description="Gettext reencoding of our *.po/*.mo files works"
 
 . ./lib-gettext.sh
 
+# The constants used in a tricky observation for undefined behaviour
+RUNES="TILRAUN: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫ� ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹ�ᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ"
+PUNTS="TILRAUN: ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????"
+MSGKEY="TEST: Old English Runes"
 
 test_expect_success GETTEXT_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting UTF-8 from our UTF-8 *.mo files / Icelandic' '
     printf "TILRAUN: Halló Heimur!" >expect &&
@@ -15,8 +19,8 @@ test_expect_success GETTEXT_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting UTF-8 from our UTF-8 *.mo
 '
 
 test_expect_success GETTEXT_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting UTF-8 from our UTF-8 *.mo files / Runes' '
-    printf "TILRAUN: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫ� ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹ�ᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ" >expect &&
-    LANGUAGE=is LC_ALL="$is_IS_locale" gettext "TEST: Old English Runes" >actual &&
+    printf "%s" "$RUNES" >expect &&
+    LANGUAGE=is LC_ALL="$is_IS_locale" gettext "$MSGKEY" >actual &&
     test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -26,18 +30,23 @@ test_expect_success GETTEXT_ISO_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting ISO-8859-1 from our UT
     test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success GETTEXT_ISO_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting ISO-8859-1 from our UTF-8 *.mo files / Runes' '
-    LANGUAGE=is LC_ALL="$is_IS_iso_locale" gettext "TEST: Old English Runes" >runes &&
-
-	if grep "^TEST: Old English Runes$" runes
-	then
-		say "Your system can not handle this complexity and returns the string as-is"
-	else
-		# Both Solaris and GNU libintl will return this stream of
-		# question marks, so it is s probably portable enough
-		printf "TILRAUN: ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????" >runes-expect &&
-		test_cmp runes-expect runes
-	fi
+test_expect_success GETTEXT_ISO_LOCALE 'gettext: impossible ISO-8859-1 output' '
+	LANGUAGE=is LC_ALL="$is_IS_iso_locale" gettext "$MSGKEY" >runes &&
+	case "$(cat runes)" in
+	"$MSGKEY")
+		say "Your system gives back the key to message catalog"
+		;;
+	"$PUNTS")
+		say "Your system replaces an impossible character with ?"
+		;;
+	"$RUNES")
+		say "Your system gives back the raw message for an impossible request"
+		;;
+	*)
+		say "We never saw the error behaviour your system exhibits"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
 '
 
 test_expect_success GETTEXT_LOCALE 'gettext: Fetching a UTF-8 msgid -> UTF-8' '
diff --git a/t/t0300-credentials.sh b/t/t0300-credentials.sh
index 885af8fb62..03bd31e9f2 100755
--- a/t/t0300-credentials.sh
+++ b/t/t0300-credentials.sh
@@ -6,30 +6,29 @@ test_description='basic credential helper tests'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup helper scripts' '
 	cat >dump <<-\EOF &&
-	whoami=`echo $0 | sed s/.*git-credential-//`
+	whoami=$(echo $0 | sed s/.*git-credential-//)
 	echo >&2 "$whoami: $*"
-	while IFS== read key value; do
+	OIFS=$IFS
+	IFS==
+	while read key value; do
 		echo >&2 "$whoami: $key=$value"
 		eval "$key=$value"
 	done
+	IFS=$OIFS
 	EOF
 
-	cat >git-credential-useless <<-\EOF &&
-	#!/bin/sh
+	write_script git-credential-useless <<-\EOF &&
 	. ./dump
 	exit 0
 	EOF
-	chmod +x git-credential-useless &&
 
-	cat >git-credential-verbatim <<-\EOF &&
-	#!/bin/sh
+	write_script git-credential-verbatim <<-\EOF &&
 	user=$1; shift
 	pass=$1; shift
 	. ./dump
 	test -z "$user" || echo username=$user
 	test -z "$pass" || echo password=$pass
 	EOF
-	chmod +x git-credential-verbatim &&
 
 	PATH="$PWD:$PATH"
 '
@@ -83,6 +82,9 @@ test_expect_success 'credential_fill passes along metadata' '
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=ftp
+	host=example.com
+	path=foo.git
 	username=one
 	password=two
 	--
@@ -214,6 +216,8 @@ test_expect_success 'match configured credential' '
 	host=example.com
 	path=repo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
@@ -226,6 +230,8 @@ test_expect_success 'do not match configured credential' '
 	protocol=https
 	host=bar
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=bar
 	username=askpass-username
 	password=askpass-password
 	--
@@ -240,6 +246,8 @@ test_expect_success 'pull username from config' '
 	protocol=https
 	host=example.com
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=askpass-password
 	--
@@ -253,6 +261,8 @@ test_expect_success 'http paths can be part of context' '
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
@@ -266,6 +276,9 @@ test_expect_success 'http paths can be part of context' '
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	path=foo.git
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
@@ -276,4 +289,24 @@ test_expect_success 'http paths can be part of context' '
 	EOF
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'helpers can abort the process' '
+	test_must_fail git \
+		-c credential.helper="!f() { echo quit=1; }; f" \
+		-c credential.helper="verbatim foo bar" \
+		credential fill >stdout &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect stdout
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty helper spec resets helper list' '
+	test_config credential.helper "verbatim file file" &&
+	check fill "" "verbatim cmdline cmdline" <<-\EOF
+	--
+	username=cmdline
+	password=cmdline
+	--
+	verbatim: get
+	EOF
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0302-credential-store.sh b/t/t0302-credential-store.sh
index f61b40c69b..1d8d1f210b 100755
--- a/t/t0302-credential-store.sh
+++ b/t/t0302-credential-store.sh
@@ -6,4 +6,118 @@ test_description='credential-store tests'
 
 helper_test store
 
+test_expect_success 'when xdg file does not exist, xdg file not created' '
+	test_path_is_missing "$HOME/.config/git/credentials" &&
+	test -s "$HOME/.git-credentials"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup xdg file' '
+	rm -f "$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	mkdir -p "$HOME/.config/git" &&
+	>"$HOME/.config/git/credentials"
+'
+
+helper_test store
+
+test_expect_success 'when xdg file exists, home file not created' '
+	test -s "$HOME/.config/git/credentials" &&
+	test_path_is_missing "$HOME/.git-credentials"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup custom xdg file' '
+	rm -f "$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/.config/git/credentials" &&
+	mkdir -p "$HOME/xdg/git" &&
+	>"$HOME/xdg/git/credentials"
+'
+
+XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME/xdg"
+export XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+helper_test store
+unset XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+
+test_expect_success 'if custom xdg file exists, home and xdg files not created' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/xdg/git/credentials" &&
+	test -s "$HOME/xdg/git/credentials" &&
+	test_path_is_missing "$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	test_path_is_missing "$HOME/.config/git/credentials"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get: use home file if both home and xdg files have matches' '
+	echo "https://home-user:home-pass@example.com" >"$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	mkdir -p "$HOME/.config/git" &&
+	echo "https://xdg-user:xdg-pass@example.com" >"$HOME/.config/git/credentials" &&
+	check fill store <<-\EOF
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	username=home-user
+	password=home-pass
+	--
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get: use xdg file if home file has no matches' '
+	>"$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	mkdir -p "$HOME/.config/git" &&
+	echo "https://xdg-user:xdg-pass@example.com" >"$HOME/.config/git/credentials" &&
+	check fill store <<-\EOF
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	username=xdg-user
+	password=xdg-pass
+	--
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'get: use xdg file if home file is unreadable' '
+	echo "https://home-user:home-pass@example.com" >"$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	chmod -r "$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	mkdir -p "$HOME/.config/git" &&
+	echo "https://xdg-user:xdg-pass@example.com" >"$HOME/.config/git/credentials" &&
+	check fill store <<-\EOF
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	username=xdg-user
+	password=xdg-pass
+	--
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'store: if both xdg and home files exist, only store in home file' '
+	>"$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	mkdir -p "$HOME/.config/git" &&
+	>"$HOME/.config/git/credentials" &&
+	check approve store <<-\EOF &&
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	username=store-user
+	password=store-pass
+	EOF
+	echo "https://store-user:store-pass@example.com" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	test_must_be_empty "$HOME/.config/git/credentials"
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'erase: erase matching credentials from both xdg and home files' '
+	echo "https://home-user:home-pass@example.com" >"$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	mkdir -p "$HOME/.config/git" &&
+	echo "https://xdg-user:xdg-pass@example.com" >"$HOME/.config/git/credentials" &&
+	check reject store <<-\EOF &&
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	EOF
+	test_must_be_empty "$HOME/.git-credentials" &&
+	test_must_be_empty "$HOME/.config/git/credentials"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0303-credential-external.sh b/t/t0303-credential-external.sh
index 267f4c8ba3..f028fd1418 100755
--- a/t/t0303-credential-external.sh
+++ b/t/t0303-credential-external.sh
@@ -1,39 +1,60 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='external credential helper tests'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-credential.sh
+test_description='external credential helper tests
 
-pre_test() {
-	test -z "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP" ||
-	eval "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP"
+This is a tool for authors of external helper tools to sanity-check
+their helpers. If you have written the "git-credential-foo" helper,
+you check it with:
+
+  make GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER=foo t0303-credential-external.sh
+
+This assumes that your helper is capable of both storing and
+retrieving credentials (some helpers may be read-only, and they will
+fail these tests).
+
+Please note that the individual tests do not verify all of the
+preconditions themselves, but rather build on each other. A failing
+test means that tests later in the sequence can return false "OK"
+results.
+
+If your helper supports time-based expiration with a configurable
+timeout, you can test that feature with:
+
+  make GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER=foo \
+       GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_TIMEOUT="foo --timeout=1" \
+       t0303-credential-external.sh
 
-	# clean before the test in case there is cruft left
-	# over from a previous run that would impact results
-	helper_test_clean "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
-}
+If your helper requires additional setup before the tests are started,
+you can set GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP to a sequence of shell
+commands.
+'
 
-post_test() {
-	# clean afterwards so that we are good citizens
-	# and don't leave cruft in the helper's storage, which
-	# might be long-term system storage
-	helper_test_clean "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
-}
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-credential.sh
 
 if test -z "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"; then
-	say "# skipping external helper tests (set GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER)"
-else
-	pre_test
-	helper_test "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
-	post_test
+	skip_all="used to test external credential helpers"
+	test_done
 fi
 
+test -z "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP" ||
+	eval "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP"
+
+# clean before the test in case there is cruft left
+# over from a previous run that would impact results
+helper_test_clean "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
+
+helper_test "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
+
 if test -z "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_TIMEOUT"; then
-	say "# skipping external helper timeout tests"
+	say "# skipping timeout tests (GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_TIMEOUT not set)"
 else
-	pre_test
 	helper_test_timeout "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_TIMEOUT"
-	post_test
 fi
 
+# clean afterwards so that we are good citizens
+# and don't leave cruft in the helper's storage, which
+# might be long-term system storage
+helper_test_clean "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
index babcdd2343..a0b79b4839 100755
--- a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
+++ b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
@@ -519,10 +519,10 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index F16 &&
     echo F16 >F16 &&
     git update-index --add F16 &&
-    tree0=`git write-tree` &&
+    tree0=$(git write-tree) &&
     echo E16 >F16 &&
     git update-index F16 &&
-    tree1=`git write-tree` &&
+    tree1=$(git write-tree) &&
     read_tree_must_succeed -m $tree0 $tree1 $tree1 $tree0 &&
     git ls-files --stage'
 
diff --git a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
index acaab07fac..db1b6f5cf4 100755
--- a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ In the test, these paths are used:
         frotz   - not in H added in M
         nitfol  - in H, stays in M unmodified
         rezrov  - in H, deleted in M
-        yomin   - not in H nor M
+	yomin   - not in H or M
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-read-tree.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ compare_change () {
 }
 
 check_cache_at () {
-	clean_if_empty=`git diff-files -- "$1"`
+	clean_if_empty=$(git diff-files -- "$1")
 	case "$clean_if_empty" in
 	'')  echo "$1: clean" ;;
 	?*)  echo "$1: dirty" ;;
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ test_expect_success \
      echo rezrov >rezrov &&
      echo yomin >yomin &&
      git update-index --add nitfol bozbar rezrov &&
-     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeH $treeH &&
      git ls-tree $treeH &&
 
      cat bozbar-new >bozbar &&
      git update-index --add frotz bozbar --force-remove rezrov &&
      git ls-files --stage >M.out &&
-     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeM $treeM &&
      git ls-tree $treeM &&
      git diff-tree $treeH $treeM'
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index &&
      echo DF >DF &&
      git update-index --add DF &&
-     treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeDF=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeDF $treeDF &&
      git ls-tree $treeDF &&
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir DF &&
      echo DF/DF >DF/DF &&
      git update-index --add --remove DF DF/DF &&
-     treeDFDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeDFDF=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeDFDF $treeDFDF &&
      git ls-tree $treeDFDF &&
      git ls-files --stage >DFDF.out'
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index &&
      : >a &&
      git update-index --add a &&
-     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeM $treeM &&
      git ls-tree $treeM &&
      git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      git update-index --remove a &&
      mkdir a &&
      : >a/b &&
-     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeH $treeH &&
      git ls-tree $treeH'
 
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir c &&
      : >c/d &&
      git update-index --add a c/d &&
-     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeM $treeM &&
      git ls-tree $treeM &&
      git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir a &&
      : >a/b &&
      git update-index --add --remove a a/b &&
-     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeH $treeH &&
      git ls-tree $treeH'
 
diff --git a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
index a847709a13..e3bf821694 100755
--- a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ compare_change () {
 }
 
 check_cache_at () {
-	clean_if_empty=`git diff-files -- "$1"`
+	clean_if_empty=$(git diff-files -- "$1")
 	case "$clean_if_empty" in
 	'')  echo "$1: clean" ;;
 	?*)  echo "$1: dirty" ;;
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ test_expect_success \
      echo bozbar >bozbar &&
      echo rezrov >rezrov &&
      git update-index --add nitfol bozbar rezrov &&
-     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeH $treeH &&
      git ls-tree $treeH &&
 
      echo gnusto >bozbar &&
      git update-index --add frotz bozbar --force-remove rezrov &&
      git ls-files --stage >M.out &&
-     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeM $treeM &&
      git ls-tree $treeM &&
      sum bozbar frotz nitfol >M.sum &&
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ test_expect_success \
      echo yomin >yomin &&
      git update-index --add yomin &&
      read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >4.out || return 1
-     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 4.out >4diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >4.out &&
+     test_might_fail git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 4.out >4diff.out &&
      compare_change 4diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at yomin clean &&
      sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual4.sum &&
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ test_expect_success \
      git update-index --add yomin &&
      echo yomin yomin >yomin &&
      read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >5.out || return 1
-     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 5.out >5diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >5.out &&
+     test_might_fail git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 5.out >5diff.out &&
      compare_change 5diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at yomin dirty &&
      sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual5.sum &&
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index &&
      echo DF >DF &&
      git update-index --add DF &&
-     treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeDF=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeDF $treeDF &&
      git ls-tree $treeDF &&
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir DF &&
      echo DF/DF >DF/DF &&
      git update-index --add --remove DF DF/DF &&
-     treeDFDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeDFDF=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeDFDF $treeDFDF &&
      git ls-tree $treeDFDF &&
      git ls-files --stage >DFDF.out'
diff --git a/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh b/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
index 8c6d67edda..b6111cd150 100755
--- a/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
+++ b/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='git read-tree --prefix test.
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo hello >one &&
 	git update-index --add one &&
-	tree=`git write-tree` &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo tree is $tree
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
index b3ae7d52c6..c70cf42300 100755
--- a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
+++ b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ test_expect_success 'two-way not clobbering' '
 
 	echo >file2 master creates untracked file2 &&
 	echo >subdir/file2 master creates untracked subdir/file2 &&
-	if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u master side 2>&1`
+	if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u master side 2>&1)
 	then
 		echo should have complained
 		false
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ echo file2 >.gitignore
 
 test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (1)' '
 
-	if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1`
+	if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1)
 	then
 		echo should have complained
 		false
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (1)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (2)' '
 
-	if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u --exclude-per-directory=foo --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1`
+	if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u --exclude-per-directory=foo --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1)
 	then
 		echo should have complained
 		false
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test_expect_success 'three-way not clobbering a working tree file' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	echo >file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
 	echo >subdir/file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
-	if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u branch-point master side 2>&1`
+	if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u branch-point master side 2>&1)
 	then
 		echo should have complained
 		false
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ test_expect_success '3-way not overwriting local changes (their side)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree' '
+test_expect_success 'funny symlink in work tree' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b sym-b side-b &&
@@ -170,15 +170,14 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree' '
 	rm -fr a &&
 	git checkout -b sym-a side-a &&
 	mkdir -p a &&
-	ln -s ../b a/b &&
-	git add a/b &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../b a/b &&
 	git commit -m "we add a/b" &&
 
 	read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u sym-a sym-a sym-b
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS,SANITY 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
+test_expect_success SANITY 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
 
 	rm -fr a b &&
 	git reset --hard &&
diff --git a/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
index f53de79e56..074568500a 100755
--- a/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
@@ -8,84 +8,99 @@ test_description='read-tree -u --reset'
 # two-tree test
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-  git init &&
-  mkdir df &&
-  echo content >df/file &&
-  git add df/file &&
-  git commit -m one &&
-  git ls-files >expect &&
-  rm -rf df &&
-  echo content >df &&
-  git add df &&
-  echo content >new &&
-  git add new &&
-  git commit -m two
+	git init &&
+	mkdir df &&
+	echo content >df/file &&
+	git add df/file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	git ls-files >expect &&
+	rm -rf df &&
+	echo content >df &&
+	git add df &&
+	echo content >new &&
+	git add new &&
+	git commit -m two
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset should work' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed -u --reset HEAD^ &&
-  git ls-files >actual &&
-  test_cmp expect actual
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed -u --reset HEAD^ &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset should remove remnants from a failed merge' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-way reset should remove remnants too' '
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain reset should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git reset --hard &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain checkout -f should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git checkout -f &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git checkout -f &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain checkout -f HEAD should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git checkout -f HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git checkout -f HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
index d8b7f2ffbc..4f38078ff3 100755
--- a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
+++ b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
@@ -36,66 +36,88 @@ $content"
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Type of $type is correct" '
-        test $type = "$(git cat-file -t $sha1)"
+	echo $type >expect &&
+	git cat-file -t $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Size of $type is correct" '
-        test $size = "$(git cat-file -s $sha1)"
+	echo $size >expect &&
+	git cat-file -s $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "Type of $type is correct using --allow-unknown-type" '
+	echo $type >expect &&
+	git cat-file -t --allow-unknown-type $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "Size of $type is correct using --allow-unknown-type" '
+	echo $size >expect &&
+	git cat-file -s --allow-unknown-type $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test -z "$content" ||
     test_expect_success "Content of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts)"
-
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Pretty content of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test -z "$content" ||
     test_expect_success "--batch output of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "--batch-check output of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$sha1 $type $size"
-	actual="$(echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	echo "$sha1 $type $size" >expect &&
+	echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "custom --batch-check format" '
+	echo "$type $sha1" >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check="%(objecttype) %(objectname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success '--batch-check with %(rest)' '
+	echo "$type this is some extra content" >expect &&
+	echo "$sha1    this is some extra content" |
+		git cat-file --batch-check="%(objecttype) %(rest)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test -z "$content" ||
+    test_expect_success "--batch without type ($type)" '
+	{
+		echo "$size" &&
+		maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts
+	} >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch="%(objectsize)" >actual.full &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(cat actual.full)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test -z "$content" ||
+    test_expect_success "--batch without size ($type)" '
+	{
+		echo "$type" &&
+		maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts
+	} >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch="%(objecttype)" >actual.full &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(cat actual.full)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 }
 
@@ -110,15 +132,23 @@ test_expect_success "setup" '
 
 run_tests 'blob' $hello_sha1 $hello_size "$hello_content" "$hello_content"
 
+test_expect_success '--batch-check without %(rest) considers whole line' '
+	echo "$hello_sha1 blob $hello_size" >expect &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $hello_sha1 "white space" &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-index --remove \"white space\"" &&
+	echo ":white space" | git cat-file --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 tree_sha1=$(git write-tree)
 tree_size=33
 tree_pretty_content="100644 blob $hello_sha1	hello"
 
 run_tests 'tree' $tree_sha1 $tree_size "" "$tree_pretty_content"
 
-commit_message="Intial commit"
+commit_message="Initial commit"
 commit_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$commit_message" | git commit-tree $tree_sha1)
-commit_size=176
+commit_size=177
 commit_content="tree $tree_sha1
 author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
 committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
@@ -135,14 +165,11 @@ tag_description="This is a tag"
 tag_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp 0000000000 +0000
 
 $tag_description"
-tag_pretty_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000
-
-$tag_description"
 
 tag_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$tag_content" | git mktag)
 tag_size=$(strlen "$tag_content")
 
-run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_pretty_content" 1
+run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_content" 1
 
 test_expect_success \
     "Reach a blob from a tag pointing to it" \
@@ -174,6 +201,13 @@ do
     '
 done
 
+for opt in t s e p
+do
+    test_expect_success "Passing -$opt with --follow-symlinks fails" '
+	    test_must_fail git cat-file --follow-symlinks -$opt $hello_sha1
+	'
+done
+
 test_expect_success "--batch-check for a non-existent named object" '
     test "foobar42 missing
 foobar84 missing" = \
@@ -201,6 +235,12 @@ test_expect_success "--batch-check for an emtpy line" '
     test " missing" = "$(echo | git cat-file --batch-check)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'empty --batch-check notices missing object' '
+	echo "$_z40 missing" >expect &&
+	echo "$_z40" | git cat-file --batch-check="" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 batch_input="$hello_sha1
 $commit_sha1
 $tag_sha1
@@ -241,4 +281,296 @@ test_expect_success "--batch-check with multiple sha1s gives correct format" '
     "$(echo_without_newline "$batch_check_input" | git cat-file --batch-check)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup blobs which are likely to delta' '
+	test-genrandom foo 10240 >foo &&
+	{ cat foo; echo plus; } >foo-plus &&
+	git add foo foo-plus &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+	cat >blobs <<-\EOF
+	HEAD:foo
+	HEAD:foo-plus
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm that neither loose blob is a delta' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	$_z40
+	$_z40
+	EOF
+	git cat-file --batch-check="%(deltabase)" <blobs >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# To avoid relying too much on the current delta heuristics,
+# we will check only that one of the two objects is a delta
+# against the other, but not the order. We can do so by just
+# asking for the base of both, and checking whether either
+# sha1 appears in the output.
+test_expect_success '%(deltabase) reports packed delta bases' '
+	git repack -ad &&
+	git cat-file --batch-check="%(deltabase)" <blobs >actual &&
+	{
+		grep "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo)" actual ||
+		grep "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo-plus)" actual
+	}
+'
+
+bogus_type="bogus"
+bogus_content="bogus"
+bogus_size=$(strlen "$bogus_content")
+bogus_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$bogus_content" | git hash-object -t $bogus_type --literally -w --stdin)
+
+test_expect_success "Type of broken object is correct" '
+	echo $bogus_type >expect &&
+	git cat-file -t --allow-unknown-type $bogus_sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success "Size of broken object is correct" '
+	echo $bogus_size >expect &&
+	git cat-file -s --allow-unknown-type $bogus_sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+bogus_type="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234679"
+bogus_content="bogus"
+bogus_size=$(strlen "$bogus_content")
+bogus_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$bogus_content" | git hash-object -t $bogus_type --literally -w --stdin)
+
+test_expect_success "Type of broken object is correct when type is large" '
+	echo $bogus_type >expect &&
+	git cat-file -t --allow-unknown-type $bogus_sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success "Size of large broken object is correct when type is large" '
+	echo $bogus_size >expect &&
+	git cat-file -s --allow-unknown-type $bogus_sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# Tests for git cat-file --follow-symlinks
+test_expect_success 'prep for symlink tests' '
+	echo_without_newline "$hello_content" >morx &&
+	test_ln_s_add morx same-dir-link &&
+	test_ln_s_add dir link-to-dir &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../fleem out-of-repo-link &&
+	test_ln_s_add .. out-of-repo-link-dir &&
+	test_ln_s_add same-dir-link link-to-link &&
+	test_ln_s_add nope broken-same-dir-link &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../morx dir/parent-dir-link &&
+	test_ln_s_add .. dir/link-dir &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../../escape dir/out-of-repo-link &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../.. dir/out-of-repo-link-dir &&
+	test_ln_s_add nope dir/broken-link-in-dir &&
+	mkdir dir/subdir &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../../morx dir/subdir/grandparent-dir-link &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../../../great-escape dir/subdir/out-of-repo-link &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../../.. dir/subdir/out-of-repo-link-dir &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../../../ dir/subdir/out-of-repo-link-dir-trailing &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../parent-dir-link dir/subdir/parent-dir-link-to-link &&
+	echo_without_newline "$hello_content" >dir/subdir/ind2 &&
+	echo_without_newline "$hello_content" >dir/ind1 &&
+	test_ln_s_add dir dirlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add dir/subdir subdirlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add subdir/ind2 dir/link-to-child &&
+	test_ln_s_add dir/link-to-child link-to-down-link &&
+	test_ln_s_add dir/.. up-down &&
+	test_ln_s_add dir/../ up-down-trailing &&
+	test_ln_s_add dir/../morx up-down-file &&
+	test_ln_s_add dir/../../morx up-up-down-file &&
+	test_ln_s_add subdirlink/../../morx up-two-down-file &&
+	test_ln_s_add loop1 loop2 &&
+	test_ln_s_add loop2 loop1 &&
+	git add morx dir/subdir/ind2 dir/ind1 &&
+	git commit -am "test" &&
+	echo $hello_sha1 blob $hello_size >found
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for non-links' '
+	echo HEAD:morx | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual &&
+	echo HEAD:nope missing >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:nope | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for in-repo, same-dir links' '
+	echo HEAD:same-dir-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for in-repo, links to dirs' '
+	echo HEAD:link-to-dir/ind1 | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for broken in-repo, same-dir links' '
+	echo dangling 25 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:broken-same-dir-link >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:broken-same-dir-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for same-dir links-to-links' '
+	echo HEAD:link-to-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for parent-dir links' '
+	echo HEAD:dir/parent-dir-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual &&
+	echo notdir 29 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/parent-dir-link/nope >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/parent-dir-link/nope | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for .. links' '
+	echo dangling 22 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/link-dir/nope >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/link-dir/nope | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/link-dir/morx | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual &&
+	echo dangling 27 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/broken-link-in-dir >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/broken-link-in-dir | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for ../.. links' '
+	echo notdir 41 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/subdir/grandparent-dir-link/nope >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/subdir/grandparent-dir-link/nope | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/subdir/grandparent-dir-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/subdir/parent-dir-link-to-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for dir/ links' '
+	echo dangling 17 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dirlink/morx >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dirlink/morx | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo $hello_sha1 blob $hello_size >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dirlink/ind1 | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for dir/subdir links' '
+	echo dangling 20 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:subdirlink/morx >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:subdirlink/morx | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo HEAD:subdirlink/ind2 | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for dir ->subdir links' '
+	echo notdir 27 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/link-to-child/morx >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/link-to-child/morx | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/link-to-child | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual &&
+	echo HEAD:link-to-down-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for out-of-repo symlinks' '
+	echo symlink 8 >expect &&
+	echo ../fleem >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:out-of-repo-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo symlink 2 >expect &&
+	echo .. >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:out-of-repo-link-dir | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for out-of-repo symlinks in dirs' '
+	echo symlink 9 >expect &&
+	echo ../escape >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/out-of-repo-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo symlink 2 >expect &&
+	echo .. >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/out-of-repo-link-dir | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for out-of-repo symlinks in subdirs' '
+	echo symlink 15 >expect &&
+	echo ../great-escape >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/subdir/out-of-repo-link | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo symlink 2 >expect &&
+	echo .. >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/subdir/out-of-repo-link-dir | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo symlink 3 >expect &&
+	echo ../ >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:dir/subdir/out-of-repo-link-dir-trailing | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks works for symlinks with internal ..' '
+	echo HEAD: | git cat-file --batch-check >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:up-down | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo HEAD:up-down-trailing | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo HEAD:up-down-file | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual &&
+	echo symlink 7 >expect &&
+	echo ../morx >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:up-up-down-file | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo HEAD:up-two-down-file | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp found actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlink breaks loops' '
+	echo loop 10 >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:loop1 >>expect &&
+	echo HEAD:loop1 | git cat-file --batch-check --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch --follow-symlink returns correct sha and mode' '
+	echo HEAD:morx | git cat-file --batch >expect &&
+	echo HEAD:morx | git cat-file --batch --follow-symlinks >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --batch-all-objects shows all objects' '
+	# make new repos so we know the full set of objects; we will
+	# also make sure that there are some packed and some loose
+	# objects, some referenced and some not, and that there are
+	# some available only via alternates.
+	git init all-one &&
+	(
+		cd all-one &&
+		echo content >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		git commit -qm base &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD HEAD^{tree} HEAD:file &&
+		git repack -ad &&
+		echo not-cloned | git hash-object -w --stdin
+	) >expect.unsorted &&
+	git clone -s all-one all-two &&
+	(
+		cd all-two &&
+		echo local-unref | git hash-object -w --stdin
+	) >>expect.unsorted &&
+	sort <expect.unsorted >expect &&
+	git -C all-two cat-file --batch-all-objects \
+				--batch-check="%(objectname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1007-hash-object.sh b/t/t1007-hash-object.sh
index f83df8eb8b..7d2baa15bb 100755
--- a/t/t1007-hash-object.sh
+++ b/t/t1007-hash-object.sh
@@ -201,4 +201,23 @@ test_expect_success 'corrupt tag' '
 	test_must_fail git hash-object -t tag --stdin </dev/null
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'hash-object complains about bogus type name' '
+	test_must_fail git hash-object -t bogus --stdin </dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hash-object complains about truncated type name' '
+	test_must_fail git hash-object -t bl --stdin </dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--literally' '
+	t=1234567890 &&
+	echo example | git hash-object -t $t --literally --stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--literally with extra-long type' '
+	t=12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 &&
+	t="$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t$t" &&
+	echo example | git hash-object -t $t --literally --stdin
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
index 5c0053a20b..0c74beedd2 100755
--- a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
+++ b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
@@ -250,4 +250,28 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout without --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout . &&
+	test_path_is_missing init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits . &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1013-loose-object-format.sh b/t/t1013-loose-object-format.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index fbf5f2fc00..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013-loose-object-format.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2011 Roberto Tyley
-#
-
-test_description='Correctly identify and parse loose object headers
-
-There are two file formats for loose objects - the original standard
-format, and the experimental format introduced with Git v1.4.3, later
-deprecated with v1.5.3. Although Git no longer writes the
-experimental format, objects in both formats must be read, with the
-format for a given file being determined by the header.
-
-Detecting file format based on header is not entirely trivial, not
-least because the first byte of a zlib-deflated stream will vary
-depending on how much memory was allocated for the deflation window
-buffer when the object was written out (for example 4KB on Android,
-rather that 32KB on a normal PC).
-
-The loose objects used as test vectors have been generated with the
-following Git versions:
-
-standard format: Git v1.7.4.1
-experimental format: Git v1.4.3 (legacyheaders=false)
-standard format, deflated with 4KB window size: Agit/JGit on Android
-'
-
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-assert_blob_equals() {
-	printf "%s" "$2" >expected &&
-	git cat-file -p "$1" >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-}
-
-test_expect_success setup '
-	cp -R "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t1013/objects" .git/ &&
-	git --version
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'read standard-format loose objects' '
-	git cat-file tag 8d4e360d6c70fbd72411991c02a09c442cf7a9fa &&
-	git cat-file commit 6baee0540ea990d9761a3eb9ab183003a71c3696 &&
-	git ls-tree 7a37b887a73791d12d26c0d3e39568a8fb0fa6e8 &&
-	assert_blob_equals "257cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99" "foo$LF"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'read experimental-format loose objects' '
-	git cat-file tag 76e7fa9941f4d5f97f64fea65a2cba436bc79cbb &&
-	git cat-file commit 7875c6237d3fcdd0ac2f0decc7d3fa6a50b66c09 &&
-	git ls-tree 95b1625de3ba8b2214d1e0d0591138aea733f64f &&
-	assert_blob_equals "2e65efe2a145dda7ee51d1741299f848e5bf752e" "a" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "9ae9e86b7bd6cb1472d9373702d8249973da0832" "ab" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730" "abcd" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "1656f9233d999f61ef23ef390b9c71d75399f435" "abcdefgh" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "1e72a6b2c4a577ab0338860fa9fe87f761fc9bbd" "abcdefghi" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "70e6a83d8dcb26fc8bc0cf702e2ddeb6adca18fd" "abcdefghijklmnop" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "bd15045f6ce8ff75747562173640456a394412c8" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'read standard-format objects deflated with smaller window buffer' '
-	git cat-file tag f816d5255855ac160652ee5253b06cd8ee14165a &&
-	git cat-file tag 149cedb5c46929d18e0f118e9fa31927487af3b6
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t1013-read-tree-submodule.sh b/t/t1013-read-tree-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..20526aed34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1013-read-tree-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='read-tree can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+test_submodule_switch "git read-tree -u -m"
+
+test_submodule_forced_switch "git read-tree -u --reset"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/14/9cedb5c46929d18e0f118e9fa31927487af3b6 b/t/t1013/objects/14/9cedb5c46929d18e0f118e9fa31927487af3b6
deleted file mode 100644
index 472fd1458e..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/14/9cedb5c46929d18e0f118e9fa31927487af3b6
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/16/56f9233d999f61ef23ef390b9c71d75399f435 b/t/t1013/objects/16/56f9233d999f61ef23ef390b9c71d75399f435
deleted file mode 100644
index c379d74ae2..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/16/56f9233d999f61ef23ef390b9c71d75399f435
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/1e/72a6b2c4a577ab0338860fa9fe87f761fc9bbd b/t/t1013/objects/1e/72a6b2c4a577ab0338860fa9fe87f761fc9bbd
deleted file mode 100644
index 93706305bc..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/1e/72a6b2c4a577ab0338860fa9fe87f761fc9bbd
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/25/7cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99 b/t/t1013/objects/25/7cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99
deleted file mode 100644
index bdcf704c9e..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/25/7cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/2e/65efe2a145dda7ee51d1741299f848e5bf752e b/t/t1013/objects/2e/65efe2a145dda7ee51d1741299f848e5bf752e
deleted file mode 100644
index ad62c43e41..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/2e/65efe2a145dda7ee51d1741299f848e5bf752e
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/6b/aee0540ea990d9761a3eb9ab183003a71c3696 b/t/t1013/objects/6b/aee0540ea990d9761a3eb9ab183003a71c3696
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d2f0337db..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/6b/aee0540ea990d9761a3eb9ab183003a71c3696
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/70/e6a83d8dcb26fc8bc0cf702e2ddeb6adca18fd b/t/t1013/objects/70/e6a83d8dcb26fc8bc0cf702e2ddeb6adca18fd
deleted file mode 100644
index b3f71a6ee5..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/70/e6a83d8dcb26fc8bc0cf702e2ddeb6adca18fd
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/76/e7fa9941f4d5f97f64fea65a2cba436bc79cbb b/t/t1013/objects/76/e7fa9941f4d5f97f64fea65a2cba436bc79cbb
deleted file mode 100644
index af4e9a7b0c..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/76/e7fa9941f4d5f97f64fea65a2cba436bc79cbb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Âxœ%ÌA‚0@Ñ}O1{cSZ(˜ãνáÃthª”’ZŒÜÞ Ëÿ?
¦m×6dµi�É9…¤Gå˜h´Ø¨ÁZR'Q¶…�RŒ¡ˆ‚ø³p‘ç‚ÓqL9âÏ=g¸§�sIÐoopÎÿ”eÏ«_1»€³¤$×ç*Si«ëNwpP•RBôûÅÁú
-³‡[(ð®d-�øÁL9á
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/78/75c6237d3fcdd0ac2f0decc7d3fa6a50b66c09 b/t/t1013/objects/78/75c6237d3fcdd0ac2f0decc7d3fa6a50b66c09
deleted file mode 100644
index 3dd28be5c6..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/78/75c6237d3fcdd0ac2f0decc7d3fa6a50b66c09
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/7a/37b887a73791d12d26c0d3e39568a8fb0fa6e8 b/t/t1013/objects/7a/37b887a73791d12d26c0d3e39568a8fb0fa6e8
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b97b264c3..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/7a/37b887a73791d12d26c0d3e39568a8fb0fa6e8
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/85/df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 b/t/t1013/objects/85/df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730
deleted file mode 100644
index 6dff746876..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/85/df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/8d/4e360d6c70fbd72411991c02a09c442cf7a9fa b/t/t1013/objects/8d/4e360d6c70fbd72411991c02a09c442cf7a9fa
deleted file mode 100644
index cb41e92d07..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/8d/4e360d6c70fbd72411991c02a09c442cf7a9fa
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/95/b1625de3ba8b2214d1e0d0591138aea733f64f b/t/t1013/objects/95/b1625de3ba8b2214d1e0d0591138aea733f64f
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ac46b4f70..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/95/b1625de3ba8b2214d1e0d0591138aea733f64f
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/9a/e9e86b7bd6cb1472d9373702d8249973da0832 b/t/t1013/objects/9a/e9e86b7bd6cb1472d9373702d8249973da0832
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d8316d4e5..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/9a/e9e86b7bd6cb1472d9373702d8249973da0832
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/bd/15045f6ce8ff75747562173640456a394412c8 b/t/t1013/objects/bd/15045f6ce8ff75747562173640456a394412c8
deleted file mode 100644
index eebf23956e..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/bd/15045f6ce8ff75747562173640456a394412c8
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 b/t/t1013/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
deleted file mode 100644
index 134cf19379..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/f8/16d5255855ac160652ee5253b06cd8ee14165a b/t/t1013/objects/f8/16d5255855ac160652ee5253b06cd8ee14165a
deleted file mode 100644
index 26b75aec56..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/f8/16d5255855ac160652ee5253b06cd8ee14165a
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-H‰ÌÁ‚0€aÏ{ŠÞ
I»e&Æø*¥ˆ
G°ß^¸ýù¿ËDåÒ†wU‡Ò—¬S±4ªŠÆ­ªž ,fÅ[ðßVAÛºÎüxÈÇö6[wtG§Lu¸?—¦²¼Ú×@‰"gì{†+by¾%M
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t1014-read-tree-confusing.sh b/t/t1014-read-tree-confusing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2f5a25d503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1014-read-tree-confusing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check that read-tree rejects confusing paths'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create base tree' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	blob=$(git rev-parse HEAD:file) &&
+	tree=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{tree})
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enable core.protectHFS for rejection tests' '
+	git config core.protectHFS true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enable core.protectNTFS for rejection tests' '
+	git config core.protectNTFS true
+'
+
+while read path pretty; do
+	: ${pretty:=$path}
+	case "$path" in
+	*SPACE)
+		path="${path%SPACE} "
+		;;
+	esac
+	test_expect_success "reject $pretty at end of path" '
+		printf "100644 blob %s\t%s" "$blob" "$path" >tree &&
+		bogus=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree $bogus
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "reject $pretty as subtree" '
+		printf "040000 tree %s\t%s" "$tree" "$path" >tree &&
+		bogus=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree $bogus
+	'
+done <<-EOF
+.
+..
+.git
+.GIT
+${u200c}.Git {u200c}.Git
+.gI${u200c}T .gI{u200c}T
+.GiT${u200c} .GiT{u200c}
+git~1
+.git.SPACE .git.{space}
+.\\\\.GIT\\\\foobar backslashes
+.git\\\\foobar backslashes2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'utf-8 paths allowed with core.protectHFS off' '
+	test_when_finished "git read-tree HEAD" &&
+	test_config core.protectHFS false &&
+	printf "100644 blob %s\t%s" "$blob" ".gi${u200c}t" >tree &&
+	ok=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+	git read-tree $ok
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
index e23ac0e69d..df3183ea1a 100755
--- a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
+++ b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
@@ -20,27 +20,27 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index and ls-files' '
 	git update-index --add one &&
-	case "`git ls-files`" in
+	case "$(git ls-files)" in
 	one) echo pass one ;;
 	*) echo bad one; exit 1 ;;
 	esac &&
 	(
 		cd dir &&
 		git update-index --add two &&
-		case "`git ls-files`" in
+		case "$(git ls-files)" in
 		two) echo pass two ;;
 		*) echo bad two; exit 1 ;;
 		esac
 	) &&
-	case "`git ls-files`" in
+	case "$(git ls-files)" in
 	dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass both ;;
 	*) echo bad; exit 1 ;;
 	esac
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cat-file' '
-	two=`git ls-files -s dir/two` &&
-	two=`expr "$two" : "[0-7]* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)"` &&
+	two=$(git ls-files -s dir/two) &&
+	two=$(expr "$two" : "[0-7]* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)") &&
 	echo "$two" &&
 	git cat-file -p "$two" >actual &&
 	cmp dir/two actual &&
@@ -55,18 +55,18 @@ rm -f actual dir/actual
 test_expect_success 'diff-files' '
 	echo a >>one &&
 	echo d >>dir/two &&
-	case "`git diff-files --name-only`" in
+	case "$(git diff-files --name-only)" in
 	dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass top ;;
 	*) echo bad top; exit 1 ;;
 	esac &&
 	# diff should not omit leading paths
 	(
 		cd dir &&
-		case "`git diff-files --name-only`" in
+		case "$(git diff-files --name-only)" in
 		dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass subdir ;;
 		*) echo bad subdir; exit 1 ;;
 		esac &&
-		case "`git diff-files --name-only .`" in
+		case "$(git diff-files --name-only .)" in
 		dir/two) echo pass subdir limited ;;
 		*) echo bad subdir limited; exit 1 ;;
 		esac
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-files' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'write-tree' '
-	top=`git write-tree` &&
+	top=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo $top &&
 	(
 		cd dir &&
-		sub=`git write-tree` &&
+		sub=$(git write-tree) &&
 		echo $sub &&
 		test "z$top" = "z$sub"
 	)
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout-index' '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree' '
 	rm -f one dir/two &&
-	tree=`git write-tree` &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u "$tree" &&
 	cmp one original.one &&
 	cmp dir/two original.two &&
@@ -111,19 +111,19 @@ test_expect_success 'read-tree' '
 
 test_expect_success 'alias expansion' '
 	(
-		git config alias.ss status &&
+		git config alias.test-status-alias status &&
 		cd dir &&
 		git status &&
-		git ss
+		git test-status-alias
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW '!alias expansion' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW '!alias expansion' '
 	pwd >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test !pwd &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory !pwd &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW '!alias expansion' '
 test_expect_success 'GIT_PREFIX for !alias' '
 	printf "dir/" >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_PREFIX for !alias' '
 test_expect_success 'GIT_PREFIX for built-ins' '
 	# Use GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF to test that the "diff" built-in
 	# receives the GIT_PREFIX variable.
-	printf "dir/" >expect &&
-	printf "#!/bin/sh\n" >diff &&
-	printf "printf \"\$GIT_PREFIX\"" >>diff &&
-	chmod +x diff &&
+	echo "dir/" >expect &&
+	write_script diff <<-\EOF &&
+	printf "%s\n" "$GIT_PREFIX"
+	EOF
 	(
 		cd dir &&
-		printf "change" >two &&
-		env GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./diff git diff >../actual
+		echo "change" >two &&
+		GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./diff git diff >../actual
 		git checkout -- two
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -162,16 +162,20 @@ test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside .git' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside a bare repo' '
+test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside a bare repo (explicit GIT_DIR)' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr foo.git" &&
 	git clone -s --bare .git foo.git &&
 	(
 		cd foo.git &&
+		# older Git needed help by exporting GIT_DIR=.
+		# to realize that it is inside a bare repository.
+		# We keep this test around for regression testing.
 		GIT_DIR=. git show -s HEAD
 	)
 '
 
-# This still does not work as it should...
-: test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside a bare repo' '
+test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside a bare repo' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr foo.git" &&
 	git clone -s --bare .git foo.git &&
 	(
 		cd foo.git &&
@@ -180,7 +184,6 @@ test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside a bare repo' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'detection should not be fooled by a symlink' '
-	rm -fr foo.git &&
 	git clone -s .git another &&
 	ln -s another yetanother &&
 	(
diff --git a/t/t1050-large.sh b/t/t1050-large.sh
index 29d6024b7f..f9f3d1391f 100755
--- a/t/t1050-large.sh
+++ b/t/t1050-large.sh
@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@ test_description='adding and checking out large blobs'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	git config core.bigfilethreshold 200k &&
-	echo X | dd of=large1 bs=1k seek=2000 &&
-	echo X | dd of=large2 bs=1k seek=2000 &&
-	echo X | dd of=large3 bs=1k seek=2000 &&
-	echo Y | dd of=huge bs=1k seek=2500
+	# clone does not allow us to pass core.bigfilethreshold to
+	# new repos, so set core.bigfilethreshold globally
+	git config --global core.bigfilethreshold 200k &&
+	printf "%2000000s" X >large1 &&
+	cp large1 large2 &&
+	cp large1 large3 &&
+	printf "%2500000s" Y >huge &&
+	GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT=1500k &&
+	export GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add a large file or two' '
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout a large file' '
 	large1=$(git rev-parse :large1) &&
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $large1 another &&
 	git checkout another &&
-	cmp large1 another ;# this must not be test_cmp
+	test_cmp large1 another
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'packsize limit' '
@@ -100,4 +104,83 @@ test_expect_success 'packsize limit' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'diff --raw' '
+	git commit -q -m initial &&
+	echo modified >>large1 &&
+	git add large1 &&
+	git commit -q -m modified &&
+	git diff --raw HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --stat' '
+	git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff' '
+	git diff HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Binary files.*differ" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --cached' '
+	git diff --cached HEAD^ >actual &&
+	grep "Binary files.*differ" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hash-object' '
+	git hash-object large1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cat-file a large file' '
+	git cat-file blob :large1 >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cat-file a large file from a tag' '
+	git tag -m largefile largefiletag :large1 &&
+	git cat-file blob largefiletag >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-show a large file' '
+	git show :large1 >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack' '
+	git clone file://"$(pwd)"/.git foo &&
+	GIT_DIR=non-existent git index-pack --strict --verify foo/.git/objects/pack/*.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack' '
+	git repack -ad
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-objects with large loose object' '
+	SHA1=$(git hash-object huge) &&
+	test_create_repo loose &&
+	echo $SHA1 | git pack-objects --stdout |
+		GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT=0 GIT_DIR=loose/.git git unpack-objects &&
+	echo $SHA1 | GIT_DIR=loose/.git git pack-objects pack &&
+	test_create_repo packed &&
+	mv pack-* packed/.git/objects/pack &&
+	GIT_DIR=packed/.git git cat-file blob $SHA1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp huge actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar achiving' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'zip achiving, store only' '
+	git archive --format=zip -0 HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'zip achiving, deflate' '
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck' '
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>err &&
+	n=$(grep "error: attempting to allocate .* over limit" err | wc -l) &&
+	test "$n" -gt 1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1051-large-conversion.sh b/t/t1051-large-conversion.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8b7640b3ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1051-large-conversion.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test conversion filters on large files'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+set_attr() {
+	test_when_finished 'rm -f .gitattributes' &&
+	echo "* $*" >.gitattributes
+}
+
+check_input() {
+	git read-tree --empty &&
+	git add small large &&
+	git cat-file blob :small >small.index &&
+	git cat-file blob :large | head -n 1 >large.index &&
+	test_cmp small.index large.index
+}
+
+check_output() {
+	rm -f small large &&
+	git checkout small large &&
+	head -n 1 large >large.head &&
+	test_cmp small large.head
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup input tests' '
+	printf "\$Id: foo\$\\r\\n" >small &&
+	cat small small >large &&
+	git config core.bigfilethreshold 20 &&
+	git config filter.test.clean "sed s/.*/CLEAN/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true converts on input' '
+	test_config core.autocrlf true &&
+	check_input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'eol=crlf converts on input' '
+	set_attr eol=crlf &&
+	check_input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ident converts on input' '
+	set_attr ident &&
+	check_input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'user-defined filters convert on input' '
+	set_attr filter=test &&
+	check_input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup output tests' '
+	echo "\$Id\$" >small &&
+	cat small small >large &&
+	git add small large &&
+	git config core.bigfilethreshold 7 &&
+	git config filter.test.smudge "sed s/.*/SMUDGE/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true converts on output' '
+	test_config core.autocrlf true &&
+	check_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'eol=crlf converts on output' '
+	set_attr eol=crlf &&
+	check_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'user-defined filters convert on output' '
+	set_attr filter=test &&
+	check_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ident converts on output' '
+	set_attr ident &&
+	rm -f small large &&
+	git checkout small large &&
+	sed -n "s/Id: .*/Id: SHA/p" <small >small.clean &&
+	head -n 1 large >large.head &&
+	sed -n "s/Id: .*/Id: SHA/p" <large.head >large.clean &&
+	test_cmp small.clean large.clean
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3f8705139d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='see how we handle various forms of corruption'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# convert "1234abcd" to ".git/objects/12/34abcd"
+obj_to_file() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/objects/$(git rev-parse "$1" | sed 's,..,&/,')"
+}
+
+# Convert byte at offset "$2" of object "$1" into '\0'
+corrupt_byte() {
+	obj_file=$(obj_to_file "$1") &&
+	chmod +w "$obj_file" &&
+	printf '\0' | dd of="$obj_file" bs=1 seek="$2" conv=notrunc
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup corrupt repo' '
+	git init bit-error &&
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		corrupt_byte HEAD:content.t 10
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with missing object' '
+	git init missing &&
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		rm -f "$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with misnamed object' '
+	git init misnamed &&
+	(
+		cd misnamed &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		good=$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t) &&
+		blob=$(echo corrupt | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		bad=$(obj_to_file $blob) &&
+		rm -f "$good" &&
+		mv "$bad" "$good"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'streaming a corrupt blob fails' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file blob HEAD:content.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects bit-errors in blobs' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects missing objects' '
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+# We use --bare to make sure that the transport detects it, not the checkout
+# phase.
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare bit-error corrupt-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects missing object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare missing missing-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects misnamed object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare misnamed misnamed-transport
+'
+
+# We do not expect --local to detect corruption at the transport layer,
+# so we are really checking the checkout() code path.
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local bit-error corrupt-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error detected during checkout leaves repo intact' '
+	test_path_is_dir corrupt-checkout/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects missing objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local missing missing-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'clone --local detects misnamed objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local misnamed misnamed-checkout
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1090-sparse-checkout-scope.sh b/t/t1090-sparse-checkout-scope.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1f61eb3e88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1090-sparse-checkout-scope.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='sparse checkout scope tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo "initial" >a &&
+	echo "initial" >b &&
+	echo "initial" >c &&
+	git add a b c &&
+	git commit -m "initial commit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create feature branch' '
+	git checkout -b feature &&
+	echo "modified" >b &&
+	echo "modified" >c &&
+	git add b c &&
+	git commit -m "modification"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'perform sparse checkout of master' '
+	git config --local --bool core.sparsecheckout true &&
+	echo "!/*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo "/a" >>.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo "/c" >>.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_path_is_file a &&
+	test_path_is_missing b &&
+	test_path_is_file c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge feature branch into sparse checkout of master' '
+	git merge feature &&
+	test_path_is_file a &&
+	test_path_is_missing b &&
+	test_path_is_file c &&
+	test "$(cat c)" = "modified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'return to full checkout of master' '
+	git checkout feature &&
+	echo "/*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_path_is_file a &&
+	test_path_is_file b &&
+	test_path_is_file c &&
+	test "$(cat b)" = "modified"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh b/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
index c4414ff576..b7e9b4fc5b 100755
--- a/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
+++ b/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ test_description='git commit-tree options test
 
 This test checks that git commit-tree can create a specific commit
 object by defining all environment variables that it understands.
+
+Also make sure that command line parser understands the normal
+"flags first and then non flag arguments" command line.
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
@@ -32,14 +35,29 @@ test_expect_success \
      GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Committer Name" \
      GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="committer@email" \
      GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     TZ=GMT git commit-tree `cat treeid` >commitid 2>/dev/null'
+     TZ=GMT git commit-tree $(cat treeid) >commitid 2>/dev/null'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'read commit' \
-    'git cat-file commit `cat commitid` >commit'
+    'git cat-file commit $(cat commitid) >commit'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'compare commit' \
     'test_cmp expected commit'
 
+
+test_expect_success 'flags and then non flags' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) >commitid &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) -p $(cat commitid) >childid-1 &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree -p $(cat commitid) $(cat treeid) >childid-2 &&
+	test_cmp childid-1 childid-2 &&
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) -m foo >childid-3 &&
+	git commit-tree -m foo $(cat treeid) >childid-4 &&
+	test_cmp childid-3 childid-4
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1200-tutorial.sh b/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
index 5e29e13782..397ccb6909 100755
--- a/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
+++ b/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
@@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ test_expect_success 'git show-branch' '
 cat > resolve.expect << EOF
 Updating VARIABLE..VARIABLE
 FASTFORWARD (no commit created; -m option ignored)
- example |    1 +
- hello   |    1 +
- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ example | 1 +
+ hello   | 1 +
+ 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'git resolve' '
diff --git a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
index 0690e0edf4..d934a24417 100755
--- a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -55,11 +55,13 @@ test_expect_success 'uppercase section' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' \
-	'git config core.penguin kingpin !blue'
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' '
+	git config core.penguin kingpin !blue
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' \
-	'git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin'
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' '
+	git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [core]
@@ -108,8 +110,9 @@ baz = multiple \
 lines
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' \
-	'git config --unset beta.baz'
+test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' '
+	git config --unset beta.baz
+'
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 [alpha]
@@ -133,8 +136,9 @@ EOF
 
 cp .git/config .git/config2
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple unset' \
-	'git config --unset-all beta.haha'
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset' '
+	git config --unset-all beta.haha
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -145,7 +149,9 @@ noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
 [nextSection] noNewline = ouch
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cp .git/config2 .git/config
 
@@ -156,8 +162,9 @@ test_expect_success '--replace-all missing value' '
 
 rm .git/config2
 
-test_expect_success '--replace-all' \
-	'git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma'
+test_expect_success '--replace-all' '
+	git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -169,7 +176,9 @@ noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
 [nextSection] noNewline = ouch
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'all replaced' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'all replaced' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -200,7 +209,11 @@ test_expect_success 'really really mean test' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'get value' 'test alpha = $(git config beta.haha)'
+test_expect_success 'get value' '
+	echo alpha >expect &&
+	git config beta.haha >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -231,18 +244,30 @@ test_expect_success 'multivar' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'non-match' \
-	'git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for'
+test_expect_success 'non-match' '
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'non-match value' \
-	'test wow = $(git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for)'
+test_expect_success 'non-match value' '
+	echo wow >expect &&
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'ambiguous get' '
-	test_must_fail git config --get nextsection.nonewline
+test_expect_success 'multi-valued get returns final one' '
+	echo "wow2 for me" >expect &&
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'get multivar' \
-	'git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline'
+test_expect_success 'multi-valued get-all returns all' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	wow
+	wow2 for me
+	EOF
+	git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -259,10 +284,6 @@ test_expect_success 'multivar replace' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ambiguous value' '
-	test_must_fail git config nextsection.nonewline
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'ambiguous unset' '
 	test_must_fail git config --unset nextsection.nonewline
 '
@@ -290,8 +311,9 @@ test_expect_success 'invalid key' 'test_must_fail git config inval.2key blabla'
 
 test_expect_success 'correct key' 'git config 123456.a123 987'
 
-test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' \
-	'git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta'
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' '
+	git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -307,7 +329,9 @@ noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
 	Alpha = beta
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 beta.noindent=sillyValue
@@ -316,9 +340,10 @@ nextsection.nonewline=wow2 for me
 version.1.2.3eX.alpha=beta
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'working --list' \
-	'git config --list > output && cmp output expect'
-
+test_expect_success 'working --list' '
+	git config --list > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 cat > expect << EOF
 EOF
 
@@ -328,12 +353,36 @@ test_expect_success '--list without repo produces empty output' '
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
+beta.noindent
+nextsection.nonewline
+123456.a123
+version.1.2.3eX.alpha
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--name-only --list' '
+	git config --name-only --list >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
 beta.noindent sillyValue
 nextsection.nonewline wow2 for me
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success '--get-regexp' \
-	'git config --get-regexp in > output && cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success '--get-regexp' '
+	git config --get-regexp in >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+beta.noindent
+nextsection.nonewline
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--name-only --get-regexp' '
+	git config --name-only --get-regexp in >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 wow2 for me
@@ -353,45 +402,52 @@ cat > .git/config << EOF
 	variable =
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' \
-	'git config --get novalue.variable ^$'
+test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' '
+	git config --get novalue.variable ^$
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$'
+test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' '
+	git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$
+'
 
 echo novalue.variable > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' \
-	'git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' '
+	git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo 'novalue.variable true' > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp --bool variable with no value' \
-	'git config --bool --get-regexp novalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp --bool variable with no value' '
+	git config --bool --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo 'emptyvalue.variable ' > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' '
+	git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo true > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' \
-	'git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' '
+	git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo false > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' '
+	git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'no arguments, but no crash' '
 	test_must_fail git config >output 2>&1 &&
-	grep usage output
+	test_i18ngrep usage output
 '
 
 cat > .git/config << EOF
@@ -427,8 +483,9 @@ test_expect_success 'new variable inserts into proper section' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (non-existing file should fail)' \
-	'test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l'
+test_expect_success 'alternative --file (non-existing file should fail)' '
+	test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l
+'
 
 cat > other-config << EOF
 [ein]
@@ -440,24 +497,47 @@ ein.bahn=strasse
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG' '
-	GIT_CONFIG=other-config git config -l >output &&
+	GIT_CONFIG=other-config git config --list >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' \
-	'git config --file other-config -l > output && cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' '
+	git config --file other-config --list >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file=-)' '
+	git config --file - --list <other-config >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting a value in stdin is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --file - some.value foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'editing stdin is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --file - --edit
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory' '
 	mkdir x &&
 	(
 		cd x &&
-		echo strasse >expect
+		echo strasse >expect &&
 		git config --get --file ../other-config ein.bahn >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory via --file' '
+	(
+		cd x &&
+		git config --file=../other-config --get ein.bahn >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 [ein]
 	bahn = strasse
@@ -465,8 +545,8 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 	park = ausweis
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success '--set in alternative GIT_CONFIG' '
-	GIT_CONFIG=other-config git config anwohner.park ausweis &&
+test_expect_success '--set in alternative file' '
+	git config --file=other-config anwohner.park ausweis &&
 	test_cmp expect other-config
 '
 
@@ -481,8 +561,9 @@ cat > .git/config << EOF
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename section" \
-	"git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei"
+test_expect_success 'rename section' '
+	git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -495,17 +576,22 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-test_expect_success "rename non-existing section" '
+test_expect_success 'rename non-existing section' '
 	test_must_fail git config --rename-section \
 		branch."world domination" branch.drei
 '
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-test_expect_success "rename another section" \
-	'git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei'
+test_expect_success 'rename another section' '
+	git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -518,14 +604,17 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat >> .git/config << EOF
 [branch "vier"] z = 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename a section with a var on the same line" \
-	'git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei'
+test_expect_success 'rename a section with a var on the same line' '
+	git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -540,13 +629,25 @@ weird
 	z = 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'renaming empty section name is rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git config --rename-section branch.zwei ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'renaming to bogus section is rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git config --rename-section branch.zwei "bogus name"
+'
 
 cat >> .git/config << EOF
   [branch "zwei"] a = 1 [branch "vier"]
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "remove section" "git config --remove-section branch.zwei"
+test_expect_success 'remove section' '
+	git config --remove-section branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -555,8 +656,9 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "section was removed properly" \
-	"test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'section was removed properly' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [gitcvs]
@@ -567,7 +669,6 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'section ending' '
-
 	rm -f .git/config &&
 	git config gitcvs.enabled true &&
 	git config gitcvs.ext.dbname %Ggitcvs1.%a.%m.sqlite &&
@@ -577,30 +678,34 @@ test_expect_success 'section ending' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success numbers '
-
 	git config kilo.gram 1k &&
 	git config mega.ton 1m &&
-	k=$(git config --int --get kilo.gram) &&
-	test z1024 = "z$k" &&
-	m=$(git config --int --get mega.ton) &&
-	test z1048576 = "z$m"
+	echo 1024 >expect &&
+	echo 1048576 >>expect &&
+	git config --int --get kilo.gram >actual &&
+	git config --int --get mega.ton >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
-fatal: bad config value for 'aninvalid.unit' in .git/config
-EOF
+test_expect_success '--int is at least 64 bits' '
+	git config giga.watts 121g &&
+	echo 129922760704 >expect &&
+	git config --int --get giga.watts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid unit' '
-
 	git config aninvalid.unit "1auto" &&
-	s=$(git config aninvalid.unit) &&
-	test "z1auto" = "z$s" &&
-	if git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual
-	then
-		echo config should have failed
-		false
-	fi &&
-	cmp actual expect
+	echo 1auto >expect &&
+	git config aninvalid.unit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad numeric config value .1auto. for .aninvalid.unit. in file .git/config: invalid unit" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid stdin config' '
+	echo "[broken" | test_must_fail git config --list --file - >output 2>&1 &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad config line 1 in standard input" output
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -630,7 +735,7 @@ test_expect_success bool '
 	    git config --bool --get bool.true$i >>result
 	    git config --bool --get bool.false$i >>result
         done &&
-	cmp expect result'
+	test_cmp expect result'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid bool (--get)' '
 
@@ -664,7 +769,7 @@ test_expect_success 'set --bool' '
 	git config --bool bool.false2 "" &&
 	git config --bool bool.false3 nO &&
 	git config --bool bool.false4 FALSE &&
-	cmp expect .git/config'
+	test_cmp expect .git/config'
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 [int]
@@ -679,39 +784,37 @@ test_expect_success 'set --int' '
 	git config --int int.val1 01 &&
 	git config --int int.val2 -1 &&
 	git config --int int.val3 5m &&
-	cmp expect .git/config'
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-[bool]
-	true1 = true
+test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[bool]
+	true1
 	true2 = true
-	false1 = false
-	false2 = false
-[int]
+	false = false
+	[int]
 	int1 = 0
 	int2 = 1
 	int3 = -1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
-	rm -f .git/config &&
-	(
-		echo "[bool]"
-		echo true1
-		echo true2 = true
-		echo false = false
-		echo "[int]"
-		echo int1 = 0
-		echo int2 = 1
-		echo int3 = -1
-	) >>.git/config &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true1) = true &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true2) = true &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.false) = false &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int1) = 0 &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int2) = 1 &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int3) = -1
-
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	true
+	true
+	false
+	0
+	1
+	-1
+	EOF
+	{
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.true1 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.true2 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.false &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int1 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int2 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int3
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -745,14 +848,14 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 	trailingtilde = foo~
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'set --path' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'set --path' '
 	rm -f .git/config &&
 	git config --path path.home "~/" &&
 	git config --path path.normal "/dev/null" &&
 	git config --path path.trailingtilde "foo~" &&
 	test_cmp expect .git/config'
 
-if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW && test "${HOME+set}"
+if test_have_prereq !MINGW && test "${HOME+set}"
 then
 	test_set_prereq HOMEVAR
 fi
@@ -775,7 +878,7 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 foo~
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'get --path copes with unset $HOME' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'get --path copes with unset $HOME' '
 	(
 		unset HOME;
 		test_must_fail git config --get --path path.home \
@@ -787,6 +890,11 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'get --path copes with unset $HOME' '
 	test_cmp expect result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'get --path barfs on boolean variable' '
+	echo "[path]bool" >.git/config &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get --path path.bool
+'
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 [quote]
 	leading = " test"
@@ -828,7 +936,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'value continued on next line' '
 	git config --list > result &&
-	cmp result expect
+	test_cmp result expect
 '
 
 cat > .git/config <<\EOF
@@ -851,56 +959,56 @@ Qsection.sub=section.val4
 Qsection.sub=section.val5Q
 EOF
 test_expect_success '--null --list' '
-	git config --null --list | nul_to_q >result &&
+	git config --null --list >result.raw &&
+	nul_to_q <result.raw >result &&
 	echo >>result &&
 	test_cmp expect result
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--null --get-regexp' '
-	git config --null --get-regexp "val[0-9]" | nul_to_q >result &&
+	git config --null --get-regexp "val[0-9]" >result.raw &&
+	nul_to_q <result.raw >result &&
 	echo >>result &&
 	test_cmp expect result
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'inner whitespace kept verbatim' '
 	git config section.val "foo 	  bar" &&
-	test "z$(git config section.val)" = "zfoo 	  bar"
+	echo "foo 	  bar" >expect &&
+	git config section.val >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinked configuration' '
-
 	ln -s notyet myconfig &&
-	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.frotz nitfol &&
+	git config --file=myconfig test.frotz nitfol &&
 	test -h myconfig &&
 	test -f notyet &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
-	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.xyzzy rezrov &&
+	test "z$(git config --file=notyet test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
+	git config --file=myconfig test.xyzzy rezrov &&
 	test -h myconfig &&
 	test -f notyet &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.xyzzy)" = zrezrov
-
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	nitfol
+	rezrov
+	EOF
+	{
+		git config --file=notyet test.frotz &&
+		git config --file=notyet test.xyzzy
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent configuration' '
-	(
-		GIT_CONFIG=doesnotexist &&
-		export GIT_CONFIG &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list &&
-		test_must_fail git config test.xyzzy
-	)
+	test_must_fail git config --file=doesnotexist --list &&
+	test_must_fail git config --file=doesnotexist test.xyzzy
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink to nonexistent configuration' '
 	ln -s doesnotexist linktonada &&
 	ln -s linktonada linktolinktonada &&
-	(
-		GIT_CONFIG=linktonada &&
-		export GIT_CONFIG &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list &&
-		GIT_CONFIG=linktolinktonada &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list
-	)
+	test_must_fail git config --file=linktonada --list &&
+	test_must_fail git config --file=linktolinktonada --list
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check split_cmdline return' "
@@ -911,15 +1019,34 @@ test_expect_success 'check split_cmdline return' "
 	git commit -m 'initial commit' &&
 	git config branch.master.mergeoptions 'echo \"' &&
 	test_must_fail git merge master
-	"
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'git -c "key=value" support' '
-	test "z$(git -c core.name=value config core.name)" = zvalue &&
-	test "z$(git -c foo.CamelCase=value config foo.camelcase)" = zvalue &&
-	test "z$(git -c foo.flag config --bool foo.flag)" = ztrue &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	value
+	value
+	true
+	EOF
+	{
+		git -c core.name=value config core.name &&
+		git -c foo.CamelCase=value config foo.camelcase &&
+		git -c foo.flag config --bool foo.flag
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test_must_fail git -c name=value config core.name
 '
 
+# We just need a type-specifier here that cares about the
+# distinction internally between a NULL boolean and a real
+# string (because most of git's internal parsers do care).
+# Using "--path" works, but we do not otherwise care about
+# its semantics.
+test_expect_success 'git -c can represent empty string' '
+	echo >expect &&
+	git -c foo.empty= config --path foo.empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'key sanity-checking' '
 	test_must_fail git config foo=bar &&
 	test_must_fail git config foo=.bar &&
@@ -960,4 +1087,289 @@ test_expect_success 'git -c complains about empty key and value' '
 	test_must_fail git -c "" rev-parse
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'multiple git -c appends config' '
+	test_config alias.x "!git -c x.two=2 config --get-regexp ^x\.*" &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	x.one 1
+	x.two 2
+	EOF
+	git -c x.one=1 x >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git -c is not confused by empty environment' '
+	GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS="" git -c x.one=1 config --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git config --edit works' '
+	git config -f tmp test.value no &&
+	echo test.value=yes >expect &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="echo [test]value=yes >" git config -f tmp --edit &&
+	git config -f tmp --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git config --edit respects core.editor' '
+	git config -f tmp test.value no &&
+	echo test.value=yes >expect &&
+	test_config core.editor "echo [test]value=yes >" &&
+	git config -f tmp --edit &&
+	git config -f tmp --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# malformed configuration files
+test_expect_success 'barf on syntax error' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# broken section line
+	[section]
+	key garbage
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --get section.key >actual 2>error &&
+	grep " line 3 " error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'barf on incomplete section header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# broken section line
+	[section
+	key = value
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --get section.key >actual 2>error &&
+	grep " line 2 " error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'barf on incomplete string' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# broken section line
+	[section]
+	key = "value string
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --get section.key >actual 2>error &&
+	grep " line 3 " error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'urlmatch' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[http]
+		sslVerify
+	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+		sslVerify = false
+		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+	EOF
+
+	test_expect_code 1 git config --bool --get-urlmatch doesnt.exist https://good.example.com >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.SSLverify https://good.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo false >expect &&
+	git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo http.cookiefile /tmp/cookie.txt &&
+		echo http.sslverify false
+	} >expect &&
+	git config --get-urlmatch HTTP https://weak.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# good section hygiene
+test_expect_failure 'unsetting the last key in a section removes header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	# a comment specific to this "section" section.
+	[section]
+	# some intervening lines
+	# that should also be dropped
+
+	key = value
+	# please be careful when you update the above variable
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	EOF
+
+	git config --unset section.key &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'adding a key into an empty section reuses header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	EOF
+
+	q_to_tab >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	Qkey = value
+	EOF
+
+	git config section.key value &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,PERL 'preserves existing permissions' '
+	chmod 0600 .git/config &&
+	git config imap.pass Hunter2 &&
+	perl -e \
+	  "die q(badset) if ((stat(q(.git/config)))[2] & 07777) != 0600" &&
+	git config --rename-section imap pop &&
+	perl -e \
+	  "die q(badrename) if ((stat(q(.git/config)))[2] & 07777) != 0600"
+'
+
+! test_have_prereq MINGW ||
+HOME="$(pwd)" # convert to Windows path
+
+test_expect_success 'set up --show-origin tests' '
+	INCLUDE_DIR="$HOME/include" &&
+	mkdir -p "$INCLUDE_DIR" &&
+	cat >"$INCLUDE_DIR"/absolute.include <<-\EOF &&
+		[user]
+			absolute = include
+	EOF
+	cat >"$INCLUDE_DIR"/relative.include <<-\EOF &&
+		[user]
+			relative = include
+	EOF
+	cat >"$HOME"/.gitconfig <<-EOF &&
+		[user]
+			global = true
+			override = global
+		[include]
+			path = "$INCLUDE_DIR/absolute.include"
+	EOF
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF
+		[user]
+			local = true
+			override = local
+		[include]
+			path = ../include/relative.include
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--show-origin with --list' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		file:$HOME/.gitconfig	user.global=true
+		file:$HOME/.gitconfig	user.override=global
+		file:$HOME/.gitconfig	include.path=$INCLUDE_DIR/absolute.include
+		file:$INCLUDE_DIR/absolute.include	user.absolute=include
+		file:.git/config	user.local=true
+		file:.git/config	user.override=local
+		file:.git/config	include.path=../include/relative.include
+		file:.git/../include/relative.include	user.relative=include
+		command line:	user.cmdline=true
+	EOF
+	git -c user.cmdline=true config --list --show-origin >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--show-origin with --list --null' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		file:$HOME/.gitconfigQuser.global
+		trueQfile:$HOME/.gitconfigQuser.override
+		globalQfile:$HOME/.gitconfigQinclude.path
+		$INCLUDE_DIR/absolute.includeQfile:$INCLUDE_DIR/absolute.includeQuser.absolute
+		includeQfile:.git/configQuser.local
+		trueQfile:.git/configQuser.override
+		localQfile:.git/configQinclude.path
+		../include/relative.includeQfile:.git/../include/relative.includeQuser.relative
+		includeQcommand line:Quser.cmdline
+		trueQ
+	EOF
+	git -c user.cmdline=true config --null --list --show-origin >output.raw &&
+	nul_to_q <output.raw >output &&
+	# The here-doc above adds a newline that the --null output would not
+	# include. Add it here to make the two comparable.
+	echo >>output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--show-origin with single file' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		file:.git/config	user.local=true
+		file:.git/config	user.override=local
+		file:.git/config	include.path=../include/relative.include
+	EOF
+	git config --local --list --show-origin >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--show-origin with --get-regexp' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		file:$HOME/.gitconfig	user.global true
+		file:.git/config	user.local true
+	EOF
+	git config --show-origin --get-regexp "user\.[g|l].*" >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--show-origin getting a single key' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		file:.git/config	local
+	EOF
+	git config --show-origin user.override >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up custom config file' '
+	CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE="file\" (dq) and spaces.conf" &&
+	cat >"$CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE" <<-\EOF
+		[user]
+			custom = true
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW '--show-origin escape special file name characters' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		file:"file\" (dq) and spaces.conf"	user.custom=true
+	EOF
+	git config --file "$CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE" --show-origin --list >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--show-origin stdin' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		standard input:	user.custom=true
+	EOF
+	git config --file - --show-origin --list <"$CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE" >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--show-origin stdin with file include' '
+	cat >"$INCLUDE_DIR"/stdin.include <<-EOF &&
+		[user]
+			stdin = include
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		file:$INCLUDE_DIR/stdin.include	include
+	EOF
+	echo "[include]path=\"$INCLUDE_DIR\"/stdin.include" \
+		| git config --show-origin --includes --file - user.stdin >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW '--show-origin blob' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		blob:a9d9f9e555b5c6f07cbe09d3f06fe3df11e09c08	user.custom=true
+	EOF
+	blob=$(git hash-object -w "$CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE") &&
+	git config --blob=$blob --show-origin --list >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW '--show-origin blob ref' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		blob:"master:file\" (dq) and spaces.conf"	user.custom=true
+	EOF
+	git add "$CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE" &&
+	git commit -m "new config file" &&
+	git config --blob=master:"$CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE" --show-origin --list >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh b/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh
index de42d21c92..ac10875408 100755
--- a/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh
+++ b/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh
@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ setfacl -k . 2>/dev/null
 
 # User must have read permissions to the repo -> failure on --shared=0400
 test_expect_success 'shared = 0400 (faulty permission u-w)' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf sub" &&
 	mkdir sub && (
-		cd sub && git init --shared=0400
+		cd sub &&
+		test_must_fail git init --shared=0400
 	)
-	ret="$?"
-	rm -rf sub
-	test $ret != "0"
 '
 
 modebits () {
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ do
 			git init --shared=1 &&
 			test 1 = "$(git config core.sharedrepository)"
 		) &&
-		actual=$(ls -l sub/.git/HEAD)
+		actual=$(ls -l sub/.git/HEAD) &&
 		case "$actual" in
 		-rw-rw-r--*)
 			: happy
@@ -90,10 +89,8 @@ do
 		rm -f .git/info/refs &&
 		git update-server-info &&
 		actual="$(modebits .git/info/refs)" &&
-		test "x$actual" = "x-$y" || {
-			ls -lt .git/info
-			false
-		}
+		verbose test "x$actual" = "x-$y"
+
 	'
 
 	umask 077 &&
@@ -102,16 +99,24 @@ do
 		rm -f .git/info/refs &&
 		git update-server-info &&
 		actual="$(modebits .git/info/refs)" &&
-		test "x$actual" = "x-$x" || {
-			ls -lt .git/info
-			false
-		}
+		verbose test "x$actual" = "x-$x"
 
 	'
 
 done
 
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'info/refs respects umask in unshared repo' '
+	rm -f .git/info/refs &&
+	test_unconfig core.sharedrepository &&
+	umask 002 &&
+	git update-server-info &&
+	echo "-rw-rw-r--" >expect &&
+	modebits .git/info/refs >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'git reflog expire honors core.sharedRepository' '
+	umask 077 &&
 	git config core.sharedRepository group &&
 	git reflog expire --all &&
 	actual="$(ls -l .git/logs/refs/heads/master)" &&
diff --git a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
index 0e47662406..9bcd34969f 100755
--- a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
+++ b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 	test_create_repo "test" &&
 	test_create_repo "test2" &&
-	GIT_CONFIG=test2/.git/config git config core.repositoryformatversion 99
+	git config --file=test2/.git/config core.repositoryformatversion 99
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gitdir selection on normal repos' '
@@ -67,4 +67,64 @@ test_expect_success 'gitdir required mode' '
 	)
 '
 
+check_allow () {
+	git rev-parse --git-dir >actual &&
+	echo .git >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+check_abort () {
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --git-dir
+}
+
+# avoid git-config, since it cannot be trusted to run
+# in a repository with a broken version
+mkconfig () {
+	echo '[core]' &&
+	echo "repositoryformatversion = $1" &&
+	shift &&
+
+	if test $# -gt 0; then
+		echo '[extensions]' &&
+		for i in "$@"; do
+			echo "$i"
+		done
+	fi
+}
+
+while read outcome version extensions; do
+	test_expect_success "$outcome version=$version $extensions" "
+		mkconfig $version $extensions >.git/config &&
+		check_${outcome}
+	"
+done <<\EOF
+allow 0
+allow 1
+allow 1 noop
+abort 1 no-such-extension
+allow 0 no-such-extension
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'precious-objects allowed' '
+	mkconfig 1 preciousObjects >.git/config &&
+	check_allow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'precious-objects blocks destructive repack' '
+	test_must_fail git repack -ad
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'other repacks are OK' '
+	test_commit foo &&
+	git repack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'precious-objects blocks prune' '
+	test_must_fail git prune
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc runs without complaint' '
+	git gc
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh b/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh
index 46103a1591..3b92083e19 100755
--- a/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh
@@ -3,17 +3,28 @@
 test_description='Test wacky input to git config'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# Leaving off the newline is intentional!
 setup() {
 	(printf "[section]\n" &&
 	printf "  key = foo") >.git/config
 }
 
+# 'check section.key value' verifies that the entry for section.key is
+# 'value'
 check() {
 	echo "$2" >expected
 	git config --get "$1" >actual 2>&1
 	test_cmp actual expected
 }
 
+# 'check section.key regex value' verifies that the entry for
+# section.key *that matches 'regex'* is 'value'
+check_regex() {
+	echo "$3" >expected
+	git config --get "$1" "$2" >actual 2>&1
+	test_cmp actual expected
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'modify same key' '
 	setup &&
 	git config section.key bar &&
@@ -47,4 +58,77 @@ test_expect_success 'do not crash on special long config line' '
 	check section.key "$LONG_VALUE"
 '
 
+setup_many() {
+	setup &&
+	# This time we want the newline so that we can tack on more
+	# entries.
+	echo >>.git/config &&
+	# Semi-efficient way of concatenating 5^5 = 3125 lines. Note
+	# that because 'setup' already put one line, this means 3126
+	# entries for section.key in the config file.
+	cat >5to1 <<-\EOF &&
+	  key = foo
+	  key = foo
+	  key = foo
+	  key = foo
+	  key = foo
+	EOF
+	cat 5to1 5to1 5to1 5to1 5to1 >5to2 &&	   # 25
+	cat 5to2 5to2 5to2 5to2 5to2 >5to3 &&	   # 125
+	cat 5to3 5to3 5to3 5to3 5to3 >5to4 &&	   # 635
+	cat 5to4 5to4 5to4 5to4 5to4 >>.git/config # 3125
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'get many entries' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --get-all section.key >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3126 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get many entries by regex' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --get-regexp "sec.*ke." >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3126 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add and replace one of many entries' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --add section.key bar &&
+	check_regex section.key "b.*r" bar &&
+	git config section.key beer "b.*r" &&
+	check_regex section.key "b.*r" beer
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace many entries' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --replace-all section.key bar &&
+	check section.key bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unset many entries' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --unset-all section.key &&
+	test_must_fail git config section.key
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--add appends new value after existing empty value' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+
+
+	fool
+	roll
+	EOF
+	cp .git/config .git/config.old &&
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/config.old .git/config" &&
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[foo]
+		baz
+		baz =
+		baz = fool
+	EOF
+	git config --add foo.baz roll &&
+	git config --get-all foo.baz >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1304-default-acl.sh b/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
index 2b962cfda7..f5422f1d33 100755
--- a/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
+++ b/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
@@ -14,20 +14,19 @@ umask 077
 # We need an arbitrary other user give permission to using ACLs. root
 # is a good candidate: exists on all unices, and it has permission
 # anyway, so we don't create a security hole running the testsuite.
-
-setfacl_out="$(setfacl -m u:root:rwx . 2>&1)"
-setfacl_ret=$?
-
-if test $setfacl_ret != 0
-then
-	say "Unable to use setfacl (output: '$setfacl_out'; return code: '$setfacl_ret')"
-else
-	test_set_prereq SETFACL
-fi
+test_expect_success 'checking for a working acl setup' '
+	if setfacl -m d:m:rwx -m u:root:rwx . &&
+	   getfacl . | grep user:root:rwx &&
+	   touch should-have-readable-acl &&
+	   getfacl should-have-readable-acl | egrep "mask::?rw-"
+	then
+		test_set_prereq SETFACL
+	fi
+'
 
 if test -z "$LOGNAME"
 then
-	LOGNAME=$USER
+	LOGNAME="${USER:-$(id -u -n)}"
 fi
 
 check_perms_and_acl () {
diff --git a/t/t1305-config-include.sh b/t/t1305-config-include.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9ba2ba11c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1305-config-include.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test config file include directives'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'include file by absolute path' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = \"$(pwd)/one\"" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git config test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'include file by relative path' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = one" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git config test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'chained relative paths' '
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo "[test]three = 3" >subdir/three &&
+	echo "[include]path = three" >subdir/two &&
+	echo "[include]path = subdir/two" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo 3 >expect &&
+	git config test.three >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'include paths get tilde-expansion' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = ~/one" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git config test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'include options can still be examined' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = one" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo one >expect &&
+	git config include.path >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing includes option and expansion' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = one" >.gitconfig &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	include.path=one
+	test.one=1
+	EOF
+	git config --list >actual.full &&
+	grep -v ^core actual.full >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single file lookup does not expand includes by default' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = one" >.gitconfig &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitconfig test.one &&
+	test_must_fail git config --global test.one &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git config --includes -f .gitconfig test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single file list does not expand includes by default' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = one" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "include.path=one" >expect &&
+	git config -f .gitconfig --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing config file does not expand includes' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = one" >.gitconfig &&
+	git config test.two 2 &&
+	echo 2 >expect &&
+	git config --no-includes test.two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config --no-includes test.one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config modification does not affect includes' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = one" >.gitconfig &&
+	git config test.one 2 &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git config -f one test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	1
+	2
+	EOF
+	git config --get-all test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'missing include files are ignored' '
+	cat >.gitconfig <<-\EOF &&
+	[include]path = foo
+	[test]value = yes
+	EOF
+	echo yes >expect &&
+	git config test.value >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute includes from command line work' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git -c include.path="$(pwd)/one" config test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative includes from command line fail' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	test_must_fail git -c include.path=one config test.one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute includes from blobs work' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path=$(pwd)/one" >blob &&
+	blob=$(git hash-object -w blob) &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git config --blob=$blob test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative includes from blobs fail' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path=one" >blob &&
+	blob=$(git hash-object -w blob) &&
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=$blob test.one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute includes from stdin work' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	echo "[include]path=\"$(pwd)/one\"" |
+	git config --file - test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative includes from stdin line fail' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path=one" |
+	test_must_fail git config --file - test.one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'include cycles are detected' '
+	cat >.gitconfig <<-\EOF &&
+	[test]value = gitconfig
+	[include]path = cycle
+	EOF
+	cat >cycle <<-\EOF &&
+	[test]value = cycle
+	[include]path = .gitconfig
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	gitconfig
+	cycle
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all test.value 2>stderr &&
+	grep "exceeded maximum include depth" stderr
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh b/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8b14ab187c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Valentin Duperray, Lucien Kong, Franck Jonas,
+#		     Thomas Nguy, Khoi Nguyen
+#		     Grenoble INP Ensimag
+#
+
+test_description='Compatibility with $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'read config: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	mkdir -p .config/git &&
+	echo "[alias]" >.config/git/config &&
+	echo "	myalias = !echo in_config" >>.config/git/config &&
+	echo in_config >expected &&
+	git myalias >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read config: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[alias]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	myalias = !echo in_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo in_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git myalias >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --get: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	rm .gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.config/git/config &&
+	echo "	name = read_config" >>.config/git/config &&
+	echo read_config >expected &&
+	git config --get user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo "[user]name = in_xdg" >"$HOME"/xdg/git/config &&
+	echo in_xdg >expected &&
+	XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"/xdg git config --get-all user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --get: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	name = read_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo read_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git config --get user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --list: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	rm .gitconfig &&
+	echo user.name=read_config >expected &&
+	git config --global --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --list: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	name = read_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo user.name=read_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git config --global --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Setup' '
+	git init git &&
+	cd git &&
+	echo foo >to_be_excluded
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion of a file in the XDG ignore file' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/.config/git/ &&
+	echo to_be_excluded >"$HOME"/.config/git/ignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+test_expect_success '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git/ignore' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo content >excluded_by_xdg_only &&
+	echo excluded_by_xdg_only >"$HOME"/xdg/git/ignore &&
+	test_when_finished "git read-tree --empty" &&
+	(XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME/xdg" &&
+	 export XDG_CONFIG_HOME &&
+	 git add to_be_excluded &&
+	 test_must_fail git add excluded_by_xdg_only
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion in both XDG and local ignore files' '
+	echo to_be_excluded >.gitignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion in a non-XDG global ignore file' '
+	rm .gitignore &&
+	echo >"$HOME"/.config/git/ignore &&
+	echo to_be_excluded >"$HOME"/my_gitignore &&
+	git config core.excludesfile "$HOME"/my_gitignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking XDG ignore file when HOME is unset' '
+	>expected &&
+	(sane_unset HOME &&
+	 git config --unset core.excludesfile &&
+	 git ls-files --exclude-standard --ignored >actual) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in the XDG attributes file' '
+	echo foo >f &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_line_count -eq 0 actual &&
+	echo "f attr_f" >"$HOME"/.config/git/attributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: set" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking XDG attributes when HOME is unset' '
+	>expected &&
+	(sane_unset HOME &&
+	 git check-attr -a f >actual) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git/attributes' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo "f attr_f=xdg" >"$HOME"/xdg/git/attributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: xdg" >expected &&
+	XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME/xdg" git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in both XDG and local attributes files' '
+	echo "f -attr_f" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: unset" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in a non-XDG global attributes file' '
+	test_might_fail rm .gitattributes &&
+	echo "f attr_f=test" >"$HOME"/my_gitattributes &&
+	git config core.attributesfile "$HOME"/my_gitattributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: test" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/.config/git &&
+	>"$HOME"/.config/git/config &&
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_config" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_config" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.config/git/config
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>"$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_gitconfig" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_gitconfig" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.gitconfig
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: ~/.config/git/ exists and config file doesn'\''t' '
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.config/git/config &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_gitconfig" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_gitconfig" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.gitconfig
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1307-config-blob.sh b/t/t1307-config-blob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3c6791e6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1307-config-blob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='support for reading config from a blob'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create config blob' '
+	cat >config <<-\EOF &&
+	[some]
+		value = 1
+	EOF
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'list config blob contents' '
+	echo some.value=1 >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch value from blob' '
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config --bool some.value >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading non-existing value from blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config non.existing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from blob and file is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --system --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from missing ref is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:doesnotexist --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from non-blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting a value in a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config some.value foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting a value in a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --unset some.value
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'editing a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --edit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'parse errors in blobs are properly attributed' '
+	cat >config <<-\EOF &&
+	[some]
+		value = "
+	EOF
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m broken &&
+
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config some.value 2>err &&
+
+	# just grep for our token as the exact error message is likely to
+	# change or be internationalized
+	grep "HEAD:config" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can parse blob ending with CR' '
+	printf "[some]key = value\\r" >config &&
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m CR &&
+	echo value >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config some.key >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1308-config-set.sh b/t/t1308-config-set.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..cf716b469f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1308-config-set.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test git config-set API in different settings'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# 'check_config get_* section.key value' verifies that the entry for
+# section.key is 'value'
+check_config () {
+	if test "$1" = expect_code
+	then
+		expect_code="$2" && shift && shift
+	else
+		expect_code=0
+	fi &&
+	op=$1 key=$2 && shift && shift &&
+	if test $# != 0
+	then
+		printf "%s\n" "$@"
+	fi >expect &&
+	test_expect_code $expect_code test-config "$op" "$key" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup default config' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF
+	[case]
+		penguin = very blue
+		Movie = BadPhysics
+		UPPERCASE = true
+		MixedCase = true
+		my =
+		foo
+		baz = sam
+	[Cores]
+		WhatEver = Second
+		baz = bar
+	[cores]
+		baz = bat
+	[CORES]
+		baz = ball
+	[my "Foo bAr"]
+		hi = mixed-case
+	[my "FOO BAR"]
+		hi = upper-case
+	[my "foo bar"]
+		hi = lower-case
+	[case]
+		baz = bat
+		baz = hask
+	[lamb]
+		chop = 65
+		head = none
+	[goat]
+		legs = 4
+		head = true
+		skin = false
+		nose = 1
+		horns
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get value for a simple key' '
+	check_config get_value case.penguin "very blue"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get value for a key with value as an empty string' '
+	check_config get_value case.my ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get value for a key with value as NULL' '
+	check_config get_value case.foo "(NULL)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upper case key' '
+	check_config get_value case.UPPERCASE "true" &&
+	check_config get_value case.uppercase "true"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mixed case key' '
+	check_config get_value case.MixedCase "true" &&
+	check_config get_value case.MIXEDCASE "true" &&
+	check_config get_value case.mixedcase "true"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'key and value with mixed case' '
+	check_config get_value case.Movie "BadPhysics"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'key with case sensitive subsection' '
+	check_config get_value "my.Foo bAr.hi" "mixed-case" &&
+	check_config get_value "my.FOO BAR.hi" "upper-case" &&
+	check_config get_value "my.foo bar.hi" "lower-case"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'key with case insensitive section header' '
+	check_config get_value cores.baz "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value Cores.baz "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value CORES.baz "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value coreS.baz "ball"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'key with case insensitive section header & variable' '
+	check_config get_value CORES.BAZ "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value cores.baz "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value cores.BaZ "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value cOreS.bAz "ball"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value with misspelled key' '
+	check_config expect_code 1 get_value "my.fOo Bar.hi" "Value not found for \"my.fOo Bar.hi\""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value with the highest priority' '
+	check_config get_value case.baz "hask"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find integer value for a key' '
+	check_config get_int lamb.chop 65
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find string value for a key' '
+	check_config get_string case.baz hask &&
+	check_config expect_code 1 get_string case.ba "Value not found for \"case.ba\""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check line error when NULL string is queried' '
+	test_expect_code 128 test-config get_string case.foo 2>result &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: .*case\.foo.*\.git/config.*line 7" result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find integer if value is non parse-able' '
+	check_config expect_code 128 get_int lamb.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find bool value for the entered key' '
+	check_config get_bool goat.head 1 &&
+	check_config get_bool goat.skin 0 &&
+	check_config get_bool goat.nose 1 &&
+	check_config get_bool goat.horns 1 &&
+	check_config get_bool goat.legs 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find multiple values' '
+	check_config get_value_multi case.baz sam bat hask
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value from a configset' '
+	cat >config2 <<-\EOF &&
+	[case]
+		baz = lama
+	[my]
+		new = silk
+	[case]
+		baz = ball
+	EOF
+	echo silk >expect &&
+	test-config configset_get_value my.new config2 .git/config >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value with highest priority from a configset' '
+	echo hask >expect &&
+	test-config configset_get_value case.baz config2 .git/config >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value_list for a key from a configset' '
+	cat >except <<-\EOF &&
+	sam
+	bat
+	hask
+	lama
+	ball
+	EOF
+	test-config configset_get_value case.baz config2 .git/config >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper error on non-existent files' '
+	echo "Error (-1) reading configuration file non-existent-file." >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 2 test-config configset_get_value foo.bar non-existent-file 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'proper error on non-accessible files' '
+	chmod -r .git/config &&
+	test_when_finished "chmod +r .git/config" &&
+	echo "Error (-1) reading configuration file .git/config." >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 2 test-config configset_get_value foo.bar .git/config 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper error on error in default config files' '
+	cp .git/config .git/config.old &&
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/config.old .git/config" &&
+	echo "[" >>.git/config &&
+	echo "fatal: bad config line 34 in file .git/config" >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 128 test-config get_value foo.bar 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper error on error in custom config files' '
+	echo "[" >>syntax-error &&
+	echo "fatal: bad config line 1 in file syntax-error" >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 128 test-config configset_get_value foo.bar syntax-error 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check line errors for malformed values' '
+	mv .git/config .git/config.old &&
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/config.old .git/config" &&
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[alias]
+		br
+	EOF
+	test_expect_code 128 git br 2>result &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: .*alias\.br.*\.git/config.*line 2" result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error on modifying repo config without repo' '
+	mkdir no-repo &&
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=$(pwd) &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd no-repo &&
+		test_must_fail git config a.b c 2>err &&
+		grep "not in a git directory" err
+	)
+'
+
+cmdline_config="'foo.bar=from-cmdline'"
+test_expect_success 'iteration shows correct origins' '
+	echo "[foo]bar = from-repo" >.git/config &&
+	echo "[foo]bar = from-home" >.gitconfig &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	key=foo.bar
+	value=from-home
+	origin=file
+	name=$HOME/.gitconfig
+	scope=global
+
+	key=foo.bar
+	value=from-repo
+	origin=file
+	name=.git/config
+	scope=repo
+
+	key=foo.bar
+	value=from-cmdline
+	origin=command line
+	name=
+	scope=cmdline
+	EOF
+	GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS=$cmdline_config test-config iterate >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1350-config-hooks-path.sh b/t/t1350-config-hooks-path.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5e3fb3a6af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1350-config-hooks-path.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test the core.hooksPath configuration variable'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'set up a pre-commit hook in core.hooksPath' '
+	mkdir -p .git/custom-hooks .git/hooks &&
+	write_script .git/custom-hooks/pre-commit <<-\EOF &&
+	echo CUSTOM >>actual
+	EOF
+	write_script .git/hooks/pre-commit <<-\EOF
+	echo NORMAL >>actual
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check that various forms of specifying core.hooksPath work' '
+	test_commit no_custom_hook &&
+	git config core.hooksPath .git/custom-hooks &&
+	test_commit have_custom_hook &&
+	git config core.hooksPath .git/custom-hooks/ &&
+	test_commit have_custom_hook_trailing_slash &&
+	git config core.hooksPath "$PWD/.git/custom-hooks" &&
+	test_commit have_custom_hook_abs_path &&
+	git config core.hooksPath "$PWD/.git/custom-hooks/" &&
+	test_commit have_custom_hook_abs_path_trailing_slash &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	NORMAL
+	CUSTOM
+	CUSTOM
+	CUSTOM
+	CUSTOM
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index 4fd83a667a..af1b20dd5c 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 m=refs/heads/master
 n_dir=refs/heads/gu
 n=$n_dir/fixes
+outside=foo
 
 test_expect_success \
 	"create $m" \
@@ -74,6 +75,42 @@ test_expect_success "delete $m (by HEAD)" '
 '
 rm -f .git/$m
 
+test_expect_success 'update-ref does not create reflogs by default' '
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d $outside" &&
+	git update-ref $outside $A &&
+	git rev-parse $A >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $outside >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git reflog exists $outside
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref creates reflogs with --create-reflog' '
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d $outside" &&
+	git update-ref --create-reflog $outside $A &&
+	git rev-parse $A >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $outside >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git reflog exists $outside
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m (by HEAD)" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $A &&
+	 test $A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"pack refs" \
+	"git pack-refs --all"
+test_expect_success \
+	"move $m (by HEAD)" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $B $A &&
+	 test $B"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success "delete $m (by HEAD) should remove both packed and loose $m" '
+	git update-ref -d HEAD $B &&
+	! grep "$m" .git/packed-refs &&
+	! test -f .git/$m
+'
+rm -f .git/$m
+
 cp -f .git/HEAD .git/HEAD.orig
 test_expect_success "delete symref without dereference" '
 	git update-ref --no-deref -d HEAD &&
@@ -92,6 +129,32 @@ test_expect_success "delete symref without dereference when the referred ref is
 cp -f .git/HEAD.orig .git/HEAD
 git update-ref -d $m
 
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d is not confused by self-reference' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/self refs/heads/self &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/self" &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/self &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -d refs/heads/self &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/self
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete self-reference' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/self refs/heads/self &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/self" &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/self &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/self &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/self
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete reference to bad ref' '
+	>.git/refs/heads/bad &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/bad" &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/ref-to-bad refs/heads/bad &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/ref-to-bad" &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/ref-to-bad &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/ref-to-bad &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/ref-to-bad
+'
+
 test_expect_success '(not) create HEAD with old sha1' "
 	test_must_fail git update-ref HEAD $A $B
 "
@@ -111,12 +174,11 @@ test_expect_success "(not) changed .git/$m" "
 '
 rm -f .git/$m
 
-: a repository with working tree always has reflog these days...
-: >.git/logs/refs/heads/master
+rm -f .git/logs/refs/heads/master
 test_expect_success \
 	"create $m (logged by touch)" \
 	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-	 git update-ref HEAD '"$A"' -m "Initial Creation" &&
+	 git update-ref --create-reflog HEAD '"$A"' -m "Initial Creation" &&
 	 test '"$A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
 test_expect_success \
 	"update $m (logged by touch)" \
@@ -217,7 +279,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:33:01}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$B"' = $(cat o) &&
-	 test "warning: Log .git/logs/'"$m has gap after $gd"'." = "$(cat e)"'
+	 test "warning: Log for ref '"$m has gap after $gd"'." = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:38:00}" (middle of history)' \
 	'rm -f o e &&
@@ -235,7 +297,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-28}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$D"' = $(cat o) &&
-	 test "warning: Log .git/logs/'"$m unexpectedly ended on $ld"'." = "$(cat e)"'
+	 test "warning: Log for ref '"$m unexpectedly ended on $ld"'." = "$(cat e)"'
 
 
 rm -f .git/$m .git/logs/$m expect
@@ -284,4 +346,807 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'git cat-file blob master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F (expect OTHER)' \
 	'test OTHER = $(git cat-file blob "master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F")'
 
+a=refs/heads/a
+b=refs/heads/b
+c=refs/heads/c
+E='""'
+F='%s\0'
+pws='path with space'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin test setup' '
+	echo "$pws" >"$pws" &&
+	git add -- "$pws" &&
+	git commit -m "$pws"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-z fails without --stdin' '
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z $m $m $m 2>err &&
+	grep "usage: git update-ref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin works with no input' '
+	>stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q $m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on empty line' '
+	echo "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: empty command in input" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on only whitespace' '
+	echo " " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on leading whitespace' '
+	echo " create $a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  create $a $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on unknown command' '
+	echo "unknown $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: unknown $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on unbalanced quotes' '
+	echo "create $a \"master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: badly quoted argument: \\\"master" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on invalid escape' '
+	echo "create $a \"ma\zter\"" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: badly quoted argument: \\\"ma\\\\zter\\\"" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on junk after quoted argument' '
+	echo "create \"$a\"master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unexpected character after quoted argument: \\\"$a\\\"master" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with no ref' '
+	echo "create " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with no new value' '
+	echo "create $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a: missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with too many arguments' '
+	echo "create $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a: extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with no ref' '
+	echo "update " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with no new value' '
+	echo "update $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with too many arguments' '
+	echo "update $a $m $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with no ref' '
+	echo "delete " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with too many arguments' '
+	echo "delete $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a: extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails verify with too many arguments' '
+	echo "verify $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: verify $a: extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails option with unknown name' '
+	echo "option unknown" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: option unknown: unknown" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails with duplicate refs' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	create $a $m
+	create $b $m
+	create $a $m
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works' '
+	echo "create $a $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin does not create reflogs by default' '
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d $outside" &&
+	echo "create $outside $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $outside >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git reflog exists $outside
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin creates reflogs with --create-reflog' '
+	echo "create $outside $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --create-reflog --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $outside >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git reflog exists $outside
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin succeeds with quoted argument' '
+	git update-ref -d $a &&
+	echo "create $a \"$m\"" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin succeeds with escaped character' '
+	git update-ref -d $a &&
+	echo "create $a \"ma\\163ter\"" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref creates with zero old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m $Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref creates with empty old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m $E" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works with path with space to blob' '
+	echo "create refs/blobs/pws \"$m:$pws\"" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse "$m:$pws" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/blobs/pws >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/blobs/pws
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	echo "update $c $m $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: cannot lock ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref fails with bad old value' '
+	echo "update $c $m does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $c: invalid <oldvalue>: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref fails with bad new value' '
+	echo "create $c does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c: invalid <newvalue>: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref fails with zero new value' '
+	echo "create $c " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c: zero <newvalue>" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref works with right old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m~1 $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	echo "delete $a $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: cannot lock ref '"'"'$a'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref fails with zero old value' '
+	echo "delete $a " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a: zero <oldvalue>" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	option no-deref
+	update TESTSYMREF $a $b
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse TESTSYMREF >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	option no-deref
+	delete TESTSYMREF $b
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q TESTSYMREF &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref works with right old value' '
+	echo "delete $b $m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update/create/verify combination works' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m
+	create $b $m
+	verify $c
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify succeeds for correct value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	echo "verify $m $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify succeeds for missing reference' '
+	echo "verify refs/heads/missing $Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify treats no value as missing' '
+	echo "verify refs/heads/missing" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify fails for wrong value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	echo "verify $m $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify fails for mistaken null value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	echo "verify $m $Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify fails for mistaken empty value' '
+	M=$(git rev-parse $m) &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref $m $M" &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	echo "verify $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update refs works with identity updates' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m $m
+	update $b $m $m
+	update $c $Z $E
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update refs fails with wrong old value' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m $m
+	update $b $m $m
+	update $c  ''
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: cannot lock ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete refs works with packed and loose refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref $c $m~1 &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	delete $a $m
+	update $b $Z $m
+	update $c $E $m~1
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z works on empty input' '
+	>stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q $m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on empty line' '
+	echo "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command: " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on empty command' '
+	printf $F "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: empty command in input" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on only whitespace' '
+	printf $F " " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on leading whitespace' '
+	printf $F " create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  create $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on unknown command' '
+	printf $F "unknown $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: unknown $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with no ref' '
+	printf $F "create " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with no new value' '
+	printf $F "create $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a: unexpected end of input when reading <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no ref' '
+	printf $F "update " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with too few args' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z emits warning with empty new value' '
+	git update-ref $a $m &&
+	printf $F "update $a" "" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "warning: update $a: missing <newvalue>, treating as zero" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no new value' '
+	printf $F "update $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: unexpected end of input when reading <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no old value' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with no ref' '
+	printf $F "delete " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with no old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails verify with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "verify $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails verify with no old value' '
+	printf $F "verify $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: verify $a: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails option with unknown name' '
+	printf $F "option unknown" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: option unknown: unknown" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails with duplicate refs' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" "create $b" "$m" "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref creates with zero old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref creates with empty old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works with path with space to blob' '
+	printf $F "create refs/blobs/pws" "$m:$pws" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse "$m:$pws" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/blobs/pws >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/blobs/pws
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	printf $F "update $c" "$m" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: cannot lock ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref fails with bad old value' '
+	printf $F "update $c" "$m" "does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $c: invalid <oldvalue>: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails when ref exists' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	git rev-parse "$c" >expect &&
+	printf $F "create $c" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: cannot lock ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse "$c" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails with bad new value' '
+	git update-ref -d "$c" &&
+	printf $F "create $c" "does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c: invalid <newvalue>: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails with empty new value' '
+	printf $F "create $c" "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c: missing <newvalue>" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref works with right old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m~1" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: cannot lock ref '"'"'$a'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref fails with zero old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a: zero <oldvalue>" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	printf $F "option no-deref" "update TESTSYMREF" "$a" "$b" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse TESTSYMREF >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	printf $F "option no-deref" "delete TESTSYMREF" "$b" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q TESTSYMREF &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref works with right old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $b" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update/create/verify combination works' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "" "create $b" "$m" "verify $c" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify succeeds for correct value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	printf $F "verify $m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify succeeds for missing reference' '
+	printf $F "verify refs/heads/missing" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify treats no value as missing' '
+	printf $F "verify refs/heads/missing" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify fails for wrong value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	printf $F "verify $m" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify fails for mistaken null value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	printf $F "verify $m" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify fails for mistaken empty value' '
+	M=$(git rev-parse $m) &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref $m $M" &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	printf $F "verify $m" "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update refs works with identity updates' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "update $b" "$m" "$m" "update $c" "$Z" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update refs fails with wrong old value' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "update $b" "$m" "$m" "update $c" "$m" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: cannot lock ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete refs works with packed and loose refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref $c $m~1 &&
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m" "update $b" "$Z" "$m" "update $c" "" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+run_with_limited_open_files () {
+	(ulimit -n 32 && "$@")
+}
+
+test_lazy_prereq ULIMIT_FILE_DESCRIPTORS 'run_with_limited_open_files true'
+
+test_expect_success ULIMIT_FILE_DESCRIPTORS 'large transaction creating branches does not burst open file limit' '
+(
+	for i in $(test_seq 33)
+	do
+		echo "create refs/heads/$i HEAD"
+	done >large_input &&
+	run_with_limited_open_files git update-ref --stdin <large_input &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/33
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success ULIMIT_FILE_DESCRIPTORS 'large transaction deleting branches does not burst open file limit' '
+(
+	for i in $(test_seq 33)
+	do
+		echo "delete refs/heads/$i HEAD"
+	done >large_input &&
+	run_with_limited_open_files git update-ref --stdin <large_input &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/33
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'handle per-worktree refs in refs/bisect' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "initial commit" &&
+	git worktree add -b branch worktree &&
+	(
+		cd worktree &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "test commit"  &&
+		git for-each-ref >for-each-ref.out &&
+		! grep refs/bisect for-each-ref.out &&
+		git update-ref refs/bisect/something HEAD &&
+		git rev-parse refs/bisect/something >../worktree-head &&
+		git for-each-ref | grep refs/bisect/something
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/bisect &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/bisect/something &&
+	git update-ref refs/bisect/something HEAD &&
+	git rev-parse refs/bisect/something >main-head &&
+	! test_cmp main-head worktree-head
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
index 2c96551ed0..ca3fa406c3 100755
--- a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
@@ -29,8 +29,104 @@ reset_to_sane
 
 test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref refuses bare sha1' '
 	echo content >file && git add file && git commit -m one &&
-	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD `git rev-parse HEAD`
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD $(git rev-parse HEAD)
 '
 reset_to_sane
 
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref deletes HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref -d HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/HEAD
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref deletes dangling HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/missing &&
+	git symbolic-ref -d HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/missing &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/HEAD
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref fails to delete missing FOO' '
+	echo "fatal: Cannot delete FOO, not a symbolic ref" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref -d FOO >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref fails to delete real ref' '
+	echo "fatal: Cannot delete refs/heads/foo, not a symbolic ref" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref -d refs/heads/foo >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'create large ref name' '
+	# make 256+ character ref; some systems may not handle that,
+	# so be gentle
+	long=0123456789abcdef &&
+	long=$long/$long/$long/$long &&
+	long=$long/$long/$long/$long &&
+	long_ref=refs/heads/$long &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit=$(echo foo | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	if git update-ref $long_ref $commit; then
+		test_set_prereq LONG_REF
+	else
+		echo >&2 "long refs not supported"
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success LONG_REF 'symbolic-ref can point to large ref name' '
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD $long_ref &&
+	echo $long_ref >expect &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success LONG_REF 'we can parse long symbolic ref' '
+	echo $commit >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref reports failure in exit code' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/HEAD.lock" &&
+	>.git/HEAD.lock &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/whatever
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref writes reflog entry' '
+	git checkout -b log1 &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git checkout -b log2  &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	git checkout --orphan orphan &&
+	git symbolic-ref -m create HEAD refs/heads/log1 &&
+	git symbolic-ref -m update HEAD refs/heads/log2 &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	update
+	create
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%gs -g -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref does not create ref d/f conflicts' '
+	git checkout -b df &&
+	test_commit df &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/heads/df/conflict refs/heads/df &&
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/heads/df/conflict refs/heads/df
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref handles existing pointer to invalid name' '
+	head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/outer &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/outer/inner $head &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/unrelated
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
index 1ae4d87c92..0790edf60d 100755
--- a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
+++ b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
@@ -7,38 +7,40 @@ test_description='Test git check-ref-format'
 valid_ref() {
 	prereq=
 	case $1 in
-	[A-Z]*)
+	[A-Z!]*)
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
 invalid_ref() {
 	prereq=
 	case $1 in
-	[A-Z]*)
+	[A-Z!]*)
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		test_must_fail git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
 
 invalid_ref ''
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/' --allow-onelevel
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/' --normalize
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/' '--allow-onelevel --normalize'
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/'
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/' --allow-onelevel
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/' --normalize
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/' '--allow-onelevel --normalize'
 valid_ref 'foo/bar/baz'
 valid_ref 'foo/bar/baz' --normalize
 invalid_ref 'refs///heads/foo'
 valid_ref 'refs///heads/foo' --normalize
 invalid_ref 'heads/foo/'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/heads/foo'
-valid_ref NOT_MINGW '/heads/foo' --normalize
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/heads/foo'
+valid_ref !MINGW '/heads/foo' --normalize
 invalid_ref '///heads/foo'
 valid_ref '///heads/foo' --normalize
 invalid_ref './foo'
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ invalid_ref './foo/bar'
 invalid_ref 'foo/./bar'
 invalid_ref 'foo/bar/.'
 invalid_ref '.refs/foo'
+invalid_ref 'refs/heads/foo.'
 invalid_ref 'heads/foo..bar'
 invalid_ref 'heads/foo?bar'
 valid_ref 'foo./bar'
@@ -59,9 +62,11 @@ invalid_ref 'heads/foo\bar'
 invalid_ref "$(printf 'heads/foo\t')"
 invalid_ref "$(printf 'heads/foo\177')"
 valid_ref "$(printf 'heads/fu\303\237')"
-invalid_ref 'heads/*foo/bar' --refspec-pattern
-invalid_ref 'heads/foo*/bar' --refspec-pattern
-invalid_ref 'heads/f*o/bar' --refspec-pattern
+valid_ref 'heads/*foo/bar' --refspec-pattern
+valid_ref 'heads/foo*/bar' --refspec-pattern
+valid_ref 'heads/f*o/bar' --refspec-pattern
+invalid_ref 'heads/f*o*/bar' --refspec-pattern
+invalid_ref 'heads/foo*/bar*' --refspec-pattern
 
 ref='foo'
 invalid_ref "$ref"
@@ -117,14 +122,14 @@ invalid_ref "$ref" --refspec-pattern
 invalid_ref "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel'
 
 ref='/foo'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref"
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" --allow-onelevel
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" --refspec-pattern
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" --normalize
-valid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" '--allow-onelevel --normalize'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --normalize'
-valid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel --normalize'
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref"
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" --allow-onelevel
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" --refspec-pattern
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel'
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" --normalize
+valid_ref !MINGW "$ref" '--allow-onelevel --normalize'
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --normalize'
+valid_ref !MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel --normalize'
 
 test_expect_success "check-ref-format --branch @{-1}" '
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -159,7 +164,7 @@ test_expect_success 'check-ref-format --branch from subdir' '
 valid_ref_normalized() {
 	prereq=
 	case $1 in
-	[A-Z]*)
+	[A-Z!]*)
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
@@ -171,7 +176,7 @@ valid_ref_normalized() {
 invalid_ref_normalized() {
 	prereq=
 	case $1 in
-	[A-Z]*)
+	[A-Z!]*)
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
@@ -182,10 +187,10 @@ invalid_ref_normalized() {
 
 valid_ref_normalized 'heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
 valid_ref_normalized 'refs///heads/foo' 'refs/heads/foo'
-valid_ref_normalized NOT_MINGW '/heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
+valid_ref_normalized !MINGW '/heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
 valid_ref_normalized '///heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
 invalid_ref_normalized 'foo'
-invalid_ref_normalized NOT_MINGW '/foo'
+invalid_ref_normalized !MINGW '/foo'
 invalid_ref_normalized 'heads/foo/../bar'
 invalid_ref_normalized 'heads/./foo'
 invalid_ref_normalized 'heads\foo'
diff --git a/t/t1403-show-ref.sh b/t/t1403-show-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7e10bcfe39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1403-show-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='show-ref'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit A &&
+	git tag -f -a -m "annotated A" A &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	git tag -f -a -m "annotated B" B &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit C &&
+	git branch B A^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A >expect &&
+
+	git show-ref A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref -q' '
+	>expect &&
+
+	git show-ref -q A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -q tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -q refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -q D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --verify' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A >expect &&
+
+	git show-ref --verify refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --verify -q' '
+	>expect &&
+
+	git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref -d' '
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A^0) "refs/tags/A^{}"
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/C) refs/tags/C
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref -d A C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d tags/A tags/C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d refs/tags/A refs/tags/C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master) refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git show-ref -d master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d --verify refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -d --verify master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -d --verify heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --heads, --tags, --head, pattern' '
+	for branch in B master side
+	do
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/$branch) refs/heads/$branch
+	done >expect.heads &&
+	git show-ref --heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.heads actual &&
+
+	for tag in A B C
+	do
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/$tag) refs/tags/$tag
+	done >expect.tags &&
+	git show-ref --tags >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.tags actual &&
+
+	cat expect.heads expect.tags >expect &&
+	git show-ref --heads --tags >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		cat expect.heads expect.tags
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --heads --tags --head >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/B) refs/heads/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B) refs/tags/B
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --head B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/B) refs/heads/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B) refs/tags/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B^0) "refs/tags/B^{}"
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --head -d B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1404-update-ref-df-conflicts.sh b/t/t1404-update-ref-df-conflicts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..66bafb5cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1404-update-ref-df-conflicts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test git update-ref with D/F conflicts'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_update_rejected () {
+	prefix="$1" &&
+	before="$2" &&
+	pack="$3" &&
+	create="$4" &&
+	error="$5" &&
+	printf "create $prefix/%s $C\n" $before |
+	git update-ref --stdin &&
+	git for-each-ref $prefix >unchanged &&
+	if $pack
+	then
+		git pack-refs --all
+	fi &&
+	printf "create $prefix/%s $C\n" $create >input &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <input 2>output.err &&
+	grep -F "$error" output.err &&
+	git for-each-ref $prefix >actual &&
+	test_cmp unchanged actual
+}
+
+Q="'"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	git commit --allow-empty -m Initial &&
+	C=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'existing loose ref is a simple prefix of new' '
+
+	prefix=refs/1l &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a c e" false "b c/x d" \
+		"$Q$prefix/c$Q exists; cannot create $Q$prefix/c/x$Q"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'existing packed ref is a simple prefix of new' '
+
+	prefix=refs/1p &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a c e" true "b c/x d" \
+		"$Q$prefix/c$Q exists; cannot create $Q$prefix/c/x$Q"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'existing loose ref is a deeper prefix of new' '
+
+	prefix=refs/2l &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a c e" false "b c/x/y d" \
+		"$Q$prefix/c$Q exists; cannot create $Q$prefix/c/x/y$Q"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'existing packed ref is a deeper prefix of new' '
+
+	prefix=refs/2p &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a c e" true "b c/x/y d" \
+		"$Q$prefix/c$Q exists; cannot create $Q$prefix/c/x/y$Q"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new ref is a simple prefix of existing loose' '
+
+	prefix=refs/3l &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a c/x e" false "b c d" \
+		"$Q$prefix/c/x$Q exists; cannot create $Q$prefix/c$Q"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new ref is a simple prefix of existing packed' '
+
+	prefix=refs/3p &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a c/x e" true "b c d" \
+		"$Q$prefix/c/x$Q exists; cannot create $Q$prefix/c$Q"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new ref is a deeper prefix of existing loose' '
+
+	prefix=refs/4l &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a c/x/y e" false "b c d" \
+		"$Q$prefix/c/x/y$Q exists; cannot create $Q$prefix/c$Q"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new ref is a deeper prefix of existing packed' '
+
+	prefix=refs/4p &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a c/x/y e" true "b c d" \
+		"$Q$prefix/c/x/y$Q exists; cannot create $Q$prefix/c$Q"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'one new ref is a simple prefix of another' '
+
+	prefix=refs/5 &&
+	test_update_rejected $prefix "a e" false "b c c/x d" \
+		"cannot process $Q$prefix/c$Q and $Q$prefix/c/x$Q at the same time"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1410-reflog.sh b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
index 252fc82837..dd2be049ec 100755
--- a/t/t1410-reflog.sh
+++ b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
@@ -62,18 +62,18 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git add . &&
 
 	test_tick && git commit -m rabbit &&
-	H=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
-	A=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A` &&
-	B=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/B` &&
-	C=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:C` &&
-	D=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/D` &&
-	E=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/B/E` &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	A=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A) &&
+	B=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/B) &&
+	C=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:C) &&
+	D=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/D) &&
+	E=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/B/E) &&
 	check_fsck &&
 
 	test_chmod +x C &&
 	git add C &&
 	test_tick && git commit -m dragon &&
-	L=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	L=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	check_fsck &&
 
 	rm -f C A/B/E &&
@@ -81,15 +81,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo horse >A/G &&
 	git add F A/G &&
 	test_tick && git commit -a -m sheep &&
-	F=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:F` &&
-	G=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/G` &&
-	I=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A` &&
-	J=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	F=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:F) &&
+	G=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/G) &&
+	I=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A) &&
+	J=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	check_fsck &&
 
 	rm -f A/G &&
 	test_tick && git commit -a -m monkey &&
-	K=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	K=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	check_fsck &&
 
 	check_have A B C D E F G H I J K L &&
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	check_fsck &&
 
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4
+	git reflog refs/heads/master >output &&
+	test_line_count = 4 output
 '
 
 test_expect_success rewind '
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ test_expect_success rewind '
 
 	check_have A B C D E F G H I J K L &&
 
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 5
+	git reflog refs/heads/master >output &&
+	test_line_count = 5 output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'corrupt and check' '
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog expire --dry-run should not touch reflog' '
 		--stale-fix \
 		--all &&
 
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 5 &&
+	git reflog refs/heads/master >output &&
+	test_line_count = 5 output &&
 
 	check_fsck "missing blob $F"
 '
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog expire' '
 		--stale-fix \
 		--all &&
 
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 2 &&
+	git reflog refs/heads/master >output &&
+	test_line_count = 2 output &&
 
 	check_fsck "dangling commit $K"
 '
@@ -217,9 +217,8 @@ test_expect_success 'delete' '
 test_expect_success 'rewind2' '
 
 	test_tick && git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4
-
+	git reflog refs/heads/master >output &&
+	test_line_count = 4 output
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--expire=never' '
@@ -228,9 +227,8 @@ test_expect_success '--expire=never' '
 		--expire=never \
 		--expire-unreachable=never \
 		--all &&
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4
-
+	git reflog refs/heads/master >output &&
+	test_line_count = 4 output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gc.reflogexpire=never' '
@@ -238,8 +236,8 @@ test_expect_success 'gc.reflogexpire=never' '
 	git config gc.reflogexpire never &&
 	git config gc.reflogexpireunreachable never &&
 	git reflog expire --verbose --all &&
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4
+	git reflog refs/heads/master >output &&
+	test_line_count = 4 output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gc.reflogexpire=false' '
@@ -247,12 +245,129 @@ test_expect_success 'gc.reflogexpire=false' '
 	git config gc.reflogexpire false &&
 	git config gc.reflogexpireunreachable false &&
 	git reflog expire --verbose --all &&
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4 &&
+	git reflog refs/heads/master >output &&
+	test_line_count = 4 output &&
 
 	git config --unset gc.reflogexpire &&
 	git config --unset gc.reflogexpireunreachable
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout should not delete log for packed ref' '
+	test $(git reflog master | wc -l) = 4 &&
+	git branch foo &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git checkout foo &&
+	test $(git reflog master | wc -l) = 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stale dirs do not cause d/f conflicts (reflogs on)' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -d one || git branch -d one/two" &&
+
+	git branch one/two master &&
+	echo "one/two@{0} branch: Created from master" >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one/two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git branch -d one/two &&
+
+	# now logs/refs/heads/one is a stale directory, but
+	# we should move it out of the way to create "one" reflog
+	git branch one master &&
+	echo "one@{0} branch: Created from master" >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stale dirs do not cause d/f conflicts (reflogs off)' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -d one || git branch -d one/two" &&
+
+	git branch one/two master &&
+	echo "one/two@{0} branch: Created from master" >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one/two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git branch -d one/two &&
+
+	# same as before, but we only create a reflog for "one" if
+	# it already exists, which it does not
+	git -c core.logallrefupdates=false branch one master &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# Triggering the bug detected by this test requires a newline to fall
+# exactly BUFSIZ-1 bytes from the end of the file. We don't know
+# what that value is, since it's platform dependent. However, if
+# we choose some value N, we also catch any D which divides N evenly
+# (since we will read backwards in chunks of D). So we choose 8K,
+# which catches glibc (with an 8K BUFSIZ) and *BSD (1K).
+#
+# Each line is 114 characters, so we need 75 to still have a few before the
+# last 8K. The 89-character padding on the final entry lines up our
+# newline exactly.
+test_expect_success 'parsing reverse reflogs at BUFSIZ boundaries' '
+	git checkout -b reflogskip &&
+	z38=00000000000000000000000000000000000000 &&
+	ident="abc <xyz> 0000000001 +0000" &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 75); do
+		printf "$z38%02d $z38%02d %s\t" $i $(($i+1)) "$ident" &&
+		if test $i = 75; then
+			for j in $(test_seq 1 89); do
+				printf X
+			done
+		else
+			printf X
+		fi &&
+		printf "\n"
+	done >.git/logs/refs/heads/reflogskip &&
+	git rev-parse reflogskip@{73} >actual &&
+	echo ${z38}03 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no segfaults for reflog containing non-commit sha1s' '
+	git update-ref --create-reflog -m "Creating ref" \
+		refs/tests/tree-in-reflog HEAD &&
+	git update-ref -m "Forcing tree" refs/tests/tree-in-reflog HEAD^{tree} &&
+	git update-ref -m "Restoring to commit" refs/tests/tree-in-reflog HEAD &&
+	git reflog refs/tests/tree-in-reflog
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'reflog with non-commit entries displays all entries' '
+	git reflog refs/tests/tree-in-reflog >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reflog expire operates on symref not referrent' '
+	git branch -l the_symref &&
+	git branch -l referrent &&
+	git update-ref referrent HEAD &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/the_symref refs/heads/referrent &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/referrent.lock" &&
+	touch .git/refs/heads/referrent.lock &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all the_symref
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'continue walking past root commits' '
+	git init orphanage &&
+	(
+		cd orphanage &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		HEAD@{0} commit (initial): orphan2-1
+		HEAD@{1} commit: orphan1-2
+		HEAD@{2} commit (initial): orphan1-1
+		HEAD@{3} commit (initial): initial
+		EOF
+		test_commit initial &&
+		git reflog &&
+		git checkout --orphan orphan1 &&
+		test_commit orphan1-1 &&
+		test_commit orphan1-2 &&
+		git checkout --orphan orphan2 &&
+		test_commit orphan2-1 &&
+		git log -g --format="%gd %gs" >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
index caa687b5b4..6ac7734d79 100755
--- a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
+++ b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
@@ -65,30 +65,110 @@ test_expect_success 'using @{now} syntax shows reflog date (oneline)' '
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-Reflog: HEAD@{1112911993 -0700} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+HEAD@{Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700}
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'using @{now} syntax shows reflog date (format=%gd)' '
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd HEAD@{now} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+Reflog: HEAD@{Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
 Reflog message: commit (initial): one
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'using --date= shows reflog date (multiline)' '
-	git log -g -1 --date=raw >tmp &&
+	git log -g -1 --date=default >tmp &&
 	grep ^Reflog <tmp >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-e46513e HEAD@{1112911993 -0700}: commit (initial): one
+e46513e HEAD@{Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700}: commit (initial): one
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'using --date= shows reflog date (oneline)' '
-	git log -g -1 --oneline --date=raw >actual &&
+	git log -g -1 --oneline --date=default >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+HEAD@{1112911993 -0700}
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'using --date= shows reflog date (format=%gd)' '
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd --date=raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+Reflog: HEAD@{0} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+Reflog message: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log.date does not invoke "--date" magic (multiline)' '
+	test_config log.date raw &&
+	git log -g -1 >tmp &&
+	grep ^Reflog <tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+e46513e HEAD@{0}: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log.date does not invoke "--date" magic (oneline)' '
+	test_config log.date raw &&
+	git log -g -1 --oneline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+HEAD@{0}
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log.date does not invoke "--date" magic (format=%gd)' '
+	test_config log.date raw &&
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+HEAD@{0}
+EOF
+test_expect_success '--date magic does not override explicit @{0} syntax' '
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd --date=raw HEAD@{0} >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 : >expect
 test_expect_success 'empty reflog file' '
 	git branch empty &&
-	: >.git/logs/refs/heads/empty &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all refs/heads/empty &&
 
 	git log -g empty >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# This guards against the alternative of showing the diffs vs. the
+# reflog ancestor.  The reflog used is designed to list the commits
+# more than once, so as to exercise the corresponding logic.
+test_expect_success 'git log -g -p shows diffs vs. parents' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	git branch flipflop &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flip1 HEAD^ &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flop1 HEAD &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flip2 HEAD^ &&
+	git log -g -p flipflop >reflog &&
+	grep -v ^Reflog reflog >actual &&
+	git log -1 -p HEAD^ >log.one &&
+	git log -1 -p HEAD >log.two &&
+	(
+		cat log.one; echo
+		cat log.two; echo
+		cat log.one; echo
+		cat log.two
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reflog exists works' '
+	git reflog exists refs/heads/master &&
+	! git reflog exists refs/heads/nonexistent
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1413-reflog-detach.sh b/t/t1413-reflog-detach.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c730600d8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1413-reflog-detach.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test reflog interaction with detached HEAD'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+reset_state () {
+	git checkout master &&
+	cp saved_reflog .git/logs/HEAD
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m second &&
+	cat .git/logs/HEAD >saved_reflog
+'
+
+test_expect_success baseline '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse master master^ >expect &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to branch' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse side master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detach to other' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse master side master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detach to self' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse master master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attach to self' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse master master master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attach to other' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse side master master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1430-bad-ref-name.sh b/t/t1430-bad-ref-name.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..25ddab4e98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1430-bad-ref-name.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test handling of ref names that check-ref-format rejects'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import: fail on invalid branch name ".badbranchname"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*" &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+		commit .badbranchname
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		corrupt
+		COMMIT
+
+		from refs/heads/master
+
+	INPUT_END
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import: fail on invalid branch name "bad[branch]name"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*" &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+		commit bad[branch]name
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		corrupt
+		COMMIT
+
+		from refs/heads/master
+
+	INPUT_END
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows badly named ref as warning' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	test_i18ngrep -e "ignoring ref with broken name refs/heads/broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d can delete badly named ref' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch -d broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -D can delete badly named ref' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch -D broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -D cannot delete non-ref in .git dir' '
+	echo precious >.git/my-private-file &&
+	echo precious >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -D ../../my-private-file &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/my-private-file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -D cannot delete ref in .git dir' '
+	git rev-parse HEAD >.git/my-private-file &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git branch foo/legit &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -D foo////./././../../../my-private-file &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/my-private-file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -D cannot delete absolute path' '
+	git branch -f extra &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -D "$(pwd)/.git/refs/heads/extra" &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD extra
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch cannot create a badly named ref' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	test_must_fail git branch broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -m cannot rename to a bad ref name' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D goodref &&
+	git branch goodref &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m goodref broken...ref &&
+	test_cmp_rev master goodref &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'branch -m can rename from a bad ref name' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch -m broken...ref renamed &&
+	test_cmp_rev master renamed &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push cannot create a badly named ref' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	test_must_fail git push "file://$(pwd)" HEAD:refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'push --mirror can delete badly named ref' '
+	top=$(pwd) &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init dest &&
+
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dest &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git checkout --detach &&
+		cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref
+	) &&
+	git -C src push --mirror "file://$top/dest" &&
+	git -C dest branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse skips symref pointing to broken name' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch shadow one &&
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/broken...ref\n" >.git/refs/tags/shadow &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/tags/shadow" &&
+	git rev-parse --verify one >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --verify shadow >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "ignoring dangling symref refs/tags/shadow" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'for-each-ref emits warnings for broken names' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/broken...ref\n" >.git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/badname" &&
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/master\n" >.git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...symref" &&
+	git for-each-ref >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output &&
+	! grep -e "badname" output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.symref" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "ignoring ref with broken name refs/heads/broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	test_i18ngrep "ignoring broken ref refs/heads/badname" error &&
+	test_i18ngrep "ignoring ref with broken name refs/heads/broken\.\.\.symref" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d can delete broken name' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/heads/broken...ref >output 2>error &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d can delete broken name' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch -d broken...ref >output 2>error &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Deleted branch broken...ref (was broken)" output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
+	git branch >output 2>error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" error &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete symref to broken name' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/broken...ref\n" >.git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/badname" &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/badname >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d can delete symref to broken name' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/broken...ref\n" >.git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/badname" &&
+	git branch -d badname >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Deleted branch badname (was refs/heads/broken\.\.\.ref)" output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete dangling symref to broken name' '
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/broken...ref\n" >.git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/badname" &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/badname >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d can delete dangling symref to broken name' '
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/broken...ref\n" >.git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/badname" &&
+	git branch -d badname >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Deleted branch badname (was refs/heads/broken\.\.\.ref)" output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d can delete broken name through symref' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/broken...ref\n" >.git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/badname" &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/heads/badname >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete symref with broken name' '
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/master\n" >.git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...symref" &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/broken...symref >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d can delete symref with broken name' '
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/master\n" >.git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...symref" &&
+	git branch -d broken...symref >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Deleted branch broken...symref (was refs/heads/master)" output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete dangling symref with broken name' '
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/idonotexist\n" >.git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...symref" &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/broken...symref >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d can delete dangling symref with broken name' '
+	printf "ref: refs/heads/idonotexist\n" >.git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...symref" &&
+	git branch -d broken...symref >output 2>error &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/broken...symref &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Deleted branch broken...symref (was refs/heads/idonotexist)" output &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d cannot delete non-ref in .git dir' '
+	echo precious >.git/my-private-file &&
+	echo precious >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -d my-private-file >output 2>error &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_i18ngrep -e "cannot lock .*: unable to resolve reference" error &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/my-private-file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d cannot delete absolute path' '
+	git branch -f extra &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -d "$(pwd)/.git/refs/heads/extra" &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD extra
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin fails create with bad ref name' '
+	echo "create ~a refs/heads/master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin fails update with bad ref name' '
+	echo "update ~a refs/heads/master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin fails delete with bad ref name' '
+	echo "delete ~a refs/heads/master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin -z fails create with bad ref name' '
+	printf "%s\0" "create ~a " refs/heads/master >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin -z fails update with bad ref name' '
+	printf "%s\0" "update ~a" refs/heads/master "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin -z fails delete with bad ref name' '
+	printf "%s\0" "delete ~a" refs/heads/master >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
index 523ce9c45b..7ee8ea004f 100755
--- a/t/t1450-fsck.sh
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -27,12 +27,8 @@ test_expect_success 'loose objects borrowed from alternate are not missing' '
 		git init &&
 		echo ../../../.git/objects >.git/objects/info/alternates &&
 		test_commit C fileC one &&
-		git fsck >../out 2>&1
+		git fsck --no-dangling >../actual 2>&1
 	) &&
-	{
-		grep -v dangling out >actual ||
-		:
-	} &&
 	test_cmp empty actual
 '
 
@@ -73,7 +69,7 @@ test_expect_success 'object with bad sha1' '
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus $cmt &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
 
-	test_might_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "$sha.*corrupt" out
 '
@@ -81,11 +77,31 @@ test_expect_success 'object with bad sha1' '
 test_expect_success 'branch pointing to non-commit' '
 	git rev-parse HEAD^{tree} >.git/refs/heads/invalid &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "not a commit" out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'HEAD link pointing at a funny object' '
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/SAVED_HEAD .git/HEAD" &&
+	mv .git/HEAD .git/SAVED_HEAD &&
+	echo 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 >.git/HEAD &&
+	# avoid corrupt/broken HEAD from interfering with repo discovery
+	test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=.git git fsck 2>out &&
+	cat out &&
+	grep "detached HEAD points" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'HEAD link pointing at a funny place' '
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/SAVED_HEAD .git/HEAD" &&
+	mv .git/HEAD .git/SAVED_HEAD &&
+	echo "ref: refs/funny/place" >.git/HEAD &&
+	# avoid corrupt/broken HEAD from interfering with repo discovery
+	test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=.git git fsck 2>out &&
+	cat out &&
+	grep "HEAD points to something strange" out
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'email without @ is okay' '
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >basis &&
 	sed "s/@/AT/" basis >okay &&
@@ -105,7 +121,7 @@ test_expect_success 'email with embedded > is not okay' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "error in commit $new" out
 '
@@ -117,7 +133,7 @@ test_expect_success 'missing < email delimiter is reported nicely' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "error in commit $new.* - bad name" out
 '
@@ -129,7 +145,7 @@ test_expect_success 'missing email is reported nicely' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "error in commit $new.* - missing email" out
 '
@@ -141,11 +157,57 @@ test_expect_success '> in name is reported' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "error in commit $new" out
 '
 
+# date is 2^64 + 1
+test_expect_success 'integer overflow in timestamps is reported' '
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >basis &&
+	sed "s/^\\(author .*>\\) [0-9]*/\\1 18446744073709551617/" \
+		<basis >bad-timestamp &&
+	new=$(git hash-object -t commit -w --stdin <bad-timestamp) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	cat out &&
+	grep "error in commit $new.*integer overflow" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit with NUL in header' '
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >basis &&
+	sed "s/author ./author Q/" <basis | q_to_nul >commit-NUL-header &&
+	new=$(git hash-object -t commit -w --stdin <commit-NUL-header) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	cat out &&
+	grep "error in commit $new.*unterminated header: NUL at offset" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'malformatted tree object' '
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object \$T" &&
+	T=$(
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=test-index &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		rm -f test-index &&
+		>x &&
+		git add x &&
+		T=$(git write-tree) &&
+		(
+			git cat-file tree $T &&
+			git cat-file tree $T
+		) |
+		git hash-object -w -t tree --stdin
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	grep "error in tree .*contains duplicate file entries" out
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'tag pointing to nonexistent' '
 	cat >invalid-tag <<-\EOF &&
 	object ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
@@ -181,9 +243,69 @@ test_expect_success 'tag pointing to something else than its type' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $tag" &&
 	echo $tag >.git/refs/tags/wrong &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck --tags
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tag with incorrect tag name & missing tagger' '
+	sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	cat >wrong-tag <<-EOF &&
+	object $sha
+	type commit
+	tag wrong name format
+
+	This is an invalid tag.
+	EOF
+
+	tag=$(git hash-object -t tag -w --stdin <wrong-tag) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $tag" &&
+	echo $tag >.git/refs/tags/wrong &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
+	git fsck --tags 2>out &&
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	warning in tag $tag: badTagName: invalid '\''tag'\'' name: wrong name format
+	warning in tag $tag: missingTaggerEntry: invalid format - expected '\''tagger'\'' line
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tag with bad tagger' '
+	sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	cat >wrong-tag <<-EOF &&
+	object $sha
+	type commit
+	tag not-quite-wrong
+	tagger Bad Tagger Name
+
+	This is an invalid tag.
+	EOF
+
+	tag=$(git hash-object --literally -t tag -w --stdin <wrong-tag) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $tag" &&
+	echo $tag >.git/refs/tags/wrong &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck --tags 2>out &&
+	grep "error in tag .*: invalid author/committer" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tag with NUL in header' '
+	sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	q_to_nul >tag-NUL-header <<-EOF &&
+	object $sha
+	type commit
+	tag contains-Q-in-header
+	tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1234567890 -0000
+
+	This is an invalid tag.
+	EOF
+
+	tag=$(git hash-object --literally -t tag -w --stdin <tag-NUL-header) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $tag" &&
+	echo $tag >.git/refs/tags/wrong &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
 	test_must_fail git fsck --tags 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
-	grep "error in tag.*broken links" out
+	grep "error in tag $tag.*unterminated header: NUL at offset" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cleaned up' '
@@ -191,4 +313,214 @@ test_expect_success 'cleaned up' '
 	test_cmp empty actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --verify-objects' '
+	git rev-list --verify-objects --all >/dev/null 2>out &&
+	test_cmp empty out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --verify-objects with bad sha1' '
+	sha=$(echo blob | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	old=$(echo $sha | sed "s+^..+&/+") &&
+	new=$(dirname $old)/ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff &&
+	sha="$(dirname $new)$(basename $new)" &&
+	mv .git/objects/$old .git/objects/$new &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $sha" &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $sha foo &&
+	test_when_finished "git read-tree -u --reset HEAD" &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $tree" &&
+	cmt=$(echo bogus | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $cmt" &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus $cmt &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
+
+	test_might_fail git rev-list --verify-objects refs/heads/bogus >/dev/null 2>out &&
+	cat out &&
+	grep -q "error: sha1 mismatch 63ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'force fsck to ignore double author' '
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >basis &&
+	sed "s/^author .*/&,&/" <basis | tr , \\n >multiple-authors &&
+	new=$(git hash-object -t commit -w --stdin <multiple-authors) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck &&
+	git -c fsck.multipleAuthors=ignore fsck
+'
+
+_bz='\0'
+_bz5="$_bz$_bz$_bz$_bz$_bz"
+_bz20="$_bz5$_bz5$_bz5$_bz5"
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices blob entry pointing to null sha1' '
+	(git init null-blob &&
+	 cd null-blob &&
+	 sha=$(printf "100644 file$_bz$_bz20" |
+	       git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree) &&
+	  git fsck 2>out &&
+	  cat out &&
+	  grep "warning.*null sha1" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices submodule entry pointing to null sha1' '
+	(git init null-commit &&
+	 cd null-commit &&
+	 sha=$(printf "160000 submodule$_bz$_bz20" |
+	       git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree) &&
+	  git fsck 2>out &&
+	  cat out &&
+	  grep "warning.*null sha1" out
+	)
+'
+
+while read name path pretty; do
+	while read mode type; do
+		: ${pretty:=$path}
+		test_expect_success "fsck notices $pretty as $type" '
+		(
+			git init $name-$type &&
+			cd $name-$type &&
+			echo content >file &&
+			git add file &&
+			git commit -m base &&
+			blob=$(git rev-parse :file) &&
+			tree=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{tree}) &&
+			value=$(eval "echo \$$type") &&
+			printf "$mode $type %s\t%s" "$value" "$path" >bad &&
+			bad_tree=$(git mktree <bad) &&
+			git fsck 2>out &&
+			cat out &&
+			grep "warning.*tree $bad_tree" out
+		)'
+	done <<-\EOF
+	100644 blob
+	040000 tree
+	EOF
+done <<-EOF
+dot .
+dotdot ..
+dotgit .git
+dotgit-case .GIT
+dotgit-unicode .gI${u200c}T .gI{u200c}T
+dotgit-case2 .Git
+git-tilde1 git~1
+dotgitdot .git.
+dot-backslash-case .\\\\.GIT\\\\foobar
+dotgit-case-backslash .git\\\\foobar
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck allows .Ňit' '
+	(
+		git init not-dotgit &&
+		cd not-dotgit &&
+		echo content >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		git commit -m base &&
+		blob=$(git rev-parse :file) &&
+		printf "100644 blob $blob\t.\\305\\207it" >tree &&
+		tree=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+		git fsck 2>err &&
+		test_line_count = 0 err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'NUL in commit' '
+	rm -fr nul-in-commit &&
+	git init nul-in-commit &&
+	(
+		cd nul-in-commit &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "initial commitQNUL after message" &&
+		git cat-file commit HEAD >original &&
+		q_to_nul <original >munged &&
+		git hash-object -w -t commit --stdin <munged >name &&
+		git branch bad $(cat name) &&
+
+		test_must_fail git -c fsck.nulInCommit=error fsck 2>warn.1 &&
+		grep nulInCommit warn.1 &&
+		git fsck 2>warn.2 &&
+		grep nulInCommit warn.2
+	)
+'
+
+# create a static test repo which is broken by omitting
+# one particular object ($1, which is looked up via rev-parse
+# in the new repository).
+create_repo_missing () {
+	rm -rf missing &&
+	git init missing &&
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		git commit -m one --allow-empty &&
+		mkdir subdir &&
+		echo content >subdir/file &&
+		git add subdir/file &&
+		git commit -m two &&
+		unrelated=$(echo unrelated | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+		git tag -m foo tag $unrelated &&
+		sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
+		path=$(echo $sha1 | sed 's|..|&/|') &&
+		rm .git/objects/$path
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing blob' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD:subdir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing subtree' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD:subdir &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing root tree' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD^{tree} &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing parent' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD^ &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing tagged object' '
+	create_repo_missing tag^{blob} &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices ref pointing to missing commit' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices ref pointing to missing tag' '
+	create_repo_missing tag &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck --connectivity-only' '
+	rm -rf connectivity-only &&
+	git init connectivity-only &&
+	(
+		cd connectivity-only &&
+		touch empty &&
+		git add empty &&
+		test_commit empty &&
+		empty=.git/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 &&
+		rm -f $empty &&
+		echo invalid >$empty &&
+		test_must_fail git fsck --strict &&
+		git fsck --strict --connectivity-only &&
+		tree=$(git rev-parse HEAD:) &&
+		suffix=${tree#??} &&
+		tree=.git/objects/${tree%$suffix}/$suffix &&
+		rm -f $tree &&
+		echo invalid >$tree &&
+		test_must_fail git fsck --strict --connectivity-only
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh b/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh
index 48ee07779d..038e24c401 100755
--- a/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh
+++ b/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh
@@ -3,85 +3,88 @@
 test_description='test git rev-parse'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_rev_parse() {
-	name=$1
-	shift
-
-	test_expect_success "$name: is-bare-repository" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository)\""
-	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
-
-	test_expect_success "$name: is-inside-git-dir" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir)\""
-	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+# usage: [options] label is-bare is-inside-git is-inside-work prefix git-dir
+test_rev_parse () {
+	d=
+	bare=
+	gitdir=
+	while :
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-C) d="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-b) case "$2" in
+		    [tfu]*) bare="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		    *) error "test_rev_parse: bogus core.bare value '$2'" ;;
+		    esac ;;
+		-g) gitdir="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-*) error "test_rev_parse: unrecognized option '$1'" ;;
+		*) break ;;
+		esac
+	done
 
-	test_expect_success "$name: is-inside-work-tree" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree)\""
-	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
-
-	test_expect_success "$name: prefix" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)\""
+	name=$1
 	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
 
-	test_expect_success "$name: git-dir" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --git-dir)\""
-	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+	for o in --is-bare-repository \
+		 --is-inside-git-dir \
+		 --is-inside-work-tree \
+		 --show-prefix \
+		 --git-dir
+	do
+		test $# -eq 0 && break
+		expect="$1"
+		test_expect_success "$name: $o" '
+			if test -n "$gitdir"
+			then
+				test_when_finished "unset GIT_DIR" &&
+				GIT_DIR="$gitdir" &&
+				export GIT_DIR
+			fi &&
+
+			case "$bare" in
+			t*) test_config ${d:+-C} ${d:+"$d"} core.bare true ;;
+			f*) test_config ${d:+-C} ${d:+"$d"} core.bare false ;;
+			u*) test_unconfig ${d:+-C} ${d:+"$d"} core.bare ;;
+			esac &&
+
+			echo "$expect" >expect &&
+			git ${d:+-C} ${d:+"$d"} rev-parse $o >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual
+		'
+		shift
+	done
 }
 
-# label is-bare is-inside-git is-inside-work prefix git-dir
-
 ROOT=$(pwd)
 
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir -p sub/dir work &&
+	cp -R .git repo.git
+'
+
 test_rev_parse toplevel false false true '' .git
 
-cd .git || exit 1
-test_rev_parse .git/ false true false '' .
-cd objects || exit 1
-test_rev_parse .git/objects/ false true false '' "$ROOT/.git"
-cd ../.. || exit 1
+test_rev_parse -C .git .git/ false true false '' .
+test_rev_parse -C .git/objects .git/objects/ false true false '' "$ROOT/.git"
 
-mkdir -p sub/dir || exit 1
-cd sub/dir || exit 1
-test_rev_parse subdirectory false false true sub/dir/ "$ROOT/.git"
-cd ../.. || exit 1
+test_rev_parse -C sub/dir subdirectory false false true sub/dir/ "$ROOT/.git"
 
-git config core.bare true
-test_rev_parse 'core.bare = true' true false false
+test_rev_parse -b t 'core.bare = true' true false false
 
-git config --unset core.bare
-test_rev_parse 'core.bare undefined' false false true
+test_rev_parse -b u 'core.bare undefined' false false true
 
-mkdir work || exit 1
-cd work || exit 1
-GIT_DIR=../.git
-GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/../.git/config
-export GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
 
-git config core.bare false
-test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare = false' false false true ''
+test_rev_parse -C work -g ../.git -b f 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare = false' false false true ''
 
-git config core.bare true
-test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare = true' true false false ''
+test_rev_parse -C work -g ../.git -b t 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare = true' true false false ''
 
-git config --unset core.bare
-test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare undefined' false false true ''
+test_rev_parse -C work -g ../.git -b u 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare undefined' false false true ''
 
-mv ../.git ../repo.git || exit 1
-GIT_DIR=../repo.git
-GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/../repo.git/config
 
-git config core.bare false
-test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare = false' false false true ''
+test_rev_parse -C work -g ../repo.git -b f 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare = false' false false true ''
 
-git config core.bare true
-test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare = true' true false false ''
+test_rev_parse -C work -g ../repo.git -b t 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare = true' true false false ''
 
-git config --unset core.bare
-test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare undefined' false false true ''
+test_rev_parse -C work -g ../repo.git -b u 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare undefined' false false true ''
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1501-worktree.sh b/t/t1501-work-tree.sh
index e661147c57..cc5b870e58 100755
--- a/t/t1501-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t1501-work-tree.sh
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_success 'inside work tree' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'empty prefix is actually written out' '
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix is actually written out' '
 	echo >expected &&
 	(
 		cd work &&
@@ -346,4 +346,81 @@ test_expect_success 'relative $GIT_WORK_TREE and git subprocesses' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'Multi-worktree setup' '
+	mkdir work &&
+	mkdir -p repo.git/repos/foo &&
+	cp repo.git/HEAD repo.git/index repo.git/repos/foo &&
+	test_might_fail cp repo.git/sharedindex.* repo.git/repos/foo &&
+	sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG GIT_WORK_TREE
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR set (1)' '
+	echo "gitdir: repo.git/repos/foo" >gitfile &&
+	echo ../.. >repo.git/repos/foo/commondir &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		GIT_DIR=../gitfile git rev-parse --git-common-dir >actual &&
+		test-path-utils real_path "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/repo.git" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR set (2)' '
+	echo "gitdir: repo.git/repos/foo" >gitfile &&
+	echo "$(pwd)/repo.git" >repo.git/repos/foo/commondir &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		GIT_DIR=../gitfile git rev-parse --git-common-dir >actual &&
+		test-path-utils real_path "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/repo.git" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Auto discovery' '
+	echo "gitdir: repo.git/repos/foo" >.git &&
+	echo ../.. >repo.git/repos/foo/commondir &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git rev-parse --git-common-dir >actual &&
+		test-path-utils real_path "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/repo.git" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo haha >data1 &&
+		git add data1 &&
+		git ls-files --full-name :/ | grep data1 >actual &&
+		echo work/data1 >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '$GIT_DIR/common overrides core.worktree' '
+	mkdir elsewhere &&
+	git --git-dir=repo.git config core.worktree "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/elsewhere" &&
+	echo "gitdir: repo.git/repos/foo" >.git &&
+	echo ../.. >repo.git/repos/foo/commondir &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git rev-parse --git-common-dir >actual &&
+		test-path-utils real_path "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/repo.git" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo haha >data2 &&
+		git add data2 &&
+		git ls-files --full-name :/ | grep data2 >actual &&
+		echo work/data2 >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '$GIT_WORK_TREE overrides $GIT_DIR/common' '
+	echo "gitdir: repo.git/repos/foo" >.git &&
+	echo ../.. >repo.git/repos/foo/commondir &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		echo haha >data3 &&
+		git --git-dir=../.git --work-tree=. add data3 &&
+		git ls-files --full-name -- :/ | grep data3 >actual &&
+		echo data3 >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
index 1efd7f76dd..310f93fd30 100755
--- a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
+++ b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
@@ -3,64 +3,97 @@
 test_description='test git rev-parse --parseopt'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-cat > expect <<\END_EXPECT
-cat <<\EOF
-usage: some-command [options] <args>...
-
-    some-command does foo and bar!
-
-    -h, --help            show the help
-    --foo                 some nifty option --foo
-    --bar ...             some cool option --bar with an argument
-
-An option group Header
-    -C[...]               option C with an optional argument
-
-Extras
-    --extra1              line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
-
-EOF
-END_EXPECT
-
-cat > optionspec << EOF
-some-command [options] <args>...
-
-some-command does foo and bar!
---
-h,help    show the help
-
-foo       some nifty option --foo
-bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
-
- An option group Header
-C?        option C with an optional argument
-
-Extras
-extra1    line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
+test_expect_success 'setup optionspec' '
+	sed -e "s/^|//" >optionspec <<\EOF
+|some-command [options] <args>...
+|
+|some-command does foo and bar!
+|--
+|h,help    show the help
+|
+|foo       some nifty option --foo
+|bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
+|b,baz     a short and long option
+|
+| An option group Header
+|C?        option C with an optional argument
+|d,data?   short and long option with an optional argument
+|
+| Argument hints
+|B=arg     short option required argument
+|bar2=arg  long option required argument
+|e,fuz=with-space  short and long option required argument
+|s?some    short option optional argument
+|long?data long option optional argument
+|g,fluf?path     short and long option optional argument
+|longest=very-long-argument-hint  a very long argument hint
+|pair=key=value  with an equals sign in the hint
+|short-hint=a    with a one symbol hint
+|
+|Extras
+|extra1    line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
 EOF
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt help output' '
+	sed -e "s/^|//" >expect <<\END_EXPECT &&
+|cat <<\EOF
+|usage: some-command [options] <args>...
+|
+|    some-command does foo and bar!
+|
+|    -h, --help            show the help
+|    --foo                 some nifty option --foo
+|    --bar ...             some cool option --bar with an argument
+|    -b, --baz             a short and long option
+|
+|An option group Header
+|    -C[...]               option C with an optional argument
+|    -d, --data[=...]      short and long option with an optional argument
+|
+|Argument hints
+|    -B <arg>              short option required argument
+|    --bar2 <arg>          long option required argument
+|    -e, --fuz <with-space>
+|                          short and long option required argument
+|    -s[<some>]            short option optional argument
+|    --long[=<data>]       long option optional argument
+|    -g, --fluf[=<path>]   short and long option optional argument
+|    --longest <very-long-argument-hint>
+|                          a very long argument hint
+|    --pair <key=value>    with an equals sign in the hint
+|    --short-hint <a>      with a one symbol hint
+|
+|Extras
+|    --extra1              line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
+|
+|EOF
+END_EXPECT
 	test_expect_code 129 git rev-parse --parseopt -- -h > output < optionspec &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
-set -- --foo --bar 'ham' -- 'arg'
+test_expect_success 'setup expect.1' "
+	cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --foo --bar 'ham' -b -- 'arg'
 EOF
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt' '
-	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo --bar=ham arg < optionspec > output &&
+	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo --bar=ham --baz arg < optionspec > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt with mixed options and arguments' '
-	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo arg --bar=ham < optionspec > output &&
+	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo arg --bar=ham --baz < optionspec > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup expect.2' "
+	cat > expect <<EOF
 set -- --foo -- 'arg' '--bar=ham'
 EOF
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt with --' '
 	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo -- arg --bar=ham < optionspec > output &&
@@ -72,31 +105,75 @@ test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stop-at-non-option' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup expect.3' "
+	cat > expect <<EOF
 set -- --foo -- '--' 'arg' '--bar=ham'
 EOF
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --keep-dashdash' '
 	git rev-parse --parseopt --keep-dashdash -- --foo -- arg --bar=ham < optionspec > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup expect.4' "
+	cat >expect <<EOF
 set -- --foo -- '--' 'arg' '--spam=ham'
 EOF
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --keep-dashdash --stop-at-non-option with --' '
 	git rev-parse --parseopt --keep-dashdash --stop-at-non-option -- --foo -- arg --spam=ham <optionspec >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup expect.5' "
+	cat > expect <<EOF
 set -- --foo -- 'arg' '--spam=ham'
 EOF
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --keep-dashdash --stop-at-non-option without --' '
 	git rev-parse --parseopt --keep-dashdash --stop-at-non-option -- --foo arg --spam=ham <optionspec >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup expect.6' "
+	cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --foo --bar='z' --baz -C'Z' --data='A' -- 'arg'
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stuck-long' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stuck-long -- --foo --bar=z -b arg -CZ -dA <optionspec >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup expect.7' "
+	cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --data='' -C --baz -- 'arg'
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stuck-long and empty optional argument' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stuck-long -- --data= arg -C -b <optionspec >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup expect.8' "
+	cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --data --baz -- 'arg'
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stuck-long and long option with unset optional argument' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stuck-long -- --data arg -b <optionspec >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stuck-long and short option with unset optional argument' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stuck-long -- -d arg -b <optionspec >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh b/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh
index 813cc1b3e2..ab27d0db5c 100755
--- a/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh
+++ b/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh
@@ -72,15 +72,39 @@ test_expect_success 'fails with any bad rev or many good revs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'fails silently when using -q' '
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify --quiet 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify foo 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q HEAD bar 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --quiet --verify baz HEAD 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify $HASH2 HEAD 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)"
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails silently when using -q with deleted reflogs' '
+	ref=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git update-ref --create-reflog -m "message for refs/test" refs/test "$ref" &&
+	git reflog delete --updateref --rewrite refs/test@{0} &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify refs/test@{0} >error 2>&1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails silently when using -q with not enough reflogs' '
+	ref=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git update-ref --create-reflog -m "message for refs/test2" refs/test2 "$ref" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify refs/test2@{999} >error 2>&1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'succeeds silently with -q and reflogs that do not go far back enough in time' '
+	ref=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git update-ref --create-reflog -m "message for refs/test3" refs/test3 "$ref" &&
+	git rev-parse -q --verify refs/test3@{1.year.ago} >actual 2>error &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
+	echo "$ref" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'no stdout output on error' '
diff --git a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
index cce87a5ab5..3d51615e42 100755
--- a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
+++ b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ test_prefix ceil_at_sub ""
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_prefix ceil_at_sub_slash ""
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s sub top
+fi
 
 mkdir -p sub/dir || exit 1
 cd sub/dir || exit 1
@@ -68,6 +72,19 @@ test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub_slash
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top_slash
+
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_slash_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+fi
+
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/dir"
 test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdir "sub/dir/"
 
diff --git a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
index d709ecf8df..4969edb314 100755
--- a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
+++ b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
@@ -32,32 +32,24 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 #
 # and 'side' should be the last branch
 
-test_rev_equivalent () {
-
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expect &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
-
-}
-
 test_expect_success '@{-1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side @{-1}
+	test_cmp_rev side @{-1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}~2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side~2 @{-1}~2
+	test_cmp_rev side~2 @{-1}~2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}^2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side^2 @{-1}^2
+	test_cmp_rev side^2 @{-1}^2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}@{1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
+	test_cmp_rev side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-2} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent master @{-2}
+	test_cmp_rev master @{-2}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-3} fails' '
diff --git a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
index 0843a1c13b..86c2ff255d 100755
--- a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
+++ b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
@@ -166,9 +166,53 @@ test_expect_success 'relative path when cwd is outside worktree' '
 	grep "relative path syntax can.t be used outside working tree." error
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'relative path when startup_info is NULL' '
-	test_must_fail test-match-trees HEAD:./file.txt HEAD:./file.txt 2>error &&
-	grep "BUG: startup_info struct is not initialized." error
+test_expect_success '<commit>:file correctly diagnosed after a pathname' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse file.txt HEAD:file.txt 1>actual 2>error &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "exists on disk" error &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no such path in the working tree" error &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	file.txt
+	HEAD:file.txt
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dotdot is not an empty set' '
+	( H=$(git rev-parse HEAD) && echo $H && echo ^$H ) >expect &&
+
+	git rev-parse HEAD.. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git rev-parse ..HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo .. >expect &&
+	git rev-parse .. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (missing)' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar -- 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad revision" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (file)' '
+	>foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar -- 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad revision" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (ambiguous)' '
+	>foobar &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/foobar HEAD &&
+	{
+		# we do not want to use rev-parse here, because
+		# we are testing it
+		cat .git/refs/heads/foobar &&
+		printf "%s\n" --
+	} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse foobar -- >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
index a4555510c3..46ef1f22dc 100755
--- a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
@@ -15,10 +15,21 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	test_commit 3 &&
 	(cd clone &&
 	 test_commit 4 &&
-	 git branch --track my-side origin/side)
-
+	 git branch --track my-side origin/side &&
+	 git branch --track local-master master &&
+	 git branch --track fun@ny origin/side &&
+	 git branch --track @funny origin/side &&
+	 git branch --track funny@ origin/side &&
+	 git remote add -t master master-only .. &&
+	 git fetch master-only &&
+	 git branch bad-upstream &&
+	 git config branch.bad-upstream.remote master-only &&
+	 git config branch.bad-upstream.merge refs/heads/side
+	)
 '
 
+sq="'"
+
 full_name () {
 	(cd clone &&
 	 git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name "$@")
@@ -29,6 +40,11 @@ commit_subject () {
 	 git show -s --pretty=format:%s "$@")
 }
 
+error_message () {
+	(cd clone &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify "$@")
+}
+
 test_expect_success '@{upstream} resolves to correct full name' '
 	test refs/remotes/origin/master = "$(full_name @{upstream})"
 '
@@ -41,6 +57,28 @@ test_expect_success 'my-side@{upstream} resolves to correct full name' '
 	test refs/remotes/origin/side = "$(full_name my-side@{u})"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ in middle' '
+	full_name fun@ny@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ at start' '
+	full_name @funny@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ at end' '
+	full_name funny@@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs/heads/my-side@{upstream} does not resolve to my-side{upstream}' '
+	test_must_fail full_name refs/heads/my-side@{upstream}
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'my-side@{u} resolves to correct commit' '
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit 5 &&
@@ -78,13 +116,12 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout -b new my-side@{u} forks from the same' '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge my-side@{u} records the correct name' '
 (
-	sq="'\''" &&
 	cd clone || exit
 	git checkout master || exit
 	git branch -D new ;# can fail but is ok
 	git branch -t new my-side@{u} &&
 	git merge -s ours new@{u} &&
-	git show -s --pretty=format:%s >actual &&
+	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
 	echo "Merge remote-tracking branch ${sq}origin/side${sq}" >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 )
@@ -107,6 +144,64 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout other@{u}' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch@{u} works when tracking a local branch' '
+	test refs/heads/master = "$(full_name local-master@{u})"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message when no upstream' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: no upstream configured for branch ${sq}non-tracking${sq}
+	EOF
+	error_message non-tracking@{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{u} error message when no upstream' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: no upstream configured for branch ${sq}master${sq}
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message with misspelt branch' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: no such branch: ${sq}no-such-branch${sq}
+	EOF
+	error_message no-such-branch@{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{u} error message when not on a branch' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: HEAD does not point to a branch
+	EOF
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message if upstream branch not fetched' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: upstream branch ${sq}refs/heads/side${sq} not stored as a remote-tracking branch
+	EOF
+	error_message bad-upstream@{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull works when tracking a local branch' '
+(
+	cd clone &&
+	git checkout local-master &&
+	git pull
+)
+'
+
+# makes sense if the previous one succeeded
+test_expect_success '@{u} works when tracking a local branch' '
+	test refs/heads/master = "$(full_name @{u})"
+'
+
 cat >expect <<EOF
 commit 8f489d01d0cc65c3b0f09504ec50b5ed02a70bd5
 Reflog: master@{0} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
@@ -136,4 +231,20 @@ test_expect_success 'log -g other@{u}@{now}' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '@{reflog}-parsing does not look beyond colon' '
+	echo content >@{yesterday} &&
+	git add @{yesterday} &&
+	git commit -m "funny reflog file" &&
+	git hash-object @{yesterday} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:@{yesterday} >actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{upstream}-parsing does not look beyond colon' '
+	echo content >@{upstream} &&
+	git add @{upstream} &&
+	git commit -m "funny upstream file" &&
+	git hash-object @{upstream} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:@{upstream} >actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
index d5d6244178..4a9964e9dc 100755
--- a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
+++ b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
@@ -4,17 +4,27 @@ test_description='test various @{X} syntax combinations together'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check() {
-test_expect_${3:-success} "$1 = $2" "
-	echo '$2' >expect &&
-	git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-"
+	test_expect_${4:-success} "$1 = $3" "
+		echo '$3' >expect &&
+		if test '$2' = 'commit'
+		then
+			git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual
+		elif test '$2' = 'ref'
+		then
+			git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name '$1' >actual
+		else
+			git cat-file -p '$1' >actual
+		fi &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	"
 }
+
 nonsense() {
-test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
-	test_must_fail git log -1 '$1'
-"
+	test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify '$1'
+	"
 }
+
 fail() {
 	"$@" failure
 }
@@ -25,27 +35,68 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git checkout -b upstream-branch &&
 	test_commit upstream-one &&
 	test_commit upstream-two &&
+	if test_have_prereq !MINGW
+	then
+		git checkout -b @/at-test
+	fi &&
+	git checkout -b @@/at-test &&
+	git checkout -b @at-test &&
 	git checkout -b old-branch &&
 	test_commit old-one &&
 	test_commit old-two &&
 	git checkout -b new-branch &&
 	test_commit new-one &&
 	test_commit new-two &&
-	git config branch.old-branch.remote . &&
-	git config branch.old-branch.merge refs/heads/master &&
-	git config branch.new-branch.remote . &&
-	git config branch.new-branch.merge refs/heads/upstream-branch
+	git branch -u master old-branch &&
+	git branch -u upstream-branch new-branch
 '
 
-check HEAD new-two
-check "@{1}" new-one
-check "@{-1}" old-two
-check "@{-1}@{1}" old-one
-check "@{u}" upstream-two
-check "@{u}@{1}" upstream-one
-check "@{-1}@{u}" master-two
-check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" master-one
+check HEAD ref refs/heads/new-branch
+check "@{1}" commit new-one
+check "HEAD@{1}" commit new-one
+check "@{now}" commit new-two
+check "HEAD@{now}" commit new-two
+check "@{-1}" ref refs/heads/old-branch
+check "@{-1}@{0}" commit old-two
+check "@{-1}@{1}" commit old-one
+check "@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "HEAD@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "@{u}@{1}" commit upstream-one
+check "@{-1}@{u}" ref refs/heads/master
+check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" commit master-one
+check "@" commit new-two
+check "@@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "@@/at-test" ref refs/heads/@@/at-test
+test_have_prereq MINGW ||
+check "@/at-test" ref refs/heads/@/at-test
+check "@at-test" ref refs/heads/@at-test
 nonsense "@{u}@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{0}@{0}"
 nonsense "@{1}@{u}"
+nonsense "HEAD@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{-1}@{-1}"
+
+# @{N} versus HEAD@{N}
+
+check "HEAD@{3}" commit old-two
+nonsense "@{3}"
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to old-branch' '
+	git checkout old-branch
+'
+
+check HEAD ref refs/heads/old-branch
+check "HEAD@{1}" commit new-two
+check "@{1}" commit old-one
+
+test_expect_success 'create path with @' '
+	echo content >normal &&
+	echo content >fun@ny &&
+	git add normal fun@ny &&
+	git commit -m "funny path"
+'
+
+check "@:normal" blob content
+check "@:fun@ny" blob content
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1509-root-worktree.sh b/t/t1509-root-work-tree.sh
index 335420fd87..553a3f601b 100755
--- a/t/t1509-root-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t1509-root-work-tree.sh
@@ -98,8 +98,16 @@ test_foobar_foobar() {
 	'
 }
 
-if ! test_have_prereq POSIXPERM || ! [ -w / ]; then
-	skip_all="Dangerous test skipped. Read this test if you want to execute it"
+if ! test -w /
+then
+	skip_all="Test requiring writable / skipped. Read this test if you want to run it"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if  test -e /refs || test -e /objects || test -e /info || test -e /hooks ||
+    test -e /.git || test -e /foo || test -e /me
+then
+	skip_all="Skip test that clobbers existing files in /"
 	test_done
 fi
 
@@ -108,15 +116,16 @@ if [ "$IKNOWWHATIAMDOING" != "YES" ]; then
 	test_done
 fi
 
-if [ "$UID" = 0 ]; then
-	skip_all="No you can't run this with root"
+if ! test_have_prereq NOT_ROOT
+then
+	skip_all="No you can't run this as root"
 	test_done
 fi
 
 ONE_SHA1=d00491fd7e5bb6fa28c517a0bb32b8b506539d4d
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	rm -rf /foo
+	rm -rf /foo &&
 	mkdir /foo &&
 	mkdir /foo/bar &&
 	echo 1 > /foo/foome &&
@@ -209,7 +218,7 @@ unset GIT_WORK_TREE
 
 test_expect_success 'go to /' 'cd /'
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	rm -rf /.git
+	rm -rf /.git &&
 	echo "Initialized empty Git repository in /.git/" > expected &&
 	git init > result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
@@ -232,8 +241,8 @@ say "auto bare gitdir"
 
 # DESTROYYYYY!!!!!
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	rm -rf /refs /objects /info /hooks
-	rm /*
+	rm -rf /refs /objects /info /hooks &&
+	rm -f /expected /ls.expected /me /result &&
 	cd / &&
 	echo "Initialized empty Git repository in /" > expected &&
 	git init --bare > result &&
diff --git a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
index c5334a8fa4..6d47e2c725 100755
--- a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
+++ b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
@@ -14,25 +14,45 @@ xmkdir() {
 
 R="$1"
 
-[ -n "$R" ] || die "Usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
+[ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && die "This script should not be run as root, what if it does rm -rf /?"
+[ -n "$R" ] || die "usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
 [ -x git ] || die "This script needs to be executed at git source code's top directory"
-[ -x /bin/busybox ] || die "You need busybox"
+if [ -x /bin/busybox ]; then
+	BB=/bin/busybox
+elif [ -x /usr/bin/busybox ]; then
+	BB=/usr/bin/busybox
+else
+	die "You need busybox"
+fi
 
 xmkdir "$R" "$R/bin" "$R/etc" "$R/lib" "$R/dev"
-[ -c "$R/dev/null" ] || die "/dev/null is missing. Do mknod $R/dev/null c 1 3 && chmod 666 $R/dev/null"
+touch "$R/dev/null"
 echo "root:x:0:0:root:/:/bin/sh" > "$R/etc/passwd"
 echo "$(id -nu):x:$(id -u):$(id -g)::$(pwd)/t:/bin/sh" >> "$R/etc/passwd"
 echo "root::0:root" > "$R/etc/group"
 echo "$(id -ng)::$(id -g):$(id -nu)" >> "$R/etc/group"
 
-[ -x "$R/bin/busybox" ] || cp /bin/busybox "$R/bin/busybox"
-[ -x "$R/bin/sh" ] || ln -s /bin/busybox "$R/bin/sh"
-[ -x "$R/bin/su" ] || ln -s /bin/busybox "$R/bin/su"
+[ -x "$R$BB" ] || cp $BB "$R/bin/busybox"
+for cmd in sh su ls expr tr basename rm mkdir mv id uname dirname cat true sed diff; do
+	ln -f -s /bin/busybox "$R/bin/$cmd"
+done
 
 mkdir -p "$R$(pwd)"
 rsync --exclude-from t/t1509/excludes -Ha . "$R$(pwd)"
-ldd git | grep '/' | sed 's,.*\s\(/[^ ]*\).*,\1,' | while read i; do
-	mkdir -p "$R$(dirname $i)"
-	cp "$i" "$R/$i"
+# Fake perl to reduce dependency, t1509 does not use perl, but some
+# env might slip through, see test-lib.sh, unset.*PERL_PATH
+sed 's|^PERL_PATH=.*|PERL_PATH=/bin/true|' GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS > "$R$(pwd)/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS"
+for cmd in git $BB;do 
+	ldd $cmd | grep '/' | sed 's,.*\s\(/[^ ]*\).*,\1,' | while read i; do
+		mkdir -p "$R$(dirname $i)"
+		cp "$i" "$R/$i"
+	done
 done
-echo "Execute this in root: 'chroot $R /bin/su - $(id -nu)'"
+cat <<EOF
+All is set up in $R, execute t1509 with the following commands:
+
+sudo chroot $R /bin/su - $(id -nu)
+IKNOWWHATIAMDOING=YES ./t1509-root-worktree.sh -v -i
+
+When you are done, simply delete $R to clean up
+EOF
diff --git a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
index 80aedfca8c..13ae12dfa7 100755
--- a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
+++ b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ setup_env () {
 expect () {
 	cat >"$1/expected" <<-EOF
 	setup: git_dir: $2
+	setup: git_common_dir: $2
 	setup: worktree: $3
 	setup: cwd: $4
 	setup: prefix: $5
@@ -517,6 +518,25 @@ test_expect_success '#16c: bare .git has no worktree' '
 		"$here/16c/.git" "(null)" "$here/16c/sub" "(null)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '#16d: bareness preserved across alias' '
+	setup_repo 16d unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16d/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		git config alias.st status &&
+		test_must_fail git st
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16e: bareness preserved by --bare' '
+	setup_repo 16e unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16e/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		test_must_fail git --bare status
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '#17: GIT_WORK_TREE without explicit GIT_DIR is accepted (bare case)' '
 	# Just like #16.
 	setup_repo 17a unset "" true &&
@@ -579,11 +599,20 @@ test_expect_success '#20b/c: core.worktree and core.bare conflict' '
 	mkdir -p 20b/.git/wt/sub &&
 	(
 		cd 20b/.git &&
-		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD >/dev/null
+		test_must_fail git status >/dev/null
 	) 2>message &&
 	grep "core.bare and core.worktree" message
 '
 
+test_expect_success '#20d: core.worktree and core.bare OK when working tree not needed' '
+	setup_repo 20d non-existent "" true &&
+	mkdir -p 20d/.git/wt/sub &&
+	(
+		cd 20d/.git &&
+		git config foo.bar value
+	)
+'
+
 # Case #21: core.worktree/GIT_WORK_TREE overrides core.bare' '
 test_expect_success '#21: setup, core.worktree warns before overriding core.bare' '
 	setup_repo 21 non-existent "" unset &&
@@ -592,7 +621,7 @@ test_expect_success '#21: setup, core.worktree warns before overriding core.bare
 		cd 21/.git &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE="$here/21" &&
 		export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
-		git symbolic-ref HEAD >/dev/null
+		git status >/dev/null
 	) 2>message &&
 	! test -s message
 
@@ -681,13 +710,13 @@ test_expect_success '#22.2: core.worktree and core.bare conflict' '
 		cd 22/.git &&
 		GIT_DIR=. &&
 		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result
+		test_must_fail git status 2>result
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd 22 &&
 		GIT_DIR=.git &&
 		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result
+		test_must_fail git status 2>result
 	) &&
 	grep "core.bare and core.worktree" 22/.git/result &&
 	grep "core.bare and core.worktree" 22/result
@@ -733,9 +762,8 @@ test_expect_success '#28: core.worktree and core.bare conflict (gitfile case)' '
 	setup_repo 28 "$here/28" gitfile true &&
 	(
 		cd 28 &&
-		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD
+		test_must_fail git status
 	) 2>message &&
-	! grep "^warning:" message &&
 	grep "core.bare and core.worktree" message
 '
 
@@ -747,7 +775,7 @@ test_expect_success '#29: setup' '
 		cd 29 &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE="$here/29" &&
 		export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
-		git symbolic-ref HEAD >/dev/null
+		git status
 	) 2>message &&
 	! test -s message
 '
@@ -758,9 +786,7 @@ test_expect_success '#30: core.worktree and core.bare conflict (gitfile version)
 	setup_repo 30 "$here/30" gitfile true &&
 	(
 		cd 30 &&
-		GIT_DIR=.git &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result
+		test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=.git git status 2>result
 	) &&
 	grep "core.bare and core.worktree" 30/result
 '
diff --git a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
index eaefc777bd..e0a49a651f 100755
--- a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
+++ b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ test_description='tests for ref^{stuff}'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	echo blob >a-blob &&
-	git tag -a -m blob blob-tag `git hash-object -w a-blob` &&
+	git tag -a -m blob blob-tag $(git hash-object -w a-blob) &&
 	mkdir a-tree &&
 	echo moreblobs >a-tree/another-blob &&
 	git add . &&
-	TREE_SHA1=`git write-tree` &&
+	TREE_SHA1=$(git write-tree) &&
 	git tag -a -m tree tree-tag "$TREE_SHA1" &&
 	git commit -m Initial &&
 	git tag -a -m commit commit-tag &&
@@ -18,7 +18,18 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	echo modified >>a-blob &&
 	git add -u &&
-	git commit -m Modified
+	git commit -m Modified &&
+	git branch modref &&
+	echo changed! >>a-blob &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git commit -m !Exp &&
+	git branch expref &&
+	echo changed >>a-blob &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git commit -m Changed &&
+	echo changed-again >>a-blob &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git commit -m Changed-again
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ref^{non-existent}' '
@@ -54,6 +65,13 @@ test_expect_success 'ref^{tree}' '
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse blob-tag^{tree}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ref^{tag}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD^{tag} &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag >expected &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag^{tag} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'ref^{/.}' '
 	git rev-parse master >expected &&
 	git rev-parse master^{/.} >actual &&
@@ -70,4 +88,44 @@ test_expect_success 'ref^{/Initial}' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/!Exp}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse master^{/!Exp}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/!}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse master^{/!}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/!!Exp}' '
+	git rev-parse expref >expected &&
+	git rev-parse master^{/!!Exp} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/!-}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse master^{/!-}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/!-.}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse master^{/!-.}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/!-non-existent}' '
+	git rev-parse master >expected &&
+	git rev-parse master^{/!-non-existent} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/!-Changed}' '
+	git rev-parse expref >expected &&
+	git rev-parse master^{/!-Changed} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ref^{/!-!Exp}' '
+	git rev-parse modref >expected &&
+	git rev-parse expref^{/!-!Exp} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e221167cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='object name disambiguation
+
+Create blobs, trees, commits and a tag that all share the same
+prefix, and make sure "git rev-parse" can take advantage of
+type information to disambiguate short object names that are
+not necessarily unique.
+
+The final history used in the test has five commits, with the bottom
+one tagged as v1.0.0.  They all have one regular file each.
+
+  +-------------------------------------------+
+  |                                           |
+  |           .-------b3wettvi---- ad2uee     |
+  |          /                   /            |
+  |  a2onsxbvj---czy8f73t--ioiley5o           |
+  |                                           |
+  +-------------------------------------------+
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'blob and tree' '
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			echo $i
+		done
+		echo
+		echo b1rwzyc3
+	) >a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# create one blob 0000000000b36
+	git add a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# create one tree 0000000000cdc
+	git write-tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'warn ambiguity when no candidate matches type hint' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{commit} 2>actual &&
+	grep "short SHA1 000000000 is ambiguous" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate tree-ish' '
+	# feed tree-ish in an unambiguous way
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000cdc:a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such tree-ish (the other is a blob)
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000:a0blgqsjc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate blob' '
+	sed -e "s/|$//" >patch <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	index 000000000..ffffff 100644
+	--- a/frotz
+	+++ b/frotz
+	@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@
+	 9
+	 |
+	 b1rwzyc3
+	+irwry
+	EOF
+	(
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=frotz &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		git apply --build-fake-ancestor frotz patch &&
+		git cat-file blob :frotz >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp a0blgqsjc actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate tree' '
+	commit=$(echo "d7xm" | git commit-tree 000000000) &&
+	# this commit is fffff2e and not ambiguous with the 00000* objects
+	test $(git rev-parse $commit^{tree}) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000cdc)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'first commit' '
+	# create one commit 0000000000e4f
+	git commit -m a2onsxbvj
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit-ish' '
+	# feed commit-ish in an unambiguous way
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000e4f^{commit} &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit (the others are tree and blob)
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit' '
+	commit=$(echo "hoaxj" | git commit-tree 0000000000cdc -p 000000000) &&
+	# this commit is ffffffd8 and not ambiguous with the 00000* objects
+	test $(git rev-parse $commit^) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000e4f)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	# These are underspecified from the prefix-length point of view
+	# to disambiguate the commit with other objects, but there is only
+	# one commit that has 00000* prefix at this point.
+	git log 000000000..000000000 &&
+	git log ..000000000 &&
+	git log 000000000.. &&
+	git log 000000000...000000000 &&
+	git log ...000000000 &&
+	git log 000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	# Likewise.
+	git rev-parse 000000000..000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse ..000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse 000000000..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log takes only commit-ish' '
+	# Likewise.
+	git log 000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git reset takes only commit-ish' '
+	# Likewise.
+	git reset 000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'first tag' '
+	# create one tag 0000000000f8f
+	git tag -a -m j7cp83um v1.0.0
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'two semi-ambiguous commit-ish' '
+	# At this point, we have a tag 0000000000f8f that points
+	# at a commit 0000000000e4f, and a tree and a blob that
+	# share 0000000000 prefix with these tag and commit.
+	#
+	# Once the parser becomes ultra-smart, it could notice that
+	# 0000000000 before ^{commit} name many different objects, but
+	# that only two (HEAD and v1.0.0 tag) can be peeled to commit,
+	# and that peeling them down to commit yield the same commit
+	# without ambiguity.
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	git log 0000000000..0000000000 &&
+	git log ..0000000000 &&
+	git log 0000000000.. &&
+	git log 0000000000...0000000000 &&
+	git log ...0000000000 &&
+	git log 0000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'three semi-ambiguous tree-ish' '
+	# Likewise for tree-ish.  HEAD, v1.0.0 and HEAD^{tree} share
+	# the prefix but peeling them to tree yields the same thing
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000^{tree}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'parse describe name' '
+	# feed an unambiguous describe name
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g0000000000e4f &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit (others are blob, tree and tag)
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'more history' '
+	# commit 0000000000043
+	git mv a0blgqsjc d12cr3h8t &&
+	echo h62xsjeu >>d12cr3h8t &&
+	git add d12cr3h8t &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m czy8f73t &&
+
+	# commit 00000000008ec
+	git mv d12cr3h8t j000jmpzn &&
+	echo j08bekfvt >>j000jmpzn &&
+	git add j000jmpzn &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m ioiley5o &&
+
+	# commit 0000000005b0
+	git checkout v1.0.0^0 &&
+	git mv a0blgqsjc f5518nwu &&
+
+	for i in h62xsjeu j08bekfvt kg7xflhm
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >>f5518nwu &&
+	git add f5518nwu &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m b3wettvi &&
+	side=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	# commit 000000000066
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	# If you use recursive, merge will fail and you will need to
+	# clean up a0blgqsjc as well.  If you use resolve, merge will
+	# succeed.
+	test_might_fail git merge --no-commit -s recursive $side &&
+	git rm -f f5518nwu j000jmpzn &&
+
+	test_might_fail git rm -f a0blgqsjc &&
+	(
+		git cat-file blob $side:f5518nwu
+		echo j3l0i9s6
+	) >ab2gs879 &&
+	git add ab2gs879 &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m ad2uee
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'parse describe name taking advantage of generation' '
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit at generation 0
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g000000000 &&
+
+	# likewise for generation 2 and 4
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-2-g000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-4-g000000000
+'
+
+# Note: because rev-parse does not even try to disambiguate based on
+# the generation number, this test currently succeeds for a wrong
+# reason.  When it learns to use the generation number, the previous
+# test should succeed, and also this test should fail because the
+# describe name used in the test with generation number can name two
+# commits.  Make sure that such a future enhancement does not randomly
+# pick one.
+test_expect_success 'parse describe name not ignoring ambiguity' '
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, and there are two such
+	# commits at generation 1
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-1-g000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous commit-ish' '
+	# Now there are many commits that begin with the
+	# common prefix, none of these should pick one at
+	# random.  They all should result in ambiguity errors.
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 00000000^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000..000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log ..000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000.. &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000...000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log ...000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --disambiguate' '
+	# The test creates 16 objects that share the prefix and two
+	# commits created by commit-tree in earlier tests share a
+	# different prefix.
+	git rev-parse --disambiguate=000000000 >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 16 &&
+	test "$(sed -e "s/^\(.........\).*/\1/" actual | sort -u)" = 000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous 40-hex ref' '
+	TREE=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	REF=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	VAL=$(git commit-tree $TREE </dev/null) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/$REF $VAL &&
+	test $(git rev-parse $REF 2>err) = $REF &&
+	grep "refname.*${REF}.*ambiguous" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous short sha1 ref' '
+	TREE=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	REF=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	VAL=$(git commit-tree $TREE </dev/null) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/$REF $VAL &&
+	test $(git rev-parse $REF 2>err) = $VAL &&
+	grep "refname.*${REF}.*ambiguous" err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh b/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..87ec3ae714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests for rev-parse --prefix'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir -p sub1/sub2 &&
+	echo top >top &&
+	echo file1 >sub1/file1 &&
+	echo file2 >sub1/sub2/file2 &&
+	git add top sub1/file1 sub1/sub2/file2 &&
+	git commit -m commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix -- file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix "" -- top sub1/file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	top
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix -- file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ -- file1 sub2/file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/file1
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix -- ../file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ -- ../top sub2/file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/../top
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix HEAD:./path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix "" HEAD:./top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix HEAD:./path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:./file1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:sub1/file1 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix HEAD:../path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:../top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefix ignored with HEAD:top' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate path with valid prefix' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file and refs with prefix' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ master file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
+	$(git rev-parse master)
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-levels deep' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/sub2/ -- file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1514-rev-parse-push.sh b/t/t1514-rev-parse-push.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7214f5b33f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1514-rev-parse-push.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test <branch>@{push} syntax'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+resolve () {
+	echo "$2" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name "$1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git init --bare parent.git &&
+	git init --bare other.git &&
+	git remote add origin parent.git &&
+	git remote add other other.git &&
+	test_commit base &&
+	git push origin HEAD &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/master master &&
+	git branch --track topic origin/master &&
+	git push origin topic &&
+	git push other topic
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{push} with default=nothing' '
+	test_config push.default nothing &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse master@{push}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{push} with default=simple' '
+	test_config push.default simple &&
+	resolve master@{push} refs/remotes/origin/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'triangular @{push} fails with default=simple' '
+	test_config push.default simple &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse topic@{push}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{push} with default=current' '
+	test_config push.default current &&
+	resolve topic@{push} refs/remotes/origin/topic
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{push} with default=matching' '
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	resolve topic@{push} refs/remotes/origin/topic
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{push} with pushremote defined' '
+	test_config push.default current &&
+	test_config branch.topic.pushremote other &&
+	resolve topic@{push} refs/remotes/other/topic
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{push} with push refspecs' '
+	test_config push.default nothing &&
+	test_config remote.origin.push refs/heads/*:refs/heads/magic/* &&
+	git push &&
+	resolve topic@{push} refs/remotes/origin/magic/topic
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1515-rev-parse-outside-repo.sh b/t/t1515-rev-parse-outside-repo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3ec2971ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1515-rev-parse-outside-repo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check that certain rev-parse options work outside repo'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'set up non-repo directory' '
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=$(pwd) &&
+	export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+	mkdir non-repo &&
+	cd non-repo &&
+	# confirm that git does not find a repo
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --git-dir
+'
+
+# Rather than directly test the output of sq-quote directly,
+# make sure the shell can read back a tricky case, since
+# that's what we really care about anyway.
+tricky="really tricky with \\ and \" and '"
+dump_args () {
+	for i in "$@"; do
+		echo "arg: $i"
+	done
+}
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --sq-quote' '
+	dump_args "$tricky" easy >expect &&
+	eval "dump_args $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$tricky" easy)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --local-env-vars' '
+	git rev-parse --local-env-vars >actual &&
+	# we do not want to depend on the complete list here,
+	# so just look for something plausible
+	grep ^GIT_DIR actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --resolve-git-dir' '
+	git init --separate-git-dir repo dir &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir . &&
+	echo "$(pwd)/repo" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir dir/.git >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1600-index.sh b/t/t1600-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..079d241145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1600-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='index file specific tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo 1 >a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bogus GIT_INDEX_VERSION issues warning' '
+	(
+		rm -f .git/index &&
+		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=2bogus &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		git add a 2>&1 | sed "s/[0-9]//" >actual.err &&
+		sed -e "s/ Z$/ /" <<-\EOF >expect.err &&
+			warning: GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.
+			Using version Z
+		EOF
+		test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'out of bounds GIT_INDEX_VERSION issues warning' '
+	(
+		rm -f .git/index &&
+		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=1 &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		git add a 2>&1 | sed "s/[0-9]//" >actual.err &&
+		sed -e "s/ Z$/ /" <<-\EOF >expect.err &&
+			warning: GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.
+			Using version Z
+		EOF
+		test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no warning with bogus GIT_INDEX_VERSION and existing index' '
+	(
+		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=1 &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		git add a 2>actual.err &&
+		>expect.err &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'out of bounds index.version issues warning' '
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		rm -f .git/index &&
+		git config --add index.version 1 &&
+		git add a 2>&1 | sed "s/[0-9]//" >actual.err &&
+		sed -e "s/ Z$/ /" <<-\EOF >expect.err &&
+			warning: index.version set, but the value is invalid.
+			Using version Z
+		EOF
+		test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_INDEX_VERSION takes precedence over config' '
+	(
+		rm -f .git/index &&
+		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=4 &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		git config --add index.version 2 &&
+		git add a 2>&1 &&
+		echo 4 >expect &&
+		test-index-version <.git/index >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1700-split-index.sh b/t/t1700-split-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8aef49f236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1700-split-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='split index mode tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# We need total control of index splitting here
+sane_unset GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX
+
+test_expect_success 'enable split index' '
+	git update-index --split-index &&
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index >actual &&
+	indexversion=$(test-index-version <.git/index) &&
+	if test "$indexversion" = "4"
+	then
+		own=432ef4b63f32193984f339431fd50ca796493569
+		base=508851a7f0dfa8691e9f69c7f055865389012491
+	else
+		own=8299b0bcd1ac364e5f1d7768efb62fa2da79a339
+		base=39d890139ee5356c7ef572216cebcd27aa41f9df
+	fi &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+own $own
+base $base
+replacements:
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add one file' '
+	: >one &&
+	git update-index --add one &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+base $base
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+replacements:
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable split index' '
+	git update-index --no-split-index &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	BASE=$(test-dump-split-index .git/index | grep "^own" | sed "s/own/base/") &&
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+not a split index
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enable split index again, "one" now belongs to base index"' '
+	git update-index --split-index &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+replacements:
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'modify original file, base index untouched' '
+	echo modified >one &&
+	git update-index one &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	q_to_tab >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0Q
+replacements: 0
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add another file, which stays index' '
+	: >two &&
+	git update-index --add two &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0	one
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	q_to_tab >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0Q
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	two
+replacements: 0
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove file not in base index' '
+	git update-index --force-remove two &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	q_to_tab >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0Q
+replacements: 0
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove file in base index' '
+	git update-index --force-remove one &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+replacements:
+deletions: 0
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add original file back' '
+	: >one &&
+	git update-index --add one &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+replacements:
+deletions: 0
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add new file' '
+	: >two &&
+	git update-index --add two &&
+	git ls-files --stage >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	two
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unify index, two files remain' '
+	git update-index --no-split-index &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+not a split index
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
index 98aa73e823..1fc8e634b7 100755
--- a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
+++ b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
@@ -59,10 +59,9 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git read-tree -m $tree1 && git checkout-index -f -a'
 test_debug 'show_files $tree1'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git update-index --add a symlink.' \
-    'ln -s path0 path1 &&
-     git update-index --add path1'
+test_expect_success \
+    'add a symlink' \
+    'test_ln_s_add path0 path1'
 test_expect_success \
     'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
     'tree3=$(git write-tree)'
diff --git a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
index 02a4fc5d36..ff163cf675 100755
--- a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
+++ b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
@@ -12,85 +12,108 @@ the GIT controlled paths.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'setup' \
-    'mkdir path1 &&
-    echo frotz >path0 &&
-    echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
-    git update-index --add path0 path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	echo frotz >path0 &&
+	echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	ln -s path2 path1 &&
+	git checkout-index -f -a &&
+	test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
+	test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     ln -s path2 path1 &&
-     git checkout-index -f -a &&
-     test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
-     test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=path2/' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
+	test -f path2/path0 &&
+	test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp-' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=path2/' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
-     test -f path2/path0 &&
-     test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp-path0 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp-' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
+	test -d tmp1/orary &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
-     mkdir tmp-path0 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-# Linus fix #1
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
-     test -d tmp1/orary &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
+	test -d tmp-path1 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1
+'
 
-# Linus fix #2
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success 'apply filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.smudge "sed -e s/./,/g" &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.clean cat &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.required true &&
+	echo "file1 filter=replace-all" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo frotz >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path0 &&
+	echo ,,,,,, >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path1/file1
+'
 
-# Linus fix #3
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
-     test -d tmp-path1 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'apply CRLF filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	echo "file1 eol=crlf" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo rezrovQ >expected &&
+	tr \\015 Q <tmp/path1/file1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
index 36cca14d95..a12afe93f3 100755
--- a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
+++ b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
@@ -10,203 +10,212 @@ rather than the tracked path.'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-'preparation' '
-mkdir asubdir &&
-echo tree1path0 >path0 &&
-echo tree1path1 >path1 &&
-echo tree1path3 >path3 &&
-echo tree1path4 >path4 &&
-echo tree1asubdir/path5 >asubdir/path5 &&
-git update-index --add path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5 &&
-t1=$(git write-tree) &&
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
-echo tree2path1 >path1 &&
-echo tree2path2 >path2 &&
-echo tree2path4 >path4 &&
-git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path4 &&
-t2=$(git write-tree) &&
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
-echo tree3path1 >path1 &&
-echo tree3path2 >path2 &&
-echo tree3path3 >path3 &&
-git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path3 &&
-t3=$(git write-tree)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout one stage 0 to temporary file' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-git read-tree $t1 &&
-git checkout-index --temp -- path1 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
-p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
-test -f $p &&
-test $(cat $p) = tree1path1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stage 0 to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-git read-tree $t1 &&
-git checkout-index -a --temp >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 5 &&
-for f in path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5
-do
-	test $(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
-	p=$(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir asubdir &&
+	echo tree1path0 >path0 &&
+	echo tree1path1 >path1 &&
+	echo tree1path3 >path3 &&
+	echo tree1path4 >path4 &&
+	echo tree1asubdir/path5 >asubdir/path5 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5 &&
+	t1=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
+	echo tree2path1 >path1 &&
+	echo tree2path2 >path2 &&
+	echo tree2path4 >path4 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path4 &&
+	t2=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
+	echo tree3path1 >path1 &&
+	echo tree3path2 >path2 &&
+	echo tree3path3 >path3 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path3 &&
+	t3=$(git write-tree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout one stage 0 to temporary file' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	git read-tree $t1 &&
+	git checkout-index --temp -- path1 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path1 &&
+	p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 actual) &&
 	test -f $p &&
-	test $(cat $p) = tree1$f
-done'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'prepare 3-way merge' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-git read-tree -m $t1 $t2 $t3'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout one stage 2 to temporary file' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --stage=2 --temp -- path1 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
-p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
-test -f $p &&
-test $(cat $p) = tree2path1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stage 2 to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --all --stage=2 --temp >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 3 &&
-for f in path1 path2 path4
-do
-	test $(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
-	p=$(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+	test $(cat $p) = tree1path1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stage 0 to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	git read-tree $t1 &&
+	git checkout-index -a --temp >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 5 actual &&
+	for f in path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5
+	do
+		test $(grep $f actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
+		p=$(grep $f actual | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+		test -f $p &&
+		test $(cat $p) = tree1$f
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 3-way merge' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	git read-tree -m $t1 $t2 $t3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout one stage 2 to temporary file' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --stage=2 --temp -- path1 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path1 &&
+	p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 actual) &&
 	test -f $p &&
-	test $(cat $p) = tree2$f
-done'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stages/one file to nothing' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path0 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 0'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stages/one file to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path1 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
-cut "-d	" -f1 out | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout some stages/one file to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path2 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path2 &&
-cut "-d	" -f1 out | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test $s1 = . &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stages/all files to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index -a --stage=all --temp >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 5'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path0: no entry' '
-test x$(grep path0 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = x'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path1: all 3 stages' '
-test $(grep path1 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path1 &&
-grep path1 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path2: no stage 1, have stage 2 and 3' '
-test $(grep path2 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path2 &&
-grep path2 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test $s1 = . &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path3: no stage 2, have stage 1 and 3' '
-test $(grep path3 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path3 &&
-grep path3 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test $s2 = . &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1path3 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path3)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path4: no stage 3, have stage 1 and 3' '
-test $(grep path4 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path4 &&
-grep path4 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test $s3 = . &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1path4 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path4)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- asubdir/path5: no stage 2 and 3 have stage 1' '
-test $(grep asubdir/path5 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = asubdir/path5 &&
-grep asubdir/path5 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test $s2 = . &&
-test $s3 = . &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout --temp within subdir' '
-(cd asubdir &&
- git checkout-index -a --stage=all >out &&
- test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
- test $(grep path5 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path5 &&
- grep path5 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
- test -f ../$s1 &&
- test $s2 = . &&
- test $s3 = . &&
- test $(cat ../$s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
-)'
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-'checkout --temp symlink' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-ln -s b a &&
-git update-index --add a &&
-t4=$(git write-tree) &&
-rm -f .git/index &&
-git read-tree $t4 &&
-git checkout-index --temp -a >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = a &&
-p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
-test -f $p &&
-test $(cat $p) = b'
+	test $(cat $p) = tree2path1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stage 2 to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --all --stage=2 --temp >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
+	for f in path1 path2 path4
+	do
+		test $(grep $f actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
+		p=$(grep $f actual | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+		test -f $p &&
+		test $(cat $p) = tree2$f
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stages/one file to nothing' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path0 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stages/one file to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path1 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path1 &&
+	cut "-d	" -f1 actual | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout some stages/one file to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path2 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path2 &&
+	cut "-d	" -f1 actual | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test $s1 = . &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stages/all files to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index -a --stage=all --temp >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 5 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path0: no entry' '
+	test x$(grep path0 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = x
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path1: all 3 stages' '
+	test $(grep path1 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path1 &&
+	grep path1 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path2: no stage 1, have stage 2 and 3' '
+	test $(grep path2 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path2 &&
+	grep path2 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test $s1 = . &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path3: no stage 2, have stage 1 and 3' '
+	test $(grep path3 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path3 &&
+	grep path3 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test $s2 = . &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1path3 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path4: no stage 3, have stage 1 and 3' '
+	test $(grep path4 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path4 &&
+	grep path4 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test $s3 = . &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1path4 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path4)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- asubdir/path5: no stage 2 and 3 have stage 1' '
+	test $(grep asubdir/path5 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = asubdir/path5 &&
+	grep asubdir/path5 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test $s2 = . &&
+	test $s3 = . &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout --temp within subdir' '
+	(
+		cd asubdir &&
+		git checkout-index -a --stage=all >actual &&
+		test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+		test $(grep path5 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path5 &&
+		grep path5 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+		test -f ../$s1 &&
+		test $s2 = . &&
+		test $s3 = . &&
+		test $(cat ../$s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout --temp symlink' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	test_ln_s_add path7 path6 &&
+	git checkout-index --temp -a >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path6 &&
+	p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 actual) &&
+	test -f $p &&
+	test $(cat $p) = path7
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'emit well-formed relative path' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	>path0123456789 &&
+	git update-index --add path0123456789 &&
+	(
+		cd asubdir &&
+		git checkout-index --temp -- ../path0123456789 >actual &&
+		test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+		test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = ../path0123456789
+	)
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh b/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
index b8559838b1..57cbdfe9bc 100755
--- a/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ test_description='basic checkout-index tests
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout-index --gobbledegook' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git checkout-index --gobbledegook 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout-index -h in broken repository' '
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout-index -h in broken repository' '
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git checkout-index -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
index e6f59f1914..fc9aad530e 100755
--- a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ test_description='git checkout to switch between branches with symlink<->dir'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	mkdir frotz &&
 	echo hello >frotz/filfre &&
@@ -25,25 +25,25 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 	git rm --cached frotz/filfre &&
 	mv frotz xyzzy &&
-	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-	git add xyzzy/filfre frotz &&
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy frotz &&
+	git add xyzzy/filfre &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "side moves frotz/ to xyzzy/ and adds frotz->xyzzy/"
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'switch from symlink to dir' '
+test_expect_success 'switch from symlink to dir' '
 
 	git checkout master
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Remove temporary directories & switch to master' '
+test_expect_success 'Remove temporary directories & switch to master' '
 	rm -fr frotz xyzzy nitfol &&
 	git checkout -f master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'switch from dir to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'switch from dir to symlink' '
 
 	git checkout side
 
diff --git a/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh b/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
index 3e098ab31e..eadb9434ae 100755
--- a/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout with simple prefix' '
 
 '
 
-# This is not expected to work as ls-files was not designed
-# to deal with such.  Enable it when ls-files is updated.
-: test_expect_success 'checkout with complex relative path' '
-
-	rm file1 &&
-	git checkout HEAD -- ../dir1/../dir1/file1 && test -f ./file1
-
+test_expect_success 'checkout with complex relative path' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		rm file1 &&
+		git checkout HEAD -- ../dir1/../dir1/file1 &&
+		test "hello" = "$(cat file1)"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'relative path outside tree should fail' \
diff --git a/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh b/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
index 7cc0a3582e..87bdf9c96b 100755
--- a/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
+++ b/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
@@ -47,4 +47,10 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguate checking out from a tree-ish' '
 	git diff --exit-code --quiet
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'accurate error message with more than one ref' '
+	test_must_fail git checkout HEAD master -- 2>actual &&
+	grep 2 actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "one reference expected, 2 given" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2011-checkout-invalid-head.sh b/t/t2011-checkout-invalid-head.sh
index 300f8bf25c..c5501b008c 100755
--- a/t/t2011-checkout-invalid-head.sh
+++ b/t/t2011-checkout-invalid-head.sh
@@ -19,4 +19,43 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout master from invalid HEAD' '
 	git checkout master --
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout notices failure to lock HEAD' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/HEAD.lock" &&
+	>.git/HEAD.lock &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout -b other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create ref directory/file conflict scenario' '
+	git update-ref refs/heads/outer/inner master &&
+
+	# do not rely on symbolic-ref to get a known state,
+	# as it may use the same code we are testing
+	reset_to_df () {
+		echo "ref: refs/heads/outer" >.git/HEAD
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout away from d/f HEAD (unpacked, to branch)' '
+	reset_to_df &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout away from d/f HEAD (unpacked, to detached)' '
+	reset_to_df &&
+	git checkout --detach master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all --prune
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout away from d/f HEAD (packed, to branch)' '
+	reset_to_df &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout away from d/f HEAD (packed, to detached)' '
+	reset_to_df &&
+	git checkout --detach master
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
index b44de9dc62..e7ba8c505f 100755
--- a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
+++ b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
@@ -116,4 +116,38 @@ test_expect_success 'master...' '
 	test "z$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "z$(git rev-parse --verify master^)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase A' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase A B' '
+	git branch moodle master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master moodle &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase -i A' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase -i master &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase -i A B' '
+	git branch foodle master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master foodle &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
index 70edbb33e2..6847f75822 100755
--- a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='checkout can handle submodules'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	mkdir submodule &&
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success '"reset <submodule>" updates the index' '
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
+	git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git reset submodule &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
@@ -62,4 +63,8 @@ test_expect_success '"checkout <submodule>" honors submodule.*.ignore from .git/
 	! test -s actual
 '
 
+test_submodule_switch "git checkout"
+
+test_submodule_forced_switch "git checkout -f"
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh b/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh
index c551d39a66..37bdcedcc9 100755
--- a/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh
+++ b/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='checkout from unborn branch protects contents'
+test_description='checkout from unborn branch'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
@@ -37,4 +37,24 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout from unborn merges identical index contents' '
 	git checkout -b new origin
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checking out another branch from unborn state' '
+	git checkout --orphan newroot &&
+	git checkout -b anothername &&
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify refs/heads/newroot &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+	echo refs/heads/anothername >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checking out in a newly created repo' '
+	test_create_repo empty &&
+	(
+		cd empty &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git checkout &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh b/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
index 0e3b8582f2..655f278c5f 100755
--- a/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
+++ b/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
@@ -116,4 +116,10 @@ test_expect_success '--orphan refuses to switch if a merge is needed' '
 	git reset --hard
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cannot --detach on an unborn branch' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout --orphan new &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout --detach
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh b/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
index 068fba4c8e..5d68729d7a 100755
--- a/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
+++ b/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
@@ -11,14 +11,13 @@ check_not_detached () {
 	git symbolic-ref -q HEAD >/dev/null
 }
 
-ORPHAN_WARNING='you are leaving .* commit.*behind'
 PREV_HEAD_DESC='Previous HEAD position was'
 check_orphan_warning() {
-	test_i18ngrep "$ORPHAN_WARNING" "$1" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "you are leaving $2 behind" "$1" &&
 	test_i18ngrep ! "$PREV_HEAD_DESC" "$1"
 }
 check_no_orphan_warning() {
-	test_i18ngrep ! "$ORPHAN_WARNING" "$1" &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "you are leaving .* commit.*behind" "$1" &&
 	test_i18ngrep "$PREV_HEAD_DESC" "$1"
 }
 
@@ -110,12 +109,24 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout warns on orphan commits' '
 	git checkout --detach two &&
 	echo content >orphan &&
 	git add orphan &&
-	git commit -a -m orphan &&
+	git commit -a -m orphan1 &&
+	echo new content >orphan &&
+	git commit -a -m orphan2 &&
+	orphan2=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git checkout master 2>stderr
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout warns on orphan commits: output' '
-	check_orphan_warning stderr
+	check_orphan_warning stderr "2 commits"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout warns orphaning 1 of 2 commits' '
+	git checkout "$orphan2" &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ 2>stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout warns orphaning 1 of 2 commits: output' '
+	check_orphan_warning stderr "1 commit"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout does not warn leaving ref tip' '
@@ -140,6 +151,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout does not warn leaving reachable commit' '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Your branch is behind 'master' by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded.
+  (use "git pull" to update your local branch)
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'tracking count is accurate after orphan check' '
 	reset &&
@@ -148,7 +160,7 @@ test_expect_success 'tracking count is accurate after orphan check' '
 	git config branch.child.merge refs/heads/master &&
 	git checkout child^ &&
 	git checkout child >stdout &&
-	test_cmp expect stdout
+	test_i18ncmp expect stdout
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh b/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
index 5da63e9fa2..c2ada7de37 100755
--- a/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
@@ -29,21 +29,25 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
 	test -f a/b
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
 
 	rm -rf a/b &&	# cleanup if previous test failed
 	git checkout -f -b symlink start &&
 	rm -rf a/b &&
-	ln -s foo a/b &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo a/b &&
 	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
 
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
 	git commit -m "un-track the symlink" &&
-	test_must_fail git checkout start &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout start
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'the symlink remained' '
+
 	test -h a/b
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
index 56090d2eba..f46d0499bc 100755
--- a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
+++ b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
@@ -39,4 +39,43 @@ test_expect_success 'checking out paths out of a tree does not clobber unrelated
 	test_cmp expect.next2 dir/next2
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not touch unmerged entries matching $path but not in $tree' '
+	git checkout next &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	cat dir/common >expect.common &&
+	EMPTY_SHA1=$(git hash-object -w --stdin </dev/null) &&
+	git rm dir/next0 &&
+	cat >expect.next0 <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 1	dir/next0
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 2	dir/next0
+	EOF
+	git update-index --index-info <expect.next0 &&
+
+	git checkout master dir &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.common dir/common &&
+	test_path_is_file dir/master &&
+	git diff --exit-code master dir/master &&
+	git ls-files -s dir/next0 >actual.next0 &&
+	test_cmp expect.next0 actual.next0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not touch files that are already up-to-date' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo one >file1 &&
+	echo two >file2 &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	echo modified >file1 &&
+	test-chmtime =1000000000 file2 &&
+	git update-index -q --refresh &&
+	git checkout HEAD -- file1 file2 &&
+	echo one >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file1 &&
+	echo "1000000000	file2" >expect &&
+	test-chmtime -v +0 file2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..468a000e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout <branch>
+
+Ensures that checkout on an unborn branch does what the user expects'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Is the current branch "refs/heads/$1"?
+test_branch () {
+	printf "%s\n" "refs/heads/$1" >expect.HEAD &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual.HEAD &&
+	test_cmp expect.HEAD actual.HEAD
+}
+
+# Is branch "refs/heads/$1" set to pull from "$2/$3"?
+test_branch_upstream () {
+	printf "%s\n" "$2" "refs/heads/$3" >expect.upstream &&
+	{
+		git config "branch.$1.remote" &&
+		git config "branch.$1.merge"
+	} >actual.upstream &&
+	test_cmp expect.upstream actual.upstream
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit my_master &&
+	git init repo_a &&
+	(
+		cd repo_a &&
+		test_commit a_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit a_foo &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit a_bar
+	) &&
+	git init repo_b &&
+	(
+		cd repo_b &&
+		test_commit b_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit b_foo &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit b_baz
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_a repo_a &&
+	git remote add repo_b repo_b &&
+	git config remote.repo_b.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/other_b/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of non-existing branch fails' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D xyzzy &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout xyzzy &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/xyzzy &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D foo &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout foo &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	git checkout bar &&
+	test_branch bar &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/repo_a/bar HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream bar repo_a bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	git checkout baz &&
+	test_branch baz &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/other_b/baz HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream baz repo_b baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-guess suppresses branch auto-vivification' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout --no-guess bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup more remotes with unconventional refspecs' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	git init repo_c &&
+	(
+		cd repo_c &&
+		test_commit c_master &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit c_bar &&
+		git checkout -b spam &&
+		test_commit c_spam
+	) &&
+	git init repo_d &&
+	(
+		cd repo_d &&
+		test_commit d_master &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit d_baz &&
+		git checkout -b eggs &&
+		test_commit d_eggs
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_c repo_c &&
+	git config remote.repo_c.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/*" &&
+	git remote add repo_d repo_d &&
+	git config remote.repo_d.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/repo_d/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout baz &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/baz &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	git checkout spam &&
+	test_branch spam &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/spam HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream spam repo_c spam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #4' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D eggs &&
+
+	git checkout eggs &&
+	test_branch eggs &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/repo_d/eggs HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream eggs repo_d eggs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch with a file having the same name fails' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	>spam &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout spam &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/spam &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout <branch> -- succeeds, even if a file with the same name exists' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	>spam &&
+	git checkout spam -- &&
+	test_branch spam &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/spam HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream spam repo_c spam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'loosely defined local base branch is reported correctly' '
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch strict &&
+	git branch loose &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "a bit more" &&
+
+	test_config branch.strict.remote . &&
+	test_config branch.loose.remote . &&
+	test_config branch.strict.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	test_config branch.loose.merge master &&
+
+	git checkout strict | sed -e "s/strict/BRANCHNAME/g" >expect &&
+	git checkout loose | sed -e "s/loose/BRANCHNAME/g" >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2025-worktree-add.sh b/t/t2025-worktree-add.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4bcc335a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2025-worktree-add.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test git worktree add'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit init
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" an existing worktree' '
+	mkdir -p existing/subtree &&
+	test_must_fail git worktree add --detach existing master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" an existing empty worktree' '
+	mkdir existing_empty &&
+	git worktree add --detach existing_empty master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" using shorthand - fails when no previous branch' '
+	test_must_fail git worktree add existing_short -
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" using - shorthand' '
+	git checkout -b newbranch &&
+	echo hello >myworld &&
+	git add myworld &&
+	git commit -m myworld &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git worktree add short-hand - &&
+	echo refs/heads/newbranch >expect &&
+	git -C short-hand rev-parse --symbolic-full-name HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" refuses to checkout locked branch' '
+	test_must_fail git worktree add zere master &&
+	! test -d zere &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees/zere
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checking out paths not complaining about linked checkouts' '
+	(
+	cd existing_empty &&
+	echo dirty >>init.t &&
+	git checkout master -- init.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" worktree' '
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git worktree add --detach here master &&
+	(
+		cd here &&
+		test_cmp ../init.t init.t &&
+		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp ../expect actual &&
+		git fsck
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" worktree from a subdir' '
+	(
+		mkdir sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git worktree add --detach here master &&
+		cd here &&
+		test_cmp ../../init.t init.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" from a linked checkout' '
+	(
+		cd here &&
+		git worktree add --detach nested-here master &&
+		cd nested-here &&
+		git fsck
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" worktree creating new branch' '
+	git worktree add -b newmaster there master &&
+	(
+		cd there &&
+		test_cmp ../init.t init.t &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+		echo refs/heads/newmaster >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		git fsck
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'die the same branch is already checked out' '
+	(
+		cd here &&
+		test_must_fail git checkout newmaster
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'die the same branch is already checked out (symlink)' '
+	head=$(git -C there rev-parse --git-path HEAD) &&
+	ref=$(git -C there symbolic-ref HEAD) &&
+	rm "$head" &&
+	ln -s "$ref" "$head" &&
+	test_must_fail git -C here checkout newmaster
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not die the same branch is already checked out' '
+	(
+		cd here &&
+		git worktree add --force anothernewmaster newmaster
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not die on re-checking out current branch' '
+	(
+		cd there &&
+		git checkout newmaster
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" from a bare repo' '
+	(
+		git clone --bare . bare &&
+		cd bare &&
+		git worktree add -b bare-master ../there2 master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout from a bare repo without "add"' '
+	(
+		cd bare &&
+		test_must_fail git checkout master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with grafts' '
+	test_when_finished rm .git/info/grafts &&
+	test_commit abc &&
+	SHA1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_commit def &&
+	test_commit xyz &&
+	echo "$(git rev-parse HEAD) $SHA1" >.git/info/grafts &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	xyz
+	abc
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git worktree add --detach grafted master &&
+	git --git-dir=grafted/.git log --format=%s -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" from relative HEAD' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD~1 >expected &&
+	git worktree add relhead HEAD~1 &&
+	git -C relhead rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add -b" with <branch> omitted' '
+	git worktree add -b burble flornk &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD burble
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add --detach" with <branch> omitted' '
+	git worktree add --detach fishhook &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expected &&
+	git -C fishhook rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	test_must_fail git -C fishhook symbolic-ref HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" with <branch> omitted' '
+	git worktree add wiffle/bat &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD bat
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" auto-vivify does not clobber existing branch' '
+	test_commit c1 &&
+	test_commit c2 &&
+	git branch precious HEAD~1 &&
+	test_must_fail git worktree add precious &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD~1 precious &&
+	test_path_is_missing precious
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" no auto-vivify with --detach and <branch> omitted' '
+	git worktree add --detach mish/mash &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse mash -- &&
+	test_must_fail git -C mish/mash symbolic-ref HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" -b/-B mutually exclusive' '
+	test_must_fail git worktree add -b poodle -B poodle bamboo master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" -b/--detach mutually exclusive' '
+	test_must_fail git worktree add -b poodle --detach bamboo master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" -B/--detach mutually exclusive' '
+	test_must_fail git worktree add -B poodle --detach bamboo master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add -B" fails if the branch is checked out' '
+	git rev-parse newmaster >before &&
+	test_must_fail git worktree add -B newmaster bamboo master &&
+	git rev-parse newmaster >after &&
+	test_cmp before after
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add -B' '
+	git worktree add -B poodle bamboo2 master^ &&
+	git -C bamboo2 symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+	echo refs/heads/poodle >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	test_cmp_rev master^ poodle
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local clone from linked checkout' '
+	git clone --local here here-clone &&
+	( cd here-clone && git fsck )
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" worktree with --no-checkout' '
+	git worktree add --no-checkout -b swamp swamp &&
+	! test -e swamp/init.t &&
+	git -C swamp reset --hard &&
+	test_cmp init.t swamp/init.t
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"add" worktree with --checkout' '
+	git worktree add --checkout -b swmap2 swamp2 &&
+	test_cmp init.t swamp2/init.t
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put a worktree under rebase' '
+	git worktree add under-rebase &&
+	(
+		cd under-rebase &&
+		set_fake_editor &&
+		FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+		git worktree list | grep "under-rebase.*detached HEAD"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a worktree, checking out a rebased branch' '
+	test_must_fail git worktree add new-rebase under-rebase &&
+	! test -d new-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checking out a rebased branch from another worktree' '
+	git worktree add new-place &&
+	test_must_fail git -C new-place checkout under-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not allow to delete a branch under rebase' '
+	(
+		cd under-rebase &&
+		test_must_fail git branch -D under-rebase
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename a branch under rebase not allowed' '
+	test_must_fail git branch -M under-rebase rebase-with-new-name
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check out from current worktree branch ok' '
+	(
+		cd under-rebase &&
+		git checkout under-rebase &&
+		git checkout - &&
+		git rebase --abort
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout a branch under bisect' '
+	git worktree add under-bisect &&
+	(
+		cd under-bisect &&
+		git bisect start &&
+		git bisect bad &&
+		git bisect good HEAD~2 &&
+		git worktree list | grep "under-bisect.*detached HEAD" &&
+		test_must_fail git worktree add new-bisect under-bisect &&
+		! test -d new-bisect
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename a branch under bisect not allowed' '
+	test_must_fail git branch -M under-bisect bisect-with-new-name
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2026-worktree-prune.sh b/t/t2026-worktree-prune.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a0f1e3bb80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2026-worktree-prune.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='prune $GIT_DIR/worktrees'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success initialize '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'worktree prune on normal repo' '
+	git worktree prune &&
+	test_must_fail git worktree prune abc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune files inside $GIT_DIR/worktrees' '
+	mkdir .git/worktrees &&
+	: >.git/worktrees/abc &&
+	git worktree prune --verbose >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+Removing worktrees/abc: not a valid directory
+EOF
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual &&
+	! test -f .git/worktrees/abc &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune directories without gitdir' '
+	mkdir -p .git/worktrees/def/abc &&
+	: >.git/worktrees/def/def &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+Removing worktrees/def: gitdir file does not exist
+EOF
+	git worktree prune --verbose >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees/def &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees
+'
+
+test_expect_success SANITY 'prune directories with unreadable gitdir' '
+	mkdir -p .git/worktrees/def/abc &&
+	: >.git/worktrees/def/def &&
+	: >.git/worktrees/def/gitdir &&
+	chmod u-r .git/worktrees/def/gitdir &&
+	git worktree prune --verbose >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Removing worktrees/def: unable to read gitdir file" actual &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees/def &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune directories with invalid gitdir' '
+	mkdir -p .git/worktrees/def/abc &&
+	: >.git/worktrees/def/def &&
+	: >.git/worktrees/def/gitdir &&
+	git worktree prune --verbose >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Removing worktrees/def: invalid gitdir file" actual &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees/def &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune directories with gitdir pointing to nowhere' '
+	mkdir -p .git/worktrees/def/abc &&
+	: >.git/worktrees/def/def &&
+	echo "$(pwd)"/nowhere >.git/worktrees/def/gitdir &&
+	git worktree prune --verbose >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Removing worktrees/def: gitdir file points to non-existent location" actual &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees/def &&
+	! test -d .git/worktrees
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not prune locked checkout' '
+	test_when_finished rm -r .git/worktrees &&
+	mkdir -p .git/worktrees/ghi &&
+	: >.git/worktrees/ghi/locked &&
+	git worktree prune &&
+	test -d .git/worktrees/ghi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not prune recent checkouts' '
+	test_when_finished rm -r .git/worktrees &&
+	mkdir zz &&
+	mkdir -p .git/worktrees/jlm &&
+	echo "$(pwd)"/zz >.git/worktrees/jlm/gitdir &&
+	rmdir zz &&
+	git worktree prune --verbose --expire=2.days.ago &&
+	test -d .git/worktrees/jlm
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not prune proper checkouts' '
+	test_when_finished rm -r .git/worktrees &&
+	git worktree add --detach "$PWD/nop" master &&
+	git worktree prune &&
+	test -d .git/worktrees/nop
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2027-worktree-list.sh b/t/t2027-worktree-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1b1b65a6b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2027-worktree-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test git worktree list'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --git-common-dir on main worktree' '
+	git rev-parse --git-common-dir >actual &&
+	echo .git >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	git -C sub rev-parse --git-common-dir >actual2 &&
+	echo sub/.git >expected2 &&
+	test_cmp expected2 actual2
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"list" all worktrees from main' '
+	echo "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel) $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) [$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)]" >expect &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf here && git worktree prune" &&
+	git worktree add --detach here master &&
+	echo "$(git -C here rev-parse --show-toplevel) $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) (detached HEAD)" >>expect &&
+	git worktree list | sed "s/  */ /g" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"list" all worktrees from linked' '
+	echo "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel) $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) [$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)]" >expect &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf here && git worktree prune" &&
+	git worktree add --detach here master &&
+	echo "$(git -C here rev-parse --show-toplevel) $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) (detached HEAD)" >>expect &&
+	git -C here worktree list | sed "s/  */ /g" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"list" all worktrees --porcelain' '
+	echo "worktree $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" >expect &&
+	echo "HEAD $(git rev-parse HEAD)" >>expect &&
+	echo "branch $(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" >>expect &&
+	echo >>expect &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf here && git worktree prune" &&
+	git worktree add --detach here master &&
+	echo "worktree $(git -C here rev-parse --show-toplevel)" >>expect &&
+	echo "HEAD $(git rev-parse HEAD)" >>expect &&
+	echo "detached" >>expect &&
+	echo >>expect &&
+	git worktree list --porcelain >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bare repo setup' '
+	git init --bare bare1 &&
+	echo "data" >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m"File1: add data" &&
+	git push bare1 master &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"list" all worktrees from bare main' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf there && git -C bare1 worktree prune" &&
+	git -C bare1 worktree add --detach ../there master &&
+	echo "$(pwd)/bare1 (bare)" >expect &&
+	echo "$(git -C there rev-parse --show-toplevel) $(git -C there rev-parse --short HEAD) (detached HEAD)" >>expect &&
+	git -C bare1 worktree list | sed "s/  */ /g" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"list" all worktrees --porcelain from bare main' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf there && git -C bare1 worktree prune" &&
+	git -C bare1 worktree add --detach ../there master &&
+	echo "worktree $(pwd)/bare1" >expect &&
+	echo "bare" >>expect &&
+	echo >>expect &&
+	echo "worktree $(git -C there rev-parse --show-toplevel)" >>expect &&
+	echo "HEAD $(git -C there rev-parse HEAD)" >>expect &&
+	echo "detached" >>expect &&
+	echo >>expect &&
+	git -C bare1 worktree list --porcelain >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"list" all worktrees from linked with a bare main' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf there && git -C bare1 worktree prune" &&
+	git -C bare1 worktree add --detach ../there master &&
+	echo "$(pwd)/bare1 (bare)" >expect &&
+	echo "$(git -C there rev-parse --show-toplevel) $(git -C there rev-parse --short HEAD) (detached HEAD)" >>expect &&
+	git -C there worktree list | sed "s/  */ /g" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bare repo cleanup' '
+	rm -rf bare1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
index cb7effe0a3..309199bca2 100755
--- a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
+++ b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
@@ -44,14 +44,21 @@ prime_resolve_undo () {
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir fi &&
+	printf "a\0a" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit initial fi/le first &&
 	git branch side &&
 	git branch another &&
+	printf "a\0b" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit second fi/le second &&
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit third fi/le third &&
+	git branch add-add &&
 	git checkout another &&
 	test_commit fourth fi/le fourth &&
+	git checkout add-add &&
+	test_commit fifth add-differently &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
@@ -113,7 +120,7 @@ test_expect_success 'unmerge with plumbing' '
 	prime_resolve_undo &&
 	git update-index --unresolve fi/le &&
 	git ls-files -u >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 3
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere and rerere forget' '
@@ -167,4 +174,22 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere and rerere forget (subdirectory)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (binary)' '
+	git checkout -f side &&
+	printf "a\0c" >binary &&
+	git commit -a -m binary &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second &&
+	git rerere forget binary
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (add-add conflict)' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	echo master >add-differently &&
+	git add add-differently &&
+	git commit -m "add differently" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fifth &&
+	git rerere forget add-differently 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no remembered" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2102-update-index-symlinks.sh b/t/t2102-update-index-symlinks.sh
index 4d0d0a3515..22f2c730ae 100755
--- a/t/t2102-update-index-symlinks.sh
+++ b/t/t2102-update-index-symlinks.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ git update-index symlink'
 
 test_expect_success \
 'the index entry must still be a symbolic link' '
-case "`git ls-files --stage --cached symlink`" in
+case "$(git ls-files --stage --cached symlink)" in
 120000" "*symlink) echo pass;;
 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage --cached symlink; (exit 1);;
 esac'
diff --git a/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh b/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh
index 1d0879be06..cc830da58d 100755
--- a/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ test_description='skip-worktree bit test'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+sane_unset GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX
+
+test_set_index_version 3
+
 cat >expect.full <<EOF
 H 1
 H 2
diff --git a/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh b/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
index 809fafe208..dfe02f4818 100755
--- a/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index --nonsense fails' '
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index --nonsense dumps usage' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git update-index --nonsense 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index -h with corrupt index' '
@@ -26,7 +26,58 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index -h with corrupt index' '
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git update-index -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" broken/usage
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo complains of missing arguments' '
+	test_must_fail git update-index --cacheinfo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo does not accept blob null sha1' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git rev-parse :file >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --cacheinfo 100644 $_z40 file &&
+	git rev-parse :file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo does not accept gitlink null sha1' '
+	git init submodule &&
+	(cd submodule && test_commit foo) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	git rev-parse :submodule >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 $_z40 submodule &&
+	git rev-parse :submodule >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo mode,sha1,path (new syntax)' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git hash-object -w --stdin <file >expect &&
+
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 "$(cat expect)" file &&
+	git rev-parse :file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "100644,$(cat expect),elif" &&
+	git rev-parse :elif >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.lock files cleaned up' '
+	mkdir cleanup &&
+	(
+	cd cleanup &&
+	mkdir worktree &&
+	git init repo &&
+	cd repo &&
+	git config core.worktree ../../worktree &&
+	# --refresh triggers late setup_work_tree,
+	# active_cache_changed is zero, rollback_lock_file fails
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	! test -f .git/index.lock
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2200-add-update.sh b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
index 4cdebda6a5..314c73c5a7 100755
--- a/t/t2200-add-update.sh
+++ b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
@@ -80,11 +80,23 @@ test_expect_success 'change gets noticed' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'replace a file with a symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'non-qualified update in subdir updates from the root' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		echo even more >>sub2 &&
+		git --literal-pathspecs add -u &&
+		echo even more >>sub2 &&
+		git add -u
+	) &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git diff-files --name-only >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace a file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm foo &&
-	ln -s top foo &&
-	git add -u -- foo
+	test_ln_s_add top foo
 
 '
 
@@ -150,9 +162,9 @@ test_expect_success 'add -u resolves unmerged paths' '
 	echo 2 >path3 &&
 	echo 2 >path5 &&
 
-	# Explicit resolving by adding removed paths should fail
-	test_must_fail git add path4 &&
-	test_must_fail git add path6 &&
+	# Fail to explicitly resolve removed paths with "git add"
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path4 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path6 &&
 
 	# "add -u" should notice removals no matter what stages
 	# the index entries are in.
diff --git a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
index 6a8151064c..6a5a3166b1 100755
--- a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
+++ b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		echo expect
 		echo ignored
 	) >.gitignore &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs add --all &&
 	>will-remove &&
 	git add --all &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -41,4 +42,14 @@ test_expect_success 'git add --all' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'Just "git add" is a no-op' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo >will-remove &&
+	>will-not-be-added &&
+	git add &&
+	git diff-index --name-status --cached HEAD >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
index 58a329961e..2a4a749b4f 100755
--- a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
+++ b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ test_expect_success 'intent to add does not clobber existing paths' '
 	! grep "$empty" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cannot commit with i-t-a entry' '
+test_expect_success 'i-t-a entry is simply ignored' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -a -m initial &&
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -41,12 +41,14 @@ test_expect_success 'cannot commit with i-t-a entry' '
 	echo frotz >nitfol &&
 	git add rezrov &&
 	git add -N nitfol &&
-	test_must_fail git commit
+	git commit -m second &&
+	test $(git ls-tree HEAD -- nitfol | wc -l) = 0 &&
+	test $(git diff --name-only HEAD -- nitfol | wc -l) = 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'can commit with an unrelated i-t-a entry in index' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-	echo xyzzy >rezrov &&
+	echo bozbar >rezrov &&
 	echo frotz >nitfol &&
 	git add rezrov &&
 	git add -N nitfol &&
@@ -60,5 +62,25 @@ test_expect_success 'can "commit -a" with an i-t-a entry' '
 	git commit -a -m all
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cache-tree invalidates i-t-a paths' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	: >dir/foo &&
+	git add dir/foo &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+
+	: >dir/bar &&
+	git add -N dir/bar &&
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git write-tree >/dev/null &&
+
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
 
diff --git a/t/t2300-cd-to-toplevel.sh b/t/t2300-cd-to-toplevel.sh
index 9965bc5c92..cccd7d923a 100755
--- a/t/t2300-cd-to-toplevel.sh
+++ b/t/t2300-cd-to-toplevel.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ test_cd_to_toplevel () {
 	test_expect_success $3 "$2" '
 		(
 			cd '"'$1'"' &&
-			. "$(git --exec-path)"/git-sh-setup &&
+			PATH="$(git --exec-path):$PATH" &&
+			. git-sh-setup &&
 			cd_to_toplevel &&
 			[ "$(pwd -P)" = "$TOPLEVEL" ]
 		)
diff --git a/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh b/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh
index 88be904c09..c525656b2c 100755
--- a/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh
+++ b/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh
@@ -65,6 +65,13 @@ test_expect_success '--no-empty-directory hides empty directory' '
 	test_cmp expected3 output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --others handles non-submodule .git' '
+	mkdir not-a-submodule &&
+	echo foo >not-a-submodule/.git &&
+	git ls-files -o >output &&
+	test_cmp expected1 output
+'
+
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'ls-files --others with symlinked submodule' '
 	git init super &&
 	git init sub &&
diff --git a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
index c8fe978267..3fc484e8c3 100755
--- a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
+++ b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      test_cmp expect output'
 
 test_expect_success 'restore gitignore' '
-	git checkout $allignores &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits $allignores &&
 	rm .git/index
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ EOF
 
 git config core.excludesFile excludes-file
 
-git status | grep "^#	" > output
+git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status | grep "^#	" > output
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 #	.gitignore
@@ -175,6 +175,24 @@ test_expect_success 'negated exclude matches can override previous ones' '
 	grep "^a.1" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'excluded directory overrides content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="one" --exclude="!one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negated directory doesn'\''t affect content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="!one" --exclude="one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (setup)' '
 	mkdir -p top/l1/l2 &&
 	(
@@ -214,4 +232,77 @@ test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (l1)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored directory (setup)' '
+	rm top/l1/l2/l1 &&
+	rm top/l1/.gitignore
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored sub-directory (setup)' '
+	> top/l1/tracked &&
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git add -f l1/tracked
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored sub-directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/l2/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored sub-directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pattern matches prefix completely' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -i -o --exclude "/three/a.3[abc]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns' '
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+a.1
+one/a.1
+one/two/a.1
+three/a.1
+EOF
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "**/a.1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns and no slashes' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "one**a.1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh b/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
index 490e052875..9c7adbdbe1 100755
--- a/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ test_expect_success 'ls-files with nonexistent path' '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-files with nonsense option' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git ls-files --nonsense 2>actual &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-files -h in corrupt repository' '
@@ -33,7 +33,24 @@ test_expect_success 'ls-files -h in corrupt repository' '
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git ls-files -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files " broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files " broken/usage
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'ls-files with absolute paths to symlinks' '
+	mkdir subs &&
+	ln -s nosuch link &&
+	ln -s ../nosuch subs/link &&
+	git add link subs/link &&
+	git ls-files -s link subs/link >expect &&
+	git ls-files -s "$(pwd)/link" "$(pwd)/subs/link" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	(
+		cd subs &&
+		git ls-files -s link >../expect &&
+		git ls-files -s "$(pwd)/link" >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh b/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..202ad658b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='overly long paths'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	p=filefilefilefilefilefilefilefile &&
+	p=$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p &&
+	p=$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p &&
+
+	path_a=${p}_a &&
+	path_z=${p}_z &&
+
+	blob_a=$(echo frotz | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	blob_z=$(echo nitfol | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+
+	pat="100644 %s 0\t%s\n"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overly-long path by itself is not a problem' '
+	printf "$pat" "$blob_a" "$path_a" |
+	git update-index --add --index-info &&
+	echo "$path_a" >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overly-long path does not replace another by mistake' '
+	printf "$pat" "$blob_a" "$path_a" "$blob_z" "$path_z" |
+	git update-index --add --index-info &&
+	(
+		echo "$path_a"
+		echo "$path_z"
+	) >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
index 95671c2053..580e158f99 100755
--- a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
+++ b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ This test prepares the following in the cache:
     path1       - a symlink
     path2/file2 - a file in a directory
     path3/file3 - a file in a directory
+    pathx/ju    - a file in a directory
+    submod1/	- a submodule
+    submod2/	- another submodule
 
 and the following on the filesystem:
 
@@ -21,9 +24,12 @@ and the following on the filesystem:
     path4	- a file
     path5	- a symlink
     path6/file6 - a file in a directory
+    pathx/ju/nk - a file in a directory to be killed
+    submod1/	- a submodule (modified from the cache)
+    submod2/	- a submodule (matches the cache)
 
-git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem
-objects except path4, path5 and path6/file6 to be killed.
+git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem objects
+path0/*, path1/*, path2 and path3 to be killed.
 
 Also for modification test, the cache and working tree have:
 
@@ -33,75 +39,88 @@ Also for modification test, the cache and working tree have:
     path10	- a non-empty file, cache dirtied.
 
 We should report path0, path1, path2/file2, path3/file3, path7 and path8
-modified without reporting path9 and path10.
+modified without reporting path9 and path10.  submod1 is also modified.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-date >path0
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	ln -s xyzzy path1
-else
-	date > path1
-fi
-mkdir path2 path3
-date >path2/file2
-date >path3/file3
-: >path7
-date >path8
-: >path9
-date >path10
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index --add to add various paths.' \
-    "git update-index --add -- path0 path1 path?/file? path7 path8 path9 path10"
-
-rm -fr path? ;# leave path10 alone
-date >path2
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	ln -s frotz path3
-	ln -s nitfol path5
-else
-	date > path3
-	date > path5
-fi
-mkdir path0 path1 path6
-date >path0/file0
-date >path1/file1
-date >path6/file6
-date >path7
-: >path8
-: >path9
-touch path10
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' \
-    'git ls-files -k >.output'
-cat >.expected <<EOF
-path0/file0
-path1/file1
-path2
-path3
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files -k output.' \
-    'test_cmp .expected .output'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' \
-    'git ls-files -m >.output'
-cat >.expected <<EOF
-path0
-path1
-path2/file2
-path3/file3
-path7
-path8
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files -m output.' \
-    'test_cmp .expected .output'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index --add to add various paths.' '
+	date >path0 &&
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 path3 pathx &&
+	date >path2/file2 &&
+	date >path3/file3 &&
+	>pathx/ju &&
+	: >path7 &&
+	date >path8 &&
+	: >path9 &&
+	date >path10 &&
+	git update-index --add -- path0 path?/file? pathx/ju path7 path8 path9 path10 &&
+	git init submod1 &&
+	git -C submod1 commit --allow-empty -m "empty 1" &&
+	git init submod2 &&
+	git -C submod2 commit --allow-empty -m "empty 2" &&
+	git update-index --add submod[12] &&
+	(
+		cd submod1 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "empty 1 (updated)"
+	) &&
+	rm -fr path?	# leave path10 alone
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' '
+	date >path2 &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s frotz path3 &&
+		ln -s nitfol path5
+	else
+		date >path3 &&
+		date >path5
+	fi &&
+	mkdir -p path0 path1 path6 pathx/ju &&
+	date >path0/file0 &&
+	date >path1/file1 &&
+	date >path6/file6 &&
+	date >path7 &&
+	: >path8 &&
+	: >path9 &&
+	touch path10 &&
+	>pathx/ju/nk &&
+	cat >.expected <<-\EOF
+	path0/file0
+	path1/file1
+	path2
+	path3
+	pathx/ju/nk
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k output (w/o icase)' '
+	git ls-files -k >.output &&
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k output (w/ icase)' '
+	git -c core.ignorecase=true ls-files -k >.output &&
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' '
+	git ls-files -m >.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate git ls-files -m output.' '
+	cat >.expected <<-\EOF &&
+	path0
+	path1
+	path2/file2
+	path3/file3
+	path7
+	path8
+	pathx/ju
+	submod1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3020-ls-files-error-unmatch.sh b/t/t3020-ls-files-error-unmatch.sh
index ca01053bcc..124e73b8e6 100755
--- a/t/t3020-ls-files-error-unmatch.sh
+++ b/t/t3020-ls-files-error-unmatch.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     'test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo bar-does-not-match'
 
 test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files --error-unmatch should succeed eith matched paths.' \
+    'git ls-files --error-unmatch should succeed with matched paths.' \
     'git ls-files --error-unmatch foo bar'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
index a5e3da7e41..f7b0e599f1 100755
--- a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
+++ b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup 1' '
 	git branch submod &&
 	git branch copy &&
 	git branch rename &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-	then
-		git branch rename-ln
-	fi &&
+	git branch rename-ln &&
 
 	echo hello >>a &&
 	cp a d/e &&
@@ -260,16 +257,13 @@ test_expect_success 'setup 8' '
 	git add e &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "rename a->e" &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-	then
-		git checkout rename-ln &&
-		git mv a e &&
-		ln -s e a &&
-		git add a e &&
-		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e" &&
-		oln=`printf e | git hash-object --stdin`
-	fi
+	c7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git checkout rename-ln &&
+	git mv a e &&
+	test_ln_s_add e a &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e" &&
+	oln=$(printf e | git hash-object --stdin)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup 9' '
@@ -524,6 +518,52 @@ test_expect_success 'reset and bind merge' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive w/ empty work tree - ours has rename' '
+	(
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$PWD/ours-has-rename-work" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$PWD/ours-has-rename-index" &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		mkdir "$GIT_WORK_TREE" &&
+		git read-tree -i -m $c7 &&
+		git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh &&
+		git merge-recursive $c0 -- $c7 $c3 &&
+		git ls-files -s >actual-files
+	) 2>actual-err &&
+	>expected-err &&
+	cat >expected-files <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $o3 0	b/c
+	100644 $o0 0	c
+	100644 $o0 0	d/e
+	100644 $o0 0	e
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected-files actual-files &&
+	test_cmp expected-err actual-err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive w/ empty work tree - theirs has rename' '
+	(
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$PWD/theirs-has-rename-work" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$PWD/theirs-has-rename-index" &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		mkdir "$GIT_WORK_TREE" &&
+		git read-tree -i -m $c3 &&
+		git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh &&
+		git merge-recursive $c0 -- $c3 $c7 &&
+		git ls-files -s >actual-files
+	) 2>actual-err &&
+	>expected-err &&
+	cat >expected-files <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $o3 0	b/c
+	100644 $o0 0	c
+	100644 $o0 0	d/e
+	100644 $o0 0	e
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected-files actual-files &&
+	test_cmp expected-err actual-err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge removes empty directories' '
 
 	git reset --hard master &&
@@ -569,28 +609,55 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-recursive copy vs. rename' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
-
-		git checkout -f rename &&
-		git merge rename-ln &&
-		( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
-		(
-			echo "120000 blob $oln	a"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
-			echo "120000 $oln 0	a"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
-		) >expected &&
-		test_cmp expected actual
-	'
-fi
+test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
+
+	git checkout -f rename &&
+	git merge rename-ln &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "120000 blob $oln	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
+		echo "120000 $oln 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merging with triple rename across D/F conflict' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	git checkout -b main &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+
+	echo "just a file" >sub1 &&
+	mkdir -p sub2 &&
+	echo content1 >sub2/file1 &&
+	echo content2 >sub2/file2 &&
+	echo content3 >sub2/file3 &&
+	mkdir simple &&
+	echo base >simple/bar &&
+	git add -A &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+
+	git checkout -b other &&
+	echo more >>simple/bar &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m changesimplefile &&
 
+	git checkout main &&
+	git rm sub1 &&
+	git mv sub2 sub1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m changefiletodir &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge other
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh b/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
index 7f41607c56..e59b0a32d6 100755
--- a/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
+++ b/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repo with criss-cross history' '
 	do
 		echo $n > data/$n &&
 		n=$(($n+1)) ||
-		break
+		return 1
 	done &&
 
 	# check them in
diff --git a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-space-options.sh
index 2b17311cb0..b56180ee4a 100755
--- a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
+++ b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-space-options.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='merge-recursive options
+test_description='merge-recursive space options
 
 * [master] Clarify
  ! [remote] Remove cruft
@@ -14,7 +14,11 @@ test_description='merge-recursive options
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_have_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR && SED_OPTIONS=-b
-test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+if test_have_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
+then
+	GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+	export GREP_OPTIONS
+fi
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	conflict_hunks () {
diff --git a/t/t3033-merge-toplevel.sh b/t/t3033-merge-toplevel.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d314599428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3033-merge-toplevel.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='"git merge" top-level frontend'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+t3033_reset () {
+	git checkout -B master two &&
+	git branch -f left three &&
+	git branch -f right four
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit one &&
+	git branch left &&
+	git branch right &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	git checkout left &&
+	test_commit three &&
+	git checkout right &&
+	test_commit four &&
+	git checkout --orphan newroot &&
+	test_commit five &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+# Local branches
+
+test_expect_success 'merge an octopus into void' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git checkout --orphan test &&
+	git rm -fr . &&
+	test_must_fail git merge left right &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge an octopus, fast-forward (ff)' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git reset --hard one &&
+	git merge left right &&
+	# one is ancestor of three (left) and four (right)
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^3 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 HEAD^2 | sort >actual &&
+	git rev-parse three four | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge octopus, non-fast-forward (ff)' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git reset --hard one &&
+	git merge --no-ff left right &&
+	# one is ancestor of three (left) and four (right)
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^4 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 HEAD^2 HEAD^3 | sort >actual &&
+	git rev-parse one three four | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge octopus, fast-forward (does not ff)' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git merge left right &&
+	# two (master) is not an ancestor of three (left) and four (right)
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^4 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 HEAD^2 HEAD^3 | sort >actual &&
+	git rev-parse two three four | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge octopus, non-fast-forward' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git merge --no-ff left right &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^4 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 HEAD^2 HEAD^3 | sort >actual &&
+	git rev-parse two three four | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# The same set with FETCH_HEAD
+
+test_expect_success 'merge FETCH_HEAD octopus into void' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git checkout --orphan test &&
+	git rm -fr . &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+	test_must_fail git merge FETCH_HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge FETCH_HEAD octopus fast-forward (ff)' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git reset --hard one &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+	git merge FETCH_HEAD &&
+	# one is ancestor of three (left) and four (right)
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^3 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 HEAD^2 | sort >actual &&
+	git rev-parse three four | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge FETCH_HEAD octopus non-fast-forward (ff)' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git reset --hard one &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+	git merge --no-ff FETCH_HEAD &&
+	# one is ancestor of three (left) and four (right)
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^4 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 HEAD^2 HEAD^3 | sort >actual &&
+	git rev-parse one three four | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge FETCH_HEAD octopus fast-forward (does not ff)' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+	git merge FETCH_HEAD &&
+	# two (master) is not an ancestor of three (left) and four (right)
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^4 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 HEAD^2 HEAD^3 | sort >actual &&
+	git rev-parse two three four | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge FETCH_HEAD octopus non-fast-forward' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+	git merge --no-ff FETCH_HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^4 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 HEAD^2 HEAD^3 | sort >actual &&
+	git rev-parse two three four | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# two-project merge
+test_expect_success 'refuse two-project merge by default' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git reset --hard four &&
+	test_must_fail git merge five
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-project merge with --allow-unrelated-histories' '
+	t3033_reset &&
+	git reset --hard four &&
+	git merge --allow-unrelated-histories five &&
+	git diff --exit-code five
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3034-merge-recursive-rename-options.sh b/t/t3034-merge-recursive-rename-options.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b9c4028496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3034-merge-recursive-rename-options.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge-recursive rename options
+
+Test rename detection by examining rename/delete conflicts.
+
+* (HEAD -> rename) rename
+| * (master) delete
+|/
+* base
+
+git diff --name-status base master
+D	0-old
+D	1-old
+D	2-old
+D	3-old
+
+git diff --name-status -M01 base rename
+R025    0-old   0-new
+R050    1-old   1-new
+R075    2-old   2-new
+R100    3-old   3-new
+
+Actual similarity indices are parsed from diff output. We rely on the fact that
+they are rounded down (see, e.g., Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt, which
+mentions this in a different context).
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+get_expected_stages () {
+	git checkout rename -- $1-new &&
+	git ls-files --stage $1-new >expected-stages-undetected-$1 &&
+	sed "s/ 0	/ 2	/" <expected-stages-undetected-$1 \
+		>expected-stages-detected-$1 &&
+	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD
+}
+
+rename_detected () {
+	git ls-files --stage $1-old $1-new >stages-actual-$1 &&
+	test_cmp expected-stages-detected-$1 stages-actual-$1
+}
+
+rename_undetected () {
+	git ls-files --stage $1-old $1-new >stages-actual-$1 &&
+	test_cmp expected-stages-undetected-$1 stages-actual-$1
+}
+
+check_common () {
+	git ls-files --stage >stages-actual &&
+	test_line_count = 4 stages-actual
+}
+
+check_threshold_0 () {
+	check_common &&
+	rename_detected 0 &&
+	rename_detected 1 &&
+	rename_detected 2 &&
+	rename_detected 3
+}
+
+check_threshold_1 () {
+	check_common &&
+	rename_undetected 0 &&
+	rename_detected 1 &&
+	rename_detected 2 &&
+	rename_detected 3
+}
+
+check_threshold_2 () {
+	check_common &&
+	rename_undetected 0 &&
+	rename_undetected 1 &&
+	rename_detected 2 &&
+	rename_detected 3
+}
+
+check_exact_renames () {
+	check_common &&
+	rename_undetected 0 &&
+	rename_undetected 1 &&
+	rename_undetected 2 &&
+	rename_detected 3
+}
+
+check_no_renames () {
+	check_common &&
+	rename_undetected 0 &&
+	rename_undetected 1 &&
+	rename_undetected 2 &&
+	rename_undetected 3
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >3-old &&
+	33a
+	33b
+	33c
+	33d
+	EOF
+	sed s/33/22/ <3-old >2-old &&
+	sed s/33/11/ <3-old >1-old &&
+	sed s/33/00/ <3-old >0-old &&
+	git add [0-3]-old &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	git rm [0-3]-old &&
+	git commit -m delete &&
+	git checkout -b rename HEAD^ &&
+	cp 3-old 3-new &&
+	sed 1,1s/./x/ <2-old >2-new &&
+	sed 1,2s/./x/ <1-old >1-new &&
+	sed 1,3s/./x/ <0-old >0-new &&
+	git add [0-3]-new &&
+	git rm [0-3]-old &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	get_expected_stages 0 &&
+	get_expected_stages 1 &&
+	get_expected_stages 2 &&
+	get_expected_stages 3 &&
+	check_50="false" &&
+	tail="HEAD^ -- HEAD master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup thresholds' '
+	git diff --name-status -M01 HEAD^ HEAD >diff-output &&
+	test_debug "cat diff-output" &&
+	test_line_count = 4 diff-output &&
+	grep "R[0-9][0-9][0-9]	\([0-3]\)-old	\1-new" diff-output \
+		>grep-output &&
+	test_cmp diff-output grep-output &&
+	th0=$(sed -n "s/R\(...\)	0-old	0-new/\1/p" <diff-output) &&
+	th1=$(sed -n "s/R\(...\)	1-old	1-new/\1/p" <diff-output) &&
+	th2=$(sed -n "s/R\(...\)	2-old	2-new/\1/p" <diff-output) &&
+	th3=$(sed -n "s/R\(...\)	3-old	3-new/\1/p" <diff-output) &&
+	test "$th0" -lt "$th1" &&
+	test "$th1" -lt "$th2" &&
+	test "$th2" -lt "$th3" &&
+	test "$th3" = 100 &&
+	if test 50 -le "$th0"
+	then
+		check_50=check_threshold_0
+	elif test 50 -le "$th1"
+	then
+		check_50=check_threshold_1
+	elif test 50 -le "$th2"
+	then
+		check_50=check_threshold_2
+	fi &&
+	th0="$th0%" &&
+	th1="$th1%" &&
+	th2="$th2%" &&
+	th3="$th3%"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'assumption for tests: rename detection with diff' '
+	git diff --name-status -M$th0 --diff-filter=R HEAD^ HEAD \
+		>diff-output-0 &&
+	git diff --name-status -M$th1 --diff-filter=R HEAD^ HEAD \
+		>diff-output-1 &&
+	git diff --name-status -M$th2 --diff-filter=R HEAD^ HEAD \
+		>diff-output-2 &&
+	git diff --name-status -M100% --diff-filter=R HEAD^ HEAD \
+		>diff-output-3 &&
+	test_line_count = 4 diff-output-0 &&
+	test_line_count = 3 diff-output-1 &&
+	test_line_count = 2 diff-output-2 &&
+	test_line_count = 1 diff-output-3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default similarity threshold is 50%' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive $tail &&
+	$check_50
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'low rename threshold' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --find-renames=$th0 $tail &&
+	check_threshold_0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'medium rename threshold' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --find-renames=$th1 $tail &&
+	check_threshold_1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'high rename threshold' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --find-renames=$th2 $tail &&
+	check_threshold_2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exact renames only' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --find-renames=100% $tail &&
+	check_exact_renames
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename threshold is truncated' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --find-renames=200% $tail &&
+	check_exact_renames
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disabled rename detection' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --no-renames $tail &&
+	check_no_renames
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'last wins in --find-renames=<m> --find-renames=<n>' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive \
+		--find-renames=$th0 --find-renames=$th2 $tail &&
+	check_threshold_2
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--find-renames resets threshold' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive \
+		--find-renames=$th0 --find-renames $tail &&
+	$check_50
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'last wins in --no-renames --find-renames' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --no-renames --find-renames $tail &&
+	$check_50
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'last wins in --find-renames --no-renames' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --find-renames --no-renames $tail &&
+	check_no_renames
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'assumption for further tests: trivial merge succeeds' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached &&
+	git merge-recursive --find-renames=$th0 HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached &&
+	git merge-recursive --find-renames=$th2 HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached &&
+	git merge-recursive --find-renames=100% HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached &&
+	git merge-recursive --no-renames HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--find-renames rejects negative argument' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --find-renames=-25 \
+		HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--find-renames rejects non-numbers' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --find-renames=0xf \
+		HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename-threshold=<n> is a synonym for find-renames=<n>' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --rename-threshold=$th0 $tail &&
+	check_threshold_0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'last wins in --no-renames --rename-threshold=<n>' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --no-renames --rename-threshold=$th0 $tail &&
+	check_threshold_0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'last wins in --rename-threshold=<n> --no-renames' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git merge-recursive --rename-threshold=$th0 --no-renames $tail &&
+	check_no_renames
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rename-threshold=<n> rejects negative argument' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --rename-threshold=-25 \
+		HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rename-threshold=<n> rejects non-numbers' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive --rename-threshold=0xf \
+		HEAD -- HEAD HEAD &&
+	git diff --quiet --cached
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'last wins in --rename-threshold=<m> --find-renames=<n>' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive \
+		--rename-threshold=$th0 --find-renames=$th2 $tail &&
+	check_threshold_2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'last wins in --find-renames=<m> --rename-threshold=<n>' '
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-recursive \
+		--find-renames=$th2 --rename-threshold=$th0 $tail &&
+	check_threshold_0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh b/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
index 61c1f53d1b..44f378ce41 100755
--- a/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
@@ -18,22 +18,16 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	echo file >expected &&
 	mkdir sub &&
-	bad= &&
 	for n in 0 1 2 3 4 5
 	do
 		for m in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
 		do
 			num=00$n$m &&
 			>sub/file-$num &&
-			echo file-$num >>expected || {
-				bad=t
-				break
-			}
-		done && test -z "$bad" || {
-			bad=t
-			break
-		}
-	done && test -z "$bad" &&
+			echo file-$num >>expected ||
+			return 1
+		done
+	done &&
 	git add . &&
 	git commit -m "add a bunch of files" &&
 
diff --git a/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ef509df351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='wildmatch tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+match() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:     match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:  no match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+imatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch:    match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch: no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+pathmatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:     match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:  no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Basic wildmat features
+match 1 1 foo foo
+match 0 0 foo bar
+match 1 1 '' ""
+match 1 1 foo '???'
+match 0 0 foo '??'
+match 1 1 foo '*'
+match 1 1 foo 'f*'
+match 0 0 foo '*f'
+match 1 1 foo '*foo*'
+match 1 1 foobar '*ob*a*r*'
+match 1 1 aaaaaaabababab '*ab'
+match 1 1 'foo*' 'foo\*'
+match 0 0 foobar 'foo\*bar'
+match 1 1 'f\oo' 'f\\oo'
+match 1 1 ball '*[al]?'
+match 0 0 ten '[ten]'
+match 0 1 ten '**[!te]'
+match 0 0 ten '**[!ten]'
+match 1 1 ten 't[a-g]n'
+match 0 0 ten 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[^a-g]n'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]]b'
+match 1 x a-b 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]-]b'
+match 0 x aab 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x aab 'a[]a-]b'
+match 1 1 ']' ']'
+
+# Extended slash-matching features
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo*bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo**bar'
+match 0 1 'foobazbar' 'foo**bar'
+match 1 1 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo?bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo[/]bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 1 'foo-bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 0 'foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 x 'XXX/foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 0 'bar/baz/foo' '**/foo'
+match 0 0 'bar/baz/foo' '*/foo'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz' '**/bar/*'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar**'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '**/bar/*/*'
+
+# Various additional tests
+match 0 0 'acrt' 'a[c-c]st'
+match 1 1 'acrt' 'a[c-c]rt'
+match 0 0 ']' '[!]-]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!]-]'
+match 0 0 '' '\'
+match 0 x '\' '\'
+match 0 x 'XXX/\' '*/\'
+match 1 x 'XXX/\' '*/\\'
+match 1 1 'foo' 'foo'
+match 1 1 '@foo' '@foo'
+match 0 0 'foo' '@foo'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '\[ab]'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '[[]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:]ab]'
+match 0 x '[ab]' '[[::]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:digit]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[\[:]ab]'
+match 1 1 '?a?b' '\??\?b'
+match 1 1 'abc' '\a\b\c'
+match 0 0 'foo' ''
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/to' '**/t[o]'
+
+# Character class tests
+match 1 x 'a1B' '[[:alpha:]][[:digit:]][[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:spaci:]]'
+match 1 x ' ' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '.' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[[:digit:][:punct:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'f' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'D' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[^[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:lower:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'b' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'y' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 0 x 'q' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+
+# Additional tests, including some malformed wildmats
+match 1 x ']' '[\\-^]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[\\-^]'
+match 1 x '-' '[\-_]'
+match 1 x ']' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\]' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 'ab' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'a[]b' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'ab[' 'ab['
+match 0 0 'ab' '[!'
+match 0 0 'ab' '[-'
+match 1 1 '-' '[-]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[a-'
+match 0 0 '-' '[!a-'
+match 1 x '-' '[--A]'
+match 1 x '5' '[--A]'
+match 1 1 ' ' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '$' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[ --]'
+match 0 0 '0' '[ --]'
+match 1 x '-' '[---]'
+match 1 x '-' '[------]'
+match 0 0 'j' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x '-' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!------]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[]-a]'
+match 1 x '^' '[]-a]'
+match 0 0 '^' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 x '[' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 1 '^' '[a^bc]'
+match 1 x '-b]' '[a-]b]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[!\\]'
+match 1 1 'G' '[A-\\]'
+match 0 0 'aaabbb' 'b*a'
+match 0 0 'aabcaa' '*ba*'
+match 1 1 ',' '[,]'
+match 1 1 ',' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '+' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '-.]' '[,-.]'
+match 1 1 '2' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '3' '[\1-\3]'
+match 0 0 '4' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 '[' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 ']' '[[-\]]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[[-\]]'
+
+# Test recursion and the abort code (use "wildtest -i" to see iteration counts)
+match 1 1 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-X-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-/-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 1 1 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/m/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 0 0 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/X/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 1 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txt' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txtz' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 x foo '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bar '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bb/aa/rr '**/**/**'
+match 1 x abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+match 0 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*X*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '**/*X*/**/*i'
+
+pathmatch 1 foo foo
+pathmatch 0 foo fo
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar foo/bar
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*arr'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**arr'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*z'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**z'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo?bar'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo[/]bar'
+pathmatch 0 foo '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bar '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*Xg*i'
+
+# Case-sensitivy features
+match 0 x 'a' '[A-Z]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[A-Z]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[a-z]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[a-z]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-Za]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-Za]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-a]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-a]'
+match 0 x 'z' '[Z-y]'
+match 1 x 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+imatch 1 'a' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'z' '[Z-y]'
+imatch 1 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
index 81d90b66c5..325114f8fe 100755
--- a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
+++ b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
@@ -22,25 +22,13 @@ test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
     'mkdir path2 path2/baz &&
      echo Hi >path0 &&
-     if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-     then
-	ln -s path0 path1 &&
-	ln -s ../path1 path2/bazbo
-	make_expected () {
-		cat >expected
-	}
-     else
-	printf path0 > path1 &&
-	printf ../path1 > path2/bazbo
-	make_expected () {
-		sed -e "s/120000 /100644 /" >expected
-	}
-     fi &&
+     test_ln_s_add path0 path1 &&
+     test_ln_s_add ../path1 path2/bazbo &&
      echo Lo >path2/foo &&
      echo Mi >path2/baz/b &&
      find path? \( -type f -o -type l \) -print |
      xargs git update-index --add &&
-     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo $tree'
 
 test_output () {
@@ -51,7 +39,7 @@ test_output () {
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree plain' \
     'git ls-tree $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 040000 tree X	path2
@@ -61,7 +49,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive' \
     'git ls-tree -r $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 100644 blob X	path2/baz/b
@@ -73,7 +61,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive with -t' \
     'git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 040000 tree X	path2
@@ -87,7 +75,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive with -d' \
     'git ls-tree -r -d $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 EOF
@@ -96,7 +84,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
@@ -106,7 +94,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path1 path0' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path1 path0 >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 EOF
@@ -115,7 +103,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path0/' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path0/ >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
@@ -124,7 +112,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2 >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -133,7 +121,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/ >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
 100644 blob X	path2/foo
@@ -145,7 +133,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/baz' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -153,14 +141,14 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/bak' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/bak >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree -t filtered with path2/bak' \
     'git ls-tree -t $tree path2/bak >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -168,7 +156,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree with one path a prefix of the other' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz path2/bazbo >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
 EOF
diff --git a/t/t3101-ls-tree-dirname.sh b/t/t3101-ls-tree-dirname.sh
index 026f9f89d9..425d858938 100755
--- a/t/t3101-ls-tree-dirname.sh
+++ b/t/t3101-ls-tree-dirname.sh
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	echo 222 >path3/2.txt &&
 	find *.txt path* \( -type f -o -type l \) -print |
 	xargs git update-index --add &&
-	tree=`git write-tree` &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo $tree
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3102-ls-tree-wildcards.sh b/t/t3102-ls-tree-wildcards.sh
index c286854485..4d4b02e760 100755
--- a/t/t3102-ls-tree-wildcards.sh
+++ b/t/t3102-ls-tree-wildcards.sh
@@ -12,11 +12,25 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-tree a[a] matches literally' '
-	cat >expected <<EOF &&
-100644 blob e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391	a[a]/three
-EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391	a[a]/three
+	EOF
 	git ls-tree -r HEAD "a[a]" >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree outside prefix' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391	../a[a]/three
+	EOF
+	( cd aa && git ls-tree -r HEAD "../a[a]"; ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'ls-tree does not yet support negated pathspec' '
+	git ls-files ":(exclude)a" "a*" >expect &&
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD ":(exclude)a" "a*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3200-branch.sh b/t/t3200-branch.sh
index ea82424e47..f3e3b6cf2e 100755
--- a/t/t3200-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@@ -3,27 +3,23 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Amos Waterland
 #
 
-test_description='git branch --foo should not create bogus branch
+test_description='git branch assorted tests'
 
-This test runs git branch --help and checks that the argument is properly
-handled.  Specifically, that a bogus branch is not created.
-'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare a trivial repository' \
-    'echo Hello > A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
-     echo World >> A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Second commit." &&
-     HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
+test_expect_success 'prepare a trivial repository' '
+	echo Hello >A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
+	echo World >>A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Second commit." &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
-     test_might_fail git branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &&
-     test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
+test_expect_success 'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
+	test_might_fail git branch --man --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
@@ -34,69 +30,87 @@ test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
 		>.git/refs/heads/master &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git branch -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch abc should create a branch' \
-    'git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc'
+test_expect_success 'git branch abc should create a branch' '
+	git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' '
+	git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' \
-    'git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c'
+test_expect_success 'git branch HEAD should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git branch HEAD
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git branch -l d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' \
-	'git branch -d d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' \
-       'git branch j &&
-        git branch -d j &&
-        git branch j/k'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' \
-       'git branch l/m &&
-        git branch -d l/m &&
-        git branch l'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m dumps usage' \
-       'test_expect_code 129 git branch -m 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git branch" err'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m m m/m should work' \
-       'git branch -l m &&
-        git branch -m m m/m &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m n/n n should work' \
-       'git branch -l n/n &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git branch -l d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' '
+	git branch -d d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_must_fail git reflog exists refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' '
+	git branch j &&
+	git branch -d j &&
+	git branch j/k
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' '
+	git branch l/m &&
+	git branch -d l/m &&
+	git branch l
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m dumps usage' '
+	test_expect_code 128 git branch -m 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "branch name required" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m m m/m should work' '
+	git branch -l m &&
+	git branch -m m m/m &&
+	git reflog exists refs/heads/m/m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m n/n n should work' '
+	git branch -l n/n &&
 	git branch -m n/n n &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n'
+	git reflog exists refs/heads/n
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m o/o o should fail when o/p exists' '
 	git branch o/o &&
-        git branch o/p &&
+	git branch o/p &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m o/o o
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m o/q o/p should fail when o/p exists' '
+	git branch o/q &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m o/q o/p
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -M o/q o/p should work when o/p exists' '
+	git branch -M o/q o/p
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m -f o/q o/p should work when o/p exists' '
+	git branch o/q &&
+	git branch -m -f o/q o/p
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m q r/q should fail when r exists' '
 	git branch q &&
 	git branch r &&
@@ -112,7 +126,28 @@ test_expect_success 'git branch -M foo bar should fail when bar is checked out'
 test_expect_success 'git branch -M baz bam should succeed when baz is checked out' '
 	git checkout -b baz &&
 	git branch bam &&
-	git branch -M baz bam
+	git branch -M baz bam &&
+	test $(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD) = bam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -M baz bam should succeed when baz is checked out as linked working tree' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git worktree add -b baz bazdir &&
+	git worktree add -f bazdir2 baz &&
+	git branch -M baz bam &&
+	test $(git -C bazdir rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD) = bam &&
+	test $(git -C bazdir2 rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD) = bam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -M baz bam should succeed within a worktree in which baz is checked out' '
+	git checkout -b baz &&
+	git worktree add -f bazdir3 baz &&
+	(
+		cd bazdir3 &&
+		git branch -M baz bam &&
+		test $(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD) = bam
+	) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD) = bam
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git branch -M master should work when master is checked out' '
@@ -163,6 +198,83 @@ test_expect_success 'git branch --list -d t should fail' '
 	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/t
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git branch --column' '
+	COLUMNS=81 git branch --column=column >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+  a/b/c     bam       foo       l       * master    n         o/p       r
+  abc       bar       j/k       m/m       master2   o/o       q
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch --column with an extremely long branch name' '
+	long=this/is/a/part/of/long/branch/name &&
+	long=z$long/$long/$long/$long &&
+	test_when_finished "git branch -d $long" &&
+	git branch $long &&
+	COLUMNS=80 git branch --column=column >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+  a/b/c
+  abc
+  bam
+  bar
+  foo
+  j/k
+  l
+  m/m
+* master
+  master2
+  n
+  o/o
+  o/p
+  q
+  r
+  $long
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch with column.*' '
+	git config column.ui column &&
+	git config column.branch "dense" &&
+	COLUMNS=80 git branch >actual &&
+	git config --unset column.branch &&
+	git config --unset column.ui &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+  a/b/c   bam   foo   l   * master    n     o/p   r
+  abc     bar   j/k   m/m   master2   o/o   q
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch --column -v should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --column -v
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -v with column.ui ignored' '
+	git config column.ui column &&
+	COLUMNS=80 git branch -v | cut -c -10 | sed "s/ *$//" >actual &&
+	git config --unset column.ui &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+  a/b/c
+  abc
+  bam
+  bar
+  foo
+  j/k
+  l
+  m/m
+* master
+  master2
+  n
+  o/o
+  o/p
+  q
+  r
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 mv .git/config .git/config-saved
 
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m q q2 without config should succeed' '
@@ -174,22 +286,50 @@ mv .git/config-saved .git/config
 
 git config branch.s/s.dummy Hello
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' \
-       'git branch -l s/s &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/s &&
-        git branch -l s/t &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/t &&
-        git branch -d s/t &&
-        git branch -m s/s s &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' '
+	git branch -l s/s &&
+	git reflog exists refs/heads/s/s &&
+	git branch -l s/t &&
+	git reflog exists refs/heads/s/t &&
+	git branch -d s/t &&
+	git branch -m s/s s &&
+	git reflog exists refs/heads/s
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' '
+	test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting a symref' '
+	git branch target &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/symref refs/heads/target &&
+	echo "Deleted branch symref (was refs/heads/target)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d symref >actual &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/target &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/symref &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' \
-	"test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
-	 test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy"
+test_expect_success 'deleting a dangling symref' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/dangling-symref nowhere &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/dangling-symref &&
+	echo "Deleted branch dangling-symref (was nowhere)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d dangling-symref >actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/dangling-symref &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
+test_expect_success 'deleting a self-referential symref' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/self-reference refs/heads/self-reference &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/self-reference &&
+	echo "Deleted branch self-reference (was refs/heads/self-reference)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d self-reference >actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/self-reference &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' '
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 refs/heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m master2 master3 &&
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 &&
@@ -197,115 +337,261 @@ test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
 	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/master3
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
-     git branch -l u &&
-     mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
-     ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
-     test_must_fail git branch -m u v
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my1 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my4 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, not matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my5 local/master &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch my3 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git branch my6 s &&
-     git config branch.automsetupmerge false &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o'
-
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' \
-    'git branch -d my7 &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' \
-    'git branch my7 s &&
-     sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
-     echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
-     git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
-     test_i18ncmp expect actual'
-
-test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' \
-    'git branch --track my8 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
-     git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' \
-    'test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' \
-    'git tag foobar &&
-     test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
+	git branch -l u &&
+	mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
+	ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m u v
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my1 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my4 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tracking setup fails on non-matching refspec' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my5 local/master &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch my3 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git branch my6 s &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' '
+	git branch -d my7 &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' '
+	git branch my7 s &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
+	echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting currently checked out branch fails' '
+	git worktree add -b my7 my7 &&
+	test_must_fail git -C my7 branch -d my7 &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -d my7
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' '
+	git branch --track my8 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
+	git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' '
+	git tag foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing dst branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master does-not-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing src branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to does-not-exist master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a non-ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to HEAD^{}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on locked config' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/config.lock" &&
+	>.git/config.lock &&
+	git branch locked &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to locked
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify HEAD' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch my12 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my12 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.merge)" = "refs/heads/my12"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify a particular branch' '
+	git branch my13 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my13 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.merge)" = "refs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail if given a non-existent branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream i-dont-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail if config is locked' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/config.lock" &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to locked &&
+	>.git/config.lock &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on HEAD' '
+	git branch my14 &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.merge &&
+	# fail for a branch without upstream set
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on a particular branch' '
+	git branch my15 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream my14 &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream shows message when creating a new branch that exists as remote-tracking' '
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master HEAD &&
+	git branch --set-upstream origin/master 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git update-ref -d refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -d origin/master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+
+If you wanted to make '"'master'"' track '"'origin/master'"', do this:
+
+    git branch -d origin/master
+    git branch --set-upstream-to origin/master
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with two args only shows the deprecation message' '
+	git branch --set-upstream master my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with one arg only shows the deprecation message if the branch existed' '
+	git branch --set-upstream my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream my13 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to notices an error to set branch as own upstream' '
+	git branch --set-upstream-to refs/heads/my13 my13 2>actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	warning: Not setting branch my13 as its own upstream.
+	EOF
+	test_expect_code 1 git config branch.my13.remote &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git config branch.my13.merge &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
 
 # Keep this test last, as it changes the current branch
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i'
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout -b makes reflog by default' '
 	git checkout master &&
@@ -334,7 +620,7 @@ test_expect_success 'avoid ambiguous track' '
 	git config remote.ambi1.fetch refs/heads/lalala:refs/heads/master &&
 	git config remote.ambi2.url lilili &&
 	git config remote.ambi2.fetch refs/heads/lilili:refs/heads/master &&
-	git branch all1 master &&
+	test_must_fail git branch all1 master &&
 	test -z "$(git config branch.all1.merge)"
 '
 
@@ -576,7 +862,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (bad value)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (no value)' '
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase &&
-	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >> .git/config &&
+	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >>.git/config &&
 	test_must_fail git branch &&
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase
 '
@@ -620,4 +906,71 @@ test_expect_success 'use set-upstream on the current branch' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'use --edit-description' '
+	write_script editor <<-\EOF &&
+		echo "New contents" >"$1"
+	EOF
+	EDITOR=./editor git branch --edit-description &&
+		write_script editor <<-\EOF &&
+		git stripspace -s <"$1" >"EDITOR_OUTPUT"
+	EOF
+	EDITOR=./editor git branch --edit-description &&
+	echo "New contents" >expect &&
+	test_cmp EDITOR_OUTPUT expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect typo in branch name when using --edit-description' '
+	write_script editor <<-\EOF &&
+		echo "New contents" >"$1"
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./editor git branch --edit-description no-such-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refuse --edit-description on unborn branch for now' '
+	write_script editor <<-\EOF &&
+		echo "New contents" >"$1"
+	EOF
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./editor git branch --edit-description
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--merged catches invalid object names' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --merged 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tracking with unexpected .fetch refspec' '
+	rm -rf a b c d &&
+	git init a &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_commit a
+	) &&
+	git init b &&
+	(
+		cd b &&
+		test_commit b
+	) &&
+	git init c &&
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		test_commit c &&
+		git remote add a ../a &&
+		git remote add b ../b &&
+		git fetch --all
+	) &&
+	git init d &&
+	(
+		cd d &&
+		git remote add c ../c &&
+		git config remote.c.fetch "+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*" &&
+		git fetch c &&
+		git branch --track local/a/master remotes/a/master &&
+		test "$(git config branch.local/a/master.remote)" = "c" &&
+		test "$(git config branch.local/a/master.merge)" = "refs/remotes/a/master" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify a >expect &&
+		git rev-parse --verify local/a/master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
index f86f4bc5eb..912a6635a8 100755
--- a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
+++ b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains=side' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --contains=master master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 	git branch --merged >actual &&
@@ -66,6 +76,16 @@ test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --merged=side master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --no-merged' '
 
 	git branch --no-merged >actual &&
@@ -95,4 +115,48 @@ test_expect_success 'master: branch --no-merged' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --no-merged=master master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'implicit --list conflicts with modification options' '
+
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -d &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -m foo
+
+'
+
+# We want to set up a case where the walk for the tracking info
+# of one branch crosses the tip of another branch (and make sure
+# that the latter walk does not mess up our flag to see if it was
+# merged).
+#
+# Here "topic" tracks "master" with one extra commit, and "zzz" points to the
+# same tip as master The name "zzz" must come alphabetically after "topic"
+# as we process them in that order.
+test_expect_success 'branch --merged with --verbose' '
+	git branch --track topic master &&
+	git branch zzz topic &&
+	git checkout topic &&
+	test_commit foo &&
+	git branch --merged topic >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	  master
+	* topic
+	  zzz
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git branch --verbose --merged topic >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	  master c77a0a9 second on master
+	* topic  2c939f4 [ahead 1] foo
+	  zzz    c77a0a9 second on master
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh b/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh
index 0a5d5e669f..6adf47869c 100755
--- a/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh
+++ b/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 		> file$i &&
 		git add file$i &&
 		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m branch$i || break
+		git commit -m branch$i || return 1
 	done
 
 '
diff --git a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
index 76fe7e0060..c6a3ccba1b 100755
--- a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
+++ b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
@@ -94,16 +94,106 @@ test_expect_success 'git branch -v pattern does not show branch summaries' '
 	test_must_fail git branch -v branch*
 '
 
-cat >expect <<'EOF'
-* (no branch)
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached at $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^0))
   branch-one
   branch-two
   master
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git branch >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly after checkout --detach' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached at $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^0))
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+  master
+EOF
+	git checkout --detach &&
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly after moving' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached from $(git rev-parse --short HEAD))
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+  master
+EOF
+	git reset --hard HEAD^1 &&
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly from tag' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached at fromtag)
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+  master
+EOF
+	git tag fromtag master &&
+	git checkout fromtag &&
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly after moving from tag' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached from fromtag)
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+  master
+EOF
+	git reset --hard HEAD^1 &&
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch `--sort` option' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	* (HEAD detached from fromtag)
+	  branch-two
+	  branch-one
+	  master
+	EOF
+	git branch --sort=objectsize >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch --points-at option' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	  branch-one
+	  master
+	EOF
+	git branch --points-at=branch-one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous branch/tag not marked' '
+	git tag ambiguous &&
+	git branch ambiguous &&
+	echo "  ambiguous" >expect &&
+	git branch --list ambiguous >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local-branch symrefs shortened properly' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/ref-to-branch refs/heads/branch-one &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/ref-to-remote refs/remotes/origin/branch-one &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	  ref-to-branch -> branch-one
+	  ref-to-remote -> refs/remotes/origin/branch-one
+	EOF
+	git branch >actual.raw &&
+	grep ref-to <actual.raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
index cd04361df8..9b182a0c32 100755
--- a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ semantic is still the same.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-echo '[core] logallrefupdates = true' >>.git/config
+test_expect_success 'enable reflogs' '
+	git config core.logallrefupdates true
+'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare a trivial repository' \
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ SHA1=
 test_expect_success \
     'see if git show-ref works as expected' \
     'git branch a &&
-     SHA1=`cat .git/refs/heads/a` &&
+     SHA1=$(cat .git/refs/heads/a) &&
      echo "$SHA1 refs/heads/a" >expect &&
      git show-ref a >result &&
      test_cmp expect result'
@@ -118,4 +120,95 @@ test_expect_success 'pack, prune and repack' '
 	test_cmp all-of-them again
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'explicit pack-refs with dangling packed reference' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "soon to be garbage-collected" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git pack-refs --all 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete ref with dangling packed version' '
+	git checkout -b lamb &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "future garbage" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git branch -d lamb 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete ref while another dangling packed ref' '
+	git branch lamb &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "future garbage" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git branch -d lamb 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack ref directly below refs/' '
+	git update-ref refs/top HEAD &&
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	grep refs/top .git/packed-refs &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/top
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not pack ref in refs/bisect' '
+	git update-ref refs/bisect/local HEAD &&
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	! grep refs/bisect/local .git/packed-refs >/dev/null &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/bisect/local
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable reflogs' '
+	git config core.logallrefupdates false &&
+	rm -rf .git/logs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create packed foo/bar/baz branch' '
+	git branch foo/bar/baz &&
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/foo/bar/baz &&
+	test_must_fail git reflog exists refs/heads/foo/bar/baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notice d/f conflict with existing directory' '
+	test_must_fail git branch foo &&
+	test_must_fail git branch foo/bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'existing directory reports concrete ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch foo 2>stderr &&
+	grep refs/heads/foo/bar/baz stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notice d/f conflict with existing ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch foo/bar/baz/extra &&
+	test_must_fail git branch foo/bar/baz/lots/of/extra/components
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'timeout if packed-refs.lock exists' '
+	LOCK=.git/packed-refs.lock &&
+	>"$LOCK" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $LOCK" &&
+	test_must_fail git pack-refs --all --prune
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'retry acquiring packed-refs.lock' '
+	LOCK=.git/packed-refs.lock &&
+	>"$LOCK" &&
+	test_when_finished "wait; rm -f $LOCK" &&
+	{
+		( sleep 1 ; rm -f $LOCK ) &
+	} &&
+	git -c core.packedrefstimeout=3000 pack-refs --all --prune
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3b7caca421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests for the peel_ref optimization of packed-refs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag in refs/tags' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	git tag -m annotated foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag outside of refs/tags' '
+	git update-ref refs/outside/foo refs/tags/foo
+'
+
+# This matches show-ref's output
+print_ref() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse "$1") $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'set up expected show-ref output' '
+	{
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo^{}" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo^{}"
+	} >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (loose)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (packed)' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create old-style pack-refs without fully-peeled' '
+	# Git no longer writes without fully-peeled, so we just write our own
+	# from scratch; we could also munge the existing file to remove the
+	# fully-peeled bits, but that seems even more prone to failure,
+	# especially if the format ever changes again. At least this way we
+	# know we are emulating exactly what an older git would have written.
+	{
+		echo "# pack-refs with: peeled " &&
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		echo "^$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/foo^{}")"
+	} >tmp &&
+	mv tmp .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (old packed)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'peeled refs survive deletion of packed ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	cp .git/packed-refs fully-peeled &&
+	git branch yadda &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git branch -d yadda &&
+	test_cmp fully-peeled .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
index 5e29a05259..04de03cad0 100755
--- a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
+++ b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
@@ -11,188 +11,207 @@ tree, index, and tree objects.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+HT='	'
+
+test_have_prereq MINGW ||
+echo 2>/dev/null > "Name with an${HT}HT"
+if ! test -f "Name with an${HT}HT"
+then
+	# since FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames, skip this test
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
+fi
+
 p0='no-funny'
 p1='tabs	," (dq) and spaces'
 p2='just space'
 
-cat >"$p0" <<\EOF
-1. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
-2. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
-3. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >"$p0" <<-\EOF &&
+	1. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+	2. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+	3. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+	EOF
 
-cat 2>/dev/null >"$p1" "$p0"
-echo 'Foo Bar Baz' >"$p2"
+	{ cat "$p0" >"$p1" || :; } &&
+	{ echo "Foo Bar Baz" >"$p2" || :; }
+'
 
-if test -f "$p1" && cmp "$p0" "$p1"
-then
-    test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
-else
-	# since FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames, skip this test
-	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-fi
+test_expect_success 'setup: populate index and tree' '
+	git update-index --add "$p0" "$p2" &&
+	t0=$(git write-tree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files prints space in filename verbatim' '
+	printf "%s\n" "just space" no-funny >expected &&
+	git ls-files >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' "
-echo 'just space
-no-funny' >expected
-"
+test_expect_success 'setup: add funny filename' '
+	git update-index --add "$p1" &&
+	t1=$(git write-tree)
+'
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git ls-files no-funny' \
-	'git update-index --add "$p0" "$p2" &&
+test_expect_success 'ls-files quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	just space
+	no-funny
+	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
 	git ls-files >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-t0=`git write-tree` &&
-echo "$t0" >t0 &&
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -z does not quote funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	just space
+	no-funny
+	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
+	EOF
+	git ls-files -z >ls-files.z &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/\012/" <ls-files.z >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-just space
-no-funny
-"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	just space
+	no-funny
+	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git ls-tree -r $t1 >ls-tree &&
+	sed -e "s/^[^	]*	//" <ls-tree >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git ls-files with-funny' \
-	'git update-index --add "$p1" &&
-	git ls-files >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' "
-echo 'just space
-no-funny
-tabs	,\" (dq) and spaces' >expected
-"
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git ls-files -z with-funny' \
-	'git ls-files -z | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-t1=`git write-tree` &&
-echo "$t1" >t1 &&
-
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-just space
-no-funny
-"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git ls-tree with funny' \
-	'git ls-tree -r $t1 | sed -e "s/^[^	]*	//" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-A	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-index with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index --name-status $t0 >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree with-funny' \
-	'git diff-tree --name-status $t0 $t1 >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' "
-echo 'A
-tabs	,\" (dq) and spaces' >expected
-"
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-index -z with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree -z with-funny' \
-	'git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-CNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree -C with-funny' \
-	'git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder --name-status \
-		$t0 $t1 | sed -e 's/^C[0-9]*/CNUM/' >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-RNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
-	'git update-index --force-remove "$p0" &&
-	git diff-index -M --name-status \
-		$t0 | sed -e 's/^R[0-9]*/RNUM/' >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-similarity index NUM%
-rename from no-funny
-rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
-	 sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-chmod +x "$p1" &&
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-old mode 100644
-new mode 100755
-similarity index NUM%
-rename from no-funny
-rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
-	 sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
- "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
- 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree rename with-funny applied' \
-	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
-	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
- no-funny
- "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree delete with-funny applied' \
-	'git diff-index -p $t0 |
-	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git apply non-git diff' \
-	'git diff-index -p $t0 |
-	 sed -ne "/^[-+@]/p" |
-	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'diff-index --name-status quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	A	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index --name-status $t0 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --name-status quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	A	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree --name-status $t0 $t1 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index -z does not quote funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	A
+	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 >diff-index.z &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/\012/" <diff-index.z >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree -z does not quote funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	A
+	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 >diff-tree.z &&
+	perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ <diff-tree.z >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --find-copies-harder quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	CNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder --name-status $t0 $t1 >out &&
+	sed -e "s/^C[0-9]*/CNUM/" <out >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: remove unfunny index entry' '
+	git update-index --force-remove "$p0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree -M quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	RNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M --name-status $t0 >out &&
+	sed -e "s/^R[0-9]*/RNUM/" <out >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index -M -p quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	similarity index NUM%
+	rename from no-funny
+	rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M -p $t0 >diff &&
+	sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: mode change' '
+	chmod +x "$p1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index -M -p with mode change quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	old mode 100644
+	new mode 100755
+	similarity index NUM%
+	rename from no-funny
+	rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M -p $t0 >diff &&
+	sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diffstat for rename quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	 "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M -p $t0 >diff &&
+	git apply --stat <diff >diffstat &&
+	sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" <diffstat >current &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'numstat for rename quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	0	0	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M -p $t0 >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'numstat without -M quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	0	3	no-funny
+	3	0	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -p $t0 >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'numstat for non-git rename diff quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	0	3	no-funny
+	3	0	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -p $t0 >git-diff &&
+	sed -ne "/^[-+@]/p" <git-diff >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3301-notes.sh b/t/t3301-notes.sh
index 16de05aff9..2d200fdf36 100755
--- a/t/t3301-notes.sh
+++ b/t/t3301-notes.sh
@@ -7,47 +7,35 @@ test_description='Test commit notes'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-cat > fake_editor.sh << \EOF
-#!/bin/sh
-echo "$MSG" > "$1"
-echo "$MSG" >& 2
+write_script fake_editor <<\EOF
+echo "$MSG" >"$1"
+echo "$MSG" >&2
 EOF
-chmod a+x fake_editor.sh
-GIT_EDITOR=./fake_editor.sh
+GIT_EDITOR=./fake_editor
 export GIT_EDITOR
 
+indent="    "
+
 test_expect_success 'cannot annotate non-existing HEAD' '
-	(MSG=3 && export MSG && test_must_fail git notes add)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=3 git notes add
 '
 
-test_expect_success setup '
-	: > a1 &&
-	git add a1 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 1st &&
-	: > a2 &&
-	git add a2 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 2nd
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit 1st &&
+	test_commit 2nd
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'need valid notes ref' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ && export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes add) &&
-	(MSG=2 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ && export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes show)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ git notes show &&
+	test_must_fail env MSG=2 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ git notes show
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refusing to add notes in refs/heads/' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus &&
-	 export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes add)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus git notes add
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refusing to edit notes in refs/remotes/' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/remotes/bogus &&
-	 export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes edit)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus git notes edit
 '
 
 # 1 indicates caught gracefully by die, 128 means git-show barked
@@ -56,206 +44,196 @@ test_expect_success 'handle empty notes gracefully' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show non-existent notes entry with %N' '
-	for l in A B
-	do
-		echo "$l"
-	done >expect &&
-	git show -s --format='A%n%NB' >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_write_lines A B >expect &&
+	git show -s --format="A%n%NB" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create notes' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
 	MSG=b4 git notes add &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b4 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b4" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show notes entry with %N' '
-	for l in A b4 B
-	do
-		echo "$l"
-	done >expect &&
-	git show -s --format='A%n%NB' >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_write_lines A b4 B >expect &&
+	git show -s --format="A%n%NB" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-d423f8c refs/notes/commits@{0}: notes: Notes added by 'git notes add'
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'create reflog entry' '
-	git reflog show refs/notes/commits >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		a1d8fa6 refs/notes/commits@{0}: notes: Notes added by '\''git notes add'\''
+	EOF
+	git reflog show refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'edit existing notes' '
 	MSG=b3 git notes edit &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b3 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b3" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show notes from treeish' '
+	test "b3" = "$(git notes --ref commits^{tree} show)" &&
+	test "b4" = "$(git notes --ref commits@{1} show)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot edit notes from non-ref' '
+	test_must_fail git notes --ref commits^{tree} edit &&
+	test_must_fail git notes --ref commits@{1} edit
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'cannot "git notes add -m" where notes already exists' '
 	test_must_fail git notes add -m "b2" &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b3 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b3" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'can overwrite existing note with "git notes add -f -m"' '
 	git notes add -f -m "b1" &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b1 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b1" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add w/no options on existing note morphs into edit' '
 	MSG=b2 git notes add &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b2 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b2" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'can overwrite existing note with "git notes add -f"' '
 	MSG=b1 git notes add -f &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b1 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b1" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 268048bfb8a1fb38e703baceb8ab235421bf80c5
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
-
-    2nd
+test_expect_success 'show notes' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7a4ca6ee52a974a66cbaa78e33214535dff1d691
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    b1
-EOF
+		${indent}2nd
 
-test_expect_success 'show notes' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}b1
+	EOF
 	! (git cat-file commit HEAD | grep b1) &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create multi-line notes (setup)' '
-	: > a3 &&
-	git add a3 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 3rd &&
-	MSG="b3
-c3c3c3c3
-d3d3d3" git notes add
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-multiline << EOF
-commit 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
-
-    3rd
+test_expect_success 'show multi-line notes' '
+	test_commit 3rd &&
+	MSG="b3${LF}c3c3c3c3${LF}d3d3d3" git notes add &&
+	cat >expect-multiline <<-EOF &&
+		commit d07d62e5208f22eb5695e7eb47667dc8b9860290
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    b3
-    c3c3c3c3
-    d3d3d3
-EOF
+		${indent}3rd
 
-printf "\n" >> expect-multiline
-cat expect >> expect-multiline
+		Notes:
+		${indent}b3
+		${indent}c3c3c3c3
+		${indent}d3d3d3
 
-test_expect_success 'show multi-line notes' '
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-multiline output
-'
-test_expect_success 'create -F notes (setup)' '
-	: > a4 &&
-	git add a4 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 4th &&
-	echo "xyzzy" > note5 &&
-	git notes add -F note5
+	EOF
+	cat expect >>expect-multiline &&
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-multiline actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-F << EOF
-commit 15023535574ded8b1a89052b32673f84cf9582b8
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
-
-    4th
+test_expect_success 'show -F notes' '
+	test_commit 4th &&
+	echo "xyzzy" >note5 &&
+	git notes add -F note5 &&
+	cat >expect-F <<-EOF &&
+		commit 0f7aa3ec6325aeb88b910453bb3eb37c49d75c11
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    xyzzy
-EOF
+		${indent}4th
 
-printf "\n" >> expect-F
-cat expect-multiline >> expect-F
+		Notes:
+		${indent}xyzzy
 
-test_expect_success 'show -F notes' '
-	git log -3 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-F output
+	EOF
+	cat expect-multiline >>expect-F &&
+	git log -3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-F actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Re-adding -F notes without -f fails' '
-	echo "zyxxy" > note5 &&
+	echo "zyxxy" >note5 &&
 	test_must_fail git notes add -F note5 &&
-	git log -3 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-F output
+	git log -3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-F actual
 '
 
-cat >expect << EOF
-commit 15023535574ded8b1a89052b32673f84cf9582b8
-tree e070e3af51011e47b183c33adf9736736a525709
-parent 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
-author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
-committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
-
-    4th
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'git log --pretty=raw does not show notes' '
-	git log -1 --pretty=raw >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 0f7aa3ec6325aeb88b910453bb3eb37c49d75c11
+		tree 05ac65288c4c4b3b709a020ae94b2ece2f2201ae
+		parent d07d62e5208f22eb5695e7eb47667dc8b9860290
+		author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
+		committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
+
+		${indent}4th
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >>expect <<EOF
-
-Notes:
-    xyzzy
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'git log --show-notes' '
-	git log -1 --pretty=raw --show-notes >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >>expect <<-EOF &&
+
+	Notes:
+	${indent}xyzzy
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=raw --show-notes >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --no-notes' '
-	git log -1 --no-notes >output &&
-	! grep xyzzy output
+	git log -1 --no-notes >actual &&
+	! grep xyzzy actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git format-patch does not show notes' '
-	git format-patch -1 --stdout >output &&
-	! grep xyzzy output
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout >actual &&
+	! grep xyzzy actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git format-patch --show-notes does show notes' '
-	git format-patch --show-notes -1 --stdout >output &&
-	grep xyzzy output
+	git format-patch --show-notes -1 --stdout >actual &&
+	grep xyzzy actual
 '
 
 for pretty in \
@@ -267,8 +245,8 @@ do
 	?*) p="$pretty" not=" not" negate="!" ;;
 	esac
 	test_expect_success "git show $pretty does$not show notes" '
-		git show $p >output &&
-		eval "$negate grep xyzzy output"
+		git show $p >actual &&
+		eval "$negate grep xyzzy actual"
 	'
 done
 
@@ -277,161 +255,131 @@ test_expect_success 'setup alternate notes ref' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --notes shows default notes' '
-	git log -1 --notes >output &&
-	grep xyzzy output &&
-	! grep alternate output
+	git log -1 --notes >actual &&
+	grep xyzzy actual &&
+	! grep alternate actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --notes=X shows only X' '
-	git log -1 --notes=alternate >output &&
-	! grep xyzzy output &&
-	grep alternate output
+	git log -1 --notes=alternate >actual &&
+	! grep xyzzy actual &&
+	grep alternate actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --notes --notes=X shows both' '
-	git log -1 --notes --notes=alternate >output &&
-	grep xyzzy output &&
-	grep alternate output
+	git log -1 --notes --notes=alternate >actual &&
+	grep xyzzy actual &&
+	grep alternate actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --no-notes resets default state' '
 	git log -1 --notes --notes=alternate \
 		--no-notes --notes=alternate \
-		>output &&
-	! grep xyzzy output &&
-	grep alternate output
+		>actual &&
+	! grep xyzzy actual &&
+	grep alternate actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --no-notes resets ref list' '
 	git log -1 --notes --notes=alternate \
 		--no-notes --notes \
-		>output &&
-	grep xyzzy output &&
-	! grep alternate output
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create -m notes (setup)' '
-	: > a5 &&
-	git add a5 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 5th &&
-	git notes add -m spam -m "foo
-bar
-baz"
-'
-
-whitespace="    "
-cat > expect-m << EOF
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
-
-    5th
-
-Notes:
-    spam
-$whitespace
-    foo
-    bar
-    baz
-EOF
-
-printf "\n" >> expect-m
-cat expect-F >> expect-m
-
-test_expect_success 'show -m notes' '
-	git log -4 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-m output
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'remove note with add -f -F /dev/null (setup)' '
-	git notes add -f -F /dev/null
+		>actual &&
+	grep xyzzy actual &&
+	! grep alternate actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-rm-F << EOF
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
-
-    5th
-EOF
-
-printf "\n" >> expect-rm-F
-cat expect-F >> expect-rm-F
-
-test_expect_success 'verify note removal with -F /dev/null' '
-	git log -4 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-rm-F output &&
+test_expect_success 'show -m notes' '
+	test_commit 5th &&
+	git notes add -m spam -m "foo${LF}bar${LF}baz" &&
+	cat >expect-m <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}5th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}spam
+		${indent}
+		${indent}foo
+		${indent}bar
+		${indent}baz
+
+	EOF
+	cat expect-F >>expect-m &&
+	git log -4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-m actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove note with add -f -F /dev/null' '
+	git notes add -f -F /dev/null &&
+	cat >expect-rm-F <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}5th
+
+	EOF
+	cat expect-F >>expect-rm-F &&
+	git log -4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-rm-F actual &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'do not create empty note with -m "" (setup)' '
-	git notes add -m ""
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'verify non-creation of note with -m ""' '
-	git log -4 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-rm-F output &&
+test_expect_success 'do not create empty note with -m ""' '
+	git notes add -m "" &&
+	git log -4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-rm-F actual &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show
 '
 
-cat > expect-combine_m_and_F << EOF
-foo
-
-xyzzy
+test_expect_success 'create note with combination of -m and -F' '
+	cat >expect-combine_m_and_F <<-EOF &&
+		foo
 
-bar
+		xyzzy
 
-zyxxy
+		bar
 
-baz
-EOF
+		zyxxy
 
-test_expect_success 'create note with combination of -m and -F' '
-	echo "xyzzy" > note_a &&
-	echo "zyxxy" > note_b &&
+		baz
+	EOF
+	echo "xyzzy" >note_a &&
+	echo "zyxxy" >note_b &&
 	git notes add -m "foo" -F note_a -m "bar" -F note_b -m "baz" &&
-	git notes show > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-combine_m_and_F output
+	git notes show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-combine_m_and_F actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remove note with "git notes remove" (setup)' '
+test_expect_success 'remove note with "git notes remove"' '
 	git notes remove HEAD^ &&
-	git notes remove
-'
-
-cat > expect-rm-remove << EOF
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
-
-    5th
+	git notes remove &&
+	cat >expect-rm-remove <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
 
-commit 15023535574ded8b1a89052b32673f84cf9582b8
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
+		${indent}5th
 
-    4th
-EOF
+		commit 0f7aa3ec6325aeb88b910453bb3eb37c49d75c11
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
 
-printf "\n" >> expect-rm-remove
-cat expect-multiline >> expect-rm-remove
+		${indent}4th
 
-test_expect_success 'verify note removal with "git notes remove"' '
-	git log -4 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-rm-remove output &&
+	EOF
+	cat expect-multiline >>expect-rm-remove &&
+	git log -4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-rm-remove actual &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
-c9c6af7f78bc47490dbf3e822cf2f3c24d4b9061 268048bfb8a1fb38e703baceb8ab235421bf80c5
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'removing non-existing note should not create new commit' '
-	git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/commits > before_commit &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/commits >before_commit &&
 	test_must_fail git notes remove HEAD^ &&
-	git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/commits > after_commit &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/commits >after_commit &&
 	test_cmp before_commit after_commit
 '
 
@@ -511,70 +459,68 @@ test_expect_success 'removing with --stdin --ignore-missing' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'list notes with "git notes list"' '
-	git notes list > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		c9c6af7f78bc47490dbf3e822cf2f3c24d4b9061 7a4ca6ee52a974a66cbaa78e33214535dff1d691
+		c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3 d07d62e5208f22eb5695e7eb47667dc8b9860290
+	EOF
+	git notes list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'list notes with "git notes"' '
-	git notes > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git notes >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'list specific note with "git notes list <object>"' '
-	git notes list HEAD^^ > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3
+	EOF
+	git notes list HEAD^^ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'listing non-existing notes fails' '
-	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-Initial set of notes
-
-More notes appended with git notes append
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'append to existing note with "git notes append"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		Initial set of notes
+
+		More notes appended with git notes append
+	EOF
 	git notes add -m "Initial set of notes" &&
 	git notes append -m "More notes appended with git notes append" &&
-	git notes show > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git notes show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect_list << EOF
-c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
-c9c6af7f78bc47490dbf3e822cf2f3c24d4b9061 268048bfb8a1fb38e703baceb8ab235421bf80c5
-4b6ad22357cc8a1296720574b8d2fbc22fab0671 bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success '"git notes list" does not expand to "git notes list HEAD"' '
-	git notes list > output &&
-	test_cmp expect_list output
+	cat >expect_list <<-EOF &&
+		c9c6af7f78bc47490dbf3e822cf2f3c24d4b9061 7a4ca6ee52a974a66cbaa78e33214535dff1d691
+		4b6ad22357cc8a1296720574b8d2fbc22fab0671 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3 d07d62e5208f22eb5695e7eb47667dc8b9860290
+	EOF
+	git notes list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_list actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'appending empty string does not change existing note' '
 	git notes append -m "" &&
-	git notes show > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git notes show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes append == add when there is no existing note' '
 	git notes remove HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD &&
-	git notes append -m "Initial set of notes
-
-More notes appended with git notes append" &&
-	git notes show > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git notes append -m "Initial set of notes${LF}${LF}More notes appended with git notes append" &&
+	git notes show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'appending empty string to non-existing note does not create note' '
@@ -585,617 +531,600 @@ test_expect_success 'appending empty string to non-existing note does not create
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create other note on a different notes ref (setup)' '
-	: > a6 &&
-	git add a6 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 6th &&
-	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/other" git notes add -m "other note"
-'
-
-cat > expect-other << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
+	test_commit 6th &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/other" git notes add -m "other note" &&
+	cat >expect-not-other <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-EOF
-
-cat > expect-not-other << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
+		${indent}6th
+	EOF
+	cp expect-not-other expect-other &&
+	cat >>expect-other <<-EOF
 
-    6th
-EOF
+		Notes (other):
+		${indent}other note
+	EOF
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'Do not show note on other ref by default' '
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-not-other output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-not-other actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Do show note when ref is given in GIT_NOTES_REF' '
-	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/other" git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-other output
+	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/other" git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-other actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Do show note when ref is given in core.notesRef config' '
-	git config core.notesRef "refs/notes/other" &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-other output
+	test_config core.notesRef "refs/notes/other" &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-other actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Do not show note when core.notesRef is overridden' '
-	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/wrong" git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-not-other output
+	test_config core.notesRef "refs/notes/other" &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/wrong" git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-not-other actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-both << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
+test_expect_success 'Show all notes when notes.displayRef=refs/notes/*' '
+	cat >expect-both <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-    6th
+		${indent}6th
 
-Notes:
-    order test
+		Notes:
+		${indent}order test
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
+		Notes (other):
+		${indent}other note
 
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
 
-    5th
+		${indent}5th
 
-Notes:
-    replacement for deleted note
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'Show all notes when notes.displayRef=refs/notes/*' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}replacement for deleted note
+	EOF
 	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/commits git notes add \
 		-m"replacement for deleted note" HEAD^ &&
 	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/commits git notes add -m"order test" &&
-	git config --unset core.notesRef &&
-	git config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
+	test_config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'core.notesRef is implicitly in notes.displayRef' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
-	git config notes.displayRef refs/notes/other &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+	test_config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
+	test_config notes.displayRef refs/notes/other &&
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'notes.displayRef can be given more than once' '
-	git config --unset core.notesRef &&
-	git config notes.displayRef refs/notes/commits &&
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
+	test_config notes.displayRef refs/notes/commits &&
 	git config --add notes.displayRef refs/notes/other &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-both-reversed << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
+test_expect_success 'notes.displayRef respects order' '
+	cat >expect-both-reversed <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
+		${indent}6th
 
-Notes:
-    order test
-EOF
+		Notes (other):
+		${indent}other note
 
-test_expect_success 'notes.displayRef respects order' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
-	git config --unset-all notes.displayRef &&
-	git config notes.displayRef refs/notes/commits &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both-reversed output
+		Notes:
+		${indent}order test
+	EOF
+	test_config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
+	test_config notes.displayRef refs/notes/commits &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both-reversed actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF works' '
-	git config --unset-all core.notesRef &&
-	git config --unset-all notes.displayRef &&
 	GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF=refs/notes/commits:refs/notes/other \
-		git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+		git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-none << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
+test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF overrides config' '
+	cat >expect-none <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+		${indent}6th
 
-    5th
-EOF
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
 
-test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF overrides config' '
-	git config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
-	GIT_NOTES_REF= GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF= git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-none output
+		${indent}5th
+	EOF
+	test_config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF= GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF= git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-none actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--show-notes=* adds to GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF' '
-	GIT_NOTES_REF= GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF= git log --show-notes=* -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+	GIT_NOTES_REF= GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF= git log --show-notes=* -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-commits << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
+test_expect_success '--no-standard-notes' '
+	cat >expect-commits <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    order test
-EOF
+		${indent}6th
 
-test_expect_success '--no-standard-notes' '
-	git log --no-standard-notes --show-notes=commits -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-commits output
+		Notes:
+		${indent}order test
+	EOF
+	git log --no-standard-notes --show-notes=commits -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-commits actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--standard-notes' '
+	test_config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	git log --no-standard-notes --show-notes=commits \
-		--standard-notes -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+		--standard-notes -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--show-notes=ref accumulates' '
 	git log --show-notes=other --show-notes=commits \
-		 --no-standard-notes -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both-reversed output
+		 --no-standard-notes -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both-reversed actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Allow notes on non-commits (trees, blobs, tags)' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
-	echo "Note on a tree" > expect &&
+	test_config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
+	echo "Note on a tree" >expect &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a tree" HEAD: &&
-	git notes show HEAD: > actual &&
+	git notes show HEAD: >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	echo "Note on a blob" > expect &&
+	echo "Note on a blob" >expect &&
 	filename=$(git ls-tree --name-only HEAD | head -n1) &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a blob" HEAD:$filename &&
-	git notes show HEAD:$filename > actual &&
+	git notes show HEAD:$filename >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	echo "Note on a tag" > expect &&
+	echo "Note on a tag" >expect &&
 	git tag -a -m "This is an annotated tag" foobar HEAD^ &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a tag" foobar &&
-	git notes show foobar > actual &&
+	git notes show foobar >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 2ede89468182a62d0bde2583c736089bcf7d7e92
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:19:13 2005 -0700
-
-    7th
+test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes add -C"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit fb01e0ca8c33b6cc0c6451dde747f97df567cb5c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:19:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-EOF
+		${indent}7th
 
-test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes add -C"' '
-	: > a7 &&
-	git add a7 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 7th &&
+		Notes:
+		${indent}order test
+	EOF
+	test_commit 7th &&
 	git notes add -C $(git notes list HEAD^) &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD^)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create note from non-existing note with "git notes add -C" fails' '
-	: > a8 &&
-	git add a8 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 8th &&
+	test_commit 8th &&
 	test_must_fail git notes add -C deadbeef &&
 	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 016e982bad97eacdbda0fcbd7ce5b0ba87c81f1b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:21:13 2005 -0700
+test_expect_success 'create note from non-blob with "git notes add -C" fails' '
+	commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	tree=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	test_must_fail git notes add -C $commit &&
+	test_must_fail git notes add -C $tree &&
+	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create note from blob with "git notes add -C" reuses blob id' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 9a4c31c7f722b5d517e92c64e932dd751e1413bf
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:20:13 2005 -0700
 
-    9th
+		${indent}8th
 
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-EOF
+		Notes:
+		${indent}This is a blob object
+	EOF
+	blob=$(echo "This is a blob object" | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	git notes add -C $blob &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$blob"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes add -c"' '
-	: > a9 &&
-	git add a9 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 9th &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2e0db4bc649e174d667a1cde19e725cf897a5bd2
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:21:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}9th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
+	test_commit 9th &&
 	MSG="yet another note" git notes add -c $(git notes list HEAD^^) &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create note from non-existing note with "git notes add -c" fails' '
-	: > a10 &&
-	git add a10 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 10th &&
-	(
-		MSG="yet another note" &&
-		export MSG &&
-		test_must_fail git notes add -c deadbeef
-	) &&
+	test_commit 10th &&
+	test_must_fail env MSG="yet another note" git notes add -c deadbeef &&
 	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 016e982bad97eacdbda0fcbd7ce5b0ba87c81f1b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:21:13 2005 -0700
-
-    9th
-
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'append to note from other note with "git notes append -C"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2e0db4bc649e174d667a1cde19e725cf897a5bd2
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:21:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}9th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
 	git notes append -C $(git notes list HEAD^) HEAD^ &&
-	git log -1 HEAD^ > actual &&
+	git log -1 HEAD^ >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit ffed603236bfa3891c49644257a83598afe8ae5a
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:22:13 2005 -0700
-
-    10th
+test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes append -c"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7c3b87ab368f81e11b1ea87b2ab99a71ccd25406
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:22:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-EOF
+		${indent}10th
 
-test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes append -c"' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+	EOF
 	MSG="other note" git notes append -c $(git notes list HEAD^) &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit ffed603236bfa3891c49644257a83598afe8ae5a
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:22:13 2005 -0700
-
-    10th
-
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'append to note from other note with "git notes append -c"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7c3b87ab368f81e11b1ea87b2ab99a71ccd25406
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:22:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}10th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
 	MSG="yet another note" git notes append -c $(git notes list HEAD) &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 6352c5e33dbcab725fe0579be16aa2ba8eb369be
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:23:13 2005 -0700
-
-    11th
-
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'copy note with "git notes copy"' '
-	: > a11 &&
-	git add a11 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 11th &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit a446fff8777efdc6eb8f4b7c8a5ff699484df0d5
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:23:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}11th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
+	test_commit 11th &&
 	git notes copy HEAD^ HEAD &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD^)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prevent overwrite with "git notes copy"' '
 	test_must_fail git notes copy HEAD~2 HEAD &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD^)"
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 6352c5e33dbcab725fe0579be16aa2ba8eb369be
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:23:13 2005 -0700
-
-    11th
-
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'allow overwrite with "git notes copy -f"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit a446fff8777efdc6eb8f4b7c8a5ff699484df0d5
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:23:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}11th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
 	git notes copy -f HEAD~2 HEAD &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD~2)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cannot copy note from object without notes' '
-	: > a12 &&
-	git add a12 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 12th &&
-	: > a13 &&
-	git add a13 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 13th &&
+	test_commit 12th &&
+	test_commit 13th &&
 	test_must_fail git notes copy HEAD^ HEAD
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit e5d4fb5698d564ab8c73551538ecaf2b0c666185
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:25:13 2005 -0700
-
-    13th
+test_expect_success 'git notes copy --stdin' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit e871aa61182b1d95d0a6fb75445d891722863b6b
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:25:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
+		${indent}13th
 
-commit 7038787dfe22a14c3867ce816dbba39845359719
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:24:13 2005 -0700
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
 
-    12th
+		commit 65e263ded02ae4e8839bc151095113737579dc12
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:24:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
+		${indent}12th
 
-test_expect_success 'git notes copy --stdin' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
 	(echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~3) $(git rev-parse HEAD^); \
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) $(git rev-parse HEAD)) |
 	git notes copy --stdin &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD~2)" &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD^)" = "$(git notes list HEAD~3)"
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (unconfigured)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
 
-    15th
+		${indent}15th
 
-commit be28d8b4d9951ad940d229ee3b0b9ee3b1ec273d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:26:13 2005 -0700
+		commit 07c85d77059393ed0154b8c96906547a59dfcddd
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:26:13 2005 -0700
 
-    14th
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (unconfigured)' '
+		${indent}14th
+	EOF
 	test_commit 14th &&
 	test_commit 15th &&
 	(echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~3) $(git rev-parse HEAD^); \
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) $(git rev-parse HEAD)) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
-
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-
-commit be28d8b4d9951ad940d229ee3b0b9ee3b1ec273d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:26:13 2005 -0700
-
-    14th
-
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (enabled)' '
-	git config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
-	git config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}15th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+
+		commit 07c85d77059393ed0154b8c96906547a59dfcddd
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:26:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}14th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	(echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~3) $(git rev-parse HEAD^); \
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) $(git rev-parse HEAD)) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (disabled)' '
-	git config notes.rewrite.bar false &&
+	test_config notes.rewrite.bar false &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~3) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=bar &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
+test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (overwrite)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    a fresh note
-EOF
+		${indent}15th
 
-test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (overwrite)' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}a fresh note
+	EOF
 	git notes add -f -m"a fresh note" HEAD^ &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (ignore)' '
-	git config notes.rewriteMode ignore &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode ignore &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
-
-Notes (other):
-    a fresh note
-$whitespace
-    another fresh note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (append)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}15th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}a fresh note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}another fresh note
+	EOF
 	git notes add -f -m"another fresh note" HEAD^ &&
-	git config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
-
-Notes (other):
-    a fresh note
-$whitespace
-    another fresh note
-$whitespace
-    append 1
-$whitespace
-    append 2
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (append two to one)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}15th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}a fresh note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}another fresh note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}append 1
+		${indent}
+		${indent}append 2
+	EOF
 	git notes add -f -m"append 1" HEAD^ &&
 	git notes add -f -m"append 2" HEAD^^ &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	(echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD);
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) $(git rev-parse HEAD)) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (append empty)' '
 	git notes remove HEAD^ &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
-
-Notes (other):
-    replacement note 1
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE works' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}15th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}replacement note 1
+	EOF
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	git notes add -f -m"replacement note 1" HEAD^ &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE=overwrite git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
+test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF works' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    replacement note 2
-EOF
+		${indent}15th
 
-test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF works' '
-	git config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+		Notes:
+		${indent}replacement note 2
+	EOF
 	git notes add -f -m"replacement note 2" HEAD^ &&
-	git config --unset-all notes.rewriteRef &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+	test_unconfig notes.rewriteRef &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF=refs/notes/commits:refs/notes/other \
 		git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF overrides config' '
-	git config notes.rewriteRef refs/notes/other &&
 	git notes add -f -m"replacement note 3" HEAD^ &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef refs/notes/other &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF= git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy diagnoses too many or too few parameters' '
@@ -1203,14 +1132,20 @@ test_expect_success 'git notes copy diagnoses too many or too few parameters' '
 	test_must_fail git notes copy one two three
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref expands refs/heads/master to refs/notes/refs/heads/master' '
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
+	sane_unset GIT_NOTES_REF &&
+	test "$(git notes --ref=refs/heads/master get-ref)" = "refs/notes/refs/heads/master"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (no overrides)' '
-	git config --unset core.notesRef &&
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
 	sane_unset GIT_NOTES_REF &&
 	test "$(git notes get-ref)" = "refs/notes/commits"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (core.notesRef)' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/foo &&
+	test_config core.notesRef refs/notes/foo &&
 	test "$(git notes get-ref)" = "refs/notes/foo"
 '
 
@@ -1222,4 +1157,51 @@ test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (--ref)' '
 	test "$(GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/bar git notes --ref=baz get-ref)" = "refs/notes/baz"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup testing of empty notes' '
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
+	test_commit 16th &&
+	empty_blob=$(git hash-object -w /dev/null) &&
+	echo "$empty_blob" >expect_empty
+'
+
+while read cmd
+do
+	test_expect_success "'git notes $cmd' removes empty note" "
+		test_might_fail git notes remove HEAD &&
+		MSG= git notes $cmd &&
+		test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "'git notes $cmd --allow-empty' stores empty note" "
+		test_might_fail git notes remove HEAD &&
+		MSG= git notes $cmd --allow-empty &&
+		git notes list HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_empty actual
+	"
+done <<\EOF
+add
+add -F /dev/null
+add -m ""
+add -c "$empty_blob"
+add -C "$empty_blob"
+append
+append -F /dev/null
+append -m ""
+append -c "$empty_blob"
+append -C "$empty_blob"
+edit
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'empty notes are displayed by git log' '
+	test_commit 17th &&
+	git log -1 >expect &&
+	cat >>expect <<-EOF &&
+
+		Notes:
+	EOF
+	git notes add -C "$empty_blob" --allow-empty &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh b/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
index e35d7811ac..7217c5e222 100755
--- a/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
+++ b/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
@@ -7,53 +7,49 @@ test_description='Test commit notes index (expensive!)'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_set_prereq NOT_EXPENSIVE
-test -n "$GIT_NOTES_TIMING_TESTS" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
-test -x /usr/bin/time && test_set_prereq USR_BIN_TIME
-
 create_repo () {
 	number_of_commits=$1
 	nr=0
 	test -d .git || {
 	git init &&
 	(
-		while [ $nr -lt $number_of_commits ]; do
+		while test $nr -lt $number_of_commits
+		do
 			nr=$(($nr+1))
 			mark=$(($nr+$nr))
 			notemark=$(($mark+1))
 			test_tick &&
-			cat <<INPUT_END &&
-commit refs/heads/master
-mark :$mark
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-commit #$nr
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 inline file
-data <<EOF
-file in commit #$nr
-EOF
-
-blob
-mark :$notemark
-data <<EOF
-note for commit #$nr
-EOF
-
-INPUT_END
-
-			echo "N :$notemark :$mark" >> note_commit
+			cat <<-INPUT_END &&
+			commit refs/heads/master
+			mark :$mark
+			committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+			data <<COMMIT
+			commit #$nr
+			COMMIT
+
+			M 644 inline file
+			data <<EOF
+			file in commit #$nr
+			EOF
+
+			blob
+			mark :$notemark
+			data <<EOF
+			note for commit #$nr
+			EOF
+
+			INPUT_END
+			echo "N :$notemark :$mark" >>note_commit
 		done &&
 		test_tick &&
-		cat <<INPUT_END &&
-commit refs/notes/commits
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-notes
-COMMIT
+		cat <<-INPUT_END &&
+		commit refs/notes/commits
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		notes
+		COMMIT
 
-INPUT_END
+		INPUT_END
 
 		cat note_commit
 	) |
@@ -65,62 +61,74 @@ INPUT_END
 test_notes () {
 	count=$1 &&
 	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
-	git log | grep "^    " > output &&
+	git log | grep "^    " >output &&
 	i=$count &&
-	while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+	while test $i -gt 0
+	do
 		echo "    commit #$i" &&
 		echo "    note for commit #$i" &&
-		i=$(($i-1));
-	done > expect &&
+		i=$(($i-1))
+	done >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 }
 
-cat > time_notes << \EOF
+write_script time_notes <<\EOF
 	mode=$1
 	i=1
-	while [ $i -lt $2 ]; do
+	while test $i -lt $2
+	do
 		case $1 in
 		no-notes)
-			GIT_NOTES_REF=non-existing; export GIT_NOTES_REF
-		;;
+			GIT_NOTES_REF=non-existing
+			export GIT_NOTES_REF
+			;;
 		notes)
 			unset GIT_NOTES_REF
-		;;
+			;;
 		esac
-		git log >/dev/null
+		git log
 		i=$(($i+1))
-	done
+	done >/dev/null
 EOF
 
 time_notes () {
 	for mode in no-notes notes
 	do
 		echo $mode
-		/usr/bin/time "$SHELL_PATH" ../time_notes $mode $1
+		/usr/bin/time ../time_notes $mode $1
 	done
 }
 
 do_tests () {
-	pr=$1
-	count=$2
-
-	test_expect_success $pr 'setup / mkdir' '
-		mkdir $count &&
-		cd $count
+	count=$1 pr=${2-}
+
+	test_expect_success $pr "setup $count" '
+		mkdir "$count" &&
+		(
+			cd "$count" &&
+			create_repo "$count"
+		)
 	'
 
-	test_expect_success $pr "setup $count" "create_repo $count"
-
-	test_expect_success $pr 'notes work' "test_notes $count"
-
-	test_expect_success USR_BIN_TIME,$pr 'notes timing with /usr/bin/time' "time_notes 100"
+	test_expect_success $pr 'notes work' '
+		(
+			cd "$count" &&
+			test_notes "$count"
+		)
+	'
 
-	test_expect_success $pr 'teardown / cd ..' 'cd ..'
+	test_expect_success "USR_BIN_TIME${pr:+,$pr}" 'notes timing with /usr/bin/time' '
+		(
+			cd "$count" &&
+			time_notes 100
+		)
+	'
 }
 
-do_tests NOT_EXPENSIVE 10
-for count in 100 1000 10000; do
-	do_tests EXPENSIVE $count
+do_tests 10
+for count in 100 1000 10000
+do
+	do_tests "$count" EXPENSIVE
 done
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh b/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
index b1ea64b213..54460beec4 100755
--- a/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
+++ b/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
@@ -51,15 +51,12 @@ test_expect_success 'deleting most notes with git-notes' '
 	num_notes=250 &&
 	i=0 &&
 	git rev-list HEAD |
-	while read sha1
+	while test $i -lt $num_notes && read sha1
 	do
 		i=$(($i + 1)) &&
-		if test $i -gt $num_notes
-		then
-			break
-		fi &&
 		test_tick &&
-		git notes remove "$sha1"
+		git notes remove "$sha1" ||
+		exit 1
 	done
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh b/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh
index 24d82b49bb..19aed7ec95 100755
--- a/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git notes add -m "Notes on 1st commit" 1st &&
 	git notes add -m "Notes on 2nd commit" 2nd &&
 	git notes add -m "Notes on 3rd commit" 3rd &&
-	git notes add -m "Notes on 4th commit" 4th
+	git notes add -m "Notes on 4th commit" 4th &&
+	# Copy notes to remote-notes
+	git fetch . refs/notes/*:refs/remote-notes/origin/*
 '
 
 commit_sha1=$(git rev-parse 1st^{commit})
@@ -66,7 +68,9 @@ test_expect_success 'verify initial notes (x)' '
 '
 
 cp expect_notes_x expect_notes_y
+cp expect_notes_x expect_notes_v
 cp expect_log_x expect_log_y
+cp expect_log_x expect_log_v
 
 test_expect_success 'fail to merge empty notes ref into empty notes ref (z => y)' '
 	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/y" notes merge z
@@ -84,16 +88,12 @@ test_expect_success 'fail to merge into various non-notes refs' '
 	test_must_fail git -c "core.notesRef=refs/notes/foo^{bar" notes merge x
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'fail to merge various non-note-trees' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
-	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes &&
-	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes/ &&
-	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes/dir &&
-	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes/dir/ &&
-	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/heads/master &&
-	test_must_fail git notes merge x: &&
-	test_must_fail git notes merge x:foo &&
-	test_must_fail git notes merge foo^{bar
+test_expect_success 'merge non-notes ref into empty notes ref (remote-notes/origin/x => v)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/v &&
+	git notes merge refs/remote-notes/origin/x &&
+	verify_notes v &&
+	# refs/remote-notes/origin/x and v should point to the same notes commit
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/remote-notes/origin/x)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/v)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge notes into empty notes ref (x => y)' '
diff --git a/t/t3309-notes-merge-auto-resolve.sh b/t/t3309-notes-merge-auto-resolve.sh
index 461fd84755..14c2adf970 100755
--- a/t/t3309-notes-merge-auto-resolve.sh
+++ b/t/t3309-notes-merge-auto-resolve.sh
@@ -298,6 +298,13 @@ test_expect_success 'merge z into y with invalid strategy => Fail/No changes' '
 	verify_notes y y
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with invalid configuration option => Fail/No changes' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	test_must_fail git -c notes.mergeStrategy="foo" notes merge z &&
+	# Verify no changes (y)
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
 cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_ours
 68b8630d25516028bed862719855b3d6768d7833 $commit_sha15
 5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
@@ -365,6 +372,28 @@ test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
 	verify_notes y y
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "ours" configuration option => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git -c notes.mergeStrategy="ours" notes merge z &&
+	verify_notes y ours
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/y^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "ours" per-ref configuration option => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git -c notes.y.mergeStrategy="ours" notes merge z &&
+	verify_notes y ours
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/y^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
 cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_theirs
 9b4b2c61f0615412da3c10f98ff85b57c04ec765 $commit_sha15
 5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
@@ -432,6 +461,17 @@ test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
 	verify_notes y y
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "theirs" strategy overriding configuration option "ours" => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git -c notes.mergeStrategy="ours" notes merge --strategy=theirs z &&
+	verify_notes y theirs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/y^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
 cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_union
 7c4e546efd0fe939f876beb262ece02797880b54 $commit_sha15
 5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
@@ -505,6 +545,34 @@ test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
 	verify_notes y y
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "union" strategy overriding per-ref configuration => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git -c notes.y.mergeStrategy="theirs" notes merge --strategy=union z &&
+	verify_notes y union
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/y^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "union" per-ref overriding general configuration => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git -c notes.y.mergeStrategy="union" -c notes.mergeStrategy="theirs" notes merge z &&
+	verify_notes y union
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/y^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y with "manual" per-ref only checks specific ref configuration => Conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	test_must_fail git -c notes.z.mergeStrategy="union" notes merge z &&
+	git notes merge --abort &&
+	verify_notes y y
+'
+
 cat <<EOF | sort >expect_notes_union2
 d682107b8bf7a7aea1e537a8d5cb6a12b60135f1 $commit_sha15
 5de7ea7ad4f47e7ff91989fb82234634730f75df $commit_sha14
@@ -644,4 +712,15 @@ test_expect_success 'merge y into z with "cat_sort_uniq" strategy => Non-conflic
 	verify_notes z cat_sort_uniq
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reset to pre-merge state (z)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/z refs/notes/z^1 &&
+	# Verify pre-merge state
+	verify_notes z z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge y into z with "cat_sort_uniq" strategy configuration option => Non-conflicting 3-way merge' '
+	git -c notes.mergeStrategy="cat_sort_uniq" notes merge y &&
+	verify_notes z cat_sort_uniq
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh b/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh
index 4367197953..d5572121da 100755
--- a/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh
+++ b/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh
@@ -314,6 +314,18 @@ y and z notes on 1st commit
 
 EOF
 
+test_expect_success 'do not allow mixing --commit and --abort' '
+	test_must_fail git notes merge --commit --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not allow mixing --commit and --strategy' '
+	test_must_fail git notes merge --commit --strategy theirs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not allow mixing --abort and --strategy' '
+	test_must_fail git notes merge --abort --strategy theirs
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'finalize conflicting merge (z => m)' '
 	# Resolve conflicts and finalize merge
 	cat >.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE/$commit_sha1 <<EOF &&
@@ -324,7 +336,7 @@ y and z notes on 4th commit
 EOF
 	git notes merge --commit &&
 	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
-	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_might_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
 	# Merge commit has pre-merge y and pre-merge z as parents
 	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m^1)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)" &&
@@ -386,7 +398,7 @@ test_expect_success 'redo merge of z into m (== y) with default ("manual") resol
 test_expect_success 'abort notes merge' '
 	git notes merge --abort &&
 	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
-	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_might_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
 	# m has not moved (still == y)
 	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)" &&
@@ -453,7 +465,7 @@ EOF
 	# Finalize merge
 	git notes merge --commit &&
 	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
-	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_might_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
 	# Merge commit has pre-merge y and pre-merge z as parents
 	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m^1)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)" &&
@@ -542,7 +554,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'resolve situation by aborting the notes merge' '
 	git notes merge --abort &&
 	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
-	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_might_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
 	# m has not moved (still == w)
 	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/w)" &&
@@ -553,4 +565,23 @@ test_expect_success 'resolve situation by aborting the notes merge' '
 	verify_notes z
 '
 
+cat >expect_notes <<EOF
+foo
+bar
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'switch cwd before committing notes merge' '
+	git notes add -m foo HEAD &&
+	git notes --ref=other add -m bar HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes/other &&
+	(
+		cd .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE &&
+		echo "foo" > $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		echo "bar" >> $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git notes merge --commit
+	) &&
+	git notes show HEAD > actual_notes &&
+	test_cmp expect_notes actual_notes
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3320-notes-merge-worktrees.sh b/t/t3320-notes-merge-worktrees.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1f71d589f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3320-notes-merge-worktrees.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Twitter, Inc
+#
+
+test_description='Test merging of notes trees in multiple worktrees'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup commit' '
+	test_commit tantrum
+'
+
+commit_tantrum=$(git rev-parse tantrum^{commit})
+
+test_expect_success 'setup notes ref (x)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes add -m "x notes on tantrum" tantrum
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup local branch (y)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/y refs/notes/x &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	git notes remove tantrum
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup remote branch (z)' '
+	git update-ref refs/notes/z refs/notes/x &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/z &&
+	git notes add -f -m "conflicting notes on tantrum" tantrum
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'modify notes ref ourselves (x)' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+	git notes add -f -m "more conflicting notes on tantrum" tantrum
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create some new worktrees' '
+	git worktree add -b newbranch worktree master &&
+	git worktree add -b newbranch2 worktree2 master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y fails and sets NOTES_MERGE_REF' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge z &&
+	echo "ref: refs/notes/y" >expect &&
+	test_cmp .git/NOTES_MERGE_REF expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into y while mid-merge in another workdir fails' '
+	(
+		cd worktree &&
+		git config core.notesRef refs/notes/y &&
+		test_must_fail git notes merge z 2>err &&
+		grep "A notes merge into refs/notes/y is already in-progress at" err
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/worktrees/worktree/NOTES_MERGE_REF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge z into x while mid-merge on y succeeds' '
+	(
+		cd worktree2 &&
+		git config core.notesRef refs/notes/x &&
+		test_must_fail git notes merge z 2>&1 >out &&
+		grep "Automatic notes merge failed" out &&
+		grep -v "A notes merge into refs/notes/x is already in-progress in" out
+	) &&
+	echo "ref: refs/notes/x" >expect &&
+	test_cmp .git/worktrees/worktree2/NOTES_MERGE_REF expect
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3400-rebase.sh b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
index c355533236..47b5682662 100755
--- a/t/t3400-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare repository with topic branches' '
 	echo Side >>C &&
 	git add C &&
 	git commit -m "Add C" &&
-	git checkout -b nonlinear my-topic-branch &&
-	echo Edit >>B &&
-	git add B &&
-	git commit -m "Modify B" &&
-	git merge side &&
-	git checkout -b upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-	git merge master &&
 	git checkout -f my-topic-branch &&
 	git tag topic
 '
@@ -66,26 +59,15 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase against master' '
 	git rebase master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
-	git rebase master >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
-	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
-	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-	git rebase master my-topic-branch >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
-	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-	git rebase my-topic-branch >out &&
-	grep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
+test_expect_success 'rebase, with <onto> and <upstream> specified as :/quuxery' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -D torebase" &&
+	git checkout -b torebase my-topic-branch^ &&
+	upstream=$(git rev-parse ":/Add B") &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse ":/Add A") &&
+	git rebase --onto $onto $upstream &&
+	git reset --hard my-topic-branch^ &&
+	git rebase --onto ":/Add A" ":/Add B" &&
+	git checkout my-topic-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information' '
@@ -101,29 +83,31 @@ test_expect_success 'HEAD was detached during rebase' '
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD@{1}) != $(git rev-parse my-topic-branch@{1})
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase after merge master' '
-	git reset --hard topic &&
-	git merge master &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	! (git show | grep "^Merge:")
+test_expect_success 'rebase from ambiguous branch name' '
+	git checkout -b topic side &&
+	git rebase master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges is linearized' '
-	git checkout nonlinear &&
-	test 4 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
-'
+test_expect_success 'rebase off of the previous branch using "-"' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git rebase @{-1} >expect.messages &&
+	git merge-base master HEAD >expect.forkpoint &&
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges after upstream merge is linearized' '
-	git checkout upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-	test 5 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git rebase - >actual.messages &&
+	git merge-base master HEAD >actual.forkpoint &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.forkpoint actual.forkpoint &&
+	# the next one is dubious---we may want to say "-",
+	# instead of @{-1}, in the message
+	test_i18ncmp expect.messages actual.messages
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
 	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D topic &&
 	echo 1 >X &&
 	git add X &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -138,8 +122,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase is not broken by diff.renames' '
-	git config diff.renames copies &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.renames" &&
+	test_config diff.renames copies &&
 	git checkout filemove &&
 	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase force-3way
 '
@@ -160,28 +143,59 @@ rm -f B
 
 test_expect_success 'fail when upstream arg is missing and not on branch' '
 	git checkout topic &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase >output.out &&
-	grep "You are not currently on a branch" output.out
+	test_must_fail git rebase
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fail when upstream arg is missing and not configured' '
 	git checkout -b no-config topic &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase >output.out &&
-	grep "branch.no-config.merge" output.out
+	test_must_fail git rebase
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'default to @{upstream} when upstream arg is missing' '
+test_expect_success 'default to common base in @{upstream}s reflog if no upstream arg' '
+	git checkout -b default-base master &&
 	git checkout -b default topic &&
 	git config branch.default.remote . &&
-	git config branch.default.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	git config branch.default.merge refs/heads/default-base &&
+	git rebase &&
+	git rev-parse --verify default-base >expect &&
+	git rev-parse default~1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git checkout default-base &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git checkout default &&
 	git rebase &&
-	test "$(git rev-parse default~1)" = "$(git rev-parse master)"
+	git rev-parse --verify default-base >expect &&
+	git rev-parse default~1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-picked commits and fork-point work together' '
+	git checkout default-base &&
+	echo Amended >A &&
+	git commit -a --no-edit --amend &&
+	test_commit B B &&
+	test_commit new_B B "New B" &&
+	test_commit C C &&
+	git checkout default &&
+	git reset --hard default-base@{4} &&
+	test_commit D D &&
+	git cherry-pick -2 default-base^ &&
+	test_commit final_B B "Final B" &&
+	git rebase &&
+	echo Amended >expect &&
+	test_cmp A expect &&
+	echo "Final B" >expect &&
+	test_cmp B expect &&
+	echo C >expect &&
+	test_cmp C expect &&
+	echo D >expect &&
+	test_cmp D expect
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -q is quiet' '
 	git checkout -b quiet topic &&
 	git rebase -q master >output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Rebase a commit that sprinkles CRs in' '
@@ -218,4 +232,27 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -m can copy notes' '
 	test "a note" = "$(git notes show HEAD)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase commit with an ancient timestamp' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	>old.one && git add old.one && test_tick &&
+	git commit --date="@12345 +0400" -m "Old one" &&
+	>old.two && git add old.two && test_tick &&
+	git commit --date="@23456 +0500" -m "Old two" &&
+	>old.three && git add old.three && test_tick &&
+	git commit --date="@34567 +0600" -m "Old three" &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD^^ >actual &&
+	grep "author .* 12345 +0400$" actual &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD^ >actual &&
+	grep "author .* 23456 +0500$" actual &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "author .* 34567 +0600$" actual &&
+
+	git rebase --onto HEAD^^ HEAD^ &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "author .* 34567 +0600$" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh b/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 7ba17974c5..0000000000
--- a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2006 Yann Dirson, based on t3400 by Amos Waterland
-#
-
-test_description='git rebase should detect patches integrated upstream
-
-This test cherry-picks one local change of two into master branch, and
-checks that git rebase succeeds with only the second patch in the
-local branch.
-'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'prepare repository with topic branch' '
-	test_commit A &&
-	git checkout -b my-topic-branch &&
-	test_commit B &&
-	test_commit C &&
-	git checkout -f master &&
-	test_commit A2 A.t
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pick top patch from topic branch into master' '
-	git cherry-pick C &&
-	git checkout -f my-topic-branch
-'
-
-test_debug '
-	git cherry master &&
-	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index master >/dev/null &&
-	gitk --all & sleep 1
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase topic branch against new master and check git am did not get halted' '
-	git rebase master &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase --merge topic branch that was partially merged upstream' '
-	git reset --hard C &&
-	git rebase --merge master &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-merge
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh b/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
index be8c1d5ef9..488945e007 100755
--- a/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]" <original >newfile &&
 	git add newfile &&
 	git commit -a -m"side edits further." &&
+	git branch second-side &&
 
 	tr "[a-m]" "[A-M]" <original >newfile &&
 	rm -f original &&
@@ -41,11 +42,12 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git branch test-rebase side &&
 	git branch test-rebase-pick side &&
 	git branch test-reference-pick side &&
+	git branch test-conflicts side &&
 	git checkout -b test-merge side
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reference merge' '
-	git merge -s recursive "reference merge" HEAD master
+	git merge -s recursive -m "reference merge" master
 '
 
 PRE_REBASE=$(git rev-parse test-rebase)
@@ -83,6 +85,15 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -Xtheirs' '
 	! grep 11 original
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase -Xtheirs from orphan' '
+	git checkout --orphan orphan-conflicting master~2 &&
+	echo "AB $T" >> original &&
+	git commit -morphan-conflicting original &&
+	git rebase -Xtheirs master &&
+	grep AB original &&
+	! grep 11 original
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge and rebase should match' '
 	git diff-tree -r test-rebase test-merge >difference &&
 	if test -s difference
@@ -138,4 +149,17 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -s funny -Xopt' '
 	test -f funny.was.run
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase --skip works with two conflicts in a row' '
+	git checkout second-side  &&
+	tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]" <newfile >tmp &&
+	mv tmp newfile &&
+	git commit -a -m"edit conflicting with side" &&
+	tr "[d-f]" "[D-F]" <newfile >tmp &&
+	mv tmp newfile &&
+	git commit -a -m"another edit conflicting with side" &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --merge test-conflicts &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --skip &&
+	git rebase --skip
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
index 826500bd18..1f5122b632 100755
--- a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
+++ b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
@@ -64,10 +64,11 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase with --merge' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --skip with --merge' '
 	git rebase --skip
-	'
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' \
-	'test -z "`git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference`"'
+test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' '
+	test -z "$(git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference)"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'moved back to branch correctly' '
 	test refs/heads/skip-merge = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index b981572d73..66348f11d1 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -29,14 +29,6 @@ Initial setup:
 
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
-set_fake_editor
-
 # WARNING: Modifications to the initial repository can change the SHA ID used
 # in the expect2 file for the 'stop on conflicting pick' test.
 
@@ -70,14 +62,23 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 # "exec" commands are ran with the user shell by default, but this may
 # be non-POSIX. For example, if SHELL=zsh then ">file" doesn't work
-# to create a file. Unseting SHELL avoids such non-portable behavior
+# to create a file. Unsetting SHELL avoids such non-portable behavior
 # in tests. It must be exported for it to take effect where needed.
 SHELL=
 export SHELL
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase --keep-empty' '
+	git checkout -b emptybranch master &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "empty" &&
+	git rebase --keep-empty -i HEAD~2 &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 6 actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	(
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-one
 		2 exec_>touch-two exec_false exec_>touch-three
 		3 4 exec_>\"touch-file__name_with_spaces\";_>touch-after-semicolon 5" &&
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	mkdir subdir && (cd subdir &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-subdir" \
 		git rebase -i HEAD^
 	) &&
@@ -108,18 +110,25 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command checks tree cleanness' '
 	git checkout master &&
-	(
-	FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" &&
-	export FAKE_LINES &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	test_cmp_rev master^ HEAD &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git rebase --continue
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with exec of inexistent command' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="exec_this-command-does-not-exist 1" \
+	git rebase -i HEAD^ >actual 2>&1 &&
+	! grep "Maybe git-rebase is broken" actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'no changes are a nop' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i F &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
@@ -129,6 +138,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test the [branch] option' '
 	git checkout -b dead-end &&
 	git rm file6 &&
 	git commit -m "stop here" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i F branch2 &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse branch2) &&
@@ -137,6 +147,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test the [branch] option' '
 
 test_expect_success 'test --onto <branch>' '
 	git checkout -b test-onto branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --onto branch1 F &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/test-onto" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse branch1) &&
@@ -146,6 +157,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test --onto <branch>' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase on top of a non-conflicting commit' '
 	git checkout branch1 &&
 	git tag original-branch1 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i branch2 &&
 	test file6 = $(git diff --name-only original-branch1) &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch1" &&
@@ -158,6 +170,7 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog for the branch shows state before rebase' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'exchange two commits' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
 	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
@@ -183,6 +196,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'stop on conflicting pick' '
 	git tag new-branch1 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD~3)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
 	test_cmp expect .git/rebase-merge/patch &&
@@ -203,6 +217,7 @@ test_expect_success 'abort' '
 test_expect_success 'abort with error when new base cannot be checked out' '
 	git rm --cached file1 &&
 	git commit -m "remove file in base" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master > output 2>&1 &&
 	grep "The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:" \
 		output &&
@@ -217,6 +232,7 @@ test_expect_success 'retain authorship' '
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
 	git tag twerp &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --onto master HEAD^ &&
 	git show HEAD | grep "^Author: Twerp Snog"
 '
@@ -227,6 +243,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash' '
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Nitfol" git commit -m "nitfol" file7 &&
 	echo "******************************" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i --onto master HEAD~2 &&
 	test B = $(cat file7) &&
@@ -239,6 +256,7 @@ test_expect_success 'retain authorship when squashing' '
 
 test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p HEAD^ &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
@@ -247,6 +265,8 @@ test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'exchange two commits with -p' '
+	git checkout H &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i -p HEAD~2 &&
 	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
@@ -281,6 +301,7 @@ test_expect_success 'preserve merges with -p' '
 	git commit -m M file1 &&
 	git checkout -b to-be-rebased &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p --onto branch1 master &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
@@ -295,6 +316,7 @@ test_expect_success 'preserve merges with -p' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3 4" git rebase -i -p HEAD~3 &&
 	echo 2 > unrelated-file &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -308,6 +330,7 @@ test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
 	echo resolved > file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
@@ -319,15 +342,17 @@ test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
 test_expect_success 'verbose flag is heeded, even after --continue' '
 	git reset --hard master@{1} &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -v -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
 	echo resolved > file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
 	git rebase --continue > output &&
-	grep "^ file1 |    2 +-$" output
+	grep "^ file1 | 2 +-$" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'multi-squash only fires up editor once' '
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 squash 3 squash 4" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -338,6 +363,7 @@ test_expect_success 'multi-squash only fires up editor once' '
 test_expect_success 'multi-fixup does not fire up editor' '
 	git checkout -b multi-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="NEVER" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 fixup 3 fixup 4" \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
@@ -349,11 +375,8 @@ test_expect_success 'multi-fixup does not fire up editor' '
 test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-fixup conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i $base
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" git rebase -i $base &&
 	echo three > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
@@ -367,11 +390,8 @@ test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
 test_expect_success 'commit message retained after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-squash conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i $base
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" git rebase -i $base &&
 	echo three > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="TWICE" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
@@ -393,6 +413,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
 	git checkout -b squash-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 squash 3 fixup 4" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -405,6 +426,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
 test_expect_success 'squash ignores comments' '
 	git checkout -b skip-comments E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="# 1 # squash 2 # squash 3 # squash 4 #" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -417,6 +439,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash ignores comments' '
 test_expect_success 'squash ignores blank lines' '
 	git checkout -b skip-blank-lines E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="> 1 > squash 2 > squash 3 > squash 4 >" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -429,6 +452,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash ignores blank lines' '
 test_expect_success 'squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b squash-works no-conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
@@ -437,11 +461,8 @@ test_expect_success 'squash works as expected' '
 test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	(echo one; echo two; echo four) > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
@@ -454,11 +475,8 @@ test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
 test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash2 conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	(echo one; echo four) > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
@@ -471,21 +489,14 @@ test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ignore patch if in upstream' '
-	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
-	git checkout -b has-cherry-picked HEAD^ &&
+test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 	echo unrelated > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "unrelated change" &&
-	git cherry-pick $HEAD &&
-	EXPECT_COUNT=1 git rebase -i $HEAD &&
-	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
-'
-
-test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 	parent=$(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo edited > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -498,20 +509,18 @@ test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 test_expect_success 'aborted --continue does not squash commits after "edit"' '
 	old=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
-	(
-		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE=" " &&
-		export FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase --continue
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE=" " git rebase --continue &&
 	test $old = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git rebase --abort
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -519,22 +528,15 @@ test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
 	echo "and again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	(
-		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="and again" &&
-		export FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase --continue
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="and again" git rebase --continue &&
 	git rebase --abort
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clean error after failed "exec"' '
 	test_tick &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort || :" &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_false" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 exec_false" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue 2>error &&
@@ -545,6 +547,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a detached HEAD' '
 	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	git checkout $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
 	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
@@ -552,15 +555,15 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a detached HEAD' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase a commit violating pre-commit' '
 
 	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
-	PRE_COMMIT=.git/hooks/pre-commit &&
-	echo "#!/bin/sh" > $PRE_COMMIT &&
-	echo "test -z \"\$(git diff --cached --check)\"" >> $PRE_COMMIT &&
-	chmod a+x $PRE_COMMIT &&
+	write_script .git/hooks/pre-commit <<-\EOF &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --cached --check)"
+	EOF
 	echo "monde! " >> file1 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -m doesnt-verify file1 &&
 	git commit -m doesnt-verify --no-verify file1 &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES=2 git rebase -i HEAD~2
 
 '
@@ -582,6 +585,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase with a file named HEAD in worktree' '
 		git commit -m "Add body"
 	) &&
 
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" git rebase -i to-be-rebased &&
 	test "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%an)" = "Squashed Away"
 
@@ -593,6 +597,7 @@ test_expect_success 'do "noop" when there is nothing to cherry-pick' '
 	GIT_EDITOR=: git commit --amend \
 		--author="Somebody else <somebody@else.com>" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) != $(git rev-parse branch4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i branch3 &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) = $(git rev-parse branch4)
 
@@ -617,18 +622,53 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule rebase setup' '
 		git commit -a -m "submodule second"
 	) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git commit -a -m "Three changes submodule"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule rebase -i' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 3" git rebase -i A
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule conflict setup' '
+	git tag submodule-base &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	(
+		cd sub && git checkout HEAD^ && echo 4 >elif &&
+		git add elif && git commit -m "submodule conflict"
+	) &&
+	git add sub &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Conflict in submodule" &&
+	git tag submodule-topic
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with only submodule staged' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i submodule-base &&
+	git add sub &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git rev-parse submodule-base) != $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with unstaged submodule' '
+	git checkout submodule-topic &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i submodule-base &&
+	git reset &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git rev-parse submodule-base) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'avoid unnecessary reset' '
 	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	test-chmtime =123456789 file3 &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~4 &&
 	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	MTIME=$(test-chmtime -v +0 file3 | sed 's/[^0-9].*$//') &&
@@ -637,6 +677,7 @@ test_expect_success 'avoid unnecessary reset' '
 
 test_expect_success 'reword' '
 	git checkout -b reword-branch master &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 reword 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="E changed" git rebase -i A &&
 	git show HEAD | grep "E changed" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse master) != $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
@@ -656,7 +697,8 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i can copy notes' '
 	test_commit n2 &&
 	test_commit n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"a note" n3 &&
-	git rebase --onto n1 n2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --onto n1 n2 &&
 	test "a note" = "$(git notes show HEAD)"
 '
 
@@ -669,6 +711,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i can copy notes over a fixup' '
 	git reset --hard n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"an earlier note" n2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE=concatenate FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i n1 &&
 	git notes show > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
@@ -678,6 +721,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase while detaching HEAD' '
 	git symbolic-ref HEAD &&
 	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 HEAD^0 &&
 	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD
@@ -687,6 +731,7 @@ test_tick # Ensure that the rebased commits get a different timestamp.
 test_expect_success 'always cherry-pick with --no-ff' '
 	git checkout no-ff-branch &&
 	git tag original-no-ff-branch &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --no-ff A &&
 	touch empty &&
 	for p in 0 1 2
@@ -719,9 +764,521 @@ test_expect_success 'set up commits with funny messages' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase-i history with funny messages' '
 	git rev-list A..funny >expect &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 4" git rebase -i A &&
 	git rev-list A.. >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase -i --exec' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout -b execute &&
+	test_commit one_exec main.txt one_exec &&
+	test_commit two_exec main.txt two_exec &&
+	test_commit three_exec main.txt three_exec
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -i --exec git show HEAD"' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase --exec git show HEAD -i"' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" -i HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -ix git show HEAD"' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several <CMD>' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD; pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd 2 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several instances of --exec' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --exec "pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD exec_pwd 2
+				exec_git_show_HEAD exec_pwd" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,11d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with --autosquash' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	git checkout -b autosquash &&
+	echo second >second.txt &&
+	git add second.txt &&
+	git commit -m "fixup! two_exec" &&
+	echo bis >bis.txt &&
+	git add bis.txt &&
+	git commit -m "fixup! two_exec" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	(
+		git checkout -b autosquash_actual &&
+		git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --autosquash HEAD~4 >actual
+	) &&
+	git checkout autosquash &&
+	(
+		git checkout -b autosquash_expected &&
+		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~4 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,13d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --exec works without -i ' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	rm -rf exec_output &&
+	EDITOR="echo >invoked_editor" git rebase --exec "echo a line >>exec_output"  HEAD~2 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep  "Successfully rebased and updated" actual &&
+	test_line_count = 2 exec_output &&
+	test_path_is_missing invoked_editor
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --exec without <CMD>' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i --exec 2>tmp &&
+	sed -e "1d" tmp >actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -h >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root re-order and drop commits' '
+	git checkout E &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="3 1 2 5" git rebase -i --root &&
+	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test C = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test 0 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^^ | grep -c ^parent\ )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root retain root commit author and message' '
+	git checkout A &&
+	echo B >file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="2" git rebase -i --root &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^author Twerp Snog" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^different author$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root temporary sentinel commit' '
+	git checkout B &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="2" git rebase -i --root &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "^tree 4b825dc642cb" &&
+	git rebase --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root fixup root commit' '
+	git checkout B &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i --root &&
+	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test B = $(git show HEAD:file1) &&
+	test 0 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -c ^parent\ )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo does not works on non-interactive rebase' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout conflict-branch &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD~2 HEAD~ &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo can be used to modify todo' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout no-conflict-branch^0 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 2 3" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test M = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test L = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i produces readable reflog' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git branch -f branch-reflog-test H &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --onto I F branch-reflog-test &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	rebase -i (finish): returning to refs/heads/branch-reflog-test
+	rebase -i (pick): H
+	rebase -i (pick): G
+	rebase -i (start): checkout I
+	EOF
+	git reflog -n4 HEAD |
+	sed "s/[^:]*: //" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects core.commentchar' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout E^0 &&
+	test_config core.commentchar "\\" &&
+	write_script remove-all-but-first.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -e "2,\$s/^/\\\\/" "$1" >"$1.tmp" &&
+	mv "$1.tmp" "$1"
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/remove-all-but-first.sh" &&
+	git rebase -i B &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i, with <onto> and <upstream> specified as :/quuxery' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -D torebase" &&
+	git checkout -b torebase branch1 &&
+	upstream=$(git rev-parse ":/J") &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse ":/A") &&
+	git rebase --onto $onto $upstream &&
+	git reset --hard branch1 &&
+	git rebase --onto ":/A" ":/J" &&
+	git checkout branch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with --strategy and -X' '
+	git checkout -b conflict-merge-use-theirs conflict-branch &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo five >conflict &&
+	echo Z >file1 &&
+	git commit -a -m "one file conflict" &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase -i --strategy=recursive -Xours conflict-branch &&
+	test $(git show conflict-branch:conflict) = $(cat conflict) &&
+	test $(cat file1) = Z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interrupted rebase -i with --strategy and -X' '
+	git checkout -b conflict-merge-use-theirs-interrupted conflict-branch &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	>breakpoint &&
+	git add breakpoint &&
+	git commit -m "breakpoint for interactive mode" &&
+	echo five >conflict &&
+	echo Z >file1 &&
+	git commit -a -m "one file conflict" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 2" git rebase -i --strategy=recursive -Xours conflict-branch &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git show conflict-branch:conflict) = $(cat conflict) &&
+	test $(cat file1) = Z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i error on commits with \ in message' '
+	current_head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort; git reset --hard $current_head; rm -f error" &&
+	test_commit TO-REMOVE will-conflict old-content &&
+	test_commit "\temp" will-conflict new-content dummy &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=true git rebase -i HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ 2>error &&
+	test_expect_code 1 grep  "	emp" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 setup' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout --orphan collide &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	(
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_commit collide1 collide &&
+	test_commit --notick collide2 collide &&
+	test_commit --notick collide3 collide
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 collide' '
+	test_when_finished "reset_rebase && git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout collide &&
+	(
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="collide2 ac4f2ee" \
+	FAKE_LINES="reword 1 2" git rebase -i HEAD~2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'respect core.abbrev' '
+	git config core.abbrev 12 &&
+	set_cat_todo_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~4 >todo-list &&
+	test 4 = $(grep -c "pick [0-9a-f]\{12,\}" todo-list)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'todo count' '
+	write_script dump-raw.sh <<-\EOF &&
+		cat "$1"
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/dump-raw.sh" &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~4 >actual &&
+	grep "^# Rebase ..* onto ..* ([0-9]" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i commits that overwrite untracked files (pick)' '
+	git checkout --force branch2 &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 2" git rebase -i A &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD F &&
+	test_path_is_missing file6 &&
+	>file6 &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD F &&
+	rm file6 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD I
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i commits that overwrite untracked files (squash)' '
+	git checkout --force branch2 &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	git tag original-branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 squash 2" git rebase -i A &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD F &&
+	test_path_is_missing file6 &&
+	>file6 &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD F &&
+	rm file6 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) = I &&
+	git reset --hard original-branch2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i commits that overwrite untracked files (no ff)' '
+	git checkout --force branch2 &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 2" git rebase -i --no-ff A &&
+	test $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) = F &&
+	test_path_is_missing file6 &&
+	>file6 &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) = F &&
+	rm file6 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) = I
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --continue removes CHERRY_PICK_HEAD' '
+	git checkout -b commit-to-skip &&
+	for double in X 3 1
+	do
+		test_seq 5 | sed "s/$double/&&/" >seq &&
+		git add seq &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m seq-$double
+	done &&
+	git tag seq-onto &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
+	git cherry-pick seq-onto &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES= git rebase -i seq-onto &&
+	test -d .git/rebase-merge &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git diff --exit-code seq-onto &&
+	test ! -d .git/rebase-merge &&
+	test ! -f .git/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
+'
+
+rebase_setup_and_clean () {
+	test_when_finished "
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_might_fail git branch -D $1 &&
+		test_might_fail git rebase --abort
+	" &&
+	git checkout -b $1 master
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'drop' '
+	rebase_setup_and_clean drop-test &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 drop 2 3 drop 4 5" git rebase -i --root &&
+	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test C = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^ | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/missing-commit.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects rebase.missingCommitsCheck = ignore' '
+	test_config rebase.missingCommitsCheck ignore &&
+	rebase_setup_and_clean missing-commit &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 4" \
+		git rebase -i --root 2>actual &&
+	test D = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Warning: some commits may have been dropped accidentally.
+Dropped commits (newer to older):
+ - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master)
+To avoid this message, use "drop" to explicitly remove a commit.
+
+Use 'git config rebase.missingCommitsCheck' to change the level of warnings.
+The possible behaviours are: ignore, warn, error.
+
+Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/missing-commit.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects rebase.missingCommitsCheck = warn' '
+	test_config rebase.missingCommitsCheck warn &&
+	rebase_setup_and_clean missing-commit &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 4" \
+		git rebase -i --root 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test D = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Warning: some commits may have been dropped accidentally.
+Dropped commits (newer to older):
+ - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master)
+ - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master~2)
+To avoid this message, use "drop" to explicitly remove a commit.
+
+Use 'git config rebase.missingCommitsCheck' to change the level of warnings.
+The possible behaviours are: ignore, warn, error.
+
+You can fix this with 'git rebase --edit-todo'.
+Or you can abort the rebase with 'git rebase --abort'.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects rebase.missingCommitsCheck = error' '
+	test_config rebase.missingCommitsCheck error &&
+	rebase_setup_and_clean missing-commit &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 2 4" \
+		git rebase -i --root 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	cp .git/rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo.backup \
+		.git/rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 drop 3 4 drop 5" \
+		git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test D = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Warning: the command isn't recognized in the following line:
+ - badcmd $(git rev-list --oneline -1 master~1)
+
+You can fix this with 'git rebase --edit-todo'.
+Or you can abort the rebase with 'git rebase --abort'.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'static check of bad command' '
+	rebase_setup_and_clean bad-cmd &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 bad 4 5" \
+		git rebase -i --root 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 drop 4 5" git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test C = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tabs and spaces are accepted in the todolist' '
+	rebase_setup_and_clean indented-comment &&
+	write_script add-indent.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	(
+		# Turn single spaces into space/tab mix
+		sed "1s/ /	/g; 2s/ /  /g; 3s/ / 	/g" "$1"
+		printf "\n\t# comment\n #more\n\t # comment\n"
+	) >"$1.new"
+	mv "$1.new" "$1"
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/add-indent.sh" &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Warning: the SHA-1 is missing or isn't a commit in the following line:
+ - edit XXXXXXX False commit
+
+You can fix this with 'git rebase --edit-todo'.
+Or you can abort the rebase with 'git rebase --abort'.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'static check of bad SHA-1' '
+	rebase_setup_and_clean bad-sha &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit fakesha 3 4 5 #" \
+		git rebase -i --root 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 4 5 6" git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'editor saves as CR/LF' '
+	git checkout -b with-crlf &&
+	write_script add-crs.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -e "s/\$/Q/" <"$1" | tr Q "\\015" >"$1".new &&
+	mv -f "$1".new "$1"
+	EOF
+	(
+		test_set_editor "$(pwd)/add-crs.sh" &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD^
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
index e5ad67c643..ff8c360cd5 100755
--- a/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
+++ b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='rebase should not insist on git message convention'
+test_description='rebase should handle arbitrary git message'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ It has two paragraphs, but its first paragraph is not friendly
 to oneline summary format.
 EOF
 
+cat >G <<\EOF
+commit log message containing a diff
+EOF
+
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	>file1 &&
@@ -19,8 +24,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git add file1 file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+	git branch diff-in-message &&
 
-	git checkout -b side &&
+	git checkout -b multi-line-subject &&
 	cat F >file2 &&
 	git add file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -28,6 +34,17 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F0 &&
 
+	git checkout diff-in-message &&
+	echo "commit log message containing a diff" >G &&
+	echo "" >>G &&
+	cat G >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git diff --cached >>G &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -F G &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >G0 &&
+
 	git checkout master &&
 
 	echo One >file1 &&
@@ -36,13 +53,20 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git commit -m "Second commit"
 '
 
-test_expect_success rebase '
+test_expect_success 'rebase commit with multi-line subject' '
 
-	git rebase master side &&
+	git rebase master multi-line-subject &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F1 &&
 
 	test_cmp F0 F1 &&
 	test_cmp F F0
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase commit with diff in message' '
+	git rebase master diff-in-message &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >G1 &&
+	test_cmp G0 G1 &&
+	test_cmp G G0
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
index fe5f936988..0392e36d23 100755
--- a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -4,27 +4,17 @@ test_description='messages from rebase operation'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-quick_one () {
-	echo "$1" >"file$1" &&
-	git add "file$1" &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "$1"
-}
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit O fileO &&
+	test_commit X fileX &&
+	test_commit A fileA &&
+	test_commit B fileB &&
+	test_commit Y fileY &&
 
-test_expect_success setup '
-	quick_one O &&
-	git branch topic &&
-	quick_one X &&
-	quick_one A &&
-	quick_one B &&
-	quick_one Y &&
-
-	git checkout topic &&
-	quick_one A &&
-	quick_one B &&
-	quick_one Z &&
+	git checkout -b topic O &&
+	git cherry-pick A B &&
+	test_commit Z fileZ &&
 	git tag start
-
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -34,12 +24,32 @@ Committed: 0003 Z
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -m' '
-
 	git rebase -m master >report &&
 	sed -n -e "/^Already applied: /p" \
 		-e "/^Committed: /p" report >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
+	git rebase master >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date" out
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
+	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date, rebase forced" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
+	git checkout topic^ &&
+	git rebase master topic >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
+	git checkout topic^ &&
+	git rebase topic >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to topic" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --stat' '
@@ -62,4 +72,16 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -n overrides config rebase.stat config' '
         ! grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
 '
 
+# Output to stderr:
+#
+#     "Does not point to a valid commit: invalid-ref"
+#
+# NEEDSWORK: This "grep" is fine in real non-C locales, but
+# GETTEXT_POISON poisons the refname along with the enclosing
+# error message.
+test_expect_success 'rebase --onto outputs the invalid ref' '
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto invalid-ref HEAD HEAD 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "invalid-ref" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
index 6de4e2263f..8c251c57a6 100755
--- a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
@@ -11,14 +11,6 @@ Run "git rebase -p" and check that merges are properly carried along
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus_email_address
 export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
-# Clone 1 (trivial merge):
-#
-# A1--A2  <-- origin/master
-#  \   \
-#   B1--M  <-- topic
-#    \
-#     B2  <-- origin/topic
-#
 # Clone 2 (conflicting merge):
 #
 # A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
@@ -37,15 +29,7 @@ export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 #      \
 #       B2     <-- origin/topic
 #
-# Clone 4 (merge using second parent as base):
-#
-# A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
-#  \
-#   B1--A3--M  <-- topic
-#    \     /
-#     \--A4    <-- topic2
-#      \
-#       B2     <-- origin/topic
+# Clone 4 (same as Clone 3)
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 	'echo First > A &&
@@ -58,20 +42,6 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	echo Third >> A &&
 	git commit -a -m "Modify A2" &&
-
-	git clone ./. clone1 &&
-	(cd clone1 &&
-	git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
-	git merge origin/master
-	) &&
-
-	git clone ./. clone4 &&
-	(
-		cd clone4 &&
-		git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
-		git merge origin/master
-	) &&
-
 	echo Fifth > B &&
 	git add B &&
 	git commit -m "Add different B" &&
@@ -96,21 +66,21 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 		git merge --no-ff topic2
 	) &&
 
+	git clone ./. clone4 &&
+	(
+		cd clone4 &&
+		git checkout -b topic2 origin/topic &&
+		echo Sixth > A &&
+		git commit -a -m "Modify A3" &&
+		git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
+		git merge --no-ff topic2
+	) &&
+
 	git checkout topic &&
 	echo Fourth >> B &&
 	git commit -a -m "Modify B2"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -p fakes interactive rebase' '
-	(
-	cd clone1 &&
-	git fetch &&
-	git rebase -p origin/topic &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
-	)
-'
-
 test_expect_success '--continue works after a conflict' '
 	(
 	cd clone2 &&
@@ -138,14 +108,14 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -p preserves no-ff merges' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -p works when base inside second parent' '
+test_expect_success 'rebase -p ignores merge.log config' '
 	(
 	cd clone4 &&
 	git fetch &&
-	git rebase -p HEAD^2 &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify B" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
+	git -c merge.log=1 rebase -p origin/topic &&
+	echo >expected &&
+	git log --format="%b" -1 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh b/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
index ace8e54e9b..dc81bf27eb 100755
--- a/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash F1 into D1' '
 # And rebase G1..M1 onto E2
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase two levels of merge' '
+	git checkout A1 &&
 	test_commit G1 &&
 	test_commit H1 &&
 	test_commit I1 &&
diff --git a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
index 086c91c7b4..73a39f2923 100755
--- a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
+++ b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare repository' '
 	test_commit 4 B
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase --root expects --onto' '
-	test_must_fail git rebase --root
+test_expect_success 'rebase --root fails with too many args' '
+	git checkout -B fail other &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto master --root fail fail
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup pre-rebase hook' '
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ cat > expect <<EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --root --onto <newbase>' '
-	git checkout -b work &&
+	git checkout -b work other &&
 	git rebase --root --onto master &&
 	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased &&
 	test_cmp expect rebased
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ test_expect_success 'set up second root and merge' '
 	rm A B C &&
 	test_commit 6 D &&
 	git checkout other &&
-	git merge third
+	git merge --allow-unrelated-histories third
 '
 
 cat > expect-third <<'EOF'
diff --git a/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh b/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
index 098b75507b..b6833e9a5f 100755
--- a/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
@@ -118,11 +118,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase (1)' '
 test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase (2)' '
 	git checkout test &&
 	git reset --hard side &&
-	(
-		EDITOR=:
-		export EDITOR
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i master
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=: git rebase -i master &&
 	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/test &&
 	test 0 = $(git rev-list HEAD...side | wc -l)
 '
diff --git a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
index b38be8e937..8f53e54ce4 100755
--- a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
+++ b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ test_description='auto squash'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo 0 >file0 &&
 	git add . &&
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ test_auto_fixup () {
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase $2 -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code $1 &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ test_auto_squash () {
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase $2 -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code $1 &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ test_expect_success 'misspelled auto squash' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 4 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 4 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-missquash &&
 	test 0 = $(git rev-list final-missquash...HEAD | wc -l)
 '
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches 2 commits' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD~4 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 4 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 4 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-multisquash &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^^:file1)" &&
 	test 2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^ | grep first | wc -l) &&
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches a commit after the squash' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD~4 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 5 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 5 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-presquash &&
 	test 0 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches a sha1' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-shasquash &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep squash | wc -l)
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches longer sha1' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-longshasquash &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep squash | wc -l)
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ test_auto_commit_flags () {
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-commit-$1 &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test $2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
@@ -193,4 +195,80 @@ test_expect_success 'use commit --squash' '
 	test_auto_commit_flags squash 2
 '
 
+test_auto_fixup_fixup () {
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1! first" &&
+	echo 2 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1! $2! first" &&
+	git tag "final-$1-$2" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		set_cat_todo_editor &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^^ >actual &&
+		cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+		pick $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^^) first commit
+		$1 $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) $1! first
+		$1 $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) $1! $2! first
+		pick $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) second commit
+		EOF
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	) &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
+	git diff --exit-code "final-$1-$2" &&
+	test 2 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	if test "$1" = "fixup"
+	then
+		test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+	elif test "$1" = "squash"
+	then
+		test 3 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup! fixup!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup fixup fixup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup! squash!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup fixup squash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash! squash!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup squash squash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash! fixup!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup squash fixup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosquash with custom inst format' '
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	git config --add rebase.instructionFormat "[%an @ %ar] %s"  &&
+	echo 2 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "squash! $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^)" &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "squash! $(git log -n 1 --format=%s HEAD~2)" &&
+	git tag final-squash-instFmt &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD~4 &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-squash-instFmt &&
+	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	test 2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep squash | wc -l)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh b/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
index 2680375628..4428b9086e 100755
--- a/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
+++ b/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
@@ -40,6 +40,25 @@ test_expect_success 'non-interactive rebase --continue works with touched file'
 	git rebase --continue
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'non-interactive rebase --continue with rerere enabled' '
+	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	test_when_finished "test_might_fail git rebase --abort" &&
+	git reset --hard commit-new-file-F2-on-topic-branch &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-* &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto master master topic &&
+	echo "Resolved" >F2 &&
+	git add F2 &&
+	cp F2 F2.expected &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+
+	git reset --hard commit-new-file-F2-on-topic-branch &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto master master topic &&
+	test_cmp F2.expected F2
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rebase --continue can not be used with other options' '
 	test_must_fail git rebase -v --continue &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue -v
diff --git a/t/t3419-rebase-patch-id.sh b/t/t3419-rebase-patch-id.sh
index e70ac10a0c..49f548cdb9 100755
--- a/t/t3419-rebase-patch-id.sh
+++ b/t/t3419-rebase-patch-id.sh
@@ -4,12 +4,7 @@ test_description='git rebase - test patch id computation'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_set_prereq NOT_EXPENSIVE
-test -n "$GIT_PATCHID_TIMING_TESTS" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
-test -x /usr/bin/time && test_set_prereq USR_BIN_TIME
-
-count()
-{
+count () {
 	i=0
 	while test $i -lt $1
 	do
@@ -18,8 +13,7 @@ count()
 	done
 }
 
-scramble()
-{
+scramble () {
 	i=0
 	while read x
 	do
@@ -28,12 +22,11 @@ scramble()
 			echo "$x"
 		fi
 		i=$((($i+1) % 10))
-	done < "$1" > "$1.new"
+	done <"$1" >"$1.new"
 	mv -f "$1.new" "$1"
 }
 
-run()
-{
+run () {
 	echo \$ "$@"
 	/usr/bin/time "$@" >/dev/null
 }
@@ -43,10 +36,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git tag root
 '
 
-do_tests()
-{
-	pr=$1
-	nlines=$2
+do_tests () {
+	nlines=$1 pr=${2-}
 
 	test_expect_success $pr "setup: $nlines lines" "
 		rm -f .gitattributes &&
@@ -82,17 +73,17 @@ do_tests()
 		run git format-patch --stdout --ignore-if-in-upstream master
 	"
 
-	test_expect_success $pr 'detect upstream patch' "
+	test_expect_success $pr 'detect upstream patch' '
 		git checkout -q master &&
 		scramble file &&
 		git add file &&
-		git commit -q -m 'change big file again' &&
+		git commit -q -m "change big file again" &&
 		git checkout -q other^{} &&
 		git rebase master &&
-		test_must_fail test -n \"\$(git rev-list master...HEAD~)\"
-	"
+		test_must_fail test -n "$(git rev-list master...HEAD~)"
+	'
 
-	test_expect_success $pr 'do not drop patch' "
+	test_expect_success $pr 'do not drop patch' '
 		git branch -f squashed master &&
 		git checkout -q -f squashed &&
 		git reset -q --soft HEAD~2 &&
@@ -100,10 +91,10 @@ do_tests()
 		git checkout -q other^{} &&
 		test_must_fail git rebase squashed &&
 		rm -rf .git/rebase-apply
-	"
+	'
 }
 
-do_tests NOT_EXPENSIVE 500
-do_tests EXPENSIVE 50000
+do_tests 500
+do_tests 50000 EXPENSIVE
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..944154b2e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Ramkumar Ramachandra
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase --autostash tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello-world >file0 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "initial commit" &&
+	git checkout -b feature-branch &&
+	echo another-hello >file1 &&
+	echo goodbye >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "second commit" &&
+	echo final-goodbye >file3 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "third commit" &&
+	git checkout -b unrelated-onto-branch master &&
+	echo unrelated >file4 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "unrelated commit" &&
+	git checkout -b related-onto-branch master &&
+	echo conflicting-change >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "related commit"
+'
+
+testrebase() {
+	type=$1
+	dotest=$2
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty worktree, --no-autostash" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git checkout feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type --no-autostash unrelated-onto-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty worktree, non-conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty index, non-conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		git add file3 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		rm -rf $dotest &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --continue" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		echo "conflicting-plus-goodbye" >file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git rebase --continue &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --skip" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		git rebase --skip &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --abort" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		git rebase --abort &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: non-conflicting rebase, conflicting stash" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >file4 &&
+		git add file4 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		! grep dirty file4 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch &&
+		git stash pop &&
+		grep dirty file4
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success "rebase: fast-forward rebase" '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b behind-feature-branch feature-branch~1 &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -D behind-feature-branch &&
+	echo dirty >>file1 &&
+	git rebase feature-branch &&
+	grep dirty file1 &&
+	git checkout feature-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase: noop rebase" '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b same-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -D same-feature-branch &&
+	echo dirty >>file1 &&
+	git rebase feature-branch &&
+	grep dirty file1 &&
+	git checkout feature-branch
+'
+
+testrebase "" .git/rebase-apply
+testrebase " --merge" .git/rebase-merge
+testrebase " --interactive" .git/rebase-merge
+
+test_expect_success 'abort rebase -i with --autostash' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	echo uncommited-content >file0 &&
+	(
+		write_script abort-editor.sh <<-\EOF &&
+			echo >"$1"
+		EOF
+		test_set_editor "$(pwd)/abort-editor.sh" &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase -i --autostash HEAD^ &&
+		rm -f abort-editor.sh
+	) &&
+	echo uncommited-content >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected file0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..68fe2003ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic rebase topology tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+# a---b---c
+#      \
+#       d---e
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit d &&
+	test_commit e
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "simple rebase $*" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c e &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd e' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* is no-op if upstream is an ancestor" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* b e &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* -f rewrites even if upstream is an ancestor" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* -f b e &&
+		! test_cmp_rev e HEAD &&
+		test_cmp_rev b HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd e' b..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* fast-forwards from ancestor of upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* e b &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+#       f
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--i
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+#
+# Reverted patches are there for tests to be able to check if a commit
+# that introduced the same change as another commit is
+# dropped. Without reverted commits, we could get false positives
+# because applying the patch succeeds, but simply results in no
+# changes.
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for range selection tests' '
+	git checkout c &&
+	test_commit g &&
+	revert h g &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	cherry_pick gp g &&
+	test_commit i &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit f
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* drops patches in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* h i &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd i' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* can drop last patch if in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* h gp &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD^ &&
+		test_linear_range 'd' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto drops patches in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto f h i &&
+		test_cmp_rev f HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd i' f..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto does not drop patches in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto h f i &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd gp i' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+# a---b---c---j!
+#      \
+#       d---k!--l
+#
+# ! = empty
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for empty commit tests' '
+	git checkout c &&
+	make_empty j &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	make_empty k &&
+	test_commit l
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* drops empty commit" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c l &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd l' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --keep-empty" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --keep-empty c l &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd k l' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --keep-empty keeps empty even if already in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --keep-empty j l &&
+		test_cmp_rev j HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd k l' j..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase failure -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+#       m
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g
+#
+# x---y---bp
+#
+# bp = cherry-picked b
+# m = reverted b
+#
+# Reverted patches are there for tests to be able to check if a commit
+# that introduced the same change as another commit is
+# dropped. Without reverted commits, we could get false positives
+# because applying the patch succeeds, but simply results in no
+# changes.
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for test involving root' '
+	git checkout b &&
+	revert m b &&
+	git checkout --orphan disjoint &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	test_commit x &&
+	test_commit y &&
+	cherry_pick bp b
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto c --root y &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* without --onto --root with disjoint history" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c y &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root drops patch in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto m --root bp &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' m..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root with merge-base does not go to root" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto m --root g &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'c g' m..
+	"
+}
+
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* without --onto --root with disjoint history drops patch in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* m bp &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' m..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --root on linear history is a no-op" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --root c &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase failure ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase failure -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* -f --root on linear history causes re-write" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* -f --root c &&
+		! test_cmp_rev a HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'a b c' HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..846f85c27e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rebase topology tests with merges'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+test_revision_subjects () {
+	expected="$1"
+	shift
+	set -- $(git log --format=%s --no-walk=unsorted "$@")
+	test "$expected" = "$*"
+}
+
+# a---b-----------c
+#      \           \
+#       d-------e   \
+#        \       \   \
+#         n---o---w---v
+#              \
+#               z
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit d &&
+	test_commit e &&
+
+	git checkout c &&
+	test_commit g &&
+	revert h g &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	cherry_pick gp g &&
+	test_commit i &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit f &&
+
+	git checkout d &&
+	test_commit n &&
+	test_commit o &&
+	test_merge w e &&
+	test_merge v c &&
+	git checkout o &&
+	test_commit z
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* after merge from upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* e w &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'n o' e..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history is linearized in place" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* d w &&
+		test_cmp_rev d HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" d..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'n o e' -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history is linearized upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c w &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" c..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history with merges after upstream merge is linearized" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c v &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" c..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op in non-linear history" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p d w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op when base inside second parent" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p e w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_failure "rebase -p --root on non-linear history is a no-op" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --root w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates merge from side branch" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p z w &&
+	test_cmp_rev z HEAD^ &&
+	test_cmp_rev w^2 HEAD^2
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates internal merge" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p c w &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~3 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd n e o w' HEAD~3 HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p can re-create two branches on onto" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto c d w &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD^2^ &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'n e o w' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+#       f
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--i
+#        \       \
+#         e-------u
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for patch-equivalence tests' '
+	git checkout e &&
+	test_merge u i
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates history around dropped commit matching upstream" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h u &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p --onto in merged history drops patches in upstream" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto f h u &&
+	test_cmp_rev f HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p --onto in merged history does not drop patches in onto" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto h f u &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2~2 HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd gp i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2^ HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--s
+#        \   \ /
+#         \   X
+#          \ / \
+#           e---t
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for dropping whole side' '
+	git checkout gp &&
+	test_merge s e &&
+	git checkout e &&
+	test_merge t gp
+'
+
+test_expect_failure "rebase -p drops merge commit when entire first-parent side is dropped" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h s &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+	test_linear_range 'd e' h..
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p drops merge commit when entire second-parent side is dropped" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h t &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+	test_linear_range 'd e' h..
+"
+
+# a---b---c
+#      \
+#       d---e
+#        \   \
+#         n---r
+#          \
+#           o
+#
+# r = tree-same with n
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for empty commits' '
+	git checkout n &&
+	git merge --no-commit e &&
+	git reset n . &&
+	git commit -m r &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	git tag r
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates empty internal merge commit" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p c r &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd e n r' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates empty merge commit" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p o r &&
+	test_cmp_rev e HEAD^2 &&
+	test_cmp_rev o HEAD^ &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'r' HEAD
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3426-rebase-submodule.sh b/t/t3426-rebase-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d5b896d445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3426-rebase-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rebase can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+git_rebase () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	git checkout -b ours HEAD &&
+	echo x >>file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m add_x &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rebase "$1"
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "git_rebase"
+
+git_rebase_interactive () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	git checkout -b ours HEAD &&
+	echo x >>file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m add_x &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	echo "fake-editor.sh" >.git/info/exclude &&
+	git rebase -i "$1"
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+# The real reason "replace directory with submodule" fails is because a
+# directory "sub1" exists, but we reuse the suppression added for merge here
+test_submodule_switch "git_rebase_interactive"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
index 595d2ff990..51f3bbb8af 100755
--- a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
+++ b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --nonsense' '
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --nonsense 2>msg &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD "$pos" &&
-	grep '[Uu]sage:' msg
+	test_i18ngrep '[Uu]sage:' msg
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'revert --nonsense' '
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ test_expect_success 'revert --nonsense' '
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git revert --nonsense 2>msg &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD "$pos" &&
-	grep '[Uu]sage:' msg
+	test_i18ngrep '[Uu]sage:' msg
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick after renaming branch' '
@@ -100,4 +100,45 @@ test_expect_success 'revert forbidden on dirty working tree' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick initial &&
+	git diff --quiet initial &&
+	! test_cmp_rev initial HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" to pick from previous branch' '
+	git checkout unborn &&
+	test_commit to-pick actual content &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick - &&
+	echo content >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" is meaningless without checkout' '
+	test_create_repo afresh &&
+	(
+		cd afresh &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		test_must_fail git cherry-pick -
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" works with arguments' '
+	git checkout -b side-branch &&
+	test_commit change actual change &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick -s - &&
+	echo "Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>" >expect &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep ^Signed-off-by: >signoff &&
+	test_cmp expect signoff &&
+	echo change >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3502-cherry-pick-merge.sh b/t/t3502-cherry-pick-merge.sh
index 0ab52da902..e37547f41a 100755
--- a/t/t3502-cherry-pick-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t3502-cherry-pick-merge.sh
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a non-merge with -m should fail' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout a^0 &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -m 1 b &&
+	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick -m 1 b &&
 	git diff --exit-code a --
 
 '
diff --git a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
index c10b28cf57..fbdc47cfbd 100755
--- a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
+++ b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
@@ -18,34 +18,84 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo third >> file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit --allow-empty-message -m ""
+	git commit --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout -b empty-branch2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "empty"
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick an empty commit' '
-	git checkout master && {
-		git cherry-pick empty-branch^
-		test "$?" = 1
-	}
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick empty-branch^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
-
 	test ! -f .git/index.lock
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message' '
-	git checkout master && {
-		git cherry-pick empty-branch
-		test "$?" = 1
-	}
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick empty-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
-
 	test ! -f .git/index.lock
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message with --allow-empty-message' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git cherry-pick --allow-empty-message empty-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick an empty non-ff commit without --allow-empty' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo fourth >>file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m "fourth" &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick empty-branch2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick an empty non-ff commit with --allow-empty' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick --allow-empty empty-branch2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick with --keep-redundant-commits' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick --keep-redundant-commits HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit that becomes no-op (prep)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch fork &&
+	echo foo >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add file2 on master" &&
+
+	git checkout fork &&
+	echo foo >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add file2 on the side"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a no-op without --keep-redundant' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout fork^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick master
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a no-op with --keep-redundant' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout fork^0 &&
+	git cherry-pick --keep-redundant-commits master &&
+	git show -s --format=%s >actual &&
+	echo "add file2 on master" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
index 51ca391e47..fb889ac6f0 100755
--- a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
+++ b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
@@ -105,4 +105,12 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry pick a root commit with --ff' '
 	test "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "1df192cd8bc58a2b275d842cede4d221ad9000d1"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --ff on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick --ff first &&
+	test_cmp_rev first HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
index ee1659c178..7c5ad08626 100755
--- a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
+++ b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@ test_description='test cherry-pick and revert with conflicts
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 pristine_detach () {
 	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
 	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
@@ -30,6 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	test_commit initial foo a &&
 	test_commit base foo b &&
 	test_commit picked foo c &&
+	test_commit --signoff picked-signed foo d &&
 	git config advice.detachedhead false
 
 '
@@ -59,6 +54,20 @@ test_expect_success 'advice from failed cherry-pick' "
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'advice from failed cherry-pick --no-commit' "
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+
+	picked=\$(git rev-parse --short picked) &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
+	error: could not apply \$picked... picked
+	hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths
+	hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --no-commit picked 2>actual &&
+
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+"
+
 test_expect_success 'failed cherry-pick sets CHERRY_PICK_HEAD' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
@@ -326,4 +335,61 @@ test_expect_success 'revert conflict, diff3 -m style' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'failed cherry-pick does not forget -s' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked &&
+	test_i18ngrep -e "Signed-off-by" .git/MERGE_MSG
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit after failed cherry-pick does not add duplicated -s' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked-signed &&
+	git commit -a -s &&
+	test $(git show -s |grep -c "Signed-off-by") = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit after failed cherry-pick adds -s at the right place' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
+
+	git commit -a -s &&
+
+	# Do S-o-b and Conflicts appear in the right order?
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	# Conflicts:
+	EOF
+	grep -e "^# Conflicts:" -e '^Signed-off-by' <.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	picked
+
+	Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	EOF
+
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --amend -s places the sign-off at the right place' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
+
+	# emulate old-style conflicts block
+	mv .git/MERGE_MSG .git/MERGE_MSG+ &&
+	sed -e "/^# Conflicts:/,\$s/^# *//" <.git/MERGE_MSG+ >.git/MERGE_MSG &&
+
+	git commit -a &&
+	git commit --amend -s &&
+
+	# Do S-o-b and Conflicts appear in the right order?
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	Conflicts:
+	EOF
+	grep -e "^Conflicts:" -e '^Signed-off-by' <.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
index 8e09fd0319..b457333e18 100755
--- a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
+++ b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
@@ -5,15 +5,11 @@ test_description='test cherry-picking many commits'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check_head_differs_from() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" != "$arg"
+	! test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 check_head_equals() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" = "$arg"
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -35,55 +31,96 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick first..fourth works' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git cherry-pick first..fourth &&
+	git diff --quiet other &&
+	git diff --quiet HEAD other &&
+	check_head_differs_from fourth
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick three one two works' '
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_commit three &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	git cherry-pick three one two &&
+	git diff --quiet three &&
+	git diff --quiet HEAD three &&
+	test "$(git log --reverse --format=%s first..)" = "three
+one
+two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick three one two: fails' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick three one two:
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'output to keep user entertained during multi-pick' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	[master OBJID] second
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-	 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	[master OBJID] third
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-	 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
+	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	[master OBJID] fourth
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-	 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
+	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	EOF
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	git reset --hard first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git cherry-pick first..fourth >actual &&
+	sed -e "s/$_x05[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/OBJID/" <actual >actual.fuzzy &&
+	test_line_count -ge 3 actual.fuzzy &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual.fuzzy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth works' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth &&
 	git diff --quiet other &&
 	git diff --quiet HEAD other &&
-
-	sed -e "s/$_x05[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/OBJID/" <actual >actual.fuzzy &&
-	test_cmp expected actual.fuzzy &&
 	check_head_differs_from fourth
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth works' '
+test_expect_success 'output during multi-pick indicates merge strategy' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	Trying simple merge.
 	[master OBJID] second
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-	 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	Trying simple merge.
 	[master OBJID] third
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-	 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
+	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	Trying simple merge.
 	[master OBJID] fourth
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-	 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
+	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	EOF
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	git reset --hard first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth >actual &&
-	git diff --quiet other &&
-	git diff --quiet HEAD other &&
 	sed -e "s/$_x05[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/OBJID/" <actual >actual.fuzzy &&
-	test_cmp expected actual.fuzzy &&
-	check_head_differs_from fourth
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual.fuzzy
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --ff first..fourth works' '
diff --git a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
index df921d1f33..1e5b3948df 100755
--- a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
+++ b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
@@ -10,17 +10,15 @@ test_expect_success 'Initialize repository' '
 	git commit -m a
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts' '
+test_expect_success 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts' '
 	mkdir b &&
-	ln -s ../a b/a &&
-	git add b &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../a b/a &&
 	git commit -m b &&
 
 	git checkout -b branch &&
 	rm b/a &&
-	mv a b/a &&
-	ln -s b/a a &&
-	git add . &&
+	git mv a b/a &&
+	test_ln_s_add b/a a &&
 	git commit -m swap &&
 
 	>f1 &&
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts
 	git commit -m f1
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Cherry-pick succeeds with rename across D/F conflicts' '
+test_expect_success 'Cherry-pick succeeds with rename across D/F conflicts' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git cherry-pick branch
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Setup rename with file on one side matching different dirna
 	echo content > sub/file &&
 	echo foo > othersub/whatever &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf othersub &&
 	git mv sub/file othersub &&
diff --git a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
index e80050e1fe..7b7a89dbd5 100755
--- a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
+++ b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ test_description='Test cherry-pick continuation features
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# Repeat first match 10 times
+_r10='\1\1\1\1\1\1\1\1\1\1'
+
 pristine_detach () {
 	git cherry-pick --quit &&
 	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
@@ -21,14 +24,8 @@ pristine_detach () {
 	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
 }
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 test_expect_success setup '
-	git config advice.detachedhead false
+	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
 	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
 	git add unrelated &&
 	test_commit initial foo a &&
@@ -43,7 +40,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick persists data on failure' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick -s base..anotherpick &&
 	test_path_is_dir .git/sequencer &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/sequencer/head &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/sequencer/todo &&
@@ -64,7 +61,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick mid-cherry-pick-sequence' '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick persists opts correctly' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s -m 1 --strategy=recursive -X patience -X ours base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick -s -m 1 --strategy=recursive -X patience -X ours initial..anotherpick &&
 	test_path_is_dir .git/sequencer &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/sequencer/head &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/sequencer/todo &&
@@ -104,7 +101,7 @@ test_expect_success '--abort requires cherry-pick in progress' '
 
 test_expect_success '--quit cleans up sequencer state' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..picked &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..picked &&
 	git cherry-pick --quit &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer
 '
@@ -118,7 +115,7 @@ test_expect_success '--quit keeps HEAD and conflicted index intact' '
 	:000000 100644 OBJID OBJID A	foo
 	:000000 100644 OBJID OBJID A	unrelated
 	EOF
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..picked &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..picked &&
 	git cherry-pick --quit &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer &&
 	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh &&
@@ -132,7 +129,7 @@ test_expect_success '--quit keeps HEAD and conflicted index intact' '
 
 test_expect_success '--abort to cancel multiple cherry-pick' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
 	git cherry-pick --abort &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer &&
 	test_cmp_rev initial HEAD &&
@@ -142,7 +139,7 @@ test_expect_success '--abort to cancel multiple cherry-pick' '
 
 test_expect_success '--abort to cancel single cherry-pick' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick picked &&
 	git cherry-pick --abort &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer &&
 	test_cmp_rev initial HEAD &&
@@ -152,7 +149,7 @@ test_expect_success '--abort to cancel single cherry-pick' '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --abort to cancel multiple revert' '
 	pristine_detach anotherpick &&
-	test_must_fail git revert base..picked &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git revert base..picked &&
 	git cherry-pick --abort &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer &&
 	test_cmp_rev anotherpick HEAD &&
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --abort to cancel multiple revert' '
 
 test_expect_success 'revert --abort works, too' '
 	pristine_detach anotherpick &&
-	test_must_fail git revert base..picked &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git revert base..picked &&
 	git revert --abort &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer &&
 	test_cmp_rev anotherpick HEAD
@@ -170,7 +167,7 @@ test_expect_success 'revert --abort works, too' '
 
 test_expect_success '--abort to cancel single revert' '
 	pristine_detach anotherpick &&
-	test_must_fail git revert picked &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git revert picked &&
 	git revert --abort &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer &&
 	test_cmp_rev anotherpick HEAD &&
@@ -181,7 +178,7 @@ test_expect_success '--abort to cancel single revert' '
 test_expect_success '--abort keeps unrelated change, easy case' '
 	pristine_detach unrelatedpick &&
 	echo changed >expect &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked..yetanotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick picked..yetanotherpick &&
 	echo changed >unrelated &&
 	git cherry-pick --abort &&
 	test_cmp expect unrelated
@@ -190,7 +187,7 @@ test_expect_success '--abort keeps unrelated change, easy case' '
 test_expect_success '--abort refuses to clobber unrelated change, harder case' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	echo changed >expect &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
 	echo changed >unrelated &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --abort &&
 	test_cmp expect unrelated &&
@@ -205,7 +202,7 @@ test_expect_success '--abort refuses to clobber unrelated change, harder case' '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick still writes sequencer state when one commit is left' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..picked &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..picked &&
 	test_path_is_dir .git/sequencer &&
 	echo "resolved" >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
@@ -229,7 +226,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick still writes sequencer state when one commit is
 
 test_expect_success '--abort after last commit in sequence' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..picked &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..picked &&
 	git cherry-pick --abort &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer &&
 	test_cmp_rev initial HEAD &&
@@ -239,22 +236,22 @@ test_expect_success '--abort after last commit in sequence' '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick does not implicitly stomp an existing operation' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
 	test-chmtime -v +0 .git/sequencer >expect &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick unrelatedpick &&
+	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick unrelatedpick &&
 	test-chmtime -v +0 .git/sequencer >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue complains when no cherry-pick is in progress' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --continue
+	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick --continue
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue complains when there are unresolved conflicts' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --continue
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick --continue
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue of single cherry-pick' '
@@ -318,7 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success '--continue after resolving conflicts' '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue after resolving conflicts and committing' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
 	echo "c" >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit &&
@@ -368,7 +365,7 @@ test_expect_success 'follow advice and skip nil patch' '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue respects opts' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -x base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick -x base..anotherpick &&
 	echo "c" >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit &&
@@ -407,9 +404,9 @@ test_expect_success '--continue respects -x in first commit in multi-pick' '
 	grep "cherry picked from.*$picked" msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--signoff is not automatically propagated to resolved conflict' '
+test_expect_failure '--signoff is automatically propagated to resolved conflict' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --signoff base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick --signoff base..anotherpick &&
 	echo "c" >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit &&
@@ -425,7 +422,7 @@ test_expect_success '--signoff is not automatically propagated to resolved confl
 	grep "Signed-off-by:" anotherpick_msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--signoff dropped for implicit commit of resolution, multi-pick case' '
+test_expect_failure '--signoff dropped for implicit commit of resolution, multi-pick case' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked anotherpick &&
 	echo c >foo &&
@@ -438,7 +435,7 @@ test_expect_success '--signoff dropped for implicit commit of resolution, multi-
 	! grep Signed-off-by: msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'sign-off needs to be reaffirmed after conflict resolution, single-pick case' '
+test_expect_failure 'sign-off needs to be reaffirmed after conflict resolution, single-pick case' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked &&
 	echo c >foo &&
@@ -453,24 +450,24 @@ test_expect_success 'sign-off needs to be reaffirmed after conflict resolution,
 
 test_expect_success 'malformed instruction sheet 1' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
 	echo "resolved" >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit &&
 	sed "s/pick /pick/" .git/sequencer/todo >new_sheet &&
 	cp new_sheet .git/sequencer/todo &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --continue
+	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick --continue
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'malformed instruction sheet 2' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
 	echo "resolved" >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit &&
 	sed "s/pick/revert/" .git/sequencer/todo >new_sheet &&
 	cp new_sheet .git/sequencer/todo &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --continue
+	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick --continue
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'empty commit set' '
@@ -478,4 +475,40 @@ test_expect_success 'empty commit set' '
 	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick base..base
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'malformed instruction sheet 3' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	echo "resolved" >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit &&
+	sed "s/pick \([0-9a-f]*\)/pick $_r10/" .git/sequencer/todo >new_sheet &&
+	cp new_sheet .git/sequencer/todo &&
+	test_expect_code 128 git cherry-pick --continue
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'instruction sheet, fat-fingers version' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	echo "c" >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit &&
+	sed "s/pick \([0-9a-f]*\)/pick 	 \1 	/" .git/sequencer/todo >new_sheet &&
+	cp new_sheet .git/sequencer/todo &&
+	git cherry-pick --continue
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit descriptions in insn sheet are optional' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick base..anotherpick &&
+	echo "c" >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit &&
+	cut -d" " -f1,2 .git/sequencer/todo >new_sheet &&
+	cp new_sheet .git/sequencer/todo &&
+	git cherry-pick --continue &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/sequencer &&
+	git rev-list HEAD >commits &&
+	test_line_count = 4 commits
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9cce5ae881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test cherry-pick -x and -s'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+pristine_detach () {
+	git cherry-pick --quit &&
+	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
+	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
+	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
+}
+
+mesg_one_line='base: commit message'
+
+mesg_no_footer="$mesg_one_line
+
+OneWordBodyThatsNotA-S-o-B"
+
+mesg_with_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+Signed-off-by: A.U. Thor <author@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: B.U. Thor <buthor@example.com>"
+
+mesg_broken_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+The signed-off-by string should begin with the words Signed-off-by followed
+by a colon and space, and then the signers name and email address. e.g.
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_footer_sob="$mesg_with_footer
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_cherry_footer="$mesg_with_footer_sob
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: C.U. Thor <cuthor@example.com>"
+
+mesg_unclean="$mesg_one_line
+
+
+leading empty lines
+
+
+consecutive empty lines
+
+# hash tag comment
+
+trailing empty lines
+
+
+"
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
+	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
+	git add unrelated &&
+	test_commit initial foo a &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_one_line" foo b mesg-one-line &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_no_footer" foo b mesg-no-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_broken_footer" foo b mesg-broken-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer" foo b mesg-with-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer_sob" foo b mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_cherry_footer" foo b mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_config commit.cleanup verbatim &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_unclean" foo b mesg-unclean &&
+	test_unconfig commit.cleanup &&
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_commit conflicting unrelated
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse mesg-one-line^0) &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after non-conforming footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-broken-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_broken_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0) &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0) &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse mesg-with-footer^0) &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s refrains from adding duplicate trailing sob' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob even when trailing sob exists for committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse mesg-with-footer-sob^0) &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0) &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0) &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick preserves commit message' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	printf "$mesg_unclean" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B mesg-unclean >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git cherry-pick mesg-unclean &&
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3512-cherry-pick-submodule.sh b/t/t3512-cherry-pick-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6863b7bb6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3512-cherry-pick-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='cherry-pick can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_CHERRY_PICK_SEES_EMPTY_COMMIT=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES=1
+test_submodule_switch "git cherry-pick"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3513-revert-submodule.sh b/t/t3513-revert-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..db9378142a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3513-revert-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='revert can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+# Create a revert that moves from HEAD (including any test modifications to
+# the work tree) to $1 by first checking out $1 and reverting it. Reverting
+# the revert is the transition we test for. We tar the current work tree
+# first so we can restore the work tree test setup after doing the checkout
+# and revert.  We test here that the restored work tree content is identical
+# to that at the beginning. The last revert is then tested by the framework.
+git_revert () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	tar cf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tmp.tar" * &&
+	git checkout "$1" &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	tar xf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tmp.tar" &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git revert HEAD
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_CHERRY_PICK_SEES_EMPTY_COMMIT=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+test_submodule_switch "git_revert"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
index 9fd28bcf34..d046d98aec 100755
--- a/t/t3600-rm.sh
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      git add -- foo bar baz 'space embedded' -q &&
      git commit -m 'add normal files'"
 
-if touch -- 'tab	embedded' 'newline
+if test_have_prereq !MINGW && touch -- 'tab	embedded' 'newline
 embedded' 2>/dev/null
 then
 	test_set_prereq FUNNYNAMES
@@ -38,37 +38,37 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Test that git rm --cached foo succeeds if the index matches the file' \
-    'echo content > foo
-     git add foo
+    'echo content >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
      git rm --cached foo'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Test that git rm --cached foo succeeds if the index matches the file' \
-    'echo content > foo
-     git add foo
-     git commit -m foo
-     echo "other content" > foo
+    'echo content >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     git commit -m foo &&
+     echo "other content" >foo &&
      git rm --cached foo'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Test that git rm --cached foo fails if the index matches neither the file nor HEAD' '
-     echo content > foo
-     git add foo
-     git commit -m foo
-     echo "other content" > foo
-     git add foo
-     echo "yet another content" > foo
+     echo content >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     git commit -m foo --allow-empty &&
+     echo "other content" >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     echo "yet another content" >foo &&
      test_must_fail git rm --cached foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Test that git rm --cached -f foo works in case where --cached only did not' \
-    'echo content > foo
-     git add foo
-     git commit -m foo
-     echo "other content" > foo
-     git add foo
-     echo "yet another content" > foo
+    'echo content >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     git commit -m foo --allow-empty &&
+     echo "other content" >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     echo "yet another content" >foo &&
      git rm --cached -f foo'
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ test_expect_success '"rm" command printed' '
 	git add test-file &&
 	git commit -m "add file for rm test" &&
 	git rm test-file > rm-output &&
-	test `grep "^rm " rm-output | wc -l` = 1 &&
+	test $(grep "^rm " rm-output | wc -l) = 1 &&
 	rm -f test-file rm-output &&
 	git commit -m "remove file from rm test"
 '
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ test_expect_success '"rm" command suppressed with --quiet' '
 	git add test-file &&
 	git commit -m "add file for rm --quiet test" &&
 	git rm --quiet test-file > rm-output &&
-	test `wc -l < rm-output` = 0 &&
+	test $(wc -l < rm-output) = 0 &&
 	rm -f test-file rm-output &&
 	git commit -m "remove file from rm --quiet test"
 '
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ test_expect_success 'but with -f it should work.' '
 	git rm -f foo baz &&
 	test ! -f foo &&
 	test ! -f baz &&
-	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo &&
 	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch baz
 '
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ test_expect_success 'refuse to remove cached empty file with modifications' '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove intent-to-add file without --force' '
 	echo content >intent-to-add &&
-	git add -N intent-to-add
+	git add -N intent-to-add &&
 	git rm --cached intent-to-add
 '
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Recursive without -r fails' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Recursive with -r but dirty' '
-	echo qfwfq >>frotz/nitfol
+	echo qfwfq >>frotz/nitfol &&
 	test_must_fail git rm -r frotz &&
 	test -d frotz &&
 	test -f frotz/nitfol
@@ -240,18 +240,15 @@ test_expect_success 'refresh index before checking if it is up-to-date' '
 
 test_expect_success 'choking "git rm" should not let it die with cruft' '
 	git reset -q --hard &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/index.lock && git reset -q --hard" &&
 	i=0 &&
 	while test $i -lt 12000
 	do
-	    echo "100644 $_z40 0	some-file-$i"
+	    echo "100644 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 0	some-file-$i"
 	    i=$(( $i + 1 ))
 	done | git update-index --index-info &&
-	git rm -n "some-file-*" | :;
-	test -f .git/index.lock
-	status=$?
-	rm -f .git/index.lock
-	git reset -q --hard
-	test "$status" != 0
+	git rm -n "some-file-*" | : &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/index.lock
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rm removes subdirectories recursively' '
@@ -262,4 +259,626 @@ test_expect_success 'rm removes subdirectories recursively' '
 	! test -d dir
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+M  .gitmodules
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.modified <<EOF
+ M submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.cached <<EOF
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.both_deleted<<EOF
+D  .gitmodules
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes empty submodules from work tree' '
+	mkdir submod &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) submod &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ./. &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path submod &&
+	git submodule init &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule" &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -e submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes removed submodule from index and .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	rm -rf submod &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes a submodule with a trailing /' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm submod/ &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm fails when given a file with a trailing /' '
+	test_must_fail git rm empty/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm succeeds when given a directory with a trailing /' '
+	git rm -r frotz/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with different HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm --cached leaves work tree of populated submodules and .gitmodules alone' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.cached actual &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm --dry-run does not touch the submodule or .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm -n submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm does not complain when no .gitmodules file is found' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.both_deleted actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm will error out on a modified .gitmodules file unless staged' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules foo.bar true &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	test -s actual.err &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- submod &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm issues a warning when section is not found in .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	echo "warning: Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=submod" >expect.err &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git checkout -b branch1 &&
+	echo 1 >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol &&
+	git commit -m "added nitfol 1" &&
+	git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+	echo 2 >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol &&
+	git commit -m "added nitfol 2" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict1 master &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git checkout branch1
+	) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "submod 1" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict2 master &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout branch2
+	) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "submod 2"
+'
+
+cat >expect.conflict <<EOF
+UU submod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified conflicted submodule' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with different HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with a .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git merge --abort &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted unpopulated submodule succeeds' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with a .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+cat >expect.deepmodified <<EOF
+ M submod/subsubmod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup subsubmodule' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) subsubmod &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ../. &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path subsubmod &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "add subsubmodule" &&
+		git submodule update subsubmod
+	) &&
+	git commit -a -m "added deep submodule"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm recursively removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with different nested HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with nested modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with nested untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with a nested .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../../.git/modules/sub/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/subsubmod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/subsubmod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checking out a commit after submodule removal needs manual updates' '
+	git commit -m "submodule removal" submod &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git checkout -q HEAD^ 2>actual &&
+	git checkout -q master 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^warning: unable to rmdir submod:" actual &&
+	git status -s submod >actual &&
+	echo "?? submod/" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	rm -rf submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of d/f when d has become a non-directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test_path_is_file d
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm of d/f when d has become a dangling symlink' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	ln -s nonexistent d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_missing d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of file when it has become a directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -f d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	test_path_is_file d/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (no index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir e &&
+	echo content >e/f &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "symlink d to e, e/f exists" &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :e/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (w/ index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	echo content >d/f &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "d/f exists" &&
+	mv d e &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for testing rm messages' '
+	>bar.txt &&
+	>foo.txt &&
+	git add bar.txt foo.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with different staged content' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following files have staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    bar.txt
+	    foo.txt
+	(use -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	echo content1 >foo.txt &&
+	echo content1 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with different staged content without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following files have staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    bar.txt
+	    foo.txt
+	EOF
+	echo content2 >foo.txt &&
+	echo content2 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm foo.txt bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with local modification' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has local modifications:
+	    foo.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "testing rm 3" &&
+	echo content3 >foo.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with local modification without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has local modifications:
+	    bar.txt
+	EOF
+	echo content4 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with changes in the index' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    foo.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo content5 >foo.txt &&
+	git add foo.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with changes in the index without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    foo.txt
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with two different errors' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    foo1.txt
+	(use -f to force removal)
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    bar1.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	echo content >foo1.txt &&
+	git add foo1.txt &&
+	echo content6 >foo1.txt &&
+	echo content6 >bar1.txt &&
+	git add bar1.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm bar1.txt foo1.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3700-add.sh b/t/t3700-add.sh
index 575d9508a0..4865304ebb 100755
--- a/t/t3700-add.sh
+++ b/t/t3700-add.sh
@@ -25,16 +25,15 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 echo foo >xfoo1 &&
 	 chmod 755 xfoo1 &&
 	 git add xfoo1 &&
-	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo1`" in
+	 case "$(git ls-files --stage xfoo1)" in
 	 100644" "*xfoo1) echo pass;;
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
 	rm -f xfoo1 &&
-	ln -s foo xfoo1 &&
-	git add xfoo1 &&
-	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo1`" in
+	test_ln_s_add foo xfoo1 &&
+	case "$(git ls-files --stage xfoo1)" in
 	120000" "*xfoo1) echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
 	esac
@@ -46,27 +45,25 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 echo foo >xfoo2 &&
 	 chmod 755 xfoo2 &&
 	 git update-index --add xfoo2 &&
-	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo2`" in
+	 case "$(git ls-files --stage xfoo2)" in
 	 100644" "*xfoo2) echo pass;;
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
 	rm -f xfoo2 &&
-	ln -s foo xfoo2 &&
-	git update-index --add xfoo2 &&
-	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo2`" in
+	test_ln_s_add foo xfoo2 &&
+	case "$(git ls-files --stage xfoo2)" in
 	120000" "*xfoo2) echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
 	esac
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 	'git update-index --add: Test that executable bit is not used...' \
 	'git config core.filemode 0 &&
-	 ln -s xfoo2 xfoo3 &&
-	 git update-index --add xfoo3 &&
-	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo3`" in
+	 test_ln_s_add xfoo2 xfoo3 &&	# runs git update-index --add
+	 case "$(git ls-files --stage xfoo3)" in
 	 120000" "*xfoo3) echo pass;;
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo3; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
@@ -94,6 +91,13 @@ test_expect_success 'error out when attempting to add ignored ones without -f' '
 	! (git ls-files | grep "\\.ig")
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'error out when attempting to add ignored ones but add others' '
+	touch a.if &&
+	test_must_fail git add a.?? &&
+	! (git ls-files | grep "\\.ig") &&
+	(git ls-files | grep a.if)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'add ignored ones with -f' '
 	git add -f a.?? &&
 	git ls-files --error-unmatch a.ig
@@ -169,14 +173,29 @@ test_expect_success 'git add with filemode=0, symlinks=0 prefers stage 2 over st
 
 test_expect_success 'git add --refresh' '
 	>foo && git add foo && git commit -a -m "commit all" &&
-	test -z "`git diff-index HEAD -- foo`" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-index HEAD -- foo)" &&
 	git read-tree HEAD &&
-	case "`git diff-index HEAD -- foo`" in
+	case "$(git diff-index HEAD -- foo)" in
 	:100644" "*"M	foo") echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; (exit 1);;
 	esac &&
 	git add --refresh -- foo &&
-	test -z "`git diff-index HEAD -- foo`"
+	test -z "$(git diff-index HEAD -- foo)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git add --refresh with pathspec' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo >foo && echo >bar && echo >baz &&
+	git add foo bar baz && H=$(git rev-parse :foo) && git rm -f foo &&
+	echo "100644 $H 3	foo" | git update-index --index-info &&
+	test-chmtime -60 bar baz &&
+	>expect &&
+	git add --refresh bar >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git diff-files --name-only >actual &&
+	! grep bar actual&&
+	grep baz actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'git add should fail atomically upon an unreadable file' '
@@ -260,6 +279,25 @@ test_expect_success '"add non-existent" should fail' '
 	! (git ls-files | grep "non-existent")
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git add -A on empty repo does not error out' '
+	rm -fr empty &&
+	git init empty &&
+	(
+		cd empty &&
+		git add -A . &&
+		git add -A
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git add ." in empty repo' '
+	rm -fr empty &&
+	git init empty &&
+	(
+		cd empty &&
+		git add .
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git add --dry-run of existing changed file' "
 	echo new >>track-this &&
 	git add --dry-run track-this >actual 2>&1 &&
@@ -280,7 +318,6 @@ cat >expect.err <<\EOF
 The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:
 ignored-file
 Use -f if you really want to add them.
-fatal: no files added
 EOF
 cat >expect.out <<\EOF
 add 'track-this'
@@ -295,4 +332,34 @@ test_expect_success 'git add --dry-run --ignore-missing of non-existing file out
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git add --chmod=+x stages a non-executable file with +x' '
+	echo foo >foo1 &&
+	git add --chmod=+x foo1 &&
+	case "$(git ls-files --stage foo1)" in
+	100755" "*foo1) echo pass;;
+	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage foo1; (exit 1);;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git add --chmod=-x stages an executable file with -x' '
+	echo foo >xfoo1 &&
+	chmod 755 xfoo1 &&
+	git add --chmod=-x xfoo1 &&
+	case "$(git ls-files --stage xfoo1)" in
+	100644" "*xfoo1) echo pass;;
+	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SYMLINKS 'git add --chmod=+x with symlinks' '
+	git config core.filemode 1 &&
+	git config core.symlinks 1 &&
+	echo foo >foo2 &&
+	git add --chmod=+x foo2 &&
+	case "$(git ls-files --stage foo2)" in
+	100755" "*foo2) echo pass;;
+	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage foo2; (exit 1);;
+	esac
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
index 9e236f9cc0..deae948c76 100755
--- a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -2,20 +2,25 @@
 
 test_description='add -i basic tests'
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup (initial)' '
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping add -i tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	echo more >>file &&
 	echo lines >>file
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'status works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'status works (initial)' '
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
 	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..d95f3ad
@@ -26,19 +31,19 @@ index 0000000..d95f3ad
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'diff works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'diff works (initial)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/new file/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'revert works (initial)' '
 	git add file &&
 	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
 	git ls-files >output &&
 	! grep . output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'setup (commit)' '
 	echo baseline >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m commit &&
@@ -47,12 +52,12 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup (commit)' '
 	echo more >>file &&
 	echo lines >>file
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'status works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'status works (commit)' '
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
 	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 --- a/file
@@ -63,12 +68,12 @@ index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'diff works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'diff works (commit)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/^index/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'revert works (commit)' '
 	git add file &&
 	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
@@ -76,24 +81,24 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (commit)' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup fake editor' '
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
 	>fake_editor.sh &&
 	chmod a+x fake_editor.sh &&
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'dummy edit works' '
+test_expect_success 'dummy edit works' '
 	(echo e; echo a) | git add -p &&
 	git diff > diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 @@ -1,1 +1,4 @@
  this
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ cat >patch <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup fake editor' '
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
 	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake_editor.sh &&
 	cat >>fake_editor.sh <<\EOF &&
 mv -f "$1" oldpatch &&
@@ -113,26 +118,26 @@ EOF
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'bad edit rejected' '
+test_expect_success 'bad edit rejected' '
 	git reset &&
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
 	grep "hunk does not apply" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 this patch
 is garbage
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'garbage edit rejected' '
+test_expect_success 'garbage edit rejected' '
 	git reset &&
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
 	grep "hunk does not apply" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 @@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
  baseline
@@ -142,7 +147,7 @@ cat >patch <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/file b/file
 index b5dd6c9..f910ae9 100644
@@ -157,13 +162,13 @@ index b5dd6c9..f910ae9 100644
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'real edit works' '
+test_expect_success 'real edit works' '
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p &&
 	git diff >output &&
 	test_cmp expected output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
+test_expect_success 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
 	git reset &&
 	echo file >.gitignore &&
 	echo changed >file &&
@@ -177,7 +182,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
 '
 rm -f .gitignore
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -186,7 +191,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
 	git diff file | grep "new mode"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -196,7 +201,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -208,14 +213,14 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
 
 # end of tests disabled when filemode is not usable
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup again' '
+test_expect_success 'setup again' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_chmod +x file &&
 	echo content >>file
 '
 
 # Write the patch file with a new line at the top and bottom
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 --- a/file
@@ -229,7 +234,7 @@ EOF
 '
 
 # Expected output, similar to the patch but w/ diff at the top
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/file b/file
 index b6f2c08..61b9053 100755
@@ -244,7 +249,7 @@ EOF
 '
 
 # Test splitting the first patch, then adding both
-test_expect_success PERL 'add first line works' '
+test_expect_success 'add first line works' '
 	git commit -am "clear local changes" &&
 	git apply patch &&
 	(echo s; echo y; echo y) | git add -p file &&
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'add first line works' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/non-empty b/non-empty
 deleted file mode 100644
@@ -264,7 +269,7 @@ index d95f3ad..0000000
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'deleting a non-empty file' '
+test_expect_success 'deleting a non-empty file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >non-empty &&
 	git add non-empty &&
@@ -275,7 +280,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'deleting a non-empty file' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/empty b/empty
 deleted file mode 100644
@@ -283,7 +288,7 @@ index e69de29..0000000
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'deleting an empty file' '
+test_expect_success 'deleting an empty file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	> empty &&
 	git add empty &&
@@ -294,7 +299,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'deleting an empty file' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk setup' '
+test_expect_success 'split hunk setup' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	for i in 10 20 30 40 50 60
 	do
@@ -310,7 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk setup' '
 	done >test
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
+test_expect_success 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
 	# Split, say Edit and do nothing.  Then:
 	#
 	# 1. Broken version results in a patch that does not apply and
@@ -319,15 +324,60 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
 	# times to get out.
 	#
 	# 2. Correct version applies the (not)edited version, and asks
-	#    about the next hunk, against wich we say q and program
+	#    about the next hunk, against which we say q and program
 	#    exits.
-	for a in s e     q n q q
-	do
-		echo $a
-	done |
+	printf "%s\n" s e     q n q q |
 	EDITOR=: git add -p &&
 	git diff >actual &&
 	! grep "^+15" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'split hunk "add -p (no, yes, edit)"' '
+	cat >test <<-\EOF &&
+	5
+	10
+	20
+	21
+	30
+	31
+	40
+	50
+	60
+	EOF
+	git reset &&
+	# test sequence is s(plit), n(o), y(es), e(dit)
+	# q n q q is there to make sure we exit at the end.
+	printf "%s\n" s n y e   q n q q |
+	EDITOR=: git add -p 2>error &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
+	git diff >actual &&
+	! grep "^+31" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch mode ignores unmerged entries' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_commit conflict &&
+	test_commit non-conflict &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit side conflict.t &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit master conflict.t &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side &&
+	echo changed >non-conflict.t &&
+	echo y | git add -p >output &&
+	! grep a/conflict.t output &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	* Unmerged path conflict.t
+	diff --git a/non-conflict.t b/non-conflict.t
+	index f766221..5ea2ed4 100644
+	--- a/non-conflict.t
+	+++ b/non-conflict.t
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-non-conflict
+	+changed
+	EOF
+	git diff --cached >diff &&
+	test_cmp expected diff
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3702-add-edit.sh b/t/t3702-add-edit.sh
index 4ee47cc9a8..3cb74ca296 100755
--- a/t/t3702-add-edit.sh
+++ b/t/t3702-add-edit.sh
@@ -118,4 +118,11 @@ test_expect_success 'add -e' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'add -e notices editor failure' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo change >>file &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR=false git add -e &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff --exit-code
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3703-add-magic-pathspec.sh b/t/t3703-add-magic-pathspec.sh
index 5115de7036..3ef525a559 100755
--- a/t/t3703-add-magic-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t3703-add-magic-pathspec.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ cat >expected <<EOF
 add 'sub/foo'
 EOF
 
-if mkdir ":" 2>/dev/null
+if test_have_prereq !MINGW && mkdir ":" 2>/dev/null
 then
 	test_set_prereq COLON_DIR
 fi
diff --git a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
index d48a7c002d..4bf1dbe9c9 100755
--- a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
@@ -34,11 +34,47 @@ test_expect_success 'no encoding header for base case' '
 	test z = "z$E"
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'UTF-16 refused because of NULs' '
+test_expect_success 'UTF-16 refused because of NULs' '
 	echo UTF-16 >F &&
-	git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/UTF-16.txt
+	test_must_fail git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/UTF-16.txt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 invalid characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 characters" >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nInvalid surrogate:\355\240\200\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 overlong sequences rejected' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 overlong" >F &&
+	printf "\340\202\251ommit message\n\nThis is not a space:\300\240\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 non-characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 non-character 1" >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nNon-character:\364\217\277\276\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 non-characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 non-character 2." >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nNon-character:\357\267\220\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
 
 for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
 do
@@ -160,7 +196,7 @@ test_commit_autosquash_flags () {
 		git config --unset-all i18n.commitencoding &&
 		git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 		git log --oneline >actual &&
-		test 3 = $(wc -l <actual)
+		test_line_count = 3 actual
 	'
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt b/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2257f05a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt
diff --git a/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh b/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh
index 31a5770b34..509084e1a7 100755
--- a/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ test_description='i18n settings and format-patch | am pipe'
 
 check_encoding () {
 	# Make sure characters are not corrupted
-	cnt="$1" header="$2" i=1 j=0 bad=0
+	cnt="$1" header="$2" i=1 j=0
 	while test "$i" -le $cnt
 	do
 		git format-patch --encoding=UTF-8 --stdout HEAD~$i..HEAD~$j |
@@ -20,14 +20,10 @@ check_encoding () {
 			grep "^encoding ISO8859-1" ;;
 		*)
 			grep "^encoding ISO8859-1"; test "$?" != 0 ;;
-		esac || {
-			bad=1
-			break
-		}
+		esac || return 1
 		j=$i
 		i=$(($i+1))
 	done
-	(exit $bad)
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -54,10 +50,13 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git add yours &&
 	git commit -s -m "Second on side" &&
 
-	# the second one on the side branch is ISO-8859-1
-	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
-	# use author and committer name in ISO-8859-1 to match it.
-	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+	if test_have_prereq !MINGW
+	then
+		# the second one on the side branch is ISO-8859-1
+		git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+		# use author and committer name in ISO-8859-1 to match it.
+		. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt
+	fi &&
 	test_tick &&
 	echo Yet another >theirs &&
 	git add theirs &&
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase (U/L)' '
 	check_encoding 2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase (L/L)' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'rebase (L/L)' '
 	# In this test we want ISO-8859-1 encoded commits as the result
 	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
 	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase (L/L)' '
 	check_encoding 2 8859
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase (L/U)' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'rebase (L/U)' '
 	# This is pathological -- use UTF-8 as intermediate form
 	# to get ISO-8859-1 results.
 	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(U/U)' '
 	check_encoding 3
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(L/L)' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'cherry-pick(L/L)' '
 	# Both the commitencoding and logoutputencoding is set to ISO-8859-1
 
 	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(U/L)' '
 	check_encoding 3
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(L/U)' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'cherry-pick(L/U)' '
 	# Again, the commitencoding is set to ISO-8859-1 but
 	# logoutputencoding is set to UTF-8.
 
@@ -252,4 +251,66 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase --merge (L/U)' '
 	check_encoding 2 8859
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am (U/U)' '
+	# Apply UTF-8 patches with UTF-8 commitencoding
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git am out-u1 out-u2 &&
+
+	check_encoding 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'am (L/L)' '
+	# Apply ISO-8859-1 patches with ISO-8859-1 commitencoding
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git am out-l1 out-l2 &&
+
+	check_encoding 2 8859
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am (U/L)' '
+	# Apply ISO-8859-1 patches with UTF-8 commitencoding
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+	git reset --hard master &&
+
+	# am specifies --utf8 by default.
+	git am out-l1 out-l2 &&
+
+	check_encoding 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --no-utf8 (U/L)' '
+	# Apply ISO-8859-1 patches with UTF-8 commitencoding
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git am --no-utf8 out-l1 out-l2 2>err &&
+
+	# commit-tree will warn that the commit message does not contain valid UTF-8
+	# as mailinfo did not convert it
+	grep "did not conform" err &&
+
+	check_encoding 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'am (L/U)' '
+	# Apply UTF-8 patches with ISO-8859-1 commitencoding
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	# mailinfo will re-code the commit message to the charset specified by
+	# i18n.commitencoding
+	git am out-u1 out-u2 &&
+
+	check_encoding 2 8859
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3902-quoted.sh b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
index 534ee08a44..f528008c36 100755
--- a/t/t3902-quoted.sh
+++ b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ GN='ç´”'
 HT='	'
 DQ='"'
 
+test_have_prereq MINGW ||
 echo foo 2>/dev/null > "Name and an${HT}HT"
 if ! test -f "Name and an${HT}HT"
 then
 	# FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames
-	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-else
-	test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
 fi
 
 for_each_name () {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ for_each_name () {
 	done
 }
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup' '
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 	mkdir "$FN" &&
 	for_each_name "echo initial >\"\$name\"" &&
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected files' '
 cat >expect.quoted <<\EOF &&
 Name
 "Name and a\nLF"
@@ -75,74 +75,74 @@ With SP in it
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
 
 	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
 
 	git diff --name-only >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
 
 	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setting core.quotepath' '
+test_expect_success 'setting core.quotepath' '
 
 	git config --bool core.quotepath false
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
 
 	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
 
 	git diff --name-only >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
 
 	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
diff --git a/t/t3903-stash.sh b/t/t3903-stash.sh
index fcdb18217a..2142c1fa92 100755
--- a/t/t3903-stash.sh
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ test_description='Test git stash'
 test_expect_success 'stash some dirty working directory' '
 	echo 1 > file &&
 	git add file &&
+	echo unrelated >other-file &&
+	git add other-file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	echo 2 > file &&
@@ -45,8 +47,6 @@ test_expect_success 'applying bogus stash does nothing' '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply does not need clean working directory' '
 	echo 4 >other-file &&
-	git add other-file &&
-	echo 5 >other-file &&
 	git stash apply &&
 	echo 3 >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect file
@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ test_expect_success 'unstashing in a subdirectory' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'stash drop complains of extra options' '
+	test_must_fail git stash drop --foo
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'drop top stash' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git stash list > stashlist1 &&
@@ -200,17 +204,17 @@ test_expect_success 'apply -q is quiet' '
 	echo foo > file &&
 	git stash &&
 	git stash apply -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'save -q is quiet' '
 	git stash save --quiet > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pop -q is quiet' '
 	git stash pop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pop -q --index works and is quiet' '
@@ -219,13 +223,13 @@ test_expect_success 'pop -q --index works and is quiet' '
 	git stash save --quiet &&
 	git stash pop -q --index > output.out 2>&1 &&
 	test foo = "$(git show :file)" &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'drop -q is quiet' '
 	git stash &&
 	git stash drop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stash -k' '
@@ -336,41 +340,58 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash file to symlink (full stage)' '
 
 # This test creates a commit with a symlink used for the following tests
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-	ln -s file filelink &&
-	git add filelink &&
+	test_ln_s_add file filelink &&
 	git commit -m "Add symlink" &&
 	rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file (stage rm)' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file (stage rm)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file (stage rm)" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file (stage rm)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file (full stage)' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file (full stage)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
 	git add filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file (full stage)" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file (full stage)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
@@ -432,7 +453,7 @@ test_expect_success 'stash branch - stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
 	test $(git ls-files --modified | wc -l) -eq 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'stash show - stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
+test_expect_success 'stash show format defaults to --stat' '
 	git stash clear &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD" &&
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -443,10 +464,25 @@ test_expect_success 'stash show - stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
 	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	 file |    1 +
-	 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	 file | 1 +
+	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	EOF
 	git stash show ${STASH_ID} >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash show - stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD" &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo foo >> file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	echo bar >> file &&
+	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo "1	0	file" >expected &&
+	git stash show --numstat ${STASH_ID} >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -480,11 +516,8 @@ test_expect_success 'stash show - no stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
 	echo foo >> file &&
 	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	 file |    1 +
-	 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
-	EOF
-	git stash show ${STASH_ID} >actual &&
+	echo "1	0	file" >expected &&
+	git stash show --numstat ${STASH_ID} >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -598,6 +631,103 @@ test_expect_success 'stash apply shows status same as git status (relative to cu
 		git stash apply
 	) |
 	sed -e 1,2d >actual && # drop "Saved..." and "HEAD is now..."
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+diff --git a/HEAD b/HEAD
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..fe0cbee
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/HEAD
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++file-not-a-ref
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'stash where working directory contains "HEAD" file' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo file-not-a-ref > HEAD &&
+	git add HEAD &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git stash &&
+	git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse stash^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	git diff stash^..stash > output &&
+	test_cmp output expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'store called with invalid commit' '
+	test_must_fail git stash store foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'store updates stash ref and reflog' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo quux >bazzy &&
+	git add bazzy &&
+	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	! grep quux bazzy &&
+	git stash store -m quuxery $STASH_ID &&
+	test $(cat .git/refs/stash) = $STASH_ID &&
+	git reflog --format=%H stash| grep $STASH_ID &&
+	git stash pop &&
+	grep quux bazzy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'handle stash specification with spaces' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	echo pig >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	stamp=$(git log -g --format="%cd" -1 refs/stash) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo cow >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash apply "stash@{$stamp}" &&
+	grep pig file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup stash with index and worktree changes' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo index >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo working >file &&
+	git stash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash list implies --first-parent -m' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	stash@{0}
+
+	diff --git a/file b/file
+	index 257cc56..d26b33d 100644
+	--- a/file
+	+++ b/file
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-foo
+	+working
+	EOF
+	git stash list --format=%gd -p >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash list --cc shows combined diff' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	stash@{0}
+
+	diff --cc file
+	index 257cc56,9015a7a..d26b33d
+	--- a/file
+	+++ b/file
+	@@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,1 @@@
+	- foo
+	 -index
+	++working
+	EOF
+	git stash list --format=%gd -p --cc >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh b/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh
index 781fd71681..38e730090f 100755
--- a/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git checkout --patch'
+test_description='stash -p'
 . ./lib-patch-mode.sh
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping stash -p tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	mkdir dir &&
 	echo parent > dir/foo &&
 	echo dummy > bar &&
-	git add bar dir/foo &&
+	echo committed > HEAD &&
+	git add bar dir/foo HEAD &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	test_tick &&
 	test_commit second dir/foo head &&
@@ -17,51 +24,84 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 	save_head
 '
 
-# note: bar sorts before dir, so the first 'n' is always to skip 'bar'
+# note: order of files with unstaged changes: HEAD bar dir/foo
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'saying "n" does nothing' '
+test_expect_success 'saying "n" does nothing' '
+	set_state HEAD HEADfile_work HEADfile_index &&
 	set_state dir/foo work index &&
-	(echo n; echo n) | test_must_fail git stash save -p &&
-	verify_state dir/foo work index &&
-	verify_saved_state bar
+	(echo n; echo n; echo n) | test_must_fail git stash save -p &&
+	verify_state HEAD HEADfile_work HEADfile_index &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work index
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'git stash -p' '
-	(echo n; echo y) | git stash save -p &&
-	verify_state dir/foo head index &&
+test_expect_success 'git stash -p' '
+	(echo y; echo n; echo y) | git stash save -p &&
+	verify_state HEAD committed HEADfile_index &&
 	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head index &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git stash apply &&
-	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
-	verify_state bar dummy dummy
+	verify_state HEAD HEADfile_work committed &&
+	verify_state bar dummy dummy &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work head
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'git stash -p --no-keep-index' '
-	set_state dir/foo work index &&
+test_expect_success 'git stash -p --no-keep-index' '
+	set_state HEAD HEADfile_work HEADfile_index &&
 	set_state bar bar_work bar_index &&
-	(echo n; echo y) | git stash save -p --no-keep-index &&
-	verify_state dir/foo head head &&
+	set_state dir/foo work index &&
+	(echo y; echo n; echo y) | git stash save -p --no-keep-index &&
+	verify_state HEAD committed committed &&
 	verify_state bar bar_work dummy &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head head &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git stash apply --index &&
-	verify_state dir/foo work index &&
-	verify_state bar dummy bar_index
+	verify_state HEAD HEADfile_work HEADfile_index &&
+	verify_state bar dummy bar_index &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work index
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'git stash --no-keep-index -p' '
-	set_state dir/foo work index &&
+test_expect_success 'git stash --no-keep-index -p' '
+	set_state HEAD HEADfile_work HEADfile_index &&
 	set_state bar bar_work bar_index &&
-	(echo n; echo y) | git stash save --no-keep-index -p &&
+	set_state dir/foo work index &&
+	(echo y; echo n; echo y) | git stash save --no-keep-index -p &&
+	verify_state HEAD committed committed &&
 	verify_state dir/foo head head &&
 	verify_state bar bar_work dummy &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git stash apply --index &&
-	verify_state dir/foo work index &&
-	verify_state bar dummy bar_index
+	verify_state HEAD HEADfile_work HEADfile_index &&
+	verify_state bar dummy bar_index &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work index
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'none of this moved HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'none of this moved HEAD' '
 	verify_saved_head
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'stash -p with split hunk' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	cat >test <<-\EOF &&
+	aaa
+	bbb
+	ccc
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m "initial" &&
+	cat >test <<-\EOF &&
+	aaa
+	added line 1
+	bbb
+	added line 2
+	ccc
+	EOF
+	printf "%s\n" s n y q |
+	test_might_fail git stash -p 2>error &&
+	! test_must_be_empty error &&
+	grep "added line 1" test &&
+	! grep "added line 2" test
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh b/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
index ef44fb2260..f372fc8ca8 100755
--- a/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
+++ b/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'stash save --include-untracked some dirty working directory
 	echo 3 > file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	echo 1 > file2 &&
+	echo 1 > HEAD &&
 	mkdir untracked &&
 	echo untracked >untracked/untracked &&
 	git stash --include-untracked &&
@@ -35,6 +36,13 @@ test_expect_success 'stash save --include-untracked cleaned the untracked files'
 '
 
 cat > expect.diff <<EOF
+diff --git a/HEAD b/HEAD
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..d00491f
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/HEAD
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++1
 diff --git a/file2 b/file2
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..d00491f
@@ -51,14 +59,16 @@ index 0000000..5a72eb2
 +untracked
 EOF
 cat > expect.lstree <<EOF
+HEAD
 file2
 untracked
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'stash save --include-untracked stashed the untracked files' '
-	test "!" -f file2 &&
-	test ! -e untracked &&
-	git diff HEAD stash^3 -- file2 untracked >actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing file2 &&
+	test_path_is_missing untracked &&
+	test_path_is_missing HEAD &&
+	git diff HEAD stash^3 -- HEAD file2 untracked >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.diff actual &&
 	git ls-tree --name-only stash^3: >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.lstree actual
@@ -75,6 +85,7 @@ git clean --force --quiet
 
 cat > expect <<EOF
  M file
+?? HEAD
 ?? actual
 ?? expect
 ?? file2
@@ -85,8 +96,8 @@ test_expect_success 'stash pop after save --include-untracked leaves files untra
 	git stash pop &&
 	git status --porcelain >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	test "1" = "`cat file2`" &&
-	test untracked = "`cat untracked/untracked`"
+	test "1" = "$(cat file2)" &&
+	test untracked = "$(cat untracked/untracked)"
 '
 
 git clean --force --quiet -d
@@ -116,10 +127,12 @@ test_expect_success 'stash save --include-untracked dirty index got stashed' '
 
 git reset > /dev/null
 
+# Must direct output somewhere where it won't be considered an untracked file
 test_expect_success 'stash save --include-untracked -q is quiet' '
 	echo 1 > file5 &&
-	git stash save --include-untracked --quiet > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	git stash save --include-untracked --quiet > .git/stash-output.out 2>&1 &&
+	test_line_count = 0 .git/stash-output.out &&
+	rm -f .git/stash-output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stash save --include-untracked removed files' '
@@ -133,7 +146,7 @@ rm -f expect
 
 test_expect_success 'stash save --include-untracked removed files got stashed' '
 	git stash pop &&
-	test ! -f file
+	test_path_is_missing file
 '
 
 cat > .gitignore <<EOF
@@ -155,14 +168,14 @@ test_expect_success 'stash save --include-untracked respects .gitignore' '
 test_expect_success 'stash save -u can stash with only untracked files different' '
 	echo 4 > file4 &&
 	git stash -u &&
-	test "!" -f file4
+	test_path_is_missing file4
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stash save --all does not respect .gitignore' '
 	git stash -a &&
-	test "!" -f ignored &&
-	test "!" -e ignored.d &&
-	test "!" -f .gitignore
+	test_path_is_missing ignored &&
+	test_path_is_missing ignored.d &&
+	test_path_is_missing .gitignore
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stash save --all is stash poppable' '
diff --git a/t/t3906-stash-submodule.sh b/t/t3906-stash-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d7219d6f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3906-stash-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='stash apply can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+git_stash () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	git read-tree -u -m "$1" &&
+	git stash &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash apply
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_STASH_DOES_IGNORE_SUBMODULE_CHANGES=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_CHERRY_PICK_SEES_EMPTY_COMMIT=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+test_submodule_switch "git_stash"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..26dd5b7f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Torsten Bögershausen
+#
+
+test_description='utf-8 decomposed (nfd) converted to precomposed (nfc)'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+then
+	skip_all="filesystem does not corrupt utf-8"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# create utf-8 variables
+Adiarnfc=$(printf '\303\204')
+Adiarnfd=$(printf 'A\314\210')
+
+Odiarnfc=$(printf '\303\226')
+Odiarnfd=$(printf 'O\314\210')
+AEligatu=$(printf '\303\206')
+Invalidu=$(printf '\303\377')
+
+
+#Create a string with 255 bytes (decomposed)
+Alongd=$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd #21 Byte
+Alongd=$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd                                           #63 Byte
+Alongd=$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd$Adiarnfd                           #255 Byte
+
+#Create a string with 254 bytes (precomposed)
+Alongc=$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu #10 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc           #50 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc           #250 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$AEligatu$AEligatu                     #254 Byte
+
+test_expect_success "detect if nfd needed" '
+	precomposeunicode=$(git config core.precomposeunicode) &&
+	test "$precomposeunicode" = true &&
+	git config core.precomposeunicode true
+'
+test_expect_success "setup" '
+	>x &&
+	git add x &&
+	git commit -m "1st commit" &&
+	git rm x &&
+	git commit -m "rm x"
+'
+test_expect_success "setup case mac" '
+	git checkout -b mac_os
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git diff
+test_expect_success "git diff f.Adiar" '
+	touch f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	echo f.Adiarnfc >f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git diff f.$Adiarnfd >expect &&
+	git diff f.$Adiarnfc >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git reset HEAD f.Adiarnfc &&
+	rm f.$Adiarnfc expect actual
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git diff-files
+test_expect_success "git diff-files f.Adiar" '
+	touch f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	echo f.Adiarnfc >f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git diff-files f.$Adiarnfd >expect &&
+	git diff-files f.$Adiarnfc >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git reset HEAD f.Adiarnfc &&
+	rm f.$Adiarnfc expect actual
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git diff-index
+test_expect_success "git diff-index f.Adiar" '
+	touch f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	echo f.Adiarnfc >f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git diff-index HEAD f.$Adiarnfd >expect &&
+	git diff-index HEAD f.$Adiarnfc >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git reset HEAD f.Adiarnfc &&
+	rm f.$Adiarnfc expect actual
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in readdir()
+test_expect_success "add file Adiarnfc" '
+	echo f.Adiarnfc >f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "add f.$Adiarnfc"
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git diff-tree
+test_expect_success "git diff-tree f.Adiar" '
+	echo f.Adiarnfc >>f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git diff-tree HEAD f.$Adiarnfd >expect &&
+	git diff-tree HEAD f.$Adiarnfc >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git checkout f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	rm expect actual
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git stage()
+test_expect_success "stage file d.Adiarnfd/f.Adiarnfd" '
+	mkdir d.$Adiarnfd &&
+	echo d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd >d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git stage d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git commit -m "add d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd"
+'
+test_expect_success "add link Adiarnfc" '
+	ln -s d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd l.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add l.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "add l.Adiarnfc"
+'
+# This will test git log
+test_expect_success "git log f.Adiar" '
+	git log f.$Adiarnfc > f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	git log f.$Adiarnfd > f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test_cmp f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	rm f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log
+'
+# This will test git ls-files
+test_expect_success "git lsfiles f.Adiar" '
+	git ls-files f.$Adiarnfc > f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	git ls-files f.$Adiarnfd > f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test_cmp f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	rm f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log
+'
+# This will test git mv
+test_expect_success "git mv" '
+	git mv f.$Adiarnfd f.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git mv d.$Adiarnfd d.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git mv l.$Adiarnfd l.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "mv Adiarnfd Odiarnfc"
+'
+# Files can be checked out as nfc
+# And the link has been corrected from nfd to nfc
+test_expect_success "git checkout nfc" '
+	rm f.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git checkout f.$Odiarnfc
+'
+# Make it possible to checkout files with their NFD names
+test_expect_success "git checkout file nfd" '
+	rm -f f.* &&
+	git checkout f.$Odiarnfd
+'
+# Make it possible to checkout links with their NFD names
+test_expect_success "git checkout link nfd" '
+	rm l.* &&
+	git checkout l.$Odiarnfd
+'
+test_expect_success "setup case mac2" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_2
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git commit
+test_expect_success "commit file d2.Adiarnfd/f.Adiarnfd" '
+	mkdir d2.$Adiarnfd &&
+	echo d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd >d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git add d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git commit -m "add d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd" -- d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd
+'
+test_expect_success "setup for long decomposed filename" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_long_nfd_fn
+'
+test_expect_success "Add long decomposed filename" '
+	echo longd >$Alongd &&
+	git add * &&
+	git commit -m "Long filename"
+'
+test_expect_success "setup for long precomposed filename" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_long_nfc_fn
+'
+test_expect_success "Add long precomposed filename" '
+	echo longc >$Alongc &&
+	git add * &&
+	git commit -m "Long filename"
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'handle existing decomposed filenames' '
+	echo content >"verbatim.$Adiarnfd" &&
+	git -c core.precomposeunicode=false add "verbatim.$Adiarnfd" &&
+	git commit -m "existing decomposed file" &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files --exclude-standard -o "verbatim*" >untracked &&
+	test_cmp expect untracked
+'
+
+# Test if the global core.precomposeunicode stops autosensing
+# Must be the last test case
+test_expect_success "respect git config --global core.precomposeunicode" '
+	git config --global core.precomposeunicode true &&
+	rm -rf .git &&
+	git init &&
+	precomposeunicode=$(git config core.precomposeunicode) &&
+	test "$precomposeunicode" = "true"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
index 6ddd46915d..8de36b7d12 100755
--- a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
+++ b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ line 3'
 cat path0 >path1
 chmod +x path1
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' \
-    'git update-index --add path0 path1'
+test_expect_success 'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' '
+	git update-index --add path0 path1
+'
 
 mv path0 path0-
 sed -e 's/line/Line/' <path0- >path0
 chmod +x path0
 rm -f path1
-test_expect_success \
-    'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' \
-    'git diff-files -p >current'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' '
+	git diff-files -p >actual
+'
 
 # that's as far as it comes
 if [ "$(git config --get core.filemode)" = false ]
@@ -55,8 +55,38 @@ deleted file mode 100755
 -line 3
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git diff-files -p output.' \
-    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'validate git diff-files -p output.' '
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -s after editing work tree' '
+	git diff-files -s >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch as synonym for -s' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch --patch shows the patch' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch --patch >actual &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch --patch-with-raw shows the patch and raw data' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch --patch-with-raw >actual &&
+	grep -q "^:100644 100755 .* 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0\$" actual &&
+	tail -n +4 actual >actual-patch &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual-patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --patch --no-patch does not show the patch' '
+	git diff-files --patch --no-patch >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
index 844277cfa6..0d1fa45d25 100755
--- a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
@@ -9,21 +9,84 @@ test_description='Test rename detection in diff engine.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
-echo >path0 'Line 1
-Line 2
-Line 3
-Line 4
-Line 5
-Line 6
-Line 7
-Line 8
-Line 9
-Line 10
-line 11
-Line 12
-Line 13
-Line 14
-Line 15
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >path0 <<-\EOF &&
+	Line 1
+	Line 2
+	Line 3
+	Line 4
+	Line 5
+	Line 6
+	Line 7
+	Line 8
+	Line 9
+	Line 10
+	line 11
+	Line 12
+	Line 13
+	Line 14
+	Line 15
+	EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/path0 b/path1
+	rename from path0
+	rename to path1
+	--- a/path0
+	+++ b/path1
+	@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Line 7
+	 Line 8
+	 Line 9
+	 Line 10
+	-line 11
+	+Line 11
+	 Line 12
+	 Line 13
+	 Line 14
+	EOF
+	cat >no-rename <<-\EOF
+	diff --git a/path0 b/path0
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index fdbec44..0000000
+	--- a/path0
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
+	-Line 1
+	-Line 2
+	-Line 3
+	-Line 4
+	-Line 5
+	-Line 6
+	-Line 7
+	-Line 8
+	-Line 9
+	-Line 10
+	-line 11
+	-Line 12
+	-Line 13
+	-Line 14
+	-Line 15
+	diff --git a/path1 b/path1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..752c50e
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/path1
+	@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+	+Line 1
+	+Line 2
+	+Line 3
+	+Line 4
+	+Line 5
+	+Line 6
+	+Line 7
+	+Line 8
+	+Line 9
+	+Line 10
+	+Line 11
+	+Line 12
+	+Line 13
+	+Line 14
+	+Line 15
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -43,27 +106,27 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
     'git diff-index -p -M after rename and editing.' \
     'git diff-index -p -M $tree >current'
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-diff --git a/path0 b/path1
-rename from path0
-rename to path1
---- a/path0
-+++ b/path1
-@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Line 7
- Line 8
- Line 9
- Line 10
--line 11
-+Line 11
- Line 12
- Line 13
- Line 14
-EOF
+
 
 test_expect_success \
     'validate the output.' \
     'compare_diff_patch current expected'
 
+test_expect_success 'test diff.renames=true' '
+	git -c diff.renames=true diff --cached $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch current expected
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test diff.renames=false' '
+	git -c diff.renames=false diff --cached $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch current no-rename
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test diff.renames unset' '
+	git diff --cached $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch current expected
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'favour same basenames over different ones' '
 	cp path1 another-path &&
 	git add another-path &&
@@ -77,6 +140,17 @@ test_expect_success 'favour same basenames even with minor differences' '
 	git show HEAD:path1 | sed "s/15/16/" > subdir/path1 &&
 	git status | test_i18ngrep "renamed: .*path1 -> subdir/path1"'
 
+test_expect_success 'two files with same basename and same content' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir -p dir/A dir/B &&
+	cp path1 dir/A/file &&
+	cp path1 dir/B/file &&
+	git add dir &&
+	git commit -m 2 &&
+	git mv dir other-dir &&
+	git status | test_i18ngrep "renamed: .*dir/A/file -> other-dir/A/file"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup for many rename source candidates' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9;
@@ -102,4 +176,58 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for many rename source candidates' '
 	grep warning actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with nothing in common' '
+	mkdir -p a/b/ &&
+	: >a/b/c &&
+	git add a/b/c &&
+	git commit -m "create a/b/c" &&
+	mkdir -p c/b/ &&
+	git mv a/b/c c/b/a &&
+	git commit -m "a/b/c -> c/b/a" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix' '
+	mkdir -p c/d &&
+	git mv c/b/a c/d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/b/a -> c/d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common suffix' '
+	mkdir d &&
+	git mv c/d/e d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/d/e -> d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix and suffix' '
+	mkdir d/f &&
+	git mv d/e d/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/e -> d/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print common prefix and suffix overlap' '
+	mkdir d/f/f &&
+	git mv d/f/e d/f/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/f/e d/f/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh b/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh
index bfa8835638..df2accb655 100755
--- a/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh
+++ b/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='More rename detection
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare reference tree' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      echo frotz >rezrov &&
     git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare work tree once again' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
 
 # tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING and COPYING.1,
diff --git a/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh b/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
index 77d7f4946f..135addbfbd 100755
--- a/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
+++ b/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='Same rename detection as t4003 but testing diff-raw.
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare reference tree' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      echo frotz >rezrov &&
     git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 # tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has the same COPYING and
 # copy-edited COPYING.1, and unchanged rezrov.  We should not say
-# anything about rezrov nor COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
+# anything about rezrov or COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
 # nows how to say Copy.
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare work tree once again' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
 
 git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder $tree >current
diff --git a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
index ff8c2f7532..76f643b2c2 100755
--- a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
+++ b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
@@ -8,23 +8,52 @@ test_description='Test mode change diffs.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'setup' \
-    'echo frotz >rezrov &&
-     git update-index --add rezrov &&
-     tree=`git write-tree` &&
-     echo $tree'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'chmod' \
-    'test_chmod +x rezrov &&
-     git diff-index $tree >current'
-
-sed -e 's/\(:100644 100755\) \('"$_x40"'\) \2 /\1 X X /' <current >check
-echo ":100644 100755 X X M	rezrov" >expected
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'verify' \
-    'test_cmp expected check'
+sed_script='s/\(:100644 100755\) \('"$_x40"'\) \2 /\1 X X /'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo frotz >rezrov &&
+	git update-index --add rezrov &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	echo $tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'chmod' '
+	test_chmod +x rezrov &&
+	git diff-index $tree >current &&
+	sed -e "$sed_script" <current >check &&
+	echo ":100644 100755 X X M	rezrov" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected check
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare binary file' '
+	git commit -m rezrov &&
+	printf "\00\01\02\03\04\05\06" >binbin &&
+	git add binbin &&
+	git commit -m binbin
+'
+
+# test_expect_success '--stat output after text chmod' '
+# 	test_chmod -x rezrov &&
+# 	echo " 0 files changed" >expect &&
+# 	git diff HEAD --stat >actual &&
+#	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--shortstat output after text chmod' '
+# 	git diff HEAD --shortstat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--stat output after binary chmod' '
+# 	test_chmod +x binbin &&
+# 	echo " 0 files changed" >expect &&
+# 	git diff HEAD --stat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--shortstat output after binary chmod' '
+# 	git diff HEAD --shortstat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4007-rename-3.sh b/t/t4007-rename-3.sh
index 11502b7509..dae327fabb 100755
--- a/t/t4007-rename-3.sh
+++ b/t/t4007-rename-3.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='Rename interaction with pathspec.
 
 test_expect_success 'prepare reference tree' '
 	mkdir path0 path1 &&
-	cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING path0/COPYING &&
+	cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING path0/COPYING &&
 	git update-index --add path0/COPYING &&
 	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo $tree
diff --git a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
index 73b4a24f5e..9dd1bc5e16 100755
--- a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
@@ -10,179 +10,145 @@ We have two very different files, file0 and file1, registered in a tree.
 We update file1 so drastically that it is more similar to file0, and
 then remove file0.  With -B, changes to file1 should be broken into
 separate delete and create, resulting in removal of file0, removal of
-original file1 and creation of completely rewritten file1.
+original file1 and creation of completely rewritten file1.  The latter
+two are then merged back into a single "complete rewrite".
 
 Further, with -B and -M together, these three modifications should
 turn into rename-edit of file0 into file1.
 
 Starting from the same two files in the tree, we swap file0 and file1.
-With -B, this should be detected as two complete rewrites, resulting in
-four changes in total.
+With -B, this should be detected as two complete rewrites.
 
 Further, with -B and -M together, these should turn into two renames.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
 
-test_expect_success \
-    setup \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../README >file0 &&
-     cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >file1 &&
-    git update-index --add file0 file1 &&
-    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
-    echo "$tree"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'change file1 with copy-edit of file0 and remove file0' \
-    'sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
-     rm -f file0 &&
-    git update-index --remove file0 file1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B' \
-    'git diff-index -B --cached "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 11e331465a89c394dc25c780de230043750c1ec8 M100	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B (#1)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B and -M' \
-    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c R100	file0	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B -M (#2)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'swap file0 and file1' \
-    'rm -f file0 file1 &&
-     git read-tree -m $tree &&
-     git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
-     mv file0 tmp &&
-     mv file1 file0 &&
-     mv tmp file1 &&
-     git update-index file0 file1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B' \
-    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 M100	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M100	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B (#3)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B and -M' \
-    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 R100	file1	file0
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 R100	file0	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B -M (#4)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'make file0 into something completely different' \
-    'rm -f file0 &&
-     ln -s frotz file0 &&
-     git update-index file0 file1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B' \
-    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M100	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'validate result of -B (#5)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B -M' \
-    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
-
-# file0 changed from regular to symlink.  file1 is very close to the preimage of file0.
-# because we break file0, file1 can become a rename of it.
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 R	file0	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'validate result of -B -M (#6)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -M' \
-    'git diff-index -M "$tree" >current'
-
-# This should not mistake file0 as the copy source of new file1
-# due to type differences.
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'validate result of -M (#7)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'file1 edited to look like file0 and file0 rename-edited to file2' \
-    'rm -f file0 file1 &&
-     git read-tree -m $tree &&
-     git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
-     sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
-     sed -e "s/git/GET/" file0 >file2 &&
-     rm -f file0 &&
-     git update-index --add --remove file0 file1 file2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B' \
-    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c M100	file1
-:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 A	file2
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B (#8)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B -C' \
-    'git diff-index -B -C "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c C095	file0	file1
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 59f832e5c8b3f7e486be15ad0cd3e95ba9af8998 R095	file0	file2
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B -M (#9)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+test_expect_success setup '
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/README >file0 &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >file1 &&
+	git update-index --add file0 file1 &&
+	git tag reference $(git write-tree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'change file1 with copy-edit of file0 and remove file0' '
+	sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
+	rm -f file0 &&
+	git update-index --remove file0 file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B (#1)' '
+	git diff-index -B --cached reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 000000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 2fbedd0b5d4b8126e4750c3bee305e8ff79f80ec M100	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B and -M (#2)' '
+	git diff-index -B -M reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 2fbedd0b5d4b8126e4750c3bee305e8ff79f80ec R100	file0	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'swap file0 and file1' '
+	rm -f file0 file1 &&
+	git read-tree -m reference &&
+	git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
+	mv file0 tmp &&
+	mv file1 file0 &&
+	mv tmp file1 &&
+	git update-index file0 file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B (#3)' '
+	git diff-index -B reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 M100	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 M100	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B and -M (#4)' '
+	git diff-index -B -M reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 R100	file1	file0
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 R100	file0	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make file0 into something completely different' '
+	rm -f file0 &&
+	test_ln_s_add frotz file0 &&
+	git update-index file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B (#5)' '
+	git diff-index -B reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 120000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 M100	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B -M (#6)' '
+	git diff-index -B -M reference >current &&
+
+	# file0 changed from regular to symlink.  file1 is the same as the preimage
+	# of file0.  Because the change does not make file0 disappear, file1 is
+	# denoted as a copy of file0
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 120000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 C	file0	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -M (#7)' '
+	git diff-index -M reference >current &&
+
+	# This should not mistake file0 as the copy source of new file1
+	# due to type differences.
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 120000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 M	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file1 edited to look like file0 and file0 rename-edited to file2' '
+	rm -f file0 file1 &&
+	git read-tree -m reference &&
+	git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
+	sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
+	sed -e "s/git/GET/" file0 >file2 &&
+	rm -f file0 &&
+	git update-index --add --remove file0 file1 file2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B (#8)' '
+	git diff-index -B reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 000000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 2fbedd0b5d4b8126e4750c3bee305e8ff79f80ec M100	file1
+	:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 69a939f651686f56322566e2fd76715947a24162 A	file2
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B -C (#9)' '
+	git diff-index -B -C reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 2fbedd0b5d4b8126e4750c3bee305e8ff79f80ec C095	file0	file1
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 69a939f651686f56322566e2fd76715947a24162 R095	file0	file2
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh b/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh
index f22c8e3dba..3641fd84d6 100755
--- a/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh
+++ b/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='Same rename detection as t4003 but testing diff-raw -z.
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare reference tree' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      echo frotz >rezrov &&
     git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 # tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has the same COPYING and
 # copy-edited COPYING.1, and unchanged rezrov.  We should not say
-# anything about rezrov nor COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
+# anything about rezrov or COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
 # nows how to say Copy.
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare work tree once again' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
 
 git diff-index -z -C --find-copies-harder $tree >current
diff --git a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
index fbc8cd8f05..43c488b545 100755
--- a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir path1 &&
      echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
      git update-index --add file0 path1/file1 &&
-     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo "$tree" &&
      echo nitfol >file0 &&
      echo yomin >path1/file1 &&
@@ -48,7 +48,15 @@ test_expect_success \
      compare_diff_raw current expected'
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 766498d93a4b06057a8e49d23f4068f1170ff38f 0a41e115ab61be0328a19b29f18cdcb49338d516 M	file0
+:100644 100644 766498d93a4b06057a8e49d23f4068f1170ff38f 0a41e115ab61be0328a19b29f18cdcb49338d516 M	path1/file1
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    '"*file1" should show path1/file1' \
+    'git diff-index --cached $tree -- "*file1" >current &&
+     compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 8e4020bb5a8d8c873b25de15933e75cc0fc275df dca6b92303befc93086aa025d90a5facd7eb2812 M	file0
 EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'limit to file0 should show file0' \
@@ -102,4 +110,40 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-tree -r with wildcard' '
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup submodules' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git init submod &&
+	( cd submod && test_commit first; ) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m first &&
+	( cd submod && test_commit second; ) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree ignores trailing slash on submodule path' '
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD submod >expect &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD submod/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff multiple wildcard pathspecs' '
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	echo rezrov >path2/file1 &&
+	git update-index --add path2/file1 &&
+	tree3=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git diff --name-only $tree $tree3 -- "path2*1" "path1*1" >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	path1/file1
+	path2/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-cache ignores trailing slash on submodule path' '
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ submod >expect &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ submod/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
index 408a19c4c2..13e7f621ab 100755
--- a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
@@ -9,85 +9,125 @@ test_description='Test diff of symlinks.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
-cat > expected << EOF
-diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
-new file mode 120000
-index 0000000..7c465af
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/frotz
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+xyzzy
-\ No newline at end of file
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'diff new symlink and file' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	new file mode 120000
+	index 0000000..7c465af
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/frotz
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+xyzzy
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	diff --git a/nitfol b/nitfol
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..7c465af
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/nitfol
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+xyzzy
+	EOF
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff new symlink' \
-    'ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-    git update-index &&
-    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
-    git update-index --add frotz &&
-    GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
-    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+	# the empty tree
+	git update-index &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff unchanged symlink' \
-    'tree=$(git write-tree) &&
-    git update-index frotz &&
-    test -z "$(git diff-index --name-only $tree)"'
-
-cat > expected << EOF
-diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
-deleted file mode 120000
-index 7c465af..0000000
---- a/frotz
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--xyzzy
-\ No newline at end of file
-EOF
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy frotz &&
+	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
+	git update-index --add nitfol &&
+	GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff removed symlink' \
-    'mv frotz frotz2 &&
-    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
-    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'diff unchanged symlink and file'  '
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git update-index frotz nitfol &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-index --name-only $tree)"
+'
 
-cat > expected << EOF
-diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'diff removed symlink and file' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	deleted file mode 120000
+	index 7c465af..0000000
+	--- a/frotz
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-xyzzy
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	diff --git a/nitfol b/nitfol
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index 7c465af..0000000
+	--- a/nitfol
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-xyzzy
+	EOF
+	mv frotz frotz2 &&
+	mv nitfol nitfol2 &&
+	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff identical, but newly created symlink' \
-    'ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
-    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'diff identical, but newly created symlink and file' '
+	>expected &&
+	rm -f frotz nitfol &&
+	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
+	test-chmtime +10 nitfol &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s xyzzy frotz
+	else
+		printf xyzzy >frotz
+		# the symlink property propagates from the index
+	fi &&
+	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current &&
 
-cat > expected << EOF
-diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
-index 7c465af..df1db54 120000
---- a/frotz
-+++ b/frotz
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--xyzzy
-\ No newline at end of file
-+yxyyz
-\ No newline at end of file
-EOF
+	>expected &&
+	git diff-index -M -p -w $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff different symlink' \
-    'rm frotz &&
-    ln -s yxyyz frotz &&
-    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
-    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'diff different symlink and file' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	index 7c465af..df1db54 120000
+	--- a/frotz
+	+++ b/frotz
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-xyzzy
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	+yxyyz
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	diff --git a/nitfol b/nitfol
+	index 7c465af..df1db54 100644
+	--- a/nitfol
+	+++ b/nitfol
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-xyzzy
+	+yxyyz
+	EOF
+	rm -f frotz &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s yxyyz frotz
+	else
+		printf yxyyz >frotz
+		# the symlink property propagates from the index
+	fi &&
+	echo yxyyz >nitfol &&
+	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff symlinks with non-existing targets' \
-    'ln -s narf pinky &&
-    ln -s take\ over brain &&
-    test_must_fail git diff --no-index pinky brain > output 2> output.err &&
-    grep narf output &&
-    ! grep error output.err'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff symlinks with non-existing targets' '
+	ln -s narf pinky &&
+	ln -s take\ over brain &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --no-index pinky brain >output 2>output.err &&
+	grep narf output &&
+	! test -s output.err
+'
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup symlinks with attributes' '
 	echo "*.bin diff=bin" >>.gitattributes &&
@@ -96,19 +136,19 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup symlinks with attributes' '
 	git add -N file.bin link.bin
 '
 
-cat >expect <<'EOF'
-diff --git a/file.bin b/file.bin
-index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
-Binary files a/file.bin and b/file.bin differ
-diff --git a/link.bin b/link.bin
-index e69de29..dce41ec 120000
---- a/link.bin
-+++ b/link.bin
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+file.bin
-\ No newline at end of file
-EOF
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks do not respect userdiff config by path' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/file.bin b/file.bin
+	index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+	Binary files a/file.bin and b/file.bin differ
+	diff --git a/link.bin b/link.bin
+	index e69de29..dce41ec 120000
+	--- a/link.bin
+	+++ b/link.bin
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+file.bin
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	EOF
 	git config diff.bin.binary true &&
 	git diff file.bin link.bin >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
index 2d9f9a0cf1..643d729157 100755
--- a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
@@ -8,13 +8,21 @@ test_description='Binary diff and apply
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success 'prepare repository' \
-	'echo AIT >a && echo BIT >b && echo CIT >c && echo DIT >d &&
-	 git update-index --add a b c d &&
-	 echo git >a &&
-	 cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >b &&
-	 echo git >c &&
-	 cat b b >d'
+cat >expect.binary-numstat <<\EOF
+1	1	a
+-	-	b
+1	1	c
+-	-	d
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository' '
+	echo AIT >a && echo BIT >b && echo CIT >c && echo DIT >d &&
+	git update-index --add a b c d &&
+	echo git >a &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >b &&
+	echo git >c &&
+	cat b b >d
+'
 
 cat > expected <<\EOF
  a |    2 +-
@@ -23,59 +31,74 @@ cat > expected <<\EOF
  d |  Bin
  4 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'diff without --binary' \
-	'git diff | git apply --stat --summary >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'apply --stat output for binary file change' '
+	git diff >diff &&
+	git apply --stat --summary <diff >current &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --shortstat output for binary file change' '
+	tail -n 1 expected >expect &&
+	git diff --shortstat >current &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect current
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'diff with --binary' \
-	'git diff --binary | git apply --stat --summary >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'diff --shortstat output for binary file change only' '
+	echo " 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)" >expected &&
+	git diff --shortstat -- b >current &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --numstat notices binary file change' '
+	git diff >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.binary-numstat current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --numstat understands diff --binary format' '
+	git diff --binary >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.binary-numstat current
+'
 
 # apply needs to be able to skip the binary material correctly
 # in order to report the line number of a corrupt patch.
-test_expect_success 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' \
-	'git diff | sed -e 's/-CIT/xCIT/' >broken &&
-	 if git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected
-	 then
-		echo unhappy - should have detected an error
-		(exit 1)
-	 else
-		echo happy
-	 fi &&
-	 detected=`cat detected` &&
-	 detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
-	 detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
-	 test "$detected" = xCIT'
-
-test_expect_success 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' \
-	'git diff --binary | sed -e 's/-CIT/xCIT/' >broken &&
-	 if git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected
-	 then
-		echo unhappy - should have detected an error
-		(exit 1)
-	 else
-		echo happy
-	 fi &&
-	 detected=`cat detected` &&
-	 detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
-	 detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
-	 test "$detected" = xCIT'
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' '
+	git diff >output &&
+	sed -e "s/-CIT/xCIT/" <output >broken &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected &&
+	detected=$(cat detected) &&
+	detected=$(expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$") &&
+	detected=$(sed -ne "${detected}p" broken) &&
+	test "$detected" = xCIT
+'
+
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' '
+	git diff --binary | sed -e "s/-CIT/xCIT/" >broken &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected &&
+	detected=$(cat detected) &&
+	detected=$(expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$") &&
+	detected=$(sed -ne "${detected}p" broken) &&
+	test "$detected" = xCIT
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'initial commit' 'git commit -a -m initial'
 
 # Try removal (b), modification (d), and creation (e).
-test_expect_success 'diff-index with --binary' \
-	'echo AIT >a && mv b e && echo CIT >c && cat e >d &&
-	 git update-index --add --remove a b c d e &&
-	 tree0=`git write-tree` &&
-	 git diff --cached --binary >current &&
-	 git apply --stat --summary current'
-
-test_expect_success 'apply binary patch' \
-	'git reset --hard &&
-	 git apply --binary --index <current &&
-	 tree1=`git write-tree` &&
-	 test "$tree1" = "$tree0"'
+test_expect_success 'diff-index with --binary' '
+	echo AIT >a && mv b e && echo CIT >c && cat e >d &&
+	git update-index --add --remove a b c d e &&
+	tree0=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git diff --cached --binary >current &&
+	git apply --stat --summary current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary patch' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply --binary --index <current &&
+	tree1=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test "$tree1" = "$tree0"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --no-index with binary creation' '
 	echo Q | q_to_nul >binary &&
@@ -90,4 +113,23 @@ test_expect_success 'diff --no-index with binary creation' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+ binfile  |   Bin 0 -> 1026 bytes
+ textfile | 10000 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --stat with binary files and big change count' '
+	printf "\01\00%1024d" 1 >binfile &&
+	git add binfile &&
+	i=0 &&
+	while test $i -lt 10000; do
+		echo $i &&
+		i=$(($i + 1))
+	done >textfile &&
+	git add textfile &&
+	git diff --cached --stat binfile textfile >output &&
+	grep " | " output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
index 93a6f20871..94ef5000e7 100755
--- a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
+++ b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git commit -m "Rearranged lines in dir/sub" &&
 	git checkout master &&
 
+	git config diff.renames false &&
+
 	git show-branch
 '
 
@@ -107,14 +109,14 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 +*++ [initial] Initial
 EOF
 
-V=`git version | sed -e 's/^git version //' -e 's/\./\\./g'`
+V=$(git version | sed -e 's/^git version //' -e 's/\./\\./g')
 while read cmd
 do
 	case "$cmd" in
 	'' | '#'*) continue ;;
 	esac
-	test=`echo "$cmd" | sed -e 's|[/ ][/ ]*|_|g'`
-	pfx=`printf "%04d" $test_count`
+	test=$(echo "$cmd" | sed -e 's|[/ ][/ ]*|_|g')
+	pfx=$(printf "%04d" $test_count)
 	expect="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4013/diff.$test"
 	actual="$pfx-diff.$test"
 
@@ -128,7 +130,12 @@ do
 		} >"$actual" &&
 		if test -f "$expect"
 		then
-			test_cmp "$expect" "$actual" &&
+			case $cmd in
+			*format-patch* | *-stat*)
+				test_i18ncmp "$expect" "$actual";;
+			*)
+				test_cmp "$expect" "$actual";;
+			esac &&
 			rm -f "$actual"
 		else
 			# this is to help developing new tests.
@@ -319,4 +326,14 @@ test_expect_success 'diff --cached -- file on unborn branch' '
 	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4013/diff.diff_--cached_--_file0" result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --stdin with log formatting' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Side
+	Third
+	Second
+	EOF
+	git rev-list master | git diff-tree --stdin --format=%s -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 3a9f78a09d..9951e3677d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
 index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
index a61ad8cb13..cec33fa3f0 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat --summary side
 c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master
index 49f23b9215..db3c0a7b2c 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
 index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master
index cc6eb3b3d5..d019867dd9 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --stat --summary master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side
index 50362be7bf..12b2eee17e 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --stat --summary side
 c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master
index fae7f33255..40b91796b3 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --stat master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
index d5c333a378..817ed06f82 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 $ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root --patch-with-stat initial
 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a Initial
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 new file mode 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side
index 4d30e7eddc..fe3f6b7c7e 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
index 7dfa6af3c9..06eb77e386 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 new file mode 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial
index 43bfce253e..680eab5f27 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
  create mode 100644 file2
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial
index 9154aa4d47..9722d1b3a7 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
index 1562b62708..ad69ffe647 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 $ git diff-tree --root --patch-with-stat initial
 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 new file mode 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master
index ac9f641fb4..81c3021541 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff-tree -c --stat --summary master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side
index 2afcca11f4..e8dc12bfbf 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree -c --stat --summary side
 c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master
index c2fe6a98c5..89d59b1548 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff-tree -c --stat master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side
index 9ed317a198..be8d1ea1bd 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff --patch-with-stat -r initial..side
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side
index 8b50629e66..5424e6d566 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff --patch-with-stat initial..side
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side
index 0517b5d631..b7741e2b83 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff --stat initial..side
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side
index 245220d3f9..5d514f55b9 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff -r --stat initial..side
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side
index 52116d3ead..547ca065a5 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master
index ce49bd676e..52fedc179e 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^
index 5f1b23863b..1c3cde251b 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side
index 4a2364abc2..4717bd8313 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master
index 43b81eba54..02c4db7ec5 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master
index ca3f60bf0e..c7677c5951 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master
index 08f23014bc..5b3e34e2c0 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^
index 07f1230d31..d13f8a8128 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^
index 29e00ab8af..caec5537de 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side
index 67633d424a..d3a6762130 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^
index 3b4e113012..244d964fc6 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ A U Thor (2):
   Second
   Third
 
- dir/sub |    4 ++++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file1   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 4 ++++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  create mode 100644 file1
  delete mode 100644 file2
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ Subject: [DIFFERENT_PREFIX 1/2] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [DIFFERENT_PREFIX 2/2] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master
index f7752ebbea..bfc287a147 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Subject: [PATCH] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH] Side
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master
index 8e67dbf76f..568f6f584e 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master
index 7b89978e32..5f0352f9f7 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^
index b7f9725dc4..2ae454d807 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side
index e765088475..a7d52fbeea 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH] Side
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all
index 44d45257da..b345b2ebfa 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:06:00 2006 +0000
 
     Rearranged lines in dir/sub
 
-commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 (HEAD, refs/heads/master)
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 (HEAD -> refs/heads/master)
 Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
index 27d3eabc26..3aa16a9e42 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:06:00 2006 +0000
 
     Rearranged lines in dir/sub
 
-commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 (HEAD, master)
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 (HEAD -> master)
 Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
index bd7f5c0f70..a18f1472a9 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
index 14595a614c..ae425c4672 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
index 5a4e72765d..d5207cadf4 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index df0aaa9f2c..0fc1e8cd71 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
     Merge branch 'side'
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
 index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
  create mode 100644 file2
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index c11b5f2c7f..dffc09dde9 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
  create mode 100644 file2
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
index 5f0c98f9ce..55aa98012d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 new file mode 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index e62c368dc6..019d85f7de 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
     Merge branch 'side'
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --combined dir/sub
 index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
  create mode 100644 file2
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
index 377f2b7b7a..95a474ef1d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side
index fb14c530d2..974e99be82 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side
index 5bd5977628..a71492f9bf 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side
index 3b22327e48..9be712458f 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
index 6a467cccc1..c8b6af2f43 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master
index 1e1bbe1963..1ac431ba92 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
index 13789f169b..b30c28588f 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index e96ff1fb8c..30aae7817b 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
     Merge branch 'side'
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
 index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
  create mode 100644 file2
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 0291153587..db90e51525 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
  create mode 100644 file2
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
index 9b0349cd55..9a6cc92ce7 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 new file mode 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index c0aff68ef6..d1d32bd34c 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
     Merge branch 'side'
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --combined dir/sub
 index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
- 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
- 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
  create mode 100644 file2
diff --git a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
index 67975129bc..1206c48392 100755
--- a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream" '
 
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side >patch0 &&
-	cnt=`grep "^From " patch0 | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(grep "^From " patch0 | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 3
 
 '
@@ -52,11 +52,19 @@ test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream" '
 
 	git format-patch --stdout \
 		--ignore-if-in-upstream master..side >patch1 &&
-	cnt=`grep "^From " patch1 | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(grep "^From " patch1 | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 2
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream handles tags" '
+	git tag -a v1 -m tag side &&
+	git tag -a v2 -m tag master &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --ignore-if-in-upstream v2..v1 >patch1 &&
+	cnt=$(grep "^From " patch1 | wc -l) &&
+	test $cnt = 2
+'
+
 test_expect_success "format-patch doesn't consider merge commits" '
 
 	git checkout -b slave master &&
@@ -69,7 +77,7 @@ test_expect_success "format-patch doesn't consider merge commits" '
 	git checkout -b merger master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-ff slave &&
-	cnt=`git format-patch -3 --stdout | grep "^From " | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(git format-patch -3 --stdout | grep "^From " | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 3
 '
 
@@ -77,7 +85,7 @@ test_expect_success "format-patch result applies" '
 
 	git checkout -b rebuild-0 master &&
 	git am -3 patch0 &&
-	cnt=`git rev-list master.. | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 2
 '
 
@@ -85,7 +93,7 @@ test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream result applies" '
 
 	git checkout -b rebuild-1 master &&
 	git am -3 patch1 &&
-	cnt=`git rev-list master.. | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 2
 '
 
@@ -110,73 +118,107 @@ test_expect_success 'replay did not screw up the log message' '
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers' '
 
-	git config format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>
+	git config format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>
 " &&
-	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>
+	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>
 " &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side > patch2 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch2 > hdrs2 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2 &&
-	grep "^Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2 &&
+	grep "^Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers without newlines' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side >patch3 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch3 > hdrs3 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3 &&
-	grep "^Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3 &&
+	grep "^Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers with multiple To:s' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git config --add format.headers "To: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "To: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side > patch4 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch4 > hdrs4 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" hdrs4 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs4
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" hdrs4 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs4
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'additional command line cc' '
+test_expect_success 'additional command line cc (ascii)' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --cc="S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'additional command line cc (rfc822)' '
+
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --cc="S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
+	grep "^ *\"S. E. Cipient\" <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'command line headers' '
 
 	git config --unset-all format.headers &&
-	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch6 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch6
+	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch6 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch6
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'configuration headers and command line headers' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch7 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch7 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch7
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch7 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch7 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch7
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'command line To: header' '
+test_expect_success 'command line To: header (ascii)' '
 
 	git config --unset-all format.headers &&
+	git format-patch --to="R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc822)' '
+
 	git format-patch --to="R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc2047)' '
+
+	git format-patch --to="R Ä Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
+	grep "^To: =?UTF-8?q?R=20=C3=84=20Cipient?= <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configuration To: header (ascii)' '
+
+	git config format.to "R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'configuration To: header' '
+test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc822)' '
 
 	git config format.to "R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc2047)' '
+
+	git config format.to "R Ä Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
+	grep "^To: =?UTF-8?q?R=20=C3=84=20Cipient?= <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
 '
 
 # check_patch <patch>: Verify that <patch> looks like a half-sane
@@ -190,11 +232,11 @@ check_patch () {
 test_expect_success '--no-to overrides config.to' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.to \
-		"R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-to --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch10 &&
 	check_patch patch10 &&
-	! grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch10
+	! grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch10
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-to and --to replaces config.to' '
@@ -212,21 +254,21 @@ test_expect_success '--no-to and --to replaces config.to' '
 test_expect_success '--no-cc overrides config.cc' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.cc \
-		"C. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"C E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-cc --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch12 &&
 	check_patch patch12 &&
-	! grep "^Cc: C. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch12
+	! grep "^Cc: C E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch12
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-add-header overrides config.headers' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.headers \
-		"Header1: B. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"Header1: B E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-add-header --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch13 &&
 	check_patch patch13 &&
-	! grep "^Header1: B. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch13
+	! grep "^Header1: B E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch13
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple files' '
@@ -237,6 +279,22 @@ test_expect_success 'multiple files' '
 	ls patches/0001-Side-changes-1.patch patches/0002-Side-changes-2.patch patches/0003-Side-changes-3-with-n-backslash-n-in-it.patch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reroll count' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter --reroll-count 4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reroll count (-v)' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter -v4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
 check_threading () {
 	expect="$1" &&
 	shift &&
@@ -491,7 +549,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cover-letter inherits diff options' '
 
 	git mv file foo &&
 	git commit -m foo &&
-	git format-patch --cover-letter -1 &&
+	git format-patch --no-renames --cover-letter -1 &&
 	check_patch 0000-cover-letter.patch &&
 	! grep "file => foo .* 0 *\$" 0000-cover-letter.patch &&
 	git format-patch --cover-letter -1 -M &&
@@ -518,11 +576,6 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog of cover-letter wraps overly-long onelines' '
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
----
- file |   16 ++++++++++++++++
- 1 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
-
-diff --git a/file b/file
 index 40f36c6..2dc5c23 100644
 --- a/file
 +++ b/file
@@ -537,7 +590,9 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'format-patch respects -U' '
 
 	git format-patch -U4 -2 &&
-	sed -e "1,/^\$/d" -e "/^+5/q" < 0001-This-is-an-excessively-long-subject-line-for-a-messa.patch > output &&
+	sed -e "1,/^diff/d" -e "/^+5/q" \
+		<0001-This-is-an-excessively-long-subject-line-for-a-messa.patch \
+		>output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
 '
@@ -619,8 +674,19 @@ test_expect_success 'format-patch --in-reply-to' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'format-patch --signoff' '
-	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout |
-	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout >out &&
+	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --notes --signoff' '
+	git notes --ref test add -m "test message" HEAD &&
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout --notes=test >out &&
+	# Three dashes must come after S-o-b
+	! sed "/^Signed-off-by: /q" out | grep "test message" &&
+	sed "1,/^Signed-off-by: /d" out | grep "test message" &&
+	# Notes message must come after three dashes
+	! sed "/^---$/q" out | grep "test message" &&
+	sed "1,/^---$/d" out | grep "test message"
 '
 
 echo "fatal: --name-only does not make sense" > expect.name-only
@@ -637,7 +703,7 @@ test_expect_success 'options no longer allowed for format-patch' '
 
 test_expect_success 'format-patch --numstat should produce a patch' '
 	git format-patch --numstat --stdout master..side > output &&
-	test 6 = $(grep "^diff --git a/" output | wc -l)'
+	test 5 = $(grep "^diff --git a/" output | wc -l)'
 
 test_expect_success 'format-patch -- <path>' '
 	git format-patch master..side -- file 2>error &&
@@ -684,44 +750,97 @@ test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature --cover-letter' '
 	test 2 = $(grep "my sig" output | wc -l)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format.signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format.signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git config format.signature "" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature suppresses signatures' '
 	git config --unset-all format.signature &&
 	git format-patch --stdout --no-signature -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git format-patch --stdout --signature="" -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prepare mail-signature input' '
+	cat >mail-signature <<-\EOF
+
+	Test User <test.email@kernel.org>
+	http://git.kernel.org/cgit/git/git.git
+
+	git.kernel.org/?p=git/git.git;a=summary
+
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--signature-file=file works' '
+	git format-patch --stdout --signature-file=mail-signature -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	sed -e "1,/^-- \$/d" <output >actual &&
+	{
+		cat mail-signature && echo
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.signaturefile works' '
+	test_config format.signaturefile mail-signature &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	sed -e "1,/^-- \$/d" <output >actual &&
+	{
+		cat mail-signature && echo
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-signature suppresses format.signaturefile ' '
+	test_config format.signaturefile mail-signature &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --no-signature -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	! grep "^-- \$" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--signature-file overrides format.signaturefile' '
+	cat >other-mail-signature <<-\EOF &&
+	Use this other signature instead of mail-signature.
+	EOF
+	test_config format.signaturefile mail-signature &&
+	git format-patch --stdout \
+			--signature-file=other-mail-signature -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	sed -e "1,/^-- \$/d" <output >actual &&
+	{
+		cat other-mail-signature && echo
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--signature overrides format.signaturefile' '
+	test_config format.signaturefile mail-signature &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --signature="my sig" -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	grep "my sig" output
+'
+
 test_expect_success TTY 'format-patch --stdout paginates' '
 	rm -f pager_used &&
-	(
-		GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" &&
-		export GIT_PAGER &&
-		test_terminal git format-patch --stdout --all
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git format-patch --stdout --all &&
 	test_path_is_file pager_used
 '
 
  test_expect_success TTY 'format-patch --stdout pagination can be disabled' '
 	rm -f pager_used &&
-	(
-		GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" &&
-		export GIT_PAGER &&
-		test_terminal git --no-pager format-patch --stdout --all &&
-		test_terminal git -c "pager.format-patch=false" format-patch --stdout --all
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git --no-pager format-patch --stdout --all &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git -c "pager.format-patch=false" format-patch --stdout --all &&
 	test_path_is_missing pager_used &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/pager_used
 '
@@ -755,16 +874,14 @@ M64=$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8
 M512=$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Subject: [PATCH] foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long headers (ascii)' '
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long subject (ascii)' '
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m "$M512" &&
@@ -777,30 +894,32 @@ M8="föö bar "
 M64=$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8
 M512=$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long headers (rfc2047)' '
+Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar?=
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long subject (rfc2047)' '
 	rm -rf patches/ &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -810,52 +929,80 @@ test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long headers (rfc2047)' '
 	test_cmp expect subject
 '
 
-M8="foo_bar_"
-M64=$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8
-cat >expect <<EOF
-From: $M64
- <foobar@foo.bar>
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps non-quotable headers' '
-	rm -rf patches/ &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git commit -mfoo --author "$M64 <foobar@foo.bar>" &&
-	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
-	sed -n "/^From: /p; /^ /p; /^$/q" <patch >from &&
-	test_cmp expect from
-'
-
 check_author() {
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$1 git commit -m author-check &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
-	grep ^From: patch >actual &&
+	sed -n "/^From: /p; /^ /p; /^$/q" <patch >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 From: "Foo B. Bar" <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes dot in headers' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes dot in from-headers' '
 	check_author "Foo B. Bar"
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 From: "Foo \"The Baz\" Bar" <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes double-quote in headers' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes double-quote in from-headers' '
 	check_author "Foo \"The Baz\" Bar"
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-From: =?UTF-8?q?"F=C3=B6o=20B.=20Bar"?= <author@example.com>
+From: =?UTF-8?q?F=C3=B6o=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'rfc2047-encoded headers also double-quote 822 specials' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch uses rfc2047-encoded from-headers when necessary' '
+	check_author "Föo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: =?UTF-8?q?F=C3=B6o=20B=2E=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'rfc2047-encoded from-headers leave no rfc822 specials' '
 	check_author "Föo B. Bar"
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+From: foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_
+ <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps moderately long from-header (ascii)' '
+	check_author "foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar
+ Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo
+ Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (ascii)' '
+	check_author "Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: "Foo.Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar
+ Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo
+ Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar" <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (rfc822)' '
+	check_author "Foo.Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: =?UTF-8?q?Fo=C3=B6=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (rfc2047)' '
+	check_author "Foö Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Subject: header with . in it
 EOF
@@ -886,6 +1033,321 @@ test_expect_success 'empty subject prefix does not have extra space' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--from=ident notices bogus ident' '
+	test_must_fail git format-patch -1 --stdout --from=foo >patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from=ident replaces author' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from="Me <me@example.com>" >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: Me <me@example.com>
+
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from uses committer ident' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from omits redundant in-body header' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from="A U Thor <author@example.com>" >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-body headers trigger content encoding' '
+	test_env GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="éxötìc" test_commit exotic &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+
+	From: éxötìc <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^Content-Type/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+append_signoff()
+{
+	C=$(git commit-tree HEAD^^{tree} -p HEAD) &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --signoff $C^..$C >append_signoff.patch &&
+	sed -n -e "1,/^---$/p" append_signoff.patch |
+		egrep -n "^Subject|Sign|^$"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with no body' '
+	append_signoff </dev/null >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF | sed "s/EOL$//" >expected &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] EOL
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject' '
+	echo subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject that does not end with NL' '
+	printf subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs and no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nbody" | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: misc conforming footer elements' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: Some One <someone@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff-alike' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+Fooled-by-me: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff (2)' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+My unfortunate
+Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: valid S-o-b paragraph in the middle' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+Signed-off-by: your@house
+
+A lot of houses.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: my@house
+10:Signed-off-by: your@house
+11:
+13:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end, no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nSigned-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>" |
+		append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff NOT at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+12:Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: detect garbage in non-conforming footer' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Tested-by: my@house
+Some Trash
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+13:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+14:
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: footer begins with non-signoff without @ sign' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Reviewed-id: Noone
+Tested-by: my@house
+Change-id: Ideadbeef
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'format patch ignores color.ui' '
 	test_unconfig color.ui &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >expect &&
@@ -894,4 +1356,254 @@ test_expect_success 'format patch ignores color.ui' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (1)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (2)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter rebuild-1~2..rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (3)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter ^master rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (4)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master.. >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (5)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 HEAD >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (6)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter with nothing' '
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto user override' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --zero-commit' '
+	git format-patch --zero-commit --stdout v2..v1 >patch2 &&
+	grep "^From " patch2 | sort | uniq >actual &&
+	echo "From $_z40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'From line has expected format' '
+	git format-patch --stdout v2..v1 >patch2 &&
+	grep "^From " patch2 >from &&
+	grep "^From $_x40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001$" patch2 >filtered &&
+	test_cmp from filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch format.outputDirectory option' '
+	test_config format.outputDirectory patches &&
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch master..side &&
+	test $(git rev-list master..side | wc -l) -eq $(ls patches | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch -o overrides format.outputDirectory' '
+	test_config format.outputDirectory patches &&
+	rm -fr patches patchset &&
+	git format-patch master..side -o patchset &&
+	test_path_is_missing patches &&
+	test_path_is_dir patchset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --base' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --base=HEAD~3 -1 >patch &&
+	grep "^base-commit:" patch >actual &&
+	grep "^prerequisite-patch-id:" patch >>actual &&
+	echo "base-commit: $(git rev-parse HEAD~3)" >expected &&
+	echo "prerequisite-patch-id: $(git show --patch HEAD~2 | git patch-id --stable | awk "{print \$1}")" >>expected &&
+	echo "prerequisite-patch-id: $(git show --patch HEAD~1 | git patch-id --stable | awk "{print \$1}")" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --base errors out when base commit is in revision list' '
+	test_must_fail git format-patch --base=HEAD -2 &&
+	test_must_fail git format-patch --base=HEAD~1 -2 &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --base=HEAD~2 -2 >patch &&
+	grep "^base-commit:" patch >actual &&
+	echo "base-commit: $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --base errors out when base commit is not ancestor of revision list' '
+	# For history as below:
+	#
+	#    ---Q---P---Z---Y---*---X
+	#	 \             /
+	#	  ------------W
+	#
+	# If "format-patch Z..X" is given, P and Z can not be specified as the base commit
+	git checkout -b topic1 master &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >commit-id-base &&
+	test_commit P &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >commit-id-P &&
+	test_commit Z &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >commit-id-Z &&
+	test_commit Y &&
+	git checkout -b topic2 master &&
+	test_commit W &&
+	git merge topic1 &&
+	test_commit X &&
+	test_must_fail git format-patch --base=$(cat commit-id-P) -3 &&
+	test_must_fail git format-patch --base=$(cat commit-id-Z) -3 &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --base=$(cat commit-id-base) -3 >patch &&
+	grep "^base-commit:" patch >actual &&
+	echo "base-commit: $(cat commit-id-base)" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --base=auto' '
+	git checkout -b upstream master &&
+	git checkout -b local upstream &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to=upstream &&
+	test_commit N1 &&
+	test_commit N2 &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --base=auto -2 >patch &&
+	grep "^base-commit:" patch >actual &&
+	echo "base-commit: $(git rev-parse upstream)" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch errors out when history involves criss-cross' '
+	# setup criss-cross history
+	#
+	#   B---M1---D
+	#  / \ /
+	# A   X
+	#  \ / \
+	#   C---M2---E
+	#
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit A &&
+	git checkout -b xb master &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	git checkout -b xc master &&
+	test_commit C &&
+	git checkout -b xbc xb -- &&
+	git merge xc &&
+	git checkout -b xcb xc -- &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to=xbc &&
+	git merge xb &&
+	git checkout xbc &&
+	test_commit D &&
+	git checkout xcb &&
+	test_commit E &&
+	test_must_fail 	git format-patch --base=auto -1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch format.useAutoBaseoption' '
+	test_when_finished "git config --unset format.useAutoBase" &&
+	git checkout local &&
+	git config format.useAutoBase true &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
+	grep "^base-commit:" patch >actual &&
+	echo "base-commit: $(git rev-parse upstream)" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --base overrides format.useAutoBase' '
+	test_when_finished "git config --unset format.useAutoBase" &&
+	git config format.useAutoBase true &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --base=HEAD~1 -1 >patch &&
+	grep "^base-commit:" patch >actual &&
+	echo "base-commit: $(git rev-parse HEAD~1)" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --pretty=mboxrd' '
+	sp=" " &&
+	cat >msg <<-INPUT_END &&
+	mboxrd should escape the body
+
+	From could trip up a loose mbox parser
+	>From extra escape for reversibility
+	>>From extra escape for reversibility 2
+	from lower case not escaped
+	Fromm bad speling not escaped
+	 From with leading space not escaped
+
+	F
+	From
+	From$sp
+	From    $sp
+	From	$sp
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-INPUT_END &&
+	>From could trip up a loose mbox parser
+	>>From extra escape for reversibility
+	>>>From extra escape for reversibility 2
+	from lower case not escaped
+	Fromm bad speling not escaped
+	 From with leading space not escaped
+
+	F
+	From
+	From
+	From
+	From
+	INPUT_END
+
+	C=$(git commit-tree HEAD^^{tree} -p HEAD <msg) &&
+	git format-patch --pretty=mboxrd --stdout -1 $C~1..$C >patch &&
+	git grep -h --no-index -A11 \
+		"^>From could trip up a loose mbox parser" patch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
index 9059bcd69e..2434157aa7 100755
--- a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
@@ -9,425 +9,705 @@ test_description='Test special whitespace in diff engine.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
-# Ray Lehtiniemi's example
-
-cat << EOF > x
-do {
-   nothing;
-} while (0);
-EOF
-
-git update-index --add x
-
-cat << EOF > x
-do
-{
-   nothing;
-}
-while (0);
-EOF
-
-cat << EOF > expect
-diff --git a/x b/x
-index adf3937..6edc172 100644
---- a/x
-+++ b/x
-@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
--do {
-+do
-+{
-    nothing;
--} while (0);
-+}
-+while (0);
-EOF
-
-git diff > out
-test_expect_success "Ray's example without options" 'test_cmp expect out'
-
-git diff -w > out
-test_expect_success "Ray's example with -w" 'test_cmp expect out'
-
-git diff -b > out
-test_expect_success "Ray's example with -b" 'test_cmp expect out'
-
-tr 'Q' '\015' << EOF > x
-whitespace at beginning
-whitespace change
-whitespace in the middle
-whitespace at end
-unchanged line
-CR at endQ
-EOF
-
-git update-index x
-
-tr '_' ' ' << EOF > x
+test_expect_success "Ray Lehtiniemi's example" '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	do {
+	   nothing;
+	} while (0);
+	EOF
+	git update-index --add x &&
+
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	do
+	{
+	   nothing;
+	}
+	while (0);
+	EOF
+
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	index adf3937..6edc172 100644
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+	-do {
+	+do
+	+{
+	    nothing;
+	-} while (0);
+	+}
+	+while (0);
+	EOF
+
+	git diff >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+	git diff -w >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+	git diff -b >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'another test, without options' '
+	tr Q "\015" <<-\EOF >x &&
 	whitespace at beginning
-whitespace 	 change
-white space in the middle
-whitespace at end__
-unchanged line
-CR at end
-EOF
-
-tr 'Q_' '\015 ' << EOF > expect
-diff --git a/x b/x
-index d99af23..8b32fb5 100644
---- a/x
-+++ b/x
-@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--whitespace at beginning
--whitespace change
--whitespace in the middle
--whitespace at end
-+	whitespace at beginning
-+whitespace 	 change
-+white space in the middle
-+whitespace at end__
- unchanged line
--CR at endQ
-+CR at end
-EOF
-git diff > out
-test_expect_success 'another test, without options' 'test_cmp expect out'
-
-cat << EOF > expect
-EOF
-git diff -w > out
-test_expect_success 'another test, with -w' 'test_cmp expect out'
-git diff -w -b > out
-test_expect_success 'another test, with -w -b' 'test_cmp expect out'
-git diff -w --ignore-space-at-eol > out
-test_expect_success 'another test, with -w --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
-git diff -w -b --ignore-space-at-eol > out
-test_expect_success 'another test, with -w -b --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
-
-tr 'Q' '\015' << EOF > expect
-diff --git a/x b/x
-index d99af23..8b32fb5 100644
---- a/x
-+++ b/x
-@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--whitespace at beginning
-+	whitespace at beginning
- whitespace change
--whitespace in the middle
-+white space in the middle
- whitespace at end
- unchanged line
- CR at endQ
-EOF
-git diff -b > out
-test_expect_success 'another test, with -b' 'test_cmp expect out'
-git diff -b --ignore-space-at-eol > out
-test_expect_success 'another test, with -b --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
-
-tr 'Q' '\015' << EOF > expect
-diff --git a/x b/x
-index d99af23..8b32fb5 100644
---- a/x
-+++ b/x
-@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--whitespace at beginning
--whitespace change
--whitespace in the middle
-+	whitespace at beginning
-+whitespace 	 change
-+white space in the middle
- whitespace at end
- unchanged line
- CR at endQ
-EOF
-git diff --ignore-space-at-eol > out
-test_expect_success 'another test, with --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
+	whitespace change
+	whitespace in the middle
+	whitespace at end
+	unchanged line
+	CR at endQ
+	EOF
+
+	git update-index x &&
+
+	tr "_" " " <<-\EOF >x &&
+	_	whitespace at beginning
+	whitespace 	 change
+	white space in the middle
+	whitespace at end__
+	unchanged line
+	CR at end
+	EOF
+
+	tr "Q_" "\015 " <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	index d99af23..22d9f73 100644
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+	-whitespace at beginning
+	-whitespace change
+	-whitespace in the middle
+	-whitespace at end
+	+ 	whitespace at beginning
+	+whitespace 	 change
+	+white space in the middle
+	+whitespace at end__
+	 unchanged line
+	-CR at endQ
+	+CR at end
+	EOF
+
+	git diff >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git diff -w >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+	git diff -w -b >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+	git diff -w --ignore-space-at-eol >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+	git diff -w -b --ignore-space-at-eol >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+
+	tr "Q_" "\015 " <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	index d99af23..22d9f73 100644
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+	-whitespace at beginning
+	+_	whitespace at beginning
+	 whitespace 	 change
+	-whitespace in the middle
+	+white space in the middle
+	 whitespace at end__
+	 unchanged line
+	 CR at end
+	EOF
+	git diff -b >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+	git diff -b --ignore-space-at-eol >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out &&
+
+	tr "Q_" "\015 " <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	index d99af23..22d9f73 100644
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+	-whitespace at beginning
+	-whitespace change
+	-whitespace in the middle
+	+_	whitespace at beginning
+	+whitespace 	 change
+	+white space in the middle
+	 whitespace at end__
+	 unchanged line
+	 CR at end
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-space-at-eol >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: only new lines' '
+	test_seq 5 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	test_seq 5 | sed "/3/i\\
+" >x &&
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: only new lines with space' '
+	test_seq 5 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	test_seq 5 | sed "/3/i\\
+ " >x &&
+	git diff -w --ignore-blank-lines >out &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: after change' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+
+	7
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=100 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+	+change
+	+
+	 1
+	 2
+	-
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: before change' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+	7
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=100 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -4,5 +4,7 @@
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	 7
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: between changes' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+
+	6
+	7
+	8
+	9
+	10
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+	7
+	8
+
+	9
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	+
+	 9
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: between changes (with interhunkctx)' '
+	test_seq 10 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	8
+	9
+
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=2 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	 9
+	+
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: scattered spaces' '
+	test_seq 10 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+	3
+
+	4
+
+	5
+
+	6
+
+
+	7
+
+	8
+	9
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=4 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	@@ -8,3 +15,4 @@
+	 8
+	 9
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: spaces coalesce' '
+	test_seq 6 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+	3
+
+	4
+
+	5
+
+	6
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=4 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	+
+	 4
+	+
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: mix changes and blank lines' '
+	test_seq 16 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	change
+	6
+	7
+	8
+
+	9
+	10
+	11
+	change
+	12
+	13
+	14
+
+	15
+	16
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+change
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	@@ -9,8 +13,11 @@
+	 9
+	 10
+	 11
+	+change
+	 12
+	 13
+	 14
+	+
+	 15
+	 16
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'check mixed spaces and tabs in indent' '
-
 	# This is indented with SP HT SP.
-	echo " 	 foo();" > x &&
+	echo " 	 foo();" >x &&
 	git diff --check | grep "space before tab in indent"
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check mixed tabs and spaces in indent' '
-
 	# This is indented with HT SP HT.
-	echo "	 	foo();" > x &&
+	echo "	 	foo();" >x &&
 	git diff --check | grep "space before tab in indent"
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with no whitespace errors' '
-
 	git commit -m "snapshot" &&
-	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	echo "foo();" >x &&
 	git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with trailing whitespace' '
-
-	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	echo "foo(); " >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with space before tab in indent' '
-
 	# indent has space followed by hard tab
-	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	echo " 	foo();" >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--check and --exit-code are not exclusive' '
-
 	git checkout x &&
 	git diff --check --exit-code
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--check and --quiet are not exclusive' '
-
 	git diff --check --quiet
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check staged with no whitespace errors' '
-
-	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	echo "foo();" >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	git diff --cached --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check staged with trailing whitespace' '
-
-	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	echo "foo(); " >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --cached --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check staged with space before tab in indent' '
-
 	# indent has space followed by hard tab
-	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	echo " 	foo();" >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --cached --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with no whitespace errors (diff-index)' '
-
-	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	echo "foo();" >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	git diff-index --check HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with trailing whitespace (diff-index)' '
-
-	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	echo "foo(); " >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-index --check HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with space before tab in indent (diff-index)' '
-
 	# indent has space followed by hard tab
-	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	echo " 	foo();" >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-index --check HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check staged with no whitespace errors (diff-index)' '
-
-	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	echo "foo();" >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	git diff-index --cached --check HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check staged with trailing whitespace (diff-index)' '
-
-	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	echo "foo(); " >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-index --cached --check HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check staged with space before tab in indent (diff-index)' '
-
 	# indent has space followed by hard tab
-	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	echo " 	foo();" >x &&
 	git add x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-index --cached --check HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with no whitespace errors (diff-tree)' '
-
-	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	echo "foo();" >x &&
 	git commit -m "new commit" x &&
 	git diff-tree --check HEAD^ HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with trailing whitespace (diff-tree)' '
-
-	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	echo "foo(); " >x &&
 	git commit -m "another commit" x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-tree --check HEAD^ HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check with space before tab in indent (diff-tree)' '
-
 	# indent has space followed by hard tab
-	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	echo " 	foo();" >x &&
 	git commit -m "yet another" x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-tree --check HEAD^ HEAD
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check trailing whitespace (trailing-space: off)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "-trailing-space" &&
-	echo "foo ();   " > x &&
+	echo "foo ();   " >x &&
 	git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check trailing whitespace (trailing-space: on)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "trailing-space" &&
-	echo "foo ();   " > x &&
+	echo "foo ();   " >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check space before tab in indent (space-before-tab: off)' '
-
 	# indent contains space followed by HT
 	git config core.whitespace "-space-before-tab" &&
-	echo " 	foo ();" > x &&
+	echo " 	foo ();" >x &&
 	git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check space before tab in indent (space-before-tab: on)' '
-
 	# indent contains space followed by HT
 	git config core.whitespace "space-before-tab" &&
-	echo " 	foo ();   " > x &&
+	echo " 	foo ();   " >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check spaces as indentation (indent-with-non-tab: off)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "-indent-with-non-tab" &&
-	echo "        foo ();" > x &&
+	echo "        foo ();" >x &&
 	git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check spaces as indentation (indent-with-non-tab: on)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab" &&
-	echo "        foo ();" > x &&
+	echo "        foo ();" >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ditto, but tabwidth=9' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab,tabwidth=9" &&
 	git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tabs and spaces as indentation (indent-with-non-tab: on)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab" &&
-	echo "	                foo ();" > x &&
+	echo "	                foo ();" >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ditto, but tabwidth=10' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab,tabwidth=10" &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ditto, but tabwidth=20' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab,tabwidth=20" &&
 	git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tabs as indentation (tab-in-indent: off)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "-tab-in-indent" &&
-	echo "	foo ();" > x &&
+	echo "	foo ();" >x &&
 	git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tabs as indentation (tab-in-indent: on)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "tab-in-indent" &&
-	echo "	foo ();" > x &&
+	echo "	foo ();" >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tabs and spaces as indentation (tab-in-indent: on)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "tab-in-indent" &&
-	echo "	                foo ();" > x &&
+	echo "	                foo ();" >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ditto, but tabwidth=1 (must be irrelevant)' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "tab-in-indent,tabwidth=1" &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tab-in-indent and indent-with-non-tab conflict' '
-
 	git config core.whitespace "tab-in-indent,indent-with-non-tab" &&
-	echo "foo ();" > x &&
+	echo "foo ();" >x &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --check
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tab-in-indent excluded from wildcard whitespace attribute' '
-
 	git config --unset core.whitespace &&
-	echo "x whitespace" > .gitattributes &&
-	echo "	  foo ();" > x &&
+	echo "x whitespace" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "	  foo ();" >x &&
 	git diff --check &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'line numbers in --check output are correct' '
-
-	echo "" > x &&
-	echo "foo(); " >> x &&
+	echo "" >x &&
+	echo "foo(); " >>x &&
 	git diff --check | grep "x:2:"
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkdiff detects new trailing blank lines (1)' '
@@ -530,29 +810,127 @@ test_expect_success 'setup diff colors' '
 	git config color.diff.old red &&
 	git config color.diff.new green &&
 	git config color.diff.commit yellow &&
-	git config color.diff.whitespace "normal red" &&
+	git config color.diff.whitespace blue &&
 
 	git config core.autocrlf false
 '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-<BOLD>diff --git a/x b/x<RESET>
-<BOLD>index 9daeafb..2874b91 100644<RESET>
-<BOLD>--- a/x<RESET>
-<BOLD>+++ b/x<RESET>
-<CYAN>@@ -1 +1,4 @@<RESET>
- test<RESET>
-<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>{<RESET>
-<GREEN>+<RESET><BRED>	<RESET>
-<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>}<RESET>
-EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'diff that introduces a line with only tabs' '
 	git config core.whitespace blank-at-eol &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	echo "test" > x &&
+	echo "test" >x &&
 	git commit -m "initial" x &&
-	echo "{NTN}" | tr "NT" "\n\t" >> x &&
+	echo "{NTN}" | tr "NT" "\n\t" >>x &&
 	git -c color.diff=always diff | test_decode_color >current &&
+
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	<BOLD>diff --git a/x b/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>index 9daeafb..2874b91 100644<RESET>
+	<BOLD>--- a/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>+++ b/x<RESET>
+	<CYAN>@@ -1 +1,4 @@<RESET>
+	 test<RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>{<RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><BLUE>	<RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>}<RESET>
+	EOF
+
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff that introduces and removes ws breakages' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	{
+		echo "0. blank-at-eol " &&
+		echo "1. blank-at-eol "
+	} >x &&
+	git commit -a --allow-empty -m preimage &&
+	{
+		echo "0. blank-at-eol " &&
+		echo "1. still-blank-at-eol " &&
+		echo "2. and a new line "
+	} >x &&
+
+	git -c color.diff=always diff |
+	test_decode_color >current &&
+
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	<BOLD>diff --git a/x b/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>index d0233a2..700886e 100644<RESET>
+	<BOLD>--- a/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>+++ b/x<RESET>
+	<CYAN>@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@<RESET>
+	 0. blank-at-eol <RESET>
+	<RED>-1. blank-at-eol <RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>1. still-blank-at-eol<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>2. and a new line<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	EOF
+
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the same with --ws-error-highlight' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	{
+		echo "0. blank-at-eol " &&
+		echo "1. blank-at-eol "
+	} >x &&
+	git commit -a --allow-empty -m preimage &&
+	{
+		echo "0. blank-at-eol " &&
+		echo "1. still-blank-at-eol " &&
+		echo "2. and a new line "
+	} >x &&
+
+	git -c color.diff=always diff --ws-error-highlight=default,old |
+	test_decode_color >current &&
+
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	<BOLD>diff --git a/x b/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>index d0233a2..700886e 100644<RESET>
+	<BOLD>--- a/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>+++ b/x<RESET>
+	<CYAN>@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@<RESET>
+	 0. blank-at-eol <RESET>
+	<RED>-<RESET><RED>1. blank-at-eol<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>1. still-blank-at-eol<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>2. and a new line<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	EOF
+
+	test_cmp expected current &&
+
+	git -c color.diff=always diff --ws-error-highlight=all |
+	test_decode_color >current &&
+
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	<BOLD>diff --git a/x b/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>index d0233a2..700886e 100644<RESET>
+	<BOLD>--- a/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>+++ b/x<RESET>
+	<CYAN>@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@<RESET>
+	 <RESET>0. blank-at-eol<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	<RED>-<RESET><RED>1. blank-at-eol<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>1. still-blank-at-eol<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	<GREEN>+<RESET><GREEN>2. and a new line<RESET><BLUE> <RESET>
+	EOF
+
+	test_cmp expected current &&
+
+	git -c color.diff=always diff --ws-error-highlight=none |
+	test_decode_color >current &&
+
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	<BOLD>diff --git a/x b/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>index d0233a2..700886e 100644<RESET>
+	<BOLD>--- a/x<RESET>
+	<BOLD>+++ b/x<RESET>
+	<CYAN>@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@<RESET>
+	 0. blank-at-eol <RESET>
+	<RED>-1. blank-at-eol <RESET>
+	<GREEN>+1. still-blank-at-eol <RESET>
+	<GREEN>+2. and a new line <RESET>
+	EOF
+
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh b/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
index ab0c2f0574..9c48e5c2c9 100755
--- a/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
+++ b/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
@@ -13,14 +13,13 @@ P1='pathname	with HT'
 P2='pathname with SP'
 P3='pathname
 with LF'
-if : 2>/dev/null >"$P1" && test -f "$P1" && rm -f "$P1"
-then
-	test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
-else
-	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-fi
+test_have_prereq !MINGW &&
+echo 2>/dev/null >"$P1" && test -f "$P1" && rm -f "$P1" || {
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
+}
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	echo P0.0 >"$P0.0" &&
 	echo P0.1 >"$P0.1" &&
 	echo P0.2 >"$P0.2" &&
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES setup '
 	:
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected files' '
 cat >expect <<\EOF
  rename pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0" (100%)
  rename pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0" (100%)
@@ -52,27 +51,38 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff --summary -M HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'git diff --summary -M HEAD' '
 	git diff --summary -M HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
-cat >expect <<\EOF
- pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"            |    0
- pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"            |    0
- "pathname\twith HT.3" => "Rpathname\nwith LF.1" |    0
- pathname.2 => Rpathname with SP.0               |    0
- "pathname\twith HT.2" => Rpathname with SP.1    |    0
- pathname.0 => Rpathname.0                       |    0
- "pathname\twith HT.0" => Rpathname.1            |    0
- 7 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff --numstat -M HEAD' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	0	0	pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"
+	0	0	pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"
+	0	0	"pathname\twith HT.3" => "Rpathname\nwith LF.1"
+	0	0	pathname.2 => Rpathname with SP.0
+	0	0	"pathname\twith HT.2" => Rpathname with SP.1
+	0	0	pathname.0 => Rpathname.0
+	0	0	"pathname\twith HT.0" => Rpathname.1
+	EOF
+	git diff --numstat -M HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff --stat -M HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'git diff --stat -M HEAD' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	 pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"            | 0
+	 pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"            | 0
+	 "pathname\twith HT.3" => "Rpathname\nwith LF.1" | 0
+	 pathname.2 => Rpathname with SP.0               | 0
+	 "pathname\twith HT.2" => Rpathname with SP.1    | 0
+	 pathname.0 => Rpathname.0                       | 0
+	 "pathname\twith HT.0" => Rpathname.1            | 0
+	 7 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	EOF
 	git diff --stat -M HEAD >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
index 4bd2a1c838..1795ffc3aa 100755
--- a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
+++ b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
@@ -7,184 +7,105 @@ test_description='Test custom diff function name patterns'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-LF='
-'
-cat >Beer.java <<\EOF
-public class Beer
-{
-	int special;
-	public static void main(String args[])
-	{
-		String s=" ";
-		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
-		{
-			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
-				+ x + " bottles of beer\n"
-				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
-				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-		}
-		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
-			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-	}
-}
-EOF
-sed 's/beer\\/beer,\\/' <Beer.java >Beer-correct.java
-cat >Beer.perl <<\EOT
-package Beer;
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use parent qw(Exporter);
-our @EXPORT_OK = qw(round finalround);
-
-sub other; # forward declaration
-
-# hello
-
-sub round {
-	my ($n) = @_;
-	print "$n bottles of beer on the wall ";
-	print "$n bottles of beer\n";
-	print "Take one down, pass it around, ";
-	$n = $n - 1;
-	print "$n bottles of beer on the wall.\n";
-}
-
-sub finalround
-{
-	print "Go to the store, buy some more\n";
-	print "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-}
-
-sub withheredocument {
-	print <<"EOF"
-decoy here-doc
-EOF
-	# some lines of context
-	# to pad it out
-	print "hello\n";
-}
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-Beer - subroutine to output fragment of a drinking song
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-	use Beer qw(round finalround);
-
-	sub song {
-		for (my $i = 99; $i > 0; $i--) {
-			round $i;
-		}
-		finalround;
-	}
-
-	song;
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	# a non-trivial custom pattern
+	git config diff.custom1.funcname "!static
+!String
+[^ 	].*s.*" &&
 
-=cut
-EOT
-sed -e '
-	s/hello/goodbye/
-	s/beer\\/beer,\\/
-	s/more\\/more,\\/
-	s/song;/song();/
-' <Beer.perl >Beer-correct.perl
+	# a custom pattern which matches to end of line
+	git config diff.custom2.funcname "......Beer\$" &&
 
-test_config () {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
+	# alternation in pattern
+	git config diff.custom3.funcname "Beer$" &&
+	git config diff.custom3.xfuncname "^[ 	]*((public|static).*)$" &&
 
-test_expect_funcname () {
-	lang=${2-java}
-	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index -U1 \
-		"Beer.$lang" "Beer-correct.$lang" >diff &&
-	grep "^@@.*@@ $1" diff
-}
+	# for regexp compilation tests
+	echo A >A.java &&
+	echo B >B.java
+'
 
-for p in bibtex cpp csharp fortran html java matlab objc pascal perl php python ruby tex
+diffpatterns="
+	ada
+	bibtex
+	cpp
+	csharp
+	css
+	fortran
+	fountain
+	html
+	java
+	matlab
+	objc
+	pascal
+	perl
+	php
+	python
+	ruby
+	tex
+	custom1
+	custom2
+	custom3
+"
+
+for p in $diffpatterns
 do
 	test_expect_success "builtin $p pattern compiles" '
 		echo "*.java diff=$p" >.gitattributes &&
 		test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index \
-			Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-		! grep fatal msg &&
-		! grep error msg
+			A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! fatal msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! error msg
 	'
 	test_expect_success "builtin $p wordRegex pattern compiles" '
 		echo "*.java diff=$p" >.gitattributes &&
 		test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index --word-diff \
-			Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-		! grep fatal msg &&
-		! grep error msg
+			A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! fatal msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! error msg
 	'
 done
 
-test_expect_success 'default behaviour' '
-	rm -f .gitattributes &&
-	test_expect_funcname "public class Beer\$"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'set up .gitattributes declaring drivers to test' '
-	cat >.gitattributes <<-\EOF
-	*.java diff=java
-	*.perl diff=perl
-	EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'preset java pattern' '
-	test_expect_funcname "public static void main("
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'preset perl pattern' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub round {\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern accepts K&R style brace placement, too' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub finalround\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'but is not distracted by end of <<here document' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub withheredocument {\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern is not distracted by sub within POD' '
-	test_expect_funcname "=head" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern gets full line of POD header' '
-	test_expect_funcname "=head1 SYNOPSIS\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern is not distracted by forward declaration' '
-	test_expect_funcname "package Beer;\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'custom pattern' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "!static
-!String
-[^ 	].*s.*" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "int special;\$"
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'last regexp must not be negated' '
+	echo "*.java diff=java" >.gitattributes &&
 	test_config diff.java.funcname "!static" &&
-	test_expect_code 128 git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-	grep ": Last expression must not be negated:" msg
+	test_expect_code 128 git diff --no-index A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+	test_i18ngrep ": Last expression must not be negated:" msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pattern which matches to end of line' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "Beer\$" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "Beer\$"
+test_expect_success 'setup hunk header tests' '
+	for i in $diffpatterns
+	do
+		echo "$i-* diff=$i"
+	done > .gitattributes &&
+
+	# add all test files to the index
+	(
+		cd "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4018 &&
+		git --git-dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git" add .
+	) &&
+
+	# place modified files in the worktree
+	for i in $(git ls-files)
+	do
+		sed -e "s/ChangeMe/IWasChanged/" <"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4018/$i" >"$i" || return 1
+	done
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternation in pattern' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "Beer$" &&
-	test_config diff.java.xfuncname "^[ 	]*((public|static).*)$" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "public static void main("
-'
+# check each individual file
+for i in $(git ls-files)
+do
+	if grep broken "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		result=failure
+	else
+		result=success
+	fi
+	test_expect_$result "hunk header: $i" "
+		test_when_finished 'cat actual' &&	# for debugging only
+		git diff -U1 $i >actual &&
+		grep '@@ .* @@.*RIGHT' actual
+	"
+done
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4018/README b/t/t4018/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..283e01cca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/README
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+How to write RIGHT test cases
+=============================
+
+Insert the word "ChangeMe" (exactly this form) at a distance of
+at least two lines from the line that must appear in the hunk header.
+
+The text that must appear in the hunk header must contain the word
+"right", but in all upper-case, like in the title above.
+
+To mark a test case that highlights a malfunction, insert the word
+BROKEN in all lower-case somewhere in the file.
+
+This text is a bit twisted and out of order, but it is itself a
+test case for the default hunk header pattern. Know what you are doing
+if you change it.
+
+BTW, this tests that the head line goes to the hunk header, not the line
+of equal signs.
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function b/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ee6bbef55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Item RIGHT::DoSomething( Args with_spaces )
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec4f115c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Item::Item(int RIGHT)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49a69f37e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Item::Item(int RIGHT) :
+	member(0)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11b61da3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+class RIGHT
+{
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b98cd09ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class RIGHT :
+	public Baseclass
+{
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor b/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5487665096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+RIGHT::~RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1084d5990e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+::Item get::it::RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9750aa61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+get::Item get::it::RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
+
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef15657ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+const char *get_it_RIGHT(char *ptr)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01b051df70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+string& get::it::RIGHT(char *ptr)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function b/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08c7c7565a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const char *
+RIGHT(int arg)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6749980241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+namespace RIGHT
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1acd827159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Value operator+(Value LEFT, Value RIGHT)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d4a9dbb9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class RIGHT : public Baseclass
+{
+public:
+protected:
+private:
+	void DoSomething();
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3800b9967a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+struct item RIGHT(int i)
+// Do not
+// pick up
+/* these
+** comments.
+*/
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9c10aba22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+void RIGHT (void)
+{
+repeat:		// C++ comment
+next:		/* C comment */
+	do_something();
+
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..521c59fd15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+struct RIGHT {
+	unsigned
+	/* this bit field looks like a label and should not be picked up */
+		decoy_bitfield: 2,
+		more : 1;
+	int filler;
+
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0de5fb800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+void wrong()
+{
+}
+
+struct RIGHT_iterator_tag {};
+
+int ChangeMe;
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cdf5ba5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+template<class T> int RIGHT(T arg)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ec94df697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+union RIGHT {
+	double v;
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function b/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..153081e872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void RIGHT (void)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-brace-in-col-1 b/t/t4018/css-brace-in-col-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7831577506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-brace-in-col-1
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+RIGHT label.control-label
+{
+    margin-top: 10px!important;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-colon-eol b/t/t4018/css-colon-eol
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a30553d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-colon-eol
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+RIGHT h1 {
+color:
+ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-colon-selector b/t/t4018/css-colon-selector
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6d71fb42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-colon-selector
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+RIGHT a:hover {
+    margin-top:
+    10px!important;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-common b/t/t4018/css-common
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84ed754b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-common
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+RIGHT label.control-label {
+    margin-top: 10px!important;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-long-selector-list b/t/t4018/css-long-selector-list
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ccd25d9ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-long-selector-list
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+p.header,
+label.control-label,
+div ul#RIGHT {
+    margin-top: 10px!important;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-prop-sans-indent b/t/t4018/css-prop-sans-indent
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9e3c86b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-prop-sans-indent
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+RIGHT, label.control-label {
+margin-top: 10px!important;
+padding: 0;
+border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-short-selector-list b/t/t4018/css-short-selector-list
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a0bdee336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-short-selector-list
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+label.control, div ul#RIGHT {
+    margin-top: 10px!important;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-trailing-space b/t/t4018/css-trailing-space
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32b5606c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-trailing-space
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+RIGHT label.control-label {
+    margin:10px;   
+    padding:10px;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom1-pattern b/t/t4018/custom1-pattern
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8fd59f884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom1-pattern
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special, RIGHT;
+	public static void main(String args[])
+	{
+		String s=" ";
+		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
+		{
+			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
+				+ x + " bottles of beer\n" // ChangeMe
+				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
+				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+		}
+		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
+			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line b/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f88ac318b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+public class RIGHT_Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String args[])
+	{
+		System.out.print("ChangeMe");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern b/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f3769c64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String RIGHT[])
+	{
+		String s=" ";
+		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
+		{
+			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
+				+ x + " bottles of beer\n" // ChangeMe
+				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
+				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+		}
+		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
+			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/fountain-scene b/t/t4018/fountain-scene
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b3257d680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fountain-scene
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+EXT. STREET RIGHT OUTSIDE - DAY
+
+CHARACTER
+You didn't say the magic phrase, "ChangeMe".
diff --git a/t/t4018/java-class-member-function b/t/t4018/java-class-member-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..298bc7a71b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/java-class-member-function
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String RIGHT[])
+	{
+		System.out.print("ChangeMe");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc b/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c22d39b256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+sub RIGHTwithheredocument {
+	print <<"EOF"
+decoy here-doc
+EOF
+	# some lines of context
+	# to pad it out
+	print "ChangeMe\n";
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl b/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a98cb8bdad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package RIGHT;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use parent qw(Exporter);
+our @EXPORT_OK = qw(round finalround);
+
+sub other; # forward declaration
+
+# ChangeMe
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod b/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e39f02462e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+=head1 NAME
+
+Beer - subroutine to output fragment of a drinking song
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS_RIGHT
+
+	use Beer qw(round finalround);
+
+	sub song {
+		for (my $i = 99; $i > 0; $i--) {
+			round $i;
+		}
+		finalround;
+	}
+
+	ChangeMe;
+
+=cut
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a507d1f645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sub RIGHT {
+	my ($n) = @_;
+	print "ChangeMe";
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..330b3df114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sub RIGHT
+{
+	print "ChangeMe\n";
+}
diff --git a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
index 083f62d1d6..044620186d 100755
--- a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
+++ b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,53 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF environment and --no-ext-diff' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'typechange diff' '
+	rm -f file &&
+	ln -s elif file &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff  | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z120000 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	} &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff --no-ext-diff >actual &&
+	git diff >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo third >file &&
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git diff | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z100644 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external should apply only to diff' '
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git log -p -1 HEAD |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external and --no-ext-diff' '
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git diff --no-ext-diff |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'diff attribute' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo third >file &&
 
 	git config diff.parrot.command echo &&
 
@@ -113,6 +159,19 @@ test_expect_success 'diff attribute and --no-ext-diff' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF trumps diff.external' '
+	>.gitattributes &&
+	test_config diff.external "echo ext-global" &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF="echo ext-env" git diff | grep ext-env
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attributes trump GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and diff.external' '
+	test_config diff.foo.command "echo ext-attribute" &&
+	test_config diff.external "echo ext-global" &&
+	echo "file diff=foo" >.gitattributes &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF="echo ext-env" git diff | grep ext-attribute
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'no diff with -diff' '
 	echo >.gitattributes "file -diff" &&
 	git diff | grep Binary
@@ -134,6 +193,19 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF with more than one changed files' '
 	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF path counter/total' '
+	write_script external-diff.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	echo $GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER of $GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL >>counter.txt
+	EOF
+	>counter.txt &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	1 of 2
+	2 of 2
+	EOF
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./external-diff.sh git diff &&
+	test_cmp expect counter.txt
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF generates pretty paths' '
 	touch file.ext &&
 	git add file.ext &&
@@ -154,12 +226,13 @@ keep_only_cr () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'external diff with autocrlf = true' '
-	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	test_config core.autocrlf true &&
 	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./fake-diff.sh git diff &&
 	test $(wc -l < crlfed.txt) = $(cat crlfed.txt | keep_only_cr | wc -c)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --cached' '
+	test_config core.autocrlf true &&
 	git add file &&
 	git update-index --assume-unchanged file &&
 	echo second >file &&
@@ -167,4 +240,31 @@ test_expect_success 'diff --cached' '
 	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4020/diff.NUL actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clean up crlf leftovers' '
+	git update-index --no-assume-unchanged file &&
+	rm -f file* &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule diff' '
+	git init sub &&
+	( cd sub && test_commit sub1 ) &&
+	git add sub &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule" &&
+	( cd sub && test_commit sub2 ) &&
+	write_script gather_pre_post.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "$1 $4" # path, mode
+	cat "$2" # old file
+	cat "$5" # new file
+	EOF
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./gather_pre_post.sh git diff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	sub 160000
+	Subproject commit $(git rev-parse HEAD:sub)
+	Subproject commit $(cd sub && git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
index c00a94b9ba..cb51d9f9d4 100755
--- a/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 test_expect_success 'detect rewrite' '
 
 	actual=$(git diff-files -B --summary test) &&
-	expr "$actual" : " rewrite test ([0-9]*%)$" || {
-		echo "Eh? <<$actual>>"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose expr "$actual" : " rewrite test ([0-9]*%)$"
 
 '
 
@@ -66,5 +63,35 @@ test_expect_success 'suppress deletion diff with -B -D' '
 	grep -v "Linus Torvalds" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prepare a file that ends with an incomplete line' '
+	test_seq 1 99 >seq &&
+	printf 100 >>seq &&
+	git add seq &&
+	git commit seq -m seq
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite the middle 90% of sequence file and terminate with newline' '
+	test_seq 1 5 >seq &&
+	test_seq 9331 9420 >>seq &&
+	test_seq 96 100 >>seq
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm that sequence file is considered a rewrite' '
+	git diff -B seq >res &&
+	grep "dissimilarity index" res
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no newline at eof is on its own line without -B' '
+	git diff seq >res &&
+	grep "^\\\\ " res &&
+	! grep "^..*\\\\ " res
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no newline at eof is on its own line with -B' '
+	git diff -B seq >res &&
+	grep "^\\\\ " res &&
+	! grep "^..*\\\\ " res
+'
+
 test_done
 
diff --git a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
index 5d20acf436..8c9823765e 100755
--- a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
@@ -4,44 +4,44 @@ test_description='typechange rename detection'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
-	ln -s linklink bar &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink bar &&
+	git add foo &&
 	git commit -a -m Initial &&
 	git tag one &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
-	ln -s linklink foo &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink foo &&
+	git add bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Second &&
 	git tag two &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit -a -m Third &&
 	git tag three &&
 
 	mv foo bar &&
-	ln -s linklink foo &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink foo &&
+	git add bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Fourth &&
 	git tag four &&
 
 	# This is purely for sanity check
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >bar &&
 	git add foo bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Fifth &&
 	git tag five &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >foo &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
 	git add foo bar &&
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 
 	git diff-tree five six -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 
 	git diff-tree one two -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
@@ -72,11 +72,12 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'moves and renames' '
+test_expect_success 'moves and renames' '
 
 	git diff-tree three four -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
-		echo "R100	foo	bar"
+		# see -B -M (#6) in t4008
+		echo "C100	foo	bar"
 		echo "T100	foo"
 	} | sort >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh b/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
index c4d733f5db..7e76018296 100755
--- a/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
+++ b/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		( printf C; zs $n ) >file-c$n &&
 		( echo D; zs $n ) >file-d$n &&
 
-		expect_pattern $n || break
+		expect_pattern $n || return 1
 
 	done >expect
 '
diff --git a/t/t4026-color.sh b/t/t4026-color.sh
index 3726a0e201..2b32c4fbe6 100755
--- a/t/t4026-color.sh
+++ b/t/t4026-color.sh
@@ -45,14 +45,41 @@ test_expect_success 'fg bg attr...' '
 	color "blue bold dim ul blink reverse" "[1;2;4;5;7;34m"
 '
 
+# note that nobold and nodim are the same code (22)
+test_expect_success 'attr negation' '
+	color "nobold nodim noul noblink noreverse" "[22;24;25;27m"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'long color specification' '
 	color "254 255 bold dim ul blink reverse" "[1;2;4;5;7;38;5;254;48;5;255m"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'absurdly long color specification' '
+	color \
+	  "#ffffff #ffffff bold nobold dim nodim ul noul blink noblink reverse noreverse" \
+	  "[1;2;4;5;7;22;24;25;27;38;2;255;255;255;48;2;255;255;255m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '0-7 are aliases for basic ANSI color names' '
+	color "0 7" "[30;47m"
+'
+
 test_expect_success '256 colors' '
 	color "254 bold 255" "[1;38;5;254;48;5;255m"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '24-bit colors' '
+	color "#ff00ff black" "[38;2;255;0;255;40m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"normal" yields no color at all"' '
+	color "normal black" "[40m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-1 is a synonym for "normal"' '
+	color "-1 black" "[40m"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'color too small' '
 	invalid_color "-2"
 '
@@ -84,9 +111,9 @@ test_expect_success 'unknown color slots are ignored (branch)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'unknown color slots are ignored (status)' '
-	git config color.status.nosuchslotwilleverbedefined white || exit
-	git status
-	case $? in 0|1) : ok ;; *) false ;; esac
+	git config color.status.nosuchslotwilleverbedefined white &&
+	{ git status; ret=$?; } &&
+	case $ret in 0|1) : ok ;; *) false ;; esac
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
index 88c5619ae7..aad6c7f78d 100755
--- a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ EOF
 
 cat >hexdump <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
-perl -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
 EOF
 chmod +x hexdump
 
@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@ test_expect_success 'diff produces text' '
 	test_cmp expect.text actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show commit produces text' '
+	git show HEAD >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.text actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'diff-tree produces binary' '
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >diff &&
 	find_diff <diff >actual &&
@@ -84,14 +90,60 @@ test_expect_success 'status -v produces text' '
 	git reset --soft HEAD@{1}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show blob produces binary' '
+	git show HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "\\0\\n\\01\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show --textconv blob produces text' '
+	git show --textconv HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "0\\n1\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show --no-textconv blob produces binary' '
+	git show --no-textconv HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "\\0\\n\\01\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep-diff (-G) operates on textconv data (add)' '
+	echo one >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -G0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep-diff (-G) operates on textconv data (modification)' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -G1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pickaxe (-S) operates on textconv data (add)' '
+	echo one >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -S0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pickaxe (-S) operates on textconv data (modification)' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -S1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat >expect.stat <<'EOF'
- file |  Bin 2 -> 4 bytes
- 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ file | Bin 2 -> 4 bytes
+ 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'diffstat does not run textconv' '
 	echo file diff=fail >.gitattributes &&
 	git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect.stat actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect.stat actual &&
+
+	head -n1 <expect.stat >expect.line1 &&
+	head -n1 <actual >actual.line1 &&
+	test_cmp expect.line1 actual.line1
 '
 # restore working setup
 echo file diff=foo >.gitattributes
@@ -111,12 +163,10 @@ index 0000000..67be421
 +frotz
 \ No newline at end of file
 EOF
-# make a symlink the hard way that works on symlink-challenged file systems
+
 test_expect_success 'textconv does not act on symlinks' '
-	printf frotz > file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git ls-files -s | sed -e s/100644/120000/ |
-		git update-index --index-info &&
+	rm -f file &&
+	test_ln_s_add frotz file &&
 	git commit -m typechange &&
 	git show >diff &&
 	find_diff <diff >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh b/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
index 7d7470f21b..eacc6694f7 100755
--- a/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
@@ -44,17 +44,23 @@ test_expect_success 'rewrite diff can show binary patch' '
 	grep "GIT binary patch" diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rewrite diff --stat shows binary changes' '
+test_expect_success 'rewrite diff --numstat shows binary changes' '
+	git diff -B --numstat --summary >diff &&
+	grep -e "-	-	" diff &&
+	grep " rewrite file" diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --stat counts binary rewrite as 0 lines' '
 	git diff -B --stat --summary >diff &&
 	grep "Bin" diff &&
-	grep "0 insertions.*0 deletions" diff &&
+	test_i18ngrep "0 insertions.*0 deletions" diff &&
 	grep " rewrite file" diff
 '
 
 {
 	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
 	cat <<'EOF'
-perl -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
 EOF
 } >dump
 chmod +x dump
diff --git a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
index 6f1e5a2a15..912df91226 100755
--- a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
+++ b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='word diff colors'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
 cat >pre.simple <<-\EOF
 	h(4)
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes override config' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup: remove diff driver regex' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.testdriver.wordRegex
+	test_unconfig diff.testdriver.wordRegex
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'use configured regex' '
@@ -293,9 +294,15 @@ test_expect_success '--word-diff=none' '
 	word_diff --word-diff=plain --word-diff=none
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'unset default driver' '
+	test_unconfig diff.wordregex
+'
+
+test_language_driver ada
 test_language_driver bibtex
 test_language_driver cpp
 test_language_driver csharp
+test_language_driver css
 test_language_driver fortran
 test_language_driver html
 test_language_driver java
@@ -329,9 +336,53 @@ test_expect_success 'word-diff with diff.sbe' '
 
 	c
 	EOF
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.suppress-blank-empty" &&
-	git config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
+	test_config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
+	word_diff --word-diff=plain
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'word-diff with no newline at EOF' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/pre b/post
+	index 7bf316e..3dd0303 100644
+	--- a/pre
+	+++ b/post
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	a a [-a-]{+ab+} a a
+	EOF
+	printf "%s" "a a a a a" >pre &&
+	printf "%s" "a a ab a a" >post &&
 	word_diff --word-diff=plain
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup history with two files' '
+	echo "a b; c" >a.tex &&
+	echo "a b; c" >z.txt &&
+	git add a.tex z.txt &&
+	git commit -minitial &&
+
+	# modify both
+	echo "a bx; c" >a.tex &&
+	echo "a bx; c" >z.txt &&
+	git commit -mmodified -a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wordRegex for the first file does not apply to the second' '
+	echo "*.tex diff=tex" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_config diff.tex.wordRegex "[a-z]+|." &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		diff --git a/a.tex b/a.tex
+		--- a/a.tex
+		+++ b/a.tex
+		@@ -1 +1 @@
+		a [-b-]{+bx+}; c
+		diff --git a/z.txt b/z.txt
+		--- a/z.txt
+		+++ b/z.txt
+		@@ -1 +1 @@
+		a [-b;-]{+bx;+} c
+	EOF
+	git diff --word-diff HEAD~ >actual &&
+	compare_diff_patch expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/expect b/t/t4034/ada/expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a682d288b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/expect
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<BOLD>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<BOLD>index d96fdd1..df21bb0 100644<RESET>
+<BOLD>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<BOLD>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@<RESET>
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World<RED>!<RESET><GREEN>?<RESET>");
+1 <RED>1e-10<RESET><GREEN>1e10<RESET> 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 '<RED>x<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>'
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>x<RESET>+<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>-<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>*<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>/<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>**<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>(<RED>b<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>)
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>x<RESET>:=<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>=<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>/= <RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET><<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET><=<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>><RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>>=<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>,<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>=><RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>..<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET><><RED>b<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/post b/t/t4034/ada/post
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df21bb044f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/post
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World?");
+1 1e10 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 'y'
+x+y x-y
+x*y x/y
+x**y
+x(y)
+x:=y
+x=y x/= y
+x<y x<=y x>y x>=y
+x,y
+x=>y
+x..y
+x<>y
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/pre b/t/t4034/ada/pre
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d96fdd1e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/pre
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World!");
+1 1e-10 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 'x'
+a+b a-b
+a*b a/b
+a**b
+a(b)
+a:=b
+a=b a/= b
+a<b a<=b a>b a>=b
+a,b
+a=>b
+a..b
+a<>b
diff --git a/t/t4034/css/expect b/t/t4034/css/expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed10393bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/css/expect
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<BOLD>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<BOLD>index b8ae0bb..fe500b7 100644<RESET>
+<BOLD>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<BOLD>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@<RESET>
+.<RED>class-form<RESET><GREEN>other-form<RESET> label.control-label {
+    margin-top: <RED>10<RESET><GREEN>15<RESET>px!important;
+    border : 10px <RED>dashed<RESET><GREEN>dotted<RESET> #C6C6C6;
+}<RESET>
+<RED>#CCCCCC<RESET><GREEN>#CCCCCB<RESET>
+10em<RESET>
+<RED>padding-bottom<RESET><GREEN>margin-left<RESET>
+150<RED>px<RESET><GREEN>em<RESET>
+10px
+<RED>!important<RESET>
+<RED>div<RESET><GREEN>li<RESET>.class#id
diff --git a/t/t4034/css/post b/t/t4034/css/post
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe500b7a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/css/post
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+.other-form label.control-label {
+    margin-top: 15px!important;
+    border : 10px dotted #C6C6C6;
+}
+#CCCCCB
+10em
+margin-left
+150em
+10px
+li.class#id
diff --git a/t/t4034/css/pre b/t/t4034/css/pre
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8ae0bb48f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/css/pre
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+.class-form label.control-label {
+    margin-top: 10px!important;
+    border : 10px dashed #C6C6C6;
+}
+#CCCCCC
+10em
+padding-bottom
+150px
+10px!important
+div.class#id
diff --git a/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh b/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
index e747e84227..461f4bb583 100755
--- a/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
+++ b/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
@@ -10,71 +10,146 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git commit -m first &&
 	echo 2 >b &&
 	git add . &&
-	git commit -a -m second
+	git commit -a -m second &&
+	mkdir -p test-outside/repo && (
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "1 1" >a &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m 1
+	) &&
+	mkdir -p test-outside/non/git && (
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		echo "1 1" >a &&
+		echo "1 1" >matching-file &&
+		echo "1 1 " >trailing-space &&
+		echo "1   1" >extra-space &&
+		echo "2" >never-match
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD >cnt
-	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- a' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- a >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- a >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
-	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 # this diff outputs one line: sha1 of the given head
 test_expect_success 'echo HEAD | git diff-tree --stdin' '
-	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) | git diff-tree --quiet --stdin >cnt
-	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 1
+	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --quiet --stdin >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 1 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD HEAD' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD HEAD >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-tree --quiet HEAD HEAD >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
-	git diff-files --quiet >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-files --quiet >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
-	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
-	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt
-	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
 	echo text >>b &&
 	echo 3 >c &&
-	git add . && {
-		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt
-		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
-	}
+	git add . &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
-	git commit -m "text in b" && {
-		git diff-tree --quiet -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
-		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
-	}
+	git commit -m "text in b" &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --quiet -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-tree --quiet -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
-	echo 3 >>c && {
-		git diff-files --quiet >cnt
-		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
-	}
+	echo 3 >>c &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-files --quiet >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
+
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
-	git update-index c && {
-		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt
-		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
-	}
+	git update-index c &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet a ../non/git/matching-file &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet a ../non/git/extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet a matching-file &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet a extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-space-at-eol, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a ../non/git/trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a ../non/git/extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-space-at-eol, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-all-space, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/extra-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/never-match
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-all-space, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a extra-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a never-match
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --quiet ignores stat-change only entries' '
+	test-chmtime +10 a &&
+	echo modified >>b &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh b/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
index ba43f18549..98d9713d8b 100755
--- a/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
+++ b/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ test_expect_success 'attach and signoff do not duplicate mime headers' '
 
 	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="��� ����" \
 	git format-patch -s --stdout -1 --attach >output &&
-	test `grep -ci ^MIME-Version: output` = 1
+	test $(grep -ci ^MIME-Version: output) = 1
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
index 40277c77aa..0b4f7dfdc6 100755
--- a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
+++ b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='combined diff'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
 setup_helper () {
 	one=$1 branch=$2 side=$3 &&
@@ -89,4 +90,349 @@ test_expect_success 'diagnose truncated file' '
 	grep "diff --cc file" out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for --cc --raw' '
+	blob=$(echo file | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+	base_tree=$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree) &&
+	trees= &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 40)
+	do
+		blob=$(echo file$i | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+		trees="$trees$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree)$LF"
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with four trees' '
+	four_trees=$(echo "$trees" | sed -e 4q) &&
+	git diff --cc --raw $four_trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for four leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with forty trees' '
+	git diff --cc --raw $trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for forty leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup combined ignore spaces' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce Q
+	space  change coalesce
+	all spa ces coalesce
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test space change" -a &&
+
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce
+	space change coalesce
+	all spaces coalesce
+	eol spaces
+	space change
+	all spaces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test other space changes" -a &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m merged -a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (no ignore space)' '
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	- eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	- eol spaces
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	 -eol space coalesce Q
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	+ eol spaces Q
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space at eol)' '
+	git show --ignore-space-at-eol >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space change)' '
+	git show -b >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	- all spaces
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore all spaces)' '
+	git show -w >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	--all spaces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	  all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce simple' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_seq 4 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_seq 5 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--1
+	--2
+	--3
+	--4
+	- 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce tricky' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch -f side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	 -3
+	--1
+	 -2
+	--3
+	- 5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual &&
+	git checkout -f side1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side2 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 3
+	--1
+	- 2
+	--3
+	 -5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'combine diff coalesce three parents' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	7
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	6
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty3 &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	TREE=$(git write-tree) &&
+	COMMIT=$(git commit-tree -p HEAD -p side1 -p side2 -m merge $TREE) &&
+	git show $COMMIT >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	-- 3
+	---1
+	-  6
+	 - 2
+	 --3
+	  -7
+	- -5
+	---4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+# Test for a bug reported at
+# http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/224410
+# where a delete lines were missing from combined diff output when they
+# occurred exactly before the context lines of a later change.
+test_expect_success 'combine diff missing delete bug' '
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m side1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	0
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m side2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side1 &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git diff-tree -c -p HEAD >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 0
+	  1
+	  2
+	  3
+	 -4
+	 +4modified
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff gets tree sorting right' '
+	# create a directory and a file that sort differently in trees
+	# versus byte-wise (implied "/" sorts after ".")
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	echo base >foo/one &&
+	echo base >foo/two &&
+	echo base >foo.ext &&
+	git add foo foo.ext &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+
+	# one side modifies a file in the directory, along with the root
+	# file...
+	echo master >foo/one &&
+	echo master >foo.ext &&
+	git commit -a -m master &&
+
+	# the other side modifies the other file in the directory
+	git checkout -b other HEAD^ &&
+	echo other >foo/two &&
+	git commit -a -m other &&
+
+	# And now we merge. The files in the subdirectory will resolve cleanly,
+	# meaning that a combined diff will not find them interesting. But it
+	# will find the tree itself interesting, because it had to be merged.
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge other &&
+
+	printf "MM\tfoo\n" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree -c --name-status -t HEAD >actual.tmp &&
+	sed 1d <actual.tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh b/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh
index 9d9498bd95..23c0e357a7 100755
--- a/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh
+++ b/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh
@@ -28,4 +28,15 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-files does not examine assume-unchanged entries' '
 	test -z "$(git diff-files -- one)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'find-copies-harder is not confused by mode bits' '
+	echo content >exec &&
+	chmod +x exec &&
+	git add exec &&
+	git commit -m exec &&
+	git update-index --assume-unchanged exec &&
+	>expect &&
+	git diff-files --find-copies-harder -- exec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
index bf9a7526bd..2d9731b52d 100755
--- a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
+++ b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann, based on t7401 by Ping Yin
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
 #
 
 test_description='Support for verbose submodule differences in git diff
@@ -10,19 +11,28 @@ This test tries to verify the sanity of the --submodule option of git diff.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# Tested non-UTF-8 encoding
+test_encoding="ISO8859-1"
+
+# String "added" in German (translated with Google Translate), encoded in UTF-8,
+# used in sample commit log messages in add_file() function below.
+added=$(printf "hinzugef\303\274gt")
 add_file () {
-	sm=$1
-	shift
-	owd=$(pwd)
-	cd "$sm"
-	for name; do
-		echo "$name" > "$name" &&
-		git add "$name" &&
-		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m "Add $name"
-	done >/dev/null
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
-	cd "$owd"
+	(
+		cd "$1" &&
+		shift &&
+		for name
+		do
+			echo "$name" >"$name" &&
+			git add "$name" &&
+			test_tick &&
+			# "git commit -m" would break MinGW, as Windows refuse to pass
+			# $test_encoding encoded parameter to git.
+			echo "Add $name ($added $name)" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding |
+			git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=$test_encoding" commit -F -
+		done >/dev/null &&
+		git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
+	)
 }
 commit_file () {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -33,92 +43,133 @@ test_create_repo sm1 &&
 add_file . foo >/dev/null
 
 head1=$(add_file sm1 foo1 foo2)
+fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 
-test_expect_success 'added submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'added submodule' '
 	git add sm1 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule, set diff.submodule' '
+	git config diff.submodule log &&
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+	EOF
+	git config --unset diff.submodule &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--submodule=short overrides diff.submodule' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff --submodule=short --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head1
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule does not affect plumbing' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	git diff-index -p HEAD >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head1
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' '
 	git diff --submodule >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head1)
-fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head2)
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' "
+fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' '
 	git diff --submodule=short >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-index $head1..$head2 160000
---- a/sm1
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--Subproject commit $fullhead1
-+Subproject commit $fullhead2
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	index $head1..$head2 160000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead2
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head3=$(
 	cd sm1 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 >/dev/null &&
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
+	git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
 )
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
-  < Add foo3
-  < Add foo2
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
+	  < Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	  < Add foo2 ($added foo2)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
-head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
+head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
-  > Add foo5
-  > Add foo4
-  < Add foo3
-  < Add foo2
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
+	  > Add foo5 ($added foo5)
+	  > Add foo4 ($added foo4)
+	  < Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	  < Add foo2 ($added foo2)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 mv sm1 sm1-bak &&
@@ -128,319 +179,319 @@ git add sm1 &&
 rm -f sm1 &&
 mv sm1-bak sm1
 
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' '
 	git diff --submodule=log --cached >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 41fbea9...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..9da5fb8
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+sm1
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$head5
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+sm1
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 100644
-index 9da5fb8..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--sm1
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $head5..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-sm1
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..$head5
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+sm1
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$head5
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+sm1
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
 test_create_repo sm1 &&
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
-fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head6)
-test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
+fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 100644
-index $head5..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--sm1
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $head5..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-sm1
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
-test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-EOF
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' '
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=all --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' '
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 (cd sm1; git commit -mchange foo6 >/dev/null) &&
-head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7) &&
-test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' "
+head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD) &&
+test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' '
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=all --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' '
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -rf sm1
-test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
 head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
 git add sm2
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
+test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'path filter' "
+test_expect_success 'path filter' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD sm2 >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm2
-test_expect_success 'given commit' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head7)
+fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 
-test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=short HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 160000
-index $head6..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--Subproject commit $fullhead6
-diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
-new file mode 160000
-index 0000000..$head7
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm2
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+Subproject commit $fullhead7
-EOF
-	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 160000
+	index $head6..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-Subproject commit $fullhead6
+	diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head7
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm2
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead7
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup .git file for sm2' '
 	(cd sm2 &&
@@ -452,9 +503,45 @@ test_expect_success 'setup .git file for sm2' '
 test_expect_success 'diff --submodule with .git file' '
 	git diff --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --submodule with objects referenced by alternates' '
+	mkdir sub_alt &&
+	(cd sub_alt &&
+		git init &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m a
+	) &&
+	mkdir super &&
+	(cd super &&
+		git clone -s ../sub_alt sub &&
+		git init &&
+		git add sub &&
+		git commit -m "sub a"
+	) &&
+	(cd sub_alt &&
+		sha1_before=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+		echo b >b &&
+		git add b &&
+		git commit -m b &&
+		sha1_after=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+		{
+			echo "Submodule sub $sha1_before..$sha1_after:" &&
+			echo "  > b"
+		} >../expected
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+		(cd sub &&
+			git fetch &&
+			git checkout origin/master
+		) &&
+		git diff --submodule > ../actual
+	) &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
index 91f8198f05..04a44d5c61 100755
--- a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
+++ b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
@@ -106,4 +106,12 @@ test_expect_success 'switching diff driver produces correct results' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# The point here is to test that we can log the notes cache and still use it to
+# produce a diff later (older versions of git would segfault on this). It's
+# much more likely to come up in the real world with "log --all -p", but using
+# --no-walk lets us reliably reproduce the order of traversal.
+test_expect_success 'log notes cache and still use cache for -p' '
+	git log --no-walk -p refs/notes/textconv/magic HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4043-diff-rename-binary.sh b/t/t4043-diff-rename-binary.sh
index 06012811a1..2a2cf91352 100755
--- a/t/t4043-diff-rename-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4043-diff-rename-binary.sh
@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ test_expect_success 'move the files into a "sub" directory' '
 '
 
 cat > expected <<\EOF
- bar => sub/bar |  Bin 5 -> 5 bytes
- foo => sub/foo |    0
- 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+-	-	bar => sub/bar
+0	0	foo => sub/foo
 
 diff --git a/bar b/sub/bar
 similarity index 100%
@@ -38,7 +37,8 @@ rename to sub/foo
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'git show -C -C report renames' '
-	git show -C -C --raw --binary --stat | tail -n 12 > current &&
+	git show -C -C --raw --binary --numstat >patch-with-stat &&
+	tail -n 11 patch-with-stat >current &&
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4045-diff-relative.sh b/t/t4045-diff-relative.sh
index 8a3c63b9e2..3950f5034d 100755
--- a/t/t4045-diff-relative.sh
+++ b/t/t4045-diff-relative.sh
@@ -29,15 +29,27 @@ test_expect_success "-p $*" "
 "
 }
 
+check_numstat() {
+expect=$1; shift
+cat >expected <<EOF
+1	0	$expect
+EOF
+test_expect_success "--numstat $*" "
+	echo '1	0	$expect' >expected &&
+	git diff --numstat $* HEAD^ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+}
+
 check_stat() {
 expect=$1; shift
 cat >expected <<EOF
- $expect |    1 +
- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ $expect | 1 +
+ 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 EOF
 test_expect_success "--stat $*" "
 	git diff --stat $* HEAD^ >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 "
 }
 
@@ -52,7 +64,7 @@ test_expect_success "--raw $*" "
 "
 }
 
-for type in diff stat raw; do
+for type in diff numstat stat raw; do
 	check_$type file2 --relative=subdir/
 	check_$type file2 --relative=subdir
 	check_$type dir/file2 --relative=sub
diff --git a/t/t4046-diff-unmerged.sh b/t/t4046-diff-unmerged.sh
index 25d50a654a..d0f14475ca 100755
--- a/t/t4046-diff-unmerged.sh
+++ b/t/t4046-diff-unmerged.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	do
 		blob=$(echo $i | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 		eval "blob$i=$blob" &&
-		eval "m$i=\"100644 \$blob$i $i\"" || break
+		eval "m$i=\"100644 \$blob$i $i\"" || return 1
 	done &&
 	paths= &&
 	for b in o x
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 				case "$b" in x) echo "$m1$p" ;; esac &&
 				case "$o" in x) echo "$m2$p" ;; esac &&
 				case "$t" in x) echo "$m3$p" ;; esac ||
-				break
-			done || break
-		done || break
+				return 1
+			done
+		done
 	done >ls-files-s.expect &&
 	git update-index --index-info <ls-files-s.expect &&
 	git ls-files -s >ls-files-s.actual &&
diff --git a/t/t4047-diff-dirstat.sh b/t/t4047-diff-dirstat.sh
index 29e80a58cd..447a8ffa3a 100755
--- a/t/t4047-diff-dirstat.sh
+++ b/t/t4047-diff-dirstat.sh
@@ -248,54 +248,52 @@ EOF
 	git rm -r src/move/unchanged &&
 	git rm -r src/move/changed &&
 	git rm -r src/move/rearranged &&
-	git commit -m "changes"
+	git commit -m "changes" &&
+	git config diff.renames false
 '
 
 cat <<EOF >expect_diff_stat
- changed/text             |    2 +-
- dst/copy/changed/text    |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/copy/rearranged/text |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/copy/unchanged/text  |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/move/changed/text    |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/move/rearranged/text |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/move/unchanged/text  |   10 ++++++++++
- rearranged/text          |    2 +-
- src/move/changed/text    |   10 ----------
- src/move/rearranged/text |   10 ----------
- src/move/unchanged/text  |   10 ----------
- 11 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
+1	1	changed/text
+10	0	dst/copy/changed/text
+10	0	dst/copy/rearranged/text
+10	0	dst/copy/unchanged/text
+10	0	dst/move/changed/text
+10	0	dst/move/rearranged/text
+10	0	dst/move/unchanged/text
+1	1	rearranged/text
+0	10	src/move/changed/text
+0	10	src/move/rearranged/text
+0	10	src/move/unchanged/text
 EOF
 
 cat <<EOF >expect_diff_stat_M
- changed/text                      |    2 +-
- dst/copy/changed/text             |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/copy/rearranged/text          |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/copy/unchanged/text           |   10 ++++++++++
- {src => dst}/move/changed/text    |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/move/rearranged/text |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/move/unchanged/text  |    0
- rearranged/text                   |    2 +-
- 8 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
+1	1	changed/text
+10	0	dst/copy/changed/text
+10	0	dst/copy/rearranged/text
+10	0	dst/copy/unchanged/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/move/changed/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/move/rearranged/text
+0	0	{src => dst}/move/unchanged/text
+1	1	rearranged/text
 EOF
 
 cat <<EOF >expect_diff_stat_CC
- changed/text                      |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/copy/changed/text    |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/copy/rearranged/text |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/copy/unchanged/text  |    0
- {src => dst}/move/changed/text    |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/move/rearranged/text |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/move/unchanged/text  |    0
- rearranged/text                   |    2 +-
- 8 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'sanity check setup (--stat)' '
-	git diff --stat HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat &&
+1	1	changed/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/copy/changed/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/copy/rearranged/text
+0	0	{src => dst}/copy/unchanged/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/move/changed/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/move/rearranged/text
+0	0	{src => dst}/move/unchanged/text
+1	1	rearranged/text
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'sanity check setup (--numstat)' '
+	git diff --numstat HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_stat actual_diff_stat &&
-	git diff --stat -M HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat_M &&
+	git diff --numstat -M HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat_M &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_stat_M actual_diff_stat_M &&
-	git diff --stat -C -C HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat_CC &&
+	git diff --numstat -C -C HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat_CC &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_stat_CC actual_diff_stat_CC
 '
 
@@ -377,7 +375,7 @@ test_expect_success 'later options override earlier options:' '
 	git diff --dirstat=files,10,cumulative,changes,noncumulative,3 -M HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_dirstat_M &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_dirstat_M actual_diff_dirstat_M &&
 	git diff --dirstat=files,10,cumulative,changes,noncumulative,3 -C -C HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_dirstat_CC &&
-	test_cmp expect_diff_dirstat_CC actual_diff_dirstat_CC
+	test_cmp expect_diff_dirstat_CC actual_diff_dirstat_CC &&
 	git diff --dirstat=files --dirstat=10 --dirstat=cumulative --dirstat=changes --dirstat=noncumulative -X3 HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_dirstat &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_dirstat actual_diff_dirstat &&
 	git diff --dirstat=files --dirstat=10 --dirstat=cumulative --dirstat=changes --dirstat=noncumulative -X3 -M HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_dirstat_M &&
@@ -976,4 +974,18 @@ test_expect_success 'diff.dirstat=future_param,0,lines should warn, but still wo
 	test_i18ngrep -q "diff\\.dirstat" actual_error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--shortstat --dirstat should output only one dirstat' '
+	git diff --shortstat --dirstat=changes HEAD^..HEAD >out &&
+	grep " dst/copy/changed/$" out >actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_changes &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_changes &&
+
+	git diff --shortstat --dirstat=lines HEAD^..HEAD >out &&
+	grep " dst/copy/changed/$" out >actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_lines &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_lines &&
+
+	git diff --shortstat --dirstat=files HEAD^..HEAD >out &&
+	grep " dst/copy/changed/$" out >actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_files &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_files
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh b/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
index 641e70d14d..a34121740a 100755
--- a/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
+++ b/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
@@ -4,22 +4,65 @@
 test_description='diff --stat-count'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success setup '
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	>a &&
 	>b &&
 	>c &&
 	>d &&
 	git add a b c d &&
-	chmod +x c d &&
+	git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mode-only change show as a 0-line change' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_chmod +x b d &&
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo c >c &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	 a | 1 +
+	 b | 0
+	 ...
+	 4 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
+	EOF
+	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 HEAD >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'binary changes do not count in lines' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo c >c &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >d &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	 a | 1 +
+	 c | 1 +
+	 ...
+	 3 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
+	EOF
+	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exclude unmerged entries from total file count' '
+	git reset --hard &&
 	echo a >a &&
 	echo b >b &&
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF
-	 a |    1 +
-	 b |    1 +
-	 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	git ls-files -s a >x &&
+	git rm -f d &&
+	for stage in 1 2 3
+	do
+		sed -e "s/ 0	a/ $stage	d/" x
+	done |
+	git update-index --index-info &&
+	echo d >d &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	 a | 1 +
+	 b | 1 +
+	 ...
+	 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 	EOF
 	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4051-diff-function-context.sh b/t/t4051-diff-function-context.sh
index 001d678e09..b79b87790b 100755
--- a/t/t4051-diff-function-context.sh
+++ b/t/t4051-diff-function-context.sh
@@ -3,90 +3,180 @@
 test_description='diff function context'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
+dir="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4051"
 
-cat <<\EOF >hello.c
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-static int a(void)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Dummy.
-	 */
+commit_and_tag () {
+	tag=$1 &&
+	shift &&
+	git add "$@" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$tag" &&
+	git tag "$tag"
 }
 
-static int hello_world(void)
-{
-	/* Classic. */
-	printf("Hello world.\n");
-
-	/* Success! */
-	return 0;
+first_context_line () {
+	awk '
+		found {print; exit}
+		/^@@/ {found = 1}
+	'
 }
-static int b(void)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Dummy, too.
-	 */
+
+last_context_line () {
+	sed -ne \$p
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	a();
-	b();
-	return hello_world();
+check_diff () {
+	name=$1
+	desc=$2
+	options="-W $3"
+
+	test_expect_success "$desc" '
+		git diff $options "$name^" "$name" >"$name.diff"
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success ' diff applies' '
+		test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+		git checkout --detach "$name^" &&
+		git apply --index "$name.diff" &&
+		git diff --exit-code "$name"
+	'
 }
-EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	git add hello.c &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m initial &&
-
-	grep -v Classic <hello.c >hello.c.new &&
-	mv hello.c.new hello.c
-'
-
-cat <<\EOF >expected
-diff --git a/hello.c b/hello.c
---- a/hello.c
-+++ b/hello.c
-@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ static int a(void)
- static int hello_world(void)
- {
--	/* Classic. */
- 	printf("Hello world.\n");
- 
- 	/* Success! */
- 	return 0;
- }
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'diff -U0 -W' '
-	git diff -U0 -W >actual &&
-	compare_diff_patch actual expected
-'
-
-cat <<\EOF >expected
-diff --git a/hello.c b/hello.c
---- a/hello.c
-+++ b/hello.c
-@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ static int a(void)
- 
- static int hello_world(void)
- {
--	/* Classic. */
- 	printf("Hello world.\n");
- 
- 	/* Success! */
- 	return 0;
- }
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'diff -W' '
-	git diff -W >actual &&
-	compare_diff_patch actual expected
+	cat "$dir/includes.c" "$dir/dummy.c" "$dir/dummy.c" "$dir/hello.c" \
+		"$dir/dummy.c" "$dir/dummy.c" >file.c &&
+	commit_and_tag initial file.c &&
+
+	grep -v "delete me from hello" <file.c >file.c.new &&
+	mv file.c.new file.c &&
+	commit_and_tag changed_hello file.c &&
+
+	grep -v "delete me from includes" <file.c >file.c.new &&
+	mv file.c.new file.c &&
+	commit_and_tag changed_includes file.c &&
+
+	cat "$dir/appended1.c" >>file.c &&
+	commit_and_tag appended file.c &&
+
+	cat "$dir/appended2.c" >>file.c &&
+	commit_and_tag extended file.c &&
+
+	grep -v "Begin of second part" <file.c >file.c.new &&
+	mv file.c.new file.c &&
+	commit_and_tag long_common_tail file.c &&
+
+	git checkout initial &&
+	grep -v "delete me from hello" <file.c >file.c.new &&
+	mv file.c.new file.c &&
+	cat "$dir/appended1.c" >>file.c &&
+	commit_and_tag changed_hello_appended file.c
+'
+
+check_diff changed_hello 'changed function'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes begin' '
+	grep "^ .*Begin of hello" changed_hello.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes end' '
+	grep "^ .*End of hello" changed_hello.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include other functions' '
+	test $(grep -c "^[ +-].*Begin" changed_hello.diff) -le 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include preceding empty lines' '
+	test "$(first_context_line <changed_hello.diff)" != " "
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include trailing empty lines' '
+	test "$(last_context_line <changed_hello.diff)" != " "
+'
+
+check_diff changed_includes 'changed includes'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes begin' '
+	grep "^ .*Begin.h" changed_includes.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes end' '
+	grep "^ .*End.h" changed_includes.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include other functions' '
+	test $(grep -c "^[ +-].*Begin" changed_includes.diff) -le 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include trailing empty lines' '
+	test "$(last_context_line <changed_includes.diff)" != " "
+'
+
+check_diff appended 'appended function'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes begin' '
+	grep "^[+].*Begin of first part" appended.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes end' '
+	grep "^[+].*End of first part" appended.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include other functions' '
+	test $(grep -c "^[ +-].*Begin" appended.diff) -le 1
+'
+
+check_diff extended 'appended function part'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes begin' '
+	grep "^ .*Begin of first part" extended.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes end' '
+	grep "^[+].*End of second part" extended.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include other functions' '
+	test $(grep -c "^[ +-].*Begin" extended.diff) -le 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include preceding empty lines' '
+	test "$(first_context_line <extended.diff)" != " "
+'
+
+check_diff long_common_tail 'change with long common tail and no context' -U0
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes begin' '
+	grep "^ .*Begin of first part" long_common_tail.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes end' '
+	grep "^ .*End of second part" long_common_tail.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include other functions' '
+	test $(grep -c "^[ +-].*Begin" long_common_tail.diff) -le 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include preceding empty lines' '
+	test "$(first_context_line <long_common_tail.diff.diff)" != " "
+'
+
+check_diff changed_hello_appended 'changed function plus appended function'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes begin' '
+	grep "^ .*Begin of hello" changed_hello_appended.diff &&
+	grep "^[+].*Begin of first part" changed_hello_appended.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context includes end' '
+	grep "^ .*End of hello" changed_hello_appended.diff &&
+	grep "^[+].*End of first part" changed_hello_appended.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success ' context does not include other functions' '
+	test $(grep -c "^[ +-].*Begin" changed_hello_appended.diff) -le 2
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4051/appended1.c b/t/t4051/appended1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9f56f11db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4051/appended1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+int appended(void) // Begin of first part
+{
+	int i;
+	char *s = "a string";
+
+	printf("%s\n", s);
+
+	for (i = 99;
+	     i >= 0;
+	     i--) {
+		printf("%d bottles of beer on the wall\n", i);
+	}
+
+	printf("End of first part\n");
diff --git a/t/t4051/appended2.c b/t/t4051/appended2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e651f7147b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4051/appended2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+	printf("Begin of second part\n");
+
+	/*
+	 * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr,
+	 * sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore
+	 * magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et
+	 * accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd
+	 * gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor
+	 * sit amet.
+	 *
+	 * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr,
+	 * sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore
+	 * magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et
+	 * accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd
+	 * gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor
+	 * sit amet.
+	 *
+	 * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr,
+	 * sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore
+	 * magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et
+	 * accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd
+	 * gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor
+	 * sit amet.
+	 *
+	 * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr,
+	 * sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore
+	 * magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et
+	 * accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd
+	 * gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor
+	 * sit amet.
+	 *
+	 */
+
+	return 0;
+}	// End of second part
diff --git a/t/t4051/dummy.c b/t/t4051/dummy.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a43016e870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4051/dummy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+static int dummy(void)	// Begin of dummy
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	return rc;
+}	// End of dummy
diff --git a/t/t4051/hello.c b/t/t4051/hello.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63b1a1e4ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4051/hello.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+static void hello(void)	// Begin of hello
+{
+	/*
+	 * Classic.
+	 */
+	putchar('H');
+	putchar('e');
+	putchar('l');
+	putchar('l');
+	putchar('o');
+	putchar(' ');
+	/* delete me from hello */
+	putchar('w');
+	putchar('o');
+	putchar('r');
+	putchar('l');
+	putchar('d');
+	putchar('.');
+	putchar('\n');
+}	// End of hello
diff --git a/t/t4051/includes.c b/t/t4051/includes.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efc68f8bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4051/includes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <Begin.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+/* delete me from includes */
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <regex.h>
+#include <utime.h>
+#include <syslog.h>
+#include <End.h>
diff --git a/t/t4052-stat-output.sh b/t/t4052-stat-output.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9f563db20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4052-stat-output.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+#
+
+test_description='test --stat output of various commands'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
+
+# 120 character name
+name=aaaaaaaaaa
+name=$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name
+test_expect_success 'preparation' '
+	>"$name" &&
+	git add "$name" &&
+	git commit -m message &&
+	echo a >"$name" &&
+	git commit -m message "$name"
+'
+
+while read cmd args
+do
+	cat >expect <<-'EOF'
+	 ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1 +
+	EOF
+	test_expect_success "$cmd: small change with long name gives more space to the name" '
+		git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	cat >expect <<-'EOF'
+	 ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1 +
+	EOF
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=width: a long name is given more room when the bar is short" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat=40 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-width=width with long name" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=40 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	cat >expect <<-'EOF'
+	 ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1 +
+	EOF
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=...,name-width with long name" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat=60,30 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-name-width with long name" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-name-width=30 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+format-patch -1 --stdout
+diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+show --stat
+log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+
+test_expect_success 'preparation for big change tests' '
+	>abcd &&
+	git add abcd &&
+	git commit -m message &&
+	i=0 &&
+	while test $i -lt 1000
+	do
+		echo $i && i=$(($i + 1))
+	done >abcd &&
+	git commit -m message abcd
+'
+
+cat >expect80 <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect80-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect200 <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect200-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd $verb COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=200 git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --graph $verb COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=200 git $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect200 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect200 show --stat
+respects expect200 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect40 <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect40-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd $verb not enough COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=40 git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --graph $verb not enough COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=40 git $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect40 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect40 show --stat
+respects expect40 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect40 <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect40-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd $verb statGraphWidth config" '
+		git -c diff.statGraphWidth=26 $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --graph $verb statGraphWidth config" '
+		git -c diff.statGraphWidth=26 $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect40 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect40 show --stat
+respects expect40 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=width with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat=40 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-width=width with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=40 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-graph-width with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-graph-width=26 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-width=width --graph with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=40 --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect-graph actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-graph-width --graph with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-graph-width=26 --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect-graph actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+format-patch -1 --stdout
+diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+show --stat
+log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'preparation for long filename tests' '
+	cp abcd aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa &&
+	git add aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa &&
+	git commit -m message
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+ ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect-graph <<'EOF'
+|  ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=width with big change is more balanced" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=60 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=width --graph with big change is balanced" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=60 --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect-graph actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+format-patch -1 --stdout
+diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+show --stat
+log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect80 <<'EOF'
+ ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect80-graph <<'EOF'
+|  ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect200 <<'EOF'
+ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect200-graph <<'EOF'
+|  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd $verb COLUMNS (long filename)" '
+		COLUMNS=200 git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --graph $verb COLUMNS (long filename)" '
+		COLUMNS=200 git $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect200 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect200 show --stat
+respects expect200 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect1 <<'EOF'
+ ...aaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect1-graph <<'EOF'
+|  ...aaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success COLUMNS_CAN_BE_1 \
+		"$cmd $verb prefix greater than COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=1 git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success COLUMNS_CAN_BE_1 \
+		"$cmd --graph $verb prefix greater than COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=1 git $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect1 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect1 show --stat
+respects expect1 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'merge --stat respects COLUMNS (big change)' '
+	git checkout -b branch HEAD^^ &&
+	COLUMNS=100 git merge --stat --no-ff master^ >output &&
+	grep " | " output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'merge --stat respects COLUMNS (long filename)' '
+	COLUMNS=100 git merge --stat --no-ff master >output &&
+	grep " | " output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh b/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6eb83211b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff --no-index'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir a &&
+	mkdir b &&
+	echo 1 >a/1 &&
+	echo 2 >a/2 &&
+	git init repo &&
+	echo 1 >repo/a &&
+	mkdir -p non/git &&
+	echo 1 >non/git/a &&
+	echo 1 >non/git/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index directories' '
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index a b >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 14 cnt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index relative path outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --no-index a ../non/git/a &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --no-index ../non/git/a ../non/git/b
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index with broken index' '
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		echo broken >.git/index &&
+		git diff --no-index a ../non/git/a
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff outside repo with broken index' '
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		git diff ../non/git/a ../non/git/b
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index executed outside repo gives correct error message' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd non/git &&
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index a 2>actual.err &&
+		echo "usage: git diff --no-index <path> <path>" >expect.err &&
+		test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff D F and diff F D' '
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		echo in-repo >a &&
+		echo non-repo >../non/git/a &&
+		mkdir sub &&
+		echo sub-repo >sub/a &&
+
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index sub/a ../non/git/a >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index sub/a ../non/git/ >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index a ../non/git/a >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index a ../non/git/ >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index ../non/git/a a >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index ../non/git a >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turning a file into a directory' '
+	(
+		cd non/git &&
+		mkdir d e e/sub &&
+		echo 1 >d/sub &&
+		echo 2 >e/sub/file &&
+		printf "D\td/sub\nA\te/sub/file\n" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index --name-status d e >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh b/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1d6efab3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test diff with a bogus tree containing the null sha1'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+
+test_expect_success 'create bogus tree' '
+	bogus_tree=$(
+		printf "100644 fooQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ" |
+		q_to_nul |
+		git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create tree with matching file' '
+	echo bar >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	good_tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	blob=$(git rev-parse :foo)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (addition)' '
+	echo ":000000 100644 $_z40 $_z40 A	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $empty_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (removal)' '
+	echo ":100644 000000 $_z40 $_z40 D	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $bogus_tree $empty_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (modification)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $blob $_z40 M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $good_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (other direction)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $bogus_tree $good_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (reverse)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree -R $good_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (index)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-index $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (addition)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $empty_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (removal)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $bogus_tree $empty_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (modification)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $good_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (other direction)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $bogus_tree $good_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (reverse)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -R -p $good_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (index)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-index -p $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4055-diff-context.sh b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..741e0803c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Mozilla Foundation
+#
+
+test_description='diff.context configuration'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >template <<-\EOF &&
+	firstline
+	b
+	c
+	d
+	e
+	f
+	preline
+	TARGET
+	postline
+	i
+	j
+	k
+	l
+	m
+	n
+	EOF
+	sed "/TARGET/d" >x <template &&
+	git update-index --add x &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	sed "s/TARGET/ADDED/" >x <template &&
+	git update-index --add x &&
+	git commit -m next &&
+
+	sed "s/TARGET/MODIFIED/" >x <template
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default number of context lines is 3' '
+	git diff >output &&
+	! grep "^ d" output &&
+	grep "^ e" output &&
+	grep "^ j" output &&
+	! grep "^ k" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.context honored by "log"' '
+	git log -1 -p >output &&
+	! grep firstline output &&
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git log -1 -p >output &&
+	grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'The -U option overrides diff.context' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git log -U4 -1 >output &&
+	! grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.context honored by "diff"' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plumbing not affected' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git diff-files -p >output &&
+	! grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-integer config parsing' '
+	git config diff.context no &&
+	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad numeric config value" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negative integer config parsing' '
+	git config diff.context -1 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad config variable" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-U0 is valid, so is diff.context=0' '
+	git config diff.context 0 &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	grep "^-ADDED" output &&
+	grep "^+MODIFIED" output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4056-diff-order.sh b/t/t4056-diff-order.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..43dd474a12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4056-diff-order.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff order'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+create_files () {
+	echo "$1" >a.h &&
+	echo "$1" >b.c &&
+	echo "$1" >c/Makefile &&
+	echo "$1" >d.txt &&
+	git add a.h b.c c/Makefile d.txt &&
+	git commit -m"$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir c &&
+	create_files 1 &&
+	create_files 2 &&
+
+	cat >order_file_1 <<-\EOF &&
+	*Makefile
+	*.txt
+	*.h
+	EOF
+
+	cat >order_file_2 <<-\EOF &&
+	*Makefile
+	*.h
+	*.c
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect_none <<-\EOF &&
+	a.h
+	b.c
+	c/Makefile
+	d.txt
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect_1 <<-\EOF &&
+	c/Makefile
+	d.txt
+	a.h
+	b.c
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect_2 <<-\EOF
+	c/Makefile
+	a.h
+	b.c
+	d.txt
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success "no order (=tree object order)" '
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_none actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'missing orderfile' '
+	rm -f bogus_file &&
+	test_must_fail git diff -Obogus_file --name-only HEAD^..HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'unreadable orderfile' '
+	>unreadable_file &&
+	chmod -r unreadable_file &&
+	test_must_fail git diff -Ounreadable_file --name-only HEAD^..HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success "orderfile using option from subdir with --output" '
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	git -C subdir diff -O../order_file_1 --output ../actual --name-only HEAD^..HEAD &&
+	test_cmp expect_1 actual
+'
+
+for i in 1 2
+do
+	test_expect_success "orderfile using option ($i)" '
+		git diff -Oorder_file_$i --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_$i actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success PIPE "orderfile is fifo ($i)" '
+		rm -f order_fifo &&
+		mkfifo order_fifo &&
+		{
+			cat order_file_$i >order_fifo &
+		} &&
+		git diff -O order_fifo --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+		wait &&
+		test_cmp expect_$i actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "orderfile using config ($i)" '
+		git -c diff.orderfile=order_file_$i diff --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_$i actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "cancelling configured orderfile ($i)" '
+		git -c diff.orderfile=order_file_$i diff -O/dev/null --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_none actual
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for testing combine-diff order' '
+	git checkout -b tmp HEAD~ &&
+	create_files 3 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge --no-commit -s ours tmp &&
+	create_files 5
+'
+
+test_expect_success "combine-diff: no order (=tree object order)" '
+	git diff --name-only HEAD HEAD^ HEAD^2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_none actual
+'
+
+for i in 1 2
+do
+	test_expect_success "combine-diff: orderfile using option ($i)" '
+		git diff -Oorder_file_$i --name-only HEAD HEAD^ HEAD^2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_$i actual
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4057-diff-combined-paths.sh b/t/t4057-diff-combined-paths.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..dff36b77ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4057-diff-combined-paths.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='combined diff show only paths that are different to all parents'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# verify that diffc.expect matches output of
+# $(git diff -c --name-only HEAD HEAD^ HEAD^2)
+diffc_verify () {
+	git diff -c --name-only HEAD HEAD^ HEAD^2 >diffc.actual &&
+	test_cmp diffc.expect diffc.actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'trivial merge - combine-diff empty' '
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 9)
+	do
+		echo $i >$i.txt	&&
+		git add $i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -m "init" &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 2 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/2 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "side 2-9" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo 1/2 >1.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m "master 1" &&
+	git merge side &&
+	>diffc.expect &&
+	diffc_verify
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'only one trully conflicting path' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 2 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/3 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	echo "4side" >>4.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m "side 2-9 +4" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/3 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	echo "4master" >>4.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m "master 1-9 +4" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >4.txt &&
+	4
+	4/2
+	4/3
+	4master
+	4side
+	EOF
+	git add 4.txt &&
+	git commit -m "merge side (2)" &&
+	echo 4.txt >diffc.expect &&
+	diffc_verify
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge introduces new file' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 5 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/4 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "side 5-9" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 3)
+	do
+		echo $i/4 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "master 1-3 +4hello" &&
+	git merge side &&
+	echo "Hello World" >4hello.txt &&
+	git add 4hello.txt &&
+	git commit --amend &&
+	echo 4hello.txt >diffc.expect &&
+	diffc_verify
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge removed a file' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 5 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/5 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "side 5-9" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 3)
+	do
+		echo $i/4 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "master 1-3" &&
+	git merge side &&
+	git rm 4.txt &&
+	git commit --amend &&
+	echo 4.txt >diffc.expect &&
+	diffc_verify
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4058-diff-duplicates.sh b/t/t4058-diff-duplicates.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0a23242cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4058-diff-duplicates.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test tree diff when trees have duplicate entries'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# make_tree_entry <mode> <mode> <sha1>
+#
+# We have to rely on perl here because not all printfs understand
+# hex escapes (only octal), and xxd is not portable.
+make_tree_entry () {
+	printf '%s %s\0' "$1" "$2" &&
+	perl -e 'print chr(hex($_)) for ($ARGV[0] =~ /../g)' "$3"
+}
+
+# Like git-mktree, but without all of the pesky sanity checking.
+# Arguments come in groups of three, each group specifying a single
+# tree entry (see make_tree_entry above).
+make_tree () {
+	while test $# -gt 2; do
+		make_tree_entry "$1" "$2" "$3"
+		shift; shift; shift
+	done |
+	git hash-object -w -t tree --stdin
+}
+
+# this is kind of a convoluted setup, but matches
+# a real-world case. Each tree contains four entries
+# for the given path, one with one sha1, and three with
+# the other. The first tree has them split across
+# two subtrees (which are themselves duplicate entries in
+# the root tree), and the second has them all in a single subtree.
+test_expect_success 'create trees with duplicate entries' '
+	blob_one=$(echo one | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	blob_two=$(echo two | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	inner_one_a=$(make_tree \
+		100644 inner $blob_one
+	) &&
+	inner_one_b=$(make_tree \
+		100644 inner $blob_two \
+		100644 inner $blob_two \
+		100644 inner $blob_two
+	) &&
+	outer_one=$(make_tree \
+		040000 outer $inner_one_a \
+		040000 outer $inner_one_b
+	) &&
+	inner_two=$(make_tree \
+		100644 inner $blob_one \
+		100644 inner $blob_two \
+		100644 inner $blob_two \
+		100644 inner $blob_two
+	) &&
+	outer_two=$(make_tree \
+		040000 outer $inner_two
+	) &&
+	git tag one $outer_one &&
+	git tag two $outer_two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree between trees' '
+	{
+		printf ":000000 100644 $_z40 $blob_two A\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":000000 100644 $_z40 $blob_two A\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":000000 100644 $_z40 $blob_two A\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":100644 000000 $blob_two $_z40 D\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":100644 000000 $blob_two $_z40 D\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":100644 000000 $blob_two $_z40 D\touter/inner\n"
+	} >expect &&
+	git diff-tree -r --no-abbrev one two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree with renames' '
+	# same expectation as above, since we disable rename detection
+	git diff-tree -M -r --no-abbrev one two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
index 9b433de836..744b8e51be 100755
--- a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
+++ b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ do
 	test_expect_success "$title" '
 		git apply --stat --summary \
 			<"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4100/t-apply-$num.patch" >current &&
-		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
+		test_i18ncmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success "$title with recount" '
 		sed -e "$UNC" <"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4100/t-apply-$num.patch" |
 		git apply --recount --stat --summary >current &&
-		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
+		test_i18ncmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
 	'
 done <<\EOF
 rename
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-8.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-8.expect
index eef7f2e65c..55a55c3cc7 100644
--- a/t/t4100/t-apply-8.expect
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-8.expect
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
  t/t4100-apply-stat.sh |    2 +-
- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+ 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-9.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-9.expect
index eef7f2e65c..55a55c3cc7 100644
--- a/t/t4100/t-apply-9.expect
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-9.expect
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
  t/t4100-apply-stat.sh |    2 +-
- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+ 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh b/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
index e3ea3d5114..fae305979a 100755
--- a/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ test_description='git apply handling copy/rename patch.
 
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 # setup
 
@@ -53,6 +52,6 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'apply copy' \
     'git apply --index --stat --summary --apply test-patch &&
-     test "$(cat bar)" = "This is bar" -a "$(cat foo)" = "This is foo"'
+     test "$(cat bar)" = "This is bar" && test "$(cat foo)" = "This is foo"'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
index dbbf56cba9..1b420e3b5f 100755
--- a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
@@ -8,30 +8,28 @@ test_description='git apply handling binary patches
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-# setup
-
-cat >file1 <<EOF
-A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
-A tiny little penguin runs around in circles.
-There is a flag with Linux written on it.
-A slow black-and-white panda just sits there,
-munching on his bamboo.
-EOF
-cat file1 >file2
-cat file1 >file4
-
-test_expect_success 'setup' "
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >file1 <<-\EOF &&
+	A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
+	A tiny little penguin runs around in circles.
+	There is a flag with Linux written on it.
+	A slow black-and-white panda just sits there,
+	munching on his bamboo.
+	EOF
+	cat file1 >file2 &&
+	cat file1 >file4 &&
+
 	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file4 &&
-	git commit -m 'Initial Version' 2>/dev/null &&
+	git commit -m "Initial Version" 2>/dev/null &&
 
 	git checkout -b binary &&
-	perl -pe 'y/x/\000/' <file1 >file3 &&
+	perl -pe "y/x/\000/" <file1 >file3 &&
 	cat file3 >file4 &&
 	git add file2 &&
-	perl -pe 'y/\000/v/' <file3 >file1 &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/v/" <file3 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file2 &&
 	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file3 file4 &&
-	git commit -m 'Second Version' &&
+	git commit -m "Second Version" &&
 
 	git diff-tree -p master binary >B.diff &&
 	git diff-tree -p -C master binary >C.diff &&
@@ -42,17 +40,25 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' "
 	git diff-tree -p --full-index master binary >B-index.diff &&
 	git diff-tree -p -C --full-index master binary >C-index.diff &&
 
+	git diff-tree -p --binary --no-prefix master binary -- file3 >B0.diff &&
+
 	git init other-repo &&
-	(cd other-repo &&
-	 git fetch .. master &&
-	 git reset --hard FETCH_HEAD
+	(
+		cd other-repo &&
+		git fetch .. master &&
+		git reset --hard FETCH_HEAD
 	)
-"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff -- should not fail.' \
 	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --stat --summary B.diff'
 
+test_expect_success 'stat binary -p0 diff -- should not fail.' '
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git apply --stat -p0 B0.diff
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff (copy) -- should not fail.' \
 	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --stat --summary C.diff'
@@ -143,4 +149,10 @@ test_expect_success 'apply binary diff (copy).' \
 	 git apply --allow-binary-replacement --index CF.diff &&
 	 test -z "$(git diff --name-status binary)"'
 
+test_expect_success 'apply binary -p0 diff' '
+	do_reset &&
+	git apply -p0 --index B0.diff &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --name-status binary -- file3)"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh b/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
index c617c2a33d..32e3b0ee0b 100755
--- a/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
+++ b/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	cat victim >original &&
 	git update-index --add victim &&
 
-	: add to the head
+	# add to the head
 	for i in a b '"$L"' y
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >add-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >add-a-patch.without &&
 
-	: insert at line two
+	# insert at line two
 	for i in b a '"$L"' y
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >insert-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >insert-a-patch.without &&
 
-	: modify at the head
+	# modify at the head
 	for i in a '"$L"' y
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -45,16 +45,16 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >mod-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >mod-a-patch.without &&
 
-	: remove from the head
+	# remove from the head
 	for i in '"$L"' y
 	do
 		echo $i
 	done >victim &&
 	cat victim >del-a-expect &&
-	git diff victim >del-a-patch.with
+	git diff victim >del-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >del-a-patch.without &&
 
-	: add to the tail
+	# add to the tail
 	for i in b '"$L"' y z
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >add-z-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >add-z-patch.without &&
 
-	: modify at the tail
+	# modify at the tail
 	for i in b '"$L"' z
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -72,16 +72,16 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >mod-z-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >mod-z-patch.without &&
 
-	: remove from the tail
+	# remove from the tail
 	for i in b '"$L"'
 	do
 		echo $i
 	done >victim &&
 	cat victim >del-z-expect &&
-	git diff victim >del-z-patch.with
-	git diff --unified=0 >del-z-patch.without &&
+	git diff victim >del-z-patch.with &&
+	git diff --unified=0 >del-z-patch.without
 
-	: done
+	# done
 '
 
 for with in with without
@@ -95,10 +95,7 @@ do
 		test_expect_success "apply $kind-patch $with context" '
 			cat original >victim &&
 			git update-index victim &&
-			git apply --index '"$u$kind-patch.$with"' || {
-				cat '"$kind-patch.$with"'
-				(exit 1)
-			} &&
+			git apply --index '"$u$kind-patch.$with"' &&
 			test_cmp '"$kind"'-expect victim
 		'
 	done
@@ -113,10 +110,7 @@ do
 	test_expect_success "apply non-git $kind-patch without context" '
 		cat original >victim &&
 		git update-index victim &&
-		git apply --unidiff-zero --index '"$kind-ng.without"' || {
-			cat '"$kind-ng.without"'
-			(exit 1)
-		} &&
+		git apply --unidiff-zero --index '"$kind-ng.without"' &&
 		test_cmp '"$kind"'-expect victim
 	'
 done
diff --git a/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh b/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh
index b04fc8fc12..9e29b5262d 100755
--- a/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@ sed -e 's/T/	/g' > main.c.final <<\EOF
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 void print_int(int num);
-T/* a comment */
 int func(int num);
 
 int main() {
@@ -154,7 +153,8 @@ test_expect_success 'patch2 reverse applies with --ignore-space-change' '
 git config apply.ignorewhitespace change
 
 test_expect_success 'patch2 applies (apply.ignorewhitespace = change)' '
-	git apply patch2.patch
+	git apply patch2.patch &&
+	test_cmp main.c.final main.c
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'patch3 fails (missing string at EOL)' '
@@ -165,12 +165,8 @@ test_expect_success 'patch4 fails (missing EOL at EOF)' '
 	test_must_fail git apply patch4.patch
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'patch5 applies (leading whitespace)' '
-	git apply patch5.patch
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'patches do not mangle whitespace' '
-	test_cmp main.c main.c.final
+test_expect_success 'patch5 fails (leading whitespace differences matter)' '
+	test_must_fail git apply patch5.patch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 're-create file (with --ignore-whitespace)' '
diff --git a/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh b/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fa5d4efb89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply --3way'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+create_file () {
+	for i
+	do
+		echo "$i"
+	done
+}
+
+sanitize_conflicted_diff () {
+	sed -e '
+		/^index /d
+		s/^\(+[<>][<>][<>][<>]*\) .*/\1/
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	create_file >one 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 &&
+	cat one >two &&
+	git add one two &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git branch side &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	create_file >one 1 two 3 4 5 six 7 &&
+	create_file >two 1 two 3 4 5 6 7 &&
+	git commit -a -m master &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	create_file >one 1 2 3 4 five 6 7 &&
+	create_file >two 1 2 3 4 five 6 7 &&
+	git commit -a -m side &&
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply without --3way' '
+	git diff side^ side >P.diff &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index P.diff &&
+	# should leave things intact
+	git diff-files --exit-code &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with --3way' '
+	# Merging side should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff ...side >P.diff &&
+
+	# The corresponding conflicted merge
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >expect.diff &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >actual.diff &&
+
+	# The result should resemble the corresponding merge
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.diff actual.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with --3way with rerere enabled' '
+	git config rerere.enabled true &&
+
+	# Merging side should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff ...side >P.diff &&
+
+	# The corresponding conflicted merge
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side &&
+
+	# Manually resolve and record the resolution
+	create_file 1 two 3 4 five six 7 >one &&
+	git rerere &&
+	cat one >expect &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+
+	# but rerere should have replayed the recorded resolution
+	test_cmp expect one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict setup' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	git checkout -b adder &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >three &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >four &&
+	git add three four &&
+	git commit -m "add three and four" &&
+
+	git checkout -b another adder^ &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >three &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 four 5 6 7 >four &&
+	git add three four &&
+	git commit -m "add three and four" &&
+
+	# Merging another should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff adder...another >P.diff &&
+
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit another &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >expect.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict' '
+	# should fail to apply ...
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	# ... and leave conflicts in the index and in the working tree
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >actual.diff &&
+
+	# The result should resemble the corresponding merge
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.diff actual.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict (dirty working tree)' '
+	# should fail to apply ...
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	echo >>four &&
+	cat four >four.save &&
+	cat three >three.save &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	# ... and should not touch anything
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp four.save four &&
+	test_cmp three.save three
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
index 7c398432ba..1618a6dbc7 100755
--- a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
@@ -86,6 +86,20 @@ test_expect_success 'apply --index from subdir of toplevel' '
 	test_cmp expected sub/dir/file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'apply half-broken patch from subdir of toplevel' '
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		test_must_fail git apply <<-EOF
+		--- sub/dir/file
+		+++ sub/dir/file
+		@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+		--- file_in_root
+		+++ file_in_root
+		@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'apply from .git dir' '
 	cp postimage expected &&
 	cp preimage .git/file &&
diff --git a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
index f12826fb09..ebadbc347f 100755
--- a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
@@ -9,20 +9,19 @@ test_description='git apply should not get confused with type changes.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup repository and commits' '
+test_expect_success 'setup repository and commits' '
 	echo "hello world" > foo &&
 	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
 	git update-index --add foo bar &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git branch initial &&
 	rm -f foo &&
-	ln -s bar foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
 	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
-	rm -f foo &&
+	git rm -f foo &&
 	echo "how far is the sun?" > foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	git update-index --add foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo back to file" &&
 	git branch foo-back-to-file &&
 	printf "\0" > foo &&
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup repository and commits' '
 	git branch foo-baz-renamed-from-foo
 	'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD foo-baz-renamed-from-foo > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
 	git checkout -f foo-baz-renamed-from-foo &&
 	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD initial > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes file' '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD initial > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes file' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes directory' '
+test_expect_success 'file becomes directory' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes directory' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'file becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -82,21 +81,21 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes symlink' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes file' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-back-to-file > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
 	'
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'binary file becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'binary file becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-binary &&
 	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
 	'
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes binary file' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes binary file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-becomes-binary > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes binary file' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes directory' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes directory' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes directory' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
diff --git a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
index 7674dd2ec9..872fcda6cb 100755
--- a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
@@ -9,18 +9,16 @@ test_description='git apply symlinks and partial files
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
-	ln -s path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
-	git add link? &&
+	test_ln_s_add path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
 	git branch side &&
 
 	rm -f link? &&
 
-	ln -s htap6 link1 &&
-	git update-index link? &&
+	test_ln_s_add htap6 link1 &&
 	git commit -m second &&
 
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >patch  &&
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'apply symlink patch' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'apply --index symlink patch' '
+test_expect_success 'apply --index symlink patch' '
 
 	git checkout -f side &&
 	git apply --index patch &&
diff --git a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
index 2298ece801..ce8567f496 100755
--- a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
+++ b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply in forward' '
 
-	T0=`git rev-parse "second^{tree}"` &&
+	T0=$(git rev-parse "second^{tree}") &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	git apply --index --binary patch &&
-	T1=`git write-tree` &&
+	T1=$(git write-tree) &&
 	test "$T0" = "$T1"
 '
 
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ test_expect_success 'apply in reverse' '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup separate repository lacking postimage' '
 
-	git tar-tree initial initial | $TAR xf - &&
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=initial/ initial | $TAR xf - &&
 	(
 		cd initial && git init && git add .
 	) &&
 
-	git tar-tree second second | $TAR xf - &&
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=second/ second | $TAR xf - &&
 	(
 		cd second && git init && git add .
 	)
@@ -62,22 +62,22 @@ test_expect_success 'setup separate repository lacking postimage' '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply in forward without postimage' '
 
-	T0=`git rev-parse "second^{tree}"` &&
+	T0=$(git rev-parse "second^{tree}") &&
 	(
 		cd initial &&
 		git apply --index --binary ../patch &&
-		T1=`git write-tree` &&
+		T1=$(git write-tree) &&
 		test "$T0" = "$T1"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply in reverse without postimage' '
 
-	T0=`git rev-parse "initial^{tree}"` &&
+	T0=$(git rev-parse "initial^{tree}") &&
 	(
 		cd second &&
 		git apply --index --binary --reverse ../patch &&
-		T1=`git write-tree` &&
+		T1=$(git write-tree) &&
 		test "$T0" = "$T1"
 	)
 '
diff --git a/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh b/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
index e9ccd161ee..d80187de94 100755
--- a/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
+++ b/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
@@ -46,25 +46,23 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	cat file1 >saved.file1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
+test_expect_success 'apply --reject is incompatible with --3way' '
+	test_when_finished "cat saved.file1 >file1" &&
+	git diff >patch.0 &&
+	git checkout file1 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject --3way patch.0 &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
 
-	if git apply patch.1
-	then
-		echo "Eh? Why?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
+test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
 
+	test_must_fail git apply patch.1 &&
 	test_cmp file1 saved.file1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
 
-	if git apply --verbose patch.1
-	then
-		echo "Eh? Why?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
+	test_must_fail git apply --verbose patch.1 &&
 	test_cmp file1 saved.file1
 '
 
@@ -73,21 +71,11 @@ test_expect_success 'apply with --reject should fail but update the file' '
 	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej &&
 
-	if git apply --reject patch.1
-	then
-		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject patch.1 &&
 	test_cmp file1 expected &&
 
 	cat file1.rej &&
-
-	if test -f file2.rej
-	then
-		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
-		exit 1
-	fi
+	test_path_is_missing file2.rej
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply with --reject should fail but update the file' '
@@ -95,25 +83,12 @@ test_expect_success 'apply with --reject should fail but update the file' '
 	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej file2 &&
 
-	if git apply --reject patch.2 >rejects
-	then
-		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	test -f file1 && {
-		echo "file1 still exists?"
-		exit 1
-	}
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject patch.2 >rejects &&
+	test_path_is_missing file1 &&
 	test_cmp file2 expected &&
 
 	cat file2.rej &&
-
-	if test -f file1.rej
-	then
-		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
-		exit 1
-	fi
+	test_path_is_missing file1.rej
 
 '
 
@@ -122,25 +97,12 @@ test_expect_success 'the same test with --verbose' '
 	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej file2 &&
 
-	if git apply --reject --verbose patch.2 >rejects
-	then
-		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	test -f file1 && {
-		echo "file1 still exists?"
-		exit 1
-	}
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject --verbose patch.2 >rejects &&
+	test_path_is_missing file1 &&
 	test_cmp file2 expected &&
 
 	cat file2.rej &&
-
-	if test -f file1.rej
-	then
-		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
-		exit 1
-	fi
+	test_path_is_missing file1.rej
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4119-apply-config.sh b/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
index 3d0384daa8..a9a0583811 100755
--- a/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
+++ b/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip from config' '
 	check_result sub/file1
 '
 
-D=`pwd`
+D=$(pwd)
 
 test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip in subdir' '
 
@@ -159,4 +159,21 @@ test_expect_success 'same but with traditional patch input of depth 2' '
 	check_result sub/file1
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'in subdir with traditional patch input' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	cat >.gitattributes <<-EOF &&
+	/* whitespace=blank-at-eol
+	sub/* whitespace=-blank-at-eol
+	EOF
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	cd sub &&
+	git apply ../gpatch.file &&
+	echo "B " >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh b/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
index a33d510bf6..497b62868d 100755
--- a/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
+++ b/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 test_description='git apply -p handling.'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir sub &&
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply git diff with -p2' '
 test_expect_success 'apply with too large -p' '
 	cp file1.saved file1 &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --stat -p3 patch.file 2>err &&
-	grep "removing 3 leading" err
+	test_i18ngrep "removing 3 leading" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply (-p2) traditional diff with funny filenames' '
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply (-p2) traditional diff with funny filenames' '
 test_expect_success 'apply with too large -p and fancy filename' '
 	cp file1.saved file1 &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --stat -p3 patch.escaped 2>err &&
-	grep "removing 3 leading" err
+	test_i18ngrep "removing 3 leading" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply (-p2) diff, mode change only' '
diff --git a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
index 39407376ba..4acb3f336e 100755
--- a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
+++ b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
@@ -3,18 +3,11 @@
 test_description='apply to deeper directory without getting fooled with symlink'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-lecho () {
-	for l_
-	do
-		echo "$l_"
-	done
-}
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	mkdir -p arch/i386/boot arch/x86_64 &&
-	lecho 1 2 3 4 5 >arch/i386/boot/Makefile &&
-	ln -s ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 >arch/i386/boot/Makefile &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
@@ -22,7 +15,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 	rm arch/x86_64/boot &&
 	mkdir arch/x86_64/boot &&
-	lecho 2 3 4 5 6 >arch/x86_64/boot/Makefile &&
+	test_write_lines 2 3 4 5 6 >arch/x86_64/boot/Makefile &&
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -a -m second &&
@@ -31,7 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS apply '
+test_expect_success apply '
 
 	git checkout test &&
 	git diff --exit-code test &&
@@ -40,7 +33,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS apply '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check result' '
+test_expect_success 'check result' '
 
 	git diff --exit-code master &&
 	git diff --exit-code --cached master &&
@@ -52,4 +45,110 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check result' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not read from beyond symbolic link' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir -p arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	>arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	git add arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	echo line >arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	git diff >patch &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	mkdir arch/i386/dir &&
+	>arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	ln -s ../i386/dir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --cached patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not follow symbolic link (setup)' '
+
+	rm -rf arch/i386/dir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	ln -s ../i386/dir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git add arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git diff HEAD >add_symlink.patch &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	mkdir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	>arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	git add arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	git diff HEAD >add_file.patch &&
+	git diff -R HEAD >del_file.patch &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -fr arch/x86_64/dir &&
+
+	cat add_symlink.patch add_file.patch >patch &&
+	cat add_symlink.patch del_file.patch >tricky_del &&
+
+	mkdir arch/i386/dir
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not follow symbolic link (same input)' '
+
+	# same input creates a confusing symbolic link
+	test_must_fail git apply patch 2>error-wt &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-wt &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch 2>error-ix &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-ix &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --cached patch 2>error-ct &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-ct &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir &&
+
+	>arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	git add arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply tricky_del &&
+	test_path_is_file arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --index tricky_del &&
+	test_path_is_file arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --cached tricky_del &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not follow symbolic link (existing)' '
+
+	# existing symbolic link
+	git reset --hard &&
+	ln -s ../i386/dir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git add arch/x86_64/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply add_file.patch 2>error-wt-add &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-wt-add &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	mkdir arch/i386/dir &&
+	>arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git apply del_file.patch 2>error-wt-del &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-wt-del &&
+	test_path_is_file arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	rm arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --index add_file.patch 2>error-ix-add &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-ix-add &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --cached add_file.patch 2>error-ct-file &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-ct-file &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
index 6f6ee88b28..d350065f25 100755
--- a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
+++ b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ test_fix () {
 	# find touched lines
 	$DIFF file target | sed -n -e "s/^> //p" >fixed
 
-	# the changed lines are all expeced to change
+	# the changed lines are all expected to change
 	fixed_cnt=$(wc -l <fixed)
 	case "$1" in
 	'') expect_cnt=$fixed_cnt ;;
@@ -99,9 +99,8 @@ test_expect_success 'whitespace=warn, default rule' '
 
 test_expect_success 'whitespace=error-all, default rule' '
 
-	apply_patch --whitespace=error-all && return 1
-	test -s target && return 1
-	: happy
+	test_must_fail apply_patch --whitespace=error-all &&
+	! test -s target
 
 '
 
@@ -486,4 +485,41 @@ test_expect_success 'same, but with CR-LF line endings && cr-at-eol unset' '
 	test_cmp one expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=fix to expand' '
+	qz_to_tab_space >preimage <<-\EOF &&
+	QQa
+	QQb
+	QQc
+	ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZd
+	QQe
+	QQf
+	QQg
+	EOF
+	qz_to_tab_space >patch <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/preimage b/preimage
+	--- a/preimage
+	+++ b/preimage
+	@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
+	 QQa
+	 QQb
+	 QQc
+	-QQd
+	 QQe
+	 QQf
+	 QQg
+	EOF
+	git -c core.whitespace=tab-in-indent apply --whitespace=fix patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'whitespace check skipped for excluded paths' '
+	git config core.whitespace blank-at-eol &&
+	>used &&
+	>unused &&
+	git add used unused &&
+	echo "used" >used &&
+	echo "unused " >unused &&
+	git diff-files -p used unused >patch &&
+	git apply --include=used --stat --whitespace=error <patch
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh b/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh
index 0d36ebdc86..c268298eaf 100755
--- a/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh
+++ b/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 test_description='applying patch with mode bits'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo original >file &&
diff --git a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
index 94da99075c..2ecb4216b7 100755
--- a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
+++ b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'apply diff with inconsistent filenames in headers' '
 	test_must_fail git apply bad1.patch 2>err &&
-	grep "inconsistent new filename" err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "inconsistent new filename" err &&
 	test_must_fail git apply bad2.patch 2>err &&
-	grep "inconsistent old filename" err
+	test_i18ngrep "inconsistent old filename" err
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4135-apply-weird-filenames.sh b/t/t4135-apply-weird-filenames.sh
index bf5dc57286..27cb0009fb 100755
--- a/t/t4135-apply-weird-filenames.sh
+++ b/t/t4135-apply-weird-filenames.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 	test_when_finished "rm -f \"tab	embedded.txt\"" &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -f '\''\"quoteembedded\".txt'\''" &&
-	if touch -- "tab	embedded.txt" '\''"quoteembedded".txt'\''
+	if test_have_prereq !MINGW &&
+		touch -- "tab	embedded.txt" '\''"quoteembedded".txt'\''
 	then
 		test_set_prereq FUNNYNAMES
 	fi
diff --git a/t/t4136-apply-check.sh b/t/t4136-apply-check.sh
index a321f7c245..4b0a374b63 100755
--- a/t/t4136-apply-check.sh
+++ b/t/t4136-apply-check.sh
@@ -16,4 +16,17 @@ test_expect_success 'apply --check exits non-zero with unrecognized input' '
 	EOF
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'apply exits non-zero with no-op patch' '
+	cat >input <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --get a/1 b/1
+	index 6696ea4..606eddd 100644
+	--- a/1
+	+++ b/1
+	@@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
+	 1
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git apply --stat input &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --check input
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4137-apply-submodule.sh b/t/t4137-apply-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a9bd40a6d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4137-apply-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply handling submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+apply_index () {
+	git diff --ignore-submodules=dirty "..$1" | git apply --index -
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "apply_index"
+
+apply_3way () {
+	git diff --ignore-submodules=dirty "..$1" | git apply --3way -
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "apply_3way"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4138-apply-ws-expansion.sh b/t/t4138-apply-ws-expansion.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0ffe33fbef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4138-apply-ws-expansion.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2015 Kyle J. McKay
+#
+
+test_description='git apply test patches with whitespace expansion.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	#
+	## create test-N, patchN.patch, expect-N files
+	#
+
+	# test 1
+	printf "\t%s\n" 1 2 3 4 5 6 >before &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" 1 2 3 >after &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >>after &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" 4 5 6 >>after &&
+	git diff --no-index before after |
+		sed -e "s/before/test-1/" -e "s/after/test-1/" >patch1.patch &&
+	printf "%64s\n" 1 2 3 4 5 6 >test-1 &&
+	printf "%64s\n" 1 2 3 a b c 4 5 6 >expect-1 &&
+
+	# test 2
+	printf "\t%s\n" a b c d e f >before &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" a b c >after &&
+	n=10 &&
+	x=1 &&
+	while test $x -lt $n
+	do
+		printf "%63s%d\n" "" $x >>after
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" d e f >>after &&
+	git diff --no-index before after |
+		sed -e "s/before/test-2/" -e "s/after/test-2/" >patch2.patch &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c d e f >test-2 &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >expect-2 &&
+	x=1 &&
+	while test $x -lt $n
+	do
+		printf "%63s%d\n" "" $x >>expect-2
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	printf "%64s\n" d e f >>expect-2 &&
+
+	# test 3
+	printf "\t%s\n" a b c d e f >before &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" a b c >after &&
+	n=100 &&
+	x=0 &&
+	while test $x -lt $n
+	do
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>after
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" d e f >>after &&
+	git diff --no-index before after |
+	sed -e "s/before/test-3/" -e "s/after/test-3/" >patch3.patch &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c d e f >test-3 &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >expect-3 &&
+	x=0 &&
+	while test $x -lt $n
+	do
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>expect-3
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	printf "%64s\n" d e f >>expect-3 &&
+
+	# test 4
+	>before &&
+	x=0 &&
+	while test $x -lt 50
+	do
+		printf "\t%02d\n" $x >>before
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	cat before >after &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >>after &&
+	while test $x -lt 100
+	do
+		printf "\t%02d\n" $x >>before
+		printf "\t%02d\n" $x >>after
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	git diff --no-index before after |
+	sed -e "s/before/test-4/" -e "s/after/test-4/" >patch4.patch &&
+	>test-4 &&
+	x=0 &&
+	while test $x -lt 50
+	do
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>test-4
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	cat test-4 >expect-4 &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >>expect-4 &&
+	while test $x -lt 100
+	do
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>test-4
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>expect-4
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+
+	git config core.whitespace tab-in-indent,tabwidth=63 &&
+	git config apply.whitespace fix
+
+'
+
+# Note that `patch` can successfully apply all patches when run
+# with the --ignore-whitespace option.
+
+for t in 1 2 3 4
+do
+	test_expect_success 'apply with ws expansion (t=$t)' '
+		git apply patch$t.patch &&
+		test_cmp test-$t expect-$t
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4139-apply-escape.sh b/t/t4139-apply-escape.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..45b5660a47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4139-apply-escape.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='paths written by git-apply cannot escape the working tree'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# tests will try to write to ../foo, and we do not
+# want them to escape the trash directory when they
+# fail
+test_expect_success 'bump git repo one level down' '
+	mkdir inside &&
+	mv .git inside/ &&
+	cd inside
+'
+
+# $1 = name of file
+# $2 = current path to file (if different)
+mkpatch_add () {
+	rm -f "${2:-$1}" &&
+	cat <<-EOF
+	diff --git a/$1 b/$1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..53c74cd
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/$1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+evil
+	EOF
+}
+
+mkpatch_del () {
+	echo evil >"${2:-$1}" &&
+	cat <<-EOF
+	diff --git a/$1 b/$1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index 53c74cd..0000000
+	--- a/$1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-evil
+	EOF
+}
+
+# $1 = name of file
+# $2 = content of symlink
+mkpatch_symlink () {
+	rm -f "$1" &&
+	cat <<-EOF
+	diff --git a/$1 b/$1
+	new file mode 120000
+	index 0000000..$(printf "%s" "$2" | git hash-object --stdin)
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/$1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+$2
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot create file containing ..' '
+	mkpatch_add ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can create file containing .. with --unsafe-paths' '
+	mkpatch_add ../foo >patch &&
+	git apply --unsafe-paths patch &&
+	test_path_is_file ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success  'cannot create file containing .. (index)' '
+	mkpatch_add ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success  'cannot create file containing .. with --unsafe-paths (index)' '
+	mkpatch_add ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --unsafe-paths patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot delete file containing ..' '
+	mkpatch_del ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_path_is_file ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can delete file containing .. with --unsafe-paths' '
+	mkpatch_del ../foo >patch &&
+	git apply --unsafe-paths patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot delete file containing .. (index)' '
+	mkpatch_del ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch &&
+	test_path_is_file ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink escape via ..' '
+	{
+		mkpatch_symlink tmp .. &&
+		mkpatch_add tmp/foo ../foo
+	} >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmp &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink escape via .. (index)' '
+	{
+		mkpatch_symlink tmp .. &&
+		mkpatch_add tmp/foo ../foo
+	} >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmp &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink escape via absolute path' '
+	{
+		mkpatch_symlink tmp "$(pwd)" &&
+		mkpatch_add tmp/foo ../foo
+	} >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmp &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink escape via absolute path (index)' '
+	{
+		mkpatch_symlink tmp "$(pwd)" &&
+		mkpatch_add tmp/foo ../foo
+	} >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmp &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
index d7d9ccc1c8..9ce9424d15 100755
--- a/t/t4150-am.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: messages' '
 	vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 
 	EOF
-	q_to_tab <<-\EOF >>msg &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<-\EOF >>msg &&
 	QDuis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
 	Qesse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis
 	Qat vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit
@@ -67,6 +67,19 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: messages' '
 
 	EOF
 
+	cat >scissors-msg <<-\EOF &&
+	Test git-am with scissors line
+
+	This line should be included in the commit message.
+	EOF
+
+	cat - scissors-msg >no-scissors-msg <<-\EOF &&
+	This line should not be included in the commit message with --scissors enabled.
+
+	 - - >8 - - remove everything above this line - - >8 - -
+
+	EOF
+
 	signoff="Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
 '
 
@@ -85,6 +98,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git format-patch --stdout first >patch1 &&
 	{
+		echo "Message-Id: <1226501681-24923-1-git-send-email-bda@mnsspb.ru>" &&
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line One" &&
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Two" &&
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Three" &&
@@ -103,6 +117,52 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Three" &&
 		git format-patch --stdout first | sed -e "1d"
 	} > patch1-ws.eml &&
+	{
+		sed -ne "1p" msg &&
+		echo &&
+		echo "From: $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>" &&
+		echo "Date: $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" &&
+		echo &&
+		sed -e "1,2d" msg &&
+		echo &&
+		echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" &&
+		echo "---" &&
+		git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat -p second
+	} >patch1-stgit.eml &&
+	mkdir stgit-series &&
+	cp patch1-stgit.eml stgit-series/patch &&
+	{
+		echo "# This series applies on GIT commit $(git rev-parse first)" &&
+		echo "patch"
+	} >stgit-series/series &&
+	{
+		echo "# HG changeset patch" &&
+		echo "# User $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>" &&
+		echo "# Date $test_tick 25200" &&
+		echo "#      $(git show --pretty="%aD" -s second)" &&
+		echo "# Node ID $_z40" &&
+		echo "# Parent  $_z40" &&
+		cat msg &&
+		echo &&
+		echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" &&
+		echo &&
+		git diff-tree --no-commit-id -p second
+	} >patch1-hg.eml &&
+
+
+	echo scissors-file >scissors-file &&
+	git add scissors-file &&
+	git commit -F scissors-msg &&
+	git tag scissors &&
+	git format-patch --stdout scissors^ >scissors-patch.eml &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+
+	echo no-scissors-file >no-scissors-file &&
+	git add no-scissors-file &&
+	git commit -F no-scissors-msg &&
+	git tag no-scissors &&
+	git format-patch --stdout no-scissors^ >no-scissors-patch.eml &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 
 	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -123,6 +183,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git commit -m "added another file" &&
 
 	git format-patch --stdout master >lorem-move.patch &&
+	git format-patch --no-prefix --stdout master >lorem-zero.patch &&
 
 	git checkout -b rename &&
 	git mv file renamed &&
@@ -136,7 +197,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git format-patch -M --stdout lorem^ >rename-add.patch &&
 
 	# reset time
-	unset test_tick &&
+	sane_unset test_tick &&
 	test_tick
 '
 
@@ -146,18 +207,30 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch correctly' '
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git am <patch1 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am fails if index is dirty' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f dirtyfile" &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	echo dirtyfile >dirtyfile &&
+	git add dirtyfile &&
+	test_must_fail git am patch1 &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev first HEAD
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox' '
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -168,7 +241,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox with CRLF' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-crlf.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -179,12 +252,189 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail with preceding whitespace' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-ws.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am applies stgit patch' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	git am patch1-stgit.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	test_cmp_rev second^ HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --patch-format=stgit applies stgit patch' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	git am --patch-format=stgit <patch1-stgit.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	test_cmp_rev second^ HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am applies stgit series' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	git am stgit-series/series &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	test_cmp_rev second^ HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am applies hg patch' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	git am patch1-hg.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	test_cmp_rev second^ HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --patch-format=hg applies hg patch' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	git am --patch-format=hg <patch1-hg.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	test_cmp_rev second^ HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am with applypatch-msg hook' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/hooks/applypatch-msg" &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	write_script .git/hooks/applypatch-msg <<-\EOF &&
+	cat "$1" >actual-msg &&
+	echo hook-message >"$1"
+	EOF
+	git am patch1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	echo hook-message >expected &&
+	git log -1 --format=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git log -1 --format=format:%B second >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual-msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am with failing applypatch-msg hook' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/hooks/applypatch-msg" &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	write_script .git/hooks/applypatch-msg <<-\EOF &&
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git am patch1 &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code first &&
+	test_cmp_rev first HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am with pre-applypatch hook' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/hooks/pre-applypatch" &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	write_script .git/hooks/pre-applypatch <<-\EOF &&
+	git diff first >diff.actual
+	exit 0
+	EOF
+	git am patch1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	git diff first..second >diff.expected &&
+	test_cmp diff.expected diff.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am with failing pre-applypatch hook' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/hooks/pre-applypatch" &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	write_script .git/hooks/pre-applypatch <<-\EOF &&
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git am patch1 &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	test_cmp_rev first HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am with post-applypatch hook' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/hooks/post-applypatch" &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	write_script .git/hooks/post-applypatch <<-\EOF &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >head.actual
+	git diff second >diff.actual
+	exit 0
+	EOF
+	git am patch1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	git rev-parse second >head.expected &&
+	test_cmp head.expected head.actual &&
+	git diff second >diff.expected &&
+	test_cmp diff.expected diff.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am with failing post-applypatch hook' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/hooks/post-applypatch" &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	write_script .git/hooks/post-applypatch <<-\EOF &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >head.actual
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	git am patch1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	git rev-parse second >head.expected &&
+	test_cmp head.expected head.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --scissors cuts the message at the scissors line' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout second &&
+	git am --scissors scissors-patch.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code scissors &&
+	test_cmp_rev scissors HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --no-scissors overrides mailinfo.scissors' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout second &&
+	test_config mailinfo.scissors true &&
+	git am --no-scissors no-scissors-patch.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code no-scissors &&
+	test_cmp_rev no-scissors HEAD
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup: new author and committer' '
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Thor" &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="a.thor@example.com" &&
@@ -205,7 +455,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am changes committer and keeps author' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch2 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse master^^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" &&
 	git diff --exit-code master..HEAD &&
 	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD^ &&
@@ -237,7 +487,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am stays in branch' '
 
 test_expect_success 'am --signoff does not add Signed-off-by: line if already there' '
 	git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ >patch3 &&
-	sed -e "/^Subject/ s,\[PATCH,Re: Re: Re: & 1/5 v2," patch3 >patch4 &&
+	sed -e "/^Subject/ s,\[PATCH,Re: Re: Re: & 1/5 v2] [foo," patch3 >patch4 &&
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
@@ -257,32 +507,76 @@ test_expect_success 'am --keep really keeps the subject' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --keep patch4 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
-	grep "Re: Re: Re: \[PATCH 1/5 v2\] third" actual
+	grep "Re: Re: Re: \[PATCH 1/5 v2\] \[foo\] third" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'am -3 falls back to 3-way merge' '
+test_expect_success 'am --keep-non-patch really keeps the non-patch part' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git am --keep-non-patch patch4 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "^\[foo\] third" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup am -3' '
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	git checkout -b lorem2 master2 &&
+	git checkout -b base3way master2 &&
 	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
 	head -n 9 msg >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
+	git commit -m "copied stuff"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 falls back to 3-way merge' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b lorem2 base3way &&
 	git am -3 lorem-move.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code lorem
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 -p0 can read --no-prefix patch' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b lorem3 base3way &&
+	git am -3 -p0 lorem-zero.patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git diff --exit-code lorem
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am with config am.threeWay falls back to 3-way merge' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b lorem4 base3way &&
+	test_config am.threeWay 1 &&
+	git am lorem-move.patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am with config am.threeWay overridden by --no-3way' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b lorem5 base3way &&
+	test_config am.threeWay 1 &&
+	test_must_fail git am --no-3way lorem-move.patch &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'am can rename a file' '
 	grep "^rename from" rename.patch &&
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am rename.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -293,7 +587,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am -3 rename.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -304,7 +598,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file after falling back to 3-way merge'
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am -3 rename-add.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -312,12 +606,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file after falling back to 3-way merge'
 test_expect_success 'am -3 -q is quiet' '
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git checkout -f lorem2 &&
-	git reset master2 --hard &&
-	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
-	head -n 9 msg >>file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
+	git reset base3way --hard &&
 	git am -3 -q lorem-move.patch >output.out 2>&1 &&
 	! test -s output.out
 '
@@ -333,11 +622,31 @@ test_expect_success 'am pauses on conflict' '
 test_expect_success 'am --skip works' '
 	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	git am --skip &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem2^^ -- file &&
 	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am --abort removes a stray directory' '
+	mkdir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am refuses patches when paused' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout lorem2^^ &&
+
+	test_must_fail git am lorem-move.patch &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev lorem2^^ HEAD &&
+
+	test_must_fail git am <lorem-move.patch &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev lorem2^^ HEAD
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
 	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
@@ -348,16 +657,41 @@ test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
 	echo resolved >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git am --resolved &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am --resolved fails if index has no changes' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout lorem2^^ &&
+	test_must_fail git am lorem-move.patch &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev lorem2^^ HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git am --resolved &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev lorem2^^ HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --resolved fails if index has unmerged entries' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout second &&
+	test_must_fail git am -3 lorem-move.patch &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git am --resolved >err &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev second HEAD &&
+	test_i18ngrep "still have unmerged paths" err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'am takes patches from a Pine mailbox' '
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	cat pine patch1 | git am &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD
 '
 
@@ -366,7 +700,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am fails on mail without patch' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --abort &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
@@ -375,7 +709,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
 	echo "---" >>failmail &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --skip &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am works from stdin in subdirectory' '
@@ -495,4 +829,152 @@ test_expect_success 'am -q is quiet' '
 	! test -s output.out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am empty-file does not infloop' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	touch empty-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git am empty-file 2>actual &&
+	echo Patch format detection failed. >expected &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --message-id really adds the message id' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git am --message-id patch1.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | tail -n1 >actual &&
+	grep Message-Id patch1.eml >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am.messageid really adds the message id' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_config am.messageid true &&
+	git am patch1.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | tail -n1 >actual &&
+	grep Message-Id patch1.eml >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --message-id -s signs off after the message id' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git am -s --message-id patch1.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | tail -n2 | head -n1 >actual &&
+	grep Message-Id patch1.eml >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 works with rerere' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	# make patches one->two and two->three...
+	test_commit one file &&
+	test_commit two file &&
+	test_commit three file &&
+	git format-patch -2 --stdout >seq.patch &&
+
+	# and create a situation that conflicts...
+	git reset --hard one &&
+	test_commit other file &&
+
+	# enable rerere...
+	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf .git/rr-cache" &&
+
+	# ...and apply. Our resolution is to skip the first
+	# patch, and the rerere the second one.
+	test_must_fail git am -3 seq.patch &&
+	test_must_fail git am --skip &&
+	echo resolved >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git am --resolved &&
+
+	# now apply again, and confirm that rerere engaged (we still
+	# expect failure from am because rerere does not auto-commit
+	# for us).
+	git reset --hard other &&
+	test_must_fail git am -3 seq.patch &&
+	test_must_fail git am --skip &&
+	echo resolved >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -s unexpected trailer block' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo signed >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	subject here
+
+	Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	[jc: tweaked log message]
+	Signed-off-by: J C H <j@c.h>
+	EOF
+	git commit -F msg &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >original &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git am -s patch &&
+	(
+		cat original &&
+		echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+	) >expect &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	cat >msg <<-\EOF &&
+	subject here
+
+	We make sure that there is a blank line between the log
+	message proper and Signed-off-by: line added.
+	EOF
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git commit -F msg file &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >original &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git am -s patch &&
+
+	(
+		cat original &&
+		echo &&
+		echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+	) >expect &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --patch-format=mboxrd handles mboxrd' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	echo mboxrd >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	cat >msg <<-\INPUT_END &&
+	mboxrd should escape the body
+
+	From could trip up a loose mbox parser
+	>From extra escape for reversibility
+	INPUT_END
+	git commit -F msg &&
+	git format-patch --pretty=mboxrd --stdout -1 >mboxrd1 &&
+	grep "^>From could trip up a loose mbox parser" mboxrd1 &&
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	git am --patch-format=mboxrd mboxrd1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | tail -n4 >out &&
+	test_cmp msg out
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4151-am-abort.sh b/t/t4151-am-abort.sh
index 1176bcccf3..9473c2779e 100755
--- a/t/t4151-am-abort.sh
+++ b/t/t4151-am-abort.sh
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git add file-1 file-2 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git tag initial &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --root initial >initial.patch &&
 	for i in 2 3 4 5 6
 	do
 		echo $i >>file-1 &&
 		echo $i >otherfile-$i &&
 		git add otherfile-$i &&
 		test_tick &&
-		git commit -a -m $i || break
+		git commit -a -m $i || return 1
 	done &&
 	git format-patch --no-numbered initial &&
 	git checkout -b side initial &&
@@ -63,6 +64,28 @@ do
 
 done
 
+test_expect_success 'am -3 --skip removes otherfile-4' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_must_fail git am -3 0003-*.patch &&
+	test 3 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 4 = "$(cat otherfile-4)" &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	test_cmp_rev initial HEAD &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test_path_is_missing otherfile-4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 --abort removes otherfile-4' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_must_fail git am -3 0003-*.patch &&
+	test 3 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 4 = "$(cat otherfile-4)" &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	test_cmp_rev initial HEAD &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test_path_is_missing otherfile-4
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'am --abort will keep the local commits intact' '
 	test_must_fail git am 0004-*.patch &&
 	test_commit unrelated &&
@@ -72,4 +95,101 @@ test_expect_success 'am --abort will keep the local commits intact' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am --abort will keep dirty index intact' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	echo dirtyfile >dirtyfile &&
+	cp dirtyfile dirtyfile.expected &&
+	git add dirtyfile &&
+	test_must_fail git am 0001-*.patch &&
+	test_cmp_rev initial HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_file dirtyfile &&
+	test_cmp dirtyfile.expected dirtyfile &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	test_cmp_rev initial HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_file dirtyfile &&
+	test_cmp dirtyfile.expected dirtyfile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 stops on conflict on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout -f --orphan orphan &&
+	git reset &&
+	rm -f otherfile-4 &&
+	test_must_fail git am -3 0003-*.patch &&
+	test 2 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 4 = "$(cat otherfile-4)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 --skip clears index on unborn branch' '
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	echo tmpfile >tmpfile &&
+	git add tmpfile &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files)" &&
+	test_path_is_missing otherfile-4 &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmpfile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 --abort removes otherfile-4 on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout -f --orphan orphan &&
+	git reset &&
+	rm -f otherfile-4 file-1 &&
+	test_must_fail git am -3 0003-*.patch &&
+	test 2 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 4 = "$(cat otherfile-4)" &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test_path_is_missing otherfile-4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 --abort on unborn branch removes applied commits' '
+	git checkout -f --orphan orphan &&
+	git reset &&
+	rm -f otherfile-4 otherfile-2 file-1 file-2 &&
+	test_must_fail git am -3 initial.patch 0003-*.patch &&
+	test 3 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
+	test 4 = "$(cat otherfile-4)" &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test_path_is_missing otherfile-4 &&
+	test_path_is_missing file-1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing file-2 &&
+	test 0 -eq $(git log --oneline 2>/dev/null | wc -l) &&
+	test refs/heads/orphan = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --abort on unborn branch will keep local commits intact' '
+	git checkout -f --orphan orphan &&
+	git reset &&
+	test_must_fail git am 0004-*.patch &&
+	test_commit unrelated2 &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --skip leaves index stat info alone' '
+	git checkout -f --orphan skip-stat-info &&
+	git reset &&
+	test_commit skip-should-be-untouched &&
+	test-chmtime =0 skip-should-be-untouched.t &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --exit-code --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git am 0001-*.patch &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	git diff-files --exit-code --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --abort leaves index stat info alone' '
+	git checkout -f --orphan abort-stat-info &&
+	git reset &&
+	test_commit abort-should-be-untouched &&
+	test-chmtime =0 abort-should-be-untouched.t &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --exit-code --quiet &&
+	test_must_fail git am 0001-*.patch &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	git diff-files --exit-code --quiet
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4153-am-resume-override-opts.sh b/t/t4153-am-resume-override-opts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7c013d84d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4153-am-resume-override-opts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-am command-line options override saved options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
+
+format_patch () {
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 "$1" >"$1".eml
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit initial file &&
+	test_commit first file &&
+
+	git checkout initial &&
+	git mv file file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m renamed-file &&
+	git tag renamed-file &&
+
+	git checkout -b side initial &&
+	test_commit side1 file &&
+	test_commit side2 file &&
+
+	format_patch side1 &&
+	format_patch side2
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY '--3way overrides --no-3way' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout renamed-file &&
+
+	# Applying side1 will fail as the file has been renamed.
+	test_must_fail git am --no-3way side[12].eml &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_cmp_rev renamed-file HEAD &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+
+	# Applying side1 with am --3way will succeed due to the threeway-merge.
+	# Applying side2 will fail as --3way does not apply to it.
+	test_must_fail test_terminal git am --3way </dev/zero &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test side1 = "$(cat file2)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-quiet overrides --quiet' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+
+	# Applying side1 will be quiet.
+	test_must_fail git am --quiet side[123].eml >out &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	! test_i18ngrep "^Applying: " out &&
+	echo side1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+
+	# Applying side1 will not be quiet.
+	# Applying side2 will be quiet.
+	git am --no-quiet --continue >out &&
+	echo "Applying: side1" >expected &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected out
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--signoff overrides --no-signoff' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+
+	test_must_fail git am --no-signoff side[12].eml &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	echo side1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git am --signoff --continue &&
+
+	# Applied side1 will be signed off
+	echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" >expected &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep "Signed-off-by:" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	# Applied side2 will not be signed off
+	test $(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -c "Signed-off-by:") -eq 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY '--reject overrides --no-reject' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	rm -f file.rej &&
+
+	test_must_fail git am --no-reject side1.eml &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing file.rej &&
+
+	test_must_fail test_terminal git am --reject </dev/zero &&
+	test_path_is_dir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_file file.rej
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4200-rerere.sh b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
index 36255d608a..1a080e7823 100755
--- a/t/t4200-rerere.sh
+++ b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ test_expect_success 'first postimage wins' '
 	git show second^:a1 | sed "s/To die: t/To die! T/" >a1 &&
 	git commit -q -a -m third &&
 
-	test_must_fail git pull . first &&
+	test_must_fail git merge first &&
 	# rerere kicked in
 	! grep "^=======\$" a1 &&
 	test_cmp expect a1
@@ -184,12 +184,27 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere updates postimage timestamp' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere clear' '
-	rm $rr/postimage &&
+	mv $rr/postimage .git/post-saved &&
 	echo "$sha1	a1" | perl -pe "y/\012/\000/" >.git/MERGE_RR &&
 	git rerere clear &&
 	! test -d $rr
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'leftover directory' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir -p $rr &&
+	test_must_fail git merge first &&
+	test -f $rr/preimage
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'missing preimage' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir -p $rr &&
+	cp .git/post-saved $rr/postimage &&
+	test_must_fail git merge first &&
+	test -f $rr/preimage
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'set up for garbage collection tests' '
 	mkdir -p $rr &&
 	echo Hello >$rr/preimage &&
@@ -382,13 +397,166 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere --no-no-rerere-autoupdate' '
 	git update-index --index-info <failedmerge &&
 	cp file3.conflict file3 &&
 	test_must_fail git rerere --no-no-rerere-autoupdate 2>err &&
-	grep [Uu]sage err &&
+	test_i18ngrep [Uu]sage err &&
 	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere -h' '
 	test_must_fail git rerere -h >help &&
-	grep [Uu]sage help
+	test_i18ngrep [Uu]sage help
+'
+
+concat_insert () {
+	last=$1
+	shift
+	cat early && printf "%s\n" "$@" && cat late "$last"
+}
+
+count_pre_post () {
+	find .git/rr-cache/ -type f -name "preimage*" >actual &&
+	test_line_count = "$1" actual &&
+	find .git/rr-cache/ -type f -name "postimage*" >actual &&
+	test_line_count = "$2" actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere gc' '
+	find .git/rr-cache -type f >original &&
+	xargs test-chmtime -172800 <original &&
+
+	git -c gc.rerereresolved=5 -c gc.rerereunresolved=5 rerere gc &&
+	find .git/rr-cache -type f >actual &&
+	test_cmp original actual &&
+
+	git -c gc.rerereresolved=5 -c gc.rerereunresolved=0 rerere gc &&
+	find .git/rr-cache -type f >actual &&
+	test_cmp original actual &&
+
+	git -c gc.rerereresolved=0 -c gc.rerereunresolved=0 rerere gc &&
+	find .git/rr-cache -type f >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+merge_conflict_resolve () {
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge six.1 &&
+	# Resolution is to replace 7 with 6.1 and 6.2 (i.e. take both)
+	concat_insert short 6.1 6.2 >file1 &&
+	concat_insert long 6.1 6.2 >file2
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple identical conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	test_seq 1 6 >early &&
+	>late &&
+	test_seq 11 15 >short &&
+	test_seq 111 120 >long &&
+	concat_insert short >file1 &&
+	concat_insert long >file2 &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	git tag base &&
+	git checkout -b six.1 &&
+	concat_insert short 6.1 >file1 &&
+	concat_insert long 6.1 >file2 &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	git commit -m 6.1 &&
+	git checkout -b six.2 HEAD^ &&
+	concat_insert short 6.2 >file1 &&
+	concat_insert long 6.2 >file2 &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	git commit -m 6.2 &&
+
+	# At this point, six.1 and six.2
+	# - derive from common ancestor that has two files
+	#   1...6 7 11..15 (file1) and 1...6 7 111..120 (file2)
+	# - six.1 replaces these 7s with 6.1
+	# - six.2 replaces these 7s with 6.2
+
+	merge_conflict_resolve &&
+
+	# Check that rerere knows that file1 and file2 have conflicts
+
+	printf "%s\n" file1 file2 >expect &&
+	git ls-files -u | sed -e "s/^.*	//" | sort -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git rerere status | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git rerere remaining >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	count_pre_post 2 0 &&
+
+	# Pretend that the conflicts were made quite some time ago
+	find .git/rr-cache/ -type f | xargs test-chmtime -172800 &&
+
+	# Unresolved entries have not expired yet
+	git -c gc.rerereresolved=5 -c gc.rerereunresolved=5 rerere gc &&
+	count_pre_post 2 0 &&
+
+	# Unresolved entries have expired
+	git -c gc.rerereresolved=5 -c gc.rerereunresolved=1 rerere gc &&
+	count_pre_post 0 0 &&
+
+	# Recreate the conflicted state
+	merge_conflict_resolve &&
+	count_pre_post 2 0 &&
+
+	# Clear it
+	git rerere clear &&
+	count_pre_post 0 0 &&
+
+	# Recreate the conflicted state
+	merge_conflict_resolve &&
+	count_pre_post 2 0 &&
+
+	# We resolved file1 and file2
+	git rerere &&
+	>expect &&
+	git rerere remaining >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	# We must have recorded both of them
+	count_pre_post 2 2 &&
+
+	# Now we should be able to resolve them both
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge six.1 &&
+	git rerere &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git rerere remaining >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	concat_insert short 6.1 6.2 >file1.expect &&
+	concat_insert long 6.1 6.2 >file2.expect &&
+	test_cmp file1.expect file1 &&
+	test_cmp file2.expect file2 &&
+
+	# Forget resolution for file2
+	git rerere forget file2 &&
+	echo file2 >expect &&
+	git rerere status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	count_pre_post 2 1 &&
+
+	# file2 already has correct resolution, so record it again
+	git rerere &&
+
+	# Pretend that the resolutions are old again
+	find .git/rr-cache/ -type f | xargs test-chmtime -172800 &&
+
+	# Resolved entries have not expired yet
+	git -c gc.rerereresolved=5 -c gc.rerereunresolved=5 rerere gc &&
+
+	count_pre_post 2 2 &&
+
+	# Resolved entries have expired
+	git -c gc.rerereresolved=1 -c gc.rerereunresolved=5 rerere gc &&
+	count_pre_post 0 0
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
index 6872ba1a42..a9773658f0 100755
--- a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
+++ b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ test_expect_success 'output from user-defined format is re-wrapped' '
 	test_cmp expect log.predictable
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'shortlog wrapping' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'shortlog wrapping' '
 	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
 A U Thor (5):
       Test
@@ -114,12 +114,42 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expect out
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'shortlog from non-git directory' '
-	git log HEAD >log &&
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'shortlog from non-git directory' '
+	git log --no-expand-tabs HEAD >log &&
 	GIT_DIR=non-existing git shortlog -w <log >out &&
 	test_cmp expect out
 '
 
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'shortlog can read --format=raw output' '
+	git log --format=raw HEAD >log &&
+	GIT_DIR=non-existing git shortlog -w <log >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shortlog should add newline when input line matches wraplen' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+A U Thor (2):
+      bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+      aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+EOF
+	git shortlog -w >out <<\EOF &&
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000002
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
 iconvfromutf8toiso88591() {
 	printf "%s" "$*" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO8859-1
 }
@@ -135,7 +165,7 @@ $DSCHO (2):
 
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'shortlog encoding' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'shortlog encoding' '
 	git reset --hard "$commit" &&
 	git config --unset i18n.commitencoding &&
 	echo 2 > a1 &&
@@ -148,4 +178,10 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog encoding' '
 	git shortlog HEAD~2.. > out &&
 test_cmp expect out'
 
+test_expect_success 'shortlog with revision pseudo options' '
+	git shortlog --all &&
+	git shortlog --branches &&
+	git shortlog --exclude=refs/heads/m* --all
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index 222f7559e9..128ba93537 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='git log'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
@@ -72,9 +73,9 @@ cat > expect << EOF
   commit.
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'format %w(12,1,2)' '
+test_expect_success 'format %w(11,1,2)' '
 
-	git log -2 --format="%w(12,1,2)This is the %s commit." > actual &&
+	git log -2 --format="%w(11,1,2)This is the %s commit." > actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -100,8 +101,8 @@ test_expect_success 'oneline' '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff-filter=A' '
 
-	git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=A HEAD > actual &&
-	git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter A HEAD > actual-separate &&
+	git log --no-renames --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=A HEAD > actual &&
+	git log --no-renames --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter A HEAD > actual-separate &&
 	printf "fifth\nfourth\nthird\ninitial" > expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual-separate
@@ -112,23 +113,15 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-filter=M' '
 
 	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=M HEAD) &&
 	expect=$(echo second) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff-filter=D' '
 
-	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=D HEAD) &&
+	actual=$(git log --no-renames --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=D HEAD) &&
 	expect=$(echo sixth ; echo third) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
@@ -136,11 +129,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-filter=R' '
 
 	actual=$(git log -M --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=R HEAD) &&
 	expect=$(echo third) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
@@ -148,11 +137,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-filter=C' '
 
 	actual=$(git log -C -C --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=C HEAD) &&
 	expect=$(echo fourth) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
@@ -160,12 +145,31 @@ test_expect_success 'git log --follow' '
 
 	actual=$(git log --follow --pretty="format:%s" ichi) &&
 	expect=$(echo third ; echo second ; echo initial) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git config log.follow works like --follow' '
+	test_config log.follow true &&
+	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" ichi) &&
+	expect=$(echo third ; echo second ; echo initial) &&
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git config log.follow does not die with multiple paths' '
+	test_config log.follow true &&
+	git log --pretty="format:%s" ichi ein
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'git config log.follow does not die with no paths' '
+	test_config log.follow true &&
+	git log --
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git config log.follow is overridden by --no-follow' '
+	test_config log.follow true &&
+	actual=$(git log --no-follow --pretty="format:%s" ichi) &&
+	expect="third" &&
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -178,11 +182,21 @@ test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk <commits> sorts by commit time' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk=sorted <commits> sorts by commit time' '
+	git log --no-walk=sorted --oneline 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 5d31159 fourth
 804a787 sixth
 394ef78 fifth
 EOF
+test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk=unsorted <commits> leaves list of commits as given' '
+	git log --no-walk=unsorted --oneline 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git show <commits> leaves list of commits as given' '
 	git show --oneline -s 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -201,6 +215,21 @@ test_expect_success 'log --grep' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat > expect << EOF
+second
+initial
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log --invert-grep --grep' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%s" --invert-grep --grep=th --grep=Sec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --invert-grep --grep -i' '
+	echo initial >expect &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%s" --invert-grep -i --grep=th --grep=Sec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'log --grep option parsing' '
 	echo second >expect &&
 	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" --grep sec >actual &&
@@ -220,6 +249,12 @@ test_expect_success 'log --grep -i' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -F -E --grep=<ere> uses ere' '
+	echo second >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" -F -E --grep=s.c.nd >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat > expect <<EOF
 * Second
 * sixth
@@ -264,6 +299,16 @@ test_expect_success 'log --graph with merge' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log --raw --graph -m with merge' '
+	git log --raw --graph --oneline -m master | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "initial" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --graph' '
+	git diff-tree --graph master^ | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "one" actual
+'
+
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 *   commit master
 |\  Merge: A B
@@ -393,8 +438,6 @@ test_expect_success 'log --graph with merge' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-
 	git log --oneline >expect.none &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >expect.short &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >expect.full &&
@@ -403,8 +446,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate true &&
+	test_config log.decorate true &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -412,8 +454,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate no &&
+	test_config log.decorate no &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
@@ -421,8 +462,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate 1 &&
+	test_config log.decorate 1 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -430,8 +470,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate short &&
+	test_config log.decorate short &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
@@ -439,25 +478,23 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect.short actual
+	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
+	test_unconfig log.decorate &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.raw &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw actual
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reflog is expected format' '
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section log &&
 	git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline >expect &&
 	git reflog >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -470,10 +507,6 @@ test_expect_success 'whatchanged is expected format' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.abbrevCommit configuration' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset log.abbrevCommit" &&
-
-	test_might_fail git config --unset log.abbrevCommit &&
-
 	git log --abbrev-commit >expect.log.abbrev &&
 	git log --no-abbrev-commit >expect.log.full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.log.raw &&
@@ -482,7 +515,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.abbrevCommit configuration' '
 	git whatchanged --abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.abbrev &&
 	git whatchanged --no-abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.full &&
 
-	git config log.abbrevCommit true &&
+	test_config log.abbrevCommit true &&
 
 	git log >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.log.abbrev actual &&
@@ -516,4 +549,392 @@ test_expect_success 'show added path under "--follow -M"' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log -c --follow' '
+	test_create_repo follow-c &&
+	(
+		cd follow-c &&
+		test_commit initial file original &&
+		git rm file &&
+		test_commit rename file2 original &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		test_commit modify file foo &&
+		git merge -m merge rename &&
+		git log -c --follow file2
+	)
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+*   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     Merge HEADS DESCRIPTION
+| |
+| * commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     reach
+| | ---
+| |  reach.t | 1 +
+| |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| |
+| | diff --git a/reach.t b/reach.t
+| | new file mode 100644
+| | index 0000000..10c9591
+| | --- /dev/null
+| | +++ b/reach.t
+| | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | +reach
+| |
+|  \
+*-. \   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|\ \ \  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     Merge HEADS DESCRIPTION
+| | | |
+| | * | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | |/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | |
+| | |       octopus-b
+| | |   ---
+| | |    octopus-b.t | 1 +
+| | |    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | |
+| | |   diff --git a/octopus-b.t b/octopus-b.t
+| | |   new file mode 100644
+| | |   index 0000000..d5fcad0
+| | |   --- /dev/null
+| | |   +++ b/octopus-b.t
+| | |   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | |   +octopus-b
+| | |
+| * | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| |/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |       octopus-a
+| |   ---
+| |    octopus-a.t | 1 +
+| |    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| |
+| |   diff --git a/octopus-a.t b/octopus-a.t
+| |   new file mode 100644
+| |   index 0000000..11ee015
+| |   --- /dev/null
+| |   +++ b/octopus-a.t
+| |   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| |   +octopus-a
+| |
+* | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|       seventh
+|   ---
+|    seventh.t | 1 +
+|    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+|
+|   diff --git a/seventh.t b/seventh.t
+|   new file mode 100644
+|   index 0000000..9744ffc
+|   --- /dev/null
+|   +++ b/seventh.t
+|   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+|   +seventh
+|
+*   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     Merge branch 'tangle'
+| |
+| *   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | |
+| | |     Merge branch 'side' (early part) into tangle
+| | |
+| * |   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| |\ \  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     Merge branch 'master' (early part) into tangle
+| | | |
+| * | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     tangle-a
+| | | | ---
+| | | |  tangle-a | 1 +
+| | | |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | | |
+| | | | diff --git a/tangle-a b/tangle-a
+| | | | new file mode 100644
+| | | | index 0000000..7898192
+| | | | --- /dev/null
+| | | | +++ b/tangle-a
+| | | | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | | +a
+| | | |
+* | | |   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|\ \ \ \  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | | |
+| | | | |     Merge branch 'side'
+| | | | |
+| * | | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | |_|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |/| |
+| | | |       side-2
+| | | |   ---
+| | | |    2 | 1 +
+| | | |    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | | |
+| | | |   diff --git a/2 b/2
+| | | |   new file mode 100644
+| | | |   index 0000000..0cfbf08
+| | | |   --- /dev/null
+| | | |   +++ b/2
+| | | |   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | |   +2
+| | | |
+| * | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     side-1
+| | | | ---
+| | | |  1 | 1 +
+| | | |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | | |
+| | | | diff --git a/1 b/1
+| | | | new file mode 100644
+| | | | index 0000000..d00491f
+| | | | --- /dev/null
+| | | | +++ b/1
+| | | | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | | +1
+| | | |
+* | | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     Second
+| | | | ---
+| | | |  one | 1 +
+| | | |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | | |
+| | | | diff --git a/one b/one
+| | | | new file mode 100644
+| | | | index 0000000..9a33383
+| | | | --- /dev/null
+| | | | +++ b/one
+| | | | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | | +case
+| | | |
+* | | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| |_|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|/| |
+| | |       sixth
+| | |   ---
+| | |    a/two | 1 -
+| | |    1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)
+| | |
+| | |   diff --git a/a/two b/a/two
+| | |   deleted file mode 100644
+| | |   index 9245af5..0000000
+| | |   --- a/a/two
+| | |   +++ /dev/null
+| | |   @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+| | |   -ni
+| | |
+* | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | |
+| | |     fifth
+| | | ---
+| | |  a/two | 1 +
+| | |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | |
+| | | diff --git a/a/two b/a/two
+| | | new file mode 100644
+| | | index 0000000..9245af5
+| | | --- /dev/null
+| | | +++ b/a/two
+| | | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | +ni
+| | |
+* | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|/ /  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |       fourth
+| |   ---
+| |    ein | 1 +
+| |    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| |
+| |   diff --git a/ein b/ein
+| |   new file mode 100644
+| |   index 0000000..9d7e69f
+| |   --- /dev/null
+| |   +++ b/ein
+| |   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| |   +ichi
+| |
+* | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|       third
+|   ---
+|    ichi | 1 +
+|    one  | 1 -
+|    2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
+|
+|   diff --git a/ichi b/ichi
+|   new file mode 100644
+|   index 0000000..9d7e69f
+|   --- /dev/null
+|   +++ b/ichi
+|   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+|   +ichi
+|   diff --git a/one b/one
+|   deleted file mode 100644
+|   index 9d7e69f..0000000
+|   --- a/one
+|   +++ /dev/null
+|   @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+|   -ichi
+|
+* commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|     second
+| ---
+|  one | 2 +-
+|  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
+|
+| diff --git a/one b/one
+| index 5626abf..9d7e69f 100644
+| --- a/one
+| +++ b/one
+| @@ -1 +1 @@
+| -one
+| +ichi
+|
+* commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+      initial
+  ---
+   one | 1 +
+   1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+
+  diff --git a/one b/one
+  new file mode 100644
+  index 0000000..5626abf
+  --- /dev/null
+  +++ b/one
+  @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+  +one
+EOF
+
+sanitize_output () {
+	sed -e 's/ *$//' \
+	    -e 's/commit [0-9a-f]*$/commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME/' \
+	    -e 's/Merge: [ 0-9a-f]*$/Merge: MERGE_PARENTS/' \
+	    -e 's/Merge tag.*/Merge HEADS DESCRIPTION/' \
+	    -e 's/Merge commit.*/Merge HEADS DESCRIPTION/' \
+	    -e 's/, 0 deletions(-)//' \
+	    -e 's/, 0 insertions(+)//' \
+	    -e 's/ 1 files changed, / 1 file changed, /' \
+	    -e 's/, 1 deletions(-)/, 1 deletion(-)/' \
+	    -e 's/, 1 insertions(+)/, 1 insertion(+)/'
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'log --graph with diff and stats' '
+	git log --no-renames --graph --pretty=short --stat -p >actual &&
+	sanitize_output >actual.sanitized <actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual.sanitized
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dotdot is a parent directory' '
+	mkdir -p a/b &&
+	( echo sixth && echo fifth ) >expect &&
+	( cd a/b && git log --format=%s .. ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'log --graph --show-signature' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard && git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout -b signed master &&
+	echo foo >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -S -m signed_commit &&
+	git log --graph --show-signature -n1 signed >actual &&
+	grep "^| gpg: Signature made" actual &&
+	grep "^| gpg: Good signature" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'log --graph --show-signature for merged tag' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard && git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout -b plain master &&
+	echo aaa >bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git commit -m bar_commit &&
+	git checkout -b tagged master &&
+	echo bbb >baz &&
+	git add baz &&
+	git commit -m baz_commit &&
+	git tag -s -m signed_tag_msg signed_tag &&
+	git checkout plain &&
+	git merge --no-ff -m msg signed_tag &&
+	git log --graph --show-signature -n1 plain >actual &&
+	grep "^|\\\  merged tag" actual &&
+	grep "^| | gpg: Signature made" actual &&
+	grep "^| | gpg: Good signature" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --graph --no-walk is forbidden' '
+	test_must_fail git log --graph --no-walk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log diagnoses bogus HEAD' '
+	git init empty &&
+	test_must_fail git -C empty log 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep does.not.have.any.commits stderr &&
+	echo 1234abcd >empty/.git/refs/heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git -C empty log 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep broken stderr &&
+	echo "ref: refs/heads/invalid.lock" >empty/.git/HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git -C empty log 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep broken stderr &&
+	test_must_fail git -C empty log --default totally-bogus 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep broken stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up --source tests' '
+	git checkout --orphan source-a &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	git checkout -b source-b HEAD^ &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --source paints branch names' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	09e12a9	source-b three
+	8e393e1	source-a two
+	1ac6c77	source-b one
+	EOF
+	git log --oneline --source source-a source-b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --source paints tag names' '
+	git tag -m tagged source-tag &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	09e12a9	source-tag three
+	8e393e1	source-a two
+	1ac6c77	source-tag one
+	EOF
+	git log --oneline --source source-tag source-a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
index 1f182f612c..0dd8b65d7c 100755
--- a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
+++ b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ fuzz_blame () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	cat >contacts <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+
 	echo one >one &&
 	git add one &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -23,6 +28,44 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git commit --author "nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" -m second
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap no arguments' '
+	test_must_fail git check-mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap arguments' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git check-mailmap \
+		"A U Thor <author@example.com>" \
+		"nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap --stdin' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git check-mailmap --stdin <contacts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap --stdin arguments' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Internal Guy <bugs@company.xy>
+	EOF
+	cat <contacts >>expect &&
+	git check-mailmap --stdin "Internal Guy <bugs@company.xy>" \
+		<contacts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap bogus contact' '
+	test_must_fail git check-mailmap bogus
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor (1):
       initial
@@ -149,6 +192,136 @@ test_expect_success 'No mailmap files, but configured' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup mailmap blob tests' '
+	git checkout -b map &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	cat >just-bugs <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	cat >both <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <author@example.com>
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	printf "Tricky Guy <author@example.com>" >no-newline &&
+	git add just-bugs both no-newline &&
+	git commit -m "my mailmaps" &&
+	echo "Repo Guy <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	echo "Internal Guy <author@example.com>" >internal.map
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob set' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:just-bugs shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob overrides .mailmap' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (2):
+	      initial
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:both shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.file overrides mailmap.blob' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Internal Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git \
+	  -c mailmap.blob=map:both \
+	  -c mailmap.file=internal.map \
+	  shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can be missing' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:nonexistent shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to off in non-bare repo' '
+	git init non-bare &&
+	(
+		cd non-bare &&
+		test_commit one .mailmap "Fake Name <author@example.com>" &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		rm .mailmap &&
+		echo "     1	A U Thor" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to HEAD:.mailmap in bare repo' '
+	git clone --bare non-bare bare &&
+	(
+		cd bare &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can handle blobs without trailing newline' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Tricky Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:no-newline shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup after mailmap.blob tests' '
+	rm -f .mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single-character name' '
+	echo "     1	A <author@example.com>" >expect &&
+	echo "     1	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >>expect &&
+	echo "A <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	git shortlog -es HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preserve canonical email case' '
+	echo "     1	A U Thor <AUTHOR@example.com>" >expect &&
+	echo "     1	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >>expect &&
+	echo "<AUTHOR@example.com> <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	git shortlog -es HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # Extended mailmap configurations should give us the following output for shortlog
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor <author@example.com> (1):
@@ -239,6 +412,62 @@ test_expect_success 'Log output (complex mapping)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+>expect
+
+test_expect_success 'Only grep replaced author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author "<cto@coompany.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # git blame
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 ^OBJI (A U Thor     DATE 1) one
@@ -255,4 +484,15 @@ test_expect_success 'Blame output (complex mapping)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual.fuzz
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --author honors mailmap' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --author "nick" --allow-empty -meight &&
+	git commit --author "Some Dude" --allow-empty -meight &&
+	git show --pretty=format:"%an <%ae>%n" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4204-patch-id.sh b/t/t4204-patch-id.sh
index d2c930de87..84a809690e 100755
--- a/t/t4204-patch-id.sh
+++ b/t/t4204-patch-id.sh
@@ -5,27 +5,44 @@ test_description='git patch-id'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_commit initial foo a &&
-	test_commit first foo b &&
-	git checkout -b same HEAD^ &&
-	test_commit same-msg foo b &&
-	git checkout -b notsame HEAD^ &&
-	test_commit notsame-msg foo c
+	as="a a a a a a a a" && # eight a
+	test_write_lines $as >foo &&
+	test_write_lines $as >bar &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	git commit -a -m initial &&
+	test_write_lines $as b >foo &&
+	test_write_lines $as b >bar &&
+	git commit -a -m first &&
+	git checkout -b same master &&
+	git commit --amend -m same-msg &&
+	git checkout -b notsame master &&
+	echo c >foo &&
+	echo c >bar &&
+	git commit --amend -a -m notsame-msg &&
+	test_write_lines bar foo >bar-then-foo &&
+	test_write_lines foo bar >foo-then-bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'patch-id output is well-formed' '
-	git log -p -1 | git patch-id > output &&
+	git log -p -1 | git patch-id >output &&
 	grep "^[a-f0-9]\{40\} $(git rev-parse HEAD)$" output
 '
 
+#calculate patch id. Make sure output is not empty.
 calc_patch_id () {
-	git patch-id |
-		sed "s# .*##" > patch-id_"$1"
+	patch_name="$1"
+	shift
+	git patch-id "$@" |
+	sed "s/ .*//" >patch-id_"$patch_name" &&
+	test_line_count -gt 0 patch-id_"$patch_name"
+}
+
+get_top_diff () {
+	git log -p -1 "$@" -O bar-then-foo --
 }
 
 get_patch_id () {
-	git log -p -1 "$1" | git patch-id |
-		sed "s# .*##" > patch-id_"$1"
+	get_top_diff "$1" | calc_patch_id "$@"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'patch-id detects equality' '
@@ -45,8 +62,8 @@ test_expect_success 'patch-id supports git-format-patch output' '
 	git checkout same &&
 	git format-patch -1 --stdout | calc_patch_id same &&
 	test_cmp patch-id_master patch-id_same &&
-	set `git format-patch -1 --stdout | git patch-id` &&
-	test "$2" = `git rev-parse HEAD`
+	set $(git format-patch -1 --stdout | git patch-id) &&
+	test "$2" = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'whitespace is irrelevant in footer' '
@@ -56,6 +73,69 @@ test_expect_success 'whitespace is irrelevant in footer' '
 	test_cmp patch-id_master patch-id_same
 '
 
+cmp_patch_id () {
+	if
+		test "$1" = "relevant"
+	then
+		! test_cmp patch-id_"$2" patch-id_"$3"
+	else
+		test_cmp patch-id_"$2" patch-id_"$3"
+	fi
+}
+
+test_patch_id_file_order () {
+	relevant="$1"
+	shift
+	name="order-${1}-$relevant"
+	shift
+	get_top_diff "master" | calc_patch_id "$name" "$@" &&
+	git checkout same &&
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout -O foo-then-bar |
+		calc_patch_id "ordered-$name" "$@" &&
+	cmp_patch_id $relevant "$name" "ordered-$name"
+
+}
+
+# combined test for options: add more tests here to make them
+# run with all options
+test_patch_id () {
+	test_patch_id_file_order "$@"
+}
+
+# small tests with detailed diagnostic for basic options.
+test_expect_success 'file order is irrelevant with --stable' '
+	test_patch_id_file_order irrelevant --stable --stable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file order is relevant with --unstable' '
+	test_patch_id_file_order relevant --unstable --unstable
+'
+
+#Now test various option combinations.
+test_expect_success 'default is unstable' '
+	test_patch_id relevant default
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patchid.stable = true is stable' '
+	test_config patchid.stable true &&
+	test_patch_id irrelevant patchid.stable=true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patchid.stable = false is unstable' '
+	test_config patchid.stable false &&
+	test_patch_id relevant patchid.stable=false
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unstable overrides patchid.stable = true' '
+	test_config patchid.stable true &&
+	test_patch_id relevant patchid.stable=true--unstable --unstable
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stable overrides patchid.stable = false' '
+	test_config patchid.stable false &&
+	test_patch_id irrelevant patchid.stable=false--stable --stable
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'patch-id supports git-format-patch MIME output' '
 	get_patch_id master &&
 	git checkout same &&
diff --git a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
index 2ae9faa8b3..d9f62425b0 100755
--- a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
+++ b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
@@ -1,20 +1,41 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010, Will Palmer
+# Copyright (c) 2011, Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
 #
 
 test_description='Test pretty formats'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# Tested non-UTF-8 encoding
+test_encoding="ISO8859-1"
+
+sample_utf8_part=$(printf "f\303\244ng")
+
+commit_msg () {
+	# String "initial. initial" partly in German
+	# (translated with Google Translate),
+	# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+	msg="initial. an${sample_utf8_part}lich\n"
+	if test -n "$1"
+	then
+		printf "$msg" | iconv -f utf-8 -t "$1"
+	else
+		printf "$msg"
+	fi
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'set up basic repos' '
 	>foo &&
 	>bar &&
 	git add foo &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m initial &&
+	git config i18n.commitEncoding $test_encoding &&
+	commit_msg $test_encoding | git commit -F - &&
 	git add bar &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "add bar"
+	git commit -m "add bar" &&
+	git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'alias builtin format' '
@@ -38,6 +59,20 @@ test_expect_success 'alias user-defined format' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat with %s (ISO8859-1 encoding)' '
+	git config i18n.logOutputEncoding $test_encoding &&
+	git log --oneline >expected-s &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %s" >actual-s &&
+	git config --unset i18n.logOutputEncoding &&
+	test_cmp expected-s actual-s
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat with %s (utf-8 encoding)' '
+	git log --oneline >expected-s &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %s" >actual-s &&
+	test_cmp expected-s actual-s
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat' '
 	git log --pretty="tformat:%h" >expected &&
 	git config pretty.test-alias "tformat:%h" &&
@@ -71,4 +106,431 @@ test_expect_success 'alias loop' '
 	test_must_fail git log --pretty=test-foo
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'NUL separation' '
+	printf "add bar\0$(commit_msg)" >expected &&
+	git log -z --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'NUL termination' '
+	printf "add bar\0$(commit_msg)\0" >expected &&
+	git log -z --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'NUL separation with --stat' '
+	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
+	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
+	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0$(commit_msg)\n$stat1_part\n" >expected &&
+	git log -z --stat --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'NUL termination with --stat' '
+	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
+	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
+	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0$(commit_msg)\n$stat1_part\n0" >expected &&
+	git log -z --stat --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup more commits' '
+	test_commit "message one" one one message-one &&
+	test_commit "message two" two two message-two &&
+	head1=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~0) &&
+	head2=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~1) &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~2) &&
+	head4=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+message two                            Z
+message one                            Z
+add bar                                Z
+$(commit_msg)                    Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message two                            Z
+message one                            Z
+add bar                                Z
+$(commit_msg)                    Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %<|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1 message two                    Z
+$head2 message one                    Z
+$head3 add bar                        Z
+$head4 $(commit_msg)            Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	COLUMNS=50 git log --pretty="tformat:%h %<|(-10)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1 message two                    Z
+$head2 message one                    Z
+$head3 add bar                        Z
+$head4 $(commit_msg)            Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting at the nth column. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%h %<|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+$head1 message two                    Z
+$head2 message one                    Z
+$head3 add bar                        Z
+$head4 $(commit_msg)            Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with no padding. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with trunc' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+message ..
+message ..
+add bar  Z
+initial...
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with trunc. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message ..
+message ..
+add bar  Z
+initial...
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with ltrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,ltrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+..sage two
+..sage one
+add bar  Z
+..${sample_utf8_part}lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with ltrunc. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,ltrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+..sage two
+..sage one
+add bar  Z
+..${sample_utf8_part}lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with mtrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,mtrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+mess.. two
+mess.. one
+add bar  Z
+init..lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with mtrunc. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,mtrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+mess.. two
+mess.. one
+add bar  Z
+init..lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%>(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+Z                            message two
+Z                            message one
+Z                                add bar
+Z                    $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%>(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+Z                            message two
+Z                            message one
+Z                                add bar
+Z                    $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %>|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1                      message two
+$head2                      message one
+$head3                          add bar
+$head4              $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	COLUMNS=50 git log --pretty="tformat:%h %>|(-10)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1                      message two
+$head2                      message one
+$head3                          add bar
+$head4              $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%h %>|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+$head1                      message two
+$head2                      message one
+$head3                          add bar
+$head4              $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+# Note: Space between 'message' and 'two' should be in the same column
+# as in previous test.
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column with --graph. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --graph --pretty="tformat:%h %>|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected <<EOF&&
+* $head1                    message two
+* $head2                    message one
+* $head3                        add bar
+* $head4            $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%>(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting with no padding and with --graph' '
+	git log --graph --pretty="tformat:%>(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+* message two
+* message one
+* add bar
+* $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting with no padding. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%>(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%><(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+Z             message two              Z
+Z             message one              Z
+Z               add bar                Z
+Z         $(commit_msg)          Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%><(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+Z             message two              Z
+Z             message one              Z
+Z               add bar                Z
+Z         $(commit_msg)          Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %><|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1           message two          Z
+$head2           message one          Z
+$head3             add bar            Z
+$head4       $(commit_msg)      Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	COLUMNS=70 git log --pretty="tformat:%h %><|(-30)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1           message two          Z
+$head2           message one          Z
+$head3             add bar            Z
+$head4       $(commit_msg)      Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting at the nth column. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%h %><|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+$head1           message two          Z
+$head2           message one          Z
+$head3             add bar            Z
+$head4       $(commit_msg)      Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%><(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+# save HEAD's SHA-1 digest (with no abbreviations) to use it below
+# as far as the next test amends HEAD
+old_head1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD~0)
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting with no padding. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%><(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left/right alignment formatting with stealing' '
+	git commit --amend -m short --author "long long long <long@me.com>" &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)% an" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+short long  long long
+message ..   A U Thor
+add bar      A U Thor
+initial...   A U Thor
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+test_expect_success 'left/right alignment formatting with stealing. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)% an" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+short long  long long
+message ..   A U Thor
+add bar      A U Thor
+initial...   A U Thor
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'strbuf_utf8_replace() not producing NUL' '
+	git log --color --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)%C(auto)%d" |
+		test_decode_color |
+		nul_to_q >actual &&
+	! grep Q actual
+'
+
+# ISO strict date format
+test_expect_success 'ISO and ISO-strict date formats display the same values' '
+	git log --format=%ai%n%ci |
+	sed -e "s/ /T/; s/ //; s/..\$/:&/" >expected &&
+	git log --format=%aI%n%cI >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+# get new digests (with no abbreviations)
+head1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD~0) &&
+head2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD~1) &&
+
+test_expect_success 'log decoration properly follows tag chain' '
+	git tag -a tag1 -m tag1 &&
+	git tag -a tag2 -m tag2 tag1 &&
+	git tag -d tag1 &&
+	git commit --amend -m shorter &&
+	git log --no-walk --tags --pretty="%H %d" --decorate=full >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1  (tag: refs/tags/tag2)
+$head2  (tag: refs/tags/message-one)
+$old_head1  (tag: refs/tags/message-two)
+EOF
+	sort actual >actual1 &&
+	test_cmp expected actual1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean log decoration' '
+	git log --no-walk --tags --pretty="%H %D" --decorate=full >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+$head1 tag: refs/tags/tag2
+$head2 tag: refs/tags/message-one
+$old_head1 tag: refs/tags/message-two
+EOF
+	sort actual >actual1 &&
+	test_cmp expected actual1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
index bbde31b019..f8008b6a3d 100755
--- a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
+++ b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit},\
- ${c_tag}tag: v1.0${c_reset}${c_commit},\
- ${c_tag}tag: B${c_reset}${c_commit},\
- ${c_branch}master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} B
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
- ${c_remoteBranch}other/master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A1
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_reset}${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit} ->\
+ ${c_reset}${c_branch}master${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+ ${c_reset}${c_tag}tag: v1.0${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+ ${c_reset}${c_tag}tag: B${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} B
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_reset}${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+ ${c_reset}${c_remoteBranch}other/master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A1
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_reset}${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
  On master: Changes to A.t
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_reset}${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
 EOF
 
 # We want log to show all, but the second parent to refs/stash is irrelevant
diff --git a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
index 2c482b622b..d8f23f488e 100755
--- a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
@@ -11,11 +11,24 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	mkdir sub
 '
 
-test_expect_success '"git log :/" should be ambiguous' '
-	test_must_fail git log :/ 2>error &&
+test_expect_success '"git log :/" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a" should be ambiguous (applied both rev and worktree)' '
+	: >a &&
+	test_must_fail git log :/a 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a -- " should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/a --
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log -- :/a" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log -- :/a
+'
+
 test_expect_success '"git log :" should be ambiguous' '
 	test_must_fail git log : 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
@@ -33,4 +46,19 @@ test_expect_success 'git log HEAD -- :/' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'command line pathspec parsing for "git log"' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	>a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m "add an empty a" --allow-empty &&
+	echo 1 >a &&
+	git commit -a -m "update a to 1" &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	echo 2 >a &&
+	git commit -a -m "update a to 2" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git add a &&
+	git log --merge -- a
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..844df760f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='log --grep/--author/--regexp-ignore-case/-S/-G'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_log () {
+	expect=$1
+	kind=$2
+	needle=$3
+	shift 3
+	rest=$@
+
+	case $kind in
+	--*)
+		opt=$kind=$needle
+		;;
+	*)
+		opt=$kind$needle
+		;;
+	esac
+	case $expect in
+	expect_nomatch)
+		match=nomatch
+		;;
+	*)
+		match=match
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	test_expect_success "log $kind${rest:+ $rest} ($match)" "
+		git log $rest $opt --format=%H >actual &&
+		test_cmp $expect actual
+	"
+}
+
+# test -i and --regexp-ignore-case and expect both to behave the same way
+test_log_icase () {
+	test_log $@ --regexp-ignore-case
+	test_log $@ -i
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	>expect_nomatch &&
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect_initial &&
+
+	echo Picked >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --author="Another Person <another@example.com>" -m second &&
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect_second
+'
+
+test_log	expect_initial	--grep initial
+test_log	expect_nomatch	--grep InItial
+test_log_icase	expect_initial	--grep InItial
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	--grep initail
+
+test_log	expect_second	--author Person
+test_log	expect_nomatch	--author person
+test_log_icase	expect_second	--author person
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	--author spreon
+
+test_log	expect_nomatch	-G picked
+test_log	expect_second	-G Picked
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	-G pickle
+test_log_icase	expect_second	-G picked
+
+test_expect_success 'log -G --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -G --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_nomatch actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_log	expect_nomatch	-S picked
+test_log	expect_second	-S Picked
+test_log_icase	expect_second	-S picked
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	-S pickle
+
+test_log	expect_nomatch	-S p.cked --pickaxe-regex
+test_log	expect_second	-S P.cked --pickaxe-regex
+test_log_icase	expect_second	-S p.cked --pickaxe-regex
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	-S p.ckle --pickaxe-regex
+
+test_expect_success 'log -S --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -S --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_nomatch actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e585fe6129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log with i18n features'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# two forms of é
+utf8_e=$(printf '\303\251')
+latin1_e=$(printf '\351')
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits in different encodings' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	utf8
+
+	t${utf8_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=utf8 commit -F msg &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	latin1
+
+	t${latin1_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=ISO-8859-1 commit -F msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (utf8)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (latin1)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (utf8)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (latin1)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4211-line-log.sh b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4451127eb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log -L'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (import history)' '
+	git fast-import < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4211/history.export &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+canned_test_1 () {
+	test_expect_$1 "$2" "
+		git log $2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/t4211/expect.$3 actual
+	"
+}
+
+canned_test () {
+	canned_test_1 success "$@"
+}
+canned_test_failure () {
+	canned_test_1 failure "$@"
+}
+
+test_bad_opts () {
+	test_expect_success "invalid args: $1" "
+		test_must_fail git log $1 2>errors &&
+		grep '$2' errors
+	"
+}
+
+canned_test "-L 4,12:a.c simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L 4,+9:a.c simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L '/long f/,/^}/:a.c' simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L :f:a.c simple" simple-f-to-main
+
+canned_test "-L '/main/,/^}/:a.c' simple" simple-main
+canned_test "-L :main:a.c simple" simple-main-to-end
+
+canned_test "-L 1,+4:a.c simple" beginning-of-file
+
+canned_test "-L 20:a.c simple" end-of-file
+
+canned_test "-L '/long f/',/^}/:a.c -L /main/,/^}/:a.c simple" two-ranges
+canned_test "-L 24,+1:a.c simple" vanishes-early
+
+canned_test "-M -L '/long f/,/^}/:b.c' move-support" move-support-f
+canned_test "-M -L ':f:b.c' parallel-change" parallel-change-f-to-main
+
+canned_test "-L 4,12:a.c -L :main:a.c simple" multiple
+canned_test "-L 4,18:a.c -L ^:main:a.c simple" multiple-overlapping
+canned_test "-L :main:a.c -L 4,18:a.c simple" multiple-overlapping
+canned_test "-L 4:a.c -L 8,12:a.c simple" multiple-superset
+canned_test "-L 8,12:a.c -L 4:a.c simple" multiple-superset
+
+test_bad_opts "-L" "switch.*requires a value"
+test_bad_opts "-L b.c" "argument not .start,end:file"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:" "argument not .start,end:file"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:nonexistent" "There is no path"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:simple" "There is no path"
+test_bad_opts "-L '/foo:b.c'" "argument not .start,end:file"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1000:b.c" "has only.*lines"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1,1000:b.c" "has only.*lines"
+test_bad_opts "-L :b.c" "argument not .start,end:file"
+test_bad_opts "-L :foo:b.c" "no match"
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines)' '
+	n=$(wc -l <b.c) &&
+	git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 1) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines + 2)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines)' '
+	n=$(printf "%d" $(wc -l <b.c)) &&
+	git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 1) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines + 2)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L with --first-parent and a merge' '
+	git checkout parallel-change &&
+	git log --first-parent -L 1,1:b.c
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file b/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91b4054898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+commit 4a23ae5c98d59a58c6da036156959f2dc9f472ad
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:47:40 2013 +0100
+
+    change at very beginning
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
++#include <unistd.h>
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+ long f(long x)
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++#include <stdio.h>
++
++int f(int x)
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file b/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd25bb2f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -20,3 +20,3 @@
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +18,3 @@
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f b/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c905e01bc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+commit 6ce3c4ff690136099bb17e1a8766b75764726ea7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:49:50 2013 +0100
+
+    another simple change
+
+diff --git a/b.c b/b.c
+--- a/b.c
++++ b/b.c
+@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+-		x >>= 1;
++		x /= 2;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple b/t/t4211/expect.multiple
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76ad5b598c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d930b6eec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,18 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d930b6eec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,18 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main b/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..052def8074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+commit 0469c60bc4837d52d97b1f081dec5f98dea20fed
+Merge: ba227c6 6ce3c4f
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Fri Apr 12 16:16:24 2013 +0200
+
+    Merge across the rename
+
+
+commit 6ce3c4ff690136099bb17e1a8766b75764726ea7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:49:50 2013 +0100
+
+    another simple change
+
+diff --git a/b.c b/b.c
+--- a/b.c
++++ b/b.c
+@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+-		x >>= 1;
++		x /= 2;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit ba227c6632349700fbb957dec2b50f5e2358be3f
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Fri Apr 12 16:15:57 2013 +0200
+
+    change on another line of history while rename happens
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * This is only an example!
++ * This is only a short example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,13 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-f b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1f5bc49c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a475768710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,13 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-main b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39ce39bebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +16,5 @@
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8480bd9cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +16,5 @@
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges b/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6109aa0dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early b/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f7cd06941
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -22,1 +24,1 @@
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -22,1 +22,1 @@
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +20,1 @@
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/history.export b/t/t4211/history.export
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9f41e211e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/history.export
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+blob
+mark :1
+data 157
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int f(int x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+reset refs/tags/simple
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :2
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044688 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044688 +0100
+data 8
+initial
+M 100644 :1 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :3
+data 168
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int f(int x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :4
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044695 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044695 +0100
+data 11
+change f()
+from :2
+M 100644 :3 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :5
+data 171
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :6
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044716 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044716 +0100
+data 21
+touch both functions
+from :4
+M 100644 :5 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :7
+data 185
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :8
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044741 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044741 +0100
+data 14
+touch comment
+from :6
+M 100644 :7 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :9
+data 205
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :10
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044860 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044860 +0100
+data 25
+change at very beginning
+from :8
+M 100644 :9 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :11
+data 204
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :12
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044890 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044890 +0100
+data 36
+change to an incomplete line at end
+from :10
+M 100644 :11 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :13
+data 238
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :14
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044923 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044923 +0100
+data 29
+change back to complete line
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 a.c
+
+commit refs/tags/move-support
+mark :15
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044968 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044968 +0100
+data 10
+move file
+from :14
+D a.c
+M 100644 :13 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :16
+data 237
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/tags/move-support
+mark :17
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044990 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044990 +0100
+data 22
+another simple change
+from :15
+M 100644 :16 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :18
+data 254
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x);
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :19
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362045024 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362045024 +0100
+data 21
+move within the file
+from :17
+M 100644 :18 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :20
+data 243
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only a short example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/heads/parallel-change
+mark :21
+author Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776157 +0200
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776157 +0200
+data 55
+change on another line of history while rename happens
+from :14
+M 100644 :20 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :22
+data 242
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only a short example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/heads/parallel-change
+mark :23
+author Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776184 +0200
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776191 +0200
+data 24
+Merge across the rename
+from :21
+merge :17
+D a.c
+M 100644 :22 b.c
+
+reset refs/heads/parallel-change
+from :23
+
diff --git a/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..22aa8b7c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git log with invalid commit headers'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit foo &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD |
+	sed "/^author /s/>/>-<>/" >broken_email.commit &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit broken_email.commit >broken_email.hash &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/broken_email $(cat broken_email.hash)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices broken commit' '
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep invalid.author actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log with broken author email' '
+	{
+		echo commit $(cat broken_email.hash)
+		echo "Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+		echo "Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700"
+		echo
+		echo "    foo"
+	} >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log --format with broken author email' '
+	echo "A U Thor+author@example.com+Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700" >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log --format="%an+%ae+%ad" broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+munge_author_date () {
+	git cat-file commit "$1" >commit.orig &&
+	sed "s/^\(author .*>\) [0-9]*/\1 $2/" <commit.orig >commit.munge &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit commit.munge
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'unparsable dates produce sentinel value' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD totally_bogus) &&
+	echo "Date:   Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000" >expect &&
+	git log -1 $commit >actual.full &&
+	grep Date <actual.full >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unparsable dates produce sentinel value (%ad)' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD totally_bogus) &&
+	echo >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad $commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# date is 2^64 + 1
+test_expect_success 'date parser recognizes integer overflow' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD 18446744073709551617) &&
+	echo "Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad $commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# date is 2^64 - 2
+test_expect_success 'date parser recognizes time_t overflow' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD 18446744073709551614) &&
+	echo "Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad $commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# date is within 2^63-1, but enough to choke glibc's gmtime
+test_expect_success 'absurdly far-in-future date' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD 999999999999999999) &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad $commit
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4213-log-tabexpand.sh b/t/t4213-log-tabexpand.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e01a8f6ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4213-log-tabexpand.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='log/show --expand-tabs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+HT="	"
+title='tab indent at the beginning of the title line'
+body='tab indent on a line in the body'
+
+# usage: count_expand $indent $numSP $numHT @format_args
+count_expand ()
+{
+	expect=
+	count=$(( $1 + $2 )) ;# expected spaces
+	while test $count -gt 0
+	do
+		expect="$expect "
+		count=$(( $count - 1 ))
+	done
+	shift 2
+	count=$1 ;# expected tabs
+	while test $count -gt 0
+	do
+		expect="$expect$HT"
+		count=$(( $count - 1 ))
+	done
+	shift
+
+	# The remainder of the command line is "git show -s" options
+	case " $* " in
+	*' --pretty=short '*)
+		line=$title ;;
+	*)
+		line=$body ;;
+	esac
+
+	# Prefix the output with the command line arguments, and
+	# replace SP with a dot both in the expecte and actual output
+	# so that test_cmp would show the differene together with the
+	# breakage in a way easier to consume by the debugging user.
+	{
+		echo "git show -s $*"
+		echo "$expect$line"
+	} | sed -e 's/ /./g' >expect
+
+	{
+		echo "git show -s $*"
+		git show -s "$@" |
+		sed -n -e "/$line\$/p"
+	} | sed -e 's/ /./g' >actual
+
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expand ()
+{
+	fmt=$1
+	case "$fmt" in
+	*=raw | *=short | *=email)
+		default="0 1" ;;
+	*)
+		default="8 0" ;;
+	esac
+	case "$fmt" in
+	*=email)
+		in=0 ;;
+	*)
+		in=4 ;;
+	esac
+	test_expect_success "expand/no-expand${fmt:+ for $fmt}" '
+		count_expand $in $default $fmt &&
+		count_expand $in 8 0 $fmt --expand-tabs &&
+		count_expand $in 8 0 --expand-tabs $fmt &&
+		count_expand $in 8 0 $fmt --expand-tabs=8 &&
+		count_expand $in 8 0 --expand-tabs=8 $fmt &&
+		count_expand $in 0 1 $fmt --no-expand-tabs &&
+		count_expand $in 0 1 --no-expand-tabs $fmt &&
+		count_expand $in 0 1 $fmt --expand-tabs=0 &&
+		count_expand $in 0 1 --expand-tabs=0 $fmt &&
+		count_expand $in 4 0 $fmt --expand-tabs=4 &&
+		count_expand $in 4 0 --expand-tabs=4 $fmt
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_tick &&
+	sed -e "s/Q/$HT/g" <<-EOF >msg &&
+	Q$title
+
+	Q$body
+	EOF
+	git commit --allow-empty -F msg
+'
+
+test_expand ""
+test_expand --pretty
+test_expand --pretty=short
+test_expand --pretty=medium
+test_expand --pretty=full
+test_expand --pretty=fuller
+test_expand --pretty=raw
+test_expand --pretty=email
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh b/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
index 735e55d77c..553fe3e88e 100755
--- a/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
+++ b/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am with dos files config am.keepcr' '
 	git diff --exit-code master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'am with dos files config am.keepcr overriden by --no-keep-cr' '
+test_expect_success 'am with dos files config am.keepcr overridden by --no-keep-cr' '
 	git config am.keepcr 1 &&
 	git checkout -b dosfiles-conf-keepcr-override initial &&
 	git format-patch -k initial..master &&
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am with dos files with --keep-cr continue' '
 	git diff --exit-code master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'am with unix files config am.keepcr overriden by --no-keep-cr' '
+test_expect_success 'am with unix files config am.keepcr overridden by --no-keep-cr' '
 	git config am.keepcr 1 &&
 	git checkout -b unixfiles-conf-keepcr-override initial &&
 	cp -f file1 file &&
diff --git a/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh b/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
index b7da95fac5..85716dd6ec 100755
--- a/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
+++ b/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
@@ -3,20 +3,19 @@
 test_description='git am with corrupt input'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-# Note the missing "+++" line:
-cat > bad-patch.diff <<'EOF'
-From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
-diff --git a/f b/f
-index 7898192..6178079 100644
---- a/f
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--a
-+b
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success setup '
-	test $? = 0 &&
-	echo a > f &&
+	# Note the missing "+++" line:
+	cat >bad-patch.diff <<-\EOF &&
+	From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+	diff --git a/f b/f
+	index 7898192..6178079 100644
+	--- a/f
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-a
+	+b
+	EOF
+
+	echo a >f &&
 	git add f &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial
@@ -26,17 +25,12 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 #   fatal: unable to write file '(null)' mode 100644: Bad address
 # Also, it had the unwanted side-effect of deleting f.
 test_expect_success 'try to apply corrupted patch' '
-	git am bad-patch.diff 2> actual
-	test $? = 1
+	test_must_fail git am bad-patch.diff 2>actual
 '
 
-cat > expected <<EOF
-fatal: git diff header lacks filename information (line 4)
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'compare diagnostic; ensure file is still here' '
-	test $? = 0 &&
-	test -f f &&
+	echo "fatal: git diff header lacks filename information (line 4)" >expected &&
+	test_path_is_file f &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4255-am-submodule.sh b/t/t4255-am-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0ba8194403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4255-am-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git am handling submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+am () {
+	git format-patch --stdout --ignore-submodules=dirty "..$1" | git am -
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "am"
+
+am_3way () {
+	git format-patch --stdout --ignore-submodules=dirty "..$1" | git am --3way -
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES=1
+test_submodule_switch "am_3way"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup diff.submodule' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	INITIAL=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	git init submodule &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >../initial-submodule
+	) &&
+	git submodule add ./submodule &&
+	git commit -m first &&
+
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >../first-submodule
+	) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	SECOND=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git mv two.t four.t &&
+		git commit -m "second submodule" &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >../second-submodule
+	) &&
+	test_commit four &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	git commit --amend --no-edit &&
+	THIRD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git submodule update --init
+'
+
+run_test() {
+	START_COMMIT=$1 &&
+	EXPECT=$2 &&
+	# Abort any merges in progress: the previous
+	# test may have failed, and we should clean up.
+	test_might_fail git am --abort &&
+	git reset --hard $START_COMMIT &&
+	rm -f *.patch &&
+	git format-patch -1 &&
+	git reset --hard $START_COMMIT^ &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git am *.patch &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git -C submodule rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp $EXPECT actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule unset' '
+	test_unconfig diff.submodule &&
+	run_test $SECOND first-submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule unset with extra file' '
+	test_unconfig diff.submodule &&
+	run_test $THIRD second-submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule=log' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	run_test $SECOND first-submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule=log with extra file' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	run_test $THIRD second-submodule
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
index 46c3fe76d3..9015e47654 100755
--- a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ EXPECTED
 
 test_expect_success 'file add !A, B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in local
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -38,9 +36,6 @@ EXPECTED
 
 test_expect_success 'file add A, B (same)' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in both
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -181,9 +176,6 @@ AAA" &&
 
 test_expect_success 'file remove A, !B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-removed in local
-  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -213,6 +205,19 @@ EXPECTED
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'file remove A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
+EXPECTED
+
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "rm-a-b-base" "ONE" "AAA" &&
+	git rm ONE &&
+	git commit -m "rm-a-b" &&
+	git tag "rm-a-b" &&
+	git merge-tree rm-a-b-base rm-a-b rm-a-b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'file change A, remove B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
 removed in remote
@@ -254,4 +259,97 @@ EXPECTED
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "file" add-tree-A &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-A add-tree-A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (different)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in both
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  their  100644 ba629238ca89489f2b350e196ca445e09d8bb834 sub/file
+	@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+	+<<<<<<< .our
+	 AAA
+	+=======
+	+BBB
+	+>>>>>>> .their
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" add-tree-a-b-A &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "BBB" add-tree-a-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-a-b-A add-tree-a-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree unchanged A, removed B' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" tree-remove-b-initial &&
+	git rm sub/file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "remove sub/file" &&
+	git tag tree-remove-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn file to tree' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	rm initial-file &&
+	mkdir initial-file &&
+	test_commit "turn-file-to-tree" "initial-file/ONE" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree initial initial turn-file-to-tree >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 initial-file/ONE
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	  our    100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-initial
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn tree to file' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	test_commit "add-tree" "dir/path" "AAA" &&
+	test_commit "add-another-tree" "dir/another" "BBB" &&
+	rm -fr dir &&
+	test_commit "make-file" "dir" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree add-tree add-another-tree make-file >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 dir
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
index 527c9e7548..4b68bbafbe 100755
--- a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2005 Rene Scharfe
 #
 
-test_description='git tar-tree and git get-tar-commit-id test
+test_description='git archive and git get-tar-commit-id test
 
 This test covers the topics of file contents, commit date handling and
 commit id embedding:
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ commit id embedding:
   binary file (/bin/sh).  Only paths shorter than 99 characters are
   used.
 
-  git tar-tree applies the commit date to every file in the archive it
+  git archive applies the commit date to every file in the archive it
   creates.  The test sets the commit date to a specific value and checks
   if the tar archive contains that value.
 
-  When giving git tar-tree a commit id (in contrast to a tree id) it
+  When giving git archive a commit id (in contrast to a tree id) it
   embeds this commit id into the tar archive as a comment.  The test
   checks the ability of git get-tar-commit-id to figure it out from the
   tar file.
@@ -25,18 +25,83 @@ commit id embedding:
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
-GZIP=${GZIP:-gzip}
-GUNZIP=${GUNZIP:-gzip -d}
 
 SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
 
+test_lazy_prereq TAR_NEEDS_PAX_FALLBACK '
+	(
+		mkdir pax &&
+		cd pax &&
+		"$TAR" xf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5000/pax.tar &&
+		test -f PaxHeaders.1791/file
+	)
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq GZIP 'gzip --version'
+
+get_pax_header() {
+	file=$1
+	header=$2=
+
+	while read len rest
+	do
+		if test "$len" = $(echo "$len $rest" | wc -c)
+		then
+			case "$rest" in
+			$header*)
+				echo "${rest#$header}"
+				;;
+			esac
+		fi
+	done <"$file"
+}
+
+check_tar() {
+	tarfile=$1.tar
+	listfile=$1.lst
+	dir=$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+
+	test_expect_success ' extract tar archive' '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$TAR" xf -) <$tarfile
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success TAR_NEEDS_PAX_FALLBACK ' interpret pax headers' '
+		(
+			cd $dir &&
+			for header in *.paxheader
+			do
+				data=${header%.paxheader}.data &&
+				if test -h $data || test -e $data
+				then
+					path=$(get_pax_header $header path) &&
+					if test -n "$path"
+					then
+						mv "$data" "$path"
+					fi
+				fi
+			done
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success ' validate filenames' '
+		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
+		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success ' validate file contents' '
+		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
+	'
+}
+
 test_expect_success \
     'populate workdir' \
-    'mkdir a b c &&
+    'mkdir a &&
      echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     ten=0123456789 && hundred=$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten &&
+     echo long filename >a/four$hundred &&
      mkdir a/bin &&
-     cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
+     test-genrandom "frotz" 500000 >a/bin/sh &&
      printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
      printf "A not substituted O" >a/substfile2 &&
      if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
@@ -54,14 +119,16 @@ test_expect_success \
     'echo ignore me >a/ignored &&
      echo ignored export-ignore >.git/info/attributes'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'add files to repository' \
-    'find a -type f | xargs git update-index --add &&
-     find a -type l | xargs git update-index --add &&
-     treeid=`git write-tree` &&
-     echo $treeid >treeid &&
-     git update-ref HEAD $(TZ=GMT GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00:00" \
-     git commit-tree $treeid </dev/null)'
+test_expect_success 'add files to repository' '
+	git add a &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00" git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst' '
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'create bare clone' \
@@ -76,13 +143,25 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git archive' \
     'git archive HEAD >b.tar'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git tar-tree' \
-    'git tar-tree HEAD >b2.tar'
+check_tar b
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive vs. git tar-tree' \
-    'test_cmp b.tar b2.tar'
+test_expect_success 'git archive --prefix=prefix/' '
+	git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >with_prefix.tar
+'
+
+check_tar with_prefix prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
+	git archive --prefix=olde- HEAD >with_olde-prefix.tar
+'
+
+check_tar with_olde-prefix olde-
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive on large files' '
+    test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+    git archive HEAD >b3.tar &&
+    test_cmp_bin b.tar b3.tar
+'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'git archive in a bare repo' \
@@ -90,15 +169,15 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'git archive vs. the same in a bare repo' \
-    'test_cmp b.tar b3.tar'
+    'test_cmp_bin b.tar b3.tar'
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive with --output' \
     'git archive --output=b4.tar HEAD &&
-    test_cmp b.tar b4.tar'
+    test_cmp_bin b.tar b4.tar'
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive --remote' \
     'git archive --remote=. HEAD >b5.tar &&
-    test_cmp b.tar b5.tar'
+    test_cmp_bin b.tar b5.tar'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'validate file modification time' \
@@ -113,159 +192,37 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git get-tar-commit-id <b.tar >b.commitid &&
      test_cmp .git/$(git symbolic-ref HEAD) b.commitid'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract tar archive' \
-    '(cd b && "$TAR" xf -) <b.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate filenames' \
-    '(cd b/a && find .) | sort >b.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst b.lst'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate file contents' \
-    'diff -r a b/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git tar-tree with prefix' \
-    'git tar-tree HEAD prefix >c.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract tar archive with prefix' \
-    '(cd c && "$TAR" xf -) <c.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate filenames with prefix' \
-    '(cd c/prefix/a && find .) | sort >c.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst c.lst'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate file contents with prefix' \
-    'diff -r a c/prefix/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'create archives with substfiles' \
-    'cp .git/info/attributes .git/info/attributes.before &&
-     echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
-     git archive HEAD >f.tar &&
-     git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >g.tar &&
-     mv .git/info/attributes.before .git/info/attributes'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract substfiles' \
-    '(mkdir f && cd f && "$TAR" xf -) <f.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-     'validate substfile contents' \
-     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
-      >f/a/substfile1.expected &&
-      test_cmp f/a/substfile1.expected f/a/substfile1 &&
-      test_cmp a/substfile2 f/a/substfile2
-'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract substfiles from archive with prefix' \
-    '(mkdir g && cd g && "$TAR" xf -) <g.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-     'validate substfile contents from archive with prefix' \
-     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
-      >g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected &&
-      test_cmp g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected g/prefix/a/substfile1 &&
-      test_cmp a/substfile2 g/prefix/a/substfile2
-'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip' \
-    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
-    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
-    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
-    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
-	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
-	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, override inferred format' '
 	git archive --format=tar --output=d4.zip HEAD &&
-	test_cmp b.tar d4.zip
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar d4.zip
 '
 
-$UNZIP -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP tests, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'extract ZIP archive' \
-    '(mkdir d && cd d && $UNZIP ../d.zip)'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'validate filenames' \
-    '(cd d/a && find .) | sort >d.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst d.lst'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'validate file contents' \
-    'diff -r a d/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'extract ZIP archive with prefix' \
-    '(mkdir e && cd e && $UNZIP ../e.zip)'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'validate filenames with prefix' \
-    '(cd e/prefix/a && find .) | sort >e.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst e.lst'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'validate file contents with prefix' \
-    'diff -r a e/prefix/a'
-
 test_expect_success \
     'git archive --list outside of a git repo' \
     'GIT_DIR=some/non-existing/directory git archive --list'
 
 test_expect_success 'clients cannot access unreachable commits' '
 	test_commit unreachable &&
-	sha1=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	git archive $sha1 >remote.tar &&
 	test_must_fail git archive --remote=. $sha1 >remote.tar
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
-	git archive --prefix=olde- >h.tar HEAD &&
-	(
-		mkdir h &&
-		cd h &&
-		"$TAR" xf - <../h.tar
-	) &&
-	test -d h/olde-a &&
-	test -d h/olde-a/bin &&
-	test -f h/olde-a/bin/sh
+test_expect_success 'upload-archive can allow unreachable commits' '
+	test_commit unreachable1 &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git archive $sha1 >remote.tar &&
+	test_config uploadarchive.allowUnreachable true &&
+	git archive --remote=. $sha1 >remote.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup tar filters' '
 	git config tar.tar.foo.command "tr ab ba" &&
 	git config tar.bar.command "tr ab ba" &&
-	git config tar.bar.remote true
+	git config tar.bar.remote true &&
+	git config tar.invalid baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'archive --list mentions user filter' '
@@ -283,75 +240,63 @@ test_expect_success 'archive --list shows only enabled remote filters' '
 test_expect_success 'invoke tar filter by format' '
 	git archive --format=tar.foo HEAD >config.tar.foo &&
 	tr ab ba <config.tar.foo >config.tar &&
-	test_cmp b.tar config.tar &&
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar config.tar &&
 	git archive --format=bar HEAD >config.bar &&
 	tr ab ba <config.bar >config.tar &&
-	test_cmp b.tar config.tar
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar config.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'invoke tar filter by extension' '
 	git archive -o config-implicit.tar.foo HEAD &&
-	test_cmp config.tar.foo config-implicit.tar.foo &&
+	test_cmp_bin config.tar.foo config-implicit.tar.foo &&
 	git archive -o config-implicit.bar HEAD &&
-	test_cmp config.tar.foo config-implicit.bar
+	test_cmp_bin config.tar.foo config-implicit.bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'default output format remains tar' '
 	git archive -o config-implicit.baz HEAD &&
-	test_cmp b.tar config-implicit.baz
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar config-implicit.baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'extension matching requires dot' '
 	git archive -o config-implicittar.foo HEAD &&
-	test_cmp b.tar config-implicittar.foo
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar config-implicittar.foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'only enabled filters are available remotely' '
 	test_must_fail git archive --remote=. --format=tar.foo HEAD \
 		>remote.tar.foo &&
 	git archive --remote=. --format=bar >remote.bar HEAD &&
-	test_cmp remote.bar config.bar
+	test_cmp_bin remote.bar config.bar
 '
 
-if $GZIP --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	test_set_prereq GZIP
-else
-	say "Skipping some tar.gz tests because gzip not found"
-fi
-
 test_expect_success GZIP 'git archive --format=tgz' '
 	git archive --format=tgz HEAD >j.tgz
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'git archive --format=tar.gz' '
 	git archive --format=tar.gz HEAD >j1.tar.gz &&
-	test_cmp j.tgz j1.tar.gz
+	test_cmp_bin j.tgz j1.tar.gz
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'infer tgz from .tgz filename' '
 	git archive --output=j2.tgz HEAD &&
-	test_cmp j.tgz j2.tgz
+	test_cmp_bin j.tgz j2.tgz
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'infer tgz from .tar.gz filename' '
 	git archive --output=j3.tar.gz HEAD &&
-	test_cmp j.tgz j3.tar.gz
+	test_cmp_bin j.tgz j3.tar.gz
 '
 
-if $GUNZIP --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	test_set_prereq GUNZIP
-else
-	say "Skipping some tar.gz tests because gunzip was not found"
-fi
-
-test_expect_success GZIP,GUNZIP 'extract tgz file' '
-	$GUNZIP -c <j.tgz >j.tar &&
-	test_cmp b.tar j.tar
+test_expect_success GZIP 'extract tgz file' '
+	gzip -d -c <j.tgz >j.tar &&
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar j.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'remote tar.gz is allowed by default' '
 	git archive --remote=. --format=tar.gz HEAD >remote.tar.gz &&
-	test_cmp j.tgz remote.tar.gz
+	test_cmp_bin j.tgz remote.tar.gz
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'remote tar.gz can be disabled' '
@@ -360,4 +305,18 @@ test_expect_success GZIP 'remote tar.gz can be disabled' '
 		>remote.tar.gz
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'archive and :(glob)' '
+	git archive -v HEAD -- ":(glob)**/sh" >/dev/null 2>actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+a/
+a/bin/
+a/bin/sh
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'catch non-matching pathspec' '
+	test_must_fail git archive -v HEAD -- "*.abc" >/dev/null
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5000/pax.tar b/t/t5000/pax.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d911737149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5000/pax.tar
diff --git a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
index f47d8717fd..b04d955bfa 100755
--- a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
+++ b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_missing	worktree2/ignored-by-worktree
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive vs. bare' '
 	(cd bare && git archive HEAD) >bare-archive.tar &&
-	test_cmp archive.tar bare-archive.tar
+	test_cmp_bin archive.tar bare-archive.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive with worktree attributes, bare' '
@@ -87,14 +87,4 @@ test_expect_success 'export-subst' '
 	test_cmp substfile2 archive/substfile2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git tar-tree vs. git archive with worktree attributes' '
-	git tar-tree HEAD >tar-tree.tar &&
-	test_cmp worktree.tar tar-tree.tar
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'git tar-tree vs. git archive with worktree attrs, bare' '
-	(cd bare && git tar-tree HEAD) >bare-tar-tree.tar &&
-	test_cmp bare-worktree.tar bare-tar-tree.tar
-'
-
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6667d159ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive attribute pattern tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_exists() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 exists" "test -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_missing() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 does not exist" "test ! -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo ignored >ignored &&
+	echo ignored export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored &&
+
+	mkdir not-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored &&
+	echo not-ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	git add not-ignored-dir &&
+
+	mkdir ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-only-if-dir/ export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored-only-if-dir &&
+
+	mkdir -p ignored-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "ignored-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p wildcard-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "wild*-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/and/slashless &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	git add deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	echo "deep/and/slashless export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/with/wildcard &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	git add deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	echo "deep/*t*/wildcard export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	git add one-level-lower &&
+
+	git commit -m. &&
+
+	git clone --bare . bare &&
+	cp .git/info/attributes bare/info/attributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive' '
+	git archive HEAD >archive.tar &&
+	(mkdir archive && cd archive && "$TAR" xf -) <archive.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored
+test_expect_missing	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+test_expect_exists	archive/one-level-lower/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..14744b2a4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive --format=zip test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
+
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP_SYMLINKS '
+	(
+		mkdir unzip-symlinks &&
+		cd unzip-symlinks &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip &&
+		test -h symlink
+	)
+'
+
+check_zip() {
+	zipfile=$1.zip
+	listfile=$1.lst
+	dir=$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive" '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../$zipfile)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate filenames" "
+		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
+		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate file contents" "
+		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
+	"
+
+	dir=eol_$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+	extracted=${dir_with_prefix}a
+	original=a
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive with EOL conversion" '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$GIT_UNZIP" -a ../$zipfile)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate that text files are converted" "
+		test_cmp_bin $extracted/text.cr $extracted/text.crlf &&
+		test_cmp_bin $extracted/text.cr $extracted/text.lf
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate that binary files are unchanged" "
+		test_cmp_bin $original/binary.cr   $extracted/binary.cr &&
+		test_cmp_bin $original/binary.crlf $extracted/binary.crlf &&
+		test_cmp_bin $original/binary.lf   $extracted/binary.lf
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate that diff files are converted" "
+		test_cmp_bin $extracted/diff.cr $extracted/diff.crlf &&
+		test_cmp_bin $extracted/diff.cr $extracted/diff.lf
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate that -diff files are unchanged" "
+		test_cmp_bin $original/nodiff.cr   $extracted/nodiff.cr &&
+		test_cmp_bin $original/nodiff.crlf $extracted/nodiff.crlf &&
+		test_cmp_bin $original/nodiff.lf   $extracted/nodiff.lf
+	"
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'populate workdir' \
+    'mkdir a &&
+     echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     mkdir a/bin &&
+     cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
+     printf "text\r"	>a/text.cr &&
+     printf "text\r\n"	>a/text.crlf &&
+     printf "text\n"	>a/text.lf &&
+     printf "text\r"	>a/nodiff.cr &&
+     printf "text\r\n"	>a/nodiff.crlf &&
+     printf "text\n"	>a/nodiff.lf &&
+     printf "\0\r"	>a/binary.cr &&
+     printf "\0\r\n"	>a/binary.crlf &&
+     printf "\0\n"	>a/binary.lf &&
+     printf "\0\r"	>a/diff.cr &&
+     printf "\0\r\n"	>a/diff.crlf &&
+     printf "\0\n"	>a/diff.lf &&
+     printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
+     printf "A not substituted O" >a/substfile2 &&
+     (p=long_path_to_a_file && cd a &&
+      for depth in 1 2 3 4 5; do mkdir $p && cd $p; done &&
+      echo text >file_with_long_path)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS,UNZIP_SYMLINKS 'add symlink' '
+	ln -s a a/symlink_to_a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file list' '
+	(cd a && find .) | sort >a.lst
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add ignored file' \
+    'echo ignore me >a/ignored &&
+     echo ignored export-ignore >.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files to repository' '
+	git add a &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00" git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst and diff attributes' '
+	echo "a/nodiff.* -diff" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	echo "a/diff.* diff" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create bare clone' \
+    'git clone --bare . bare.git &&
+     cp .git/info/attributes bare.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'remove ignored file' \
+    'rm a/ignored'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip' \
+    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
+
+check_zip d
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
+    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
+    'test_cmp_bin d.zip d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
+    test_cmp_bin d.zip d2.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
+	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
+	test_cmp_bin d.zip d3.zip
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
+
+check_zip e prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive -0 --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive -0 --format=zip HEAD >large.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >large-compressed.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large-compressed
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..065728c631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
diff --git a/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..cca23383c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test corner cases of git-archive'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commit with empty tree' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m foo
+'
+
+# Make a dir and clean it up afterwards
+make_dir() {
+	mkdir "$1" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf '$1'"
+}
+
+# Check that the dir given in "$1" contains exactly the
+# set of paths given as arguments.
+check_dir() {
+	dir=$1; shift
+	{
+		echo "$dir" &&
+		for i in "$@"; do
+			echo "$dir/$i"
+		done
+	} | sort >expect &&
+	find "$dir" ! -name pax_global_header -print | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+
+# bsdtar/libarchive versions before 3.1.3 consider a tar file with a
+# global pax header that is not followed by a file record as corrupt.
+if "$TAR" tf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	test_set_prereq HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK
+fi
+
+test_expect_success HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK 'tar archive of commit with empty tree' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD >empty-with-pax-header.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf empty-with-pax-header.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD: >empty.tar &&
+	perl -e "print \"\\0\" x 10240" >10knuls.tar &&
+	test_cmp_bin 10knuls.tar empty.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf prefix.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	# Detect the exit code produced when our particular flavor of unzip
+	# sees an empty archive. Infozip will generate a warning and exit with
+	# code 1. But in the name of sanity, we do not expect other unzip
+	# implementations to do the same thing (it would be perfectly
+	# reasonable to exit 0, for example).
+	#
+	# This makes our test less rigorous on some platforms (unzip may not
+	# handle the empty repo at all, making our later check of its exit code
+	# a no-op). But we cannot do anything reasonable except skip the test
+	# on such platforms anyway, and this is the moral equivalent.
+	{
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty.zip
+		expect_code=$?
+	} &&
+
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >empty.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		test_expect_code $expect_code "$GIT_UNZIP" ../empty.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	# We do not have to play exit-code tricks here, because our
+	# result should not be empty; it has a directory in it.
+	git archive --format=zip --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" ../prefix.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive complains about pathspec on empty tree' '
+	test_must_fail git archive --format=tar HEAD -- foo >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create a commit with an empty subtree' '
+	empty_tree=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null) &&
+	root_tree=$(printf "040000 tree $empty_tree\tsub\n" | git mktree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree with no pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree >subtree-all.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-all.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree by direct pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree -- sub >subtree-path.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-path.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+ZIPINFO=zipinfo
+
+test_lazy_prereq ZIPINFO '
+	n=$("$ZIPINFO" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty.zip | sed -n "2s/.* //p")
+	test "x$n" = "x0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success ZIPINFO 'zip archive with many entries' '
+	# add a directory with 256 files
+	mkdir 00 &&
+	for a in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
+	do
+		for b in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
+		do
+			: >00/$a$b
+		done
+	done &&
+	git add 00 &&
+	git commit -m "256 files in 1 directory" &&
+
+	# duplicate it to get 65536 files in 256 directories
+	subtree=$(git write-tree --prefix=00/) &&
+	for c in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
+	do
+		for d in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
+		do
+			echo "040000 tree $subtree	$c$d"
+		done
+	done >tree &&
+	tree=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+
+	# zip them
+	git archive -o many.zip $tree &&
+
+	# check the number of entries in the ZIP file directory
+	expr 65536 + 256 >expect &&
+	"$ZIPINFO" many.zip | head -2 | sed -n "2s/.* //p" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da9e39e6cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty.zip b/t/t5004/empty.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a76bb6005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty.zip
diff --git a/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh b/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
index ebc36c1758..1a5a546230 100755
--- a/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
+++ b/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ test_description='git mailinfo and git mailsplit test'
 
 test_expect_success 'split sample box' \
 	'git mailsplit -o. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/sample.mbox >last &&
-	last=`cat last` &&
+	last=$(cat last) &&
 	echo total is $last &&
-	test `cat last` = 16'
+	test $(cat last) = 17'
 
 check_mailinfo () {
 	mail=$1 opt=$2
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ check_mailinfo () {
 }
 
 
-for mail in `echo 00*`
+for mail in 00*
 do
 	test_expect_success "mailinfo $mail" '
 		check_mailinfo $mail "" &&
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ do
 		if test -f "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/msg$mail--no-inbody-headers
 		then
 			check_mailinfo $mail --no-inbody-headers
+		fi &&
+		if test -f "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/msg$mail--message-id
+		then
+			check_mailinfo $mail --message-id
 		fi
 	'
 done
@@ -43,11 +47,11 @@ test_expect_success 'split box with rfc2047 samples' \
 	'mkdir rfc2047 &&
 	git mailsplit -orfc2047 "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/rfc2047-samples.mbox \
 	  >rfc2047/last &&
-	last=`cat rfc2047/last` &&
+	last=$(cat rfc2047/last) &&
 	echo total is $last &&
-	test `cat rfc2047/last` = 11'
+	test $(cat rfc2047/last) = 11'
 
-for mail in `echo rfc2047/00*`
+for mail in rfc2047/00*
 do
 	test_expect_success "mailinfo $mail" '
 		git mailinfo -u $mail-msg $mail-patch <$mail >$mail-info &&
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@ test_expect_success 'respect NULs' '
 	git mailsplit -d3 -o. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-plain &&
 	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-plain 001 &&
 	(cat 001 | git mailinfo msg patch) &&
-	test 4 = $(wc -l < patch)
+	test_line_count = 4 patch
 
 '
 
@@ -89,4 +93,53 @@ test_expect_success 'mailinfo on from header without name works' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'mailinfo finds headers after embedded From line' '
+	mkdir embed-from &&
+	git mailsplit -oembed-from "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/embed-from.in &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/embed-from.in embed-from/0001 &&
+	git mailinfo embed-from/msg embed-from/patch \
+	  <embed-from/0001 >embed-from/out &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/embed-from.expect embed-from/out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailinfo on message with quoted >From' '
+	mkdir quoted-from &&
+	git mailsplit -oquoted-from "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/quoted-from.in &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/quoted-from.in quoted-from/0001 &&
+	git mailinfo quoted-from/msg quoted-from/patch \
+	  <quoted-from/0001 >quoted-from/out &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/quoted-from.expect quoted-from/msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailinfo unescapes with --mboxrd' '
+	mkdir mboxrd &&
+	git mailsplit -omboxrd --mboxrd \
+		"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/sample.mboxrd >last &&
+	test x"$(cat last)" = x2 &&
+	for i in 0001 0002
+	do
+		git mailinfo mboxrd/msg mboxrd/patch \
+		  <mboxrd/$i >mboxrd/out &&
+		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/${i}mboxrd mboxrd/msg
+	done &&
+	sp=" " &&
+	echo "From " >expect &&
+	echo "From " >>expect &&
+	echo >> expect &&
+	cat >sp <<-INPUT_END &&
+	From mboxrd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+	From: trailing spacer <sp@example.com>
+	Subject: [PATCH] a commit with trailing space
+
+	From$sp
+	>From$sp
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git mailsplit -f2 -omboxrd --mboxrd <sp >last &&
+	test x"$(cat last)" = x1 &&
+	git mailinfo mboxrd/msg mboxrd/patch <mboxrd/0003 &&
+	test_cmp expect mboxrd/msg
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5100/0001mboxrd b/t/t5100/0001mboxrd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..494ec554b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/0001mboxrd
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+From the beginning, mbox should have been mboxrd
+>From escaped
+From not mangled but this line should have been escaped
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/0002mboxrd b/t/t5100/0002mboxrd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71343d41f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/0002mboxrd
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ >From unchanged
+ From also unchanged
+no trailing space, no escaping necessary and '>' was intended:
+>From
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/embed-from.expect b/t/t5100/embed-from.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06a3a3859a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/embed-from.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Commit Author
+Email: commit@example.com
+Subject: patch subject
+Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2014 21:13:23 -0400 
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/embed-from.in b/t/t5100/embed-from.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f3f84e508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/embed-from.in
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+From 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Email Author <email@example.com>
+Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 00:38:18 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] email subject
+
+>From 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Commit Author <commit@example.com>
+Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2014 21:13:23 -0400
+Subject: patch subject
+
+patch body
+---
+patch
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0012--message-id b/t/t5100/info0012--message-id
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac1216ff75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0012--message-id
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Dmitriy Blinov
+Email: bda@mnsspb.ru
+Subject: Изменён �пи�ок пакетов необходимых дл� �борки
+Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2008 17:54:41 +0300
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0017 b/t/t5100/info0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2bc89ffe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0017
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: A E I O U
+Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2012 14:23:44 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0012--message-id b/t/t5100/msg0012--message-id
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..376e26e9ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0012--message-id
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+textlive-* и�правлены на texlive-*
+docutils заменён на python-docutils
+
+Дей�твительно, оказало�ь, что rest2web выт�гивает за �обой
+python-docutils. В то врем� как �ам rest2web не нужен.
+
+Signed-off-by: Dmitriy Blinov <bda@mnsspb.ru>
+Message-Id: <1226501681-24923-1-git-send-email-bda@mnsspb.ru>
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0017 b/t/t5100/msg0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ee0900850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0017
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+New content here
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0001 b/t/t5100/patch0001
index 8ce155167d..02c97746d6 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0001
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0001
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0002 b/t/t5100/patch0002
index 8ce155167d..02c97746d6 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0002
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0002
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0003 b/t/t5100/patch0003
index 8ce155167d..02c97746d6 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0003
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0003
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0005 b/t/t5100/patch0005
index 7d24b24af8..ab7a38373b 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0005
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0005
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 
- Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt |    9 ++++++++-
- git-cvsimport-script                   |    4 ++--
+ Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt | 9 ++++++++-
+ git-cvsimport-script                   | 4 ++--
  2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 50452f9c0c2df1f04d83a26266ba704b13861632
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0006 b/t/t5100/patch0006
index 8ce155167d..02c97746d6 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0006
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0006
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0010 b/t/t5100/patch0010
index f055481d56..436821c97a 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0010
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0010
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |    2 +-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0011 b/t/t5100/patch0011
index 8841d3c139..0988713761 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0011
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0011
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c  |    4 ++--
+ builtin-mailinfo.c  | 4 ++--
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
 index 3e5fe51..aabfe5c 100644
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0012--message-id b/t/t5100/patch0012--message-id
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36a0b68161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0012--message-id
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+ howto/build_navy.txt |    6 +++---
+ 1 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/howto/build_navy.txt b/howto/build_navy.txt
+index 3fd3afb..0ee807e 100644
+--- a/howto/build_navy.txt
++++ b/howto/build_navy.txt
+@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@
+    - libxv-dev
+    - libusplash-dev
+    - latex-make
+-   - textlive-lang-cyrillic
+-   - textlive-latex-extra
++   - texlive-lang-cyrillic
++   - texlive-latex-extra
+    - dia
+    - python-pyrex
+    - libtool
+@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
+    - sox
+    - cython
+    - imagemagick
+-   - docutils
++   - python-docutils
+ 
+ #. на машине dinar: добавить �вой открытый ssh-ключ в authorized_keys2 пользовател� ddev
+ #. на �воей машине: отредактировать /etc/sudoers (команда ``visudo``) примерно �ледующим образом::
+-- 
+1.5.6.5
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0014 b/t/t5100/patch0014
index 124efd234f..3f3825f9f2 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0014
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0014
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
  1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors b/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors
index 124efd234f..3f3825f9f2 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
  1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0017 b/t/t5100/patch0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35cf84c9a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0017
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++New content
diff --git a/t/t5100/quoted-from.expect b/t/t5100/quoted-from.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c9d48c852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/quoted-from.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+>From the depths of history, we are stuck with the
+flaky mbox format.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/quoted-from.in b/t/t5100/quoted-from.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..847e1c4d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/quoted-from.in
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+From 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Author Name <somebody@example.com>
+Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 00:38:18 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] testing quoted >From
+
+>From the depths of history, we are stuck with the
+flaky mbox format.
+
+---
+patch
diff --git a/t/t5100/sample.mbox b/t/t5100/sample.mbox
index de1031241d..8b2ae064c3 100644
--- a/t/t5100/sample.mbox
+++ b/t/t5100/sample.mbox
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Subject: [PATCH] a commit.
 Here is a patch from A U Thor.
 
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ two truly blank and another full of spaces in between.
 Hope this helps.
 
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Message-Id: <nitpicker.12121212@example.net>
 Hopefully this would fix the problem stated there.
 
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ actual flags.
 Signed-off-by: David K=E5gedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
 ---
 
- Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt |    9 ++++++++-
- git-cvsimport-script                   |    4 ++--
+ Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt | 9 ++++++++-
+ git-cvsimport-script                   | 4 ++--
  2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 50452f9c0c2df1f04d83a26266ba704b13861632
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ Subject: [PATCH] a commit.
 Here is a patch from A U Thor.
 
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ memcmp("Subject: ", header[i], 7) will never match.
 Signed-off-by: Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
 Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |    2 +-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
 Here comes a commit log message, and
 its second line is here.
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c  |    4 ++--
+ builtin-mailinfo.c  | 4 ++--
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
 index 3e5fe51..aabfe5c 100644
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ everything before it in the message body.
 
 Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
  1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
@@ -683,3 +683,19 @@ index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
 @@ -0,0 +1 @@
 +content
 
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Subject: A E I O U
+Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2012 14:23:44 -0700
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-2022-jp"
+Content-type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
+
+New content here
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++New content
diff --git a/t/t5100/sample.mboxrd b/t/t5100/sample.mboxrd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79ad5ae0e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/sample.mboxrd
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+From mboxrd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: mboxrd writer <mboxrd@example.com>
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] a commit with escaped From lines
+
+>From the beginning, mbox should have been mboxrd
+>>From escaped
+From not mangled but this line should have been escaped
+
+From mboxrd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: mboxrd writer <mboxrd@example.com>
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH 2/2] another with fake From lines
+
+ >From unchanged
+ From also unchanged
+no trailing space, no escaping necessary and '>' was intended:
+>From
+
diff --git a/t/t5150-request-pull.sh b/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
index da25bc2d1f..82c33b88e7 100755
--- a/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: two scripts for reading pull requests' '
 
 	cat <<-EOT >fuzz.sed
 	#!/bin/sed -nf
+	s/$downstream_url_for_sed/URL/g
 	s/$_x40/OBJECT_NAME/g
 	s/A U Thor/AUTHOR/g
 	s/[-0-9]\{10\} [:0-9]\{8\} [-+][0-9]\{4\}/DATE/g
 	s/        [^ ].*/        SUBJECT/g
 	s/  [^ ].* (DATE)/  SUBJECT (DATE)/g
-	s/$downstream_url_for_sed/URL/g
-	s/for-upstream/BRANCH/g
+	s|tags/full|BRANCH|g
 	s/mnemonic.txt/FILENAME/g
 	s/^version [0-9]/VERSION/
 	/^ FILENAME | *[0-9]* [-+]*\$/ b diffstat
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: two scripts for reading pull requests' '
 	b
 	: diffstat
 	n
-	/ [0-9]* files changed/ {
+	/ [0-9]* files* changed/ {
 		a\\
 	DIFFSTAT
 		b
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull request when forgot to push' '
 		test_must_fail git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" \
 			2>../err
 	) &&
-	grep "No branch of.*is at:\$" err &&
+	grep "No match for commit .*" err &&
 	grep "Are you sure you pushed" err
 
 '
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull request after push' '
 		git checkout initial &&
 		git merge --ff-only master &&
 		git push origin master:for-upstream &&
-		git request-pull initial origin >../request
+		git request-pull initial origin master:for-upstream >../request
 	) &&
 	sed -nf read-request.sed <request >digest &&
 	cat digest &&
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull request after push' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'request names an appropriate branch' '
+test_expect_success 'request asks HEAD to be pulled' '
 
 	rm -fr downstream.git &&
 	git init --bare downstream.git &&
@@ -179,11 +179,7 @@ test_expect_success 'request names an appropriate branch' '
 		read repository &&
 		read branch
 	} <digest &&
-	{
-		test "$branch" = full ||
-		test "$branch" = master ||
-		test "$branch" = for-upstream
-	}
+	test -z "$branch"
 
 '
 
@@ -216,12 +212,24 @@ test_expect_success 'pull request format' '
 		cd local &&
 		git checkout initial &&
 		git merge --ff-only master &&
-		git push origin master:for-upstream &&
-		git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" >../request
+		git push origin tags/full &&
+		git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" tags/full >../request
 	) &&
 	<request sed -nf fuzz.sed >request.fuzzy &&
-	test_cmp expect request.fuzzy
+	test_i18ncmp expect request.fuzzy &&
 
+	(
+		cd local &&
+		git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" tags/full:refs/tags/full
+	) >request &&
+	sed -nf fuzz.sed <request >request.fuzzy &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect request.fuzzy &&
+
+	(
+		cd local &&
+		git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" full
+	) >request &&
+	grep " tags/full\$" request
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'request-pull ignores OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH poison' '
@@ -233,7 +241,7 @@ test_expect_success 'request-pull ignores OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH poison' '
 		git checkout initial &&
 		git merge --ff-only master &&
 		git push origin master:for-upstream &&
-		git request-pull -- initial "$downstream_url" >../request
+		git request-pull -- initial "$downstream_url" master:for-upstream >../request
 	)
 
 '
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
index 602806d09c..899e52d50f 100755
--- a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ test_description='git pack-object
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-TRASH=`pwd`
+TRASH=$(pwd)
 
 test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ test_expect_success \
      test-genrandom "seed b" 2097152 > b_big &&
      git update-index --add a a_big b b_big c &&
      cat c >d && echo foo >>d && git update-index --add d &&
-     tree=`git write-tree` &&
-     commit=`git commit-tree $tree </dev/null` && {
+     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+     commit=$(git commit-tree $tree </dev/null) && {
 	 echo $tree &&
 	 echo $commit &&
 	 git ls-tree $tree | sed -e "s/.* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)	.*/\\1/"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git diff-tree --root -p $commit &&
 	 while read object
 	 do
-	    t=`git cat-file -t $object` &&
+	    t=$(git cat-file -t $object) &&
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
      } >expect'
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ test_expect_success \
     'pack without delta' \
     'packname_1=$(git pack-objects --window=0 test-1 <obj-list)'
 
+test_expect_success \
+    'pack-objects with bogus arguments' \
+    'test_must_fail git pack-objects --window=0 test-1 blah blah <obj-list'
+
 rm -fr .git2
 mkdir .git2
 
@@ -143,11 +147,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git diff-tree --root -p $commit &&
 	 while read object
 	 do
-	    t=`git cat-file -t $object` &&
+	    t=$(git cat-file -t $object) &&
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'use packed deltified (REF_DELTA) objects' \
@@ -158,11 +162,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git diff-tree --root -p $commit &&
 	 while read object
 	 do
-	    t=`git cat-file -t $object` &&
+	    t=$(git cat-file -t $object) &&
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'use packed deltified (OFS_DELTA) objects' \
@@ -173,11 +177,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git diff-tree --root -p $commit &&
 	 while read object
 	 do
-	    t=`git cat-file -t $object` &&
+	    t=$(git cat-file -t $object) &&
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 unset GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
 
@@ -191,9 +195,9 @@ test_expect_success 'survive missing objects/pack directory' '
 		rm -fr $GOP &&
 		git index-pack --stdin --keep=test <../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack &&
-		test_cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack ../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
+		cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack ../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx &&
-		test_cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx ../test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
+		cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx ../test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.keep
 	)
 '
@@ -248,8 +252,8 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'verify-pack catches a corrupted sum of the index file itself' \
-    'l=`wc -c <test-3.idx` &&
-     l=`expr $l - 20` &&
+    'l=$(wc -c <test-3.idx) &&
+     l=$(expr $l - 20) &&
      cat test-1-${packname_1}.pack >test-3.pack &&
      printf "%20s" "" | dd of=test-3.idx count=20 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$l &&
      if git verify-pack test-3.pack
@@ -280,6 +284,12 @@ test_expect_success \
      git index-pack test-3.pack &&
      cmp test-3.idx test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
 
+     cat test-1-${packname_1}.pack >test-4.pack &&
+     rm -f test-4.keep &&
+     git index-pack --keep=why test-4.pack &&
+     cmp test-1-${packname_1}.idx test-4.idx &&
+     test -f test-4.keep &&
+
      :'
 
 test_expect_success 'unpacking with --strict' '
@@ -412,6 +422,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
     'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision' \
     'test_must_fail git index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
-     grep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
+     test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision (large blobs)' \
+    'test_must_fail git -c core.bigfilethreshold=1 index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
+     test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh b/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh
index 2fc5af6007..cae8c2e882 100755
--- a/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh
+++ b/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ test_expect_success \
          git update-index --add $i || return 1
      done &&
      echo d >d && cat c >>d && git update-index --add d &&
-     tree=`git write-tree` &&
-     commit1=`git commit-tree $tree </dev/null` &&
+     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+     commit1=$(git commit-tree $tree </dev/null) &&
      git update-ref HEAD $commit1 &&
      git repack -a -d &&
-     test "`git count-objects`" = "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" &&
-     pack1=`ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack` &&
+     test "$(git count-objects)" = "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" &&
+     pack1=$(ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack) &&
      test -f "$pack1"'
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ test_expect_success \
     'repack -a -d, packedGit{WindowSize,Limit} == 1 page' \
     'git config core.packedGitWindowSize 512 &&
      git config core.packedGitLimit 512 &&
-     commit2=`git commit-tree $tree -p $commit1 </dev/null` &&
+     commit2=$(git commit-tree $tree -p $commit1 </dev/null) &&
      git update-ref HEAD $commit2 &&
      git repack -a -d &&
-     test "`git count-objects`" = "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" &&
-     pack2=`ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack` &&
+     test "$(git count-objects)" = "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" &&
+     pack2=$(ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack) &&
      test -f "$pack2" &&
      test "$pack1" \!= "$pack2"'
 
diff --git a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
index f8fa92446c..c2fc584dac 100755
--- a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ test_expect_success \
      i=1 &&
      while test $i -le 100
      do
-         iii=`printf '%03i' $i`
+         iii=$(printf '%03i' $i)
          test-genrandom "bar" 200 > wide_delta_$iii &&
          test-genrandom "baz $iii" 50 >> wide_delta_$iii &&
          test-genrandom "foo"$i 100 > deep_delta_$iii &&
-         test-genrandom "foo"`expr $i + 1` 100 >> deep_delta_$iii &&
-         test-genrandom "foo"`expr $i + 2` 100 >> deep_delta_$iii &&
+         test-genrandom "foo"$(expr $i + 1) 100 >> deep_delta_$iii &&
+         test-genrandom "foo"$(expr $i + 2) 100 >> deep_delta_$iii &&
          echo $iii >file_$iii &&
          test-genrandom "$iii" 8192 >>file_$iii &&
          git update-index --add file_$iii deep_delta_$iii wide_delta_$iii &&
-         i=`expr $i + 1` || return 1
+         i=$(expr $i + 1) || return 1
      done &&
      { echo 101 && test-genrandom 100 8192; } >file_101 &&
      git update-index --add file_101 &&
-     tree=`git write-tree` &&
-     commit=`git commit-tree $tree </dev/null` && {
+     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+     commit=$(git commit-tree $tree </dev/null) && {
 	 echo $tree &&
 	 git ls-tree $tree | sed -e "s/.* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)	.*/\\1/"
      } >obj-list &&
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ test_expect_success 'index-pack --verify on index version 2' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
+    'pack-objects --index-version=2, is not accepted' \
+    'test_must_fail git pack-objects --index-version=2, test-3 <obj-list'
+
+test_expect_success \
     'index v2: force some 64-bit offsets with pack-objects' \
     'pack3=$(git pack-objects --index-version=2,0x40000 test-3 <obj-list)'
 
@@ -148,10 +152,10 @@ test_expect_success \
     '[index v1] 2) create a stealth corruption in a delta base reference' \
     '# This test assumes file_101 is a delta smaller than 16 bytes.
      # It should be against file_100 but we substitute its base for file_099
-     sha1_101=`git hash-object file_101` &&
-     sha1_099=`git hash-object file_099` &&
-     offs_101=`index_obj_offset 1.idx $sha1_101` &&
-     nr_099=`index_obj_nr 1.idx $sha1_099` &&
+     sha1_101=$(git hash-object file_101) &&
+     sha1_099=$(git hash-object file_099) &&
+     offs_101=$(index_obj_offset 1.idx $sha1_101) &&
+     nr_099=$(index_obj_nr 1.idx $sha1_099) &&
      chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
      dd of=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" seek=$(($offs_101 + 1)) \
         if=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" \
@@ -170,11 +174,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
     '[index v1] 5) pack-objects happily reuses corrupted data' \
     'pack4=$(git pack-objects test-4 <obj-list) &&
-     test -f "test-4-${pack1}.pack"'
+     test -f "test-4-${pack4}.pack"'
 
 test_expect_success \
     '[index v1] 6) newly created pack is BAD !' \
-    'test_must_fail git verify-pack -v "test-4-${pack1}.pack"'
+    'test_must_fail git verify-pack -v "test-4-${pack4}.pack"'
 
 test_expect_success \
     '[index v2] 1) stream pack to repository' \
@@ -189,10 +193,10 @@ test_expect_success \
     '[index v2] 2) create a stealth corruption in a delta base reference' \
     '# This test assumes file_101 is a delta smaller than 16 bytes.
      # It should be against file_100 but we substitute its base for file_099
-     sha1_101=`git hash-object file_101` &&
-     sha1_099=`git hash-object file_099` &&
-     offs_101=`index_obj_offset 1.idx $sha1_101` &&
-     nr_099=`index_obj_nr 1.idx $sha1_099` &&
+     sha1_101=$(git hash-object file_101) &&
+     sha1_099=$(git hash-object file_099) &&
+     offs_101=$(index_obj_offset 1.idx $sha1_101) &&
+     nr_099=$(index_obj_nr 1.idx $sha1_099) &&
      chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
      dd of=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" seek=$(($offs_101 + 1)) \
         if=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" \
@@ -218,11 +222,11 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
      git index-pack --index-version=2 --stdin < "test-1-${pack1}.pack" &&
      git verify-pack ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
-     obj=`git hash-object file_001` &&
-     nr=`index_obj_nr ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" $obj` &&
+     obj=$(git hash-object file_001) &&
+     nr=$(index_obj_nr ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" $obj) &&
      chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" &&
      printf xxxx | dd of=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" conv=notrunc \
-        bs=1 count=4 seek=$((8 + 256 * 4 + `wc -l <obj-list` * 20 + $nr * 4)) &&
+        bs=1 count=4 seek=$((8 + 256 * 4 + $(wc -l <obj-list) * 20 + $nr * 4)) &&
      ( while read obj
        do git cat-file -p $obj >/dev/null || exit 1
        done <obj-list ) &&
@@ -239,4 +243,23 @@ test_expect_success 'running index-pack in the object store' '
     test -f .git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'index-pack --strict warns upon missing tagger in tag' '
+    sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+    cat >wrong-tag <<EOF &&
+object $sha
+type commit
+tag guten tag
+
+This is an invalid tag.
+EOF
+
+    tag=$(git hash-object -t tag -w --stdin <wrong-tag) &&
+    pack1=$(echo $tag $sha | git pack-objects tag-test) &&
+    echo remove tag object &&
+    thirtyeight=${tag#??} &&
+    rm -f .git/objects/${tag%$thirtyeight}/$thirtyeight &&
+    git index-pack --strict tag-test-${pack1}.pack 2>err &&
+    grep "^warning:.* expected .tagger. line" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
index 5f6cd4f333..5940ce2084 100755
--- a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
+++ b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
@@ -32,26 +32,26 @@ create_test_files() {
 create_new_pack() {
     rm -rf .git &&
     git init &&
-    blob_1=`git hash-object -t blob -w file_1` &&
-    blob_2=`git hash-object -t blob -w file_2` &&
-    blob_3=`git hash-object -t blob -w file_3` &&
-    pack=`printf "$blob_1\n$blob_2\n$blob_3\n" |
-          git pack-objects $@ .git/objects/pack/pack` &&
+    blob_1=$(git hash-object -t blob -w file_1) &&
+    blob_2=$(git hash-object -t blob -w file_2) &&
+    blob_3=$(git hash-object -t blob -w file_3) &&
+    pack=$(printf "$blob_1\n$blob_2\n$blob_3\n" |
+          git pack-objects $@ .git/objects/pack/pack) &&
     pack=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack}" &&
     git verify-pack -v ${pack}.pack
 }
 
 do_repack() {
-    pack=`printf "$blob_1\n$blob_2\n$blob_3\n" |
-          git pack-objects $@ .git/objects/pack/pack` &&
+    pack=$(printf "$blob_1\n$blob_2\n$blob_3\n" |
+          git pack-objects $@ .git/objects/pack/pack) &&
     pack=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack}"
 }
 
 do_corrupt_object() {
-    ofs=`git show-index < ${pack}.idx | grep $1 | cut -f1 -d" "` &&
+    ofs=$(git show-index < ${pack}.idx | grep $1 | cut -f1 -d" ") &&
     ofs=$(($ofs + $2)) &&
     chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
-    dd of=${pack}.pack count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
+    dd of=${pack}.pack bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
     test_must_fail git verify-pack ${pack}.pack
 }
 
@@ -276,6 +276,33 @@ test_expect_success \
      git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
 
 test_expect_success \
+    'corruption of delta base reference pointing to wrong object' \
+    'create_new_pack --delta-base-offset &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     printf "\220\033" | do_corrupt_object $blob_3 2 &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 >/dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 >/dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 >/dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_3 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack --delta-base-offset --no-reuse-delta &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
     'corrupting header to have too small output buffer fails unpack' \
     'create_new_pack &&
      git prune-packed &&
diff --git a/t/t5304-prune.sh b/t/t5304-prune.sh
index d645328609..133b5842b1 100755
--- a/t/t5304-prune.sh
+++ b/t/t5304-prune.sh
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ add_blob() {
 	before=$(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
 	BLOB=$(echo aleph_0 | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
 	BLOB_FILE=.git/objects/$(echo $BLOB | sed "s/^../&\//") &&
-	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	verbose test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	test-chmtime =+0 $BLOB_FILE
 }
 
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ test_expect_success 'prune stale packs' '
 	: > .git/objects/tmp_2.pack &&
 	test-chmtime =-86501 .git/objects/tmp_1.pack &&
 	git prune --expire 1.day &&
-	test -f $orig_pack &&
-	test -f .git/objects/tmp_2.pack &&
-	! test -f .git/objects/tmp_1.pack
+	test_path_is_file $orig_pack &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/objects/tmp_2.pack &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/objects/tmp_1.pack
 
 '
 
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ test_expect_success 'prune --expire' '
 
 	add_blob &&
 	git prune --expire=1.hour.ago &&
-	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	verbose test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	test-chmtime =-86500 $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git prune --expire 1.day &&
-	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+	verbose test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ test_expect_success 'gc: implicit prune --expire' '
 	add_blob &&
 	test-chmtime =-$((2*$week-30)) $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc &&
-	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	verbose test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	test-chmtime =-$((2*$week+1)) $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc &&
-	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+	verbose test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -104,6 +104,28 @@ test_expect_success 'prune: prune unreachable heads' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prune: do not prune detached HEAD with no reflog' '
+
+	git checkout --detach --quiet &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "detached commit" &&
+	# verify that there is no reflogs
+	# (should be removed and disabled by previous test)
+	test_path_is_missing .git/logs &&
+	git prune -n >prune_actual &&
+	: >prune_expected &&
+	test_cmp prune_actual prune_expected
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune: prune former HEAD after checking out branch' '
+
+	head_sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git checkout --quiet master &&
+	git prune -v >prune_actual &&
+	grep "$head_sha1" prune_actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'prune: do not prune heads listed as an argument' '
 
 	: > file2 &&
@@ -122,8 +144,8 @@ test_expect_success 'gc --no-prune' '
 	test-chmtime =-$((5001*$day)) $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git config gc.pruneExpire 2.days.ago &&
 	git gc --no-prune &&
-	test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE
+	verbose test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -131,10 +153,10 @@ test_expect_success 'gc respects gc.pruneExpire' '
 
 	git config gc.pruneExpire 5002.days.ago &&
 	git gc &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git config gc.pruneExpire 5000.days.ago &&
 	git gc &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -143,9 +165,9 @@ test_expect_success 'gc --prune=<date>' '
 	add_blob &&
 	test-chmtime =-$((5001*$day)) $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc --prune=5002.days.ago &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc --prune=5000.days.ago &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -153,9 +175,9 @@ test_expect_success 'gc --prune=never' '
 
 	add_blob &&
 	git gc --prune=never &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc --prune=now &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -164,10 +186,10 @@ test_expect_success 'gc respects gc.pruneExpire=never' '
 	git config gc.pruneExpire never &&
 	add_blob &&
 	git gc &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git config gc.pruneExpire now &&
 	git gc &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -175,9 +197,9 @@ test_expect_success 'prune --expire=never' '
 
 	add_blob &&
 	git prune --expire=never &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git prune &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -187,12 +209,78 @@ test_expect_success 'gc: prune old objects after local clone' '
 	git clone --no-hardlinks . aclone &&
 	(
 		cd aclone &&
-		test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-		test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+		verbose test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+		test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 		git gc --prune &&
-		test 0 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-		! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+		verbose test 0 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+		test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'garbage report in count-objects -v' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack/fake*" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack/foo*" &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.idx &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake2.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake3.idx &&
+	git count-objects -v 2>stderr &&
+	grep "index file .git/objects/pack/fake.idx is too small" stderr &&
+	grep "^warning:" stderr | sort >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/fake.bar
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo.bar
+warning: no corresponding .idx or .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake2.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.pack
+warning: no corresponding .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake3.idx
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean pack garbage with gc' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack/fake*" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack/foo*" &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.idx &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake2.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake2.idx &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake3.keep &&
+	git gc &&
+	git count-objects -v 2>stderr &&
+	grep "^warning:" stderr | sort >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+warning: no corresponding .idx or .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake3.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.pack
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune .git/shallow' '
+	SHA1=$(echo hi|git commit-tree HEAD^{tree}) &&
+	echo $SHA1 >.git/shallow &&
+	git prune --dry-run >out &&
+	grep $SHA1 .git/shallow &&
+	grep $SHA1 out &&
+	git prune &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune: handle alternate object database' '
+	test_create_repo A &&
+	git -C A commit --allow-empty -m "initial commit" &&
+	git clone --shared A B &&
+	git -C B commit --allow-empty -m "next commit" &&
+	git -C B prune
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5305-include-tag.sh b/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
index b061864a87..f314ad5079 100755
--- a/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@
 test_description='git pack-object --include-tag'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-TRASH=`pwd`
+TRASH=$(pwd)
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo c >d &&
 	git update-index --add d &&
-	tree=`git write-tree` &&
-	commit=`git commit-tree $tree </dev/null` &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit=$(git commit-tree $tree </dev/null) &&
 	echo "object $commit" >sig &&
 	echo "type commit" >>sig &&
 	echo "tag mytag" >>sig &&
 	echo "tagger $(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT)" >>sig &&
 	echo >>sig &&
 	echo "our test tag" >>sig &&
-	tag=`git mktag <sig` &&
+	tag=$(git mktag <sig) &&
 	rm d sig &&
 	git update-ref refs/tags/mytag $tag && {
 		echo $tree &&
@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ test_expect_success 'unpack objects' '
 test_expect_success 'check unpacked result (have commit, no tag)' '
 	git rev-list --objects $commit >list.expect &&
 	(
-		GIT_DIR=clone.git &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail git cat-file -e $tag &&
+		test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=clone.git git cat-file -e $tag &&
 		git rev-list --objects $commit
 	) >list.actual &&
 	test_cmp list.expect list.actual
diff --git a/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9c5a8766ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='handling of duplicate objects in incoming packfiles'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
+
+# The sha1s we have in our pack. It's important that these have the same
+# starting byte, so that they end up in the same fanout section of the index.
+# That lets us make sure we are exercising the binary search with both sets.
+LO_SHA1=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+HI_SHA1=e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+
+# And here's a "missing sha1" which will produce failed lookups. It must also
+# be in the same fanout section, and should be between the two (so that during
+# our binary search, we are sure to end up looking at one or the other of the
+# duplicate runs).
+MISSING_SHA1='e69d000000000000000000000000000000000000'
+
+# git will never intentionally create packfiles with
+# duplicate objects, so we have to construct them by hand.
+#
+# $1 is the name of the packfile to create
+#
+# $2 is the number of times to duplicate each object
+create_pack () {
+	pack_header "$((2 * $2))" >"$1" &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 "$2"); do
+		pack_obj $LO_SHA1 &&
+		pack_obj $HI_SHA1
+	done >>"$1" &&
+	pack_trailer "$1"
+}
+
+# double-check that create_pack actually works
+test_expect_success 'pack with no duplicates' '
+	create_pack no-dups.pack 1 &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <no-dups.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack will allow duplicate objects by default' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	create_pack dups.pack 100 &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <dups.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create batch-check test vectors' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	$LO_SHA1
+	$HI_SHA1
+	$MISSING_SHA1
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-EOF
+	$LO_SHA1 blob 2
+	$HI_SHA1 blob 0
+	$MISSING_SHA1 missing
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup in duplicated pack (binary search)' '
+	git cat-file --batch-check <input >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup in duplicated pack (GIT_USE_LOOKUP)' '
+	(
+		GIT_USE_LOOKUP=1 &&
+		export GIT_USE_LOOKUP &&
+		git cat-file --batch-check <input >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack can reject packs with duplicates' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	create_pack dups.pack 2 &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --strict --stdin <dups.pack &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cat-file -e $LO_SHA1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh b/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3e7861b075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test index-pack handling of delta cycles in packfiles'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
+
+# Two similar-ish objects that we have computed deltas between.
+A=01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc
+B=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+
+# double-check our hand-constucted packs
+test_expect_success 'index-pack works with a single delta (A->B)' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B
+	} >ab.pack &&
+	pack_trailer ab.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ab.pack &&
+	git cat-file -t $A &&
+	git cat-file -t $B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack works with a single delta (B->A)' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A &&
+		pack_obj $B $A
+	} >ba.pack &&
+	pack_trailer ba.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ba.pack &&
+	git cat-file -t $A &&
+	git cat-file -t $B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack detects missing base objects' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 1 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B
+	} >missing.pack &&
+	pack_trailer missing.pack &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <missing.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack detects REF_DELTA cycles' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B $A
+	} >cycle.pack &&
+	pack_trailer cycle.pack &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <cycle.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'failover to an object in another pack' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ab.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin --fix-thin <cycle.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'failover to a duplicate object in the same pack' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 3 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B $A &&
+		pack_obj $A
+	} >recoverable.pack &&
+	pack_trailer recoverable.pack &&
+	git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <recoverable.pack
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3893afd687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='exercise basic bitmap functionality'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+objpath () {
+	echo ".git/objects/$(echo "$1" | sed -e 's|\(..\)|\1/|')"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with moderate-sized history' '
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 10); do
+		test_commit $i
+	done &&
+	git checkout -b other HEAD~5 &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 10); do
+		test_commit side-$i
+	done &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	blob=$(echo tagged-blob | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	git tag tagged-blob $blob &&
+	git config repack.writebitmaps true &&
+	git config pack.writebitmaphashcache true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'full repack creates bitmaps' '
+	git repack -ad &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/ | grep bitmap >output &&
+	test_line_count = 1 output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --test-bitmap verifies bitmaps' '
+	git rev-list --test-bitmap HEAD
+'
+
+rev_list_tests() {
+	state=$1
+
+	test_expect_success "counting commits via bitmap ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --count HEAD >expect &&
+		git rev-list --use-bitmap-index --count HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "counting partial commits via bitmap ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --count HEAD~5..HEAD >expect &&
+		git rev-list --use-bitmap-index --count HEAD~5..HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "counting commits with limit ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --count -n 1 HEAD >expect &&
+		git rev-list --use-bitmap-index --count -n 1 HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "counting non-linear history ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --count other...master >expect &&
+		git rev-list --use-bitmap-index --count other...master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "counting commits with limiting ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --count HEAD -- 1.t >expect &&
+		git rev-list --use-bitmap-index --count HEAD -- 1.t >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "enumerate --objects ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --objects --use-bitmap-index HEAD >tmp &&
+		cut -d" " -f1 <tmp >tmp2 &&
+		sort <tmp2 >actual &&
+		git rev-list --objects HEAD >tmp &&
+		cut -d" " -f1 <tmp >tmp2 &&
+		sort <tmp2 >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "bitmap --objects handles non-commit objects ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --objects --use-bitmap-index HEAD tagged-blob >actual &&
+		grep $blob actual
+	'
+}
+
+rev_list_tests 'full bitmap'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from bitmapped repository' '
+	git clone --no-local --bare . clone.git &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=clone.git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup further non-bitmapped commits' '
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 10); do
+		test_commit further-$i
+	done
+'
+
+rev_list_tests 'partial bitmap'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch (partial bitmap)' '
+	git --git-dir=clone.git fetch origin master:master &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=clone.git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incremental repack cannot create bitmaps' '
+	test_commit more-1 &&
+	find .git/objects/pack -name "*.bitmap" >expect &&
+	git repack -d &&
+	find .git/objects/pack -name "*.bitmap" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incremental repack can disable bitmaps' '
+	test_commit more-2 &&
+	git repack -d --no-write-bitmap-index
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'full repack, reusing previous bitmaps' '
+	git repack -ad &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/ | grep bitmap >output &&
+	test_line_count = 1 output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch (full bitmap)' '
+	git --git-dir=clone.git fetch origin master:master &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=clone.git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create objects for missing-HAVE tests' '
+	blob=$(echo "missing have" | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	tree=$(printf "100644 blob $blob\tfile\n" | git mktree) &&
+	parent=$(echo parent | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	commit=$(echo commit | git commit-tree $tree -p $parent) &&
+	cat >revs <<-EOF
+	HEAD
+	^HEAD^
+	^$commit
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack with missing blob' '
+	rm $(objpath $blob) &&
+	git pack-objects --stdout --revs <revs >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack with missing tree' '
+	rm $(objpath $tree) &&
+	git pack-objects --stdout --revs <revs >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack with missing parent' '
+	rm $(objpath $parent) &&
+	git pack-objects --stdout --revs <revs >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq JGIT '
+	type jgit
+'
+
+test_expect_success JGIT 'we can read jgit bitmaps' '
+	git clone . compat-jgit &&
+	(
+		cd compat-jgit &&
+		rm -f .git/objects/pack/*.bitmap &&
+		jgit gc &&
+		git rev-list --test-bitmap HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success JGIT 'jgit can read our bitmaps' '
+	git clone . compat-us &&
+	(
+		cd compat-us &&
+		git repack -adb &&
+		# jgit gc will barf if it does not like our bitmaps
+		jgit gc
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'splitting packs does not generate bogus bitmaps' '
+	test-genrandom foo $((1024 * 1024)) >rand &&
+	git add rand &&
+	git commit -m "commit with big file" &&
+	git -c pack.packSizeLimit=500k repack -adb &&
+	git init --bare no-bitmaps.git &&
+	git -C no-bitmaps.git fetch .. HEAD
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5311-pack-bitmaps-shallow.sh b/t/t5311-pack-bitmaps-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..872a95df33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5311-pack-bitmaps-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check bitmap operation with shallow repositories'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# We want to create a situation where the shallow, grafted
+# view of reachability does not match reality in a way that
+# might cause us to send insufficient objects.
+#
+# We do this with a history that repeats a state, like:
+#
+#      A    --   B    --   C
+#    file=1    file=2    file=1
+#
+# and then create a shallow clone to the second commit, B.
+# In a non-shallow clone, that would mean we already have
+# the tree for A. But in a shallow one, we've grafted away
+# A, and fetching A to B requires that the other side send
+# us the tree for file=1.
+test_expect_success 'setup shallow repo' '
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m orig &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git commit -a -m update &&
+	git clone --no-local --bare --depth=1 . shallow.git &&
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	git commit -a -m repeat
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn on bitmaps in the parent' '
+	git repack -adb
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow fetch from bitmapped repo' '
+	(cd shallow.git && git fetch)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh b/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..da9d59940d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='
+Test pruning of repositories with minor corruptions. The goal
+here is that we should always be erring on the side of safety. So
+if we see, for example, a ref with a bogus name, it is OK either to
+bail out or to proceed using it as a reachable tip, but it is _not_
+OK to proceed as if it did not exist. Otherwise we might silently
+delete objects that cannot be recovered.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'disable reflogs' '
+	git config core.logallrefupdates false &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create history reachable only from a bogus-named ref' '
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m master &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m bogus &&
+	bogus=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cat-file commit $bogus >saved &&
+	echo $bogus >.git/refs/heads/bogus..name &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pruning does not drop bogus object' '
+	test_when_finished "git hash-object -w -t commit saved" &&
+	test_might_fail git prune --expire=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put bogus object into pack' '
+	git tag reachable $bogus &&
+	git repack -ad &&
+	git tag -d reachable &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'destructive repack keeps packed object' '
+	test_might_fail git repack -Ad --unpack-unreachable=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus &&
+	test_might_fail git repack -ad &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+# subsequent tests will have different corruptions
+test_expect_success 'clean up bogus ref' '
+	rm .git/refs/heads/bogus..name
+'
+
+# We create two new objects here, "one" and "two". Our
+# master branch points to "two", which is deleted,
+# corrupting the repository. But we'd like to make sure
+# that the otherwise unreachable "one" is not pruned
+# (since it is the user's best bet for recovering
+# from the corruption).
+#
+# Note that we also point HEAD somewhere besides "two",
+# as we want to make sure we test the case where we
+# pick up the reference to "two" by iterating the refs,
+# not by resolving HEAD.
+test_expect_success 'create history with missing tip commit' '
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m one &&
+	recoverable=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cat-file commit $recoverable >saved &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m two &&
+	missing=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git checkout --detach $base &&
+	rm .git/objects/$(echo $missing | sed "s,..,&/,") &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -e $missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pruning with a corrupted tip does not drop history' '
+	test_when_finished "git hash-object -w -t commit saved" &&
+	test_might_fail git prune --expire=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $recoverable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not silently delete broken loose ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	echo $missing >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# we do not want to count on running pack-refs to
+# actually pack it, as it is perfectly reasonable to
+# skip processing a broken ref
+test_expect_success 'create packed-refs file with broken ref' '
+	rm -f .git/refs/heads/master &&
+	cat >.git/packed-refs <<-EOF &&
+	$missing refs/heads/master
+	$recoverable refs/heads/other
+	EOF
+	echo $missing >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not silently delete broken packed ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not drop broken refs during deletion' '
+	git update-ref -d refs/heads/other &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5313-pack-bounds-checks.sh b/t/t5313-pack-bounds-checks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a8a587abc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5313-pack-bounds-checks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='bounds-checking of access to mmapped on-disk file formats'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+clear_base () {
+	test_when_finished 'restore_base' &&
+	rm -f $base
+}
+
+restore_base () {
+	cp base-backup/* .git/objects/pack/
+}
+
+do_pack () {
+	pack_objects=$1; shift
+	sha1=$(
+		for i in $pack_objects
+		do
+			echo $i
+		done | git pack-objects "$@" .git/objects/pack/pack
+	) &&
+	pack=.git/objects/pack/pack-$sha1.pack &&
+	idx=.git/objects/pack/pack-$sha1.idx &&
+	chmod +w $pack $idx &&
+	test_when_finished 'rm -f "$pack" "$idx"'
+}
+
+munge () {
+	printf "$3" | dd of="$1" bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$2
+}
+
+# Offset in a v2 .idx to its initial and extended offset tables. For an index
+# with "nr" objects, this is:
+#
+#   magic(4) + version(4) + fan-out(4*256) + sha1s(20*nr) + crc(4*nr),
+#
+# for the initial, and another ofs(4*nr) past that for the extended.
+#
+ofs_table () {
+	echo $((4 + 4 + 4*256 + 20*$1 + 4*$1))
+}
+extended_table () {
+	echo $(($(ofs_table "$1") + 4*$1))
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'set up base packfile and variables' '
+	# the hash of this content starts with ff, which
+	# makes some later computations much simpler
+	echo 74 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	git repack -ad &&
+	base=$(echo .git/objects/pack/*) &&
+	chmod +w $base &&
+	mkdir base-backup &&
+	cp $base base-backup/ &&
+	object=$(git rev-parse HEAD:file)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack/index object count mismatch' '
+	do_pack $object &&
+	munge $pack 8 "\377\0\0\0" &&
+	clear_base &&
+
+	# We enumerate the objects from the completely-fine
+	# .idx, but notice later that the .pack is bogus
+	# and fail to show any data.
+	echo "$object missing" >expect &&
+	git cat-file --batch-all-objects --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	# ...and here fail to load the object (without segfaulting),
+	# but fallback to a good copy if available.
+	test_must_fail git cat-file blob $object &&
+	restore_base &&
+	git cat-file blob $object >actual &&
+	test_cmp file actual &&
+
+	# ...and make sure that index-pack --verify, which has its
+	# own reading routines, does not segfault.
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --verify $pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'matched bogus object count' '
+	do_pack $object &&
+	munge $pack 8 "\377\0\0\0" &&
+	munge $idx $((255 * 4)) "\377\0\0\0" &&
+	clear_base &&
+
+	# Unlike above, we should notice early that the .idx is totally
+	# bogus, and not even enumerate its contents.
+	>expect &&
+	git cat-file --batch-all-objects --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	# But as before, we can do the same object-access checks.
+	test_must_fail git cat-file blob $object &&
+	restore_base &&
+	git cat-file blob $object >actual &&
+	test_cmp file actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --verify $pack
+'
+
+# Note that we cannot check the fallback case for these
+# further .idx tests, as we notice the problem in functions
+# whose interface doesn't allow an error return (like use_pack()),
+# and thus we just die().
+#
+# There's also no point in doing enumeration tests, as
+# we are munging offsets here, which are about looking up
+# specific objects.
+
+test_expect_success 'bogus object offset (v1)' '
+	do_pack $object --index-version=1 &&
+	munge $idx $((4 * 256)) "\377\0\0\0" &&
+	clear_base &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file blob $object &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --verify $pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bogus object offset (v2, no msb)' '
+	do_pack $object --index-version=2 &&
+	munge $idx $(ofs_table 1) "\0\377\0\0" &&
+	clear_base &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file blob $object &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --verify $pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bogus offset into v2 extended table' '
+	do_pack $object --index-version=2 &&
+	munge $idx $(ofs_table 1) "\377\0\0\0" &&
+	clear_base &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file blob $object &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --verify $pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bogus offset inside v2 extended table' '
+	# We need two objects here, so we can plausibly require
+	# an extended table (if the first object were larger than 2^31).
+	do_pack "$object $(git rev-parse HEAD)" --index-version=2 &&
+
+	# We have to make extra room for the table, so we cannot
+	# just munge in place as usual.
+	{
+		dd if=$idx bs=1 count=$(($(ofs_table 2) + 4)) &&
+		printf "\200\0\0\0" &&
+		printf "\377\0\0\0\0\0\0\0" &&
+		dd if=$idx bs=1 skip=$(extended_table 2)
+	} >tmp &&
+	mv tmp "$idx" &&
+	clear_base &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file blob $object &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --verify $pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bogus OFS_DELTA in packfile' '
+	# Generate a pack with a delta in it.
+	base=$(test-genrandom foo 3000 | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+	delta=$(test-genrandom foo 2000 | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+	do_pack "$base $delta" --delta-base-offset &&
+	rm -f .git/objects/??/* &&
+
+	# Double check that we have the delta we expect.
+	echo $base >expect &&
+	echo $delta | git cat-file --batch-check="%(deltabase)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	# Now corrupt it. We assume the varint size for the delta is small
+	# enough to fit in the first byte (which it should be, since it
+	# is a pure deletion from the base), and that original ofs_delta
+	# takes 2 bytes (which it should, as it should be ~3000).
+	ofs=$(git show-index <$idx | grep $delta | cut -d" " -f1) &&
+	munge $pack $(($ofs + 1)) "\177\377" &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file blob $delta >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
index 0eace37a03..305ca7a930 100755
--- a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@ test_expect_success 'refuse pushing rewound head without --force' '
 	test "$victim_head" = "$pushed_head"
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-        'push can be used to delete a ref' '
+test_expect_success 'push can be used to delete a ref' '
 	( cd victim && git branch extra master ) &&
 	git send-pack ./victim :extra master &&
 	( cd victim &&
@@ -129,6 +128,18 @@ test_expect_success 'denyNonFastforwards trumps --force' '
 	test "$victim_orig" = "$victim_head"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'send-pack --all sends all branches' '
+	# make sure we have at least 2 branches with different
+	# values, just to be thorough
+	git branch other-branch HEAD^ &&
+
+	git init --bare all.git &&
+	git send-pack --all all.git &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads >expect &&
+	git -C all.git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'push --all excludes remote-tracking hierarchy' '
 	mkdir parent &&
 	(
@@ -145,6 +156,41 @@ test_expect_success 'push --all excludes remote-tracking hierarchy' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'receive-pack runs auto-gc in remote repo' '
+	rm -rf parent child &&
+	git init parent &&
+	(
+	    # Setup a repo with 2 packs
+	    cd parent &&
+	    echo "Some text" >file.txt &&
+	    git add . &&
+	    git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+	    git repack -adl &&
+	    echo "Some more text" >>file.txt &&
+	    git commit -a -m "Second commit" &&
+	    git repack
+	) &&
+	cp -R parent child &&
+	(
+	    # Set the child to auto-pack if more than one pack exists
+	    cd child &&
+	    git config gc.autopacklimit 1 &&
+	    git config gc.autodetach false &&
+	    git branch test_auto_gc &&
+	    # And create a file that follows the temporary object naming
+	    # convention for the auto-gc to remove
+	    : >.git/objects/tmp_test_object &&
+	    test-chmtime =-1209601 .git/objects/tmp_test_object
+	) &&
+	(
+	    cd parent &&
+	    echo "Even more text" >>file.txt &&
+	    git commit -a -m "Third commit" &&
+	    git send-pack ../child HEAD:refs/heads/test_auto_gc
+	) &&
+	test ! -e child/.git/objects/tmp_test_object
+'
+
 rewound_push_setup() {
 	rm -rf parent child &&
 	mkdir parent &&
@@ -161,19 +207,6 @@ rewound_push_setup() {
 	)
 }
 
-rewound_push_succeeded() {
-	cmp ../parent/.git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/master
-}
-
-rewound_push_failed() {
-	if rewound_push_succeeded
-	then
-		false
-	else
-		true
-	fi
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'pushing explicit refspecs respects forcing' '
 	rewound_push_setup &&
 	parent_orig=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
diff --git a/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh b/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh
index 17bcb0b040..7f278d8ce9 100755
--- a/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh
+++ b/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh
@@ -135,4 +135,17 @@ test_expect_success 'send-pack stderr contains hook messages' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pre-receive hook that forgets to read its input' '
+	write_script victim.git/hooks/pre-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	exit 0
+	EOF
+	rm -f victim.git/hooks/update victim.git/hooks/post-update &&
+
+	for v in $(test_seq 100 999)
+	do
+		git branch branch_$v master || return
+	done &&
+	git push ./victim.git "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh b/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh
index 1753ef2b91..fc898c9eac 100755
--- a/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right arguments with HEAD unchan
 	old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
-	test $old = $new -a $flag = 1
+	test $old = $new && test $flag = 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'post-checkout runs as expected ' '
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_expect_success 'post-checkout args are correct with git checkout -b ' '
 	old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
-	test $old = $new -a $flag = 1
+	test $old = $new && test $flag = 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args with HEAD changed ' '
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args with HEAD changed ' '
 	old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
-	test $old != $new -a $flag = 1
+	test $old != $new && test $flag = 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args when not switching branches ' '
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args when not switching br
 	old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
-	test $old = $new -a $flag = 0
+	test $old = $new && test $flag = 0
 '
 
 if test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = true; then
diff --git a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
index c24003565d..2b8c0bac7d 100755
--- a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
+++ b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare pushable branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed-success push returns error' '
-	test_must_fail git push
+	test_must_fail git push origin :
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tracking branches updated correctly after push' '
diff --git a/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh b/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
index baa670cea5..7a48236e87 100755
--- a/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ clear_hook_input () {
 }
 
 verify_hook_input () {
-	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.args expected.args &&
-	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.data expected.data
+	test_cmp expected.args "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.args &&
+	test_cmp expected.data "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.data
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'git commit --amend' '
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase' '
 	git add foo &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase --skip' '
 	git add foo &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase --skip the last one' '
 	test_must_fail git rebase --onto D A &&
 	git rebase --skip &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse E) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse E) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase -m' '
 	git add foo &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase -m --skip' '
 	git add foo &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -148,10 +148,10 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase -i (unchanged)' '
 	git add foo &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase -i (skip)' '
 	git add foo &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase -i (squash)' '
 	git add foo &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -189,10 +189,10 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase -i (fixup without conflict)' '
 	clear_hook_input &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i B &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
@@ -205,10 +205,27 @@ test_expect_success 'git rebase -i (double edit)' '
 	git add foo &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	echo rebase >expected.args &&
-	cat >expected.data <<EOF &&
-$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
-$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
-EOF
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
+	verify_hook_input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git rebase -i (exec)' '
+	git reset --hard D &&
+	clear_hook_input &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 exec_false 2" git rebase -i B &&
+	echo something >bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	# Fails because of exec false
+	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	echo rebase >expected.args &&
+	cat >expected.data <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse C) $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
+	$(git rev-parse D) $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
 	verify_hook_input
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh b/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e8737df6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='send-pack --stdin tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+create_ref () {
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	commit=$(echo "$1" | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	git update-ref "$1" $commit
+}
+
+clear_remote () {
+	rm -rf remote.git &&
+	git init --bare remote.git
+}
+
+verify_push () {
+	git rev-parse "$1" >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=remote.git rev-parse "${2:-$1}" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup refs' '
+	cat >refs <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/A
+	refs/heads/C
+	refs/tags/D
+	refs/heads/B
+	refs/tags/E
+	EOF
+	for i in $(cat refs); do
+		create_ref $i || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+# sanity check our setup
+test_expect_success 'refs on cmdline' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	git send-pack remote.git $(cat refs) &&
+	for i in $(cat refs); do
+		verify_push $i || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs over stdin' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	git send-pack remote.git --stdin <refs &&
+	for i in $(cat refs); do
+		verify_push $i || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin lines are full refspecs' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	echo "A:other" >input &&
+	git send-pack remote.git --stdin <input &&
+	verify_push refs/heads/A refs/heads/other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin mixed with cmdline' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	echo A >input &&
+	git send-pack remote.git --stdin B <input &&
+	verify_push A &&
+	verify_push B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cmdline refs written in order' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git A:foo B:foo &&
+	verify_push A foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin refs come after cmdline' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	echo A:foo >input &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git --stdin B:foo <input &&
+	verify_push B foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refspecs and --mirror do not mix (cmdline)' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git --mirror $(cat refs)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refspecs and --mirror do not mix (stdin)' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git --mirror --stdin <refs
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
index 9bf69e9a0f..82d913a6a8 100755
--- a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ test_description='Testing multi_ack pack fetching'
 add () {
 	name=$1 &&
 	text="$@" &&
-	branch=`echo $name | sed -e 's/^\(.\).*$/\1/'` &&
+	branch=$(echo $name | sed -e 's/^\(.\).*$/\1/') &&
 	parents="" &&
 
 	shift &&
@@ -50,18 +50,18 @@ pull_to_client () {
 			case "$heads" in *B*)
 			    echo $BTIP > .git/refs/heads/B;;
 			esac &&
-			git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/`echo $heads \
-				| sed -e "s/^\(.\).*$/\1/"` &&
+			git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/$(echo $heads \
+				| sed -e "s/^\(.\).*$/\1/") &&
 
 			git fsck --full &&
 
 			mv .git/objects/pack/pack-* . &&
-			p=`ls -1 pack-*.pack` &&
+			p=$(ls -1 pack-*.pack) &&
 			git unpack-objects <$p &&
 			git fsck --full &&
 
-			idx=`echo pack-*.idx` &&
-			pack_count=`git show-index <$idx | wc -l` &&
+			idx=$(echo pack-*.idx) &&
+			pack_count=$(git show-index <$idx | wc -l) &&
 			test $pack_count = $count &&
 			rm -f pack-*
 		)
@@ -114,8 +114,40 @@ pull_to_client 2nd "refs/heads/B" $((64*3))
 
 pull_to_client 3rd "refs/heads/A" $((1*3))
 
+test_expect_success 'single branch clone' '
+	git clone --single-branch "file://$(pwd)/." singlebranch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single branch object count' '
+	GIT_DIR=singlebranch/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack:" > count.singlebranch &&
+	echo "in-pack: 198" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected count.singlebranch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single given branch clone' '
+	git clone --single-branch --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." branch-a &&
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir=branch-a/.git rev-parse origin/B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1' '
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0 &&
+	test "$(git --git-dir=shallow0/.git rev-list --count HEAD)" = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1 with fsck' '
+	git config --global fetch.fsckobjects true &&
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0fsck &&
+	test "$(git --git-dir=shallow0fsck/.git rev-list --count HEAD)" = 1 &&
+	git config --global --unset fetch.fsckobjects
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow' '
-	git clone --depth 2 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 2 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "$(git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD)" = 2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
@@ -123,7 +155,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 18" count.shallow
+	grep "^in-pack: 12" count.shallow
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count (part 2)' '
@@ -227,7 +259,8 @@ test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 test_expect_success 'pull in shallow repo with missing merge base' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
-		test_must_fail git pull --depth 4 .. A
+		git fetch --depth 4 .. A
+		test_must_fail git merge --allow-unrelated-histories FETCH_HEAD
 	)
 '
 
@@ -240,12 +273,383 @@ test_expect_success 'additional simple shallow deepenings' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "$(git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD)" = 11
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
+		git prune &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^count: 52" count.shallow
+	grep "^count: 54" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --no-shallow on full repo' '
+	test_must_fail git fetch --noshallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --depth --no-shallow' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch --depth=1 --noshallow
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn shallow to complete repository' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch --unshallow &&
+		! test -f .git/shallow &&
+		git fsck --full
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow without --no-single-branch' '
+	git clone --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
+	(
+		cd shallow2 &&
+		git count-objects -v
+	) > count.shallow2 &&
+	grep "^in-pack: 3" count.shallow2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow with --branch' '
+	git clone --depth 1 --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." shallow3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
+	echo "in-pack: 3" > count3.expected &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow3/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack" > count3.actual &&
+	test_cmp count3.expected count3.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow with detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git clone --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow5 &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow5/.git git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^ >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow clone pulling tags' '
+	git tag -a -m A TAGA1 A &&
+	git tag -a -m B TAGB1 B &&
+	git tag TAGA2 A &&
+	git tag TAGB2 B &&
+	git clone --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow6 &&
+
+	cat >taglist.expected <<\EOF &&
+TAGB1
+TAGB2
+EOF
+	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
+	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
+
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count6.expected &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack" > count6.actual &&
+	test_cmp count6.expected count6.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow cloning single tag' '
+	git clone --depth 1 --branch=TAGB1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow7 &&
+	cat >taglist.expected <<\EOF &&
+TAGB1
+TAGB2
+EOF
+	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
+	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
+
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count7.expected &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack" > count7.actual &&
+	test_cmp count7.expected count7.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow with packed refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git clone --depth 1 --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." shallow8 &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count8.expected &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow8/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack" > count8.actual &&
+	test_cmp count8.expected count8.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch in shallow repo unreachable shallow objects' '
+	(
+		git clone --bare --branch B --single-branch "file://$(pwd)/." no-reflog &&
+		git clone --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/no-reflog" shallow9 &&
+		cd no-reflog &&
+		git tag -d TAGB1 TAGB2 &&
+		git update-ref refs/heads/B B~~ &&
+		git gc --prune=now &&
+		cd ../shallow9 &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git fsck --no-dangling
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'fetch creating new shallow root' '
+	(
+		git clone "file://$(pwd)/." shallow10 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
+		cd shallow10 &&
+		git fetch --depth=1 --progress 2>actual &&
+		# This should fetch only the empty commit, no tree or
+		# blob objects
+		grep "remote: Total 1" actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup tests for the --stdin parameter' '
+	for head in C D E F
+	do
+		add $head
+	done &&
+	for head in A B C D E F
+	do
+		git tag $head $head
+	done &&
+	cat >input <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/C
+	refs/heads/A
+	refs/heads/D
+	refs/tags/C
+	refs/heads/B
+	refs/tags/A
+	refs/heads/E
+	refs/tags/B
+	refs/tags/E
+	refs/tags/D
+	EOF
+	sort <input >expect &&
+	(
+		echo refs/heads/E &&
+		echo refs/tags/E &&
+		cat input
+	) >input.dup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch refs from cmdline' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --no-progress .. $(cat ../input)
+	) >output &&
+	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch refs from stdin' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --stdin --no-progress .. <../input
+	) >output &&
+	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch mixed refs from cmdline and stdin' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		tail -n +5 ../input |
+		git fetch-pack --stdin --no-progress .. $(head -n 4 ../input)
+	) >output &&
+	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test duplicate refs from stdin' '
+	(
+	cd client &&
+	git fetch-pack --stdin --no-progress .. <../input.dup
+	) >output &&
+	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up tests of missing reference' '
+	cat >expect-error <<-\EOF
+	error: no such remote ref refs/heads/xyzzy
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test lonely missing ref' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/xyzzy
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-m &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test missing ref after existing' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/A refs/heads/xyzzy
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-em &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-em
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test missing ref before existing' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/xyzzy refs/heads/A
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-me &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-me
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --all, --depth, and explicit head' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --no-progress --all --depth=1 .. refs/heads/A
+	) >out-adh 2>error-adh
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --all, --depth, and explicit tag' '
+	git tag OLDTAG refs/heads/B~5 &&
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --no-progress --all --depth=1 .. refs/tags/OLDTAG
+	) >out-adt 2>error-adt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow fetch with tags does not break the repository' '
+	mkdir repo1 &&
+	(
+		cd repo1 &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		test_commit 2 &&
+		test_commit 3 &&
+		mkdir repo2 &&
+		cd repo2 &&
+		git init &&
+		git fetch --depth=2 ../.git master:branch &&
+		git fsck
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch-pack can fetch a raw sha1' '
+	git init hidden &&
+	(
+		cd hidden &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		test_commit 2 &&
+		git update-ref refs/hidden/one HEAD^ &&
+		git config transfer.hiderefs refs/hidden &&
+		git config uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant true
+	) &&
+	git fetch-pack hidden $(git -C hidden rev-parse refs/hidden/one)
+'
+
+check_prot_path () {
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Diag: url=$1
+	Diag: protocol=$2
+	Diag: path=$3
+	EOF
+	git fetch-pack --diag-url "$1" | grep -v hostandport= >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+check_prot_host_port_path () {
+	case "$2" in
+		*ssh*)
+		pp=ssh
+		uah=userandhost
+		ehost=$(echo $3 | tr -d "[]")
+		diagport="Diag: port=$4"
+		;;
+		*)
+		pp=$p
+		uah=hostandport
+		ehost=$(echo $3$4 | sed -e "s/22$/:22/" -e "s/NONE//")
+		diagport=""
+		;;
+	esac
+	cat >exp <<-EOF &&
+	Diag: url=$1
+	Diag: protocol=$pp
+	Diag: $uah=$ehost
+	$diagport
+	Diag: path=$5
+	EOF
+	grep -v "^$" exp >expected
+	git fetch-pack --diag-url "$1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+for r in repo re:po re/po
+do
+	# git or ssh with scheme
+	for p in "ssh+git" "git+ssh" git ssh
+	do
+		for h in host user@host user@[::1] user@::1
+		do
+			for c in "" :
+			do
+				test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h$c/$r" '
+					check_prot_host_port_path $p://$h/$r $p "$h" NONE "/$r"
+				'
+				# "/~" -> "~" conversion
+				test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h$c/~$r" '
+					check_prot_host_port_path $p://$h/~$r $p "$h" NONE "~$r"
+				'
+			done
+		done
+		for h in host User@host User@[::1]
+		do
+			test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h:22/$r" '
+				check_prot_host_port_path $p://$h:22/$r $p "$h" 22 "/$r"
+			'
+		done
+	done
+	# file with scheme
+	for p in file
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p://$h/$r $p "/$r"
+		'
+		# No "/~" -> "~" conversion for file
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/~$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p://$h/~$r $p "/~$r"
+		'
+	done
+	# file without scheme
+	for h in nohost nohost:12 [::1] [::1]:23 [ [:aa
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url ./$h:$r" '
+			check_prot_path ./$h:$r $p "./$h:$r"
+		'
+		# No "/~" -> "~" conversion for file
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url ./$p:$h/~$r" '
+		check_prot_path ./$p:$h/~$r $p "./$p:$h/~$r"
+		'
+	done
+	#ssh without scheme
+	p=ssh
+	for h in host [::1]
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $h:$r" '
+			check_prot_host_port_path $h:$r $p "$h" NONE "$r"
+		'
+		# Do "/~" -> "~" conversion
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $h:/~$r" '
+			check_prot_host_port_path $h:/~$r $p "$h" NONE "~$r"
+		'
+	done
+done
+
+test_expect_success MINGW 'fetch-pack --diag-url file://c:/repo' '
+	check_prot_path file://c:/repo file c:/repo
+'
+test_expect_success MINGW 'fetch-pack --diag-url c:repo' '
+	check_prot_path c:repo file c:repo
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
index 60de2d6ede..4ca48f0276 100755
--- a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
+++ b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ test_description='test automatic tag following'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW; then
-	say "GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK not supported - skipping tests"
-fi
-
 # End state of the repository:
 #
 #         T - tag1          S - tag2
@@ -17,7 +13,7 @@ fi
 #     \   C - origin/cat    \
 #      origin/master         master
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo ichi >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -39,28 +35,35 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW setup '
 '
 
 U=UPLOAD_LOG
+UPATH="$(pwd)/$U"
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $A
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
+get_needs () {
+	test -s "$1" &&
+	perl -alne '
+		next unless $F[1] eq "upload-pack<";
+		last if $F[2] eq "0000";
+		print $F[2], " ", $F[3];
+	' "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
+test_expect_success "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
 	git tag -a -m tag1 tag1 $A &&
 	T=$(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 
@@ -72,30 +75,27 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
 	git checkout master
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $C
 want $T
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $C = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/cat) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
+test_expect_success "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo O >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -111,55 +111,49 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
 	S=$(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
-	git branch -D cat
-	rm -f $U
+test_expect_success 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
+	test_might_fail git branch -D cat &&
+	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		mkdir clone2 &&
 		cd clone2 &&
 		git init &&
 		git remote add origin .. &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh b/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
index 8341fc4d15..44f3d5fb28 100755
--- a/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
+++ b/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with transfer.fsckobjects' '
 	)
 '
 
+cat >exp <<EOF
+To dst
+!	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/test	[remote rejected] (missing necessary objects)
+EOF
+
 test_expect_success 'push without strict' '
 	rm -rf dst &&
 	git init dst &&
@@ -66,7 +71,8 @@ test_expect_success 'push without strict' '
 		git config fetch.fsckobjects false &&
 		git config transfer.fsckobjects false
 	) &&
-	git push dst master:refs/heads/test
+	test_must_fail git push --porcelain dst master:refs/heads/test >act &&
+	test_cmp exp act
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with !receive.fsckobjects' '
@@ -77,9 +83,15 @@ test_expect_success 'push with !receive.fsckobjects' '
 		git config receive.fsckobjects false &&
 		git config transfer.fsckobjects true
 	) &&
-	git push dst master:refs/heads/test
+	test_must_fail git push --porcelain dst master:refs/heads/test >act &&
+	test_cmp exp act
 '
 
+cat >exp <<EOF
+To dst
+!	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/test	[remote rejected] (unpacker error)
+EOF
+
 test_expect_success 'push with receive.fsckobjects' '
 	rm -rf dst &&
 	git init dst &&
@@ -88,7 +100,8 @@ test_expect_success 'push with receive.fsckobjects' '
 		git config receive.fsckobjects true &&
 		git config transfer.fsckobjects false
 	) &&
-	test_must_fail git push dst master:refs/heads/test
+	test_must_fail git push --porcelain dst master:refs/heads/test >act &&
+	test_cmp exp act
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with transfer.fsckobjects' '
@@ -98,7 +111,59 @@ test_expect_success 'push with transfer.fsckobjects' '
 		cd dst &&
 		git config transfer.fsckobjects true
 	) &&
-	test_must_fail git push dst master:refs/heads/test
+	test_must_fail git push --porcelain dst master:refs/heads/test >act &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+cat >bogus-commit <<\EOF
+tree 4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+author Bugs Bunny 1234567890 +0000
+committer Bugs Bunny <bugs@bun.ni> 1234567890 +0000
+
+This commit object intentionally broken
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push with receive.fsck.skipList' '
+	commit="$(git hash-object -t commit -w --stdin <bogus-commit)" &&
+	git push . $commit:refs/heads/bogus &&
+	rm -rf dst &&
+	git init dst &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git config receive.fsckObjects true &&
+	test_must_fail git push --porcelain dst bogus &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git config receive.fsck.skipList SKIP &&
+	echo $commit >dst/.git/SKIP &&
+	git push --porcelain dst bogus
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with receive.fsck.missingEmail=warn' '
+	commit="$(git hash-object -t commit -w --stdin <bogus-commit)" &&
+	git push . $commit:refs/heads/bogus &&
+	rm -rf dst &&
+	git init dst &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git config receive.fsckobjects true &&
+	test_must_fail git push --porcelain dst bogus &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git config \
+		receive.fsck.missingEmail warn &&
+	git push --porcelain dst bogus >act 2>&1 &&
+	grep "missingEmail" act &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git branch -D bogus &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git config --add \
+		receive.fsck.missingEmail ignore &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git config --add \
+		receive.fsck.badDate warn &&
+	git push --porcelain dst bogus >act 2>&1 &&
+	test_must_fail grep "missingEmail" act
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'receive.fsck.unterminatedHeader=warn triggers error' '
+	rm -rf dst &&
+	git init dst &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git config receive.fsckobjects true &&
+	git --git-dir=dst/.git config \
+		receive.fsck.unterminatedheader warn &&
+	test_must_fail git push --porcelain dst HEAD >act 2>&1 &&
+	grep "Cannot demote unterminatedheader" act
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index e8af615e6d..dd2e6ce34e 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -42,101 +42,142 @@ check_tracking_branch () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-
 	setup_repository one &&
 	setup_repository two &&
 	(
-		cd two && git branch another
+		cd two &&
+		git branch another
 	) &&
 	git clone one test
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'add remote whose URL agrees with url.<...>.insteadOf' '
+	test_config url.git@host.com:team/repo.git.insteadOf myremote &&
+	git remote add myremote git@host.com:team/repo.git
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remote information for the origin' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
-)
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remote information for the origin' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add another remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	git remote add -f second ../two &&
-	tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_remote_track second master side another &&
-	check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
-	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
-	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
-	    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
-	>expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote add -f second ../two &&
+		tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
+		git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+		sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
+		    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
+		>expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'check remote-tracking' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		check_remote_track second master side another
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remote forces tracking branches' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	case `git config remote.second.fetch` in
-	+*) true ;;
-	 *) false ;;
-	esac
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		case $(git config remote.second.fetch) in
+		+*) true ;;
+		 *) false ;;
+		esac
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
-	git remote rm second
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
+		git remote rm second
+	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
-	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
-	>expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-)
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remove remote' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+		sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
+		>expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove remote protects local branches' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	{ cat >expect1 <<EOF
-Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
-to delete it, use:
-  git branch -d master
-EOF
-	} &&
-	{ cat >expect2 <<EOF
-Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
-to delete them, use:
-  git branch -d foobranch
-  git branch -d master
-EOF
-	} &&
-	git tag footag &&
-	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote rm oops 2>actual1 &&
-	git branch foobranch &&
-	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
-	git branch -d foobranch &&
-	git tag -d footag &&
-	test_cmp expect1 actual1 &&
-	test_cmp expect2 actual2
-)
-'
-
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		cat >expect1 <<-\EOF &&
+		Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
+		to delete it, use:
+		  git branch -d master
+		EOF
+		cat >expect2 <<-\EOF &&
+		Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
+		to delete them, use:
+		  git branch -d foobranch
+		  git branch -d master
+		EOF
+		git tag footag &&
+		git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+		git remote remove oops 2>actual1 &&
+		git branch foobranch &&
+		git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+		git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
+		git branch -d foobranch &&
+		git tag -d footag &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect1 actual1 &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect2 actual2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove errors out early when deleting non-existent branch' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		echo "fatal: No such remote: foo" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git remote rm foo 2>actual &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename errors out early when deleting non-existent branch' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		echo "fatal: No such remote: foo" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git remote rename foo bar 2>actual &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add existing foreign_vcs remote' '
+	test_config remote.foo.vcs bar &&
+	echo "fatal: remote foo already exists." >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git remote add foo bar 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add existing foreign_vcs remote' '
+	test_config remote.foo.vcs bar &&
+	test_config remote.bar.vcs bar &&
+	echo "fatal: remote bar already exists." >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git remote rename foo bar 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
   Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
@@ -157,45 +198,47 @@ cat > test/expect << EOF
 * remote two
   Fetch URL: ../two
   Push  URL: ../three
-  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):
-    another
-    master
+  HEAD branch: master
   Local refs configured for 'git push':
     ahead  forces to master  (fast-forwardable)
     master pushes to another (up to date)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'show' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
-	 git fetch &&
-	 git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
-	 echo 1 >> file &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m update file &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
-	 git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
-	 git branch -d -r origin/master &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
-	 git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
-	 git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
-	 (cd ../one &&
-	  echo 1 > file &&
-	  test_tick &&
-	  git commit -m update file) &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
-	 git remote show origin two > output &&
-	 git branch -d rebase octopus &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-'
-
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
+		echo 1 >>file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m update file &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
+		git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
+		git branch -d -r origin/master &&
+		git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
+		git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
+		git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
+		git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
+		(
+			cd ../one &&
+			echo 1 >file &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m update file
+		) &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
+		git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
+		git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
+		git remote show origin two >output &&
+		git branch -d rebase octopus &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
   Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
@@ -213,152 +256,183 @@ cat > test/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'show -n' '
-	(mv one one.unreachable &&
-	 cd test &&
-	 git remote show -n origin > output &&
-	 mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	mv one one.unreachable &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote show -n origin >output &&
+		mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prune' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git fetch origin &&
-	 git remote prune origin &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side side2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git remote prune origin &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head --delete' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
-	 git remote set-head --delete origin &&
-	 test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
+		git remote set-head --delete origin &&
+		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head --auto' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote set-head --auto origin &&
-	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote set-head --auto origin &&
+		echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
 	)
 '
 
-cat >test/expect <<EOF
-error: Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:
-  git remote set-head two another
-  git remote set-head two master
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'set-head --auto fails w/multiple HEADs' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
-	test_cmp expect output)
+test_expect_success 'set-head --auto has no problem w/multiple HEADs' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git fetch two "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/two/*" &&
+		git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
+		echo "two/HEAD set to master" >expect &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat >test/expect <<EOF
+cat >test/expect <<\EOF
 refs/remotes/origin/side2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head explicit' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote set-head origin side2 &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
-	 git remote set-head origin master &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote set-head origin side2 &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+		git remote set-head origin master &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 Pruning origin
 URL: $(pwd)/one
  * [would prune] origin/side2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'prune --dry-run' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote prune --dry-run origin > output &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	(cd ../one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote prune --dry-run origin >output &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+	(
+		cd ../one &&
+		git branch -m side side2) &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror && prune' '
-	(mkdir mirror &&
-	 cd mirror &&
-	 git init --bare &&
-	 git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one) &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
-	(cd mirror &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
-	 git fetch origin &&
-	 git remote prune origin &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side)
+	mkdir mirror &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git init --bare &&
+		git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git remote prune origin &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror=fetch' '
 	mkdir mirror-fetch &&
 	git init mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 test_commit one) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
 	git init --bare mirror-fetch/child &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=fetch -f parent ../parent)
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git remote add --mirror=fetch -f parent ../parent
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors act as mirrors during fetch' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git branch new &&
-	 git branch -m master renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git branch new &&
+		git branch -m master renamed
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git fetch parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git fetch parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors can prune' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git remote prune parent &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git remote prune parent &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors do not act as mirrors during push' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git checkout HEAD^0
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git push parent
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
+		git push parent :
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add fetch mirror with specific branches' '
 	git init --bare mirror-fetch/track &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/track &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=fetch -t heads/new parent ../parent
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/track &&
+		git remote add --mirror=fetch -t heads/new parent ../parent
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirror respects specific branches' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/track &&
-	 git fetch parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/track &&
+		git fetch parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
 	)
 '
 
@@ -366,60 +440,72 @@ test_expect_success 'add --mirror=push' '
 	mkdir mirror-push &&
 	git init --bare mirror-push/public &&
 	git init mirror-push/private &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 test_commit one &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=push public ../public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git remote add --mirror=push public ../public
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors act as mirrors during push' '
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git branch new &&
-	 git branch -m master renamed &&
-	 git push public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git branch new &&
+		git branch -m master renamed &&
+		git push public
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors do not act as mirrors during fetch' '
-	(cd mirror-push/public &&
-	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/public &&
+		git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/renamed2
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git fetch public &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git fetch public &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors do not allow you to specify refs' '
 	git init mirror-push/track &&
-	(cd mirror-push/track &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote add --mirror=push -t new public ../public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/track &&
+		test_must_fail git remote add --mirror=push -t new public ../public
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add alt && prune' '
-	(mkdir alttst &&
-	 cd alttst &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
-	 git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
-	 git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*") &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	(cd alttst &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 git fetch alt &&
-	 git remote prune alt &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+	mkdir alttst &&
+	(
+		cd alttst &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+		git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
+		git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side side2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd alttst &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		git fetch alt &&
+		git remote prune alt &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2
+	)
 '
 
 cat >test/expect <<\EOF
@@ -427,20 +513,24 @@ some-tag
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add with reachable tags (default)' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 >foobar &&
-	 git add foobar &&
-	 git commit -m "Foobar" &&
-	 git tag -a -m "Foobar tag" foobar-tag &&
-	 git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
-	 git tag -a -m "Some tag" some-tag) &&
-	(mkdir add-tags &&
-	 cd add-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
-	 test_must_fail git config remote.origin.tagopt) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		>foobar &&
+		git add foobar &&
+		git commit -m "Foobar" &&
+		git tag -a -m "Foobar tag" foobar-tag &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
+		git tag -a -m "Some tag" some-tag
+	) &&
+	mkdir add-tags &&
+	(
+		cd add-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
+		test_must_fail git config remote.origin.tagopt
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
@@ -451,14 +541,16 @@ foobar-tag
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add --tags' '
-	(rm -rf add-tags &&
-	 mkdir add-tags &&
-	 cd add-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f --tags origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
-	 git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output) &&
+	rm -rf add-tags &&
+	(
+		mkdir add-tags &&
+		cd add-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f --tags origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
+		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
@@ -467,25 +559,31 @@ cat >test/expect <<\EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add --no-tags' '
-	(rm -rf add-tags &&
-	 mkdir add-no-tags &&
-	 cd add-no-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output) &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git tag -d some-tag foobar-tag) &&
+	rm -rf add-tags &&
+	(
+		mkdir add-no-tags &&
+		cd add-no-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
+		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git tag -d some-tag foobar-tag
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject --no-no-tags' '
-	(cd add-no-tags &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote add -f --no-no-tags neworigin ../one)
+	(
+		cd add-no-tags &&
+		test_must_fail git remote add -f --no-no-tags neworigin ../one
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   apis/master
   apis/side
   drosophila/another
@@ -494,17 +592,17 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 git remote add drosophila ../two &&
-	 git remote add apis ../mirror &&
-	 git remote update &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git remote add drosophila ../two &&
+		git remote add apis ../mirror &&
+		git remote update &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   drosophila/another
   drosophila/master
   drosophila/side
@@ -515,34 +613,40 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update with arguments' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
-	 git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
-	 git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
-	 git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
-	 git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
+		done &&
+		git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
+		git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
+		git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
+		git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
+		git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update --prune' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side3) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote update --prune &&
-	 (cd ../one && git branch -m side3 side2) &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side3
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote update --prune &&
+		(
+			cd ../one &&
+			git branch -m side3 side2
+		) &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<-\EOF
   apis/master
   apis/side
   manduca/master
@@ -552,176 +656,204 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update default' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
-	 git remote update default &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
+		done &&
+		git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
+		git remote update default &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   drosophila/another
   drosophila/master
   drosophila/side
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update default (overridden, with funny whitespace)' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
-	 git remote update default &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
+		done &&
+		git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
+		git remote update default &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update (with remotes.default defined)' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
-	 git remote update &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
+		done &&
+		git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
+		git remote update &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"remote show" does not show symbolic refs' '
-
 	git clone one three &&
-	(cd three &&
-	 git remote show origin > output &&
-	 ! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
-	 ! grep -i stale < output)
-
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git remote show origin >output &&
+		! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
+		! grep -i stale < output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject adding remote with an invalid name' '
-
 	test_must_fail git remote add some:url desired-name
-
 '
 
 # The first three test if the tracking branches are properly renamed,
 # the last two ones check if the config is updated.
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote' '
-
 	git clone one four &&
-	(cd four &&
-	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
-	 rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
-	 test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
-	 test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
-	 test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream")
-
+	(
+		cd four &&
+		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
+		test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
+		test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
+		test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename does not update a non-default fetch refspec' '
-
 	git clone one four.one &&
-	(cd four.one &&
-	 git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/* &&
-	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/*" &&
-	 git rev-parse -q origin/master)
-
+	(
+		cd four.one &&
+		git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/* &&
+		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/*" &&
+		git rev-parse -q origin/master
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote with name part of fetch spec' '
-
 	git clone one four.two &&
-	(cd four.two &&
-	 git remote rename origin remote &&
-	 git remote rename remote upstream &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*")
-
+	(
+		cd four.two &&
+		git remote rename origin remote &&
+		git remote rename remote upstream &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote with name prefix of other remote' '
-
 	git clone one four.three &&
-	(cd four.three &&
-	 git remote add o git://example.com/repo.git &&
-	 git remote rename o upstream &&
-	 test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)")
-
+	(
+		cd four.three &&
+		git remote add o git://example.com/repo.git &&
+		git remote rename o upstream &&
+		test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)"
+	)
 '
 
-cat > remotes_origin << EOF
+cat >remotes_origin <<EOF
 URL: $(pwd)/one
 Push: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+Push: refs/heads/next:refs/heads/upstream2
 Pull: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+Pull: refs/heads/next:refs/heads/origin2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/remotes' '
 	git clone one five &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
-	(cd five &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
-	 mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
-	 cat ../remotes_origin > .git/remotes/origin &&
-	 git remote rename origin origin &&
-	 ! test -f .git/remotes/origin &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+	(
+		cd five &&
+		git remote remove origin &&
+		mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+		cat ../remotes_origin >.git/remotes/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/remotes/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+		cat >push_expected <<-\EOF &&
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+		refs/heads/next:refs/heads/upstream2
+		EOF
+		cat >fetch_expected <<-\EOF &&
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+		refs/heads/next:refs/heads/origin2
+		EOF
+		git config --get-all remote.origin.push >push_actual &&
+		git config --get-all remote.origin.fetch >fetch_actual &&
+		test_cmp push_expected push_actual &&
+		test_cmp fetch_expected fetch_actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches' '
 	git clone one six &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
-	(cd six &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
-	 echo "$origin_url" > .git/branches/origin &&
-	 git remote rename origin origin &&
-	 ! test -f .git/branches/origin &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+	(
+		cd six &&
+		git remote rm origin &&
+		echo "$origin_url" >.git/branches/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "HEAD:refs/heads/master"
+	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remote prune to cause a dangling symref' '
+test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches (2)' '
 	git clone one seven &&
 	(
+		cd seven &&
+		git remote rm origin &&
+		echo "quux#foom" > .git/branches/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "quux" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/foom:refs/heads/origin"
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "HEAD:refs/heads/foom"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote prune to cause a dangling symref' '
+	git clone one eight &&
+	(
 		cd one &&
 		git checkout side2 &&
 		git branch -D master
 	) &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		git remote prune origin
 	) >err 2>&1 &&
-	grep "has become dangling" err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has become dangling" err &&
 
 	: And the dangling symref will not cause other annoying errors &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		git branch -a
 	) 2>err &&
 	! grep "points nowhere" err &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		test_must_fail git branch nomore origin
 	) 2>err &&
 	grep "dangling symref" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show empty remote' '
-
 	test_create_repo empty &&
 	git clone empty empty-clone &&
 	(
@@ -825,6 +957,28 @@ test_expect_success 'new remote' '
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+get_url_test () {
+	cat >expect &&
+	git remote get-url "$@" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'get-url on new remote' '
+	echo foo | get_url_test someremote &&
+	echo foo | get_url_test --all someremote &&
+	echo foo | get_url_test --push someremote &&
+	echo foo | get_url_test --push --all someremote
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url with locked config' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/config.lock" &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >expect &&
+	>.git/config.lock &&
+	test_must_fail git remote set-url someremote baz &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'remote set-url bar' '
 	git remote set-url someremote bar &&
 	echo bar >expect &&
@@ -867,6 +1021,13 @@ test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push zot' '
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'get-url with different urls' '
+	echo baz | get_url_test someremote &&
+	echo baz | get_url_test --all someremote &&
+	echo zot | get_url_test --push someremote &&
+	echo zot | get_url_test --push --all someremote
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push qux zot' '
 	git remote set-url --push someremote qux zot &&
 	echo qux >expect &&
@@ -901,6 +1062,14 @@ test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push --add aaa' '
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'get-url on multi push remote' '
+	echo foo | get_url_test --push someremote &&
+	get_url_test --push --all someremote <<-\EOF
+	foo
+	aaa
+	EOF
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push bar aaa' '
 	git remote set-url --push someremote bar aaa &&
 	echo foo >expect &&
@@ -945,6 +1114,14 @@ test_expect_success 'remote set-url --add bbb' '
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'get-url on multi fetch remote' '
+	echo baz | get_url_test someremote &&
+	get_url_test --all someremote <<-\EOF
+	baz
+	bbb
+	EOF
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'remote set-url --delete .*' '
 	test_must_fail git remote set-url --delete someremote .\* &&
 	echo "YYY" >expect &&
@@ -997,4 +1174,32 @@ test_expect_success 'remote set-url --delete baz' '
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'extra args: setup' '
+	# add a dummy origin so that this does not trigger failure
+	git remote add origin .
+'
+
+test_extra_arg () {
+	test_expect_success "extra args: $*" "
+		test_must_fail git remote $* bogus_extra_arg 2>actual &&
+		grep '^usage:' actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_extra_arg add nick url
+test_extra_arg rename origin newname
+test_extra_arg remove origin
+test_extra_arg set-head origin master
+# set-branches takes any number of args
+test_extra_arg get-url origin newurl
+test_extra_arg set-url origin newurl oldurl
+# show takes any number of args
+# prune takes any number of args
+# update takes any number of args
+
+test_expect_success 'add remote matching the "insteadOf" URL' '
+	git config url.xyz@example.com.insteadOf backup &&
+	git remote add backup xyz@example.com
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5506-remote-groups.sh b/t/t5506-remote-groups.sh
index 530b01678e..83d5558c0e 100755
--- a/t/t5506-remote-groups.sh
+++ b/t/t5506-remote-groups.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ update_repos() {
 }
 
 repo_fetched() {
-	if test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s $1 --`" = "`cat mark`"; then
+	if test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s $1 --)" = "$(cat mark)"; then
 		echo >&2 "repo was fetched: $1"
 		return 0
 	fi
diff --git a/t/t5507-remote-environment.sh b/t/t5507-remote-environment.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e6149295b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5507-remote-environment.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check environment showed to remote side of transports'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'set up "remote" push situation' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	git config push.default current &&
+	git init remote
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up fake ssh' '
+	GIT_SSH_COMMAND="f() {
+		cd \"\$TRASH_DIRECTORY\" &&
+		eval \"\$2\"
+	}; f" &&
+	export GIT_SSH_COMMAND &&
+	export TRASH_DIRECTORY
+'
+
+# due to receive.denyCurrentBranch=true
+test_expect_success 'confirm default push fails' '
+	test_must_fail git push remote
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config does not travel over same-machine push' '
+	test_must_fail git -c receive.denyCurrentBranch=false push remote
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config does not travel over ssh push' '
+	test_must_fail git -c receive.denyCurrentBranch=false push host:remote
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5509-fetch-push-namespaces.sh b/t/t5509-fetch-push-namespaces.sh
index cc0b31f6b0..bc44ac36d5 100755
--- a/t/t5509-fetch-push-namespaces.sh
+++ b/t/t5509-fetch-push-namespaces.sh
@@ -82,4 +82,45 @@ test_expect_success 'mirroring a repository using a ref namespace' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'hide namespaced refs with transfer.hideRefs' '
+	GIT_NAMESPACE=namespace \
+		git -C pushee -c transfer.hideRefs=refs/tags \
+		ls-remote "ext::git %s ." >actual &&
+	printf "$commit1\trefs/heads/master\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check that transfer.hideRefs does not match unstripped refs' '
+	GIT_NAMESPACE=namespace \
+		git -C pushee -c transfer.hideRefs=refs/namespaces/namespace/refs/tags \
+		ls-remote "ext::git %s ." >actual &&
+	printf "$commit1\trefs/heads/master\n" >expected &&
+	printf "$commit0\trefs/tags/0\n" >>expected &&
+	printf "$commit1\trefs/tags/1\n" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide full refs with transfer.hideRefs' '
+	GIT_NAMESPACE=namespace \
+		git -C pushee -c transfer.hideRefs="^refs/namespaces/namespace/refs/tags" \
+		ls-remote "ext::git %s ." >actual &&
+	printf "$commit1\trefs/heads/master\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'try to update a hidden ref' '
+	test_config -C pushee transfer.hideRefs refs/heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git -C original push pushee-namespaced master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'try to update a ref that is not hidden' '
+	test_config -C pushee transfer.hideRefs refs/namespaces/namespace/refs/heads/master &&
+	git -C original push pushee-namespaced master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'try to update a hidden full ref' '
+	test_config -C pushee transfer.hideRefs "^refs/namespaces/namespace/refs/heads/master" &&
+	test_must_fail git -C original push pushee-namespaced master
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index e88dbd50f3..454d896390 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -7,13 +7,21 @@ test_description='Per branch config variables affects "git fetch".
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-D=`pwd`
+D=$(pwd)
 
 test_bundle_object_count () {
 	git verify-pack -v "$1" >verify.out &&
 	test "$2" = $(grep '^[0-9a-f]\{40\} ' verify.out | wc -l)
 }
 
+convert_bundle_to_pack () {
+	while read x && test -n "$x"
+	do
+		:;
+	done
+	cat
+}
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo >file original &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -56,8 +64,8 @@ test_expect_success "fetch test" '
 	cd two &&
 	git fetch &&
 	test -f .git/refs/heads/one &&
-	mine=`git rev-parse refs/heads/one` &&
-	his=`cd ../one && git rev-parse refs/heads/master` &&
+	mine=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/one) &&
+	his=$(cd ../one && git rev-parse refs/heads/master) &&
 	test "z$mine" = "z$his"
 '
 
@@ -67,11 +75,11 @@ test_expect_success "fetch test for-merge" '
 	git fetch &&
 	test -f .git/refs/heads/two &&
 	test -f .git/refs/heads/one &&
-	master_in_two=`cd ../two && git rev-parse master` &&
-	one_in_two=`cd ../two && git rev-parse one` &&
+	master_in_two=$(cd ../two && git rev-parse master) &&
+	one_in_two=$(cd ../two && git rev-parse one) &&
 	{
-		echo "$master_in_two	not-for-merge"
 		echo "$one_in_two	"
+		echo "$master_in_two	not-for-merge"
 	} >expected &&
 	cut -f -2 .git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual'
@@ -80,7 +88,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch --prune on its own works as expected' '
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone . prune &&
 	cd prune &&
-	git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch master &&
 
 	git fetch --prune origin &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse origin/extrabranch
@@ -90,7 +98,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch --prune with a branch name keeps branches' '
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone . prune-branch &&
 	cd prune-branch &&
-	git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch master &&
 
 	git fetch --prune origin master &&
 	git rev-parse origin/extrabranch
@@ -105,25 +113,65 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch --prune with a namespace keeps other namespaces' '
 	git rev-parse origin/master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags does not delete the remote-tracking branches' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune handles overlapping refspecs' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git update-ref refs/pull/42/head master &&
+	git clone . prune-overlapping &&
+	cd prune-overlapping &&
+	git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/pull/*/head:refs/remotes/origin/pr/* &&
+
+	git fetch --prune origin &&
+	git rev-parse origin/master &&
+	git rev-parse origin/pr/42 &&
+
+	git config --unset-all remote.origin.fetch &&
+	git config remote.origin.fetch refs/pull/*/head:refs/remotes/origin/pr/* &&
+	git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
+
+	git fetch --prune origin &&
+	git rev-parse origin/master &&
+	git rev-parse origin/pr/42
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags prunes branches but not tags' '
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone . prune-tags &&
 	cd prune-tags &&
-	git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/tags/sometag &&
+	git tag sometag master &&
+	# Create what looks like a remote-tracking branch from an earlier
+	# fetch that has since been deleted from the remote:
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/fake-remote master &&
 
 	git fetch --prune --tags origin &&
 	git rev-parse origin/master &&
-	test_must_fail git rev-parse somebranch
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse origin/fake-remote &&
+	git rev-parse sometag
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags with branch does not delete other remote-tracking branches' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags with branch does not prune other things' '
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone . prune-tags-branch &&
 	cd prune-tags-branch &&
-	git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch &&
+	git tag sometag master &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch master &&
 
 	git fetch --prune --tags origin master &&
-	git rev-parse origin/extrabranch
+	git rev-parse origin/extrabranch &&
+	git rev-parse sometag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags with refspec prunes based on refspec' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone . prune-tags-refspec &&
+	cd prune-tags-refspec &&
+	git tag sometag master &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/foo/otherbranch master &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch master &&
+
+	git fetch --prune --tags origin refs/heads/foo/*:refs/remotes/origin/foo/* &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/foo/otherbranch &&
+	git rev-parse origin/extrabranch &&
+	git rev-parse sometag
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch tags when there is no tags' '
@@ -154,6 +202,36 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch following tags' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fetch uses remote ref names to describe new refs' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git init descriptive &&
+	(
+		cd descriptive &&
+		git config remote.o.url .. &&
+		git config remote.o.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/crazyheads/*" &&
+		git config --add remote.o.fetch "refs/others/*:refs/heads/*" &&
+		git fetch o
+	) &&
+	git tag -a -m "Descriptive tag" descriptive-tag &&
+	git branch descriptive-branch &&
+	git checkout descriptive-branch &&
+	echo "Nuts" >crazy &&
+	git add crazy &&
+	git commit -a -m "descriptive commit" &&
+	git update-ref refs/others/crazy HEAD &&
+	(
+		cd descriptive &&
+		git fetch o 2>actual &&
+		grep " -> refs/crazyheads/descriptive-branch$" actual |
+		test_i18ngrep "new branch" &&
+		grep " -> descriptive-tag$" actual |
+		test_i18ngrep "new tag" &&
+		grep " -> crazy$" actual |
+		test_i18ngrep "new ref"
+	) &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'fetch must not resolve short tag name' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
@@ -206,13 +284,7 @@ test_expect_success 'unbundle 1' '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle 1 has only 3 files ' '
 	cd "$D" &&
-	(
-		while read x && test -n "$x"
-		do
-			:;
-		done
-		cat
-	) <bundle1 >bundle.pack &&
+	convert_bundle_to_pack <bundle1 >bundle.pack &&
 	git index-pack bundle.pack &&
 	test_bundle_object_count bundle.pack 3
 '
@@ -229,13 +301,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bundle does not prerequisite objects' '
 	git add file2 &&
 	git commit -m add.file2 file2 &&
 	git bundle create bundle3 -1 HEAD &&
-	(
-		while read x && test -n "$x"
-		do
-			:;
-		done
-		cat
-	) <bundle3 >bundle.pack &&
+	convert_bundle_to_pack <bundle3 >bundle.pack &&
 	git index-pack bundle.pack &&
 	test_bundle_object_count bundle.pack 3
 '
@@ -248,42 +314,6 @@ test_expect_success 'bundle should be able to create a full history' '
 
 '
 
-! rsync --help > /dev/null 2> /dev/null &&
-say 'Skipping rsync tests because rsync was not found' || {
-test_expect_success 'fetch via rsync' '
-	git pack-refs &&
-	mkdir rsynced &&
-	(cd rsynced &&
-	 git init --bare &&
-	 git fetch "rsync:$(pwd)/../.git" master:refs/heads/master &&
-	 git gc --prune &&
-	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
-	 git fsck --full)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push via rsync' '
-	mkdir rsynced2 &&
-	(cd rsynced2 &&
-	 git init) &&
-	(cd rsynced &&
-	 git push "rsync:$(pwd)/../rsynced2/.git" master) &&
-	(cd rsynced2 &&
-	 git gc --prune &&
-	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
-	 git fsck --full)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push via rsync' '
-	mkdir rsynced3 &&
-	(cd rsynced3 &&
-	 git init) &&
-	git push --all "rsync:$(pwd)/rsynced3/.git" &&
-	(cd rsynced3 &&
-	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
-	 git fsck --full)
-'
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'fetch with a non-applying branch.<name>.merge' '
 	git config branch.master.remote yeti &&
 	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/bigfoot &&
@@ -344,29 +374,75 @@ test_expect_success 'bundle should record HEAD correctly' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should not update tracking' '
+test_expect_success 'mark initial state of origin/master' '
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git tag base-origin-master refs/remotes/origin/master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should update tracking' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git fetch origin master &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'explicit pull should not update tracking' '
+test_expect_success 'explicit pull should update tracking' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git pull origin master &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit --refmap is allowed only with command-line refspec' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch --refmap="*:refs/remotes/none/*"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit --refmap option overrides remote.*.fetch' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git branch -f side &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch --refmap="refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/other/*" origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/other/master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicitly empty --refmap option disables remote.*.fetch' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git branch -f side &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch --refmap="" origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		test "$o" = "$n" &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
 	)
@@ -378,6 +454,7 @@ test_expect_success 'configured fetch updates tracking' '
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git fetch origin &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
@@ -386,6 +463,22 @@ test_expect_success 'configured fetch updates tracking' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'non-matching refspecs do not confuse tracking update' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git update-ref refs/odd/location HEAD &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.fetch \
+			refs/odd/location:refs/remotes/origin/odd &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/odd
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'pushing nonexistent branch by mistake should not segv' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
@@ -433,14 +526,166 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch --dry-run' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success "should be able to fetch with duplicate refspecs" '
-        mkdir dups &&
-        cd dups &&
-        git init &&
-        git config branch.master.remote three &&
-        git config remote.three.url ../three/.git &&
-        git config remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
-        git config --add remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
-        git fetch three
+	mkdir dups &&
+	(
+		cd dups &&
+		git init &&
+		git config branch.master.remote three &&
+		git config remote.three.url ../three/.git &&
+		git config remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
+		git config --add remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
+		git fetch three
+	)
+'
+
+# configured prune tests
+
+set_config_tristate () {
+	# var=$1 val=$2
+	case "$2" in
+	unset)  test_unconfig "$1" ;;
+	*)	git config "$1" "$2" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+test_configured_prune () {
+	fetch_prune=$1 remote_origin_prune=$2 cmdline=$3 expected=$4
+
+	test_expect_success "prune fetch.prune=$1 remote.origin.prune=$2${3:+ $3}; $4" '
+		# make sure a newbranch is there in . and also in one
+		git branch -f newbranch &&
+		(
+			cd one &&
+			test_unconfig fetch.prune &&
+			test_unconfig remote.origin.prune &&
+			git fetch &&
+			git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+		) &&
+
+		# now remove it
+		git branch -d newbranch &&
+
+		# then test
+		(
+			cd one &&
+			set_config_tristate fetch.prune $fetch_prune &&
+			set_config_tristate remote.origin.prune $remote_origin_prune &&
+
+			git fetch $cmdline &&
+			case "$expected" in
+			pruned)
+				test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+				;;
+			kept)
+				git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+				;;
+			esac
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+test_configured_prune unset unset ""		kept
+test_configured_prune unset unset "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset unset "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false unset ""		kept
+test_configured_prune false unset "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false unset "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  unset ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune true  unset "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  unset "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_configured_prune unset false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune unset false "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset false "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune false false "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false false "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune true  false "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  false "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_configured_prune unset true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune unset true  "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset true  "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune false true  "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false true  "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune true  true  "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  true  "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_expect_success 'all boundary commits are excluded' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	test_commit oneside &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_commit otherside &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge otherside &&
+	ad=$(git log --no-walk --format=%ad HEAD) &&
+	git bundle create twoside-boundary.bdl master --since="$ad" &&
+	convert_bundle_to_pack <twoside-boundary.bdl >twoside-boundary.pack &&
+	pack=$(git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <twoside-boundary.pack) &&
+	test_bundle_object_count .git/objects/pack/pack-${pack##pack	}.pack 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune prints the remotes url' '
+	git branch goodbye &&
+	git clone . only-prunes &&
+	git branch -D goodbye &&
+	(
+		cd only-prunes &&
+		git fetch --prune origin 2>&1 | head -n1 >../actual
+	) &&
+	echo "From ${D}/." >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branchname D/F conflict resolved by --prune' '
+	git branch dir/file &&
+	git clone . prune-df-conflict &&
+	git branch -D dir/file &&
+	git branch dir &&
+	(
+		cd prune-df-conflict &&
+		git fetch --prune &&
+		git rev-parse origin/dir >../actual
+	) &&
+	git rev-parse dir >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetching a one-level ref works' '
+	test_commit extra &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git update-ref refs/foo extra &&
+	git init one-level &&
+	(
+		cd one-level &&
+		git fetch .. HEAD refs/foo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetching with auto-gc does not lock up' '
+	write_script askyesno <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "$*" &&
+	false
+	EOF
+	git clone "file://$D" auto-gc &&
+	test_commit test2 &&
+	(
+		cd auto-gc &&
+		git config gc.autoPackLimit 1 &&
+		git config gc.autoDetach false &&
+		GIT_ASK_YESNO="$D/askyesno" git fetch >fetch.out 2>&1 &&
+		! grep "Should I try again" fetch.out
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5511-refspec.sh b/t/t5511-refspec.sh
index c28932216b..f541f30bc2 100755
--- a/t/t5511-refspec.sh
+++ b/t/t5511-refspec.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ test_description='refspec parsing'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_refspec () {
-
 	kind=$1 refspec=$2 expect=$3
 	git config remote.frotz.url "." &&
 	git config --remove-section remote.frotz &&
@@ -72,16 +71,24 @@ test_refspec fetch ':refs/remotes/frotz/HEAD-to-me'
 test_refspec push ':refs/remotes/frotz/delete me'		invalid
 test_refspec fetch ':refs/remotes/frotz/HEAD to me'		invalid
 
-test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*-blah' invalid
-test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*-blah' invalid
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*-blah'
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*-blah'
 
-test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
-test_refspec push 'refs/heads*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*'
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*'
 
 test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
 test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
 
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*g*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*g*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
+
 test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*'
 test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*'
 
+good=$(printf '\303\204')
+test_refspec fetch "refs/heads/${good}"
+bad=$(printf '\011tab')
+test_refspec fetch "refs/heads/${bad}"				invalid
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
index 5c546c99a5..819b9ddd0f 100755
--- a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ test_description='git ls-remote'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-
 	>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -18,45 +17,33 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	) >expected.all &&
 
 	git remote add self "$(pwd)/.git"
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-remote --tags .git' '
-
 	git ls-remote --tags .git >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected.tag actual
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-remote .git' '
-
 	git ls-remote .git >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected.all actual
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-remote --tags self' '
-
 	git ls-remote --tags self >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected.tag actual
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-remote self' '
-
 	git ls-remote self >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected.all actual
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'dies when no remote specified and no default remotes found' '
-
 	test_must_fail git ls-remote
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'use "origin" when no remote specified' '
-
 	URL="$(pwd)/.git" &&
 	echo "From $URL" >exp_err &&
 
@@ -65,18 +52,14 @@ test_expect_success 'use "origin" when no remote specified' '
 
 	test_cmp exp_err actual_err &&
 	test_cmp expected.all actual
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'suppress "From <url>" with -q' '
-
 	git ls-remote -q 2>actual_err &&
 	test_must_fail test_cmp exp_err actual_err
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'use branch.<name>.remote if possible' '
-
 	#
 	# Test that we are indeed using branch.<name>.remote, not "origin", even
 	# though the "origin" remote has been set.
@@ -99,33 +82,31 @@ test_expect_success 'use branch.<name>.remote if possible' '
 	git ls-remote 2>actual_err >actual &&
 	test_cmp exp_err actual_err &&
 	test_cmp exp actual
-
 '
 
-cat >exp <<EOF
-fatal: 'refs*master' does not appear to be a git repository
-fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'confuses pattern as remote when no remote specified' '
-	#
-	# Do not expect "git ls-remote <pattern>" to work; ls-remote, correctly,
-	# confuses <pattern> for <remote>. Although ugly, this behaviour is akin
-	# to the confusion of refspecs for remotes by git-fetch and git-push,
-	# eg:
-	#
-	#   $ git fetch branch
-	#
+	cat >exp <<-\EOF &&
+	fatal: '\''refs*master'\'' does not appear to be a git repository
+	fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
 
+	Please make sure you have the correct access rights
+	and the repository exists.
+	EOF
+	#
+	# Do not expect "git ls-remote <pattern>" to work; ls-remote needs
+	# <remote> if you want to feed <pattern>, just like you cannot say
+	# fetch <branch>.
 	# We could just as easily have used "master"; the "*" emphasizes its
 	# role as a pattern.
 	test_must_fail git ls-remote refs*master >actual 2>&1 &&
 	test_cmp exp actual
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'die with non-2 for wrong repository even with --exit-code' '
-	git ls-remote --exit-code ./no-such-repository ;# not &&
-	status=$? &&
+	{
+		git ls-remote --exit-code ./no-such-repository
+		status=$?
+	} &&
 	test $status != 2 && test $status != 0
 '
 
@@ -147,4 +128,84 @@ test_expect_success 'Report match with --exit-code' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'set up some extra tags for ref hiding' '
+	git tag magic/one &&
+	git tag magic/two
+'
+
+for configsection in transfer uploadpack
+do
+	test_expect_success "Hide some refs with $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		test_config $configsection.hiderefs refs/tags &&
+		git ls-remote . >actual &&
+		test_unconfig $configsection.hiderefs &&
+		git ls-remote . |
+		sed -e "/	refs\/tags\//d" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "Override hiding of $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		test_when_finished "test_unconfig $configsection.hiderefs" &&
+		git config --add $configsection.hiderefs refs/tags &&
+		git config --add $configsection.hiderefs "!refs/tags/magic" &&
+		git config --add $configsection.hiderefs refs/tags/magic/one &&
+		git ls-remote . >actual &&
+		grep refs/tags/magic/two actual &&
+		! grep refs/tags/magic/one actual
+	'
+
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'overrides work between mixed transfer/upload-pack hideRefs' '
+	test_config uploadpack.hiderefs refs/tags &&
+	test_config transfer.hiderefs "!refs/tags/magic" &&
+	git ls-remote . >actual &&
+	grep refs/tags/magic actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote --symref' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	ref: refs/heads/master	HEAD
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	HEAD
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	refs/heads/master
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	refs/remotes/origin/master
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	refs/tags/mark
+	EOF
+	git ls-remote --symref >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote with filtered symref (refname)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	ref: refs/heads/master	HEAD
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	HEAD
+	EOF
+	git ls-remote --symref . HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'ls-remote with filtered symref (--heads)' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/foo refs/tags/mark &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	ref: refs/tags/mark	refs/heads/foo
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	refs/heads/foo
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	refs/heads/master
+	EOF
+	git ls-remote --symref --heads . >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote --symref omits filtered-out matches' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	refs/heads/foo
+	1bd44cb9d13204b0fe1958db0082f5028a16eb3a	refs/heads/master
+	EOF
+	git ls-remote --symref --heads . >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git ls-remote --symref . "refs/heads/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
index 227dd56137..4b4b6673b8 100755
--- a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
+++ b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git fetch --all (skipFetchAll)' '
 	(cd test4 &&
 	 for b in $(git branch -r)
 	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
 	 done &&
 	 git remote add three ../three &&
 	 git config remote.three.skipFetchAll true &&
@@ -144,11 +144,41 @@ test_expect_success 'git fetch --multiple (ignoring skipFetchAll)' '
 	(cd test4 &&
 	 for b in $(git branch -r)
 	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
 	 done &&
 	 git fetch --multiple one two three &&
 	 git branch -r > output &&
 	 test_cmp ../expect output)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all --no-tags' '
+	>expect &&
+	git clone one test5 &&
+	git clone test5 test6 &&
+	(cd test5 && git tag test-tag) &&
+	(
+		cd test6 &&
+		git fetch --all --no-tags &&
+		git tag >output
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect test6/output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all --tags' '
+	echo test-tag >expect &&
+	git clone one test7 &&
+	git clone test7 test8 &&
+	(
+		cd test7 &&
+		test_commit test-tag &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test8 &&
+		git fetch --all --tags &&
+		git tag >output
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect test8/output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5515-fetch-merge-logic.sh b/t/t5515-fetch-merge-logic.sh
index dbb927dec8..36b0dbc01c 100755
--- a/t/t5515-fetch-merge-logic.sh
+++ b/t/t5515-fetch-merge-logic.sh
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ do
 	case "$cmd" in
 	'' | '#'*) continue ;;
 	esac
-	test=`echo "$cmd" | sed -e 's|[/ ][/ ]*|_|g'`
-	pfx=`printf "%04d" $test_count`
+	test=$(echo "$cmd" | sed -e 's|[/ ][/ ]*|_|g')
+	pfx=$(printf "%04d" $test_count)
 	expect_f="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t5515/fetch.$test"
 	actual_f="$pfx-fetch.$test"
 	expect_r="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t5515/refs.$test"
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge
index e3a41ae811..12ab08e8ac 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # br-branches-default-merge
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default
index 1f60561cb1..54427522dd 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # br-branches-default-merge branches-default
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus
index f31e1b3080..498a761aae 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-branches-default-octopus
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default
index 7060bd9ae5..0857f134e1 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-branches-default-octopus branches-default
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge
index aa1c8a937e..54a77420d5 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # br-branches-one-merge
-8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
 0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one
index c93310a730..b4d1bb0b0b 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # br-branches-one-merge branches-one
-8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
 0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge
index f6475b717a..5ce764a06e 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # br-config-explicit-merge
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge_config-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge_config-explicit
index 018bdd752a..b1152b76dc 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge_config-explicit
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge_config-explicit
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # br-config-explicit-merge config-explicit
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus
index 36d0270502..110577bb67 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-config-explicit-octopus
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus_config-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus_config-explicit
index 6654ad0898..a29dd8baba 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus_config-explicit
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus_config-explicit
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-config-explicit-octopus config-explicit
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge
index 8bb5e8bc4e..89f2596cb9 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-config-glob-merge
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge_config-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge_config-glob
index 113c08dabe..2ba4832160 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge_config-glob
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge_config-glob
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-config-glob-merge config-glob
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus
index 9bbd537579..64994df7e2 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # br-config-glob-octopus
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus_config-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus_config-glob
index 4e510437d9..681a725adc 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus_config-glob
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus_config-glob
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # br-config-glob-octopus config-glob
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge
index 7421b2cb86..d018b3515f 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # br-remote-explicit-merge
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge_remote-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge_remote-explicit
index b6975d3890..0d3d780dd0 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge_remote-explicit
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge_remote-explicit
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # br-remote-explicit-merge remote-explicit
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus
index 76812812ee..6f843044ed 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-remote-explicit-octopus
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus_remote-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus_remote-explicit
index 4c896cfc1a..3546a83713 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus_remote-explicit
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus_remote-explicit
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-remote-explicit-octopus remote-explicit
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge
index 4b62b01de4..7e1a433a64 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-remote-glob-merge
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge_remote-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge_remote-glob
index 7478f1f158..53571bb4ec 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge_remote-glob
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge_remote-glob
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # br-remote-glob-merge remote-glob
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus
index 2543420581..c7c8b6d7f4 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # br-remote-glob-octopus
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus_remote-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus_remote-glob
index 5ffde9c03c..36076fba0c 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus_remote-glob
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus_remote-glob
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # br-remote-glob-octopus remote-glob
-754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
-0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git
index 1669cc4af0..0f70f66c70 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # br-unconfig --tags ../.git
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git b/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git
index 8a7493537b..ab473a6e1f 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # master --tags ../.git
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
index b69cf574d7..26b2cafc47 100755
--- a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,29 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='fetching and pushing, with or without wildcard'
+test_description='Basic fetch/push functionality.
+
+This test checks the following functionality:
+
+* command-line syntax
+* refspecs
+* fast-forward detection, and overriding it
+* configuration
+* hooks
+* --porcelain output format
+* hiderefs
+* reflogs
+'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-D=`pwd`
+D=$(pwd)
 
 mk_empty () {
-	rm -fr testrepo &&
-	mkdir testrepo &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	rm -fr "$repo_name" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_name" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		git init &&
 		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
@@ -18,32 +31,33 @@ mk_empty () {
 }
 
 mk_test () {
-	mk_empty &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
+	mk_empty "$repo_name" &&
 	(
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/$ref || {
-				echo "Oops, push refs/$ref failure"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git push "$repo_name" $the_first_commit:refs/$ref ||
+			exit
 		done &&
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			echo "$the_first_commit" >expect &&
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
 }
 
 mk_test_with_hooks() {
+	repo_name=$1
 	mk_test "$@" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		mkdir .git/hooks &&
 		cd .git/hooks &&
 
@@ -75,22 +89,23 @@ mk_test_with_hooks() {
 }
 
 mk_child() {
-	rm -rf "$1" &&
-	git clone testrepo "$1"
+	rm -rf "$2" &&
+	git clone "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 check_push_result () {
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
-		it="$1" &&
-		shift
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
+		echo "$1" >expect &&
+		shift &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$it" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
@@ -113,35 +128,33 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch .. refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git config remote.up.url .. &&
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -150,15 +163,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -167,321 +179,310 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf and explicit pushurl (pushInsteadOf should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
-	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
-	git config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
-	git config remote.r.pushurl "$TRASH/testrepo" &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
+	test_config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" testrepo/ &&
+	test_config "url.trash3/.pushInsteadOf" trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.pushurl "testrepo/" &&
 	git push r refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads on the command line' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'failed (non-fast-forward) push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --force with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
-	git push --force testrepo &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	git push --force testrepo : &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads and forced update' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	git push testrepo +: &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:origin/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec, no ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master heads/t/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/t/master &&
 	git branch -f t/master master &&
 	git push testrepo master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/t/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/t/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
-	if git push testrepo master:frotz
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
-	fi
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master:frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tags/frotz
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
-	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz
+	git push -f testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (3)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/frotz
 	then
 		git tag -d frotz
 	fi &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (4)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push head with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo master:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push tag with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git tag -f v1.0 &&
 	git push testrepo v1.0:tag &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/tag
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/tag
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push sha1 with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
-	test_must_fail git push testrepo `git rev-parse master`:foo
+	mk_test testrepo &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo $(git rev-parse master):foo
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push ref expression with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo master^:branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD nonexisting at remote' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout -b local master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with +HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D local &&
 	git checkout -b local &&
 	git push testrepo master local &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# Without force rewinding should fail
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# With force rewinding should succeed
 	git push testrepo +HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push HEAD with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/local &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/local &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -f local $the_commit &&
 	(
@@ -489,46 +490,81 @@ test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
 		git checkout local &&
 		git reset --hard $the_first_commit
 	) &&
-	git config remote.there.url testrepo &&
-	git config remote.there.push HEAD &&
-	git config branch.master.remote there &&
+	test_config remote.there.url testrepo &&
+	test_config remote.there.push HEAD &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote there &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with remote.pushdefault' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
 	git push &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
-git config --remove-section branch.master
-
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.pushurl' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	git config remote.there.url test2repo &&
-	git config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
-	git push there &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	test_config remote.there.url test2repo &&
+	test_config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
+	git push there : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with config branch.*.pushremote' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test side_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault side_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config branch.master.pushremote down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result side_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch.*.pushremote config order is irrelevant' '
+	mk_test one_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test two_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.one.url one_repo &&
+	test_config remote.two.url two_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.pushremote two_repo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault one_repo &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result one_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result two_repo $the_commit heads/master
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
-
 test_expect_success 'push with dry-run' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		old_commit=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master)
 	) &&
-	git push --dry-run testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $old_commit heads/master
+	git push --dry-run testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $old_commit heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git pull .. master &&
@@ -541,9 +577,9 @@ test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(cd child1 && git pull .. master && git push) &&
 	(
 		cd child2 &&
@@ -557,8 +593,8 @@ test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git push &&
@@ -569,8 +605,8 @@ test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	mkdir testrepo/.git/hooks &&
 	echo "#!/no/frobnication/today" >testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
 	chmod +x testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
@@ -586,7 +622,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
@@ -594,7 +630,7 @@ test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pushing valid refs triggers post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -630,7 +666,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pushing valid refs triggers post-receive and post-update ho
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deleting dangling ref triggers hooks with correct args' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(
@@ -659,7 +695,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deleting dangling ref triggers hooks with correct args' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref is not fed to post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	git push testrepo master :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
@@ -691,7 +727,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref is not fed to post-receive a
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref alone does trigger post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo/.git &&
@@ -711,7 +747,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref alone does trigger post-rece
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed ref updates, deletes, invalid deletes trigger hooks with correct input' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -757,14 +793,14 @@ test_expect_success 'mixed ref updates, deletes, invalid deletes trigger hooks w
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a ref using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && git config receive.denyDeleteCurrent warn) &&
 	git push testrepo --delete master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git tag -a -m dummy_message deltag heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo --tags &&
 	(cd testrepo && git rev-parse --verify -q refs/tags/deltag) &&
@@ -773,17 +809,17 @@ test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete without args aborts' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete refuses src:dest refspecs' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete master:foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -794,7 +830,7 @@ test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -804,7 +840,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -816,7 +852,7 @@ test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -827,63 +863,63 @@ test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git branch second $the_first_commit &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo ".." > testrepo/.git/branches/branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch1 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch1) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/heads/branch1" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "..#second" > testrepo/.git/branches/branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch2 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch2) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch2" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo "testrepo" > .git/branches/branch1 &&
 	git push branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "testrepo#branch3" > .git/branches/branch2 &&
 	git push branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch3) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch3" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (consistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -903,9 +939,9 @@ test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (consistent)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (inconsistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -929,29 +965,50 @@ test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (inconsistent)' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push requires --force to update lightweight tag' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
+	(
+		cd child1 &&
+		git tag Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "file1" &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag HEAD~ &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo >.git/foo  "To testrepo" &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "*	refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master	[new branch]"  &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "Done" &&
 	git push >.git/bar --porcelain  testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp .git/foo .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain bad url' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push >.git/bar --porcelain asdfasdfasd refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	test_must_fail grep -q Done .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master^
@@ -965,7 +1022,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push --porcelain rejected' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain --dry-run rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master
@@ -979,4 +1036,580 @@ test_expect_success 'push --porcelain --dry-run rejected' '
 	test_cmp .git/foo .git/bar
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push --prune' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
+	git push --prune testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --prune refspec' '
+	mk_test testrepo tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
+	git push --prune testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*" &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tmp/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+'
+
+for configsection in transfer receive
+do
+	test_expect_success "push to update a ref hidden by $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one hidden/two hidden/three &&
+		(
+			cd testrepo &&
+			git config $configsection.hiderefs refs/hidden
+		) &&
+
+		# push to unhidden ref succeeds normally
+		git push testrepo master:refs/heads/master &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+
+		# push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/one &&
+
+		# push to delete a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo :refs/hidden/two &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/two &&
+
+		# idempotent push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/hidden/three &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/three
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch exact SHA1' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one &&
+	git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git config transfer.hiderefs refs/hidden
+	) &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit hidden/one &&
+
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
+	(
+		cd child &&
+
+		# make sure $the_commit does not exist here
+		git repack -a -d &&
+		git prune &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file -t $the_commit &&
+
+		# fetching the hidden object should fail by default
+		test_must_fail git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy &&
+
+		# the server side can allow it to succeed
+		(
+			cd ../testrepo &&
+			git config uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant true
+		) &&
+
+		git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy master:refs/heads/extra &&
+		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		$the_commit
+		$the_first_commit
+		EOF
+		{
+			git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy &&
+			git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/extra
+		} >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+for configallowtipsha1inwant in true false
+do
+	test_expect_success "shallow fetch reachable SHA1 (but not a ref), allowtipsha1inwant=$configallowtipsha1inwant" '
+		mk_empty testrepo &&
+		(
+			cd testrepo &&
+			git config uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant $configallowtipsha1inwant &&
+			git commit --allow-empty -m foo &&
+			git commit --allow-empty -m bar
+		) &&
+		SHA1=$(git --git-dir=testrepo/.git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+		mk_empty shallow &&
+		(
+			cd shallow &&
+			test_must_fail git fetch --depth=1 ../testrepo/.git $SHA1 &&
+			git --git-dir=../testrepo/.git config uploadpack.allowreachablesha1inwant true &&
+			git fetch --depth=1 ../testrepo/.git $SHA1 &&
+			git cat-file commit $SHA1
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "deny fetch unreachable SHA1, allowtipsha1inwant=$configallowtipsha1inwant" '
+		mk_empty testrepo &&
+		(
+			cd testrepo &&
+			git config uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant $configallowtipsha1inwant &&
+			git commit --allow-empty -m foo &&
+			git commit --allow-empty -m bar &&
+			git commit --allow-empty -m xyz
+		) &&
+		SHA1_1=$(git --git-dir=testrepo/.git rev-parse HEAD^^) &&
+		SHA1_2=$(git --git-dir=testrepo/.git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+		SHA1_3=$(git --git-dir=testrepo/.git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		(
+			cd testrepo &&
+			git reset --hard $SHA1_2 &&
+			git cat-file commit $SHA1_1 &&
+			git cat-file commit $SHA1_3
+		) &&
+		mk_empty shallow &&
+		(
+			cd shallow &&
+			test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git fetch ../testrepo/.git $SHA1_3 &&
+			test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git fetch ../testrepo/.git $SHA1_1 &&
+			git --git-dir=../testrepo/.git config uploadpack.allowreachablesha1inwant true &&
+			git fetch ../testrepo/.git $SHA1_1 &&
+			git cat-file commit $SHA1_1 &&
+			test_must_fail git cat-file commit $SHA1_2 &&
+			git fetch ../testrepo/.git $SHA1_2 &&
+			git cat-file commit $SHA1_2 &&
+			test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git fetch ../testrepo/.git $SHA1_3
+		)
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch follows tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git for-each-ref >tmp1 &&
+		(
+			cat tmp1
+			sed -n "s|refs/heads/master$|refs/remotes/origin/master|p" tmp1
+		) |
+		sort -k 3 >../expect
+	) &&
+	git init dst &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git remote add origin ../src &&
+		git config branch.master.remote origin &&
+		git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing a specific ref applies remote.$name.push as refmap' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git branch next &&
+		git config remote.dst.url ../dst &&
+		git config remote.dst.push "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/src/*" &&
+		git push dst master &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/master |
+		sed -e "s|refs/heads/|refs/remotes/src/|" >../dst/expect
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/next &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/master &&
+		git show-ref refs/remotes/src/master >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp dst/expect dst/actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with no remote.$name.push, it is not used as refmap' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git branch next &&
+		git config remote.dst.url ../dst &&
+		git config push.default matching &&
+		git push dst master &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/master >../dst/expect
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/next &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/master >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp dst/expect dst/actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with no remote.$name.push, upstream mapping is used' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git branch next &&
+		git config remote.dst.url ../dst &&
+		git config remote.dst.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/dst/*" &&
+		git config push.default upstream &&
+
+		git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/trunk &&
+		git config branch.master.remote dst &&
+
+		git push dst master &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/master |
+		sed -e "s|refs/heads/master|refs/heads/trunk|" >../dst/expect
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/master &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/next &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/trunk >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp dst/expect dst/actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push does not follow tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >../expect &&
+		git push ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --follow-tag only pushes relevant tags' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master refs/tags/tag >../expect
+		git push --follow-tag ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --no-thin must produce non-thin pack' '
+	cat >>path1 <<\EOF &&
+keep base version of path1 big enough, compared to the new changes
+later, in order to pass size heuristics in
+builtin/pack-objects.c:try_delta()
+EOF
+	git commit -am initial &&
+	git init no-thin &&
+	git --git-dir=no-thin/.git config receive.unpacklimit 0 &&
+	git push no-thin/.git refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foo &&
+	echo modified >> path1 &&
+	git commit -am modified &&
+	git repack -adf &&
+	rcvpck="git receive-pack --reject-thin-pack-for-testing" &&
+	git push --no-thin --receive-pack="$rcvpck" no-thin/.git refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing a tag pushes the tagged object' '
+	rm -rf dst.git &&
+	blob=$(echo unreferenced | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	git tag -m foo tag-of-blob $blob &&
+	git init --bare dst.git &&
+	git push dst.git tag-of-blob &&
+	# the receiving index-pack should have noticed
+	# any problems, but we double check
+	echo unreferenced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=dst.git cat-file blob tag-of-blob >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push into bare respects core.logallrefupdates' '
+	rm -rf dst.git &&
+	git init --bare dst.git &&
+	git -C dst.git config core.logallrefupdates true &&
+
+	# double push to test both with and without
+	# the actual pack transfer
+	git push dst.git master:one &&
+	echo "one@{0} push" >expect &&
+	git -C dst.git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git push dst.git master:two &&
+	echo "two@{0} push" >expect &&
+	git -C dst.git log -g --format="%gd %gs" two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch into bare respects core.logallrefupdates' '
+	rm -rf dst.git &&
+	git init --bare dst.git &&
+	(
+		cd dst.git &&
+		git config core.logallrefupdates true &&
+
+		# as above, we double-fetch to test both
+		# with and without pack transfer
+		git fetch .. master:one &&
+		echo "one@{0} fetch .. master:one: storing head" >expect &&
+		git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+		git fetch .. master:two &&
+		echo "two@{0} fetch .. master:two: storing head" >expect &&
+		git log -g --format="%gd %gs" two >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'receive.denyCurrentBranch = updateInstead' '
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch updateInstead
+	) &&
+	test_commit third path2 &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with pristine working tree
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git update-index -q --refresh &&
+		git diff-files --quiet -- &&
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- &&
+		test third = "$(cat path2)" &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	) &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with working tree needing a refresh
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		test-chmtime +100 path1
+	) &&
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git update-index -q --refresh &&
+		git diff-files --quiet -- &&
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- &&
+		test_cmp ../path1 path1 &&
+		test third = "$(cat path2)" &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	) &&
+
+	# Update what is to be pushed
+	test_commit fourth path2 &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with a dirty working tree
+	# (1) the working tree updated
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		echo changed >path1
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet --cached &&
+		test changed = "$(cat path1)"
+	) &&
+
+	# (2) the index updated
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		echo changed >path1 &&
+		git add path1
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		test changed = "$(cat path1)"
+	) &&
+
+	# Introduce a new file in the update
+	test_commit fifth path3 &&
+
+	# (3) the working tree has an untracked file that would interfere
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		echo changed >path3
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		git diff --quiet --cached &&
+		test changed = "$(cat path3)"
+	) &&
+
+	# (4) the target changes to what gets pushed but it still is a change
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		echo fifth >path3 &&
+		git add path3
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		test fifth = "$(cat path3)"
+	) &&
+
+	# (5) push into void
+	rm -fr void &&
+	git init void &&
+	(
+		cd void &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch updateInstead
+	) &&
+	git push void master &&
+	(
+		cd void &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse master) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		git diff --cached --quiet
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updateInstead with push-to-checkout hook' '
+	rm -fr testrepo &&
+	git init testrepo &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git pull .. master &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^^ &&
+		git tag initial &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch updateInstead &&
+		write_script .git/hooks/push-to-checkout <<-\EOF
+		echo >&2 updating from $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+		echo >&2 updating to "$1"
+
+		git update-index -q --refresh &&
+		git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1" || {
+			status=$?
+			echo >&2 read-tree failed
+			exit $status
+		}
+		EOF
+	) &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a pristine
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		git diff HEAD --quiet &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	) &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with conflicting change
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		echo conflicting >path2
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git rev-parse initial) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		test conflicting = "$(cat path2)" &&
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD
+	) &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with unrelated change
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		echo unrelated >path1 &&
+		echo irrelevant >path5 &&
+		git add path5
+	) &&
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test "$(cat path1)" = unrelated &&
+		test "$(cat path5)" = irrelevant &&
+		test "$(git diff --name-only --cached HEAD)" = path5 &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	) &&
+
+	# push into void
+	rm -fr void &&
+	git init void &&
+	(
+		cd void &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch updateInstead &&
+		write_script .git/hooks/push-to-checkout <<-\EOF
+		if git rev-parse --quiet --verify HEAD
+		then
+			has_head=yes
+			echo >&2 updating from $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+		else
+			has_head=no
+			echo >&2 pushing into void
+		fi
+		echo >&2 updating to "$1"
+
+		git update-index -q --refresh &&
+		case "$has_head" in
+		yes)
+			git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1" ;;
+		no)
+			git read-tree -u -m "$1" ;;
+		esac || {
+			status=$?
+			echo >&2 read-tree failed
+			exit $status
+		}
+		EOF
+	) &&
+
+	git push void master &&
+	(
+		cd void &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		git diff --cached --quiet &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
index e2ad260508..02f160aae0 100755
--- a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
+++ b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ test_description='pushing to a mirror repository'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-D=`pwd`
+D=$(pwd)
 
 invert () {
 	if "$@"; then
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ test_expect_success 'remote.foo.mirror=no has no effect' '
 		git branch keep master &&
 		git push --mirror up &&
 		git branch -D keep &&
-		git push up
+		git push up :
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd mirror &&
diff --git a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
index c00c9b071d..11fcd37700 100755
--- a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
+++ b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes' '
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more >file &&
 		git commit -a -m second &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob fetches from alice, works and pushes' '
 		git pull ../alice-pub master &&
 		echo more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m third &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	) &&
 
 	# Check that the second commit by Alice is not sent
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes again' '
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more alice >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fourth &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob works and pushes' '
 		cd bob-work &&
 		echo yet more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fifth &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes yet again' '
 		git commit -a -m sixth.2 &&
 		echo more and more alice >>file &&
 		git commit -a -m sixth.3 &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob works and pushes again' '
 		git hash-object -t commit -w commit &&
 		echo even more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m seventh &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
index 35304b41e9..3159956fde 100755
--- a/t/t5520-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -9,36 +9,45 @@ modify () {
 	mv "$2.x" "$2"
 }
 
-D=`pwd`
+test_pull_autostash () {
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	echo dirty >new_file &&
+	git add new_file &&
+	git pull "$@" . copy &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^ copy &&
+	test "$(cat new_file)" = dirty &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = "modified again"
+}
 
-test_expect_success setup '
+test_pull_autostash_fail () {
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	echo dirty >new_file &&
+	git add new_file &&
+	test_must_fail git pull "$@" . copy 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "uncommitted changes." err
+}
 
+test_expect_success setup '
 	echo file >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -a -m original
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pulling into void' '
-	mkdir cloned &&
-	cd cloned &&
-	git init &&
-	git pull ..
-'
-
-cd "$D"
-
-test_expect_success 'checking the results' '
+	git init cloned &&
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		git pull ..
+	) &&
 	test -f file &&
 	test -f cloned/file &&
 	test_cmp file cloned/file
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pulling into void using master:master' '
-	mkdir cloned-uho &&
+	git init cloned-uho &&
 	(
 		cd cloned-uho &&
-		git init &&
 		git pull .. master:master
 	) &&
 	test -f file &&
@@ -57,17 +66,57 @@ test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not overwrite untracked files' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'test . as a remote' '
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not overwrite staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-colliding &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-colliding &&
+		echo "alternate content" >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		test_must_fail git pull .. master &&
+		echo "alternate content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		git cat-file blob :file >file.index &&
+		test_cmp expect file.index
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not remove new staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-new &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-new &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >newfile &&
+		git add newfile &&
+		git pull .. master &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile &&
+		git cat-file blob :newfile >newfile.index &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile.index
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void must not create an octopus' '
+	git init cloned-octopus &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-octopus &&
+		test_must_fail git pull .. master master &&
+		! test -f file
+	)
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'test . as a remote' '
 	git branch copy master &&
 	git config branch.copy.remote . &&
 	git config branch.copy.merge refs/heads/master &&
 	echo updated >file &&
 	git commit -a -m updated &&
 	git checkout copy &&
-	test `cat file` = file &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
 	git pull &&
-	test `cat file` = updated
+	test "$(cat file)" = updated &&
+	git reflog -1 >reflog.actual &&
+	sed "s/^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]*/OBJID/" reflog.actual >reflog.fuzzy &&
+	echo "OBJID HEAD@{0}: pull: Fast-forward" >reflog.expected &&
+	test_cmp reflog.expected reflog.fuzzy
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'the default remote . should not break explicit pull' '
@@ -76,9 +125,120 @@ test_expect_success 'the default remote . should not break explicit pull' '
 	git commit -a -m modified &&
 	git checkout copy &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	test `cat file` = file &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
 	git pull . second &&
-	test `cat file` = modified
+	test "$(cat file)" = modified &&
+	git reflog -1 >reflog.actual &&
+	sed "s/^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]*/OBJID/" reflog.actual >reflog.fuzzy &&
+	echo "OBJID HEAD@{0}: pull . second: Fast-forward" >reflog.expected &&
+	test_cmp reflog.expected reflog.fuzzy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail if wildcard spec does not match any refs' '
+	git checkout -b test copy^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy && git branch -D test" &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	test_must_fail git pull . "refs/nonexisting1/*:refs/nonexisting2/*" 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no candidates for merging" err &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail if no branches specified with non-default remote' '
+	git remote add test_remote . &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove test_remote" &&
+	git checkout -b test copy^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy && git branch -D test" &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	test_config branch.test.remote origin &&
+	test_must_fail git pull test_remote 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "specify a branch on the command line" err &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail if not on a branch' '
+	git remote add origin . &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove origin" &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy" &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	test_must_fail git pull 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "not currently on a branch" err &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail if no configuration for current branch' '
+	git remote add test_remote . &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove test_remote" &&
+	git checkout -b test copy^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy && git branch -D test" &&
+	test_config branch.test.remote test_remote &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	test_must_fail git pull 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no tracking information" err &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --all: fail if no configuration for current branch' '
+	git remote add test_remote . &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove test_remote" &&
+	git checkout -b test copy^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy && git branch -D test" &&
+	test_config branch.test.remote test_remote &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	test_must_fail git pull --all 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "There is no tracking information" err &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail if upstream branch does not exist' '
+	git checkout -b test copy^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy && git branch -D test" &&
+	test_config branch.test.remote . &&
+	test_config branch.test.merge refs/heads/nonexisting &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	test_must_fail git pull 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no such ref was fetched" err &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail if the index has unresolved entries' '
+	git checkout -b third second^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy && git branch -D third" &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	test_commit modified2 file &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test_must_fail git pull . second &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	cp file expected &&
+	test_must_fail git pull . second 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files" err &&
+	test_cmp expected file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test_must_fail git pull . second 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "You have not concluded your merge" err &&
+	test_cmp expected file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-forwards working tree if branch head is updated' '
+	git checkout -b third second^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy && git branch -D third" &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	git pull . second:third 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fetch updated the current branch head" err &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = modified &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse third)" = "$(git rev-parse second)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-forward fails with conflicting work tree' '
+	git checkout -b third second^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f copy && git branch -D third" &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = file &&
+	echo conflict >file &&
+	test_must_fail git pull . second:third 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cannot fast-forward your working tree" err &&
+	test "$(cat file)" = conflict &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse third)" = "$(git rev-parse second)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--rebase' '
@@ -91,36 +251,209 @@ test_expect_success '--rebase' '
 	git commit -m "new file" &&
 	git tag before-rebase &&
 	git pull --rebase . copy &&
-	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
-	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test new = "$(git show HEAD:file2)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase fails with multiple branches' '
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	test_must_fail git pull --rebase . copy master 2>err &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse before-rebase)" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches" err &&
+	test modified = "$(git show HEAD:file)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase succeeds with dirty working directory and rebase.autostash set' '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	test_pull_autostash --rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase --autostash & rebase.autostash=true' '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	test_pull_autostash --rebase --autostash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase --autostash & rebase.autostash=false' '
+	test_config rebase.autostash false &&
+	test_pull_autostash --rebase --autostash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase --autostash & rebase.autostash unset' '
+	test_unconfig rebase.autostash &&
+	test_pull_autostash --rebase --autostash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase --no-autostash & rebase.autostash=true' '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	test_pull_autostash_fail --rebase --no-autostash
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase --no-autostash & rebase.autostash=false' '
+	test_config rebase.autostash false &&
+	test_pull_autostash_fail --rebase --no-autostash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase --no-autostash & rebase.autostash unset' '
+	test_unconfig rebase.autostash &&
+	test_pull_autostash_fail --rebase --no-autostash
+'
+
+for i in --autostash --no-autostash
+do
+	test_expect_success "pull $i (without --rebase) is illegal" '
+		test_must_fail git pull $i . copy 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "only valid with --rebase" err
+	'
+done
+
 test_expect_success 'pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
-	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
-	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test new = "$(git show HEAD:file2)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --autostash & pull.rebase=true' '
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	test_pull_autostash --autostash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --no-autostash & pull.rebase=true' '
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	test_pull_autostash_fail --no-autostash
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
-	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
-	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test new = "$(git show HEAD:file2)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase should override pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)" != "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test new = "$(git show HEAD:file2)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "pull --rebase warns on --verify-signatures" '
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	git pull --rebase --verify-signatures . copy 2>err &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test new = "$(git show HEAD:file2)" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "ignoring --verify-signatures for rebase" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success "pull --rebase does not warn on --no-verify-signatures" '
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	git pull --rebase --no-verify-signatures . copy 2>err &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test new = "$(git show HEAD:file2)" &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "verify-signatures" err
+'
+
+# add a feature branch, keep-merge, that is merged into master, so the
+# test can try preserving the merge commit (or not) with various
+# --rebase flags/pull.rebase settings.
+test_expect_success 'preserve merge setup' '
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	git checkout -b keep-merge second^ &&
+	test_commit file3 &&
+	git checkout to-rebase &&
+	git merge keep-merge &&
+	git tag before-preserve-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=false create a new merge commit' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase false &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" = "$(git rev-parse before-preserve-rebase)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test file3 = "$(git show HEAD:file3.t)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=true flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test file3 = "$(git show HEAD:file3.t)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=1 is treated as true and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase 1 &&
 	git pull . copy &&
-	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) != $(git rev-parse copy) &&
-	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test file3 = "$(git show HEAD:file3.t)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" = "$(git rev-parse keep-merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=interactive' '
+	write_script "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/fake-editor" <<-\EOF &&
+	echo I was here >fake.out &&
+	false
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/fake-editor" &&
+	test_must_fail git pull --rebase=interactive . copy &&
+	test "I was here" = "$(cat fake.out)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=invalid fails' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase invalid &&
+	! git pull . copy
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=false create a new merge commit' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull --rebase=false . copy &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" = "$(git rev-parse before-preserve-rebase)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test file3 = "$(git show HEAD:file3.t)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=true rebases and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull --rebase=true . copy &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test file3 = "$(git show HEAD:file3.t)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull --rebase=preserve . copy &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" = "$(git rev-parse keep-merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=invalid fails' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	! git pull --rebase=invalid . copy
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase overrides pull.rebase=preserve and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull --rebase . copy &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" = "$(git rev-parse copy)" &&
+	test file3 = "$(git show HEAD:file3.t)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased upstream' '
@@ -137,10 +470,18 @@ test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased upstream' '
 	git tag to-rebase-orig &&
 	git pull --rebase me copy &&
 	test "conflicting modification" = "$(cat file)" &&
-	test file = $(cat file2)
+	test file = "$(cat file2)"
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--rebase -f with rebased upstream' '
+	test_when_finished "test_might_fail git rebase --abort" &&
+	git reset --hard to-rebase-orig &&
+	git pull --rebase -f me copy &&
+	test "conflicting modification" = "$(cat file)" &&
+	test file = "$(cat file2)"
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased default upstream' '
 
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy-orig &&
@@ -148,7 +489,7 @@ test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased default upstream' '
 	git reset --hard to-rebase-orig &&
 	git pull --rebase &&
 	test "conflicting modification" = "$(cat file)" &&
-	test file = $(cat file2)
+	test file = "$(cat file2)"
 
 '
 
@@ -169,18 +510,18 @@ test_expect_success 'pull --rebase dies early with dirty working directory' '
 
 	git checkout to-rebase &&
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy^ &&
-	COPY=$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy) &&
+	COPY="$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy)" &&
 	git rebase --onto $COPY copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	echo dirty >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git pull &&
-	test $COPY = $(git rev-parse --verify me/copy) &&
+	test "$COPY" = "$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy)" &&
 	git checkout HEAD -- file &&
 	git pull &&
-	test $COPY != $(git rev-parse --verify me/copy)
+	test "$COPY" != "$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy)"
 
 '
 
@@ -195,6 +536,21 @@ test_expect_success 'pull --rebase works on branch yet to be born' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase fails on unborn branch with staged changes' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf empty_repo2" &&
+	git init empty_repo2 &&
+	(
+		cd empty_repo2 &&
+		echo staged-file >staged-file &&
+		git add staged-file &&
+		test "$(git ls-files)" = staged-file &&
+		test_must_fail git pull --rebase .. master 2>err &&
+		test "$(git ls-files)" = staged-file &&
+		test "$(git show :staged-file)" = staged-file &&
+		test_i18ngrep "unborn branch with changes added to the index" err
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup for detecting upstreamed changes' '
 	mkdir src &&
 	(cd src &&
diff --git a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
index 1b06691bb4..ded8f98dbe 100755
--- a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
@@ -15,8 +15,19 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull -q' '
 	mkdir clonedq &&
 	(cd clonedq && git init &&
 	git pull -q "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -q --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedqrb &&
+	(cd clonedqrb && git init &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull' '
@@ -24,7 +35,15 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull' '
 	(cd cloned && git init &&
 	git pull "../parent" >out 2>err &&
 	test -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedrb &&
+	(cd clonedrb && git init &&
+	git pull --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
@@ -32,22 +51,30 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
 	(cd clonedv && git init &&
 	git pull -v "../parent" >out 2>err &&
 	test -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -v --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedvrb &&
+	(cd clonedvrb && git init &&
+	git pull -v --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v -q' '
 	mkdir clonedvq &&
 	(cd clonedvq && git init &&
 	git pull -v -q "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s out &&
-	test ! -s err)
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	test_must_be_empty err)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -q -v' '
 	mkdir clonedqv &&
 	(cd clonedqv && git init &&
 	git pull -q -v "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s out &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
 	test -s err)
 '
 
@@ -90,4 +117,52 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull --all' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git pull --dry-run' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf clonedry" &&
+	git init clonedry &&
+	(
+		cd clonedry &&
+		git pull --dry-run ../parent &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/FETCH_HEAD &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/master &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/index &&
+		test_path_is_missing file
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull --all --dry-run' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf cloneddry" &&
+	git init clonedry &&
+	(
+		cd clonedry &&
+		git remote add origin ../parent &&
+		git pull --all --dry-run &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/FETCH_HEAD &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/index &&
+		test_path_is_missing file
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull --allow-unrelated-histories' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr src dst" &&
+	git init src &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		test_commit two
+	) &&
+	git clone src dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout --orphan side HEAD^ &&
+		test_commit three
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git pull ../src side &&
+		git pull --allow-unrelated-histories ../src side
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5522-pull-symlink.sh b/t/t5522-pull-symlink.sh
index 8e9b204e02..bcff460d0a 100755
--- a/t/t5522-pull-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t5522-pull-symlink.sh
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'pulling from real subdir' '
 # git rev-parse --show-cdup printed a path relative to
 # clone-repo/subdir/, not subdir-link/.  Git rev-parse --show-cdup
 # used the correct .git, but when the git pull shell script did
-# "cd `git rev-parse --show-cdup`", it ended up in the wrong
+# "cd $(git rev-parse --show-cdup)", it ended up in the wrong
 # directory.  A POSIX shell's "cd" works a little differently
 # than chdir() in C; "cd -P" is much closer to chdir().
 #
diff --git a/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh b/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh
index c229fe68f1..3683df13a6 100755
--- a/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh
@@ -101,11 +101,19 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'push -q suppresses progress' '
 	! grep "Writing objects" err
 '
 
-test_expect_failure TTY 'push --no-progress suppresses progress' '
+test_expect_success TTY 'push --no-progress suppresses progress' '
 	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
 
 	test_terminal git push -u --no-progress upstream master >out 2>err &&
+	! grep "Unpacking objects" err &&
 	! grep "Writing objects" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success TTY 'quiet push' '
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
+
+	test_terminal git push --quiet --no-progress upstream master 2>&1 | tee output &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5524-pull-msg.sh b/t/t5524-pull-msg.sh
index 8cccecc2fc..c278adaa5a 100755
--- a/t/t5524-pull-msg.sh
+++ b/t/t5524-pull-msg.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		git commit -m "add bfile"
 	) &&
 	test_tick && test_tick &&
+	echo "second" >afile &&
+	git add afile &&
+	git commit -m "second commit" &&
 	echo "original $dollar" >afile &&
 	git add afile &&
 	git commit -m "do not clobber $dollar signs"
@@ -32,4 +35,18 @@ test_expect_success pull '
 )
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--log=1 limits shortlog length' '
+(
+	cd cloned &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	test "$(cat afile)" = original &&
+	test "$(cat bfile)" = added &&
+	git pull --log=1 &&
+	git log -3 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >result &&
+	grep Dollar result &&
+	! grep "second commit" result
+)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5525-fetch-tagopt.sh b/t/t5525-fetch-tagopt.sh
index 4fbf7a120f..45815f7378 100755
--- a/t/t5525-fetch-tagopt.sh
+++ b/t/t5525-fetch-tagopt.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ setup_clone () {
 	git clone --mirror . $1 &&
 	git remote add remote_$1 $1 &&
 	(cd $1 &&
-	git tag tag_$1)
+	git tag tag_$1 &&
+	git branch branch_$1)
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -21,21 +22,33 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_expect_success "fetch with tagopt=--no-tags does not get tag" '
 	git fetch remote_one &&
-	test_must_fail git show-ref tag_one
+	test_must_fail git show-ref tag_one &&
+	git show-ref remote_one/branch_one
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "fetch --tags with tagopt=--no-tags gets tag" '
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch second_branch_one
+	) &&
 	git fetch --tags remote_one &&
-	git show-ref tag_one
+	git show-ref tag_one &&
+	git show-ref remote_one/second_branch_one
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "fetch --no-tags with tagopt=--tags does not get tag" '
 	git fetch --no-tags remote_two &&
-	test_must_fail git show-ref tag_two
+	test_must_fail git show-ref tag_two &&
+	git show-ref remote_two/branch_two
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "fetch with tagopt=--tags gets tag" '
+	(
+		cd two &&
+		git branch second_branch_two
+	) &&
 	git fetch remote_two &&
-	git show-ref tag_two
+	git show-ref tag_two &&
+	git show-ref remote_two/second_branch_two
 	'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh b/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh
index ca5b027c55..954d0e43f5 100755
--- a/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh
+++ b/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ add_upstream_commit() {
 		git add subfile &&
 		git commit -m new subfile &&
 		head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
-		echo "From $pwd/submodule" > ../expect.err &&
+		echo "Fetching submodule submodule" > ../expect.err &&
+		echo "From $pwd/submodule" >> ../expect.err &&
 		echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> ../expect.err
 	) &&
 	(
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ add_upstream_commit() {
 		git add deepsubfile &&
 		git commit -m new deepsubfile &&
 		head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+		echo "Fetching submodule submodule/subdir/deepsubmodule" >> ../expect.err
 		echo "From $pwd/deepsubmodule" >> ../expect.err &&
 		echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> ../expect.err
 	)
@@ -56,9 +58,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
 		git submodule update --init --recursive
-	) &&
-	echo "Fetching submodule submodule" > expect.out &&
-	echo "Fetching submodule submodule/subdir/deepsubmodule" >> expect.out
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success "fetch --recurse-submodules recurses into submodules" '
@@ -67,10 +67,21 @@ test_expect_success "fetch --recurse-submodules recurses into submodules" '
 		cd downstream &&
 		git fetch --recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success "fetch --recurse-submodules -j2 has the same output behaviour" '
+	add_upstream_commit &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/../trace.out git fetch --recurse-submodules -j2 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	grep "2 tasks" trace.out
+'
+
 test_expect_success "fetch alone only fetches superproject" '
 	add_upstream_commit &&
 	(
@@ -96,7 +107,7 @@ test_expect_success "using fetchRecurseSubmodules=true in .gitmodules recurses i
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules true &&
 		git fetch >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
@@ -127,7 +138,7 @@ test_expect_success "--recurse-submodules overrides fetchRecurseSubmodules setti
 		git config --unset -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules &&
 		git config --unset submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
@@ -140,13 +151,22 @@ test_expect_success "--quiet propagates to submodules" '
 	! test -s actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success "--quiet propagates to parallel submodules" '
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		git fetch --recurse-submodules -j 2 --quiet  >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
+	) &&
+	! test -s actual.out &&
+	! test -s actual.err
+'
+
 test_expect_success "--dry-run propagates to submodules" '
 	add_upstream_commit &&
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
 		git fetch --recurse-submodules --dry-run >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
@@ -155,7 +175,7 @@ test_expect_success "Without --dry-run propagates to submodules" '
 		cd downstream &&
 		git fetch --recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
@@ -166,7 +186,7 @@ test_expect_success "recurseSubmodules=true propagates into submodules" '
 		git config fetch.recurseSubmodules true
 		git fetch >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
@@ -180,7 +200,7 @@ test_expect_success "--recurse-submodules overrides config in submodule" '
 		) &&
 		git fetch --recurse-submodules >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
@@ -214,16 +234,15 @@ test_expect_success "Recursion stops when no new submodule commits are fetched"
 	git add submodule &&
 	git commit -m "new submodule" &&
 	head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
-	echo "Fetching submodule submodule" > expect.out.sub &&
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err.sub &&
-	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err.sub
-	head -2 expect.err >> expect.err.sub &&
+	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >>expect.err.sub &&
+	head -3 expect.err >> expect.err.sub &&
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
 		git fetch >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
 	) &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err.sub actual.err &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out.sub actual.out
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success "Recursion doesn't happen when new superproject commits don't change any submodules" '
@@ -269,7 +288,7 @@ test_expect_success "Recursion picks up config in submodule" '
 		)
 	) &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err.sub actual.err &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success "Recursion picks up all submodules when necessary" '
@@ -285,7 +304,8 @@ test_expect_success "Recursion picks up all submodules when necessary" '
 		git add subdir/deepsubmodule &&
 		git commit -m "new deepsubmodule"
 		head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
-		echo "From $pwd/submodule" > ../expect.err.sub &&
+		echo "Fetching submodule submodule" > ../expect.err.sub &&
+		echo "From $pwd/submodule" >> ../expect.err.sub &&
 		echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> ../expect.err.sub
 	) &&
 	head1=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
@@ -295,13 +315,13 @@ test_expect_success "Recursion picks up all submodules when necessary" '
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err.2 &&
 	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err.2 &&
 	cat expect.err.sub >> expect.err.2 &&
-	tail -2 expect.err >> expect.err.2 &&
+	tail -3 expect.err >> expect.err.2 &&
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
 		git fetch >../actual.out 2>../actual.err
 	) &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err.2 actual.err &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success "'--recurse-submodules=on-demand' doesn't recurse when no new commits are fetched in the superproject (and ignores config)" '
@@ -315,9 +335,10 @@ test_expect_success "'--recurse-submodules=on-demand' doesn't recurse when no ne
 		) &&
 		head1=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
 		git add subdir/deepsubmodule &&
-		git commit -m "new deepsubmodule"
+		git commit -m "new deepsubmodule" &&
 		head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
-		echo "From $pwd/submodule" > ../expect.err.sub &&
+		echo Fetching submodule submodule > ../expect.err.sub &&
+		echo "From $pwd/submodule" >> ../expect.err.sub &&
 		echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> ../expect.err.sub
 	) &&
 	(
@@ -335,9 +356,9 @@ test_expect_success "'--recurse-submodules=on-demand' recurses as deep as necess
 	git add submodule &&
 	git commit -m "new submodule" &&
 	head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
-	tail -2 expect.err > expect.err.deepsub &&
+	tail -3 expect.err > expect.err.deepsub &&
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err &&
-	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err
+	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >>expect.err &&
 	cat expect.err.sub >> expect.err &&
 	cat expect.err.deepsub >> expect.err &&
 	(
@@ -354,7 +375,7 @@ test_expect_success "'--recurse-submodules=on-demand' recurses as deep as necess
 			git config --unset -f .gitmodules submodule.subdir/deepsubmodule.fetchRecursive
 		)
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
@@ -387,8 +408,8 @@ test_expect_success "'fetch.recurseSubmodules=on-demand' overrides global config
 	git commit -m "new submodule" &&
 	head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err.2 &&
-	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err.2
-	head -2 expect.err >> expect.err.2 &&
+	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >>expect.err.2 &&
+	head -3 expect.err >> expect.err.2 &&
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
 		git config fetch.recurseSubmodules on-demand &&
@@ -399,7 +420,7 @@ test_expect_success "'fetch.recurseSubmodules=on-demand' overrides global config
 		cd downstream &&
 		git config --unset fetch.recurseSubmodules
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out.sub actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err.2 actual.err
 '
 
@@ -415,8 +436,8 @@ test_expect_success "'submodule.<sub>.fetchRecurseSubmodules=on-demand' override
 	git commit -m "new submodule" &&
 	head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err.2 &&
-	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err.2
-	head -2 expect.err >> expect.err.2 &&
+	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >>expect.err.2 &&
+	head -3 expect.err >> expect.err.2 &&
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
 		git config submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules on-demand &&
@@ -427,7 +448,7 @@ test_expect_success "'submodule.<sub>.fetchRecurseSubmodules=on-demand' override
 		cd downstream &&
 		git config --unset submodule.submodule.fetchRecurseSubmodules
 	) &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect.out.sub actual.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.out &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err.2 actual.err
 '
 
@@ -450,4 +471,18 @@ test_expect_success "don't fetch submodule when newly recorded commits are alrea
 	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fetching submodules respects parallel settings' '
+	git config fetch.recurseSubmodules true &&
+	(
+		cd downstream &&
+		GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git fetch --jobs 7 &&
+		grep "7 tasks" trace.out &&
+		git config submodule.fetchJobs 8 &&
+		GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git fetch &&
+		grep "8 tasks" trace.out &&
+		GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git fetch --jobs 9 &&
+		grep "9 tasks" trace.out
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5527-fetch-odd-refs.sh b/t/t5527-fetch-odd-refs.sh
index edea9f957e..207899a99f 100755
--- a/t/t5527-fetch-odd-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t5527-fetch-odd-refs.sh
@@ -26,4 +26,37 @@ test_expect_success 'suffix ref is ignored during fetch' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'try to create repo with absurdly long refname' '
+	ref240=$_z40/$_z40/$_z40/$_z40/$_z40/$_z40 &&
+	ref1440=$ref240/$ref240/$ref240/$ref240/$ref240/$ref240 &&
+	git init long &&
+	(
+		cd long &&
+		test_commit long &&
+		test_commit master
+	) &&
+	if git -C long update-ref refs/heads/$ref1440 long; then
+		test_set_prereq LONG_REF
+	else
+		echo >&2 "long refs not supported"
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success LONG_REF 'fetch handles extremely long refname' '
+	git fetch long refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/long/* &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	long
+	master
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(subject)" refs/remotes/long >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success LONG_REF 'push handles extremely long refname' '
+	git push long :refs/heads/$ref1440 &&
+	git -C long for-each-ref --format="%(subject)" refs/heads >actual &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5528-push-default.sh b/t/t5528-push-default.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..73f4bb6346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5528-push-default.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check various push.default settings'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup bare remotes' '
+	git init --bare repo1 &&
+	git remote add parent1 repo1 &&
+	git init --bare repo2 &&
+	git remote add parent2 repo2 &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git push parent1 HEAD &&
+	git push parent2 HEAD
+'
+
+# $1 = local revision
+# $2 = remote revision (tested to be equal to the local one)
+# $3 = [optional] repo to check for actual output (repo1 by default)
+check_pushed_commit () {
+	git log -1 --format='%h %s' "$1" >expect &&
+	git --git-dir="${3:-repo1}" log -1 --format='%h %s' "$2" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+# $1 = push.default value
+# $2 = expected target branch for the push
+# $3 = [optional] repo to check for actual output (repo1 by default)
+test_push_success () {
+	git ${1:+-c} ${1:+push.default="$1"} push &&
+	check_pushed_commit HEAD "$2" "$3"
+}
+
+# $1 = push.default value
+# check that push fails and does not modify any remote branch
+test_push_failure () {
+	git --git-dir=repo1 log --no-walk --format='%h %s' --all >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git ${1:+-c} ${1:+push.default="$1"} push &&
+	git --git-dir=repo1 log --no-walk --format='%h %s' --all >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+# $1 = success or failure
+# $2 = push.default value
+# $3 = branch to check for actual output (master or foo)
+# $4 = [optional] switch to triangular workflow
+test_pushdefault_workflow () {
+	workflow=central
+	pushdefault=parent1
+	if test -n "${4-}"; then
+		workflow=triangular
+		pushdefault=parent2
+	fi
+	test_expect_success "push.default = $2 $1 in $workflow workflows" "
+		test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+		test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+		test_config remote.pushdefault $pushdefault &&
+		test_commit commit-for-$2${4+-triangular} &&
+		test_push_$1 $2 $3 ${4+repo2}
+	"
+}
+
+test_expect_success '"upstream" pushes to configured upstream' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_push_success upstream foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push on unconfigured remote' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_unconfig branch.master.remote &&
+	test_commit three &&
+	test_push_failure upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push on unconfigured branch' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_unconfig branch.master.merge &&
+	test_commit four &&
+	test_push_failure upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push when remotes do not match' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_config push.default upstream &&
+	test_commit five &&
+	test_must_fail git push parent2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from/to new branch with upstream, matching and simple' '
+	git checkout -b new-branch &&
+	test_push_failure simple &&
+	test_push_failure matching &&
+	test_push_failure upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from/to new branch with current creates remote branch' '
+	test_config branch.new-branch.remote repo1 &&
+	git checkout new-branch &&
+	test_push_success current new-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to existing branch, with no upstream configured' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote repo1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_push_failure simple &&
+	test_push_failure upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to existing branch, upstream configured with same name' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote repo1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit six &&
+	test_push_success upstream master &&
+	test_commit seven &&
+	test_push_success simple master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to existing branch, upstream configured with different name' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote repo1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/other-name &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit eight &&
+	test_push_success upstream other-name &&
+	test_commit nine &&
+	test_push_failure simple &&
+	git --git-dir=repo1 log -1 --format="%h %s" "other-name" >expect-other-name &&
+	test_push_success current master &&
+	git --git-dir=repo1 log -1 --format="%h %s" "other-name" >actual-other-name &&
+	test_cmp expect-other-name actual-other-name
+'
+
+# We are on 'master', which integrates with 'foo' from parent1
+# remote (set in test_pushdefault_workflow helper).  Push to
+# parent1 in centralized, and push to parent2 in triangular workflow.
+# The parent1 repository has 'master' and 'foo' branches, while
+# the parent2 repository has only 'master' branch.
+#
+# test_pushdefault_workflow() arguments:
+# $1 = success or failure
+# $2 = push.default value
+# $3 = branch to check for actual output (master or foo)
+# $4 = [optional] switch to triangular workflow
+
+# update parent1's master (which is not our upstream)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success current master
+
+# update parent1's foo (which is our upstream)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success upstream foo
+
+# upsream is foo which is not the name of the current branch
+test_pushdefault_workflow failure simple master
+
+# master and foo are updated
+test_pushdefault_workflow success matching master
+
+# master is updated
+test_pushdefault_workflow success current master triangular
+
+# upstream mode cannot be used in triangular
+test_pushdefault_workflow failure upstream foo triangular
+
+# in triangular, 'simple' works as 'current' and update the branch
+# with the same name.
+test_pushdefault_workflow success simple master triangular
+
+# master is updated (parent2 does not have foo)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success matching master triangular
+
+# default tests, when no push-default is specified. This
+# should behave the same as "simple" in non-triangular
+# settings, and as "current" otherwise.
+
+test_expect_success 'default behavior allows "simple" push' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault parent1 &&
+	test_commit default-master-master &&
+	test_push_success "" master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default behavior rejects non-simple push' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault parent1 &&
+	test_commit default-master-foo &&
+	test_push_failure ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default triangular behavior acts like "current"' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault parent2 &&
+	test_commit default-triangular &&
+	test_push_success "" master repo2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5529-push-errors.sh b/t/t5529-push-errors.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9871307fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5529-push-errors.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='detect some push errors early (before contacting remote)'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup commits' '
+	test_commit one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup remote' '
+	git init --bare remote.git &&
+	git remote add origin remote.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup fake receive-pack' '
+	FAKE_RP_ROOT=$(pwd) &&
+	export FAKE_RP_ROOT &&
+	write_script fake-rp <<-\EOF &&
+	echo yes >"$FAKE_RP_ROOT"/rp-ran
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	git config remote.origin.receivepack "\"\$FAKE_RP_ROOT/fake-rp\""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect missing branches early' '
+	echo no >rp-ran &&
+	echo no >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git push origin missing &&
+	test_cmp expect rp-ran
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect missing sha1 expressions early' '
+	echo no >rp-ran &&
+	echo no >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git push origin master~2:master &&
+	test_cmp expect rp-ran
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect ambiguous refs early' '
+	git branch foo &&
+	git tag foo &&
+	echo no >rp-ran &&
+	echo no >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git push origin foo &&
+	test_cmp expect rp-ran
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
index 6b2a5f4a65..4f6e32b04c 100755
--- a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
+++ b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ test_description='errors in upload-pack'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-D=`pwd`
+D=$(pwd)
 
 corrupt_repo () {
 	object_sha1=$(git rev-parse "$1") &&
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails due to error in pack-objects packing' '
 	printf "0032want %s\n00000009done\n0000" \
 		$(git rev-parse HEAD) >input &&
 	test_must_fail git upload-pack . <input >/dev/null 2>output.err &&
-	grep "unable to read" output.err &&
-	grep "pack-objects died" output.err
+	test_i18ngrep "unable to read" output.err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "pack-objects died" output.err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'corrupt repo differently' '
@@ -54,9 +54,6 @@ test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails due to error in rev-list' '
 	printf "0032want %s\n0034shallow %s00000009done\n0000" \
 		$(git rev-parse HEAD) $(git rev-parse HEAD^) >input &&
 	test_must_fail git upload-pack . <input >/dev/null 2>output.err &&
-	# pack-objects survived
-	grep "Total.*, reused" output.err &&
-	# but there was an error, which must have been in rev-list
 	grep "bad tree object" output.err
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
index 30bec4b5f9..198ce84754 100755
--- a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	(
 		cd work &&
 		git init &&
+		git config push.default matching &&
 		mkdir -p gar/bage &&
 		(
 			cd gar/bage &&
 			git init &&
+			git config push.default matching &&
 			>junk &&
 			git add junk &&
 			git commit -m "Initial junk"
@@ -62,7 +64,12 @@ test_expect_success 'push fails if submodule commit not on remote' '
 		cd work &&
 		git add gar/bage &&
 		git commit -m "Third commit for gar/bage" &&
-		test_must_fail git push --recurse-submodules=check ../pub.git master
+		# the push should fail with --recurse-submodules=check
+		# on the command line...
+		test_must_fail git push --recurse-submodules=check ../pub.git master &&
+
+		# ...or if specified in the configuration..
+		test_must_fail git -c push.recurseSubmodules=check push ../pub.git master
 	)
 '
 
@@ -77,6 +84,216 @@ test_expect_success 'push succeeds after commit was pushed to remote' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule commit not on remote but using on-demand on command line' '
+	(
+		cd work/gar/bage &&
+		>recurse-on-demand-on-command-line &&
+		git add recurse-on-demand-on-command-line &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on-demand on command line junk"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on-demand on command line for gar/bage" &&
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the supermodule commit got there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		# Check that the submodule commit got there too
+		cd gar/bage &&
+		git diff --quiet origin/master master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule commit not on remote but using on-demand from config' '
+	(
+		cd work/gar/bage &&
+		>recurse-on-demand-from-config &&
+		git add recurse-on-demand-from-config &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on-demand from config junk"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on-demand from config for gar/bage" &&
+		git -c push.recurseSubmodules=on-demand push ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the supermodule commit got there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		# Check that the submodule commit got there too
+		cd gar/bage &&
+		git diff --quiet origin/master master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push recurse-submodules on command line overrides config' '
+	(
+		cd work/gar/bage &&
+		>recurse-check-on-command-line-overriding-config &&
+		git add recurse-check-on-command-line-overriding-config &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on command-line overriding config junk"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on command-line overriding config for gar/bage" &&
+
+		# Ensure that we can override on-demand in the config
+		# to just check submodules
+		test_must_fail git -c push.recurseSubmodules=on-demand push --recurse-submodules=check ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the supermodule commit did not get there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master^ &&
+		# Check that the submodule commit did not get there
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^) &&
+
+		# Ensure that we can override check in the config to
+		# disable submodule recursion entirely
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^) &&
+		git -c push.recurseSubmodules=on-demand push --recurse-submodules=no ../pub.git master &&
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^) &&
+
+		# Ensure that we can override check in the config to
+		# disable submodule recursion entirely (alternative form)
+		git -c push.recurseSubmodules=on-demand push --no-recurse-submodules ../pub.git master &&
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^) &&
+
+		# Ensure that we can override check in the config to
+		# push the submodule too
+		git -c push.recurseSubmodules=check push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master &&
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push recurse-submodules last one wins on command line' '
+	(
+		cd work/gar/bage &&
+		>recurse-check-on-command-line-overriding-earlier-command-line &&
+		git add recurse-check-on-command-line-overriding-earlier-command-line &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on command-line overridiing earlier command-line junk"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on command-line overriding earlier command-line for gar/bage" &&
+
+		# should result in "check"
+		test_must_fail git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand --recurse-submodules=check ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the supermodule commit did not get there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master^ &&
+		# Check that the submodule commit did not get there
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^) &&
+
+		# should result in "no"
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand --recurse-submodules=no ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the supermodule commit did get there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		# Check that the submodule commit did not get there
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^) &&
+
+		# should result in "no"
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand --no-recurse-submodules ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the submodule commit did not get there
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^) &&
+
+		# But the options in the other order should push the submodule
+		git push --recurse-submodules=check --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the submodule commit did get there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		(cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule commit not on remote using on-demand from cmdline overriding config' '
+	(
+		cd work/gar/bage &&
+		>recurse-on-demand-on-command-line-overriding-config &&
+		git add recurse-on-demand-on-command-line-overriding-config &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on-demand on command-line overriding config junk"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse on-demand on command-line overriding config for gar/bage" &&
+		git -c push.recurseSubmodules=check push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the supermodule commit got there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		# Check that the submodule commit got there
+		cd gar/bage &&
+		git diff --quiet origin/master master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule commit disabling recursion from cmdline overriding config' '
+	(
+		cd work/gar/bage &&
+		>recurse-disable-on-command-line-overriding-config &&
+		git add recurse-disable-on-command-line-overriding-config &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse disable on command-line overriding config junk"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse disable on command-line overriding config for gar/bage" &&
+		git -c push.recurseSubmodules=check push --recurse-submodules=no ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the supermodule commit got there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		# But that the submodule commit did not
+		( cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^ ) &&
+		# Now push it to avoid confusing future tests
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule commit disabling recursion from cmdline (alternative form) overriding config' '
+	(
+		cd work/gar/bage &&
+		>recurse-disable-on-command-line-alt-overriding-config &&
+		git add recurse-disable-on-command-line-alt-overriding-config &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse disable on command-line alternative overriding config junk"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse disable on command-line alternative overriding config for gar/bage" &&
+		git -c push.recurseSubmodules=check push --no-recurse-submodules ../pub.git master &&
+		# Check that the supermodule commit got there
+		git fetch ../pub.git &&
+		git diff --quiet FETCH_HEAD master &&
+		# But that the submodule commit did not
+		( cd gar/bage && git diff --quiet origin/master master^ ) &&
+		# Now push it to avoid confusing future tests
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push fails if recurse submodules option passed as yes' '
+	(
+		cd work/gar/bage &&
+		>recurse-push-fails-if-recurse-submodules-passed-as-yes &&
+		git add recurse-push-fails-if-recurse-submodules-passed-as-yes &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse push fails if recurse submodules option passed as yes"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Recurse push fails if recurse submodules option passed as yes for gar/bage" &&
+		test_must_fail git push --recurse-submodules=yes ../pub.git master &&
+		test_must_fail git -c push.recurseSubmodules=yes push ../pub.git master &&
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'push fails when commit on multiple branches if one branch has no remote' '
 	(
 		cd work/gar/bage &&
@@ -102,7 +319,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push fails when commit on multiple branches if one branch h
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule has no remote and is on the first superproject commit' '
-	git init --bare a
+	git init --bare a &&
 	git clone a a1 &&
 	(
 		cd a1 &&
@@ -119,4 +336,98 @@ test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule has no remote and is on the firs
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push unpushed submodules when not needed' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			git checkout master &&
+			>junk5 &&
+			git add junk5 &&
+			git commit -m "Fifth junk" &&
+			git push &&
+			git rev-parse origin/master >../../../expected
+		) &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Fifth commit for gar/bage" &&
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push unpushed submodules when not needed 2' '
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../expected
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			>junk6 &&
+			git add junk6 &&
+			git commit -m "Sixth junk"
+		) &&
+		>junk2 &&
+		git add junk2 &&
+		git commit -m "Second junk for work" &&
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push unpushed submodules recursively' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			git checkout master &&
+			> junk7 &&
+			git add junk7 &&
+			git commit -m "Seventh junk" &&
+			git rev-parse master >../../../expected
+		) &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Seventh commit for gar/bage" &&
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push unpushable submodule recursively fails' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			git rev-parse origin/master >../../../expected &&
+			git checkout master~0 &&
+			> junk8 &&
+			git add junk8 &&
+			git commit -m "Eighth junk"
+		) &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Eighth commit for gar/bage" &&
+		test_must_fail git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh b/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
index 62f2460047..51c9669398 100755
--- a/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
+++ b/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup remote repo' '
 	)
 '
 
-cat >proxy <<'EOF'
-#!/bin/sh
-echo >&2 "proxying for $*"
-cmd=`perl -e '
+test_expect_success 'setup proxy script' '
+	write_script proxy-get-cmd "$PERL_PATH" <<-\EOF &&
 	read(STDIN, $buf, 4);
 	my $n = hex($buf) - 4;
 	read(STDIN, $buf, $n);
@@ -23,11 +21,16 @@ cmd=`perl -e '
 	# drop absolute-path on repo name
 	$cmd =~ s{ /}{ };
 	print $cmd;
-'`
-echo >&2 "Running '$cmd'"
-exec $cmd
-EOF
-chmod +x proxy
+	EOF
+
+	write_script proxy <<-\EOF
+	echo >&2 "proxying for $*"
+	cmd=$(./proxy-get-cmd)
+	echo >&2 "Running $cmd"
+	exec $cmd
+	EOF
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup local repo' '
 	git remote add fake git://example.com/remote &&
 	git config core.gitproxy ./proxy
diff --git a/t/t5533-push-cas.sh b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c7320121ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='compare & swap push force/delete safety'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+setup_srcdst_basic () {
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git clone --no-local . src &&
+	git clone --no-local src dst &&
+	(
+		cd src && git checkout HEAD^0
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	# create template repository
+	test_commit A &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	test_commit C
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master:master origin master 2>err &&
+		grep "stale info" err
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote . refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master:master origin master 2>err &&
+		grep "forced update" err
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, tracking)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master origin master &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, tracking, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed, tracking)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin master 2>err &&
+		! grep "forced update" err
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed even though no-ff)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin master 2>err &&
+		grep "forced update" err
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin :master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (protected, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin :master
+	) &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin :master 2>err &&
+		grep deleted err
+	) &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover everything with default force-with-lease (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git branch naster master^
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/\* >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease origin master master:naster
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/\* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover everything with default force-with-lease (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git branch naster master^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git push --force-with-lease origin master master:naster
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master |
+	sed -e "s/master/naster/" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/naster >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5534-push-signed.sh b/t/t5534-push-signed.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ecb8d446a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5534-push-signed.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='signed push'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+
+prepare_dst () {
+	rm -fr dst &&
+	test_create_repo dst &&
+
+	git push dst master:noop master:ff master:noff
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	# master, ff and noff branches pointing at the same commit
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b noop &&
+	git checkout -b ff &&
+	git checkout -b noff &&
+
+	# noop stays the same, ff advances, noff rewrites
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty --amend -m rewritten &&
+	git checkout ff &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unsigned push does not send push certificate' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	# discard the update list
+	cat >/dev/null
+	# record the push certificate
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi
+	EOF
+
+	git push dst noop ff +noff &&
+	! test -f dst/push-cert
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'talking with a receiver without push certificate support' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	# discard the update list
+	cat >/dev/null
+	# record the push certificate
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi
+	EOF
+
+	git push dst noop ff +noff &&
+	! test -f dst/push-cert
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --signed fails with a receiver without push certificate support' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	test_must_fail git push --signed dst noop ff +noff 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "the receiving end does not support" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'no certificate for a signed push with no update' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi
+	EOF
+	git push dst noop &&
+	! test -f dst/push-cert
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'signed push sends push certificate' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	git -C dst config receive.certnonceseed sekrit &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	# discard the update list
+	cat >/dev/null
+	# record the push certificate
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi &&
+
+	cat >../push-cert-status <<E_O_F
+	SIGNER=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER-nobody}
+	KEY=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY-nokey}
+	STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS-nostatus}
+	NONCE_STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS-nononcestatus}
+	NONCE=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE-nononce}
+	E_O_F
+
+	EOF
+
+	git push --signed dst noop ff +noff &&
+
+	(
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		SIGNER=C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		KEY=13B6F51ECDDE430D
+		STATUS=G
+		NONCE_STATUS=OK
+		EOF
+		sed -n -e "s/^nonce /NONCE=/p" -e "/^$/q" dst/push-cert
+	) >expect &&
+
+	grep "$(git rev-parse noop ff) refs/heads/ff" dst/push-cert &&
+	grep "$(git rev-parse noop noff) refs/heads/noff" dst/push-cert &&
+	test_cmp expect dst/push-cert-status
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'fail without key and heed user.signingkey' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	git -C dst config receive.certnonceseed sekrit &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	# discard the update list
+	cat >/dev/null
+	# record the push certificate
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi &&
+
+	cat >../push-cert-status <<E_O_F
+	SIGNER=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER-nobody}
+	KEY=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY-nokey}
+	STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS-nostatus}
+	NONCE_STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS-nononcestatus}
+	NONCE=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE-nononce}
+	E_O_F
+
+	EOF
+
+	unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	git config user.email hasnokey@nowhere.com &&
+	test_must_fail git push --signed dst noop ff +noff &&
+	git config user.signingkey committer@example.com &&
+	git push --signed dst noop ff +noff &&
+
+	(
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		SIGNER=C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		KEY=13B6F51ECDDE430D
+		STATUS=G
+		NONCE_STATUS=OK
+		EOF
+		sed -n -e "s/^nonce /NONCE=/p" -e "/^$/q" dst/push-cert
+	) >expect &&
+
+	grep "$(git rev-parse noop ff) refs/heads/ff" dst/push-cert &&
+	grep "$(git rev-parse noop noff) refs/heads/noff" dst/push-cert &&
+	test_cmp expect dst/push-cert-status
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8ed58d27f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='avoiding conflicting update thru symref aliasing'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	git clone . src &&
+	git clone src dst1 &&
+	git clone src dst2 &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	( cd src && git pull )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push' '
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git push ../dst1 "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst1 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst1 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch' '
+	(
+		cd dst2 &&
+		git fetch ../src "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst2 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst2 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5536-fetch-conflicts.sh b/t/t5536-fetch-conflicts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6c5d3a4ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5536-fetch-conflicts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetch handles conflicting refspecs correctly'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=$(pwd)
+
+setup_repository () {
+	git init "$1" && (
+		cd "$1" &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$D" &&
+		shift &&
+		for refspec in "$@"
+		do
+			git config --add remote.origin.fetch "$refspec"
+		done
+	)
+}
+
+verify_stderr () {
+	cat >expected &&
+	# We're not interested in the error
+	# "fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly":
+	grep -E '^(fatal|warning):' <error | grep -v 'hung up' >actual | sort &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "Initial" &&
+	git branch branch1 &&
+	git tag tag1 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "First" &&
+	git branch branch2 &&
+	git tag tag2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with no conflict' '
+	setup_repository ok "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" && (
+		cd ok &&
+		git fetch origin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch conflict: config vs. config' '
+	setup_repository ccc \
+		"+refs/heads/branch1:refs/remotes/origin/branch1" \
+		"+refs/heads/branch2:refs/remotes/origin/branch1" && (
+		cd ccc &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch origin 2>error &&
+		verify_stderr <<-\EOF
+		fatal: Cannot fetch both refs/heads/branch1 and refs/heads/branch2 to refs/remotes/origin/branch1
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch duplicate: config vs. config' '
+	setup_repository dcc \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" \
+		"+refs/heads/branch1:refs/remotes/origin/branch1" && (
+		cd dcc &&
+		git fetch origin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch conflict: arg overrides config' '
+	setup_repository aoc \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" && (
+		cd aoc &&
+		git fetch origin refs/heads/branch2:refs/remotes/origin/branch1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch conflict: arg vs. arg' '
+	setup_repository caa && (
+		cd caa &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch origin \
+			refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* \
+			refs/heads/branch2:refs/remotes/origin/branch1 2>error &&
+		verify_stderr <<-\EOF
+		fatal: Cannot fetch both refs/heads/branch1 and refs/heads/branch2 to refs/remotes/origin/branch1
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch conflict: criss-cross args' '
+	setup_repository xaa \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" && (
+		cd xaa &&
+		git fetch origin \
+			refs/heads/branch1:refs/remotes/origin/branch2 \
+			refs/heads/branch2:refs/remotes/origin/branch1 2>error &&
+		verify_stderr <<-\EOF
+		warning: refs/remotes/origin/branch1 usually tracks refs/heads/branch1, not refs/heads/branch2
+		warning: refs/remotes/origin/branch2 usually tracks refs/heads/branch2, not refs/heads/branch1
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh b/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..df8d2f095a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetch/clone from a shallow clone'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+commit() {
+	echo "$1" >tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	commit 1 &&
+	commit 2 &&
+	commit 3 &&
+	commit 4 &&
+	git config --global transfer.fsckObjects true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup shallow clone' '
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 .git shallow &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from shallow clone' '
+	git clone --no-local shallow shallow2 &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch from shallow clone' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	commit 5
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s origin/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --depth from shallow clone' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	commit 6
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fetch --depth=2 &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s origin/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+6
+5
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --unshallow from shallow clone' '
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fetch --unshallow &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s origin/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+6
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch something upstream has but hidden by clients shallow boundaries' '
+	# the blob "1" is available in .git but hidden by the
+	# shallow2/.git/shallow and it should be resent
+	! git --git-dir=shallow2/.git cat-file blob $(echo 1|git hash-object --stdin) >/dev/null &&
+	echo 1 >1.t &&
+	git add 1.t &&
+	git commit -m add-1-back &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fetch ../.git +refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/top/master &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s top/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+add-1-back
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	) &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow2/.git cat-file blob $(echo 1|git hash-object --stdin) >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch that requires changes in .git/shallow is filtered' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	git checkout --orphan no-shallow &&
+	commit no-shallow
+	) &&
+	git init notshallow &&
+	(
+	cd notshallow &&
+	git fetch ../shallow/.git refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/shallow/*&&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" >actual.refs &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect.refs &&
+refs/remotes/shallow/no-shallow
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect.refs actual.refs &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow/no-shallow >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+no-shallow
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --update-shallow' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	commit 7 &&
+	git tag -m foo heavy-tag HEAD^ &&
+	git tag light-tag HEAD^:tracked
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd notshallow &&
+	git fetch --update-shallow ../shallow/.git refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/shallow/* &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git for-each-ref --sort=refname --format="%(refname)" >actual.refs &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect.refs &&
+refs/remotes/shallow/master
+refs/remotes/shallow/no-shallow
+refs/tags/heavy-tag
+refs/tags/light-tag
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect.refs actual.refs &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'shallow fetch from a read-only repo' '
+	cp -R .git read-only.git &&
+	find read-only.git -print | xargs chmod -w &&
+	test_when_finished "find read-only.git -type d -print | xargs chmod +w" &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 read-only.git from-read-only &&
+	git --git-dir=from-read-only/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+add-1-back
+4
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5538-push-shallow.sh b/t/t5538-push-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ecbf84d21c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5538-push-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='push from/to a shallow clone'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+commit() {
+	echo "$1" >tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config --global transfer.fsckObjects true &&
+	commit 1 &&
+	commit 2 &&
+	commit 3 &&
+	commit 4 &&
+	git clone . full &&
+	(
+	git init full-abc &&
+	cd full-abc &&
+	commit a &&
+	commit b &&
+	commit c
+	) &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 .git shallow &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 full-abc/.git shallow2 &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow2/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+c
+b
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from shallow clone' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	commit 5 &&
+	git push ../.git +master:refs/remotes/shallow/master
+	) &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow/master >actual &&
+	git fsck &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from shallow clone, with grafted roots' '
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	test_must_fail git push ../.git +master:refs/remotes/shallow2/master 2>err &&
+	grep "shallow2/master.*shallow update not allowed" err
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse shallow2/master &&
+	git fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add new shallow root with receive.updateshallow on' '
+	test_config receive.shallowupdate true &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git push ../.git +master:refs/remotes/shallow2/master
+	) &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow2/master >actual &&
+	git fsck &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+c
+b
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from shallow to shallow' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	git --git-dir=../shallow2/.git config receive.shallowupdate true &&
+	git push ../shallow2/.git +master:refs/remotes/shallow/master &&
+	git --git-dir=../shallow2/.git config receive.shallowupdate false
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow/master >actual &&
+	git fsck &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from full to shallow' '
+	! git --git-dir=shallow2/.git cat-file blob $(echo 1|git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	commit 1 &&
+	git push shallow2/.git +master:refs/remotes/top/master &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git log --format=%s top/master >actual &&
+	git fsck &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+1
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git cat-file blob $(echo 1|git hash-object --stdin) >/dev/null
+	)
+'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh b/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..37a433504e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetch/clone from a shallow clone over http'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+commit() {
+	echo "$1" >tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup shallow clone' '
+	commit 1 &&
+	commit 2 &&
+	commit 3 &&
+	commit 4 &&
+	commit 5 &&
+	commit 6 &&
+	commit 7 &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=5 .git shallow &&
+	git config --global transfer.fsckObjects true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
+	git clone --bare --no-local shallow "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git clone &&
+	(
+	cd clone &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s origin/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+# This test is tricky. We need large enough "have"s that fetch-pack
+# will put pkt-flush in between. Then we need a "have" the server
+# does not have, it'll send "ACK %s ready"
+test_expect_success 'no shallow lines after receiving ACK ready' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		test_tick &&
+		for i in $(test_seq 15)
+		do
+			git checkout --orphan unrelated$i &&
+			test_commit unrelated$i &&
+			git push -q "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+				refs/heads/unrelated$i:refs/heads/unrelated$i &&
+			git push -q ../clone/.git \
+				refs/heads/unrelated$i:refs/heads/unrelated$i ||
+			exit 1
+		done &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit new &&
+		git push  "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd clone &&
+		git checkout --orphan newnew &&
+		test_commit new-too &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" git fetch --depth=2 &&
+		grep "fetch-pack< ACK .* ready" ../trace &&
+		! grep "fetch-pack> done" ../trace
+	)
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5540-http-push.sh b/t/t5540-http-push-webdav.sh
index 1eea647656..88ff5a49e4 100755
--- a/t/t5540-http-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5540-http-push-webdav.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ then
 fi
 
 LIB_HTTPD_DAV=t
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5540'}
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
 ROOT_PATH="$PWD"
 start_httpd
@@ -46,15 +45,7 @@ test_expect_success 'create password-protected repository' '
 	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup askpass helper' '
-	cat >askpass <<-\EOF &&
-	#!/bin/sh
-	echo user@host
-	EOF
-	chmod +x askpass &&
-	GIT_ASKPASS="$PWD/askpass" &&
-	export GIT_ASKPASS
-'
+setup_askpass_helper
 
 test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
 	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
@@ -117,7 +108,7 @@ test_expect_success 'http-push fetches packed objects' '
 	# By reset, we force git to retrieve the packed object
 	(cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone_packed &&
 	 git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 git remote remove origin &&
 	 git reflog expire --expire=0 --all &&
 	 git prune &&
 	 git push -f -v $HTTPD_URL/dumb/test_repo_packed.git master)
@@ -162,6 +153,7 @@ test_http_push_nonff "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
 
 test_expect_success 'push to password-protected repository (user in URL)' '
 	test_commit pw-user &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
 	git push "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" HEAD &&
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect &&
 	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" \
@@ -169,9 +161,15 @@ test_expect_success 'push to password-protected repository (user in URL)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'user was prompted only once for password' '
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
 test_expect_failure 'push to password-protected repository (no user in URL)' '
 	test_commit pw-nouser &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
 	git push "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" HEAD &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect &&
 	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" \
 		rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh b/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fd7d06b9a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Clemens Buchacher <drizzd@aon.at>
+#
+
+test_description='test smart pushing over http via http-backend'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+ROOT_PATH="$PWD"
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup remote repository' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	mkdir test_repo &&
+	cd test_repo &&
+	git init &&
+	: >path1 &&
+	git add path1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	cd - &&
+	git clone --bare test_repo test_repo.git &&
+	cd test_repo.git &&
+	git config http.receivepack true &&
+	git config core.logallrefupdates true &&
+	ORIG_HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	cd - &&
+	mv test_repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
+'
+
+setup_askpass_helper
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'no empty path components' '
+	# In the URL, add a trailing slash, and see if git appends yet another
+	# slash.
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git/ test_repo_clone &&
+
+	sed -e "
+		s/^.* \"//
+		s/\"//
+		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
+		s/^GET /GET  /
+	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
+
+	# Clear the log, so that it does not affect the "used receive-pack
+	# service" test which reads the log too.
+	#
+	# We do this before the actual comparison to ensure the log is cleared.
+	echo > "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
+
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
+	rm -rf test_repo_clone &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git test_repo_clone &&
+	(
+		cd test_repo_clone && git config push.default matching
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to remote repository (standard)' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	: >path2 &&
+	git add path2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m path2 &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git push -v -v 2>err &&
+	! grep "Expect: 100-continue" err &&
+	grep "POST git-receive-pack ([0-9]* bytes)" err &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push already up-to-date' '
+	git push
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create and delete remote branch' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	git checkout -b dev &&
+	: >path3 &&
+	git add path3 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m dev &&
+	git push origin dev &&
+	git push origin :dev &&
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify refs/remotes/origin/dev
+'
+
+cat >"$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git/hooks/update" <<EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 1
+EOF
+chmod a+x "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git/hooks/update"
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+remote: error: hook declined to update refs/heads/dev2
+To http://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT/smart/test_repo.git
+ ! [remote rejected] dev2 -> dev2 (hook declined)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'http://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT/smart/test_repo.git'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rejected update prints status' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	git checkout -b dev2 &&
+	: >path4 &&
+	git add path4 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m dev2 &&
+	test_must_fail git push origin dev2 2>act &&
+	sed -e "/^remote: /s/ *$//" <act >cmp &&
+	test_cmp exp cmp
+'
+rm -f "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git/hooks/update"
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'used receive-pack service' '
+	sed -e "
+		s/^.* \"//
+		s/\"//
+		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
+		s/^GET /GET  /
+	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_http_push_nonff "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
+	"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone master 		success
+
+test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper' '
+	# create a dissimilarly-named remote ref so that git is unable to match the
+	# two refs (viz. local, remote) unless an explicit refspec is provided.
+	git push origin master:retsam &&
+
+	echo "change changed" > path2 &&
+	git commit -a -m path2 --amend &&
+
+	# push master too; this ensures there is at least one '"'push'"' command to
+	# the remote helper and triggers interaction with the helper.
+	test_must_fail git push -v origin +master master:retsam >output 2>&1'
+
+test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper: remote output' '
+	grep "^ + [a-f0-9]*\.\.\.[a-f0-9]* *master -> master (forced update)$" output &&
+	grep "^ ! \[rejected\] *master -> retsam (non-fast-forward)$" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper: our output' '
+	test_i18ngrep "Updates were rejected because" \
+		output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push (chunked)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit commit path3 &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test_config http.postbuffer 4 &&
+	git push -v -v origin $BRANCH 2>err &&
+	grep "POST git-receive-pack (chunked)" err &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --all can push to empty repo' '
+	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/empty-all.git &&
+	git init --bare "$d" &&
+	git --git-dir="$d" config http.receivepack true &&
+	git push --all "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/empty-all.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --mirror can push to empty repo' '
+	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/empty-mirror.git &&
+	git init --bare "$d" &&
+	git --git-dir="$d" config http.receivepack true &&
+	git push --mirror "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/empty-mirror.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --all to repo with alternates' '
+	s=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git &&
+	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/alternates-all.git &&
+	git clone --bare --shared "$s" "$d" &&
+	git --git-dir="$d" config http.receivepack true &&
+	git --git-dir="$d" repack -adl &&
+	git push --all "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/alternates-all.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --mirror to repo with alternates' '
+	s=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git &&
+	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/alternates-mirror.git &&
+	git clone --bare --shared "$s" "$d" &&
+	git --git-dir="$d" config http.receivepack true &&
+	git --git-dir="$d" repack -adl &&
+	git push --mirror "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/alternates-mirror.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'push shows progress when stderr is a tty' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit noisy &&
+	test_terminal git push >output 2>&1 &&
+	grep "^Writing objects" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'push --quiet silences status and progress' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit quiet &&
+	test_terminal git push --quiet >output 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null output
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'push --no-progress silences progress but not status' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit no-progress &&
+	test_terminal git push --no-progress >output 2>&1 &&
+	grep "^To http" output &&
+	! grep "^Writing objects"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --progress shows progress to non-tty' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit progress &&
+	git push --progress >output 2>&1 &&
+	grep "^To http" output &&
+	grep "^Writing objects" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http push gives sane defaults to reflog' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit reflog-test &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -g -1 --format="%gn <%ge>" >actual &&
+	echo "anonymous <anonymous@http.127.0.0.1>" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http push respects GIT_COMMITTER_* in reflog' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit custom-reflog-test &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/smart_custom_env/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -g -1 --format="%gn <%ge>" >actual &&
+	echo "Custom User <custom@example.com>" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push over smart http with auth' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/test_repo_clone" &&
+	echo push-auth-test >expect &&
+	test_commit push-auth-test &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/auth/smart/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to auth-only-for-push repo' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/test_repo_clone" &&
+	echo push-half-auth >expect &&
+	test_commit push-half-auth &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/auth-push/smart/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create repo without http.receivepack set' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git init half-auth &&
+	(
+		cd half-auth &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
+	git clone --bare half-auth "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone via half-auth-complete does not need password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL"/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git \
+		half-auth-clone &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push into half-auth-complete requires password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/half-auth-clone" &&
+	echo two >expect &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git" &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success CMDLINE_LIMIT 'push 2000 tags over http' '
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_seq 2000 |
+	  sort |
+	  sed "s|.*|$sha1 refs/tags/really-long-tag-name-&|" \
+	  >.git/packed-refs &&
+	run_with_limited_cmdline git push --mirror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push with post-receive to inspect certificate' '
+	(
+		cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+		mkdir -p hooks &&
+		write_script hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+		# discard the update list
+		cat >/dev/null
+		# record the push certificate
+		if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+		then
+			git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+		fi &&
+		cat >../push-cert-status <<E_O_F
+		SIGNER=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER-nobody}
+		KEY=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY-nokey}
+		STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS-nostatus}
+		NONCE_STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS-nononcestatus}
+		NONCE=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE-nononce}
+		E_O_F
+		EOF
+
+		git config receive.certnonceseed sekrit &&
+		git config receive.certnonceslop 30
+	) &&
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/test_repo_clone" &&
+	test_commit cert-test &&
+	git push --signed "$HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH" &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		SIGNER=C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		KEY=13B6F51ECDDE430D
+		STATUS=G
+		NONCE_STATUS=OK
+		EOF
+		sed -n -e "s/^nonce /NONCE=/p" -e "/^$/q" push-cert
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/push-cert-status"
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push.sh b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 9b85d420c3..0000000000
--- a/t/t5541-http-push.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2008 Clemens Buchacher <drizzd@aon.at>
-#
-
-test_description='test smart pushing over http via http-backend'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
-	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-ROOT_PATH="$PWD"
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5541'}
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
-start_httpd
-
-test_expect_success 'setup remote repository' '
-	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
-	mkdir test_repo &&
-	cd test_repo &&
-	git init &&
-	: >path1 &&
-	git add path1 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m initial &&
-	cd - &&
-	git clone --bare test_repo test_repo.git &&
-	cd test_repo.git &&
-	git config http.receivepack true &&
-	ORIG_HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	cd - &&
-	mv test_repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
-'
-
-cat >exp <<EOF
-GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'no empty path components' '
-	# In the URL, add a trailing slash, and see if git appends yet another
-	# slash.
-	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git/ test_repo_clone &&
-
-	sed -e "
-		s/^.* \"//
-		s/\"//
-		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
-		s/^GET /GET  /
-	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
-
-	# Clear the log, so that it does not affect the "used receive-pack
-	# service" test which reads the log too.
-	#
-	# We do this before the actual comparison to ensure the log is cleared.
-	echo > "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
-
-	test_cmp exp act
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
-	rm -rf test_repo_clone &&
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git test_repo_clone
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push to remote repository (standard)' '
-	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
-	: >path2 &&
-	git add path2 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m path2 &&
-	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git push -v -v 2>err &&
-	! grep "Expect: 100-continue" err &&
-	grep "POST git-receive-pack ([0-9]* bytes)" err &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
-	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push already up-to-date' '
-	git push
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create and delete remote branch' '
-	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
-	git checkout -b dev &&
-	: >path3 &&
-	git add path3 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m dev &&
-	git push origin dev &&
-	git push origin :dev &&
-	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify refs/remotes/origin/dev
-'
-
-cat >exp <<EOF
-
-GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'used receive-pack service' '
-	sed -e "
-		s/^.* \"//
-		s/\"//
-		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
-		s/^GET /GET  /
-	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
-	test_cmp exp act
-'
-
-test_http_push_nonff "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
-	"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone master
-
-test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper' '
-	# create a dissimilarly-named remote ref so that git is unable to match the
-	# two refs (viz. local, remote) unless an explicit refspec is provided.
-	git push origin master:retsam
-
-	echo "change changed" > path2 &&
-	git commit -a -m path2 --amend &&
-
-	# push master too; this ensures there is at least one '"'push'"' command to
-	# the remote helper and triggers interaction with the helper.
-	test_must_fail git push -v origin +master master:retsam >output 2>&1'
-
-test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper: remote output' '
-	grep "^ + [a-f0-9]*\.\.\.[a-f0-9]* *master -> master (forced update)$" output &&
-	grep "^ ! \[rejected\] *master -> retsam (non-fast-forward)$" output
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper: our output' '
-	test_i18ngrep "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected" \
-		output
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push (chunked)' '
-	git checkout master &&
-	test_commit commit path3 &&
-	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	git config http.postbuffer 4 &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset http.postbuffer" &&
-	git push -v -v origin $BRANCH 2>err &&
-	grep "POST git-receive-pack (chunked)" err &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
-	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push --all can push to empty repo' '
-	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/empty-all.git &&
-	git init --bare "$d" &&
-	git --git-dir="$d" config http.receivepack true &&
-	git push --all "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/empty-all.git
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push --mirror can push to empty repo' '
-	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/empty-mirror.git &&
-	git init --bare "$d" &&
-	git --git-dir="$d" config http.receivepack true &&
-	git push --mirror "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/empty-mirror.git
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push --all to repo with alternates' '
-	s=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git &&
-	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/alternates-all.git &&
-	git clone --bare --shared "$s" "$d" &&
-	git --git-dir="$d" config http.receivepack true &&
-	git --git-dir="$d" repack -adl &&
-	git push --all "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/alternates-all.git
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push --mirror to repo with alternates' '
-	s=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git &&
-	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/alternates-mirror.git &&
-	git clone --bare --shared "$s" "$d" &&
-	git --git-dir="$d" config http.receivepack true &&
-	git --git-dir="$d" repack -adl &&
-	git push --mirror "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/alternates-mirror.git
-'
-
-stop_httpd
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5542-push-http-shallow.sh b/t/t5542-push-http-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5165833157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5542-push-http-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='push from/to a shallow clone over http'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+commit() {
+	echo "$1" >tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config --global transfer.fsckObjects true &&
+	commit 1 &&
+	commit 2 &&
+	commit 3 &&
+	commit 4 &&
+	git clone . full &&
+	(
+	git init full-abc &&
+	cd full-abc &&
+	commit a &&
+	commit b &&
+	commit c
+	) &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 .git shallow &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 full-abc/.git shallow2 &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow2/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+c
+b
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to shallow repo via http' '
+	git clone --bare --no-local shallow "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git config http.receivepack true
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd full &&
+	commit 9 &&
+	git push $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git +master:refs/remotes/top/master
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s top/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+9
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from shallow repo via http' '
+	mv "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" shallow-upstream.git &&
+	git clone --bare --no-local full "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git config http.receivepack true
+	) &&
+	commit 10 &&
+	git push $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git +master:refs/remotes/top/master &&
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s top/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+10
+4
+3
+2
+1
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5543-atomic-push.sh b/t/t5543-atomic-push.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3480b33007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5543-atomic-push.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pushing to a repository using the atomic push option'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+mk_repo_pair () {
+	rm -rf workbench upstream &&
+	test_create_repo upstream &&
+	test_create_repo workbench &&
+	(
+		cd upstream &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		git remote add up ../upstream
+	)
+}
+
+# Compare the ref ($1) in upstream with a ref value from workbench ($2)
+# i.e. test_refs second HEAD@{2}
+test_refs () {
+	test $# = 2 &&
+	git -C upstream rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect &&
+	git -C workbench rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push works for a single branch' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git push --atomic up master
+	) &&
+	test_refs master master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push works for two branches' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git branch second &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git push --atomic up master second
+	) &&
+	test_refs master master &&
+	test_refs second second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push works in combination with --mirror' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git checkout -b second &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git push --atomic --mirror up
+	) &&
+	test_refs master master &&
+	test_refs second second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push works in combination with --force' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git branch second master &&
+		test_commit two_a &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		test_commit two_b &&
+		test_commit three_b &&
+		test_commit four &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		# The actual test is below
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit three_a &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		git push --force --atomic up master second
+	) &&
+	test_refs master master &&
+	test_refs second second
+'
+
+# set up two branches where master can be pushed but second can not
+# (non-fast-forward). Since second can not be pushed the whole operation
+# will fail and leave master untouched.
+test_expect_success 'atomic push fails if one branch fails' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git checkout -b second master &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		test_commit four &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
+		test_commit five &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit six &&
+		test_must_fail git push --atomic --all up
+	) &&
+	test_refs master HEAD@{7} &&
+	test_refs second HEAD@{4}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push fails if one tag fails remotely' '
+	# prepare the repo
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git checkout -b second master &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	# a third party modifies the server side:
+	(
+		cd upstream &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		git tag test_tag second
+	) &&
+	# see if we can now push both branches.
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		test_commit four &&
+		git tag test_tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push --tags --atomic up master second
+	) &&
+	test_refs master HEAD@{3} &&
+	test_refs second HEAD@{1}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push obeys update hook preventing a branch to be pushed' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git checkout -b second master &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd upstream &&
+		HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks" &&
+		HOOK="$HOOKDIR/update" &&
+		mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR" &&
+		write_script "$HOOK" <<-\EOF
+			# only allow update to master from now on
+			test "$1" = "refs/heads/master"
+		EOF
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		test_commit four &&
+		test_must_fail git push --atomic up master second
+	) &&
+	test_refs master HEAD@{3} &&
+	test_refs second HEAD@{1}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push is not advertised if configured' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd upstream
+		git config receive.advertiseatomic 0
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		test_must_fail git push --atomic up master
+	) &&
+	test_refs master HEAD@{1}
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5544-pack-objects-hook.sh b/t/t5544-pack-objects-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4357af1525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5544-pack-objects-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test custom script in place of pack-objects'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create some history to fetch' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create debugging hook script' '
+	write_script .git/hook <<-\EOF
+		echo >&2 "hook running"
+		echo "$*" >hook.args
+		cat >hook.stdin
+		"$@" <hook.stdin >hook.stdout
+		cat hook.stdout
+	EOF
+'
+
+clear_hook_results () {
+	rm -rf .git/hook.* dst.git
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'hook runs via global config' '
+	clear_hook_results &&
+	test_config_global uploadpack.packObjectsHook ./hook &&
+	git clone --no-local . dst.git 2>stderr &&
+	grep "hook running" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hook outputs are sane' '
+	# check that we recorded a usable pack
+	git index-pack --stdin <.git/hook.stdout &&
+
+	# check that we recorded args and stdin. We do not check
+	# the full argument list or the exact pack contents, as it would make
+	# the test brittle. So just sanity check that we could replay
+	# the packing procedure.
+	grep "^git" .git/hook.args &&
+	$(cat .git/hook.args) <.git/hook.stdin >replay
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hook runs from -c config' '
+	clear_hook_results &&
+	git clone --no-local \
+	  -u "git -c uploadpack.packObjectsHook=./hook upload-pack" \
+	  . dst.git 2>stderr &&
+	grep "hook running" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hook does not run from repo config' '
+	clear_hook_results &&
+	test_config uploadpack.packObjectsHook "./hook" &&
+	git clone --no-local . dst.git 2>stderr &&
+	! grep "hook running" stderr &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/hook.args &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/hook.stdin &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/hook.stdout
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5550-http-fetch-dumb.sh b/t/t5550-http-fetch-dumb.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3484b6f0f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5550-http-fetch-dumb.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test dumb fetching over http via static file'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
+	echo content1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo content2 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository with loose objects' '
+	cp -R .git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git config core.bare true &&
+	 mkdir -p hooks &&
+	 echo "exec git update-server-info" >hooks/post-update &&
+	 chmod +x hooks/post-update &&
+	 hooks/post-update
+	) &&
+	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git push public master:master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git clone-tmpl &&
+	cp -R clone-tmpl clone &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create password-protected repository' '
+	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/" &&
+	cp -Rf "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/repo.git"
+'
+
+setup_askpass_helper
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning password-protected repository can fail' '
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-fail &&
+	expect_askpass both wrong
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth can use user/pass in URL' '
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-none &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth can use just user in URL' '
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-pass &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth can request both user and pass' '
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-both &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth respects credential helper config' '
+	test_config_global credential.helper "!f() {
+		cat >/dev/null
+		echo username=user@host
+		echo password=pass@host
+	}; f" &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-helper &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth can get username from config' '
+	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" user@host &&
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-user &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configured username does not override URL' '
+	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" wrong &&
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-user2 &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up repo with http submodules' '
+	git init super &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule add "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" sub &&
+		git commit -m "add submodule"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cmdline credential config passes to submodule via clone' '
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	test_must_fail git clone --recursive super super-clone &&
+	rm -rf super-clone &&
+
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git -c "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username=user@host" \
+		clone --recursive super super-clone &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cmdline credential config passes submodule via fetch' '
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	test_must_fail git -C super-clone fetch --recurse-submodules &&
+
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git -C super-clone \
+	    -c "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username=user@host" \
+	    fetch --recurse-submodules &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cmdline credential config passes submodule update' '
+	# advance the submodule HEAD so that a fetch is required
+	git commit --allow-empty -m foo &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/repo.git" HEAD &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git -C super-clone update-index --cacheinfo 160000,$sha1,sub &&
+
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	test_must_fail git -C super-clone submodule update &&
+
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git -C super-clone \
+	    -c "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username=user@host" \
+	    submodule update &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push public &&
+	(cd clone && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via manual http-fetch' '
+	cp -R clone-tmpl clone2 &&
+
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	(cd clone2 &&
+	 git http-fetch -a -w heads/master-new $HEAD $(git config remote.origin.url) &&
+	 git checkout master-new &&
+	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)) &&
+	test_cmp file clone2/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http remote detects correct HEAD' '
+	git push public master:other &&
+	(cd clone &&
+	 git remote set-head origin -d &&
+	 git remote set-head origin -a &&
+	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD > output &&
+	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master > expect &&
+	 test_cmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch packed objects' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
+	 git --bare repack -a -d
+	) &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_pack.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt pack' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
+	 p=$(ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack) &&
+	 chmod u+w $p &&
+	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
+	) &&
+	mkdir repo_bad1.git &&
+	(cd repo_bad1.git &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_bad1.git &&
+	 test 0 = $(ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt idx' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
+	 p=$(ls objects/pack/pack-*.idx) &&
+	 chmod u+w $p &&
+	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
+	) &&
+	mkdir repo_bad2.git &&
+	(cd repo_bad2.git &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_bad2.git &&
+	 test 0 = $(ls objects/pack | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch can handle previously-fetched .idx files' '
+	git checkout --orphan branch1 &&
+	echo base >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	git --bare init "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git branch1 &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git repack -d &&
+	git checkout -b branch2 branch1 &&
+	echo b2 >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m b2 &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git branch2 &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git repack -d &&
+	git --bare init clone_packed_branches.git &&
+	git --git-dir=clone_packed_branches.git fetch "$HTTPD_URL"/dumb/repo_packed_branches.git branch1:branch1 &&
+	git --git-dir=clone_packed_branches.git fetch "$HTTPD_URL"/dumb/repo_packed_branches.git branch2:branch2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'did not use upload-pack service' '
+	test_might_fail grep '/git-upload-pack' <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log >act &&
+	: >exp &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client shows text/plain errors' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/text" 2>stderr &&
+	grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client does not show html errors' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/html" 2>stderr &&
+	! grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client shows text/plain with a charset' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/charset" 2>stderr &&
+	grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http error messages are reencoded' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/utf16" 2>stderr &&
+	grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reencoding is robust to whitespace oddities' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/odd-spacing" 2>stderr &&
+	grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+check_language () {
+	case "$2" in
+	'')
+		>expect
+		;;
+	?*)
+		echo "Accept-Language: $1" >expect
+		;;
+	esac &&
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 \
+	LANGUAGE=$2 \
+	git ls-remote "$HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git" >output 2>&1 &&
+	tr -d '\015' <output |
+	sort -u |
+	sed -ne '/^Accept-Language:/ p' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'git client sends Accept-Language based on LANGUAGE' '
+	check_language "ko-KR, *;q=0.9" ko_KR.UTF-8'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client sends Accept-Language correctly with unordinary LANGUAGE' '
+	check_language "ko-KR, *;q=0.9" "ko_KR:" &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, en-US;q=0.9, *;q=0.8" "ko_KR::en_US" &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, *;q=0.9" ":::ko_KR" &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, en-US;q=0.9, *;q=0.8" "ko_KR!!:en_US" &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, ja-JP;q=0.9, *;q=0.8" "ko_KR en_US:ja_JP"'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client sends Accept-Language with many preferred languages' '
+	check_language "ko-KR, en-US;q=0.9, fr-CA;q=0.8, de;q=0.7, sr;q=0.6, \
+ja;q=0.5, zh;q=0.4, sv;q=0.3, pt;q=0.2, *;q=0.1" \
+		ko_KR.EUC-KR:en_US.UTF-8:fr_CA:de.UTF-8@euro:sr@latin:ja:zh:sv:pt &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, en-US;q=0.99, fr-CA;q=0.98, de;q=0.97, sr;q=0.96, \
+ja;q=0.95, zh;q=0.94, sv;q=0.93, pt;q=0.92, nb;q=0.91, *;q=0.90" \
+		ko_KR.EUC-KR:en_US.UTF-8:fr_CA:de.UTF-8@euro:sr@latin:ja:zh:sv:pt:nb
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client does not send an empty Accept-Language' '
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 LANGUAGE= git ls-remote "$HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git" 2>stderr &&
+	! grep "^Accept-Language:" stderr
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 95a133d697..0000000000
--- a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='test dumb fetching over http via static file'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
-	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5550'}
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
-start_httpd
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	echo content >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git commit -m one
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository' '
-	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	 git --bare init &&
-	 echo "exec git update-server-info" >hooks/post-update &&
-	 chmod +x hooks/post-update
-	) &&
-	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	git push public master:master
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git clone-tmpl &&
-	cp -R clone-tmpl clone &&
-	test_cmp file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create password-protected repository' '
-	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/" &&
-	cp -Rf "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
-	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/repo.git"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'setup askpass helpers' '
-	cat >askpass <<-EOF &&
-	#!/bin/sh
-	echo >>"$PWD/askpass-query" "askpass: \$*" &&
-	cat "$PWD/askpass-response"
-	EOF
-	chmod +x askpass &&
-	GIT_ASKPASS="$PWD/askpass" &&
-	export GIT_ASKPASS
-'
-
-expect_askpass() {
-	dest=$HTTPD_DEST
-	{
-		case "$1" in
-		none)
-			;;
-		pass)
-			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
-			;;
-		both)
-			echo "askpass: Username for 'http://$dest': "
-			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
-			;;
-		*)
-			false
-			;;
-		esac
-	} >askpass-expect &&
-	test_cmp askpass-expect askpass-query
-}
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning password-protected repository can fail' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-fail &&
-	expect_askpass both wrong
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth can use user/pass in URL' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-none &&
-	expect_askpass none
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth can use just user in URL' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-pass &&
-	expect_askpass pass user@host
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth can request both user and pass' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-both &&
-	expect_askpass both user@host
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth respects credential helper config' '
-	test_config_global credential.helper "!f() {
-		cat >/dev/null
-		echo username=user@host
-		echo password=user@host
-	}; f" &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-helper &&
-	expect_askpass none
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth can get username from config' '
-	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" user@host &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-user &&
-	expect_askpass pass user@host
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'configured username does not override URL' '
-	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" wrong &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-user2 &&
-	expect_askpass pass user@host
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m two &&
-	git push public &&
-	(cd clone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch changes via manual http-fetch' '
-	cp -R clone-tmpl clone2 &&
-
-	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	(cd clone2 &&
-	 git http-fetch -a -w heads/master-new $HEAD $(git config remote.origin.url) &&
-	 git checkout master-new &&
-	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)) &&
-	test_cmp file clone2/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http remote detects correct HEAD' '
-	git push public master:other &&
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git remote set-head origin -d &&
-	 git remote set-head origin -a &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD > output &&
-	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master > expect &&
-	 test_cmp expect output
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch packed objects' '
-	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
-	 git --bare repack &&
-	 git --bare prune-packed
-	) &&
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_pack.git
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt pack' '
-	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
-	 p=`ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack` &&
-	 chmod u+w $p &&
-	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
-	) &&
-	mkdir repo_bad1.git &&
-	(cd repo_bad1.git &&
-	 git --bare init &&
-	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_bad1.git &&
-	 test 0 = `ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack | wc -l`
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt idx' '
-	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
-	 p=`ls objects/pack/pack-*.idx` &&
-	 chmod u+w $p &&
-	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
-	) &&
-	mkdir repo_bad2.git &&
-	(cd repo_bad2.git &&
-	 git --bare init &&
-	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_bad2.git &&
-	 test 0 = `ls objects/pack | wc -l`
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'did not use upload-pack service' '
-	grep '/git-upload-pack' <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log >act
-	: >exp
-	test_cmp exp act
-'
-
-stop_httpd
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2f375eb94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test smart fetching over http via http-backend'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository' '
+	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git --bare init
+	) &&
+	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git push public master:master
+'
+
+setup_askpass_helper
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+> GET /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
+> Accept: */*
+> Accept-Encoding: gzip
+> Pragma: no-cache
+< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+< Pragma: no-cache
+< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
+< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
+> POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
+> Accept-Encoding: gzip
+> Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
+> Accept: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+> Content-Length: xxx
+< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+< Pragma: no-cache
+< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
+< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git clone --quiet $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git clone 2>err &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file &&
+	tr '\''\015'\'' Q <err |
+	sed -e "
+		s/Q\$//
+		/^[*] /d
+		/^$/d
+		/^< $/d
+
+		/^[^><]/{
+			s/^/> /
+		}
+
+		/^> User-Agent: /d
+		/^> Host: /d
+		/^> POST /,$ {
+			/^> Accept: [*]\\/[*]/d
+		}
+		s/^> Content-Length: .*/> Content-Length: xxx/
+		/^> 00..want /d
+		/^> 00.*done/d
+
+		/^< Server: /d
+		/^< Expires: /d
+		/^< Date: /d
+		/^< Content-Length: /d
+		/^< Transfer-Encoding: /d
+	" >act &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push public &&
+	(cd clone && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'used upload-pack service' '
+	sed -e "
+		s/^.* \"//
+		s/\"//
+		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
+		s/^GET /GET  /
+	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'follow redirects (301)' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-perm/repo.git --quiet repo-p
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'follow redirects (302)' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-temp/repo.git --quiet repo-t
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'redirects re-root further requests' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-limited/repo.git repo-redir-limited
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from password-protected repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth/smart/repo.git" smart-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	git --git-dir=smart-auth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from auth-only-for-push repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth-push/smart/repo.git" smart-noauth &&
+	expect_askpass none &&
+	git --git-dir=smart-noauth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from auth-only-for-objects repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth-fetch/smart/repo.git" half-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	git --git-dir=half-auth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-op half-auth fetch does not require a password' '
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git --git-dir=half-auth fetch &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'redirects send auth to new location' '
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git -c credential.useHttpPath=true \
+	  clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-auth/repo.git repo-redir-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host auth/smart/repo.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable dumb http on server' '
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config http.getanyfile false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SMART_HTTP can disable smart http' '
+	(GIT_SMART_HTTP=0 &&
+	 export GIT_SMART_HTTP &&
+	 cd clone &&
+	 test_must_fail git fetch)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid Content-Type rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git clone $HTTPD_URL/broken_smart/repo.git 2>actual &&
+	grep "not valid:" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create namespaced refs' '
+	test_commit namespaced &&
+	git push public HEAD:refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		symbolic-ref refs/namespaces/ns/HEAD refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'smart clone respects namespace' '
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-smart &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-smart/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dumb clone via http-backend respects namespace' '
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config http.getanyfile true &&
+	GIT_SMART_HTTP=0 git clone \
+		"$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-dumb &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-dumb/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >cookies.txt <<EOF
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/	FALSE	0	othername	othervalue
+EOF
+cat >expect_cookies.txt <<EOF
+
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/	FALSE	0	othername	othervalue
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/repo.git/info/	FALSE	0	name	value
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'cookies stored in http.cookiefile when http.savecookies set' '
+	git config http.cookiefile cookies.txt &&
+	git config http.savecookies true &&
+	git ls-remote $HTTPD_URL/smart_cookies/repo.git master &&
+	tail -3 cookies.txt >cookies_tail.txt &&
+	test_cmp expect_cookies.txt cookies_tail.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'transfer.hiderefs works over smart-http' '
+	test_commit hidden &&
+	test_commit visible &&
+	git push public HEAD^:refs/heads/a HEAD:refs/heads/b &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config transfer.hiderefs refs/heads/a &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git" hidden.git &&
+	test_must_fail git -C hidden.git rev-parse --verify a &&
+	git -C hidden.git rev-parse --verify b
+'
+
+# create an arbitrary number of tags, numbered from tag-$1 to tag-$2
+create_tags () {
+	rm -f marks &&
+	for i in $(test_seq "$1" "$2")
+	do
+		# don't use here-doc, because it requires a process
+		# per loop iteration
+		echo "commit refs/heads/too-many-refs-$1" &&
+		echo "mark :$i" &&
+		echo "committer git <git@example.com> $i +0000" &&
+		echo "data 0" &&
+		echo "M 644 inline bla.txt" &&
+		echo "data 4" &&
+		echo "bla" &&
+		# make every commit dangling by always
+		# rewinding the branch after each commit
+		echo "reset refs/heads/too-many-refs-$1" &&
+		echo "from :$1"
+	done | git fast-import --export-marks=marks &&
+
+	# now assign tags to all the dangling commits we created above
+	tag=$(perl -e "print \"bla\" x 30") &&
+	sed -e "s|^:\([^ ]*\) \(.*\)$|\2 refs/tags/$tag-\1|" <marks >>packed-refs
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'create 2,000 tags in the repo' '
+	(
+		cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+		create_tags 1 2000
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success CMDLINE_LIMIT \
+	'clone the 2,000 tag repo to check OS command line overflow' '
+	run_with_limited_cmdline git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git too-many-refs &&
+	(
+		cd too-many-refs &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/tags >actual &&
+		test_line_count = 2000 actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'large fetch-pack requests can be split across POSTs' '
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git -c http.postbuffer=65536 \
+		clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git" split.git 2>err &&
+	grep "^> POST" err >posts &&
+	test_line_count = 2 posts
+'
+
+test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'http can handle enormous ref negotiation' '
+	(
+		cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+		create_tags 2001 50000
+	) &&
+	git -C too-many-refs fetch -q --tags &&
+	(
+		cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+		create_tags 50001 100000
+	) &&
+	git -C too-many-refs fetch -q --tags &&
+	git -C too-many-refs for-each-ref refs/tags >tags &&
+	test_line_count = 100000 tags
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'custom http headers' '
+	test_must_fail git -c http.extraheader="x-magic-two: cadabra" \
+		fetch "$HTTPD_URL/smart_headers/repo.git" &&
+	git -c http.extraheader="x-magic-one: abra" \
+	    -c http.extraheader="x-magic-two: cadabra" \
+	    fetch "$HTTPD_URL/smart_headers/repo.git" &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000,$(git rev-parse HEAD),sub &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path sub &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url \
+		"$HTTPD_URL/smart_headers/repo.git" &&
+	git submodule init sub &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule update sub &&
+	git -c http.extraheader="x-magic-one: abra" \
+	    -c http.extraheader="x-magic-two: cadabra" \
+		submodule update sub
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 26d355725f..0000000000
--- a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='test smart fetching over http via http-backend'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
-	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5551'}
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
-start_httpd
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	echo content >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git commit -m one
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository' '
-	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	 git --bare init
-	) &&
-	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	git push public master:master
-'
-
-cat >exp <<EOF
-> GET /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
-> Accept: */*
-> Pragma: no-cache
-< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-< Pragma: no-cache
-< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
-< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
-> POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
-> Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip
-> Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
-> Accept: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
-> Content-Length: xxx
-< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-< Pragma: no-cache
-< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
-< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
-	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git clone --quiet $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git clone 2>err &&
-	test_cmp file clone/file &&
-	tr '\''\015'\'' Q <err |
-	sed -e "
-		s/Q\$//
-		/^[*] /d
-		/^$/d
-		/^< $/d
-
-		/^[^><]/{
-			s/^/> /
-		}
-
-		/^> User-Agent: /d
-		/^> Host: /d
-		/^> POST /,$ {
-			/^> Accept: [*]\\/[*]/d
-		}
-		s/^> Content-Length: .*/> Content-Length: xxx/
-		/^> 00..want /d
-		/^> 00.*done/d
-
-		/^< Server: /d
-		/^< Expires: /d
-		/^< Date: /d
-		/^< Content-Length: /d
-		/^< Transfer-Encoding: /d
-	" >act &&
-	test_cmp exp act
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m two &&
-	git push public
-	(cd clone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp file clone/file
-'
-
-cat >exp <<EOF
-GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'used upload-pack service' '
-	sed -e "
-		s/^.* \"//
-		s/\"//
-		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
-		s/^GET /GET  /
-	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
-	test_cmp exp act
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'follow redirects (301)' '
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-perm/repo.git --quiet repo-p
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'follow redirects (302)' '
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-temp/repo.git --quiet repo-t
-'
-
-stop_httpd
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
index 0ad7ce07c4..9fafcf1945 100755
--- a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
+++ b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
@@ -5,19 +5,23 @@ test_description='test git-http-backend-noserver'
 
 HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 
-test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+if test_have_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
+then
+	GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+	export GREP_OPTIONS
+fi
 
 run_backend() {
 	echo "$2" |
-	QUERY_STRING="${1#*\?}" \
-	PATH_TRANSLATED="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/${1%%\?*}" \
+	QUERY_STRING="${1#*[?]}" \
+	PATH_TRANSLATED="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/${1%%[?]*}" \
 	git http-backend >act.out 2>act.err
 }
 
 GET() {
 	REQUEST_METHOD="GET" && export REQUEST_METHOD &&
 	run_backend "/repo.git/$1" &&
-	unset REQUEST_METHOD &&
+	sane_unset REQUEST_METHOD &&
 	if ! grep "Status" act.out >act
 	then
 		printf "Status: 200 OK\r\n" >act
@@ -30,8 +34,8 @@ POST() {
 	REQUEST_METHOD="POST" && export REQUEST_METHOD &&
 	CONTENT_TYPE="application/x-$1-request" && export CONTENT_TYPE &&
 	run_backend "/repo.git/$1" "$2" &&
-	unset REQUEST_METHOD &&
-	unset CONTENT_TYPE &&
+	sane_unset REQUEST_METHOD &&
+	sane_unset CONTENT_TYPE &&
 	if ! grep "Status" act.out >act
 	then
 		printf "Status: 200 OK\r\n" >act
@@ -40,10 +44,6 @@ POST() {
 	test_cmp exp act
 }
 
-log_div() {
-	return 0
-}
-
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t556x_common
 
 expect_aliased() {
diff --git a/t/t5561-http-backend.sh b/t/t5561-http-backend.sh
index b5d7fbc381..90e0d6f0fe 100755
--- a/t/t5561-http-backend.sh
+++ b/t/t5561-http-backend.sh
@@ -2,13 +2,6 @@
 
 test_description='test git-http-backend'
 . ./test-lib.sh
-
-if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
-	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5561'}
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
 start_httpd
 
@@ -36,15 +29,9 @@ POST() {
 	test_cmp exp act
 }
 
-log_div() {
-	echo >>"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log
-	echo "###  $1" >>"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log
-	echo "###" >>"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log
-}
-
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t556x_common
 
-cat >exp <<EOF
+grep '^[^#]' >exp <<EOF
 
 ###  refs/heads/master
 ###
diff --git a/t/t556x_common b/t/t556x_common
index 82926cfdb7..359fcfe32b 100755
--- a/t/t556x_common
+++ b/t/t556x_common
@@ -52,21 +52,17 @@ get_static_files() {
 SMART=smart
 GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL=1 && export GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
 test_expect_success 'direct refs/heads/master not found' '
-	log_div "refs/heads/master" &&
 	GET refs/heads/master "404 Not Found"
 '
 test_expect_success 'static file is ok' '
-	log_div "getanyfile default" &&
 	get_static_files "200 OK"
 '
 SMART=smart_noexport
 unset GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
 test_expect_success 'no export by default' '
-	log_div "no git-daemon-export-ok" &&
 	get_static_files "404 Not Found"
 '
 test_expect_success 'export if git-daemon-export-ok' '
-	log_div "git-daemon-export-ok" &&
         (cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
 	 touch git-daemon-export-ok
 	) &&
@@ -75,47 +71,39 @@ test_expect_success 'export if git-daemon-export-ok' '
 SMART=smart
 GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL=1 && export GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
 test_expect_success 'static file if http.getanyfile true is ok' '
-	log_div "getanyfile true" &&
 	config http.getanyfile true &&
 	get_static_files "200 OK"
 '
 test_expect_success 'static file if http.getanyfile false fails' '
-	log_div "getanyfile false" &&
 	config http.getanyfile false &&
 	get_static_files "403 Forbidden"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack default enabled' '
-	log_div "uploadpack default" &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "200 OK"  &&
 	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "200 OK"
 '
 test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack true' '
-	log_div "uploadpack true" &&
 	config http.uploadpack true &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "200 OK" &&
 	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "200 OK"
 '
 test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack false' '
-	log_div "uploadpack false" &&
 	config http.uploadpack false &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "403 Forbidden" &&
 	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http.receivepack default disabled' '
-	log_div "receivepack default" &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "403 Forbidden"  &&
 	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
 '
 test_expect_success 'http.receivepack true' '
-	log_div "receivepack true" &&
 	config http.receivepack true &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "200 OK" &&
 	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "200 OK"
 '
 test_expect_success 'http.receivepack false' '
-	log_div "receivepack false" &&
 	config http.receivepack false &&
 	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "403 Forbidden" &&
 	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
diff --git a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..225a022e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test fetching over git protocol'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-git-daemon.sh
+start_git_daemon
+
+check_verbose_connect () {
+	grep -F "Looking up 127.0.0.1 ..." stderr &&
+	grep -F "Connecting to 127.0.0.1 (port " stderr &&
+	grep -F "done." stderr
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create git-accessible bare repository' '
+	mkdir "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(cd "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 : >git-daemon-export-ok
+	) &&
+	git remote add public "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git push public master:master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone git repository' '
+	git clone -v "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/repo.git" clone 2>stderr &&
+	check_verbose_connect &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via git protocol' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push public &&
+	(cd clone && git pull -v) 2>stderr &&
+	check_verbose_connect &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-op fetch -v stderr is as expected' '
+	(cd clone && git fetch -v) 2>stderr &&
+	check_verbose_connect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-op fetch without "-v" is quiet' '
+	(cd clone && git fetch) 2>stderr &&
+	! test -s stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote detects correct HEAD' '
+	git push public master:other &&
+	(cd clone &&
+	 git remote set-head -d origin &&
+	 git remote set-head -a origin &&
+	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD > output &&
+	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master > expect &&
+	 test_cmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare pack objects' '
+	cp -R "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo.git "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
+	(cd "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
+	 git --bare repack -a -d
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt pack' '
+	cp -R "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
+	(cd "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
+	 p=$(ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack) &&
+	 chmod u+w $p &&
+	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
+	) &&
+	mkdir repo_bad1.git &&
+	(cd repo_bad1.git &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/repo_bad1.git" &&
+	 test 0 = $(ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt idx' '
+	cp -R "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
+	(cd "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
+	 p=$(ls objects/pack/pack-*.idx) &&
+	 chmod u+w $p &&
+	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
+	) &&
+	mkdir repo_bad2.git &&
+	(cd repo_bad2.git &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/repo_bad2.git" &&
+	 test 0 = $(ls objects/pack | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_remote_error()
+{
+	do_export=YesPlease
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		case $1 in
+		-x)
+			shift
+			chmod -x "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git"
+			;;
+		-n)
+			shift
+			do_export=
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+		esac
+	done
+
+	msg=$1
+	shift
+	cmd=$1
+	shift
+	repo=$1
+	shift || error "invalid number of arguments"
+
+	if test -x "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/$repo"
+	then
+		if test -n "$do_export"
+		then
+			: >"$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/$repo/git-daemon-export-ok"
+		else
+			rm -f "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/$repo/git-daemon-export-ok"
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	test_must_fail git "$cmd" "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/$repo" "$@" 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: remote error: $msg: /$repo" output &&
+	ret=$?
+	chmod +x "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git"
+	(exit $ret)
+}
+
+msg="access denied or repository not exported"
+test_expect_success 'clone non-existent' "test_remote_error    '$msg' clone nowhere.git    "
+test_expect_success 'push disabled'      "test_remote_error    '$msg' push  repo.git master"
+test_expect_success 'read access denied' "test_remote_error -x '$msg' fetch repo.git       "
+test_expect_success 'not exported'       "test_remote_error -n '$msg' fetch repo.git       "
+
+stop_git_daemon
+start_git_daemon --informative-errors
+
+test_expect_success 'clone non-existent' "test_remote_error    'no such repository'      clone nowhere.git    "
+test_expect_success 'push disabled'      "test_remote_error    'service not enabled'     push  repo.git master"
+test_expect_success 'read access denied' "test_remote_error -x 'no such repository'      fetch repo.git       "
+test_expect_success 'not exported'       "test_remote_error -n 'repository not exported' fetch repo.git       "
+
+stop_git_daemon
+start_git_daemon --interpolated-path="$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/%H%D"
+
+test_expect_success 'access repo via interpolated hostname' '
+	repo="$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/localhost/interp.git" &&
+	git init --bare "$repo" &&
+	git push "$repo" HEAD &&
+	>"$repo"/git-daemon-export-ok &&
+	rm -rf tmp.git &&
+	GIT_OVERRIDE_VIRTUAL_HOST=localhost \
+		git clone --bare "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/interp.git" tmp.git &&
+	rm -rf tmp.git &&
+	GIT_OVERRIDE_VIRTUAL_HOST=LOCALHOST \
+		git clone --bare "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/interp.git" tmp.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hostname cannot break out of directory' '
+	rm -rf tmp.git &&
+	repo="$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/../escape.git" &&
+	git init --bare "$repo" &&
+	git push "$repo" HEAD &&
+	>"$repo"/git-daemon-export-ok &&
+	test_must_fail \
+		env GIT_OVERRIDE_VIRTUAL_HOST=.. \
+		git clone --bare "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/escape.git" tmp.git
+'
+
+stop_git_daemon
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ba975bb355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check pre-push hooks'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Setup hook that always succeeds
+HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
+HOOK="$HOOKDIR/pre-push"
+mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config push.default upstream &&
+	git init --bare repo1 &&
+	git remote add parent1 repo1 &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git push parent1 HEAD:foreign
+'
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+COMMIT1="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT1
+
+test_expect_success 'push with failing hook' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_must_fail git push parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify bypasses hook' '
+	git push --no-verify parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+COMMIT2="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT2
+
+write_script "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+echo "$1" >actual
+echo "$2" >>actual
+cat >>actual
+EOF
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/master $COMMIT2 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push with hook' '
+	git push parent1 master:foreign &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a branch' '
+	git checkout -b other parent1/foreign &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+COMMIT3="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT3
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/other $COMMIT3 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to default' '
+	git push &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/tags/one $COMMIT1 refs/tags/tag1 $_z40
+HEAD~ $COMMIT2 refs/heads/prev $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push non-branches' '
+	git push parent1 one:tag1 HEAD~:refs/heads/prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+(delete) $_z40 refs/heads/prev $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push delete' '
+	git push parent1 :prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+repo1
+repo1
+HEAD $COMMIT3 refs/heads/other $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to URL' '
+	git push repo1 HEAD &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up many-ref tests' '
+	{
+		nr=1000
+		while test $nr -lt 2000
+		do
+			nr=$(( $nr + 1 ))
+			echo "create refs/heads/b/$nr $COMMIT3"
+		done
+	} | git update-ref --stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sigpipe does not cause pre-push hook failure' '
+	echo "exit 0" | write_script "$HOOK" &&
+	git push parent1 "refs/heads/b/*:refs/heads/b/*"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5572-pull-submodule.sh b/t/t5572-pull-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..accfa5cc0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5572-pull-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pull can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+reset_branch_to_HEAD () {
+	git branch -D "$1" &&
+	git checkout -b "$1" HEAD &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to="origin/$1" "$1"
+}
+
+git_pull () {
+	reset_branch_to_HEAD "$1" &&
+	git pull
+}
+
+# pulls without conflicts
+test_submodule_switch "git_pull"
+
+git_pull_ff () {
+	reset_branch_to_HEAD "$1" &&
+	git pull --ff
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "git_pull_ff"
+
+git_pull_ff_only () {
+	reset_branch_to_HEAD "$1" &&
+	git pull --ff-only
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "git_pull_ff_only"
+
+git_pull_noff () {
+	reset_branch_to_HEAD "$1" &&
+	git pull --no-ff
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES=1
+test_submodule_switch "git_pull_noff"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
index ee06d28649..4435693bb2 100755
--- a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
+++ b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'successful clone must leave the directory' \
-    'cd bar'
+    'test -d bar'
+
+test_expect_success 'failed clone --separate-git-dir should not leave any directories' '
+	mkdir foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects/* foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	test_must_fail git clone --separate-git-dir gitdir foo worktree &&
+	test_must_fail test -e gitdir &&
+	test_must_fail test -e worktree &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects.bak/* foo/.git/objects/ &&
+	rmdir foo/.git/objects.bak
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5601-clone.sh b/t/t5601-clone.sh
index 87ee01662c..a433394200 100755
--- a/t/t5601-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5601-clone.sh
@@ -4,15 +4,21 @@ test_description=clone
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+X=
+test_have_prereq !MINGW || X=.exe
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	test_create_repo src &&
 	(
-		cd src
-		>file
-		git add file
-		git commit -m initial
+		cd src &&
+		>file &&
+		git add file &&
+		git commit -m initial &&
+		echo 1 >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		git commit -m updated
 	)
 
 '
@@ -33,7 +39,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone with excess parameters (2)' '
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'output from clone' '
 	rm -fr dst &&
-	git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst >output &&
+	git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst >output 2>&1 &&
 	test $(grep Clon output | wc -l) = 1
 '
 
@@ -62,6 +68,29 @@ test_expect_success 'clone respects GIT_WORK_TREE' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone from hooks' '
+
+	test_create_repo r0 &&
+	cd r0 &&
+	test_commit initial &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git init r1 &&
+	cd r1 &&
+	cat >.git/hooks/pre-commit <<-\EOF &&
+	#!/bin/sh
+	git clone ../r0 ../r2
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	chmod u+x .git/hooks/pre-commit &&
+	: >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -m invoke-hook &&
+	cd .. &&
+	test_cmp r0/.git/HEAD r2/.git/HEAD &&
+	test_cmp r0/initial.t r2/initial.t
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone creates intermediate directories' '
 
 	git clone src long/path/to/dst &&
@@ -88,6 +117,26 @@ test_expect_success 'clone --mirror' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone --mirror with detached HEAD' '
+
+	( cd src && git checkout HEAD^ && git rev-parse HEAD >../expected ) &&
+	git clone --mirror src mirror.detached &&
+	( cd src && git checkout - ) &&
+	GIT_DIR=mirror.detached git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --bare with detached HEAD' '
+
+	( cd src && git checkout HEAD^ && git rev-parse HEAD >../expected ) &&
+	git clone --bare src bare.detached &&
+	( cd src && git checkout - ) &&
+	GIT_DIR=bare.detached git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone --bare names the local repository <name>.git' '
 
 	git clone --bare src &&
@@ -198,7 +247,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone separate gitdir' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone separate gitdir: output' '
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected dst/.git
 '
 
@@ -248,4 +297,231 @@ test_expect_success 'clone from original with relative alternate' '
 	grep /src/\\.git/objects target-10/objects/info/alternates
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone checking out a tag' '
+	git clone --branch=some-tag src dst.tag &&
+	GIT_DIR=src/.git git rev-parse some-tag >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected dst.tag/.git/HEAD &&
+	GIT_DIR=dst.tag/.git git config remote.origin.fetch >fetch.actual &&
+	echo "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" >fetch.expected &&
+	test_cmp fetch.expected fetch.actual
+'
+
+setup_ssh_wrapper () {
+	test_expect_success 'setup ssh wrapper' '
+		cp "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/t/helper/test-fake-ssh$X" \
+			"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper$X" &&
+		GIT_SSH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper$X" &&
+		export GIT_SSH &&
+		export TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+		>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/ssh-output
+	'
+}
+
+copy_ssh_wrapper_as () {
+	cp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper$X" "${1%$X}$X" &&
+	GIT_SSH="${1%$X}$X" &&
+	export GIT_SSH
+}
+
+expect_ssh () {
+	test_when_finished '
+		(cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" && rm -f ssh-expect && >ssh-output)
+	' &&
+	{
+		case "$#" in
+		1)
+			;;
+		2)
+			echo "ssh: $1 git-upload-pack '$2'"
+			;;
+		3)
+			echo "ssh: $1 $2 git-upload-pack '$3'"
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "ssh: $1 $2 git-upload-pack '$3' $4"
+		esac
+	} >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-expect" &&
+	(cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" && test_cmp ssh-expect ssh-output)
+}
+
+setup_ssh_wrapper
+
+test_expect_success 'clone myhost:src uses ssh' '
+	git clone myhost:src ssh-clone &&
+	expect_ssh myhost src
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW,!CYGWIN 'clone local path foo:bar' '
+	cp -R src "foo:bar" &&
+	git clone "foo:bar" foobar &&
+	expect_ssh none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracketed hostnames are still ssh' '
+	git clone "[myhost:123]:src" ssh-bracket-clone &&
+	expect_ssh "-p 123" myhost src
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'uplink is not treated as putty' '
+	copy_ssh_wrapper_as "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/uplink" &&
+	git clone "[myhost:123]:src" ssh-bracket-clone-uplink &&
+	expect_ssh "-p 123" myhost src
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plink is treated specially (as putty)' '
+	copy_ssh_wrapper_as "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/plink" &&
+	git clone "[myhost:123]:src" ssh-bracket-clone-plink-0 &&
+	expect_ssh "-P 123" myhost src
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plink.exe is treated specially (as putty)' '
+	copy_ssh_wrapper_as "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/plink.exe" &&
+	git clone "[myhost:123]:src" ssh-bracket-clone-plink-1 &&
+	expect_ssh "-P 123" myhost src
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tortoiseplink is like putty, with extra arguments' '
+	copy_ssh_wrapper_as "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tortoiseplink" &&
+	git clone "[myhost:123]:src" ssh-bracket-clone-plink-2 &&
+	expect_ssh "-batch -P 123" myhost src
+'
+
+# Reset the GIT_SSH environment variable for clone tests.
+setup_ssh_wrapper
+
+counter=0
+# $1 url
+# $2 none|host
+# $3 path
+test_clone_url () {
+	counter=$(($counter + 1))
+	test_might_fail git clone "$1" tmp$counter &&
+	shift &&
+	expect_ssh "$@"
+}
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'clone c:temp is ssl' '
+	test_clone_url c:temp c temp
+'
+
+test_expect_success MINGW 'clone c:temp is dos drive' '
+	test_clone_url c:temp none
+'
+
+#ip v4
+for repo in rep rep/home/project 123
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone host:$repo" '
+		test_clone_url host:$repo host $repo
+	'
+done
+
+#ipv6
+for repo in rep rep/home/project 123
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone [::1]:$repo" '
+		test_clone_url [::1]:$repo ::1 "$repo"
+	'
+done
+#home directory
+test_expect_success "clone host:/~repo" '
+	test_clone_url host:/~repo host "~repo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "clone [::1]:/~repo" '
+	test_clone_url [::1]:/~repo ::1 "~repo"
+'
+
+# Corner cases
+for url in foo/bar:baz [foo]bar/baz:qux [foo/bar]:baz
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone $url is not ssh" '
+		test_clone_url $url none
+	'
+done
+
+#with ssh:// scheme
+#ignore trailing colon
+for tcol in "" :
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://host.xz$tcol/home/user/repo" '
+		test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz$tcol/home/user/repo" host.xz /home/user/repo
+	'
+	# from home directory
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://host.xz$tcol/~repo" '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz$tcol/~repo" host.xz "~repo"
+'
+done
+
+# with port number
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz:22/home/user/repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz:22/home/user/repo" "-p 22 host.xz" "/home/user/repo"
+'
+
+# from home directory with port number
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz:22/~repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz:22/~repo" "-p 22 host.xz" "~repo"
+'
+
+#IPv6
+for tuah in ::1 [::1] [::1]: user@::1 user@[::1] user@[::1]: [user@::1] [user@::1]:
+do
+	ehost=$(echo $tuah | sed -e "s/1]:/1]/" | tr -d "[]")
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://$tuah/home/user/repo" "
+	  test_clone_url ssh://$tuah/home/user/repo $ehost /home/user/repo
+	"
+done
+
+#IPv6 from home directory
+for tuah in ::1 [::1] user@::1 user@[::1] [user@::1]
+do
+	euah=$(echo $tuah | tr -d "[]")
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://$tuah/~repo" "
+	  test_clone_url ssh://$tuah/~repo $euah '~repo'
+	"
+done
+
+#IPv6 with port number
+for tuah in [::1] user@[::1] [user@::1]
+do
+	euah=$(echo $tuah | tr -d "[]")
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://$tuah:22/home/user/repo" "
+	  test_clone_url ssh://$tuah:22/home/user/repo '-p 22' $euah /home/user/repo
+	"
+done
+
+#IPv6 from home directory with port number
+for tuah in [::1] user@[::1] [user@::1]
+do
+	euah=$(echo $tuah | tr -d "[]")
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://$tuah:22/~repo" "
+	  test_clone_url ssh://$tuah:22/~repo '-p 22' $euah '~repo'
+	"
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from a repository with two identical branches' '
+
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout -b another master
+	) &&
+	git clone src target-11 &&
+	test "z$( cd target-11 && git symbolic-ref HEAD )" = zrefs/heads/another
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow clone locally' '
+	git clone --depth=1 --no-local src ssrrcc &&
+	git clone ssrrcc ddsstt &&
+	test_cmp ssrrcc/.git/shallow ddsstt/.git/shallow &&
+	( cd ddsstt && git fsck )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE produces a usable pack' '
+	rm -rf dst.git &&
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=$PWD/tmp.pack git clone --no-local --bare src dst.git &&
+	git init --bare replay.git &&
+	git -C replay.git index-pack -v --stdin <tmp.pack
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
index 3f353d99e8..cbcceab9d5 100755
--- a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
+++ b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
@@ -12,21 +12,14 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone calls git upload-pack unqualified with no -u option' '
-	(
-		GIT_SSH=./not_ssh &&
-		export GIT_SSH &&
-		test_must_fail git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_SSH=./not_ssh git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk &&
 	echo "localhost git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone calls specified git upload-pack with -u option' '
-	(
-		GIT_SSH=./not_ssh &&
-		export GIT_SSH &&
-		test_must_fail git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_SSH=./not_ssh \
+		git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk &&
 	echo "localhost ./something/bin/git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
 '
diff --git a/t/t5603-clone-dirname.sh b/t/t5603-clone-dirname.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d5af758129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5603-clone-dirname.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check output directory names used by git-clone'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# we use a fake ssh wrapper that ignores the arguments
+# entirely; we really only care that we get _some_ repo,
+# as the real test is what clone does on the local side
+test_expect_success 'setup ssh wrapper' '
+	write_script "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper" <<-\EOF &&
+	git upload-pack "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+	EOF
+	GIT_SSH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper" &&
+	export GIT_SSH &&
+	export TRASH_DIRECTORY
+'
+
+# make sure that cloning $1 results in local directory $2
+test_clone_dir () {
+	url=$1; shift
+	dir=$1; shift
+	expect=success
+	bare=non-bare
+	clone_opts=
+	for i in "$@"
+	do
+		case "$i" in
+		fail)
+			expect=failure
+			;;
+		bare)
+			bare=bare
+			clone_opts=--bare
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+	test_expect_$expect "clone of $url goes to $dir ($bare)" "
+		rm -rf $dir &&
+		git clone $clone_opts $url &&
+		test_path_is_dir $dir
+	"
+}
+
+# basic syntax with bare and non-bare variants
+test_clone_dir host:foo foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo foo.git bare
+test_clone_dir host:foo.git foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo.git foo.git bare
+test_clone_dir host:foo/.git foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo/.git foo.git bare
+
+# similar, but using ssh URL rather than host:path syntax
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo foo.git bare
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo.git foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo.git foo.git bare
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo/.git foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo/.git foo.git bare
+
+# we should remove trailing slashes and .git suffixes
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo/ foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo/// foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo/.git/ foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo.git/ foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo.git/// foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo///.git/ foo
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo/.git/// foo
+
+test_clone_dir host:foo/ foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo/// foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo.git/ foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo/.git/ foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo.git/// foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo///.git/ foo
+test_clone_dir host:foo/.git/// foo
+
+# omitting the path should default to the hostname
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/ host
+test_clone_dir ssh://host:1234/ host
+test_clone_dir ssh://user@host/ host
+test_clone_dir host:/ host
+
+# auth materials should be redacted
+test_clone_dir ssh://user:password@host/ host
+test_clone_dir ssh://user:password@host:1234/ host
+test_clone_dir ssh://user:passw@rd@host:1234/ host
+test_clone_dir user@host:/ host
+test_clone_dir user:password@host:/ host
+test_clone_dir user:passw@rd@host:/ host
+
+# auth-like material should not be dropped
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo@bar foo@bar
+test_clone_dir ssh://host/foo@bar.git foo@bar
+test_clone_dir ssh://user:password@host/foo@bar foo@bar
+test_clone_dir ssh://user:passw@rd@host/foo@bar.git foo@bar
+
+test_clone_dir host:/foo@bar foo@bar
+test_clone_dir host:/foo@bar.git foo@bar
+test_clone_dir user:password@host:/foo@bar foo@bar
+test_clone_dir user:passw@rd@host:/foo@bar.git foo@bar
+
+# trailing port-like numbers should not be stripped for paths
+test_clone_dir ssh://user:password@host/test:1234 1234
+test_clone_dir ssh://user:password@host/test:1234.git 1234
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5604-clone-reference.sh b/t/t5604-clone-reference.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4320082b1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5604-clone-reference.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006 Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
+#
+
+test_description='test clone --reference'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+base_dir=$(pwd)
+
+U=$base_dir/UPLOAD_LOG
+
+# create a commit in repo $1 with name $2
+commit_in () {
+	(
+		cd "$1" &&
+		echo "$2" >"$2" &&
+		git add "$2" &&
+		git commit -m "$2"
+	)
+}
+
+# check that there are $2 loose objects in repo $1
+test_objcount () {
+	echo "$2" >expect &&
+	git -C "$1" count-objects >actual.raw &&
+	cut -d' ' -f1 <actual.raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing first repository' '
+	test_create_repo A &&
+	commit_in A file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing second repository' '
+	git clone A B &&
+	commit_in B file2 &&
+	git -C B repack -ad &&
+	git -C B prune
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (-l -s)' '
+	git clone -l -s --reference B A C
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'existence of info/alternates' '
+	test_line_count = 2 C/.git/objects/info/alternates
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from reference' '
+	git -C C pull ../B master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'that reference gets used' '
+	test_objcount C 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' '
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.D git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' '
+	test -s "$U.D" &&
+	! grep " want" "$U.D"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'existence of info/alternates' '
+	test_line_count = 1 D/.git/objects/info/alternates
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from reference' '
+	git -C D pull ../B master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'that reference gets used' '
+	test_objcount D 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updating origin' '
+	commit_in A file3 &&
+	git -C A repack -ad &&
+	git -C A prune
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling changes from origin' '
+	git -C C pull origin
+'
+
+# the 2 local objects are commit and tree from the merge
+test_expect_success 'that alternate to origin gets used' '
+	test_objcount C 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling changes from origin' '
+	git -C D pull origin
+'
+
+# the 5 local objects are expected; file3 blob, commit in A to add it
+# and its tree, and 2 are our tree and the merge commit.
+test_expect_success 'check objects expected to exist locally' '
+	test_objcount D 5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing alternate repository #1' '
+	test_create_repo F &&
+	commit_in F file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning alternate repo #2 and adding changes to repo #1' '
+	git clone F G &&
+	commit_in F file2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning alternate repo #1, using #2 as reference' '
+	git clone --reference G F H
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference being subset of source (-l -s)' '
+	git clone -l -s --reference A B E
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with multiple references drops duplicates' '
+	git clone -s --reference B --reference A --reference B A dups &&
+	test_line_count = 2 dups/.git/objects/info/alternates
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with reference from a tagged repository' '
+	(
+		cd A && git tag -a -m tagged HEAD
+	) &&
+	git clone --reference=A A I
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare branched repository' '
+	git clone A J &&
+	(
+		cd J &&
+		git checkout -b other master^ &&
+		echo other >otherfile &&
+		git add otherfile &&
+		git commit -m other &&
+		git checkout master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with incomplete alternates' '
+	git init K &&
+	echo "$base_dir/A/.git/objects" >K/.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	(
+		cd K &&
+		git remote add J "file://$base_dir/J" &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.K git fetch J
+	) &&
+	master_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/heads/master) &&
+	test -s "$U.K" &&
+	! grep " want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
+	tag_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/tags/HEAD) &&
+	! grep " want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo with gitfile as a reference' '
+	git clone --separate-git-dir=L A M &&
+	git clone --reference=M A N &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/N/.git/objects/info/alternates"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo pointed at by gitfile as reference' '
+	git clone --reference=M/.git A O &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/O/.git/objects/info/alternates"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone and dissociate from reference' '
+	git init P &&
+	(
+		cd P &&	test_commit one
+	) &&
+	git clone P Q &&
+	(
+		cd Q && test_commit two
+	) &&
+	git clone --no-local --reference=P Q R &&
+	git clone --no-local --reference=P --dissociate Q S &&
+	# removing the reference P would corrupt R but not S
+	rm -fr P &&
+	test_must_fail git -C R fsck &&
+	git -C S fsck
+'
+test_expect_success 'clone, dissociate from partial reference and repack' '
+	rm -fr P Q R &&
+	git init P &&
+	(
+		cd P &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git repack &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git repack
+	) &&
+	git clone --bare P Q &&
+	(
+		cd P &&
+		git checkout -b second &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git repack
+	) &&
+	git clone --bare --dissociate --reference=P Q R &&
+	ls R/objects/pack/*.pack >packs.txt &&
+	test_line_count = 1 packs.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone, dissociate from alternates' '
+	rm -fr A B C &&
+	test_create_repo A &&
+	commit_in A file1 &&
+	git clone --reference=A A B &&
+	test_line_count = 1 B/.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	git clone --local --dissociate B C &&
+	! test -f C/.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	( cd C && git fsck )
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh b/t/t5605-clone-local.sh
index 6972258b27..3c087e907c 100755
--- a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
+++ b/t/t5605-clone-local.sh
@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@
 test_description='test local clone'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-D=`pwd`
+repo_is_hardlinked() {
+	find "$1/objects" -type f -links 1 >output &&
+	test_line_count = 0 output
+}
 
 test_expect_success 'preparing origin repository' '
 	: >file && git add . && git commit -m1 &&
 	git clone --bare . a.git &&
 	git clone --bare . x &&
-	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=a.git/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
-	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=x/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
+	test "$(cd a.git && git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
+	test "$(cd x && git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
 	git bundle create b1.bundle --all &&
 	git bundle create b2.bundle master &&
 	mkdir dir &&
@@ -19,105 +22,72 @@ test_expect_success 'preparing origin repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone without .git suffix' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone -l -s a b &&
-	cd b &&
-	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=.git/config git config --bool core.bare)" = false &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd b &&
+	test "$(git config --bool core.bare)" = false &&
+	git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone with .git suffix' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone -l -s a.git c &&
-	cd c &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd c && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone from x' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone -l -s x y &&
-	cd y &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd y && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone from x.git that does not exist' '
-	cd "$D" &&
-	if git clone -l -s x.git z
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		echo happy
-	fi
+	test_must_fail git clone -l -s x.git z
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'With -no-hardlinks, local will make a copy' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone --bare --no-hardlinks x w &&
-	cd w &&
-	linked=$(find objects -type f ! -links 1 | wc -l) &&
-	test 0 = $linked
+	! repo_is_hardlinked w
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Even without -l, local will make a hardlink' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	rm -fr w &&
 	git clone -l --bare x w &&
-	cd w &&
-	copied=$(find objects -type f -links 1 | wc -l) &&
-	test 0 = $copied
+	repo_is_hardlinked w
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone of repo with nonexistent ref in HEAD' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	echo "ref: refs/heads/nonexistent" > a.git/HEAD &&
 	git clone a d &&
-	cd d &&
+	(cd d &&
 	git fetch &&
-	test ! -e .git/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD'
+	test ! -e .git/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD)
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone without .bundle suffix' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone dir/b3 &&
-	cd b3 &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd b3 && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone with .bundle suffix' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone b1.bundle &&
-	cd b1 &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd b1 && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone from b4' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone b4 bdl &&
-	cd bdl &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd bdl && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone from b4.bundle that does not exist' '
-	cd "$D" &&
-	if git clone b4.bundle bb
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		echo happy
-	fi
+	test_must_fail git clone b4.bundle bb
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone with nonexistent HEAD' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone b2.bundle b2 &&
-	cd b2 &&
+	(cd b2 &&
 	git fetch &&
-	test ! -e .git/refs/heads/master
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone empty repository' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	mkdir empty &&
 	(cd empty &&
 	 git init &&
@@ -135,7 +105,6 @@ test_expect_success 'clone empty repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone empty repository, and then push should not segfault.' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	rm -fr empty/ empty-clone/ &&
 	mkdir empty &&
 	(cd empty && git init) &&
@@ -145,16 +114,28 @@ test_expect_success 'clone empty repository, and then push should not segfault.'
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning non-existent directory fails' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	rm -rf does-not-exist &&
 	test_must_fail git clone does-not-exist
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning non-git directory fails' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	rm -rf not-a-git-repo not-a-git-repo-clone &&
 	mkdir not-a-git-repo &&
 	test_must_fail git clone not-a-git-repo not-a-git-repo-clone
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cloning file:// does not hardlink' '
+	git clone --bare file://"$(pwd)"/a non-local &&
+	! repo_is_hardlinked non-local
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning a local path with --no-local does not hardlink' '
+	git clone --bare --no-local a force-nonlocal &&
+	! repo_is_hardlinked force-nonlocal
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning locally respects "-u" for fetching refs' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --bare -u false a should_not_work.git
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh b/t/t5606-clone-options.sh
index 02cb024723..9e24ec88e6 100755
--- a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5606-clone-options.sh
@@ -19,17 +19,19 @@ test_expect_success 'clone -o' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'redirected clone' '
+test_expect_success 'redirected clone does not show progress' '
 
 	git clone "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s err
+	! grep % err &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Checking connectivity" err
 
 '
-test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v' '
+
+test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v does show progress' '
 
 	git clone --progress "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected-progress \
 		>out 2>err &&
-	test -s err
+	grep % err
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh b/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..348d9b3bc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='some bundle related tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -m tag tag &&
+	test_commit second &&
+	test_commit third &&
+	git tag -d initial &&
+	git tag -d second &&
+	git tag -d third
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'annotated tags can be excluded by rev-list options' '
+	git bundle create bundle --all --since=7.Apr.2005.15:14:00.-0700 &&
+	git ls-remote bundle > output &&
+	grep tag output &&
+	git bundle create bundle --all --since=7.Apr.2005.15:16:00.-0700 &&
+	git ls-remote bundle > output &&
+	! grep tag output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'die if bundle file cannot be created' '
+	mkdir adir &&
+	test_must_fail git bundle create adir --all
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'bundle --stdin' '
+	echo master | git bundle create stdin-bundle.bdl --stdin &&
+	git ls-remote stdin-bundle.bdl >output &&
+	grep master output
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'bundle --stdin <rev-list options>' '
+	echo master | git bundle create hybrid-bundle.bdl --stdin tag &&
+	git ls-remote hybrid-bundle.bdl >output &&
+	grep master output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty bundle file is rejected' '
+	: >empty-bundle &&
+	test_must_fail git fetch empty-bundle
+'
+
+# This triggers a bug in older versions where the resulting line (with
+# --pretty=oneline) was longer than a 1024-char buffer.
+test_expect_success 'ridiculously long subject in boundary' '
+	: >file4 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git add file4 &&
+	printf "%01200d\n" 0 | git commit -F - &&
+	test_commit fifth &&
+	git bundle create long-subject-bundle.bdl HEAD^..HEAD &&
+	git bundle list-heads long-subject-bundle.bdl >heads &&
+	test -s heads &&
+	git fetch long-subject-bundle.bdl &&
+	sed -n "/^-/{p;q;}" long-subject-bundle.bdl >boundary &&
+	grep "^-[0-9a-f]\\{40\\} " boundary
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prerequisites with an empty commit message' '
+	: >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	test_commit file2 &&
+	git bundle create bundle HEAD^.. &&
+	git bundle verify bundle
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh b/t/t5608-clone-2gb.sh
index e9783c341a..191d6d3a78 100755
--- a/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh
+++ b/t/t5608-clone-2gb.sh
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test_expect_success CLONE_2GB 'clone - bare' '
 
 test_expect_success CLONE_2GB 'clone - with worktree, file:// protocol' '
 
-	git clone file://. clone-wt
+	git clone "file://$(pwd)" clone-wt
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh b/t/t5609-clone-branch.sh
index f3f9a76056..6e7a7be052 100755
--- a/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t5609-clone-branch.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	 echo one >file && git add file && git commit -m one &&
 	 git checkout -b two &&
 	 echo two >file && git add file && git commit -m two &&
-	 git checkout master)
+	 git checkout master) &&
+	mkdir empty &&
+	(cd empty && git init)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'vanilla clone chooses HEAD' '
@@ -57,12 +59,12 @@ test_expect_success 'clone -b does not munge remotes/origin/HEAD' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'clone -b with bogus branch chooses HEAD' '
-	git clone -b bogus parent clone-bogus &&
-	(cd clone-bogus &&
-	 check_HEAD master &&
-	 check_file one
-	)
+test_expect_success 'clone -b with bogus branch' '
+	test_must_fail git clone -b bogus parent clone-bogus
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone -b not allowed with empty repos' '
+	test_must_fail git clone -b branch empty clone-branch-empty
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5707-clone-detached.sh b/t/t5610-clone-detached.sh
index 8b0d607df1..8b0d607df1 100755
--- a/t/t5707-clone-detached.sh
+++ b/t/t5610-clone-detached.sh
diff --git a/t/t5708-clone-config.sh b/t/t5611-clone-config.sh
index 27d730c0a7..e4850b778c 100755
--- a/t/t5708-clone-config.sh
+++ b/t/t5611-clone-config.sh
@@ -37,4 +37,24 @@ test_expect_success 'clone -c config is available during clone' '
 	test_cmp expect child/file
 '
 
+# Tests for the hidden file attribute on windows
+is_hidden () {
+	# Use the output of `attrib`, ignore the absolute path
+	case "$(attrib "$1")" in *H*?:*) return 0;; esac
+	return 1
+}
+
+test_expect_success MINGW 'clone -c core.hideDotFiles' '
+	test_commit attributes .gitattributes "" &&
+	rm -rf child &&
+	git clone -c core.hideDotFiles=false . child &&
+	! is_hidden child/.gitattributes &&
+	rm -rf child &&
+	git clone -c core.hideDotFiles=dotGitOnly . child &&
+	! is_hidden child/.gitattributes &&
+	rm -rf child &&
+	git clone -c core.hideDotFiles=true . child &&
+	is_hidden child/.gitattributes
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5612-clone-refspec.sh b/t/t5612-clone-refspec.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7ace2535c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5612-clone-refspec.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test refspec written by clone-command'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	# Make two branches, "master" and "side"
+	echo one >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo two >file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git tag two &&
+	echo three >file &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	echo four >file &&
+	git commit -a -m four &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	# default clone
+	git clone . dir_all &&
+
+	# default --single that follows HEAD=master
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_master &&
+
+	# default --single that follows HEAD=side
+	git checkout side &&
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_side &&
+
+	# explicit --single that follows side
+	git checkout master &&
+	git clone --single-branch --branch side . dir_side2 &&
+
+	# default --single with --mirror
+	git clone --single-branch --mirror . dir_mirror &&
+
+	# default --single with --branch and --mirror
+	git clone --single-branch --mirror --branch side . dir_mirror_side &&
+
+	# --single that does not know what branch to follow
+	git checkout two^ &&
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_detached &&
+
+	# explicit --single with tag
+	git clone --single-branch --branch two . dir_tag &&
+
+	# advance both "master" and "side" branches
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo five >file &&
+	git commit -a -m five &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo six >file &&
+	git commit -a -m six &&
+
+	# update tag
+	git tag -d two && git tag two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'by default all branches will be kept updated' '
+	(
+		cd dir_all && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# follow both master and side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'by default no tags will be kept updated' '
+	(
+		cd dir_all && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/tags >../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/tags >expect &&
+	test_must_fail test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch while HEAD pointing at master' '
+	(
+		cd dir_master && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow master
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch while HEAD pointing at side' '
+	(
+		cd dir_side && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch side' '
+	(
+		cd dir_side2 && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch with tag fetches updated tag' '
+	(
+		cd dir_tag && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/tags >../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/tags >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with --mirror' '
+	(
+		cd dir_mirror && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs > ../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch and --mirror' '
+	(
+		cd dir_mirror_side && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs > ../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with detached' '
+	(
+		cd dir_detached && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# nothing
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh b/t/t5613-info-alternate.sh
index ef7127c1b3..9cd2626dba 100755
--- a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
+++ b/t/t5613-info-alternate.sh
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ reachable_via() {
 
 test_valid_repo() {
 	git fsck --full > fsck.log &&
-	test `wc -l < fsck.log` = 0
+	test_line_count = 0 fsck.log
 }
 
-base_dir=`pwd`
+base_dir=$(pwd)
 
 test_expect_success 'preparing first repository' \
 'test_create_repo A && cd A &&
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test_expect_success 'creating too deep nesting' \
 git clone -l -s D E &&
 git clone -l -s E F &&
 git clone -l -s F G &&
-git clone -l -s G H'
+git clone --bare -l -s G H'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalidity of deepest repository' \
 'cd H && {
diff --git a/t/t5614-clone-submodules.sh b/t/t5614-clone-submodules.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a87d329656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5614-clone-submodules.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test shallow cloning of repos with submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+pwd=$(pwd)
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git checkout -b master &&
+	test_commit commit1 &&
+	test_commit commit2 &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit subcommit1 &&
+		test_commit subcommit2 &&
+		test_commit subcommit3
+	) &&
+	git submodule add "file://$pwd/sub" sub &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'nonshallow clone implies nonshallow submodule' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super_clone" &&
+	git clone --recurse-submodules "file://$pwd/." super_clone &&
+	git -C super_clone log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 3 lines &&
+	git -C super_clone/sub log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 3 lines
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow clone with shallow submodule' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super_clone" &&
+	git clone --recurse-submodules --depth 2 --shallow-submodules "file://$pwd/." super_clone &&
+	git -C super_clone log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 2 lines &&
+	git -C super_clone/sub log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 1 lines
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow clone does not imply shallow submodule' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super_clone" &&
+	git clone --recurse-submodules --depth 2 "file://$pwd/." super_clone &&
+	git -C super_clone log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 2 lines &&
+	git -C super_clone/sub log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 3 lines
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow clone with non shallow submodule' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super_clone" &&
+	git clone --recurse-submodules --depth 2 --no-shallow-submodules "file://$pwd/." super_clone &&
+	git -C super_clone log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 2 lines &&
+	git -C super_clone/sub log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 3 lines
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non shallow clone with shallow submodule' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super_clone" &&
+	git clone --recurse-submodules --no-local --shallow-submodules "file://$pwd/." super_clone &&
+	git -C super_clone log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 3 lines &&
+	git -C super_clone/sub log --oneline >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 1 lines
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone follows shallow recommendation' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super_clone" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.shallow true &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git commit -m "recommed shallow for sub" &&
+	git clone --recurse-submodules --no-local "file://$pwd/." super_clone &&
+	(
+		cd super_clone &&
+		git log --oneline >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 4 lines
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super_clone/sub &&
+		git log --oneline >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 1 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get unshallow recommended shallow submodule' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super_clone" &&
+	git clone --no-local "file://$pwd/." super_clone &&
+	(
+		cd super_clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --no-recommend-shallow &&
+		git log --oneline >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 4 lines
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super_clone/sub &&
+		git log --oneline >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 3 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone follows non shallow recommendation' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super_clone" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.shallow false &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git commit -m "recommed non shallow for sub" &&
+	git clone --recurse-submodules --no-local "file://$pwd/." super_clone &&
+	(
+		cd super_clone &&
+		git log --oneline >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 5 lines
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super_clone/sub &&
+		git log --oneline >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 3 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index c4c375ac04..0000000000
--- a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2006 Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
-#
-
-test_description='test clone --reference'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-base_dir=`pwd`
-
-U=$base_dir/UPLOAD_LOG
-
-test_expect_success 'preparing first repository' \
-'test_create_repo A && cd A &&
-echo first > file1 &&
-git add file1 &&
-git commit -m initial'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'preparing second repository' \
-'git clone A B && cd B &&
-echo second > file2 &&
-git add file2 &&
-git commit -m addition &&
-git repack -a -d &&
-git prune'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (-l -s)' \
-'git clone -l -s --reference B A C'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'existence of info/alternates' \
-'test `wc -l <C/.git/objects/info/alternates` = 2'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from reference' \
-'cd C &&
-git pull ../B master'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'that reference gets used' \
-'cd C &&
-echo "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" > expected &&
-git count-objects > current &&
-test_cmp expected current'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-rm -f "$U"
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' \
-'GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D 3>"$U"'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' \
-'! grep "^want" "$U"'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'existence of info/alternates' \
-'test `wc -l <D/.git/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from reference' \
-'cd D && git pull ../B master'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'that reference gets used' \
-'cd D && echo "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" > expected &&
-git count-objects > current &&
-test_cmp expected current'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'updating origin' \
-'cd A &&
-echo third > file3 &&
-git add file3 &&
-git commit -m update &&
-git repack -a -d &&
-git prune'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling changes from origin' \
-'cd C &&
-git pull origin'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-# the 2 local objects are commit and tree from the merge
-test_expect_success 'that alternate to origin gets used' \
-'cd C &&
-echo "2 objects" > expected &&
-git count-objects | cut -d, -f1 > current &&
-test_cmp expected current'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling changes from origin' \
-'cd D &&
-git pull origin'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-# the 5 local objects are expected; file3 blob, commit in A to add it
-# and its tree, and 2 are our tree and the merge commit.
-test_expect_success 'check objects expected to exist locally' \
-'cd D &&
-echo "5 objects" > expected &&
-git count-objects | cut -d, -f1 > current &&
-test_cmp expected current'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'preparing alternate repository #1' \
-'test_create_repo F && cd F &&
-echo first > file1 &&
-git add file1 &&
-git commit -m initial'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning alternate repo #2 and adding changes to repo #1' \
-'git clone F G && cd F &&
-echo second > file2 &&
-git add file2 &&
-git commit -m addition'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning alternate repo #1, using #2 as reference' \
-'git clone --reference G F H'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning with reference being subset of source (-l -s)' \
-'git clone -l -s --reference A B E'
-
-cd "$base_dir"
-
-test_expect_success 'clone with reference from a tagged repository' '
-	(
-		cd A && git tag -a -m 'tagged' HEAD
-	) &&
-	git clone --reference=A A I
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5704-bundle.sh b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 728ccd88c3..0000000000
--- a/t/t5704-bundle.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='some bundle related tests'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'setup' '
-
-	: > file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m initial &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git tag -m tag tag &&
-	: > file2 &&
-	git add file2 &&
-	: > file3 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m second &&
-	git add file3 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m third
-
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'tags can be excluded by rev-list options' '
-
-	git bundle create bundle --all --since=7.Apr.2005.15:16:00.-0700 &&
-	git ls-remote bundle > output &&
-	! grep tag output
-
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'die if bundle file cannot be created' '
-
-	mkdir adir &&
-	test_must_fail git bundle create adir --all
-
-'
-
-test_expect_failure 'bundle --stdin' '
-
-	echo master | git bundle create stdin-bundle.bdl --stdin &&
-	git ls-remote stdin-bundle.bdl >output &&
-	grep master output
-
-'
-
-test_expect_failure 'bundle --stdin <rev-list options>' '
-
-	echo master | git bundle create hybrid-bundle.bdl --stdin tag &&
-	git ls-remote hybrid-bundle.bdl >output &&
-	grep master output
-
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 1c62001fce..0000000000
--- a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
-#
-
-test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
-
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON ; then
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python not available'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-"$PYTHON_PATH" -c '
-import sys
-if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
-    sys.exit(1)
-' || {
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python version < 2.4'
-	test_done
-}
-
-compare_refs() {
-	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
-	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-}
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	git init --bare server/.git &&
-	git clone server public &&
-	(cd public &&
-	 echo content >file &&
-	 git add file &&
-	 git commit -m one &&
-	 git push origin master)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" localclone &&
-	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning from remote repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::file://${PWD}/server" clone &&
-	test_cmp public/file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
-	(cd public &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m two &&
-	 git push)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
-	(cd localclone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from remote remote' '
-	(cd clone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp public/file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
-	(cd localclone &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m three &&
-	git push) &&
-	compare_refs localclone HEAD server HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'synch with changes from localclone' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git pull)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pushing remote local repo' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m four &&
-	git push) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
-	(cd public &&
-	 git checkout -b new &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m five &&
-	 git push origin new
-	) &&
-	(cd localclone &&
-	 git fetch origin new
-	) &&
-	compare_refs public HEAD localclone FETCH_HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
-	(cd localclone &&
-	 git fetch
-	) &&
-	compare_refs server master localclone refs/remotes/origin/master &&
-	compare_refs server new localclone refs/remotes/origin/new
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m six &&
-	 git push
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone master server master
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m seven &&
-	 git push origin new-name
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
-'
-
-test_expect_failure 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..362b1581e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+
+compare_refs() {
+	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
+	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git init server &&
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git commit -m one)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m two)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
+	(cd local && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git push) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 git reset --hard &&
+	 git checkout -b new &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m five
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch origin new
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server master local refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	compare_refs server new local refs/remotes/origin/new
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git reset --hard origin/master &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m six &&
+	 git push
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local master server master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m seven &&
+	 git push origin new-name
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch with HEAD:new refspec' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git checkout new-name
+	 git push origin HEAD:new-refspec-2
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push delete branch' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git push origin :new-name
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir="server/.git" \
+	 rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new-name
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'forced push' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b force-test &&
+	echo content >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m eight &&
+	git push origin force-test &&
+	echo content >> file &&
+	git commit -a --amend -m eight-modified &&
+	git push --force origin force-test
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local refs/heads/force-test server refs/heads/force-test
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning without refspec' '
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" \
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local2 2>error &&
+	grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without refspecs' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" git pull 2>../error) &&
+	grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing without refspecs' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m ten &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC &&
+	test_must_fail git push 2>../error) &&
+	grep "remote-helper doesn.t support push; refspec needed" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without marks' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git pull) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'pushing without marks' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m twelve &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git push) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push all with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup2 master &&
+	git push origin --all
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup2 server dup2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push ref with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup master &&
+	git push origin dup
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup server dup
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag &&
+	git push origin signed-tag
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag^{} server signed-tag^{} &&
+	test_must_fail compare_refs local signed-tag server signed-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag with signed-tags capability' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag-2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS=1 git push origin signed-tag-2
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag-2 server signed-tag-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b update master &&
+	echo update >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m update &&
+	git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify remotes/origin/update >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs disabled by no-private-update' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo more-update >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m more-update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_PRIVATE_UPDATE=t git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs failure' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout update &&
+	echo "update fail" >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m "update fail" &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 1 env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE="non-fast forward" \
+		git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+clean_mark () {
+	cut -f 2 -d ' ' "$1" |
+	git cat-file --batch-check |
+	grep commit |
+	sort >$(basename "$1")
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for fetching' '
+	(cd local &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 git fetch 2>error &&
+	cat error &&
+	grep -q "Error while running fast-import" error
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for pushing' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf local/git.marks local/testgit.marks" &&
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b crash master &&
+	echo crash >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m crash &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 git push --all &&
+	clean_mark ".git/testgit/origin/git.marks" &&
+	clean_mark ".git/testgit/origin/testgit.marks" &&
+	test_cmp git.marks testgit.marks
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push messages' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b new_branch master &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch &&
+	git fetch origin &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch 2> msg &&
+	! grep "\[new branch\]" msg
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch HEAD' '
+	(cd server &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m more
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	git fetch origin HEAD
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch url' '
+	(cd server &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m more
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	git fetch "testgit::${PWD}/../server"
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh b/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b7a7f9d588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ext::cmd remote "connect" helper'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m second &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m third &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip three" three &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m fourth
+'
+
+test_expect_success clone '
+	cmd=$(echo "echo >&2 ext::sh invoked && %S .." | sed -e "s/ /% /g") &&
+	git clone "ext::sh -c %S% ." dst &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "ext::sh -c $cmd" &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/
+	) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update following tag' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m fifth &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip five" five &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update backfilled tag' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m sixth &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip two" two three^1 &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update backfilled tag without primary transfer' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip one " one two^1 &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'set up fake git-daemon' '
+	mkdir remote &&
+	git init --bare remote/one.git &&
+	mkdir remote/host &&
+	git init --bare remote/host/two.git &&
+	write_script fake-daemon <<-\EOF &&
+	git daemon --inetd \
+		--informative-errors \
+		--export-all \
+		--base-path="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/remote" \
+		--interpolated-path="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/remote/%H%D" \
+		"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/remote"
+	EOF
+	export TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+	PATH=$TRASH_DIRECTORY:$PATH
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ext command can connect to git daemon (no vhost)' '
+	rm -rf dst &&
+	git clone "ext::fake-daemon %G/one.git" dst
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ext command can connect to git daemon (vhost)' '
+	rm -rf dst &&
+	git clone "ext::fake-daemon %G/two.git %Vhost" dst
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5810-proto-disable-local.sh b/t/t5810-proto-disable-local.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..563592d8a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5810-proto-disable-local.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test disabling of local paths in clone/fetch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-proto-disable.sh"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository to clone' '
+	test_commit one
+'
+
+test_proto "file://" file "file://$PWD"
+test_proto "path" file .
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5811-proto-disable-git.sh b/t/t5811-proto-disable-git.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8ac6b2a1d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5811-proto-disable-git.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test disabling of git-over-tcp in clone/fetch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-proto-disable.sh"
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-git-daemon.sh"
+start_git_daemon
+
+test_expect_success 'create git-accessible repo' '
+	bare="$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git --bare init "$bare" &&
+	git push "$bare" HEAD &&
+	>"$bare/git-daemon-export-ok" &&
+	git -C "$bare" config daemon.receivepack true
+'
+
+test_proto "git://" git "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/repo.git"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5812-proto-disable-http.sh b/t/t5812-proto-disable-http.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0d105d5417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5812-proto-disable-http.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test disabling of git-over-http in clone/fetch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-proto-disable.sh"
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-httpd.sh"
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'create git-accessible repo' '
+	bare="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git --bare init "$bare" &&
+	git push "$bare" HEAD &&
+	git -C "$bare" config http.receivepack true
+'
+
+test_proto "smart http" http "$HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git"
+
+test_expect_success 'curl redirects respect whitelist' '
+	test_must_fail env GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=http:https \
+		git clone "$HTTPD_URL/ftp-redir/repo.git" 2>stderr &&
+	{
+		test_i18ngrep "ftp.*disabled" stderr ||
+		test_i18ngrep "your curl version is too old"
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'curl limits redirects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/loop-redir/smart/repo.git"
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5813-proto-disable-ssh.sh b/t/t5813-proto-disable-ssh.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a954ead8af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5813-proto-disable-ssh.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test disabling of git-over-ssh in clone/fetch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-proto-disable.sh"
+
+setup_ssh_wrapper
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository to clone' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	mkdir remote &&
+	git init --bare remote/repo.git &&
+	git push remote/repo.git HEAD
+'
+
+test_proto "host:path" ssh "remote:repo.git"
+test_proto "ssh://" ssh "ssh://remote$PWD/remote/repo.git"
+test_proto "git+ssh://" ssh "git+ssh://remote$PWD/remote/repo.git"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5814-proto-disable-ext.sh b/t/t5814-proto-disable-ext.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9d6f7dfa2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5814-proto-disable-ext.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test disabling of remote-helper paths in clone/fetch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-proto-disable.sh"
+
+setup_ext_wrapper
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository to clone' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	mkdir remote &&
+	git init --bare remote/repo.git &&
+	git push remote/repo.git HEAD
+'
+
+test_proto "remote-helper" ext "ext::fake-remote %S repo.git"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5815-submodule-protos.sh b/t/t5815-submodule-protos.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..06f55a1b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5815-submodule-protos.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test protocol whitelisting with submodules'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-proto-disable.sh
+
+setup_ext_wrapper
+setup_ssh_wrapper
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository with submodules' '
+	mkdir remote &&
+	git init remote/repo.git &&
+	(cd remote/repo.git && test_commit one) &&
+	# submodule-add should probably trust what we feed it on the cmdline,
+	# but its implementation is overly conservative.
+	GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=ssh git submodule add remote:repo.git ssh-module &&
+	GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=ext git submodule add "ext::fake-remote %S repo.git" ext-module &&
+	git commit -m "add submodules"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with recurse-submodules fails' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --recurse-submodules . dst
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup individual updates' '
+	rm -rf dst &&
+	git clone . dst &&
+	git -C dst submodule init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update of ssh allowed' '
+	git -C dst submodule update ssh-module
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update of ext not allowed' '
+	test_must_fail git -C dst submodule update ext-module
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'user can override whitelist' '
+	GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=ext git -C dst submodule update ext-module
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5900-repo-selection.sh b/t/t5900-repo-selection.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..14e59c5b3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5900-repo-selection.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='selecting remote repo in ambiguous cases'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+reset() {
+	rm -rf foo foo.git fetch clone
+}
+
+make_tree() {
+	git init "$1" &&
+	(cd "$1" && test_commit "$1")
+}
+
+make_bare() {
+	git init --bare "$1" &&
+	(cd "$1" &&
+	 tree=$(git hash-object -w -t tree /dev/null) &&
+	 commit=$(echo "$1" | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	 git update-ref HEAD $commit
+	)
+}
+
+get() {
+	git init --bare fetch &&
+	(cd fetch && git fetch "../$1") &&
+	git clone "$1" clone
+}
+
+check() {
+	echo "$1" >expect &&
+	(cd fetch && git log -1 --format=%s FETCH_HEAD) >actual.fetch &&
+	(cd clone && git log -1 --format=%s HEAD) >actual.clone &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.fetch &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.clone
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'find .git dir in worktree' '
+	reset &&
+	make_tree foo &&
+	get foo &&
+	check foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'automagically add .git suffix' '
+	reset &&
+	make_bare foo.git &&
+	get foo &&
+	check foo.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'automagically add .git suffix to worktree' '
+	reset &&
+	make_tree foo.git &&
+	get foo &&
+	check foo.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefer worktree foo over bare foo.git' '
+	reset &&
+	make_tree foo &&
+	make_bare foo.git &&
+	get foo &&
+	check foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefer bare foo over bare foo.git' '
+	reset &&
+	make_bare foo &&
+	make_bare foo.git &&
+	get foo &&
+	check foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate with full foo.git' '
+	reset &&
+	make_bare foo &&
+	make_bare foo.git &&
+	get foo.git &&
+	check foo.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'we are not fooled by non-git foo directory' '
+	reset &&
+	make_bare foo.git &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	get foo &&
+	check foo.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefer inner .git over outer bare' '
+	reset &&
+	make_tree foo &&
+	make_bare foo.git &&
+	mv foo/.git foo.git &&
+	get foo.git &&
+	check foo
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
index b10685af4e..3e752ce032 100755
--- a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
+++ b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
@@ -42,10 +42,62 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list --objects with pathspecs and copied files' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m that &&
 
-	ONE=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one)
+	ONE=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one) &&
 	git rev-list --objects HEAD two >output &&
 	grep "$ONE two/three" output &&
 	! grep one output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list A..B and rev-list ^A B are the same' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m another &&
+	git tag -a -m "annotated" v1.0 &&
+	git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0 >expect &&
+	git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'propagate uninteresting flag down correctly' '
+	git rev-list --objects ^HEAD^{tree} HEAD^{tree} >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symleft flag bit is propagated down from tag' '
+	git log --format="%m %s" --left-right v1.0...master >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	> two
+	> one
+	< another
+	< that
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list can show index objects' '
+	# Of the blobs and trees in the index, note:
+	#
+	#   - we do not show two/three, because it is the
+	#     same blob as "one", and we show objects only once
+	#
+	#   - we do show the tree "two", because it has a valid cache tree
+	#     from the last commit
+	#
+	#   - we do not show the root tree; since we updated the index, it
+	#     does not have a valid cache tree
+	#
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	8e4020bb5a8d8c873b25de15933e75cc0fc275df one
+	d9d3a7417b9605cfd88ee6306b28dadc29e6ab08 only-in-index
+	9200b628cf9dc883a85a7abc8d6e6730baee589c two
+	EOF
+	echo only-in-index >only-in-index &&
+	git add only-in-index &&
+	git rev-list --objects --indexed-objects >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--bisect and --first-parent can not be combined' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-list --bisect --first-parent HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh b/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh
index 8efcd13079..05ddc69cf2 100755
--- a/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh
+++ b/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh
@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo >subdir/fileB fileB &&
 	git add fileA subdir/fileB &&
 	git commit -a -m "Initial in one history." &&
-	A0=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	A0=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	echo >fileA fileA modified &&
 	git commit -a -m "Second in one history." &&
-	A1=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	A1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	echo >subdir/fileB fileB modified &&
 	git commit -a -m "Third in one history." &&
-	A2=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	A2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	rm -f .git/refs/heads/master .git/index &&
 
@@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo >subdir/fileB fileB again &&
 	git add fileA subdir/fileB &&
 	git commit -a -m "Initial in alternate history." &&
-	B0=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	B0=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	echo >fileA fileA modified in alternate history &&
 	git commit -a -m "Second in alternate history." &&
-	B1=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	B1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	echo >subdir/fileB fileB modified in alternate history &&
 	git commit -a -m "Third in alternate history." &&
-	B2=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	B2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	: done
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
index fb07536a0f..3bf2759eae 100755
--- a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
+++ b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ test_bisection_diff()
 	# Test if bisection size is close to half of list size within
 	# tolerance.
 	#
-	_bisect_err=`expr $_list_size - $_bisection_size \* 2`
-	test "$_bisect_err" -lt 0 && _bisect_err=`expr 0 - $_bisect_err`
-	_bisect_err=`expr $_bisect_err / 2` ; # floor
+	_bisect_err=$(expr $_list_size - $_bisection_size \* 2)
+	test "$_bisect_err" -lt 0 && _bisect_err=$(expr 0 - $_bisect_err)
+	_bisect_err=$(expr $_bisect_err / 2) ; # floor
 
 	test_expect_success \
 	"bisection diff $_bisect_option $_head $* <= $_max_diff" \
@@ -39,25 +39,25 @@ test_bisection_diff()
 date >path0
 git update-index --add path0
 save_tag tree git write-tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
+on_committer_date "00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_committer_date "00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_committer_date "00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_committer_date "00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_committer_date "00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_committer_date "00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_committer_date "00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_committer_date "00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_committer_date "00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
 git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
 
 
@@ -90,29 +90,29 @@ git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
 #     F
 
 
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
-
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
+on_committer_date "00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
+on_committer_date "00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
+on_committer_date "00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
+on_committer_date "00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
+on_committer_date "00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
+on_committer_date "00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
+on_committer_date "00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
+
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
 
 test_sequence()
 {
diff --git a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
index e4c52b0214..24d1836f41 100755
--- a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
+++ b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
@@ -16,39 +16,34 @@ list_duplicates()
 date >path0
 git update-index --add path0
 save_tag tree git write-tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
+on_dates "00:00" "00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_dates "00:01" "00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_dates "00:02" "00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_dates "00:03" "00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_dates "00:04" "00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_dates "00:05" "00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_dates "00:06" "00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_dates "00:07" "00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_dates "00:08" "00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_dates "00:09" "00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
+on_dates "00:10" "00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_dates "00:11" "00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_dates "00:12" "00:00" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_dates "00:13" "00:01" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_dates "00:14" "00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_dates "00:15" "00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_dates "00:16" "00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_dates "00:17" "00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_dates "00:18" "00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_dates "00:19" "00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
+on_dates "00:20" "00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
+on_dates "00:21" "00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
+on_dates "00:22" "00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
+on_dates "00:23" "00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
+on_dates "00:24" "00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
+on_dates "00:25" "00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
 
 
-#
-# note: as of 20/6, it isn't possible to create duplicate parents, so this
-# can't be tested.
-#
-#on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m3 unique_commit m3 tree -p c3 -p a4 -p c3
 hide_error save_tag e1 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e1 tree
 save_tag e2 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e2 tree -p e1
 save_tag f1 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f1 tree -p e1
@@ -105,6 +100,50 @@ l0
 root
 EOF
 
+test_output_expect_success 'simple date order' 'git rev-list --date-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+a3
+a2
+c3
+c2
+b3
+b2
+c1
+b1
+a1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'simple author-date order' 'git rev-list --author-date-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+c3
+c2
+b3
+b2
+c1
+b1
+a3
+a2
+a1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
 test_output_expect_success 'two diamonds topo order (g6)' 'git rev-list --topo-order  g4' <<EOF
 g4
 h2
diff --git a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
index 444279077e..a1dcdb81d7 100755
--- a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
+++ b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
@@ -1,67 +1,118 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
+
 test_description='git rev-list --pretty=format test'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
 
 test_tick
+# Tested non-UTF-8 encoding
+test_encoding="ISO8859-1"
+
+# String "added" in German
+# (translated with Google Translate),
+# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+added_utf8_part=$(printf "\303\274")
+added_utf8_part_iso88591=$(echo "$added_utf8_part" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding)
+added=$(printf "added (hinzugef${added_utf8_part}gt) foo")
+added_iso88591=$(echo "$added" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding)
+# same but "changed"
+changed_utf8_part=$(printf "\303\244")
+changed_utf8_part_iso88591=$(echo "$changed_utf8_part" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding)
+changed=$(printf "changed (ge${changed_utf8_part}ndert) foo")
+changed_iso88591=$(echo "$changed" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding)
+
+# Count of char to truncate
+# Number is chosen so, that non-ACSII characters
+# (see $added_utf8_part and $changed_utf8_part)
+# fall into truncated parts of appropriate words both from left and right
+truncate_count=20
+
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-touch foo && git add foo && git commit -m "added foo" &&
-  echo changed >foo && git commit -a -m "changed foo"
+	: >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git config i18n.commitEncoding $test_encoding &&
+	echo "$added_iso88591" | git commit -F - &&
+	head1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head1_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $head1) &&
+	tree1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	tree1_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $tree1) &&
+	echo "$changed" > foo &&
+	echo "$changed_iso88591" | git commit -a -F - &&
+	head2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head2_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $head2) &&
+	tree2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	tree2_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $tree2) &&
+	git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
 '
 
-# usage: test_format name format_string <expected_output
-test_format() {
+# usage: test_format name format_string [failure] <expected_output
+test_format () {
 	cat >expect.$1
-	test_expect_success "format $1" "
-git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
-test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
-"
+	test_expect_${3:-success} "format $1" "
+		git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
+		test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
+	"
+}
+
+# Feed to --format to provide predictable colored sequences.
+AUTO_COLOR='%C(auto,red)foo%C(auto,reset)'
+has_color () {
+	printf '\033[31mfoo\033[m\n' >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
 }
 
-test_format percent %%h <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+has_no_color () {
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
+}
+
+test_format percent %%h <<EOF
+commit $head2
 %h
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 %h
 EOF
 
-test_format hash %H%n%h <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-131a310
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cf
+test_format hash %H%n%h <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$head2
+$head2_short
+commit $head1
+$head1
+$head1_short
 EOF
 
-test_format tree %T%n%t <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-fe722612f26da5064c32ca3843aa154bdb0b08a0
-fe72261
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-4d5fcadc293a348e88f777dc0920f11e7d71441c
-4d5fcad
+test_format tree %T%n%t <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$tree2
+$tree2_short
+commit $head1
+$tree1
+$tree1_short
 EOF
 
-test_format parents %P%n%p <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cf
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format parents %P%n%p <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$head1
+$head1_short
+commit $head1
 
 
 EOF
 
 # we don't test relative here
-test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<EOF
+commit $head2
 A U Thor
 author@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
 Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 A U Thor
 author@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
@@ -69,14 +120,14 @@ Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
 EOF
 
-test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<EOF
+commit $head2
 C O Mitter
 committer@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
 Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 C O Mitter
 committer@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
@@ -84,86 +135,225 @@ Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
 EOF
 
-test_format encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format encoding %e <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$test_encoding
+commit $head1
+$test_encoding
+EOF
+
+test_format subject %s <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$changed
+commit $head1
+$added
 EOF
 
-test_format subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+test_format subject-truncated "%<($truncate_count,trunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head2
+changed (ge${changed_utf8_part}ndert)..
+commit $head1
+added (hinzugef${added_utf8_part}gt..
 EOF
 
-test_format body %b <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format body %b <<EOF
+commit $head2
+commit $head1
 EOF
 
-test_format raw-body %B <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
+test_format raw-body %B <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$changed
 
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+commit $head1
+$added
 
 EOF
 
-test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<EOF
+commit $head2
 foobarbazxyzzy
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 foobarbazxyzzy
 EOF
 
-test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<EOF
+commit $head2
 foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 foo
 EOF
 
-cat >commit-msg <<'EOF'
+test_expect_success '%C(auto,...) does not enable color by default' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto,...) enables colors for color.diff' '
+	git -c color.diff=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto,...) enables colors for color.ui' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto,...) respects --color' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto,...) respects --no-color' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --no-color >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY '%C(auto,...) respects --color=auto (stdout is tty)' '
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 \
+		git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto,...) respects --color=auto (stdout not tty)' '
+	(
+		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
+		git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+		has_no_color actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color' '
+	git log --color --format="%C(auto)%H" -1 >actual &&
+	printf "\\033[33m%s\\033[m\\n" $(git rev-parse HEAD) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --no-color' '
+	git log --no-color --format="%C(auto)%H" -1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding > commit-msg <<EOF
 Test printing of complex bodies
 
 This commit message is much longer than the others,
-and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
-include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+and it will be encoded in $test_encoding. We should therefore
+include an ISO8859 character: ¡bueno!
 EOF
+
 test_expect_success 'setup complex body' '
-git config i18n.commitencoding iso8859-1 &&
-  echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg
+	git config i18n.commitencoding $test_encoding &&
+	echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head3_short=$(git rev-parse --short $head3)
 '
 
-test_format complex-encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
-iso8859-1
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format complex-encoding %e <<EOF
+commit $head3
+$test_encoding
+commit $head2
+$test_encoding
+commit $head1
+$test_encoding
 EOF
 
-test_format complex-subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+test_format complex-subject %s <<EOF
+commit $head3
 Test printing of complex bodies
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+commit $head2
+$changed_iso88591
+commit $head1
+$added_iso88591
 EOF
 
-test_format complex-body %b <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
-This commit message is much longer than the others,
-and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
-include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+test_format complex-subject-trunc "%<($truncate_count,trunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of c..
+commit $head2
+changed (ge${changed_utf8_part_iso88591}ndert)..
+commit $head1
+added (hinzugef${added_utf8_part_iso88591}gt..
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-subject-mtrunc "%<($truncate_count,mtrunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test prin..ex bodies
+commit $head2
+changed (..dert) foo
+commit $head1
+added (hi..f${added_utf8_part_iso88591}gt) foo
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-subject-ltrunc "%<($truncate_count,ltrunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+.. of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+..ged (ge${changed_utf8_part_iso88591}ndert) foo
+commit $head1
+.. (hinzugef${added_utf8_part_iso88591}gt) foo
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare expected messages (for test %b)' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expected.utf-8 &&
+	commit $head3
+	This commit message is much longer than the others,
+	and it will be encoded in $test_encoding. We should therefore
+	include an ISO8859 character: ¡bueno!
+
+	commit $head2
+	commit $head1
+	EOF
+	iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding expected.utf-8 >expected.ISO8859-1
+'
+
+test_format complex-body %b <expected.ISO8859-1
+
+# Git uses i18n.commitEncoding if no i18n.logOutputEncoding set
+# so unset i18n.commitEncoding to test encoding conversion
+git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
+
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset %s <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+$changed
+commit $head1
+$added
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset-trunc "%<($truncate_count,trunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of c..
+commit $head2
+changed (ge${changed_utf8_part}ndert)..
+commit $head1
+added (hinzugef${added_utf8_part}gt..
+EOF
 
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset-mtrunc "%<($truncate_count,mtrunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test prin..ex bodies
+commit $head2
+changed (..dert) foo
+commit $head1
+added (hi..f${added_utf8_part}gt) foo
 EOF
 
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset-ltrunc "%<($truncate_count,ltrunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+.. of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+..ged (ge${changed_utf8_part}ndert) foo
+commit $head1
+.. (hinzugef${added_utf8_part}gt) foo
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-body-commitencoding-unset %b <expected.utf-8
+
 test_expect_success '%x00 shows NUL' '
-	echo  >expect commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea &&
+	echo  >expect commit $head3 &&
 	echo >>expect fooQbar &&
 	git rev-list -1 --format=foo%x00bar HEAD >actual.nul &&
 	nul_to_q <actual.nul >actual &&
@@ -180,42 +370,39 @@ test_expect_success 'empty email' '
 	test_tick &&
 	C=$(GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL= git commit-tree HEAD^{tree} </dev/null) &&
 	A=$(git show --pretty=format:%an,%ae,%ad%n -s $C) &&
-	test "$A" = "A U Thor,,Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700" || {
-		echo "Eh? $A" >failure
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$A" = "A U Thor,,Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'del LF before empty (1)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%n%-b%nThanks%n" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 2
+	test_line_count = 2 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'del LF before empty (2)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%n%-b%nThanks%n" HEAD >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 6 &&
+	test_line_count = 6 actual &&
 	grep "^$" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add LF before non-empty (1)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%+b%nThanks%n" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 2
+	test_line_count = 2 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add LF before non-empty (2)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%+b%nThanks%n" HEAD >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 6 &&
+	test_line_count = 6 actual &&
 	grep "^$" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add SP before non-empty (1)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s% bThanks" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -w <actual) = 2
+	test $(wc -w <actual) = 3
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add SP before non-empty (2)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s% sThanks" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -w <actual) = 4
+	test $(wc -w <actual) = 6
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--abbrev' '
@@ -278,8 +465,22 @@ test_expect_success 'oneline with empty message' '
 	git commit -m "dummy" --allow-empty &&
 	git filter-branch --msg-filter "sed -e s/dummy//" HEAD^^.. &&
 	git rev-list --oneline HEAD >test.txt &&
-	test $(git rev-list --oneline HEAD | wc -l) -eq 5 &&
-	test $(git rev-list --oneline --graph HEAD | wc -l) -eq 5
+	test_line_count = 5 test.txt &&
+	git rev-list --oneline --graph HEAD >testg.txt &&
+	test_line_count = 5 testg.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single-character name is parsed correctly' '
+	git commit --author="a <a@example.com>" --allow-empty -m foo &&
+	echo "a <a@example.com>" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format="%an <%ae>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unused %G placeholders are passed through' '
+	echo "%GX %G" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format="%GX %G" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
index 30507407ff..20e3e2554a 100755
--- a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ test_expect_success 'setup roots, merges and octopuses' '
 	git checkout -b yetanotherbranch four &&
 	test_commit eight &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	test_merge normalmerge newroot &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge --allow-unrelated-histories -m normalmerge newroot &&
+	git tag normalmerge &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge -m tripus sidebranch anotherbranch &&
 	git tag tripus &&
@@ -133,4 +135,17 @@ test_expect_success 'dodecapus' '
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=13" &&
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=4 --max-parents=11" tetrapus
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'ancestors with the same commit time' '
+
+	test_tick_keep=$test_tick &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
+		test_tick=$test_tick_keep
+		test_commit t$i
+	done &&
+	git rev-list t1^! --not t$i >result &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect result
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6010-merge-base.sh b/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
index f80bba871c..e0c5f44cac 100755
--- a/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
+++ b/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
@@ -215,11 +215,13 @@ test_expect_success 'criss-cross merge-base for octopus-step' '
 	git reset --hard E &&
 	test_commit CC2 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git merge -s ours CC1 &&
+	# E is a root commit unrelated to MMR root on which CC1 is based
+	git merge -s ours --allow-unrelated-histories CC1 &&
 	test_commit CC-o &&
 	test_commit CCB &&
 	git reset --hard CC1 &&
-	git merge -s ours CC2 &&
+	# E is a root commit unrelated to MMR root on which CC1 is based
+	git merge -s ours --allow-unrelated-histories CC2 &&
 	test_commit CCA &&
 
 	git rev-parse CC1 CC2 >expected &&
@@ -230,4 +232,71 @@ test_expect_success 'criss-cross merge-base for octopus-step' '
 	test_cmp expected.sorted actual.sorted
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'using reflog to find the fork point' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b base $E &&
+
+	(
+		for count in 1 2 3
+		do
+			git commit --allow-empty -m "Base commit #$count" &&
+			git rev-parse HEAD >expect$count &&
+			git checkout -B derived &&
+			git commit --allow-empty -m "Derived #$count" &&
+			git rev-parse HEAD >derived$count &&
+			git checkout -B base $E || exit 1
+		done
+
+		for count in 1 2 3
+		do
+			git merge-base --fork-point base $(cat derived$count) >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect$count actual || exit 1
+		done
+
+	) &&
+	# check that we correctly default to HEAD
+	git checkout derived &&
+	git merge-base --fork-point base >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect3 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-base --octopus --all for complex tree' '
+	# Best common ancestor for JE, JAA and JDD is JC
+	#             JE
+	#            / |
+	#           /  |
+	#          /   |
+	#  JAA    /    |
+	#   |\   /     |
+	#   | \  | JDD |
+	#   |  \ |/ |  |
+	#   |   JC JD  |
+	#   |    | /|  |
+	#   |    |/ |  |
+	#  JA    |  |  |
+	#   |\  /|  |  |
+	#   X JB |  X  X
+	#   \  \ | /   /
+	#    \__\|/___/
+	#        J
+	test_commit J &&
+	test_commit JB &&
+	git reset --hard J &&
+	test_commit JC &&
+	git reset --hard J &&
+	test_commit JTEMP1 &&
+	test_merge JA JB &&
+	test_merge JAA JC &&
+	git reset --hard J &&
+	test_commit JTEMP2 &&
+	test_merge JD JB &&
+	test_merge JDD JC &&
+	git reset --hard J &&
+	test_commit JTEMP3 &&
+	test_merge JE JC &&
+	git rev-parse JC >expected &&
+	git merge-base --all --octopus JAA JDD JE >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
index af34a1e817..2a0fbb87b1 100755
--- a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
+++ b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
@@ -14,21 +14,24 @@ unnote () {
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo "Hi there" >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file" &&
+	echo "initial" >lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file and lost" &&
 	note A &&
 
 	git branch other-branch &&
 
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file" &&
+	echo "second" >lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file and lost" &&
 	note B &&
 
 	git checkout other-branch &&
 
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
-	git add file &&
+	>lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
 	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified the file identically" &&
 	note C &&
 
@@ -37,7 +40,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick && git commit -m "Add another file" &&
 	note D &&
 
-	test_tick && git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	>lost && git commit -a -m "merge" &&
 	note E &&
 
 	echo "Yet another" >elif &&
@@ -56,35 +61,70 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	echo "Final change" >file &&
 	test_tick && git commit -a -m "Final change" &&
-	note I
+	note I &&
+
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/unrelated &&
+	git rm -f "*" &&
+	echo "Unrelated branch" >side &&
+	git add side &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Side root" &&
+	note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge --allow-unrelated-histories -m "Coolest" unrelated &&
+	note K &&
+
+	echo "Immaterial" >elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Last" &&
+	note L
 '
 
 FMT='tformat:%P 	%H | %s'
 
-check_result () {
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
 	for c in $1
 	do
 		echo "$c"
 	done >expect &&
 	shift &&
 	param="$*" &&
-	test_expect_success "log $param" '
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
 		git log --pretty="$FMT" --parents $param |
 		unnote >actual &&
 		sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
-		test_cmp expect check || {
-			cat actual
-			false
-		}
+		test_cmp expect check
 	'
 }
 
-check_result 'I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+check_result 'L K J I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
 check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges -- file
 check_result 'I B A' -- file
 check_result 'I B A' --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'H' --first-parent -- another-file
+
+check_result 'E C B A' --full-history E -- lost
+test_expect_success 'full history simplification without parent' '
+	printf "%s\n" E C B A >expect &&
+	git log --pretty="$FMT" --full-history E -- lost |
+	unnote >actual &&
+	sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
+	test_cmp expect check
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--full-diff is not affected by --parents' '
+	git log -p --pretty="%H" --full-diff -- file >expected &&
+	git log -p --pretty="%H" --full-diff --parents -- file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh b/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh
index 991ab4a65b..c9bedd29cb 100755
--- a/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh
+++ b/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh
@@ -35,4 +35,8 @@ test_expect_success 'repack does not lose detached HEAD' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --graph --no-walk is forbidden' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-list --graph --no-walk HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6015-rev-list-show-all-parents.sh b/t/t6015-rev-list-show-all-parents.sh
index 8b146fb432..3c73c93ba6 100755
--- a/t/t6015-rev-list-show-all-parents.sh
+++ b/t/t6015-rev-list-show-all-parents.sh
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ test_description='--show-all --parents does not rewrite TREESAME commits'
 
 test_expect_success 'set up --show-all --parents test' '
 	test_commit one foo.txt &&
-	commit1=`git rev-list -1 HEAD` &&
+	commit1=$(git rev-list -1 HEAD) &&
 	test_commit two bar.txt &&
-	commit2=`git rev-list -1 HEAD` &&
+	commit2=$(git rev-list -1 HEAD) &&
 	test_commit three foo.txt &&
-	commit3=`git rev-list -1 HEAD`
+	commit3=$(git rev-list -1 HEAD)
 	'
 
 test_expect_success '--parents rewrites TREESAME parents correctly' '
diff --git a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
index f00cebff3e..d00f7db868 100755
--- a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
@@ -129,6 +129,18 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-parse --remotes=foo' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude with --branches' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=*/* --branches" "master someref subspace-x"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude with --all' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --all" "--branches --tags"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse accumulates multiple --exclude' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --exclude=refs/tags/* --all" --branches
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=refs/heads/subspace/*' '
 
 	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=refs/heads/subspace/*"
@@ -231,6 +243,48 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list --remotes=foo' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude with --branches' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=*/* --branches" "master someref subspace-x"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude with --all' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --all" "--branches --tags"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list accumulates multiple --exclude' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --exclude=refs/tags/* --all" --branches
+'
+
+
+# "git rev-list<ENTER>" is likely to be a bug in the calling script and may
+# deserve an error message, but do cases where set of refs programatically
+# given using globbing and/or --stdin need to fail with the same error, or
+# are we better off reporting a success with no output?  The following few
+# tests document the current behaviour to remind us that we might want to
+# think about this issue.
+
+test_expect_failure 'rev-list may want to succeed with empty output on no input (1)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git rev-list --stdin <expect >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'rev-list may want to succeed with empty output on no input (2)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git rev-list --exclude=* --all >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'rev-list may want to succeed with empty output on no input (3)' '
+	(
+		test_create_repo empty &&
+		cd empty &&
+		>expect &&
+		git rev-list --all >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'shortlog accepts --glob/--tags/--remotes' '
 
 	compare shortlog "subspace/one subspace/two" --branches=subspace &&
diff --git a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
index 39b4cb0ecd..dabebaee0b 100755
--- a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
+++ b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ test_description='--ancestry-path'
 #
 #  D..M -- M.t                 == M
 #  --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t == M
+#
+#  F...I                 == F G H I
+#  --ancestry-path F...I == F H I
+#
+#  G..M -- G.t                 == [nothing - was dropped in "-s ours" merge L]
+#  --ancestry-path G..M -- G.t == L
+#  --ancestry-path --simplify-merges G^..M -- G.t == G L
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -63,13 +70,52 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list D..M -- M.t' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-patch D..M -- M.t' '
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t' '
 	echo M >expect &&
 	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s D..M -- M.t |
 	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list F...I' '
+	for c in F G H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path F...I' '
+	for c in F H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# G.t is dropped in an "-s ours" merge
+test_expect_success 'rev-list G..M -- G.t' '
+	>expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s G..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path G..M -- G.t' '
+	echo L >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s G..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path --simplify-merges G^..M -- G.t' '
+	for c in G L; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --simplify-merges --format=%s G^..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 #   b---bc
 #  / \ /
 # a   X
diff --git a/t/t6020-merge-df.sh b/t/t6020-merge-df.sh
index 27c3d73961..2af1beec5f 100755
--- a/t/t6020-merge-df.sh
+++ b/t/t6020-merge-df.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Merge with d/f conflicts' '
-	test_expect_code 1 git merge "merge msg" B master
+	test_expect_code 1 git merge -m "merge msg" master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'F/D conflict' '
diff --git a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
index 331b9b07d4..213deecab1 100755
--- a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
+++ b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Fredrik Kuivinen
 #
 
-# See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
+# See http://marc.info/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
 # nice description of what this is about.
 
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ echo "1
 " > file &&
 git commit -m "C3" file &&
 git branch C3 &&
-git merge "pre E3 merge" B A &&
+git merge -m "pre E3 merge" A &&
 echo "1
 2
 3 changed in E3, branch B. New file size
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ echo "1
 " > file &&
 git commit -m "E3" file &&
 git checkout A &&
-git merge "pre D8 merge" A C3 &&
+git merge -m "pre D8 merge" C3 &&
 echo "1
 2
 3 changed in C3, branch B
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ echo "1
 9" > file &&
 git commit -m D8 file'
 
-test_expect_success 'Criss-cross merge' 'git merge "final merge" A B'
+test_expect_success 'Criss-cross merge' 'git merge -m "final merge" B'
 
 cat > file-expect <<EOF
 1
diff --git a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
index 9d8584e957..05ebba7afa 100755
--- a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@ test_expect_success 'merge of identical changes in a renamed file' '
 	rm -f A M N &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout change+rename &&
-	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change | grep "^Skipped B" &&
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change | test_i18ngrep "^Skipped B" &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	git checkout change &&
-	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change+rename | grep "^Skipped B"
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change+rename | test_i18ngrep "^Skipped B"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for rename + d/f conflicts' '
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for rename + d/f conflicts' '
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >sub/file &&
 	echo foo >dir/file-in-the-way &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	echo 11 >>sub/file &&
 	echo more >>dir/file-in-the-way &&
@@ -303,9 +303,9 @@ test_expect_success 'Rename+D/F conflict; renamed file merges but dir in way' '
 	git checkout -q renamed-file-has-no-conflicts^0 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive dir-in-way >output &&
 
-	grep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
-	grep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
-	grep "Adding as dir~HEAD instead" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Adding as dir~HEAD instead" output &&
 
 	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
 	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
@@ -325,9 +325,9 @@ test_expect_success 'Same as previous, but merged other way' '
 	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive renamed-file-has-no-conflicts >output 2>errors &&
 
 	! grep "error: refusing to lose untracked file at" errors &&
-	grep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
-	grep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
-	grep "Adding as dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts instead" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Adding as dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts instead" output &&
 
 	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
 	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup both rename source and destination involved in D/F co
 	mkdir one &&
 	echo stuff >one/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv one/file destdir &&
 	git commit -m "Renamed to destdir" &&
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup pair rename to parent of other (D/F conflicts)' '
 	echo stuff >one/file &&
 	echo other >two/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf one &&
 	git mv two/file one &&
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup rename of one file to two, with directories in the wa
 
 	echo stuff >original &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	mkdir two &&
 	>two/file &&
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup rename one file to two; directories moving out of the
 	mkdir one two &&
 	touch one/file two/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf one &&
 	git mv original one &&
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, normal rename' '
 
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >original &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv original rename &&
 	echo 11 >>rename &&
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup to test avoiding unnecessary update, with D/F conflic
 	mkdir df &&
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >df/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv df/file temp &&
 	rm -rf df &&
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, dir->(file,nothing)' '
 	git add -A &&
 	git commit -mA &&
 
-	git checkout -b side
+	git checkout -b side &&
 	git rm -rf df &&
 	git commit -mB &&
 
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, modify/delete' '
 	git add -A &&
 	git commit -mA &&
 
-	git checkout -b side
+	git checkout -b side &&
 	git rm -f file &&
 	git commit -m "Delete file" &&
 
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, rename/add-dest' '
 	git add -A &&
 	git commit -mA &&
 
-	git checkout -b side
+	git checkout -b side &&
 	cp file newfile &&
 	git add -A &&
 	git commit -m "Add file copy" &&
@@ -884,4 +884,20 @@ test_expect_success 'no spurious "refusing to lose untracked" message' '
 	! grep "refusing to lose untracked file" errors.txt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not follow renames for empty files' '
+	git checkout -f -b empty-base &&
+	>empty1 &&
+	git add empty1 &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	echo content >empty1 &&
+	git add empty1 &&
+	git commit -m fill &&
+	git checkout -b empty-topic HEAD^ &&
+	git mv empty1 empty2 &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	test_must_fail git merge empty-base &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect empty2
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6023-merge-file.sh b/t/t6023-merge-file.sh
index 432f086c06..20aee43f95 100755
--- a/t/t6023-merge-file.sh
+++ b/t/t6023-merge-file.sh
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ test_expect_success 'works in subdirectory' '
 	cp new1.txt dir/a.txt &&
 	cp orig.txt dir/o.txt &&
 	cp new2.txt dir/b.txt &&
-	( cd dir && git merge-file a.txt o.txt b.txt )
+	( cd dir && git merge-file a.txt o.txt b.txt ) &&
+	test_path_is_missing a.txt
 '
 
 cp new1.txt test.txt
@@ -77,12 +78,29 @@ test_expect_success "merge without conflict (--quiet)" \
 	"git merge-file --quiet test.txt orig.txt new2.txt"
 
 cp new1.txt test2.txt
-test_expect_success "merge without conflict (missing LF at EOF)" \
-	"git merge-file test2.txt orig.txt new2.txt"
+test_expect_failure "merge without conflict (missing LF at EOF)" \
+	"git merge-file test2.txt orig.txt new4.txt"
 
-test_expect_success "merge result added missing LF" \
+test_expect_failure "merge result added missing LF" \
 	"test_cmp test.txt test2.txt"
 
+cp new4.txt test3.txt
+test_expect_success "merge without conflict (missing LF at EOF, away from change in the other file)" \
+	"git merge-file --quiet test3.txt new2.txt new3.txt"
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+EOF
+printf "propter nomen suum." >> expect.txt
+
+test_expect_success "merge does not add LF away of change" \
+	"test_cmp test3.txt expect.txt"
+
 cp test.txt backup.txt
 test_expect_success "merge with conflicts" \
 	"test_must_fail git merge-file test.txt orig.txt new3.txt"
@@ -107,6 +125,55 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success "expected conflict markers" "test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
 
 cp backup.txt test.txt
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+test_expect_success "merge conflicting with --ours" \
+	"git merge-file --ours test.txt orig.txt new3.txt && test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
+cp backup.txt test.txt
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+test_expect_success "merge conflicting with --theirs" \
+	"git merge-file --theirs test.txt orig.txt new3.txt && test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
+cp backup.txt test.txt
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit.
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+test_expect_success "merge conflicting with --union" \
+	"git merge-file --union test.txt orig.txt new3.txt && test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
+cp backup.txt test.txt
+
 test_expect_success "merge with conflicts, using -L" \
 	"test_must_fail git merge-file -L 1 -L 2 test.txt orig.txt new3.txt"
 
@@ -260,4 +327,36 @@ test_expect_success 'marker size' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+printf "line1\nline2\nline3" >nolf-orig.txt
+printf "line1\nline2\nline3x" >nolf-diff1.txt
+printf "line1\nline2\nline3y" >nolf-diff2.txt
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict at EOF without LF resolved by --ours' \
+	'git merge-file -p --ours nolf-diff1.txt nolf-orig.txt nolf-diff2.txt >output.txt &&
+	 printf "line1\nline2\nline3x" >expect.txt &&
+	 test_cmp expect.txt output.txt'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict at EOF without LF resolved by --theirs' \
+	'git merge-file -p --theirs nolf-diff1.txt nolf-orig.txt nolf-diff2.txt >output.txt &&
+	 printf "line1\nline2\nline3y" >expect.txt &&
+	 test_cmp expect.txt output.txt'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict at EOF without LF resolved by --union' \
+	'git merge-file -p --union nolf-diff1.txt nolf-orig.txt nolf-diff2.txt >output.txt &&
+	 printf "line1\nline2\nline3x\nline3y" >expect.txt &&
+	 test_cmp expect.txt output.txt'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict sections match existing line endings' '
+	printf "1\\r\\n2\\r\\n3" >crlf-orig.txt &&
+	printf "1\\r\\n2\\r\\n4" >crlf-diff1.txt &&
+	printf "1\\r\\n2\\r\\n5" >crlf-diff2.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c core.eol=crlf merge-file -p \
+		crlf-diff1.txt crlf-orig.txt crlf-diff2.txt >crlf.txt &&
+	test $(tr "\015" Q <crlf.txt | grep "^[<=>].*Q$" | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	test $(tr "\015" Q <crlf.txt | grep "[345]Q$" | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	test_must_fail git -c core.eol=crlf merge-file -p \
+		nolf-diff1.txt nolf-orig.txt nolf-diff2.txt >nolf.txt &&
+	test $(tr "\015" Q <nolf.txt | grep "^[<=>].*Q$" | wc -l) = 0
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh b/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
index 755d30ce2a..3f59e58dfb 100755
--- a/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ test_expect_success "result contains a conflict" "test_cmp expect a1"
 
 git ls-files --stage > out
 cat > expect << EOF
-100644 439cc46de773d8a83c77799b7cc9191c128bfcff 1	a1
+100644 ec3fe2a791706733f2d8fa7ad45d9a9672031f5e 1	a1
 100644 cf84443e49e1b366fac938711ddf4be2d4d1d9e9 2	a1
 100644 fd7923529855d0b274795ae3349c5e0438333979 3	a1
 EOF
diff --git a/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh b/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
index 5e439972be..ef0cbceafe 100755
--- a/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
+++ b/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	for f in text binary union
 	do
-		echo Initial >$f && git add $f || break
+		echo Initial >$f && git add $f || return 1
 	done &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m Initial &&
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git branch side &&
 	for f in text binary union
 	do
-		echo Master >>$f && git add $f || break
+		echo Master >>$f && git add $f || return 1
 	done &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m Master &&
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git checkout side &&
 	for f in text binary union
 	do
-		echo Side >>$f && git add $f || break
+		echo Side >>$f && git add $f || return 1
 	done &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m Side &&
@@ -85,11 +85,12 @@ test_expect_success 'retry the merge with longer context' '
 cat >./custom-merge <<\EOF
 #!/bin/sh
 
-orig="$1" ours="$2" theirs="$3" exit="$4"
+orig="$1" ours="$2" theirs="$3" exit="$4" path=$5
 (
 	echo "orig is $orig"
 	echo "ours is $ours"
 	echo "theirs is $theirs"
+	echo "path is $path"
 	echo "=== orig ==="
 	cat "$orig"
 	echo "=== ours ==="
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ test_expect_success 'custom merge backend' '
 
 	git reset --hard anchor &&
 	git config --replace-all \
-	merge.custom.driver "./custom-merge %O %A %B 0" &&
+	merge.custom.driver "./custom-merge %O %A %B 0 %P" &&
 	git config --replace-all \
 	merge.custom.name "custom merge driver for testing" &&
 
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ test_expect_success 'custom merge backend' '
 	o=$(git unpack-file master^:text) &&
 	a=$(git unpack-file side^:text) &&
 	b=$(git unpack-file master:text) &&
-	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0" &&
+	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0 'text'" &&
 	sed -e 1,3d $a >check-2 &&
 	cmp check-1 check-2 &&
 	rm -f $o $a $b
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ test_expect_success 'custom merge backend' '
 
 	git reset --hard anchor &&
 	git config --replace-all \
-	merge.custom.driver "./custom-merge %O %A %B 1" &&
+	merge.custom.driver "./custom-merge %O %A %B 1 %P" &&
 	git config --replace-all \
 	merge.custom.name "custom merge driver for testing" &&
 
@@ -148,9 +149,12 @@ test_expect_success 'custom merge backend' '
 	o=$(git unpack-file master^:text) &&
 	a=$(git unpack-file anchor:text) &&
 	b=$(git unpack-file master:text) &&
-	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0" &&
+	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0 'text'" &&
 	sed -e 1,3d $a >check-2 &&
 	cmp check-1 check-2 &&
+	sed -e 1,3d -e 4q $a >check-3 &&
+	echo "path is text" >expect &&
+	cmp expect check-3 &&
 	rm -f $o $a $b
 '
 
@@ -172,7 +176,8 @@ test_expect_success 'up-to-date merge without common ancestor' '
 	test_tick &&
 	(
 		cd repo1 &&
-		git pull ../repo2 master
+		git fetch ../repo2 master &&
+		git merge --allow-unrelated-histories FETCH_HEAD
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh b/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
index a91644e3b2..7763c1ba98 100755
--- a/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
+++ b/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m second &&
 	git tag c1 &&
-	git branch test
+	git branch test &&
+	echo third >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+	git tag c2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge -s recursive up-to-date' '
@@ -74,4 +79,14 @@ test_expect_success 'merge -s subtree up-to-date' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge fast-forward octopus' '
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge c1 c2 &&
+	expect=$(git rev-parse c2) &&
+	current=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test "$expect" = "$current"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh b/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
index 73fc240e85..3e692454a7 100755
--- a/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
+++ b/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 test_expect_success 'initial merge' '
 	git remote add -f gui ../git-gui &&
-	git merge -s ours --no-commit gui/master &&
+	git merge -s ours --no-commit --allow-unrelated-histories gui/master &&
 	git read-tree --prefix=git-gui/ -u gui/master &&
 	git commit -m "Merge git-gui as our subdirectory" &&
 	git checkout -b work &&
diff --git a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
index 691e4a4481..e74662ba5c 100755
--- a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
+++ b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
@@ -52,15 +52,8 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect starts with only one bad' '
 test_expect_success 'bisect does not start with only one good' '
 	git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start &&
-	git bisect good $HASH1 || return 1
-
-	if git bisect next
-	then
-		echo Oops, should have failed.
-		false
-	else
-		:
-	fi
+	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect next
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bisect start with one bad and good' '
@@ -164,7 +157,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect start: existing ".git/BISECT_START" not modified if
 	cp .git/BISECT_START saved &&
 	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH4 foo -- &&
 	git branch > branch.output &&
-	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch, bisect started on other)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
 	test_cmp saved .git/BISECT_START
 '
 test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if mistaken rev' '
@@ -190,35 +183,28 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if checkout error' '
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
 # but $HASH2 is bad,
 # so we should find $HASH2 as the first bad commit
-test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successfull result' '
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successful result' '
+	test_when_finished git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
 	git bisect skip &&
 	git bisect bad > my_bisect_log.txt &&
-	grep "$HASH2 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt &&
-	git bisect reset
+	grep "$HASH2 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt
 '
 
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3 and $HASH2
 # so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
 # among $HASH2, $HASH3 and $HASH4
 test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 3 commits' '
+	test_when_finished git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
-	git bisect skip || return 1
-
-	if git bisect skip > my_bisect_log.txt
-	then
-		echo Oops, should have failed.
-		false
-	else
-		test $? -eq 2 &&
-		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		git bisect reset
-	fi
+	git bisect skip &&
+	test_expect_code 2 git bisect skip >my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt
 '
 
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
@@ -226,22 +212,15 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 3 commits' '
 # so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
 # among $HASH3 and $HASH4
 test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 2 commits' '
+	test_when_finished git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
-	git bisect skip || return 1
-
-	if git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt
-	then
-		echo Oops, should have failed.
-		false
-	else
-		test $? -eq 2 &&
-		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		git bisect reset
-	fi
+	git bisect skip &&
+	test_expect_code 2 git bisect good >my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt
 '
 
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is both skipped and bad, we skip $HASH3
@@ -249,24 +228,18 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 2 commits' '
 # so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
 # among $HASH3 and $HASH4
 test_expect_success 'bisect skip: with commit both bad and skipped' '
+	test_when_finished git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start &&
 	git bisect skip &&
 	git bisect bad &&
 	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
 	git bisect skip &&
-	if git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt
-	then
-		echo Oops, should have failed.
-		false
-	else
-		test $? -eq 2 &&
-		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		git bisect reset
-	fi
+	test_expect_code 2 git bisect good >my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt
 '
 
 # We want to automatically find the commit that
@@ -389,7 +362,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect starting with a detached HEAD' '
 test_expect_success 'bisect errors out if bad and good are mistaken' '
 	git bisect reset &&
 	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH2 $HASH4 2> rev_list_error &&
-	grep "mistake good and bad" rev_list_error &&
+	grep "mistook good and bad" rev_list_error &&
 	git bisect reset
 '
 
@@ -480,7 +453,7 @@ test_expect_success 'many merge bases creation' '
 	git merge -m "merge HASH7 and SIDE_HASH7" "$HASH7" &&
 	B_HASH=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	git merge-base --all "$A_HASH" "$B_HASH" > merge_bases.txt &&
-	test $(wc -l < merge_bases.txt) = "2" &&
+	test_line_count = 2 merge_bases.txt &&
 	grep "$HASH5" merge_bases.txt &&
 	grep "$SIDE_HASH5" merge_bases.txt
 '
@@ -601,8 +574,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test bisection on bare repo - --no-checkout specified' '
 		git bisect bad $HASH4 &&
 		git bisect run eval \
 			"test \$(git rev-list BISECT_HEAD ^$HASH2 --max-count=1 | wc -l) = 0" \
-			>../nocheckout.log &&
-		git bisect reset
+			>../nocheckout.log
 	) &&
 	grep "$HASH3 is the first bad commit" nocheckout.log
 '
@@ -617,8 +589,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test bisection on bare repo - --no-checkout defaulted' '
 		git bisect bad $HASH4 &&
 		git bisect run eval \
 			"test \$(git rev-list BISECT_HEAD ^$HASH2 --max-count=1 | wc -l) = 0" \
-			>../defaulted.log &&
-		git bisect reset
+			>../defaulted.log
 	) &&
 	grep "$HASH3 is the first bad commit" defaulted.log
 '
@@ -642,14 +613,14 @@ test_expect_success 'broken branch creation' '
 	mkdir missing &&
 	:> missing/MISSING &&
 	git add missing/MISSING &&
-	git commit -m "6(broken): Added file that will be deleted"
+	git commit -m "6(broken): Added file that will be deleted" &&
 	git tag BROKEN_HASH6 &&
 	add_line_into_file "7(broken): second line on a broken branch" hello2 &&
 	git tag BROKEN_HASH7 &&
 	add_line_into_file "8(broken): third line on a broken branch" hello2 &&
 	git tag BROKEN_HASH8 &&
 	git rm missing/MISSING &&
-	git commit -m "9(broken): Remove missing file"
+	git commit -m "9(broken): Remove missing file" &&
 	git tag BROKEN_HASH9 &&
 	rm .git/objects/39/f7e61a724187ab767d2e08442d9b6b9dab587d
 '
@@ -676,9 +647,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect fails if tree is broken on trial commit' '
 check_same()
 {
 	echo "Checking $1 is the same as $2" &&
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expected.same &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > expected.actual &&
-	test_cmp expected.same expected.actual
+	test_cmp_rev "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'bisect: --no-checkout - start commit bad' '
@@ -743,4 +712,186 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect: demonstrate identification of damage boundary' "
 	git bisect reset
 "
 
+cat > expected.bisect-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# good: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect good 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: successfull result' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-log bisect-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+cat > expected.bisect-skip-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# skip: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect skip 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# only skipped commits left to test
+# possible first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# possible first bad commit: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: only skip commits left' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect skip &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-skip-log bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git bisect bad HEAD" behaves as "git bisect bad"' '
+	git checkout parallel &&
+	git bisect start HEAD $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect good HEAD &&
+	git bisect bad HEAD &&
+	test "$HASH6" = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect starts with only one new' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect new $HASH4 &&
+	git bisect next
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect does not start with only one old' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect old $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect next
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start with one new and old' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect old $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect new $HASH4 &&
+	git bisect new &&
+	git bisect new >bisect_result &&
+	grep "$HASH2 is the first new commit" bisect_result &&
+	git bisect log >log_to_replay.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect replay with old and new' '
+	git bisect replay log_to_replay.txt >bisect_result &&
+	grep "$HASH2 is the first new commit" bisect_result &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect cannot mix old/new and good/bad' '
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect bad $HASH4 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect old $HASH1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect terms needs 0 or 1 argument' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect terms only-one &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect terms 1 2 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect terms 2>actual &&
+	echo "no terms defined" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect terms shows good/bad after start' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start HEAD $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect terms --term-good >actual &&
+	echo good >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git bisect terms --term-bad >actual &&
+	echo bad >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start with one term1 and term2' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start --term-old term2 --term-new term1 &&
+	git bisect term2 $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect term1 $HASH4 &&
+	git bisect term1 &&
+	git bisect term1 >bisect_result &&
+	grep "$HASH2 is the first term1 commit" bisect_result &&
+	git bisect log >log_to_replay.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect replay with term1 and term2' '
+	git bisect replay log_to_replay.txt >bisect_result &&
+	grep "$HASH2 is the first term1 commit" bisect_result &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start term1 term2' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start --term-new term1 --term-old term2 $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect term1 &&
+	git bisect term1 >bisect_result &&
+	grep "$HASH2 is the first term1 commit" bisect_result &&
+	git bisect log >log_to_replay.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect cannot mix terms' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start --term-good term1 --term-bad term2 $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect a &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect b &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect bad &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect good &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect new &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect old
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect terms rejects invalid terms' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect start --term-good invalid..term &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect terms --term-bad invalid..term &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect terms --term-good bad &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect terms --term-good old &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect terms --term-good skip &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect terms --term-good reset &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/BISECT_TERMS
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start --term-* does store terms' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start --term-bad=one --term-good=two &&
+	git bisect terms >actual &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
+	Your current terms are two for the old state
+	and one for the new state.
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git bisect terms --term-bad >actual &&
+	echo one >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git bisect terms --term-good >actual &&
+	echo two >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start takes options and revs in any order' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start --term-good one $HASH4 \
+		--term-good two --term-bad bad-term \
+		$HASH1 --term-good three -- &&
+	(git bisect terms --term-bad && git bisect terms --term-good) >actual &&
+	printf "%s\n%s\n" bad-term three >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6031-merge-filemode.sh b/t/t6031-merge-filemode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7d06461f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6031-merge-filemode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge: handle file mode'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'set up mode change in one branch' '
+	: >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git checkout -b a1 master &&
+	: >dummy &&
+	git add dummy &&
+	git commit -m a &&
+	git checkout -b b1 master &&
+	test_chmod +x file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m b1
+'
+
+do_one_mode () {
+	strategy=$1
+	us=$2
+	them=$3
+	test_expect_success "resolve single mode change ($strategy, $us)" '
+		git checkout -f $us &&
+		git merge -s $strategy $them &&
+		git ls-files -s file1 | grep ^100755
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success FILEMODE "verify executable bit on file ($strategy, $us)" '
+		test -x file1
+	'
+}
+
+do_one_mode recursive a1 b1
+do_one_mode recursive b1 a1
+do_one_mode resolve a1 b1
+do_one_mode resolve b1 a1
+
+test_expect_success 'set up mode change in both branches' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	git checkout -b a2 master &&
+	: >file2 &&
+	H=$(git hash-object file2) &&
+	test_chmod +x file2 &&
+	git commit -m a2 &&
+	git checkout -b b2 master &&
+	: >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m b2 &&
+	{
+		echo "100755 $H 2	file2"
+		echo "100644 $H 3	file2"
+	} >expect
+'
+
+do_both_modes () {
+	strategy=$1
+	test_expect_success "detect conflict on double mode change ($strategy)" '
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -f a2 &&
+		test_must_fail git merge -s $strategy b2 &&
+		git ls-files -u >actual &&
+		test_cmp actual expect &&
+		git ls-files -s file2 | grep ^100755
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success FILEMODE "verify executable bit on file ($strategy)" '
+		test -x file2
+	'
+}
+
+# both sides are equivalent, so no need to run both ways
+do_both_modes recursive
+do_both_modes resolve
+
+test_expect_success 'set up delete/modechange scenario' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b deletion master &&
+	git rm file1 &&
+	git commit -m deletion
+'
+
+do_delete_modechange () {
+	strategy=$1
+	us=$2
+	them=$3
+	test_expect_success "detect delete/modechange conflict ($strategy, $us)" '
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout $us &&
+		test_must_fail git merge -s $strategy $them
+	'
+}
+
+do_delete_modechange recursive b1 deletion
+do_delete_modechange recursive deletion b1
+do_delete_modechange resolve b1 deletion
+do_delete_modechange resolve deletion b1
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 1cd649e245..0000000000
--- a/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='merge-recursive: handle file mode'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'mode change in one branch: keep changed version' '
-	: >file1 &&
-	git add file1 &&
-	git commit -m initial &&
-	git checkout -b a1 master &&
-	: >dummy &&
-	git add dummy &&
-	git commit -m a &&
-	git checkout -b b1 master &&
-	test_chmod +x file1 &&
-	git commit -m b1 &&
-	git checkout a1 &&
-	git merge-recursive master -- a1 b1 &&
-	git ls-files -s file1 | grep ^100755
-'
-
-test_expect_success FILEMODE 'verify executable bit on file' '
-	test -x file1
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'mode change in both branches: expect conflict' '
-	git reset --hard HEAD &&
-	git checkout -b a2 master &&
-	: >file2 &&
-	H=$(git hash-object file2) &&
-	test_chmod +x file2 &&
-	git commit -m a2 &&
-	git checkout -b b2 master &&
-	: >file2 &&
-	git add file2 &&
-	git commit -m b2 &&
-	git checkout a2 &&
-	(
-		git merge-recursive master -- a2 b2
-		test $? = 1
-	) &&
-	git ls-files -u >actual &&
-	(
-		echo "100755 $H 2	file2"
-		echo "100644 $H 3	file2"
-	) >expect &&
-	test_cmp actual expect &&
-	git ls-files -s file2 | grep ^100755
-'
-
-test_expect_success FILEMODE 'verify executable bit on file' '
-	test -x file2
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'merging with triple rename across D/F conflict' '
-	git reset --hard HEAD &&
-	git checkout -b main &&
-	git rm -rf . &&
-
-	echo "just a file" >sub1 &&
-	mkdir -p sub2 &&
-	echo content1 >sub2/file1 &&
-	echo content2 >sub2/file2 &&
-	echo content3 >sub2/file3 &&
-	mkdir simple &&
-	echo base >simple/bar &&
-	git add -A &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m base &&
-
-	git checkout -b other &&
-	echo more >>simple/bar &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -a -m changesimplefile &&
-
-	git checkout main &&
-	git rm sub1 &&
-	git mv sub2 sub1 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m changefiletodir &&
-
-	test_tick &&
-	git merge other
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh b/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
index fdb6c25371..80777386dc 100755
--- a/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
 
 make_text() {
 	echo $1: $2
-	for i in `count 20`; do
+	for i in $(count 20); do
 		echo $1: $i
 	done
 	echo $1: $3
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ make_text() {
 
 test_rename() {
 	test_expect_success "rename ($1, $2)" '
-	n='$1'
-	expect='$2'
+	n='$1' &&
+	expect='$2' &&
 	git checkout -f master &&
-	git branch -D test$n || true &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D test$n &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	for i in $(count $n); do
 		make_text $i initial initial >$i
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ test_expect_success 'setup large simple rename' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'massive simple rename does not spam added files' '
-	unset GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY &&
+	sane_unset GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY &&
 	git merge --no-stat simple-rename | grep -v Removing >output &&
-	test 5 -gt "$(wc -l < output)"
+	test_line_count -lt 5 output
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh b/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
index 65be95fbaa..89871aa5b0 100755
--- a/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
+++ b/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
@@ -73,33 +73,12 @@ test_expect_success 'merge white into red (A->B,M->N)' \
 '
 	git checkout -b red-white red &&
 	git merge white &&
-	git write-tree >/dev/null || {
-		echo "BAD: merge did not complete"
-		return 1
-	}
-
-	test -f B || {
-		echo "BAD: B does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f N || {
-		echo "BAD: N does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f R || {
-		echo "BAD: R does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-
-	test -f A && {
-		echo "BAD: A still exists in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f M && {
-		echo "BAD: M still exists in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	return 0
+	git write-tree &&
+	test_path_is_file B &&
+	test_path_is_file N &&
+	test_path_is_file R &&
+	test_path_is_missing A &&
+	test_path_is_missing M
 '
 
 # This test broke in 8371234ecaaf6e14fe3f2082a855eff1bbd79ae9
@@ -108,32 +87,13 @@ test_expect_success 'merge blue into white (A->B, mod A, A untracked)' \
 	git checkout -b white-blue white &&
 	echo dirty >A &&
 	git merge blue &&
-	git write-tree >/dev/null || {
-		echo "BAD: merge did not complete"
-		return 1
-	}
-
-	test -f A || {
-		echo "BAD: A does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test `cat A` = dirty || {
-		echo "BAD: A content is wrong"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f B || {
-		echo "BAD: B does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f N || {
-		echo "BAD: N does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f M && {
-		echo "BAD: M still exists in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	return 0
+	git write-tree &&
+	test_path_is_file A &&
+	echo dirty >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect A &&
+	test_path_is_file B &&
+	test_path_is_file N &&
+	test_path_is_missing M
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
index 2599ae50eb..9324ea4416 100755
--- a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 test_description='merging when a directory was replaced with a symlink'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
 	mkdir -p a/b/c a/b-2/c &&
 	> a/b/c/d &&
 	> a/b-2/c/d &&
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink'
 	git commit -m base &&
 	git tag start &&
 	rm -rf a/b &&
-	ln -s b-2 a/b &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add b-2 a/b &&
 	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
 	test_must_fail git checkout start^0
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
+test_expect_success 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	 git checkout start^0 &&
 	 test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup for merge test' '
+test_expect_success 'setup for merge test' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d &&
 	echo x > a/x &&
@@ -50,39 +50,51 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup for merge test' '
 	git tag baseline
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve master &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive master &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	>a/b/c/e &&
@@ -91,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	>a/b/c/e &&
@@ -100,52 +112,61 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose modifications in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose modifications in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	echo more content >>a/b/c/d &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose modifications in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose modifications in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	echo more content >>a/b/c/d &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout start^0 &&
 	rm -rf a/b-2 &&
-	ln -s b a/b-2 &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add b a/b-2 &&
 	git commit -m "dir a/b-2 to symlink" &&
 	git tag test2
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve test2 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive test2 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have F/D conflicts (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have F/D conflicts (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b foo test2 &&
 	git merge -s recursive baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
index dfee7d159b..18aa88b5c0 100755
--- a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup criss-cross + rename merges with basic modification'
 	rm -rf .git &&
 	git init &&
 
-	ten="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"
+	ten="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9" &&
 	for i in $ten
 	do
 		echo line $i in a sample file
@@ -195,12 +195,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git detects differently handled merges conflict' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout D^0 &&
 
-	git merge -s recursive E^0 && {
-		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
-		test "Incorrectly merged content" = "$(cat new_a)" &&
-			echo "BAD: Silently accepted wrong content"
-		return 1
-	}
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive E^0 &&
 
 	test 3 = $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
 	test 3 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
@@ -217,7 +212,8 @@ test_expect_success 'git detects differently handled merges conflict' '
 		-L "" \
 		-L "Temporary merge branch 1" \
 		merged empty merge-me &&
-	test $(git rev-parse :1:new_a) = $(git hash-object merged)
+	sed -e "s/^\([<=>]\)/\1\1\1/" merged >merged-internal &&
+	test $(git rev-parse :1:new_a) = $(git hash-object merged-internal)
 '
 
 #
@@ -304,91 +300,8 @@ test_expect_success 'git detects conflict merging criss-cross+modify/delete, rev
 '
 
 #
-# criss-cross + modify/modify with very contrived file contents:
-#
-#      B   D
-#      o---o
-#     / \ / \
-#  A o   X   ? F
-#     \ / \ /
-#      o---o
-#      C   E
-#
-#   Commit A: file with contents 'A\n'
-#   Commit B: file with contents 'B\n'
-#   Commit C: file with contents 'C\n'
-#   Commit D: file with contents 'D\n'
-#   Commit E: file with contents:
-#      <<<<<<< Temporary merge branch 1
-#      C
-#      =======
-#      B
-#      >>>>>>> Temporary merge branch 2
-#
-# Now, when we merge commits D & E, does git detect the conflict?
-
-test_expect_success 'setup differently handled merges of content conflict' '
-	git clean -fdqx &&
-	rm -rf .git &&
-	git init &&
-
-	echo A >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m A &&
-
-	git branch B &&
-	git checkout -b C &&
-	echo C >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m C &&
-
-	git checkout B &&
-	echo B >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m B &&
-
-	git checkout B^0 &&
-	test_must_fail git merge C &&
-	echo D >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m D &&
-	git tag D &&
-
-	git checkout C^0 &&
-	test_must_fail git merge B &&
-	cat <<EOF >file &&
-<<<<<<< Temporary merge branch 1
-C
-=======
-B
->>>>>>> Temporary merge branch 2
-EOF
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m E &&
-	git tag E
-'
-
-test_expect_failure 'git detects conflict w/ criss-cross+contrived resolution' '
-	git checkout D^0 &&
-
-	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive E^0 &&
-
-	test 3 -eq $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
-	test 3 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
-	test 0 -eq $(git ls-files -o | wc -l) &&
-
-	test $(git rev-parse :2:file) = $(git rev-parse D:file) &&
-	test $(git rev-parse :3:file) = $(git rev-parse E:file)
-'
-
-#
 # criss-cross + d/f conflict via add/add:
-#   Commit A: Neither file 'a' nor directory 'a/' exist.
+#   Commit A: Neither file 'a' nor directory 'a/' exists.
 #   Commit B: Introduce 'a'
 #   Commit C: Introduce 'a/file'
 #   Commit D: Merge B & C, keeping 'a' and deleting 'a/'
@@ -533,7 +446,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge of E2 & D fails but has appropriate contents' '
 
 	test $(git rev-parse :3:a) = $(git rev-parse B:a) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse :2:a/file) = $(git rev-parse E2:a/file) &&
-	test $(git rev-parse :1:a/file) = $(git rev-parse C:a/file)
+	test $(git rev-parse :1:a/file) = $(git rev-parse C:a/file) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse :0:ignore-me) = $(git rev-parse A:ignore-me) &&
 
 	test -f a~D^0
diff --git a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
index 2cf42c73f1..3889eca4ae 100755
--- a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
+++ b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
@@ -53,7 +53,19 @@ test_expect_success 'recursive favouring ours' '
 	! grep 1 file
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pull with -X' '
+test_expect_success 'binary file with -Xours/-Xtheirs' '
+	echo file binary >.gitattributes &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git merge -s recursive -X theirs side &&
+	git diff --exit-code side HEAD -- file &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git merge -s recursive -X ours side &&
+	git diff --exit-code master HEAD -- file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull passes -X to underlying merge' '
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xours . side &&
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -X ours . side &&
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xtheirs . side &&
diff --git a/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh b/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
index d9c2d386dd..85c10b0940 100755
--- a/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
+++ b/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ test_expect_success 'Merge after setting text=auto' '
 	same line
 	EOF
 
+	if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF; then
+		append_cr <expected >expected.temp &&
+		mv expected.temp expected
+	fi &&
 	git config merge.renormalize true &&
 	git rm -fr . &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
@@ -86,6 +90,10 @@ test_expect_success 'Merge addition of text=auto' '
 	same line
 	EOF
 
+	if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF; then
+		append_cr <expected >expected.temp &&
+		mv expected.temp expected
+	fi &&
 	git config merge.renormalize true &&
 	git rm -fr . &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
@@ -95,16 +103,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Merge addition of text=auto' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Detect CRLF/LF conflict after setting text=auto' '
-	q_to_cr <<-\EOF >expected &&
-	<<<<<<<
-	first line
-	same line
-	=======
-	first lineQ
-	same lineQ
-	>>>>>>>
-	EOF
-
+	echo "<<<<<<<" >expected &&
+	if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF; then
+		echo first line | append_cr >>expected &&
+		echo same line | append_cr >>expected &&
+		echo ======= | append_cr >>expected
+	else
+		echo first line >>expected &&
+		echo same line >>expected &&
+		echo ======= >>expected
+	fi &&
+	echo first line | append_cr >>expected &&
+	echo same line | append_cr >>expected &&
+	echo ">>>>>>>" >>expected &&
 	git config merge.renormalize false &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
 	git reset --hard a &&
@@ -114,16 +125,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Detect CRLF/LF conflict after setting text=auto' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Detect LF/CRLF conflict from addition of text=auto' '
-	q_to_cr <<-\EOF >expected &&
-	<<<<<<<
-	first lineQ
-	same lineQ
-	=======
-	first line
-	same line
-	>>>>>>>
-	EOF
-
+	echo "<<<<<<<" >expected &&
+	echo first line | append_cr >>expected &&
+	echo same line | append_cr >>expected &&
+	if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF; then
+		echo ======= | append_cr >>expected &&
+		echo first line | append_cr >>expected &&
+		echo same line | append_cr >>expected
+	else
+		echo ======= >>expected &&
+		echo first line >>expected &&
+		echo same line >>expected
+	fi &&
+	echo ">>>>>>>" >>expected &&
 	git config merge.renormalize false &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
 	git reset --hard b &&
diff --git a/t/t6039-merge-ignorecase.sh b/t/t6039-merge-ignorecase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..531850d834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6039-merge-ignorecase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-merge with case-changing rename on case-insensitive file system'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
+	skip_all='skipping case insensitive tests - case sensitive file system'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'merge with case-changing rename' '
+	test $(git config core.ignorecase) = true &&
+	>TestCase &&
+	git add TestCase &&
+	git commit -m "add TestCase" &&
+	git tag baseline &&
+	git checkout -b with-camel &&
+	>foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "intervening commit" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git rm TestCase &&
+	>testcase &&
+	git add testcase &&
+	git commit -m "rename to testcase" &&
+	git checkout with-camel &&
+	git merge master -m "merge" &&
+	test_path_is_file testcase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge with case-changing rename on both sides' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard baseline &&
+	git branch -D with-camel &&
+	git checkout -b with-camel &&
+	git mv TestCase testcase &&
+	git commit -m "recase on branch" &&
+	>foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "intervening commit" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git rm TestCase &&
+	>testcase &&
+	git add testcase &&
+	git commit -m "rename to testcase" &&
+	git checkout with-camel &&
+	git merge master -m "merge" &&
+	test_path_is_file testcase
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
index 19272bc551..3d5c238c81 100755
--- a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
+++ b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ advance () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	for i in a b c;
-	do
-		advance $i || break
-	done &&
+	advance a &&
+	advance b &&
+	advance c &&
 	git clone . test &&
 	(
 		cd test &&
@@ -28,18 +27,25 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 		git checkout -b b4 origin &&
 		advance e &&
-		advance f
+		advance f &&
+		git checkout -b brokenbase origin &&
+		git checkout -b b5 --track brokenbase &&
+		advance g &&
+		git branch -d brokenbase &&
+		git checkout -b b6 origin
 	) &&
 	git checkout -b follower --track master &&
-	advance g
+	advance h
 '
 
-script='s/^..\(b.\)[	 0-9a-f]*\[\([^]]*\)\].*/\1 \2/p'
+script='s/^..\(b.\) *[0-9a-f]* \(.*\)$/\1 \2/p'
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-b1 ahead 1, behind 1
-b2 ahead 1, behind 1
-b3 behind 1
-b4 ahead 2
+b1 [ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b2 [ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b3 [behind 1] b
+b4 [ahead 2] f
+b5 g
+b6 c
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -v' '
@@ -52,10 +58,12 @@ test_expect_success 'branch -v' '
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-b1 origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1
-b2 origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1
-b3 origin/master: behind 1
-b4 origin/master: ahead 2
+b1 [origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b2 [origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b3 [origin/master: behind 1] b
+b4 [origin/master: ahead 2] f
+b5 [brokenbase: gone] g
+b6 [origin/master] c
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -vv' '
@@ -67,34 +75,108 @@ test_expect_success 'branch -vv' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'checkout' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout (diverged from upstream)' '
 	(
 		cd test && git checkout b1
 	) >actual &&
-	grep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout with local tracked branch' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git checkout follower >actual &&
-	grep "is ahead of" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "is ahead of" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'status' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "is based on .*, but the upstream is gone." actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test && git checkout b6
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Your branch is up-to-date with .origin/master" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (diverged from upstream)' '
 	(
 		cd test &&
 		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
 		# reports nothing to commit
 		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
 	) >actual &&
-	grep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "is based on .*, but the upstream is gone." actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b6 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Your branch is up-to-date with .origin/master" actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b1...origin/master [ahead 1, behind 1]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (diverged from upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b5...brokenbase [gone]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b6...origin/master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b6 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fail to track lightweight tags' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git tag light &&
 	test_must_fail git branch --track lighttrack light >actual &&
-	test_must_fail grep "set up to track" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "set up to track" actual &&
 	test_must_fail git checkout lighttrack
 '
 
@@ -102,7 +184,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fail to track annotated tags' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git tag -m heavy heavy &&
 	test_must_fail git branch --track heavytrack heavy >actual &&
-	test_must_fail grep "set up to track" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "set up to track" actual &&
 	test_must_fail git checkout heavytrack
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6041-bisect-submodule.sh b/t/t6041-bisect-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..62b8a2e7bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6041-bisect-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='bisect can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+git_bisect () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	tar cf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tmp.tar" * &&
+	GOOD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git checkout "$1" &&
+	echo "foo" >bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git commit -m "bisect bad" &&
+	BAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^^ &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect good $GOOD &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	tar xf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tmp.tar" &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git bisect bad $BAD
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "git_bisect"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
index 32591f9413..411550d2b6 100755
--- a/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'conflict caused if rename not detected' '
 	test 0 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
 	test 0 -eq $(git ls-files -o | wc -l) &&
 
-	test 6 -eq $(wc -l < c) &&
+	test_line_count = 6 c &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD:a) = $(git rev-parse B:a) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD:b) = $(git rev-parse A:b)
 '
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ test_expect_success 'handle rename/rename (2to1) conflict correctly' '
 	git checkout B^0 &&
 
 	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive C^0 >out &&
-	grep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
 
 	test 2 -eq $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
 	test 2 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
diff --git a/t/t6044-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh b/t/t6044-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..01023486c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6044-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="merges with unrelated index changes"
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Testcase for some simple merges
+#   A
+#   o-----o B
+#    \
+#     \---o C
+#      \
+#       \-o D
+#        \
+#         o E
+#   Commit A: some file a
+#   Commit B: adds file b, modifies end of a
+#   Commit C: adds file c
+#   Commit D: adds file d, modifies beginning of a
+#   Commit E: renames a->subdir/a, adds subdir/e
+
+test_expect_success 'setup trivial merges' '
+	test_seq 1 10 >a &&
+	git add a &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m A &&
+
+	git branch A &&
+	git branch B &&
+	git branch C &&
+	git branch D &&
+	git branch E &&
+
+	git checkout B &&
+	echo b >b &&
+	echo 11 >>a &&
+	git add a b &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m B &&
+
+	git checkout C &&
+	echo c >c &&
+	git add c &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m C &&
+
+	git checkout D &&
+	test_seq 2 10 >a &&
+	echo d >d &&
+	git add a d &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m D &&
+
+	git checkout E &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	git mv a subdir/a &&
+	echo e >subdir/e &&
+	git add subdir &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m E
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ff update' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout A^0 &&
+
+	touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+	git merge E^0 &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD:random_file &&
+	test "$(git diff --name-only --cached E)" = "random_file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ff update, important file modified' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout A^0 &&
+
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	touch subdir/e &&
+	git add subdir/e &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge E^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve, trivial' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+
+	touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve C^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve, non-trivial' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+
+	touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve D^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+
+	touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive C^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'octopus, unrelated file touched' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+
+	touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge C^0 D^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'octopus, related file removed' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+
+	git rm b &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge C^0 D^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'octopus, related file modified' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+
+	echo 12 >>a && git add a &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge C^0 D^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ours' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+
+	touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge -s ours C^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subtree' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+
+	touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge -s subtree E^0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6050-replace.sh b/t/t6050-replace.sh
index 5c87f28e4e..c630aba657 100755
--- a/t/t6050-replace.sh
+++ b/t/t6050-replace.sh
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ test_description='Tests replace refs functionality'
 exec </dev/null
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
 
-add_and_commit_file()
+add_and_commit_file ()
 {
     _file="$1"
     _msg="$2"
@@ -18,6 +19,38 @@ add_and_commit_file()
     git commit --quiet -m "$_file: $_msg"
 }
 
+commit_buffer_contains_parents ()
+{
+    git cat-file commit "$1" >payload &&
+    sed -n -e '/^$/q' -e '/^parent /p' <payload >actual &&
+    shift &&
+    for _parent
+    do
+	echo "parent $_parent"
+    done >expected &&
+    test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+commit_peeling_shows_parents ()
+{
+    _parent_number=1
+    _commit="$1"
+    shift &&
+    for _parent
+    do
+	_found=$(git rev-parse --verify $_commit^$_parent_number) || return 1
+	test "$_found" = "$_parent" || return 1
+	_parent_number=$(( $_parent_number + 1 ))
+    done &&
+    test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify $_commit^$_parent_number
+}
+
+commit_has_parents ()
+{
+    commit_buffer_contains_parents "$@" &&
+    commit_peeling_shows_parents "$@"
+}
+
 HASH1=
 HASH2=
 HASH3=
@@ -27,36 +60,36 @@ HASH6=
 HASH7=
 
 test_expect_success 'set up buggy branch' '
-     echo "line 1" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 2" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 3" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 4" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 1" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 2" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 3" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 4" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "4 lines" &&
      HASH1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line BUG" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 6" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 7" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 8" >> hello &&
+     echo "line BUG" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 6" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 7" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 8" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "4 more lines with a BUG" &&
      HASH2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line 9" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 10" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 9" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 10" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "2 more lines" &&
      HASH3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line 11" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 11" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "1 more line" &&
      HASH4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     sed -e "s/BUG/5/" hello > hello.new &&
+     sed -e "s/BUG/5/" hello >hello.new &&
      mv hello.new hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "BUG fixed" &&
      HASH5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line 12" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 13" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 12" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 13" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "2 more lines" &&
      HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line 14" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 15" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 16" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 14" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 15" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 16" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "again 3 more lines" &&
      HASH7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 '
@@ -95,7 +128,7 @@ test_expect_success 'tag replaced commit' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git fsck" works' '
-     git fsck master > fsck_master.out &&
+     git fsck master >fsck_master.out &&
      grep "dangling commit $R" fsck_master.out &&
      grep "dangling tag $(cat .git/refs/tags/mytag)" fsck_master.out &&
      test -z "$(git fsck)"
@@ -122,9 +155,9 @@ test_expect_success '"git replace" listing and deleting' '
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l)" &&
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)" &&
      aa=${HASH2%??????????????????????????????????????} &&
-     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l "$aa*")" &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace --list "$aa*")" &&
      test_must_fail git replace -d $R &&
-     test_must_fail git replace -d &&
+     test_must_fail git replace --delete &&
      test_must_fail git replace -l -d $HASH2 &&
      git replace -d $HASH2 &&
      git show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor" &&
@@ -140,6 +173,17 @@ test_expect_success '"git replace" replacing' '
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git replace" resolves sha1' '
+     SHORTHASH2=$(git rev-parse --short=8 $HASH2) &&
+     git replace -d $SHORTHASH2 &&
+     git replace $SHORTHASH2 $R &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     test_must_fail git replace $HASH2 $R &&
+     git replace -f $HASH2 $R &&
+     test_must_fail git replace --force &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
+'
+
 # This creates a side branch where the bug in H2
 # does not appear because P2 is created by applying
 # H2 and squashing H5 into it.
@@ -206,14 +250,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch branch with replacement' '
      (
 	  cd clone_dir &&
 	  git fetch origin refs/heads/tofetch:refs/heads/parallel3 &&
-	  git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 > output.txt &&
+	  git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 >output.txt &&
 	  ! grep $PARA3 output.txt &&
-	  git show $PARA3 > para3.txt &&
+	  git show $PARA3 >para3.txt &&
 	  grep "A U Thor" para3.txt &&
 	  git fetch origin "refs/replace/*:refs/replace/*" &&
-	  git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 > output.txt &&
+	  git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 >output.txt &&
 	  grep $PARA3 output.txt &&
-	  git show $PARA3 > para3.txt &&
+	  git show $PARA3 >para3.txt &&
 	  grep "O Thor" para3.txt
      )
 '
@@ -252,4 +296,152 @@ test_expect_success 'not just commits' '
 	test_cmp file.replaced file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'replaced and replacement objects must be of the same type' '
+	test_must_fail git replace mytag $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git replace HEAD^{tree} HEAD~1 &&
+	BLOB=$(git rev-parse :file) &&
+	test_must_fail git replace HEAD^ $BLOB
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-f option bypasses the type check' '
+	git replace -f mytag $HASH1 &&
+	git replace --force HEAD^{tree} HEAD~1 &&
+	git replace -f HEAD^ $BLOB
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch works on replace objects' '
+	git replace | grep $PARA3 &&
+	echo $PARA3 | git cat-file --batch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --format bogus' '
+	test_must_fail git replace --format bogus >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --format short' '
+	git replace --format=short >actual &&
+	git replace >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --format medium' '
+	H1=$(git --no-replace-objects rev-parse HEAD~1) &&
+	HT=$(git --no-replace-objects rev-parse HEAD^{tree}) &&
+	MYTAG=$(git --no-replace-objects rev-parse mytag) &&
+	{
+		echo "$H1 -> $BLOB" &&
+		echo "$BLOB -> $REPLACED" &&
+		echo "$HT -> $H1" &&
+		echo "$PARA3 -> $S" &&
+		echo "$MYTAG -> $HASH1"
+	} | sort >expected &&
+	git replace -l --format medium | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --format long' '
+	{
+		echo "$H1 (commit) -> $BLOB (blob)" &&
+		echo "$BLOB (blob) -> $REPLACED (blob)" &&
+		echo "$HT (tree) -> $H1 (commit)" &&
+		echo "$PARA3 (commit) -> $S (commit)" &&
+		echo "$MYTAG (tag) -> $HASH1 (commit)"
+	} | sort >expected &&
+	git replace --format=long | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editors' '
+	write_script fakeeditor <<-\EOF &&
+		sed -e "s/A U Thor/A fake Thor/" "$1" >"$1.new"
+		mv "$1.new" "$1"
+	EOF
+	write_script failingfakeeditor <<-\EOF
+		./fakeeditor "$@"
+		false
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--edit with and without already replaced object' '
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git replace --force --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	git replace -l | grep "$PARA3" &&
+	git cat-file commit "$PARA3" | grep "A fake Thor" &&
+	git replace -d "$PARA3" &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	git replace -l | grep "$PARA3" &&
+	git cat-file commit "$PARA3" | grep "A fake Thor"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--edit and change nothing or command failed' '
+	git replace -d "$PARA3" &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR=true git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR="./failingfakeeditor" git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	git replace -l | grep "$PARA3" &&
+	git cat-file commit "$PARA3" | grep "A fake Thor"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace ref cleanup' '
+	test -n "$(git replace)" &&
+	git replace -d $(git replace) &&
+	test -z "$(git replace)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--graft with and without already replaced object' '
+	test $(git log --oneline | wc -l) = 7 &&
+	git replace --graft $HASH5 &&
+	test $(git log --oneline | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	commit_has_parents $HASH5 &&
+	test_must_fail git replace --graft $HASH5 $HASH4 $HASH3 &&
+	git replace --force -g $HASH5 $HASH4 $HASH3 &&
+	commit_has_parents $HASH5 $HASH4 $HASH3 &&
+	git replace -d $HASH5
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'set up a signed commit' '
+	echo "line 17" >>hello &&
+	echo "line 18" >>hello &&
+	git add hello &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --quiet -S -m "hello: 2 more lines in a signed commit" &&
+	HASH8=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git verify-commit $HASH8
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG '--graft with a signed commit' '
+	git cat-file commit $HASH8 >orig &&
+	git replace --graft $HASH8 &&
+	git cat-file commit $HASH8 >repl &&
+	commit_has_parents $HASH8 &&
+	test_must_fail git verify-commit $HASH8 &&
+	sed -n -e "/^tree /p" -e "/^author /p" -e "/^committer /p" orig >expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	sed -e "/^$/q" repl >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git replace -d $HASH8
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'set up a merge commit with a mergetag' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	git checkout -b test_branch HEAD~2 &&
+	echo "line 1 from test branch" >>hello &&
+	echo "line 2 from test branch" >>hello &&
+	git add hello &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "hello: 2 more lines from a test branch" &&
+	HASH9=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git tag -s -m "tag for testing with a mergetag" test_tag HEAD &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge -s ours test_tag &&
+	HASH10=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git cat-file commit $HASH10 | grep "^mergetag object"
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG '--graft on a commit with a mergetag' '
+	test_must_fail git replace --graft $HASH10 $HASH8^1 &&
+	git replace --graft $HASH10 $HASH8^1 $HASH9 &&
+	git replace -d $HASH10
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
index e673c25e94..1c6952d049 100755
--- a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
+++ b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
@@ -6,39 +6,100 @@
 test_description='Test git rev-parse with different parent options'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-t6000.sh # t6xxx specific functions
-
-date >path0
-git update-index --add path0
-save_tag tree git write-tree
-hide_error save_tag start unique_commit "start" tree
-save_tag second unique_commit "second" tree -p start
-hide_error save_tag start2 unique_commit "start2" tree
-save_tag two_parents unique_commit "next" tree -p second -p start2
-save_tag final unique_commit "final" tree -p two_parents
-
-test_expect_success 'start is valid' 'git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"'
-test_expect_success 'start^0' "test $(cat .git/refs/tags/start) = $(git rev-parse start^0)"
-test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify start^1; then false; else :; fi"
-test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' "test $(git rev-parse second^1) = $(git rev-parse second^)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse start) = $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1) = $(git rev-parse final^^^)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^2' "test $(git rev-parse start2) = $(git rev-parse final^1^2)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify final^1^3; then false; else :; fi"
-test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' 'test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1'
-test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' 'git rev-parse --verify start2^0'
-test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^@)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2)\""
-test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^\!)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2)\""
-
-test_expect_success 'repack for next test' 'git repack -a -d'
+
+test_cmp_rev_output () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect &&
+	eval "$2" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit start &&
+	test_commit second &&
+	git checkout --orphan tmp &&
+	test_commit start2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge -m next --allow-unrelated-histories start2 &&
+	test_commit final &&
+
+	test_seq 40 |
+	while read i
+	do
+		git checkout --orphan "b$i" &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "$i" &&
+		commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+		printf "$commit " >>.git/info/grafts
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start is valid' '
+	git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start^0' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output tags/start "git rev-parse start^0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start^1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output second^ "git rev-parse second^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output start "git rev-parse final^1^1^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output final^^^ "git rev-parse final^1^1^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output start2 "git rev-parse final^1^2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' '
+	test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify final^1^3
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' '
+	git rev-parse --verify start2^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' '
+	git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse final^1^@ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' '
+	git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse final^1^! >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'large graft octopus' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output b31 "git rev-parse --verify b1^30"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack for next test' '
+	git repack -a -d
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 works' '
-	start=`git rev-parse --verify start` &&
-	echo $start &&
-	abbrv=`echo $start | sed s/.\$//` &&
-	echo $abbrv &&
-	abbrv=`git rev-parse --verify $abbrv` &&
-	echo $abbrv &&
-	test $start = $abbrv'
+	start=$(git rev-parse --verify start) &&
+	test_cmp_rev_output start "git rev-parse ${start%?}"
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh b/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..32474c23d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+#        ,---E--.   *H----------.             * marks !TREESAME parent paths
+#       /        \ /             \*
+# *A--*B---D--*F-*G---------K-*L-*M
+#   \     /*       \       /
+#    `-C-'          `-*I-*J
+#
+# A creates "file", B and F change it.
+# Odd merge G takes the old version from B.
+# I changes it, but J reverts it, so K is TREESAME to both parents.
+# H and L both change "file", and M merges those changes.
+
+test_description='TREESAME and limiting'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+note () {
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+unnote () {
+	git name-rev --tags --stdin | sed -e "s|$_x40 (tags/\([^)]*\))\([ 	]\)|\1\2|g"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit "Initial file" file "Hi there" A &&
+	git branch other-branch &&
+
+	test_commit "file=Hello" file "Hello" B &&
+	git branch third-branch &&
+
+	git checkout other-branch &&
+	test_commit "Added other" other "Hello" C &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_merge D other-branch &&
+
+	git checkout third-branch &&
+	test_commit "Third file" third "Nothing" E &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit "file=Blah" file "Blah" F &&
+
+	test_tick && git merge --no-commit third-branch &&
+	git checkout third-branch file &&
+	git commit &&
+	note G &&
+	git branch fiddler-branch &&
+
+	git checkout -b part2-branch &&
+	test_commit "file=Part 2" file "Part 2" H &&
+
+	git checkout fiddler-branch &&
+	test_commit "Bad commit" file "Silly" I &&
+
+	test_tick && git revert I && note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge --no-ff fiddler-branch &&
+	note K &&
+
+	test_commit "file=Part 1" file "Part 1" L &&
+
+	test_tick && test_must_fail git merge part2-branch &&
+	test_commit M file "Parts 1+2"
+'
+
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
+
+	case "$1" in
+	*"("*)
+		FMT="%P	%H | %s"
+		munge_actual="
+			s/^\([^	]*\)	\([^ ]*\) .*/(\1)\2/
+			s/ //g
+			s/()//
+		"
+		;;
+	*)
+		FMT="%H | %s"
+		munge_actual="s/^\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/"
+		;;
+	esac &&
+	printf "%s\n" $1 >expect &&
+	shift
+
+	param="$*" &&
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
+		git log --format="$FMT" $param |
+		unnote >actual &&
+		sed -e "$munge_actual" <actual >check &&
+		test_cmp expect check
+	'
+}
+
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+# Odd merge G drops a change in F. Important that G is listed in all
+# except the most basic list. Achieving this means normal merge D will also be
+# shown in normal full-history, as we can't distinguish unless we do a
+# simplification pass. After simplification, D is dropped but G remains.
+# Also, merge simplification of G should not drop the parent B that the default
+# simple history follows.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G F E D C B A'
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FE)G (D)F (B)E (BC)D (A)C (A)B A'
+check_result 'M H L K J I G E F D C B A' --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H B A' -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (B)L (B)H (A)B A' --parents -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H G F D B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FB)G (D)F (BA)D (A)B A' --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FB)G (B)F (A)B A' --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K G F D B A' --first-parent
+check_result 'M L G F B A' --first-parent -- file
+
+# Check that odd merge G remains shown when F is the bottom.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G E' F..M
+check_result 'M H L K J I G E' F..M --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H' F..M -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (B)L (B)H' --parents F..M -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H G' F..M --full-history -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FB)G' F..M --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FB)G' F..M --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H G' F..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H G' F..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FE)G' F..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FE)G' F..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K G' F..M --first-parent
+check_result 'M L G' F..M --first-parent -- file
+
+# Note that G is pruned when E is the bottom, even if it's the same commit list
+# If we want history since E, then we're quite happy to ignore G that took E.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G' E..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H' E..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (EJ)K (I)J (E)I (E)H' E..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (E)H (J)L (I)J (E)I' E..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+
+# Should still be able to ignore I-J branch in simple log, despite limiting
+# to G.
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M
+check_result 'M H L K J I' G..M --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H' G..M -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)L (G)H' G..M --parents -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H' G..M --full-history -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result 'M H L J I' G..M --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H' G..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'M H L J I' G..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+
+# B..F should be able to simplify the merge D from irrelevant side branch C.
+# Default log should also be free to follow B-D, and ignore C.
+# But --full-history shouldn't drop D on its own - without simplification,
+# we can't decide if the merge from INTERESTING commit C was sensible.
+check_result 'F D C' B..F
+check_result 'F' B..F -- file
+check_result '(B)F' B..F --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --full-history -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BA)D' B..F --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(B)F' B..F --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --ancestry-path
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --first-parent
+check_result 'F' B..F --first-parent -- file
+
+# E...F should be equivalent to E F ^B, and be able to drop D as above.
+check_result 'F' E F ^B -- file # includes D
+check_result 'F' E...F -- file # includes D
+
+# Any sort of full history of C..F should show D, as it's the connection to C,
+# and it differs from it.
+check_result 'F D B' C..F
+check_result 'F B' C..F -- file
+check_result '(B)F (A)B' C..F --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D B' C..F --full-history -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BC)D (A)B' C..F --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BC)D (A)B' C..F --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D B' C..F --first-parent
+check_result 'F B' C..F --first-parent -- file
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6120-describe.sh b/t/t6120-describe.sh
index f67aa6ff6a..85f269411c 100755
--- a/t/t6120-describe.sh
+++ b/t/t6120-describe.sh
@@ -110,6 +110,17 @@ check_describe tags/e --all HEAD^^^
 check_describe B-0-* --long HEAD^^2^
 check_describe A-3-* --long HEAD^^2
 
+check_describe c-7-* --tags
+check_describe e-3-* --first-parent --tags
+
+test_expect_success 'describe --contains defaults to HEAD without commit-ish' '
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	git checkout A &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -" &&
+	git describe --contains >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 : >err.expect
 check_describe A --all A^0
 test_expect_success 'no warning was displayed for A' '
@@ -171,4 +182,28 @@ check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --tags --match="test2-*"
 
 check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --long --tags --match="test2-*" HEAD^
 
+test_expect_success 'name-rev with exact tags' '
+	echo A >expect &&
+	tag_object=$(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) &&
+	git name-rev --tags --name-only $tag_object >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tagged_commit=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/A^0") &&
+	git name-rev --tags --name-only $tagged_commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'describe --contains with the exact tags' '
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tag_object=$(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) &&
+	git describe --contains $tag_object >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tagged_commit=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/A^0") &&
+	git describe --contains $tagged_commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..658353277e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test globbing (and noglob) of pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit unrelated bar &&
+	test_commit vanilla foo &&
+	# insert file "f*" in the commit, but in a way that avoids
+	# the name "f*" in the worktree, because it is not allowed
+	# on Windows (the tests below do not depend on the presence
+	# of the file in the worktree)
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo)" "f*" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m star &&
+	test_commit bracket "f[o][o]"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'vanilla pathspec matches literally' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)foo" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option disables :(literal)' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(literal)foo" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob environment variable works' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame takes global pathspec flags' '
+	git --literal-pathspecs blame -- foo &&
+	git --icase-pathspecs   blame -- foo &&
+	git --glob-pathspecs    blame -- foo &&
+	git --noglob-pathspecs  blame -- foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup xxx/bar' '
+	mkdir xxx &&
+	test_commit xxx xxx/bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with :(glob)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ does not work with --noglob-pathspecs' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --noglob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with :(glob) and --noglob-pathspecs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git --noglob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(glob)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with --glob-pathspecs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git --glob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ does not work with :(literal) and --glob-pathspecs' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --glob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(literal)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh b/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..39fc3f6769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test case insensitive pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
+	skip_all='skipping case sensitive tests - case insensitive file system'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit bar bar &&
+	test_commit bAr bAr &&
+	test_commit BAR BAR &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	test_commit foo/bar foo/bar &&
+	test_commit foo/bAr foo/bAr &&
+	test_commit foo/BAR foo/BAR &&
+	mkdir fOo &&
+	test_commit fOo/bar fOo/bar &&
+	test_commit fOo/bAr fOo/bAr &&
+	test_commit fOo/BAR fOo/BAR &&
+	mkdir FOO &&
+	test_commit FOO/bar FOO/bar &&
+	test_commit FOO/bAr FOO/bAr &&
+	test_commit FOO/BAR FOO/BAR
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches bar' '
+	echo bar >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- "bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	BAR
+	bAr
+	bar
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar with prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar with empty prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	FOO/BAR
+	FOO/bAr
+	FOO/bar
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	foo/BAR
+	foo/bAr
+	foo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)../foo/bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec matches :(icase)bar' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	BAR
+	bAr
+	bar
+	EOF
+	git ls-files ":(icase)bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec matches :(icase)bar with prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git ls-files --full-name ":(icase)bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec matches :(icase)bar with empty prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	bar
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git ls-files --full-name ":(icase)bar" ../bar ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git diff" can take magic :(icase) pathspec' '
+	echo FOO/BAR >expect &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD -- ":(icase)foo/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh b/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d51595cf6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test case exclude pathspec'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	for p in file sub/file sub/sub/file sub/file2 sub/sub/sub/file sub2/file; do
+		if echo $p | grep /; then
+			mkdir -p $(dirname $p)
+		fi &&
+		: >$p &&
+		git add $p &&
+		git commit -m $p
+	done &&
+	git log --oneline --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/sub/file
+sub/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exclude only should error out' '
+	test_must_fail git log --oneline --format=%s -- ":(exclude)sub"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude)sub" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub/sub/file' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude)sub/sub/file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub using mnemonic' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":!sub" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude :(icase)SUB' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude,icase)SUB" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub2 from sub' '
+	(
+	cd sub &&
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- :/ ":/!sub2" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/sub/file
+sub/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub/*file' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude)sub/*file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+sub/file2
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude :(glob)sub/*/file' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude,glob)sub/*/file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude)sub" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub/sub/file' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude)sub/sub/file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub using mnemonic' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":!sub" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude :(icase)SUB' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude,icase)SUB" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub2 from sub' '
+	(
+	cd sub &&
+	git ls-files -- :/ ":/!sub2" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+../file
+file
+file2
+sub/file
+sub/sub/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub/*file' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude)sub/*file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub/file2
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude :(glob)sub/*/file' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude,glob)sub/*/file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6133-pathspec-rev-dwim.sh b/t/t6133-pathspec-rev-dwim.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a290ffca0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6133-pathspec-rev-dwim.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test dwim of revs versus pathspecs in revision parser'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	echo content >"br[ack]ets" &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m brackets
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-rev wildcard dwims to pathspec' '
+	git log -- "*.t" >expect &&
+	git log    "*.t" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree:path with metacharacters dwims to rev' '
+	git show "HEAD:br[ack]ets" -- >expect &&
+	git show "HEAD:br[ack]ets"    >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '^{foo} with metacharacters dwims to rev' '
+	git log "HEAD^{/b.*}" -- >expect &&
+	git log "HEAD^{/b.*}"    >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{foo} with metacharacters dwims to rev' '
+	git log "HEAD@{now [or thereabouts]}" -- >expect &&
+	git log "HEAD@{now [or thereabouts]}"    >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success ':/*.t from a subdir dwims to a pathspec' '
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git log -- ":/*.t" >expect &&
+		git log    ":/*.t" >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
index 9a16806921..2e2fb0e957 100755
--- a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
+++ b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
@@ -35,15 +35,18 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	echo "l3" >two &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -a -m "Left #3" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Another Committer" \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Author" git commit -a -m "Left #3" &&
 
 	echo "l4" >two &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -a -m "Left #4" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Another Committer" \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Author" git commit -a -m "Left #4" &&
 
 	echo "l5" >two &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -a -m "Left #5" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Another Committer" \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Author" git commit -a -m "Left #5" &&
 	git tag tag-l5 &&
 
 	git checkout right &&
@@ -99,6 +102,8 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -107,8 +112,8 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -116,8 +121,8 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -129,11 +134,6 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	test_cmp expected actual2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: clear [merge] configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'setup FETCH_HEAD' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge.log=3 limits shortlog length' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left: (5 commits)
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -159,6 +161,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge.log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -171,8 +175,26 @@ test_expect_success 'merge.log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--log=5 with custom comment character' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	x By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	x Via Another Committer
+	* left:
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  Common #2
+	  Common #1
+	EOF
+
+	git -c core.commentchar="x" fmt-merge-msg --log=5 <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge.log=0 disables shortlog' '
-	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected &&
 	git -c merge.log=0 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -181,6 +203,8 @@ test_expect_success '--log=3 limits shortlog length' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left: (5 commits)
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -196,6 +220,8 @@ test_expect_success '--log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -225,6 +251,8 @@ test_expect_success 'fmt-merge-msg -m' '
 	cat >expected.log <<-EOF &&
 	Sync with left
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* ${apos}left${apos} of $(pwd):
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -233,14 +261,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fmt-merge-msg -m' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.summary &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git fetch "$(pwd)" left &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --log -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log-config &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log -m "Sync with left" \
@@ -256,6 +284,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: expected shortlog for two branches' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF
 	Merge branches ${apos}left${apos} and ${apos}right${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -273,29 +303,29 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: expected shortlog for two branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'shortlog for two branches' '
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual2 &&
 
-	git config merge.log yes &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual3 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -308,8 +338,8 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog for two branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -318,8 +348,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -333,8 +363,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg with nothing to merge' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	>empty &&
 
@@ -359,8 +389,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -379,6 +409,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg two tags' '
 	  Common #2
 	  Common #1
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* tag ${apos}tag-l5${apos}:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -387,8 +419,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg two tags' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -407,6 +439,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag and branch' '
 	  Common #2
 	  Common #1
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -415,8 +449,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag and branch' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -443,6 +477,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg lots of commits' '
 		echo "  ..."
 	} >expected &&
 
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
+
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . long &&
@@ -451,4 +487,43 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg lots of commits' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg with "merging" an annotated tag' '
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "One step ahead" &&
+	git tag -a -m "An annotated one" annote HEAD &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch . annote &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	{
+		cat <<-\EOF
+		Merge tag '\''annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	annote=$(git rev-parse annote) &&
+	git merge --no-commit $annote &&
+	{
+		cat <<-EOF
+		Merge tag '\''$annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''$annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected .git/MERGE_MSG
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
index 172178490a..19a2823025 100755
--- a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ test_description='for-each-ref test'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
 
-# Mon Jul 3 15:18:43 2006 +0000
-datestamp=1151939923
+# Mon Jul 3 23:18:43 2006 +0000
+datestamp=1151968723
 setdate_and_increment () {
     GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$datestamp +0200"
     datestamp=$(expr "$datestamp" + 1)
@@ -18,20 +18,20 @@ setdate_and_increment () {
     export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
 }
 
-test_expect_success 'Create sample commit with known timestamp' '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	setdate_and_increment &&
 	echo "Using $datestamp" > one &&
 	git add one &&
 	git commit -m "Initial" &&
 	setdate_and_increment &&
-	git tag -a -m "Tagging at $datestamp" testtag
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'Create upstream config' '
+	git tag -a -m "Tagging at $datestamp" testtag &&
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master master &&
 	git remote add origin nowhere &&
 	git config branch.master.remote origin &&
-	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
+	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	git remote add myfork elsewhere &&
+	git config remote.pushdefault myfork &&
+	git config push.default current
 '
 
 test_atom() {
@@ -49,30 +49,39 @@ test_atom() {
 }
 
 test_atom head refname refs/heads/master
+test_atom head refname:short master
+test_atom head refname:strip=1 heads/master
+test_atom head refname:strip=2 master
 test_atom head upstream refs/remotes/origin/master
+test_atom head upstream:short origin/master
+test_atom head push refs/remotes/myfork/master
+test_atom head push:short myfork/master
 test_atom head objecttype commit
 test_atom head objectsize 171
-test_atom head objectname 67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581
-test_atom head tree 0e51c00fcb93dffc755546f27593d511e1bdb46f
+test_atom head objectname $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master)
+test_atom head objectname:short $(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/master)
+test_atom head tree $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master^{tree})
 test_atom head parent ''
 test_atom head numparent 0
 test_atom head object ''
 test_atom head type ''
-test_atom head author 'A U Thor <author@example.com> 1151939924 +0200'
+test_atom head '*objectname' ''
+test_atom head '*objecttype' ''
+test_atom head author 'A U Thor <author@example.com> 1151968724 +0200'
 test_atom head authorname 'A U Thor'
 test_atom head authoremail '<author@example.com>'
-test_atom head authordate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:44 2006 +0200'
-test_atom head committer 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151939923 +0200'
+test_atom head authordate 'Tue Jul 4 01:18:44 2006 +0200'
+test_atom head committer 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151968723 +0200'
 test_atom head committername 'C O Mitter'
 test_atom head committeremail '<committer@example.com>'
-test_atom head committerdate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:43 2006 +0200'
+test_atom head committerdate 'Tue Jul 4 01:18:43 2006 +0200'
 test_atom head tag ''
 test_atom head tagger ''
 test_atom head taggername ''
 test_atom head taggeremail ''
 test_atom head taggerdate ''
-test_atom head creator 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151939923 +0200'
-test_atom head creatordate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:43 2006 +0200'
+test_atom head creator 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151968723 +0200'
+test_atom head creatordate 'Tue Jul 4 01:18:43 2006 +0200'
 test_atom head subject 'Initial'
 test_atom head contents:subject 'Initial'
 test_atom head body ''
@@ -80,17 +89,23 @@ test_atom head contents:body ''
 test_atom head contents:signature ''
 test_atom head contents 'Initial
 '
+test_atom head HEAD '*'
 
 test_atom tag refname refs/tags/testtag
+test_atom tag refname:short testtag
 test_atom tag upstream ''
+test_atom tag push ''
 test_atom tag objecttype tag
 test_atom tag objectsize 154
-test_atom tag objectname 98b46b1d36e5b07909de1b3886224e3e81e87322
+test_atom tag objectname $(git rev-parse refs/tags/testtag)
+test_atom tag objectname:short $(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/testtag)
 test_atom tag tree ''
 test_atom tag parent ''
 test_atom tag numparent ''
-test_atom tag object '67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581'
+test_atom tag object $(git rev-parse refs/tags/testtag^0)
 test_atom tag type 'commit'
+test_atom tag '*objectname' 'ea122842f48be4afb2d1fc6a4b96c05885ab7463'
+test_atom tag '*objecttype' 'commit'
 test_atom tag author ''
 test_atom tag authorname ''
 test_atom tag authoremail ''
@@ -100,24 +115,35 @@ test_atom tag committername ''
 test_atom tag committeremail ''
 test_atom tag committerdate ''
 test_atom tag tag 'testtag'
-test_atom tag tagger 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151939925 +0200'
+test_atom tag tagger 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151968725 +0200'
 test_atom tag taggername 'C O Mitter'
 test_atom tag taggeremail '<committer@example.com>'
-test_atom tag taggerdate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:45 2006 +0200'
-test_atom tag creator 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151939925 +0200'
-test_atom tag creatordate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:45 2006 +0200'
-test_atom tag subject 'Tagging at 1151939927'
-test_atom tag contents:subject 'Tagging at 1151939927'
+test_atom tag taggerdate 'Tue Jul 4 01:18:45 2006 +0200'
+test_atom tag creator 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151968725 +0200'
+test_atom tag creatordate 'Tue Jul 4 01:18:45 2006 +0200'
+test_atom tag subject 'Tagging at 1151968727'
+test_atom tag contents:subject 'Tagging at 1151968727'
 test_atom tag body ''
 test_atom tag contents:body ''
 test_atom tag contents:signature ''
-test_atom tag contents 'Tagging at 1151939927
+test_atom tag contents 'Tagging at 1151968727
 '
+test_atom tag HEAD ' '
 
 test_expect_success 'Check invalid atoms names are errors' '
 	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(INVALID)" refs/heads
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'arguments to :strip must be positive integers' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:strip=0)" &&
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:strip=-1)" &&
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:strip=foo)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stripping refnames too far gives an error' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:strip=3)"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'Check format specifiers are ignored in naming date atoms' '
 	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate)" refs/heads &&
 	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:default) %(authordate)" refs/heads &&
@@ -138,84 +164,130 @@ test_expect_success 'Check invalid format specifiers are errors' '
 	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:INVALID)" refs/heads
 '
 
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-'refs/heads/master' 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:43 2006 +0200' 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:44 2006 +0200'
-'refs/tags/testtag' 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:45 2006 +0200'
-EOF
+test_date () {
+	f=$1 &&
+	committer_date=$2 &&
+	author_date=$3 &&
+	tagger_date=$4 &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	'refs/heads/master' '$committer_date' '$author_date'
+	'refs/tags/testtag' '$tagger_date'
+	EOF
+	(
+		git for-each-ref --shell \
+			--format="%(refname) %(committerdate${f:+:$f}) %(authordate${f:+:$f})" \
+			refs/heads &&
+		git for-each-ref --shell \
+			--format="%(refname) %(taggerdate${f:+:$f})" \
+			refs/tags
+	) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
 
 test_expect_success 'Check unformatted date fields output' '
-	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate) %(authordate)" refs/heads &&
-	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate)" refs/tags) >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_date "" \
+		"Tue Jul 4 01:18:43 2006 +0200" \
+		"Tue Jul 4 01:18:44 2006 +0200" \
+		"Tue Jul 4 01:18:45 2006 +0200"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Check format "default" formatted date fields output' '
-	f=default &&
-	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
-	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_date default \
+		"Tue Jul 4 01:18:43 2006 +0200" \
+		"Tue Jul 4 01:18:44 2006 +0200" \
+		"Tue Jul 4 01:18:45 2006 +0200"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "default-local" date fields output' '
+	test_date default-local "Mon Jul 3 23:18:43 2006" "Mon Jul 3 23:18:44 2006" "Mon Jul 3 23:18:45 2006"
 '
 
 # Don't know how to do relative check because I can't know when this script
 # is going to be run and can't fake the current time to git, and hence can't
 # provide expected output.  Instead, I'll just make sure that "relative"
 # doesn't exit in error
-#
-#cat >expected <<\EOF
-#
-#EOF
-#
 test_expect_success 'Check format "relative" date fields output' '
 	f=relative &&
 	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
 	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual
 '
 
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-'refs/heads/master' '2006-07-03' '2006-07-03'
-'refs/tags/testtag' '2006-07-03'
-EOF
+# We just check that this is the same as "relative" for now.
+test_expect_success 'Check format "relative-local" date fields output' '
+	test_date relative-local \
+		"$(git for-each-ref --format="%(committerdate:relative)" refs/heads)" \
+		"$(git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:relative)" refs/heads)" \
+		"$(git for-each-ref --format="%(taggerdate:relative)" refs/tags)"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'Check format "short" date fields output' '
-	f=short &&
-	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
-	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_date short 2006-07-04 2006-07-04 2006-07-04
 '
 
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-'refs/heads/master' 'Mon Jul 3 15:18:43 2006' 'Mon Jul 3 15:18:44 2006'
-'refs/tags/testtag' 'Mon Jul 3 15:18:45 2006'
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'Check format "short-local" date fields output' '
+	test_date short-local 2006-07-03 2006-07-03 2006-07-03
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'Check format "local" date fields output' '
-	f=local &&
-	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
-	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_date local \
+		"Mon Jul 3 23:18:43 2006" \
+		"Mon Jul 3 23:18:44 2006" \
+		"Mon Jul 3 23:18:45 2006"
 '
 
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-'refs/heads/master' '2006-07-03 17:18:43 +0200' '2006-07-03 17:18:44 +0200'
-'refs/tags/testtag' '2006-07-03 17:18:45 +0200'
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'Check format "iso8601" date fields output' '
-	f=iso8601 &&
-	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
-	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_date iso8601 \
+		"2006-07-04 01:18:43 +0200" \
+		"2006-07-04 01:18:44 +0200" \
+		"2006-07-04 01:18:45 +0200"
 '
 
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-'refs/heads/master' 'Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:18:43 +0200' 'Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:18:44 +0200'
-'refs/tags/testtag' 'Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:18:45 +0200'
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'Check format "iso8601-local" date fields output' '
+	test_date iso8601-local "2006-07-03 23:18:43 +0000" "2006-07-03 23:18:44 +0000" "2006-07-03 23:18:45 +0000"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'Check format "rfc2822" date fields output' '
-	f=rfc2822 &&
-	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
-	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
+	test_date rfc2822 \
+		"Tue, 4 Jul 2006 01:18:43 +0200" \
+		"Tue, 4 Jul 2006 01:18:44 +0200" \
+		"Tue, 4 Jul 2006 01:18:45 +0200"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "rfc2822-local" date fields output' '
+	test_date rfc2822-local "Mon, 3 Jul 2006 23:18:43 +0000" "Mon, 3 Jul 2006 23:18:44 +0000" "Mon, 3 Jul 2006 23:18:45 +0000"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "raw" date fields output' '
+	test_date raw "1151968723 +0200" "1151968724 +0200" "1151968725 +0200"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "raw-local" date fields output' '
+	test_date raw-local "1151968723 +0000" "1151968724 +0000" "1151968725 +0000"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format of strftime date fields' '
+	echo "my date is 2006-07-04" >expected &&
+	git for-each-ref \
+	  --format="%(authordate:format:my date is %Y-%m-%d)" \
+	  refs/heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format of strftime-local date fields' '
+	echo "my date is 2006-07-03" >expected &&
+	git for-each-ref \
+	  --format="%(authordate:format-local:my date is %Y-%m-%d)" \
+	  refs/heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exercise strftime with odd fields' '
+	echo >expected &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:format:)" refs/heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	long="long format -- $_z40$_z40$_z40$_z40$_z40$_z40$_z40" &&
+	echo $long >expected &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:format:$long)" refs/heads >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -284,32 +356,30 @@ for i in "--perl --shell" "-s --python" "--python --tcl" "--tcl --perl"; do
 	"
 done
 
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-master
-testtag
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'Check short refname format' '
-	(git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short)" refs/heads &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short)" refs/tags) >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+test_expect_success 'setup for upstream:track[short]' '
+	test_commit two
 '
 
-cat >expected <<EOF
-origin/master
-EOF
+test_atom head upstream:track '[ahead 1]'
+test_atom head upstream:trackshort '>'
+test_atom head push:track '[ahead 1]'
+test_atom head push:trackshort '>'
 
-test_expect_success 'Check short upstream format' '
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(upstream:short)" refs/heads >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+test_expect_success 'Check that :track[short] cannot be used with other atoms' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:track)" 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:trackshort)" 2>/dev/null
 '
 
-cat >expected <<EOF
-67a36f1
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'Check that :track[short] works when upstream is invalid' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
 
-test_expect_success 'Check short objectname format' '
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname:short)" refs/heads >actual &&
+	EOF
+	test_when_finished "git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master" &&
+	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/does-not-exist &&
+	git for-each-ref \
+		--format="%(upstream:track)$LF%(upstream:trackshort)" \
+		refs/heads >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -317,6 +387,23 @@ test_expect_success 'Check for invalid refname format' '
 	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:INVALID)"
 '
 
+get_color ()
+{
+	git config --get-color no.such.slot "$1"
+}
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+$(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/master) $(get_color green)master$(get_color reset)
+$(git rev-parse --short refs/remotes/origin/master) $(get_color green)origin/master$(get_color reset)
+$(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/testtag) $(get_color green)testtag$(get_color reset)
+$(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/two) $(get_color green)two$(get_color reset)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check %(color:...) ' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname:short) %(color:green)%(refname:short)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 cat >expected <<\EOF
 heads/master
 tags/master
@@ -456,4 +543,14 @@ test_atom refs/tags/signed-long contents "subject line
 body contents
 $sig"
 
+cat >expected <<EOF
+$(git rev-parse refs/tags/bogo) <committer@example.com> refs/tags/bogo
+$(git rev-parse refs/tags/master) <committer@example.com> refs/tags/master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Verify sort with multiple keys' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname) %(taggeremail) %(refname)" --sort=objectname --sort=taggeremail \
+		refs/tags/bogo refs/tags/master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6301-for-each-ref-errors.sh b/t/t6301-for-each-ref-errors.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..cdb67a03b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6301-for-each-ref-errors.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='for-each-ref errors for broken refs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+ZEROS=$_z40
+MISSING=abababababababababababababababababababab
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "Initial" &&
+	git tag testtag &&
+	git for-each-ref >full-list &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname) %(refname)" >brief-list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Broken refs are reported correctly' '
+	r=refs/heads/bogus &&
+	: >.git/$r &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/$r" &&
+	echo "warning: ignoring broken ref $r" >broken-err &&
+	git for-each-ref >out 2>err &&
+	test_cmp full-list out &&
+	test_cmp broken-err err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'NULL_SHA1 refs are reported correctly' '
+	r=refs/heads/zeros &&
+	echo $ZEROS >.git/$r &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/$r" &&
+	echo "warning: ignoring broken ref $r" >zeros-err &&
+	git for-each-ref >out 2>err &&
+	test_cmp full-list out &&
+	test_cmp zeros-err err &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname) %(refname)" >brief-out 2>brief-err &&
+	test_cmp brief-list brief-out &&
+	test_cmp zeros-err brief-err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Missing objects are reported correctly' '
+	r=refs/heads/missing &&
+	echo $MISSING >.git/$r &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/$r" &&
+	echo "fatal: missing object $MISSING for $r" >missing-err &&
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref 2>err &&
+	test_cmp missing-err err &&
+	(
+		cat brief-list &&
+		echo "$MISSING $r"
+	) | sort -k 2 >missing-brief-expected &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname) %(refname)" >brief-out 2>brief-err &&
+	test_cmp missing-brief-expected brief-out &&
+	test_must_be_empty brief-err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6302-for-each-ref-filter.sh b/t/t6302-for-each-ref-filter.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d0ab09f4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6302-for-each-ref-filter.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test for-each-refs usage of ref-filter APIs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup some history and refs' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_commit three &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit four &&
+	git tag -m "An annotated tag" annotated-tag &&
+	git tag -m "Annonated doubly" doubly-annotated-tag annotated-tag &&
+
+	# Note that these "signed" tags might not actually be signed.
+	# Tests which care about the distinction should be marked
+	# with the GPG prereq.
+	if test_have_prereq GPG
+	then
+		sign=-s
+	else
+		sign=
+	fi &&
+	git tag $sign -m "A signed tag" signed-tag &&
+	git tag $sign -m "Signed doubly" doubly-signed-tag signed-tag &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git update-ref refs/odd/spot master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filtering with --points-at' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/master
+	refs/odd/spot
+	refs/tags/three
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --points-at=master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check signed tags with --points-at' '
+	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/side Z
+	refs/tags/annotated-tag four
+	refs/tags/four Z
+	refs/tags/signed-tag four
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname) %(*subject)" --points-at=side >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filtering with --merged' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/master
+	refs/odd/spot
+	refs/tags/one
+	refs/tags/three
+	refs/tags/two
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --merged=master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filtering with --no-merged' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/side
+	refs/tags/annotated-tag
+	refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag
+	refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag
+	refs/tags/four
+	refs/tags/signed-tag
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --no-merged=master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filtering with --contains' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/master
+	refs/heads/side
+	refs/odd/spot
+	refs/tags/annotated-tag
+	refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag
+	refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag
+	refs/tags/four
+	refs/tags/signed-tag
+	refs/tags/three
+	refs/tags/two
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --contains=two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%(color) must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(color)%(refname)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment is default' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refname is refs/heads/master  |refs/heads/master
+	refname is refs/heads/side    |refs/heads/side
+	refname is refs/odd/spot      |refs/odd/spot
+	refname is refs/tags/annotated-tag|refs/tags/annotated-tag
+	refname is refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag|refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag
+	refname is refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag|refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag
+	refname is refs/tags/four     |refs/tags/four
+	refname is refs/tags/one      |refs/tags/one
+	refname is refs/tags/signed-tag|refs/tags/signed-tag
+	refname is refs/tags/three    |refs/tags/three
+	refname is refs/tags/two      |refs/tags/two
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(align:30)refname is %(refname)%(end)|%(refname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'middle alignment' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	| refname is refs/heads/master |refs/heads/master
+	|  refname is refs/heads/side  |refs/heads/side
+	|   refname is refs/odd/spot   |refs/odd/spot
+	|refname is refs/tags/annotated-tag|refs/tags/annotated-tag
+	|refname is refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag|refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag
+	|refname is refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag|refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag
+	|  refname is refs/tags/four   |refs/tags/four
+	|   refname is refs/tags/one   |refs/tags/one
+	|refname is refs/tags/signed-tag|refs/tags/signed-tag
+	|  refname is refs/tags/three  |refs/tags/three
+	|   refname is refs/tags/two   |refs/tags/two
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="|%(align:middle,30)refname is %(refname)%(end)|%(refname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	|  refname is refs/heads/master|refs/heads/master
+	|    refname is refs/heads/side|refs/heads/side
+	|      refname is refs/odd/spot|refs/odd/spot
+	|refname is refs/tags/annotated-tag|refs/tags/annotated-tag
+	|refname is refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag|refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag
+	|refname is refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag|refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag
+	|     refname is refs/tags/four|refs/tags/four
+	|      refname is refs/tags/one|refs/tags/one
+	|refname is refs/tags/signed-tag|refs/tags/signed-tag
+	|    refname is refs/tags/three|refs/tags/three
+	|      refname is refs/tags/two|refs/tags/two
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="|%(align:30,right)refname is %(refname)%(end)|%(refname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<-\EOF
+|       refname is refs/heads/master       |refs/heads/master
+|        refname is refs/heads/side        |refs/heads/side
+|         refname is refs/odd/spot         |refs/odd/spot
+|    refname is refs/tags/annotated-tag    |refs/tags/annotated-tag
+|refname is refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag |refs/tags/doubly-annotated-tag
+|  refname is refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag  |refs/tags/doubly-signed-tag
+|        refname is refs/tags/four         |refs/tags/four
+|         refname is refs/tags/one         |refs/tags/one
+|     refname is refs/tags/signed-tag      |refs/tags/signed-tag
+|        refname is refs/tags/three        |refs/tags/three
+|         refname is refs/tags/two         |refs/tags/two
+EOF
+
+test_align_permutations() {
+	while read -r option
+	do
+		test_expect_success "align:$option" '
+			git for-each-ref --format="|%(align:$option)refname is %(refname)%(end)|%(refname)" >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual
+		'
+	done
+}
+
+test_align_permutations <<-\EOF
+	middle,42
+	42,middle
+	position=middle,42
+	42,position=middle
+	middle,width=42
+	width=42,middle
+	position=middle,width=42
+	width=42,position=middle
+EOF
+
+# Last one wins (silently) when multiple arguments of the same type are given
+
+test_align_permutations <<-\EOF
+	32,width=42,middle
+	width=30,42,middle
+	width=42,position=right,middle
+	42,right,position=middle
+EOF
+
+# Individual atoms inside %(align:...) and %(end) must not be quoted.
+
+test_expect_success 'alignment with format quote' "
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	|'      '\''master| A U Thor'\''      '|
+	|'       '\''side| A U Thor'\''       '|
+	|'     '\''odd/spot| A U Thor'\''     '|
+	|'      '\''annotated-tag| '\''       '|
+	|'   '\''doubly-annotated-tag| '\''   '|
+	|'    '\''doubly-signed-tag| '\''     '|
+	|'       '\''four| A U Thor'\''       '|
+	|'       '\''one| A U Thor'\''        '|
+	|'        '\''signed-tag| '\''        '|
+	|'      '\''three| A U Thor'\''       '|
+	|'       '\''two| A U Thor'\''        '|
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format=\"|%(align:30,middle)'%(refname:short)| %(authorname)'%(end)|\" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'nested alignment with quote formatting' "
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	|'         master               '|
+	|'           side               '|
+	|'       odd/spot               '|
+	|'  annotated-tag               '|
+	|'doubly-annotated-tag          '|
+	|'doubly-signed-tag             '|
+	|'           four               '|
+	|'            one               '|
+	|'     signed-tag               '|
+	|'          three               '|
+	|'            two               '|
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format='|%(align:30,left)%(align:15,right)%(refname:short)%(end)%(end)|' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'check `%(contents:lines=1)`' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	master |three
+	side |four
+	odd/spot |three
+	annotated-tag |An annotated tag
+	doubly-annotated-tag |Annonated doubly
+	doubly-signed-tag |Signed doubly
+	four |four
+	one |one
+	signed-tag |A signed tag
+	three |three
+	two |two
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short) |%(contents:lines=1)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check `%(contents:lines=0)`' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	master |
+	side |
+	odd/spot |
+	annotated-tag |
+	doubly-annotated-tag |
+	doubly-signed-tag |
+	four |
+	one |
+	signed-tag |
+	three |
+	two |
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short) |%(contents:lines=0)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check `%(contents:lines=99999)`' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	master |three
+	side |four
+	odd/spot |three
+	annotated-tag |An annotated tag
+	doubly-annotated-tag |Annonated doubly
+	doubly-signed-tag |Signed doubly
+	four |four
+	one |one
+	signed-tag |A signed tag
+	three |three
+	two |two
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short) |%(contents:lines=99999)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '`%(contents:lines=-1)` should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short) |%(contents:lines=-1)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for version sort' '
+	test_commit foo1.3 &&
+	test_commit foo1.6 &&
+	test_commit foo1.10
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'version sort' '
+	git for-each-ref --sort=version:refname --format="%(refname:short)" refs/tags/ | grep "foo" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'version sort (shortened)' '
+	git for-each-ref --sort=v:refname --format="%(refname:short)" refs/tags/ | grep "foo" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reverse version sort' '
+	git for-each-ref --sort=-version:refname --format="%(refname:short)" refs/tags/ | grep "foo" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.10
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.3
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6500-gc.sh b/t/t6500-gc.sh
index 82f3639937..5d7d414617 100755
--- a/t/t6500-gc.sh
+++ b/t/t6500-gc.sh
@@ -9,9 +9,14 @@ test_expect_success 'gc empty repository' '
 	git gc
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'gc does not leave behind pid file' '
+	git gc &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/gc.pid
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'gc --gobbledegook' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git gc --nonsense 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git gc" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git gc" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gc -h with invalid configuration' '
@@ -22,7 +27,20 @@ test_expect_success 'gc -h with invalid configuration' '
 		echo "[gc] pruneexpire = CORRUPT" >>.git/config &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git gc -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc is not aborted due to a stale symref' '
+	git init remote &&
+	(
+		cd remote &&
+		test_commit initial &&
+		git clone . ../client &&
+		git branch -m develop &&
+		cd ../client &&
+		git fetch --prune &&
+		git gc
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh b/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..cf076dcd94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# This test covers the handling of objects which might have old
+# mtimes in the filesystem (because they were used previously)
+# and are just now becoming referenced again.
+#
+# We're going to do two things that are a little bit "fake" to
+# help make our simulation easier:
+#
+#   1. We'll turn off reflogs. You can still run into
+#      problems with reflogs on, but your objects
+#      don't get pruned until both the reflog expiration
+#      has passed on their references, _and_ they are out
+#      of prune's expiration period. Dropping reflogs
+#      means we only have to deal with one variable in our tests,
+#      but the results generalize.
+#
+#   2. We'll use a temporary index file to create our
+#      works-in-progress. Most workflows would mention
+#      referenced objects in the index, which prune takes
+#      into account. However, many operations don't. For
+#      example, a partial commit with "git commit foo"
+#      will use a temporary index. Or they may not need
+#      an index at all (e.g., creating a new commit
+#      to refer to an existing tree).
+
+test_description='check pruning of dependent objects'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# We care about reachability, so we do not want to use
+# the normal test_commit, which creates extra tags.
+add () {
+	echo "$1" >"$1" &&
+	git add "$1"
+}
+commit () {
+	test_tick &&
+	add "$1" &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+maybe_repack () {
+	if test -n "$repack"; then
+		git repack -ad
+	fi
+}
+
+for repack in '' true; do
+	title=${repack:+repack}
+	title=${title:-loose}
+
+	test_expect_success "make repo completely empty ($title)" '
+		rm -rf .git &&
+		git init
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "disable reflogs ($title)" '
+		git config core.logallrefupdates false &&
+		git reflog expire --expire=all --all
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "setup basic history ($title)" '
+		commit base
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "create and abandon some objects ($title)" '
+		git checkout -b experiment &&
+		commit abandon &&
+		maybe_repack &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git branch -D experiment
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "simulate time passing ($title)" '
+		find .git/objects -type f |
+		xargs test-chmtime -v -86400
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "start writing new commit with old blob ($title)" '
+		tree=$(
+			GIT_INDEX_FILE=index.tmp &&
+			export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+			git read-tree HEAD &&
+			add unrelated &&
+			add abandon &&
+			git write-tree
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "simultaneous gc ($title)" '
+		git gc --prune=12.hours.ago
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "finish writing out commit ($title)" '
+		commit=$(echo foo | git commit-tree -p HEAD $tree) &&
+		git update-ref HEAD $commit
+	'
+
+	# "abandon" blob should have been rescued by reference from new tree
+	test_expect_success "repository passes fsck ($title)" '
+		git fsck
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "abandon objects again ($title)" '
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		find .git/objects -type f |
+		xargs test-chmtime -v -86400
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "start writing new commit with same tree ($title)" '
+		tree=$(
+			GIT_INDEX_FILE=index.tmp &&
+			export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+			git read-tree HEAD &&
+			add abandon &&
+			add unrelated &&
+			git write-tree
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "simultaneous gc ($title)" '
+		git gc --prune=12.hours.ago
+	'
+
+	# tree should have been refreshed by write-tree
+	test_expect_success "finish writing out commit ($title)" '
+		commit=$(echo foo | git commit-tree -p HEAD $tree) &&
+		git update-ref HEAD $commit
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'do not complain about existing broken links' '
+	cat >broken-commit <<-\EOF &&
+	tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+	parent 0000000000000000000000000000000000000002
+	author whatever <whatever@example.com> 1234 -0000
+	committer whatever <whatever@example.com> 1234 -0000
+
+	some message
+	EOF
+	commit=$(git hash-object -t commit -w broken-commit) &&
+	git gc 2>stderr &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $commit &&
+	test_must_be_empty stderr
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7001-mv.sh b/t/t7001-mv.sh
index a845b154e4..4a2570ed95 100755
--- a/t/t7001-mv.sh
+++ b/t/t7001-mv.sh
@@ -70,10 +70,39 @@ test_expect_success \
 rm -f idontexist untracked1 untracked2 \
      path0/idontexist path0/untracked1 path0/untracked2 \
      .git/index.lock
+rmdir path1
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to absent target with trailing slash' \
+    'test_must_fail git mv path0/COPYING no-such-dir/ &&
+     test_must_fail git mv path0/COPYING no-such-dir// &&
+     git mv path0/ no-such-dir/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir no-such-dir'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'clean up' \
+    'git reset --hard'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to existing untracked target with trailing slash' \
+    'mkdir path1 &&
+     git mv path0/ path1/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir path1/path0/'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to existing tracked target with trailing slash' \
+    'mkdir path2 &&
+     >path2/file && git add path2/file &&
+     git mv path1/path0/ path2/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir path2/path0/'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'clean up' \
+    'git reset --hard'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'adding another file' \
-    'cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../README path0/README &&
+    'cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../README.md path0/README &&
      git add path0/README &&
      git commit -m add2 -a'
 
@@ -127,15 +156,12 @@ test_expect_success "Michael Cassar's test case" '
 	echo b > partA/outline.txt &&
 	echo c > papers/unsorted/_another &&
 	git add papers partA &&
-	T1=`git write-tree` &&
+	T1=$(git write-tree) &&
 
 	git mv papers/unsorted/Thesis.pdf papers/all-papers/moo-blah.pdf &&
 
-	T=`git write-tree` &&
-	git ls-tree -r $T | grep partA/outline.txt || {
-		git ls-tree -r $T
-		(exit 1)
-	}
+	T=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git ls-tree -r $T | verbose grep partA/outline.txt
 '
 
 rm -fr papers partA path?
@@ -218,13 +244,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git mv should not change sha1 of moved cache entry' '
 
 rm -f dirty dirty2
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
+test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >moved &&
-	ln -s moved symlink &&
-	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add moved symlink &&
+	git add moved &&
 	test_must_fail git mv moved symlink &&
 	git mv -f moved symlink &&
 	! test -e moved &&
@@ -237,22 +263,232 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
 
 rm -f moved symlink
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >moved &&
-	ln -s moved symlink &&
-	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add moved symlink &&
+	git add moved &&
 	test_must_fail git mv symlink moved &&
 	git mv -f symlink moved &&
 	! test -e symlink &&
-	test -h moved &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check moved symlink' '
+
+	test -h moved
+'
+
 rm -f moved symlink
 
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule add ./. sub &&
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "added sub and file" &&
+	mkdir -p deep/directory/hierachy &&
+	git submodule add ./. deep/directory/hierachy/sub &&
+	git commit -m "added another submodule" &&
+	git branch submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv cannot move a submodule in a file' '
+	test_must_fail git mv sub file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with a .git directory and no .gitmodules' '
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -R -P -p ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with a .git directory and .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -R -P -p ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	echo mod/sub >expected &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with gitfile' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	(
+		cd mod &&
+		git mv ../sub/ .
+	) &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	echo mod/sub >expected &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv does not complain when no .gitmodules file is found' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv will error out on a modified .gitmodules file unless staged' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules foo.bar true &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	test_must_fail git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test -s actual.err &&
+	test -e sub &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv issues a warning when section is not found in .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	echo "warning: Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=sub" >expect.err &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv --dry-run does not touch the submodule or .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv -n sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test -f sub/.git &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub .gitmodules
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checking out a commit before submodule moved needs manual updates' '
+	git mv sub sub2 &&
+	git commit -m "moved sub to sub2" &&
+	git checkout -q HEAD^ 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^warning: unable to rmdir sub2:" actual &&
+	git status -s sub2 >actual &&
+	echo "?? sub2/" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	! test -f sub/.git &&
+	test -f sub2/.git &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	test -f sub/.git &&
+	rm -rf sub2 &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub .gitmodules &&
+	git status -s sub2 >actual &&
+	! test -s actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv -k does not accidentally destroy submodules' '
+	git checkout submodule &&
+	mkdir dummy dest &&
+	git mv -k dummy sub dest &&
+	git status --porcelain >actual &&
+	grep "^R  sub -> dest/sub" actual &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout .
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'moving a submodule in nested directories' '
+	(
+		cd deep &&
+		git mv directory ../ &&
+		# git status would fail if the update of linking git dir to
+		# work dir of the submodule failed.
+		git status &&
+		git config -f ../.gitmodules submodule.deep/directory/hierachy/sub.path >../actual &&
+		echo "directory/hierachy/sub" >../expect
+	) &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
index e0227730de..cb8fbd8e5e 100755
--- a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 test_description='git filter-branch'
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	test_commit A &&
-	test_commit B &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="@0 +0000" GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="@0 +0000" &&
+	test_commit --notick B &&
 	git checkout -b branch B &&
 	test_commit D &&
 	mkdir dir &&
@@ -63,6 +65,20 @@ test_expect_success 'correct GIT_DIR while using -d' '
 	grep drepo "$TRASHDIR/backup-refs"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree-filter works with -d' '
+	git init drepo-tree &&
+	(
+		cd drepo-tree &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git filter-branch -d "$TRASHDIR/dfoo" \
+			--tree-filter "echo changed >one.t" &&
+		echo changed >expect &&
+		git cat-file blob HEAD:one.t >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_cmp one.t actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'Fail if commit filter fails' '
 	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f --commit-filter "exit 1" HEAD
 '
@@ -166,10 +182,11 @@ test_expect_success 'author information is preserved' '
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B V Uips" git commit -m bvuips &&
 	git branch preserved-author &&
-	git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	 git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
 			test \$GIT_COMMIT != $(git rev-parse master) || \
 			echo Hallo" \
-		preserved-author &&
+		preserved-author) &&
 	test 1 = $(git rev-list --author="B V Uips" preserved-author | wc -l)
 '
 
@@ -276,6 +293,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Tag name filtering strips gpg signature' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success GPG 'Filtering retains message of gpg signed commit' '
+	mkdir gpg &&
+	touch gpg/foo &&
+	git add gpg &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -S -m "Adding gpg" &&
+
+	git log -1 --format="%s" > expect &&
+	git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat" &&
+	git log -1 --format="%s" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'Tag name filtering allows slashes in tag names' '
 	git tag -m tag-with-slash X/1 &&
 	git cat-file tag X/1 | sed -e s,X/1,X/2, > expect &&
@@ -292,6 +322,25 @@ test_expect_success 'Prune empty commits' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prune empty collapsed merges' '
+	test_config merge.ff false &&
+	git rev-list HEAD >expect &&
+	test_commit to_remove_2 &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	test_merge non-ff to_remove_2 &&
+	git filter-branch -f --index-filter "git update-index --remove to_remove_2.t" --prune-empty HEAD &&
+	git rev-list HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune empty works even without index/tree filters' '
+	git rev-list HEAD >expect &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
+	git filter-branch -f --prune-empty HEAD &&
+	git rev-list HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--remap-to-ancestor with filename filters' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git reset --hard A &&
@@ -346,7 +395,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
 	git branch original HEAD
 '
 
-orig_head=`git show-ref --hash --head HEAD`
+orig_head=$(git show-ref --hash --head HEAD)
 
 test_expect_success 'rewrite submodule with another content' '
 	git filter-branch --tree-filter "test -d submod && {
@@ -355,7 +404,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rewrite submodule with another content' '
 					 mkdir submod &&
 					 : > submod/file
 					 } || :" HEAD &&
-	test $orig_head != `git show-ref --hash --head HEAD`
+	test $orig_head != $(git show-ref --hash --head HEAD)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'replace submodule revision' '
@@ -364,7 +413,24 @@ test_expect_success 'replace submodule revision' '
 	    "if git ls-files --error-unmatch -- submod > /dev/null 2>&1
 	     then git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789 submod
 	     fi" HEAD &&
-	test $orig_head != `git show-ref --hash --head HEAD`
+	test $orig_head != $(git show-ref --hash --head HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter commit message without trailing newline' '
+	git reset --hard original &&
+	commit=$(printf "no newline" | git commit-tree HEAD^{tree}) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/no-newline $commit &&
+	git filter-branch -f refs/heads/no-newline &&
+	echo $commit >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/no-newline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree-filter deals with object name vs pathname ambiguity' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard original" &&
+	ambiguous=$(git rev-list -1 HEAD) &&
+	git filter-branch --tree-filter "mv file.t $ambiguous" HEAD^.. &&
+	git show HEAD:$ambiguous
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index e93ac73829..8b0f71a2ac 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ test_expect_success 'listing all tags in an empty tree should succeed' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'listing all tags in an empty tree should output nothing' '
-	test `git tag -l | wc -l` -eq 0 &&
-	test `git tag | wc -l` -eq 0
+	test $(git tag -l | wc -l) -eq 0 &&
+	test $(git tag | wc -l) -eq 0
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'looking for a tag in an empty tree should fail' \
@@ -51,7 +51,19 @@ test_expect_success 'creating a tag using default HEAD should succeed' '
 	echo foo >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit -m Foo &&
-	git tag mytag
+	git tag mytag &&
+	test_must_fail git reflog exists refs/tags/mytag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'creating a tag with --create-reflog should create reflog' '
+	test_when_finished "git tag -d tag_with_reflog" &&
+	git tag --create-reflog tag_with_reflog &&
+	git reflog exists refs/tags/tag_with_reflog
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--create-reflog does not create reflog on failure' '
+	test_must_fail git tag --create-reflog mytag &&
+	test_must_fail git reflog exists refs/tags/mytag
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'listing all tags if one exists should succeed' '
@@ -60,8 +72,8 @@ test_expect_success 'listing all tags if one exists should succeed' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'listing all tags if one exists should output that tag' '
-	test `git tag -l` = mytag &&
-	test `git tag` = mytag
+	test $(git tag -l) = mytag &&
+	test $(git tag) = mytag
 '
 
 # pattern matching:
@@ -71,7 +83,7 @@ test_expect_success 'listing a tag using a matching pattern should succeed' \
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'listing a tag using a matching pattern should output that tag' \
-	'test `git tag -l mytag` = mytag'
+	'test $(git tag -l mytag) = mytag'
 
 # todo: git tag -l now returns always zero, when fixed, change this test
 test_expect_success \
@@ -80,7 +92,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'listing tags using a non-matching pattern should output nothing' \
-	'test `git tag -l xxx | wc -l` -eq 0'
+	'test $(git tag -l xxx | wc -l) -eq 0'
 
 # special cases for creating tags:
 
@@ -90,13 +102,13 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'trying to create a tag with a non-valid name should fail' '
-	test `git tag -l | wc -l` -eq 1 &&
+	test $(git tag -l | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
 	test_must_fail git tag "" &&
 	test_must_fail git tag .othertag &&
 	test_must_fail git tag "other tag" &&
 	test_must_fail git tag "othertag^" &&
 	test_must_fail git tag "other~tag" &&
-	test `git tag -l | wc -l` -eq 1
+	test $(git tag -l | wc -l) -eq 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'creating a tag using HEAD directly should succeed' '
@@ -104,6 +116,18 @@ test_expect_success 'creating a tag using HEAD directly should succeed' '
 	tag_exists myhead
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--force can create a tag with the name of one existing' '
+	tag_exists mytag &&
+	git tag --force mytag &&
+	tag_exists mytag'
+
+test_expect_success '--force is moot with a non-existing tag name' '
+	git tag newtag >expect &&
+	git tag --force forcetag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+git tag -d newtag forcetag
+
 # deleting tags:
 
 test_expect_success 'trying to delete an unknown tag should fail' '
@@ -263,6 +287,50 @@ test_expect_success 'tag -l can accept multiple patterns' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'listing tags in column' '
+	COLUMNS=40 git tag -l --column=row >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+a1      aa1     cba     t210    t211
+v0.2.1  v1.0    v1.0.1  v1.1.3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing tags in column with column.*' '
+	git config column.tag row &&
+	git config column.ui dense &&
+	COLUMNS=40 git tag -l >actual &&
+	git config --unset column.ui &&
+	git config --unset column.tag &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+a1      aa1   cba     t210    t211
+v0.2.1  v1.0  v1.0.1  v1.1.3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing tag with -n --column should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git tag --column -n
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing tags -n in column with column.ui ignored' '
+	git config column.ui "row dense" &&
+	COLUMNS=40 git tag -l -n >actual &&
+	git config --unset column.ui &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+a1              Foo
+aa1             Foo
+cba             Foo
+t210            Foo
+t211            Foo
+v0.2.1          Foo
+v1.0            Foo
+v1.0.1          Foo
+v1.1.3          Foo
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 # creating and verifying lightweight tags:
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -586,6 +654,19 @@ test_expect_success \
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'annotations for blobs are empty' '
+	blob=$(git hash-object -w --stdin <<-\EOF
+	Blob paragraph 1.
+
+	Blob paragraph 2.
+	EOF
+	) &&
+	git tag tag-blob $blob &&
+	echo "tag-blob        " >expect &&
+	git tag -n1 -l tag-blob >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # trying to verify annotated non-signed tags:
 
 test_expect_success GPG \
@@ -694,6 +775,47 @@ test_expect_success GPG '-s implies annotated tag' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+get_tag_header forcesignannotated-implied-sign $commit commit $time >expect
+echo "A message" >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'git tag -s implied if configured with tag.forcesignannotated' \
+	'test_config tag.forcesignannotated true &&
+	git tag -m "A message" forcesignannotated-implied-sign &&
+	get_tag_msg forcesignannotated-implied-sign >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'lightweight with no message when configured with tag.forcesignannotated' \
+	'test_config tag.forcesignannotated true &&
+	git tag forcesignannotated-lightweight &&
+	tag_exists forcesignannotated-lightweight &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v forcesignannotated-no-message
+'
+
+get_tag_header forcesignannotated-annotate $commit commit $time >expect
+echo "A message" >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'git tag -a disable configured tag.forcesignannotated' \
+	'test_config tag.forcesignannotated true &&
+	git tag -a -m "A message" forcesignannotated-annotate &&
+	get_tag_msg forcesignannotated-annotate >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v forcesignannotated-annotate
+'
+
+get_tag_header forcesignannotated-disabled $commit commit $time >expect
+echo "A message" >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'git tag --sign enable GPG sign' \
+	'test_config tag.forcesignannotated false &&
+	git tag --sign -m "A message" forcesignannotated-disabled &&
+	get_tag_msg forcesignannotated-disabled >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success GPG \
 	'trying to create a signed tag with non-existing -F file should fail' '
 	! test -f nonexistingfile &&
@@ -1009,12 +1131,12 @@ test_expect_success GPG \
 '
 
 # usage with rfc1991 signatures
-echo "rfc1991" > gpghome/gpg.conf
 get_tag_header rfc1991-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
 echo "RFC1991 signed tag" >>expect
 echo '-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----' >>expect
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'creating a signed tag with rfc1991' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	git tag -s -m "RFC1991 signed tag" rfc1991-signed-tag $commit &&
 	get_tag_msg rfc1991-signed-tag >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -1026,20 +1148,23 @@ cp "$1" actual
 EOF
 chmod +x fakeeditor
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'reediting a signed tag body omits signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	echo "RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git tag -f -s rfc1991-signed-tag $commit &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'verifying rfc1991 signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	git tag -v rfc1991-signed-tag
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'list tag with rfc1991 signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	echo "rfc1991-signed-tag RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	git tag -l -n1 rfc1991-signed-tag >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
@@ -1051,12 +1176,12 @@ test_expect_success GPG \
 
 rm -f gpghome/gpg.conf
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'verifying rfc1991 signature without --rfc1991' '
 	git tag -v rfc1991-signed-tag
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'list tag with rfc1991 signature without --rfc1991' '
 	echo "rfc1991-signed-tag RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	git tag -l -n1 rfc1991-signed-tag >actual &&
@@ -1067,7 +1192,7 @@ test_expect_success GPG \
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'reediting a signed tag body omits signature' '
 	echo "RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git tag -f -s rfc1991-signed-tag $commit &&
@@ -1077,10 +1202,17 @@ test_expect_success GPG \
 # try to sign with bad user.signingkey
 git config user.signingkey BobTheMouse
 test_expect_success GPG \
-	'git tag -s fails if gpg is misconfigured' \
+	'git tag -s fails if gpg is misconfigured (bad key)' \
 	'test_must_fail git tag -s -m tail tag-gpg-failure'
 git config --unset user.signingkey
 
+# try to produce invalid signature
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'git tag -s fails if gpg is misconfigured (bad signature format)' \
+	'test_config gpg.program echo &&
+	 test_must_fail git tag -s -m tail tag-gpg-failure'
+
+
 # try to verify without gpg:
 
 rm -rf gpghome
@@ -1108,8 +1240,8 @@ test_expect_success 'message in editor has initial comment: first line' '
 test_expect_success \
 	'message in editor has initial comment: remainder' '
 	# remove commented lines from the remainder -- should be empty
-	>rest.expect
-	sed -e 1d -e '/^#/d' <actual >rest.actual &&
+	>rest.expect &&
+	sed -e 1d -e "/^#/d" <actual >rest.actual &&
 	test_cmp rest.expect rest.actual
 '
 
@@ -1269,4 +1401,217 @@ test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
 	test_must_fail git tag -v -s
 '
 
+# check points-at
+
+test_expect_success '--points-at cannot be used in non-list mode' '
+	test_must_fail git tag --points-at=v4.0 foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--points-at finds lightweight tags' '
+	echo v4.0 >expect &&
+	git tag --points-at v4.0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--points-at finds annotated tags of commits' '
+	git tag -m "v4.0, annotated" annotated-v4.0 v4.0 &&
+	echo annotated-v4.0 >expect &&
+	git tag -l --points-at v4.0 "annotated*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--points-at finds annotated tags of tags' '
+	git tag -m "describing the v4.0 tag object" \
+		annotated-again-v4.0 annotated-v4.0 &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	annotated-again-v4.0
+	annotated-v4.0
+	EOF
+	git tag --points-at=annotated-v4.0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple --points-at are OR-ed together' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	v2.0
+	v3.0
+	EOF
+	git tag --points-at=v2.0 --points-at=v3.0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lexical sort' '
+	git tag foo1.3 &&
+	git tag foo1.6 &&
+	git tag foo1.10 &&
+	git tag -l --sort=refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.10
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'version sort' '
+	git tag -l --sort=version:refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reverse version sort' '
+	git tag -l --sort=-version:refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.10
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.3
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reverse lexical sort' '
+	git tag -l --sort=-refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configured lexical sort' '
+	git config tag.sort "v:refname" &&
+	git tag -l "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'option override configured sort' '
+	git tag -l --sort=-refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid sort parameter on command line' '
+	test_must_fail git tag -l --sort=notvalid "foo*" >actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid sort parameter in configuratoin' '
+	git config tag.sort "v:notvalid" &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -l "foo*"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'version sort with prerelease reordering' '
+	git config --unset tag.sort &&
+	git config versionsort.prereleaseSuffix -rc &&
+	git tag foo1.6-rc1 &&
+	git tag foo1.6-rc2 &&
+	git tag -l --sort=version:refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6-rc1
+	foo1.6-rc2
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reverse version sort with prerelease reordering' '
+	git tag -l --sort=-version:refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.10
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.6-rc2
+	foo1.6-rc1
+	foo1.3
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+run_with_limited_stack () {
+	(ulimit -s 128 && "$@")
+}
+
+test_lazy_prereq ULIMIT_STACK_SIZE 'run_with_limited_stack true'
+
+# we require ulimit, this excludes Windows
+test_expect_success ULIMIT_STACK_SIZE '--contains works in a deep repo' '
+	>expect &&
+	i=1 &&
+	while test $i -lt 8000
+	do
+		echo "commit refs/heads/master
+committer A U Thor <author@example.com> $((1000000000 + $i * 100)) +0200
+data <<EOF
+commit #$i
+EOF"
+		test $i = 1 && echo "from refs/heads/master^0"
+		i=$(($i + 1))
+	done | git fast-import &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag far-far-away HEAD^ &&
+	run_with_limited_stack git tag --contains HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--format should list tags as per format given' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refname : refs/tags/foo1.10
+	refname : refs/tags/foo1.3
+	refname : refs/tags/foo1.6
+	refname : refs/tags/foo1.6-rc1
+	refname : refs/tags/foo1.6-rc2
+	EOF
+	git tag -l --format="refname : %(refname)" "foo*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup --merged test tags' '
+	git tag mergetest-1 HEAD~2 &&
+	git tag mergetest-2 HEAD~1 &&
+	git tag mergetest-3 HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--merged cannot be used in non-list mode' '
+	test_must_fail git tag --merged=mergetest-2 foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--merged shows merged tags' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	mergetest-1
+	mergetest-2
+	EOF
+	git tag -l --merged=mergetest-2 mergetest-* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-merged show unmerged tags' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	mergetest-3
+	EOF
+	git tag -l --no-merged=mergetest-2 mergetest-* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous branch/tags not marked' '
+	git tag ambiguous &&
+	git branch ambiguous &&
+	echo ambiguous >expect &&
+	git tag -l ambiguous >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7006-pager.sh b/t/t7006-pager.sh
index ff2590849d..e4fc5c826c 100755
--- a/t/t7006-pager.sh
+++ b/t/t7006-pager.sh
@@ -37,6 +37,18 @@ test_expect_failure TTY 'pager runs from subdir' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success TTY 'LESS and LV envvars are set for pagination' '
+	(
+		sane_unset LESS LV &&
+		PAGER="env >pager-env.out; wc" &&
+		export PAGER &&
+
+		test_terminal git log
+	) &&
+	grep ^LESS= pager-env.out &&
+	grep ^LV= pager-env.out
+'
+
 test_expect_success TTY 'some commands do not use a pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out &&
 	test_terminal git rev-list HEAD &&
@@ -134,11 +146,7 @@ test_expect_success 'no color when stdout is a regular file' '
 test_expect_success TTY 'color when writing to a pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git log
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git log &&
 	colorful paginated.out
 '
 
@@ -146,11 +154,7 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'colors are suppressed by color.pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
 	test_config color.pager false &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git log
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git log &&
 	! colorful paginated.out
 '
 
@@ -169,11 +173,7 @@ test_expect_success 'color when writing to a file intended for a pager' '
 test_expect_success TTY 'colors are sent to pager for external commands' '
 	test_config alias.externallog "!git log" &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git -p externallog
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git -p externallog &&
 	colorful paginated.out
 '
 
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'command-specific pager overrides core.pager' '
 	sane_unset PAGER GIT_PAGER &&
 	echo "foo:initial" >expect &&
 	>actual &&
-	test_config core.pager "exit 1"
+	test_config core.pager "exit 1" &&
 	test_config pager.log "sed s/^/foo:/ >actual" &&
 	test_terminal git log --format=%s -1 &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'command-specific pager works for external commands' '
 	echo "foo:initial" >expect &&
 	>actual &&
 	test_config pager.external "sed s/^/foo:/ >actual" &&
-	test_terminal git --exec-path="`pwd`" external log --format=%s -1 &&
+	test_terminal git --exec-path="$(pwd)" external log --format=%s -1 &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -447,4 +447,13 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'external command pagers override sub-commands' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'command with underscores does not complain' '
+	write_script git-under_score <<-\EOF &&
+	echo ok
+	EOF
+	git --exec-path=. under_score >actual 2>&1 &&
+	echo ok >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7007-show.sh b/t/t7007-show.sh
index cce222f052..42d3db6246 100755
--- a/t/t7007-show.sh
+++ b/t/t7007-show.sh
@@ -17,4 +17,115 @@ test_expect_success 'showing a tag that point at a missing object' '
 	test_must_fail git --no-pager show foo-tag
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'set up a bit of history' '
+	test_commit main1 &&
+	test_commit main2 &&
+	test_commit main3 &&
+	git tag -m "annotated tag" annotated &&
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^^ &&
+	test_commit side2 &&
+	test_commit side3 &&
+	test_merge merge main3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing two commits' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	EOF
+	git show main2 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (linear)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show main1..main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (Y shape, ^ first)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show ^side3 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (Y shape, ^ last)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show main3 ^side3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing with -N walks' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show -2 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing annotated tag' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	tag annotated
+	commit $(git rev-parse annotated^{commit})
+	EOF
+	git show annotated >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing annotated tag plus commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	tag annotated
+	commit $(git rev-parse annotated^{commit})
+	commit $(git rev-parse side3)
+	EOF
+	git show annotated side3 >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing range' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show ^side3 annotated >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-s suppresses diff' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	merge
+	main3
+	EOF
+	git show -s --format=%s merge main3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet suppresses diff' '
+	echo main3 >expect &&
+	git show --quiet --format=%s main3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show --graph is forbidden' '
+  test_must_fail git show --graph HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh b/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
index 917a264eea..9c9c378119 100755
--- a/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
@@ -99,4 +99,82 @@ test_expect_success 'git grep y<NUL>x a' "
 	test_must_fail git grep -f f a
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'grep respects binary diff attribute' '
+	echo text >t &&
+	git add t &&
+	echo t:text >expect &&
+	git grep text t >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo "t -diff" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "Binary file t matches" >expect &&
+	git grep text t >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --cached respects binary diff attribute' '
+	git grep --cached text t >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --cached respects binary diff attribute (2)' '
+	git add .gitattributes &&
+	rm .gitattributes &&
+	git grep --cached text t >actual &&
+	test_when_finished "git rm --cached .gitattributes" &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout .gitattributes" &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep revision respects binary diff attribute' '
+	git commit -m new &&
+	echo "Binary file HEAD:t matches" >expect &&
+	git grep text HEAD -- t >actual &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset HEAD^" &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep respects not-binary diff attribute' '
+	echo binQary | q_to_nul >b &&
+	git add b &&
+	echo "Binary file b matches" >expect &&
+	git grep bin b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo "b diff" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "b:binQary" >expect &&
+	git grep bin b >actual.raw &&
+	nul_to_q <actual.raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >nul_to_q_textconv <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+"$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/\000/Q/' < "$1"
+EOF
+chmod +x nul_to_q_textconv
+
+test_expect_success 'setup textconv filters' '
+	echo a diff=foo >.gitattributes &&
+	git config diff.foo.textconv "\"$(pwd)\""/nul_to_q_textconv
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep does not honor textconv' '
+	test_must_fail git grep Qfile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --textconv honors textconv' '
+	echo "a:binaryQfile" >expect &&
+	git grep --textconv Qfile >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --no-textconv does not honor textconv' '
+	test_must_fail git grep --no-textconv Qfile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --textconv blob honors textconv' '
+	echo "HEAD:a:binaryQfile" >expect &&
+	git grep --textconv Qfile HEAD:a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh b/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c27f90f285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='filter-branch removal of trees with null sha1'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: base commits' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: a commit with a bogus null sha1 in the tree' '
+	{
+		git ls-tree HEAD &&
+		printf "160000 commit $_z40\\tbroken\\n"
+	} >broken-tree &&
+	echo "add broken entry" >msg &&
+
+	tree=$(git mktree <broken-tree) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	commit=$(git commit-tree $tree -p HEAD <msg) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD "$commit"
+'
+
+# we have to make one more commit on top removing the broken
+# entry, since otherwise our index does not match HEAD (and filter-branch will
+# complain). We could make the index match HEAD, but doing so would involve
+# writing a null sha1 into the index.
+test_expect_success 'setup: bring HEAD and index in sync' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "back to normal"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter commands are still checked' '
+	test_must_fail git filter-branch \
+		--force --prune-empty \
+		--index-filter "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch three.t"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'removing the broken entry works' '
+	echo three >expect &&
+	git filter-branch \
+		--force --prune-empty \
+		--index-filter "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch broken" &&
+	git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
index 8f3b54d826..88d60c1ce2 100755
--- a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
+++ b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index --remove' '
 	test_cmp expected 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_absent &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_dirty &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
diff --git a/t/t7030-verify-tag.sh b/t/t7030-verify-tag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..07079a41c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7030-verify-tag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='signed tag tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'create signed tags' '
+	echo 1 >file && git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag -s -m initial initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+
+	echo 2 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m second &&
+	git tag -s -m second second &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo 3 >elif && git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "third on side" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge -S side &&
+	git tag -s -m merge merge &&
+
+	echo 4 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -S -m "fourth unsigned" &&
+	git tag -a -m fourth-unsigned fourth-unsigned &&
+
+	test_tick && git commit --amend -S -m "fourth signed" &&
+	git tag -s -m fourth fourth-signed &&
+
+	echo 5 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "fifth" &&
+	git tag fifth-unsigned &&
+
+	git config commit.gpgsign true &&
+	echo 6 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "sixth" &&
+	git tag -a -m sixth sixth-unsigned &&
+
+	test_tick && git rebase -f HEAD^^ && git tag -s -m 6th sixth-signed HEAD^ &&
+	git tag -m seventh -s seventh-signed &&
+
+	echo 8 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m eighth &&
+	git tag -uB7227189 -m eighth eighth-signed-alt
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verify and show signatures' '
+	(
+		for tag in initial second merge fourth-signed sixth-signed seventh-signed
+		do
+			git verify-tag $tag 2>actual &&
+			grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			echo $tag OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for tag in fourth-unsigned fifth-unsigned sixth-unsigned
+		do
+			test_must_fail git verify-tag $tag 2>actual &&
+			! grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			echo $tag OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for tag in eighth-signed-alt
+		do
+			git verify-tag $tag 2>actual &&
+			grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			grep "not certified" actual &&
+			echo $tag OK || exit 1
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'detect fudged signature' '
+	git cat-file tag seventh-signed >raw &&
+	sed -e "s/seventh/7th forged/" raw >forged1 &&
+	git hash-object -w -t tag forged1 >forged1.tag &&
+	test_must_fail git verify-tag $(cat forged1.tag) 2>actual1 &&
+	grep "BAD signature from" actual1 &&
+	! grep "Good signature from" actual1
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verify signatures with --raw' '
+	(
+		for tag in initial second merge fourth-signed sixth-signed seventh-signed
+		do
+			git verify-tag --raw $tag 2>actual &&
+			grep "GOODSIG" actual &&
+			! grep "BADSIG" actual &&
+			echo $tag OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for tag in fourth-unsigned fifth-unsigned sixth-unsigned
+		do
+			test_must_fail git verify-tag --raw $tag 2>actual &&
+			! grep "GOODSIG" actual &&
+			! grep "BADSIG" actual &&
+			echo $tag OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for tag in eighth-signed-alt
+		do
+			git verify-tag --raw $tag 2>actual &&
+			grep "GOODSIG" actual &&
+			! grep "BADSIG" actual &&
+			grep "TRUST_UNDEFINED" actual &&
+			echo $tag OK || exit 1
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verify multiple tags' '
+	tags="fourth-signed sixth-signed seventh-signed" &&
+	for i in $tags
+	do
+		git verify-tag -v --raw $i || return 1
+	done >expect.stdout 2>expect.stderr.1 &&
+	grep "^.GNUPG:." <expect.stderr.1 >expect.stderr &&
+	git verify-tag -v --raw $tags >actual.stdout 2>actual.stderr.1 &&
+	grep "^.GNUPG:." <actual.stderr.1 >actual.stderr &&
+	test_cmp expect.stdout actual.stdout &&
+	test_cmp expect.stderr actual.stderr
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
index b8cb4906aa..44bf1d84af 100755
--- a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
+++ b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ test_description='basic work tree status reporting'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	test_commit A &&
 	test_commit B oneside added &&
 	git checkout A^0 &&
@@ -28,17 +29,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Report new path with conflict' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch side
-# Unmerged paths:
-#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
-#
-#	deleted by us:      foo
-#
+test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch side
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	deleted by us:   foo
+
 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
 	mkdir mdconflict &&
 	(
 		cd mdconflict &&
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached -M shows 2 added + 1 unmerged' '
 	A	THREE
 	A	TWO
 	EOF
-	git diff-index --cached --name-status HEAD >actual &&
+	git diff-index --cached -M --name-status HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -118,4 +121,111 @@ test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached -C shows 2 copies + 1 unmerged' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (deleted by them)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit init main.txt init &&
+	git checkout -b second_branch &&
+	git rm main.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt deleted on second_branch" &&
+	test_commit second conflict.txt second &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit on_second main.txt on_second &&
+	test_commit master conflict.txt master &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second_branch &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	both added:      conflict.txt
+	deleted by them: main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b conflict &&
+	test_commit one main.txt one &&
+	git branch conflict_second &&
+	git mv main.txt sub_master.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt renamed in sub_master.txt" &&
+	git checkout conflict_second &&
+	git mv main.txt sub_second.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt renamed in sub_second.txt"
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (both deleted)' '
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflict_second
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	both deleted:    main.txt
+	added by them:   sub_master.txt
+	added by us:     sub_second.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with only rm advice (both deleted)' '
+	git reset --hard conflict_second &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
+	git add sub_master.txt &&
+	git add sub_second.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflict_second
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	new file:   sub_master.txt
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git rm <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both deleted:    main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status --branch with detached HEAD' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git status --branch --porcelain >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	## HEAD (no branch)
+	?? .gitconfig
+	?? actual
+	?? expect
+	?? expected
+	?? mdconflict/
+	EOF
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..cdc0747bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status ignored files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	echo "ignored" >.gitignore &&
+	mkdir untracked &&
+	: >untracked/ignored &&
+	: >untracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same with gitignore starting with BOM' '
+	printf "\357\273\277ignored\n" >.gitignore &&
+	mkdir -p untracked &&
+	: >untracked/ignored &&
+	: >untracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked sub-directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked &&
+	mkdir ignored &&
+	: >ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored/test &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore' '
+	: >untracked-ignored/ignored &&
+	: >untracked-ignored/test/ignored &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/ignored
+!! untracked-ignored/test/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir tracked &&
+	: >tracked/committed &&
+	git add tracked/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore' '
+	echo "committed" >>.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore' '
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	: >tracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf tracked/uncommitted &&
+	mkdir tracked/ignored &&
+	: >tracked/ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	: >tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git add -f tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..73709dbeee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status with core.ignorecase=true'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'status with hash collisions' '
+	# note: "V/", "V/XQANY/" and "WURZAUP/" produce the same hash code
+	# in name-hash.c::hash_name
+	mkdir V &&
+	mkdir V/XQANY &&
+	mkdir WURZAUP &&
+	touch V/XQANY/test &&
+	git config core.ignorecase true &&
+	git add . &&
+	# test is successful if git status completes (no endless loop)
+	git status
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh b/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a971884cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test untracked cache'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+avoid_racy() {
+	sleep 1
+}
+
+test_lazy_prereq UNTRACKED_CACHE '
+	{ git update-index --test-untracked-cache; ret=$?; } &&
+	test $ret -ne 1
+'
+
+if ! test_have_prereq UNTRACKED_CACHE; then
+	skip_all='This system does not support untracked cache'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'core.untrackedCache is unset' '
+	test_must_fail git config --get core.untrackedCache
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git init worktree &&
+	cd worktree &&
+	mkdir done dtwo dthree &&
+	touch one two three done/one dtwo/two dthree/three &&
+	git add one two done/one &&
+	: >.git/info/exclude &&
+	git update-index --untracked-cache
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'untracked cache is empty' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect-empty <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect-empty ../actual
+'
+
+cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+A  done/one
+A  one
+A  two
+?? dthree/
+?? dtwo/
+?? three
+EOF
+
+cat >../dump.expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+dthree/
+dtwo/
+three
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+three
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status first time (empty cache)' '
+	avoid_racy &&
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 3
+gitignore invalidation: 1
+directory invalidation: 0
+opendir: 4
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'untracked cache after first status' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../dump.expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status second time (fully populated cache)' '
+	avoid_racy &&
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 0
+directory invalidation: 0
+opendir: 0
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'untracked cache after second status' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../dump.expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'modify in root directory, one dir invalidation' '
+	avoid_racy &&
+	: >four &&
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+A  done/one
+A  one
+A  two
+?? dthree/
+?? dtwo/
+?? four
+?? three
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 0
+directory invalidation: 1
+opendir: 1
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+dthree/
+dtwo/
+four
+three
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+three
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new .gitignore invalidates recursively' '
+	avoid_racy &&
+	echo four >.gitignore &&
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+A  done/one
+A  one
+A  two
+?? .gitignore
+?? dthree/
+?? dtwo/
+?? three
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 1
+directory invalidation: 1
+opendir: 4
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+.gitignore
+dthree/
+dtwo/
+three
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+three
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new info/exclude invalidates everything' '
+	avoid_racy &&
+	echo three >>.git/info/exclude &&
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+A  done/one
+A  one
+A  two
+?? .gitignore
+?? dtwo/
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 1
+directory invalidation: 0
+opendir: 4
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+.gitignore
+dtwo/
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'move two from tracked to untracked' '
+	git rm --cached two &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status after the move' '
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+A  done/one
+A  one
+?? .gitignore
+?? dtwo/
+?? two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 0
+directory invalidation: 0
+opendir: 1
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+.gitignore
+dtwo/
+two
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'move two from untracked to tracked' '
+	git add two &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status after the move' '
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+A  done/one
+A  one
+A  two
+?? .gitignore
+?? dtwo/
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 0
+directory invalidation: 0
+opendir: 1
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+.gitignore
+dtwo/
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up for sparse checkout testing' '
+	echo two >done/.gitignore &&
+	echo three >>done/.gitignore &&
+	echo two >done/two &&
+	git add -f done/two done/.gitignore &&
+	git commit -m "first commit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status after commit' '
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+?? .gitignore
+?? dtwo/
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 0
+directory invalidation: 0
+opendir: 2
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'untracked cache correct after commit' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+.gitignore
+dtwo/
+/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up sparse checkout' '
+	echo "done/[a-z]*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	test_config core.sparsecheckout true &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git update-index --force-untracked-cache &&
+	git status --porcelain >/dev/null && # prime the cache
+	test_path_is_missing done/.gitignore &&
+	test_path_is_file done/one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create/modify files, some of which are gitignored' '
+	echo two bis >done/two &&
+	echo three >done/three && # three is gitignored
+	echo four >done/four && # four is gitignored at a higher level
+	echo five >done/five && # five is not gitignored
+	echo test >base && #we need to ensure that the root dir is touched
+	rm base
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test sparse status with untracked cache' '
+	: >../trace &&
+	avoid_racy &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../status.actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+ M done/two
+?? .gitignore
+?? done/five
+?? dtwo/
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../status.actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 1
+directory invalidation: 2
+opendir: 2
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'untracked cache correct after status' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+.gitignore
+dtwo/
+/done/ 1946f0437f90c5005533cbe1736a6451ca301714 recurse valid
+five
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test sparse status again with untracked cache' '
+	avoid_racy &&
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../status.actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+ M done/two
+?? .gitignore
+?? done/five
+?? dtwo/
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../status.actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 0
+directory invalidation: 0
+opendir: 0
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up for test of subdir and sparse checkouts' '
+	mkdir done/sub &&
+	mkdir done/sub/sub &&
+	echo "sub" > done/sub/sub/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test sparse status with untracked cache and subdir' '
+	avoid_racy &&
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../status.actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+ M done/two
+?? .gitignore
+?? done/five
+?? done/sub/
+?? dtwo/
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../status.actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 2
+gitignore invalidation: 0
+directory invalidation: 1
+opendir: 3
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump (sparse/subdirs)' '
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	cat >../expect-from-test-dump <<EOF &&
+info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+exclude_per_dir .gitignore
+flags 00000006
+/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+.gitignore
+dtwo/
+/done/ 1946f0437f90c5005533cbe1736a6451ca301714 recurse valid
+five
+sub/
+/done/sub/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+sub/
+/done/sub/sub/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+file
+/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../expect-from-test-dump ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test sparse status again with untracked cache and subdir' '
+	avoid_racy &&
+	: >../trace &&
+	GIT_TRACE_UNTRACKED_STATS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" \
+	git status --porcelain >../status.actual &&
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../status.actual &&
+	cat >../trace.expect <<EOF &&
+node creation: 0
+gitignore invalidation: 0
+directory invalidation: 0
+opendir: 0
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../trace.expect ../trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'move entry in subdir from untracked to cached' '
+	git add dtwo/two &&
+	git status --porcelain >../status.actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+ M done/two
+A  dtwo/two
+?? .gitignore
+?? done/five
+?? done/sub/
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../status.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'move entry in subdir from cached to untracked' '
+	git rm --cached dtwo/two &&
+	git status --porcelain >../status.actual &&
+	cat >../status.expect <<EOF &&
+ M done/two
+?? .gitignore
+?? done/five
+?? done/sub/
+?? dtwo/
+EOF
+	test_cmp ../status.expect ../status.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-untracked-cache removes the cache' '
+	git update-index --no-untracked-cache &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	echo "no untracked cache" >../expect-no-uc &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-no-uc ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git status does not change anything' '
+	git status &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-no-uc ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting core.untrackedCache to true and using git status creates the cache' '
+	git config core.untrackedCache true &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-no-uc ../actual &&
+	git status &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-from-test-dump ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using --no-untracked-cache does not fail when core.untrackedCache is true' '
+	git update-index --no-untracked-cache &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-no-uc ../actual &&
+	git update-index --untracked-cache &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-empty ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting core.untrackedCache to false and using git status removes the cache' '
+	git config core.untrackedCache false &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-empty ../actual &&
+	git status &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-no-uc ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using --untracked-cache does not fail when core.untrackedCache is false' '
+	git update-index --untracked-cache &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-empty ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting core.untrackedCache to keep' '
+	git config core.untrackedCache keep &&
+	git update-index --untracked-cache &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-empty ../actual &&
+	git status &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-from-test-dump ../actual &&
+	git update-index --no-untracked-cache &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-no-uc ../actual &&
+	git update-index --force-untracked-cache &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-empty ../actual &&
+	git status &&
+	test-dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
+	test_cmp ../expect-from-test-dump ../actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test ident field is working' '
+	mkdir ../other_worktree &&
+	cp -R done dthree dtwo four three ../other_worktree &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=../other_worktree git status 2>../err &&
+	echo "warning: Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location." >../expect &&
+	test_cmp ../expect ../err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7101-reset.sh b/t/t7101-reset-empty-subdirs.sh
index 96e163f084..96e163f084 100755
--- a/t/t7101-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7101-reset-empty-subdirs.sh
diff --git a/t/t7102-reset.sh b/t/t7102-reset.sh
index b096dc88c2..98bcfe21aa 100755
--- a/t/t7102-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7102-reset.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,22 @@ Documented tests for git reset'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg () {
+	# String "modify 2nd file (changed)" partly in German
+	# (translated with Google Translate),
+	# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+	msg="modify 2nd file (ge\303\244ndert)\n"
+	if test -n "$1"
+	then
+		printf "$msg" | iconv -f utf-8 -t "$1"
+	else
+		printf "$msg"
+	fi
+}
+
+# Tested non-UTF-8 encoding
+test_encoding="ISO8859-1"
+
 test_expect_success 'creating initial files and commits' '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo "1st file" >first &&
@@ -28,7 +44,10 @@ test_expect_success 'creating initial files and commits' '
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file"
+	# "git commit -m" would break MinGW, as Windows refuse to pass
+	# $test_encoding encoded parameter to git.
+	commit_msg $test_encoding | git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=$test_encoding" commit -a -F - &&
+	head5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 '
 # git log --pretty=oneline # to see those SHA1 involved
 
@@ -43,6 +62,20 @@ check_changes () {
 	done | test_cmp .cat_expect -
 }
 
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard message' '
+	hex=$(git log -1 --format="%h") &&
+	git reset --hard > .actual &&
+	echo HEAD is now at $hex $(commit_msg) > .expected &&
+	test_cmp .expected .actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard message (ISO8859-1 logoutputencoding)' '
+	hex=$(git log -1 --format="%h") &&
+	git -c "i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding" reset --hard > .actual &&
+	echo HEAD is now at $hex $(commit_msg $test_encoding) > .expected &&
+	test_cmp .expected .actual
+'
+
 >.diff_expect
 >.cached_expect
 cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
@@ -56,7 +89,7 @@ test_expect_success 'giving a non existing revision should fail' '
 	test_must_fail git reset --mixed aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard aaaaaa &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --soft with unmerged index should fail' '
@@ -74,7 +107,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft HEAD^ -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard HEAD^ -- first &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
@@ -86,7 +119,7 @@ test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft -o &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard --other &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -o &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -110,7 +143,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -133,27 +166,27 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch3 branch4 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'resetting to HEAD with no changes should succeed and do nothing' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+		check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -176,7 +209,7 @@ test_expect_success '--soft reset only should show changes in diff --cached' '
 	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
 	check_changes d1a4bc3abce4829628ae2dcb0d60ef3d1a78b1c4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -191,9 +224,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'changing files and redo the last commit should succeed' '
 	echo "3rd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -C ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d &&
+	head4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	check_changes $head4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -210,7 +244,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
 	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d
+			$head4
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -302,8 +336,10 @@ test_expect_success 'redoing the last two commits should succeed' '
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file" &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	# "git commit -m" would break MinGW, as Windows refuse to pass
+	# $test_encoding encoded parameter to git.
+	commit_msg $test_encoding | git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=$test_encoding" commit -a -F - &&
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -325,10 +361,11 @@ test_expect_success '--hard reset to HEAD should clear a failed merge' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
 	echo "3rd line in branch2" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -m "change in branch2" &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	test_must_fail git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	check_changes 77abb337073fb4369a7ad69ff6f5ec0e4d6b54bb
+	check_changes $head3
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -341,15 +378,15 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
 	'--hard reset to ORIG_HEAD should clear a fast-forward merge' '
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -388,7 +425,8 @@ test_expect_success 'test --mixed <paths>' '
 	echo 4 > file4 &&
 	echo 5 > file1 &&
 	git add file1 file3 file4 &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff > output &&
 	test_cmp output expect &&
 	git diff --cached > output &&
@@ -402,7 +440,8 @@ test_expect_success 'test resetting the index at give paths' '
 	>sub/file2 &&
 	git update-index --add sub/file1 sub/file2 &&
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	U=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo "$T" &&
 	echo "$U" &&
@@ -440,7 +479,8 @@ test_expect_success 'resetting specific path that is unmerged' '
 		echo "100644 $F3 3	file2"
 	} | git update-index --index-info &&
 	git ls-files -u &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
 '
 
@@ -449,10 +489,11 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (1)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset secondfile &&
+	git reset secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet -- secondfile &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test -f secondfile &&
-	test ! -s secondfile
+	test_must_be_empty secondfile
 
 '
 
@@ -474,7 +515,8 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (3)' '
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 
@@ -486,9 +528,44 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (4)' '
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset -- secondfile &&
+	git reset -- secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reset with paths accepts tree' '
+	# for simpler tests, drop last commit containing added files
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reset HEAD^^{tree} -- . &&
+	git diff --cached HEAD^ --exit-code &&
+	git diff HEAD --exit-code
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset -N keeps removed files as intent-to-add' '
+	echo new-file >new-file &&
+	git add new-file &&
+	git reset -N HEAD &&
+
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git ls-tree $tree new-file >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git diff --name-only >actual &&
+	echo new-file >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --mixed sets up work tree' '
+	git init mixed_worktree &&
+	(
+		cd mixed_worktree &&
+		test_commit dummy
+	) &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=mixed_worktree/.git --work-tree=mixed_worktree reset >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7103-reset-bare.sh b/t/t7103-reset-bare.sh
index 1eef93c2b2..afe36a533c 100755
--- a/t/t7103-reset-bare.sh
+++ b/t/t7103-reset-bare.sh
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success '"mixed" reset is not allowed in bare' '
 
 test_expect_success '"soft" reset is allowed in bare' '
 	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
-	test "`git show --pretty=format:%s | head -n 1`" = "one"
+	test "$(git show --pretty=format:%s | head -n 1)" = "one"
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7104-reset.sh b/t/t7104-reset-hard.sh
index f136ee7bb5..16faa07813 100755
--- a/t/t7104-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7104-reset-hard.sh
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ test_expect_success 'reset --hard should restore unmerged ones' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'reset --hard did not corrupt index nor cached-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard did not corrupt index or cached-tree' '
 
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
 	rm -f .git/index &&
diff --git a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
index 95fab20361..98b7d7b969 100755
--- a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
@@ -25,15 +25,17 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'saying "n" does nothing' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git reset -p' '
-	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p &&
+	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p >output &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
-	verify_saved_state bar
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Unstage" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git reset -p HEAD^' '
-	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p HEAD^ &&
+	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p HEAD^ >output &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work parent &&
-	verify_saved_state bar
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Apply" output
 '
 
 # The idea in the rest is that bar sorts first, so we always say 'y'
diff --git a/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0f95f00477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git reset should work on unborn branch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo b >b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset' '
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset HEAD' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset $file' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset a &&
+
+	echo b >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'reset -p' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	echo y >yes &&
+	git reset -p <yes >output &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Unstage" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --soft is a no-op' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	git reset --soft &&
+
+	echo a >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	test_when_finished "echo a >a" &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing a
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7112-reset-submodule.sh b/t/t7112-reset-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2eda6adeb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7112-reset-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='reset can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+test_submodule_switch "git reset --keep"
+
+test_submodule_switch "git reset --merge"
+
+test_submodule_forced_switch "git reset --hard"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7201-co.sh b/t/t7201-co.sh
index 07fb53adcb..885923610a 100755
--- a/t/t7201-co.sh
+++ b/t/t7201-co.sh
@@ -88,14 +88,10 @@ test_expect_success "checkout with unrelated dirty tree without -m" '
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	fill 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >same &&
-	cp same kept
+	cp same kept &&
 	git checkout side >messages &&
-	test_cmp same kept
-	(cat > messages.expect <<EOF
-M	same
-EOF
-) &&
-	touch messages.expect &&
+	test_cmp same kept &&
+	printf "M\t%s\n" same >messages.expect &&
 	test_cmp messages.expect messages
 '
 
@@ -109,10 +105,7 @@ test_expect_success "checkout -m with dirty tree" '
 
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "refs/heads/side" &&
 
-	(cat >expect.messages <<EOF
-M	one
-EOF
-) &&
+	printf "M\t%s\n" one >expect.messages &&
 	test_cmp expect.messages messages &&
 
 	fill "M	one" "A	three" "D	two" >expect.master &&
@@ -223,13 +216,30 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout --merge --conflict=diff3 <branch>' '
 	test_cmp two expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'switch to another branch while carrying a deletion' '
+
+	git checkout -f master && git reset --hard && git clean -f &&
+	git rm two &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout simple 2>errs &&
+	test_i18ngrep overwritten errs &&
+
+	git checkout --merge simple 2>errs &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! overwritten errs &&
+	git ls-files -u &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -t :0:two &&
+	test "$(git cat-file -t :1:two)" = blob &&
+	test "$(git cat-file -t :2:two)" = blob &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -t :3:two
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD (with advice declined)' '
 
 	git config advice.detachedHead false &&
 	git checkout -f renamer && git clean -f &&
 	git checkout renamer^ 2>messages &&
 	test_i18ngrep "HEAD is now at 7329388" messages &&
-	test 1 -eq $(wc -l <messages) &&
+	test_line_count = 1 messages &&
 	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
@@ -247,7 +257,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD' '
 	git checkout -f renamer && git clean -f &&
 	git checkout renamer^ 2>messages &&
 	test_i18ngrep "HEAD is now at 7329388" messages &&
-	test 1 -lt $(wc -l <messages) &&
+	test_line_count -gt 1 messages &&
 	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
@@ -392,12 +402,12 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'checkout w/autosetupmerge=always sets up tracking' '
+    test_when_finished git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
     git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
     git checkout master &&
     git checkout -b track2 &&
     test "$(git config branch.track2.remote)" &&
-    test "$(git config branch.track2.merge)"
-    git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
+    test "$(git config branch.track2.merge)"'
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout w/--track from non-branch HEAD fails' '
     git checkout master^0 &&
@@ -431,6 +441,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detach a symbolic link HEAD' '
 
 test_expect_success \
     'checkout with --track fakes a sensible -b <name>' '
+    git config remote.origin.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
     git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/koala/bear renamer &&
 
     git checkout --track origin/koala/bear &&
@@ -573,7 +584,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout --conflict=merge, overriding config' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout --conflict=diff3' '
-	git config --unset merge.conflictstyle
+	test_unconfig merge.conflictstyle &&
 	setup_conflicting_index &&
 	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
 	echo ourside >expect &&
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
index 800b5368a5..b89fd2a6ad 100755
--- a/t/t7300-clean.sh
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -119,10 +119,7 @@ test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'git clean with relative prefix' '
 		git clean -n ../src |
 		sed -n -e "s|^Would remove ||p"
 	) &&
-	test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c || {
-		echo "OOps <$would_clean>"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c
 '
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'git clean with absolute path' '
@@ -134,10 +131,7 @@ test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'git clean with absolute path' '
 		git clean -n "$(pwd)/../src" |
 		sed -n -e "s|^Would remove ||p"
 	) &&
-	test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c || {
-		echo "OOps <$would_clean>"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git clean with out of work tree relative path' '
@@ -298,6 +292,23 @@ test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -x -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -d docs &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git clean -X' '
 
 	mkdir -p build docs &&
@@ -332,6 +343,23 @@ test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -X -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce defaults to true' '
 
 	git config --unset clean.requireForce &&
@@ -392,49 +420,198 @@ test_expect_success SANITY 'removal failure' '
 
 	mkdir foo &&
 	touch foo/bar &&
+	test_when_finished "chmod 755 foo" &&
 	(exec <foo/bar &&
 	 chmod 0 foo &&
-	 test_must_fail git clean -f -d &&
-	 chmod 755 foo)
+	 test_must_fail git clean -f -d)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nested git work tree' '
-	rm -fr foo bar &&
-	mkdir foo bar &&
+	rm -fr foo bar baz &&
+	mkdir -p foo bar baz/boo &&
 	(
 		cd foo &&
 		git init &&
-		>hello.world
-		git add . &&
-		git commit -a -m nested
+		test_commit nested hello.world
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd bar &&
 		>goodbye.people
 	) &&
+	(
+		cd baz/boo &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit deeply.nested deeper.world
+	) &&
 	git clean -f -d &&
 	test -f foo/.git/index &&
 	test -f foo/hello.world &&
+	test -f baz/boo/.git/index &&
+	test -f baz/boo/deeper.world &&
 	! test -d bar
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'should clean things that almost look like git but are not' '
+	rm -fr almost_git almost_bare_git almost_submodule &&
+	mkdir -p almost_git/.git/objects &&
+	mkdir -p almost_git/.git/refs &&
+	cat >almost_git/.git/HEAD <<-\EOF &&
+	garbage
+	EOF
+	cp -r almost_git/.git/ almost_bare_git &&
+	mkdir almost_submodule/ &&
+	cat >almost_submodule/.git <<-\EOF &&
+	garbage
+	EOF
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf almost_*" &&
+	git clean -f -d &&
+	test_path_is_missing almost_git &&
+	test_path_is_missing almost_bare_git &&
+	test_path_is_missing almost_submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'should not clean submodules' '
+	rm -fr repo to_clean sub1 sub2 &&
+	mkdir repo to_clean &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit msg hello.world
+	) &&
+	git submodule add ./repo/.git sub1 &&
+	git commit -m "sub1" &&
+	git branch before_sub2 &&
+	git submodule add ./repo/.git sub2 &&
+	git commit -m "sub2" &&
+	git checkout before_sub2 &&
+	>to_clean/should_clean.this &&
+	git clean -f -d &&
+	test_path_is_file repo/.git/index &&
+	test_path_is_file repo/hello.world &&
+	test_path_is_file sub1/.git &&
+	test_path_is_file sub1/hello.world &&
+	test_path_is_file sub2/.git &&
+	test_path_is_file sub2/hello.world &&
+	test_path_is_missing to_clean
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'should avoid cleaning possible submodules' '
+	rm -fr to_clean possible_sub1 &&
+	mkdir to_clean possible_sub1 &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf possible_sub*" &&
+	echo "gitdir: foo" >possible_sub1/.git &&
+	>possible_sub1/hello.world &&
+	chmod 0 possible_sub1/.git &&
+	>to_clean/should_clean.this &&
+	git clean -f -d &&
+	test_path_is_file possible_sub1/.git &&
+	test_path_is_file possible_sub1/hello.world &&
+	test_path_is_missing to_clean
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'nested (empty) git should be kept' '
+	rm -fr empty_repo to_clean &&
+	git init empty_repo &&
+	mkdir to_clean &&
+	>to_clean/should_clean.this &&
+	git clean -f -d &&
+	test_path_is_file empty_repo/.git/HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_missing to_clean
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'nested bare repositories should be cleaned' '
+	rm -fr bare1 bare2 subdir &&
+	git init --bare bare1 &&
+	git clone --local --bare . bare2 &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	cp -r bare2 subdir/bare3 &&
+	git clean -f -d &&
+	test_path_is_missing bare1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing bare2 &&
+	test_path_is_missing subdir
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'nested (empty) bare repositories should be cleaned even when in .git' '
+	rm -fr strange_bare &&
+	mkdir strange_bare &&
+	git init --bare strange_bare/.git &&
+	git clean -f -d &&
+	test_path_is_missing strange_bare
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'nested (non-empty) bare repositories should be cleaned even when in .git' '
+	rm -fr strange_bare &&
+	mkdir strange_bare &&
+	git clone --local --bare . strange_bare/.git &&
+	git clean -f -d &&
+	test_path_is_missing strange_bare
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'giving path in nested git work tree will remove it' '
+	rm -fr repo &&
+	mkdir repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		git init &&
+		mkdir -p bar/baz &&
+		test_commit msg bar/baz/hello.world
+	) &&
+	git clean -f -d repo/bar/baz &&
+	test_path_is_file repo/.git/HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_dir repo/bar/ &&
+	test_path_is_missing repo/bar/baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'giving path to nested .git will not remove it' '
+	rm -fr repo &&
+	mkdir repo untracked &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit msg hello.world
+	) &&
+	git clean -f -d repo/.git &&
+	test_path_is_file repo/.git/HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_dir repo/.git/refs &&
+	test_path_is_dir repo/.git/objects &&
+	test_path_is_dir untracked/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'giving path to nested .git/ will remove contents' '
+	rm -fr repo untracked &&
+	mkdir repo untracked &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit msg hello.world
+	) &&
+	git clean -f -d repo/.git/ &&
+	test_path_is_dir repo/.git &&
+	test_dir_is_empty repo/.git &&
+	test_path_is_dir untracked/
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'force removal of nested git work tree' '
-	rm -fr foo bar &&
-	mkdir foo bar &&
+	rm -fr foo bar baz &&
+	mkdir -p foo bar baz/boo &&
 	(
 		cd foo &&
 		git init &&
-		>hello.world
-		git add . &&
-		git commit -a -m nested
+		test_commit nested hello.world
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd bar &&
 		>goodbye.people
 	) &&
+	(
+		cd baz/boo &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit deeply.nested deeper.world
+	) &&
 	git clean -f -f -d &&
 	! test -d foo &&
-	! test -d bar
+	! test -d bar &&
+	! test -d baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git clean -e' '
@@ -460,4 +637,20 @@ test_expect_success SANITY 'git clean -d with an unreadable empty directory' '
 	! test -d foo
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d respects pathspecs (dir is prefix of pathspec)' '
+	mkdir -p foo &&
+	mkdir -p foobar &&
+	git clean -df foobar &&
+	test_path_is_dir foo &&
+	test_path_is_missing foobar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d respects pathspecs (pathspec is prefix of dir)' '
+	mkdir -p foo &&
+	mkdir -p foobar &&
+	git clean -df foo &&
+	test_path_is_missing foo &&
+	test_path_is_dir foobar
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh b/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3ae394e934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git clean -i basic tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	mkdir -p src &&
+	touch src/part1.c Makefile &&
+	echo build >.gitignore &&
+	echo \*.o >>.gitignore &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m setup &&
+	touch src/part2.c README &&
+	git add .
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (c: clean hotkey)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo c | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (cl: clean prefix)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo cl | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (quit)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo quit | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (Ctrl+D)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo "\04" | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter all)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "*"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter patterns)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "part3.* *.out"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter patterns 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "* !*.out"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - all)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo "*"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - none)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 3; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 2 3; echo 5; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number 3)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 3,4 5; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - filenames)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out foo.txt bar.txt baz.txt &&
+	(echo s; echo a.out fo ba bar; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f foo.txt &&
+	test ! -f bar.txt &&
+	test -f baz.txt &&
+	rm baz.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - range)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 1,3-4; echo 2; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - range 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 4- 1; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (inverse select)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo "*"; echo -5- 1 -2; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (ask)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo a; echo Y; echo y; echo no; echo yes; echo bad; echo) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (ask - Ctrl+D)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo a; echo Y; echo no; echo yes; echo "\04") | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (filter)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo f; echo "docs"; echo "*.h"; echo ; echo c) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (select by name)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo s; echo "../docs/"; echo "../src/part3.c"; \
+	  echo "../src/part4.c";  echo; echo c) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (ask)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo a; echo Y; echo y; echo no; echo yes; echo bad; echo) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
index 695f7afdf3..3570f7bb8c 100755
--- a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ subcommands of git submodule.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit works on empty repository' '
+	git submodule deinit --all
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - initial commit' '
 	>t &&
 	git add t &&
@@ -18,6 +22,32 @@ test_expect_success 'setup - initial commit' '
 	git branch initial
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule init aborts on missing .gitmodules file' '
+	test_when_finished "git update-index --remove sub" &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000,$(git rev-parse HEAD),sub &&
+	# missing the .gitmodules file here
+	test_must_fail git submodule init 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "No url found for submodule path" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update aborts on missing .gitmodules file' '
+	test_when_finished "git update-index --remove sub" &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000,$(git rev-parse HEAD),sub &&
+	# missing the .gitmodules file here
+	git submodule update sub 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule path .sub. not initialized" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configuration parsing' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .gitmodules" &&
+	cat >.gitmodules <<-\EOF &&
+	[submodule "s"]
+		path
+		ignore
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git status
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - repository in init subdirectory' '
 	mkdir init &&
 	(
@@ -78,7 +108,16 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add' '
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -q "$submodurl" submod >actual &&
-		test ! -s actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
+		(
+			cd submod &&
+			git config core.worktree >actual &&
+			echo "../../../submod" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			rm -f actual expect
+		) &&
 		git submodule init
 	) &&
 
@@ -124,6 +163,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add --branch' '
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -b initial "$submodurl" submod-branch &&
+		test "initial" = "$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submod-branch.branch)" &&
 		git submodule init
 	) &&
 
@@ -151,6 +191,23 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add with ./ in path' '
 	test_cmp empty untracked
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with /././ in path' '
+	echo "refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+	>empty &&
+
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" dotslashdotsubmod/././frotz/./ &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
+
+	rm -f heads head untracked &&
+	inspect addtest/dotslashdotsubmod/frotz ../../.. &&
+	test_cmp expect heads &&
+	test_cmp expect head &&
+	test_cmp empty untracked
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule add with // in path' '
 	echo "refs/heads/master" >expect &&
 	>empty &&
@@ -202,9 +259,34 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add with ./, /.. and // in path' '
 	test_cmp empty untracked
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add in subdirectory' '
+	echo "refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+	>empty &&
+
+	mkdir addtest/sub &&
+	(
+		cd addtest/sub &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" ../realsubmod3 &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
+
+	rm -f heads head untracked &&
+	inspect addtest/realsubmod3 ../.. &&
+	test_cmp expect heads &&
+	test_cmp expect head &&
+	test_cmp empty untracked
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add in subdirectory with relative path should fail' '
+	(
+		cd addtest/sub &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add ../../ submod3 2>../../output.err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep toplevel output.err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - add an example entry to .gitmodules' '
-	GIT_CONFIG=.gitmodules \
-	git config submodule.example.url git://example.com/init.git
+	git config --file=.gitmodules submodule.example.url git://example.com/init.git
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status should fail for unmapped paths' '
@@ -218,14 +300,14 @@ test_expect_success 'setup - map path in .gitmodules' '
 	path = init
 EOF
 
-	GIT_CONFIG=.gitmodules git config submodule.example.path init &&
+	git config --file=.gitmodules submodule.example.path init &&
 
 	test_cmp expect .gitmodules
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status should only print one line' '
 	git submodule status >lines &&
-	test $(wc -l <lines) = 1
+	test_line_count = 1 lines
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup - fetch commit name from submodule' '
@@ -249,6 +331,27 @@ test_expect_success 'init should register submodule url in .git/config' '
 	test_cmp expect url
 '
 
+test_failure_with_unknown_submodule () {
+	test_must_fail git submodule $1 no-such-submodule 2>output.err &&
+	grep "^error: .*no-such-submodule" output.err
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'init should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule update
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule status
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule sync
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'update should fail when path is used by a file' '
 	echo hello >expect &&
 
@@ -277,7 +380,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update should work when path is an empty dir' '
 
 	mkdir init &&
 	git submodule update -q >update.out &&
-	test ! -s update.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty update.out &&
 
 	inspect init &&
 	test_cmp expect head-sha1
@@ -288,6 +391,26 @@ test_expect_success 'status should be "up-to-date" after update' '
 	grep "^ $rev1" list
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status "up-to-date" from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule status >../list
+	) &&
+	grep "^ $rev1" list &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status "up-to-date" from subdirectory with path' '
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule status ../init >../list
+	) &&
+	grep "^ $rev1" list &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" list
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'status should be "modified" after submodule commit' '
 	(
 		cd init &&
@@ -359,7 +482,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update --init' '
 	git config --remove-section submodule.example &&
 	test_must_fail git config submodule.example.url &&
 
-	git submodule update init > update.out &&
+	git submodule update init 2> update.out &&
 	cat update.out &&
 	test_i18ngrep "not initialized" update.out &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git &&
@@ -368,6 +491,25 @@ test_expect_success 'update --init' '
 	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'update --init from subdirectory' '
+	mv init init2 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.example.url "$(pwd)/init2" &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.example &&
+	test_must_fail git config submodule.example.url &&
+
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule update ../init 2>update.out &&
+		cat update.out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "not initialized" update.out &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir ../init/.git &&
+
+		git submodule update --init ../init
+	) &&
+	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'do not add files from a submodule' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -375,7 +517,7 @@ test_expect_success 'do not add files from a submodule' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gracefully add submodule with a trailing slash' '
+test_expect_success 'gracefully add/reset submodule with a trailing slash' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git commit -m "commit subproject" init &&
@@ -389,7 +531,9 @@ test_expect_success 'gracefully add submodule with a trailing slash' '
 	git add init/ &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code --cached init &&
 	test $commit = $(git ls-files --stage |
-		sed -n "s/^160000 \([^ ]*\).*/\1/p")
+		sed -n "s/^160000 \([^ ]*\).*/\1/p") &&
+	git reset init/ &&
+	git diff --exit-code --cached init
 
 '
 
@@ -408,11 +552,8 @@ test_expect_success 'moving to a commit without submodule does not leave empty d
 	git checkout second
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule <invalid-path> warns' '
-
-	git submodule no-such-submodule 2> output.err &&
-	grep "^error: .*no-such-submodule" output.err
-
+test_expect_success 'submodule <invalid-subcommand> fails' '
+	test_must_fail git submodule no-such-subcommand
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add submodules without specifying an explicit path' '
@@ -474,21 +615,72 @@ test_expect_success 'set up for relative path tests' '
 		git add sub &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path sub &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ../subrepo &&
-		cp .git/config pristine-.git-config
+		cp .git/config pristine-.git-config &&
+		cp .gitmodules pristine-.gitmodules
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'relative path works with URL' '
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with URL - ssh://hostname/repo' '
 	(
 		cd reltest &&
 		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
 		git config remote.origin.url ssh://hostname/repo &&
 		git submodule init &&
 		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ssh://hostname/subrepo
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'relative path works with user@host:path' '
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with port-qualified URL - ssh://hostname:22/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ssh://hostname:22/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ssh://hostname:22/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+# About the choice of the path in the next test:
+# - double-slash side-steps path mangling issues on Windows
+# - it is still an absolute local path
+# - there cannot be a server with a blank in its name just in case the
+#   path is used erroneously to access a //server/share style path
+test_expect_success '../subrepo path works with local path - //somewhere else/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "//somewhere else/repo" &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = "//somewhere else/subrepo"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with file URL - file:///tmp/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url file:///tmp/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = file:///tmp/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with helper URL- helper:://hostname/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url helper:://hostname/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = helper:://hostname/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with scp-style URL - user@host:repo' '
 	(
 		cd reltest &&
 		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
@@ -498,4 +690,431 @@ test_expect_success 'relative path works with user@host:path' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with scp-style URL - user@host:path/to/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url user@host:path/to/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = user@host:path/to/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url foo &&
+		# actual: fails with an error
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ./foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ./foo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ./foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ./foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ../foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ../subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ../foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ../foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../bar/a/b/c works with relative local path - ../foo/bar.git' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		mkdir -p a/b/c &&
+		(cd a/b/c; git init) &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo/bar.git &&
+		git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.a/b/c.url)" = ../foo/bar/a/b/c
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'moving the superproject does not break submodules' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule status >expect
+	) &&
+	mv addtest addtest2 &&
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		git submodule status >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add --name allows to replace a submodule with another at the same path' '
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+			git config remote.origin.url >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/repo" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect .git
+		) &&
+		rm -rf repo &&
+		git rm repo &&
+		git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/bare.git" repo >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+			git config remote.origin.url >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/repo_new" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect .git
+		) &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.url &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive relative submodules stay relative' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super clone2 subsub sub3" &&
+	mkdir subsub &&
+	(
+		cd subsub &&
+		git init &&
+		>t &&
+		git add t &&
+		git commit -m "initial commit"
+	) &&
+	mkdir sub3 &&
+	(
+		cd sub3 &&
+		git init &&
+		>t &&
+		git add t &&
+		git commit -m "initial commit" &&
+		git submodule add ../subsub dirdir/subsub &&
+		git commit -m "add submodule subsub"
+	) &&
+	mkdir super &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git init &&
+		>t &&
+		git add t &&
+		git commit -m "initial commit" &&
+		git submodule add ../sub3 &&
+		git commit -m "add submodule sub"
+	) &&
+	git clone super clone2 &&
+	(
+		cd clone2 &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/sub3" >./sub3/.git_expect &&
+		echo "gitdir: ../../../.git/modules/sub3/modules/dirdir/subsub" >./sub3/dirdir/subsub/.git_expect
+	) &&
+	test_cmp clone2/sub3/.git_expect clone2/sub3/.git &&
+	test_cmp clone2/sub3/dirdir/subsub/.git_expect clone2/sub3/dirdir/subsub/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with an existing name fails unless forced' '
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		rm -rf repo &&
+		git rm repo &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
+		test ! -d repo &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		git submodule add -f -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
+		test -d repo &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up a second submodule' '
+	git submodule add ./init2 example2 &&
+	git commit -m "submodule example2 added"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit works on repository without submodules' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf newdirectory" &&
+	mkdir newdirectory &&
+	(
+		cd newdirectory &&
+		git init &&
+		>file &&
+		git add file &&
+		git commit -m "repo should not be empty" &&
+		git submodule deinit . &&
+		git submodule deinit --all
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit should remove the whole submodule section from .git/config' '
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit from subdirectory' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule deinit ../init >../output
+	) &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" output &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit . deinits all initialized submodules' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit --all deinits all initialized submodules' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit &&
+	git submodule deinit --all >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit deinits a submodule when its work tree is missing or empty' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	rm -rf init example2/* example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit init example2 >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains modifications unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/s &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains untracked files unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/untracked &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule HEAD does not match unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit is silent when used on an uninitialized submodule' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit --all >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when submodule has a .git directory even when forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/example .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit -f init &&
+	test -d init/.git &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule with UTF-8 name' '
+	svname=$(printf "\303\245 \303\244\303\266") &&
+	mkdir "$svname" &&
+	(
+		cd "$svname" &&
+		git init &&
+		>sub &&
+		git add sub &&
+		git commit -m "init sub"
+	) &&
+	git submodule add ./"$svname" &&
+	git submodule >&2 &&
+	test -n "$(git submodule | grep "$svname")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add clone shallow submodule' '
+	mkdir super &&
+	pwd=$(pwd) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git init &&
+		git submodule add --depth=1 file://"$pwd"/example2 submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			test 1 = $(git log --oneline | wc -l)
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule helper list is not confused by common prefixes' '
+	mkdir -p dir1/b &&
+	(
+		cd dir1/b &&
+		git init &&
+		echo hi >testfile2 &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m "test1"
+	) &&
+	mkdir -p dir2/b &&
+	(
+		cd dir2/b &&
+		git init &&
+		echo hello >testfile1 &&
+		git add .  &&
+		git commit -m "test2"
+	) &&
+	git submodule add /dir1/b dir1/b &&
+	git submodule add /dir2/b dir2/b &&
+	git commit -m "first submodule commit" &&
+	git submodule--helper list dir1/b |cut -c51- >actual &&
+	echo "dir1/b" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
index 30b429e7dc..366746f0d4 100755
--- a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
+++ b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
@@ -45,6 +45,42 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory)' "
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* ../sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory only)' "
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary . >../actual
+	) &&
+	>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory with explicit path)' "
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary ../sm1 >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* ../sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
 
@@ -68,6 +104,24 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'no ignore=all setting has any effect' "
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sm1.path sm1 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sm1.ignore all &&
+	git config submodule.sm1.ignore all &&
+	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules all &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* sm1 $head1...$head2 (1):
+  > Add foo3
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.sm1 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sm1
+"
+
+
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head3=$(
 	cd sm1 &&
@@ -76,8 +130,8 @@ head3=$(
 )
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head3 (2):
   < Add foo3
   < Add foo2
@@ -89,8 +143,8 @@ EOF
 head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
 head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
@@ -102,15 +156,15 @@ EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--summary-limit' "
-    git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
   < Add foo3
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -122,8 +176,8 @@ rm -f sm1 &&
 mv sm1-bak sm1
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
-    git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob) (3):
   < Add foo5
 
@@ -132,59 +186,59 @@ EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --files' "
-    git submodule summary --files >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary --files >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head4(submodule) (3):
   > Add foo5
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob):
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
 test_create_repo sm1 &&
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4...$head6:
   Warn: sm1 doesn't contain commit $head4_full
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 commit_file
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head6(submodule) (2):
   > Add foo7
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp expected actual
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 rm -rf sm1
 test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
@@ -192,62 +246,60 @@ head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
 git add sm2
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'path filter' "
-    git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm2
 test_expect_success 'given commit' "
-    git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--for-status' "
-    git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
-    test_i18ncmp actual - <<EOF
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm1 $head6...0000000:
-#
-# * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
-#   > Add foo9
-#
+	git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp actual - <<EOF
+* sm1 $head6...0000000:
+
+* sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
+  > Add foo9
+
 EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'fail when using --files together with --cached' "
-    test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
+	test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'should not fail in an empty repo' "
-    git init xyzzy &&
-    cd xyzzy &&
-    git submodule summary >output 2>&1 &&
-    test_cmp output /dev/null
+	git init xyzzy &&
+	cd xyzzy &&
+	git submodule summary >output 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp output /dev/null
 "
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
index f919c8d34d..8e32f19007 100755
--- a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2008 Johannes Schindelin
 #
 
-test_description='Test rebasing and stashing with dirty submodules'
+test_description='Test rebasing, stashing, etc. with submodules'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo second line >> file &&
 	(cd submodule && git pull) &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a
+	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a &&
+	git branch added-submodule
 
 '
 
@@ -89,4 +90,29 @@ test_expect_success 'stash with a dirty submodule' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebasing submodule that should conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout added-submodule &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m extra
+	) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m fourth &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD^^ HEAD^ HEAD^0 &&
+	git ls-files -s submodule >actual &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^) 1	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) 2	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) 3	submodule"
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
index 3620215c1f..5503ec067f 100755
--- a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
+++ b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
@@ -11,79 +11,340 @@ These tests exercise the "git submodule sync" subcommand.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	echo file > file &&
+	echo file >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m upstream &&
 	git clone . super &&
 	git clone super submodule &&
-	(cd super &&
-	 git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m "submodule"
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule sub-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "sub-submodule"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "submodule"
 	) &&
 	git clone super super-clone &&
-	(cd super-clone && git submodule update --init) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
 	git clone super empty-clone &&
-	(cd empty-clone && git submodule init) &&
-	git clone super top-only-clone
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
+	git clone super top-only-clone &&
+	git clone super relative-clone &&
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
+	git clone super recursive-clone &&
+	(
+		cd recursive-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'change submodule' '
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 echo second line >> file &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m "change submodule"
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo second line >>file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m "change submodule"
 	)
 '
 
+reset_submodule_urls () {
+	(
+		root=$(pwd) &&
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$root/submodule"
+	) &&
+	(
+		root=$(pwd) &&
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$root/submodule"
+	)
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'change submodule url' '
-	(cd super &&
-	 cd submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		cd submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	) &&
 	mv submodule moved-submodule &&
-	(cd super &&
-	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m moved-submodule
+	(
+		cd moved-submodule &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub-submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m moved-sub-submodule
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m moved-submodule
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs' '
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
-	 git submodule sync
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
+		git submodule sync
+	) &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test ! -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+		) &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive
+	) &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset submodule URLs' '
+	reset_submodule_urls super-clone
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs - subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
+		mkdir -p sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule sync >../../output
 	) &&
-	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git config remote.origin.url
+	grep "\\.\\./submodule" output &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test ! -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
 	)" &&
-	(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs - subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+		) &&
+		mkdir -p sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive >../../output
 	) &&
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	grep "\\.\\./submodule/sub-submodule" output &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update known submodule URLs' '
-	(cd empty-clone &&
-	 git pull &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	 test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should not vivify uninteresting submodule' '
-	(cd top-only-clone &&
-	 git pull &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	 test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)" &&
-	 git submodule sync submodule &&
-	 test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd top-only-clone &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)" &&
+		git submodule sync submodule &&
+		test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual fails with: "cannot strip off url foo
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		) &&
+		(
+			cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" != "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" propagates changes in origin' '
+	(
+		cd recursive-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		) &&
+		(
+			cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ./foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ./submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ./foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ./foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ../submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ../foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar with deeply nested submodule' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+		mkdir -p a/b/c &&
+		(
+			cd a/b/c &&
+			git init &&
+			>.gitignore &&
+			git add .gitignore &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m "initial commit"
+		) &&
+		git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd a/b/c &&
+			#actual ../foo/bar/a/b/c
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../../../foo/bar/a/b/c"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
index 33b292b8a8..5f278799d5 100755
--- a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
+++ b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ submodule and "git submodule update --rebase/--merge" does not detach the HEAD.
 
 compare_head()
 {
-    sha_master=`git rev-list --max-count=1 master`
-    sha_head=`git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD`
+    sha_master=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 master)
+    sha_head=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD)
 
     test "$sha_master" = "$sha_head"
 }
@@ -58,11 +58,15 @@ test_expect_success 'setup a submodule tree' '
 	 git submodule add ../merging merging &&
 	 test_tick &&
 	 git commit -m "rebasing"
-	)
+	) &&
 	(cd super &&
 	 git submodule add ../none none &&
 	 test_tick &&
 	 git commit -m "none"
+	) &&
+	git clone . recursivesuper &&
+	( cd recursivesuper
+	 git submodule add ../super super
 	)
 '
 
@@ -80,6 +84,62 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update detaching the HEAD ' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update from subdirectory' '
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	 git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	mkdir super/sub &&
+	(cd super/sub &&
+	 (cd ../submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update ../submodule &&
+	 cd ../submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+supersha1=$(git -C super rev-parse HEAD)
+mergingsha1=$(git -C super/merging rev-parse HEAD)
+nonesha1=$(git -C super/none rev-parse HEAD)
+rebasingsha1=$(git -C super/rebasing rev-parse HEAD)
+submodulesha1=$(git -C super/submodule rev-parse HEAD)
+pwd=$(pwd)
+
+cat <<EOF >expect
+Submodule path '../super': checked out '$supersha1'
+Submodule path '../super/merging': checked out '$mergingsha1'
+Submodule path '../super/none': checked out '$nonesha1'
+Submodule path '../super/rebasing': checked out '$rebasingsha1'
+Submodule path '../super/submodule': checked out '$submodulesha1'
+EOF
+
+cat <<EOF >expect2
+Submodule 'merging' ($pwd/merging) registered for path '../super/merging'
+Submodule 'none' ($pwd/none) registered for path '../super/none'
+Submodule 'rebasing' ($pwd/rebasing) registered for path '../super/rebasing'
+Submodule 'submodule' ($pwd/submodule) registered for path '../super/submodule'
+Cloning into '$pwd/recursivesuper/super/merging'...
+done.
+Cloning into '$pwd/recursivesuper/super/none'...
+done.
+Cloning into '$pwd/recursivesuper/super/rebasing'...
+done.
+Cloning into '$pwd/recursivesuper/super/submodule'...
+done.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --init --recursive from subdirectory' '
+	git -C recursivesuper/super reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	(cd recursivesuper &&
+	 mkdir tmp &&
+	 cd tmp &&
+	 git submodule update --init --recursive ../super >../../actual 2>../../actual2
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp expect2 actual2
+'
+
 apos="'";
 test_expect_success 'submodule update does not fetch already present commits' '
 	(cd submodule &&
@@ -123,6 +183,49 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update should throw away changes with --force ' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --force forcibly checks out submodules' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  rm -f file
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --force submodule &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  test "$(git status -s file)" = ""
+	 )
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --remote should fetch upstream changes' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 echo line4 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line4"
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local config should override .gitmodules branch' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 git checkout -b test-branch &&
+	 echo line5 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line5" &&
+	 git checkout master
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.branch test-branch &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline test-branch)"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule update --rebase staying on master' '
 	(cd super/submodule &&
 	  git checkout master
@@ -236,6 +339,93 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update - checkout in .git/config' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!git checkout"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+cat << EOF >expect
+Execution of 'false $submodulesha1' failed in submodule path 'submodule'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config catches failure' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!false"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard $submodulesha1^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 test_must_fail git submodule update submodule 2>../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+cat << EOF >expect
+Execution of 'false $submodulesha1' failed in submodule path '../submodule'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config catches failure -- subdirectory' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!false"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard $submodulesha1^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 mkdir tmp && cd tmp &&
+	 test_must_fail git submodule update ../submodule 2>../../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+cat << EOF >expect
+Execution of 'false $submodulesha1' failed in submodule path '../super/submodule'
+Failed to recurse into submodule path '../super'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive submodule update - command in .git/config catches failure -- subdirectory' '
+	(cd recursivesuper &&
+	 git submodule update --remote super &&
+	 git add super &&
+	 git commit -m "update to latest to have more than one commit in submodules"
+	) &&
+	git -C recursivesuper/super config submodule.submodule.update "!false" &&
+	git -C recursivesuper/super/submodule reset --hard $submodulesha1^ &&
+	(cd recursivesuper &&
+	 mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+	 test_must_fail git submodule update --recursive ../super 2>../../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule init does not copy command into .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 H=$(git ls-files -s submodule | cut -d" " -f2) &&
+	 mkdir submodule1 &&
+	 git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $H submodule1 &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.path submodule1 &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.url ../submodule &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.update !false &&
+	 git submodule init submodule1 &&
+	 echo "none" >expect &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule1.update >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule init picks up rebase' '
 	(cd super &&
 	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.rebasing.update rebase &&
@@ -367,7 +557,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update continues after checkout error' '
 	 git submodule init &&
 	 git commit -am "new_submodule" &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd submodule &&
 	  test_commit "update_submodule" file
@@ -384,7 +574,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update continues after checkout error' '
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -413,7 +603,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update continues after recursive checkout error'
 	  test_commit "update_submodule_again_again" file
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect &&
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect &&
 	  test_commit "update_submodule2_again" file
 	 ) &&
 	 git add submodule &&
@@ -428,7 +618,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update continues after recursive checkout error'
 	 ) &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update --recursive &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -460,12 +650,12 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update exit immediately in case of merge conflict
 	 ) &&
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 git config submodule.submodule.update merge &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -495,12 +685,12 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update exit immediately after recursive rebase er
 	 ) &&
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 git config submodule.submodule.update rebase &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -553,14 +743,14 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add places git-dir in superprojects git-dir recur
 	   git log > ../../../expected
 	  ) &&
 	  git commit -m "added subsubmodule" &&
-	  git push
+	  git push origin :
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd .git/modules/deeper/submodule/modules/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../../../../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 git add deeper/submodule &&
 	 git commit -m "update submodule" &&
-	 git push &&
+	 git push origin : &&
 	 test_cmp actual expected
 	)
 '
@@ -600,7 +790,8 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update places git-dir in superprojects git-dir re
 	rm -rf super_update_r2 &&
 	git clone super_update_r super_update_r2 &&
 	(cd super_update_r2 &&
-	 git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+	 git submodule update --init --recursive >actual &&
+	 test_i18ngrep "Submodule path .submodule/subsubmodule.: checked out" actual &&
 	 (cd submodule/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../expected
 	 ) &&
@@ -611,4 +802,91 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update places git-dir in superprojects git-dir re
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add properly re-creates deeper level submodules' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git reset --hard master &&
+	 rm -rf deeper/ &&
+	 git submodule add --force ../submodule deeper/submodule
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update properly revives a moved submodule' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 H=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	 git commit -am "pre move" &&
+	 H2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H/XXX/" >expect &&
+	 H=$(cd submodule2; git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	 git rm --cached submodule2 &&
+	 rm -rf submodule2 &&
+	 mkdir -p "moved/sub module" &&
+	 git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $H "moved/sub module" &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule2.path "moved/sub module"
+	 git commit -am "post move" &&
+	 git submodule update &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H2/XXX/" >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'submodule update can handle symbolic links in pwd' '
+	mkdir -p linked/dir &&
+	ln -s linked/dir linkto &&
+	(cd linkto &&
+	 git clone "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/super_update_r2 super &&
+	 (cd super &&
+	  git submodule update --init --recursive
+	 )
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update clone shallow submodule' '
+	git clone cloned super3 &&
+	pwd=$(pwd) &&
+	(cd super3 &&
+	 sed -e "s#url = ../#url = file://$pwd/#" <.gitmodules >.gitmodules.tmp &&
+	 mv -f .gitmodules.tmp .gitmodules &&
+	 git submodule update --init --depth=3
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  test 1 = $(git log --oneline | wc -l)
+	 )
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --recursive drops module name before recursing' '
+	(cd super2 &&
+	 (cd deeper/submodule/subsubmodule &&
+	  git checkout HEAD^
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --recursive deeper/submodule >actual &&
+	 test_i18ngrep "Submodule path .deeper/submodule/subsubmodule.: checked out" actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update can be run in parallel' '
+	(cd super2 &&
+	 GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git submodule update --jobs 7 &&
+	 grep "7 tasks" trace.out &&
+	 git config submodule.fetchJobs 8 &&
+	 GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git submodule update &&
+	 grep "8 tasks" trace.out &&
+	 GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git submodule update --jobs 9 &&
+	 grep "9 tasks" trace.out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone passes the parallel jobs config on to submodules' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf super4" &&
+	GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git clone --recurse-submodules --jobs 7 . super4 &&
+	grep "7 tasks" trace.out &&
+	rm -rf super4 &&
+	git config --global submodule.fetchJobs 8 &&
+	GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git clone --recurse-submodules . super4 &&
+	grep "8 tasks" trace.out &&
+	rm -rf super4 &&
+	GIT_TRACE=$(pwd)/trace.out git clone --recurse-submodules --jobs 9 . super4 &&
+	grep "9 tasks" trace.out &&
+	rm -rf super4
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
index 9b69fe2e14..6ba5daf42e 100755
--- a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
+++ b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,22 @@ test_expect_success 'test basic "submodule foreach" usage' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Entering '../sub1'
+$pwd/clone-foo1-../sub1-$sub1sha1
+Entering '../sub3'
+$pwd/clone-foo3-../sub3-$sub3sha1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test "submodule foreach" from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir clone/sub &&
+	(
+		cd clone/sub &&
+		git submodule foreach "echo \$toplevel-\$name-\$sm_path-\$sha1" >../../actual
+	) &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup nested submodules' '
 	git clone submodule nested1 &&
 	git clone submodule nested2 &&
@@ -129,7 +145,7 @@ test_expect_success 'use "submodule foreach" to checkout 2nd level submodule' '
 		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/.git &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/.git &&
 		git submodule foreach "git submodule update --init" &&
-		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested1/nested2/.git
+		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/.git &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/nested3/.git
 	)
 '
@@ -162,6 +178,26 @@ test_expect_success 'test messages from "foreach --recursive"' '
 '
 
 cat > expect <<EOF
+Entering '../nested1'
+Entering '../nested1/nested2'
+Entering '../nested1/nested2/nested3'
+Entering '../nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule'
+Entering '../sub1'
+Entering '../sub2'
+Entering '../sub3'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test messages from "foreach --recursive" from subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd clone2 &&
+		mkdir untracked &&
+		cd untracked &&
+		git submodule foreach --recursive >../../actual
+	) &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
 nested1-nested1
 nested2-nested2
 nested3-nested3
@@ -226,22 +262,43 @@ test_expect_success 'test "status --recursive"' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-sed -e "/nested1 /s/.*/+$nested1sha1 nested1 (file2~1)/;/sub[1-3]/d" < expect > expect2
-mv -f expect2 expect
+cat > expect <<EOF
+ $nested1sha1 nested1 (heads/master)
++$nested2sha1 nested1/nested2 (file2~1)
+ $nested3sha1 nested1/nested2/nested3 (heads/master)
+ $submodulesha1 nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule (heads/master)
+EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'ensure "status --cached --recursive" preserves the --cached flag' '
 	(
 		cd clone3 &&
 		(
-			cd nested1 &&
+			cd nested1/nested2 &&
 			test_commit file2
 		) &&
 		git submodule status --cached --recursive -- nested1 > ../actual
 	) &&
-	if test_have_prereq MINGW
-	then
-		dos2unix actual
-	fi &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+nested2sha1=$(git -C clone3/nested1/nested2 rev-parse HEAD)
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+ $nested1sha1 ../nested1 (heads/master)
++$nested2sha1 ../nested1/nested2 (file2)
+ $nested3sha1 ../nested1/nested2/nested3 (heads/master)
+ $submodulesha1 ../nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule (heads/master)
+ $sub1sha1 ../sub1 ($sub1sha1_short)
+ $sub2sha1 ../sub2 ($sub2sha1_short)
+ $sub3sha1 ../sub3 (heads/master)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test "status --recursive" from sub directory' '
+	(
+		cd clone3 &&
+		mkdir tmp && cd tmp &&
+		git submodule status --recursive > ../../actual
+	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -313,4 +370,13 @@ test_expect_success 'command passed to foreach --recursive retains notion of std
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'multi-argument command passed to foreach is not shell-evaluated twice' '
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule foreach "echo \\\"quoted\\\"" > ../expected &&
+		git submodule foreach echo \"quoted\" > ../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh b/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh
index ab37c368d0..eaea19b8f2 100755
--- a/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh
+++ b/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 test_description='test clone --reference'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-base_dir=`pwd`
+base_dir=$(pwd)
 
 U=$base_dir/UPLOAD_LOG
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ git prune'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
-test_expect_success 'preparing supermodule' \
+test_expect_success 'preparing superproject' \
 'test_create_repo super && cd super &&
 echo file > file &&
 git add file &&
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ git commit -m B-super-added'
 cd "$base_dir"
 
 test_expect_success 'after add: existence of info/alternates' \
-'test `wc -l <super/.git/modules/sub/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
+'test_line_count = 1 super/.git/modules/sub/objects/info/alternates'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ diff expected current'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
-test_expect_success 'cloning supermodule' \
+test_expect_success 'cloning superproject' \
 'git clone super super-clone'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update with reference' \
 cd "$base_dir"
 
 test_expect_success 'after update: existence of info/alternates' \
-'test `wc -l <super-clone/.git/modules/sub/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
+'test_line_count = 1 super-clone/.git/modules/sub/objects/info/alternates'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
diff --git a/t/t7409-submodule-detached-work-tree.sh b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-work-tree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c20717181e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-work-tree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Daniel Graña
+#
+
+test_description='Test submodules on detached working tree
+
+This test verifies that "git submodule" initialization, update and addition works
+on detahced working trees
+'
+
+TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=1
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working tree' '
+	git init --bare remote &&
+	test_create_repo bundle1 &&
+	(
+		cd bundle1 &&
+		test_commit "shoot" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
+	) &&
+	mkdir home &&
+	(
+		cd home &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
+		git submodule add ../bundle1 .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+		test_commit "sogood" &&
+		(
+			unset GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+			cd .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
+			test_cmp ../../../../expect actual
+		) &&
+		git push origin master
+	) &&
+	mkdir home2 &&
+	(
+		cd home2 &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git submodule update --init &&
+		(
+			unset GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+			cd .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
+			test_cmp ../../../../expect actual
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working pointed by core.worktree' '
+	mkdir home3 &&
+	(
+		cd home3 &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote "$GIT_DIR" &&
+		git config core.bare false &&
+		git config core.worktree .. &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git submodule add ../bundle1 .vim/bundle/dupe &&
+		test_commit "dupe" &&
+		git push origin master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd home &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git config core.bare false &&
+		git config core.worktree .. &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule update --init &&
+		test -f .vim/bundle/dupe/shoot.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7410-submodule-checkout-to.sh b/t/t7410-submodule-checkout-to.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1acef32647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7410-submodule-checkout-to.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Combination of submodules and multiple workdirs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+base_path=$(pwd -P)
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: make origin' \
+    'mkdir -p origin/sub && ( cd origin/sub && git init &&
+	echo file1 >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m file1 ) &&
+    mkdir -p origin/main && ( cd origin/main && git init &&
+	git submodule add ../sub &&
+	git commit -m "add sub" ) &&
+    ( cd origin/sub &&
+	echo file1updated >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m "file1 updated" ) &&
+    ( cd origin/main/sub && git pull ) &&
+    ( cd origin/main &&
+	git add sub &&
+	git commit -m "sub updated" )'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: clone' \
+    'mkdir clone && ( cd clone &&
+	git clone --recursive "$base_path/origin/main")'
+
+rev1_hash_main=$(git --git-dir=origin/main/.git show --pretty=format:%h -q "HEAD~1")
+rev1_hash_sub=$(git --git-dir=origin/sub/.git show --pretty=format:%h -q "HEAD~1")
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout main' \
+    'mkdir default_checkout &&
+    (cd clone/main &&
+	git worktree add "$base_path/default_checkout/main" "$rev1_hash_main")'
+
+test_expect_failure 'can see submodule diffs just after checkout' \
+    '(cd default_checkout/main && git diff --submodule master"^!" | grep "file1 updated")'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout main and initialize independed clones' \
+    'mkdir fully_cloned_submodule &&
+    (cd clone/main &&
+	git worktree add "$base_path/fully_cloned_submodule/main" "$rev1_hash_main") &&
+    (cd fully_cloned_submodule/main && git submodule update)'
+
+test_expect_success 'can see submodule diffs after independed cloning' \
+    '(cd fully_cloned_submodule/main && git diff --submodule master"^!" | grep "file1 updated")'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout sub manually' \
+    'mkdir linked_submodule &&
+    (cd clone/main &&
+	git worktree add "$base_path/linked_submodule/main" "$rev1_hash_main") &&
+    (cd clone/main/sub &&
+	git worktree add "$base_path/linked_submodule/main/sub" "$rev1_hash_sub")'
+
+test_expect_success 'can see submodule diffs after manual checkout of linked submodule' \
+    '(cd linked_submodule/main && git diff --submodule master"^!" | grep "file1 updated")'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7411-submodule-config.sh b/t/t7411-submodule-config.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fc97c3314e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7411-submodule-config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Heiko Voigt
+#
+
+test_description='Test submodules config cache infrastructure
+
+This test verifies that parsing .gitmodules configurations directly
+from the database and from the worktree works.
+'
+
+TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=1
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule config cache setup' '
+	mkdir submodule &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+		git init &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -ma
+	) &&
+	mkdir super &&
+	(cd super &&
+		git init &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule a &&
+		git commit -m "add as submodule and as a" &&
+		git mv a b &&
+		git commit -m "move a to b"
+	)
+'
+
+cat >super/expect <<EOF
+Submodule name: 'a' for path 'a'
+Submodule name: 'a' for path 'b'
+Submodule name: 'submodule' for path 'submodule'
+Submodule name: 'submodule' for path 'submodule'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test parsing and lookup of submodule config by path' '
+	(cd super &&
+		test-submodule-config \
+			HEAD^ a \
+			HEAD b \
+			HEAD^ submodule \
+			HEAD submodule \
+				>actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test parsing and lookup of submodule config by name' '
+	(cd super &&
+		test-submodule-config --name \
+			HEAD^ a \
+			HEAD a \
+			HEAD^ submodule \
+			HEAD submodule \
+				>actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+cat >super/expect_error <<EOF
+Submodule name: 'a' for path 'b'
+Submodule name: 'submodule' for path 'submodule'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'error in one submodule config lets continue' '
+	(cd super &&
+		cp .gitmodules .gitmodules.bak &&
+		echo "	value = \"" >>.gitmodules &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		mv .gitmodules.bak .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "add error" &&
+		test-submodule-config \
+			HEAD b \
+			HEAD submodule \
+				>actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_error actual
+	)
+'
+
+cat >super/expect_url <<EOF
+Submodule url: 'git@somewhere.else.net:a.git' for path 'b'
+Submodule url: 'git@somewhere.else.net:submodule.git' for path 'submodule'
+EOF
+
+cat >super/expect_local_path <<EOF
+Submodule name: 'a' for path 'c'
+Submodule name: 'submodule' for path 'submodule'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'reading of local configuration' '
+	(cd super &&
+		old_a=$(git config submodule.a.url) &&
+		old_submodule=$(git config submodule.submodule.url) &&
+		git config submodule.a.url git@somewhere.else.net:a.git &&
+		git config submodule.submodule.url git@somewhere.else.net:submodule.git &&
+		test-submodule-config --url \
+			"" b \
+			"" submodule \
+				>actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_url actual &&
+		git config submodule.a.path c &&
+		test-submodule-config \
+			"" c \
+			"" submodule \
+				>actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_local_path actual &&
+		git config submodule.a.url $old_a &&
+		git config submodule.submodule.url $old_submodule &&
+		git config --unset submodule.a.path c
+	)
+'
+
+cat >super/expect_fetchrecurse_die.err <<EOF
+fatal: bad submodule.submodule.fetchrecursesubmodules argument: blabla
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'local error in fetchrecursesubmodule dies early' '
+	(cd super &&
+		git config submodule.submodule.fetchrecursesubmodules blabla &&
+		test_must_fail test-submodule-config \
+			"" b \
+			"" submodule \
+				>actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+		touch expect_fetchrecurse_die.out &&
+		test_cmp expect_fetchrecurse_die.out actual.out  &&
+		test_cmp expect_fetchrecurse_die.err actual.err  &&
+		git config --unset submodule.submodule.fetchrecursesubmodules
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error in history in fetchrecursesubmodule lets continue' '
+	(cd super &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules \
+			submodule.submodule.fetchrecursesubmodules blabla &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		git config --unset -f .gitmodules \
+			submodule.submodule.fetchrecursesubmodules &&
+		git commit -m "add error in fetchrecursesubmodules" &&
+		test-submodule-config \
+			HEAD b \
+			HEAD submodule \
+				>actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_error actual  &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7500-commit.sh b/t/t7500-commit.sh
index 1c908f4d39..116885a260 100755
--- a/t/t7500-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7500-commit.sh
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ commit_msg_is () {
 	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
 	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
 
-	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$expect &&
-	printf "%s" "$1" >$actual &&
-	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >"$actual" &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >"$expect" &&
+	test_i18ncmp "$expect" "$actual"
 }
 
 # A sanity check to see if commit is working at all.
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file should return error' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file in config should return error' '
-	git config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset commit.template" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
 	(
 		GIT_EDITOR="echo hello >\"\$1\"" &&
 		export GIT_EDITOR &&
@@ -93,14 +92,13 @@ test_expect_success '-t option should be short for --template' '
 
 test_expect_success 'config-specified template should commit' '
 	echo "new template" > "$TEMPLATE" &&
-	git config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
 	echo "more content" >> foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	(
 		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
 		git commit
 	) &&
-	git config --unset commit.template &&
 	commit_msg_is "new templatecommit message"
 '
 
@@ -225,7 +223,8 @@ test_expect_success 'Commit without message is allowed with --allow-empty-messag
 	git add foo &&
 	>empty &&
 	git commit --allow-empty-message <empty &&
-	commit_msg_is ""
+	commit_msg_is "" &&
+	git tag empty-message-commit
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Commit without message is no-no without --allow-empty-message' '
@@ -242,6 +241,14 @@ test_expect_success 'Commit a message with --allow-empty-message' '
 	commit_msg_is "hello there"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'commit -C empty respects --allow-empty-message' '
+	echo more >>foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -C empty-message-commit &&
+	git commit -C empty-message-commit --allow-empty-message &&
+	commit_msg_is ""
+'
+
 commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup () {
 	echo "first content line" >>foo &&
 	git add foo &&
diff --git a/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c4dccff13a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "commit message" >> "$1"
+echo "# comment" >> "$1"
+exit 0
+
diff --git a/t/t7501-commit.sh b/t/t7501-commit.sh
index 8bb38337a9..d84897a67a 100755
--- a/t/t7501-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7501-commit.sh
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: initial commit' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success '-m and -F do not mix' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -m foo -m bar -F file
 '
 
 test_expect_success '-m and -C do not mix' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -C HEAD -m illegal
 '
 
@@ -51,18 +53,55 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'can use paths with --interactive' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'using invalid commit with -C' '
-	test_must_fail git commit -C bogus
+	test_must_fail git commit --allow-empty -C bogus
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nothing to commit' '
+	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -m initial
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--dry-run fails with nothing to commit' '
+	test_must_fail git commit -m initial --dry-run
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--short fails with nothing to commit' '
+	test_must_fail git commit -m initial --short
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--porcelain fails with nothing to commit' '
+	test_must_fail git commit -m initial --porcelain
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--long fails with nothing to commit' '
+	test_must_fail git commit -m initial --long
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup: non-initial commit' '
 	echo bongo bongo bongo >file &&
 	git commit -m next -a
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--dry-run with stuff to commit returns ok' '
+	echo bongo bongo bongo >>file &&
+	git commit -m next -a --dry-run
+'
+
+test_expect_failure '--short with stuff to commit returns ok' '
+	echo bongo bongo bongo >>file &&
+	git commit -m next -a --short
+'
+
+test_expect_failure '--porcelain with stuff to commit returns ok' '
+	echo bongo bongo bongo >>file &&
+	git commit -m next -a --porcelain
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--long with stuff to commit returns ok' '
+	echo bongo bongo bongo >>file &&
+	git commit -m next -a --long
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'commit message from non-existing file' '
 	echo more bongo: bongo bongo bongo bongo >file &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -F gah -a
@@ -79,7 +118,19 @@ test_expect_success 'empty commit message' '
 	test_must_fail git commit -F msg -a
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'template "emptyness" check does not kick in with -F' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
+	git commit -t file -F file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'template "emptyness" check' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -t file 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "did not edit" err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup: commit message from file' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
 	echo this is the commit message, coming from a file >msg &&
 	git commit -F msg -a
 '
@@ -94,6 +145,16 @@ test_expect_success 'amend commit' '
 	EDITOR=./editor git commit --amend
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'amend --only ignores staged contents' '
+	cp file file.expect &&
+	echo changed >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-edit --amend --only &&
+	git cat-file blob HEAD:file >file.actual &&
+	test_cmp file.expect file.actual &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'set up editor' '
 	cat >editor <<-\EOF &&
 	#!/bin/sh
@@ -124,6 +185,41 @@ test_expect_success '--amend --edit' '
 	test_cmp expect msg
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--amend --edit of empty message' '
+	cat >replace <<-\EOF &&
+	#!/bin/sh
+	echo "amended" >"$1"
+	EOF
+	chmod 755 replace &&
+	git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	echo more bongo >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	EDITOR=./replace git commit --edit --amend &&
+	git diff-tree -s --format=%s HEAD >msg &&
+	./replace expect &&
+	test_cmp expect msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--amend to set message to empty' '
+	echo bata >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "unamended" &&
+	git commit --amend --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	git diff-tree -s --format=%s HEAD >msg &&
+	echo "" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--amend to set empty message needs --allow-empty-message' '
+	echo conga >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "unamended" &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --amend -m "" &&
+	git diff-tree -s --format=%s HEAD >msg &&
+	echo "unamended" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect msg
+'
+
 test_expect_success '-m --edit' '
 	echo amended >expect &&
 	git commit --allow-empty -m buffer &&
@@ -270,8 +366,21 @@ test_expect_success 'amend commit to fix date' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'commit complains about bogus date' '
-	test_must_fail git commit --amend --date=10.11.2010
+test_expect_success 'commit mentions forced date in output' '
+	git commit --amend --date=2010-01-02T03:04:05 >output &&
+	grep "Date: *Sat Jan 2 03:04:05 2010" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit complains about completely bogus dates' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --amend --date=seventeen
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --date allows approxidate' '
+	git commit --amend \
+		--date="midnight the 12th of october, anno domini 1979" &&
+	echo "Fri Oct 12 00:00:00 1979 +0000" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'sign off (1)' '
@@ -473,4 +582,49 @@ test_expect_success 'amend can copy notes' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'commit a file whose name is a dash' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >./- &&
+	git add ./- &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add dash" >output </dev/null &&
+	test_i18ngrep " changed, 5 insertions" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--only works on to-be-born branch' '
+	# This test relies on having something in the index, as it
+	# would not otherwise actually prove much.  So check this.
+	test -n "$(git ls-files)" &&
+	git checkout --orphan orphan &&
+	echo foo >newfile &&
+	git add newfile &&
+	git commit --only newfile -m"--only on unborn branch" &&
+	echo newfile >expected &&
+	git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--dry-run with conflicts fixed from a merge' '
+	# setup two branches with conflicting information
+	# in the same file, resolve the conflict,
+	# call commit with --dry-run
+	echo "Initial contents, unimportant" >test-file &&
+	git add test-file &&
+	git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+	echo "commit-1-state" >test-file &&
+	git commit -m "commit 1" -i test-file &&
+	git tag commit-1 &&
+	git checkout -b branch-2 HEAD^1 &&
+	echo "commit-2-state" >test-file &&
+	git commit -m "commit 2" -i test-file &&
+	! $(git merge --no-commit commit-1) &&
+	echo "commit-2-state" >test-file &&
+	git add test-file &&
+	git commit --dry-run &&
+	git commit -m "conflicts fixed from merge."
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7502-commit.sh b/t/t7502-commit.sh
index 3f3adc31b9..725687d5d5 100755
--- a/t/t7502-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7502-commit.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@ test_description='git commit porcelain-ish'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg_is () {
+	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
+	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
+
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$actual &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >$expect &&
+	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+}
+
 # Arguments: [<prefix] [<commit message>] [<commit options>]
 check_summary_oneline() {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -162,23 +171,30 @@ test_expect_success 'verbose' '
 
 test_expect_success 'verbose respects diff config' '
 
-	git config color.diff always &&
+	test_config color.diff always &&
 	git status -v >actual &&
-	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual &&
-	git config --unset color.diff
+	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual
+'
+
+mesg_with_comment_and_newlines='
+# text
+
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-t)' '
+test_expect_success 'prepare file with comment line and trailing newlines'  '
+	printf "%s" "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-t)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >expect &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -t expect -a &&
-	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" |head -n 3 >actual &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim --no-status -t expect -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -F expect -a &&
@@ -187,16 +203,16 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-m)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-m)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$(cat expect)" -a &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >text &&
@@ -207,7 +223,45 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (scissors option,-F,-e)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	cat >text <<EOF &&
+
+# to be kept
+
+  # ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
+# to be kept, too
+# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
+to be removed
+# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
+to be removed, too
+EOF
+
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+# to be kept
+
+  # ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
+# to be kept, too
+EOF
+	git commit --cleanup=scissors -e -F text -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (scissors option,-F,-e, scissors on first line)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	cat >text <<EOF &&
+# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
+to be removed
+EOF
+	git commit --cleanup=scissors -e -F text -a --allow-empty-message &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -218,7 +272,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -231,48 +285,143 @@ echo "sample
 # Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
 # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit." >expect
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e): output' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e): output' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-echo "#
-# Author:    $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>
-#" >> expect
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode option)' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --cleanup=non-existent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode configuration)' '
+	test_must_fail git -c commit.cleanup=non-existent commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (no config and no option uses default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (config overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides config)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --cleanup=default
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'author different from committer' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (default, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace option, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace config, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'message shows author when it is not equal to committer' '
 	echo >>negative &&
-	test_might_fail git commit -e -m "sample" &&
-	head -n 7 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	git commit -e -m "sample" -a &&
+	test_i18ngrep \
+	  "^# Author: *A U Thor <author@example.com>\$" \
+	  .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 '
 
-mv expect expect.tmp
-sed '$d' < expect.tmp > expect
-rm -f expect.tmp
-echo "# Committer:
-#" >> expect
+test_expect_success 'message shows date when it is explicitly set' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -e -m foo --date="2010-01-02T03:04:05" &&
+	test_i18ngrep \
+	  "^# Date: *Sat Jan 2 03:04:05 2010 +0000" \
+	  .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'committer is automatic' '
+test_expect_success AUTOIDENT 'message shows committer when it is automatic' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	(
 		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
 		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
-		# must fail because there is no change
-		test_must_fail git commit -e -m "sample"
+		git commit -e -m "sample" -a
 	) &&
-	head -n 8 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG |	\
-	sed "s/^# Committer: .*/# Committer:/" >actual
-	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	# the ident is calculated from the system, so we cannot
+	# check the actual value, only that it is there
+	test_i18ngrep "^# Committer: " .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 '
 
-pwd=`pwd`
-cat >> .git/FAKE_EDITOR << EOF
-#! /bin/sh
-echo editor started > "$pwd/.git/result"
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
+echo editor started > "$(pwd)/.git/result"
 exit 0
 EOF
-chmod +x .git/FAKE_EDITOR
+
+test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'do not fire editor when committer is bogus' '
+	>.git/result &&
+	>expect &&
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+		GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git commit -e -m sample -a
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m <msg> was given' '
+	echo tick >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -m tick) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m "" was given' '
+	echo tock >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" \
+	 git commit -m "" --allow-empty-message) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'do not fire editor in the presence of conflicts' '
 
@@ -293,16 +442,14 @@ test_expect_success 'do not fire editor in the presence of conflicts' '
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -n master &&
 	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
 	(
-		GIT_EDITOR="$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR" &&
+		GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" &&
 		export GIT_EDITOR &&
 		test_must_fail git commit
 	) &&
 	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
 '
 
-pwd=`pwd`
-cat >.git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
-#! $SHELL_PATH
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
 # kill -TERM command added below.
 EOF
 
@@ -335,31 +482,32 @@ test_expect_success 'A single-liner subject with a token plus colon is not a foo
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git commit -s -m "hello: kitty" --allow-empty &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 3
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
 
 '
 
-cat >.git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
-#!$SHELL_PATH
-mv "\$1" "\$1.orig"
+test_expect_success 'commit -s places sob on third line after two empty lines' '
+	git commit -s --allow-empty --allow-empty-message &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+
+
+	Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -e "/^#/d" -e "s/^:.*//" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<\EOF
+mv "$1" "$1.orig"
 (
 	echo message
-	cat "\$1.orig"
-) >"\$1"
+	cat "$1.orig"
+) >"$1"
 EOF
 
 echo '## Custom template' >template
 
-clear_config () {
-	(
-		git config --unset-all "$1"
-		case $? in
-		0|5)	exit 0 ;;
-		*)	exit 1 ;;
-		esac
-	)
-}
-
 try_commit () {
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo >>negative &&
@@ -375,67 +523,52 @@ try_commit () {
 try_commit_status_combo () {
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		try_commit "" &&
-		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
-	'
-
-	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
@@ -448,4 +581,36 @@ use_template="-t template"
 
 try_commit_status_combo
 
+test_expect_success 'commit --status with custom comment character' '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	try_commit --status &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^; Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch core.commentchar' '
+	test_commit "#foo" foo &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=.git/FAKE_EDITOR git -c core.commentChar=auto commit --amend &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^; Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch core.commentchar but out of options' '
+	cat >text <<\EOF &&
+# 1
+; 2
+@ 3
+! 4
+$ 5
+% 6
+^ 7
+& 8
+| 9
+: 10
+EOF
+	git commit --amend -F text &&
+	(
+		test_set_editor .git/FAKE_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git -c core.commentChar=auto commit --amend
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh b/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh
index ee7f0cd459..984889b39d 100755
--- a/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh
@@ -118,4 +118,22 @@ test_expect_success 'with failing hook requiring GIT_PREFIX' '
 	git checkout -- file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'check the author in hook' '
+	write_script "$HOOK" <<-\EOF &&
+	test "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" = "New Author" &&
+	test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "newauthor@example.com"
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git commit --allow-empty -m "by a.u.thor" &&
+	(
+		GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="New Author" &&
+		GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="newauthor@example.com" &&
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "by new.author via env" &&
+		git show -s
+	) &&
+	git commit --author="New Author <newauthor@example.com>" \
+		--allow-empty -m "by new.author via command line" &&
+	git show -s
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7504-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7504-commit-msg-hook.sh
index 1f53ea8090..8728db61d3 100755
--- a/t/t7504-commit-msg-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7504-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ EOF
 chmod +x "$HOOK"
 
 commit_msg_is () {
-	test "`git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1`" = "$1"
+	test "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" = "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'hook edits commit message' '
diff --git a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
index 5b4b694f18..b13f72975e 100755
--- a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ test_expect_success 'with hook (-m)' '
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m "more" &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "message (no editor)"
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = "message (no editor)"
 
 '
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ test_expect_success 'with hook (-m editor)' '
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -e -m "more more" &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = message
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = message
 
 '
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ test_expect_success 'with hook (-t)' '
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -t "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/template" &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = template
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = template
 
 '
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test_expect_success 'with hook (-F)' '
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	(echo more | git commit -F -) &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "message (no editor)"
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = "message (no editor)"
 
 '
 
@@ -89,17 +89,17 @@ test_expect_success 'with hook (-F editor)' '
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	(echo more more | GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -e -F -) &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = message
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = message
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'with hook (-C)' '
 
-	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -C $head &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "$head (no editor)"
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = "$head (no editor)"
 
 '
 
@@ -108,40 +108,52 @@ test_expect_success 'with hook (editor)' '
 	echo "more more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = default
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = default
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'with hook (--amend)' '
 
-	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --amend &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "$head"
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = "$head"
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'with hook (-c)' '
 
-	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "$head"
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = "$head"
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'with hook (merge)' '
 
-	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
-	git checkout -b other HEAD@{1} &&
-	echo "more" >> file &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m other &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	git merge --no-ff other &&
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = "merge (no editor)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook and editor (merge)' '
+
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m other &&
 	git checkout - &&
-	git merge other &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = merge
+	env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git merge --no-ff -e other &&
+	test "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:%s)" = "merge"
 '
 
 cat > "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
@@ -151,21 +163,38 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'with failing hook' '
 
-	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
-	! GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'with failing hook (--no-verify)' '
 
-	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
-	! GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify -c $head
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify -c $head
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook (merge)' '
+
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	rm -f "$HOOK" &&
+	git commit -m other &&
+	write_script "$HOOK" <<-EOF &&
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	git checkout - &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff other
+
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh b/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
index da5bd3b5a5..ed2653d46f 100755
--- a/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
+++ b/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 test_description='verbose commit template'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-cat >check-for-diff <<EOF
-#!$SHELL_PATH
-exec grep '^diff --git' "\$1"
+write_script "check-for-diff" <<\EOF &&
+grep '^diff --git' "$1" >out
+exit 0
 EOF
-chmod +x check-for-diff
 test_set_editor "$PWD/check-for-diff"
 
 cat >message <<'EOF'
@@ -23,7 +22,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'initial commit shows verbose diff' '
-	git commit --amend -v
+	git commit --amend -v &&
+	test_line_count = 1 out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'second commit' '
@@ -39,13 +39,15 @@ check_message() {
 
 test_expect_success 'verbose diff is stripped out' '
 	git commit --amend -v &&
-	check_message message
+	check_message message &&
+	test_line_count = 1 out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verbose diff is stripped out (mnemonicprefix)' '
 	git config diff.mnemonicprefix true &&
 	git commit --amend -v &&
-	check_message message
+	check_message message &&
+	test_line_count = 1 out
 '
 
 cat >diff <<'EOF'
@@ -65,9 +67,91 @@ test_expect_success 'diff in message is retained without -v' '
 	check_message diff
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'diff in message is retained with -v' '
+test_expect_success 'diff in message is retained with -v' '
 	git commit --amend -F diff -v &&
 	check_message diff
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule log is stripped out too with -v' '
+	git config diff.submodule log &&
+	git submodule add ./. sub &&
+	git commit -m "sub added" &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		echo "more" >>file &&
+		git commit -a -m "submodule commit"
+	) &&
+	(
+		GIT_EDITOR=cat &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git commit -a -v 2>err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Aborting commit due to empty commit message." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verbose diff is stripped out with set core.commentChar' '
+	(
+		GIT_EDITOR=cat &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git -c core.commentchar=";" commit -a -v 2>err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Aborting commit due to empty commit message." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status does not verbose without --verbose' '
+	git status >actual &&
+	! grep "^diff --git" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup -v -v' '
+	echo dirty >file
+'
+
+for i in true 1
+do
+	test_expect_success "commit.verbose=$i and --verbose omitted" "
+		git -c commit.verbose=$i commit --amend &&
+		test_line_count = 1 out
+	"
+done
+
+for i in false -2 -1 0
+do
+	test_expect_success "commit.verbose=$i and --verbose omitted" "
+		git -c commit.verbose=$i commit --amend &&
+		test_line_count = 0 out
+	"
+done
+
+for i in 2 3
+do
+	test_expect_success "commit.verbose=$i and --verbose omitted" "
+		git -c commit.verbose=$i commit --amend &&
+		test_line_count = 2 out
+	"
+done
+
+for i in true false -2 -1 0 1 2 3
+do
+	test_expect_success "commit.verbose=$i and --verbose" "
+		git -c commit.verbose=$i commit --amend --verbose &&
+		test_line_count = 1 out
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "commit.verbose=$i and --no-verbose" "
+		git -c commit.verbose=$i commit --amend --no-verbose &&
+		test_line_count = 0 out
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "commit.verbose=$i and -v -v" "
+		git -c commit.verbose=$i commit --amend -v -v &&
+		test_line_count = 2 out
+	"
+done
+
+test_expect_success "status ignores commit.verbose=true" '
+	git -c commit.verbose=true status >actual &&
+	! grep "^diff --git actual"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
index fc57b135c5..c3ed7cb51c 100755
--- a/t/t7508-status.sh
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ test_description='git status'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'status -h in broken repository' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	mkdir broken &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -fr broken" &&
 	(
@@ -59,7 +60,20 @@ test_expect_success 'status (1)' '
 	test_i18ngrep "use \"git rm --cached <file>\.\.\.\" to unstage" output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
+strip_comments () {
+	tab='	'
+	sed "s/^\# //; s/^\#$//; s/^#$tab/$tab/" <"$1" >"$1".tmp &&
+	rm "$1" && mv "$1".tmp "$1"
+}
+
+cat >.gitignore <<\EOF
+.gitignore
+expect*
+output*
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status --column' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
 # On branch master
 # Changes to be committed:
 #   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
@@ -75,39 +89,111 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
+#	dir1/untracked dir2/untracked
+#	dir2/modified  untracked
+#
 EOF
+	COLUMNS=50 git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status --column="column dense" >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'status (2)' '
-	git status >output &&
+test_expect_success 'status --column status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	COLUMNS=49 git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status --column="column dense" >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 # On branch master
 # Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
 # Changes not staged for commit:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
 #	modified:   dir1/modified
 #
 # Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
 #	dir1/untracked
 #	dir2/modified
 #	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
 #	untracked
+#
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status with status.displayCommentPrefix=true' '
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -v' '
+	(cat expect && git diff --cached) >expect-with-v &&
+	git status -v >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect-with-v output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -v -v' '
+	(cat expect &&
+	 echo "Changes to be committed:" &&
+	 git -c diff.mnemonicprefix=true diff --cached &&
+	 echo "--------------------------------------------------" &&
+	 echo "Changes not staged for commit:" &&
+	 git -c diff.mnemonicprefix=true diff) >expect-with-v &&
+	git status -v -v >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect-with-v output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
+	cat >.git/editor <<-\EOF &&
+	#! /bin/sh
+	cp "$1" output
+EOF
+	chmod 755 .git/editor
+'
+
+commit_template_commented () {
+	(
+		EDITOR=.git/editor &&
+		export EDITOR &&
+		# Fails due to empty message
+		test_must_fail git commit
+	) &&
+	! grep '^[^#]' output
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'commit ignores status.displayCommentPrefix=false in COMMIT_EDITMSG' '
+	commit_template_commented
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status (advice.statusHints false)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset advice.statusHints" &&
-	git config advice.statusHints false &&
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -119,8 +205,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -134,7 +218,7 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s' '
 test_expect_success 'status with gitignore' '
 	{
 		echo ".gitignore" &&
-		echo "expect" &&
+		echo "expect*" &&
 		echo "output" &&
 		echo "untracked"
 	} >.gitignore &&
@@ -155,39 +239,43 @@ test_expect_success 'status with gitignore' '
 	!! dir1/untracked
 	!! dir2/untracked
 	!! expect
+	!! expect-with-v
 	!! output
 	!! untracked
 	EOF
 	git status -s --ignored >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	new file:   dir2/added
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   dir1/modified
-	#
-	# Untracked files:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	dir2/modified
-	# Ignored files:
-	#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	.gitignore
-	#	dir1/untracked
-	#	dir2/untracked
-	#	expect
-	#	output
-	#	untracked
-	EOF
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir2/modified
+
+Ignored files:
+  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitignore
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	expect-with-v
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignored >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -195,7 +283,7 @@ test_expect_success 'status with gitignore' '
 test_expect_success 'status with gitignore (nothing untracked)' '
 	{
 		echo ".gitignore" &&
-		echo "expect" &&
+		echo "expect*" &&
 		echo "dir2/modified" &&
 		echo "output" &&
 		echo "untracked"
@@ -216,41 +304,48 @@ test_expect_success 'status with gitignore (nothing untracked)' '
 	!! dir2/modified
 	!! dir2/untracked
 	!! expect
+	!! expect-with-v
 	!! output
 	!! untracked
 	EOF
 	git status -s --ignored >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	new file:   dir2/added
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   dir1/modified
-	#
-	# Ignored files:
-	#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	.gitignore
-	#	dir1/untracked
-	#	dir2/modified
-	#	dir2/untracked
-	#	expect
-	#	output
-	#	untracked
-	EOF
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Ignored files:
+  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitignore
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	expect-with-v
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignored >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-rm -f .gitignore
+cat >.gitignore <<\EOF
+.gitignore
+expect*
+output*
+EOF
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 ## master
@@ -259,8 +354,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -271,55 +364,62 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s -b' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status -s -z -b' '
+	tr "\\n" Q <expect >expect.q &&
+	mv expect.q expect &&
+	git status -s -z -b >output &&
+	nul_to_q <output >output.q &&
+	mv output.q output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup dir3' '
 	mkdir dir3 &&
 	: >dir3/untracked1 &&
 	: >dir3/untracked2
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -uno' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles no &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files not listed
-EOF
-git config advice.statusHints false
 test_expect_success 'status -uno (advice.statusHints false)' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed
+EOF
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
-git config --unset advice.statusHints
 
 cat >expect << EOF
  M dir1/modified
@@ -331,43 +431,41 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s -uno' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	dir3/
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -unormal' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	dir3/
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status -unormal >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles normal &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -379,8 +477,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
 ?? dir3/
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s -unormal' '
@@ -389,44 +485,42 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s -unormal' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	dir3/untracked1
-#	dir3/untracked2
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -uall' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	dir3/untracked1
+	dir3/untracked2
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status -uall >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -441,48 +535,43 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s -uall' '
-	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles
+	test_unconfig status.showuntrackedfiles &&
 	git status -s -uall >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	rm -rf dir3 &&
-	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   ../dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	untracked
-#	../dir2/modified
-#	../dir2/untracked
-#	../expect
-#	../output
-#	../untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'status with relative paths' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   ../dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	untracked
+	../dir2/modified
+	../dir2/untracked
+	../untracked
+
+EOF
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -493,8 +582,6 @@ A  ../dir2/added
 ?? untracked
 ?? ../dir2/modified
 ?? ../dir2/untracked
-?? ../expect
-?? ../output
 ?? ../untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s with relative paths' '
@@ -510,8 +597,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -529,40 +614,36 @@ test_expect_success 'setup unique colors' '
 
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>expect<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>output<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'status with color.ui' '
-	git config color.ui always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.ui" &&
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
+	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
+	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
+	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
+
+EOF
+	test_config color.ui always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status with color.status' '
-	git config color.status always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.status" &&
+	test_config color.status always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -573,8 +654,6 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir1/untracked
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/modified
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/untracked
-<BLUE>??<RESET> expect
-<BLUE>??<RESET> output
 <BLUE>??<RESET> untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -602,8 +681,6 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir1/untracked
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/modified
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/untracked
-<BLUE>??<RESET> expect
-<BLUE>??<RESET> output
 <BLUE>??<RESET> untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -620,8 +697,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -647,42 +722,44 @@ test_expect_success 'status --porcelain ignores color.status' '
 git config --unset color.status
 git config --unset color.ui
 
-test_expect_success 'status --porcelain ignores -b' '
+test_expect_success 'status --porcelain respects -b' '
 
 	git status --porcelain -b >output &&
+	{
+		echo "## master" &&
+		cat expect
+	} >tmp &&
+	mv tmp expect &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 
 
 test_expect_success 'status without relative paths' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+EOF
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -694,37 +771,33 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s without relative paths' '
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status -s) >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
 '
 
-cat <<EOF >expect
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'dry-run of partial commit excluding new file in index' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git commit --dry-run dir1/modified >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -749,31 +822,30 @@ test_expect_success 'setup status submodule summary' '
 	git add sm
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status submodule summary is disabled by default' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -791,8 +863,6 @@ A  sm
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary is disabled by default' '
@@ -808,41 +878,50 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s --untracked-files=all does not show submodule' '
 
 head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
-#   > Add foo
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status submodule summary' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm 0000000...$head (1):
+  > Add foo
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary with status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit with submodule summary ignores status.displayCommentPrefix' '
+	commit_template_commented
+'
+
 cat >expect <<EOF
  M dir1/modified
 A  dir2/added
@@ -850,8 +929,6 @@ A  sm
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary' '
@@ -859,26 +936,25 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule): commit' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule): commit' '
 	git commit -m "commit submodule" &&
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	test_must_fail git commit --dry-run >output &&
@@ -892,8 +968,6 @@ cat >expect <<EOF
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary (clean submodule)' '
@@ -908,36 +982,35 @@ test_expect_success 'status -z implies porcelain' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
-#   > Add foo
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'commit --dry-run submodule summary (--amend)' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm 0000000...$head (1):
+  > Add foo
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	git commit --dry-run --amend >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
@@ -962,52 +1035,49 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'status succeeds in a read-only repository'
 new_head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 touch .gitmodules
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	echo modified  sm/untracked &&
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1027,15 +1097,14 @@ test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=dirty suppresses submodules with untrac
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	! test -s actual &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1074,39 +1143,37 @@ test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with modifie
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#   (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#	modified:   sm (modified content)
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodules with modified content" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+	modified:   sm (modified content)
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -1132,43 +1199,41 @@ test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=untracked doesn't suppress submodules wi
 
 head2=$(cd sm && git commit -q -m "2nd commit" foo && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#	modified:   sm (new commits)
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Submodules changed but not updated:
-#
-# * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
-#   > 2nd commit
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+	modified:   sm (new commits)
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Submodules changed but not updated:
+
+* sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+  > 2nd commit
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -1216,32 +1281,99 @@ test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=dirty doesn't suppress submodule summary
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+; On branch master
+; Changes to be committed:
+;   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+;
+;	modified:   sm
+;
+; Changes not staged for commit:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+;   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+;
+;	modified:   dir1/modified
+;	modified:   sm (new commits)
+;
+; Submodule changes to be committed:
+;
+; * sm $head...$new_head (1):
+;   > Add bar
+;
+; Submodules changed but not updated:
+;
+; * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+;   > 2nd commit
+;
+; Untracked files:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+;
+;	.gitmodules
+;	dir1/untracked
+;	dir2/modified
+;	dir2/untracked
+;	untracked
+;
 EOF
 
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with two chars with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";;" &&
+	test_must_fail git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status
+'
+
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=all suppresses submodule summary" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=all > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses unstaged submodule summary' '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status > output &&
@@ -1249,7 +1381,7 @@ test_expect_failure '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=all suppresses unstaged submodule summary' '
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore all &&
@@ -1260,4 +1392,111 @@ test_expect_failure '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup of test environment' '
+	git config status.showUntrackedFiles no &&
+	git status -s >expected_short &&
+	git status --no-short >expected_noshort
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=true" same as "-s"' '
+	git -c status.short=true status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_short actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=true" weaker than "--no-short"' '
+	git -c status.short=true status --no-short >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_noshort actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=false" same as "--no-short"' '
+	git -c status.short=false status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_noshort actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=false" weaker than "-s"' '
+	git -c status.short=false status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_short actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" same as "-b"' '
+	git status -sb >expected_branch &&
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_branch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" different from "--no-branch"' '
+	git status -s --no-branch  >expected_nobranch &&
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s >actual &&
+	test_must_fail test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" weaker than "--no-branch"' '
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s --no-branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" weaker than "--porcelain"' '
+       git -c status.branch=true status --porcelain >actual &&
+       test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=false" same as "--no-branch"' '
+	git -c status.branch=false status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=false" weaker than "-b"' '
+	git -c status.branch=false status -sb >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_branch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Restore default test environment' '
+	git config --unset status.showUntrackedFiles
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit will commit a staged but ignored submodule' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git status -s --ignore-submodules=dirty >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^M. sm" output &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="echo hello >>\"\$1\"" &&
+	export GIT_EDITOR &&
+	git commit -uno &&
+	git status -s --ignore-submodules=dirty >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "^M. sm" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit --dry-run will show a staged but ignored submodule' '
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add sm &&
+	cat >expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git commit -uno --dry-run >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
+	git status -s --ignore-submodules=dirty >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^M. sm" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit -m will commit a staged but ignored submodule' '
+	git commit -uno -m message &&
+	git status -s --ignore-submodules=dirty >output &&
+	 test_i18ngrep ! "^M. sm" output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7509-commit.sh b/t/t7509-commit.sh
index b61fd3c3c4..db9774e345 100755
--- a/t/t7509-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7509-commit.sh
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ test_expect_success '--amend option copies authorship' '
 	git commit -a --amend -m "amend test" &&
 	author_header Initial >expect &&
 	author_header HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	echo "amend test" >expect &&
 	message_body HEAD >actual &&
@@ -89,22 +90,10 @@ sha1_file() {
 remove_object() {
 	rm -f $(sha1_file "$*")
 }
-no_reflog() {
-	cp .git/config .git/config.saved &&
-	echo "[core] logallrefupdates = false" >>.git/config &&
-	test_when_finished "mv -f .git/config.saved .git/config" &&
-
-	if test -e .git/logs
-	then
-		mv .git/logs . &&
-		test_when_finished "mv logs .git/"
-	fi
-}
 
 test_expect_success '--amend option with empty author' '
 	git cat-file commit Initial >tmp &&
 	sed "s/author [^<]* </author  </" tmp >empty-author &&
-	no_reflog &&
 	sha=$(git hash-object -t commit -w empty-author) &&
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $sha" &&
 	git checkout $sha &&
@@ -118,7 +107,6 @@ test_expect_success '--amend option with empty author' '
 test_expect_success '--amend option with missing author' '
 	git cat-file commit Initial >tmp &&
 	sed "s/author [^<]* </author </" tmp >malformed &&
-	no_reflog &&
 	sha=$(git hash-object -t commit -w malformed) &&
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $sha" &&
 	git checkout $sha &&
diff --git a/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh b/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4177a8609a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='signed commit tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'create signed commits' '
+	test_when_finished "test_unconfig commit.gpgsign" &&
+
+	echo 1 >file && git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+
+	echo 2 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -S -m second &&
+	git tag second &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo 3 >elif && git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "third on side" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge -S side &&
+	git tag merge &&
+
+	echo 4 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "fourth unsigned" &&
+	git tag fourth-unsigned &&
+
+	test_tick && git commit --amend -S -m "fourth signed" &&
+	git tag fourth-signed &&
+
+	git config commit.gpgsign true &&
+	echo 5 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "fifth signed" &&
+	git tag fifth-signed &&
+
+	git config commit.gpgsign false &&
+	echo 6 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "sixth" &&
+	git tag sixth-unsigned &&
+
+	git config commit.gpgsign true &&
+	echo 7 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "seventh" --no-gpg-sign &&
+	git tag seventh-unsigned &&
+
+	test_tick && git rebase -f HEAD^^ && git tag sixth-signed HEAD^ &&
+	git tag seventh-signed &&
+
+	echo 8 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m eighth -SB7227189 &&
+	git tag eighth-signed-alt &&
+
+	# commit.gpgsign is still on but this must not be signed
+	git tag ninth-unsigned $(echo 9 | git commit-tree HEAD^{tree}) &&
+	# explicit -S of course must sign.
+	git tag tenth-signed $(echo 9 | git commit-tree -S HEAD^{tree})
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verify and show signatures' '
+	(
+		for commit in initial second merge fourth-signed \
+			fifth-signed sixth-signed seventh-signed tenth-signed
+		do
+			git verify-commit $commit &&
+			git show --pretty=short --show-signature $commit >actual &&
+			grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for commit in merge^2 fourth-unsigned sixth-unsigned \
+			seventh-unsigned ninth-unsigned
+		do
+			test_must_fail git verify-commit $commit &&
+			git show --pretty=short --show-signature $commit >actual &&
+			! grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for commit in eighth-signed-alt
+		do
+			git show --pretty=short --show-signature $commit >actual &&
+			grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			grep "not certified" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verify-commit exits success on untrusted signature' '
+	git verify-commit eighth-signed-alt 2>actual &&
+	grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+	! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+	grep "not certified" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verify signatures with --raw' '
+	(
+		for commit in initial second merge fourth-signed fifth-signed sixth-signed seventh-signed
+		do
+			git verify-commit --raw $commit 2>actual &&
+			grep "GOODSIG" actual &&
+			! grep "BADSIG" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for commit in merge^2 fourth-unsigned sixth-unsigned seventh-unsigned
+		do
+			test_must_fail git verify-commit --raw $commit 2>actual &&
+			! grep "GOODSIG" actual &&
+			! grep "BADSIG" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for commit in eighth-signed-alt
+		do
+			git verify-commit --raw $commit 2>actual &&
+			grep "GOODSIG" actual &&
+			! grep "BADSIG" actual &&
+			grep "TRUST_UNDEFINED" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show signed commit with signature' '
+	git show -s initial >commit &&
+	git show -s --show-signature initial >show &&
+	git verify-commit -v initial >verify.1 2>verify.2 &&
+	git cat-file commit initial >cat &&
+	grep -v -e "gpg: " -e "Warning: " show >show.commit &&
+	grep -e "gpg: " -e "Warning: " show >show.gpg &&
+	grep -v "^ " cat | grep -v "^gpgsig " >cat.commit &&
+	test_cmp show.commit commit &&
+	test_cmp show.gpg verify.2 &&
+	test_cmp cat.commit verify.1
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'detect fudged signature' '
+	git cat-file commit seventh-signed >raw &&
+
+	sed -e "s/seventh/7th forged/" raw >forged1 &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit forged1 >forged1.commit &&
+	! git verify-commit $(cat forged1.commit) &&
+	git show --pretty=short --show-signature $(cat forged1.commit) >actual1 &&
+	grep "BAD signature from" actual1 &&
+	! grep "Good signature from" actual1
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'detect fudged signature with NUL' '
+	git cat-file commit seventh-signed >raw &&
+	cat raw >forged2 &&
+	echo Qwik | tr "Q" "\000" >>forged2 &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit forged2 >forged2.commit &&
+	! git verify-commit $(cat forged2.commit) &&
+	git show --pretty=short --show-signature $(cat forged2.commit) >actual2 &&
+	grep "BAD signature from" actual2 &&
+	! grep "Good signature from" actual2
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'amending already signed commit' '
+	git checkout fourth-signed^0 &&
+	git commit --amend -S --no-edit &&
+	git verify-commit HEAD &&
+	git show -s --show-signature HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+	! grep "BAD signature from" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show good signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	G
+	13B6F51ECDDE430D
+	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" sixth-signed >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show bad signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	B
+	13B6F51ECDDE430D
+	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" $(cat forged1.commit) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show unknown signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	U
+	61092E85B7227189
+	Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" eighth-signed-alt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show lack of signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	N
+
+
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" seventh-unsigned >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7512-status-help.sh b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..49d19a3b36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,946 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Valentin Duperray, Lucien Kong, Franck Jonas,
+#		     Thomas Nguy, Khoi Nguyen
+#		     Grenoble INP Ensimag
+#
+
+test_description='git status advice'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+set_fake_editor
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
+	test_commit init main.txt init &&
+	git branch conflicts &&
+	test_commit on_master main.txt on_master &&
+	git checkout conflicts &&
+	test_commit on_conflicts main.txt on_conflicts
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts unresolved' '
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflicts
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts resolved before commit' '
+	git reset --hard conflicts &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	echo one >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflicts
+All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
+  (use "git commit" to conclude merge)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_conflicts &&
+	test_commit one_rebase main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_rebase main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_rebase main.txt three
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before resolving conflicts' '
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+  (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before rebase --continue' '
+	git reset --hard rebase_conflicts &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	echo three >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase_i_conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	test_commit one_unmerge main.txt one_unmerge &&
+	git branch rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_commit one_master main.txt one_master &&
+	git checkout rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_commit one_second main.txt one_second
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i when conflicts unresolved' '
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
+	LAST_COMMIT=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts_second) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last command done (1 command done):
+   pick $LAST_COMMIT one_second
+No commands remaining.
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+  (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i after resolving conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
+	LAST_COMMIT=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts_second) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last command done (1 command done):
+   pick $LAST_COMMIT one_second
+No commands remaining.
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebasing -i in edit mode' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_i_edit &&
+	test_commit one_rebase_i main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_rebase_i main.txt two &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_edit) &&
+	test_commit three_rebase_i main.txt three &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_edit) &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~2) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   pick $COMMIT2 two_rebase_i
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_rebase_i
+No commands remaining.
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_edit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when splitting a commit' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b split_commit &&
+	test_commit one_split main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_split main.txt two &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short split_commit) &&
+	test_commit three_split main.txt three &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short split_commit) &&
+	test_commit four_split main.txt four &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short split_commit) &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   pick $COMMIT2 two_split
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_split
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_split
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''split_commit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status after editing the last commit with --amend during a rebase -i' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b amend_last &&
+	test_commit one_amend main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_amend main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_amend main.txt three &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short amend_last) &&
+	test_commit four_amend main.txt four &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short amend_last) &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (3 commands done):
+   pick $COMMIT3 three_amend
+   edit $COMMIT4 four_amend
+  (see more in file .git/rebase-merge/done)
+No commands remaining.
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''amend_last'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for several edits' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b several_edits &&
+	test_commit one_edits main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_edits main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_edits main.txt three &&
+	test_commit four_edits main.txt four
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit' '
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "a" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "b" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "c" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "d" &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit -m "e" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit --amend -m "f" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^^) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits^) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short several_edits) &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit --amend -m "g" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "h" &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   edit $COMMIT2 two_edits
+   edit $COMMIT3 three_edits
+Next command to do (1 remaining command):
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_edits
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare am_session' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b am_session &&
+	test_commit one_am one.txt "one" &&
+	test_commit two_am two.txt "two" &&
+	test_commit three_am three.txt "three"
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: file already exists' '
+	git checkout -b am_already_exists &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_already_exists
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git am --continue")
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: file does not exist' '
+	git reset --hard am_session &&
+	git checkout -b am_not_exists &&
+	git rm three.txt &&
+	git commit -m "delete three.txt" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_not_exists
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git am --continue")
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: empty patch' '
+	git reset --hard am_session &&
+	git checkout -b am_empty &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -3 -oMaildir &&
+	git rm one.txt two.txt three.txt &&
+	git commit -m "delete all am_empty" &&
+	echo error >Maildir/0002-two_am.patch &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_empty
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+The current patch is empty.
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when bisecting' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b bisect &&
+	test_commit one_bisect main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_bisect main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_bisect main.txt three &&
+	test_when_finished "git bisect reset" &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect bad &&
+	git bisect good one_bisect &&
+	TGT=$(git rev-parse --short two_bisect) &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+HEAD detached at $TGT
+You are currently bisecting, started from branch '\''bisect'\''.
+  (use "git bisect reset" to get back to the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase conflicts with statushints disabled' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b statushints_disabled &&
+	test_when_finished "git config --local advice.statushints true" &&
+	git config --local advice.statushints false &&
+	test_commit one_statushints main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_statushints main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_statushints main.txt three &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''statushints_disabled'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+
+Unmerged paths:
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for cherry-pick conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b cherry_branch &&
+	test_commit one_cherry main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_cherries main.txt two &&
+	git checkout -b cherry_branch_second &&
+	test_commit second_cherry main.txt second &&
+	git checkout cherry_branch &&
+	test_commit three_cherries main.txt three
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking before resolving conflicts' '
+	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
+	TO_CHERRY_PICK=$(git rev-parse --short CHERRY_PICK_HEAD) &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch cherry_branch
+You are currently cherry-picking commit $TO_CHERRY_PICK.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
+  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking after resolving conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard cherry_branch &&
+	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
+	TO_CHERRY_PICK=$(git rev-parse --short CHERRY_PICK_HEAD) &&
+	echo end >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch cherry_branch
+You are currently cherry-picking commit $TO_CHERRY_PICK.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git cherry-pick --continue")
+  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status showing detached at and from a tag' '
+	test_commit atag tagging &&
+	git checkout atag &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+HEAD detached at atag
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+HEAD detached from atag
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo before >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit before to-revert.txt &&
+	echo old >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit old to-revert.txt &&
+	echo new >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit new to-revert.txt &&
+	TO_REVERT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
+	test_must_fail git revert $TO_REVERT &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
+  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   to-revert.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts resolved)' '
+	echo reverted >to-revert.txt &&
+	git add to-revert.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
+  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   to-revert.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status after reverting commit' '
+	git revert --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for different number of commits rebased' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b several_commits &&
+	test_commit one_commit main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_commit main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_commit main.txt three &&
+	test_commit four_commit main.txt four
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status: one command done nothing remaining' '
+	FAKE_LINES="exec_exit_15" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last command done (1 command done):
+   exec exit 15
+No commands remaining.
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_commits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status: two commands done with some white lines in done file' '
+	FAKE_LINES="1 > exec_exit_15  2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (2 commands done):
+   pick $COMMIT2 two_commit
+   exec exit 15
+Next commands to do (2 remaining commands):
+   pick $COMMIT3 three_commit
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_commit
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_commits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status: two remaining commands with some white lines in todo file' '
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 exec_exit_15 3 > 4" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~4) &&
+	COMMIT4=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	COMMIT3=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
+	COMMIT2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~4 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+interactive rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+Last commands done (3 commands done):
+   pick $COMMIT2 two_commit
+   exec exit 15
+  (see more in file .git/rebase-merge/done)
+Next commands to do (2 remaining commands):
+   pick $COMMIT3 three_commit
+   pick $COMMIT4 four_commit
+  (use "git rebase --edit-todo" to view and edit)
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_commits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh b/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..aee785cffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,962 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Christian Couder
+#
+
+test_description='git interpret-trailers'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# When we want one trailing space at the end of each line, let's use sed
+# to make sure that these spaces are not removed by any automatic tool.
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	: >empty &&
+	cat >basic_message <<-\EOF &&
+		subject
+
+		body
+	EOF
+	cat >complex_message_body <<-\EOF &&
+		my subject
+
+		my body which is long
+		and contains some special
+		chars like : = ? !
+
+	EOF
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >complex_message_trailers <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by: Z
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	cat >basic_patch <<-\EOF
+		---
+		 foo.txt | 2 +-
+		 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
+
+		diff --git a/foo.txt b/foo.txt
+		index 0353767..1d91aa1 100644
+		--- a/foo.txt
+		+++ b/foo.txt
+		@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+
+		-bar
+		+baz
+
+		--
+		1.9.rc0.11.ga562ddc
+
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'without config' '
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		ack: Peff
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Acked-by: Johan
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack = Peff" --trailer "Reviewed-by" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by: Johan" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'without config in another order' '
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Acked-by: Johan
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		ack: Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "Acked-by: Johan" --trailer "Reviewed-by" \
+		--trailer "ack = Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--trim-empty without config' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		ack: Peff
+		Acked-by: Johan
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer ack=Peff \
+		--trailer "Reviewed-by" --trailer "Acked-by: Johan" \
+		--trailer "sob:" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config option on the command line' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Acked-by: Johan
+		Reviewed-by: Peff
+	EOF
+	{ echo; echo "Acked-by: Johan"; } |
+	git -c "trailer.Acked-by.ifexists=addifdifferent" interpret-trailers \
+		--trailer "Reviewed-by: Peff" --trailer "Acked-by: Johan" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with only a title in the message' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+		area: change
+
+		Reviewed-by: Peff
+		Acked-by: Johan
+	EOF
+	echo "area: change" |
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "Reviewed-by: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by: Johan" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with multiline title in the message' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+		place of
+		code: change
+
+		Reviewed-by: Peff
+		Acked-by: Johan
+	EOF
+	printf "%s\n" "place of" "code: change" |
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "Reviewed-by: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by: Johan" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config setup' '
+	git config trailer.ack.key "Acked-by: " &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Acked-by: Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack = Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Acked-by = Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Acked-by :Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config setup and ":=" as separators' '
+	git config trailer.separators ":=" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.key "Acked-by= " &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack = Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Acked-by= Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Acked-by : Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config setup and "%" as separators' '
+	git config trailer.separators "%" &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		bug% 42
+		count% 10
+		bug% 422
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "bug = 42" \
+		--trailer count%10 --trailer "test: stuff" \
+		--trailer "bug % 422" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with "%" as separators and a message with trailers' '
+	cat >special_message <<-\EOF &&
+		Special Message
+
+		bug% 42
+		count% 10
+		bug% 422
+	EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Special Message
+
+		bug% 42
+		count% 10
+		bug% 422
+		count% 100
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer count%100 \
+		special_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config setup and ":=#" as separators' '
+	git config trailer.separators ":=#" &&
+	git config trailer.bug.key "Bug #" &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Bug #42
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "bug = 42" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with commit basic message' '
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers <basic_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with basic patch' '
+	cat basic_message >input &&
+	cat basic_patch >>input &&
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers <input >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with commit complex message as argument' '
+	cat complex_message_body complex_message_trailers >complex_message &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with 2 files arguments' '
+	cat basic_message >>expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers complex_message input >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with message that has comments' '
+	cat basic_message >message_with_comments &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>message_with_comments <<-\EOF &&
+		# comment
+
+		# other comment
+		Cc: Z
+		# yet another comment
+		Reviewed-by: Johan
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		# last comment
+
+	EOF
+	cat basic_patch >>message_with_comments &&
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		# comment
+
+		Reviewed-by: Johan
+		Cc: Peff
+		# last comment
+
+	EOF
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Cc: Peff" message_with_comments >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with message that has an old style conflict block' '
+	cat basic_message >message_with_comments &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>message_with_comments <<-\EOF &&
+		# comment
+
+		# other comment
+		Cc: Z
+		# yet another comment
+		Reviewed-by: Johan
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		# last comment
+
+		Conflicts:
+
+	EOF
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		# comment
+
+		Reviewed-by: Johan
+		Cc: Peff
+		# last comment
+
+		Conflicts:
+
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Cc: Peff" message_with_comments >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with commit complex message and trailer args' '
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Bug #42
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with complex patch, args and --trim-empty' '
+	cat complex_message >complex_patch &&
+	cat basic_patch >>complex_patch &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Bug #42
+	EOF
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" <complex_patch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-place editing with basic patch' '
+	cat basic_message >message &&
+	cat basic_patch >>message &&
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers --in-place message &&
+	test_cmp expected message
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-place editing with additional trailer' '
+	cat basic_message >message &&
+	cat basic_patch >>message &&
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Reviewed-by: Alice
+	EOF
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "Reviewed-by: Alice" --in-place message &&
+	test_cmp expected message
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-place editing on stdin disallowed' '
+	test_must_fail git interpret-trailers --trailer "Reviewed-by: Alice" --in-place < basic_message
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-place editing on non-existing file' '
+	test_must_fail git interpret-trailers --trailer "Reviewed-by: Alice" --in-place nonexisting &&
+	test_path_is_missing nonexisting
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY "in-place editing doesn't clobber original file on error" '
+	cat basic_message >message &&
+	chmod -r message &&
+	test_must_fail git interpret-trailers --trailer "Reviewed-by: Alice" --in-place message &&
+	chmod +r message &&
+	test_cmp message basic_message
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = before"' '
+	git config trailer.bug.where "before" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = after"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.where "after" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.review.key "Reviewed-by" &&
+	git config trailer.review.where "end" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Reviewed-by: Junio
+		Reviewed-by: Johannes
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Reviewed-by: Junio" --trailer "Reviewed-by: Johannes" \
+		complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = start"' '
+	git config trailer.review.key "Reviewed-by" &&
+	git config trailer.review.where "start" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Reviewed-by: Johannes
+		Reviewed-by: Junio
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Reviewed-by: Junio" --trailer "Reviewed-by: Johannes" \
+		complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = before" for a token in the middle of the message' '
+	git config trailer.review.key "Reviewed-by:" &&
+	git config trailer.review.where "before" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:Johan
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "review: Johan" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = before" and --trim-empty' '
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #46
+		Bug #42
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:Johan
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "review: Johan" \
+		--trailer "Bug: 46" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default is "ifExists = addIfDifferentNeighbor"' '
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default "ifExists" is now "addIfDifferent"' '
+	git config trailer.ifexists "addIfDifferent" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferent" with "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferent" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "end" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferent" with "where = before"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferent" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "before" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferentNeighbor" with "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "end" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Tested-by: Jakub
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "Tested-by: Jakub" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferentNeighbor"  with "where = after"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "after" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Tested-by: Jakub
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "Tested-by: Jakub" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferentNeighbor" and --trim-empty' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by= Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = add" with "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "add" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "end" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Tested-by: Jakub
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Tested-by: Johannes
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by= Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "Tested-by: Jakub" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "Tested-by: Johannes" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = add" with "where = after"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "add" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "after" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by= Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = replace"' '
+	git config trailer.fix.key "Fixes: " &&
+	git config trailer.fix.ifExists "replace" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Fixes: 22
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "fix=53" --trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = replace" with "where = after"' '
+	git config trailer.fix.where "after" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: 22
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "fix=53" --trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = doNothing"' '
+	git config trailer.fix.ifExists "doNothing" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default is "ifMissing = add"' '
+	git config trailer.cc.key "Cc: " &&
+	git config trailer.cc.where "before" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Cc: Linus
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "fix=22" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'when default "ifMissing" is "doNothing"' '
+	git config trailer.ifmissing "doNothing" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "fix=22" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git config trailer.ifmissing "add"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifMissing = add" with "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.cc.key "Cc: " &&
+	git config trailer.cc.where "end" &&
+	git config trailer.cc.ifMissing "add" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Cc: Linus
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifMissing = add" with "where = before"' '
+	git config trailer.cc.key "Cc: " &&
+	git config trailer.cc.where "before" &&
+	git config trailer.cc.ifMissing "add" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Cc: Linus
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifMissing = doNothing"' '
+	git config trailer.cc.ifMissing "doNothing" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "fix=22" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default "where" is now "after"' '
+	git config trailer.where "after" &&
+	git config --unset trailer.ack.where &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Tested-by: Jakub
+		Tested-by: Johannes
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by= Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "Tested-by: Jakub" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "Tested-by: Johannes" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with simple command' '
+	git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: " &&
+	git config trailer.sign.where "after" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.command "echo \"A U Thor <author@example.com>\"" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with command using commiter information' '
+	git config trailer.sign.ifExists "addIfDifferent" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.command "echo \"\$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <\$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>\"" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with command using author information' '
+	git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: " &&
+	git config trailer.sign.where "after" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.command "echo \"\$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <\$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>\"" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a commit' '
+	echo "Content of the first commit." > a.txt &&
+	git add a.txt &&
+	git commit -m "Add file a.txt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with command using $ARG' '
+	git config trailer.fix.ifExists "replace" &&
+	git config trailer.fix.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG" &&
+	FIXED=$(git log -1 --oneline --format="%h (%s)" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 HEAD) &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-EOF &&
+		Fixes: $FIXED
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=HEAD" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with failing command using $ARG' '
+	git config trailer.fix.ifExists "replace" &&
+	git config trailer.fix.command "false \$ARG" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=HEAD" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with empty tokens' '
+	git config --unset trailer.fix.command &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer ":" --trailer ":test" >actual <<-EOF &&
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with command but no key' '
+	git config --unset trailer.sign.key &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+
+		sign: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers >actual <<-EOF &&
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with no command and no key' '
+	git config --unset trailer.review.key &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+
+		review: Junio
+		sign: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:Junio" >actual <<-EOF &&
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh b/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..998a2103c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='hunk edit with "commit -p -m"'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all="skipping '$test_description' tests, perl not available"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
+	echo line1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m commit1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit hunk "commit -p -m message"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f editor_was_started" &&
+	rm -f editor_was_started &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	echo e | env GIT_EDITOR=": >editor_was_started" git commit -p -m commit2 file &&
+	test -r editor_was_started
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit hunk "commit --dry-run -p -m message"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f editor_was_started" &&
+	rm -f editor_was_started &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	echo e | env GIT_EDITOR=": >editor_was_started" git commit -p -m commit3 file &&
+	test -r editor_was_started
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7515-status-symlinks.sh b/t/t7515-status-symlinks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9f989be01b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7515-status-symlinks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git status and symlinks'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo .gitignore >.gitignore &&
+	echo actual >>.gitignore &&
+	echo expect >>.gitignore &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	echo x >dir/file1 &&
+	echo y >dir/file2 &&
+	git add dir &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink to a directory' '
+	test_when_finished "rm symlink" &&
+	ln -s dir symlink &&
+	echo "?? symlink" >expect &&
+	git status --porcelain >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink replacing a directory' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf copy && git reset --hard initial" &&
+	mkdir copy &&
+	cp dir/file1 copy/file1 &&
+	echo "changed in copy" >copy/file2 &&
+	git add copy &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	rm -rf copy &&
+	ln -s dir copy &&
+	echo " D copy/file1" >expect &&
+	echo " D copy/file2" >>expect &&
+	echo "?? copy" >>expect &&
+	git status --porcelain >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7516-commit-races.sh b/t/t7516-commit-races.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f2ce14e907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7516-commit-races.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git commit races'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'race to create orphan commit' '
+	write_script hare-editor <<-\EOF &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m hare
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./hare-editor git commit --allow-empty -m tortoise -e &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%s >subject &&
+	grep hare subject &&
+	test -z "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%P)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'race to create non-orphan commit' '
+	write_script airplane-editor <<-\EOF &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m airplane
+	EOF
+	git checkout --orphan branch &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m base &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >base &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./airplane-editor git commit --allow-empty -m ship -e &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%s >subject &&
+	grep airplane subject &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^ >parent &&
+	test_cmp base parent
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7517-per-repo-email.sh b/t/t7517-per-repo-email.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..337e6e30c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7517-per-repo-email.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2016 Dan Aloni
+# Copyright (c) 2016 Jeff King
+#
+
+test_description='per-repo forced setting of email address'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a likely user.useConfigOnly use case' '
+	# we want to make sure a reflog is written, since that needs
+	# a non-strict ident. So be sure we have an actual commit.
+	test_commit foo &&
+
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	git config user.name "test" &&
+	git config --global user.useConfigOnly true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails committing if clone email is not set' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --allow-empty -m msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails committing if clone email is not set, but EMAIL set' '
+	test_must_fail env EMAIL=test@fail.com git commit --allow-empty -m msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'succeeds committing if clone email is set' '
+	test_config user.email "test@ok.com" &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'succeeds cloning if global email is not set' '
+	git clone . clone
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7600-merge.sh b/t/t7600-merge.sh
index 5d8c428543..85248a14b6 100755
--- a/t/t7600-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t7600-merge.sh
@@ -27,14 +27,17 @@ Testing basic merge operations/option parsing.
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
 
 printf '%s\n' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >file
 printf '%s\n' '1 X' 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >file.1
 printf '%s\n' 1 2 3 4 '5 X' 6 7 8 9 >file.5
 printf '%s\n' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 X' >file.9
+printf '%s\n' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 Y' >file.9y
 printf '%s\n' '1 X' 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >result.1
 printf '%s\n' '1 X' 2 3 4 '5 X' 6 7 8 9 >result.1-5
 printf '%s\n' '1 X' 2 3 4 '5 X' 6 7 8 '9 X' >result.1-5-9
+printf '%s\n' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 Z' >result.9z
 >empty
 
 create_merge_msgs () {
@@ -55,11 +58,11 @@ create_merge_msgs () {
 		echo &&
 		git log --no-merges ^HEAD c2 c3
 	} >squash.1-5-9 &&
-	echo >msg.nolog &&
+	: >msg.nologff &&
+	: >msg.nolognoff &&
 	{
 		echo "* tag 'c3':" &&
-		echo "  commit 3" &&
-		echo
+		echo "  commit 3"
 	} >msg.log
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ verify_merge () {
 	git diff --exit-code &&
 	if test -n "$3"
 	then
-		git show -s --pretty=format:%s HEAD >msg.act &&
+		git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s HEAD >msg.act &&
 		test_cmp "$3" msg.act
 	fi
 }
@@ -127,12 +130,18 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git tag c2 &&
 	c2=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git reset --hard "$c0" &&
+	cp file.9y file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "commit 7" &&
+	git tag c7 &&
+	git reset --hard "$c0" &&
 	cp file.9 file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "commit 3" &&
 	git tag c3 &&
-	c3=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	c3=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git reset --hard "$c0" &&
 	create_merge_msgs
 '
@@ -156,7 +165,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge -h with invalid index' '
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git merge -h 2>usage
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git merge" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git merge" broken/usage
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject non-strategy with a git-merge-foo name' '
@@ -217,6 +226,26 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2' '
 	verify_parents $c1 $c2
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge --squash c3 with c7' '
+	git reset --hard c3 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --squash c7 &&
+	cat result.9z >file &&
+	git commit --no-edit -a &&
+
+	{
+		cat <<-EOF
+		Squashed commit of the following:
+
+		$(git show -s c7)
+
+		# Conflicts:
+		#	file
+		EOF
+	} >expect &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 and c3' '
@@ -243,8 +272,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merges with --ff-only' '
 test_expect_success 'merges with merge.ff=only' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset merge.ff" &&
-	git config merge.ff only &&
+	test_config merge.ff "only" &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c3 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 c3 &&
@@ -315,7 +343,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash)' '
 
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
-test_expect_success 'unsuccesful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
+test_expect_success 'unsuccessful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge --squash --ff-only c2
 '
@@ -335,7 +363,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -345,12 +373,11 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config)' '
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge --log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --log &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--log" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -359,17 +386,12 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config gets overridden)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section branch.master" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section merge" &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section branch.master &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section merge &&
-
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
+	test_config merge.log "true" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -379,7 +401,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config gets overridden)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -391,7 +413,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --summary c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -405,7 +427,7 @@ test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --stat c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -421,7 +443,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge -n c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -437,7 +459,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --no-commit)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --commit c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -448,7 +470,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --squash)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-squash c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -459,7 +481,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
@@ -470,10 +491,9 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (merge.ff=false)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section merge &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents $c0 $c1
 '
@@ -481,22 +501,19 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'combine branch.master.mergeoptions with merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --ff &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--ff" &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section "branch.master" &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents "$c0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'tolerate unknown values for merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff something-new &&
+	test_config merge.ff "something-new" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 2>message &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_head "$c1" &&
 	test_cmp empty message
 '
@@ -507,14 +524,20 @@ test_expect_success 'combining --squash and --no-ff is refused' '
 	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --squash c1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'combining --ff-only and --no-ff is refused' '
-	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --no-ff c1 &&
-	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1
+test_expect_success 'option --ff-only overwrites --no-ff' '
+	git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'option --no-ff overrides merge.ff=only config' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config merge.ff only &&
+	git merge --no-ff c1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (ff overrides no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
 	git merge --ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_head $c1
@@ -524,14 +547,20 @@ test_expect_success 'merge log message' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	git merge --no-log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
-	test_cmp msg.nolog msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nologff msg.act &&
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	git merge --no-log c2 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nolognoff msg.act &&
 
 	git merge --log c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act &&
 
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	git config merge.log yes &&
+	test_config merge.log "yes" &&
 	git merge c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act
@@ -541,7 +570,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -552,7 +580,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -563,7 +590,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c1 and c2' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c1 c2 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -621,10 +647,10 @@ test_expect_success 'merge early part of c2' '
 	git tag c6 &&
 	git branch -f c5-branch c5 &&
 	git merge c5-branch~1 &&
-	git show -s --pretty=format:%s HEAD >actual.branch &&
+	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s HEAD >actual.branch &&
 	git reset --keep HEAD^ &&
 	git merge c5~1 &&
-	git show -s --pretty=format:%s HEAD >actual.tag &&
+	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s HEAD >actual.tag &&
 	test_cmp expected.branch actual.branch &&
 	test_cmp expected.tag actual.tag
 '
@@ -670,4 +696,71 @@ test_expect_success 'merge --no-ff --edit' '
 	test_cmp actual expected
 '
 
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge --ff-only tag' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "A newer commit" &&
+	git tag -s -m "A newer commit" signed &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+
+	git merge --ff-only signed &&
+	git rev-parse signed^0 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge --no-edit tag should skip editor' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "A newer commit" &&
+	git tag -f -s -m "A newer commit" signed &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+
+	EDITOR=false git merge --no-edit signed &&
+	git rev-parse signed^0 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up mod-256 conflict scenario' '
+	# 256 near-identical stanzas...
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 256); do
+		for j in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+			echo $i-$j
+		done
+	done >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+
+	# one side changes the first line of each to "master"
+	sed s/-1/-master/ <file >tmp &&
+	mv tmp file &&
+	git commit -am master &&
+
+	# and the other to "side"; merging the two will
+	# yield 256 separate conflicts
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	sed s/-1/-side/ <file >tmp &&
+	mv tmp file &&
+	git commit -am side
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge detects mod-256 conflicts (recursive)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge detects mod-256 conflicts (resolve)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge nothing into void' '
+	git init void &&
+	(
+		cd void &&
+		git remote add up .. &&
+		git fetch up &&
+		test_must_fail git merge FETCH_HEAD
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
index b44b293950..c6c44ec570 100755
--- a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
+++ b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
@@ -38,6 +38,35 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2' '
 	test -f c2.c
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fast-forward pull succeeds with "true" in pull.ff' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config pull.ff true &&
+	git pull . c1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse c1)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.ff=true overrides merge.ff=false' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config pull.ff true &&
+	git pull . c1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse c1)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-forward pull creates merge with "false" in pull.ff' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config pull.ff false &&
+	git pull . c1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" = "$(git rev-parse c0)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" = "$(git rev-parse c1)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull prevents non-fast-forward with "only" in pull.ff' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_config pull.ff only &&
+	test_must_fail git pull . c3
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (ours in pull.twohead)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git config pull.twohead ours &&
@@ -109,7 +138,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup conflicted merge' '
 '
 
 # First do the merge with resolve and recursive then verify that
-# recusive is choosen.
+# recursive is chosen.
 
 test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result' '
 	git config --unset-all pull.twohead &&
diff --git a/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh b/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
index 61f36baa1f..6abe441ae3 100755
--- a/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
+++ b/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 		git add c$i.c &&
 		git commit -m c$i &&
 		git tag c$i &&
-		i=`expr $i + 1` || return 1
+		i=$(expr $i + 1) || return 1
 	done
 '
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2, c3, c4, ... c29' '
 	while test $i -le 30
 	do
 		refs="$refs c$i"
-		i=`expr $i + 1`
+		i=$(expr $i + 1)
 	done &&
 	git merge $refs &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2, c3, c4, ... c29' '
 	while test $i -le 30
 	do
 		test "$(git rev-parse c$i)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^$i)" &&
-		i=`expr $i + 1` || return 1
+		i=$(expr $i + 1) || return 1
 	done &&
 	git diff --exit-code &&
 	i=1 &&
 	while test $i -le 30
 	do
 		test -f c$i.c &&
-		i=`expr $i + 1` || return 1
+		i=$(expr $i + 1) || return 1
 	done
 '
 
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ Trying simple merge with c2
 Trying simple merge with c3
 Trying simple merge with c4
 Merge made by the 'octopus' strategy.
- c2.c |    1 +
- c3.c |    1 +
- c4.c |    1 +
- 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ c2.c | 1 +
+ c3.c | 1 +
+ c4.c | 1 +
+ 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 c2.c
  create mode 100644 c3.c
  create mode 100644 c4.c
@@ -66,30 +66,28 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'merge output uses pretty names' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 c3 c4 >actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-Already up-to-date with c4
-Trying simple merge with c5
-Merge made by the 'octopus' strategy.
- c5.c |    1 +
- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
+ c5.c | 1 +
+ 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
  create mode 100644 c5.c
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'merge up-to-date output uses pretty names' '
-	git merge c4 c5 >actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+test_expect_success 'merge reduces irrelevant remote heads' '
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=0 git merge c4 c5 >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
 Fast-forwarding to: c1
 Trying simple merge with c2
 Merge made by the 'octopus' strategy.
- c1.c |    1 +
- c2.c |    1 +
- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ c1.c | 1 +
+ c2.c | 1 +
+ 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 c1.c
  create mode 100644 c2.c
 EOF
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'merge fast-forward output uses pretty names' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	git merge c1 c2 >actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh b/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh
index 7e17eb490d..98948955ae 100755
--- a/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh
+++ b/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh
@@ -57,7 +57,36 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2, c3, c4, c5' '
 	test -f c2.c &&
 	test -f c3.c &&
 	test -f c4.c &&
-	test -f c5.c
+	test -f c5.c &&
+	git show --format=%s -s >actual &&
+	! grep c1 actual &&
+	grep c2 actual &&
+	grep c3 actual &&
+	! grep c4 actual &&
+	grep c5 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull c2, c3, c4, c5 into c1' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git pull . c2 c3 c4 c5 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c2)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c3)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^3)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c5)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^4)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	test -f c0.c &&
+	test -f c1.c &&
+	test -f c2.c &&
+	test -f c3.c &&
+	test -f c4.c &&
+	test -f c5.c &&
+	git show --format=%s -s >actual &&
+	! grep c1 actual &&
+	grep c2 actual &&
+	grep c3 actual &&
+	! grep c4 actual &&
+	grep c5 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
@@ -113,4 +142,23 @@ test_expect_success 'verify merge result' '
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse E2) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse I2)
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-forward to redundant refs' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge c4 c5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge result' '
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse c5)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge up-to-date redundant refs' '
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	git merge c0 c4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge result' '
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse c5)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7605-merge-resolve.sh b/t/t7605-merge-resolve.sh
index 0cb9d11f21..5d56c38546 100755
--- a/t/t7605-merge-resolve.sh
+++ b/t/t7605-merge-resolve.sh
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git tag c3
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'merge c1 to c2' '
+merge_c1_to_c2_cmds='
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge -s resolve c2 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 to c2' '
 	test 3 = $(git ls-files | wc -l)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 to c2'        "$merge_c1_to_c2_cmds"
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 to c2, again' "$merge_c1_to_c2_cmds"
+
 test_expect_success 'merge c2 to c3 (fails)' '
 	git reset --hard c2 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve c3
diff --git a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
index aa74184c31..758a623cdb 100755
--- a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
@@ -92,6 +92,15 @@ test_expect_success 'will not overwrite removed file with staged changes' '
 	test_cmp important c1.c
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'will not overwrite unstaged changes in renamed file' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git mv c1.c other.c &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	cp important other.c &&
+	git merge c1a &&
+	test_cmp important other.c
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'will not overwrite untracked subtree' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	rm -rf sub &&
@@ -132,11 +141,10 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'will not overwrite untracked symlink in leading pa
 	test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'will not be confused by symlink in leading path' '
+test_expect_success 'will not be confused by symlink in leading path' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	rm -rf sub &&
-	ln -s sub2 sub &&
-	git add sub &&
+	test_ln_s_add sub2 sub &&
 	git commit -m ln &&
 	git checkout sub
 '
diff --git a/t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh b/t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh
index 0e4a682c64..6729cb379f 100755
--- a/t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh
+++ b/t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh
@@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'untracked files overwritten by merge (fast and non-fast forward)' '
 	test_must_fail git merge branch 2>out &&
-	test_cmp out expect &&
+	test_i18ncmp out expect &&
 	git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
 	(
 		GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=0 &&
 		export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY &&
 		test_must_fail git merge branch 2>out2
 	) &&
-	test_cmp out2 expect &&
+	test_i18ncmp out2 expect &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^
 '
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:
 	four
 	three
 	two
-Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge.
+Please commit your changes or stash them before you can merge.
 error: The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:
 	five
 Please move or remove them before you can merge.
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ test_expect_success 'untracked files or local changes ovewritten by merge' '
 	git add three &&
 	git add four &&
 	test_must_fail git merge branch 2>out &&
-	test_cmp out expect
+	test_i18ncmp out expect
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:
 	rep/one
 	rep/two
-Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches.
+Please commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches.
 Aborting
 EOF
 
@@ -87,21 +87,21 @@ test_expect_success 'cannot switch branches because of local changes' '
 	echo uno >rep/one &&
 	echo dos >rep/two &&
 	test_must_fail git checkout branch 2>out &&
-	test_cmp out expect
+	test_i18ncmp out expect
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:
 	rep/one
 	rep/two
-Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches.
+Please commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches.
 Aborting
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'not uptodate file porcelain checkout error' '
 	git add rep/one rep/two &&
 	test_must_fail git checkout branch 2>out &&
-	test_cmp out expect
+	test_i18ncmp out expect
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ test_expect_success 'not_uptodate_dir porcelain checkout error' '
 	>rep/untracked-file &&
 	>rep2/untracked-file &&
 	test_must_fail git checkout branch 2>out &&
-	test_cmp out ../expect
+	test_i18ncmp out ../expect
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
index 4aab2a75b8..76306cf268 100755
--- a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
+++ b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
@@ -14,435 +14,591 @@ Testing basic merge tool invocation'
 # running mergetool
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-    git config rerere.enabled true &&
-    echo master >file1 &&
-    echo master spaced >"spaced name" &&
-    echo master file11 >file11 &&
-    echo master file12 >file12 &&
-    echo master file13 >file13 &&
-    echo master file14 >file14 &&
-    mkdir subdir &&
-    echo master sub >subdir/file3 &&
-    test_create_repo submod &&
-    (
-	cd submod &&
-	: >foo &&
-	git add foo &&
-	git commit -m "Add foo"
-    ) &&
-    git submodule add git://example.com/submod submod &&
-    git add file1 "spaced name" file1[1-4] subdir/file3 .gitmodules submod &&
-    git commit -m "add initial versions" &&
-
-    git checkout -b branch1 master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    echo branch1 change >file1 &&
-    echo branch1 newfile >file2 &&
-    echo branch1 spaced >"spaced name" &&
-    echo branch1 change file11 >file11 &&
-    echo branch1 change file13 >file13 &&
-    echo branch1 sub >subdir/file3 &&
-    (
-	cd submod &&
-	echo branch1 submodule >bar &&
-	git add bar &&
-	git commit -m "Add bar on branch1" &&
-	git checkout -b submod-branch1
-    ) &&
-    git add file1 "spaced name" file11 file13 file2 subdir/file3 submod &&
-    git rm file12 &&
-    git commit -m "branch1 changes" &&
-
-    git checkout master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    echo master updated >file1 &&
-    echo master new >file2 &&
-    echo master updated spaced >"spaced name" &&
-    echo master updated file12 >file12 &&
-    echo master updated file14 >file14 &&
-    echo master new sub >subdir/file3 &&
-    (
-	cd submod &&
-	echo master submodule >bar &&
-	git add bar &&
-	git commit -m "Add bar on master" &&
-	git checkout -b submod-master
-    ) &&
-    git add file1 "spaced name" file12 file14 file2 subdir/file3 submod &&
-    git rm file11 &&
-    git commit -m "master updates" &&
-
-    git config merge.tool mytool &&
-    git config mergetool.mytool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
-    git config mergetool.mytool.trustExitCode true
+	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	echo master >file1 &&
+	echo master spaced >"spaced name" &&
+	echo master file11 >file11 &&
+	echo master file12 >file12 &&
+	echo master file13 >file13 &&
+	echo master file14 >file14 &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo master sub >subdir/file3 &&
+	test_create_repo submod &&
+	(
+		cd submod &&
+		: >foo &&
+		git add foo &&
+		git commit -m "Add foo"
+	) &&
+	git submodule add git://example.com/submod submod &&
+	git add file1 "spaced name" file1[1-4] subdir/file3 .gitmodules submod &&
+	git commit -m "add initial versions" &&
+
+	git checkout -b branch1 master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	echo branch1 change >file1 &&
+	echo branch1 newfile >file2 &&
+	echo branch1 spaced >"spaced name" &&
+	echo branch1 both added >both &&
+	echo branch1 change file11 >file11 &&
+	echo branch1 change file13 >file13 &&
+	echo branch1 sub >subdir/file3 &&
+	(
+		cd submod &&
+		echo branch1 submodule >bar &&
+		git add bar &&
+		git commit -m "Add bar on branch1" &&
+		git checkout -b submod-branch1
+	) &&
+	git add file1 "spaced name" file11 file13 file2 subdir/file3 submod &&
+	git add both &&
+	git rm file12 &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 changes" &&
+
+	git checkout -b stash1 master &&
+	echo stash1 change file11 >file11 &&
+	git add file11 &&
+	git commit -m "stash1 changes" &&
+
+	git checkout -b stash2 master &&
+	echo stash2 change file11 >file11 &&
+	git add file11 &&
+	git commit -m "stash2 changes" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	echo master updated >file1 &&
+	echo master new >file2 &&
+	echo master updated spaced >"spaced name" &&
+	echo master both added >both &&
+	echo master updated file12 >file12 &&
+	echo master updated file14 >file14 &&
+	echo master new sub >subdir/file3 &&
+	(
+		cd submod &&
+		echo master submodule >bar &&
+		git add bar &&
+		git commit -m "Add bar on master" &&
+		git checkout -b submod-master
+	) &&
+	git add file1 "spaced name" file12 file14 file2 subdir/file3 submod &&
+	git add both &&
+	git rm file11 &&
+	git commit -m "master updates" &&
+
+	git config merge.tool mytool &&
+	git config mergetool.mytool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
+	git config mergetool.mytool.trustExitCode true &&
+	git config mergetool.mybase.cmd "cat \"\$BASE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
+	git config mergetool.mybase.trustExitCode true
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'custom mergetool' '
-    git checkout -b test1 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file2 "spaced name" >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    test "$(cat file1)" = "master updated" &&
-    test "$(cat file2)" = "master new" &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
-    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool"
+	git checkout -b test1 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file2 "spaced name" >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	test "$(cat file1)" = "master updated" &&
+	test "$(cat file2)" = "master new" &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool crlf' '
-    git config core.autocrlf true &&
-    git checkout -b test2 branch1 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool "spaced name" >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    test "$(printf x | cat file1 -)" = "$(printf "master updated\r\nx")" &&
-    test "$(printf x | cat file2 -)" = "$(printf "master new\r\nx")" &&
-    test "$(printf x | cat subdir/file3 -)" = "$(printf "master new sub\r\nx")" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - autocrlf" &&
-    git config core.autocrlf false &&
-    git reset --hard
+	test_config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git checkout -b test2 branch1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool "spaced name" >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	test "$(printf x | cat file1 -)" = "$(printf "master updated\r\nx")" &&
+	test "$(printf x | cat file2 -)" = "$(printf "master new\r\nx")" &&
+	test "$(printf x | cat subdir/file3 -)" = "$(printf "master new sub\r\nx")" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - autocrlf" &&
+	test_config core.autocrlf false &&
+	git reset --hard
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool in subdir' '
-    git checkout -b test3 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-	( yes "" | git mergetool file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub"
-    )
+	git checkout -b test3 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+		( yes "" | git mergetool file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool on file in parent dir' '
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	( yes "" | git mergetool ../file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "" | git mergetool ../file2 ../spaced\ name >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "d" | git mergetool ../file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "d" | git mergetool ../file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "l" | git mergetool ../submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
-	test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
-	test "$(cat ../submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
-	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - subdir"
-    )
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		( yes "" | git mergetool ../file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "" | git mergetool ../file2 ../spaced\ name >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "" | git mergetool ../both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "d" | git mergetool ../file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "d" | git mergetool ../file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "l" | git mergetool ../submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
+		test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
+		test "$(cat ../submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
+		git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - subdir"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool skips autoresolved' '
-    git checkout -b test4 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git reset --hard
+	git checkout -b test4 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git reset --hard
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool merges all from subdir' '
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	git config rerere.enabled false &&
-	test_must_fail git merge master &&
-	( yes "r" | git mergetool ../submod ) &&
-	( yes "d" "d" | git mergetool --no-prompt ) &&
-	test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
-	test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
-	test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub" &&
-	( cd .. && git submodule update -N ) &&
-	test "$(cat ../submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-	git commit -m "branch2 resolved by mergetool from subdir"
-    )
+	test_config rerere.enabled false &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_must_fail git merge master &&
+		( yes "r" | git mergetool ../submod ) &&
+		( yes "d" "d" | git mergetool --no-prompt ) &&
+		test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
+		test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
+		test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub" &&
+		( cd .. && git submodule update -N ) &&
+		test "$(cat ../submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+		git commit -m "branch2 resolved by mergetool from subdir"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool skips resolved paths when rerere is active' '
-    git config rerere.enabled true &&
-    rm -rf .git/rr-cache &&
-    git checkout -b test5 branch1
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool --no-prompt submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" "d" | git mergetool --no-prompt >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    output="$(yes "n" | git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git reset --hard
+	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	rm -rf .git/rr-cache &&
+	git checkout -b test5 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool --no-prompt submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" "d" | git mergetool --no-prompt >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	output="$(yes "n" | git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflicted stash sets up rerere'  '
+	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	git checkout stash1 &&
+	echo "Conflicting stash content" >file11 &&
+	git stash &&
+
+	git checkout --detach stash2 &&
+	test_must_fail git stash apply &&
+
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	conflicts="$(git rerere remaining)" &&
+	test "$conflicts" = "file11" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" != "No files need merging" &&
+
+	git commit -am "save the stash resolution" &&
+
+	git reset --hard stash2 &&
+	test_must_fail git stash apply &&
+
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	conflicts="$(git rerere remaining)" &&
+	test -z "$conflicts" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool takes partial path' '
-    git config rerere.enabled false &&
-    git checkout -b test12 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_config rerere.enabled false &&
+	git checkout -b test12 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
 
-    #shouldnt need these lines
-    #( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    #( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    #( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    #( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool subdir ) &&
+
+	test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
 
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool subdir ) &&
+test_expect_success 'mergetool delete/delete conflict' '
+	git checkout -b delete-base branch1 &&
+	mkdir -p a/a &&
+	(echo one; echo two; echo 3; echo 4) >a/a/file.txt &&
+	git add a/a/file.txt &&
+	git commit -m"base file" &&
+	git checkout -b move-to-b delete-base &&
+	mkdir -p b/b &&
+	git mv a/a/file.txt b/b/file.txt &&
+	(echo one; echo two; echo 4) >b/b/file.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m"move to b" &&
+	git checkout -b move-to-c delete-base &&
+	mkdir -p c/c &&
+	git mv a/a/file.txt c/c/file.txt &&
+	(echo one; echo two; echo 3) >c/c/file.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m"move to c" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge move-to-b &&
+	echo d | git mergetool a/a/file.txt &&
+	! test -f a/a/file.txt &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge move-to-b &&
+	echo m | git mergetool a/a/file.txt &&
+	test -f b/b/file.txt &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge move-to-b &&
+	! echo a | git mergetool a/a/file.txt &&
+	! test -f a/a/file.txt &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mergetool produces no errors when keepBackup is used' '
+	test_config mergetool.keepBackup true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge move-to-b &&
+	: >expect &&
+	echo d | git mergetool a/a/file.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	! test -d a &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD
+'
 
-    test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
-    git reset --hard
+test_expect_success 'mergetool honors tempfile config for deleted files' '
+	test_config mergetool.keepTemporaries false &&
+	test_must_fail git merge move-to-b &&
+	echo d | git mergetool a/a/file.txt &&
+	! test -d a &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mergetool keeps tempfiles when aborting delete/delete' '
+	test_config mergetool.keepTemporaries true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge move-to-b &&
+	! (echo a; echo n) | git mergetool a/a/file.txt &&
+	test -d a/a &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	file_BASE_.txt
+	file_LOCAL_.txt
+	file_REMOTE_.txt
+	EOF
+	ls -1 a/a | sed -e "s/[0-9]*//g" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git clean -fdx &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deleted vs modified submodule' '
-    git checkout -b test6 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
-    git commit -m "Submodule deleted from branch" &&
-    git checkout -b test6.a test6 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
-
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git checkout -b test6.b test6 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test ! -e submod &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by deleting module" &&
-
-    mv submod-movedaside submod &&
-    git checkout -b test6.c master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test6 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test ! -e submod &&
-    test -d submod.orig &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by deleting module" &&
-    mv submod.orig submod &&
-
-    git checkout -b test6.d master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test6 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
-    git reset --hard HEAD
+	git checkout -b test6 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	git commit -m "Submodule deleted from branch" &&
+	git checkout -b test6.a test6 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
+
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git checkout -b test6.b test6 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test ! -e submod &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by deleting module" &&
+
+	mv submod-movedaside submod &&
+	git checkout -b test6.c master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test6 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test ! -e submod &&
+	test -d submod.orig &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by deleting module" &&
+	mv submod.orig submod &&
+
+	git checkout -b test6.d master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test6 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'file vs modified submodule' '
-    git checkout -b test7 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
-    echo not a submodule >submod &&
-    git add submod &&
-    git commit -m "Submodule path becomes file" &&
-    git checkout -b test7.a branch1 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
-
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git checkout -b test7.b test7 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod)" = "not a submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping file" &&
-
-    git checkout -b test7.c master &&
-    rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
-    test ! -e submod.orig &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test7 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test -d submod.orig &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod)" = "not a submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping file" &&
-
-    git checkout -b test7.d master &&
-    rmdir submod && mv submod.orig submod &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test7 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module"
+	git checkout -b test7 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	echo not a submodule >submod &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "Submodule path becomes file" &&
+	git checkout -b test7.a branch1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
+
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git checkout -b test7.b test7 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod)" = "not a submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping file" &&
+
+	git checkout -b test7.c master &&
+	rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
+	test ! -e submod.orig &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test7 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test -d submod.orig &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod)" = "not a submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping file" &&
+
+	git checkout -b test7.d master &&
+	rmdir submod && mv submod.orig submod &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test7 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both>/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule in subdirectory' '
-    git checkout -b test10 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	test_create_repo subdir_module &&
+	git checkout -b test10 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_create_repo subdir_module &&
+		(
+		cd subdir_module &&
+		: >file15 &&
+		git add file15 &&
+		git commit -m "add initial versions"
+		)
+	) &&
+	git submodule add git://example.com/subsubmodule subdir/subdir_module &&
+	git add subdir/subdir_module &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule in subdirectory" &&
+
+	git checkout -b test10.a test10 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
 	(
-	    cd subdir_module &&
-	    : >file15 &&
-	    git add file15 &&
-	    git commit -m "add initial versions"
-	)
-    ) &&
-    git submodule add git://example.com/subsubmodule subdir/subdir_module &&
-    git add subdir/subdir_module &&
-    git commit -m "add submodule in subdirectory" &&
-
-    git checkout -b test10.a test10 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    (
-	cd subdir/subdir_module &&
-	git checkout -b super10.a &&
-	echo test10.a >file15 &&
-	git add file15 &&
-	git commit -m "on branch 10.a"
-    ) &&
-    git add subdir/subdir_module &&
-    git commit -m "change submodule in subdirectory on test10.a" &&
-
-    git checkout -b test10.b test10 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    (
 	cd subdir/subdir_module &&
-	git checkout -b super10.b &&
-	echo test10.b >file15 &&
-	git add file15 &&
-	git commit -m "on branch 10.b"
-    ) &&
-    git add subdir/subdir_module &&
-    git commit -m "change submodule in subdirectory on test10.b" &&
-
-    test_must_fail git merge test10.a >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	( yes "l" | git mergetool subdir_module )
-    ) &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
-    git reset --hard &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-
-    test_must_fail git merge test10.a >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool subdir/subdir_module ) &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.a" &&
-    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool" &&
-    rm -rf subdir/subdir_module
+		git checkout -b super10.a &&
+		echo test10.a >file15 &&
+		git add file15 &&
+		git commit -m "on branch 10.a"
+	) &&
+	git add subdir/subdir_module &&
+	git commit -m "change submodule in subdirectory on test10.a" &&
+
+	git checkout -b test10.b test10 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subdir_module &&
+		git checkout -b super10.b &&
+		echo test10.b >file15 &&
+		git add file15 &&
+		git commit -m "on branch 10.b"
+	) &&
+	git add subdir/subdir_module &&
+	git commit -m "change submodule in subdirectory on test10.b" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge test10.a >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		( yes "l" | git mergetool subdir_module )
+	) &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge test10.a >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool subdir/subdir_module ) &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.a" &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool" &&
+	rm -rf subdir/subdir_module
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'directory vs modified submodule' '
-    git checkout -b test11 branch1 &&
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
-    mkdir submod &&
-    echo not a submodule >submod/file16 &&
-    git add submod/file16 &&
-    git commit -m "Submodule path becomes directory" &&
-
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test "$(cat submod/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
-    rm -rf submod.orig &&
-
-    git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    test ! -e submod.orig &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test -d submod.orig &&
-    test "$(cat submod.orig/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
-    rm -r submod.orig &&
-    mv submod-movedaside/.git submod &&
-    ( cd submod && git clean -f && git reset --hard ) &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 && rm -rf submod-movedaside &&
-
-    git checkout -b test11.c master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test11 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-
-    git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test11 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    test ! -e submod.orig &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test "$(cat submod/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
-
-    git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( cd submod && git clean -f && git reset --hard ) &&
-    git submodule update -N
+	git checkout -b test11 branch1 &&
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	mkdir submod &&
+	echo not a submodule >submod/file16 &&
+	git add submod/file16 &&
+	git commit -m "Submodule path becomes directory" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test "$(cat submod/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
+	rm -rf submod.orig &&
+
+	git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test ! -e submod.orig &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test -d submod.orig &&
+	test "$(cat submod.orig/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
+	rm -r submod.orig &&
+	mv submod-movedaside/.git submod &&
+	( cd submod && git clean -f && git reset --hard ) &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 && rm -rf submod-movedaside &&
+
+	git checkout -b test11.c master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test11 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+
+	git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test11 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test ! -e submod.orig &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test "$(cat submod/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
+
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( cd submod && git clean -f && git reset --hard ) &&
+	git submodule update -N
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file with no base' '
+	git checkout -b test13 branch1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt --tool mybase -- both &&
+	>expected &&
+	test_cmp both expected &&
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'custom commands override built-ins' '
+	git checkout -b test14 branch1 &&
+	test_config mergetool.defaults.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
+	test_config mergetool.defaults.trustExitCode true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt --tool defaults -- both &&
+	echo master both added >expected &&
+	test_cmp both expected &&
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filenames seen by tools start with ./' '
+	git checkout -b test15 branch1 &&
+	test_config mergetool.writeToTemp false &&
+	test_config mergetool.myecho.cmd "echo \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	test_config mergetool.myecho.trustExitCode true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt --tool myecho -- both >actual &&
+	grep ^\./both_LOCAL_ actual >/dev/null &&
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'temporary filenames are used with mergetool.writeToTemp' '
+	git checkout -b test16 branch1 &&
+	test_config mergetool.writeToTemp true &&
+	test_config mergetool.myecho.cmd "echo \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	test_config mergetool.myecho.trustExitCode true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt --tool myecho -- both >actual &&
+	test_must_fail grep ^\./both_LOCAL_ actual >/dev/null &&
+	grep /both_LOCAL_ actual >/dev/null &&
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8ae69a61c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge signature verification tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'create signed commits' '
+	echo 1 >file && git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-signed &&
+	echo 3 >elif && git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "signed on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-unsigned &&
+	echo 3 >foo && git add foo &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "unsigned on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-bad &&
+	echo 3 >bar && git add bar &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "bad on side" &&
+	git cat-file commit side-bad >raw &&
+	sed -e "s/bad/forged bad/" raw >forged &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit forged >forged.commit &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-untrusted &&
+	echo 3 >baz && git add baz &&
+	test_tick && git commit -SB7227189 -m "untrusted on side" &&
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge unsigned commit with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-unsigned 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "does not have a GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures $(cat forged.commit) 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a bad GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with untrusted signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-untrusted 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has an untrusted GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge signed commit with verification' '
+	git merge --verbose --ff-only --verify-signatures side-signed >mergeoutput &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a good GPG signature" mergeoutput
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature without verification' '
+	git merge $(cat forged.commit)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7613-merge-submodule.sh b/t/t7613-merge-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d1e9fcc781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7613-merge-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+# merges without conflicts
+test_submodule_switch "git merge"
+
+test_submodule_switch "git merge --ff"
+
+test_submodule_switch "git merge --ff-only"
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES=1
+test_submodule_switch "git merge --no-ff"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7700-repack.sh b/t/t7700-repack.sh
index d954b846a1..6061a04147 100755
--- a/t/t7700-repack.sh
+++ b/t/t7700-repack.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'objects in packs marked .keep are not repacked' '
 	# The second pack will contain the excluded object
 	packsha1=$(git rev-list --objects --all | grep file2 |
 		git pack-objects pack) &&
-	touch -r pack-$packsha1.pack pack-$packsha1.keep &&
+	>pack-$packsha1.keep &&
 	objsha1=$(git verify-pack -v pack-$packsha1.idx | head -n 1 |
 		sed -e "s/^\([0-9a-f]\{40\}\).*/\1/") &&
 	mv pack-* .git/objects/pack/ &&
@@ -35,9 +35,41 @@ test_expect_success 'objects in packs marked .keep are not repacked' '
 	test -z "$found_duplicate_object"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'writing bitmaps via command-line can duplicate .keep objects' '
+	# build on $objsha1, $packsha1, and .keep state from previous
+	git repack -Adbl &&
+	test_when_finished "found_duplicate_object=" &&
+	for p in .git/objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		idx=$(basename $p)
+		test "pack-$packsha1.idx" = "$idx" && continue
+		if git verify-pack -v $p | egrep "^$objsha1"; then
+			found_duplicate_object=1
+			echo "DUPLICATE OBJECT FOUND"
+			break
+		fi
+	done &&
+	test "$found_duplicate_object" = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing bitmaps via config can duplicate .keep objects' '
+	# build on $objsha1, $packsha1, and .keep state from previous
+	git -c repack.writebitmaps=true repack -Adl &&
+	test_when_finished "found_duplicate_object=" &&
+	for p in .git/objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		idx=$(basename $p)
+		test "pack-$packsha1.idx" = "$idx" && continue
+		if git verify-pack -v $p | egrep "^$objsha1"; then
+			found_duplicate_object=1
+			echo "DUPLICATE OBJECT FOUND"
+			break
+		fi
+	done &&
+	test "$found_duplicate_object" = 1
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'loose objects in alternate ODB are not repacked' '
 	mkdir alt_objects &&
-	echo `pwd`/alt_objects > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	echo $(pwd)/alt_objects > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
 	echo content3 > file3 &&
 	objsha1=$(GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=alt_objects git hash-object -w file3) &&
 	git add file3 &&
@@ -136,7 +168,7 @@ test_expect_success 'packed unreachable obs in alternate ODB are not loosened' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local packed unreachable obs that exist in alternate ODB are not loosened' '
-	echo `pwd`/alt_objects > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	echo $(pwd)/alt_objects > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
 	echo "$csha1" | git pack-objects --non-empty --all --reflog pack &&
 	rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
 	mv pack-* .git/objects/pack/ &&
diff --git a/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh b/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh
index 200ab61278..987573c41f 100755
--- a/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh
+++ b/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ compare_mtimes ()
 {
 	read tref rest &&
 	while read t rest; do
-		test "$tref" = "$t" || break
+		test "$tref" = "$t" || return 1
 	done
 }
 
@@ -95,4 +95,59 @@ test_expect_success 'unpacked objects receive timestamp of pack file' '
 	compare_mtimes < mtimes
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not bother loosening old objects' '
+	obj1=$(echo one | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	obj2=$(echo two | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	pack1=$(echo $obj1 | git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack) &&
+	pack2=$(echo $obj2 | git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack) &&
+	git prune-packed &&
+	git cat-file -p $obj1 &&
+	git cat-file -p $obj2 &&
+	test-chmtime =-86400 .git/objects/pack/pack-$pack2.pack &&
+	git repack -A -d --unpack-unreachable=1.hour.ago &&
+	git cat-file -p $obj1 &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -p $obj2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'keep packed objects found only in index' '
+	echo my-unique-content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "make it reachable" &&
+	git gc &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=now --all &&
+	git add file &&
+	test-chmtime =-86400 .git/objects/pack/* &&
+	git gc --prune=1.hour.ago &&
+	git cat-file blob :file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack -k keeps unreachable packed objects' '
+	# create packed-but-unreachable object
+	sha1=$(echo unreachable-packed | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	pack=$(echo $sha1 | git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack) &&
+	git prune-packed &&
+
+	# -k should keep it
+	git repack -adk &&
+	git cat-file -p $sha1 &&
+
+	# and double check that without -k it would have been removed
+	git repack -ad &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -p $sha1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack -k packs unreachable loose objects' '
+	# create loose unreachable object
+	sha1=$(echo would-be-deleted-loose | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	objpath=.git/objects/$(echo $sha1 | sed "s,..,&/,") &&
+	test_path_is_file $objpath &&
+
+	# and confirm that the loose object goes away, but we can
+	# still access it (ergo, it is packed)
+	git repack -adk &&
+	test_path_is_missing $objpath &&
+	git cat-file -p $sha1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7702-repack-cyclic-alternate.sh b/t/t7702-repack-cyclic-alternate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..93b74867ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7702-repack-cyclic-alternate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Ephrim Khong
+#
+
+test_description='repack involving cyclic alternate'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=.git//../.git/objects &&
+	export GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY &&
+	touch a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m 1 &&
+	git repack -adl &&
+	echo "$(pwd)"/.git/objects/../objects >.git/objects/info/alternates
+'
+
+test_expect_success 're-packing repository with itsself as alternate' '
+	git repack -adl &&
+	git fsck
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7800-difftool.sh b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
index 4fb4c9384a..42a2929835 100755
--- a/t/t7800-difftool.sh
+++ b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 David Aguilar
 #
 
 test_description='git-difftool
@@ -10,45 +10,17 @@ Testing basic diff tool invocation
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-remove_config_vars()
+difftool_test_setup ()
 {
-	# Unset all config variables used by git-difftool
-	git config --unset diff.tool
-	git config --unset diff.guitool
-	git config --unset difftool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset difftool.prompt
-	git config --unset merge.tool
-	git config --unset mergetool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset mergetool.prompt
-	return 0
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat "$LOCAL"' &&
+	test_config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
 }
 
-restore_test_defaults()
-{
-	# Restores the test defaults used by several tests
-	remove_config_vars
-	unset GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat $LOCAL'
-	git config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
-}
-
-prompt_given()
+prompt_given ()
 {
 	prompt="$1"
-	test "$prompt" = "Launch 'test-tool' [Y/n]: branch"
-}
-
-stdin_contains()
-{
-	grep >/dev/null "$1"
-}
-
-stdin_doesnot_contain()
-{
-	! stdin_contains "$1"
+	test "$prompt" = "Launch 'test-tool' [Y/n]? branch"
 }
 
 # Create a file on master and change it on branch
@@ -65,214 +37,285 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 
 # Configure a custom difftool.<tool>.cmd and use it
 test_expect_success PERL 'custom commands' '
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$REMOTE" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "master" &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch"
+test_expect_success PERL 'custom tool commands override built-ins' '
+	test_config difftool.vimdiff.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --tool vimdiff --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-# Ensures that git-difftool ignores bogus --tool values
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores bad --tool values' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch)
-	test "$?" = 1 &&
-	test "$diff" = ""
+	: >expect &&
+	test_must_fail \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors --gui' '
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards arguments to diff' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	>for-diff &&
+	git add for-diff &&
+	echo changes>for-diff &&
+	git add for-diff &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --cached --no-prompt -- for-diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git reset -- for-diff &&
+	rm for-diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui works without configured diff.guitool' '
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores exit code' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	git difftool -y -t error branch
+'
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards exit code with --trust-exit-code' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	test_must_fail git difftool -y --trust-exit-code -t error branch
+'
 
-	restore_test_defaults
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards exit code with --trust-exit-code for built-ins' '
+	test_config difftool.vimdiff.path false &&
+	test_must_fail git difftool -y --trust-exit-code -t vimdiff branch
 '
 
-# Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.tool &&
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors difftool.trustExitCode = true' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	test_config difftool.trustExitCode true &&
+	test_must_fail git difftool -y -t error branch
+'
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors difftool.trustExitCode = false' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	test_config difftool.trustExitCode false &&
+	git difftool -y -t error branch
+'
 
-	restore_test_defaults
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores exit code with --no-trust-exit-code' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	test_config difftool.trustExitCode true &&
+	git difftool -y --no-trust-exit-code -t error branch
 '
 
-# Test the $GIT_*_TOOL variables and ensure
-# that $GIT_DIFF_TOOL always wins unless --tool is specified
-test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL overrides' '
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool stops on error with --trust-exit-code' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f for-diff .git/fail-right-file" &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset -- for-diff" &&
+	write_script .git/fail-right-file <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "$2"
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	>for-diff &&
+	git add for-diff &&
+	echo file >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git difftool -y --trust-exit-code \
+		--extcmd .git/fail-right-file branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors --gui' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui last setting wins' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui --no-gui >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --no-gui --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui works without configured diff.guitool' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+# Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
+test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	git config --unset diff.tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	restore_test_defaults
+# Test the $GIT_*_TOOL variables and ensure
+# that $GIT_DIFF_TOOL always wins unless --tool is specified
+test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL overrides' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt to difftool
 # when $GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT is true
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT variable' '
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # git-difftool supports the difftool.prompt variable.
 # Test that GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT variable' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true git difftool branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when difftool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt config variable is false' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when mergetool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool merge.prompt = false' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
 	test_might_fail git config --unset difftool.prompt &&
-	git config mergetool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config mergetool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the -y flag can override difftool.prompt = true
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with -y' '
-	git config difftool.prompt true &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool -y branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt true &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool -y branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the --prompt flag can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with --prompt' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that the last flag passed on the command-line wins
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool last flag wins' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # git-difftool falls back to git-mergetool config variables
 # so test that behavior here
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool + mergetool config variables' '
-	remove_config_vars &&
-	git config merge.tool test-tool &&
-	git config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+	test_config merge.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	# set merge.tool to something bogus, diff.tool to test-tool
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.<tool>.path' '
-	git config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch) &&
-	git config --unset difftool.tkdiff.path &&
-	lines=$(echo "$diff" | grep file | wc -l) &&
-	test "$lines" -eq 1 &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
+	git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch >output &&
+	lines=$(grep file output | wc -l) &&
+	test "$lines" -eq 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd=cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool -x cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd echo arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = file
+	echo file >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = master
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg2' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Create a second file on master and a different version on branch
@@ -289,21 +332,218 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup with 2 files different' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the first file' '
-	diff=$( (echo n; echo) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
-
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains br2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain branch
+	(echo n && echo) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep m2 output &&
+	grep br2 output &&
+	! grep master output &&
+	! grep branch output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the second file' '
-	diff=$( (echo; echo n) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
+	(echo && echo n) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep master output &&
+	grep branch output &&
+	! grep m2 output &&
+	! grep br2 output
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'ending prompt input with EOF' '
+	git difftool -x cat branch </dev/null >output &&
+	! grep master output &&
+	! grep branch output &&
+	! grep m2 output &&
+	! grep br2 output
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --tool-help' '
+	git difftool --tool-help >output &&
+	grep tool output
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'setup change in subdirectory' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	echo master >sub/sub &&
+	git add sub/sub &&
+	git commit -m "added sub/sub" &&
+	echo test >>file &&
+	echo test >>sub/sub &&
+	git add file sub/sub &&
+	git commit -m "modified both"
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test () {
+	test_expect_success PERL "$1 --no-symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--no-symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+	test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS "$1 --symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+}
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool -d' '
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff ignores --prompt' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --prompt --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff from subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+		grep sub output &&
+		grep file output
+	)
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff when worktree file is missing' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	rm file2 &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch master >output &&
+	grep file2 output
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff with unmerged files' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	test_config difftool.echo.cmd "echo ok" &&
+	git checkout -B conflict-a &&
+	git checkout -B conflict-b &&
+	git checkout conflict-a &&
+	echo a >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m conflict-a &&
+	git checkout conflict-b &&
+	echo b >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m conflict-b &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge conflict-a &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict-b &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		ok
+	EOF
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks -t echo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+write_script .git/CHECK_SYMLINKS <<\EOF
+for f in file file2 sub/sub
+do
+	echo "$f"
+	ls -ld "$2/$f" | sed -e 's/.* -> //'
+done >actual
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS 'difftool --dir-diff --symlink without unstaged changes' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	file
+	$PWD/file
+	file2
+	$PWD/file2
+	sub/sub
+	$PWD/sub/sub
+	EOF
+	git difftool --dir-diff --symlink \
+		--extcmd "./.git/CHECK_SYMLINKS" branch HEAD &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+write_script modify-right-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >"$2/file"
+EOF
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree with unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$PWD/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree without unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$PWD/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks does not overwrite working tree file ' '
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$PWD/modify-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-both-files <<\EOF
+echo "wt content" >file &&
+echo "tmp content" >"$2/file" &&
+echo "$2" >tmpdir
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks detects conflict ' '
+	(
+		TMPDIR=$TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+		export TMPDIR &&
+		echo "orig content" >file &&
+		test_must_fail git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$PWD/modify-both-files" branch &&
+		echo "wt content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		echo "tmp content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect "$(cat tmpdir)/file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool properly honors gitlink and core.worktree' '
+	git submodule add ./. submod/ule &&
+	test_config -C submod/ule diff.tool checktrees &&
+	test_config -C submod/ule difftool.checktrees.cmd '\''
+		test -d "$LOCAL" && test -d "$REMOTE" && echo good
+		'\'' &&
+	(
+		cd submod/ule &&
+		echo good >expect &&
+		git difftool --tool=checktrees --dir-diff HEAD~ >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
 
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains branch &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain br2
+test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS 'difftool --dir-diff symlinked directories' '
+	git init dirlinks &&
+	(
+		cd dirlinks &&
+		git config diff.tool checktrees &&
+		git config difftool.checktrees.cmd "echo good" &&
+		mkdir foo &&
+		: >foo/bar &&
+		git add foo/bar &&
+		test_commit symlink-one &&
+		ln -s foo link &&
+		git add link &&
+		test_commit symlink-two &&
+		echo good >expect &&
+		git difftool --tool=checktrees --dir-diff HEAD~ >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7810-grep.sh b/t/t7810-grep.sh
index 63ce9866de..bd8ea1191f 100755
--- a/t/t7810-grep.sh
+++ b/t/t7810-grep.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ test_description='git grep various.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 cat >hello.c <<EOF
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	printf("Hello world.\n");
@@ -47,6 +49,13 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo vvv >t/v &&
 	mkdir t/a &&
 	echo vvv >t/a/v &&
+	{
+		echo "line without leading space1"
+		echo " line with leading space1"
+		echo " line with leading space2"
+		echo " line with leading space3"
+		echo "line without leading space2"
+	} >space &&
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial
@@ -98,7 +107,7 @@ do
 
 	test_expect_success "grep -w $L (w)" '
 		: >expected &&
-		test_must_fail git grep -n -w -e "^w" >actual &&
+		test_must_fail git grep -n -w -e "^w" $H >actual &&
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
@@ -233,14 +242,104 @@ do
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=false" '
-		echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
-		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=false grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=false grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=true" '
-		echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
-		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=true grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=true grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=basic" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=basic grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=extended" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=extended grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=fixed" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=fixed grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success LIBPCRE "grep $L with grep.patterntype=perl" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=perl grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patternType=default and grep.extendedRegexp=true" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=default \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=true and grep.patternType=default" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			-c grep.patternType=default \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patternType=extended and grep.extendedRegexp=false" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=extended \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=false \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patternType=basic and grep.extendedRegexp=true" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=basic \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=false and grep.patternType=extended" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=false \
+			-c grep.patternType=extended \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=true and grep.patternType=basic" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			-c grep.patternType=basic \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --count $L" '
+		echo ${HC}ab:3 >expected &&
+		git grep --count -e b $H -- ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --count -h $L" '
+		echo 3 >expected &&
+		git grep --count -h -e b $H -- ab >actual &&
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 done
@@ -344,6 +443,11 @@ test_expect_success 'grep -f, multiple patterns' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep, multiple patterns' '
+	git grep "$(cat patterns)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 cat >expected <<EOF
 file:foo mmap bar
 file:foo_mmap bar
@@ -387,17 +491,6 @@ test_expect_success 'grep -q, silently report matches' '
 	test_cmp empty actual
 '
 
-# Create 1024 file names that sort between "y" and "z" to make sure
-# the two files are handled by different calls to an external grep.
-# This depends on MAXARGS in builtin-grep.c being 1024 or less.
-c32="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v"
-test_expect_success 'grep -C1, hunk mark between files' '
-	for a in $c32; do for b in $c32; do : >y-$a$b; done; done &&
-	git add y-?? &&
-	git grep -C1 "^[yz]" >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'grep -C1 hunk mark between files' '
 	git grep -C1 "^[yz]" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
@@ -423,31 +516,41 @@ test_expect_success 'log grep setup' '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (1)' '
 	git log --author=author --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (2)' '
 	git log --author=" * " -F --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo second ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo second
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (3)' '
 	git log --author="^A U" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (4)' '
 	git log --author="frotz\.com>$" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo second ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo second
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (5)' '
 	git log --author=Thor -F --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -457,11 +560,49 @@ test_expect_success 'log grep (6)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log --grep --author implicitly uses all-match' '
-	# grep matches initial and second but not third
-	# author matches only initial and third
-	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=s --grep=l --format=%s >actual &&
-	echo initial >expect &&
+test_expect_success 'log grep (7)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	echo third >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (8)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --grep-reflog="commit: second" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo second
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (9)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --author="Thor" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	echo third >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (9)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --author="non-existant" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	: >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep-reflog can only be used under -g' '
+	test_must_fail git log --grep-reflog="commit: third"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log with multiple --grep uses union' '
+	git log --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo fourth && echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match with multiple --grep uses intersection' '
+	git log --all-match --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -473,7 +614,47 @@ test_expect_success 'log with multiple --author uses union' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match with multiple --author still uses union' '
+	git log --all-match --author="Thor" --author="Aster" --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+	    echo third && echo second && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --author uses intersection' '
+	# grep matches only third and fourth
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --grep --author takes union of greps and intersects with author' '
+	# grep matches initial and second but not third
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=s --grep=l --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log ---all-match -grep --author --author still takes union of authors and intersects with grep' '
+	# grep matches only initial and third
+	# author matches all but second
+	git log --all-match --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=i --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+	    echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --author --author takes union of authors and intersects with grep' '
+	# grep matches only initial and third
+	# author matches all but second
 	git log --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=i --format=%s >actual &&
 	{
 	    echo third && echo initial
@@ -481,9 +662,25 @@ test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
-	git log --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=q --format=%s >actual &&
-	>expect &&
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match --grep --grep --author takes intersection' '
+	# grep matches only third
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --all-match --author="A U Thor" --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --author does not search in timestamp' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git log --author="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --committer does not search in timestamp' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git log --committer="$GIT_COMMITTER_DATE" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -520,6 +717,7 @@ test_expect_success 'grep -p' '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
 hello.c-#include <stdio.h>
+hello.c-
 hello.c=int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 hello.c-{
 hello.c-	printf("Hello world.\n");
@@ -546,6 +744,16 @@ test_expect_success 'grep -W' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
+hello.c-#include <assert.h>
+hello.c:#include <stdio.h>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -W shows no trailing empty lines' '
+	git grep -W stdio >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
 hello.c=	printf("Hello world.\n");
 hello.c:	return 0;
 hello.c-	/* char ?? */
@@ -596,12 +804,12 @@ test_expect_success 'outside of git repository' '
 	} >non/expect.full &&
 	echo file2:world >non/expect.sub &&
 	(
-		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$(pwd)/non/git" &&
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$(pwd)/non" &&
 		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
 		cd non/git &&
 		test_must_fail git grep o &&
 		git grep --no-index o >../actual.full &&
-		test_cmp ../expect.full ../actual.full
+		test_cmp ../expect.full ../actual.full &&
 		cd sub &&
 		test_must_fail git grep o &&
 		git grep --no-index o >../../actual.sub &&
@@ -610,7 +818,7 @@ test_expect_success 'outside of git repository' '
 
 	echo ".*o*" >non/git/.gitignore &&
 	(
-		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$(pwd)/non/git" &&
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$(pwd)/non" &&
 		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
 		cd non/git &&
 		test_must_fail git grep o &&
@@ -618,7 +826,7 @@ test_expect_success 'outside of git repository' '
 		test_cmp ../expect.full ../actual.full &&
 
 		{
-			echo ".gitignore:.*o*"
+			echo ".gitignore:.*o*" &&
 			cat ../expect.full
 		} >../expect.with.ignored &&
 		git grep --no-index --no-exclude o >../actual.full &&
@@ -626,6 +834,47 @@ test_expect_success 'outside of git repository' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'outside of git repository with fallbackToNoIndex' '
+	rm -fr non &&
+	mkdir -p non/git/sub &&
+	echo hello >non/git/file1 &&
+	echo world >non/git/sub/file2 &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >non/expect.full &&
+	file1:hello
+	sub/file2:world
+	EOF
+	echo file2:world >non/expect.sub &&
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$(pwd)/non" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd non/git &&
+		test_must_fail git -c grep.fallbackToNoIndex=false grep o &&
+		git -c grep.fallbackToNoIndex=true grep o >../actual.full &&
+		test_cmp ../expect.full ../actual.full &&
+		cd sub &&
+		test_must_fail git -c grep.fallbackToNoIndex=false grep o &&
+		git -c grep.fallbackToNoIndex=true grep o >../../actual.sub &&
+		test_cmp ../../expect.sub ../../actual.sub
+	) &&
+
+	echo ".*o*" >non/git/.gitignore &&
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$(pwd)/non" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd non/git &&
+		test_must_fail git -c grep.fallbackToNoIndex=false grep o &&
+		git -c grep.fallbackToNoIndex=true grep --exclude-standard o >../actual.full &&
+		test_cmp ../expect.full ../actual.full &&
+
+		{
+			echo ".gitignore:.*o*" &&
+			cat ../expect.full
+		} >../expect.with.ignored &&
+		git -c grep.fallbackToNoIndex grep --no-exclude o >../actual.full &&
+		test_cmp ../expect.with.ignored ../actual.full
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'inside git repository but with --no-index' '
 	rm -fr is &&
 	mkdir -p is/git/sub &&
@@ -669,6 +918,33 @@ test_expect_success 'inside git repository but with --no-index' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep --no-index descends into repos, but not .git' '
+	rm -fr non &&
+	mkdir -p non/git &&
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$(pwd)/non" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd non/git &&
+
+		echo magic >file &&
+		git init repo &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo magic >file &&
+			git add file &&
+			git commit -m foo &&
+			echo magic >.git/file
+		) &&
+
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		file
+		repo/file
+		EOF
+		git grep -l --no-index magic >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup double-dash tests' '
 cat >double-dash <<EOF &&
 --
@@ -760,48 +1036,146 @@ test_expect_success 'grep -G invalidpattern properly dies ' '
 	test_must_fail git grep -G "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=basic' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=basic grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -E invalidpattern properly dies ' '
 	test_must_fail git grep -E "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=extended' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=extended grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -P invalidpattern properly dies ' '
 	test_must_fail git grep -P "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=perl' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=perl grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -G -E -F pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
 	git grep -G -E -F "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=basic, =extended, =fixed' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -E -F -G pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
 	git grep -E -F -G "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=extended, =fixed, =basic' '
+	echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -F -G -E pattern' '
 	echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
 	git grep -F -G -E "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =extended' '
+	echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -G -F -P -E pattern' '
 	>empty &&
 	test_must_fail git grep -G -F -P -E "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp empty actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =perl, =extended' '
+	>empty &&
+	test_must_fail git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=perl \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -G -F -E -P pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
 	git grep -G -F -E -P "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-test_config() {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =extended, =perl' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=perl \
+		grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -P pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -P "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -F pattern with grep.patternType=basic' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		grep -F "*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -G pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	{
+		echo "ab:a+b*c"
+		echo "ab:a+bc"
+	} >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -G "a+b" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -E pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	{
+		echo "ab:a+b*c"
+		echo "ab:a+bc"
+		echo "ab:abc"
+	} >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -E "a+" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
 hello.c<RED>:<RESET>int main(int argc, const char **argv)
@@ -871,8 +1245,8 @@ test_expect_success 'grep --heading' '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
 <BOLD;GREEN>hello.c<RESET>
-2:int main(int argc, const <BLACK;BYELLOW>char<RESET> **argv)
-6:	/* <BLACK;BYELLOW>char<RESET> ?? */
+4:int main(int argc, const <BLACK;BYELLOW>char<RESET> **argv)
+8:	/* <BLACK;BYELLOW>char<RESET> ?? */
 
 <BOLD;GREEN>hello_world<RESET>
 3:Hel<BLACK;BYELLOW>lo_w<RESET>orld
@@ -893,4 +1267,114 @@ test_expect_success 'mimic ack-grep --group' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+cat >expected <<EOF
+space: line with leading space1
+space: line with leading space2
+space: line with leading space3
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -E "^ "' '
+	git grep -E "^ " space >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -P "^ "' '
+	git grep -P "^ " space >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+space-line without leading space1
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading space1
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading <RED>space2<RESET>
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading space3
+space:line without leading <RED>space2<RESET>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --color -e A -e B with context' '
+	test_config color.grep.context		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.filename		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.function		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.linenumber	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchContext	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchSelected	red &&
+	test_config color.grep.selected		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.separator	normal &&
+
+	git grep --color=always -C2 -e "with " -e space2  space |
+	test_decode_color >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+space-line without leading space1
+space- line with leading space1
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading <RED>space2<RESET>
+space- line with leading space3
+space-line without leading space2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --color -e A --and -e B with context' '
+	test_config color.grep.context		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.filename		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.function		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.linenumber	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchContext	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchSelected	red &&
+	test_config color.grep.selected		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.separator	normal &&
+
+	git grep --color=always -C2 -e "with " --and -e space2  space |
+	test_decode_color >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+space-line without leading space1
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading space1
+space- line with leading space2
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading space3
+space-line without leading space2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --color -e A --and --not -e B with context' '
+	test_config color.grep.context		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.filename		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.function		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.linenumber	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchContext	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchSelected	red &&
+	test_config color.grep.selected		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.separator	normal &&
+
+	git grep --color=always -C2 -e "with " --and --not -e space2  space |
+	test_decode_color >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+hello.c-
+hello.c=int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+hello.c-{
+hello.c:	pr<RED>int<RESET>f("<RED>Hello<RESET> world.\n");
+hello.c-	return 0;
+hello.c-	/* char ?? */
+hello.c-}
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --color -e A --and -e B -p with context' '
+	test_config color.grep.context		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.filename		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.function		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.linenumber	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchContext	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchSelected	red &&
+	test_config color.grep.selected		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.separator	normal &&
+
+	git grep --color=always -p -C3 -e int --and -e Hello --no-index hello.c |
+	test_decode_color >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
index a8957782cf..e1951a5cbb 100755
--- a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
+++ b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
@@ -125,11 +125,6 @@ test_expect_success 'modified file' '
 	test_cmp empty out
 '
 
-test_config() {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'copes with color settings' '
 	rm -f actual &&
 	echo grep.h >expect &&
diff --git a/t/t8001-annotate.sh b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
index 41962f04a7..72176e42c1 100755
--- a/t/t8001-annotate.sh
+++ b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ test_description='git annotate'
 PROG='git annotate'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
-test_expect_success 'Annotating an old revision works' '
-	git annotate file master >result &&
-	awk "{ print \$3; }" <result >authors &&
+test_expect_success 'annotate old revision' '
+	git annotate file master >actual &&
+	awk "{ print \$3; }" <actual >authors &&
 	test 2 = $(grep A <authors | wc -l) &&
 	test 2 = $(grep B <authors | wc -l)
 '
diff --git a/t/t8002-blame.sh b/t/t8002-blame.sh
index e2896cffc1..ff09aced68 100755
--- a/t/t8002-blame.sh
+++ b/t/t8002-blame.sh
@@ -7,8 +7,78 @@ PROG='git blame -c'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
 PROG='git blame -c -e'
-test_expect_success 'Blame --show-email works' '
-    check_count "<A@test.git>" 1 "<B@test.git>" 1 "<B1@test.git>" 1 "<B2@test.git>" 1 "<author@example.com>" 1 "<C@test.git>" 1 "<D@test.git>" 1 "<E at test dot git>" 1
+test_expect_success 'blame --show-email' '
+	check_count \
+		"<A@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B1@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B2@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<author@example.com>" 1 \
+		"<C@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<D@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<E at test dot git>" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup showEmail tests' '
+	echo "bin: test number 1" >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=name1 \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=email1@test.git \
+	git commit -m First --date="2010-01-01 01:00:00" &&
+	cat >expected_n <<-\EOF &&
+	(name1 2010-01-01 01:00:00 +0000 1) bin: test number 1
+	EOF
+	cat >expected_e <<-\EOF
+	(<email1@test.git> 2010-01-01 01:00:00 +0000 1) bin: test number 1
+	EOF
+'
+
+find_blame () {
+	sed -e 's/^[^(]*//'
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'blame with no options and no config' '
+	git blame one >blame &&
+	find_blame <blame >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_n result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame with showemail options' '
+	git blame --show-email one >blame1 &&
+	find_blame <blame1 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_e result &&
+	git blame -e one >blame2 &&
+	find_blame <blame2 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_e result &&
+	git blame --no-show-email one >blame3 &&
+	find_blame <blame3 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_n result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame with showEmail config false' '
+	git config blame.showEmail false &&
+	git blame one >blame1 &&
+	find_blame <blame1 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_n result &&
+	git blame --show-email one >blame2 &&
+	find_blame <blame2 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_e result &&
+	git blame -e one >blame3 &&
+	find_blame <blame3 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_e result &&
+	git blame --no-show-email one >blame4 &&
+	find_blame <blame4 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_n result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame with showEmail config true' '
+	git config blame.showEmail true &&
+	git blame one >blame1 &&
+	find_blame <blame1 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_e result &&
+	git blame --no-show-email one >blame2 &&
+	find_blame <blame2 >result &&
+	test_cmp expected_n result
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
index 230143cf31..a9b266f0d3 100755
--- a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	cat one >uno &&
 	mv two dos &&
 	cat one >>tres &&
-	echo DEF >>mouse
+	echo DEF >>mouse &&
 	git add uno dos tres mouse &&
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Second git commit -a -m Second &&
@@ -153,15 +153,15 @@ test_expect_success 'blame path that used to be a directory' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'blame to a commit with no author name' '
-  TREE=`git rev-parse HEAD:`
-  cat >badcommit <<EOF
+  TREE=$(git rev-parse HEAD:) &&
+  cat >badcommit <<EOF &&
 tree $TREE
 author <noname> 1234567890 +0000
 committer David Reiss <dreiss@facebook.com> 1234567890 +0000
 
 some message
 EOF
-  COMMIT=`git hash-object -t commit -w badcommit`
+  COMMIT=$(git hash-object -t commit -w badcommit) &&
   git --no-pager blame $COMMIT -- uno >/dev/null
 '
 
@@ -175,6 +175,12 @@ test_expect_success 'blame -L with invalid end' '
 	grep "has only 2 lines" errors
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'blame parses <end> part of -L' '
+	git blame -L1,1 tres >out &&
+	cat out &&
+	test $(wc -l < out) -eq 1
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'indent of line numbers, nine lines' '
 	git blame nine_lines >actual &&
 	test $(grep -c "  " actual) = 0
@@ -185,4 +191,39 @@ test_expect_success 'indent of line numbers, ten lines' '
 	test $(grep -c "  " actual) = 9
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup file with CRLF newlines' '
+	git config core.autocrlf false &&
+	printf "testcase\n" >crlffile &&
+	git add crlffile &&
+	git commit -m testcase &&
+	printf "testcase\r\n" >crlffile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame file with CRLF core.autocrlf true' '
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git blame crlffile >actual &&
+	grep "A U Thor" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame file with CRLF attributes text' '
+	git config core.autocrlf false &&
+	echo "crlffile text" >.gitattributes &&
+	git blame crlffile >actual &&
+	grep "A U Thor" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame file with CRLF core.autocrlf=true' '
+	git config core.autocrlf false &&
+	printf "testcase\r\n" >crlfinrepo &&
+	>.gitattributes &&
+	git add crlfinrepo &&
+	git commit -m "add crlfinrepo" &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	mv crlfinrepo tmp &&
+	git checkout crlfinrepo &&
+	rm tmp &&
+	git blame crlfinrepo >actual &&
+	grep "A U Thor" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh b/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
index ba19ac127e..9c353ab222 100755
--- a/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
+++ b/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	git blame file2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'blame runs on conflicted file in stages 1,3' '
+test_expect_success 'blame does not crash with conflicted file in stages 1,3' '
 	git blame file1
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh b/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh
index cb390559f9..75da219ed1 100755
--- a/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh
+++ b/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh
@@ -33,11 +33,15 @@ author $SJIS_NAME
 summary $SJIS_MSG
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
+filter_author_summary () {
+	sed -n -e '/^author /p' -e '/^summary /p' "$@"
+}
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
 	'blame respects i18n.commitencoding' '
-	git blame --incremental file | \
-		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	git blame --incremental file >output &&
+	filter_author_summary output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
@@ -49,12 +53,12 @@ author $EUC_JAPAN_NAME
 summary $EUC_JAPAN_MSG
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
 	'blame respects i18n.logoutputencoding' '
 	git config i18n.logoutputencoding eucJP &&
-	git blame --incremental file | \
-		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	git blame --incremental file >output &&
+	filter_author_summary output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
@@ -66,11 +70,11 @@ author $UTF8_NAME
 summary $UTF8_MSG
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
 	'blame respects --encoding=UTF-8' '
-	git blame --incremental --encoding=UTF-8 file | \
-		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	git blame --incremental --encoding=UTF-8 file >output &&
+	filter_author_summary output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
@@ -82,11 +86,11 @@ author $UTF8_NAME
 summary $UTF8_MSG
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
 	'blame respects --encoding=none' '
-	git blame --incremental --encoding=none file | \
-		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	git blame --incremental --encoding=none file >output &&
+	filter_author_summary output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
index 4ee42f12f0..7683515155 100755
--- a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ find_blame() {
 cat >helper <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
 grep -q '^bin: ' "$1" || { echo "E: $1 is not \"binary\" file" 1>&2; exit 1; }
-sed 's/^bin: /converted: /' "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -p -e 's/^bin: /converted: /' "$1"
 EOF
 chmod +x helper
 
@@ -18,17 +18,13 @@ test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 	echo "bin: test number 0" >zero.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test 1" >one.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test number 2" >two.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s one.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	test_ln_s_add one.bin symlink.bin &&
 	git add . &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number1 git commit -a -m First --date="2010-01-01 18:00:00" &&
 	echo "bin: test 1 version 2" >one.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test number 2 version 2" >>two.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		rm symlink.bin &&
-		ln -s two.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	rm -f symlink.bin &&
+	test_ln_s_add two.bin symlink.bin &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number2 git commit -a -m Second --date="2010-01-01 20:00:00"
 '
 
@@ -135,7 +131,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'blame --textconv (on symlink)' '
 
 # cp two.bin three.bin  and make small tweak
 # (this will direct blame -C -C three.bin to consider two.bin and symlink.bin)
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'make another new commit' '
+test_expect_success 'make another new commit' '
 	cat >three.bin <<\EOF &&
 bin: test number 2
 bin: test number 2 version 2
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@ EOF
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number4 git commit -a -m Fourth --date="2010-01-01 23:00:00"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'blame on last commit (-C -C, symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'blame on last commit (-C -C, symlink)' '
 	git blame -C -C three.bin >blame &&
 	find_blame <blame >result &&
 	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
diff --git a/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh b/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
index 78a0085e64..eacd49ade6 100755
--- a/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ chmod +x helper
 
 test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 	echo "bin: test" >one.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s one.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	test_ln_s_add one.bin symlink.bin &&
 	git add . &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number1 git commit -a -m First --date="2010-01-01 18:00:00" &&
 	echo "bin: test version 2" >one.bin &&
@@ -22,11 +20,11 @@ test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on :one.bin
+bin: test version 2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'no filter specified' '
-	git cat-file --textconv :one.bin 2>result
+	git cat-file --textconv :one.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
@@ -36,10 +34,6 @@ test_expect_success 'setup textconv filters' '
 	git config diff.test.cachetextconv false
 '
 
-cat >expected <<EOF
-bin: test version 2
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'cat-file without --textconv' '
 	git cat-file blob :one.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
@@ -72,26 +66,20 @@ test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on previous commit' '
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file without --textconv (symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'cat-file without --textconv (symlink)' '
+	printf "%s" "one.bin" >expected &&
 	git cat-file blob :symlink.bin >result &&
-	printf "%s" "one.bin" >expected
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file --textconv on index (symlink)' '
-	! git cat-file --textconv :symlink.bin 2>result &&
-	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on :symlink.bin
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on index (symlink)' '
+	git cat-file --textconv :symlink.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file --textconv on HEAD (symlink)' '
-	! git cat-file --textconv HEAD:symlink.bin 2>result &&
-	cat >expected <<EOF &&
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on HEAD:symlink.bin
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on HEAD (symlink)' '
+	git cat-file --textconv HEAD:symlink.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t8008-blame-formats.sh b/t/t8008-blame-formats.sh
index d15f8b3d47..29f84a6dd1 100755
--- a/t/t8008-blame-formats.sh
+++ b/t/t8008-blame-formats.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ test_description='blame output in various formats on a simple case'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	echo a >file &&
-	git add file
+	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m one &&
 	echo b >>file &&
diff --git a/t/t8009-blame-vs-topicbranches.sh b/t/t8009-blame-vs-topicbranches.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..72596e38b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8009-blame-vs-topicbranches.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='blaming trough history with topic branches'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Creates the history shown below. '*'s mark the first parent in the merges.
+# The only line of file.t is changed in commit B2
+#
+#        +---C1
+#       /      \
+# A0--A1--*A2--*A3
+#   \     /
+#    B1-B2
+#
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit A0 file.t line0 &&
+	test_commit A1 &&
+	git reset --hard A0 &&
+	test_commit B1 &&
+	test_commit B2 file.t line0changed &&
+	git reset --hard A1 &&
+	test_merge A2 B2 &&
+	git reset --hard A1 &&
+	test_commit C1 &&
+	git reset --hard A2 &&
+	test_merge A3 C1
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame --reverse --first-parent finds A1' '
+	git blame --porcelain --reverse --first-parent A0..A3 -- file.t >actual_full &&
+	head -n 1 <actual_full | sed -e "s/ .*//" >actual &&
+	git rev-parse A1 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9000-addresses.sh b/t/t9000-addresses.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a1ebef6de2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9000-addresses.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='compare address parsing with and without Mail::Address'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	skip_all='skipping perl interface tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+perl -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+	skip_all="Perl Test::More unavailable, skipping test"
+	test_done
+}
+
+perl -MMail::Address -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+	skip_all="Perl Mail::Address unavailable, skipping test"
+	test_done
+}
+
+test_external_has_tap=1
+
+test_external_without_stderr \
+	'Perl address parsing function' \
+	perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9000/test.pl
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9000/test.pl b/t/t9000/test.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2d05d3eeab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9000/test.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+use lib (split(/:/, $ENV{GITPERLLIB}));
+
+use 5.008;
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+use Test::More qw(no_plan);
+use Mail::Address;
+
+BEGIN { use_ok('Git') }
+
+my @success_list = (q[Jane],
+	q[jdoe@example.com],
+	q[<jdoe@example.com>],
+	q[Jane <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q[Jane Doe <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Jane" <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Doe, Jane" <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Jane@:;\>.,()<Doe" <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q[Jane!#$%&'*+-/=?^_{|}~Doe' <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["<jdoe@example.com>"],
+	q["Jane jdoe@example.com"],
+	q[Jane Doe <jdoe    @   example.com  >],
+	q[Jane       Doe <  jdoe@example.com  >],
+	q[Jane @ Doe @ Jane @ Doe],
+	q["Jane, 'Doe'" <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q['Doe, "Jane' <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Jane" "Do"e <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Jane' Doe" <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Jane Doe <jdoe@example.com>" <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Jane\" Doe" <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q[Doe, jane <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Jane Doe <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q['Jane 'Doe' <jdoe@example.com>]);
+
+my @known_failure_list = (q[Jane\ Doe <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Doe, Ja"ne <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q["Doe, Katarina" Jane <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q[Jane@:;\.,()<>Doe <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q[Jane jdoe@example.com],
+	q[<jdoe@example.com> Jane Doe],
+	q[Jane <jdoe@example.com> Doe],
+	q["Jane "Kat"a" ri"na" ",Doe" <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q[Jane Doe],
+	q[Jane "Doe <jdoe@example.com>"],
+	q[\"Jane Doe <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q[Jane\"\" Doe <jdoe@example.com>],
+	q['Jane "Katarina\" \' Doe' <jdoe@example.com>]);
+
+foreach my $str (@success_list) {
+	my @expected = map { $_->format } Mail::Address->parse("$str");
+	my @actual = Git::parse_mailboxes("$str");
+	is_deeply(\@expected, \@actual, qq[same output : $str]);
+}
+
+TODO: {
+	local $TODO = "known breakage";
+	foreach my $str (@known_failure_list) {
+		my @expected = map { $_->format } Mail::Address->parse("$str");
+		my @actual = Git::parse_mailboxes("$str");
+		is_deeply(\@expected, \@actual, qq[same output : $str]);
+	}
+}
+
+my $is_passing = eval { Test::More->is_passing };
+exit($is_passing ? 0 : 1) unless $@ =~ /Can't locate object method/;
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
index 8c12c65c72..b3355d2c70 100755
--- a/t/t9001-send-email.sh
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -6,36 +6,37 @@ test_description='git send-email'
 # May be altered later in the test
 PREREQ="PERL"
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'prepare reference tree' \
-    'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
-     git add file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'Setup helper tool' \
-    '(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
-      echo shift
-      echo output=1
-      echo "while test -f commandline\$output; do output=\$((\$output+1)); done"
-      echo for a
-      echo do
-      echo "  echo \"!\$a!\""
-      echo "done >commandline\$output"
-      test_have_prereq MINGW && echo "dos2unix commandline\$output"
-      echo "cat > msgtxt\$output"
-      ) >fake.sendmail &&
-     chmod +x ./fake.sendmail &&
-     git add fake.sendmail &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Second."'
-
-clean_fake_sendmail() {
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'prepare reference tree' '
+	echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Initial."
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Setup helper tool' '
+	write_script fake.sendmail <<-\EOF &&
+	shift
+	output=1
+	while test -f commandline$output
+	do
+		output=$(($output+1))
+	done
+	for a
+	do
+		echo "!$a!"
+	done >commandline$output
+	cat >"msgtxt$output"
+	EOF
+	git add fake.sendmail &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Second."
+'
+
+clean_fake_sendmail () {
 	rm -f commandline* msgtxt*
 }
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Extract patches' '
-    patches=`git format-patch -s --cc="One <one@example.com>" --cc=two@example.com -n HEAD^1`
+	patches=$(git format-patch -s --cc="One <one@example.com>" --cc=two@example.com -n HEAD^1)
 '
 
 # Test no confirm early to ensure remaining tests will not hang
@@ -48,9 +49,9 @@ test_no_confirm () {
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$@ \
-		$patches > stdout &&
+		$patches >stdout &&
 		test_must_fail grep "Send this email" stdout &&
-		> no_confirm_okay
+		>no_confirm_okay
 }
 
 # Exit immediately to prevent hang if a no-confirm test fails
@@ -83,61 +84,61 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'No confirm with sendemail.confirm=never' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches' '
-     git send-email --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+	git send-email --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-!nobody@example.com!
-!author@example.com!
-!one@example.com!
-!two@example.com!
-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	!nobody@example.com!
+	!author@example.com!
+	!one@example.com!
+	!two@example.com!
+	EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'Verify commandline' \
-    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Verify commandline' '
+	test_cmp expected commandline1
+'
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches with --envelope-sender' '
-    clean_fake_sendmail &&
-     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributer <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributor <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-!patch@example.com!
-!-i!
-!nobody@example.com!
-!author@example.com!
-!one@example.com!
-!two@example.com!
-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	!patch@example.com!
+	!-i!
+	!nobody@example.com!
+	!author@example.com!
+	!one@example.com!
+	!two@example.com!
+	EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'Verify commandline' \
-    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Verify commandline' '
+	test_cmp expected commandline1
+'
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches with --envelope-sender=auto' '
-    clean_fake_sendmail &&
-     git send-email --envelope-sender=auto --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email --envelope-sender=auto --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-!nobody@example.com!
-!-i!
-!nobody@example.com!
-!author@example.com!
-!one@example.com!
-!two@example.com!
-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	!nobody@example.com!
+	!-i!
+	!nobody@example.com!
+	!author@example.com!
+	!one@example.com!
+	!two@example.com!
+	EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'Verify commandline' \
-    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Verify commandline' '
+	test_cmp expected commandline1
+'
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' "
 cat >expected-show-all-headers <<\EOF
@@ -171,6 +172,88 @@ Result: OK
 EOF
 "
 
+test_suppress_self () {
+	test_commit $3 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+
+	write_script cccmd-sed <<-EOF &&
+		sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p "\$1"
+	EOF
+
+	git commit --amend --author="$1 <$2>" -F - &&
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >"suppress-self-$3.patch" &&
+
+	git send-email --from="$1 <$2>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--cc-cmd=./cccmd-sed \
+		--suppress-cc=self \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		suppress-self-$3.patch &&
+
+	mv msgtxt1 msgtxt1-$3 &&
+	sed -e '/^$/q' msgtxt1-$3 >"msghdr1-$3" &&
+	>"expected-no-cc-$3" &&
+
+	(grep '^Cc:' msghdr1-$3 >"actual-no-cc-$3";
+	 test_cmp expected-no-cc-$3 actual-no-cc-$3)
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_unquoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "unquoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self unquoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		unquoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--$1 <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_quoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "quoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self quoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		quoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--"$1" <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Cc: "$1" <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: "$1" <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted 'A U Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name with dot is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'A U. Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_dot_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'non-ascii self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'Füñný Nâmé' 'odd_?=mail@example.com' \
+		'non_ascii_self_suppressed'
+"
+
+# This name is long enough to force format-patch to split it into multiple
+# encoded-words, assuming it uses UTF-8 with the "Q" encoding.
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'long non-ascii self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'Ƒüñníęř €. Nâ�é' 'odd_?=mail@example.com' \
+		'long_non_ascii_self_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sanitized self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted '\"A U. Thor\"' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_sanitized_suppressed'
+"
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Show all headers' '
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -191,26 +274,57 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Show all headers' '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Prompting works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	(echo "Example <from@example.com>"
-	 echo "to@example.com"
+	(echo "to@example.com"
 	 echo ""
 	) | GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches \
 		2>errors &&
-		grep "^From: Example <from@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
+		grep "^From: A U Thor <author@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
 		grep "^To: to@example.com\$" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ,AUTOIDENT 'implicit ident is allowed' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		$patches </dev/null 2>errors
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ,!AUTOIDENT 'broken implicit ident aborts send-email' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 && export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		$patches </dev/null 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "tell me who you are" errors
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup tocmd and cccmd scripts' '
+	write_script tocmd-sed <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^tocmd--//p" "$1"
+	EOF
+	write_script cccmd-sed <<-\EOF
+	sed -n -e "s/^cccmd--//p" "$1"
+	EOF
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'tocmd works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	cp $patches tocmd.patch &&
 	echo tocmd--tocmd@example.com >>tocmd.patch &&
-	{
-	  echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
-	  echo sed -n -e s/^tocmd--//p \"\$1\"
-	} > tocmd-sed &&
-	chmod +x tocmd-sed &&
 	git send-email \
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to-cmd=./tocmd-sed \
@@ -224,11 +338,6 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'cccmd works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	cp $patches cccmd.patch &&
 	echo "cccmd--  cccmd@example.com" >>cccmd.patch &&
-	{
-	  echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
-	  echo sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p \"\$1\"
-	} > cccmd-sed &&
-	chmod +x cccmd-sed &&
 	git send-email \
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
@@ -266,7 +375,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Author From: in message body' '
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches &&
-	sed "1,/^\$/d" < msgtxt1 > msgbody1 &&
+	sed "1,/^\$/d" <msgtxt1 >msgbody1 &&
 	grep "From: A <author@example.com>" msgbody1
 '
 
@@ -277,7 +386,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Author From: not in message body' '
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches &&
-	sed "1,/^\$/d" < msgtxt1 > msgbody1 &&
+	sed "1,/^\$/d" <msgtxt1 >msgbody1 &&
 	! grep "From: A <author@example.com>" msgbody1
 '
 
@@ -286,7 +395,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'allow long lines with --no-validate' '
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-		--novalidate \
+		--no-validate \
 		$patches longline.patch \
 		2>errors
 '
@@ -308,7 +417,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Valid In-Reply-To when prompting' '
 	(echo "From Example <from@example.com>"
 	 echo "To Example <to@example.com>"
 	 echo ""
-	) | env GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
+	) | GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches 2>errors &&
 	! grep "^In-Reply-To: < *>" msgtxt1
@@ -320,7 +429,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'In-Reply-To without --chain-reply-to' '
 	git send-email \
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
-		--nochain-reply-to \
+		--no-chain-reply-to \
 		--in-reply-to="$(cat expect)" \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches $patches $patches \
@@ -358,10 +467,9 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'In-Reply-To with --chain-reply-to' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup fake editor' '
-	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
-	 echo "echo fake edit >>\"\$1\""
-	) >fake-editor &&
-	chmod +x fake-editor
+	write_script fake-editor <<-\EOF
+	echo fake edit >>"$1"
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor"
@@ -414,6 +522,12 @@ Result: OK
 EOF
 "
 
+replace_variable_fields () {
+	sed	-e "s/^\(Date:\).*/\1 DATE-STRING/" \
+		-e "s/^\(Message-Id:\).*/\1 MESSAGE-ID-STRING/" \
+		-e "s/^\(X-Mailer:\).*/\1 X-MAILER-STRING/"
+}
+
 test_suppression () {
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -421,10 +535,7 @@ test_suppression () {
 		--from="Example <from@example.com>" \
 		--to=to@example.com \
 		--smtp-server relay.example.com \
-		$patches |
-	sed	-e "s/^\(Date:\).*/\1 DATE-STRING/" \
-		-e "s/^\(Message-Id:\).*/\1 MESSAGE-ID-STRING/" \
-		-e "s/^\(X-Mailer:\).*/\1 X-MAILER-STRING/" \
+		$patches | replace_variable_fields \
 		>actual-suppress-$1${2+"-$2"} &&
 	test_cmp expected-suppress-$1${2+"-$2"} actual-suppress-$1${2+"-$2"}
 }
@@ -497,8 +608,9 @@ EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.cccmd' '
-	echo echo cc-cmd@example.com > cccmd &&
-	chmod +x cccmd &&
+	write_script cccmd <<-\EOF &&
+	echo cc-cmd@example.com
+	EOF
 	git config sendemail.cccmd ./cccmd &&
 	test_suppression cccmd
 '
@@ -691,7 +803,7 @@ test_confirm () {
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-		$@ $patches > stdout &&
+		$@ $patches >stdout &&
 	grep "Send this email" stdout
 }
 
@@ -712,25 +824,19 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--confirm=compose' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm by default (due to cc)' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
 	test_confirm
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm by default (due to --compose)' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
 	test_confirm --suppress-cc=all --compose
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (inform assumes y)' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
 	rm -fr outdir &&
 	git format-patch -2 -o outdir &&
@@ -739,14 +845,11 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (inform assumes y)' '
 			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 			--to=nobody@example.com \
 			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-			outdir/*.patch < /dev/null
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
+			outdir/*.patch </dev/null
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (auto causes failure)' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
 	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
 	export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
@@ -754,14 +857,11 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (auto causes failure)' '
 			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 			--to=nobody@example.com \
 			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-			$patches < /dev/null
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
+			$patches </dev/null
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm doesnt loop forever' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm does not loop forever' '
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
 	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
 	export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
@@ -770,9 +870,6 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm doesnt loop forever' '
 			--to=nobody@example.com \
 			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 			$patches
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 Cc is rfc2047 encoded' '
@@ -790,39 +887,39 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 Cc is rfc2047 encoded' '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose adds MIME for utf8 body' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
-	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
-	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
-	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
-	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
-	  git send-email \
-	  --compose --subject foo \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  $patches &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8 <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "utf8 body: àéìöú" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
 	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
 	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" msgtxt1
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose respects user mime type' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
-	 echo "(echo MIME-Version: 1.0"
-	 echo " echo Content-Type: text/plain\\; charset=iso-8859-1"
-	 echo " echo Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
-	 echo " echo Subject: foo"
-	 echo " echo "
-	 echo " echo utf8 body: àéìöú) >\"\$1\""
-	) >fake-editor-utf8-mime &&
-	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8-mime &&
-	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8-mime\"" \
-	  git send-email \
-	  --compose --subject foo \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  $patches &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8-mime <<-\EOF &&
+	cat >"$1" <<-\EOM
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+	Subject: foo
+
+	utf8 body: àéìöú
+	EOM
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8-mime\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
 	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
 	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1 &&
 	! grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" msgtxt1
@@ -830,19 +927,112 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose respects user mime type' '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose adds MIME for utf8 subject' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
-	  git send-email \
-	  --compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  $patches &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
 	grep "^fake edit" msgtxt1 &&
 	grep "^Subject: =?UTF-8?q?utf8-s=C3=BCbj=C3=ABct?=" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 author is correctly passed on' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	test_commit weird_author &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git commit --amend --author "Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >funny_name.patch &&
+	git send-email --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		funny_name.patch &&
+	grep "^From: Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 sender is not duplicated' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	test_commit weird_sender &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git commit --amend --author "Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >funny_name.patch &&
+	git send-email --from="Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		funny_name.patch &&
+	grep "^From: " msgtxt1 >msgfrom &&
+	test_line_count = 1 msgfrom
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.composeencoding works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8 <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "utf8 body: àéìöú" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8 <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "utf8 body: àéìöú" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose-encoding iso-8859-1 \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding overrides sendemail.composeencoding' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8 <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "utf8 body: àéìöú" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose-encoding iso-8859-2 \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-2" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding adds correct MIME for subject' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose-encoding iso-8859-2 \
+		--compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	grep "^fake edit" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Subject: =?iso-8859-2?q?utf8-s=C3=BCbj=C3=ABct?=" msgtxt1
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'detects ambiguous reference/file conflict' '
-	echo master > master &&
+	echo master >master &&
 	git add master &&
 	git commit -m"add master" &&
 	test_must_fail git send-email --dry-run master 2>errors &&
@@ -853,10 +1043,10 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'feed two files' '
 	rm -fr outdir &&
 	git format-patch -2 -o outdir &&
 	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
+		--dry-run \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
 	grep "^Subject: " out >subjects &&
 	test "z$(sed -n -e 1p subjects)" = "zSubject: [PATCH 1/2] Second." &&
 	test "z$(sed -n -e 2p subjects)" = "zSubject: [PATCH 2/2] add master"
@@ -868,7 +1058,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'in-reply-to but no threading' '
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--in-reply-to="<in-reply-id@example.com>" \
-		--nothread \
+		--no-thread \
 		$patches |
 	grep "In-Reply-To: <in-reply-id@example.com>"
 '
@@ -878,7 +1068,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no in-reply-to and no threading' '
 		--dry-run \
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
-		--nothread \
+		--no-thread \
 		$patches $patches >stdout &&
 	! grep "In-Reply-To: " stdout
 '
@@ -889,60 +1079,11 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'threading but no chain-reply-to' '
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--thread \
-		--nochain-reply-to \
+		--no-chain-reply-to \
 		$patches $patches >stdout &&
 	grep "In-Reply-To: " stdout
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'warning with an implicit --chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with an explicit --chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	--chain-reply-to \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with an explicit --no-chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	--nochain-reply-to \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = false' '
-	git config sendemail.chainreplyto false &&
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = true' '
-	git config sendemail.chainreplyto true &&
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.to works' '
 	git config --replace-all sendemail.to "Somebody <somebody@ex.com>" &&
 	git send-email \
@@ -1010,7 +1151,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--no-bcc overrides sendemail.bcc' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'patches To headers are used by default' '
-	patch=`git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com"` &&
+	patch=$(git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com") &&
 	test_when_finished "rm $patch" &&
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -1021,7 +1162,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'patches To headers are used by default' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'patches To headers are appended to' '
-	patch=`git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com"` &&
+	patch=$(git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com") &&
 	test_when_finished "rm $patch" &&
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -1034,8 +1175,8 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'patches To headers are appended to' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'To headers from files reset each patch' '
-	patch1=`git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com"` &&
-	patch2=`git format-patch -1 --to="other@example.com" HEAD~` &&
+	patch1=$(git format-patch -1 --to="bodies@example.com") &&
+	patch2=$(git format-patch -1 --to="other@example.com" HEAD~) &&
 	test_when_finished "rm $patch1 && rm $patch2" &&
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -1049,7 +1190,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'To headers from files reset each patch' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >email-using-8bit <<EOF
+cat >email-using-8bit <<\EOF
 From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
 From: author@example.com
@@ -1061,11 +1202,26 @@ EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >content-type-decl <<EOF
-MIME-Version: 1.0
-Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
-Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
-EOF
+	echo "Subject: subject goes here" >expected
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'ASCII subject is not RFC2047 quoted' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo bogus |
+	git send-email --from=author@example.com --to=nobody@example.com \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			--8bit-encoding=UTF-8 \
+			email-using-8bit >stdout &&
+	grep "Subject" msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >content-type-decl <<-\EOF
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'asks about and fixes 8bit encodings' '
@@ -1105,21 +1261,21 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--8bit-encoding overrides sendemail.8bitEncoding' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >email-using-8bit <<EOF
-From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
-Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
-From: author@example.com
-Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
-Subject: Dieser Betreff enthält auch einen Umlaut!
+	cat >email-using-8bit <<-\EOF
+	From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+	Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
+	From: author@example.com
+	Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
+	Subject: Dieser Betreff enthält auch einen Umlaut!
 
-Nothing to see here.
-EOF
+	Nothing to see here.
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<EOF
-Subject: =?UTF-8?q?Dieser=20Betreff=20enth=C3=A4lt=20auch=20einen=20Umlaut!?=
-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	Subject: =?UTF-8?q?Dieser=20Betreff=20enth=C3=A4lt=20auch=20einen=20Umlaut!?=
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ '--8bit-encoding also treats subject' '
@@ -1133,6 +1289,163 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--8bit-encoding also treats subject' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >email-using-8bit <<-\EOF
+	From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+	Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+	Subject: Nothing to see here.
+
+	Dieser Betreff enthält auch einen Umlaut!
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.transferencoding=7bit fails on 8bit data' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.transferEncoding 7bit &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=7bit \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "cannot send message as 7bit" errors &&
+	test -z "$(ls msgtxt*)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--transfer-encoding overrides sendemail.transferEncoding' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.transferEncoding 8bit &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=7bit \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "cannot send message as 7bit" errors &&
+	test -z "$(ls msgtxt*)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.transferencoding=8bit' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=8bit \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' email-using-8bit >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	Dieser Betreff enth=C3=A4lt auch einen Umlaut!
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '8-bit and sendemail.transferencoding=quoted-printable' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=quoted-printable \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	RGllc2VyIEJldHJlZmYgZW50aMOkbHQgYXVjaCBlaW5lbiBVbWxhdXQhCg==
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '8-bit and sendemail.transferencoding=base64' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=base64 \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >email-using-qp <<-\EOF
+	From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+	Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+	Subject: Nothing to see here.
+
+	Dieser Betreff enth=C3=A4lt auch einen Umlaut!
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'convert from quoted-printable to base64' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=base64 \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-qp \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' "
+tr -d '\\015' | tr '%' '\\015' >email-using-crlf <<EOF
+From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+Subject: Nothing to see here.
+
+Look, I have a CRLF and an = sign!%
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	Look, I have a CRLF and an =3D sign!=0D
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'CRLF and sendemail.transferencoding=quoted-printable' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=quoted-printable \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-crlf \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	TG9vaywgSSBoYXZlIGEgQ1JMRiBhbmQgYW4gPSBzaWduIQ0K
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'CRLF and sendemail.transferencoding=base64' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=base64 \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-crlf \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
 # Note that the patches in this test are deliberately out of order; we
 # want to make sure it works even if the cover-letter is not in the
 # first mail.
@@ -1141,13 +1454,13 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'refusing to send cover letter template' '
 	rm -fr outdir &&
 	git format-patch --cover-letter -2 -o outdir &&
 	test_must_fail git send-email \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  outdir/0002-*.patch \
-	  outdir/0000-*.patch \
-	  outdir/0001-*.patch \
-	  2>errors >out &&
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0002-*.patch \
+		outdir/0000-*.patch \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
 	grep "SUBJECT HERE" errors &&
 	test -z "$(ls msgtxt*)"
 '
@@ -1157,44 +1470,419 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--force sends cover letter template anyway' '
 	rm -fr outdir &&
 	git format-patch --cover-letter -2 -o outdir &&
 	git send-email \
-	  --force \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  outdir/0002-*.patch \
-	  outdir/0000-*.patch \
-	  outdir/0001-*.patch \
-	  2>errors >out &&
+		--force \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0002-*.patch \
+		outdir/0000-*.patch \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
 	! grep "SUBJECT HERE" errors &&
 	test -n "$(ls msgtxt*)"
 '
 
+test_cover_addresses () {
+	header="$1"
+	shift
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	rm -fr outdir &&
+	git format-patch --cover-letter -2 -o outdir &&
+	cover=$(echo outdir/0000-*.patch) &&
+	mv $cover cover-to-edit.patch &&
+	perl -pe "s/^From:/$header: extra\@address.com\nFrom:/" cover-to-edit.patch >"$cover" &&
+	git send-email \
+		--force \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--no-to --no-cc \
+		"$@" \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0000-*.patch \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		outdir/0002-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "^$header: extra@address.com" msgtxt1 >to1 &&
+	grep "^$header: extra@address.com" msgtxt2 >to2 &&
+	grep "^$header: extra@address.com" msgtxt3 >to3 &&
+	test_line_count = 1 to1 &&
+	test_line_count = 1 to2 &&
+	test_line_count = 1 to3
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'to-cover adds To to all mail' '
+	test_cover_addresses "To" --to-cover
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'cc-cover adds Cc to all mail' '
+	test_cover_addresses "Cc" --cc-cover
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'tocover adds To to all mail' '
+	test_config sendemail.tocover true &&
+	test_cover_addresses "To"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'cccover adds Cc to all mail' '
+	test_config sendemail.cccover true &&
+	test_cover_addresses "Cc"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'escaped quotes in sendemail.aliasfiletype=mutt' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo "alias sbd \\\"Dot U. Sir\\\" <somebody@example.org>" >.mutt &&
+	git config --replace-all sendemail.aliasesfile "$(pwd)/.mutt" &&
+	git config sendemail.aliasfiletype mutt &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=sbd \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "^!somebody@example\.org!$" commandline1 &&
+	grep -F "To: \"Dot U. Sir\" <somebody@example.org>" out
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.aliasfiletype=mailrc' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	echo "alias sbd  somebody@example.org" >.mailrc &&
 	git config --replace-all sendemail.aliasesfile "$(pwd)/.mailrc" &&
 	git config sendemail.aliasfiletype mailrc &&
 	git send-email \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=sbd \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  outdir/0001-*.patch \
-	  2>errors >out &&
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=sbd \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
 	grep "^!somebody@example\.org!$" commandline1
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.aliasfile=~/.mailrc' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	echo "alias sbd  someone@example.org" >~/.mailrc &&
+	echo "alias sbd  someone@example.org" >"$HOME/.mailrc" &&
 	git config --replace-all sendemail.aliasesfile "~/.mailrc" &&
 	git config sendemail.aliasfiletype mailrc &&
 	git send-email \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=sbd \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  outdir/0001-*.patch \
-	  2>errors >out &&
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=sbd \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "^!someone@example\.org!$" commandline1
+'
+
+test_dump_aliases () {
+	msg="$1" && shift &&
+	filetype="$1" && shift &&
+	printf '%s\n' "$@" >expect &&
+	cat >.tmp-email-aliases &&
+
+	test_expect_success $PREREQ "$msg" '
+		clean_fake_sendmail && rm -fr outdir &&
+		git config --replace-all sendemail.aliasesfile \
+			"$(pwd)/.tmp-email-aliases" &&
+		git config sendemail.aliasfiletype "$filetype" &&
+		git send-email --dump-aliases 2>errors >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+}
+
+test_dump_aliases '--dump-aliases sendmail format' \
+	'sendmail' \
+	'abgroup' \
+	'alice' \
+	'bcgrp' \
+	'bob' \
+	'chloe' <<-\EOF
+	alice: Alice W Land <awol@example.com>
+	bob: Robert Bobbyton <bob@example.com>
+	chloe: chloe@example.com
+	abgroup: alice, bob
+	bcgrp: bob, chloe, Other <o@example.com>
+	EOF
+
+test_dump_aliases '--dump-aliases mutt format' \
+	'mutt' \
+	'alice' \
+	'bob' \
+	'chloe' \
+	'donald' <<-\EOF
+	alias alice Alice W Land <awol@example.com>
+	alias donald Donald C Carlton <donc@example.com>
+	alias bob Robert Bobbyton <bob@example.com>
+	alias chloe chloe@example.com
+	EOF
+
+test_dump_aliases '--dump-aliases mailrc format' \
+	'mailrc' \
+	'alice' \
+	'bob' \
+	'chloe' \
+	'eve' <<-\EOF
+	alias alice   Alice W Land <awol@example.com>
+	alias eve     Eve <eve@example.com>
+	alias bob     Robert Bobbyton <bob@example.com>
+	alias chloe   chloe@example.com
+	EOF
+
+test_dump_aliases '--dump-aliases pine format' \
+	'pine' \
+	'alice' \
+	'bob' \
+	'chloe' \
+	'eve' <<-\EOF
+	alice	Alice W Land	<awol@example.com>
+	eve	Eve	<eve@example.com>
+	bob	Robert	Bobbyton <bob@example.com>
+	chloe		chloe@example.com
+	EOF
+
+test_dump_aliases '--dump-aliases gnus format' \
+	'gnus' \
+	'alice' \
+	'bob' \
+	'chloe' \
+	'eve' <<-\EOF
+	(define-mail-alias "alice" "awol@example.com")
+	(define-mail-alias "eve" "eve@example.com")
+	(define-mail-alias "bob" "bob@example.com")
+	(define-mail-alias "chloe" "chloe@example.com")
+	EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--dump-aliases must be used alone' '
+	test_must_fail git send-email --dump-aliases --to=janice@example.com -1 refs/heads/accounting
+'
+
+test_sendmail_aliases () {
+	msg="$1" && shift &&
+	expect="$@" &&
+	cat >.tmp-email-aliases &&
+
+	test_expect_success $PREREQ "$msg" '
+		clean_fake_sendmail && rm -fr outdir &&
+		git format-patch -1 -o outdir &&
+		git config --replace-all sendemail.aliasesfile \
+			"$(pwd)/.tmp-email-aliases" &&
+		git config sendemail.aliasfiletype sendmail &&
+		git send-email \
+			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+			--to=alice --to=bcgrp \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			outdir/0001-*.patch \
+			2>errors >out &&
+		for i in $expect
+		do
+			grep "^!$i!$" commandline1 || return 1
+		done
+	'
+}
+
+test_sendmail_aliases 'sendemail.aliasfiletype=sendmail' \
+	'awol@example\.com' \
+	'bob@example\.com' \
+	'chloe@example\.com' \
+	'o@example\.com' <<-\EOF
+	alice: Alice W Land <awol@example.com>
+	bob: Robert Bobbyton <bob@example.com>
+	# this is a comment
+	   # this is also a comment
+	chloe: chloe@example.com
+	abgroup: alice, bob
+	bcgrp: bob, chloe, Other <o@example.com>
+	EOF
+
+test_sendmail_aliases 'sendmail aliases line folding' \
+	alice1 \
+	bob1 bob2 \
+	chuck1 chuck2 \
+	darla1 darla2 darla3 \
+	elton1 elton2 elton3 \
+	fred1 fred2 \
+	greg1 <<-\EOF
+	alice: alice1
+	bob: bob1,\
+	bob2
+	chuck: chuck1,
+	    chuck2
+	darla: darla1,\
+	darla2,
+	    darla3
+	elton: elton1,
+	    elton2,\
+	elton3
+	fred: fred1,\
+	    fred2
+	greg: greg1
+	bcgrp: bob, chuck, darla, elton, fred, greg
+	EOF
+
+test_sendmail_aliases 'sendmail aliases tolerate bogus line folding' \
+	alice1 bob1 <<-\EOF
+	    alice: alice1
+	bcgrp: bob1\
+	EOF
+
+test_sendmail_aliases 'sendmail aliases empty' alice bcgrp <<-\EOF
+	EOF
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'alias support in To header' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo "alias sbd  someone@example.org" >.mailrc &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasesfile ".mailrc" &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasfiletype mailrc &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 --to=sbd >aliased.patch &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		aliased.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
 	grep "^!someone@example\.org!$" commandline1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'alias support in Cc header' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo "alias sbd  someone@example.org" >.mailrc &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasesfile ".mailrc" &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasfiletype mailrc &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 --cc=sbd >aliased.patch &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		aliased.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "^!someone@example\.org!$" commandline1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'tocmd works with aliases' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo "alias sbd  someone@example.org" >.mailrc &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasesfile ".mailrc" &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasfiletype mailrc &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >tocmd.patch &&
+	echo tocmd--sbd >>tocmd.patch &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to-cmd=./tocmd-sed \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		tocmd.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "^!someone@example\.org!$" commandline1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'cccmd works with aliases' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo "alias sbd  someone@example.org" >.mailrc &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasesfile ".mailrc" &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasfiletype mailrc &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >cccmd.patch &&
+	echo cccmd--sbd >>cccmd.patch &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--cc-cmd=./cccmd-sed \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		cccmd.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "^!someone@example\.org!$" commandline1
+'
+
+do_xmailer_test () {
+	expected=$1 params=$2 &&
+	git format-patch -1 &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=someone@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$params \
+		0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	{ grep '^X-Mailer:' out || :; } >mailer &&
+	test_line_count = $expected mailer
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--[no-]xmailer without any configuration' '
+	do_xmailer_test 1 "--xmailer" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 0 "--no-xmailer"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--[no-]xmailer with sendemail.xmailer=true' '
+	test_config sendemail.xmailer true &&
+	do_xmailer_test 1 "" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 0 "--no-xmailer" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 1 "--xmailer"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--[no-]xmailer with sendemail.xmailer=false' '
+	test_config sendemail.xmailer false &&
+	do_xmailer_test 0 "" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 0 "--no-xmailer" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 1 "--xmailer"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expected-list' '
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <from@example.com>" \
+	--to="To 1 <to1@example.com>" \
+	--to="to2@example.com" \
+	--to="to3@example.com" \
+	--cc="Cc 1 <cc1@example.com>" \
+	--cc="Cc2 <cc2@example.com>" \
+	--bcc="bcc1@example.com" \
+	--bcc="bcc2@example.com" \
+	0001-add-master.patch | replace_variable_fields \
+	>expected-list
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'use email list in --cc --to and --bcc' '
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <from@example.com>" \
+	--to="To 1 <to1@example.com>, to2@example.com" \
+	--to="to3@example.com" \
+	--cc="Cc 1 <cc1@example.com>, Cc2 <cc2@example.com>" \
+	--bcc="bcc1@example.com, bcc2@example.com" \
+	0001-add-master.patch | replace_variable_fields \
+	>actual-list &&
+	test_cmp expected-list actual-list
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'aliases work with email list' '
+	echo "alias to2 to2@example.com" >.mutt &&
+	echo "alias cc1 Cc 1 <cc1@example.com>" >>.mutt &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasesfile ".mutt" &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasfiletype mutt &&
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <from@example.com>" \
+	--to="To 1 <to1@example.com>, to2, to3@example.com" \
+	--cc="cc1, Cc2 <cc2@example.com>" \
+	--bcc="bcc1@example.com, bcc2@example.com" \
+	0001-add-master.patch | replace_variable_fields \
+	>actual-list &&
+	test_cmp expected-list actual-list
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'leading and trailing whitespaces are removed' '
+	echo "alias to2 to2@example.com" >.mutt &&
+	echo "alias cc1 Cc 1 <cc1@example.com>" >>.mutt &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasesfile ".mutt" &&
+	test_config sendemail.aliasfiletype mutt &&
+	TO1=$(echo "QTo 1 <to1@example.com>" | q_to_tab) &&
+	TO2=$(echo "QZto2" | qz_to_tab_space) &&
+	CC1=$(echo "cc1" | append_cr) &&
+	BCC1=$(echo "Q bcc1@example.com Q" | q_to_nul) &&
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="	Example <from@example.com>" \
+	--to="$TO1" \
+	--to="$TO2" \
+	--to="  to3@example.com   " \
+	--cc="$CC1" \
+	--cc="Cc2 <cc2@example.com>" \
+	--bcc="$BCC1" \
+	--bcc="bcc2@example.com" \
+	0001-add-master.patch | replace_variable_fields \
+	>actual-list &&
+	test_cmp expected-list actual-list
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9002-column.sh b/t/t9002-column.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..89983527b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9002-column.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git column'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >lista <<\EOF
+one
+two
+three
+four
+five
+six
+seven
+eight
+nine
+ten
+eleven
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'never' '
+	git column --indent=Z --mode=never <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp lista actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'always' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+Zone
+Ztwo
+Zthree
+Zfour
+Zfive
+Zsix
+Zseven
+Zeight
+Znine
+Zten
+Zeleven
+EOF
+	git column --indent=Z --mode=plain <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '80 columns' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    two    three  four   five   six    seven  eight  nine   ten    eleven
+EOF
+	COLUMNS=80 git column --mode=column <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+one
+two
+three
+four
+five
+six
+seven
+eight
+nine
+ten
+eleven
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success COLUMNS_CAN_BE_1 'COLUMNS = 1' '
+	COLUMNS=1 git column --mode=column <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'width = 1' '
+	git column --mode=column --width=1 <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+COLUMNS=20
+export COLUMNS
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    seven
+two    eight
+three  nine
+four   ten
+five   eleven
+six
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, nodense' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    seven
+two    eight
+three  nine
+four   ten
+five   eleven
+six
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column,nodense < lista > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, dense' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one   five  nine
+two   six   ten
+three seven eleven
+four  eight
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column,dense < lista > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, padding 2' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one     seven
+two     eight
+three   nine
+four    ten
+five    eleven
+six
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column --padding 2 <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, indented' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+  one    seven
+  two    eight
+  three  nine
+  four   ten
+  five   eleven
+  six
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column --indent="  " <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, row first' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    two
+three  four
+five   six
+seven  eight
+nine   ten
+eleven
+EOF
+	git column --mode=row <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, row first, nodense' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    two
+three  four
+five   six
+seven  eight
+nine   ten
+eleven
+EOF
+	git column --mode=row,nodense <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, row first, dense' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one   two    three
+four  five   six
+seven eight  nine
+ten   eleven
+EOF
+	git column --mode=row,dense <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9003-help-autocorrect.sh b/t/t9003-help-autocorrect.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..dfe95c923b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9003-help-autocorrect.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='help.autocorrect finding a match'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	# An alias
+	git config alias.lgf "log --format=%s --first-parent" &&
+
+	# A random user-defined command
+	write_script git-distimdistim <<-EOF &&
+		echo distimdistim was called
+	EOF
+
+	PATH="$PATH:." &&
+	export PATH &&
+
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "a single log entry" &&
+
+	# Sanity check
+	git lgf >actual &&
+	echo "a single log entry" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git distimdistim >actual &&
+	echo "distimdistim was called" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autocorrect showing candidates' '
+	git config help.autocorrect 0 &&
+
+	test_must_fail git lfg 2>actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^Did you mean this/d" actual | grep lgf &&
+
+	test_must_fail git distimdist 2>actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^Did you mean this/d" actual | grep distimdistim
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autocorrect running commands' '
+	git config help.autocorrect -1 &&
+
+	git lfg >actual &&
+	echo "a single log entry" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git distimdist >actual &&
+	echo "distimdistim was called" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
index 6f6175a8f7..6dafe7e99a 100755
--- a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
+++ b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
@@ -5,8 +5,27 @@ test_description='check svn dumpfile importer'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 reinit_git () {
+	if ! test_declared_prereq PIPE
+	then
+		echo >&4 "reinit_git: need to declare PIPE prerequisite"
+		return 127
+	fi
 	rm -fr .git &&
-	git init
+	rm -f stream backflow &&
+	git init &&
+	mkfifo stream backflow
+}
+
+try_dump () {
+	input=$1 &&
+	maybe_fail_svnfe=${2:+test_$2} &&
+	maybe_fail_fi=${3:+test_$3} &&
+
+	{
+		$maybe_fail_svnfe test-svn-fe "$input" >stream 3<backflow &
+	} &&
+	$maybe_fail_fi git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=3 <stream 3>backflow &&
+	wait $!
 }
 
 properties () {
@@ -35,21 +54,19 @@ text_no_props () {
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'empty dump' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'empty dump' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo "SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2" >input &&
-	test-svn-fe input >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream
+	try_dump input
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'v4 dumps not supported' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'v4 dumps not supported' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo "SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 4" >v4.dump &&
-	test_must_fail test-svn-fe v4.dump >stream &&
-	test_cmp empty stream
+	try_dump v4.dump must_fail
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'empty revision' '
+test_expect_failure PIPE 'empty revision' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	printf "rev <nobody, nobody@local>: %s\n" "" "" >expect &&
 	cat >emptyrev.dump <<-\EOF &&
@@ -64,13 +81,12 @@ test_expect_failure 'empty revision' '
 	Content-length: 0
 
 	EOF
-	test-svn-fe emptyrev.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump emptyrev.dump &&
 	git log -p --format="rev <%an, %ae>: %s" HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'empty properties' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'empty properties' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	printf "rev <nobody, nobody@local>: %s\n" "" "" >expect &&
 	cat >emptyprop.dump <<-\EOF &&
@@ -88,13 +104,12 @@ test_expect_success 'empty properties' '
 
 	PROPS-END
 	EOF
-	test-svn-fe emptyprop.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump emptyprop.dump &&
 	git log -p --format="rev <%an, %ae>: %s" HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'author name and commit message' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'author name and commit message' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo "<author@example.com, author@example.com@local>" >expect.author &&
 	cat >message <<-\EOF &&
@@ -121,15 +136,14 @@ test_expect_success 'author name and commit message' '
 		echo &&
 		cat props
 	} >log.dump &&
-	test-svn-fe log.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump log.dump &&
 	git log -p --format="%B" HEAD >actual.log &&
 	git log --format="<%an, %ae>" >actual.author &&
 	test_cmp message actual.log &&
 	test_cmp expect.author actual.author
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'unsupported properties are ignored' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'unsupported properties are ignored' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo author >expect &&
 	cat >extraprop.dump <<-\EOF &&
@@ -149,13 +163,12 @@ test_expect_success 'unsupported properties are ignored' '
 	author
 	PROPS-END
 	EOF
-	test-svn-fe extraprop.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump extraprop.dump &&
 	git log -p --format=%an HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'timestamp and empty file' '
+test_expect_failure PIPE 'timestamp and empty file' '
 	echo author@example.com >expect.author &&
 	echo 1999-01-01 >expect.date &&
 	echo file >expect.files &&
@@ -186,8 +199,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'timestamp and empty file' '
 
 		EOF
 	} >emptyfile.dump &&
-	test-svn-fe emptyfile.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump emptyfile.dump &&
 	git log --format=%an HEAD >actual.author &&
 	git log --date=short --format=%ad HEAD >actual.date &&
 	git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD >actual.files &&
@@ -198,7 +210,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'timestamp and empty file' '
 	test_cmp empty file
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'directory with files' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'directory with files' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	printf "%s\n" directory/file1 directory/file2 >expect.files &&
 	echo hi >hi &&
@@ -242,8 +254,7 @@ test_expect_success 'directory with files' '
 		EOF
 		text_no_props hi
 	} >directory.dump &&
-	test-svn-fe directory.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump directory.dump &&
 
 	git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD >actual.files &&
 	git checkout HEAD directory &&
@@ -252,7 +263,107 @@ test_expect_success 'directory with files' '
 	test_cmp hi directory/file2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'node without action' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'branch name with backslash' '
+	reinit_git &&
+	sort <<-\EOF >expect.branch-files &&
+	trunk/file1
+	trunk/file2
+	"branches/UpdateFOPto094\\/file1"
+	"branches/UpdateFOPto094\\/file2"
+	EOF
+
+	echo hi >hi &&
+	echo hello >hello &&
+	{
+		properties \
+			svn:author author@example.com \
+			svn:date "1999-02-02T00:01:02.000000Z" \
+			svn:log "add directory with some files in it" &&
+		echo PROPS-END
+	} >props.setup &&
+	{
+		properties \
+			svn:author brancher@example.com \
+			svn:date "2007-12-06T21:38:34.000000Z" \
+			svn:log "Updating fop to .94 and adjust fo-stylesheets" &&
+		echo PROPS-END
+	} >props.branch &&
+	{
+		cat <<-EOF &&
+		SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 3
+
+		Revision-number: 1
+		EOF
+		echo Prop-content-length: $(wc -c <props.setup) &&
+		echo Content-length: $(wc -c <props.setup) &&
+		echo &&
+		cat props.setup &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Node-path: trunk
+		Node-kind: dir
+		Node-action: add
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		Content-length: 10
+
+		PROPS-END
+
+		Node-path: branches
+		Node-kind: dir
+		Node-action: add
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		Content-length: 10
+
+		PROPS-END
+
+		Node-path: trunk/file1
+		Node-kind: file
+		Node-action: add
+		EOF
+		text_no_props hello &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		Node-path: trunk/file2
+		Node-kind: file
+		Node-action: add
+		EOF
+		text_no_props hi &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Revision-number: 2
+		EOF
+		echo Prop-content-length: $(wc -c <props.branch) &&
+		echo Content-length: $(wc -c <props.branch) &&
+		echo &&
+		cat props.branch &&
+		cat <<-\EOF
+
+		Node-path: branches/UpdateFOPto094\
+		Node-kind: dir
+		Node-action: add
+		Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+		Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+		Node-kind: dir
+		Node-action: add
+		Prop-content-length: 34
+		Content-length: 34
+
+		K 13
+		svn:mergeinfo
+		V 0
+
+		PROPS-END
+		EOF
+	} >branch.dump &&
+	try_dump branch.dump &&
+
+	git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD |
+	sort >actual.branch-files &&
+	test_cmp expect.branch-files actual.branch-files
+'
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'node without action' '
+	reinit_git &&
 	cat >inaction.dump <<-\EOF &&
 	SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 3
 
@@ -269,10 +380,11 @@ test_expect_success 'node without action' '
 
 	PROPS-END
 	EOF
-	test_must_fail test-svn-fe inaction.dump
+	try_dump inaction.dump must_fail
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'action: add node without text' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'action: add node without text' '
+	reinit_git &&
 	cat >textless.dump <<-\EOF &&
 	SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 3
 
@@ -290,10 +402,10 @@ test_expect_success 'action: add node without text' '
 
 	PROPS-END
 	EOF
-	test_must_fail test-svn-fe textless.dump
+	try_dump textless.dump must_fail
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'change file mode but keep old content' '
+test_expect_failure PIPE 'change file mode but keep old content' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	OBJID
@@ -356,8 +468,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'change file mode but keep old content' '
 
 	PROPS-END
 	EOF
-	test-svn-fe filemode.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump filemode.dump &&
 	{
 		git rev-list HEAD |
 		git diff-tree --root --stdin |
@@ -370,7 +481,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'change file mode but keep old content' '
 	test_cmp hello actual.target
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'NUL in property value' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'NUL in property value' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo "commit message" >expect.message &&
 	{
@@ -391,13 +502,12 @@ test_expect_success 'NUL in property value' '
 		echo &&
 		cat props
 	} >nulprop.dump &&
-	test-svn-fe nulprop.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump nulprop.dump &&
 	git diff-tree --always -s --format=%s HEAD >actual.message &&
 	test_cmp expect.message actual.message
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'NUL in log message, file content, and property name' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'NUL in log message, file content, and property name' '
 	# Caveat: svnadmin 1.6.16 (r1073529) truncates at \0 in the
 	# svn:specialQnotreally example.
 	reinit_git &&
@@ -458,8 +568,7 @@ test_expect_success 'NUL in log message, file content, and property name' '
 		link hello
 		EOF
 	} >8bitclean.dump &&
-	test-svn-fe 8bitclean.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump 8bitclean.dump &&
 	{
 		git rev-list HEAD |
 		git diff-tree --root --stdin |
@@ -478,7 +587,7 @@ test_expect_success 'NUL in log message, file content, and property name' '
 	test_cmp expect.hello2 actual.hello2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'change file mode and reiterate content' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'change file mode and reiterate content' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	OBJID
@@ -490,7 +599,7 @@ test_expect_success 'change file mode and reiterate content' '
 	EOF
 	echo "link hello" >expect.blob &&
 	echo hello >hello &&
-	cat >filemode.dump <<-\EOF &&
+	cat >filemode2.dump <<-\EOF &&
 	SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 3
 
 	Revision-number: 1
@@ -545,8 +654,7 @@ test_expect_success 'change file mode and reiterate content' '
 	PROPS-END
 	link hello
 	EOF
-	test-svn-fe filemode.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump filemode2.dump &&
 	{
 		git rev-list HEAD |
 		git diff-tree --root --stdin |
@@ -559,7 +667,8 @@ test_expect_success 'change file mode and reiterate content' '
 	test_cmp hello actual.target
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'deltas not supported' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'deltas supported' '
+	reinit_git &&
 	{
 		# (old) h + (inline) ello + (old) \n
 		printf "SVNQ%b%b%s" "Q\003\006\005\004" "\001Q\0204\001\002" "ello" |
@@ -619,10 +728,10 @@ test_expect_success 'deltas not supported' '
 		echo PROPS-END &&
 		cat delta
 	} >delta.dump &&
-	test_must_fail test-svn-fe delta.dump
+	try_dump delta.dump
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'property deltas supported' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'property deltas supported' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	OBJID
@@ -678,8 +787,7 @@ test_expect_success 'property deltas supported' '
 		PROPS-END
 		EOF
 	} >propdelta.dump &&
-	test-svn-fe propdelta.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump propdelta.dump &&
 	{
 		git rev-list HEAD |
 		git diff-tree --stdin |
@@ -688,7 +796,7 @@ test_expect_success 'property deltas supported' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'properties on /' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'properties on /' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
 	OBJID
@@ -733,8 +841,7 @@ test_expect_success 'properties on /' '
 
 	PROPS-END
 	EOF
-	test-svn-fe changeroot.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump changeroot.dump &&
 	{
 		git rev-list HEAD |
 		git diff-tree --root --always --stdin |
@@ -743,7 +850,7 @@ test_expect_success 'properties on /' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'deltas for typechange' '
+test_expect_success PIPE 'deltas for typechange' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	OBJID
@@ -819,8 +926,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deltas for typechange' '
 	PROPS-END
 	link testing 321
 	EOF
-	test-svn-fe deleteprop.dump >stream &&
-	git fast-import <stream &&
+	try_dump deleteprop.dump &&
 	{
 		git rev-list HEAD |
 		git diff-tree --root --stdin |
@@ -829,6 +935,143 @@ test_expect_success 'deltas for typechange' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success PIPE 'deltas need not consume the whole preimage' '
+	reinit_git &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	OBJID
+	:120000 100644 OBJID OBJID T	postimage
+	OBJID
+	:100644 120000 OBJID OBJID T	postimage
+	OBJID
+	:000000 100644 OBJID OBJID A	postimage
+	EOF
+	echo "first preimage" >expect.1 &&
+	printf target >expect.2 &&
+	printf lnk >expect.3 &&
+	{
+		printf "SVNQ%b%b%b" "QQ\017\001\017" "\0217" "first preimage\n" |
+		q_to_nul
+	} >delta.1 &&
+	{
+		properties svn:special "*" &&
+		echo PROPS-END
+	} >symlink.props &&
+	{
+		printf "SVNQ%b%b%b" "Q\002\013\004\012" "\0201\001\001\0211" "lnk target" |
+		q_to_nul
+	} >delta.2 &&
+	{
+		printf "SVNQ%b%b" "Q\004\003\004Q" "\001Q\002\002" |
+		q_to_nul
+	} >delta.3 &&
+	{
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 3
+
+		Revision-number: 1
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		Content-length: 10
+
+		PROPS-END
+
+		Node-path: postimage
+		Node-kind: file
+		Node-action: add
+		Text-delta: true
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		EOF
+		echo Text-content-length: $(wc -c <delta.1) &&
+		echo Content-length: $((10 + $(wc -c <delta.1))) &&
+		echo &&
+		echo PROPS-END &&
+		cat delta.1 &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Revision-number: 2
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		Content-length: 10
+
+		PROPS-END
+
+		Node-path: postimage
+		Node-kind: file
+		Node-action: change
+		Text-delta: true
+		EOF
+		echo Prop-content-length: $(wc -c <symlink.props) &&
+		echo Text-content-length: $(wc -c <delta.2) &&
+		echo Content-length: $(($(wc -c <symlink.props) + $(wc -c <delta.2))) &&
+		echo &&
+		cat symlink.props &&
+		cat delta.2 &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Revision-number: 3
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		Content-length: 10
+
+		PROPS-END
+
+		Node-path: postimage
+		Node-kind: file
+		Node-action: change
+		Text-delta: true
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		EOF
+		echo Text-content-length: $(wc -c <delta.3) &&
+		echo Content-length: $((10 + $(wc -c <delta.3))) &&
+		echo &&
+		echo PROPS-END &&
+		cat delta.3 &&
+		echo
+	} >deltapartial.dump &&
+	try_dump deltapartial.dump &&
+	{
+		git rev-list HEAD |
+		git diff-tree --root --stdin |
+		sed "s/$_x40/OBJID/g"
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git show HEAD:postimage >actual.3 &&
+	git show HEAD^:postimage >actual.2 &&
+	git show HEAD^^:postimage >actual.1 &&
+	test_cmp expect.1 actual.1 &&
+	test_cmp expect.2 actual.2 &&
+	test_cmp expect.3 actual.3
+'
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'no hang for delta trying to read past end of preimage' '
+	reinit_git &&
+	{
+		# COPY 1
+		printf "SVNQ%b%b" "Q\001\001\002Q" "\001Q" |
+		q_to_nul
+	} >greedy.delta &&
+	{
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 3
+
+		Revision-number: 1
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		Content-length: 10
+
+		PROPS-END
+
+		Node-path: bootstrap
+		Node-kind: file
+		Node-action: add
+		Text-delta: true
+		Prop-content-length: 10
+		EOF
+		echo Text-content-length: $(wc -c <greedy.delta) &&
+		echo Content-length: $((10 + $(wc -c <greedy.delta))) &&
+		echo &&
+		echo PROPS-END &&
+		cat greedy.delta &&
+		echo
+	} >greedydelta.dump &&
+	try_dump greedydelta.dump must_fail might_fail
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'set up svn repo' '
 	svnconf=$PWD/svnconf &&
@@ -844,12 +1087,12 @@ test_expect_success 'set up svn repo' '
 	fi
 '
 
-test_expect_success SVNREPO 't9135/svn.dump' '
-	git init simple-git &&
-	test-svn-fe "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9135/svn.dump" >simple.fe &&
+test_expect_success SVNREPO,PIPE 't9135/svn.dump' '
+	mkdir -p simple-git &&
 	(
 		cd simple-git &&
-		git fast-import <../simple.fe
+		reinit_git &&
+		try_dump "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9135/svn.dump"
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd simple-svnco &&
diff --git a/t/t9011-svn-da.sh b/t/t9011-svn-da.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b38d16f9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9011-svn-da.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test parsing of svndiff0 files
+
+Using the "test-svn-fe -d" helper, check that svn-fe correctly
+interprets deltas using various facilities (some from the spec,
+some only learned from practice).
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+>empty
+printf foo >preimage
+
+test_expect_success 'reject empty delta' '
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage empty 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delta can empty file' '
+	printf "SVNQ" | q_to_nul >clear.delta &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.delta 4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject svndiff2' '
+	printf "SVN\002" >bad.filetype &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage bad.filetype 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'one-window empty delta' '
+	printf "SVNQ%s" "QQQQQ" | q_to_nul >clear.onewindow &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.onewindow 9 >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject incomplete window header' '
+	printf "SVNQ%s" "QQQQQ" | q_to_nul >clear.onewindow &&
+	printf "SVNQ%s" "QQ" | q_to_nul >clear.partialwindow &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.onewindow 6 &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.partialwindow 6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject declared delta longer than actual delta' '
+	printf "SVNQ%s" "QQQQQ" | q_to_nul >clear.onewindow &&
+	printf "SVNQ%s" "QQ" | q_to_nul >clear.partialwindow &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.onewindow 14 &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.partialwindow 9
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-window empty delta' '
+	printf "SVNQ%s%s" "QQQQQ" "QQQQQ" | q_to_nul >clear.twowindow &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.twowindow 14 >actual &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.twowindow 13 &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'noisy zeroes' '
+	printf "SVNQ%s" \
+		"RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRQQQQQ" |
+		tr R "\200" |
+		q_to_nul >clear.noisy &&
+	len=$(wc -c <clear.noisy) &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.noisy $len &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject variable-length int in magic' '
+	printf "SVNRQ" | tr R "\200" | q_to_nul >clear.badmagic &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.badmagic 5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject truncated integer' '
+	printf "SVNQ%s%s" "QQQQQ" "QQQQRRQ" |
+		tr R "\200" |
+		q_to_nul >clear.fullint &&
+	printf "SVNQ%s%s" "QQQQQ" "QQQQRR" |
+		tr RT "\201" |
+		q_to_nul >clear.partialint &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.fullint 15 &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.fullint 16 &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.partialint 15
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'nonempty (but unused) preimage view' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b" "Q\003QQQ" | q_to_nul >clear.readpreimage &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.readpreimage 9 >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preimage view: right endpoint cannot backtrack' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b" "Q\003QQQ" "Q\002QQQ" |
+		q_to_nul >clear.backtrack &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.backtrack 14
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preimage view: left endpoint can advance' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b" "Q\003QQQ" "\001\002QQQ" |
+		q_to_nul >clear.preshrink &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b" "Q\003QQQ" "\001\001QQQ" |
+		q_to_nul >clear.shrinkbacktrack &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.preshrink 14 >actual &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.shrinkbacktrack 14 &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preimage view: offsets compared by value' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b" "\001\001QQQ" "\0200Q\003QQQ" |
+		q_to_nul >clear.noisybacktrack &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b" "\001\001QQQ" "\0200\001\002QQQ" |
+		q_to_nul >clear.noisyadvance &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.noisybacktrack 15 &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.noisyadvance 15 &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preimage view: reject truncated preimage' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b" "\010QQQQ" | q_to_nul >clear.lateemptyread &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b" "\010\001QQQ" | q_to_nul >clear.latenonemptyread &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b" "\001\010QQQ" | q_to_nul >clear.longread &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.lateemptyread 9 &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.latenonemptyread 9 &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage clear.longread 9
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'forbid unconsumed inline data' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%s%b%s" "QQQQ\003" "bar" "QQQQ\001" "x" |
+		q_to_nul >inline.clear &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage inline.clear 18 >actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject truncated inline data' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%s" "QQQQ\003" "b" | q_to_nul >inline.trunc &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage inline.trunc 10
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject truncated inline data (after instruction section)' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%s" "QQ\001\001\003" "\0201" "b" | q_to_nul >insn.trunc &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage insn.trunc 11
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copyfrom_data' '
+	echo hi >expect &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%b" "QQ\003\001\003" "\0203" "hi\n" | q_to_nul >copydat &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage copydat 13 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple copyfrom_data' '
+	echo hi >expect &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%b%b%b" "QQ\003\002\003" "\0201\0202" "hi\n" \
+		"QQQ\002Q" "\0200Q" | q_to_nul >copy.multi &&
+	len=$(wc -c <copy.multi) &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage copy.multi $len >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incomplete multiple insn' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%b" "QQ\003\002\003" "\0203\0200" "hi\n" |
+		q_to_nul >copy.partial &&
+	len=$(wc -c <copy.partial) &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage copy.partial $len
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'catch attempt to copy missing data' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%s%b%s" "QQ\002\002\001" "\0201\0201" "X" \
+			"QQQQ\002" "YZ" |
+		q_to_nul >copy.incomplete &&
+	len=$(wc -c <copy.incomplete) &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage copy.incomplete $len
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copyfrom target to repeat data' '
+	printf foofoo >expect &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%s" "QQ\006\004\003" "\0203\0100\003Q" "foo" |
+		q_to_nul >copytarget.repeat &&
+	len=$(wc -c <copytarget.repeat) &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage copytarget.repeat $len >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copyfrom target out of order' '
+	printf foooof >expect &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%s" \
+		"QQ\006\007\003" "\0203\0101\002\0101\001\0101Q" "foo" |
+		q_to_nul >copytarget.reverse &&
+	len=$(wc -c <copytarget.reverse) &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage copytarget.reverse $len >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'catch copyfrom future' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%s" "QQ\004\004\003" "\0202\0101\002\0201" "XYZ" |
+		q_to_nul >copytarget.infuture &&
+	len=$(wc -c <copytarget.infuture) &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage copytarget.infuture $len
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copy to sustain' '
+	printf XYXYXYXYXYXZ >expect &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%s" "QQ\014\004\003" "\0202\0111Q\0201" "XYZ" |
+		q_to_nul >copytarget.sustain &&
+	len=$(wc -c <copytarget.sustain) &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage copytarget.sustain $len >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'catch copy that overflows' '
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%s" "QQ\003\003\001" "\0201\0177Q" X |
+		q_to_nul >copytarget.overflow &&
+	len=$(wc -c <copytarget.overflow) &&
+	test_must_fail test-svn-fe -d preimage copytarget.overflow $len
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copyfrom source' '
+	printf foo >expect &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b" "Q\003\003\002Q" "\003Q" | q_to_nul >copysource.all &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage copysource.all 11 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copy backwards' '
+	printf oof >expect &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b" "Q\003\003\006Q" "\001\002\001\001\001Q" |
+		q_to_nul >copysource.rev &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage copysource.rev 15 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'offsets are relative to window' '
+	printf fo >expect &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%b%b" "Q\003\001\002Q" "\001Q" \
+		"\002\001\001\002Q" "\001Q" |
+		q_to_nul >copysource.two &&
+	test-svn-fe -d preimage copysource.two 18 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'example from notes/svndiff' '
+	printf aaaaccccdddddddd >expect &&
+	printf aaaabbbbcccc >source &&
+	printf "SVNQ%b%b%s" "Q\014\020\007\001" \
+		"\004Q\004\010\0201\0107\010" d |
+		q_to_nul >delta.example &&
+	len=$(wc -c <delta.example) &&
+	test-svn-fe -d source delta.example $len >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4d81ba1c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests remote-svn'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+MARKSPATH=.git/info/fast-import/remote-svn
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-svn tests, python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# Override svnrdump with our simulator
+PATH="$HOME:$PATH"
+export PATH PYTHON_PATH GIT_BUILD_DIR
+
+write_script "$HOME/svnrdump" <<\EOF
+exec "$PYTHON_PATH" "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py" "$@"
+EOF
+
+init_git () {
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	#git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9020/example.svnrdump
+	# let's reuse an existing dump file!?
+	git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
+	git remote add svnfile testsvn::file://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
+}
+
+if test -e "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git-remote-testsvn"
+then
+	test_set_prereq REMOTE_SVN
+fi
+
+test_debug '
+	git --version
+	type git
+	type svnrdump
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'simple fetch' '
+	init_git &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
+	cp .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master master.good
+'
+
+test_debug '
+	cat .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master
+	cat .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'repeated fetch, nothing shall change' '
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp master.good .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'fetch from a file:// url gives the same result' '
+	git fetch svnfile
+'
+
+test_expect_failure REMOTE_SVN 'the sha1 differ because the git-svn-id line in the commit msg contains the url' '
+	test_cmp .git/refs/remotes/svnfile/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'mark-file regeneration' '
+	# filter out any other marks, that can not be regenerated. Only up to 3 digit revisions are allowed here
+	grep ":[0-9]\{1,3\} " $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks > $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks.old &&
+	rm $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks.old $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'incremental imports must lead to the same head' '
+	SVNRMAX=3 &&
+	export SVNRMAX &&
+	init_git &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
+	unset SVNRMAX &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp master.good .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_debug 'git branch -a'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
index b041516a1d..28082b134f 100755
--- a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ test_expect_success "checkout from svn" 'svn co "$svnrepo" "$SVN_TREE"'
 
 name='try a deep --rmdir with a commit'
 test_expect_success "$name" '
-	git checkout -f -b mybranch ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch remotes/git-svn &&
 	mv dir/a/b/c/d/e/file dir/file &&
 	cp dir/file file &&
 	git update-index --add --remove dir/a/b/c/d/e/file dir/file file &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch &&
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch &&
 	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
 	test -d "$SVN_TREE"/dir && test ! -d "$SVN_TREE"/dir/a'
 
@@ -65,13 +65,14 @@ test_expect_success "$name" "
 	git update-index --add dir/file/file &&
 	git commit -m '$name' &&
 	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch" || true
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch
+"
 
 
 name='detect node change from directory to file #1'
 test_expect_success "$name" '
 	rm -rf dir "$GIT_DIR"/index &&
-	git checkout -f -b mybranch2 ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch2 remotes/git-svn &&
 	mv bar/zzz zzz &&
 	rm -rf bar &&
 	mv zzz bar &&
@@ -79,27 +80,31 @@ test_expect_success "$name" '
 	git update-index --add -- bar &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch2' || true
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch2
+'
 
 
 name='detect node change from file to directory #2'
 test_expect_success "$name" '
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/index &&
-	git checkout -f -b mybranch3 ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch3 remotes/git-svn &&
 	rm bar/zzz &&
 	git update-index --remove bar/zzz &&
 	mkdir bar/zzz &&
 	echo yyy > bar/zzz/yyy &&
 	git update-index --add bar/zzz/yyy &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
-	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch3' || true
-
+	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch3 &&
+	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	test -d "$SVN_TREE"/bar/zzz &&
+	test -e "$SVN_TREE"/bar/zzz/yyy
+'
 
 name='detect node change from directory to file #2'
 test_expect_success "$name" '
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/index &&
-	git checkout -f -b mybranch4 ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch4 remotes/git-svn &&
 	rm -rf dir &&
 	git update-index --remove -- dir/file &&
 	touch dir &&
@@ -107,66 +112,67 @@ test_expect_success "$name" '
 	git update-index --add -- dir &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch4' || true
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch4
+'
 
 
 name='remove executable bit from a file'
-test_expect_success "$name" '
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM "$name" '
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/index &&
-	git checkout -f -b mybranch5 ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch5 remotes/git-svn &&
 	chmod -x exec.sh &&
 	git update-index exec.sh &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch5 &&
 	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
 	test ! -x "$SVN_TREE"/exec.sh'
 
 
 name='add executable bit back file'
-test_expect_success "$name" '
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM "$name" '
 	chmod +x exec.sh &&
 	git update-index exec.sh &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch5 &&
 	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
 	test -x "$SVN_TREE"/exec.sh'
 
 
-name='executable file becomes a symlink to bar/zzz (file)'
-test_expect_success "$name" '
+name='executable file becomes a symlink to file'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS "$name" '
 	rm exec.sh &&
-	ln -s bar/zzz exec.sh &&
+	ln -s file exec.sh &&
 	git update-index exec.sh &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch5 &&
 	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
 	test -h "$SVN_TREE"/exec.sh'
 
 name='new symlink is added to a file that was also just made executable'
 
-test_expect_success "$name" '
-	chmod +x bar/zzz &&
-	ln -s bar/zzz exec-2.sh &&
-	git update-index --add bar/zzz exec-2.sh &&
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SYMLINKS "$name" '
+	chmod +x file &&
+	ln -s file exec-2.sh &&
+	git update-index --add file exec-2.sh &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch5 &&
 	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
-	test -x "$SVN_TREE"/bar/zzz &&
+	test -x "$SVN_TREE"/file &&
 	test -h "$SVN_TREE"/exec-2.sh'
 
 name='modify a symlink to become a file'
-test_expect_success "$name" '
-	echo git help > help || true &&
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SYMLINKS "$name" '
+	echo git help >help &&
 	rm exec-2.sh &&
 	cp help exec-2.sh &&
 	git update-index exec-2.sh &&
 	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
-		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+		remotes/git-svn..mybranch5 &&
 	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
 	test -f "$SVN_TREE"/exec-2.sh &&
 	test ! -h "$SVN_TREE"/exec-2.sh &&
@@ -175,7 +181,8 @@ test_expect_success "$name" '
 name="commit with UTF-8 message: locale: $GIT_SVN_LC_ALL"
 LC_ALL="$GIT_SVN_LC_ALL"
 export LC_ALL
-test_expect_success UTF8 "$name" "
+# This test relies on the previous test, hence requires POSIXPERM,SYMLINKS
+test_expect_success UTF8,POSIXPERM,SYMLINKS "$name" "
 	echo '# hello' >> exec-2.sh &&
 	git update-index exec-2.sh &&
 	git commit -m 'éï�' &&
@@ -187,7 +194,7 @@ GIT_SVN_ID=alt
 export GIT_SVN_ID
 test_expect_success "$name" \
     'git svn init "$svnrepo" && git svn fetch &&
-     git rev-list --pretty=raw ${remotes_git_svn} | grep ^tree | uniq > a &&
+     git rev-list --pretty=raw remotes/git-svn | grep ^tree | uniq > a &&
      git rev-list --pretty=raw remotes/alt | grep ^tree | uniq > b &&
      test_cmp a b'
 
@@ -195,31 +202,32 @@ name='check imported tree checksums expected tree checksums'
 rm -f expected
 if test_have_prereq UTF8
 then
-	echo tree bf522353586b1b883488f2bc73dab0d9f774b9a9 > expected
+	echo tree dc68b14b733e4ec85b04ab6f712340edc5dc936e > expected
 fi
 cat >> expected <<\EOF
-tree 83654bb36f019ae4fe77a0171f81075972087624
-tree 031b8d557afc6fea52894eaebb45bec52f1ba6d1
-tree 0b094cbff17168f24c302e297f55bfac65eb8bd3
-tree d667270a1f7b109f5eb3aaea21ede14b56bfdd6e
-tree 56a30b966619b863674f5978696f4a3594f2fca9
+tree c3322890dcf74901f32d216f05c5044f670ce632
+tree d3ccd5035feafd17b030c5732e7808cc49122853
+tree d03e1630363d4881e68929d532746b20b0986b83
+tree 149d63cd5878155c846e8c55d7d8487de283f89e
+tree 312b76e4f64ce14893aeac8591eb3960b065e247
+tree 149d63cd5878155c846e8c55d7d8487de283f89e
 tree d667270a1f7b109f5eb3aaea21ede14b56bfdd6e
 tree 8f51f74cf0163afc9ad68a4b1537288c4558b5a4
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "$name" "test_cmp a expected"
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SYMLINKS "$name" "test_cmp a expected"
 
-test_expect_success 'exit if remote refs are ambigious' "
+test_expect_success 'exit if remote refs are ambigious' '
         git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
-                              bar:refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+		bar:refs/remotes/git-svn &&
 	test_must_fail git svn migrate
-"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'exit if init-ing a would clobber a URL' '
         svnadmin create "${PWD}/svnrepo2" &&
         svn mkdir -m "mkdir bar" "${svnrepo}2/bar" &&
         git config --unset svn-remote.svn.fetch \
-                                "^bar:refs/${remotes_git_svn}$" &&
+		"^bar:refs/remotes/git-svn$" &&
 	test_must_fail git svn init "${svnrepo}2/bar"
         '
 
@@ -229,7 +237,7 @@ test_expect_success \
         git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch \
                               "^bar:refs/remotes/bar$" &&
         git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch \
-                              "^:refs/${remotes_git_svn}$"
+			      "^:refs/remotes/git-svn$"
         '
 
 test_expect_success 'dcommit $rev does not clobber current branch' '
@@ -251,26 +259,26 @@ test_expect_success 'dcommit $rev does not clobber current branch' '
 	git branch -D my-bar
 	'
 
-test_expect_success 'able to dcommit to a subdirectory' "
+test_expect_success 'able to dcommit to a subdirectory' '
 	git svn fetch -i bar &&
 	git checkout -b my-bar refs/remotes/bar &&
 	echo abc > d &&
 	git update-index --add d &&
-	git commit -m '/bar/d should be in the log' &&
+	git commit -m "/bar/d should be in the log" &&
 	git svn dcommit -i bar &&
-	test -z \"\`git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar\`\" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar)" &&
 	mkdir newdir &&
 	echo new > newdir/dir &&
 	git update-index --add newdir/dir &&
-	git commit -m 'add a new directory' &&
+	git commit -m "add a new directory" &&
 	git svn dcommit -i bar &&
-	test -z \"\`git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar\`\" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar)" &&
 	echo foo >> newdir/dir &&
 	git update-index newdir/dir &&
-	git commit -m 'modify a file in new directory' &&
+	git commit -m "modify a file in new directory" &&
 	git svn dcommit -i bar &&
-	test -z \"\`git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar\`\"
-	"
+	test -z "$(git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar)"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'dcommit should not fail with a touched file' '
 	test_commit "commit-new-file-foo2" foo2 &&
@@ -283,13 +291,13 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase should not fail with a touched file' '
 	git svn rebase
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'able to set-tree to a subdirectory' "
+test_expect_success 'able to set-tree to a subdirectory' '
 	echo cba > d &&
 	git update-index d &&
-	git commit -m 'update /bar/d' &&
+	git commit -m "update /bar/d" &&
 	git svn set-tree -i bar HEAD &&
-	test -z \"\`git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar\`\"
-	"
+	test -z "$(git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar)"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'git-svn works in a bare repository' '
 	mkdir bare-repo &&
@@ -299,5 +307,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git-svn works in a bare repository' '
 	git svn fetch ) &&
 	rm -rf bare-repo
 	'
+test_expect_success 'git-svn works in in a repository with a gitdir: link' '
+	mkdir worktree gitdir &&
+	( cd worktree &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git init --separate-git-dir ../gitdir &&
+	git svn fetch ) &&
+	rm -rf worktree gitdir
+	'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9101-git-svn-props.sh b/t/t9101-git-svn-props.sh
index 8869f5018e..07bfb63777 100755
--- a/t/t9101-git-svn-props.sh
+++ b/t/t9101-git-svn-props.sh
@@ -26,27 +26,27 @@ cd import
 EOF
 
 	printf "Hello\r\nWorld\r\n" > crlf
-	a_crlf=`git hash-object -w crlf`
+	a_crlf=$(git hash-object -w crlf)
 	printf "Hello\rWorld\r" > cr
-	a_cr=`git hash-object -w cr`
+	a_cr=$(git hash-object -w cr)
 	printf "Hello\nWorld\n" > lf
-	a_lf=`git hash-object -w lf`
+	a_lf=$(git hash-object -w lf)
 
 	printf "Hello\r\nWorld" > ne_crlf
-	a_ne_crlf=`git hash-object -w ne_crlf`
+	a_ne_crlf=$(git hash-object -w ne_crlf)
 	printf "Hello\nWorld" > ne_lf
-	a_ne_lf=`git hash-object -w ne_lf`
+	a_ne_lf=$(git hash-object -w ne_lf)
 	printf "Hello\rWorld" > ne_cr
-	a_ne_cr=`git hash-object -w ne_cr`
+	a_ne_cr=$(git hash-object -w ne_cr)
 
 	touch empty
-	a_empty=`git hash-object -w empty`
+	a_empty=$(git hash-object -w empty)
 	printf "\n" > empty_lf
-	a_empty_lf=`git hash-object -w empty_lf`
+	a_empty_lf=$(git hash-object -w empty_lf)
 	printf "\r" > empty_cr
-	a_empty_cr=`git hash-object -w empty_cr`
+	a_empty_cr=$(git hash-object -w empty_cr)
 	printf "\r\n" > empty_crlf
-	a_empty_crlf=`git hash-object -w empty_crlf`
+	a_empty_crlf=$(git hash-object -w empty_crlf)
 
 	svn_cmd import --no-auto-props -m 'import for git svn' . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
 cd ..
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch revisions from svn' 'git svn fetch'
 
 name='test svn:keywords ignoring'
 test_expect_success "$name" \
-	'git checkout -b mybranch ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	'git checkout -b mybranch remotes/git-svn &&
 	echo Hi again >> kw.c &&
 	git commit -a -m "test keywords ignoring" &&
-	git svn set-tree ${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch &&
-	git pull . ${remotes_git_svn}'
+	git svn set-tree remotes/git-svn..mybranch &&
+	git pull . remotes/git-svn'
 
 expect='/* $Id$ */'
-got="`sed -ne 2p kw.c`"
+got="$(sed -ne 2p kw.c)"
 test_expect_success 'raw $Id$ found in kw.c' "test '$expect' = '$got'"
 
 test_expect_success "propset CR on crlf files" '
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test_expect_success "propset CR on crlf files" '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch and pull latest from svn and checkout a new wc' \
 	'git svn fetch &&
-	 git pull . ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	 git pull . remotes/git-svn &&
 	 svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" new_wc'
 
 for i in crlf ne_crlf lf ne_lf cr ne_cr empty_cr empty_lf empty empty_crlf
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ done
 cd test_wc
 	printf '$Id$\rHello\rWorld\r' > cr
 	printf '$Id$\rHello\rWorld' > ne_cr
-	a_cr=`printf '$Id$\r\nHello\r\nWorld\r\n' | git hash-object --stdin`
-	a_ne_cr=`printf '$Id$\r\nHello\r\nWorld' | git hash-object --stdin`
+	a_cr=$(printf '$Id$\r\nHello\r\nWorld\r\n' | git hash-object --stdin)
+	a_ne_cr=$(printf '$Id$\r\nHello\r\nWorld' | git hash-object --stdin)
 	test_expect_success 'Set CRLF on cr files' \
 	'svn_cmd propset svn:eol-style CRLF cr &&
 	 svn_cmd propset svn:eol-style CRLF ne_cr &&
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ cd test_wc
 	 svn_cmd commit -m "propset CRLF on cr files"'
 cd ..
 test_expect_success 'fetch and pull latest from svn' \
-	'git svn fetch && git pull . ${remotes_git_svn}'
+	'git svn fetch && git pull . remotes/git-svn'
 
-b_cr="`git hash-object cr`"
-b_ne_cr="`git hash-object ne_cr`"
+b_cr="$(git hash-object cr)"
+b_ne_cr="$(git hash-object ne_cr)"
 
 test_expect_success 'CRLF + $Id$' "test '$a_cr' = '$b_cr'"
 test_expect_success 'CRLF + $Id$ (no newline)' "test '$a_ne_cr' = '$b_ne_cr'"
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ cat >create-ignore-index.expect <<\EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'test create-ignore' "
-	git svn fetch && git pull . ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git svn fetch && git pull . remotes/git-svn &&
 	git svn create-ignore &&
 	cmp ./.gitignore create-ignore.expect &&
 	cmp ./deeply/.gitignore create-ignore.expect &&
diff --git a/t/t9102-git-svn-deep-rmdir.sh b/t/t9102-git-svn-deep-rmdir.sh
index eb70f4839c..66cd51102c 100755
--- a/t/t9102-git-svn-deep-rmdir.sh
+++ b/t/t9102-git-svn-deep-rmdir.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
 test_expect_success 'mirror via git svn' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout -f -b test-rmdir ${remotes_git_svn}
+	git checkout -f -b test-rmdir remotes/git-svn
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'Try a commit on rmdir' '
diff --git a/t/t9103-git-svn-tracked-directory-removed.sh b/t/t9103-git-svn-tracked-directory-removed.sh
index 3413164cb1..b28271345c 100755
--- a/t/t9103-git-svn-tracked-directory-removed.sh
+++ b/t/t9103-git-svn-tracked-directory-removed.sh
@@ -23,17 +23,19 @@ test_expect_success 'make history for tracking' '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone repo with git' '
 	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" x &&
-	test -f x/FOLLOWME &&
-	test ! -f x/README
+	test_path_is_file x/FOLLOWME &&
+	test_path_is_missing x/README
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'make sure r2 still has old file' "
-	cd x &&
-		test -n \"\$(git svn find-rev r1)\" &&
-		git reset --hard \$(git svn find-rev r1) &&
-		test -f README &&
-		test ! -f FOLLOWME &&
-		test x\$(git svn find-rev r2) = x
-"
+test_expect_success 'make sure r2 still has old file' '
+	(
+		cd x &&
+		test -n "$(git svn find-rev r1)" &&
+		git reset --hard "$(git svn find-rev r1)" &&
+		test_path_is_file README &&
+		test_path_is_missing FOLLOWME &&
+		test -z "$(git svn find-rev r2)"
+	)
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh b/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
index 13b179e721..cd480edf16 100755
--- a/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
 test_expect_success 'init and fetch a moved directory' '
 	git svn init --minimize-url -i thunk "$svnrepo"/thunk &&
 	git svn fetch -i thunk &&
-	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/thunk@2`" \
-           = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/thunk~1`" &&
-        test "`git cat-file blob refs/remotes/thunk:readme |\
-                 sed -n -e "3p"`" = goodbye &&
-	test -z "`git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch \
-	         "^trunk:refs/remotes/thunk@2$"`"
+	test "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/thunk@2)" \
+	   = "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/thunk~1)" &&
+	test "$(git cat-file blob refs/remotes/thunk:readme |\
+		 sed -n -e "3p")" = goodbye &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+		 "^trunk:refs/remotes/thunk@2$")"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'init and fetch from one svn-remote' '
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ test_expect_success 'init and fetch from one svn-remote' '
         git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
           thunk:refs/remotes/svn/thunk &&
         git svn fetch -i svn/thunk &&
-	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn/trunk`" \
-           = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn/thunk~1`" &&
-        test "`git cat-file blob refs/remotes/svn/thunk:readme |\
-                 sed -n -e "3p"`" = goodbye
+	test "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn/trunk)" \
+	   = "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn/thunk~1)" &&
+	test "$(git cat-file blob refs/remotes/svn/thunk:readme |\
+		 sed -n -e "3p")" = goodbye
         '
 
 test_expect_success 'follow deleted parent' '
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ test_expect_success 'follow deleted parent' '
           junk:refs/remotes/svn/junk &&
         git svn fetch -i svn/thunk &&
         git svn fetch -i svn/junk &&
-        test -z "`git diff svn/junk svn/trunk`" &&
-        test "`git merge-base svn/junk svn/trunk`" \
-           = "`git rev-parse svn/trunk`"
+	test -z "$(git diff svn/junk svn/trunk)" &&
+	test "$(git merge-base svn/junk svn/trunk)" \
+	   = "$(git rev-parse svn/trunk)"
         '
 
 test_expect_success 'follow larger parent' '
@@ -72,16 +72,18 @@ test_expect_success 'follow larger parent' '
         svn import -m "import a larger parent" import "$svnrepo"/larger-parent &&
         svn cp -m "hi" "$svnrepo"/larger-parent "$svnrepo"/another-larger &&
         git svn init --minimize-url -i larger \
-          "$svnrepo"/another-larger/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
+	  "$svnrepo"/larger-parent/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
         git svn fetch -i larger &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i larger-parent \
+	  "$svnrepo"/another-larger/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
+	git svn fetch -i larger-parent &&
         git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/larger &&
         git rev-parse --verify \
-           refs/remotes/larger-parent/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
-        test "`git merge-base \
-                 refs/remotes/larger-parent/trunk/thunk/bump/thud \
-                 refs/remotes/larger`" = \
-             "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/larger`"
-        true
+	   refs/remotes/larger-parent &&
+	test "$(git merge-base \
+		 refs/remotes/larger-parent \
+		 refs/remotes/larger)" = \
+	     "$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/larger)"
         '
 
 test_expect_success 'follow higher-level parent' '
@@ -104,8 +106,8 @@ test_expect_success 'follow deleted directory' '
 	svn_cmd rm -m "remove glob" "$svnrepo"/glob &&
 	git svn init --minimize-url -i glob "$svnrepo"/glob &&
 	git svn fetch -i glob &&
-	test "`git cat-file blob refs/remotes/glob:blob/bye`" = hi &&
-	test "`git ls-tree refs/remotes/glob | wc -l `" -eq 1
+	test "$(git cat-file blob refs/remotes/glob:blob/bye)" = hi &&
+	test "$(git ls-tree refs/remotes/glob | wc -l )" -eq 1
 	'
 
 # ref: r9270 of the Subversion repository: (http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn)
@@ -140,9 +142,9 @@ test_expect_success 'follow-parent avoids deleting relevant info' '
 	git svn init --minimize-url -i r9270-t \
 	  "$svnrepo"/r9270/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/native/t &&
 	git svn fetch -i r9270-t &&
-	test `git rev-list r9270-t | wc -l` -eq 2 &&
-	test "`git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t~1`" = \
-	     "`git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t`"
+	test $(git rev-list r9270-t | wc -l) -eq 2 &&
+	test "$(git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t~1)" = \
+	     "$(git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t)"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "track initial change if it was only made to parent" '
@@ -150,11 +152,11 @@ test_expect_success "track initial change if it was only made to parent" '
 	git svn init --minimize-url -i r9270-d \
 	  "$svnrepo"/r9270/drunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/native/t &&
 	git svn fetch -i r9270-d &&
-	test `git rev-list r9270-d | wc -l` -eq 3 &&
-	test "`git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t`" = \
-	     "`git ls-tree --name-only r9270-d`" &&
-	test "`git rev-parse r9270-t`" = \
-	     "`git rev-parse r9270-d~1`"
+	test $(git rev-list r9270-d | wc -l) -eq 3 &&
+	test "$(git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t)" = \
+	     "$(git ls-tree --name-only r9270-d)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse r9270-t)" = \
+	     "$(git rev-parse r9270-d~1)"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "follow-parent is atomic" '
@@ -191,19 +193,19 @@ test_expect_success "follow-parent is atomic" '
 	git svn fetch -i stunk &&
 	git svn init --minimize-url -i flunked "$svnrepo"/flunked &&
 	git svn fetch -i flunked &&
-	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunk@18`" \
-	   = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk`" &&
-	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunk~1`" \
-	   = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk`" &&
-	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunked~1`" \
-	   = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk~1`"
+	test "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunk@18)" \
+	   = "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunk~1)" \
+	   = "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunked~1)" \
+	   = "$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk~1)"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "track multi-parent paths" '
 	svn_cmd cp -m "resurrect /glob" "$svnrepo"/r9270 "$svnrepo"/glob &&
 	git svn multi-fetch &&
-	test `git cat-file commit refs/remotes/glob | \
-	       grep "^parent " | wc -l` -eq 2
+	test $(git cat-file commit refs/remotes/glob | \
+	       grep "^parent " | wc -l) -eq 2
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "multi-fetch continues to work" "
diff --git a/t/t9105-git-svn-commit-diff.sh b/t/t9105-git-svn-commit-diff.sh
index 5d0afeae6c..6ed5f74e25 100755
--- a/t/t9105-git-svn-commit-diff.sh
+++ b/t/t9105-git-svn-commit-diff.sh
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
 	git commit -a -m "another"
 	'
 
-head=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD^0`
-prev=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD^1`
+head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD^0)
+prev=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD^1)
 
 # the internals of the commit-diff command are the same as the regular
 # commit, so only a basic test of functionality is needed since we've
diff --git a/t/t9106-git-svn-commit-diff-clobber.sh b/t/t9106-git-svn-commit-diff-clobber.sh
index f6d7ac7c5f..dbe8deac0d 100755
--- a/t/t9106-git-svn-commit-diff-clobber.sh
+++ b/t/t9106-git-svn-commit-diff-clobber.sh
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ test_expect_success 'commit complementing change from git' '
 test_expect_success 'dcommit fails to commit because of conflict' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git reset --hard refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git reset --hard refs/remotes/git-svn &&
 	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" t.svn &&
 	(
 		cd t.svn &&
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ test_expect_success 'dcommit fails to commit because of conflict' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'dcommit does the svn equivalent of an index merge' "
-	git reset --hard refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git reset --hard refs/remotes/git-svn &&
 	echo 'index merge' > file2 &&
 	git update-index --add file2 &&
 	git commit -a -m 'index merge' &&
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ test_expect_success 'commit another change from svn side' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple dcommit from git svn will not clobber svn' "
-	git reset --hard refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git reset --hard refs/remotes/git-svn &&
 	echo new file >> new-file &&
 	git update-index --add new-file &&
 	git commit -a -m 'new file' &&
diff --git a/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh b/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
index 289fc313fb..9f3ef8f2ef 100755
--- a/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
+++ b/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
@@ -19,104 +19,117 @@ test_expect_success 'setup old-looking metadata' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 	rm -rf "$GIT_DIR"/svn &&
-	git update-ref refs/heads/git-svn-HEAD refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
-	git update-ref refs/heads/svn-HEAD refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
-	git update-ref -d refs/${remotes_git_svn} refs/${remotes_git_svn}
+	git update-ref refs/heads/git-svn-HEAD refs/remotes/git-svn &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/svn-HEAD refs/remotes/git-svn &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/remotes/git-svn refs/remotes/git-svn
 	'
 
-head=`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/git-svn-HEAD^0`
-test_expect_success 'git-svn-HEAD is a real HEAD' "test -n '$head'"
+test_expect_success 'git-svn-HEAD is a real HEAD' '
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/git-svn-HEAD^0
+'
+
+svnrepo_escaped=$(echo $svnrepo | sed 's/ /%20/')
 
 test_expect_success 'initialize old-style (v0) git svn layout' '
 	mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn/info "$GIT_DIR"/svn/info &&
 	echo "$svnrepo" > "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn/info/url &&
 	echo "$svnrepo" > "$GIT_DIR"/svn/info/url &&
 	git svn migrate &&
-	! test -d "$GIT_DIR"/git svn &&
-	git rev-parse --verify refs/${remotes_git_svn}^0 &&
+	! test -d "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/git-svn^0 &&
 	git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn^0 &&
-	test "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.url)" = "$svnrepo" &&
-	test `git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch` = \
-             ":refs/${remotes_git_svn}"
+	test "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.url)" = "$svnrepo_escaped" &&
+	test $(git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch) = \
+		":refs/remotes/git-svn"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'initialize a multi-repository repo' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -T trunk -t tags -b branches &&
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
-	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
-	test -n "`git config --get svn-remote.svn.branches \
-	            "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/\*$"`" &&
-	test -n "`git config --get svn-remote.svn.tags \
-	            "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/tags/\*$"`" &&
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/origin/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.branches \
+		    "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/origin/\*$")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.tags \
+		    "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/origin/tags/\*$")" &&
 	git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches \
-	                        "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/\*$" &&
+	                        "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/origin/\*$" &&
 	git config --unset svn-remote.svn.tags \
-	                        "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/tags/\*$" &&
-	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/a:refs/remotes/a" &&
-	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/b:refs/remotes/b" &&
-	for i in tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
+	                        "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/origin/tags/\*$" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/a:refs/remotes/origin/a" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/b:refs/remotes/origin/b" &&
+	for i in tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3
+	do
 		git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
-		                 $i:refs/remotes/$i || exit 1; done &&
+			$i:refs/remotes/origin/$i || return 1
+	done &&
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
-	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/a$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/b$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^:refs/${remotes_git_svn}" fetch.out
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/origin/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/origin/a$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/origin/b$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^:refs/remotes/git-svn" fetch.out
 	'
 
 # refs should all be different, but the trees should all be the same:
-test_expect_success 'multi-fetch works on partial urls + paths' "
+test_expect_success 'multi-fetch works on partial urls + paths' '
+	refs="trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3" &&
 	git svn multi-fetch &&
-	for i in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
-		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/\$i^0 >> refs.out || exit 1;
-	    done &&
-	test -z \"\`sort < refs.out | uniq -d\`\" &&
-	for i in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
-	  for j in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
-		if test \$j != \$i; then continue; fi
-	    test -z \"\`git diff refs/remotes/\$i \
-	                         refs/remotes/\$j\`\" ||exit 1; done; done
-	"
+	for i in $refs
+	do
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/$i^0 || return 1;
+	done >refs.out &&
+	test -z "$(sort <refs.out | uniq -d)" &&
+	for i in $refs
+	do
+		for j in $refs
+		do
+			git diff --exit-code refs/remotes/origin/$i \
+					     refs/remotes/origin/$j ||
+				return 1
+		done
+	done
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate --minimize on old inited layout' '
 	git config --unset-all svn-remote.svn.fetch &&
 	git config --unset-all svn-remote.svn.url &&
 	rm -rf "$GIT_DIR"/svn &&
-	for i in `cat fetch.out`; do
-		path=`expr $i : "\([^:]*\):.*$"`
-		ref=`expr $i : "[^:]*:\(refs/remotes/.*\)$"`
+	for i in $(cat fetch.out)
+	do
+		path=$(expr $i : "\([^:]*\):.*$")
+		ref=$(expr $i : "[^:]*:\(refs/remotes/.*\)$")
 		if test -z "$ref"; then continue; fi
 		if test -n "$path"; then path="/$path"; fi
-		( mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR"/svn/$ref/info/ &&
-		echo "$svnrepo"$path > "$GIT_DIR"/svn/$ref/info/url ) || exit 1;
+		mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR"/svn/$ref/info/ &&
+		echo "$svnrepo"$path >"$GIT_DIR"/svn/$ref/info/url ||
+		return 1
 	done &&
 	git svn migrate --minimize &&
-	test -z "`git config -l | grep "^svn-remote\.git-svn\."`" &&
+	test -z "$(git config -l | grep "^svn-remote\.git-svn\.")" &&
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
-	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/a$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/b$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^:refs/${remotes_git_svn}" fetch.out
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/origin/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/origin/a$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/origin/b$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^:refs/remotes/git-svn" fetch.out
 	'
 
 test_expect_success  ".rev_db auto-converted to .rev_map.UUID" '
 	git svn fetch -i trunk &&
-	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
-	expect="$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_map.*)" &&
+	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/origin/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	expect="$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/origin/trunk/.rev_map.*)" &&
 	test -n "$expect" &&
 	rev_db="$(echo $expect | sed -e "s,_map,_db,")" &&
 	convert_to_rev_db "$expect" "$rev_db" &&
 	rm -f "$expect" &&
 	test -f "$rev_db" &&
 	git svn fetch -i trunk &&
-	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
-	test ! -e "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db &&
+	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/origin/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	test ! -e "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/origin/trunk/.rev_db &&
 	test -f "$expect"
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9108-git-svn-glob.sh b/t/t9108-git-svn-glob.sh
index d732d31302..a94286c8ec 100755
--- a/t/t9108-git-svn-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t9108-git-svn-glob.sh
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ test_expect_success 'test refspec globbing' '
 	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/tags/end | \
 	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.end &&
 	test_cmp expect.end output.end &&
-	test "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end~1`" = \
-		"`git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/start`" &&
-	test "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/start~2`" = \
-		"`git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk`" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end~1)" = \
+		"$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/start)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/start~2)" = \
+		"$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk)" &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end@3
 	'
 
@@ -75,20 +75,23 @@ test_expect_success 'test left-hand-side only globbing' '
 		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
 	) &&
 	git svn fetch two &&
-	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/two/tags/end | wc -l` -eq 6 &&
-	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/two/branches/start | wc -l` -eq 3 &&
-	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/start~2` = \
-	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/trunk` &&
-	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/tags/end~3` = \
-	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/start` &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/two/tags/end | wc -l) -eq 6 &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/two/branches/start | wc -l) -eq 3 &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/start~2) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/trunk) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/tags/end~3) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/start) &&
 	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/two/tags/end | \
 	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.two &&
 	test_cmp expect.two output.two
 	'
 
-echo "Only one set of wildcard directories" \
-     "(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: 'branches/*/t/*'" > expect.three
-echo "" >> expect.three
+test_expect_success 'prepare test disallow multi-globs' "
+cat >expect.three <<EOF
+Only one set of wildcards (e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: branches/*/t/*
+
+EOF
+	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test disallow multi-globs' '
 	git config --add svn-remote.three.url "$svnrepo" &&
diff --git a/t/t9109-git-svn-multi-glob.sh b/t/t9109-git-svn-multi-glob.sh
index c318f9f946..8d99e848d4 100755
--- a/t/t9109-git-svn-multi-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t9109-git-svn-multi-glob.sh
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ test_expect_success 'test refspec globbing' '
 	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/tags/end | \
 	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.end &&
 	test_cmp expect.end output.end &&
-	test "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end~1`" = \
-		"`git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/v1/start`" &&
-	test "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/v1/start~2`" = \
-		"`git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk`" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end~1)" = \
+		"$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/v1/start)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/v1/start~2)" = \
+		"$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk)" &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end@3
 	'
 
@@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ test_expect_success 'test left-hand-side only globbing' '
 		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
 	) &&
 	git svn fetch two &&
-	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/two/tags/end | wc -l` -eq 6 &&
-	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start | wc -l` -eq 3 &&
-	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start~2` = \
-	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/trunk` &&
-	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/tags/end~3` = \
-	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start` &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/two/tags/end | wc -l) -eq 6 &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start | wc -l) -eq 3 &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start~2) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/trunk) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/tags/end~3) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start) &&
 	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/two/tags/end | \
 	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.two &&
 	test_cmp expect.two output.two
@@ -124,20 +124,23 @@ test_expect_success 'test another branch' '
 	git config --add svn-remote.four.tags \
 	                 "tags/*:refs/remotes/four/tags/*" &&
 	git svn fetch four &&
-	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/four/tags/next | wc -l` -eq 5 &&
-	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start | wc -l` -eq 3 &&
-	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start~2` = \
-	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/trunk` &&
-	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/tags/next~2` = \
-	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start` &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/four/tags/next | wc -l) -eq 5 &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start | wc -l) -eq 3 &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start~2) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/trunk) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/tags/next~2) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start) &&
 	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/four/tags/next | \
 	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.four &&
 	test_cmp expect.four output.four
 	'
 
-echo "Only one set of wildcard directories" \
-     "(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: 'branches/*/t/*'" > expect.three
-echo "" >> expect.three
+test_expect_success 'prepare test disallow multiple globs' "
+cat >expect.three <<EOF
+Only one set of wildcards (e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: branches/*/t/*
+
+EOF
+	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test disallow multiple globs' '
 	git config --add svn-remote.three.url "$svnrepo" &&
diff --git a/t/t9110-git-svn-use-svm-props.sh b/t/t9110-git-svn-use-svm-props.sh
index a06e4c5b8e..dde0a3c222 100755
--- a/t/t9110-git-svn-use-svm-props.sh
+++ b/t/t9110-git-svn-use-svm-props.sh
@@ -22,36 +22,36 @@ uuid=161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
 bar_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/bar
 test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /bar' "
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@12 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@12 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~1 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@11 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@11 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~2 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@10 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@10 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~3 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@9 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@9 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~4 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@6 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@6 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~5 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@1 $uuid$'
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@1 $uuid$'
 	"
 
 e_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/dir/a/b/c/d/e
 test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /dir/a/b/c/d/e' "
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/e | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $e_url@1 $uuid$'
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $e_url@1 $uuid$'
 	"
 
 dir_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/dir
 test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /dir' "
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/dir | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $dir_url@2 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $dir_url@2 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/dir~1 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $dir_url@1 $uuid$'
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $dir_url@1 $uuid$'
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'find commit based on SVN revision number' "
         git svn find-rev r12 |
-	    grep `git rev-parse HEAD`
+	    grep $(git rev-parse HEAD)
         "
 
 test_expect_success 'empty rebase' "
diff --git a/t/t9111-git-svn-use-svnsync-props.sh b/t/t9111-git-svn-use-svnsync-props.sh
index bd081c2ec3..22b6e5ee7d 100755
--- a/t/t9111-git-svn-use-svnsync-props.sh
+++ b/t/t9111-git-svn-use-svnsync-props.sh
@@ -21,31 +21,31 @@ uuid=161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
 bar_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/bar
 test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /bar' "
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@12 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@12 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~1 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@11 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@11 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~2 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@10 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@10 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~3 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@9 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@9 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~4 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@6 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@6 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~5 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@1 $uuid$'
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $bar_url@1 $uuid$'
 	"
 
 e_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/dir/a/b/c/d/e
 test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /dir/a/b/c/d/e' "
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/e | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $e_url@1 $uuid$'
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $e_url@1 $uuid$'
 	"
 
 dir_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/dir
 test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /dir' "
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/dir | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $dir_url@2 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $dir_url@2 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/dir~1 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $dir_url@1 $uuid$'
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: $dir_url@1 $uuid$'
 	"
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
index a61d6716d2..9861c719f8 100755
--- a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ test_description='test that git handles an svn repository with missing md5sums'
 # Loading a node from a svn dumpfile without a Text-Content-Length
 # field causes svn to neglect to store or report an md5sum.  (it will
 # calculate one if you had put Text-Content-Length: 0).  This showed
-# up in a repository creted with cvs2svn.
+# up in a repository created with cvs2svn.
 
 cat > dumpfile.svn <<EOF
 SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 1
diff --git a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
index 3077851015..a3d388228a 100755
--- a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup svn repository' '
 test_expect_success 'setup git mirror and merge' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -t tags -T trunk -b branches &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout --track -b svn remotes/trunk &&
+	git checkout -b svn remotes/origin/trunk &&
 	git checkout -b merge &&
 	echo new file > new_file &&
 	git add new_file &&
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ test_expect_success 'setup git mirror and merge' '
 	echo friend > README &&
 	cat tmp >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m "friend" &&
-	git pull . merge
+	git merge merge
 	'
 
 test_debug 'gitk --all & sleep 1'
 
 test_expect_success 'verify pre-merge ancestry' "
-	test x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn^2\` = \
-	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/merge\` &&
+	test x\$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn^2) = \
+	     x\$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/merge) &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/heads/svn^ | grep '^friend$'
 	"
 
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ test_expect_success 'git svn dcommit merges' "
 test_debug 'gitk --all & sleep 1'
 
 test_expect_success 'verify post-merge ancestry' "
-	test x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn\` = \
-	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/trunk \` &&
-	test x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn^2\` = \
-	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/merge\` &&
+	test x\$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn) = \
+	     x\$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/trunk) &&
+	test x\$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn^2) = \
+	     x\$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/merge) &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/heads/svn^ | grep '^friend$'
 	"
 
diff --git a/t/t9115-git-svn-dcommit-funky-renames.sh b/t/t9115-git-svn-dcommit-funky-renames.sh
index 6a48e40429..a87d3d3fc1 100755
--- a/t/t9115-git-svn-dcommit-funky-renames.sh
+++ b/t/t9115-git-svn-dcommit-funky-renames.sh
@@ -77,11 +77,47 @@ test_expect_success 'make a commit to test rebase' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'git svn rebase works inside a fresh-cloned repository' '
-	cd test-rebase &&
+	(
+		cd test-rebase &&
 		git svn rebase &&
 		test -e test-rebase-main &&
 		test -e test-rebase
-	'
+	)'
+
+# Without this, LC_ALL=C as set in test-lib.sh, and Cygwin converts
+# non-ASCII characters in filenames unexpectedly, and causes errors.
+# https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-specialnames.html#pathnames-specialchars
+# > Some characters are disallowed in filenames on Windows filesystems. ...
+# ...
+# > ... All of the above characters, except for the backslash, are converted
+# > to special UNICODE characters in the range 0xf000 to 0xf0ff (the
+# > "Private use area") when creating or accessing files.
+prepare_a_utf8_locale
+test_expect_success UTF8,!MINGW,!UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC 'svn.pathnameencoding=cp932 new file on dcommit' '
+	LC_ALL=$a_utf8_locale &&
+	export LC_ALL &&
+	neq=$(printf "\201\202") &&
+	git config svn.pathnameencoding cp932 &&
+	echo neq >"$neq" &&
+	git add "$neq" &&
+	git commit -m "neq" &&
+	git svn dcommit
+'
+
+# See the comment on the above test for setting of LC_ALL.
+test_expect_success !MINGW,!UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC 'svn.pathnameencoding=cp932 rename on dcommit' '
+	LC_ALL=$a_utf8_locale &&
+	export LC_ALL &&
+	inf=$(printf "\201\207") &&
+	git config svn.pathnameencoding cp932 &&
+	echo inf >"$inf" &&
+	git add "$inf" &&
+	git commit -m "inf" &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	git mv "$inf" inf &&
+	git commit -m "inf rename" &&
+	git svn dcommit
+'
 
 stop_httpd
 
diff --git a/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh b/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh
index cf4c05261b..45773ee560 100755
--- a/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh
+++ b/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh
@@ -20,20 +20,20 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repository and import' '
 	) &&
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -T trunk -b branches -t tags &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	echo bye >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m bye &&
 	git svn dcommit &&
-	git reset --hard a &&
+	git reset --hard origin/a &&
 	echo why >> FEEDME &&
 	git update-index --add FEEDME &&
 	git commit -m feedme &&
 	git svn dcommit &&
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	echo aye >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m aye &&
 	git svn dcommit &&
-	git reset --hard b &&
+	git reset --hard origin/b &&
 	echo spy >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m spy &&
 	echo try >> README &&
@@ -42,26 +42,26 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repository and import' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'run log' "
-	git reset --hard a &&
-	git svn log -r2 trunk | grep ^r2 &&
-	git svn log -r4 trunk | grep ^r4 &&
+	git reset --hard origin/a &&
+	git svn log -r2 origin/trunk | grep ^r2 &&
+	git svn log -r4 origin/trunk | grep ^r4 &&
 	git svn log -r3 | grep ^r3
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'run log against a from trunk' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r3 a | grep ^r3
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
+	git svn log -r3 origin/a | grep ^r3
 	"
 
 printf 'r1 \nr2 \nr4 \n' > expected-range-r1-r2-r4
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with --show-commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log --show-commit -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2-r4 -
 	"
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with --show-commit (sha1)' "
 	git svn find-rev r1 >expected-range-r1-r2-r4-sha1 &&
 	git svn find-rev r2 >>expected-range-r1-r2-r4-sha1 &&
 	git svn find-rev r4 >>expected-range-r1-r2-r4-sha1 &&
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log --show-commit -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f2 >out &&
 	git rev-parse \$(cat out) >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2-r4-sha1 actual
@@ -78,67 +78,67 @@ test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with --show-commit (sha1)' "
 printf 'r4 \nr2 \nr1 \n' > expected-range-r4-r2-r1
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 4:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4-r2-r1 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r1 \nr2 \n' > expected-range-r1-r2
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable revision' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 1:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r2 \nr1 \n' > expected-range-r2-r1
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable revision' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 3:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2-r1 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r2 \n' > expected-range-r2
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable upper boundary revision and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 2:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable upper boundary revision and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 3:2 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r4 \n' > expected-range-r4
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable lower boundary revision and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 3:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable lower boundary revision and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 4:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 printf -- '------------------------------------------------------------------------\n' > expected-separator
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and no commits' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 5:6 | test_cmp expected-separator -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and no commits' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 6:5 | test_cmp expected-separator -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 3:5 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 5:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
diff --git a/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh b/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
index b7ef9e2589..69a675052e 100755
--- a/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
@@ -52,4 +52,77 @@ test_expect_success 'clone to target directory with --stdlayout' '
 	rm -rf target
 	'
 
+test_expect_success 'init without -s/-T/-b/-t does not warn' '
+	test ! -d trunk &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo"/project/trunk trunk 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	rm -rf trunk &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone without -s/-T/-b/-t does not warn' '
+	test ! -d trunk &&
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo"/project/trunk 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	rm -rf trunk &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_svn_configured_prefix () {
+	prefix=$1 &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+project/trunk:refs/remotes/${prefix}trunk
+project/branches/*:refs/remotes/${prefix}*
+project/tags/*:refs/remotes/${prefix}tags/*
+EOF
+	test ! -f actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.fetch >>actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.branches >>actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.tags >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm -f expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'init with -s/-T/-b/-t assumes --prefix=origin/' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo"/project project 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "origin/" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with -s/-T/-b/-t assumes --prefix=origin/' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo"/project 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "origin/" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'init with -s/-T/-b/-t and --prefix "" still works' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo"/project project --prefix "" 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with -s/-T/-b/-t and --prefix "" still works' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo"/project --prefix "" 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'init with -T as a full url works' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn init -T "$svnrepo"/project/trunk project &&
+	rm -rf project
+	'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh b/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
index 63fc982c8c..ecb1fed147 100755
--- a/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
+++ b/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
@@ -23,33 +23,44 @@ test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
 	              "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/$scary_uri" &&
 	svn_cmd cp -m "leading dot" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
 			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/.leading_dot" &&
-	svn_cmd cp -m "trailing dot" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
-			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/trailing_dot." &&
+	if test_have_prereq !MINGW
+	then
+		svn_cmd cp -m "trailing dot" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
+			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/trailing_dot."
+	fi &&
 	svn_cmd cp -m "trailing .lock" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
 			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/trailing_dotlock.lock" &&
 	svn_cmd cp -m "reflog" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
-			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/not-a%40{0}reflog" &&
+			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/not-a@{0}reflog@" &&
 	start_httpd
 	'
 
+# SVN 1.7 will truncate "not-a%40{0]" to just "not-a".
+# Look at what SVN wound up naming the branch and use that.
+# Be sure to escape the @ if it shows up.
+non_reflog=$(svn_cmd ls "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches" | grep not-a | sed 's/\///' | sed 's/@/%40/')
+
 test_expect_success 'test clone with funky branch names' '
 	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" project &&
 	(
 		cd project &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/fun%20plugin" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/more%20fun%20plugin!" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/$scary_ref" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/%2Eleading_dot" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/trailing_dot%2E" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/not-a%40{0}reflog"
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/fun%20plugin" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/more%20fun%20plugin!" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/$scary_ref" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/%2Eleading_dot" &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW
+		then
+			git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/trailing_dot%2E"
+		fi &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/$non_reflog"
 	)
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'test dcommit to funky branch' "
 	(
 		cd project &&
-		git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/more%20fun%20plugin!' &&
+		git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/origin/more%20fun%20plugin!' &&
 		echo hello >> foo &&
 		git commit -m 'hello' -- foo &&
 		git svn dcommit
@@ -59,7 +70,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test dcommit to funky branch' "
 test_expect_success 'test dcommit to scary branch' '
 	(
 		cd project &&
-		git reset --hard "refs/remotes/$scary_ref" &&
+		git reset --hard "refs/remotes/origin/$scary_ref" &&
 		echo urls are scary >> foo &&
 		git commit -m "eep" -- foo &&
 		git svn dcommit
@@ -69,7 +80,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test dcommit to scary branch' '
 test_expect_success 'test dcommit to trailing_dotlock branch' '
 	(
 		cd project &&
-		git reset --hard "refs/remotes/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
+		git reset --hard "refs/remotes/origin/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
 		echo who names branches like this anyway? >> foo &&
 		git commit -m "bar" -- foo &&
 		git svn dcommit
diff --git a/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh b/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
index ff19695e77..88241baee3 100755
--- a/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
+++ b/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ test_description='git svn info'
 
 # Tested with: svn, version 1.4.4 (r25188)
 # Tested with: svn, version 1.6.[12345689]
-v=`svn_cmd --version | sed -n -e 's/^svn, version \(1\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\).*$/\1/p'`
+v=$(svn_cmd --version | sed -n -e 's/^svn, version \(1\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\).*$/\1/p')
 case $v in
 1.[456].*)
 	;;
@@ -74,6 +74,36 @@ test_expect_success 'info .' "
 	test_cmp_info expected.info-dot actual.info-dot
 	"
 
+test_expect_success 'info $(pwd)' '
+	(cd svnwc; svn info "$(pwd)") >expected.info-pwd &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info "$(pwd)") >actual.info-pwd &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <expected.info-pwd >expected.info-np &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <actual.info-pwd >actual.info-np &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-np actual.info-np &&
+	test "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/svnwc!!\" <expected.info-pwd)" = \
+	     "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/gitwc!!\" <actual.info-pwd)"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info $(pwd)/../___wc' '
+	(cd svnwc; svn info "$(pwd)/../svnwc") >expected.info-pwd &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info "$(pwd)/../gitwc") >actual.info-pwd &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <expected.info-pwd >expected.info-np &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <actual.info-pwd >actual.info-np &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-np actual.info-np &&
+	test "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/svnwc!!\" <expected.info-pwd)" = \
+	     "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/gitwc!!\" <actual.info-pwd)"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info $(pwd)/../___wc//file' '
+	(cd svnwc; svn info "$(pwd)/../svnwc//file") >expected.info-pwd &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info "$(pwd)/../gitwc//file") >actual.info-pwd &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <expected.info-pwd >expected.info-np &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <actual.info-pwd >actual.info-np &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-np actual.info-np &&
+	test "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/svnwc!!\" <expected.info-pwd)" = \
+	     "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/gitwc!!\" <actual.info-pwd)"
+	'
+
 test_expect_success 'info --url .' '
 	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url .)" = "$quoted_svnrepo"
 	'
diff --git a/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh b/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh
index 1d92c05035..59465b147e 100755
--- a/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh
+++ b/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test clone with percent escapes' '
 	git svn clone "$svnrepo/pr%20ject" clone &&
 	(
 		cd clone &&
-		git rev-parse refs/${remotes_git_svn}
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/git-svn
 	)
 '
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test clone trunk with percent escapes and minimize-url' '
 	git svn clone --minimize-url "$svnrepo/pr%20ject/trunk" minimize &&
 	(
 		cd minimize &&
-		git rev-parse refs/${remotes_git_svn}
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/git-svn
 	)
 '
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test clone trunk with percent escapes' '
 	git svn clone "$svnrepo/pr%20ject/trunk" trunk &&
 	(
 		cd trunk &&
-		git rev-parse refs/${remotes_git_svn}
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/git-svn
 	)
 '
 
@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ test_expect_success 'test clone --stdlayout with percent escapes' '
 	git svn clone --stdlayout "$svnrepo/pr%20ject" percent &&
 	(
 		cd percent &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk^0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/b^0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v1^0
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/trunk^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/b^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v1^0
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'test clone -s with unescaped space' '
-	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" space &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" --prefix origin/ space &&
 	(
 		cd space &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk^0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/b^0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v1^0
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/trunk^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/b^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v1^0
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh b/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh
index fd8184787f..ead404589e 100755
--- a/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh
+++ b/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ rm -rf import
 test_expect_success 'init, fetch and checkout repository' '
 	git svn init --rewrite-root=http://invalid.invalid/ "$svnrepo" &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout -b mybranch ${remotes_git_svn}
+	git checkout -b mybranch remotes/git-svn
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'remove rev_map' '
diff --git a/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh b/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh
index aa841e1299..9f7231d5b7 100755
--- a/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh
+++ b/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ test_expect_success 'enable auto-props config' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add files matching auto-props' '
-	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >exec1.sh &&
-	chmod +x exec1.sh &&
+	write_script exec1.sh </dev/null &&
 	echo "hello" >hello.txt &&
 	echo bar >bar &&
 	git add exec1.sh hello.txt bar &&
@@ -48,8 +47,7 @@ test_expect_success 'disable auto-props config' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add files matching disabled auto-props' '
-	echo "#$SHELL_PATH" >exec2.sh &&
-	chmod +x exec2.sh &&
+	write_script exec2.sh </dev/null &&
 	echo "world" >world.txt &&
 	echo zot >zot &&
 	git add exec2.sh world.txt zot &&
@@ -65,7 +63,10 @@ test_expect_success 'check resulting svn repository' '
 	cd svnrepo &&
 
 	# Check properties from first commit.
-	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:executable exec1.sh)" = "x*" &&
+	if test_have_prereq POSIXPERM
+	then
+		test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:executable exec1.sh)" = "x*"
+	fi &&
 	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type exec1.sh)" = \
 	     "xapplication/x-shellscript" &&
 	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type hello.txt)" = "xtext/plain" &&
@@ -73,7 +74,10 @@ test_expect_success 'check resulting svn repository' '
 	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type bar)" = "x" &&
 
 	# Check properties from second commit.
-	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:executable exec2.sh)" = "x*" &&
+	if test_have_prereq POSIXPERM
+	then
+		test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:executable exec2.sh)" = "x*"
+	fi &&
 	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type exec2.sh)" = "x" &&
 	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type world.txt)" = "x" &&
 	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:eol-style world.txt)" = "x" &&
diff --git a/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh b/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh
index 096abd1fe5..0d53fc9014 100755
--- a/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh
+++ b/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ test_expect_success 'test clone with multi-glob in branch names' '
 	git svn clone -T trunk -b branches/*/* -t tags \
 	              "$svnrepo/project" project &&
 	(cd project &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/v14.1/beta" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/v14.1/gold"
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/v14.1/beta" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/v14.1/gold"
 	)
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'test dcommit to multi-globbed branch' "
 	(cd project &&
-	git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/v14.1/gold' &&
+	git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/origin/v14.1/gold' &&
 	echo hello >> foo &&
 	git commit -m 'hello' -- foo &&
 	git svn dcommit
diff --git a/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh b/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh
index 4b034a67f3..4e95f791db 100755
--- a/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh
@@ -29,30 +29,30 @@ test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
 test_expect_success 'import into git' '
 	git svn init --stdlayout "$svnrepo" &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout remotes/trunk
+	git checkout remotes/origin/trunk
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git svn branch tests' '
 	git svn branch a &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD:) &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/a:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/a:) &&
 	git svn branch -m "created branch b blah" b &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/b:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/b:) &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m "no branchname" &&
 	git svn branch -n c &&
-	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/c &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/origin/c &&
 	test_must_fail git svn branch a &&
 	git svn branch -t tag1 &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag1:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag1:) &&
 	git svn branch --tag tag2 &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag2:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag2:) &&
 	git svn tag tag3 &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag3:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag3:) &&
 	git svn tag -m "created tag4 foo" tag4 &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag4:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag4:) &&
 	test_must_fail git svn tag -m "no tagname" &&
 	git svn tag -n tag5 &&
-	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag5 &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag5 &&
 	test_must_fail git svn tag tag1
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh b/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
index 8cfdfe790f..8dbd6476fa 100755
--- a/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
+++ b/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
@@ -7,29 +7,19 @@ test_description='git svn honors i18n.commitEncoding in config'
 . ./lib-git-svn.sh
 
 compare_git_head_with () {
-	nr=`wc -l < "$1"`
+	nr=$(wc -l < "$1")
 	a=7
 	b=$(($a + $nr - 1))
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne "$a,${b}p" >current &&
 	test_cmp current "$1"
 }
 
-a_utf8_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
-	p
-	q
-}')
-
-if test -n "$a_utf8_locale"
-then
-	test_set_prereq UTF8
-else
-	say "# UTF-8 locale not available, some tests are skipped"
-fi
+prepare_a_utf8_locale
 
 compare_svn_head_with () {
 	# extract just the log message and strip out committer info.
 	# don't use --limit here since svn 1.1.x doesn't have it,
-	LC_ALL="$a_utf8_locale" svn log `git svn info --url` | perl -w -e '
+	LC_ALL="$a_utf8_locale" svn log $(git svn info --url) | perl -w -e '
 		use bytes;
 		$/ = ("-"x72) . "\n";
 		my @x = <STDIN>;
diff --git a/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh b/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
index b324c491c5..41264818cc 100755
--- a/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success 'start import with incomplete authors file' '
 test_expect_success 'imported 2 revisions successfully' '
 	(
 		cd x
-		test "`git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l`" -eq 2 &&
+		test "$(git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l)" -eq 2 &&
 		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn | \
 		  grep "^author BBBBBBB BBBBBBB <bb@example\.com> " &&
 		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~1 | \
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ test_expect_success 'continues to import once authors have been added' '
 	(
 		cd x
 		git svn fetch --authors-file=../svn-authors &&
-		test "`git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l`" -eq 4 &&
+		test "$(git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l)" -eq 4 &&
 		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn | \
 		  grep "^author DDDDDDD DDDDDDD <dd@example\.com> " &&
 		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~1 | \
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch fails on ee' '
 	'
 
 tmp_config_get () {
-	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --get "$1"
+	git config --file=.git/svn/.metadata --get "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'failure happened without negative side effects' '
 	(
 		cd aa-work &&
-		test 6 -eq "`tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev`" &&
-		test 6 -eq "`tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.tags-maxRev`"
+		test 6 -eq "$(tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev)" &&
+		test 6 -eq "$(tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.tags-maxRev)"
 	)
 	'
 
@@ -86,18 +86,17 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch continues after authors-file is fixed' '
 	(
 		cd aa-work &&
 		git svn fetch --authors-file=../svn-authors &&
-		test 8 -eq "`tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev`" &&
-		test 8 -eq "`tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.tags-maxRev`"
+		test 8 -eq "$(tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev)" &&
+		test 8 -eq "$(tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.tags-maxRev)"
 	)
 	'
 
-test_expect_success 'fresh clone with svn.authors-file in config' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'fresh clone with svn.authors-file in config' '
 	(
 		rm -r "$GIT_DIR" &&
 		test x = x"$(git config svn.authorsfile)" &&
 		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
-		unset GIT_DIR &&
-		unset GIT_CONFIG &&
+		sane_unset GIT_DIR &&
 		git config --global \
 		  svn.authorsfile "$HOME"/svn-authors &&
 		test x"$HOME"/svn-authors = x"$(git config svn.authorsfile)" &&
diff --git a/t/t9132-git-svn-broken-symlink.sh b/t/t9132-git-svn-broken-symlink.sh
index 6c4c90b036..aeceffaf7b 100755
--- a/t/t9132-git-svn-broken-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t9132-git-svn-broken-symlink.sh
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -r1 "$svnrepo" x'
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS '"bar" is a symlink that points to "asdf"' '
 	test -L x/bar &&
-	(cd x && test xasdf = x"`git cat-file blob HEAD:bar`")
+	(cd x && test xasdf = x"$(git cat-file blob HEAD:bar)")
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'get "bar" => symlink fix from svn' '
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ test_expect_success 'get "bar" => symlink fix from svn' '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS '"bar" remains a proper symlink' '
 	test -L x/bar &&
-	(cd x && test xdoink = x"`git cat-file blob HEAD:bar`")
+	(cd x && test xdoink = x"$(git cat-file blob HEAD:bar)")
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh b/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh
index 5280e5f1e4..93db45db7d 100755
--- a/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" x'
 test_expect_success 'test that b1 exists and is empty' '
 	(
 		cd x &&
-		git reset --hard branch-c &&
+		git reset --hard origin/branch-c &&
 		test -f b1 &&
 		! test -s b1
 	)
diff --git a/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh b/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
index d60da63f7a..5fa07a369f 100755
--- a/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
+++ b/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success '(supposedly) non-conflicting change from SVN' '
-	test x"`sed -n -e 58p < file`" = x58 &&
-	test x"`sed -n -e 61p < file`" = x61 &&
+	test x"$(sed -n -e 58p < file)" = x58 &&
+	test x"$(sed -n -e 61p < file)" = x61 &&
 	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" tmp &&
 	(cd tmp &&
 		perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^58$/5588/" file &&
 		perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^61$/6611/" file &&
 		poke file &&
-		test x"`sed -n -e 58p < file`" = x5588 &&
-		test x"`sed -n -e 61p < file`" = x6611 &&
+		test x"$(sed -n -e 58p < file)" = x5588 &&
+		test x"$(sed -n -e 61p < file)" = x6611 &&
 		svn_cmd commit -m "58 => 5588, 61 => 6611"
 	)
 	'
@@ -38,20 +38,20 @@ test_expect_success 'some unrelated changes to git' "
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'change file but in unrelated area' "
-	test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4 &&
-	test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7 &&
+	test x\"\$(sed -n -e 4p < file)\" = x4 &&
+	test x\"\$(sed -n -e 7p < file)\" = x7 &&
 	perl -i.bak -p -e 's/^4\$/4444/' file &&
 	perl -i.bak -p -e 's/^7\$/7777/' file &&
-	test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4444 &&
-	test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7777 &&
+	test x\"\$(sed -n -e 4p < file)\" = x4444 &&
+	test x\"\$(sed -n -e 7p < file)\" = x7777 &&
 	git commit -m '4 => 4444, 7 => 7777' file &&
 	git svn dcommit &&
 	svn_cmd up tmp &&
 	cd tmp &&
-		test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4444 &&
-		test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7777 &&
-		test x\"\`sed -n -e 58p < file\`\" = x5588 &&
-		test x\"\`sed -n -e 61p < file\`\" = x6611
+		test x\"\$(sed -n -e 4p < file)\" = x4444 &&
+		test x\"\$(sed -n -e 7p < file)\" = x7777 &&
+		test x\"\$(sed -n -e 58p < file)\" = x5588 &&
+		test x\"\$(sed -n -e 61p < file)\" = x6611
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'attempt to dcommit with a dirty index' '
diff --git a/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh b/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh
index 83cc5fc9d1..7d7e9d46bc 100755
--- a/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh
+++ b/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh
@@ -7,40 +7,39 @@ test_description='git svn authors prog tests'
 
 . ./lib-git-svn.sh
 
-cat > svn-authors-prog <<'EOF'
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-$_ = shift;
-if (s/-sub$//)  {
-	print "$_ <$_\@sub.example.com>\n";
-}
-else {
-	print "$_ <$_\@example.com>\n";
-}
+write_script svn-authors-prog "$PERL_PATH" <<-\EOF
+	$_ = shift;
+	if (s/-sub$//)  {
+		print "$_ <$_\@sub.example.com>\n";
+	} else {
+		print "$_ <$_\@example.com>\n";
+	}
 EOF
-chmod +x svn-authors-prog
 
-cat > svn-authors <<'EOF'
-ff = FFFFFFF FFFFFFF <fFf@other.example.com>
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'svn-authors setup' '
+	cat >svn-authors <<-\EOF
+	ff = FFFFFFF FFFFFFF <fFf@other.example.com>
+	EOF
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
 	for i in aa bb cc-sub dd-sub ee-foo ff
 	do
 		svn mkdir -m $i --username $i "$svnrepo"/$i
 	done
-	'
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'import authors with prog and file' '
 	git svn clone --authors-prog=./svn-authors-prog \
 	    --authors-file=svn-authors "$svnrepo" x
-	'
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'imported 6 revisions successfully' '
 	(
 		cd x
-		test "`git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l`" -eq 6
+		test "$(git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l)" -eq 6
 	)
-	'
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'authors-prog ran correctly' '
 	(
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ test_expect_success 'authors-prog ran correctly' '
 		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~5 | \
 		  grep "^author aa <aa@example\.com> "
 	)
-	'
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'authors-file overrode authors-prog' '
 	(
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success 'authors-file overrode authors-prog' '
 		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn | \
 		  grep "^author FFFFFFF FFFFFFF <fFf@other\.example\.com> "
 	)
-	'
+'
 
 git --git-dir=x/.git config --unset svn.authorsfile
 git --git-dir=x/.git config --unset svn.authorsprog
diff --git a/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh b/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh
index 3cd06718eb..8e7f7d68b7 100755
--- a/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh
+++ b/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh
@@ -66,18 +66,18 @@ test_expect_success 'clone multiple branch and tag paths' '
 		      -t tags_A/* --tags tags_B \
 		      "$svnrepo/project" git_project &&
 	( cd git_project &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/first &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/second &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/1 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/2 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/1.0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/2.0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/3.0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/4.0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v5 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v6 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v7 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v8
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/first &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/second &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/1 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/2 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/1.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/2.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/3.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/4.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v5 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v6 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v7 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v8
 	)
 '
 
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ test_expect_success 'Multiple branch or tag paths require -d' '
 	( cd git_project &&
 		test_must_fail git svn branch -m "No new branch" Nope &&
 		test_must_fail git svn tag -m "No new tag" Tagless &&
-		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/Nope &&
-		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/Tagless
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/Nope &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/Tagless
 	) &&
 	( cd svn_project &&
 		svn_cmd up &&
diff --git a/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh b/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh
index 16852d26ae..3bbf341f6a 100755
--- a/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ test_expect_success 'git svn clone --stdlayout sets up trunk as master' '
 	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" g &&
 	(
 		cd g &&
-		test x`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/trunk^0` = \
-		     x`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master^0`
+		test x$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/trunk^0) = \
+		     x$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master^0)
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a90ff58629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Paul Walmsley - based on t9134 by Vitaly Shukela
+#
+
+test_description='git svn property tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" s &&
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		mkdir qqq www xxx &&
+		echo test_qqq > qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		echo test_www > www/test_www.txt &&
+		echo test_xxx > xxx/test_xxx.txt &&
+		svn_cmd add qqq &&
+		svn_cmd add www &&
+		svn_cmd add xxx &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create some files" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo hi >> www/test_www.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "modify www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone an SVN repository with filter to include qqq directory' '
+	git svn clone --include-paths="qqq" "$svnrepo" g &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in g/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'init+fetch an SVN repository with included qqq directory' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" c &&
+	( cd c && git svn fetch --include-paths="qqq" ) &&
+	rm expect2 &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in c/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify include-paths config saved by clone' '
+	(
+	    cd g &&
+	    git config --get svn-remote.svn.include-paths | fgrep "qqq"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change outside of www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo b >> qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change outside of www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change outside of www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change inside of ignored www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo zaq >> www/test_www.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change in and out of included qqq' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo cvf >> www/test_www.txt
+		echo ygg >> qqq/test_qqq.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9148-git-svn-propset.sh b/t/t9148-git-svn-propset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..102639090c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9148-git-svn-propset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Alfred Perlstein
+#
+
+test_description='git svn propset tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+foo_subdir2="subdir/subdir2/foo_subdir2"
+
+set -e
+mkdir import &&
+(set -e ; cd import
+	mkdir subdir
+	mkdir subdir/subdir2
+	touch foo 		# for 'add props top level'
+	touch subdir/foo_subdir # for 'add props relative'
+	touch "$foo_subdir2"	# for 'add props subdir'
+	svn_cmd import -m 'import for git svn' . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+)
+rm -rf import
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize git svn' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch revisions from svn' '
+	git svn fetch
+	'
+
+set_props () {
+	subdir="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	shift;shift;
+	(cd "$subdir" &&
+		while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do
+			git svn propset "$1" "$2" "$file" || exit 1
+			shift;shift;
+		done &&
+		echo hello >> "$file" &&
+		git commit -m "testing propset" "$file")
+}
+
+confirm_props () {
+	subdir="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	shift;shift;
+	(set -e ; cd "svn_project/$subdir" &&
+		while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do
+			test "$(svn_cmd propget "$1" "$file")" = "$2" || exit 1
+			shift;shift;
+		done)
+}
+
+
+#The current implementation has a restriction:
+#svn propset will be taken as a delta for svn dcommit only
+#if the file content is also modified
+test_expect_success 'add props top level' '
+	set_props "." "foo" "svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn_project &&
+	confirm_props "." "foo" "svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	rm -rf svn_project
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'add multiple props' '
+	set_props "." "foo" \
+		"svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" fbsd:nokeywords yes &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn_project &&
+	confirm_props "." "foo" \
+		"svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" fbsd:nokeywords yes &&
+	rm -rf svn_project
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'add props subdir' '
+	set_props "." "$foo_subdir2" svn:keywords "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn_project &&
+	confirm_props "." "$foo_subdir2" "svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	rm -rf svn_project
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'add props relative' '
+	set_props "subdir/subdir2" "../foo_subdir" \
+		svn:keywords "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn_project &&
+	confirm_props "subdir/subdir2" "../foo_subdir" \
+		svn:keywords "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	rm -rf svn_project
+	'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9150-svk-mergetickets.sh b/t/t9150-svk-mergetickets.sh
index 24c2421bfc..1bb676bede 100755
--- a/t/t9150-svk-mergetickets.sh
+++ b/t/t9150-svk-mergetickets.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_expect_success 'load svk depot' "
 uuid=b48289b2-9c08-4d72-af37-0358a40b9c15
 
 test_expect_success 'svk merges were represented coming in' "
-	[ `git cat-file commit HEAD | grep parent | wc -l` -eq 2 ]
+	[ $(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep parent | wc -l) -eq 2 ]
 	"
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9150/make-svk-dump b/t/t9150/make-svk-dump
index 2242f14ebe..2242f14ebe 100644..100755
--- a/t/t9150/make-svk-dump
+++ b/t/t9150/make-svk-dump
diff --git a/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump b/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump
index e1e138cb1a..e1e138cb1a 100644..100755
--- a/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump
+++ b/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump
diff --git a/t/t9153-git-svn-rewrite-uuid.sh b/t/t9153-git-svn-rewrite-uuid.sh
index 88a2cfa233..372ef15685 100755
--- a/t/t9153-git-svn-rewrite-uuid.sh
+++ b/t/t9153-git-svn-rewrite-uuid.sh
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ test_expect_success 'load svn repo' "
 
 test_expect_success 'verify uuid' "
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/git-svn~0 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: .*@2 $uuid$' &&
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: .*@2 $uuid$' &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/git-svn~1 | \
-	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: .*@1 $uuid$'
+	   grep '^git-svn-id: .*@1 $uuid$'
 	"
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh b/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
index a6a56a6cb9..a0150f057d 100755
--- a/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
@@ -21,8 +21,17 @@ test_expect_success 'add red branch' "
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
 	"
 
+test_expect_success 'add gre branch' "
+	git config --file=.git/svn/.metadata --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/{red,gre}:refs/remotes/*' &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/green &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
+	"
+
 test_expect_success 'add green branch' "
-	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config --file=.git/svn/.metadata --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
 	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/{red,green}:refs/remotes/*' &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
@@ -31,7 +40,7 @@ test_expect_success 'add green branch' "
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'add all branches' "
-	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config --file=.git/svn/.metadata --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
 	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/*:refs/remotes/*' &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
diff --git a/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh b/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh
index a486a98f84..184336f346 100755
--- a/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch deleted tags from same revision with checksum error'
 	cd git_project &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 
-	git diff --exit-code mybranch:trunk/subdir/file tags/mytag:file &&
-	git diff --exit-code master:subdir/file tags/mytag^:file
+	git diff --exit-code origin/mybranch:trunk/subdir/file origin/tags/mytag:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir/file origin/tags/mytag^:file
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh b/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh
index 5ce7e2f3b0..7a6e33ba3c 100755
--- a/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh
+++ b/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch deleted tags from same revision with no checksum erro
 	cd git_project &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 
-	git diff --exit-code master:subdir3/file tags/mytag:file &&
-	git diff --exit-code master:subdir2/file tags/mytag^:file &&
-	git diff --exit-code master:subdir1/file tags/mytag^^:file
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir3/file origin/tags/mytag:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir2/file origin/tags/mytag^:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir1/file origin/tags/mytag^^:file
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh b/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh
index 8c9539e1b4..13f78f2682 100755
--- a/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh
+++ b/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ test_expect_success 'change svn:mergeinfo' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify svn:mergeinfo' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/foo:1-10"
 '
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test_expect_success 'change svn:mergeinfo multiline' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify svn:mergeinfo multiline' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/bar:1-10
 /branches/other:3-5,8,10-11"
 '
diff --git a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
index 6ef0c0bde3..f113acaa6c 100755
--- a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
+++ b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
@@ -18,34 +18,34 @@ test_expect_success 'load svn dump' "
 
 test_expect_success 'propagate merge information' '
 	git config svn.pushmergeinfo yes &&
-	git checkout svnb1 &&
-	git merge --no-ff svnb2 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb1 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb2 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'check svn:mergeinfo' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb2:3,8"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge another branch' '
-	git merge --no-ff svnb3 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb3 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'check primary parent mergeinfo respected' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb2:3,8
 /branches/svnb3:4,9"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge existing merge' '
-	git merge --no-ff svnb4 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb4 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "check both parents' mergeinfo respected" '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb2:3,8
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
 /branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ test_expect_success "check both parents' mergeinfo respected" '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'make further commits to branch' '
-	git checkout svnb2 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb2 &&
 	touch newb2file &&
 	git add newb2file &&
 	git commit -m "later b2 commit" &&
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ test_expect_success 'make further commits to branch' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'second forward merge' '
-	git checkout svnb1 &&
-	git merge --no-ff svnb2 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb1 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb2 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'check new mergeinfo added' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb2:3,8,16-17
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
 /branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
@@ -78,26 +78,25 @@ test_expect_success 'check new mergeinfo added' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'reintegration merge' '
-	git checkout svnb4 &&
-	git merge --no-ff svnb1 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb4 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb1 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'check reintegration mergeinfo' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb4)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb4) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb1:2-4,7-9,13-18
 /branches/svnb2:3,8,16-17
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
-/branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
 /branches/svnb5:6,11"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'dcommit a merge at the top of a stack' '
-	git checkout svnb1 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb1 &&
 	touch anotherfile &&
 	git add anotherfile &&
 	git commit -m "a commit" &&
-	git merge svnb4 &&
+	git merge origin/svnb4 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh b/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d6245cee08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Peter Baumann
+#
+
+test_description='git svn reset clears memoized caches'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+# ... a  -  b - m   <- trunk
+#      \       /
+#       ... c       <- branch1
+#
+# SVN Commits not interesting for this test are abbreviated with "..."
+#
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "create trunk" "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "create branches" "$svnrepo/branches" &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "a" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m b &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m c &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd merge "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "m"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch to merge-base (a)' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch --revision BASE:3
+'
+
+# git svn rebase looses the merge commit
+#
+# ... a  -  b - m  <- trunk
+#      \
+#       ... c
+#
+test_expect_success 'rebase looses SVN merge (m)' '
+	git svn rebase &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file -p master|grep parent|wc -l)
+'
+
+# git svn fetch creates correct history with merge commit
+#
+# ... a  -  b - m  <- trunk
+#      \       /
+#       ... c      <- branch1
+#
+test_expect_success 'reset and fetch gets the SVN merge (m) correctly' '
+	git svn reset -r 3 &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	test 2 = $(git cat-file -p origin/trunk|grep parent|wc -l)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh b/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d8464d4218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Robert Luberda
+#
+
+test_description='concurrent git svn dcommit'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svn repository' '
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo" work.svn &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		echo >file && echo > auto_updated_file
+		svn_cmd add file auto_updated_file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit"
+	) &&
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo" work-auto-commits.svn
+'
+N=0
+next_N()
+{
+	N=$(( $N + 1 ))
+}
+
+# Setup SVN repository hooks to emulate SVN failures or concurrent commits
+# The function adds
+# either pre-commit  hook, which causes SVN commit given in second argument
+#                    to fail
+# or     post-commit hook, which creates a new commit (a new line added to
+#                    auto_updated_file) after given SVN commit
+# The first argument contains a type of the hook
+# The second argument contains a number (not SVN revision) of commit
+# the hook should be applied for (each time the hook is run, the given
+# number is decreased by one until it gets 0, in which case the hook
+# will execute its real action)
+setup_hook()
+{
+	hook_type="$1"  # "pre-commit" or "post-commit"
+	skip_revs="$2"
+	[ "$hook_type" = "pre-commit" ] ||
+		[ "$hook_type" = "post-commit" ] ||
+		{ echo "ERROR: invalid argument ($hook_type)" \
+			"passed to setup_hook" >&2 ; return 1; }
+	echo "cnt=$skip_revs" > "$hook_type-counter"
+	rm -f "$rawsvnrepo/hooks/"*-commit # drop previous hooks
+	hook="$rawsvnrepo/hooks/$hook_type"
+	cat > "$hook" <<- 'EOF1'
+		#!/bin/sh
+		set -e
+		cd "$1/.."  # "$1" is repository location
+		exec >> svn-hook.log 2>&1
+		hook="$(basename "$0")"
+		echo "*** Executing $hook $@"
+		set -x
+		. ./$hook-counter
+		cnt="$(($cnt - 1))"
+		echo "cnt=$cnt" > ./$hook-counter
+		[ "$cnt" = "0" ] || exit 0
+EOF1
+	if [ "$hook_type" = "pre-commit" ]; then
+		echo "echo 'commit disallowed' >&2; exit 1" >>"$hook"
+	else
+		echo "PATH=\"$PATH\"; export PATH" >>"$hook"
+		echo "svnconf=\"$svnconf\"" >>"$hook"
+		cat >>"$hook" <<- 'EOF2'
+			cd work-auto-commits.svn
+			svn up --config-dir "$svnconf"
+			echo "$$" >> auto_updated_file
+			svn commit --config-dir "$svnconf" \
+				-m "auto-committing concurrent change"
+			exit 0
+EOF2
+	fi
+	chmod 755 "$hook"
+}
+
+check_contents()
+{
+	gitdir="$1"
+	(cd ../work.svn && svn_cmd up) &&
+	test_cmp file ../work.svn/file &&
+	test_cmp auto_updated_file ../work.svn/auto_updated_file
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'check if post-commit hook creates a concurrent commit' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 1 &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		cp auto_updated_file au_file_saved &&
+		echo 1 >> file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "changing file" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		test_must_fail test_cmp auto_updated_file au_file_saved
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if pre-commit hook fails' '
+	setup_hook pre-commit 2 &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		echo 2 >> file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "changing file once again" &&
+		echo 3 >> file &&
+		test_must_fail svn_cmd commit -m "this commit should fail" &&
+		svn_cmd revert file
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit error handling' '
+	setup_hook pre-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo 1 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo 2 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo 3 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should fail to dcommit 2nd and 3rd change
+		# but still should leave the repository in reasonable state
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		git show HEAD~2   | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD~1 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit concurrent change in non-changed file' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo 1 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo 2 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo 3 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should rebase and leave the repository in reasonable state
+		git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		check_contents &&
+		git show HEAD~3 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~1 | grep -q auto-committing &&
+		git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+# An utility function used in the following test
+delete_first_line()
+{
+	file="$1" &&
+	sed 1d < "$file" > "${file}.tmp" &&
+	rm "$file" &&
+	mv "${file}.tmp" "$file"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit concurrent non-conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		cat file >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should rebase and leave the repository in reasonable state
+		git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		check_contents &&
+		git show HEAD~3 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~1 | grep -q auto-committing &&
+		git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit --no-rebase concurrent non-conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		cat file >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should fail as rebase is needed
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit --no-rebase &&
+		# but should leave HEAD unchanged
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		! git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD~1 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit fails on concurrent conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 1 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo a >> file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo b >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo c >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit && # rebase should fail
+		test_must_fail git update-index --refresh
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh b/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fa3ef3b1f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Steven Walter
+#
+
+test_description='git svn merge detection'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/branches &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		touch bar2 &&
+		svn_cmd add bar2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m trunk &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd merge "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge trunk"
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd merge --reintegrate "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge branch2"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone svn repo' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge commit' 'x=$(git rev-parse HEAD^2) &&
+	y=$(git rev-parse origin/branch2) &&
+	test "x$x" = "x$y"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh b/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..52f2e46a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Steven Walter
+#
+
+test_description='git svn merge detection'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/branches &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd merge --reintegrate "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge branch2"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone svn repo' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge commit' 'x=$(git rev-parse HEAD^2) &&
+	y=$(git rev-parse origin/branch2) &&
+	test "x$x" = "x$y"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ba35fc06fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Tobias Schulte
+#
+
+test_description='git svn branch for subproject clones'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	(
+		cd import &&
+		mkdir -p trunk/project branches tags &&
+		(
+			cd trunk/project &&
+			echo foo > foo
+		) &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "import for git-svn" . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+	) &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk/project trunk/project &&
+	(
+		cd trunk/project &&
+		echo bar >> foo &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "updated trunk"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import into git' '
+	git svn init --trunk=trunk/project --branches=branches/*/project \
+		--tags=tags/*/project "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git checkout remotes/origin/trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn branch tests' '
+	test_must_fail git svn branch a &&
+	git svn branch --parents a &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch -t tag1 &&
+	git svn branch --parents -t tag1 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch --tag tag2 &&
+	git svn branch --parents --tag tag2 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn tag tag3 &&
+	git svn tag --parents tag3
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9168-git-svn-partially-globbed-names.sh b/t/t9168-git-svn-partially-globbed-names.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8b22f2272c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9168-git-svn-partially-globbed-names.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+test_description='git svn globbing refspecs with prefixed globs'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare test refspec prefixed globbing' '
+	cat >expect.end <<EOF
+the end
+hi
+start a new branch
+initial
+EOF
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'test refspec prefixed globbing' '
+	mkdir -p trunk/src/a trunk/src/b trunk/doc &&
+	echo "hello world" >trunk/src/a/readme &&
+	echo "goodbye world" >trunk/src/b/readme &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "initial" trunk "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" tmp &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		mkdir branches tags &&
+		svn_cmd add branches tags &&
+		svn_cmd cp trunk branches/b_start &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "start a new branch" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo "hi" >>branches/b_start/src/b/readme &&
+		poke branches/b_start/src/b/readme &&
+		echo "hey" >>branches/b_start/src/a/readme &&
+		poke branches/b_start/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "hi" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd cp branches/b_start tags/t_end &&
+		echo "bye" >>tags/t_end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/t_end/src/b/readme &&
+		echo "aye" >>tags/t_end/src/a/readme &&
+		poke tags/t_end/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "the end" &&
+		echo "byebye" >>tags/t_end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/t_end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "nothing to see here"
+	) &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+			 "trunk/src/a:refs/remotes/trunk" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.branches \
+			 "branches/b_*/src/a:refs/remotes/branches/b_*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.tags\
+			 "tags/t_*/src/a:refs/remotes/tags/t_*" &&
+	git svn multi-fetch &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/tags/t_end | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" >output.end &&
+	test_cmp expect.end output.end &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/t_end~1)" = \
+		"$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/b_start)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/b_start~2)" = \
+		"$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk)" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/t_end@3
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare test left-hand-side only prefixed globbing' '
+	echo try to try >expect.two &&
+	echo nothing to see here >>expect.two &&
+	cat expect.end >>expect.two
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'test left-hand-side only prefixed globbing' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.fetch trunk:refs/remotes/two/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.branches \
+			 "branches/b_*:refs/remotes/two/branches/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.tags \
+			 "tags/t_*:refs/remotes/two/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		echo "try try" >>tags/t_end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/t_end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
+	) &&
+	git svn fetch two &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/two/tags/t_end | wc -l) -eq 6 &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/two/branches/b_start | wc -l) -eq 3 &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/b_start~2) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/trunk) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/tags/t_end~3) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/b_start) &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/two/tags/t_end | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" >output.two &&
+	test_cmp expect.two output.two
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare test prefixed globs match just prefix' '
+	cat >expect.three <<EOF
+Tag commit to t_
+Branch commit to b_
+initial
+EOF
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'test prefixed globs match just prefix' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.fetch \
+			 trunk:refs/remotes/three/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.branches \
+			 "branches/b_*:refs/remotes/three/branches/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.tags \
+			 "tags/t_*:refs/remotes/three/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		svn_cmd cp trunk branches/b_ &&
+		echo "Branch commit to b_" >>branches/b_/src/a/readme &&
+		poke branches/b_/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Branch commit to b_" &&
+		svn_cmd up && svn_cmd cp branches/b_ tags/t_ &&
+		echo "Tag commit to t_" >>tags/t_/src/a/readme &&
+		poke tags/t_/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Tag commit to t_" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	) &&
+	git svn fetch three &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/three/branches/b_ | wc -l) -eq 2 &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/three/tags/t_ | wc -l) -eq 3 &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/three/branches/b_~1) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/three/trunk) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/three/tags/t_~1) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/three/branches/b_) &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/three/tags/t_ | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" >output.three &&
+	test_cmp expect.three output.three
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare test disallow prefixed multi-globs' "
+cat >expect.four <<EOF
+Only one set of wildcards (e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: branches/b_*/t/*
+
+EOF
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'test disallow prefixed multi-globs' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.four.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.four.fetch \
+			 trunk:refs/remotes/four/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.four.branches \
+			 "branches/b_*/t/*:refs/remotes/four/branches/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.four.tags \
+			 "tags/t_*/*:refs/remotes/four/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		echo "try try" >>tags/t_end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/t_end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git svn fetch four 2>stderr.four &&
+	test_cmp expect.four stderr.four &&
+	git config --unset svn-remote.four.branches &&
+	git config --unset svn-remote.four.tags
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare test globbing in the middle of the word' '
+	cat >expect.five <<EOF
+Tag commit to fghij
+Branch commit to abcde
+initial
+EOF
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'test globbing in the middle of the word' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.five.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.five.fetch \
+			 trunk:refs/remotes/five/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.five.branches \
+			 "branches/a*e:refs/remotes/five/branches/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.five.tags \
+			 "tags/f*j:refs/remotes/five/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		svn_cmd cp trunk branches/abcde &&
+		echo "Branch commit to abcde" >>branches/abcde/src/a/readme &&
+		poke branches/b_/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Branch commit to abcde" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd cp branches/abcde tags/fghij &&
+		echo "Tag commit to fghij" >>tags/fghij/src/a/readme &&
+		poke tags/fghij/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Tag commit to fghij" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	) &&
+	git svn fetch five &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/five/branches/abcde | wc -l) -eq 2 &&
+	test $(git rev-list refs/remotes/five/tags/fghij | wc -l) -eq 3 &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/five/branches/abcde~1) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/five/trunk) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/five/tags/fghij~1) = \
+	     $(git rev-parse refs/remotes/five/branches/abcde) &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/five/tags/fghij | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" >output.five &&
+	test_cmp expect.five output.five
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare test disallow multiple asterisks in one word' "
+	echo \"Only one '*' is allowed in a pattern: 'a*c*e'\" >expect.six &&
+	echo \"\" >>expect.six
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'test disallow multiple asterisks in one word' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.six.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.six.fetch \
+			 trunk:refs/remotes/six/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.six.branches \
+			 "branches/a*c*e:refs/remotes/six/branches/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.six.tags \
+			 "tags/f*h*j:refs/remotes/six/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		echo "try try" >>tags/fghij/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/fghij/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git svn fetch six 2>stderr.six &&
+	test_cmp expect.six stderr.six
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
index 41db05cb4a..bb879a527d 100755
--- a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
+++ b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 test_description='Test export of commits to CVS'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
 	skip_all='skipping git cvsexportcommit tests, perl not available'
@@ -19,14 +18,15 @@ then
     test_done
 fi
 
-CVSROOT=$(pwd)/cvsroot
-CVSWORK=$(pwd)/cvswork
-GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/.git
+CVSROOT=$PWD/tmpcvsroot
+CVSWORK=$PWD/cvswork
+GIT_DIR=$PWD/.git
 export CVSROOT CVSWORK GIT_DIR
 
 rm -rf "$CVSROOT" "$CVSWORK"
-mkdir "$CVSROOT" &&
+
 cvs init &&
+test -d "$CVSROOT" &&
 cvs -Q co -d "$CVSWORK" . &&
 echo >empty &&
 git add empty &&
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ exit 1
 
 check_entries () {
 	# $1 == directory, $2 == expected
-	grep '^/' "$1/CVS/Entries" | sort | cut -d/ -f2,3,5 >actual
+	sed -ne '/^\//p' "$1/CVS/Entries" | sort | cut -d/ -f2,3,5 >actual
 	if test -z "$2"
 	then
 		>expected
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ if p="Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö" &&
 then
 
 # This test contains UTF-8 characters
-test_expect_success \
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
      'File with non-ascii file name' \
      'mkdir -p Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö &&
       echo Foo >Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö/gårdetsågårdet.txt &&
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ test_expect_success 'use the same checkout for Git and CVS' '
 
 	(mkdir shared &&
 	 cd shared &&
-	 unset GIT_DIR &&
+	 sane_unset GIT_DIR &&
 	 cvs co . &&
 	 git init &&
 	 git add " space" &&
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 438aaf6b14..74d740de41 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@ head_c () {
 	' - "$1"
 }
 
+verify_packs () {
+	for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack
+	do
+		git verify-pack "$@" "$p" || return
+	done
+}
+
 file2_data='file2
 second line of EOF'
 
@@ -40,1078 +47,1080 @@ file5_data='an inline file.
 file6_data='#!/bin/sh
 echo "$@"'
 
->empty
-
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 ###
 ### series A
 ###
 
-test_tick
-
 test_expect_success 'empty stream succeeds' '
+	git config fastimport.unpackLimit 0 &&
 	git fast-import </dev/null
 '
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-blob
-mark :2
-data <<EOF
-$file2_data
-EOF
-
-blob
-mark :3
-data <<END
-$file3_data
-END
-
-blob
-mark :4
-data $file4_len
-$file4_data
-commit refs/heads/master
-mark :5
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-initial
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 :2 file2
-M 644 :3 file3
-M 755 :4 file4
-
-tag series-A
-from :5
-data <<EOF
-An annotated tag without a tagger
-EOF
-
-tag series-A-blob
-from :3
-data <<EOF
-An annotated tag that annotates a blob.
-EOF
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'A: create pack from stdin' \
-    'git fast-import --export-marks=marks.out <input &&
-	 git whatchanged master'
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-initial
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit master | sed 1d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-100644 blob file2
-100644 blob file3
-100755 blob file4
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify tree' \
-	'git cat-file -p master^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$file2_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify file2' \
-	'git cat-file blob master:file2 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$file3_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify file3' \
-	'git cat-file blob master:file3 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-printf "$file4_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify file4' \
-	'git cat-file blob master:file4 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-object $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master)
-type commit
-tag series-A
-
-An annotated tag without a tagger
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'truncated stream complains' '
+	echo "tag foo" | test_must_fail git fast-import
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: create pack from stdin' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	blob
+	mark :2
+	data <<EOF
+	$file2_data
+	EOF
+
+	blob
+	mark :3
+	data <<END
+	$file3_data
+	END
+
+	blob
+	mark :4
+	data $file4_len
+	$file4_data
+	commit refs/heads/master
+	mark :5
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	initial
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 :2 file2
+	M 644 :3 file3
+	M 755 :4 file4
+
+	tag series-A
+	from :5
+	data <<EOF
+	An annotated tag without a tagger
+	EOF
+
+	tag series-A-blob
+	from :3
+	data <<EOF
+	An annotated tag that annotates a blob.
+	EOF
+
+	INPUT_END
+	git fast-import --export-marks=marks.out <input &&
+	git whatchanged master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	initial
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit master | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify tree' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	100644 blob file2
+	100644 blob file3
+	100755 blob file4
+	EOF
+	git cat-file -p master^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify file2' '
+	echo "$file2_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob master:file2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify file3' '
+	echo "$file3_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob master:file3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify file4' '
+	printf "$file4_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob master:file4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'A: verify tag/series-A' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	object $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master)
+	type commit
+	tag series-A
+
+	An annotated tag without a tagger
+	EOF
 	git cat-file tag tags/series-A >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-object $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master:file3)
-type blob
-tag series-A-blob
-
-An annotated tag that annotates a blob.
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'A: verify tag/series-A-blob' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	object $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master:file3)
+	type blob
+	tag series-A-blob
+
+	An annotated tag that annotates a blob.
+	EOF
 	git cat-file tag tags/series-A-blob >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:2 `git rev-parse --verify master:file2`
-:3 `git rev-parse --verify master:file3`
-:4 `git rev-parse --verify master:file4`
-:5 `git rev-parse --verify master^0`
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify marks output' \
-	'test_cmp expect marks.out'
+test_expect_success 'A: verify marks output' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:2 $(git rev-parse --verify master:file2)
+	:3 $(git rev-parse --verify master:file3)
+	:4 $(git rev-parse --verify master:file4)
+	:5 $(git rev-parse --verify master^0)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect marks.out
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify marks import' \
-	'git fast-import \
+test_expect_success 'A: verify marks import' '
+	git fast-import \
 		--import-marks=marks.out \
 		--export-marks=marks.new \
 		</dev/null &&
-	test_cmp expect marks.new'
-
-test_tick
-new_blob=$(echo testing | git hash-object --stdin)
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-tag series-A-blob-2
-from $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master:file3)
-data <<EOF
-Tag blob by sha1.
-EOF
-
-blob
-mark :6
-data <<EOF
-testing
-EOF
-
-commit refs/heads/new_blob
-committer  <> 0 +0000
-data 0
-M 644 :6 new_blob
-#pretend we got sha1 from fast-import
-ls "new_blob"
-
-tag series-A-blob-3
-from $new_blob
-data <<EOF
-Tag new_blob.
-EOF
-INPUT_END
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-object $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master:file3)
-type blob
-tag series-A-blob-2
-
-Tag blob by sha1.
-object $new_blob
-type blob
-tag series-A-blob-3
-
-Tag new_blob.
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: tag blob by sha1' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
+	test_cmp expect marks.new
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: tag blob by sha1' '
+	test_tick &&
+	new_blob=$(echo testing | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	tag series-A-blob-2
+	from $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master:file3)
+	data <<EOF
+	Tag blob by sha1.
+	EOF
+
+	blob
+	mark :6
+	data <<EOF
+	testing
+	EOF
+
+	commit refs/heads/new_blob
+	committer  <> 0 +0000
+	data 0
+	M 644 :6 new_blob
+	#pretend we got sha1 from fast-import
+	ls "new_blob"
+
+	tag series-A-blob-3
+	from $new_blob
+	data <<EOF
+	Tag new_blob.
+	EOF
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	object $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master:file3)
+	type blob
+	tag series-A-blob-2
+
+	Tag blob by sha1.
+	object $new_blob
+	type blob
+	tag series-A-blob-3
+
+	Tag new_blob.
+	EOF
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
 	git cat-file tag tags/series-A-blob-2 >actual &&
 	git cat-file tag tags/series-A-blob-3 >>actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/verify--import-marks
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-recreate from :5
-COMMIT
-
-from :5
-M 755 :2 copy-of-file2
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify marks import does not crash' \
-	'git fast-import --import-marks=marks.out <input &&
-	 git whatchanged verify--import-marks'
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 A	copy-of-file2
-EOF
-git diff-tree -M -r master verify--import-marks >actual
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify diff' \
-	'compare_diff_raw expect actual &&
-	 test `git rev-parse --verify master:file2` \
-	    = `git rev-parse --verify verify--import-marks:copy-of-file2`'
-
-test_tick
-mt=$(git hash-object --stdin < /dev/null)
-: >input.blob
-: >marks.exp
-: >tree.exp
-
-cat >input.commit <<EOF
-commit refs/heads/verify--dump-marks
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-test the sparse array dumping routines with exponentially growing marks
-COMMIT
-EOF
-
-i=0
-l=4
-m=6
-n=7
-while test "$i" -lt 27; do
-    cat >>input.blob <<EOF
-blob
-mark :$l
-data 0
-blob
-mark :$m
-data 0
-blob
-mark :$n
-data 0
-EOF
-    echo "M 100644 :$l l$i" >>input.commit
-    echo "M 100644 :$m m$i" >>input.commit
-    echo "M 100644 :$n n$i" >>input.commit
-
-    echo ":$l $mt" >>marks.exp
-    echo ":$m $mt" >>marks.exp
-    echo ":$n $mt" >>marks.exp
-
-    printf "100644 blob $mt\tl$i\n" >>tree.exp
-    printf "100644 blob $mt\tm$i\n" >>tree.exp
-    printf "100644 blob $mt\tn$i\n" >>tree.exp
-
-    l=$(($l + $l))
-    m=$(($m + $m))
-    n=$(($l + $n))
-
-    i=$((1 + $i))
-done
-
-sort tree.exp > tree.exp_s
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify marks import does not crash' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/verify--import-marks
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	recreate from :5
+	COMMIT
+
+	from :5
+	M 755 :2 copy-of-file2
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks.out <input &&
+	git whatchanged verify--import-marks
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify diff' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 A	copy-of-file2
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree -M -r master verify--import-marks >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual &&
+	test $(git rev-parse --verify master:file2) \
+	    = $(git rev-parse --verify verify--import-marks:copy-of-file2)
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'A: export marks with large values' '
+	test_tick &&
+	mt=$(git hash-object --stdin < /dev/null) &&
+	>input.blob &&
+	>marks.exp &&
+	>tree.exp &&
+
+	cat >input.commit <<-EOF &&
+	commit refs/heads/verify--dump-marks
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	test the sparse array dumping routines with exponentially growing marks
+	COMMIT
+	EOF
+
+	i=0 l=4 m=6 n=7 &&
+	while test "$i" -lt 27
+	do
+		cat >>input.blob <<-EOF &&
+		blob
+		mark :$l
+		data 0
+		blob
+		mark :$m
+		data 0
+		blob
+		mark :$n
+		data 0
+		EOF
+		echo "M 100644 :$l l$i" >>input.commit &&
+		echo "M 100644 :$m m$i" >>input.commit &&
+		echo "M 100644 :$n n$i" >>input.commit &&
+
+		echo ":$l $mt" >>marks.exp &&
+		echo ":$m $mt" >>marks.exp &&
+		echo ":$n $mt" >>marks.exp &&
+
+		printf "100644 blob $mt\tl$i\n" >>tree.exp &&
+		printf "100644 blob $mt\tm$i\n" >>tree.exp &&
+		printf "100644 blob $mt\tn$i\n" >>tree.exp &&
+
+		l=$(($l + $l)) &&
+		m=$(($m + $m)) &&
+		n=$(($l + $n)) &&
+
+		i=$((1 + $i)) || return 1
+	done &&
+
+	sort tree.exp > tree.exp_s &&
+
 	cat input.blob input.commit | git fast-import --export-marks=marks.large &&
 	git ls-tree refs/heads/verify--dump-marks >tree.out &&
 	test_cmp tree.exp_s tree.out &&
-	test_cmp marks.exp marks.large'
+	test_cmp marks.exp marks.large
+'
 
 ###
 ### series B
 ###
 
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/branch
-mark :1
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-corrupt
-COMMIT
+test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid blob sha1' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/branch
+	mark :1
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	corrupt
+	COMMIT
 
-from refs/heads/master
-M 755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001 zero1
+	from refs/heads/master
+	M 755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001 zero1
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*" &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'B: accept branch name "TEMP_TAG"' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit TEMP_TAG
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	tag base
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/master
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/TEMP_TAG
+		git gc
+		git prune" &&
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	test -f .git/TEMP_TAG &&
+	test $(git rev-parse master) = $(git rev-parse TEMP_TAG^)
+'
 
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid blob sha1' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
-'
-rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit .badbranchname
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-corrupt
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/master
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid branch name ".badbranchname"' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
-'
-rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit bad[branch]name
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-corrupt
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/master
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid branch name "bad[branch]name"' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
-'
-rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit TEMP_TAG
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-tag base
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/master
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'B: accept branch name "TEMP_TAG"' \
-    'git fast-import <input &&
-	 test -f .git/TEMP_TAG &&
-	 test `git rev-parse master` = `git rev-parse TEMP_TAG^`'
-rm -f .git/TEMP_TAG
-
-git gc 2>/dev/null >/dev/null
-git prune 2>/dev/null >/dev/null
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/empty-committer-1
-committer  <> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-empty commit
-COMMIT
-INPUT_END
 test_expect_success 'B: accept empty committer' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/empty-committer-1
+	committer  <> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	empty commit
+	COMMIT
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/empty-committer-1
+		git gc
+		git prune" &&
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	out=$(git fsck) &&
 	echo "$out" &&
 	test -z "$out"
 '
-git update-ref -d refs/heads/empty-committer-1 || true
-
-git gc 2>/dev/null >/dev/null
-git prune 2>/dev/null >/dev/null
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/empty-committer-2
-committer <a@b.com> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-empty commit
-COMMIT
-INPUT_END
 test_expect_success 'B: accept and fixup committer with no name' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/empty-committer-2
+	committer <a@b.com> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	empty commit
+	COMMIT
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/empty-committer-2
+		git gc
+		git prune" &&
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	out=$(git fsck) &&
 	echo "$out" &&
 	test -z "$out"
 '
-git update-ref -d refs/heads/empty-committer-2 || true
-
-git gc 2>/dev/null >/dev/null
-git prune 2>/dev/null >/dev/null
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
-committer Name email> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-empty commit
-COMMIT
-INPUT_END
 test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid committer (1)' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
+	committer Name email> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	empty commit
+	COMMIT
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer" &&
 	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
-git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer || true
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
-committer Name <e<mail> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-empty commit
-COMMIT
-INPUT_END
 test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid committer (2)' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
+	committer Name <e<mail> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	empty commit
+	COMMIT
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer" &&
 	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
-git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer || true
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
-committer Name <email>> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-empty commit
-COMMIT
-INPUT_END
 test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid committer (3)' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
+	committer Name <email>> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	empty commit
+	COMMIT
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer" &&
 	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
-git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer || true
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
-committer Name <email $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-empty commit
-COMMIT
-INPUT_END
 test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid committer (4)' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
+	committer Name <email $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	empty commit
+	COMMIT
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer" &&
 	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
-git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer || true
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
-committer Name<email> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-empty commit
-COMMIT
-INPUT_END
 test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid committer (5)' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/invalid-committer
+	committer Name<email> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	empty commit
+	COMMIT
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer" &&
 	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
-git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid-committer || true
 
 ###
 ### series C
 ###
 
-newf=`echo hi newf | git hash-object -w --stdin`
-oldf=`git rev-parse --verify master:file2`
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/branch
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-second
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/master
-M 644 $oldf file2/oldf
-M 755 $newf file2/newf
-D file3
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'C: incremental import create pack from stdin' \
-    'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git whatchanged branch'
-test_expect_success \
-	'C: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-test_expect_success \
-	'C: validate reuse existing blob' \
-	'test $newf = `git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/newf` &&
-	 test $oldf = `git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/oldf`'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-parent `git rev-parse --verify master^0`
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-second
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'C: verify commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit branch | sed 1d >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc A	file2/newf
-:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2	file2/oldf
-:100644 000000 0d92e9f3374ae2947c23aa477cbc68ce598135f1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3
-EOF
-git diff-tree -M -r master branch >actual
-test_expect_success \
-	'C: validate rename result' \
-	'compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+test_expect_success 'C: incremental import create pack from stdin' '
+	newf=$(echo hi newf | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	oldf=$(git rev-parse --verify master:file2) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/branch
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	second
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/master
+	M 644 $oldf file2/oldf
+	M 755 $newf file2/newf
+	D file3
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git whatchanged branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'C: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'C: validate reuse existing blob' '
+	test $newf = $(git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/newf) &&
+	test $oldf = $(git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/oldf)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'C: verify commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	parent $(git rev-parse --verify master^0)
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	second
+	EOF
+
+	git cat-file commit branch | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'C: validate rename result' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc A	file2/newf
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2	file2/oldf
+	:100644 000000 0d92e9f3374ae2947c23aa477cbc68ce598135f1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree -M -r master branch >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
 
 ###
 ### series D
 ###
 
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/branch
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-third
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-M 644 inline newdir/interesting
-data <<EOF
-$file5_data
-EOF
-
-M 755 inline newdir/exec.sh
-data <<EOF
-$file6_data
-EOF
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'D: inline data in commit' \
-    'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git whatchanged branch'
-test_expect_success \
-	'D: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35a59026a33beac1569b1c7f66f3090ce9c09afc A	newdir/exec.sh
-:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 046d0371e9220107917db0d0e030628de8a1de9b A	newdir/interesting
-EOF
-git diff-tree -M -r branch^ branch >actual
-test_expect_success \
-	'D: validate new files added' \
-	'compare_diff_raw expect actual'
-
-echo "$file5_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'D: verify file5' \
-	'git cat-file blob branch:newdir/interesting >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$file6_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'D: verify file6' \
-	'git cat-file blob branch:newdir/exec.sh >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
+test_expect_success 'D: inline data in commit' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/branch
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	third
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	M 644 inline newdir/interesting
+	data <<EOF
+	$file5_data
+	EOF
+
+	M 755 inline newdir/exec.sh
+	data <<EOF
+	$file6_data
+	EOF
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git whatchanged branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'D: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'D: validate new files added' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 A	newdir/exec.sh
+	:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 A	newdir/interesting
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree -M -r branch^ branch >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'D: verify file5' '
+	echo "$file5_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob branch:newdir/interesting >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'D: verify file6' '
+	echo "$file6_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob branch:newdir/exec.sh >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 ###
 ### series E
 ###
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/branch
-author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> Tue Feb 6 11:22:18 2007 -0500
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> Tue Feb 6 12:35:02 2007 -0500
-data <<COMMIT
-RFC 2822 type date
-COMMIT
+test_expect_success 'E: rfc2822 date, --date-format=raw' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/branch
+	author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> Tue Feb 6 11:22:18 2007 -0500
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> Tue Feb 6 12:35:02 2007 -0500
+	data <<COMMIT
+	RFC 2822 type date
+	COMMIT
 
-from refs/heads/branch^0
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
 
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success 'E: rfc2822 date, --date-format=raw' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import --date-format=raw <input
-'
-test_expect_success \
-    'E: rfc2822 date, --date-format=rfc2822' \
-    'git fast-import --date-format=rfc2822 <input'
-test_expect_success \
-	'E: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 1170778938 -0500
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1170783302 -0500
-
-RFC 2822 type date
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'E: verify commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit branch | sed 1,2d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --date-format=raw <input
+'
+test_expect_success 'E: rfc2822 date, --date-format=rfc2822' '
+	git fast-import --date-format=rfc2822 <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'E: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'E: verify commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 1170778938 -0500
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1170783302 -0500
+
+	RFC 2822 type date
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit branch | sed 1,2d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 ###
 ### series F
 ###
 
-old_branch=`git rev-parse --verify branch^0`
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/branch
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-losing things already?
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch~1
-
-reset refs/heads/other
-from refs/heads/branch
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'F: non-fast-forward update skips' \
-    'if git fast-import <input
-	 then
-		echo BAD gfi did not fail
-		return 1
-	 else
-		if test $old_branch = `git rev-parse --verify branch^0`
-		then
-			: branch unaffected and failure returned
-			return 0
-		else
-			echo BAD gfi changed branch $old_branch
-			return 1
-		fi
-	 fi
-	'
-test_expect_success \
-	'F: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-tree `git rev-parse branch~1^{tree}`
-parent `git rev-parse branch~1`
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-losing things already?
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'F: verify other commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit other >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
+test_expect_success 'F: non-fast-forward update skips' '
+	old_branch=$(git rev-parse --verify branch^0) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/branch
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	losing things already?
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch~1
+
+	reset refs/heads/other
+	from refs/heads/branch
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input &&
+	# branch must remain unaffected
+	test $old_branch = $(git rev-parse --verify branch^0)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'F: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'F: verify other commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	tree $(git rev-parse branch~1^{tree})
+	parent $(git rev-parse branch~1)
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	losing things already?
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit other >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 ###
 ### series G
 ###
 
-old_branch=`git rev-parse --verify branch^0`
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/branch
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-losing things already?
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch~1
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'G: non-fast-forward update forced' \
-    'git fast-import --force <input'
-test_expect_success \
-	'G: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-test_expect_success \
-	'G: branch changed, but logged' \
-	'test $old_branch != `git rev-parse --verify branch^0` &&
-	 test $old_branch = `git rev-parse --verify branch@{1}`'
+test_expect_success 'G: non-fast-forward update forced' '
+	old_branch=$(git rev-parse --verify branch^0) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/branch
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	losing things already?
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch~1
+
+	INPUT_END
+	git fast-import --force <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'G: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'G: branch changed, but logged' '
+	test $old_branch != $(git rev-parse --verify branch^0) &&
+	test $old_branch = $(git rev-parse --verify branch@{1})
+'
 
 ###
 ### series H
 ###
 
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/H
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-third
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-M 644 inline i-will-die
-data <<EOF
-this file will never exist.
-EOF
-
-deleteall
-M 644 inline h/e/l/lo
-data <<EOF
-$file5_data
-EOF
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'H: deletall, add 1' \
-    'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git whatchanged H'
-test_expect_success \
-	'H: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:100755 000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/newf
-:100644 000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/oldf
-:100755 000000 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file4
-:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	h/e/l/lo
-:100755 000000 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	newdir/exec.sh
-EOF
-git diff-tree -M -r H^ H >actual
-test_expect_success \
-	'H: validate old files removed, new files added' \
-	'compare_diff_raw expect actual'
-
-echo "$file5_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'H: verify file' \
-	'git cat-file blob H:h/e/l/lo >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
+test_expect_success 'H: deletall, add 1' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/H
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	third
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	M 644 inline i-will-die
+	data <<EOF
+	this file will never exist.
+	EOF
+
+	deleteall
+	M 644 inline h/e/l/lo
+	data <<EOF
+	$file5_data
+	EOF
+
+	INPUT_END
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git whatchanged H
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'H: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'H: validate old files removed, new files added' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/newf
+	:100644 000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/oldf
+	:100755 000000 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file4
+	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	h/e/l/lo
+	:100755 000000 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	newdir/exec.sh
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree -M -r H^ H >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'H: verify file' '
+	echo "$file5_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob H:h/e/l/lo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 ###
 ### series I
 ###
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/export-boundary
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-we have a border.  its only 40 characters wide.
-COMMIT
+test_expect_success 'I: export-pack-edges' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/export-boundary
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	we have a border.  its only 40 characters wide.
+	COMMIT
 
-from refs/heads/branch
+	from refs/heads/branch
 
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'I: export-pack-edges' \
-    'git fast-import --export-pack-edges=edges.list <input'
+	INPUT_END
+	git fast-import --export-pack-edges=edges.list <input
+'
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-.git/objects/pack/pack-.pack: `git rev-parse --verify export-boundary`
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'I: verify edge list' \
-	'sed -e s/pack-.*pack/pack-.pack/ edges.list >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
+test_expect_success 'I: verify edge list' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	.git/objects/pack/pack-.pack: $(git rev-parse --verify export-boundary)
+	EOF
+	sed -e s/pack-.*pack/pack-.pack/ edges.list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 ###
 ### series J
 ###
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/J
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-create J
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch
-
-reset refs/heads/J
-
-commit refs/heads/J
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-initialize J
-COMMIT
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'J: reset existing branch creates empty commit' \
-    'git fast-import <input'
-test_expect_success \
-	'J: branch has 1 commit, empty tree' \
-	'test 1 = `git rev-list J | wc -l` &&
-	 test 0 = `git ls-tree J | wc -l`'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-reset refs/heads/J2
-
-tag wrong_tag
-from refs/heads/J2
-data <<EOF
-Tag branch that was reset.
-EOF
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-	'J: tag must fail on empty branch' \
-	'test_must_fail git fast-import <input'
+test_expect_success 'J: reset existing branch creates empty commit' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/J
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	create J
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch
+
+	reset refs/heads/J
+
+	commit refs/heads/J
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	initialize J
+	COMMIT
+
+	INPUT_END
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+test_expect_success 'J: branch has 1 commit, empty tree' '
+	test 1 = $(git rev-list J | wc -l) &&
+	test 0 = $(git ls-tree J | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'J: tag must fail on empty branch' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	reset refs/heads/J2
+
+	tag wrong_tag
+	from refs/heads/J2
+	data <<EOF
+	Tag branch that was reset.
+	EOF
+	INPUT_END
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
 ###
 ### series K
 ###
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/K
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-create K
-COMMIT
+test_expect_success 'K: reinit branch with from' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/K
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	create K
+	COMMIT
 
-from refs/heads/branch
+	from refs/heads/branch
 
-commit refs/heads/K
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-redo K
-COMMIT
+	commit refs/heads/K
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	redo K
+	COMMIT
 
-from refs/heads/branch^1
+	from refs/heads/branch^1
 
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-    'K: reinit branch with from' \
-    'git fast-import <input'
-test_expect_success \
-    'K: verify K^1 = branch^1' \
-    'test `git rev-parse --verify branch^1` \
-		= `git rev-parse --verify K^1`'
+	INPUT_END
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+test_expect_success 'K: verify K^1 = branch^1' '
+	test $(git rev-parse --verify branch^1) \
+		= $(git rev-parse --verify K^1)
+'
 
 ###
 ### series L
 ###
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-blob
-mark :1
-data <<EOF
-some data
-EOF
-
-blob
-mark :2
-data <<EOF
-other data
-EOF
-
-commit refs/heads/L
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-create L
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 :1 b.
-M 644 :1 b/other
-M 644 :1 ba
-
-commit refs/heads/L
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-update L
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 :2 b.
-M 644 :2 b/other
-M 644 :2 ba
-INPUT_END
-
-cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
-:100644 100644 4268632... 55d3a52... M	b.
-:040000 040000 0ae5cac... 443c768... M	b
-:100644 100644 4268632... 55d3a52... M	ba
-EXPECT_END
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'L: verify internal tree sorting' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree --abbrev --raw L^ L >output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-blob
-mark :1
-data <<EOF
-the data
-EOF
-
-commit refs/heads/L2
-committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912473 -0700
-data <<COMMIT
-init L2
-COMMIT
-M 644 :1 a/b/c
-M 644 :1 a/b/d
-M 644 :1 a/e/f
-
-commit refs/heads/L2
-committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912473 -0700
-data <<COMMIT
-update L2
-COMMIT
-C a g
-C a/e g/b
-M 644 :1 g/b/h
-INPUT_END
-
-cat <<EOF >expect
-g/b/f
-g/b/h
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'L: nested tree copy does not corrupt deltas' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
+test_expect_success 'L: verify internal tree sorting' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	blob
+	mark :1
+	data <<EOF
+	some data
+	EOF
+
+	blob
+	mark :2
+	data <<EOF
+	other data
+	EOF
+
+	commit refs/heads/L
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	create L
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 :1 b.
+	M 644 :1 b/other
+	M 644 :1 ba
+
+	commit refs/heads/L
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	update L
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 :2 b.
+	M 644 :2 b/other
+	M 644 :2 ba
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-EXPECT_END &&
+	:100644 100644 4268632... 55d3a52... M	b.
+	:040000 040000 0ae5cac... 443c768... M	b
+	:100644 100644 4268632... 55d3a52... M	ba
+	EXPECT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree --abbrev --raw L^ L >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'L: nested tree copy does not corrupt deltas' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	blob
+	mark :1
+	data <<EOF
+	the data
+	EOF
+
+	commit refs/heads/L2
+	committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912473 -0700
+	data <<COMMIT
+	init L2
+	COMMIT
+	M 644 :1 a/b/c
+	M 644 :1 a/b/d
+	M 644 :1 a/e/f
+
+	commit refs/heads/L2
+	committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912473 -0700
+	data <<COMMIT
+	update L2
+	COMMIT
+	C a g
+	C a/e g/b
+	M 644 :1 g/b/h
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	g/b/f
+	g/b/h
+	EOF
+
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/L2" &&
+	git fast-import <input &&
 	git ls-tree L2 g/b/ >tmp &&
 	cat tmp | cut -f 2 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	git fsck `git rev-parse L2`'
-
-git update-ref -d refs/heads/L2
+	git fsck $(git rev-parse L2)
+'
 
 ###
 ### series M
 ###
 
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/M1
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-file rename
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-R file2/newf file2/n.e.w.f
-
-INPUT_END
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'M: rename file in same subdirectory' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree -M -r M1^ M1 >actual &&
-	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/M2
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-file rename
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-R file2/newf i/am/new/to/you
-
-INPUT_END
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	file2/newf	i/am/new/to/you
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'M: rename file to new subdirectory' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree -M -r M2^ M2 >actual &&
-	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/M3
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-file rename
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/M2^0
-R i other/sub
-
-INPUT_END
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	other/sub/am/new/to/you
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'M: rename subdirectory to new subdirectory' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree -M -r M3^ M3 >actual &&
-	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+test_expect_success 'M: rename file in same subdirectory' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/M1
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	file rename
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	R file2/newf file2/n.e.w.f
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
+	EOF
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -M -r M1^ M1 >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'M: rename file to new subdirectory' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/M2
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	file rename
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	R file2/newf i/am/new/to/you
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	file2/newf	i/am/new/to/you
+	EOF
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -M -r M2^ M2 >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'M: rename subdirectory to new subdirectory' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/M3
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	file rename
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/M2^0
+	R i other/sub
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	other/sub/am/new/to/you
+	EOF
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -M -r M3^ M3 >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'M: rename root to subdirectory' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/M4
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	rename root
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/M2^0
+	R "" sub
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2/oldf	sub/file2/oldf
+	:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 R100	file4	sub/file4
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	sub/i/am/new/to/you
+	:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 R100	newdir/exec.sh	sub/newdir/exec.sh
+	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	sub/newdir/interesting
+	EOF
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -M -r M4^ M4 >actual &&
+	cat actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
 
 ###
 ### series N
 ###
 
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/N1
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-file copy
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-C file2/newf file2/n.e.w.f
-
-INPUT_END
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: copy file in same subdirectory' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N1^ N1 >actual &&
-	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/N2
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-clean directory copy
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-C file2 file3
-
-commit refs/heads/N2
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-modify directory copy
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 inline file3/file5
-data <<EOF
-$file5_data
-EOF
-
-INPUT_END
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
-:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
-:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: copy then modify subdirectory' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N2^^ N2 >actual &&
-	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/N3
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-dirty directory copy
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-M 644 inline file2/file5
-data <<EOF
-$file5_data
-EOF
-
-C file2 file3
-D file2/file5
-
-INPUT_END
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: copy dirty subdirectory' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 test `git rev-parse N2^{tree}` = `git rev-parse N3^{tree}`'
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: copy directory by id' \
-	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+test_expect_success 'N: copy file in same subdirectory' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N1
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	file copy
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	C file2/newf file2/n.e.w.f
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
+	EOF
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N1^ N1 >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: copy then modify subdirectory' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N2
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	clean directory copy
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	C file2 file3
+
+	commit refs/heads/N2
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	modify directory copy
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 inline file3/file5
+	data <<EOF
+	$file5_data
+	EOF
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
 	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
 	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
 	EOF
-	 subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
-	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N2^^ N2 >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: copy dirty subdirectory' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N3
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	dirty directory copy
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	M 644 inline file2/file5
+	data <<EOF
+	$file5_data
+	EOF
+
+	C file2 file3
+	D file2/file5
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	test $(git rev-parse N2^{tree}) = $(git rev-parse N3^{tree})
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: copy directory by id' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
+	EOF
+	subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N4
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1121,12 +1130,13 @@ test_expect_success \
 	from refs/heads/branch^0
 	M 040000 $subdir file3
 	INPUT_END
-	 git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N4^ N4 >actual &&
-	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N4^ N4 >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
 
 test_expect_success PIPE 'N: read and copy directory' '
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
 	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
 	EOF
@@ -1196,14 +1206,13 @@ test_expect_success PIPE 'N: empty directory reads as missing' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: copy root directory by tree hash' \
-	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+test_expect_success 'N: copy root directory by tree hash' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	:100755 000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3/newf
 	:100644 000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3/oldf
 	EOF
-	 root=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0^{tree}) &&
-	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	root=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0^{tree}) &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N6
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1213,21 +1222,44 @@ test_expect_success \
 	from refs/heads/branch^0
 	M 040000 $root ""
 	INPUT_END
-	 git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N4 N6 >actual &&
-	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N4 N6 >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: copy root by path' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	oldroot/file2/newf
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	oldroot/file2/oldf
+	:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 C100	file4	oldroot/file4
+	:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 C100	newdir/exec.sh	oldroot/newdir/exec.sh
+	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	oldroot/newdir/interesting
+	EOF
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N-copy-root-path
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy root directory by (empty) path
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	C "" oldroot
+	INPUT_END
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r branch N-copy-root-path >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: delete directory by copying' \
-	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+test_expect_success 'N: delete directory by copying' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	OBJID
 	:100644 000000 OBJID OBJID D	foo/bar/qux
 	OBJID
 	:000000 100644 OBJID OBJID A	foo/bar/baz
 	:000000 100644 OBJID OBJID A	foo/bar/qux
 	EOF
-	 empty_tree=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
-	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	empty_tree=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N-delete
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1253,21 +1285,21 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 	M 040000 $empty_tree foo/bar/qux
 	INPUT_END
-	 git fast-import <input &&
-	 git rev-list N-delete |
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git rev-list N-delete |
 		git diff-tree -r --stdin --root --always |
 		sed -e "s/$_x40/OBJID/g" >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: modify copied tree' \
-	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+test_expect_success 'N: modify copied tree' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
 	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
 	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
 	EOF
-	 subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
-	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N5
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1288,14 +1320,14 @@ test_expect_success \
 	$file5_data
 	EOF
 	INPUT_END
-	 git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N5^^ N5 >actual &&
-	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: reject foo/ syntax' \
-	'subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
-	 test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N5^^ N5 >actual &&
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: reject foo/ syntax' '
+	subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
 	commit refs/heads/N5B
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1304,13 +1336,52 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 	from refs/heads/branch^0
 	M 040000 $subdir file3/
-	INPUT_END'
+	INPUT_END
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: reject foo/ syntax in copy source' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
+	commit refs/heads/N5C
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy with invalid syntax
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	C file2/ file3
+	INPUT_END
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: reject foo/ syntax in rename source' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
+	commit refs/heads/N5D
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	rename with invalid syntax
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	R file2/ file3
+	INPUT_END
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: reject foo/ syntax in ls argument' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
+	commit refs/heads/N5E
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy with invalid syntax
+	COMMIT
 
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: copy to root by id and modify' \
-	'echo "hello, world" >expect.foo &&
-	 echo hello >expect.bar &&
-	 git fast-import <<-SETUP_END &&
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	ls "file2/"
+	INPUT_END
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: copy to root by id and modify' '
+	echo "hello, world" >expect.foo &&
+	echo hello >expect.bar &&
+	git fast-import <<-SETUP_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N7
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1324,8 +1395,8 @@ test_expect_success \
 	EOF
 	SETUP_END
 
-	 tree=$(git rev-parse --verify N7:) &&
-	 git fast-import <<-INPUT_END &&
+	tree=$(git rev-parse --verify N7:) &&
+	git fast-import <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N8
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1338,15 +1409,15 @@ test_expect_success \
 	hello, world
 	EOF
 	INPUT_END
-	 git show N8:foo/foo >actual.foo &&
-	 git show N8:foo/bar >actual.bar &&
-	 test_cmp expect.foo actual.foo &&
-	 test_cmp expect.bar actual.bar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: extract subtree' \
-	'branch=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/branch^{tree}) &&
-	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	git show N8:foo/foo >actual.foo &&
+	git show N8:foo/bar >actual.bar &&
+	test_cmp expect.foo actual.foo &&
+	test_cmp expect.bar actual.bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: extract subtree' '
+	branch=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/branch^{tree}) &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N9
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1356,14 +1427,14 @@ test_expect_success \
 	M 040000 $branch ""
 	C "newdir" ""
 	INPUT_END
-	 git fast-import <input &&
-	 git diff --exit-code branch:newdir N9'
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'N: modify subtree, extract it, and modify again' \
-	'echo hello >expect.baz &&
-	 echo hello, world >expect.qux &&
-	 git fast-import <<-SETUP_END &&
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git diff --exit-code branch:newdir N9
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'N: modify subtree, extract it, and modify again' '
+	echo hello >expect.baz &&
+	echo hello, world >expect.qux &&
+	git fast-import <<-SETUP_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N10
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1377,8 +1448,8 @@ test_expect_success \
 	EOF
 	SETUP_END
 
-	 tree=$(git rev-parse --verify N10:) &&
-	 git fast-import <<-INPUT_END &&
+	tree=$(git rev-parse --verify N10:) &&
+	git fast-import <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N11
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
@@ -1393,675 +1464,692 @@ test_expect_success \
 	R "foo" ""
 	C "bar/qux" "bar/quux"
 	INPUT_END
-	 git show N11:bar/baz >actual.baz &&
-	 git show N11:bar/qux >actual.qux &&
-	 git show N11:bar/quux >actual.quux &&
-	 test_cmp expect.baz actual.baz &&
-	 test_cmp expect.qux actual.qux &&
-	 test_cmp expect.qux actual.quux'
+	git show N11:bar/baz >actual.baz &&
+	git show N11:bar/qux >actual.qux &&
+	git show N11:bar/quux >actual.quux &&
+	test_cmp expect.baz actual.baz &&
+	test_cmp expect.qux actual.qux &&
+	test_cmp expect.qux actual.quux'
 
 ###
 ### series O
 ###
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-#we will
-commit refs/heads/O1
-# -- ignore all of this text
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-# $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME has inserted here for his benefit.
-data <<COMMIT
-dirty directory copy
-COMMIT
-
-# don't forget the import blank line!
-#
-# yes, we started from our usual base of branch^0.
-# i like branch^0.
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-# and we need to reuse file2/file5 from N3 above.
-M 644 inline file2/file5
-# otherwise the tree will be different
-data <<EOF
-$file5_data
-EOF
-
-# don't forget to copy file2 to file3
-C file2 file3
-#
-# or to delete file5 from file2.
-D file2/file5
-# are we done yet?
-
-INPUT_END
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'O: comments are all skipped' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 test `git rev-parse N3` = `git rev-parse O1`'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/O2
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-dirty directory copy
-COMMIT
-from refs/heads/branch^0
-M 644 inline file2/file5
-data <<EOF
-$file5_data
-EOF
-C file2 file3
-D file2/file5
-
-INPUT_END
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'O: blank lines not necessary after data commands' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 test `git rev-parse N3` = `git rev-parse O2`'
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'O: repack before next test' \
-	'git repack -a -d'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/O3
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-zstring
-COMMIT
-commit refs/heads/O3
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-zof
-COMMIT
-checkpoint
-commit refs/heads/O3
-mark :5
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-zempty
-COMMIT
-checkpoint
-commit refs/heads/O3
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-zcommits
-COMMIT
-reset refs/tags/O3-2nd
-from :5
-reset refs/tags/O3-3rd
-from :5
-INPUT_END
-
-cat >expect <<INPUT_END
-string
-of
-empty
-commits
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-	'O: blank lines not necessary after other commands' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 test 8 = `find .git/objects/pack -type f | wc -l` &&
-	 test `git rev-parse refs/tags/O3-2nd` = `git rev-parse O3^` &&
-	 git log --reverse --pretty=oneline O3 | sed s/^.*z// >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/O4
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-zstring
-COMMIT
-commit refs/heads/O4
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-zof
-COMMIT
-progress Two commits down, 2 to go!
-commit refs/heads/O4
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-zempty
-COMMIT
-progress Three commits down, 1 to go!
-commit refs/heads/O4
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-zcommits
-COMMIT
-progress I'm done!
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success \
-	'O: progress outputs as requested by input' \
-	'git fast-import <input >actual &&
-	 grep "progress " <input >expect &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
+test_expect_success 'O: comments are all skipped' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	#we will
+	commit refs/heads/O1
+	# -- ignore all of this text
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	# $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME has inserted here for his benefit.
+	data <<COMMIT
+	dirty directory copy
+	COMMIT
+
+	# do not forget the import blank line!
+	#
+	# yes, we started from our usual base of branch^0.
+	# i like branch^0.
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	# and we need to reuse file2/file5 from N3 above.
+	M 644 inline file2/file5
+	# otherwise the tree will be different
+	data <<EOF
+	$file5_data
+	EOF
+
+	# do not forget to copy file2 to file3
+	C file2 file3
+	#
+	# or to delete file5 from file2.
+	D file2/file5
+	# are we done yet?
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	test $(git rev-parse N3) = $(git rev-parse O1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'O: blank lines not necessary after data commands' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/O2
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	dirty directory copy
+	COMMIT
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	M 644 inline file2/file5
+	data <<EOF
+	$file5_data
+	EOF
+	C file2 file3
+	D file2/file5
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	test $(git rev-parse N3) = $(git rev-parse O2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'O: repack before next test' '
+	git repack -a -d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'O: blank lines not necessary after other commands' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/O3
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	zstring
+	COMMIT
+	commit refs/heads/O3
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	zof
+	COMMIT
+	checkpoint
+	commit refs/heads/O3
+	mark :5
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	zempty
+	COMMIT
+	checkpoint
+	commit refs/heads/O3
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	zcommits
+	COMMIT
+	reset refs/tags/O3-2nd
+	from :5
+	reset refs/tags/O3-3rd
+	from :5
+	INPUT_END
+
+	cat >expect <<-INPUT_END &&
+	string
+	of
+	empty
+	commits
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	test 8 = $(find .git/objects/pack -type f | wc -l) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse refs/tags/O3-2nd) = $(git rev-parse O3^) &&
+	git log --reverse --pretty=oneline O3 | sed s/^.*z// >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'O: progress outputs as requested by input' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/O4
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	zstring
+	COMMIT
+	commit refs/heads/O4
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	zof
+	COMMIT
+	progress Two commits down, 2 to go!
+	commit refs/heads/O4
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	zempty
+	COMMIT
+	progress Three commits down, 1 to go!
+	commit refs/heads/O4
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	zcommits
+	COMMIT
+	progress done!
+	INPUT_END
+	git fast-import <input >actual &&
+	grep "progress " <input >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 ###
 ### series P (gitlinks)
 ###
 
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-blob
-mark :1
-data 10
-test file
-
-reset refs/heads/sub
-commit refs/heads/sub
-mark :2
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data 12
-sub_initial
-M 100644 :1 file
-
-blob
-mark :3
-data <<DATAEND
-[submodule "sub"]
-	path = sub
-	url = "`pwd`/sub"
-DATAEND
-
-commit refs/heads/subuse1
-mark :4
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data 8
-initial
-from refs/heads/master
-M 100644 :3 .gitmodules
-M 160000 :2 sub
-
-blob
-mark :5
-data 20
-test file
-more data
-
-commit refs/heads/sub
-mark :6
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data 11
-sub_second
-from :2
-M 100644 :5 file
-
-commit refs/heads/subuse1
-mark :7
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data 7
-second
-from :4
-M 160000 :6 sub
-
-INPUT_END
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'P: supermodule & submodule mix' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git checkout subuse1 &&
-	 rm -rf sub && mkdir sub && (cd sub &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git fetch --update-head-ok .. refs/heads/sub:refs/heads/master &&
-	 git checkout master) &&
-	 git submodule init &&
-	 git submodule update'
-
-SUBLAST=$(git rev-parse --verify sub)
-SUBPREV=$(git rev-parse --verify sub^)
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-blob
-mark :1
-data <<DATAEND
-[submodule "sub"]
-	path = sub
-	url = "`pwd`/sub"
-DATAEND
-
-commit refs/heads/subuse2
-mark :2
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data 8
-initial
-from refs/heads/master
-M 100644 :1 .gitmodules
-M 160000 $SUBPREV sub
-
-commit refs/heads/subuse2
-mark :3
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data 7
-second
-from :2
-M 160000 $SUBLAST sub
-
-INPUT_END
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'P: verbatim SHA gitlinks' \
-	'git branch -D sub &&
-	 git gc && git prune &&
-	 git fast-import <input &&
-	 test $(git rev-parse --verify subuse2) = $(git rev-parse --verify subuse1)'
-
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/subuse3
-mark :1
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-corrupt
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/subuse2
-M 160000 inline sub
-data <<DATA
-$SUBPREV
-DATA
-
-INPUT_END
+test_expect_success 'P: superproject & submodule mix' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	blob
+	mark :1
+	data 10
+	test file
 
-test_expect_success 'P: fail on inline gitlink' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import <input'
+	reset refs/heads/sub
+	commit refs/heads/sub
+	mark :2
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data 12
+	sub_initial
+	M 100644 :1 file
+
+	blob
+	mark :3
+	data <<DATAEND
+	[submodule "sub"]
+		path = sub
+		url = "$(pwd)/sub"
+	DATAEND
+
+	commit refs/heads/subuse1
+	mark :4
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data 8
+	initial
+	from refs/heads/master
+	M 100644 :3 .gitmodules
+	M 160000 :2 sub
+
+	blob
+	mark :5
+	data 20
+	test file
+	more data
+
+	commit refs/heads/sub
+	mark :6
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data 11
+	sub_second
+	from :2
+	M 100644 :5 file
+
+	commit refs/heads/subuse1
+	mark :7
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data 7
+	second
+	from :4
+	M 160000 :6 sub
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git checkout subuse1 &&
+	rm -rf sub &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git init &&
+		git fetch --update-head-ok .. refs/heads/sub:refs/heads/master &&
+		git checkout master
+	) &&
+	git submodule init &&
+	git submodule update
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'P: verbatim SHA gitlinks' '
+	SUBLAST=$(git rev-parse --verify sub) &&
+	SUBPREV=$(git rev-parse --verify sub^) &&
+
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	blob
+	mark :1
+	data <<DATAEND
+	[submodule "sub"]
+		path = sub
+		url = "$(pwd)/sub"
+	DATAEND
+
+	commit refs/heads/subuse2
+	mark :2
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data 8
+	initial
+	from refs/heads/master
+	M 100644 :1 .gitmodules
+	M 160000 $SUBPREV sub
+
+	commit refs/heads/subuse2
+	mark :3
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data 7
+	second
+	from :2
+	M 160000 $SUBLAST sub
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git branch -D sub &&
+	git gc &&
+	git prune &&
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	test $(git rev-parse --verify subuse2) = $(git rev-parse --verify subuse1)
+'
 
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-blob
-mark :1
-data <<DATA
-$SUBPREV
-DATA
+test_expect_success 'P: fail on inline gitlink' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/subuse3
+	mark :1
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	corrupt
+	COMMIT
 
-commit refs/heads/subuse3
-mark :2
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-corrupt
-COMMIT
+	from refs/heads/subuse2
+	M 160000 inline sub
+	data <<DATA
+	$SUBPREV
+	DATA
 
-from refs/heads/subuse2
-M 160000 :1 sub
+	INPUT_END
 
-INPUT_END
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'P: fail on blob mark in gitlink' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import <input'
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	blob
+	mark :1
+	data <<DATA
+	$SUBPREV
+	DATA
+
+	commit refs/heads/subuse3
+	mark :2
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	corrupt
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/subuse2
+	M 160000 :1 sub
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
 
 ###
 ### series Q (notes)
 ###
 
-note1_data="The first note for the first commit"
-note2_data="The first note for the second commit"
-note3_data="The first note for the third commit"
-note1b_data="The second note for the first commit"
-note1c_data="The third note for the first commit"
-note2b_data="The second note for the second commit"
-
-test_tick
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-blob
-mark :2
-data <<EOF
-$file2_data
-EOF
-
-commit refs/heads/notes-test
-mark :3
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-first (:3)
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 :2 file2
-
-blob
-mark :4
-data $file4_len
-$file4_data
-commit refs/heads/notes-test
-mark :5
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-second (:5)
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 :4 file4
-
-commit refs/heads/notes-test
-mark :6
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-third (:6)
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 inline file5
-data <<EOF
-$file5_data
-EOF
-
-M 755 inline file6
-data <<EOF
-$file6_data
-EOF
-
-blob
-mark :7
-data <<EOF
-$note1_data
-EOF
-
-blob
-mark :8
-data <<EOF
-$note2_data
-EOF
-
-commit refs/notes/foobar
-mark :9
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-notes (:9)
-COMMIT
-
-N :7 :3
-N :8 :5
-N inline :6
-data <<EOF
-$note3_data
-EOF
-
-commit refs/notes/foobar
-mark :10
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-notes (:10)
-COMMIT
-
-N inline :3
-data <<EOF
-$note1b_data
-EOF
-
-commit refs/notes/foobar2
-mark :11
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-notes (:11)
-COMMIT
-
-N inline :3
-data <<EOF
-$note1c_data
-EOF
-
-commit refs/notes/foobar
-mark :12
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-notes (:12)
-COMMIT
-
-deleteall
-N inline :5
-data <<EOF
-$note2b_data
-EOF
-
-INPUT_END
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: commit notes' \
-	'git fast-import <input &&
-	 git whatchanged notes-test'
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
-
-commit1=$(git rev-parse notes-test~2)
-commit2=$(git rev-parse notes-test^)
-commit3=$(git rev-parse notes-test)
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-first (:3)
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify first commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit notes-test~2 | sed 1d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-parent $commit1
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-second (:5)
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify second commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit notes-test^ | sed 1d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-parent $commit2
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-third (:6)
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify third commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit notes-test | sed 1d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-notes (:9)
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify first notes commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar~2 | sed 1d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect.unsorted <<EOF
-100644 blob $commit1
-100644 blob $commit2
-100644 blob $commit3
-EOF
-cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify first notes tree' \
-	'git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar~2^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$note1_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify first note for first commit' \
-	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit1 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$note2_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify first note for second commit' \
-	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit2 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$note3_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify first note for third commit' \
-	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit3 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-parent `git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/foobar~2`
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-notes (:10)
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify second notes commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar^ | sed 1d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect.unsorted <<EOF
-100644 blob $commit1
-100644 blob $commit2
-100644 blob $commit3
-EOF
-cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify second notes tree' \
-	'git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar^^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$note1b_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify second note for first commit' \
-	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit1 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$note2_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify first note for second commit' \
-	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit2 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$note3_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify first note for third commit' \
-	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit3 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-notes (:11)
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify third notes commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar2 | sed 1d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect.unsorted <<EOF
-100644 blob $commit1
-EOF
-cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify third notes tree' \
-	'git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar2^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$note1c_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify third note for first commit' \
-	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar2:$commit1 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect <<EOF
-parent `git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/foobar^`
-author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-notes (:12)
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify fourth notes commit' \
-	'git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar | sed 1d >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >expect.unsorted <<EOF
-100644 blob $commit2
-EOF
-cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify fourth notes tree' \
-	'git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual'
-
-echo "$note2b_data" >expect
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify second note for second commit' \
-	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar:$commit2 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
-
-cat >input <<EOF
-reset refs/heads/Q0
-
-commit refs/heads/note-Q0
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-Note for an empty branch.
-COMMIT
-
-N inline refs/heads/Q0
-data <<NOTE
-some note
-NOTE
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: deny note on empty branch' \
-	'test_must_fail git fast-import <input'
+test_expect_success 'Q: commit notes' '
+	note1_data="The first note for the first commit" &&
+	note2_data="The first note for the second commit" &&
+	note3_data="The first note for the third commit" &&
+	note1b_data="The second note for the first commit" &&
+	note1c_data="The third note for the first commit" &&
+	note2b_data="The second note for the second commit" &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	blob
+	mark :2
+	data <<EOF
+	$file2_data
+	EOF
+
+	commit refs/heads/notes-test
+	mark :3
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	first (:3)
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 :2 file2
+
+	blob
+	mark :4
+	data $file4_len
+	$file4_data
+	commit refs/heads/notes-test
+	mark :5
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	second (:5)
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 :4 file4
+
+	commit refs/heads/notes-test
+	mark :6
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	third (:6)
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 inline file5
+	data <<EOF
+	$file5_data
+	EOF
+
+	M 755 inline file6
+	data <<EOF
+	$file6_data
+	EOF
+
+	blob
+	mark :7
+	data <<EOF
+	$note1_data
+	EOF
+
+	blob
+	mark :8
+	data <<EOF
+	$note2_data
+	EOF
+
+	commit refs/notes/foobar
+	mark :9
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	notes (:9)
+	COMMIT
+
+	N :7 :3
+	N :8 :5
+	N inline :6
+	data <<EOF
+	$note3_data
+	EOF
+
+	commit refs/notes/foobar
+	mark :10
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	notes (:10)
+	COMMIT
+
+	N inline :3
+	data <<EOF
+	$note1b_data
+	EOF
+
+	commit refs/notes/foobar2
+	mark :11
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	notes (:11)
+	COMMIT
+
+	N inline :3
+	data <<EOF
+	$note1c_data
+	EOF
+
+	commit refs/notes/foobar
+	mark :12
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	notes (:12)
+	COMMIT
+
+	deleteall
+	N inline :5
+	data <<EOF
+	$note2b_data
+	EOF
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git whatchanged notes-test
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify first commit' '
+	commit1=$(git rev-parse notes-test~2) &&
+	commit2=$(git rev-parse notes-test^) &&
+	commit3=$(git rev-parse notes-test) &&
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	first (:3)
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit notes-test~2 | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify second commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	parent $commit1
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	second (:5)
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit notes-test^ | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify third commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	parent $commit2
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	third (:6)
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit notes-test | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify first notes commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	notes (:9)
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar~2 | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify first notes tree' '
+	cat >expect.unsorted <<-EOF &&
+	100644 blob $commit1
+	100644 blob $commit2
+	100644 blob $commit3
+	EOF
+	cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar~2^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify first note for first commit' '
+	echo "$note1_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify first note for second commit' '
+	echo "$note2_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify first note for third commit' '
+	echo "$note3_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify second notes commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	parent $(git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/foobar~2)
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	notes (:10)
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar^ | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify second notes tree' '
+	cat >expect.unsorted <<-EOF &&
+	100644 blob $commit1
+	100644 blob $commit2
+	100644 blob $commit3
+	EOF
+	cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar^^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify second note for first commit' '
+	echo "$note1b_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify first note for second commit' '
+	echo "$note2_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify first note for third commit' '
+	echo "$note3_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify third notes commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	notes (:11)
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar2 | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify third notes tree' '
+	cat >expect.unsorted <<-EOF &&
+	100644 blob $commit1
+	EOF
+	cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar2^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify third note for first commit' '
+	echo "$note1c_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar2:$commit1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify fourth notes commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	parent $(git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/foobar^)
+	author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+	notes (:12)
+	EOF
+	git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify fourth notes tree' '
+	cat >expect.unsorted <<-EOF &&
+	100644 blob $commit2
+	EOF
+	cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify second note for second commit' '
+	echo "$note2b_data" >expect &&
+	git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar:$commit2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: deny note on empty branch' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	reset refs/heads/Q0
+
+	commit refs/heads/note-Q0
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	Note for an empty branch.
+	COMMIT
+
+	N inline refs/heads/Q0
+	data <<NOTE
+	some note
+	NOTE
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
 ###
 ### series R (feature and option)
 ###
 
-cat >input <<EOF
-feature no-such-feature-exists
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'R: abort on unsupported feature' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature no-such-feature-exists
+	EOF
+
 	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
 
-cat >input <<EOF
-feature date-format=now
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'R: supported feature is accepted' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature date-format=now
+	EOF
+
 	git fast-import <input
 '
 
-cat >input << EOF
-blob
-data 3
-hi
-feature date-format=now
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'R: abort on receiving feature after data command' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	blob
+	data 3
+	hi
+	feature date-format=now
+	EOF
+
 	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
 
-cat >input << EOF
-feature import-marks=git.marks
-feature import-marks=git2.marks
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'R: only one import-marks feature allowed per stream' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature import-marks=git.marks
+	feature import-marks=git2.marks
+	EOF
+
 	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
 
-cat >input << EOF
-feature export-marks=git.marks
-blob
-mark :1
-data 3
-hi
+test_expect_success 'R: export-marks feature results in a marks file being created' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature export-marks=git.marks
+	blob
+	mark :1
+	data 3
+	hi
 
-EOF
+	EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'R: export-marks feature results in a marks file being created' \
-    'cat input | git fast-import &&
-    grep :1 git.marks'
+	cat input | git fast-import &&
+	grep :1 git.marks
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'R: export-marks options can be overriden by commandline options' \
-    'cat input | git fast-import --export-marks=other.marks &&
-    grep :1 other.marks'
+test_expect_success 'R: export-marks options can be overridden by commandline options' '
+	cat input | git fast-import --export-marks=other.marks &&
+	grep :1 other.marks
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'R: catch typo in marks file name' '
 	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=nonexistent.marks </dev/null &&
@@ -2159,68 +2247,68 @@ test_expect_success 'R: feature import-marks-if-exists' '
 	>expect &&
 
 	git fast-import --import-marks-if-exists=not_io.marks \
-			--export-marks=io.marks <<-\EOF
+			--export-marks=io.marks <<-\EOF &&
 	feature import-marks-if-exists=io.marks
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expect io.marks
 '
 
-cat >input << EOF
-feature import-marks=marks.out
-feature export-marks=marks.new
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'R: import to output marks works without any content' \
-    'cat input | git fast-import &&
-    test_cmp marks.out marks.new'
+test_expect_success 'R: import to output marks works without any content' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature import-marks=marks.out
+	feature export-marks=marks.new
+	EOF
 
-cat >input <<EOF
-feature import-marks=nonexistent.marks
-feature export-marks=marks.new
-EOF
+	cat input | git fast-import &&
+	test_cmp marks.out marks.new
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'R: import marks prefers commandline marks file over the stream' \
-    'cat input | git fast-import --import-marks=marks.out &&
-    test_cmp marks.out marks.new'
+test_expect_success 'R: import marks prefers commandline marks file over the stream' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature import-marks=nonexistent.marks
+	feature export-marks=marks.new
+	EOF
 
+	cat input | git fast-import --import-marks=marks.out &&
+	test_cmp marks.out marks.new
+'
 
-cat >input <<EOF
-feature import-marks=nonexistent.marks
-feature export-marks=combined.marks
-EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'R: multiple --import-marks= should be honoured' '
-    head -n2 marks.out > one.marks &&
-    tail -n +3 marks.out > two.marks &&
-    git fast-import --import-marks=one.marks --import-marks=two.marks <input &&
-    test_cmp marks.out combined.marks
-'
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature import-marks=nonexistent.marks
+	feature export-marks=combined.marks
+	EOF
 
-cat >input <<EOF
-feature relative-marks
-feature import-marks=relative.in
-feature export-marks=relative.out
-EOF
+	head -n2 marks.out > one.marks &&
+	tail -n +3 marks.out > two.marks &&
+	git fast-import --import-marks=one.marks --import-marks=two.marks <input &&
+	test_cmp marks.out combined.marks
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'R: feature relative-marks should be honoured' '
-    mkdir -p .git/info/fast-import/ &&
-    cp marks.new .git/info/fast-import/relative.in &&
-    git fast-import <input &&
-    test_cmp marks.new .git/info/fast-import/relative.out
-'
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature relative-marks
+	feature import-marks=relative.in
+	feature export-marks=relative.out
+	EOF
 
-cat >input <<EOF
-feature relative-marks
-feature import-marks=relative.in
-feature no-relative-marks
-feature export-marks=non-relative.out
-EOF
+	mkdir -p .git/info/fast-import/ &&
+	cp marks.new .git/info/fast-import/relative.in &&
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	test_cmp marks.new .git/info/fast-import/relative.out
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'R: feature no-relative-marks should be honoured' '
-    git fast-import <input &&
-    test_cmp marks.new non-relative.out
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	feature relative-marks
+	feature import-marks=relative.in
+	feature no-relative-marks
+	feature export-marks=non-relative.out
+	EOF
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	test_cmp marks.new non-relative.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'R: feature ls supported' '
@@ -2237,7 +2325,7 @@ test_expect_success 'R: cat-blob-fd must be a nonnegative integer' '
 	test_must_fail git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=-1 </dev/null
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print old blob' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: print old blob' '
 	blob=$(echo "yes it can" | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	${blob} blob 11
@@ -2249,7 +2337,7 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print old blob' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: in-stream cat-blob-fd not respected' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: in-stream cat-blob-fd not respected' '
 	echo hello >greeting &&
 	blob=$(git hash-object -w greeting) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
@@ -2261,16 +2349,29 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: in-stream cat-blob-fd not respected' '
 	cat-blob $blob
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expect actual.3 &&
-	test_cmp empty actual.1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.1 &&
 	git fast-import 3>actual.3 >actual.1 <<-EOF &&
 	option cat-blob-fd=3
 	cat-blob $blob
 	EOF
-	test_cmp empty actual.3 &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual.3 &&
 	test_cmp expect actual.1
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print new blob' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: print mark for new blob' '
+	echo "effluentish" | git hash-object --stdin >expect &&
+	git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=6 6>actual <<-\EOF &&
+	blob
+	mark :1
+	data <<BLOB_END
+	effluentish
+	BLOB_END
+	get-mark :1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: print new blob' '
 	blob=$(echo "yep yep yep" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	${blob} blob 12
@@ -2288,7 +2389,7 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print new blob' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print new blob by sha1' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: print new blob by sha1' '
 	blob=$(echo "a new blob named by sha1" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	${blob} blob 25
@@ -2467,17 +2568,17 @@ test_expect_success PIPE 'R: print staged blob within commit' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >input << EOF
-option git quiet
-blob
-data 3
-hi
+test_expect_success 'R: quiet option results in no stats being output' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	option git quiet
+	blob
+	data 3
+	hi
 
-EOF
+	EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'R: quiet option results in no stats being output' '
-    cat input | git fast-import 2> output &&
-    test_cmp empty output
+	cat input | git fast-import 2> output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'R: feature done means terminating "done" is mandatory' '
@@ -2522,16 +2623,16 @@ test_expect_success 'R: terminating "done" within commit' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >input <<EOF
-option git non-existing-option
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'R: die on unknown option' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	option git non-existing-option
+	EOF
+
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'R: unknown commandline options are rejected' '\
-    test_must_fail git fast-import --non-existing-option < /dev/null
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --non-existing-option < /dev/null
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'R: die on invalid option argument' '
@@ -2542,58 +2643,498 @@ test_expect_success 'R: die on invalid option argument' '
 	test_must_fail git fast-import --depth="5 elephants" </dev/null
 '
 
-cat >input <<EOF
-option non-existing-vcs non-existing-option
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'R: ignore non-git options' '
-    git fast-import <input
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	option non-existing-vcs non-existing-option
+	EOF
+
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: corrupt lines do not mess marks file' '
+	rm -f io.marks &&
+	blob=$(echo hi | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:3 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	:1 $blob
+	:2 $blob
+	EOF
+	cp expect io.marks &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=io.marks --export-marks=io.marks <<-\EOF &&
+
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect io.marks
 '
 
 ##
 ## R: very large blobs
 ##
-blobsize=$((2*1024*1024 + 53))
-test-genrandom bar $blobsize >expect
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit refs/heads/big-file
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-R - big file
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 inline big1
-data $blobsize
-INPUT_END
-cat expect >>input
-cat >>input <<INPUT_END
-M 644 inline big2
-data $blobsize
-INPUT_END
-cat expect >>input
-echo >>input
-
-test_expect_success \
-	'R: blob bigger than threshold' \
-	'test_create_repo R &&
-	 git --git-dir=R/.git fast-import --big-file-threshold=1 <input'
-test_expect_success \
-	'R: verify created pack' \
-	': >verify &&
-	 for p in R/.git/objects/pack/*.pack;
-	 do
-	   git verify-pack -v $p >>verify || exit;
-	 done'
-test_expect_success \
-	'R: verify written objects' \
-	'git --git-dir=R/.git cat-file blob big-file:big1 >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual &&
-	 a=$(git --git-dir=R/.git rev-parse big-file:big1) &&
-	 b=$(git --git-dir=R/.git rev-parse big-file:big2) &&
-	 test $a = $b'
-test_expect_success \
-	'R: blob appears only once' \
-	'n=$(grep $a verify | wc -l) &&
-	 test 1 = $n'
+test_expect_success 'R: blob bigger than threshold' '
+	blobsize=$((2*1024*1024 + 53)) &&
+	test-genrandom bar $blobsize >expect &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/big-file
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	R - big file
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 inline big1
+	data $blobsize
+	INPUT_END
+	cat expect >>input &&
+	cat >>input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	M 644 inline big2
+	data $blobsize
+	INPUT_END
+	cat expect >>input &&
+	echo >>input &&
+
+	test_create_repo R &&
+	git --git-dir=R/.git config fastimport.unpackLimit 0 &&
+	git --git-dir=R/.git fast-import --big-file-threshold=1 <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: verify created pack' '
+	(
+		cd R &&
+		verify_packs -v > ../verify
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: verify written objects' '
+	git --git-dir=R/.git cat-file blob big-file:big1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp_bin expect actual &&
+	a=$(git --git-dir=R/.git rev-parse big-file:big1) &&
+	b=$(git --git-dir=R/.git rev-parse big-file:big2) &&
+	test $a = $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: blob appears only once' '
+	n=$(grep $a verify | wc -l) &&
+	test 1 = $n
+'
+
+###
+### series S
+###
+#
+# Make sure missing spaces and EOLs after mark references
+# cause errors.
+#
+# Setup:
+#
+#   1--2--4
+#    \   /
+#     -3-
+#
+#   commit marks:  301, 302, 303, 304
+#   blob marks:              403, 404, resp.
+#   note mark:          202
+#
+# The error message when a space is missing not at the
+# end of the line is:
+#
+#   Missing space after ..
+#
+# or when extra characters come after the mark at the end
+# of the line:
+#
+#   Garbage after ..
+#
+# or when the dataref is neither "inline " or a known SHA1,
+#
+#   Invalid dataref ..
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: initialize for S tests' '
+	test_tick &&
+
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	mark :301
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit 1
+	COMMIT
+	M 100644 inline hello.c
+	data <<BLOB
+	blob 1
+	BLOB
+
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	mark :302
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit 2
+	COMMIT
+	from :301
+	M 100644 inline hello.c
+	data <<BLOB
+	blob 2
+	BLOB
+
+	blob
+	mark :403
+	data <<BLOB
+	blob 3
+	BLOB
+
+	blob
+	mark :202
+	data <<BLOB
+	note 2
+	BLOB
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import --export-marks=marks <input
+'
+
+#
+# filemodify, three datarefs
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: filemodify with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit N
+	COMMIT
+	M 100644 :403x hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after mark" err
+'
+
+# inline is misspelled; fast-import thinks it is some unknown dataref
+test_expect_success 'S: filemodify with garbage after inline must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit N
+	COMMIT
+	M 100644 inlineX hello.c
+	data <<BLOB
+	inline
+	BLOB
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "nvalid dataref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'S: filemodify with garbage after sha1 must fail' '
+	sha1=$(grep :403 marks | cut -d\  -f2) &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit N
+	COMMIT
+	M 100644 ${sha1}x hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after SHA1" err
+'
+
+#
+# notemodify, three ways to say dataref
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garabge after mark dataref must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit S note dataref markref
+	COMMIT
+	N :202x :302
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after mark" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbage after inline dataref must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit S note dataref inline
+	COMMIT
+	N inlineX :302
+	data <<BLOB
+	note blob
+	BLOB
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "nvalid dataref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbage after sha1 dataref must fail' '
+	sha1=$(grep :202 marks | cut -d\  -f2) &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit S note dataref sha1
+	COMMIT
+	N ${sha1}x :302
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after SHA1" err
+'
+
+#
+# notemodify, mark in commit-ish
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbage after mark commit-ish must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/Snotes
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit S note commit-ish
+	COMMIT
+	N :202 :302x
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+#
+# from
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: from with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail \
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks --export-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S2
+	mark :303
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit 3
+	COMMIT
+	from :301x
+	M 100644 :403 hello.c
+	EOF
+
+
+	# go create the commit, need it for merge test
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks --export-marks=marks <<-EOF &&
+	commit refs/heads/S2
+	mark :303
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit 3
+	COMMIT
+	from :301
+	M 100644 :403 hello.c
+	EOF
+
+	# now evaluate the error
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+
+#
+# merge
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: merge with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	mark :304
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	merge 4
+	COMMIT
+	from :302
+	merge :303x
+	M 100644 :403 hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+#
+# tag, from markref
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: tag with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	tag refs/tags/Stag
+	from :302x
+	tagger $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<TAG
+	tag S
+	TAG
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+#
+# cat-blob markref
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: cat-blob with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	cat-blob :403x
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+#
+# ls markref
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: ls with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	ls :302x hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after mark" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'S: ls with garbage after sha1 must fail' '
+	sha1=$(grep :302 marks | cut -d\  -f2) &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	ls ${sha1}x hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after tree-ish" err
+'
+
+###
+### series T (ls)
+###
+# Setup is carried over from series S.
+
+test_expect_success 'T: ls root tree' '
+	sed -e "s/Z\$//" >expect <<-EOF &&
+	040000 tree $(git rev-parse S^{tree})	Z
+	EOF
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify S) &&
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF >actual &&
+	ls $sha1 ""
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'T: delete branch' '
+	git branch to-delete &&
+	git fast-import <<-EOF &&
+	reset refs/heads/to-delete
+	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/to-delete
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'T: empty reset doesnt delete branch' '
+	git branch not-to-delete &&
+	git fast-import <<-EOF &&
+	reset refs/heads/not-to-delete
+	EOF
+	git show-ref &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/not-to-delete
+'
+
+###
+### series U (filedelete)
+###
+
+test_expect_success 'U: initialize for U tests' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/U
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	test setup
+	COMMIT
+	M 100644 inline hello.c
+	data <<BLOB
+	blob 1
+	BLOB
+	M 100644 inline good/night.txt
+	data <<BLOB
+	sleep well
+	BLOB
+	M 100644 inline good/bye.txt
+	data <<BLOB
+	au revoir
+	BLOB
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'U: filedelete file succeeds' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/U
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	delete good/night.txt
+	COMMIT
+	from refs/heads/U^0
+	D good/night.txt
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'U: validate file delete result' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100644 000000 2907ebb4bf85d91bf0716bb3bd8a68ef48d6da76 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	good/night.txt
+	EOF
+
+	git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual &&
+
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'U: filedelete directory succeeds' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/U
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	delete good dir
+	COMMIT
+	from refs/heads/U^0
+	D good
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'U: validate directory delete result' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100644 000000 69cb75792f55123d8389c156b0b41c2ff00ed507 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	good/bye.txt
+	EOF
+
+	git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual &&
+
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'U: filedelete root succeeds' '
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/U
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	must succeed
+	COMMIT
+	from refs/heads/U^0
+	D ""
+
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'U: validate root delete result' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100644 000000 c18147dc648481eeb65dc5e66628429a64843327 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	hello.c
+	EOF
+
+	git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual &&
+
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9302-fast-import-unpack-limit.sh b/t/t9302-fast-import-unpack-limit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a04de14677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9302-fast-import-unpack-limit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+test_description='test git fast-import unpack limit'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create loose objects on import' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/master
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	initial
+	COMMIT
+
+	done
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git -c fastimport.unpackLimit=2 fast-import --done <input &&
+	git fsck --no-progress &&
+	test $(find .git/objects/?? -type f | wc -l) -eq 2 &&
+	test $(find .git/objects/pack -type f | wc -l) -eq 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bigger packs are preserved' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/master
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	incremental should create a pack
+	COMMIT
+	from refs/heads/master^0
+
+	commit refs/heads/branch
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	branch
+	COMMIT
+
+	done
+	INPUT_END
+
+	git -c fastimport.unpackLimit=2 fast-import --done <input &&
+	git fsck --no-progress &&
+	test $(find .git/objects/?? -type f | wc -l) -eq 2 &&
+	test $(find .git/objects/pack -type f | wc -l) -eq 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookups after checkpoint works' '
+	hello_id=$(echo hello | git hash-object --stdin -t blob) &&
+	id="$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE" &&
+	before=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/master^0) &&
+	(
+		cat <<-INPUT_END &&
+		blob
+		mark :1
+		data 6
+		hello
+
+		commit refs/heads/master
+		mark :2
+		committer $id
+		data <<COMMIT
+		checkpoint after this
+		COMMIT
+		from refs/heads/master^0
+		M 100644 :1 hello
+
+		# pre-checkpoint
+		cat-blob :1
+		cat-blob $hello_id
+		checkpoint
+		# post-checkpoint
+		cat-blob :1
+		cat-blob $hello_id
+		INPUT_END
+
+		n=0 &&
+		from=$before &&
+		while test x"$from" = x"$before"
+		do
+			if test $n -gt 30
+			then
+				echo >&2 "checkpoint did not update branch"
+				exit 1
+			else
+				n=$(($n + 1))
+			fi &&
+			sleep 1 &&
+			from=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/master^0)
+		done &&
+		cat <<-INPUT_END &&
+		commit refs/heads/master
+		committer $id
+		data <<COMMIT
+		make sure from "unpacked sha1 reference" works, too
+		COMMIT
+		from $from
+		INPUT_END
+		echo done
+	) | git -c fastimport.unpackLimit=100 fast-import --done &&
+	test $(find .git/objects/?? -type f | wc -l) -eq 6 &&
+	test $(find .git/objects/pack -type f | wc -l) -eq 2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
index 950d0ff498..b5149fde6e 100755
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import/export-marks' '
 	git checkout -b marks master &&
 	git fast-export --export-marks=tmp-marks HEAD &&
 	test -s tmp-marks &&
-	test $(wc -l < tmp-marks) -eq 3 &&
+	test_line_count = 3 tmp-marks &&
 	test $(
 		git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks\
 		--export-marks=tmp-marks HEAD |
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import/export-marks' '
 		grep ^commit\  |
 		wc -l) \
 	-eq 1 &&
-	test $(wc -l < tmp-marks) -eq 4
+	test_line_count = 4 tmp-marks
 
 '
 
@@ -146,6 +146,12 @@ test_expect_success 'signed-tags=strip' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'signed-tags=warn-strip' '
+	git fast-export --signed-tags=warn-strip sign-your-name >output 2>err &&
+	! grep PGP output &&
+	test -s err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
@@ -157,7 +163,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
 		git add file &&
 		git commit -m sub_initial
 	) &&
-	git submodule add "`pwd`/sub" sub &&
+	git submodule add "$(pwd)/sub" sub &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	test_tick &&
 	(
@@ -303,7 +309,7 @@ test_expect_success 'dropping tag of filtered out object' '
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=drop mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -320,7 +326,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rewriting tag of filtered out object' '
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=rewrite mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -351,7 +357,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'no exact-ref revisions included' '
 	(
 		cd limit-by-paths &&
 		git fast-export master~2..master~1 > output &&
-		test_cmp output expected
+		test_cmp expected output
 	)
 '
 
@@ -371,7 +377,7 @@ test_expect_success 'full-tree re-shows unmodified files'        '
 
 test_expect_success 'set-up a few more tags for tag export tests' '
 	git checkout -f master &&
-	HEAD_TREE=`git show -s --pretty=raw HEAD | grep tree | sed "s/tree //"` &&
+	HEAD_TREE=$(git show -s --pretty=raw HEAD | grep tree | sed "s/tree //") &&
 	git tag    tree_tag        -m "tagging a tree" $HEAD_TREE &&
 	git tag -a tree_tag-obj    -m "tagging a tree" $HEAD_TREE &&
 	git tag    tag-obj_tag     -m "tagging a tag" tree_tag-obj &&
@@ -390,7 +396,7 @@ test_expect_success 'tree_tag-obj'    'git fast-export tree_tag-obj'
 test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag'     'git fast-export tag-obj_tag'
 test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag-obj' 'git fast-export tag-obj_tag-obj'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink'        '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink'        '
 	git init dirtosymlink &&
 	git init result &&
 	(
@@ -402,8 +408,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink'        '
 		git add foo/world bar/world &&
 		git commit -q -mone &&
 		git rm -r foo &&
-		ln -s bar foo &&
-		git add foo &&
+		test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 		git commit -q -mtwo
 	) &&
 	(
@@ -417,7 +422,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink'        '
 test_expect_success 'fast-export quotes pathnames' '
 	git init crazy-paths &&
 	(cd crazy-paths &&
-	 blob=`echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin` &&
+	 blob=$(echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
 	 git update-index --add \
 		--cacheinfo 100644 $blob "$(printf "path with\\nnewline")" \
 		--cacheinfo 100644 $blob "path with \"quote\"" \
@@ -430,7 +435,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fast-export quotes pathnames' '
 	 git commit -m rename &&
 	 git read-tree --empty &&
 	 git commit -m deletion &&
-	 git fast-export HEAD >export.out &&
+	 git fast-export -M HEAD >export.out &&
 	 git rev-list HEAD >expect &&
 	 git init result &&
 	 cd result &&
@@ -440,4 +445,81 @@ test_expect_success 'fast-export quotes pathnames' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test bidirectionality' '
+	>marks-cur &&
+	>marks-new &&
+	git init marks-test &&
+	git fast-export --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur --branches | \
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-import --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new &&
+	(cd marks-test &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo Wohlauf > file &&
+	git commit -a -m "back in time") &&
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-export --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new --branches | \
+	git fast-import --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+blob
+mark :13
+data 5
+bump
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :14
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+data 5
+bump
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 file
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid uninteresting refs' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git tag v1.0 &&
+	git branch uninteresting &&
+	echo bump > file &&
+	git commit -a -m bump &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks ^uninteresting ^v1.0 master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+reset refs/heads/master
+from :14
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are updated even if no commits need to be exported' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use refspec' '
+	git fast-export --refspec refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foobar master | \
+		grep "^commit " | sort | uniq > actual &&
+	echo "commit refs/heads/foobar" > expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete refspec' '
+	git branch to-delete &&
+	git fast-export --refspec :refs/heads/to-delete to-delete ^to-delete > actual &&
+	cat > expected <<-EOF &&
+	reset refs/heads/to-delete
+	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9351-fast-export-anonymize.sh b/t/t9351-fast-export-anonymize.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..897dc50907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9351-fast-export-anonymize.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic tests for fast-export --anonymize'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup simple repo' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	test_commit foo &&
+	git checkout -b other HEAD^ &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	test_commit subdir/bar &&
+	test_commit subdir/xyzzy &&
+	git tag -m "annotated tag" mytag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'export anonymized stream' '
+	git fast-export --anonymize --all >stream
+'
+
+# this also covers commit messages
+test_expect_success 'stream omits path names' '
+	! grep base stream &&
+	! grep foo stream &&
+	! grep subdir stream &&
+	! grep bar stream &&
+	! grep xyzzy stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stream allows master as refname' '
+	grep master stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stream omits other refnames' '
+	! grep other stream &&
+	! grep mytag stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stream omits identities' '
+	! grep "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME" stream &&
+	! grep "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" stream &&
+	! grep "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" stream &&
+	! grep "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stream omits tag message' '
+	! grep "annotated tag" stream
+'
+
+# NOTE: we chdir to the new, anonymized repository
+# after this. All further tests should assume this.
+test_expect_success 'import stream to new repository' '
+	git init new &&
+	cd new &&
+	git fast-import <../stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'result has two branches' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/heads >branches &&
+	test_line_count = 2 branches &&
+	other_branch=$(grep -v refs/heads/master branches)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repo has original shape and timestamps' '
+	shape () {
+		git log --format="%m %ct" --left-right --boundary "$@"
+	} &&
+	(cd .. && shape master...other) >expect &&
+	shape master...$other_branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root tree has original shape' '
+	# the output entries are not necessarily in the same
+	# order, but we know at least that we will have one tree
+	# and one blob, so just check the sorted order
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	blob
+	tree
+	EOF
+	git ls-tree $other_branch >root &&
+	cut -d" " -f2 <root | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'paths in subdir ended up in one tree' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	blob
+	blob
+	EOF
+	tree=$(grep tree root | cut -f2) &&
+	git ls-tree $other_branch:$tree >tree &&
+	cut -d" " -f2 <tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tag points to branch tip' '
+	git rev-parse $other_branch >expect &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(*objectname)" | grep . >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'idents are shared' '
+	git log --all --format="%an <%ae>" >authors &&
+	sort -u authors >unique &&
+	test_line_count = 1 unique &&
+	git log --all --format="%cn <%ce>" >committers &&
+	sort -u committers >unique &&
+	test_line_count = 1 unique &&
+	! test_cmp authors committers
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
index 9199550ef4..432c61d246 100755
--- a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
+++ b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
@@ -20,22 +20,22 @@ then
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
     test_done
 fi
-"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
     test_done
 }
 
-unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
-WORKDIR=$(pwd)
-SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
+WORKDIR=$PWD
+SERVERDIR=$PWD/gitcvs.git
 git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
 CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
-CVSWORK="$(pwd)/cvswork"
+CVSWORK="$PWD/cvswork"
 CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
 export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+  git config push.default matching &&
   echo >empty &&
   git add empty &&
   git commit -q -m "First Commit" &&
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
   touch secondrootfile &&
   git add secondrootfile &&
   git commit -m "second root") &&
-  git pull secondroot master &&
+  git fetch secondroot master &&
+  git merge --allow-unrelated-histories FETCH_HEAD &&
   git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
   GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
   GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log" &&
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ cat >expected.C <<EOF
 Line 0
 =======
 LINE 0
->>>>>>> merge.3
+>>>>>>> merge.1.3
 EOF
 
 for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
@@ -476,14 +477,14 @@ test_expect_success 'cvs status' '
     cd cvswork &&
     GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs update &&
     GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs status | grep "^File: status.file" >../out &&
-    test $(wc -l <../out) = 2
+    test_line_count = 2 ../out
 '
 
 cd "$WORKDIR"
 test_expect_success 'cvs status (nonrecursive)' '
     cd cvswork &&
     GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs status -l | grep "^File: status.file" >../out &&
-    test $(wc -l <../out) = 1
+    test_line_count = 1 ../out
 '
 
 cd "$WORKDIR"
@@ -500,8 +501,78 @@ test_expect_success 'cvs status (no subdirs in header)' '
 cd "$WORKDIR"
 test_expect_success 'cvs co -c (shows module database)' '
     GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs co -c > out &&
-    grep "^master[	 ]\+master$" < out &&
-    ! grep -v "^master[	 ]\+master$" < out
+    grep "^master[	 ][ 	]*master$" <out &&
+    ! grep -v "^master[	 ][ 	]*master$" <out
+'
+
+#------------
+# CVS LOG
+#------------
+
+# Known issues with git-cvsserver current log output:
+#  - Hard coded "lines: +2 -3" placeholder, instead of real numbers.
+#  - CVS normally does not internally add a blank first line
+#    or a last line with nothing but a space to log messages.
+#  - The latest cvs 1.12.x server sends +0000 timezone (with some hidden "MT"
+#    tagging in the protocol), and if cvs 1.12.x client sees the MT tags,
+#    it converts to local time zone.  git-cvsserver doesn't do the +0000
+#    or the MT tags...
+#  - The latest 1.12.x releases add a "commitid:" field on to the end of the
+#    "date:" line (after "lines:").  Maybe we could stick git's commit id
+#    in it?  Or does CVS expect a certain number of bits (too few for
+#    a full sha1)?
+#
+# Given the above, expect the following test to break if git-cvsserver's
+# log output is improved.  The test is just to ensure it doesn't
+# accidentally get worse.
+
+sed -e 's/^x//' -e 's/SP$/ /' > "$WORKDIR/expect" <<EOF
+x
+xRCS file: $WORKDIR/gitcvs.git/master/merge,v
+xWorking file: merge
+xhead: 1.4
+xbranch:
+xlocks: strict
+xaccess list:
+xsymbolic names:
+xkeyword substitution: kv
+xtotal revisions: 4;	selected revisions: 4
+xdescription:
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.4
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (no-op)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.3
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (conflict)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.2
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (merge)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.1
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (pre-merge)
+xSP
+x=============================================================================
+EOF
+expectStat="$?"
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs log' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    test x"$expectStat" = x"0" &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs log merge >../out &&
+    sed -e "s%2[0-9][0-9][0-9]/[01][0-9]/[0-3][0-9] [0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]%__DATE__%" ../out > ../actual &&
+    test_cmp ../expect ../actual
 '
 
 #------------
diff --git a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
index ff6d6fb473..f324b9f010 100755
--- a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
@@ -38,6 +38,25 @@ not_present() {
     fi
 }
 
+check_status_options() {
+    (cd "$1" &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q status "$2" > "${WORKDIR}/status.out" 2>&1
+    )
+    if [ x"$?" != x"0" ] ; then
+	echo "Error from cvs status: $1 $2" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+	return 1;
+    fi
+    got="$(sed -n -e 's/^[ 	]*Sticky Options:[ 	]*//p' "${WORKDIR}/status.out")"
+    expect="$3"
+    if [ x"$expect" = x"" ] ; then
+	expect="(none)"
+    fi
+    test x"$got" = x"$expect"
+    stat=$?
+    echo "cvs status: $1 $2 $stat '$3' '$got'" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+    return $stat
+}
+
 cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
 if test $? -ne 1
 then
@@ -49,22 +68,23 @@ then
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
     test_done
 fi
-"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
     test_done
 }
 
 unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
-WORKDIR=$(pwd)
-SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
+WORKDIR=$PWD
+SERVERDIR=$PWD/gitcvs.git
 git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
 CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
-CVSWORK="$(pwd)/cvswork"
+CVSWORK="$PWD/cvswork"
 CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
 export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    git config push.default matching &&
     echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
     echo "File with embedded NUL: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > binfile.bin &&
     mkdir subdir &&
@@ -233,6 +253,22 @@ test_expect_success 'cvs co another copy (guess)' '
     marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cvs status - sticky options' '
+    check_status_options cvswork2 textfile.c "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 binfile.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 .gitattributes "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 multiline.c -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 subdir/withCr.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir file.h "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 subdir/file.h "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'add text (guess)' '
     (cd cvswork &&
     echo "simpleText" > simpleText.c &&
diff --git a/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6d2d3c8739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-cvsserver and git refspecs
+
+tests ability for git-cvsserver to switch between and compare
+tags, branches and other git refspecs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#########
+
+check_start_tree() {
+	rm -f "$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	echo "start $1" >>"${WORKDIR}/check.log"
+}
+
+check_file() {
+	sandbox="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	ver="$3"
+	GIT_DIR=$SERVERDIR git show "${ver}:${file}" \
+		>"$WORKDIR/check.got" 2>"$WORKDIR/check.stderr"
+	test_cmp "$WORKDIR/check.got" "$sandbox/$file"
+	stat=$?
+	echo "check_file $sandbox $file $ver : $stat" >>"$WORKDIR/check.log"
+	echo "$file" >>"$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	return $stat
+}
+
+check_end_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print >"$WORKDIR/list.actual" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.actual" | sed -e "s%cvswork/%%" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	rm expected actual
+}
+
+check_end_full_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print |
+	sed -e "s%$sandbox/%%" | sort >act1 &&
+	test_cmp expected act1 &&
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r "$2" | sort >act2 &&
+	test_cmp expected act2 &&
+	rm expected act1 act2
+}
+
+#########
+
+check_diff() {
+	diffFile="$1"
+	vOld="$2"
+	vNew="$3"
+	rm -rf diffSandbox
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout "$vOld" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"../$diffFile" &&
+		git diff --exit-code "$vNew"
+	) >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+}
+
+#########
+
+cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
+	test_done
+fi
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
+	test_done
+}
+
+unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+WORKDIR=$PWD
+SERVERDIR=$PWD/gitcvs.git
+git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
+CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
+CVSWORK="$PWD/cvswork"
+CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
+export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
+
+rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
+test_expect_success 'setup v1, b1' '
+	echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
+	echo "t2" >t2 &&
+	mkdir adir &&
+	echo "adir/afile line1" >adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line2" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line3" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line4" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/a2file" >>adir/a2file &&
+	mkdir adir/bdir &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 1" >adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 2" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/b2file" >adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	git add textfile.c t2 adir &&
+	git commit -q -m "First Commit (v1)" &&
+	git tag v1 &&
+	git branch b1 &&
+	git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log"
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co v1' '
+	cvs -f -Q co -r v1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1 [cvswork3]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork3 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit cvswork3 and save diff' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		sed -e "s/line1/line1 - data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+		echo "afile5" >adir/afile5 &&
+		rm t2 &&
+		cvs -f add adir/afile5 &&
+		cvs -f rm t2 &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup v1.2 on b1' '
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	echo "new v1.2" >t3 &&
+	rm t2 &&
+	sed -e "s/line3/line3 - more data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+	mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+	rm adir/a2file &&
+	echo "a3file" >>adir/a3file &&
+	echo "bfile line 3" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	echo "b3file" >adir/bdir/b3file &&
+	mkdir cdir &&
+	echo "cdir/cfile" >cdir/cfile &&
+	git add -A cdir adir t3 t2 &&
+	git commit -q -m 'v1.2' &&
+	git tag v1.2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b1:b1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs -f up (on b1 adir)' '
+	( cd cvswork/adir && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# Make sure "CVS/Tag" files didn't get messed up:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /) (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# update to another version:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r v1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r v1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup simple b2' '
+	git branch b2 v1 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b2 [into cvswork2]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b2 -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir edit [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 && echo "Line 2" >>textfile.c &&
+		! cvs -f diff -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "edit textfile.c" textfile.c
+	) >cvsEdit1.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir rm file [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		cvs -f rm -f t2 &&
+		cvs -f diff -u >../cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "rm t2"
+	) >cvsEdit2.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir edit/add/rm files [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		sed -e "s/line 1/line 1 (v2)/" adir/bdir/bfile >adir/bdir/bfileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/bdir/bfileNEW adir/bdir/bfile &&
+		rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+		cd adir &&
+		cvs -f rm bdir/b2file &&
+		echo "4th file" >bdir/b4file &&
+		cvs -f add bdir/b4file &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+		(
+		  cd .. &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff" &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 -r v1 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff"
+		) &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "various add/rm/edit"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate result of edits [cvswork2]' '
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	git tag v2 b2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate basic diffs saved during above cvswork2 edits' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit1.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit2-N.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3.diff | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	rm -rf diffSandbox &&
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --directory=adir --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git diff --exit-code v2
+	) >"check_diff_apply.out" 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff v1.2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 v1 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff v1.2 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up [cvswork2]' '
+	( cd cvswork2 && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b2 [back to cvswork]' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -A' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -A ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+# This is not really legal CVS, but it seems to work anyway:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads/b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads/b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+# But this should work even if CVS client checks -r more carefully:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads_-s-b2 (cvsserver escape mechanism)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads_-s-b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+v1hash=$(git rev-parse v1)
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r $(git rev-parse v1)' '
+	test -n "$v1hash" &&
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r "$v1hash" ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -r v1 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f diff -r v1 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvsDiff.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1.2 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply early [cvswork3] diff to b3' '
+	git clone -q . gitwork3 &&
+	(
+		cd gitwork3 &&
+		git checkout -b b3 v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff" &&
+		git commit -m "cvswork3 edits applied"
+	) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3 b3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check [cvswork3] diff' '
+	( cd cvswork3 && ! cvs -f diff -N -u ) >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out" 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	test_cmp cvsDiff.out cvswork3edit.diff &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v1 v3 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge early [cvswork3] b3 with b1' '
+	( cd gitwork3 && git merge -m "message" b1 ) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3merged b3 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b3:b3
+'
+
+# This test would fail if cvsserver properly created a ".#afile"* file
+# for the merge.
+# TODO: Validate that the .# file was saved properly, and then
+#   delete/ignore it when checking the tree.
+test_expect_success 'cvs up dirty [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f up &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged
+'
+
+# TODO: test cvs status
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs commit [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "dirty sandbox after auto-merge"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged &&
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b3:b4 &&
+	git tag v4.1 b4 &&
+	git diff --exit-code v4.1 v3merged >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
index ab24917812..e94b2f147a 100755
--- a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git commit -a -m "File renamed." &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 	'commitdiff(0): file to symlink' \
 	'rm renamed_file &&
-	 ln -s file renamed_file &&
+	 test_ln_s_add file renamed_file &&
 	 git commit -a -m "File to symlink." &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
 
@@ -212,15 +212,14 @@ test_expect_success \
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # commitdiff testing (taken from t4114-apply-typechange.sh)
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup typechange commits' '
+test_expect_success 'setup typechange commits' '
 	echo "hello world" > foo &&
 	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
 	git update-index --add foo bar &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git branch initial &&
 	rm -f foo &&
-	ln -s bar foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
 	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	rm -f foo &&
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup incomplete lines' '
 	echo "Dominus regit me," >file &&
 	echo "incomplete line" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
 	git commit -a -m "Change incomplete line" &&
-	git tag incomplete_lines_chg
+	git tag incomplete_lines_chg &&
 	echo "Dominus regit me," >file &&
 	git commit -a -m "Remove incomplete line" &&
 	git tag incomplete_lines_rem
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git add b &&
 	 git commit -a -m "On branch" &&
 	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull . b &&
+	 git merge b &&
 	 git tag merge_commit'
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -361,11 +360,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 echo "Changed" >> 04-rename-to &&
 	 test_chmod +x 05-mode-change &&
 	 rm -f 06-file-or-symlink &&
-	 if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s 01-change 06-file-or-symlink
-	 else
-		printf %s 01-change > 06-file-or-symlink
-	 fi &&
+	 test_ln_s_add 01-change 06-file-or-symlink &&
 	 echo "Changed and have mode changed" > 07-change-mode-change	&&
 	 test_chmod +x 07-change-mode-change &&
 	 git commit -a -m "Large commit" &&
@@ -475,6 +470,14 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/master:foo/"'
 
 test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/branch (non-existent)' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/non-existent"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/branch:filename (non-existent branch)' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/non-existent:non-existent"'
+
+test_expect_success \
 	'path_info: project/branch:file (non-existent)' \
 	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/master:non-existent"'
 
@@ -531,8 +534,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 test_when_finished "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=\"C O Mitter\"" &&
 	 echo "ISO-8859-1" >> file &&
 	 git add file &&
-	 git config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
-	 test_when_finished "git config --unset i18n.commitencoding" &&
+	 test_config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
 	 git commit -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
 
@@ -630,6 +632,45 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# searching
+
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
+
+# enable search
+$feature{'search'}{'default'} = [1];
+$feature{'grep'}{'default'} = [1];
+$feature{'pickaxe'}{'default'} = [1];
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'search: preparation' \
+	'echo "1st MATCH" >>file &&
+	 echo "2nd MATCH" >>file &&
+	 echo "MATCH" >>bar &&
+	 git add file bar &&
+	 git commit -m "Added MATCH word"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'search: commit author' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=search;h=HEAD;st=author;s=A+U+Thor"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'search: commit message' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=search;h=HEAD;st=commitr;s=MATCH"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'search: grep' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=search;h=HEAD;st=grep;s=MATCH"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'search: pickaxe' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=search;h=HEAD;st=pickaxe;s=MATCH"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'search: projects' \
+	'gitweb_run "a=project_list;s=.git"'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # non-ASCII in README.html
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -642,9 +683,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 # syntax highlighting
 
 
-highlight --version >/dev/null 2>&1
+highlight_version=$(highlight --version </dev/null 2>/dev/null)
 if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping syntax highlighting test, because 'highlight' was not found"
+	say "Skipping syntax highlighting tests: 'highlight' not found"
+elif test -z "$highlight_version"; then
+	say "Skipping syntax highlighting tests: incorrect 'highlight' found"
 else
 	test_set_prereq HIGHLIGHT
 	cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<-\EOF
@@ -731,4 +774,16 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'echo "\$projects_list_group_categories = 1;" >>gitweb_config.perl &&
 	 gitweb_run'
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# unborn branches
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'unborn HEAD: "summary" page (with "heads" subview)' \
+	'{
+		git checkout orphan_branch ||
+		git checkout --orphan orphan_branch
+	 } &&
+	 test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=summary"'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
index 26102ee9b0..2a0ffed870 100755
--- a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
+++ b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ code and message.'
 
 . ./gitweb-lib.sh
 
+#
+# Gitweb only provides the functionality tested by the 'modification times'
+# tests if it can access a date parser from one of these modules:
+#
+perl -MHTTP::Date -e 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 && test_set_prereq DATE_PARSER
+perl -MTime::ParseDate -e 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 && test_set_prereq DATE_PARSER
+
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # snapshot settings
 
@@ -92,15 +99,15 @@ test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
 test_expect_success 'snapshots: bad tree-ish id (tagged object)' '
 	echo object > tag-object &&
 	git add tag-object &&
-	git commit -m "Object to be tagged" &&
-	git tag tagged-object `git hash-object tag-object` &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Object to be tagged" &&
+	git tag tagged-object $(git hash-object tag-object) &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=tagged-object;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "400 - Object is not a tree-ish" gitweb.output
 '
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
 
 test_expect_success 'snapshots: good object id' '
-	ID=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	ID=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$ID;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.output
 '
@@ -112,6 +119,69 @@ test_expect_success 'snapshots: bad object id' '
 '
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# modification times (Last-Modified and If-Modified-Since)
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed last-modified' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
+	grep "Last-modified: Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (modified)' '
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
+	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot last-modified' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
+	grep "Last-modified: Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (modified)' '
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: tree snapshot' '
+	ID=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD^{tree}) &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$ID;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
+	! grep -i "last-modified" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # load checking
@@ -134,4 +204,14 @@ our $maxload = undef;
 EOF
 
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# invalid arguments
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid arguments: invalid regexp (in project search)' '
+	gitweb_run "a=project_list;s=*\.git;sr=1" &&
+	grep "Status: 400" gitweb.headers &&
+	grep "400 - Invalid.*regexp" gitweb.body
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
index 731e64c3ad..0796a438bc 100755
--- a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
+++ b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ check_snapshot () {
 	echo "basename=$basename"
 	grep "filename=.*$basename.tar" gitweb.headers >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
 	"$TAR" tf gitweb.body >file_list &&
-	! grep -v "^$prefix/" file_list
+	! grep -v -e "^$prefix$" -e "^$prefix/" -e "^pax_global_header$" file_list
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -145,9 +145,11 @@ test_expect_success 'forks: not skipped unless "forks" feature enabled' '
 	grep -q ">fork of .*<"           gitweb.body
 '
 
-cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF &&
-$feature{'forks'}{'default'} = [1];
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'enable forks feature' '
+	cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<-\EOF
+	$feature{"forks"}{"default"} = [1];
+	EOF
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'forks: forks skipped if "forks" feature enabled' '
 	gitweb_run "a=project_list" &&
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ test_expect_success 'forks: can access forked repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'forks: project_index lists all projects (incl. forks)' '
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	.git
 	foo.bar.git
 	foo.git
@@ -185,5 +187,20 @@ test_expect_success 'forks: project_index lists all projects (incl. forks)' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+xss() {
+	echo >&2 "Checking $1..." &&
+	gitweb_run "$1" &&
+	if grep "$TAG" gitweb.body; then
+		echo >&2 "xss: $TAG should have been quoted in output"
+		return 1
+	fi
+	return 0
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'xss checks' '
+	TAG="<magic-xss-tag>" &&
+	xss "a=rss&p=$TAG" &&
+	xss "a=rss&p=foo.git&f=$TAG"
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh b/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh
index 52034c8f77..c4c3c49546 100755
--- a/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh
+++ b/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ test_description='git cvsimport testing for correct patchset estimation'
 
 setup_cvs_test_repository t9603
 
-test_expect_failure 'import with criss cross times on revisions' '
+test_expect_failure PERL 'import with criss cross times on revisions' '
 
     git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-git module &&
     (cd module-git &&
diff --git a/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh b/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a4b3db24bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git cvsimport timestamps'
+. ./lib-cvs.sh
+
+setup_cvs_test_repository t9604
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'check timestamps are UTC (TZ=CST6CDT)' '
+
+	TZ=CST6CDT git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-1 module &&
+	git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-1 module &&
+	(
+		cd module-1 &&
+		git log --format="%s %ai"
+	) >actual-1 &&
+	cat >expect-1 <<-EOF &&
+	Rev 16 2006-10-29 07:00:01 +0000
+	Rev 15 2006-10-29 06:59:59 +0000
+	Rev 14 2006-04-02 08:00:01 +0000
+	Rev 13 2006-04-02 07:59:59 +0000
+	Rev 12 2005-12-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev 11 2005-11-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev 10 2005-10-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  9 2005-09-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  8 2005-08-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  7 2005-07-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  6 2005-06-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  5 2005-05-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  4 2005-04-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  3 2005-03-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  2 2005-02-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  1 2005-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	EOF
+	test_cmp actual-1 expect-1
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'check timestamps with author-specific timezones' '
+
+	cat >cvs-authors <<-EOF &&
+	user1=User One <user1@domain.org>
+	user2=User Two <user2@domain.org> CST6CDT
+	user3=User Three <user3@domain.org> EST5EDT
+	user4=User Four <user4@domain.org> MST7MDT
+	EOF
+	git cvsimport -p"-x" -A cvs-authors -C module-2 module &&
+	(
+		cd module-2 &&
+		git log --format="%s %ai %an"
+	) >actual-2 &&
+	cat >expect-2 <<-EOF &&
+	Rev 16 2006-10-29 01:00:01 -0600 User Two
+	Rev 15 2006-10-29 01:59:59 -0500 User Two
+	Rev 14 2006-04-02 03:00:01 -0500 User Two
+	Rev 13 2006-04-02 01:59:59 -0600 User Two
+	Rev 12 2005-11-30 17:00:00 -0700 User Four
+	Rev 11 2005-10-31 19:00:00 -0500 User Three
+	Rev 10 2005-09-30 19:00:00 -0500 User Two
+	Rev  9 2005-09-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	Rev  8 2005-07-31 18:00:00 -0600 User Four
+	Rev  7 2005-06-30 20:00:00 -0400 User Three
+	Rev  6 2005-05-31 19:00:00 -0500 User Two
+	Rev  5 2005-05-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	Rev  4 2005-03-31 17:00:00 -0700 User Four
+	Rev  3 2005-02-28 19:00:00 -0500 User Three
+	Rev  2 2005-01-31 18:00:00 -0600 User Two
+	Rev  1 2005-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	EOF
+	test_cmp actual-2 expect-2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes b/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..562b12e16e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* -whitespace
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore b/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bb9b34173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+history
+val-tags
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v b/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80658c3c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+head	1.16;
+access;
+symbols;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.16
+date	2006.10.29.07.00.01;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.15;
+
+1.15
+date	2006.10.29.06.59.59;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.14;
+
+1.14
+date	2006.04.02.08.00.01;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.13;
+
+1.13
+date	2006.04.02.07.59.59;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.12;
+
+1.12
+date	2005.12.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.11;
+
+1.11
+date	2005.11.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.10;
+
+1.10
+date	2005.10.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.9;
+
+1.9
+date	2005.09.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.8;
+
+1.8
+date	2005.08.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.7;
+
+1.7
+date	2005.07.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.6;
+
+1.6
+date	2005.06.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.5;
+
+1.5
+date	2005.05.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.4;
+
+1.4
+date	2005.04.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.3;
+
+1.3
+date	2005.03.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2005.02.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2005.01.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.16
+log
+@Rev 16
+@
+text
+@Rev 16
+@
+
+
+1.15
+log
+@Rev 15
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 15
+@
+
+
+1.14
+log
+@Rev 14
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 14
+@
+
+
+1.13
+log
+@Rev 13
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 13
+@
+
+
+1.12
+log
+@Rev 12
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 12
+@
+
+
+1.11
+log
+@Rev 11
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 11
+@
+
+
+1.10
+log
+@Rev 10
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 10
+@
+
+
+1.9
+log
+@Rev  9
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 9
+@
+
+
+1.8
+log
+@Rev  8
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 8
+@
+
+
+1.7
+log
+@Rev  7
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 7
+@
+
+
+1.6
+log
+@Rev  6
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 6
+@
+
+
+1.5
+log
+@Rev  5
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 5
+@
+
+
+1.4
+log
+@Rev  4
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 4
+@
+
+
+1.3
+log
+@Rev  3
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 3
+@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Rev  2
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 2
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Rev  1
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 1
+@
diff --git a/t/t9700-perl-git.sh b/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
index 435d896476..102c133112 100755
--- a/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
+++ b/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
 	test_done
 fi
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+perl -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
 	skip_all="Perl Test::More unavailable, skipping test"
 	test_done
 }
@@ -55,6 +55,6 @@ test_external_has_tap=1
 
 test_external_without_stderr \
     'Perl API' \
-    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
+    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9700/test.pl b/t/t9700/test.pl
index 3b9b48408a..1b75c91965 100755
--- a/t/t9700/test.pl
+++ b/t/t9700/test.pl
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ BEGIN {
 use Cwd;
 use File::Basename;
 
+sub adjust_dirsep {
+	my $path = shift;
+	$path =~ s{\\}{/}g;
+	return $path;
+}
+
 BEGIN { use_ok('Git') }
 
 # set up
@@ -33,7 +39,7 @@ is($r->config_int("test.int"), 2048, "config_int: integer");
 is($r->config_int("test.nonexistent"), undef, "config_int: nonexistent");
 ok($r->config_bool("test.booltrue"), "config_bool: true");
 ok(!$r->config_bool("test.boolfalse"), "config_bool: false");
-is($r->config_path("test.path"), $r->config("test.pathexpanded"),
+is(adjust_dirsep($r->config_path("test.path")), $r->config("test.pathexpanded"),
    "config_path: ~/foo expansion");
 is_deeply([$r->config_path("test.pathmulti")], ["foo", "bar"],
    "config_path: multiple values");
@@ -45,9 +51,9 @@ is($r->get_color("color.test.slot1", "red"), $ansi_green, "get_color");
 # Failure cases for config:
 # Save and restore STDERR; we will probably extract this into a
 # "dies_ok" method and possibly move the STDERR handling to Git.pm.
-open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR"; close STDERR;
-eval { $r->config("test.dupstring") };
-ok($@, "config: duplicate entry in scalar context fails");
+open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR";
+open STDERR, ">", "/dev/null" or die "cannot redirect STDERR to /dev/null";
+is($r->config("test.dupstring"), "value2", "config: multivar");
 eval { $r->config_bool("test.boolother") };
 ok($@, "config_bool: non-boolean values fail");
 open STDERR, ">&", $tmpstderr or die "cannot restore STDERR";
diff --git a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0730f18d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add p4 files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "file1" &&
+		echo file2 >file2 &&
+		p4 add file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "file2"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'basic git p4 clone' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git log --oneline >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 1 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'depot typo error' '
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" /depot 2>errs &&
+	grep "Depot paths must start with" errs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git p4 clone @all' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git log --oneline >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 2 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git p4 sync uninitialized repo' '
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync 2>errs &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Perhaps you never did" errs
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Create a git repo by hand.  Add a commit so that HEAD is valid.
+# Test imports a new p4 repository into a new git branch.
+#
+test_expect_success 'git p4 sync new branch' '
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit head &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/depot //depot@all &&
+		git log --oneline p4/depot >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 2 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone two dirs' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir sub1 sub2 &&
+		echo sub1/f1 >sub1/f1 &&
+		echo sub2/f2 >sub2/f2 &&
+		p4 add sub1/f1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "sub1/f1" &&
+		p4 add sub2/f2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "sub2/f2"
+	) &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1 //depot/sub2 &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git ls-files >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 2 lines &&
+		git log --oneline p4/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 1 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone two dirs, @all' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo sub1/f3 >sub1/f3 &&
+		p4 add sub1/f3 &&
+		p4 submit -d "sub1/f3"
+	) &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1@all //depot/sub2@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git ls-files >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 3 lines &&
+		git log --oneline p4/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 3 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone two dirs, @all, conflicting files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo sub2/f3 >sub2/f3 &&
+		p4 add sub2/f3 &&
+		p4 submit -d "sub2/f3"
+	) &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1@all //depot/sub2@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git ls-files >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 3 lines &&
+		git log --oneline p4/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 4 lines &&
+		echo sub2/f3 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected f3
+	)
+'
+
+revision_ranges="2000/01/01,#head \
+		 1,2080/01/01 \
+		 2000/01/01,2080/01/01 \
+		 2000/01/01,1000 \
+		 1,1000"
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using non-numeric revision ranges' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	for r in $revision_ranges
+	do
+		rm -fr "$git" &&
+		test ! -d "$git" &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@$r &&
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			git ls-files >lines &&
+			test_line_count = 6 lines
+		)
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with date range, excluding some changes' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	before=$(date +%Y/%m/%d:%H:%M:%S) &&
+	sleep 2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		:>date_range_test &&
+		p4 add date_range_test &&
+		p4 submit -d "Adding file"
+	) &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@1,$before &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_missing date_range_test
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exit when p4 fails to produce marshaled output' '
+	mkdir badp4dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm badp4dir/p4 && rmdir badp4dir" &&
+	cat >badp4dir/p4 <<-EOF &&
+	#!$SHELL_PATH
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	chmod 755 badp4dir/p4 &&
+	(
+		PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/badp4dir:$PATH" &&
+		export PATH &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot >errs 2>&1
+	) &&
+	cat errs &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! Traceback errs
+'
+
+# Hide a file from p4d, make sure we catch its complaint.  This won't fail in
+# p4 changes, files, or describe; just in p4 print.  If P4CLIENT is unset, the
+# message will include "Librarian checkout".
+test_expect_success 'exit gracefully for p4 server errors' '
+	test_when_finished "mv \"$db\"/depot/file1,v,hidden \"$db\"/depot/file1,v" &&
+	mv "$db"/depot/file1,v "$db"/depot/file1,v,hidden &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@1 >out 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Error from p4 print" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --bare should make a bare repository' '
+	rm -rf "$git" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --bare //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git &&
+		git config --get --bool core.bare true &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/HEAD &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+# Sleep a bit so that the top-most p4 change did not happen "now".  Then
+# import the repo and make sure that the initial import has the same time
+# as the top-most change.
+test_expect_success 'initial import time from top change time' '
+	p4change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | marshal_dump change) &&
+	p4time=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | marshal_dump time) &&
+	sleep 3 &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		gittime=$(git show -s --raw --pretty=format:%at HEAD) &&
+		echo $p4time $gittime &&
+		test $p4time = $gittime
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unresolvable host in P4PORT should display error' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		P4PORT=nosuchhost:65537 &&
+		export P4PORT &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 sync >out 2>err &&
+		grep "connect to nosuchhost" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit from detached head' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git checkout p4/master &&
+		>detached_head_test &&
+		git add detached_head_test &&
+		git commit -m "add detached_head" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		git p4 rebase &&
+		git log p4/master | grep detached_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9800-git-p4.sh b/t/t9800-git-p4.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 272de3fea3..0000000000
--- a/t/t9800-git-p4.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,404 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='git-p4 tests'
-
-. ./lib-git-p4.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
-	start_p4d
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'add p4 files' '
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo file1 >file1 &&
-		p4 add file1 &&
-		p4 submit -d "file1" &&
-		echo file2 >file2 &&
-		p4 add file2 &&
-		p4 submit -d "file2"
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'basic git-p4 clone' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git log --oneline >lines &&
-		test_line_count = 1 lines
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone @all' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git log --oneline >lines &&
-		test_line_count = 2 lines
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 sync uninitialized repo' '
-	test_create_repo "$git" &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test_must_fail "$GITP4" sync
-	)
-'
-
-#
-# Create a git repo by hand.  Add a commit so that HEAD is valid.
-# Test imports a new p4 repository into a new git branch.
-#
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 sync new branch' '
-	test_create_repo "$git" &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test_commit head &&
-		"$GITP4" sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/depot //depot@all &&
-		git log --oneline p4/depot >lines &&
-		test_line_count = 2 lines
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'exit when p4 fails to produce marshaled output' '
-	badp4dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/badp4dir" &&
-	mkdir "$badp4dir" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$badp4dir/p4\" && rmdir \"$badp4dir\"" &&
-	cat >"$badp4dir"/p4 <<-EOF &&
-	#!$SHELL_PATH
-	exit 1
-	EOF
-	chmod 755 "$badp4dir"/p4 &&
-	PATH="$badp4dir:$PATH" "$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot >errs 2>&1 ; retval=$? &&
-	test $retval -eq 1 &&
-	test_must_fail grep -q Traceback errs
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'add p4 files with wildcards in the names' '
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo file-wild-hash >file-wild#hash &&
-		echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star &&
-		echo file-wild-at >file-wild@at &&
-		echo file-wild-percent >file-wild%percent &&
-		p4 add -f file-wild* &&
-		p4 submit -d "file wildcards"
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'wildcard files git-p4 clone' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test -f file-wild#hash &&
-		test -f file-wild\*star &&
-		test -f file-wild@at &&
-		test -f file-wild%percent
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'clone bare' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --bare //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test ! -d .git &&
-		bare=`git config --get core.bare` &&
-		test "$bare" = true
-	)
-'
-
-p4_add_user() {
-	name=$1 fullname=$2 &&
-	p4 user -f -i <<-EOF &&
-	User: $name
-	Email: $name@localhost
-	FullName: $fullname
-	EOF
-	p4 passwd -P secret $name
-}
-
-p4_grant_admin() {
-	name=$1 &&
-	{
-		p4 protect -o &&
-		echo "    admin user $name * //depot/..."
-	} | p4 protect -i
-}
-
-p4_check_commit_author() {
-	file=$1 user=$2 &&
-	p4 changes -m 1 //depot/$file | grep -q $user
-}
-
-make_change_by_user() {
-	file=$1 name=$2 email=$3 &&
-	echo "username: a change by $name" >>"$file" &&
-	git add "$file" &&
-	git commit --author "$name <$email>" -m "a change by $name"
-}
-
-# Test username support, submitting as user 'alice'
-test_expect_success 'preserve users' '
-	p4_add_user alice Alice &&
-	p4_add_user bob Bob &&
-	p4_grant_admin alice &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		echo "username: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
-		echo "username: a change by bob" >>file2 &&
-		git commit --author "Alice <alice@localhost>" -m "a change by alice" file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Bob <bob@localhost>" -m "a change by bob" file2 &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret "$GITP4" commit --preserve-user &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file2 bob
-	)
-'
-
-# Test username support, submitting as bob, who lacks admin rights. Should
-# not submit change to p4 (git diff should show deltas).
-test_expect_success 'refuse to preserve users without perms' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		echo "username-noperms: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Alice <alice@localhost>" -m "perms: a change by alice" file1 &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=bob P4PASSWD=secret test_must_fail "$GITP4" commit --preserve-user &&
-		test_must_fail git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master
-	)
-'
-
-# What happens with unknown author? Without allowMissingP4Users it should fail.
-test_expect_success 'preserve user where author is unknown to p4' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		echo "username-bob: a change by bob" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Bob <bob@localhost>" -m "preserve: a change by bob" file1 &&
-		echo "username-unknown: a change by charlie" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Charlie <charlie@localhost>" -m "preserve: a change by charlie" file1 &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret test_must_fail "$GITP4" commit --preserve-user &&
-		test_must_fail git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
-
-		echo "$0: repeat with allowMissingP4Users enabled" &&
-		git config git-p4.allowMissingP4Users true &&
-		git config git-p4.preserveUser true &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret "$GITP4" commit &&
-		git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice
-	)
-'
-
-# If we're *not* using --preserve-user, git-p4 should warn if we're submitting
-# changes that are not all ours.
-# Test: user in p4 and user unknown to p4.
-# Test: warning disabled and user is the same.
-test_expect_success 'not preserving user with mixed authorship' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		p4_add_user derek Derek &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Derek derek@localhost &&
-		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret "$GITP4" commit |\
-		grep "git author derek@localhost does not match" &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@localhost &&
-		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret "$GITP4" commit |\
-		grep "git author charlie@localhost does not match" &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 alice alice@localhost &&
-		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret "$GITP4" |\
-		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
-
-		git config git-p4.skipUserNameCheck true &&
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@localhost &&
-		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret "$GITP4" commit |\
-		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
-
-		p4_check_commit_author usernamefile3 alice
-	)
-'
-
-marshal_dump() {
-	what=$1
-	"$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import marshal, sys; d = marshal.load(sys.stdin); print d["'$what'"]'
-}
-
-# Sleep a bit so that the top-most p4 change did not happen "now".  Then
-# import the repo and make sure that the initial import has the same time
-# as the top-most change.
-test_expect_success 'initial import time from top change time' '
-	p4change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | marshal_dump change) &&
-	p4time=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | marshal_dump time) &&
-	sleep 3 &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		gittime=$(git show -s --raw --pretty=format:%at HEAD) &&
-		echo $p4time $gittime &&
-		test $p4time = $gittime
-	)
-'
-
-# Rename a file and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
-# Rename the new file again with detectRenames option enabled and confirm that
-# this is detected in P4.
-# Rename the new file again adding an extra line, configure a big threshold in
-# detectRenames and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
-# Repeat, this time with a smaller threshold and confirm that the rename is
-# detected in P4.
-test_expect_success 'detect renames' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-
-		git mv file1 file4 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file1 to file4" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file4 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file4 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		git mv file4 file5 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file4 to file5" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file5 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file5 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file4" &&
-
-		git mv file5 file6 &&
-		echo update >>file6 &&
-		git add file6 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file5 to file6 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level + 2)) &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file6 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file6 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		git mv file6 file7 &&
-		echo update >>file7 &&
-		git add file7 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file6 to file7 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level - 2)) &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file7 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file7 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file6"
-	)
-'
-
-# Copy a file and confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
-# Copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy is not
-# detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy
-# is detected in P4.
-# Copy a file with detectCopies and detectCopiesHarder options enabled and
-# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file, configure a bigger threshold in detectCopies and
-# confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file, configure a smaller threshold in detectCopies and
-# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
-test_expect_success 'detect copies' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-
-		cp file2 file8 &&
-		git add file8 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file8" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file8 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file8 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		cp file2 file9 &&
-		git add file9 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file9" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file9 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file9 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		echo "file2" >>file2 &&
-		cp file2 file10 &&
-		git add file2 file10 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Modify and copy file2 to file10" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file10 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file10 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
-
-		cp file2 file11 &&
-		git add file11 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file11" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file11 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file11 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
-
-		cp file2 file12 &&
-		echo "some text" >>file12 &&
-		git add file12 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file12 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level + 2)) &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file12 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file12 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		cp file2 file13 &&
-		echo "different text" >>file13 &&
-		git add file13 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file13 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level - 2)) &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file13 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file13 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file"
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
-	kill_p4d
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
index a25f18d36a..0aafd03334 100755
--- a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 p4 branching tests'
+test_description='git p4 tests for p4 branches'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success 'basic p4 branches' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import main, no branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/main@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/main@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import main, no branch detection' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import branch1, no branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/branch1@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/branch1@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import branch1, no branch detection' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import branch2, no branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/branch2@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/branch2@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import branch2, no branch detection' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import depot, no branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import depot, no branch detection' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import depot, branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import depot, branch detection, branchList branch definitio
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.branchList main:branch1 &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
 
@@ -172,9 +172,9 @@ test_expect_success 'add simple p4 branches' '
 		echo file1 >file1 &&
 		echo file2 >file2 &&
 		p4 add file1 file2 &&
-		p4 submit -d "branch1" &&
+		p4 submit -d "Create branch1" &&
 		p4 integrate //depot/branch1/... //depot/branch2/... &&
-		p4 submit -d "branch2" &&
+		p4 submit -d "Integrate branch2 from branch1" &&
 		echo file3 >file3 &&
 		p4 add file3 &&
 		p4 submit -d "add file3 in branch1" &&
@@ -182,47 +182,431 @@ test_expect_success 'add simple p4 branches' '
 		echo update >>file2 &&
 		p4 submit -d "update file2 in branch1" &&
 		p4 integrate //depot/branch1/... //depot/branch3/... &&
-		p4 submit -d "branch3"
+		p4 submit -d "Integrate branch3 from branch1"
 	)
 '
 
 # Configure branches through git-config and clone them.
 # All files are tested to make sure branches were cloned correctly.
 # Finally, make an update to branch1 on P4 side to check if it is imported
-# correctly by git-p4.
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone simple branches' '
+# correctly by git p4.
+test_expect_success 'git p4 clone simple branches' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	test_create_repo "$git" &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.branchList branch1:branch2 &&
 		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
 		test -f file1 &&
 		test -f file2 &&
 		test -f file3 &&
-		grep -q update file2 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
 		test -f file1 &&
 		test -f file2 &&
 		test ! -f file3 &&
-		test_must_fail grep -q update file2 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
 		test -f file1 &&
 		test -f file2 &&
 		test -f file3 &&
-		grep -q update file2 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		cd branch1 &&
 		p4 edit file2 &&
 		echo file2_ >>file2 &&
-		p4 submit -d "update file2 in branch3" &&
+		p4 submit -d "update file2 in branch1" &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
+		git p4 rebase &&
+		grep file2_ file2
+	)
+'
+
+# Create a complex branch structure in P4 depot to check if they are correctly
+# cloned. The branches are created from older changelists to check if git p4 is
+# able to correctly detect them.
+# The final expected structure is:
+# `branch1
+# | `- file1
+# | `- file2 (updated)
+# | `- file3
+# `branch2
+# | `- file1
+# | `- file2
+# `branch3
+# | `- file1
+# | `- file2 (updated)
+# | `- file3
+# `branch4
+# | `- file1
+# | `- file2
+# `branch5
+#   `- file1
+#   `- file2
+#   `- file3
+test_expect_success 'git p4 add complex branches' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		changelist=$(p4 changes -m1 //depot/... | cut -d" " -f2) &&
+		changelist=$(($changelist - 5)) &&
+		p4 integrate //depot/branch1/...@$changelist //depot/branch4/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "Integrate branch4 from branch1@${changelist}" &&
+		changelist=$(($changelist + 2)) &&
+		p4 integrate //depot/branch1/...@$changelist //depot/branch5/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "Integrate branch5 from branch1@${changelist}"
+	)
+'
+
+# Configure branches through git-config and clone them. git p4 will only be able
+# to clone the original structure if it is able to detect the origin changelist
+# of each branch.
+test_expect_success 'git p4 clone complex branches' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.branchList branch1:branch2 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch4 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch5 &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch4 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch5 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/git-p4-tmp
+	)
+'
+
+# Move branch3/file3 to branch4/file3 in a single changelist
+test_expect_success 'git p4 submit to two branches in a single changelist' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 integrate //depot/branch3/file3 //depot/branch4/file3 &&
+		p4 delete //depot/branch3/file3 &&
+		p4 submit -d "Move branch3/file3 to branch4/file3"
+	)
+'
+
+# Confirm that changes to two branches done in a single changelist
+# are correctly imported by git p4
+test_expect_success 'git p4 sync changes to two branches in the same changelist' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.branchList branch1:branch2 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch4 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch5 &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch4 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch5 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/git-p4-tmp
+	)
+'
+
+# Create a branch by integrating a single file
+test_expect_success 'git p4 file subset branch' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 integrate //depot/branch1/file1 //depot/branch6/file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "Integrate file1 alone from branch1 to branch6"
+	)
+'
+
+# Check if git p4 creates a new branch containing a single file,
+# instead of keeping the old files from the original branch
+test_expect_failure 'git p4 clone file subset branch' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.branchList branch1:branch2 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch4 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch5 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch6 &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch4 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch5 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch6 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3
+	)
+'
+
+# From a report in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11893688
+# where --use-client-spec caused branch prefixes not to be removed;
+# every file in git appeared into a subdirectory of the branch name.
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches setup' '
+	rm -rf "$cli" &&
+	mkdir "$cli" &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." &&
+		mkdir b1 &&
+		echo b1/b1-file1 >b1/b1-file1 &&
+		p4 add b1/b1-file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1/b1-file1" &&
+
+		p4 integrate //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b2/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1 -> b2" &&
+		p4 branch -i <<-EOF &&
+		Branch: b2
+		View: //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b2/...
+		EOF
+
+		echo b2/b2-file2 >b2/b2-file2 &&
+		p4 add b2/b2-file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b2/b2-file2"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches files in top-level' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/usecs/b1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2-file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2 &&
+
+		git checkout -b b2 p4/usecs/b2 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b2-file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips branches setup' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		p4 integrate //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b3/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1 -> b3" &&
+		p4 branch -i <<-EOF &&
+		Branch: b3
+		View: //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b3/...
+		EOF
+
+		echo b3/b3-file3_1 >b3/b3-file3_1 &&
+		echo b3/b3-file3_2 >b3/b3-file3_2 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3_1 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3_2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b3/b3-file3_1 b3/b3-file3_2"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips branches' '
+	client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/usecs/b3/... //client/b3/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/p4/usecs/b3
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips files in branches' '
+	client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/usecs/b3/b3-file3_1 //client/b3/b3-file3_1" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/usecs/b3 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b3-file3_2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b3-file3_1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'restart p4d' '
+	kill_p4d &&
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+#
+# 1: //depot/branch1/base/file1
+#    //depot/branch1/base/file2
+#    //depot/branch1/base/dir/sub_file1
+# 2: integrate //depot/branch1/base/... -> //depot/branch2/base/...
+# 3: //depot/branch1/base/file3
+# 4: //depot/branch1/base/file2 (edit)
+# 5: integrate //depot/branch1/base/... -> //depot/branch3/base/...
+#
+# Note: the client view removes the "base" folder from the workspace
+#       and moves sub_file1 one level up.
+test_expect_success 'add simple p4 branches with common base folder on each branch' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		client_view "//depot/branch1/base/... //client/branch1/..." \
+			    "//depot/branch1/base/dir/sub_file1 //client/branch1/sub_file1" \
+			    "//depot/branch2/base/... //client/branch2/..." \
+			    "//depot/branch3/base/... //client/branch3/..." &&
+		mkdir -p branch1 &&
+		cd branch1 &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		echo file2 >file2 &&
+		mkdir dir &&
+		echo sub_file1 >sub_file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 file2 sub_file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "Create branch1" &&
+		p4 integrate //depot/branch1/base/... //depot/branch2/base/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "Integrate branch2 from branch1" &&
+		echo file3 >file3 &&
+		p4 add file3 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add file3 in branch1" &&
+		p4 open file2 &&
+		echo update >>file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "update file2 in branch1" &&
+		p4 integrate //depot/branch1/base/... //depot/branch3/base/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "Integrate branch3 from branch1"
+	)
+'
+
+# Configure branches through git-config and clone them.
+# All files are tested to make sure branches were cloned correctly.
+# Finally, make an update to branch1 on P4 side to check if it is imported
+# correctly by git p4.
+# git p4 is expected to use the client view to also not include the common
+# "base" folder in the imported directory structure.
+test_expect_success 'git p4 clone simple branches with base folder on server side' '
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.branchList branch1:branch2 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --use-client-spec  --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
+		test -f file1 &&
+		test -f file2 &&
+		test -f file3 &&
+		test -f sub_file1 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
+		test -f file1 &&
+		test -f file2 &&
+		test ! -f file3 &&
+		test -f sub_file1 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
+		test -f file1 &&
+		test -f file2 &&
+		test -f file3 &&
+		test -f sub_file1 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		cd branch1 &&
+		p4 edit file2 &&
+		echo file2_ >>file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "update file2 in branch1" &&
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
-		"$GITP4" rebase &&
-		grep -q file2_ file2
+		git p4 rebase &&
+		grep file2_ file2
+	)
+'
+
+# Now update a file in one of the branches in git and submit to P4
+test_expect_success 'Update a file in git side and submit to P4 using client view' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
+		echo "client spec" >> file1 &&
+		git add -u . &&
+		git commit -m "update file1 in branch1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose &&
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		cd branch1 &&
+		grep "client spec" file1
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
index 992bb8cf0b..eb9a8ed197 100755
--- a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
+++ b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 p4 filetype tests'
+test_description='git p4 filetype tests'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -8,6 +8,123 @@ test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
 	start_p4d
 '
 
+#
+# This series of tests checks newline handling  Both p4 and
+# git store newlines as \n, and have options to choose how
+# newlines appear in checked-out files.
+#
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, unix' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "unix\ncrlf\n" >f-unix &&
+		printf "unix\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-unix &&
+		p4 submit -d f-unix &&
+
+		# LineEnd: unix; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-unix f-unix-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appended newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-unix | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-unix-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to win, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-as-crlf f-unix
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, win' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "win\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-win &&
+		printf "win\ncrlf\n" >f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-win &&
+		p4 submit -d f-win &&
+
+		# LineEnd: win; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-win f-win-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-orig f-win &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appened newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-win | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-win-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to unix, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ensure blobs store only lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+
+		# verify the files in .git are stored only with newlines
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-unix | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-unix-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix-blob &&
+
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-win | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-win-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win-blob &&
+
+		rm f-unix-blob f-win-blob
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=lf produces lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=lf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=crlf produces crlf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-as-crlf f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-orig f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'crlf cleanup' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		rm f-unix-orig f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		rm f-win-orig f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'utf-16 file create' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -37,7 +154,7 @@ test_expect_success 'utf-16 file create' '
 
 test_expect_success 'utf-16 file test' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 
@@ -84,7 +201,7 @@ test_expect_success 'keyword file test' '
 	build_smush &&
 	test_when_finished rm -f k_smush.py ko_smush.py &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 
@@ -94,7 +211,7 @@ test_expect_success 'keyword file test' '
 		"$PYTHON_PATH" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ko_smush.py" <"$cli/k-text-ko" >cli-k-text-ko-smush &&
 		test_cmp cli-k-text-ko-smush k-text-ko &&
 
-		# utf16, even though p4 expands keywords, git-p4 does not
+		# utf16, even though p4 expands keywords, git p4 does not
 		# try to undo that
 		test_cmp "$cli/k-utf16-k" k-utf16-k &&
 		test_cmp "$cli/k-utf16-ko" k-utf16-ko
@@ -105,12 +222,13 @@ build_gendouble() {
 	cat >gendouble.py <<-\EOF
 	import sys
 	import struct
-	import array
 
-	s = array.array("c", '\0' * 26)
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  0, 0x00051607)  # AppleDouble
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  4, 0x00020000)  # version 2
-	s.tofile(sys.stdout)
+	s = struct.pack(b">LL18s",
+			0x00051607,  # AppleDouble
+			0x00020000,  # version 2
+			b""          # pad to 26 bytes
+	)
+	getattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer', sys.stdout).write(s)
 	EOF
 }
 
@@ -125,13 +243,96 @@ test_expect_success 'ignore apple' '
 		p4 submit -d appledouble
 	) &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test ! -f double.png
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create p4 symlink' '
+	cd "$cli" &&
+	ln -s symlink-target symlink &&
+	p4 add symlink &&
+	p4 submit -d "add symlink"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'ensure p4 symlink parsed correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test -L symlink &&
+		test $(readlink symlink) = symlink-target
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'empty symlink target' '
+	(
+		# first create the file as a file
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		>empty-symlink &&
+		p4 add empty-symlink &&
+		p4 submit -d "add empty-symlink as a file"
+	) &&
+	(
+		# now change it to be a symlink to "target1"
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 edit empty-symlink &&
+		p4 reopen -t symlink empty-symlink &&
+		rm empty-symlink &&
+		ln -s target1 empty-symlink &&
+		p4 add empty-symlink &&
+		p4 submit -d "make empty-symlink point to target1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		# Hack the p4 depot to make the symlink point to nothing;
+		# this should not happen in reality, but shows up
+		# in p4 repos in the wild.
+		#
+		# The sed expression changes this:
+		#     @@
+		#     text
+		#     @target1
+		#     @
+		# to this:
+		#     @@
+		#     text
+		#     @@
+		#
+		cd "$db/depot" &&
+		sed "/@target1/{; s/target1/@/; n; d; }" \
+		    empty-symlink,v >empty-symlink,v.tmp &&
+		mv empty-symlink,v.tmp empty-symlink,v
+	) &&
+	(
+		# Make sure symlink really is empty.  Asking
+		# p4 to sync here will make it generate errors.
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 print -q //depot/empty-symlink#2 >out &&
+		test ! -s out
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+
+	# make sure git p4 handles it without error
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+	# fix the symlink, make it point to "target2"
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open empty-symlink &&
+		rm empty-symlink &&
+		ln -s target2 empty-symlink &&
+		p4 submit -d "make empty-symlink point to target2"
+	) &&
+	cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test $(readlink empty-symlink) = target2
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9803-git-p4-shell-metachars.sh b/t/t9803-git-p4-shell-metachars.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d950c7d665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9803-git-p4-shell-metachars.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 transparency to shell metachars in filenames'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "file1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shell metachars in filenames' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		echo f1 >foo\$bar &&
+		git add foo\$bar &&
+		echo f2 >"file with spaces" &&
+		git add "file with spaces" &&
+		git commit -m "add files" &&
+		P4EDITOR="test-chmtime +5" git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		test -e "file with spaces" &&
+		test -e "foo\$bar"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting with shell metachars' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		git rm foo\$bar &&
+		git rm file\ with\ spaces &&
+		git commit -m "remove files" &&
+		P4EDITOR="test-chmtime +5" git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		test ! -e "file with spaces" &&
+		test ! -e foo\$bar
+	)
+'
+
+# Create a branch with a shell metachar in its name
+#
+# 1. //depot/main
+# 2. //depot/branch$3
+
+test_expect_success 'branch with shell char' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		mkdir -p main &&
+
+		echo f1 >main/f1 &&
+		p4 add main/f1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f1" &&
+
+		p4 integrate //depot/main/... //depot/branch\$3/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "integrate main to branch\$3" &&
+
+		echo f1 >branch\$3/shell_char_branch_file &&
+		p4 add branch\$3/shell_char_branch_file &&
+		p4 submit -d "branch\$3/shell_char_branch_file" &&
+
+		p4 branch -i <<-EOF &&
+		Branch: branch\$3
+		View: //depot/main/... //depot/branch\$3/...
+		EOF
+
+		p4 edit main/f1 &&
+		echo "a change" >> main/f1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "a change" main/f1 &&
+
+		p4 integrate -b branch\$3 &&
+		p4 resolve -am branch\$3/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "integrate main to branch\$3" &&
+
+		cd "$git" &&
+
+		git config git-p4.branchList main:branch\$3 &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch\$3 &&
+		test -f shell_char_branch_file &&
+		test -f f1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9803-git-shell-metachars.sh b/t/t9803-git-shell-metachars.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index db04375a13..0000000000
--- a/t/t9803-git-shell-metachars.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='git-p4 transparency to shell metachars in filenames'
-
-. ./lib-git-p4.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
-	start_p4d
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'init depot' '
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo file1 >file1 &&
-		p4 add file1 &&
-		p4 submit -d "file1"
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'shell metachars in filenames' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		echo f1 >foo\$bar &&
-		git add foo\$bar &&
-		echo f2 >"file with spaces" &&
-		git add "file with spaces" &&
-		git commit -m "add files" &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch "$GITP4" submit
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 sync ... &&
-		test -e "file with spaces" &&
-		test -e "foo\$bar"
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'deleting with shell metachars' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		git rm foo\$bar &&
-		git rm file\ with\ spaces &&
-		git commit -m "remove files" &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch "$GITP4" submit
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 sync ... &&
-		test ! -e "file with spaces" &&
-		test ! -e foo\$bar
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
-	kill_p4d
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t9804-git-p4-label.sh b/t/t9804-git-p4-label.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e30f80e617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9804-git-p4-label.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 label tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# Basic p4 label tests.
+#
+# Note: can't have more than one label per commit - others
+# are silently discarded.
+#
+test_expect_success 'basic p4 labels' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p main &&
+
+		echo f1 >main/f1 &&
+		p4 add main/f1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f1" &&
+
+		echo f2 >main/f2 &&
+		p4 add main/f2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f2" &&
+
+		echo f3 >main/file_with_\$metachar &&
+		p4 add main/file_with_\$metachar &&
+		p4 submit -d "file with metachar" &&
+
+		p4 tag -l tag_f1_only main/f1 &&
+		p4 tag -l tag_with\$_shell_char main/... &&
+
+		echo f4 >main/f4 &&
+		p4 add main/f4 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f4" &&
+
+		p4 label -i <<-EOF &&
+		Label: long_label
+		Description:
+		   A Label first line
+		   A Label second line
+		View:	//depot/...
+		EOF
+
+		p4 tag -l long_label ... &&
+
+		p4 labels ... &&
+
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --detect-labels //depot@all &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+
+		git tag &&
+		git tag >taglist &&
+		test_line_count = 3 taglist &&
+
+		cd main &&
+		git checkout tag_tag_f1_only &&
+		! test -f f2 &&
+		git checkout tag_tag_with\$_shell_char &&
+		test -f f1 && test -f f2 && test -f file_with_\$metachar &&
+
+		git show tag_long_label | grep -q "A Label second line"
+	)
+'
+
+# Test some label corner cases:
+#
+# - two tags on the same file; both should be available
+# - a tag that is only on one file; this kind of tag
+#   cannot be imported (at least not easily).
+
+test_expect_failure 'two labels on the same changelist' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p main &&
+
+		p4 edit main/f1 main/f2 &&
+		echo "hello world" >main/f1 &&
+		echo "not in the tag" >main/f2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f[12]: testing two labels" &&
+
+		p4 tag -l tag_f1_1 main/... &&
+		p4 tag -l tag_f1_2 main/... &&
+
+		p4 labels ... &&
+
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --detect-labels //depot@all &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+
+		git tag | grep tag_f1 &&
+		git tag | grep -q tag_f1_1 &&
+		git tag | grep -q tag_f1_2 &&
+
+		cd main &&
+
+		git checkout tag_tag_f1_1 &&
+		ls &&
+		test -f f1 &&
+
+		git checkout tag_tag_f1_2 &&
+		ls &&
+		test -f f1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9805-skip-submit-edit.sh b/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh
index df929e0555..5fbf904dc8 100755
--- a/t/t9805-skip-submit-edit.sh
+++ b/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 skipSubmitEdit config variables'
+test_description='git p4 skipSubmitEdit config variables'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -17,35 +17,35 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 	)
 '
 
-# this works because EDITOR is set to :
+# this works because P4EDITOR is set to true
 test_expect_success 'no config, unedited, say yes' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 2" &&
-		echo y | "$GITP4" submit &&
+		echo y | git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 2 wc
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'no config, unedited, say no' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 3 (not really)" &&
-		printf "bad response\nn\n" | "$GITP4" submit &&
+		printf "bad response\nn\n" | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 2 wc
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'skipSubmitEdit' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -54,21 +54,21 @@ test_expect_success 'skipSubmitEdit' '
 		git config core.editor /bin/false &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 3" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 3 wc
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'skipSubmitEditCheck' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 4" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 4 wc
 	)
@@ -76,22 +76,23 @@ test_expect_success 'skipSubmitEditCheck' '
 
 # check the normal case, where the template really is edited
 test_expect_success 'no config, edited' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	ed="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ed.sh" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$ed\"" &&
-	cat >"$ed" <<-EOF &&
+	test_when_finished "rm ed.sh" &&
+	cat >ed.sh <<-EOF &&
 		#!$SHELL_PATH
 		sleep 1
 		touch "\$1"
 		exit 0
 	EOF
-	chmod 755 "$ed" &&
+	chmod 755 ed.sh &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 5" &&
-		EDITOR="\"$ed\"" "$GITP4" submit &&
+		P4EDITOR="\"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ed.sh\"" &&
+		export P4EDITOR &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 5 wc
 	)
diff --git a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..254d428b73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 options'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "change 1" &&
+		echo file2 >file2 &&
+		p4 add file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "change 2" &&
+		echo file3 >file3 &&
+		p4 add file3 &&
+		p4 submit -d "change 3"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone no --git-dir' '
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --git-dir=xx //depot
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch should checkout master' '
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse refs/heads/master >master &&
+		test_cmp sb master &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >head &&
+		test_cmp sb head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync when no master branch prints a nice error' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot@2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync 2>err &&
+		grep "Error: no branch refs/remotes/p4/master" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch builds the full ref name correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b1 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=p4/b2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=h1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h1 &&
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=p4/h2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/stuff //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/stuff
+	)
+'
+
+# engages --detect-branches code, which will do filename filtering so
+# no sync to either b1 or b2
+test_expect_success 'sync when two branches but no master should noop' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch updates specific branch, no detection' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "change 3" show
+	)
+'
+
+# allows using the refname "p4" as a short name for p4/master
+test_expect_success 'clone creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master >master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp master p4
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp sb p4
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --changesfile' '
+	test_when_finished "rm cf" &&
+	printf "1\n3\n" >cf &&
+	git p4 clone --changesfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git log --oneline p4/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 2 lines
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --changesfile, @all' '
+	test_when_finished "rm cf" &&
+	printf "1\n3\n" >cf &&
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --changesfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" --dest="$git" //depot@all
+'
+
+# imports both master and p4/master in refs/heads
+# requires --import-local on sync to find p4 refs/heads
+# does not update master on sync, just p4/master
+test_expect_success 'clone/sync --import-local' '
+	git p4 clone --import-local --dest="$git" //depot@1,2 &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git log --oneline refs/heads/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 2 lines &&
+		git log --oneline refs/heads/p4/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 2 lines &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync &&
+
+		git p4 sync --import-local &&
+		git log --oneline refs/heads/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 2 lines &&
+		git log --oneline refs/heads/p4/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 3 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --max-changes' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --max-changes 2 //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git log --oneline refs/heads/master >lines &&
+		test_line_count = 2 lines
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --keep-path' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p sub/dir &&
+		echo f4 >sub/dir/f4 &&
+		p4 add sub/dir/f4 &&
+		p4 submit -d "change 4"
+	) &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --keep-path //depot/sub/dir@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_missing f4 &&
+		test_path_is_file sub/dir/f4
+	) &&
+	cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub/dir@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_file f4 &&
+		test_path_is_missing sub/dir/f4
+	)
+'
+
+# clone --use-client-spec must still specify a depot path
+# if given, it should rearrange files according to client spec
+# when it has view lines that match the depot path
+# XXX: should clone/sync just use the client spec exactly, rather
+# than needing depot paths?
+test_expect_success 'clone --use-client-spec' '
+	(
+		# big usage message
+		exec >/dev/null &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec
+	) &&
+	# build a different client
+	cli2="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2" &&
+	mkdir -p "$cli2" &&
+	test_when_finished "rmdir \"$cli2\"" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# group P4CLIENT and cli changes in a sub-shell
+		P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		cli="$cli2" &&
+		client_view "//depot/sub/... //client2/bus/..." &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		) &&
+		cleanup_git &&
+		# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			git init &&
+			git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+			git p4 sync //depot/... &&
+			git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit works with no p4/master' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit submit-1-branch &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --branch=b1
+	)
+'
+
+# The sync/rebase part post-submit will engage detect-branches
+# machinery which will not do anything in this particular test.
+test_expect_success 'submit works with two branches' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@1,3 &&
+		test_commit submit-2-branches &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..593152817d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 submit'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "change 1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'is_cli_file_writeable function' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		is_cli_file_writeable a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file1 &&
+		rm a
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit with no client dir' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo file2 >file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git commit -m "git commit 2" &&
+		rm -rf "$cli" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2
+	)
+'
+
+# make two commits, but tell it to apply only from HEAD^
+test_expect_success 'submit --origin' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit "file3" &&
+		test_commit "file4" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --origin=HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "file3.t" &&
+		test_path_is_file "file4.t"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit --dry-run' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit "dry-run1" &&
+		test_commit "dry-run2" &&
+		git p4 submit --dry-run >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Would apply" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run1.t" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run2.t"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit --dry-run --export-labels' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo dry-run1 >dry-run1 &&
+		git add dry-run1 &&
+		git commit -m "dry-run1" dry-run1 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		echo dry-run2 >dry-run2 &&
+		git add dry-run2 &&
+		git commit -m "dry-run2" dry-run2 &&
+		git tag -m "dry-run-tag1" dry-run-tag1 HEAD^ &&
+		git p4 submit --dry-run --export-labels >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Would create p4 label" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file "dry-run1" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run2"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit with allowSubmit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit "file5" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.allowSubmit "nobranch" &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 submit &&
+		git config git-p4.allowSubmit "nobranch,master" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit with master branch name from argv' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit "file6" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 submit nobranch &&
+		git branch otherbranch &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		test_commit "file7" &&
+		git p4 submit otherbranch
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file "file6.t" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "file7.t"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Basic submit tests, the five handled cases
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'submit modify' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo line >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m file1 &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_line_count = 2 file1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit add' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo file13 >file13 &&
+		git add file13 &&
+		git commit -m file13 &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file file13
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit delete' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git rm file4.t &&
+		git commit -m "delete file4.t" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing file4.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit copy' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		cp file5.t file5.ta &&
+		git add file5.ta &&
+		git commit -m "copy to file5.ta" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file file5.ta &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file5.ta
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit rename' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git mv file6.t file6.ta &&
+		git commit -m "rename file6.t to file6.ta" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing file6.t &&
+		test_path_is_file file6.ta &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file6.ta
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Converting git commit message to p4 change description, including
+# parsing out the optional Jobs: line.
+#
+test_expect_success 'simple one-line description' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc2 >desc2 &&
+		git add desc2 &&
+		cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+		One-line description line for desc2.
+		EOF
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		test_cmp msg pmsg
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with odd formatting' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc3 >desc3 &&
+		git add desc3 &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Description:\n\tBogus description marker\n\n" &&
+			# git commit eats trailing newlines; only use one
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus descs marker\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		test_cmp msg pmsg
+	)
+'
+
+make_job() {
+	name="$1" &&
+	tab="$(printf \\t)" &&
+	p4 job -o | \
+	sed -e "/^Job:/s/.*/Job: $name/" \
+	    -e "/^Description/{ n; s/.*/$tab job text/; }" | \
+	p4 job -i
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs section at end' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc4 >desc4 &&
+		git add desc4 &&
+		echo 6060842 >jobname &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs: $(cat jobname)\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build a job
+		make_job $(cat jobname) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		# make sure Jobs line and all following is gone
+		sed "/^Jobs:/,\$d" msg >jmsg &&
+		test_cmp jmsg pmsg &&
+		# make sure p4 knows about job
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump job0 >job0 &&
+		test_cmp jobname job0
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs and values on separate lines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc5 >desc5 &&
+		git add desc5 &&
+		echo PROJ-6060842 >jobname1 &&
+		echo PROJ-6060847 >jobname2 &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs:\n" &&
+			printf "\t$(cat jobname1)\n" &&
+			printf "\t$(cat jobname2)\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build two jobs
+		make_job $(cat jobname1) &&
+		make_job $(cat jobname2) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		# make sure Jobs line and all following is gone
+		sed "/^Jobs:/,\$d" msg >jmsg &&
+		test_cmp jmsg pmsg &&
+		# make sure p4 knows about the two jobs
+		p4 -G describe $change >change &&
+		(
+			marshal_dump job0 <change &&
+			marshal_dump job1 <change
+		) | sort >jobs &&
+		cat jobname1 jobname2 | sort >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected jobs
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs section and bogus following text' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc6 >desc6 &&
+		git add desc6 &&
+		echo 6060843 >jobname &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs: $(cat jobname)\n" &&
+			printf "MoreJunk: 3711\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build a job
+		make_job $(cat jobname) &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 submit 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Unknown field name" err
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 revert desc6 &&
+		rm -f desc6
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit --prepare-p4-only' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo prep-only-add >prep-only-add &&
+		git add prep-only-add &&
+		git commit -m "prep only add" &&
+		git p4 submit --prepare-p4-only >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "prepared for submission" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "must be deleted" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! "everything below this line is just the diff" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file prep-only-add &&
+		p4 fstat -T action prep-only-add | grep -w add
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9807-submit.sh b/t/t9807-submit.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 2cb724e14c..0000000000
--- a/t/t9807-submit.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='git-p4 submit'
-
-. ./lib-git-p4.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
-	start_p4d
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'init depot' '
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo file1 >file1 &&
-		p4 add file1 &&
-		p4 submit -d "change 1"
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'submit with no client dir' '
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		echo file2 >file2 &&
-		git add file2 &&
-		git commit -m "git commit 2" &&
-		rm -rf "$cli" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
-	kill_p4d
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t9808-chdir.sh b/t/t9808-chdir.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index eb8cc9523e..0000000000
--- a/t/t9808-chdir.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='git-p4 relative chdir'
-
-. ./lib-git-p4.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
-	start_p4d
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'init depot' '
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo file1 >file1 &&
-		p4 add file1 &&
-		p4 submit -d "change 1"
-	)
-'
-
-# P4 reads from P4CONFIG file to find its server params, if the
-# environment variable is set
-test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and absolute dir clone' '
-	printf "P4PORT=$P4PORT\nP4CLIENT=$P4CLIENT\n" >p4config &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4config\"" &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		P4CONFIG=p4config && export P4CONFIG &&
-		unset P4PORT P4CLIENT &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --verbose --dest="$git" //depot
-	)
-'
-
-# same thing, but with relative directory name, note missing $ on --dest
-test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and relative dir clone' '
-	printf "P4PORT=$P4PORT\nP4CLIENT=$P4CLIENT\n" >p4config &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4config\"" &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		P4CONFIG=p4config && export P4CONFIG &&
-		unset P4PORT P4CLIENT &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --verbose --dest="git" //depot
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
-	kill_p4d
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..11d2b5102c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 relative chdir'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "change 1"
+	)
+'
+
+# P4 reads from P4CONFIG file to find its server params, if the
+# environment variable is set
+test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and absolute dir clone' '
+	printf "P4PORT=$P4PORT\nP4CLIENT=$P4CLIENT\n" >p4config &&
+	test_when_finished "rm p4config" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		P4CONFIG=p4config && export P4CONFIG &&
+		sane_unset P4PORT P4CLIENT &&
+		git p4 clone --verbose --dest="$git" //depot
+	)
+'
+
+# same thing, but with relative directory name, note missing $ on --dest
+test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and relative dir clone' '
+	printf "P4PORT=$P4PORT\nP4CLIENT=$P4CLIENT\n" >p4config &&
+	test_when_finished "rm p4config" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		P4CONFIG=p4config && export P4CONFIG &&
+		sane_unset P4PORT P4CLIENT &&
+		git p4 clone --verbose --dest="git" //depot
+	)
+'
+
+# Common setup using .p4config to set P4CLIENT and P4PORT breaks
+# if clone destination is relative.  Make sure that chdir() expands
+# the relative path in --dest to absolute.
+test_expect_success 'p4 client root would be relative due to clone --dest' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		echo P4PORT=$P4PORT >git/.p4config &&
+		P4CONFIG=.p4config &&
+		export P4CONFIG &&
+		unset P4PORT &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="git" //depot
+	)
+'
+
+# When the p4 client Root is a symlink, make sure chdir() does not use
+# getcwd() to convert it to a physical path.
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'p4 client root symlink should stay symbolic' '
+	physical="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/physical" &&
+	symbolic="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$physical\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm \"$symbolic\"" &&
+	mkdir -p "$physical" &&
+	ln -s "$physical" "$symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		P4CLIENT=client-sym &&
+		p4 client -i <<-EOF &&
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
+		Root: $symbolic
+		LineEnd: unix
+		View: //depot/... //$P4CLIENT/...
+		EOF
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..897b3c3034
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,843 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 client view'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+#
+# Verify these files exist, exactly.  Caller creates
+# a list of files in file "files".
+#
+check_files_exist() {
+	ok=0 &&
+	num=$# &&
+	for arg ; do
+		test_path_is_file "$arg" &&
+		ok=$(($ok + 1))
+	done &&
+	test $ok -eq $num &&
+	test_line_count = $num files
+}
+
+#
+# Sync up the p4 client, make sure the given files (and only
+# those) exist.
+#
+client_verify() {
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		find . -type f ! -name files >files &&
+		check_files_exist "$@"
+	)
+}
+
+#
+# Make sure the named files, exactly, exist.
+#
+git_verify() {
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git ls-files >files &&
+		check_files_exist "$@"
+	)
+}
+
+# //depot
+#   - dir1
+#     - file11
+#     - file12
+#   - dir2
+#     - file21
+#     - file22
+init_depot() {
+	for d in 1 2 ; do
+		mkdir -p dir$d &&
+		for f in 1 2 ; do
+			echo dir$d/file$d$f >dir$d/file$d$f &&
+			p4 add dir$d/file$d$f &&
+			p4 submit -d "dir$d/file$d$f"
+		done
+	done &&
+	find . -type f ! -name files >files &&
+	check_files_exist dir1/file11 dir1/file12 \
+			  dir2/file21 dir2/file22
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		init_depot
+	)
+'
+
+# double % for printf
+test_expect_success 'view wildcard %%n' '
+	client_view "//depot/%%%%1/sub/... //client/sub/%%%%1/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'view wildcard *' '
+	client_view "//depot/*/bar/... //client/*/bar/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard ... in the middle' '
+	client_view "//depot/.../file11 //client/.../file11" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard ... in the middle and at the end' '
+	client_view "//depot/.../a/... //client/.../a/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'basic map' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli1/..." &&
+	files="cli1/file11 cli1/file12" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'client view with no mappings' '
+	client_view &&
+	client_verify &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single file map' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/file11 //client/file11" &&
+	files="file11" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'later mapping takes precedence (entire repo)' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli1/..." \
+		    "//depot/... //client/cli2/..." &&
+	files="cli2/dir1/file11 cli2/dir1/file12
+	       cli2/dir2/file21 cli2/dir2/file22" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'later mapping takes precedence (partial repo)' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/..." \
+		    "//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file21 file22" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+# Reading the view backwards,
+#   dir2 goes to cli12
+#   dir1 cannot go to cli12 since it was filled by dir2
+#   dir1 also does not go to cli3, since the second rule
+#     noticed that it matched, but was already filled
+test_expect_success 'depot path matching rejected client path' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli3/..." \
+		    "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli12/..." \
+		    "//depot/dir2/... //client/cli12/..." &&
+	files="cli12/file21 cli12/file22" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+# since both have the same //client/..., the exclusion
+# rule keeps everything out
+test_expect_success 'exclusion wildcard, client rhs same (odd)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	client_verify &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exclusion wildcard, client rhs different (normal)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/dir2/... //client/dir2/..." &&
+	files="dir1/file11 dir1/file12" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exclusion single file' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/dir2/file22 //client/file22" &&
+	files="dir1/file11 dir1/file12 dir2/file21" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay wildcard' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/..." &&
+	files="cli/file11 cli/file12 cli/file21 cli/file22" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay single file' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/file21 //client/cli/file21" &&
+	files="cli/file11 cli/file12 cli/file21" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exclusion with later inclusion' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/dir2/... //client/dir2/..." \
+		    "//depot/dir2/... //client/dir2incl/..." &&
+	files="dir1/file11 dir1/file12 dir2incl/file21 dir2incl/file22" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'quotes on rhs only' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... \"//client/cdir 1/...\"" &&
+	client_verify "cdir 1/file11" "cdir 1/file12" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify "cdir 1/file11" "cdir 1/file12"
+'
+
+#
+# Submit tests
+#
+
+# clone sets variable
+test_expect_success 'clone --use-client-spec sets useClientSpec' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config --bool git-p4.useClientSpec >actual &&
+		echo true >true &&
+		test_cmp actual true
+	)
+'
+
+# clone just a subdir of the client spec
+test_expect_success 'subdir clone' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	files="dir1/file11 dir1/file12 dir2/file21 dir2/file22" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	git_verify dir1/file11 dir1/file12
+'
+
+#
+# submit back, see what happens:  five cases
+#
+test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit modify' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo line >>dir1/file12 &&
+		git add dir1/file12 &&
+		git commit -m dir1/file12 &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/file12 &&
+		test_line_count = 2 dir1/file12
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit add' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo file13 >dir1/file13 &&
+		git add dir1/file13 &&
+		git commit -m dir1/file13 &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/file13
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit delete' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git rm dir1/file12 &&
+		git commit -m "delete dir1/file12" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing dir1/file12
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit copy' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		cp dir1/file11 dir1/file11a &&
+		git add dir1/file11a &&
+		git commit -m "copy to dir1/file11a" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/file11a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file11a
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit rename' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git mv dir1/file13 dir1/file13a &&
+		git commit -m "rename dir1/file13 to dir1/file13a" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing dir1/file13 &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/file13a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file13a
+	)
+'
+
+# see t9800 for the non-client-spec case, and the rest of the wildcard tests
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, client-spec case' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo git-wild-hash >dir1/git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo git-wild-at >dir1/git-wild@at &&
+		echo git-wild-percent >dir1/git-wild%percent &&
+		git add dir1/git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "add some wildcard filenames" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild%percent
+	) &&
+	(
+		# delete these carefully, cannot just do "p4 delete"
+		# on files with wildcards; but git-p4 knows how
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm dir1/git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "clean up the wildcards" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reinit depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		rm files &&
+		p4 delete */* &&
+		p4 submit -d "delete all files" &&
+		init_depot
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# What happens when two files of the same name are overlayed together?
+# The last-listed file should take preference.
+#
+# //depot
+#   - dir1
+#     - file11
+#     - file12
+#     - filecollide
+#   - dir2
+#     - file21
+#     - file22
+#     - filecollide
+#
+test_expect_success 'overlay collision setup' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir1/filecollide >dir1/filecollide &&
+		p4 add dir1/filecollide &&
+		p4 submit -d dir1/filecollide &&
+		echo dir2/filecollide >dir2/filecollide &&
+		p4 add dir2/filecollide &&
+		p4 submit -d dir2/filecollide
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay collision 1 to 2' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 filecollide" &&
+	echo dir2/filecollide >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/filecollide &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$git"/filecollide
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'overlay collision 2 to 1' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir1/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 filecollide" &&
+	echo dir1/filecollide >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/filecollide &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$git"/filecollide
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay collision delete 2' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		p4 delete dir2/filecollide &&
+		p4 submit -d "remove dir2/filecollide"
+	)
+'
+
+# no filecollide, got deleted with dir2
+test_expect_failure 'overlay collision 1 to 2, but 2 deleted' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay collision update 1' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/dir1/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		p4 open dir1/filecollide &&
+		echo dir1/filecollide update >dir1/filecollide &&
+		p4 submit -d "update dir1/filecollide"
+	)
+'
+
+# still no filecollide, dir2 still wins with the deletion even though the
+# change to dir1 is more recent
+test_expect_failure 'overlay collision 1 to 2, but 2 deleted, then 1 updated' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay collision delete filecollides' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		p4 delete dir1/filecollide dir2/filecollide &&
+		p4 submit -d "remove filecollides"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Overlays as part of sync, rather than initial checkout:
+#   1.  add a file in dir1
+#   2.  sync to include it
+#   3.  add same file in dir2
+#   4.  sync, make sure content switches as dir2 has priority
+#   5.  add another file in dir1
+#   6.  sync
+#   7.  add/delete same file in dir2
+#   8.  sync, make sure it disappears, again dir2 wins
+#   9.  cleanup
+#
+# //depot
+#   - dir1
+#     - file11
+#     - file12
+#     - colA
+#     - colB
+#   - dir2
+#     - file21
+#     - file22
+#     - colA
+#     - colB
+#
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: add colA in dir1' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/dir1/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir1/colA >dir1/colA &&
+		p4 add dir1/colA &&
+		p4 submit -d dir1/colA
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: initial git checkout' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 colA" &&
+	echo dir1/colA >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colA &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$git"/colA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: add colA in dir2' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/dir2/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir2/colA >dir2/colA &&
+		p4 add dir2/colA &&
+		p4 submit -d dir2/colA
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: colA content switch' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 colA" &&
+	echo dir2/colA >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colA &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git merge --ff-only p4/master
+	) &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$git"/colA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: add colB in dir1' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/dir1/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir1/colB >dir1/colB &&
+		p4 add dir1/colB &&
+		p4 submit -d dir1/colB
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: colB appears' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 colA colB" &&
+	echo dir1/colB >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colB &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git merge --ff-only p4/master
+	) &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$git"/colB
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: add/delete colB in dir2' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/dir2/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir2/colB >dir2/colB &&
+		p4 add dir2/colB &&
+		p4 submit -d dir2/colB &&
+		p4 delete dir2/colB &&
+		p4 submit -d "delete dir2/colB"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: colB disappears' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 colA" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git merge --ff-only p4/master
+	) &&
+	git_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync: cleanup' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		p4 delete dir1/colA dir2/colA dir1/colB &&
+		p4 submit -d "remove overlay sync files"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Overlay tests again, but swapped so dir1 has priority.
+#   1.  add a file in dir1
+#   2.  sync to include it
+#   3.  add same file in dir2
+#   4.  sync, make sure content does not switch
+#   5.  add another file in dir1
+#   6.  sync
+#   7.  add/delete same file in dir2
+#   8.  sync, make sure it is still there
+#   9.  cleanup
+#
+# //depot
+#   - dir1
+#     - file11
+#     - file12
+#     - colA
+#     - colB
+#   - dir2
+#     - file21
+#     - file22
+#     - colA
+#     - colB
+#
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: add colA in dir1' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/dir1/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir1/colA >dir1/colA &&
+		p4 add dir1/colA &&
+		p4 submit -d dir1/colA
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: initial git checkout' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir1/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 colA" &&
+	echo dir1/colA >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colA &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$git"/colA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: add colA in dir2' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/dir2/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir2/colA >dir2/colA &&
+		p4 add dir2/colA &&
+		p4 submit -d dir2/colA
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'overlay sync swap: colA no content switch' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir1/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 colA" &&
+	echo dir1/colA >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colA &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git merge --ff-only p4/master
+	) &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$git"/colA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: add colB in dir1' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/dir1/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir1/colB >dir1/colB &&
+		p4 add dir1/colB &&
+		p4 submit -d dir1/colB
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: colB appears' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir1/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 colA colB" &&
+	echo dir1/colB >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colB &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git merge --ff-only p4/master
+	) &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$git"/colB
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: add/delete colB in dir2' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/dir2/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		echo dir2/colB >dir2/colB &&
+		p4 add dir2/colB &&
+		p4 submit -d dir2/colB &&
+		p4 delete dir2/colB &&
+		p4 submit -d "delete dir2/colB"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'overlay sync swap: colB no change' '
+	client_view "//depot/dir2/... //client/..." \
+		    "+//depot/dir1/... //client/..." &&
+	files="file11 file12 file21 file22 colA colB" &&
+	echo dir1/colB >actual &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colB &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git merge --ff-only p4/master
+	) &&
+	git_verify $files &&
+	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colB
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: cleanup' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		p4 delete dir1/colA dir2/colA dir1/colB &&
+		p4 submit -d "remove overlay sync files"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Rename directories to test quoting in depot-side mappings
+# //depot
+#    - "dir 1"
+#       - file11
+#       - file12
+#    - "dir 2"
+#       - file21
+#       - file22
+#
+test_expect_success 'rename files to introduce spaces' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	client_verify dir1/file11 dir1/file12 \
+		      dir2/file21 dir2/file22 &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open dir1/... &&
+		p4 move dir1/... "dir 1"/... &&
+		p4 open dir2/... &&
+		p4 move dir2/... "dir 2"/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "rename with spaces"
+	) &&
+	client_verify "dir 1/file11" "dir 1/file12" \
+		      "dir 2/file21" "dir 2/file22"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'quotes on lhs only' '
+	client_view "\"//depot/dir 1/...\" //client/cdir1/..." &&
+	files="cdir1/file11 cdir1/file12" &&
+	client_verify $files &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	client_verify $files
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'quotes on both sides' '
+	client_view "\"//depot/dir 1/...\" \"//client/cdir 1/...\"" &&
+	client_verify "cdir 1/file11" "cdir 1/file12" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git_verify "cdir 1/file11" "cdir 1/file12"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8134ab439b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 rcs keywords'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+#
+# Make one file with keyword lines at the top, and
+# enough plain text to be able to test modifications
+# far away from the keywords.
+#
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		cat <<-\EOF >filek &&
+		$Id$
+		/* $Revision$ */
+		# $Change$
+		line4
+		line5
+		line6
+		line7
+		line8
+		EOF
+		sed "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" <filek >fileko &&
+		sed "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" <fileko >file_text &&
+		p4 add -t text+k filek &&
+		p4 submit -d "filek" &&
+		p4 add -t text+ko fileko &&
+		p4 submit -d "fileko" &&
+		p4 add -t text file_text &&
+		p4 submit -d "file_text"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Generate these in a function to make it easy to use single quote marks.
+#
+write_scrub_scripts () {
+	cat >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/scrub_k.py" <<-\EOF &&
+	import re, sys
+	sys.stdout.write(re.sub(r'(?i)\$(Id|Header|Author|Date|DateTime|Change|File|Revision):[^$]*\$', r'$\1$', sys.stdin.read()))
+	EOF
+	cat >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/scrub_ko.py" <<-\EOF
+	import re, sys
+	sys.stdout.write(re.sub(r'(?i)\$(Id|Header):[^$]*\$', r'$\1$', sys.stdin.read()))
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'scrub scripts' '
+	write_scrub_scripts
+'
+
+#
+# Compare $cli/file to its scrubbed version, should be different.
+# Compare scrubbed $cli/file to $git/file, should be same.
+#
+scrub_k_check () {
+	file="$1" &&
+	scrub="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/$file" &&
+	"$PYTHON_PATH" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/scrub_k.py" <"$git/$file" >"$scrub" &&
+	! test_cmp "$cli/$file" "$scrub" &&
+	test_cmp "$git/$file" "$scrub" &&
+	rm "$scrub"
+}
+scrub_ko_check () {
+	file="$1" &&
+	scrub="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/$file" &&
+	"$PYTHON_PATH" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/scrub_ko.py" <"$git/$file" >"$scrub" &&
+	! test_cmp "$cli/$file" "$scrub" &&
+	test_cmp "$git/$file" "$scrub" &&
+	rm "$scrub"
+}
+
+#
+# Modify far away from keywords.  If no RCS lines show up
+# in the diff, there is no conflict.
+#
+test_expect_success 'edit far away from RCS lines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		sed "s/^line7/line7 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
+		git commit -m "filek line7 edit" filek &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		scrub_k_check filek
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Modify near the keywords.  This will require RCS scrubbing.
+#
+test_expect_success 'edit near RCS lines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
+		git commit -m "filek line4 edit" filek &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		scrub_k_check filek
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Modify the keywords themselves.  This also will require RCS scrubbing.
+#
+test_expect_success 'edit keyword lines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		sed "/Revision/d" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
+		git commit -m "filek remove Revision line" filek &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		scrub_k_check filek
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Scrubbing text+ko files should not alter all keywords, just Id, Header.
+#
+test_expect_success 'scrub ko files differently' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <fileko >fileko.tmp &&
+		mv -f fileko.tmp fileko &&
+		git commit -m "fileko line4 edit" fileko &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		scrub_ko_check fileko &&
+		! scrub_k_check fileko
+	)
+'
+
+# hack; git p4 submit should do it on its own
+test_expect_success 'cleanup after failure' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 revert ...
+	)
+'
+
+# perl $File:: bug check
+test_expect_success 'ktext expansion should not expand multi-line $File::' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		cat >lv.pm <<-\EOF
+		my $wanted = sub { my $f = $File::Find::name;
+				    if ( -f && $f =~ /foo/ ) {
+		EOF
+		p4 add -t ktext lv.pm &&
+		p4 submit -d "lv.pm"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_cmp "$cli/lv.pm" lv.pm
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Do not scrub anything but +k or +ko files.  Sneak a change into
+# the cli file so that submit will get a conflict.  Make sure that
+# scrubbing doesn't make a mess of things.
+#
+# This might happen only if the git repo is behind the p4 repo at
+# submit time, and there is a conflict.
+#
+test_expect_success 'do not scrub plain text' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+		mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
+		git commit -m "file_text line4 edit" file_text &&
+		(
+			cd "$cli" &&
+			p4 open file_text &&
+			sed "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+			mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
+			p4 submit -d "file5 p4 edit"
+		) &&
+		echo s | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
+		(
+			# make sure the file is not left open
+			cd "$cli" &&
+			! p4 fstat -T action file_text
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+# hack; git p4 submit should do it on its own
+test_expect_success 'cleanup after failure 2' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 revert ...
+	)
+'
+
+create_kw_file () {
+	cat <<\EOF >"$1"
+/* A file
+	Id: $Id$
+	Revision: $Revision$
+	File: $File$
+ */
+int main(int argc, const char **argv) {
+	return 0;
+}
+EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'add kwfile' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "file 1" &&
+		create_kw_file kwfile1.c &&
+		p4 add kwfile1.c &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add rcw kw file" kwfile1.c
+	)
+'
+
+p4_append_to_file () {
+	f="$1" &&
+	p4 edit -t ktext "$f" &&
+	echo "/* $(date) */" >>"$f" &&
+	p4 submit -d "appending a line in p4"
+}
+
+# Create some files with RCS keywords. If they get modified
+# elsewhere then the version number gets bumped which then
+# results in a merge conflict if we touch the RCS kw lines,
+# even though the change itself would otherwise apply cleanly.
+test_expect_success 'cope with rcs keyword expansion damage' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		(cd "$cli" && p4_append_to_file kwfile1.c) &&
+		old_lines=$(wc -l <kwfile1.c) &&
+		perl -n -i -e "print unless m/Revision:/" kwfile1.c &&
+		new_lines=$(wc -l <kwfile1.c) &&
+		test $new_lines = $(($old_lines - 1)) &&
+
+		git add kwfile1.c &&
+		git commit -m "Zap an RCS kw line" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		git p4 rebase &&
+		git diff p4/master &&
+		git p4 commit &&
+		echo "try modifying in both" &&
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 edit kwfile1.c &&
+		echo "line from p4" >>kwfile1.c &&
+		p4 submit -d "add a line in p4" kwfile1.c &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo "line from git at the top" | cat - kwfile1.c >kwfile1.c.new &&
+		mv kwfile1.c.new kwfile1.c &&
+		git commit -m "Add line in git at the top" kwfile1.c &&
+		git p4 rebase &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cope with rcs keyword file deletion' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo "\$Revision\$" >kwdelfile.c &&
+		p4 add -t ktext kwdelfile.c &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file to be deleted" &&
+		cat kwdelfile.c &&
+		grep 1 kwdelfile.c
+	) &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		grep Revision kwdelfile.c &&
+		git rm -f kwdelfile.c &&
+		git commit -m "Delete a file containing RCS keywords" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		! test -f kwdelfile.c
+	)
+'
+
+# If you add keywords in git of the form $Header$ then everything should
+# work fine without any special handling.
+test_expect_success 'Add keywords in git which match the default p4 values' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo "NewKW: \$Revision\$" >>kwfile1.c &&
+		git add kwfile1.c &&
+		git commit -m "Adding RCS keywords in git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		test -f kwfile1.c &&
+		grep "NewKW.*Revision.*[0-9]" kwfile1.c
+
+	)
+'
+
+# If you add keywords in git of the form $Header:#1$ then things will fail
+# unless git-p4 takes steps to scrub the *git* commit.
+#
+test_expect_failure 'Add keywords in git which do not match the default p4 values' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo "NewKW2: \$Revision:1\$" >>kwfile1.c &&
+		git add kwfile1.c &&
+		git commit -m "Adding RCS keywords in git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		grep "NewKW2.*Revision.*[0-9]" kwfile1.c
+
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9811-git-p4-label-import.sh b/t/t9811-git-p4-label-import.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..decb66ba30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9811-git-p4-label-import.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 label tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# Basic p4 label import tests.
+#
+test_expect_success 'basic p4 labels' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p main &&
+
+		echo f1 >main/f1 &&
+		p4 add main/f1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f1" &&
+
+		echo f2 >main/f2 &&
+		p4 add main/f2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f2" &&
+
+		echo f3 >main/file_with_\$metachar &&
+		p4 add main/file_with_\$metachar &&
+		p4 submit -d "file with metachar" &&
+
+		p4 tag -l TAG_F1_ONLY main/f1 &&
+		p4 tag -l TAG_WITH\$_SHELL_CHAR main/... &&
+		p4 tag -l this_tag_will_be\ skipped main/... &&
+
+		echo f4 >main/f4 &&
+		p4 add main/f4 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f4" &&
+
+		p4 label -i <<-EOF &&
+		Label: TAG_LONG_LABEL
+		Description:
+		   A Label first line
+		   A Label second line
+		View:	//depot/...
+		EOF
+
+		p4 tag -l TAG_LONG_LABEL ... &&
+
+		p4 labels ... &&
+
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.labelImportRegexp ".*TAG.*" &&
+		git p4 sync --import-labels --verbose &&
+
+		git tag &&
+		git tag >taglist &&
+		test_line_count = 3 taglist &&
+
+		cd main &&
+		git checkout TAG_F1_ONLY &&
+		! test -f f2 &&
+		git checkout TAG_WITH\$_SHELL_CHAR &&
+		test -f f1 && test -f f2 && test -f file_with_\$metachar &&
+
+		git show TAG_LONG_LABEL | grep -q "A Label second line"
+	)
+'
+# Test some label corner cases:
+#
+# - two tags on the same file; both should be available
+# - a tag that is only on one file; this kind of tag
+#   cannot be imported (at least not easily).
+
+test_expect_success 'two labels on the same changelist' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p main &&
+
+		p4 edit main/f1 main/f2 &&
+		echo "hello world" >main/f1 &&
+		echo "not in the tag" >main/f2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f[12]: testing two labels" &&
+
+		p4 tag -l TAG_F1_1 main/... &&
+		p4 tag -l TAG_F1_2 main/... &&
+
+		p4 labels ... &&
+
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --import-labels &&
+
+		git tag | grep TAG_F1 &&
+		git tag | grep -q TAG_F1_1 &&
+		git tag | grep -q TAG_F1_2 &&
+
+		cd main &&
+
+		git checkout TAG_F1_1 &&
+		ls &&
+		test -f f1 &&
+
+		git checkout TAG_F1_2 &&
+		ls &&
+		test -f f1
+	)
+'
+
+# Export some git tags to p4
+test_expect_success 'export git tags to p4' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git tag -m "A tag created in git:xyzzy" GIT_TAG_1 &&
+		echo "hello world" >main/f10 &&
+		git add main/f10 &&
+		git commit -m "Adding file for export test" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		git tag -m "Another git tag" GIT_TAG_2 &&
+		git tag LIGHTWEIGHT_TAG &&
+		git p4 rebase --import-labels --verbose &&
+		git p4 submit --export-labels --verbose
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		p4 labels ... | grep GIT_TAG_1 &&
+		p4 labels ... | grep GIT_TAG_2 &&
+		p4 labels ... | grep LIGHTWEIGHT_TAG &&
+		p4 label -o GIT_TAG_1 | grep "tag created in git:xyzzy" &&
+		p4 sync ...@GIT_TAG_1 &&
+		! test -f main/f10
+		p4 sync ...@GIT_TAG_2 &&
+		test -f main/f10
+	)
+'
+
+# Export a tag from git where an affected file is deleted later on
+# Need to create git tags after rebase, since only then can the
+# git commits be mapped to p4 changelists.
+test_expect_success 'export git tags to p4 with deletion' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --import-labels &&
+		echo "deleted file" >main/deleted_file &&
+		git add main/deleted_file &&
+		git commit -m "create deleted file" &&
+		git rm main/deleted_file &&
+		echo "new file" >main/f11 &&
+		git add main/f11 &&
+		git commit -m "delete the deleted file" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		git p4 rebase --import-labels --verbose &&
+		git tag -m "tag on deleted file" GIT_TAG_ON_DELETED HEAD~1 &&
+		git tag -m "tag after deletion" GIT_TAG_AFTER_DELETION HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit --export-labels --verbose
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		p4 sync ...@GIT_TAG_ON_DELETED &&
+		test -f main/deleted_file &&
+		p4 sync ...@GIT_TAG_AFTER_DELETION &&
+		! test -f main/deleted_file &&
+		echo "checking label contents" &&
+		p4 label -o GIT_TAG_ON_DELETED | grep "tag on deleted file"
+	)
+'
+
+# Create a tag in git that cannot be exported to p4
+test_expect_success 'tag that cannot be exported' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git checkout -b a_branch &&
+		echo "hello" >main/f12 &&
+		git add main/f12 &&
+		git commit -m "adding f12" &&
+		git tag -m "tag on a_branch" GIT_TAG_ON_A_BRANCH &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git p4 submit --export-labels
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		!(p4 labels | grep GIT_TAG_ON_A_BRANCH)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use git config to enable import/export of tags' '
+	git p4 clone --verbose --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.exportLabels true &&
+		git config git-p4.importLabels true &&
+		git tag CFG_A_GIT_TAG &&
+		git p4 rebase --verbose &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose &&
+		git tag &&
+		git tag | grep TAG_F1_1
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 labels &&
+		p4 labels | grep CFG_A_GIT_TAG
+	)
+'
+
+p4_head_revision() {
+	p4 changes -m 1 "$@" | awk '{print $2}'
+}
+
+# Importing a label that references a P4 commit that
+# has not been seen. The presence of a label on a commit
+# we haven't seen should not cause git-p4 to fail. It should
+# merely skip that label, and still import other labels.
+test_expect_success 'importing labels with missing revisions' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		rm -fr "$cli" "$git" &&
+		mkdir "$cli" &&
+		P4CLIENT=missing-revision &&
+		client_view "//depot/missing-revision/... //missing-revision/..." &&
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		>f1 && p4 add f1 && p4 submit -d "start" &&
+
+		p4 tag -l TAG_S0 ... &&
+
+		>f2 && p4 add f2 && p4 submit -d "second" &&
+
+		startrev=$(p4_head_revision //depot/missing-revision/...) &&
+
+		>f3 && p4 add f3 && p4 submit -d "third" &&
+
+		p4 edit f2 && date >f2 && p4 submit -d "change" f2 &&
+
+		endrev=$(p4_head_revision //depot/missing-revision/...) &&
+
+		p4 tag -l TAG_S1 ... &&
+
+		# we should skip TAG_S0 since it is before our startpoint,
+		# but pick up TAG_S1.
+
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --import-labels -v \
+			//depot/missing-revision/...@$startrev,$endrev &&
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			git rev-parse TAG_S1 &&
+			! git rev-parse TAG_S0
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0206771fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 wildcards'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add p4 files with wildcards in the names' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		printf "file2\nhas\nsome\nrandom\ntext\n" >file2 &&
+		p4 add file2 &&
+		echo file-wild-hash >file-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo file-wild-at >file-wild@at &&
+		echo file-wild-percent >file-wild%percent &&
+		p4 add -f file-wild* &&
+		p4 submit -d "file wildcards"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files git p4 clone' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test -f file-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test -f file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test -f file-wild@at &&
+		test -f file-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, add' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo git-wild-hash >git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo git-wild-at >git-wild@at &&
+		echo git-wild-percent >git-wild%percent &&
+		git add git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "add some wildcard filenames" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, modify' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo new-line >>git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild@at &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild%percent &&
+		git add git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "modify the wildcard files" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_line_count = 2 git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild@at &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, copy' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp file2 git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		git add git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		cp git-wild#hash file-wild-3 &&
+		git add file-wild-3 &&
+		git commit -m "wildcard copies" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		test_path_is_file file-wild-3
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, rename' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv git-wild@at file-wild-4 &&
+		git mv file-wild-3 git-wild-cp%percent &&
+		git commit -m "wildcard renames" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild-cp%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, delete' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "delete the wildcard files" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_missing git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'p4 deleted a wildcard file' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo "wild delete test" >wild@delete &&
+		p4 add -f wild@delete &&
+		p4 submit -d "add wild@delete"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_file wild@delete
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# must use its encoded name
+		p4 delete wild%40delete &&
+		p4 submit -d "delete wild@delete"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync &&
+		git merge --ff-only p4/master &&
+		test_path_is_missing wild@delete
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files requiring keyword scrub' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		cat <<-\EOF >scrub@wild &&
+		$Id$
+		line2
+		EOF
+		p4 add -t text+k -f scrub@wild &&
+		p4 submit -d "scrub at wild"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		sed "s/^line2/line2 edit/" <scrub@wild >scrub@wild.tmp &&
+		mv -f scrub@wild.tmp scrub@wild &&
+		git commit -m "scrub at wild line2 edit" scrub@wild &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh b/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0fe2312807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 preserve users'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		echo file2 >file2 &&
+		p4 add file1 file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add files"
+	)
+'
+
+p4_grant_admin() {
+	name=$1 &&
+	{
+		p4 protect -o &&
+		echo "    admin user $name * //depot/..."
+	} | p4 protect -i
+}
+
+p4_check_commit_author() {
+	file=$1 user=$2 &&
+	p4 changes -m 1 //depot/$file | grep -q $user
+}
+
+make_change_by_user() {
+	file=$1 name=$2 email=$3 &&
+	echo "username: a change by $name" >>"$file" &&
+	git add "$file" &&
+	git commit --author "$name <$email>" -m "a change by $name"
+}
+
+# Test username support, submitting as user 'alice'
+test_expect_success 'preserve users' '
+	p4_add_user alice &&
+	p4_add_user bob &&
+	p4_grant_admin alice &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo "username: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
+		echo "username: a change by bob" >>file2 &&
+		git commit --author "Alice <alice@example.com>" -m "a change by alice" file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Bob <bob@example.com>" -m "a change by bob" file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		P4EDITOR="test-chmtime +5" P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file2 bob
+	)
+'
+
+# Test username support, submitting as bob, who lacks admin rights. Should
+# not submit change to p4 (git diff should show deltas).
+test_expect_success 'refuse to preserve users without perms' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		echo "username-noperms: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Alice <alice@example.com>" -m "perms: a change by alice" file1 &&
+		P4EDITOR="test-chmtime +5" P4USER=bob P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master
+	)
+'
+
+# What happens with unknown author? Without allowMissingP4Users it should fail.
+test_expect_success 'preserve user where author is unknown to p4' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		echo "username-bob: a change by bob" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Bob <bob@example.com>" -m "preserve: a change by bob" file1 &&
+		echo "username-unknown: a change by charlie" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Charlie <charlie@example.com>" -m "preserve: a change by charlie" file1 &&
+		P4EDITOR="test-chmtime +5" P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
+
+		echo "$0: repeat with allowMissingP4Users enabled" &&
+		git config git-p4.allowMissingP4Users true &&
+		git config git-p4.preserveUser true &&
+		git p4 commit &&
+		git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice
+	)
+'
+
+# If we're *not* using --preserve-user, git-p4 should warn if we're submitting
+# changes that are not all ours.
+# Test: user in p4 and user unknown to p4.
+# Test: warning disabled and user is the same.
+test_expect_success 'not preserving user with mixed authorship' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		p4_add_user derek &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Derek derek@example.com &&
+		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		grep "git author derek@example.com does not match" &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@example.com &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		grep "git author charlie@example.com does not match" &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 alice alice@example.com &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
+
+		git config git-p4.skipUserNameCheck true &&
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@example.com &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
+
+		p4_check_commit_author usernamefile3 alice
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh b/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c89992cf95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 rename'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# We rely on this behavior to detect for p4 move availability.
+test_expect_success 'p4 help unknown returns 1' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		(
+			p4 help client >errs 2>&1
+			echo $? >retval
+		)
+		echo 0 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected retval &&
+		rm retval &&
+		(
+			p4 help nosuchcommand >errs 2>&1
+			echo $? >retval
+		)
+		echo 1 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected retval &&
+		rm retval
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		cat >file1 <<-EOF &&
+		A large block of text
+		in file1 that will generate
+		enough context so that rename
+		and copy detection will find
+		something interesting to do.
+		EOF
+		cat >file2 <<-EOF &&
+		/*
+		 * This blob looks a bit
+		 * different.
+		 */
+		int main(int argc, char **argv)
+		{
+			char text[200];
+
+			strcpy(text, "copy/rename this");
+			printf("text is %s\n", text);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		EOF
+		p4 add file1 file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add files"
+	)
+'
+
+# Rename a file and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
+# Rename the new file again with detectRenames option enabled and confirm that
+# this is detected in P4.
+# Rename the new file again adding an extra line, configure a big threshold in
+# detectRenames and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
+# Repeat, this time with a smaller threshold and confirm that the rename is
+# detected in P4.
+test_expect_success 'detect renames' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+
+		git mv file1 file4 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file1 to file4" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file4 >filelog &&
+		! grep " from //depot" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file4 file5 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file4 to file5" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file5 >filelog &&
+		grep " from //depot/file4" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file5 file6 &&
+		echo update >>file6 &&
+		git add file6 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file5 to file6 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level + 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file6 >filelog &&
+		! grep " from //depot" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file6 file7 &&
+		echo update >>file7 &&
+		git add file7 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file6 to file7 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level - 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file7 >filelog &&
+		grep " from //depot/file6" filelog
+	)
+'
+
+# Copy a file and confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
+# Copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy is not
+# detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy
+# is detected in P4.
+# Copy a file with detectCopies and detectCopiesHarder options enabled and
+# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file, configure a bigger threshold in detectCopies and
+# confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file, configure a smaller threshold in detectCopies and
+# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
+test_expect_success 'detect copies' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+
+		echo "file8" >>file2 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Differentiate file2" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		cp file2 file8 &&
+		git add file8 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file8" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file8 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file8 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		echo "file9" >>file2 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Differentiate file2" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+
+		cp file2 file9 &&
+		git add file9 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file9" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file9 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file9 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		echo "file10" >>file2 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Differentiate file2" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+
+		echo "file2" >>file2 &&
+		cp file2 file10 &&
+		git add file2 file10 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Modify and copy file2 to file10" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C HEAD | sed 1d | sed 2d | cut -f2) &&
+		test "$src" = file2 &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file10 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file10 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file2" &&
+
+		echo "file11" >>file2 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Differentiate file2" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+
+		cp file2 file11 &&
+		git add file11 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file11" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		test "$src" = file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file11 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file11 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file2" &&
+
+		echo "file12" >>file2 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Differentiate file2" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+
+		cp file2 file12 &&
+		echo "some text" >>file12 &&
+		git add file12 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file12 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		test "$src" = file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level + 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file12 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file12 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		echo "file13" >>file2 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Differentiate file2" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+
+		cp file2 file13 &&
+		echo "different text" >>file13 &&
+		git add file13 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file13 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		test "$src" = file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level - 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file13 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file13 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file2"
+	)
+'
+
+# See if configurables can be set, and in particular if the run.move.allow
+# variable exists, which allows admins to disable the "p4 move" command.
+test_lazy_prereq P4D_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE_RUN_MOVE_ALLOW '
+	p4 configure show run.move.allow >out &&
+	egrep ^run.move.allow: out
+'
+
+# If move can be disabled, turn it off and test p4 move handling
+test_expect_success P4D_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE_RUN_MOVE_ALLOW \
+		    'do not use p4 move when administratively disabled' '
+	test_when_finished "p4 configure set run.move.allow=1" &&
+	p4 configure set run.move.allow=0 &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo move-disallow-file >move-disallow-file &&
+		p4 add move-disallow-file &&
+		p4 submit -d "add move-disallow-file"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git mv move-disallow-file move-disallow-file-moved &&
+		git commit -m "move move-disallow-file" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..37b42d03a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 submit failure handling'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		echo line1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line1 in file1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on one commit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line2 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line2 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		# now this commit should cause a conflict
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo line3 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line3 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on second of two commits' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line3 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line3 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this commit is okay
+		test_commit "first_commit_okay" &&
+		# now this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line4 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line4 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, skip' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line4 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line4 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line5 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line5 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_skip" &&
+		echo s | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, quit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line7 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line7 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line8 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line8 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_quit" &&
+		echo q | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict cli and config options' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=ask &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=skip &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=quit &&
+		test_expect_code 2 git p4 submit --conflict=foo &&
+		test_expect_code 2 git p4 submit --conflict &&
+		git config git-p4.conflict foo &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
+		git config --unset git-p4.conflict &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, --conflict=skip' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line9 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line9 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line10 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line10 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_auto_skip" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit --conflict=skip >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, --conflict=quit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line11 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line11 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line12 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line12 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_auto_quit" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit --conflict=quit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Cleanup after submit fail, all cases.  Some modifications happen
+# before trying to apply the patch.  Make sure these are unwound
+# properly.  Put each one in a diff along with something that will
+# obviously conflict.  Make sure it is back to normal after.
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit p4 populate' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo text file >text &&
+		p4 add text &&
+		echo text+x file >text+x &&
+		chmod 755 text+x &&
+		p4 add text+x &&
+		p4 submit -d "populate p4"
+	)
+'
+
+setup_conflict() {
+	# clone before modifying file1 to force it to conflict
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	# ticks outside subshells
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo $test_tick >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "$test_tick in file1"
+	) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# easy conflict
+		echo $test_tick >>file1 &&
+		git add file1
+		# caller will add more and submit
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo another line >>text &&
+		git add text &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is not open
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup add after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo new file >textnew &&
+		git add textnew &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is not there
+		# and that p4 thinks it is not added
+		#   P4 returns 0 both for "not there but added" and
+		#   "not there", so grep.
+		test_path_is_missing textnew &&
+		p4 fstat -T action textnew 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup delete after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm text+x &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is there
+		test_path_is_file text+x &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text+x
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup copy after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp text text2 &&
+		git add text2 &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		# make sure setup is okay
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | grep text2 | grep C100 &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup rename after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv text text2 &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		# make sure setup is okay
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | grep text2 | grep R100 &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Cleanup after deciding not to submit during editTemplate.  This
+# involves unwinding more work, because files have been added, deleted
+# and chmod-ed now.  Same approach as above.
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line >>text &&
+		git add text &&
+		git commit -m text &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text &&
+		test_cmp "$git"/text text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup add after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line >textnew &&
+		git add textnew &&
+		git commit -m textnew &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing textnew &&
+		p4 fstat -T action textnew 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup delete after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm text &&
+		git commit -m "rm text" &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup copy after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp text text2 &&
+		git add text2 &&
+		git commit -m text2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | grep text2 | grep C100 &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup rename after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv text text2 &&
+		git commit -m text2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | grep text2 | grep R100 &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup chmod after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_chmod +x text &&
+		test_chmod -x text+x &&
+		git add text text+x &&
+		git commit -m "chmod texts" &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text &&
+		test_path_is_file text+x &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text+x &&
+		ls -l text | egrep ^-r-- &&
+		ls -l text+x | egrep ^-r-x
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9816-git-p4-locked.sh b/t/t9816-git-p4-locked.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d048bd33fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9816-git-p4-locked.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 locked file behavior'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# See
+# http://www.perforce.com/perforce/doc.current/manuals/p4sag/03_superuser.html#1088563
+# for suggestions on how to configure "sitewide pessimistic locking"
+# where only one person can have a file open for edit at a time.
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo "TypeMap: +l //depot/..." | p4 typemap -i &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add file1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit with lock not taken' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line2 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line2 in file1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add with lock not taken' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line1 >>add-lock-not-taken &&
+		git add add-lock-not-taken &&
+		git commit -m "add add-lock-not-taken" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+lock_in_another_client() {
+	# build a different client
+	cli2="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2" &&
+	mkdir -p "$cli2" &&
+	test_when_finished "p4 client -f -d client2 && rm -rf \"$cli2\"" &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli2" &&
+		P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		cli="$cli2" &&
+		client_view "//depot/... //client2/..." &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		p4 open file1
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_failure 'edit with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 sync -f file1" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line3 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line3 in file1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'delete with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 sync -f file1" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm file1 &&
+		git commit -m "delete file1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'chmod with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 sync -f file1" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		chmod +x file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "chmod +x file1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copy with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 revert file2 && rm -f file2" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp file1 file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git commit -m "cp file1 to file2" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'move with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 sync file1 && rm -f file2" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv file1 file3 &&
+		git commit -m "mv file1 to file3" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9817-git-p4-exclude.sh b/t/t9817-git-p4-exclude.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..aac568eadf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9817-git-p4-exclude.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 tests for excluded paths during clone and sync'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# Create a repo with the structure:
+#
+#    //depot/wanted/foo
+#    //depot/discard/foo
+#
+# Check that we can exclude a subdirectory with both
+# clone and sync operations.
+
+test_expect_success 'create exclude repo' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p wanted discard &&
+		echo wanted >wanted/foo &&
+		echo discard >discard/foo &&
+		p4 add wanted/foo discard/foo &&
+		p4 submit -d "initial revision"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check the repo was created correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/...@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_file wanted/foo &&
+		test_path_is_file discard/foo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone, excluding part of repo' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone -//depot/discard/... --dest="$git" //depot/...@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_file wanted/foo &&
+		test_path_is_missing discard/foo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone, then sync with exclude' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone -//depot/discard/... --dest="$git" //depot/...@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 edit wanted/foo discard/foo &&
+		date >>wanted/foo &&
+		date >>discard/foo &&
+		p4 submit -d "updating" &&
+
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync -//depot/discard/... &&
+		test_path_is_file wanted/foo &&
+		test_path_is_missing discard/foo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9818-git-p4-block.sh b/t/t9818-git-p4-block.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8840a183ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9818-git-p4-block.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 fetching changes in multiple blocks'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+create_restricted_group() {
+	p4 group -i <<-EOF
+	Group: restricted
+	MaxResults: 7
+	MaxScanRows: 40
+	Users: author
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'Create group with limited maxrows' '
+	create_restricted_group
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create a repo with many changes' '
+	(
+		client_view "//depot/included/... //client/included/..." \
+			    "//depot/excluded/... //client/excluded/..." &&
+		mkdir -p "$cli/included" "$cli/excluded" &&
+		cd "$cli/included" &&
+		>file.txt &&
+		p4 add file.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file.txt" &&
+		for i in $(test_seq 0 5)
+		do
+			>outer$i.txt &&
+			p4 add outer$i.txt &&
+			p4 submit -d "Adding outer$i.txt" &&
+			for j in $(test_seq 0 5)
+			do
+				p4 edit file.txt &&
+				echo $i$j >file.txt &&
+				p4 submit -d "Commit $i$j" || exit
+			done || exit
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Default user cannot fetch changes' '
+	! p4 changes -m 1 //depot/...
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone the repo' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --changes-block-size=7 --verbose //depot/included@all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'All files are present' '
+	echo file.txt >expected &&
+	test_write_lines outer0.txt outer1.txt outer2.txt outer3.txt outer4.txt >>expected &&
+	test_write_lines outer5.txt >>expected &&
+	ls "$git" >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file.txt is correct' '
+	echo 55 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$git/file.txt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Correct number of commits' '
+	(cd "$git" && git log --oneline) >log &&
+	wc -l log &&
+	test_line_count = 43 log
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Previous version of file.txt is correct' '
+	(cd "$git" && git checkout HEAD^^) &&
+	echo 53 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$git/file.txt"
+'
+
+# Test git-p4 sync, with some files outside the client specification.
+
+p4_add_file() {
+	(cd "$cli" &&
+		>$1 &&
+		p4 add $1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "Added file $1" $1
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'Add some more files' '
+	for i in $(test_seq 0 10)
+	do
+		p4_add_file "included/x$i" &&
+		p4_add_file "excluded/x$i"
+	done &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 0 10)
+	do
+		p4_add_file "excluded/y$i"
+	done
+'
+
+# This should pick up the 10 new files in "included", but not be confused
+# by the additional files in "excluded"
+test_expect_success 'Syncing files' '
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --changes-block-size=7 &&
+		git checkout p4/master &&
+		ls -l x* > log &&
+		test_line_count = 11 log
+	)
+'
+
+# Handling of multiple depot paths:
+#    git p4 clone //depot/pathA //depot/pathB
+#
+test_expect_success 'Create a repo with multiple depot paths' '
+	client_view "//depot/pathA/... //client/pathA/..." \
+		    "//depot/pathB/... //client/pathB/..." &&
+	mkdir -p "$cli/pathA" "$cli/pathB" &&
+	for p in pathA pathB
+	do
+		for i in $(test_seq 1 10)
+		do
+			p4_add_file "$p/file$p$i"
+		done
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone repo with multiple depot paths' '
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 clone --changes-block-size=4 //depot/pathA@all //depot/pathB@all \
+			--destination=dest &&
+		ls -1 dest >log &&
+		test_line_count = 20 log
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9819-git-p4-case-folding.sh b/t/t9819-git-p4-case-folding.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d808c008c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9819-git-p4-case-folding.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='interaction with P4 case-folding'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
+	skip_all='skipping P4 case-folding tests; case insensitive file system detected'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d with case folding enabled' '
+	start_p4d -C1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create a repo, name is lowercase' '
+	(
+		client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p lc UC &&
+		>lc/file.txt && >UC/file.txt &&
+		p4 add lc/file.txt UC/file.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add initial lc and UC repos"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check p4 is in case-folding mode' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		>lc/FILE.TXT &&
+		p4 add lc/FILE.TXT &&
+		test_must_fail p4 submit -d "Cannot add file differing only in case" lc/FILE.TXT
+	)
+'
+
+# Check we created the repo properly
+test_expect_success 'Clone lc repo using lc name' '
+	git p4 clone //depot/lc/... &&
+	test_path_is_file lc/file.txt &&
+	git p4 clone //depot/UC/... &&
+	test_path_is_file UC/file.txt
+'
+
+# The clone should fail, since there is no repo called LC, but because
+# we have case-insensitive p4d enabled, it appears to go ahead and work,
+# but leaves an empty git repo in place.
+test_expect_failure 'Clone lc repo using uc name' '
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone //depot/LC/...
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'Clone UC repo with lc name' '
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone //depot/uc/...
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9820-git-p4-editor-handling.sh b/t/t9820-git-p4-editor-handling.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6dc6df032e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9820-git-p4-editor-handling.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 handling of EDITOR'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "file1"
+	)
+'
+
+# Check that the P4EDITOR argument can be given command-line
+# options, which git-p4 will then pass through to the shell.
+test_expect_success 'EDITOR with options' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo change >file1 &&
+		git commit -m "change" file1 &&
+		P4EDITOR=": >\"$git/touched\" && test-chmtime +5" git p4 submit &&
+		test_path_is_file "$git/touched"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9821-git-p4-path-variations.sh b/t/t9821-git-p4-path-variations.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..81e46acfa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9821-git-p4-path-variations.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Clone repositories with path case variations'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d with case folding enabled' '
+	start_p4d -C1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create a repo with path case variations' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		mkdir -p Path/to &&
+		>Path/to/File2.txt &&
+		p4 add Path/to/File2.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file2" &&
+		rm -rf Path &&
+
+		mkdir -p path/TO &&
+		>path/TO/file1.txt &&
+		p4 add path/TO/file1.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file1" &&
+		rm -rf path &&
+
+		mkdir -p path/to &&
+		>path/to/file3.txt &&
+		p4 add path/to/file3.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file3" &&
+		rm -rf path &&
+
+		mkdir -p x-outside-spec &&
+		>x-outside-spec/file4.txt &&
+		p4 add x-outside-spec/file4.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file4" &&
+		rm -rf x-outside-spec
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone root' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config core.ignorecase false &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot &&
+		# This method is used instead of "test -f" to ensure the case is
+		# checked even if the test is executed on case-insensitive file systems.
+		# All files are there as expected although the path cases look random.
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Path/to/File2.txt
+		path/TO/file1.txt
+		path/to/file3.txt
+		x-outside-spec/file4.txt
+		EOF
+		git ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone root (ignorecase)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config core.ignorecase true &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot &&
+		# This method is used instead of "test -f" to ensure the case is
+		# checked even if the test is executed on case-insensitive file systems.
+		# All files are there as expected although the path cases look random.
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		path/TO/File2.txt
+		path/TO/file1.txt
+		path/TO/file3.txt
+		x-outside-spec/file4.txt
+		EOF
+		git ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone root and ignore one file' '
+	client_view \
+		"//depot/... //client/..." \
+		"-//depot/path/TO/file1.txt //client/path/TO/file1.txt" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config core.ignorecase false &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot &&
+		# We ignore one file in the client spec and all path cases change from
+		# "TO" to "to"!
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Path/to/File2.txt
+		path/to/file3.txt
+		x-outside-spec/file4.txt
+		EOF
+		git ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone root and ignore one file (ignorecase)' '
+	client_view \
+		"//depot/... //client/..." \
+		"-//depot/path/TO/file1.txt //client/path/TO/file1.txt" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config core.ignorecase true &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot &&
+		# We ignore one file in the client spec and all path cases change from
+		# "TO" to "to"!
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Path/to/File2.txt
+		Path/to/file3.txt
+		x-outside-spec/file4.txt
+		EOF
+		git ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone path' '
+	client_view "//depot/Path/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config core.ignorecase false &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		to/File2.txt
+		EOF
+		git ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone path (ignorecase)' '
+	client_view "//depot/Path/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config core.ignorecase true &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		TO/File2.txt
+		TO/file1.txt
+		TO/file3.txt
+		EOF
+		git ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+# It looks like P4 determines the path case based on the first file in
+# lexicographical order. Please note the lower case "to" directory for all
+# files triggered through the addition of "File0.txt".
+test_expect_success 'Add a new file and clone path with new file (ignorecase)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p Path/to &&
+		>Path/to/File0.txt &&
+		p4 add Path/to/File0.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file" &&
+		rm -rf Path
+	) &&
+
+	client_view "//depot/Path/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config core.ignorecase true &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		to/File0.txt
+		to/File2.txt
+		to/file1.txt
+		to/file3.txt
+		EOF
+		git ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9822-git-p4-path-encoding.sh b/t/t9822-git-p4-path-encoding.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7b83e696a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9822-git-p4-path-encoding.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Clone repositories with non ASCII paths'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+UTF8_ESCAPED="a-\303\244_o-\303\266_u-\303\274.txt"
+ISO8859_ESCAPED="a-\344_o-\366_u-\374.txt"
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create a repo containing iso8859-1 encoded paths' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		ISO8859="$(printf "$ISO8859_ESCAPED")" &&
+		echo content123 >"$ISO8859" &&
+		p4 add "$ISO8859" &&
+		p4 submit -d "test commit"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'Clone auto-detects depot with iso8859-1 paths' '
+	git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		UTF8="$(printf "$UTF8_ESCAPED")" &&
+		echo "$UTF8" >expect &&
+		git -c core.quotepath=false ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone repo containing iso8859-1 encoded paths with git-p4.pathEncoding' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.pathEncoding iso8859-1 &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot &&
+		UTF8="$(printf "$UTF8_ESCAPED")" &&
+		echo "$UTF8" >expect &&
+		git -c core.quotepath=false ls-files >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+		echo content123 >expect &&
+		cat "$UTF8" >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9823-git-p4-mock-lfs.sh b/t/t9823-git-p4-mock-lfs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1f2dc369bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9823-git-p4-mock-lfs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Clone repositories and store files in Mock LFS'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs () {
+	FILE="$1" &&
+	CONTENT="$2" &&
+	echo "$CONTENT" >expect_content &&
+	test_path_is_file "$FILE" &&
+	test_cmp expect_content "$FILE"
+}
+
+test_file_is_in_mock_lfs () {
+	FILE="$1" &&
+	CONTENT="$2" &&
+	LOCAL_STORAGE=".git/mock-storage/local/$CONTENT" &&
+	SERVER_STORAGE=".git/mock-storage/remote/$CONTENT" &&
+	echo "pointer-$CONTENT" >expect_pointer &&
+	echo "$CONTENT" >expect_content &&
+	test_path_is_file "$FILE" &&
+	test_path_is_file "$LOCAL_STORAGE" &&
+	test_path_is_file "$SERVER_STORAGE" &&
+	test_cmp expect_pointer "$FILE" &&
+	test_cmp expect_content "$LOCAL_STORAGE" &&
+	test_cmp expect_content "$SERVER_STORAGE"
+}
+
+test_file_is_deleted_in_mock_lfs () {
+	FILE="$1" &&
+	CONTENT="$2" &&
+	LOCAL_STORAGE=".git/mock-storage/local/$CONTENT" &&
+	SERVER_STORAGE=".git/mock-storage/remote/$CONTENT" &&
+	echo "pointer-$CONTENT" >expect_pointer &&
+	echo "$CONTENT" >expect_content &&
+	test_path_is_missing "$FILE" &&
+	test_path_is_file "$LOCAL_STORAGE" &&
+	test_path_is_file "$SERVER_STORAGE" &&
+	test_cmp expect_content "$LOCAL_STORAGE" &&
+	test_cmp expect_content "$SERVER_STORAGE"
+}
+
+test_file_count_in_dir () {
+	DIR="$1" &&
+	EXPECTED_COUNT="$2" &&
+	find "$DIR" -type f >actual &&
+	test_line_count = $EXPECTED_COUNT actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create repo with binary files' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		echo "content 1 txt 23 bytes" >file1.txt &&
+		p4 add file1.txt &&
+		echo "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" >file2.dat &&
+		p4 add file2.dat &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add text and binary file" &&
+
+		mkdir "path with spaces" &&
+		echo "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" >"path with spaces/file3.bin" &&
+		p4 add "path with spaces/file3.bin" &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add another binary file with same content and spaces in path" &&
+
+		echo "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" >file4.bin &&
+		p4 add file4.bin &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add another binary file with different content"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Store files in Mock LFS based on size (>24 bytes)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem MockLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileThreshold 24 &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFilePush True &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs file1.txt "content 1 txt 23 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_in_mock_lfs file2.dat "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_in_mock_lfs "path with spaces/file3.bin" "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_in_mock_lfs file4.bin "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" &&
+
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/mock-storage/local" 2 &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/mock-storage/remote" 2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Store files in Mock LFS based on extension (dat)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem MockLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileExtensions dat &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFilePush True &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs file1.txt "content 1 txt 23 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_in_mock_lfs file2.dat "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs "path with spaces/file3.bin" "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs file4.bin "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" &&
+
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/mock-storage/local" 1 &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/mock-storage/remote" 1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Store files in Mock LFS based on extension (dat) and use git p4 sync and no client spec' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem MockLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileExtensions dat &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFilePush True &&
+		git p4 sync //depot &&
+		git checkout p4/master &&
+
+		test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs file1.txt "content 1 txt 23 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_in_mock_lfs file2.dat "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs "path with spaces/file3.bin" "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs file4.bin "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" &&
+
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/mock-storage/local" 1 &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/mock-storage/remote" 1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Remove file from repo and store files in Mock LFS based on size (>24 bytes)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 delete file4.bin &&
+		p4 submit -d "Remove file"
+	) &&
+
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem MockLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileThreshold 24 &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFilePush True &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_is_not_in_mock_lfs file1.txt "content 1 txt 23 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_in_mock_lfs file2.dat "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_in_mock_lfs "path with spaces/file3.bin" "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_is_deleted_in_mock_lfs file4.bin "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" &&
+
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/mock-storage/local" 2 &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/mock-storage/remote" 2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Run git p4 submit in repo configured with large file system' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem MockLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileThreshold 24 &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFilePush True &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_must_fail git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9824-git-p4-git-lfs.sh b/t/t9824-git-p4-git-lfs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..110a7e7924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9824-git-p4-git-lfs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Clone repositories and store files in Git LFS'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+git lfs help >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	skip_all='skipping git p4 Git LFS tests; Git LFS not found'
+	test_done
+}
+
+test_file_in_lfs () {
+	FILE="$1" &&
+	SIZE="$2" &&
+	EXPECTED_CONTENT="$3" &&
+	sed -n '1,1 p' "$FILE" | grep "^version " &&
+	sed -n '2,2 p' "$FILE" | grep "^oid " &&
+	sed -n '3,3 p' "$FILE" | grep "^size " &&
+	test_line_count = 3 "$FILE" &&
+	cat "$FILE" | grep "size $SIZE" &&
+	HASH=$(cat "$FILE" | grep "oid sha256:" | sed -e "s/oid sha256://g") &&
+	LFS_FILE=".git/lfs/objects/$(echo "$HASH" | cut -c1-2)/$(echo "$HASH" | cut -c3-4)/$HASH" &&
+	echo $EXPECTED_CONTENT >expect &&
+	test_path_is_file "$FILE" &&
+	test_path_is_file "$LFS_FILE" &&
+	test_cmp expect "$LFS_FILE"
+}
+
+test_file_count_in_dir () {
+	DIR="$1" &&
+	EXPECTED_COUNT="$2" &&
+	find "$DIR" -type f >actual &&
+	test_line_count = $EXPECTED_COUNT actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create repo with binary files' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		echo "content 1 txt 23 bytes" >file1.txt &&
+		p4 add file1.txt &&
+		echo "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" >file2.dat &&
+		p4 add file2.dat &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add text and binary file" &&
+
+		mkdir "path with spaces" &&
+		echo "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" >"path with spaces/file3.bin" &&
+		p4 add "path with spaces/file3.bin" &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add another binary file with same content and spaces in path" &&
+
+		echo "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" >file4.bin &&
+		p4 add file4.bin &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add another binary file with different content"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Store files in LFS based on size (>24 bytes)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem GitLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileThreshold 24 &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_in_lfs file2.dat 25 "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_in_lfs "path with spaces/file3.bin" 25 "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_in_lfs file4.bin 26 "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" &&
+
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/lfs/objects" 2 &&
+
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+
+		#
+		# Git LFS (see https://git-lfs.github.com/)
+		#
+		/file2.dat filter=lfs -text
+		/file4.bin filter=lfs -text
+		/path[[:space:]]with[[:space:]]spaces/file3.bin filter=lfs -text
+		EOF
+		test_path_is_file .gitattributes &&
+		test_cmp expect .gitattributes
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Store files in LFS based on size (>25 bytes)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem GitLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileThreshold 25 &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_in_lfs file4.bin 26 "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/lfs/objects" 1 &&
+
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+
+		#
+		# Git LFS (see https://git-lfs.github.com/)
+		#
+		/file4.bin filter=lfs -text
+		EOF
+		test_path_is_file .gitattributes &&
+		test_cmp expect .gitattributes
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Store files in LFS based on extension (dat)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem GitLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileExtensions dat &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_in_lfs file2.dat 25 "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/lfs/objects" 1 &&
+
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+
+		#
+		# Git LFS (see https://git-lfs.github.com/)
+		#
+		*.dat filter=lfs -text
+		EOF
+		test_path_is_file .gitattributes &&
+		test_cmp expect .gitattributes
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Store files in LFS based on size (>25 bytes) and extension (dat)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem GitLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileExtensions dat &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileThreshold 25 &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_in_lfs file2.dat 25 "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_in_lfs file4.bin 26 "content 4 bin 26 bytes XX" &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/lfs/objects" 2 &&
+
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+
+		#
+		# Git LFS (see https://git-lfs.github.com/)
+		#
+		*.dat filter=lfs -text
+		/file4.bin filter=lfs -text
+		EOF
+		test_path_is_file .gitattributes &&
+		test_cmp expect .gitattributes
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Remove file from repo and store files in LFS based on size (>24 bytes)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 delete file4.bin &&
+		p4 submit -d "Remove file"
+	) &&
+
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem GitLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileThreshold 24 &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_in_lfs file2.dat 25 "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_in_lfs "path with spaces/file3.bin" 25 "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_path_is_missing file4.bin &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/lfs/objects" 2 &&
+
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+
+		#
+		# Git LFS (see https://git-lfs.github.com/)
+		#
+		/file2.dat filter=lfs -text
+		/path[[:space:]]with[[:space:]]spaces/file3.bin filter=lfs -text
+		EOF
+		test_path_is_file .gitattributes &&
+		test_cmp expect .gitattributes
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Add .gitattributes and store files in LFS based on size (>24 bytes)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo "*.txt text" >.gitattributes &&
+		p4 add .gitattributes &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add .gitattributes"
+	) &&
+
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem GitLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileThreshold 24 &&
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+		test_file_in_lfs file2.dat 25 "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_file_in_lfs "path with spaces/file3.bin" 25 "content 2-3 bin 25 bytes" &&
+		test_path_is_missing file4.bin &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/lfs/objects" 2 &&
+
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		*.txt text
+
+		#
+		# Git LFS (see https://git-lfs.github.com/)
+		#
+		/file2.dat filter=lfs -text
+		/path[[:space:]]with[[:space:]]spaces/file3.bin filter=lfs -text
+		EOF
+		test_path_is_file .gitattributes &&
+		test_cmp expect .gitattributes
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Add big files to repo and store files in LFS based on compressed size (>28 bytes)' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo "content 5 bin 40 bytes XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" >file5.bin &&
+		p4 add file5.bin &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file with small footprint after compression" &&
+
+		echo "content 6 bin 39 bytes XXXXXYYYYYZZZZZ" >file6.bin &&
+		p4 add file6.bin &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file with large footprint after compression"
+	) &&
+
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileSystem GitLFS &&
+		git config git-p4.largeFileCompressedThreshold 28 &&
+		# We only import HEAD here ("@all" is missing!)
+		git p4 clone --destination="$git" //depot &&
+
+		test_file_in_lfs file6.bin 39 "content 6 bin 39 bytes XXXXXYYYYYZZZZZ" &&
+		test_file_count_in_dir ".git/lfs/objects" 1 &&
+
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		*.txt text
+
+		#
+		# Git LFS (see https://git-lfs.github.com/)
+		#
+		/file6.bin filter=lfs -text
+		EOF
+		test_path_is_file .gitattributes &&
+		test_cmp expect .gitattributes
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9825-git-p4-handle-utf16-without-bom.sh b/t/t9825-git-p4-handle-utf16-without-bom.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1551845dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9825-git-p4-handle-utf16-without-bom.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 handling of UTF-16 files without BOM'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+UTF16="\227\000\227\000"
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot with UTF-16 encoded file and artificially remove BOM' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		printf "$UTF16" >file1 &&
+		p4 add -t utf16 file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "file1"
+	) &&
+
+	(
+		cd db &&
+		p4d -jc &&
+		# P4D automatically adds a BOM. Remove it here to make the file invalid.
+		sed -e "\$d" depot/file1,v >depot/file1,v.new &&
+		mv depot/file1,v.new depot/file1,v &&
+		printf "@$UTF16@" >>depot/file1,v &&
+		p4d -jrF checkpoint.1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone depot with invalid UTF-16 file in verbose mode' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --verbose //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		printf "$UTF16" >expect &&
+		test_cmp_bin expect file1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'clone depot with invalid UTF-16 file in non-verbose mode' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9826-git-p4-keep-empty-commits.sh b/t/t9826-git-p4-keep-empty-commits.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fa8b9daf1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9826-git-p4-keep-empty-commits.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Clone repositories and keep empty commits'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create a repo' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		mkdir -p subdir &&
+
+		>subdir/file1.txt &&
+		p4 add subdir/file1.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file 1" &&
+
+		>file2.txt &&
+		p4 add file2.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file 2" &&
+
+		>subdir/file3.txt &&
+		p4 add subdir/file3.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file 3" &&
+
+		>file4.txt &&
+		p4 add file4.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file 4" &&
+
+		p4 delete subdir/file3.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Remove file 3" &&
+
+		p4 delete file4.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Remove file 4"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone repo root path with all history' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Remove file 4
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 6]
+
+		Remove file 3
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 5]
+
+		Add file 4
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 4]
+
+		Add file 3
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 3]
+
+		Add file 2
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 2]
+
+		Add file 1
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 1]
+
+		EOF
+		git log --format=%B >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone repo subdir with all history but keep empty commits' '
+	client_view "//depot/subdir/... //client/subdir/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config git-p4.keepEmptyCommits true &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Remove file 4
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 6]
+
+		Remove file 3
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 5]
+
+		Add file 4
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 4]
+
+		Add file 3
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 3]
+
+		Add file 2
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 2]
+
+		Add file 1
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 1]
+
+		EOF
+		git log --format=%B >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone repo subdir with all history' '
+	client_view "//depot/subdir/... //client/subdir/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" --verbose //depot@all &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Remove file 3
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 5]
+
+		Add file 3
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 3]
+
+		Add file 1
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 1]
+
+		EOF
+		git log --format=%B >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9827-git-p4-change-filetype.sh b/t/t9827-git-p4-change-filetype.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7433998f47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9827-git-p4-change-filetype.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 support for file type change'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		cat >file1 <<-EOF &&
+		text without any funny substitution business
+		EOF
+		cat >file2 <<-EOF &&
+		second file whose type will change
+		EOF
+		p4 add file1 file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add files"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'change file to symbolic link' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+
+		rm file2 &&
+		ln -s file1 file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git commit -m "symlink file1 to file2" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog -m 1 //depot/file2 >filelog &&
+		grep "(symlink)" filelog
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'change symbolic link to file' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+
+		rm file2 &&
+		cat >file2 <<-EOF &&
+		This is another content for the second file.
+		EOF
+		git add file2 &&
+		git commit -m "re-write file2" &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog -m 1 //depot/file2 >filelog &&
+		grep "(text)" filelog
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9828-git-p4-map-user.sh b/t/t9828-git-p4-map-user.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e20395c89f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9828-git-p4-map-user.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Clone repositories and map users'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create a repo with different users' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		>author.txt &&
+		p4 add author.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file author\\n" &&
+
+		P4USER=mmax &&
+		>max.txt &&
+		p4 add max.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file max" &&
+
+		P4USER=eri &&
+		>moritz.txt &&
+		p4 add moritz.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file moritz" &&
+
+		P4USER=no &&
+		>nobody.txt &&
+		p4 add nobody.txt &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file nobody"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Clone repo root path with all history' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git config --add git-p4.mapUser "mmax = Max Musterman   <max@example.com> "  &&
+		git config --add git-p4.mapUser "  eri=Erika Musterman <erika@example.com>" &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+			no <no@client>
+			Erika Musterman <erika@example.com>
+			Max Musterman <max@example.com>
+			Dr. author <author@example.com>
+		EOF
+		git log --format="%an <%ae>" >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9829-git-p4-jobs.sh b/t/t9829-git-p4-jobs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..971aeeea1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9829-git-p4-jobs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 retrieve job info'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add p4 jobs' '
+	(
+		p4_add_job TESTJOB-A &&
+		p4_add_job TESTJOB-B
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add p4 files' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		>file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "Add file 1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check log message of changelist with no jobs' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Add file 1
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 1]
+
+		EOF
+		git log --format=%B >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add TESTJOB-A to change 1' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 fix -c 1 TESTJOB-A
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check log message of changelist with one job' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Add file 1
+		Jobs: TESTJOB-A
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 1]
+
+		EOF
+		git log --format=%B >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add TESTJOB-B to change 1' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 fix -c 1 TESTJOB-B
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check log message of changelist with more jobs' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init . &&
+		git p4 clone --use-client-spec --destination="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		Add file 1
+		Jobs: TESTJOB-A TESTJOB-B
+		[git-p4: depot-paths = "//depot/": change = 1]
+
+		EOF
+		git log --format=%B >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9901-git-web--browse.sh b/t/t9901-git-web--browse.sh
index b0a6bad8dd..de7152f827 100755
--- a/t/t9901-git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/t/t9901-git-web--browse.sh
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	echo fake: "$@"
 	EOF
 	chmod +x "fake browser" &&
-	git config browser.w3m.path "`pwd`/fake browser" &&
+	git config browser.w3m.path "$(pwd)/fake browser" &&
 	test_web_browse w3m http://example.com/foo
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9902-completion.sh b/t/t9902-completion.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2ba62fbc17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9902-completion.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,651 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+test_description='test bash completion'
+
+. ./lib-bash.sh
+
+complete ()
+{
+	# do nothing
+	return 0
+}
+
+# Be careful when updating this list:
+#
+# (1) The build tree may have build artifact from different branch, or
+#     the user's $PATH may have a random executable that may begin
+#     with "git-check" that are not part of the subcommands this build
+#     will ship, e.g.  "check-ignore".  The tests for completion for
+#     subcommand names tests how "check" is expanded; we limit the
+#     possible candidates to "checkout" and "check-attr" to make sure
+#     "check-attr", which is known by the filter function as a
+#     subcommand to be thrown out, while excluding other random files
+#     that happen to begin with "check" to avoid letting them get in
+#     the way.
+#
+# (2) A test makes sure that common subcommands are included in the
+#     completion for "git <TAB>", and a plumbing is excluded.  "add",
+#     "filter-branch" and "ls-files" are listed for this.
+
+GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION='add checkout check-attr filter-branch ls-files'
+
+. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash"
+
+# We don't need this function to actually join words or do anything special.
+# Also, it's cleaner to avoid touching bash's internal completion variables.
+# So let's override it with a minimal version for testing purposes.
+_get_comp_words_by_ref ()
+{
+	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+		case "$1" in
+		cur)
+			cur=${_words[_cword]}
+			;;
+		prev)
+			prev=${_words[_cword-1]}
+			;;
+		words)
+			words=("${_words[@]}")
+			;;
+		cword)
+			cword=$_cword
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+}
+
+print_comp ()
+{
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
+}
+
+run_completion ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY _words
+	local _cword
+	_words=( $1 )
+	test "${1: -1}" = ' ' && _words[${#_words[@]}+1]=''
+	(( _cword = ${#_words[@]} - 1 ))
+	__git_wrap__git_main && print_comp
+}
+
+# Test high-level completion
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: typed text so far (cur)
+# 2: expected completion
+test_completion ()
+{
+	if test $# -gt 1
+	then
+		printf '%s\n' "$2" >expected
+	else
+		sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected
+	fi &&
+	run_completion "$1" &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+# Test __gitcomp.
+# The first argument is the typed text so far (cur); the rest are
+# passed to __gitcomp.  Expected output comes is read from the
+# standard input, like test_completion().
+test_gitcomp ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+# Test __gitcomp_nl
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: current word (cur)
+# -: the rest are passed to __gitcomp_nl
+test_gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp_nl "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+invalid_variable_name='${foo.bar}'
+
+actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for __gitdir tests' '
+	mkdir -p subdir/subsubdir &&
+	git init otherrepo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - from command line (through $__git_dir)' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		__git_dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - repo as argument' '
+	echo "otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	__gitdir "otherrepo" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - remote as argument' '
+	echo "remote" >expected &&
+	__gitdir "remote" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo ".git" >expected &&
+	__gitdir >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - cwd is a .git directory' '
+	echo "." >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - parent is a .git directory' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git/refs/heads &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - non-existing $GIT_DIR' '
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non-existing" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
+function pwd_P_W () {
+	if test_have_prereq MINGW
+	then
+		pwd -W
+	else
+		pwd -P
+	fi
+}
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - gitfile in cwd' '
+	echo "$(pwd_P_W)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd_P_W)/otherrepo/.git" >subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - gitfile in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd_P_W)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd_P_W)/otherrepo/.git" >subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS '__gitdir - resulting path avoids symlinks' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	mkdir otherrepo/dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/dir" &&
+	ln -s otherrepo/dir link &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f link" &&
+	(
+		cd link &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - not a git repository' '
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - options' '
+	test_gitcomp "--re" "--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
+		--reset-author" <<-EOF
+	--reuse-message=Z
+	--reedit-message=Z
+	--reset-author Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - config keys' '
+	test_gitcomp "br" "branch. branch.autosetupmerge
+		branch.autosetuprebase browser." <<-\EOF
+	branch.Z
+	branch.autosetupmerge Z
+	branch.autosetuprebase Z
+	browser.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - option parameter' '
+	test_gitcomp "--strategy=re" "octopus ours recursive resolve subtree" \
+		"" "re" <<-\EOF
+	recursive Z
+	resolve Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - prefix' '
+	test_gitcomp "branch.me" "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" \
+		"branch.maint." "me" <<-\EOF
+	branch.maint.merge Z
+	branch.maint.mergeoptions Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp "branch.me" "master maint next pu" "branch." \
+		"ma" "." <<-\EOF
+	branch.master.Z
+	branch.maint.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp "$invalid_variable_name"
+'
+
+read -r -d "" refs <<-\EOF
+maint
+master
+next
+pu
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - trailing space' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "m" "$refs" <<-EOF
+	maint Z
+	master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - prefix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "--fixup=m" "$refs" "--fixup=" "m" <<-EOF
+	--fixup=maint Z
+	--fixup=master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "branch.ma" "$refs" "branch." "ma" "." <<-\EOF
+	branch.maint.Z
+	branch.master.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - no suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "ma" "$refs" "" "ma" "" <<-\EOF
+	maintZ
+	masterZ
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp_nl "$invalid_variable_name"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__git_remotes - list remotes from $GIT_DIR/remotes and from config file' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	remote_from_file_1
+	remote_from_file_2
+	remote_in_config_1
+	remote_in_config_2
+	EOF
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf .git/remotes" &&
+	mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+	>.git/remotes/remote_from_file_1 &&
+	>.git/remotes/remote_from_file_2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove remote_in_config_1" &&
+	git remote add remote_in_config_1 git://remote_1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove remote_in_config_2" &&
+	git remote add remote_in_config_2 git://remote_2 &&
+	__git_remotes >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__git_get_config_variables' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	name-1
+	name-2
+	EOF
+	test_config interesting.name-1 good &&
+	test_config interesting.name-2 good &&
+	test_config subsection.interesting.name-3 bad &&
+	__git_get_config_variables interesting >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__git_pretty_aliases' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	author
+	hash
+	EOF
+	test_config pretty.author "%an %ae" &&
+	test_config pretty.hash %H &&
+	__git_pretty_aliases >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__git_aliases' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	ci
+	co
+	EOF
+	test_config alias.ci commit &&
+	test_config alias.co checkout &&
+	__git_aliases >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'basic' '
+	run_completion "git " &&
+	# built-in
+	grep -q "^add \$" out &&
+	# script
+	grep -q "^filter-branch \$" out &&
+	# plumbing
+	! grep -q "^ls-files \$" out &&
+
+	run_completion "git f" &&
+	! grep -q -v "^f" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'double dash "git" itself' '
+	test_completion "git --" <<-\EOF
+	--paginate Z
+	--no-pager Z
+	--git-dir=
+	--bare Z
+	--version Z
+	--exec-path Z
+	--exec-path=
+	--html-path Z
+	--man-path Z
+	--info-path Z
+	--work-tree=
+	--namespace=
+	--no-replace-objects Z
+	--help Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'double dash "git checkout"' '
+	test_completion "git checkout --" <<-\EOF
+	--quiet Z
+	--ours Z
+	--theirs Z
+	--track Z
+	--no-track Z
+	--merge Z
+	--conflict=
+	--orphan Z
+	--patch Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'general options' '
+	test_completion "git --ver" "--version " &&
+	test_completion "git --hel" "--help " &&
+	test_completion "git --exe" <<-\EOF &&
+	--exec-path Z
+	--exec-path=
+	EOF
+	test_completion "git --htm" "--html-path " &&
+	test_completion "git --pag" "--paginate " &&
+	test_completion "git --no-p" "--no-pager " &&
+	test_completion "git --git" "--git-dir=" &&
+	test_completion "git --wor" "--work-tree=" &&
+	test_completion "git --nam" "--namespace=" &&
+	test_completion "git --bar" "--bare " &&
+	test_completion "git --inf" "--info-path " &&
+	test_completion "git --no-r" "--no-replace-objects "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'general options plus command' '
+	test_completion "git --version check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --paginate check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --git-dir=foo check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --bare check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --exec-path=foo check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --html-path check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --no-pager check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --work-tree=foo check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --namespace=foo check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --paginate check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --info-path check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --no-replace-objects check" "checkout "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git --help completion' '
+	test_completion "git --help ad" "add " &&
+	test_completion "git --help core" "core-tutorial "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for ref completion' '
+	echo content >file1 &&
+	echo more >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	git branch mybranch &&
+	git tag mytag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout completes ref names' '
+	test_completion "git checkout m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show completes all refs' '
+	test_completion "git show m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '<ref>: completes paths' '
+	test_completion "git show mytag:f" <<-\EOF
+	file1 Z
+	file2 Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with spaces' '
+	echo content >"name with spaces" &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m spaces &&
+	test_completion "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
+	name with spaces Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with metacharacters' '
+	echo content >"name with \${meta}" &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m meta &&
+	test_completion "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
+	name with ${meta} Z
+	name with spaces Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'send-email' '
+	test_completion "git send-email --cov" "--cover-letter " &&
+	test_completion "git send-email ma" "master "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete files' '
+	git init tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	echo "expected" > .gitignore &&
+	echo "out" >> .gitignore &&
+
+	git add .gitignore &&
+	test_completion "git commit " ".gitignore" &&
+
+	git commit -m ignore &&
+
+	touch new &&
+	test_completion "git add " "new" &&
+
+	git add new &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	test_completion "git add " "" &&
+
+	git mv new modified &&
+	echo modify > modified &&
+	test_completion "git add " "modified" &&
+
+	touch untracked &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git rm " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	test_completion "git clean " "untracked" &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git mv " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	mkdir dir &&
+	touch dir/file-in-dir &&
+	git add dir/file-in-dir &&
+	git commit -m dir &&
+
+	mkdir untracked-dir &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git mv modified " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	dir
+	modified
+	untracked
+	untracked-dir
+	EOF
+
+	test_completion "git commit " "modified" &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git ls-files " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	dir
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	touch momified &&
+	test_completion "git add mom" "momified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "completion uses <cmd> completion for alias: !sh -c 'git <cmd> ...'" '
+	test_config alias.co "!sh -c '"'"'git checkout ...'"'"'" &&
+	test_completion "git co m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'completion uses <cmd> completion for alias: !f () { VAR=val git <cmd> ... }' '
+	test_config alias.co "!f () { VAR=val git checkout ... ; } f" &&
+	test_completion "git co m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'completion used <cmd> completion for alias: !f() { : git <cmd> ; ... }' '
+	test_config alias.co "!f() { : git checkout ; if ... } f" &&
+	test_completion "git co m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'complete with tilde expansion' '
+	git init tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	touch ~/tmp/file &&
+
+	test_completion "git add ~/tmp/" "~/tmp/file"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0db4469c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,758 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 SZEDER Gábor
+#
+
+test_description='test git-specific bash prompt functions'
+
+. ./lib-bash.sh
+
+. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh"
+
+actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+c_red='\\[\\e[31m\\]'
+c_green='\\[\\e[32m\\]'
+c_lblue='\\[\\e[1;34m\\]'
+c_clear='\\[\\e[0m\\]'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for prompt tests' '
+	git init otherrepo &&
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag -a -m msg1 t1 &&
+	git checkout -b b1 &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git commit -m "second b1" file &&
+	echo 3 >file &&
+	git commit -m "third b1" file &&
+	git tag -a -m msg2 t2 &&
+	git checkout -b b2 master &&
+	echo 0 >file &&
+	git commit -m "second b2" file &&
+	echo 00 >file &&
+	git commit -m "another b2" file &&
+	echo 000 >file &&
+	git commit -m "yet another b2" file &&
+	mkdir ignored_dir &&
+	echo "ignored_dir/" >>.gitignore &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - branch name' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'prompt - branch name - symlink symref' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_config core.preferSymlinkRefs true &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - unborn branch' '
+	printf " (unborn)" >expected &&
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+repo_with_newline='repo
+with
+newline'
+
+if test_have_prereq !MINGW && mkdir "$repo_with_newline" 2>/dev/null
+then
+	test_set_prereq FUNNYNAMES
+else
+	say 'Your filesystem does not allow newlines in filenames.'
+fi
+
+test_expect_success FUNNYNAMES 'prompt - with newline in path' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	git init "$repo_with_newline" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$repo_with_newline\"" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_with_newline"/subdir &&
+	(
+		cd "$repo_with_newline/subdir" &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - detached head' '
+	printf " ((%s...))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" --abbrev=13 b1^) >expected &&
+	test_config core.abbrev 13 &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - contains' '
+	printf " ((t2~1))" >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=contains &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - branch' '
+	printf " ((tags/t2~1))" >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=branch &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - describe' '
+	printf " ((t1-1-g%s))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=describe &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - default' '
+	printf " ((t2))" >expected &&
+	git checkout --detach b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - deep inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git/refs/heads &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - inside bare repository' '
+	printf " (BARE:master)" >expected &&
+	git init --bare bare.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bare.git" &&
+	(
+		cd bare.git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - interactive rebase' '
+	printf " (b1|REBASE-i 2/3)" >expected &&
+	write_script fake_editor.sh <<-\EOF &&
+		echo "exec echo" >"$1"
+		echo "edit $(git log -1 --format="%h")" >>"$1"
+		echo "exec echo" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	test_when_finished "rm -f fake_editor.sh" &&
+	test_set_editor "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/fake_editor.sh" &&
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort"
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase merge' '
+	printf " (b2|REBASE-m 1/3)" >expected &&
+	git checkout b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --merge b1 b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase' '
+	printf " (b2|REBASE 1/3)" >expected &&
+	git checkout b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase b1 b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - merge' '
+	printf " (b1|MERGING)" >expected &&
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - cherry-pick' '
+	printf " (master|CHERRY-PICKING)" >expected &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bisect' '
+	printf " (master|BISECTING)" >expected &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	test_when_finished "git bisect reset" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - clean' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
+	printf " (master *)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
+	printf " (master +)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
+	printf " (master *+)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" >file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - orphan branch - clean' '
+	printf " (orphan #)" >expected &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout --orphan orphan &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - orphan branch - dirty index' '
+	printf " (orphan +)" >expected &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout --orphan orphan &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - orphan branch - dirty index and worktree' '
+	printf " (orphan *+)" >expected &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout --orphan orphan &&
+	>file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master *)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - no stash' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - stash' '
+	printf " (master $)" >expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - no untracked files' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - untracked files' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - empty untracked dir' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	mkdir otherrepo/untracked-dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/untracked-dir" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - non-empty untracked dir' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	mkdir otherrepo/untracked-dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/untracked-dir" &&
+	>otherrepo/untracked-dir/untracked-file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - untracked files outside cwd' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	(
+		mkdir -p ignored_dir &&
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - format string starting with dash' '
+	printf -- "-master" >expected &&
+	__git_ps1 "-%s" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (\${__git_ps1_branch_name}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	printf "" >expected_output &&
+	(
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual" &&
+		test_cmp expected_output "$actual" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - branch name' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual"
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - detached head' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_red}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear}):AFTER\\n(%s...)" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_red}*${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_green}+${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_red}*${c_green}+${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" >file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - before root commit' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_green}#${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - inside .git directory' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear}):AFTER\\nGIT_DIR!" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - stash status indicator' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_lblue}\$${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - untracked files status indicator' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_red}%%${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - zsh color pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (%%F{green}master%%f):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		ZSH_VERSION=5.0.0 &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var unset, config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.hideIfPwdIgnored false &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var unset, config disabled, pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (\${__git_ps1_branch_name}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.hideIfPwdIgnored false &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var unset, config unset' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var unset, config unset, pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (\${__git_ps1_branch_name}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var set, config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.hideIfPwdIgnored false &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var set, config disabled, pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (\${__git_ps1_branch_name}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.hideIfPwdIgnored false &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var set, config unset' '
+	printf "" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var set, config unset, pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE::AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - inside gitdir (stdout)' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual" 2>/dev/null
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - inside gitdir (stderr)' '
+	printf "" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >/dev/null 2>"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48884d5208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,963 @@
+# Library of functions shared by all tests scripts, included by
+# test-lib.sh.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
+
+# The semantics of the editor variables are that of invoking
+# sh -c "$EDITOR \"$@\"" files ...
+#
+# If our trash directory contains shell metacharacters, they will be
+# interpreted if we just set $EDITOR directly, so do a little dance with
+# environment variables to work around this.
+#
+# In particular, quoting isn't enough, as the path may contain the same quote
+# that we're using.
+test_set_editor () {
+	FAKE_EDITOR="$1"
+	export FAKE_EDITOR
+	EDITOR='"$FAKE_EDITOR"'
+	export EDITOR
+}
+
+test_set_index_version () {
+    GIT_INDEX_VERSION="$1"
+    export GIT_INDEX_VERSION
+}
+
+test_decode_color () {
+	awk '
+		function name(n) {
+			if (n == 0) return "RESET";
+			if (n == 1) return "BOLD";
+			if (n == 30) return "BLACK";
+			if (n == 31) return "RED";
+			if (n == 32) return "GREEN";
+			if (n == 33) return "YELLOW";
+			if (n == 34) return "BLUE";
+			if (n == 35) return "MAGENTA";
+			if (n == 36) return "CYAN";
+			if (n == 37) return "WHITE";
+			if (n == 40) return "BLACK";
+			if (n == 41) return "BRED";
+			if (n == 42) return "BGREEN";
+			if (n == 43) return "BYELLOW";
+			if (n == 44) return "BBLUE";
+			if (n == 45) return "BMAGENTA";
+			if (n == 46) return "BCYAN";
+			if (n == 47) return "BWHITE";
+		}
+		{
+			while (match($0, /\033\[[0-9;]*m/) != 0) {
+				printf "%s<", substr($0, 1, RSTART-1);
+				codes = substr($0, RSTART+2, RLENGTH-3);
+				if (length(codes) == 0)
+					printf "%s", name(0)
+				else {
+					n = split(codes, ary, ";");
+					sep = "";
+					for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+						printf "%s%s", sep, name(ary[i]);
+						sep = ";"
+					}
+				}
+				printf ">";
+				$0 = substr($0, RSTART + RLENGTH, length($0) - RSTART - RLENGTH + 1);
+			}
+			print
+		}
+	'
+}
+
+nul_to_q () {
+	perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/'
+}
+
+q_to_nul () {
+	perl -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
+}
+
+q_to_cr () {
+	tr Q '\015'
+}
+
+q_to_tab () {
+	tr Q '\011'
+}
+
+qz_to_tab_space () {
+	tr QZ '\011\040'
+}
+
+append_cr () {
+	sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
+}
+
+remove_cr () {
+	tr '\015' Q | sed -e 's/Q$//'
+}
+
+# In some bourne shell implementations, the "unset" builtin returns
+# nonzero status when a variable to be unset was not set in the first
+# place.
+#
+# Use sane_unset when that should not be considered an error.
+
+sane_unset () {
+	unset "$@"
+	return 0
+}
+
+test_tick () {
+	if test -z "${test_tick+set}"
+	then
+		test_tick=1112911993
+	else
+		test_tick=$(($test_tick + 60))
+	fi
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$test_tick -0700"
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="$test_tick -0700"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+}
+
+# Stop execution and start a shell. This is useful for debugging tests and
+# only makes sense together with "-v".
+#
+# Be sure to remove all invocations of this command before submitting.
+
+test_pause () {
+	if test "$verbose" = t; then
+		"$SHELL_PATH" <&6 >&3 2>&4
+	else
+		error >&5 "test_pause requires --verbose"
+	fi
+}
+
+# Wrap git in gdb. Adding this to a command can make it easier to
+# understand what is going on in a failing test.
+#
+# Example: "debug git checkout master".
+debug () {
+	 GIT_TEST_GDB=1 "$@"
+}
+
+# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents> [<tag>]]]"
+#
+# This will commit a file with the given contents and the given commit
+# message, and tag the resulting commit with the given tag name.
+#
+# <file>, <contents>, and <tag> all default to <message>.
+
+test_commit () {
+	notick= &&
+	signoff= &&
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		--notick)
+			notick=yes
+			;;
+		--signoff)
+			signoff="$1"
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done &&
+	file=${2:-"$1.t"} &&
+	echo "${3-$1}" > "$file" &&
+	git add "$file" &&
+	if test -z "$notick"
+	then
+		test_tick
+	fi &&
+	git commit $signoff -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "${4:-$1}"
+}
+
+# Call test_merge with the arguments "<message> <commit>", where <commit>
+# can be a tag pointing to the commit-to-merge.
+
+test_merge () {
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -m "$1" "$2" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+# This function helps systems where core.filemode=false is set.
+# Use it instead of plain 'chmod +x' to set or unset the executable bit
+# of a file in the working directory and add it to the index.
+
+test_chmod () {
+	chmod "$@" &&
+	git update-index --add "--chmod=$@"
+}
+
+# Unset a configuration variable, but don't fail if it doesn't exist.
+test_unconfig () {
+	config_dir=
+	if test "$1" = -C
+	then
+		shift
+		config_dir=$1
+		shift
+	fi
+	git ${config_dir:+-C "$config_dir"} config --unset-all "$@"
+	config_status=$?
+	case "$config_status" in
+	5) # ok, nothing to unset
+		config_status=0
+		;;
+	esac
+	return $config_status
+}
+
+# Set git config, automatically unsetting it after the test is over.
+test_config () {
+	config_dir=
+	if test "$1" = -C
+	then
+		shift
+		config_dir=$1
+		shift
+	fi
+	test_when_finished "test_unconfig ${config_dir:+-C '$config_dir'} '$1'" &&
+	git ${config_dir:+-C "$config_dir"} config "$@"
+}
+
+test_config_global () {
+	test_when_finished "test_unconfig --global '$1'" &&
+	git config --global "$@"
+}
+
+write_script () {
+	{
+		echo "#!${2-"$SHELL_PATH"}" &&
+		cat
+	} >"$1" &&
+	chmod +x "$1"
+}
+
+# Use test_set_prereq to tell that a particular prerequisite is available.
+# The prerequisite can later be checked for in two ways:
+#
+# - Explicitly using test_have_prereq.
+#
+# - Implicitly by specifying the prerequisite tag in the calls to
+#   test_expect_{success,failure,code}.
+#
+# The single parameter is the prerequisite tag (a simple word, in all
+# capital letters by convention).
+
+test_set_prereq () {
+	satisfied_prereq="$satisfied_prereq$1 "
+}
+satisfied_prereq=" "
+lazily_testable_prereq= lazily_tested_prereq=
+
+# Usage: test_lazy_prereq PREREQ 'script'
+test_lazy_prereq () {
+	lazily_testable_prereq="$lazily_testable_prereq$1 "
+	eval test_prereq_lazily_$1=\$2
+}
+
+test_run_lazy_prereq_ () {
+	script='
+mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir" &&
+(
+	cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir" &&'"$2"'
+)'
+	say >&3 "checking prerequisite: $1"
+	say >&3 "$script"
+	test_eval_ "$script"
+	eval_ret=$?
+	rm -rf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir"
+	if test "$eval_ret" = 0; then
+		say >&3 "prerequisite $1 ok"
+	else
+		say >&3 "prerequisite $1 not satisfied"
+	fi
+	return $eval_ret
+}
+
+test_have_prereq () {
+	# prerequisites can be concatenated with ','
+	save_IFS=$IFS
+	IFS=,
+	set -- $*
+	IFS=$save_IFS
+
+	total_prereq=0
+	ok_prereq=0
+	missing_prereq=
+
+	for prerequisite
+	do
+		case "$prerequisite" in
+		!*)
+			negative_prereq=t
+			prerequisite=${prerequisite#!}
+			;;
+		*)
+			negative_prereq=
+		esac
+
+		case " $lazily_tested_prereq " in
+		*" $prerequisite "*)
+			;;
+		*)
+			case " $lazily_testable_prereq " in
+			*" $prerequisite "*)
+				eval "script=\$test_prereq_lazily_$prerequisite" &&
+				if test_run_lazy_prereq_ "$prerequisite" "$script"
+				then
+					test_set_prereq $prerequisite
+				fi
+				lazily_tested_prereq="$lazily_tested_prereq$prerequisite "
+			esac
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		total_prereq=$(($total_prereq + 1))
+		case "$satisfied_prereq" in
+		*" $prerequisite "*)
+			satisfied_this_prereq=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			satisfied_this_prereq=
+		esac
+
+		case "$satisfied_this_prereq,$negative_prereq" in
+		t,|,t)
+			ok_prereq=$(($ok_prereq + 1))
+			;;
+		*)
+			# Keep a list of missing prerequisites; restore
+			# the negative marker if necessary.
+			prerequisite=${negative_prereq:+!}$prerequisite
+			if test -z "$missing_prereq"
+			then
+				missing_prereq=$prerequisite
+			else
+				missing_prereq="$prerequisite,$missing_prereq"
+			fi
+		esac
+	done
+
+	test $total_prereq = $ok_prereq
+}
+
+test_declared_prereq () {
+	case ",$test_prereq," in
+	*,$1,*)
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+	return 1
+}
+
+test_verify_prereq () {
+	test -z "$test_prereq" ||
+	expr >/dev/null "$test_prereq" : '[A-Z0-9_,!]*$' ||
+	error "bug in the test script: '$test_prereq' does not look like a prereq"
+}
+
+test_expect_failure () {
+	test_start_
+	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
+	test "$#" = 2 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-failure"
+	test_verify_prereq
+	export test_prereq
+	if ! test_skip "$@"
+	then
+		say >&3 "checking known breakage: $2"
+		if test_run_ "$2" expecting_failure
+		then
+			test_known_broken_ok_ "$1"
+		else
+			test_known_broken_failure_ "$1"
+		fi
+	fi
+	test_finish_
+}
+
+test_expect_success () {
+	test_start_
+	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
+	test "$#" = 2 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
+	test_verify_prereq
+	export test_prereq
+	if ! test_skip "$@"
+	then
+		say >&3 "expecting success: $2"
+		if test_run_ "$2"
+		then
+			test_ok_ "$1"
+		else
+			test_failure_ "$@"
+		fi
+	fi
+	test_finish_
+}
+
+# test_external runs external test scripts that provide continuous
+# test output about their progress, and succeeds/fails on
+# zero/non-zero exit code.  It outputs the test output on stdout even
+# in non-verbose mode, and announces the external script with "# run
+# <n>: ..." before running it.  When providing relative paths, keep in
+# mind that all scripts run in "trash directory".
+# Usage: test_external description command arguments...
+# Example: test_external 'Perl API' perl ../path/to/test.pl
+test_external () {
+	test "$#" = 4 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
+	test "$#" = 3 ||
+	error >&5 "bug in the test script: not 3 or 4 parameters to test_external"
+	descr="$1"
+	shift
+	test_verify_prereq
+	export test_prereq
+	if ! test_skip "$descr" "$@"
+	then
+		# Announce the script to reduce confusion about the
+		# test output that follows.
+		say_color "" "# run $test_count: $descr ($*)"
+		# Export TEST_DIRECTORY, TRASH_DIRECTORY and GIT_TEST_LONG
+		# to be able to use them in script
+		export TEST_DIRECTORY TRASH_DIRECTORY GIT_TEST_LONG
+		# Run command; redirect its stderr to &4 as in
+		# test_run_, but keep its stdout on our stdout even in
+		# non-verbose mode.
+		"$@" 2>&4
+		if test "$?" = 0
+		then
+			if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
+				test_ok_ "$descr"
+			else
+				say_color "" "# test_external test $descr was ok"
+				test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
+			fi
+		else
+			if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
+				test_failure_ "$descr" "$@"
+			else
+				say_color error "# test_external test $descr failed: $@"
+				test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
+			fi
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+# Like test_external, but in addition tests that the command generated
+# no output on stderr.
+test_external_without_stderr () {
+	# The temporary file has no (and must have no) security
+	# implications.
+	tmp=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
+	stderr="$tmp/git-external-stderr.$$.tmp"
+	test_external "$@" 4> "$stderr"
+	test -f "$stderr" || error "Internal error: $stderr disappeared."
+	descr="no stderr: $1"
+	shift
+	say >&3 "# expecting no stderr from previous command"
+	if test ! -s "$stderr"
+	then
+		rm "$stderr"
+
+		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
+			test_ok_ "$descr"
+		else
+			say_color "" "# test_external_without_stderr test $descr was ok"
+			test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
+		fi
+	else
+		if test "$verbose" = t
+		then
+			output=$(echo; echo "# Stderr is:"; cat "$stderr")
+		else
+			output=
+		fi
+		# rm first in case test_failure exits.
+		rm "$stderr"
+		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
+			test_failure_ "$descr" "$@" "$output"
+		else
+			say_color error "# test_external_without_stderr test $descr failed: $@: $output"
+			test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+# debugging-friendly alternatives to "test [-f|-d|-e]"
+# The commands test the existence or non-existence of $1. $2 can be
+# given to provide a more precise diagnosis.
+test_path_is_file () {
+	if ! test -f "$1"
+	then
+		echo "File $1 doesn't exist. $2"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+test_path_is_dir () {
+	if ! test -d "$1"
+	then
+		echo "Directory $1 doesn't exist. $2"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+# Check if the directory exists and is empty as expected, barf otherwise.
+test_dir_is_empty () {
+	test_path_is_dir "$1" &&
+	if test -n "$(ls -a1 "$1" | egrep -v '^\.\.?$')"
+	then
+		echo "Directory '$1' is not empty, it contains:"
+		ls -la "$1"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+test_path_is_missing () {
+	if test -e "$1"
+	then
+		echo "Path exists:"
+		ls -ld "$1"
+		if test $# -ge 1
+		then
+			echo "$*"
+		fi
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+# test_line_count checks that a file has the number of lines it
+# ought to. For example:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'produce exactly one line of output' '
+#		do something >output &&
+#		test_line_count = 1 output
+#	'
+#
+# is like "test $(wc -l <output) = 1" except that it passes the
+# output through when the number of lines is wrong.
+
+test_line_count () {
+	if test $# != 3
+	then
+		error "bug in the test script: not 3 parameters to test_line_count"
+	elif ! test $(wc -l <"$3") "$1" "$2"
+	then
+		echo "test_line_count: line count for $3 !$1 $2"
+		cat "$3"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# Returns success if a comma separated string of keywords ($1) contains a
+# given keyword ($2).
+# Examples:
+# `list_contains "foo,bar" bar` returns 0
+# `list_contains "foo" bar` returns 1
+
+list_contains () {
+	case ",$1," in
+	*,$2,*)
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+	return 1
+}
+
+# This is not among top-level (test_expect_success | test_expect_failure)
+# but is a prefix that can be used in the test script, like:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'complain and die' '
+#           do something &&
+#           do something else &&
+#	    test_must_fail git checkout ../outerspace
+#	'
+#
+# Writing this as "! git checkout ../outerspace" is wrong, because
+# the failure could be due to a segv.  We want a controlled failure.
+
+test_must_fail () {
+	case "$1" in
+	ok=*)
+		_test_ok=${1#ok=}
+		shift
+		;;
+	*)
+		_test_ok=
+		;;
+	esac
+	"$@"
+	exit_code=$?
+	if test $exit_code -eq 0 && ! list_contains "$_test_ok" success
+	then
+		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command succeeded: $*"
+		return 1
+	elif test $exit_code -eq 141 && list_contains "$_test_ok" sigpipe
+	then
+		return 0
+	elif test $exit_code -gt 129 && test $exit_code -le 192
+	then
+		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: died by signal $(($exit_code - 128)): $*"
+		return 1
+	elif test $exit_code -eq 127
+	then
+		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command not found: $*"
+		return 1
+	elif test $exit_code -eq 126
+	then
+		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: valgrind error: $*"
+		return 1
+	fi
+	return 0
+}
+
+# Similar to test_must_fail, but tolerates success, too.  This is
+# meant to be used in contexts like:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'some command works without configuration' '
+#		test_might_fail git config --unset all.configuration &&
+#		do something
+#	'
+#
+# Writing "git config --unset all.configuration || :" would be wrong,
+# because we want to notice if it fails due to segv.
+
+test_might_fail () {
+	test_must_fail ok=success "$@"
+}
+
+# Similar to test_must_fail and test_might_fail, but check that a
+# given command exited with a given exit code. Meant to be used as:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'Merge with d/f conflicts' '
+#		test_expect_code 1 git merge "merge msg" B master
+#	'
+
+test_expect_code () {
+	want_code=$1
+	shift
+	"$@"
+	exit_code=$?
+	if test $exit_code = $want_code
+	then
+		return 0
+	fi
+
+	echo >&2 "test_expect_code: command exited with $exit_code, we wanted $want_code $*"
+	return 1
+}
+
+# test_cmp is a helper function to compare actual and expected output.
+# You can use it like:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'foo works' '
+#		echo expected >expected &&
+#		foo >actual &&
+#		test_cmp expected actual
+#	'
+#
+# This could be written as either "cmp" or "diff -u", but:
+# - cmp's output is not nearly as easy to read as diff -u
+# - not all diff versions understand "-u"
+
+test_cmp() {
+	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
+}
+
+# test_cmp_bin - helper to compare binary files
+
+test_cmp_bin() {
+	cmp "$@"
+}
+
+# Call any command "$@" but be more verbose about its
+# failure. This is handy for commands like "test" which do
+# not output anything when they fail.
+verbose () {
+	"$@" && return 0
+	echo >&2 "command failed: $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@")"
+	return 1
+}
+
+# Check if the file expected to be empty is indeed empty, and barfs
+# otherwise.
+
+test_must_be_empty () {
+	if test -s "$1"
+	then
+		echo "'$1' is not empty, it contains:"
+		cat "$1"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# Tests that its two parameters refer to the same revision
+test_cmp_rev () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
+	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
+}
+
+# Print a sequence of integers in increasing order, either with
+# two arguments (start and end):
+#
+#     test_seq 1 5 -- outputs 1 2 3 4 5 one line at a time
+#
+# or with one argument (end), in which case it starts counting
+# from 1.
+
+test_seq () {
+	case $# in
+	1)	set 1 "$@" ;;
+	2)	;;
+	*)	error "bug in the test script: not 1 or 2 parameters to test_seq" ;;
+	esac
+	test_seq_counter__=$1
+	while test "$test_seq_counter__" -le "$2"
+	do
+		echo "$test_seq_counter__"
+		test_seq_counter__=$(( $test_seq_counter__ + 1 ))
+	done
+}
+
+# This function can be used to schedule some commands to be run
+# unconditionally at the end of the test to restore sanity:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'test core.capslock' '
+#		git config core.capslock true &&
+#		test_when_finished "git config --unset core.capslock" &&
+#		hello world
+#	'
+#
+# That would be roughly equivalent to
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'test core.capslock' '
+#		git config core.capslock true &&
+#		hello world
+#		git config --unset core.capslock
+#	'
+#
+# except that the greeting and config --unset must both succeed for
+# the test to pass.
+#
+# Note that under --immediate mode, no clean-up is done to help diagnose
+# what went wrong.
+
+test_when_finished () {
+	# We cannot detect when we are in a subshell in general, but by
+	# doing so on Bash is better than nothing (the test will
+	# silently pass on other shells).
+	test "${BASH_SUBSHELL-0}" = 0 ||
+	error "bug in test script: test_when_finished does nothing in a subshell"
+	test_cleanup="{ $*
+		} && (exit \"\$eval_ret\"); eval_ret=\$?; $test_cleanup"
+}
+
+# Most tests can use the created repository, but some may need to create more.
+# Usage: test_create_repo <directory>
+test_create_repo () {
+	test "$#" = 1 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 1 parameter to test-create-repo"
+	repo="$1"
+	mkdir -p "$repo"
+	(
+		cd "$repo" || error "Cannot setup test environment"
+		"$GIT_EXEC_PATH/git-init" "--template=$GIT_BUILD_DIR/templates/blt/" >&3 2>&4 ||
+		error "cannot run git init -- have you built things yet?"
+		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
+	) || exit
+}
+
+# This function helps on symlink challenged file systems when it is not
+# important that the file system entry is a symbolic link.
+# Use test_ln_s_add instead of "ln -s x y && git add y" to add a
+# symbolic link entry y to the index.
+
+test_ln_s_add () {
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s "$1" "$2" &&
+		git update-index --add "$2"
+	else
+		printf '%s' "$1" >"$2" &&
+		ln_s_obj=$(git hash-object -w "$2") &&
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 120000 $ln_s_obj "$2" &&
+		# pick up stat info from the file
+		git update-index "$2"
+	fi
+}
+
+# This function writes out its parameters, one per line
+test_write_lines () {
+	printf "%s\n" "$@"
+}
+
+perl () {
+	command "$PERL_PATH" "$@"
+}
+
+# Is the value one of the various ways to spell a boolean true/false?
+test_normalize_bool () {
+	git -c magic.variable="$1" config --bool magic.variable 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# Given a variable $1, normalize the value of it to one of "true",
+# "false", or "auto" and store the result to it.
+#
+#     test_tristate GIT_TEST_HTTPD
+#
+# A variable set to an empty string is set to 'false'.
+# A variable set to 'false' or 'auto' keeps its value.
+# Anything else is set to 'true'.
+# An unset variable defaults to 'auto'.
+#
+# The last rule is to allow people to set the variable to an empty
+# string and export it to decline testing the particular feature
+# for versions both before and after this change.  We used to treat
+# both unset and empty variable as a signal for "do not test" and
+# took any non-empty string as "please test".
+
+test_tristate () {
+	if eval "test x\"\${$1+isset}\" = xisset"
+	then
+		# explicitly set
+		eval "
+			case \"\$$1\" in
+			'')	$1=false ;;
+			auto)	;;
+			*)	$1=\$(test_normalize_bool \$$1 || echo true) ;;
+			esac
+		"
+	else
+		eval "$1=auto"
+	fi
+}
+
+# Exit the test suite, either by skipping all remaining tests or by
+# exiting with an error. If "$1" is "auto", we then we assume we were
+# opportunistically trying to set up some tests and we skip. If it is
+# "true", then we report a failure.
+#
+# The error/skip message should be given by $2.
+#
+test_skip_or_die () {
+	case "$1" in
+	auto)
+		skip_all=$2
+		test_done
+		;;
+	true)
+		error "$2"
+		;;
+	*)
+		error "BUG: test tristate is '$1' (real error: $2)"
+	esac
+}
+
+# The following mingw_* functions obey POSIX shell syntax, but are actually
+# bash scripts, and are meant to be used only with bash on Windows.
+
+# A test_cmp function that treats LF and CRLF equal and avoids to fork
+# diff when possible.
+mingw_test_cmp () {
+	# Read text into shell variables and compare them. If the results
+	# are different, use regular diff to report the difference.
+	local test_cmp_a= test_cmp_b=
+
+	# When text came from stdin (one argument is '-') we must feed it
+	# to diff.
+	local stdin_for_diff=
+
+	# Since it is difficult to detect the difference between an
+	# empty input file and a failure to read the files, we go straight
+	# to diff if one of the inputs is empty.
+	if test -s "$1" && test -s "$2"
+	then
+		# regular case: both files non-empty
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a <"$1"
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b <"$2"
+	elif test -s "$1" && test "$2" = -
+	then
+		# read 2nd file from stdin
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a <"$1"
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b
+		stdin_for_diff='<<<"$test_cmp_b"'
+	elif test "$1" = - && test -s "$2"
+	then
+		# read 1st file from stdin
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b <"$2"
+		stdin_for_diff='<<<"$test_cmp_a"'
+	fi
+	test -n "$test_cmp_a" &&
+	test -n "$test_cmp_b" &&
+	test "$test_cmp_a" = "$test_cmp_b" ||
+	eval "diff -u \"\$@\" $stdin_for_diff"
+}
+
+# $1 is the name of the shell variable to fill in
+mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ () {
+	# Read line-wise using LF as the line separator
+	# and use IFS to strip CR.
+	local line
+	while :
+	do
+		if IFS=$'\r' read -r -d $'\n' line
+		then
+			# good
+			line=$line$'\n'
+		else
+			# we get here at EOF, but also if the last line
+			# was not terminated by LF; in the latter case,
+			# some text was read
+			if test -z "$line"
+			then
+				# EOF, really
+				break
+			fi
+		fi
+		eval "$1=\$$1\$line"
+	done
+}
+
+# Like "env FOO=BAR some-program", but run inside a subshell, which means
+# it also works for shell functions (though those functions cannot impact
+# the environment outside of the test_env invocation).
+test_env () {
+	(
+		while test $# -gt 0
+		do
+			case "$1" in
+			*=*)
+				eval "${1%%=*}=\${1#*=}"
+				eval "export ${1%%=*}"
+				shift
+				;;
+			*)
+				"$@"
+				exit
+				;;
+			esac
+		done
+	)
+}
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index a65dfc7ea9..0055ebba46 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Test framework for git.  See t/README for usage.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
 #
@@ -15,6 +15,39 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
 
+# Test the binaries we have just built.  The tests are kept in
+# t/ subdirectory and are run in 'trash directory' subdirectory.
+if test -z "$TEST_DIRECTORY"
+then
+	# We allow tests to override this, in case they want to run tests
+	# outside of t/, e.g. for running tests on the test library
+	# itself.
+	TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
+else
+	# ensure that TEST_DIRECTORY is an absolute path so that it
+	# is valid even if the current working directory is changed
+	TEST_DIRECTORY=$(cd "$TEST_DIRECTORY" && pwd) || exit 1
+fi
+if test -z "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"
+then
+	# Similarly, override this to store the test-results subdir
+	# elsewhere
+	TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$TEST_DIRECTORY
+fi
+GIT_BUILD_DIR="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/..
+
+################################################################
+# It appears that people try to run tests without building...
+"$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git" >/dev/null
+if test $? != 1
+then
+	echo >&2 'error: you do not seem to have built git yet.'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+export PERL_PATH SHELL_PATH
+
 # if --tee was passed, write the output not only to the terminal, but
 # additionally to the file test-results/$BASENAME.out, too.
 case "$GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED, $* " in
@@ -22,30 +55,28 @@ done,*)
 	# do not redirect again
 	;;
 *' --tee '*|*' --va'*)
-	mkdir -p test-results
-	BASE=test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)
-	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL-sh} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
+	mkdir -p "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
+	BASE="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL_PATH} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
 	 echo $? > $BASE.exit) | tee $BASE.out
 	test "$(cat $BASE.exit)" = 0
 	exit
 	;;
 esac
 
-# Keep the original TERM for say_color
-ORIGINAL_TERM=$TERM
-
 # For repeatability, reset the environment to known value.
+# TERM is sanitized below, after saving color control sequences.
 LANG=C
 LC_ALL=C
 PAGER=cat
 TZ=UTC
-TERM=dumb
-export LANG LC_ALL PAGER TERM TZ
+export LANG LC_ALL PAGER TZ
 EDITOR=:
-unset VISUAL
-unset EMAIL
-unset LANGUAGE
-unset $(perl -e '
+# A call to "unset" with no arguments causes at least Solaris 10
+# /usr/xpg4/bin/sh and /bin/ksh to bail out.  So keep the unsets
+# deriving from the command substitution clustered with the other
+# ones.
+unset VISUAL EMAIL LANGUAGE COLUMNS $("$PERL_PATH" -e '
 	my @env = keys %ENV;
 	my $ok = join("|", qw(
 		TRACE
@@ -55,33 +86,71 @@ unset $(perl -e '
 		.*_TEST
 		PROVE
 		VALGRIND
+		UNZIP
+		PERF_
+		CURL_VERBOSE
 	));
 	my @vars = grep(/^GIT_/ && !/^GIT_($ok)/o, @env);
 	print join("\n", @vars);
 ')
+unset XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+unset GITPERLLIB
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=author@example.com
 GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'
 GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=committer@example.com
 GIT_COMMITTER_NAME='C O Mitter'
 GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=5
-export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY
+GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT=no
+export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT
 export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
 export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 export EDITOR
 
+# Tests using GIT_TRACE typically don't want <timestamp> <file>:<line> output
+GIT_TRACE_BARE=1
+export GIT_TRACE_BARE
+
+if test -n "${TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION:+isset}"
+then
+	GIT_INDEX_VERSION="$TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION"
+	export GIT_INDEX_VERSION
+fi
+
+# Add libc MALLOC and MALLOC_PERTURB test
+# only if we are not executing the test with valgrind
+if expr " $GIT_TEST_OPTS " : ".* --valgrind " >/dev/null ||
+   test -n "$TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK"
+then
+	setup_malloc_check () {
+		: nothing
+	}
+	teardown_malloc_check () {
+		: nothing
+	}
+else
+	setup_malloc_check () {
+		MALLOC_CHECK_=3	MALLOC_PERTURB_=165
+		export MALLOC_CHECK_ MALLOC_PERTURB_
+	}
+	teardown_malloc_check () {
+		unset MALLOC_CHECK_ MALLOC_PERTURB_
+	}
+fi
+
+: ${ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0}
+export ASAN_OPTIONS
+
 # Protect ourselves from common misconfiguration to export
 # CDPATH into the environment
 unset CDPATH
 
 unset GREP_OPTIONS
+unset UNZIP
 
 case $(echo $GIT_TRACE |tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]") in
-	1|2|true)
-		echo "* warning: Some tests will not work if GIT_TRACE" \
-			"is set as to trace on STDERR ! *"
-		echo "* warning: Please set GIT_TRACE to something" \
-			"other than 1, 2 or true ! *"
-		;;
+1|2|true)
+	GIT_TRACE=4
+	;;
 esac
 
 # Convenience
@@ -97,16 +166,20 @@ _z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 LF='
 '
 
+# UTF-8 ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER, which HFS+ ignores
+# when case-folding filenames
+u200c=$(printf '\342\200\214')
+
+export _x05 _x40 _z40 LF u200c
+
 # Each test should start with something like this, after copyright notices:
 #
 # test_description='Description of this test...
 # This test checks if command xyzzy does the right thing...
 # '
 # . ./test-lib.sh
-[ "x$ORIGINAL_TERM" != "xdumb" ] && (
-		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM &&
-		export TERM &&
-		[ -t 1 ] &&
+test "x$TERM" != "xdumb" && (
+		test -t 1 &&
 		tput bold >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
 		tput setaf 1 >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
 		tput sgr0 >/dev/null 2>&1
@@ -122,10 +195,21 @@ do
 		immediate=t; shift ;;
 	-l|--l|--lo|--lon|--long|--long-|--long-t|--long-te|--long-tes|--long-test|--long-tests)
 		GIT_TEST_LONG=t; export GIT_TEST_LONG; shift ;;
+	-r)
+		shift; test "$#" -ne 0 || {
+			echo 'error: -r requires an argument' >&2;
+			exit 1;
+		}
+		run_list=$1; shift ;;
+	--run=*)
+		run_list=${1#--*=}; shift ;;
 	-h|--h|--he|--hel|--help)
 		help=t; shift ;;
 	-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--verb|--verbo|--verbos|--verbose)
 		verbose=t; shift ;;
+	--verbose-only=*)
+		verbose_only=${1#--*=}
+		shift ;;
 	-q|--q|--qu|--qui|--quie|--quiet)
 		# Ignore --quiet under a TAP::Harness. Saying how many tests
 		# passed without the ok/not ok details is always an error.
@@ -135,43 +219,81 @@ do
 	--no-color)
 		color=; shift ;;
 	--va|--val|--valg|--valgr|--valgri|--valgrin|--valgrind)
-		valgrind=t; verbose=t; shift ;;
+		valgrind=memcheck
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind=*)
+		valgrind=${1#--*=}
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind-only=*)
+		valgrind_only=${1#--*=}
+		shift ;;
 	--tee)
 		shift ;; # was handled already
 	--root=*)
-		root=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		root=${1#--*=}
+		shift ;;
+	--chain-lint)
+		GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT=1
+		shift ;;
+	--no-chain-lint)
+		GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT=0
+		shift ;;
+	-x)
+		trace=t
+		verbose=t
 		shift ;;
 	*)
 		echo "error: unknown test option '$1'" >&2; exit 1 ;;
 	esac
 done
 
-if test -n "$color"; then
+if test -n "$valgrind_only"
+then
+	test -z "$valgrind" && valgrind=memcheck
+	test -z "$verbose" && verbose_only="$valgrind_only"
+elif test -n "$valgrind"
+then
+	verbose=t
+fi
+
+if test -n "$color"
+then
+	# Save the color control sequences now rather than run tput
+	# each time say_color() is called.  This is done for two
+	# reasons:
+	#   * TERM will be changed to dumb
+	#   * HOME will be changed to a temporary directory and tput
+	#     might need to read ~/.terminfo from the original HOME
+	#     directory to get the control sequences
+	# Note:  This approach assumes the control sequences don't end
+	# in a newline for any terminal of interest (command
+	# substitutions strip trailing newlines).  Given that most
+	# (all?) terminals in common use are related to ECMA-48, this
+	# shouldn't be a problem.
+	say_color_error=$(tput bold; tput setaf 1) # bold red
+	say_color_skip=$(tput setaf 4) # blue
+	say_color_warn=$(tput setaf 3) # brown/yellow
+	say_color_pass=$(tput setaf 2) # green
+	say_color_info=$(tput setaf 6) # cyan
+	say_color_reset=$(tput sgr0)
+	say_color_="" # no formatting for normal text
 	say_color () {
-		(
-		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM
-		export TERM
-		case "$1" in
-			error) tput bold; tput setaf 1;; # bold red
-			skip)  tput bold; tput setaf 2;; # bold green
-			pass)  tput setaf 2;;            # green
-			info)  tput setaf 3;;            # brown
-			*) test -n "$quiet" && return;;
-		esac
+		test -z "$1" && test -n "$quiet" && return
+		eval "say_color_color=\$say_color_$1"
 		shift
-		printf "%s" "$*"
-		tput sgr0
-		echo
-		)
+		printf "%s\\n" "$say_color_color$*$say_color_reset"
 	}
 else
 	say_color() {
 		test -z "$1" && test -n "$quiet" && return
 		shift
-		echo "$*"
+		printf "%s\n" "$*"
 	}
 fi
 
+TERM=dumb
+export TERM
+
 error () {
 	say_color error "error: $*"
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
@@ -187,7 +309,7 @@ error "Test script did not set test_description."
 
 if test "$help" = "t"
 then
-	echo "$test_description"
+	printf '%s\n' "$test_description"
 	exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -200,6 +322,19 @@ else
 	exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
 fi
 
+# Send any "-x" output directly to stderr to avoid polluting tests
+# which capture stderr. We can do this unconditionally since it
+# has no effect if tracing isn't turned on.
+#
+# Note that this sets up the trace fd as soon as we assign the variable, so it
+# must come after the creation of descriptor 4 above. Likewise, we must never
+# unset this, as it has the side effect of closing descriptor 4, which we
+# use to show verbose tests to the user.
+#
+# Note also that we don't need or want to export it. The tracing is local to
+# this shell, and we would not want to influence any shells we exec.
+BASH_XTRACEFD=4
+
 test_failure=0
 test_count=0
 test_fixed=0
@@ -221,306 +356,313 @@ die () {
 
 GIT_EXIT_OK=
 trap 'die' EXIT
+trap 'exit $?' INT
 
-# The semantics of the editor variables are that of invoking
-# sh -c "$EDITOR \"$@\"" files ...
-#
-# If our trash directory contains shell metacharacters, they will be
-# interpreted if we just set $EDITOR directly, so do a little dance with
-# environment variables to work around this.
-#
-# In particular, quoting isn't enough, as the path may contain the same quote
-# that we're using.
-test_set_editor () {
-	FAKE_EDITOR="$1"
-	export FAKE_EDITOR
-	EDITOR='"$FAKE_EDITOR"'
-	export EDITOR
-}
-
-test_decode_color () {
-	awk '
-		function name(n) {
-			if (n == 0) return "RESET";
-			if (n == 1) return "BOLD";
-			if (n == 30) return "BLACK";
-			if (n == 31) return "RED";
-			if (n == 32) return "GREEN";
-			if (n == 33) return "YELLOW";
-			if (n == 34) return "BLUE";
-			if (n == 35) return "MAGENTA";
-			if (n == 36) return "CYAN";
-			if (n == 37) return "WHITE";
-			if (n == 40) return "BLACK";
-			if (n == 41) return "BRED";
-			if (n == 42) return "BGREEN";
-			if (n == 43) return "BYELLOW";
-			if (n == 44) return "BBLUE";
-			if (n == 45) return "BMAGENTA";
-			if (n == 46) return "BCYAN";
-			if (n == 47) return "BWHITE";
-		}
-		{
-			while (match($0, /\033\[[0-9;]*m/) != 0) {
-				printf "%s<", substr($0, 1, RSTART-1);
-				codes = substr($0, RSTART+2, RLENGTH-3);
-				if (length(codes) == 0)
-					printf "%s", name(0)
-				else {
-					n = split(codes, ary, ";");
-					sep = "";
-					for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
-						printf "%s%s", sep, name(ary[i]);
-						sep = ";"
-					}
-				}
-				printf ">";
-				$0 = substr($0, RSTART + RLENGTH, length($0) - RSTART - RLENGTH + 1);
-			}
-			print
-		}
-	'
-}
-
-nul_to_q () {
-	perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/'
-}
-
-q_to_nul () {
-	perl -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
-}
+# The user-facing functions are loaded from a separate file so that
+# test_perf subshells can have them too
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib-functions.sh"
 
-q_to_cr () {
-	tr Q '\015'
-}
-
-q_to_tab () {
-	tr Q '\011'
-}
+# You are not expected to call test_ok_ and test_failure_ directly, use
+# the test_expect_* functions instead.
 
-append_cr () {
-	sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
+test_ok_ () {
+	test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
+	say_color "" "ok $test_count - $@"
 }
 
-remove_cr () {
-	tr '\015' Q | sed -e 's/Q$//'
+test_failure_ () {
+	test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
+	say_color error "not ok $test_count - $1"
+	shift
+	printf '%s\n' "$*" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+	test "$immediate" = "" || { GIT_EXIT_OK=t; exit 1; }
 }
 
-# In some bourne shell implementations, the "unset" builtin returns
-# nonzero status when a variable to be unset was not set in the first
-# place.
-#
-# Use sane_unset when that should not be considered an error.
-
-sane_unset () {
-	unset "$@"
-	return 0
+test_known_broken_ok_ () {
+	test_fixed=$(($test_fixed+1))
+	say_color error "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage vanished"
 }
 
-test_tick () {
-	if test -z "${test_tick+set}"
-	then
-		test_tick=1112911993
-	else
-		test_tick=$(($test_tick + 60))
-	fi
-	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$test_tick -0700"
-	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="$test_tick -0700"
-	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+test_known_broken_failure_ () {
+	test_broken=$(($test_broken+1))
+	say_color warn "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
 }
 
-# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents>]]"
-#
-# This will commit a file with the given contents and the given commit
-# message.  It will also add a tag with <message> as name.
-#
-# Both <file> and <contents> default to <message>.
-
-test_commit () {
-	file=${2:-"$1.t"}
-	echo "${3-$1}" > "$file" &&
-	git add "$file" &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "$1" &&
-	git tag "$1"
+test_debug () {
+	test "$debug" = "" || eval "$1"
 }
 
-# Call test_merge with the arguments "<message> <commit>", where <commit>
-# can be a tag pointing to the commit-to-merge.
-
-test_merge () {
-	test_tick &&
-	git merge -m "$1" "$2" &&
-	git tag "$1"
+match_pattern_list () {
+	arg="$1"
+	shift
+	test -z "$*" && return 1
+	for pattern_
+	do
+		case "$arg" in
+		$pattern_)
+			return 0
+		esac
+	done
+	return 1
 }
 
-# This function helps systems where core.filemode=false is set.
-# Use it instead of plain 'chmod +x' to set or unset the executable bit
-# of a file in the working directory and add it to the index.
+match_test_selector_list () {
+	title="$1"
+	shift
+	arg="$1"
+	shift
+	test -z "$1" && return 0
 
-test_chmod () {
-	chmod "$@" &&
-	git update-index --add "--chmod=$@"
-}
+	# Both commas and whitespace are accepted as separators.
+	OLDIFS=$IFS
+	IFS=' 	,'
+	set -- $1
+	IFS=$OLDIFS
 
-# Unset a configuration variable, but don't fail if it doesn't exist.
-test_unconfig () {
-	git config --unset-all "$@"
-	config_status=$?
-	case "$config_status" in
-	5) # ok, nothing to unset
-		config_status=0
-		;;
+	# If the first selector is negative we include by default.
+	include=
+	case "$1" in
+		!*) include=t ;;
 	esac
-	return $config_status
-}
-
-# Set git config, automatically unsetting it after the test is over.
-test_config () {
-	test_when_finished "test_unconfig '$1'" &&
-	git config "$@"
-}
-
-test_config_global () {
-	test_when_finished "test_unconfig --global '$1'" &&
-	git config --global "$@"
-}
-
-# Use test_set_prereq to tell that a particular prerequisite is available.
-# The prerequisite can later be checked for in two ways:
-#
-# - Explicitly using test_have_prereq.
-#
-# - Implicitly by specifying the prerequisite tag in the calls to
-#   test_expect_{success,failure,code}.
-#
-# The single parameter is the prerequisite tag (a simple word, in all
-# capital letters by convention).
-
-test_set_prereq () {
-	satisfied="$satisfied$1 "
-}
-satisfied=" "
 
-test_have_prereq () {
-	# prerequisites can be concatenated with ','
-	save_IFS=$IFS
-	IFS=,
-	set -- $*
-	IFS=$save_IFS
+	for selector
+	do
+		orig_selector=$selector
+
+		positive=t
+		case "$selector" in
+			!*)
+				positive=
+				selector=${selector##?}
+				;;
+		esac
 
-	total_prereq=0
-	ok_prereq=0
-	missing_prereq=
+		test -z "$selector" && continue
+
+		case "$selector" in
+			*-*)
+				if expr "z${selector%%-*}" : "z[0-9]*[^0-9]" >/dev/null
+				then
+					echo "error: $title: invalid non-numeric in range" \
+						"start: '$orig_selector'" >&2
+					exit 1
+				fi
+				if expr "z${selector#*-}" : "z[0-9]*[^0-9]" >/dev/null
+				then
+					echo "error: $title: invalid non-numeric in range" \
+						"end: '$orig_selector'" >&2
+					exit 1
+				fi
+				;;
+			*)
+				if expr "z$selector" : "z[0-9]*[^0-9]" >/dev/null
+				then
+					echo "error: $title: invalid non-numeric in test" \
+						"selector: '$orig_selector'" >&2
+					exit 1
+				fi
+		esac
 
-	for prerequisite
-	do
-		total_prereq=$(($total_prereq + 1))
-		case $satisfied in
-		*" $prerequisite "*)
-			ok_prereq=$(($ok_prereq + 1))
-			;;
-		*)
-			# Keep a list of missing prerequisites
-			if test -z "$missing_prereq"
-			then
-				missing_prereq=$prerequisite
-			else
-				missing_prereq="$prerequisite,$missing_prereq"
-			fi
+		# Short cut for "obvious" cases
+		test -z "$include" && test -z "$positive" && continue
+		test -n "$include" && test -n "$positive" && continue
+
+		case "$selector" in
+			-*)
+				if test $arg -le ${selector#-}
+				then
+					include=$positive
+				fi
+				;;
+			*-)
+				if test $arg -ge ${selector%-}
+				then
+					include=$positive
+				fi
+				;;
+			*-*)
+				if test ${selector%%-*} -le $arg \
+					&& test $arg -le ${selector#*-}
+				then
+					include=$positive
+				fi
+				;;
+			*)
+				if test $arg -eq $selector
+				then
+					include=$positive
+				fi
+				;;
 		esac
 	done
 
-	test $total_prereq = $ok_prereq
+	test -n "$include"
 }
 
-test_declared_prereq () {
-	case ",$test_prereq," in
-	*,$1,*)
-		return 0
-		;;
-	esac
-	return 1
+maybe_teardown_verbose () {
+	test -z "$verbose_only" && return
+	exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+	verbose=
 }
 
-# You are not expected to call test_ok_ and test_failure_ directly, use
-# the text_expect_* functions instead.
-
-test_ok_ () {
-	test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
-	say_color "" "ok $test_count - $@"
+last_verbose=t
+maybe_setup_verbose () {
+	test -z "$verbose_only" && return
+	if match_pattern_list $test_count $verbose_only
+	then
+		exec 4>&2 3>&1
+		# Emit a delimiting blank line when going from
+		# non-verbose to verbose.  Within verbose mode the
+		# delimiter is printed by test_expect_*.  The choice
+		# of the initial $last_verbose is such that before
+		# test 1, we do not print it.
+		test -z "$last_verbose" && echo >&3 ""
+		verbose=t
+	else
+		exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+		verbose=
+	fi
+	last_verbose=$verbose
 }
 
-test_failure_ () {
-	test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
-	say_color error "not ok - $test_count $1"
-	shift
-	echo "$@" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
-	test "$immediate" = "" || { GIT_EXIT_OK=t; exit 1; }
+maybe_teardown_valgrind () {
+	test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND" && return
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
 }
 
-test_known_broken_ok_ () {
-	test_fixed=$(($test_fixed+1))
-	say_color "" "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+maybe_setup_valgrind () {
+	test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND" && return
+	if test -z "$valgrind_only"
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+		return
+	fi
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+	if match_pattern_list $test_count $valgrind_only
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	fi
 }
 
-test_known_broken_failure_ () {
-	test_broken=$(($test_broken+1))
-	say_color skip "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+want_trace () {
+	test "$trace" = t && test "$verbose" = t
 }
 
-test_debug () {
-	test "$debug" = "" || eval "$1"
+# This is a separate function because some tests use
+# "return" to end a test_expect_success block early
+# (and we want to make sure we run any cleanup like
+# "set +x").
+test_eval_inner_ () {
+	# Do not add anything extra (including LF) after '$*'
+	eval "
+		want_trace && set -x
+		$*"
 }
 
 test_eval_ () {
-	# This is a separate function because some tests use
-	# "return" to end a test_expect_success block early.
-	eval </dev/null >&3 2>&4 "$*"
+	# We run this block with stderr redirected to avoid extra cruft
+	# during a "-x" trace. Once in "set -x" mode, we cannot prevent
+	# the shell from printing the "set +x" to turn it off (nor the saving
+	# of $? before that). But we can make sure that the output goes to
+	# /dev/null.
+	#
+	# The test itself is run with stderr put back to &4 (so either to
+	# /dev/null, or to the original stderr if --verbose was used).
+	{
+		test_eval_inner_ "$@" </dev/null >&3 2>&4
+		test_eval_ret_=$?
+		if want_trace
+		then
+			set +x
+			if test "$test_eval_ret_" != 0
+			then
+				say_color error >&4 "error: last command exited with \$?=$test_eval_ret_"
+			fi
+		fi
+	} 2>/dev/null
+	return $test_eval_ret_
 }
 
 test_run_ () {
 	test_cleanup=:
 	expecting_failure=$2
+
+	if test "${GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT:-1}" != 0; then
+		# turn off tracing for this test-eval, as it simply creates
+		# confusing noise in the "-x" output
+		trace_tmp=$trace
+		trace=
+		# 117 is magic because it is unlikely to match the exit
+		# code of other programs
+		test_eval_ "(exit 117) && $1"
+		if test "$?" != 117; then
+			error "bug in the test script: broken &&-chain: $1"
+		fi
+		trace=$trace_tmp
+	fi
+
+	setup_malloc_check
 	test_eval_ "$1"
 	eval_ret=$?
+	teardown_malloc_check
 
-	if test -z "$immediate" || test $eval_ret = 0 || test -n "$expecting_failure"
+	if test -z "$immediate" || test $eval_ret = 0 ||
+	   test -n "$expecting_failure" && test "$test_cleanup" != ":"
 	then
+		setup_malloc_check
 		test_eval_ "$test_cleanup"
+		teardown_malloc_check
 	fi
-	if test "$verbose" = "t" && test -n "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"; then
+	if test "$verbose" = "t" && test -n "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"
+	then
 		echo ""
 	fi
 	return "$eval_ret"
 }
 
-test_skip () {
+test_start_ () {
 	test_count=$(($test_count+1))
+	maybe_setup_verbose
+	maybe_setup_valgrind
+}
+
+test_finish_ () {
+	echo >&3 ""
+	maybe_teardown_valgrind
+	maybe_teardown_verbose
+}
+
+test_skip () {
 	to_skip=
-	for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
-	do
-		case $this_test.$test_count in
-		$skp)
-			to_skip=t
-			break
-		esac
-	done
+	skipped_reason=
+	if match_pattern_list $this_test.$test_count $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+	then
+		to_skip=t
+		skipped_reason="GIT_SKIP_TESTS"
+	fi
 	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$test_prereq" &&
 	   ! test_have_prereq "$test_prereq"
 	then
 		to_skip=t
-	fi
-	case "$to_skip" in
-	t)
+
 		of_prereq=
 		if test "$missing_prereq" != "$test_prereq"
 		then
 			of_prereq=" of $test_prereq"
 		fi
+		skipped_reason="missing $missing_prereq${of_prereq}"
+	fi
+	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$run_list" &&
+		! match_test_selector_list '--run' $test_count "$run_list"
+	then
+		to_skip=t
+		skipped_reason="--run"
+	fi
 
+	case "$to_skip" in
+	t)
 		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test: $@"
-		say_color skip "ok $test_count # skip $1 (missing $missing_prereq${of_prereq})"
+		say_color skip "ok $test_count # skip $1 ($skipped_reason)"
 		: true
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -529,320 +671,20 @@ test_skip () {
 	esac
 }
 
-test_expect_failure () {
-	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
-	test "$#" = 2 ||
-	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-failure"
-	export test_prereq
-	if ! test_skip "$@"
-	then
-		say >&3 "checking known breakage: $2"
-		if test_run_ "$2" expecting_failure
-		then
-			test_known_broken_ok_ "$1"
-		else
-			test_known_broken_failure_ "$1"
-		fi
-	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
-}
-
-test_expect_success () {
-	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
-	test "$#" = 2 ||
-	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
-	export test_prereq
-	if ! test_skip "$@"
-	then
-		say >&3 "expecting success: $2"
-		if test_run_ "$2"
-		then
-			test_ok_ "$1"
-		else
-			test_failure_ "$@"
-		fi
-	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
-}
-
-# test_external runs external test scripts that provide continuous
-# test output about their progress, and succeeds/fails on
-# zero/non-zero exit code.  It outputs the test output on stdout even
-# in non-verbose mode, and announces the external script with "# run
-# <n>: ..." before running it.  When providing relative paths, keep in
-# mind that all scripts run in "trash directory".
-# Usage: test_external description command arguments...
-# Example: test_external 'Perl API' perl ../path/to/test.pl
-test_external () {
-	test "$#" = 4 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
-	test "$#" = 3 ||
-	error >&5 "bug in the test script: not 3 or 4 parameters to test_external"
-	descr="$1"
-	shift
-	export test_prereq
-	if ! test_skip "$descr" "$@"
-	then
-		# Announce the script to reduce confusion about the
-		# test output that follows.
-		say_color "" "# run $test_count: $descr ($*)"
-		# Export TEST_DIRECTORY, TRASH_DIRECTORY and GIT_TEST_LONG
-		# to be able to use them in script
-		export TEST_DIRECTORY TRASH_DIRECTORY GIT_TEST_LONG
-		# Run command; redirect its stderr to &4 as in
-		# test_run_, but keep its stdout on our stdout even in
-		# non-verbose mode.
-		"$@" 2>&4
-		if [ "$?" = 0 ]
-		then
-			if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
-				test_ok_ "$descr"
-			else
-				say_color "" "# test_external test $descr was ok"
-				test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
-			fi
-		else
-			if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
-				test_failure_ "$descr" "$@"
-			else
-				say_color error "# test_external test $descr failed: $@"
-				test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
-			fi
-		fi
-	fi
-}
-
-# Like test_external, but in addition tests that the command generated
-# no output on stderr.
-test_external_without_stderr () {
-	# The temporary file has no (and must have no) security
-	# implications.
-	tmp=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
-	stderr="$tmp/git-external-stderr.$$.tmp"
-	test_external "$@" 4> "$stderr"
-	[ -f "$stderr" ] || error "Internal error: $stderr disappeared."
-	descr="no stderr: $1"
-	shift
-	say >&3 "# expecting no stderr from previous command"
-	if [ ! -s "$stderr" ]; then
-		rm "$stderr"
-
-		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
-			test_ok_ "$descr"
-		else
-			say_color "" "# test_external_without_stderr test $descr was ok"
-			test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
-		fi
-	else
-		if [ "$verbose" = t ]; then
-			output=`echo; echo "# Stderr is:"; cat "$stderr"`
-		else
-			output=
-		fi
-		# rm first in case test_failure exits.
-		rm "$stderr"
-		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
-			test_failure_ "$descr" "$@" "$output"
-		else
-			say_color error "# test_external_without_stderr test $descr failed: $@: $output"
-			test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
-		fi
-	fi
-}
-
-# debugging-friendly alternatives to "test [-f|-d|-e]"
-# The commands test the existence or non-existence of $1. $2 can be
-# given to provide a more precise diagnosis.
-test_path_is_file () {
-	if ! [ -f "$1" ]
-	then
-		echo "File $1 doesn't exist. $*"
-		false
-	fi
-}
-
-test_path_is_dir () {
-	if ! [ -d "$1" ]
-	then
-		echo "Directory $1 doesn't exist. $*"
-		false
-	fi
-}
-
-test_path_is_missing () {
-	if [ -e "$1" ]
-	then
-		echo "Path exists:"
-		ls -ld "$1"
-		if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
-			echo "$*"
-		fi
-		false
-	fi
-}
-
-# test_line_count checks that a file has the number of lines it
-# ought to. For example:
-#
-#	test_expect_success 'produce exactly one line of output' '
-#		do something >output &&
-#		test_line_count = 1 output
-#	'
-#
-# is like "test $(wc -l <output) = 1" except that it passes the
-# output through when the number of lines is wrong.
-
-test_line_count () {
-	if test $# != 3
-	then
-		error "bug in the test script: not 3 parameters to test_line_count"
-	elif ! test $(wc -l <"$3") "$1" "$2"
-	then
-		echo "test_line_count: line count for $3 !$1 $2"
-		cat "$3"
-		return 1
-	fi
-}
-
-# This is not among top-level (test_expect_success | test_expect_failure)
-# but is a prefix that can be used in the test script, like:
-#
-#	test_expect_success 'complain and die' '
-#           do something &&
-#           do something else &&
-#	    test_must_fail git checkout ../outerspace
-#	'
-#
-# Writing this as "! git checkout ../outerspace" is wrong, because
-# the failure could be due to a segv.  We want a controlled failure.
-
-test_must_fail () {
-	"$@"
-	exit_code=$?
-	if test $exit_code = 0; then
-		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command succeeded: $*"
-		return 1
-	elif test $exit_code -gt 129 -a $exit_code -le 192; then
-		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: died by signal: $*"
-		return 1
-	elif test $exit_code = 127; then
-		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command not found: $*"
-		return 1
-	fi
-	return 0
-}
-
-# Similar to test_must_fail, but tolerates success, too.  This is
-# meant to be used in contexts like:
-#
-#	test_expect_success 'some command works without configuration' '
-#		test_might_fail git config --unset all.configuration &&
-#		do something
-#	'
-#
-# Writing "git config --unset all.configuration || :" would be wrong,
-# because we want to notice if it fails due to segv.
-
-test_might_fail () {
-	"$@"
-	exit_code=$?
-	if test $exit_code -gt 129 -a $exit_code -le 192; then
-		echo >&2 "test_might_fail: died by signal: $*"
-		return 1
-	elif test $exit_code = 127; then
-		echo >&2 "test_might_fail: command not found: $*"
-		return 1
-	fi
-	return 0
-}
-
-# Similar to test_must_fail and test_might_fail, but check that a
-# given command exited with a given exit code. Meant to be used as:
-#
-#	test_expect_success 'Merge with d/f conflicts' '
-#		test_expect_code 1 git merge "merge msg" B master
-#	'
-
-test_expect_code () {
-	want_code=$1
-	shift
-	"$@"
-	exit_code=$?
-	if test $exit_code = $want_code
-	then
-		return 0
-	fi
-
-	echo >&2 "test_expect_code: command exited with $exit_code, we wanted $want_code $*"
-	return 1
-}
-
-# test_cmp is a helper function to compare actual and expected output.
-# You can use it like:
-#
-#	test_expect_success 'foo works' '
-#		echo expected >expected &&
-#		foo >actual &&
-#		test_cmp expected actual
-#	'
-#
-# This could be written as either "cmp" or "diff -u", but:
-# - cmp's output is not nearly as easy to read as diff -u
-# - not all diff versions understand "-u"
-
-test_cmp() {
-	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
-}
-
-# This function can be used to schedule some commands to be run
-# unconditionally at the end of the test to restore sanity:
-#
-#	test_expect_success 'test core.capslock' '
-#		git config core.capslock true &&
-#		test_when_finished "git config --unset core.capslock" &&
-#		hello world
-#	'
-#
-# That would be roughly equivalent to
-#
-#	test_expect_success 'test core.capslock' '
-#		git config core.capslock true &&
-#		hello world
-#		git config --unset core.capslock
-#	'
-#
-# except that the greeting and config --unset must both succeed for
-# the test to pass.
-#
-# Note that under --immediate mode, no clean-up is done to help diagnose
-# what went wrong.
-
-test_when_finished () {
-	test_cleanup="{ $*
-		} && (exit \"\$eval_ret\"); eval_ret=\$?; $test_cleanup"
-}
-
-# Most tests can use the created repository, but some may need to create more.
-# Usage: test_create_repo <directory>
-test_create_repo () {
-	test "$#" = 1 ||
-	error "bug in the test script: not 1 parameter to test-create-repo"
-	repo="$1"
-	mkdir -p "$repo"
-	(
-		cd "$repo" || error "Cannot setup test environment"
-		"$GIT_EXEC_PATH/git-init" "--template=$GIT_BUILD_DIR/templates/blt/" >&3 2>&4 ||
-		error "cannot run git init -- have you built things yet?"
-		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
-	) || exit
+# stub; perf-lib overrides it
+test_at_end_hook_ () {
+	:
 }
 
 test_done () {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 
-	if test -z "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"; then
-		test_results_dir="$TEST_DIRECTORY/test-results"
+	if test -z "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"
+	then
+		test_results_dir="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
 		mkdir -p "$test_results_dir"
-		test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${0%.sh}-$$.counts"
+		base=${0##*/}
+		test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${base%.sh}-$$.counts"
 
 		cat >>"$test_results_path" <<-EOF
 		total $test_count
@@ -856,22 +698,35 @@ test_done () {
 
 	if test "$test_fixed" != 0
 	then
-		say_color pass "# fixed $test_fixed known breakage(s)"
+		say_color error "# $test_fixed known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)"
 	fi
 	if test "$test_broken" != 0
 	then
-		say_color error "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
-		msg="remaining $(($test_count-$test_broken)) test(s)"
+		say_color warn "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
+	fi
+	if test "$test_broken" != 0 || test "$test_fixed" != 0
+	then
+		test_remaining=$(( $test_count - $test_broken - $test_fixed ))
+		msg="remaining $test_remaining test(s)"
 	else
+		test_remaining=$test_count
 		msg="$test_count test(s)"
 	fi
 	case "$test_failure" in
 	0)
 		# Maybe print SKIP message
-		[ -z "$skip_all" ] || skip_all=" # SKIP $skip_all"
+		if test -n "$skip_all" && test $test_count -gt 0
+		then
+			error "Can't use skip_all after running some tests"
+		fi
+		test -z "$skip_all" || skip_all=" # SKIP $skip_all"
 
-		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
-			say_color pass "# passed all $msg"
+		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
+		then
+			if test $test_remaining -gt 0
+			then
+				say_color pass "# passed all $msg"
+			fi
 			say "1..$test_count$skip_all"
 		fi
 
@@ -879,10 +734,13 @@ test_done () {
 		cd "$(dirname "$remove_trash")" &&
 		rm -rf "$(basename "$remove_trash")"
 
+		test_at_end_hook_
+
 		exit 0 ;;
 
 	*)
-		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
+		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
+		then
 			say_color error "# failed $test_failure among $msg"
 			say "1..$test_count"
 		fi
@@ -892,17 +750,6 @@ test_done () {
 	esac
 }
 
-# Test the binaries we have just built.  The tests are kept in
-# t/ subdirectory and are run in 'trash directory' subdirectory.
-if test -z "$TEST_DIRECTORY"
-then
-	# We allow tests to override this, in case they want to run tests
-	# outside of t/, e.g. for running tests on the test library
-	# itself.
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
-fi
-GIT_BUILD_DIR="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/..
-
 if test -n "$valgrind"
 then
 	make_symlink () {
@@ -926,11 +773,9 @@ then
 
 	make_valgrind_symlink () {
 		# handle only executables, unless they are shell libraries that
-		# need to be in the exec-path.  We will just use "#!" as a
-		# guess for a shell-script, since we have no idea what the user
-		# may have configured as the shell path.
+		# need to be in the exec-path.
 		test -x "$1" ||
-		test "#!" = "$(head -c 2 <"$1")" ||
+		test "# " = "$(head -c 2 <"$1")" ||
 		return;
 
 		base=$(basename "$1")
@@ -973,33 +818,39 @@ then
 	PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin:$PATH
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin
 	export GIT_VALGRIND
-elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
+	GIT_VALGRIND_MODE="$valgrind"
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_MODE
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	test -n "$valgrind_only" && GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED
+elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED"
+then
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$($GIT_TEST_INSTALLED/git --exec-path)  ||
 	error "Cannot run git from $GIT_TEST_INSTALLED."
 	PATH=$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED:$GIT_BUILD_DIR:$PATH
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=${GIT_TEST_EXEC_PATH:-$GIT_EXEC_PATH}
 else # normal case, use ../bin-wrappers only unless $with_dashes:
 	git_bin_dir="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/bin-wrappers"
-	if ! test -x "$git_bin_dir/git" ; then
-		if test -z "$with_dashes" ; then
+	if ! test -x "$git_bin_dir/git"
+	then
+		if test -z "$with_dashes"
+		then
 			say "$git_bin_dir/git is not executable; using GIT_EXEC_PATH"
 		fi
 		with_dashes=t
 	fi
 	PATH="$git_bin_dir:$PATH"
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_BUILD_DIR
-	if test -n "$with_dashes" ; then
+	if test -n "$with_dashes"
+	then
 		PATH="$GIT_BUILD_DIR:$PATH"
 	fi
 fi
 GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR="$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/templates/blt
-unset GIT_CONFIG
 GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM=1
 GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM=1
 export PATH GIT_EXEC_PATH GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM
 
-. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
-
 if test -z "$GIT_TEST_CMP"
 then
 	if test -n "$GIT_TEST_CMP_USE_COPIED_CONTEXT"
@@ -1016,54 +867,49 @@ test -d "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/templates/blt || {
 	error "You haven't built things yet, have you?"
 }
 
-if test -z "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" && test -z "$NO_PYTHON"
+if ! test -x "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/t/helper/test-chmtime
 then
-	GITPYTHONLIB="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git_remote_helpers/build/lib"
-	export GITPYTHONLIB
-	test -d "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/git_remote_helpers/build || {
-		error "You haven't built git_remote_helpers yet, have you?"
-	}
-fi
-
-if ! test -x "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/test-chmtime; then
 	echo >&2 'You need to build test-chmtime:'
-	echo >&2 'Run "make test-chmtime" in the source (toplevel) directory'
+	echo >&2 'Run "make t/helper/test-chmtime" in the source (toplevel) directory'
 	exit 1
 fi
 
 # Test repository
-test="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
-test -n "$root" && test="$root/$test"
-case "$test" in
-/*) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$test" ;;
- *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_DIRECTORY/$test" ;;
+TRASH_DIRECTORY="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+test -n "$root" && TRASH_DIRECTORY="$root/$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+case "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" in
+/*) ;; # absolute path is good
+ *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$TRASH_DIRECTORY" ;;
 esac
 test ! -z "$debug" || remove_trash=$TRASH_DIRECTORY
-rm -fr "$test" || {
+rm -fr "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 	echo >&5 "FATAL: Cannot prepare test area"
 	exit 1
 }
 
 HOME="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
-export HOME
+GNUPGHOME="$HOME/gnupg-home-not-used"
+export HOME GNUPGHOME
 
-test_create_repo "$test"
+if test -z "$TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO"
+then
+	test_create_repo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+else
+	mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+fi
 # Use -P to resolve symlinks in our working directory so that the cwd
 # in subprocesses like git equals our $PWD (for pathname comparisons).
-cd -P "$test" || exit 1
+cd -P "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || exit 1
 
 this_test=${0##*/}
 this_test=${this_test%%-*}
-for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
-do
-	case "$this_test" in
-	$skp)
-		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
-		skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
-		test_done
-	esac
-done
+if match_pattern_list "$this_test" $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+then
+	say_color info >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
+	skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
+	test_done
+fi
 
 # Provide an implementation of the 'yes' utility
 yes () {
@@ -1074,9 +920,11 @@ yes () {
 		y="$*"
 	fi
 
-	while echo "$y"
+	i=0
+	while test $i -lt 99
 	do
-		:
+		echo "$y"
+		i=$(($i+1))
 	done
 }
 
@@ -1101,22 +949,26 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 	# backslashes in pathspec are converted to '/'
 	# exec does not inherit the PID
 	test_set_prereq MINGW
+	test_set_prereq NATIVE_CRLF
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
+	test_set_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
+	GIT_TEST_CMP=mingw_test_cmp
 	;;
 *CYGWIN*)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
-	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
+	test_set_prereq CYGWIN
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
+	test_set_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
 	;;
 *)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq BSLASHPSPEC
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
-	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
 	;;
 esac
 
+( COLUMNS=1 && test $COLUMNS = 1 ) && test_set_prereq COLUMNS_CAN_BE_1
 test -z "$NO_PERL" && test_set_prereq PERL
 test -z "$NO_PYTHON" && test_set_prereq PYTHON
 test -n "$USE_LIBPCRE" && test_set_prereq LIBPCRE
@@ -1158,10 +1010,104 @@ test_i18ngrep () {
 	fi
 }
 
-# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
-ln -s x y 2>/dev/null && test -h y 2>/dev/null && test_set_prereq SYMLINKS
-rm -f y
+test_lazy_prereq PIPE '
+	# test whether the filesystem supports FIFOs
+	case $(uname -s) in
+	CYGWIN*|MINGW*)
+		false
+		;;
+	*)
+		rm -f testfifo && mkfifo testfifo
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq SYMLINKS '
+	# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
+	ln -s x y && test -h y
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq FILEMODE '
+	test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = true
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS '
+	echo good >CamelCase &&
+	echo bad >camelcase &&
+	test "$(cat CamelCase)" != good
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC '
+	# check whether FS converts nfd unicode to nfc
+	auml=$(printf "\303\244")
+	aumlcdiar=$(printf "\141\314\210")
+	>"$auml" &&
+	case "$(echo *)" in
+	"$aumlcdiar")
+		true ;;
+	*)
+		false ;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq AUTOIDENT '
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq EXPENSIVE '
+	test -n "$GIT_TEST_LONG"
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq USR_BIN_TIME '
+	test -x /usr/bin/time
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq NOT_ROOT '
+	uid=$(id -u) &&
+	test "$uid" != 0
+'
+
+# SANITY is about "can you correctly predict what the filesystem would
+# do by only looking at the permission bits of the files and
+# directories?"  A typical example of !SANITY is running the test
+# suite as root, where a test may expect "chmod -r file && cat file"
+# to fail because file is supposed to be unreadable after a successful
+# chmod.  In an environment (i.e. combination of what filesystem is
+# being used and who is running the tests) that lacks SANITY, you may
+# be able to delete or create a file when the containing directory
+# doesn't have write permissions, or access a file even if the
+# containing directory doesn't have read or execute permissions.
+
+test_lazy_prereq SANITY '
+	mkdir SANETESTD.1 SANETESTD.2 &&
+
+	chmod +w SANETESTD.1 SANETESTD.2 &&
+	>SANETESTD.1/x 2>SANETESTD.2/x &&
+	chmod -w SANETESTD.1 &&
+	chmod -r SANETESTD.1/x &&
+	chmod -rx SANETESTD.2 ||
+	error "bug in test sript: cannot prepare SANETESTD"
+
+	! test -r SANETESTD.1/x &&
+	! rm SANETESTD.1/x && ! test -f SANETESTD.2/x
+	status=$?
+
+	chmod +rwx SANETESTD.1 SANETESTD.2 &&
+	rm -rf SANETESTD.1 SANETESTD.2 ||
+	error "bug in test sript: cannot clean SANETESTD"
+	return $status
+'
+
+GIT_UNZIP=${GIT_UNZIP:-unzip}
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP '
+	"$GIT_UNZIP" -v
+	test $? -ne 127
+'
+
+run_with_limited_cmdline () {
+	(ulimit -s 128 && "$@")
+}
 
-# When the tests are run as root, permission tests will report that
-# things are writable when they shouldn't be.
-test -w / || test_set_prereq SANITY
+test_lazy_prereq CMDLINE_LIMIT 'run_with_limited_cmdline true'
diff --git a/t/test-terminal.perl b/t/test-terminal.perl
index ee01eb957e..96b6a03e1c 100755
--- a/t/test-terminal.perl
+++ b/t/test-terminal.perl
@@ -5,15 +5,17 @@ use warnings;
 use IO::Pty;
 use File::Copy;
 
-# Run @$argv in the background with stdio redirected to $out and $err.
+# Run @$argv in the background with stdio redirected to $in, $out and $err.
 sub start_child {
-	my ($argv, $out, $err) = @_;
+	my ($argv, $in, $out, $err) = @_;
 	my $pid = fork;
 	if (not defined $pid) {
 		die "fork failed: $!"
 	} elsif ($pid == 0) {
+		open STDIN, "<&", $in;
 		open STDOUT, ">&", $out;
 		open STDERR, ">&", $err;
+		close $in;
 		close $out;
 		exec(@$argv) or die "cannot exec '$argv->[0]': $!"
 	}
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ sub finish_child {
 	} elsif ($? & 127) {
 		my $code = $? & 127;
 		warn "died of signal $code";
-		return $code - 128;
+		return $code + 128;
 	} else {
 		return $? >> 8;
 	}
@@ -49,6 +51,17 @@ sub xsendfile {
 	copy($in, $out, 4096) or $!{EIO} or die "cannot copy from child: $!";
 }
 
+sub copy_stdin {
+	my ($in) = @_;
+	my $pid = fork;
+	if (!$pid) {
+		xsendfile($in, \*STDIN);
+		exit 0;
+	}
+	close($in);
+	return $pid;
+}
+
 sub copy_stdio {
 	my ($out, $err) = @_;
 	my $pid = fork;
@@ -67,10 +80,25 @@ sub copy_stdio {
 if ($#ARGV < 1) {
 	die "usage: test-terminal program args";
 }
+my $master_in = new IO::Pty;
 my $master_out = new IO::Pty;
 my $master_err = new IO::Pty;
-my $pid = start_child(\@ARGV, $master_out->slave, $master_err->slave);
+$master_in->set_raw();
+$master_out->set_raw();
+$master_err->set_raw();
+$master_in->slave->set_raw();
+$master_out->slave->set_raw();
+$master_err->slave->set_raw();
+my $pid = start_child(\@ARGV, $master_in->slave, $master_out->slave, $master_err->slave);
+close $master_in->slave;
 close $master_out->slave;
 close $master_err->slave;
+my $in_pid = copy_stdin($master_in);
 copy_stdio($master_out, $master_err);
-exit(finish_child($pid));
+my $ret = finish_child($pid);
+# If the child process terminates before our copy_stdin() process is able to
+# write all of its data to $master_in, the copy_stdin() process could stall.
+# Send SIGTERM to it to ensure it terminates.
+kill 'TERM', $in_pid;
+finish_child($in_pid);
+exit($ret);
diff --git a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
index d8105d9fab..2ffc80f721 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-out_prefix=$(dirname "$0")/../test-results/valgrind.out
+# Get TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY from GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS if it's there...
+. "$(dirname "$0")/../../GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS"
+# ... otherwise set it to the default value.
+: ${TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(dirname "$0")/..}
+
 output=
 count=0
 total_count=0
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ handle_one () {
 	finish_output
 }
 
-for test_script in "$(dirname "$0")"/../test-results/*.out
+for test_script in "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"/test-results/*.out
 do
 	handle_one $test_script
 done
diff --git a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
index 582b4dca94..42153036dc 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
@@ -2,20 +2,30 @@
 
 base=$(basename "$0")
 
-TRACK_ORIGINS=
+TOOL_OPTIONS='--leak-check=no'
 
-VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
-VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
-VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
-test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
-test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
-TRACK_ORIGINS=--track-origins=yes
+test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED" &&
+exec "$GIT_VALGRIND"/../../"$base" "$@"
+
+case "$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE" in
+memcheck-fast)
+	;;
+memcheck)
+	VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
+	VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
+	VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
+	test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
+	test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="$TOOL_OPTIONS --track-origins=yes"
+	;;
+*)
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="--tool=$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE"
+esac
 
 exec valgrind -q --error-exitcode=126 \
-	--leak-check=no \
-	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
 	--gen-suppressions=all \
-	$TRACK_ORIGINS \
+	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
+	$TOOL_OPTIONS \
 	--log-fd=4 \
 	--input-fd=4 \
 	$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS \
diff --git a/tag.c b/tag.c
index 3aa186df62..d1dcd18cd7 100644
--- a/tag.c
+++ b/tag.c
@@ -4,16 +4,66 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 
-#define PGP_SIGNATURE "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----"
-#define PGP_MESSAGE "-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----"
-
 const char *tag_type = "tag";
 
+static int run_gpg_verify(const char *buf, unsigned long size, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct signature_check sigc;
+	size_t payload_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&sigc, 0, sizeof(sigc));
+
+	payload_size = parse_signature(buf, size);
+
+	if (size == payload_size) {
+		if (flags & GPG_VERIFY_VERBOSE)
+			write_in_full(1, buf, payload_size);
+		return error("no signature found");
+	}
+
+	ret = check_signature(buf, payload_size, buf + payload_size,
+				size - payload_size, &sigc);
+	print_signature_buffer(&sigc, flags);
+
+	signature_check_clear(&sigc);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int gpg_verify_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name_to_report,
+		unsigned flags)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type != OBJ_TAG)
+		return error("%s: cannot verify a non-tag object of type %s.",
+				name_to_report ?
+				name_to_report :
+				find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV),
+				typename(type));
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("%s: unable to read file.",
+				name_to_report ?
+				name_to_report :
+				find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+
+	ret = run_gpg_verify(buf, size, flags);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 struct object *deref_tag(struct object *o, const char *warn, int warnlen)
 {
 	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG)
 		if (((struct tag *)o)->tagged)
-			o = parse_object(((struct tag *)o)->tagged->sha1);
+			o = parse_object(((struct tag *)o)->tagged->oid.hash);
 		else
 			o = NULL;
 	if (!o && warn) {
@@ -24,19 +74,24 @@ struct object *deref_tag(struct object *o, const char *warn, int warnlen)
 	return o;
 }
 
+struct object *deref_tag_noverify(struct object *o)
+{
+	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		o = parse_object(o->oid.hash);
+		if (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG && ((struct tag *)o)->tagged)
+			o = ((struct tag *)o)->tagged;
+		else
+			o = NULL;
+	}
+	return o;
+}
+
 struct tag *lookup_tag(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_TAG, alloc_tag_node());
-	if (!obj->type)
-		obj->type = OBJ_TAG;
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_TAG) {
-		error("Object %s is a %s, not a tag",
-		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return (struct tag *) obj;
+		return create_object(sha1, alloc_tag_node());
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_TAG, 0);
 }
 
 static unsigned long parse_tag_date(const char *buf, const char *tail)
@@ -74,13 +129,13 @@ int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, const void *data, unsigned long size)
 		return -1;
 	bufptr += 48; /* "object " + sha1 + "\n" */
 
-	if (prefixcmp(bufptr, "type "))
+	if (!starts_with(bufptr, "type "))
 		return -1;
 	bufptr += 5;
 	nl = memchr(bufptr, '\n', tail - bufptr);
 	if (!nl || sizeof(type) <= (nl - bufptr))
 		return -1;
-	strncpy(type, bufptr, nl - bufptr);
+	memcpy(type, bufptr, nl - bufptr);
 	type[nl - bufptr] = '\0';
 	bufptr = nl + 1;
 
@@ -97,7 +152,7 @@ int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, const void *data, unsigned long size)
 		item->tagged = NULL;
 	}
 
-	if (bufptr + 4 < tail && !prefixcmp(bufptr, "tag "))
+	if (bufptr + 4 < tail && starts_with(bufptr, "tag "))
 		; 		/* good */
 	else
 		return -1;
@@ -108,7 +163,7 @@ int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, const void *data, unsigned long size)
 	item->tag = xmemdupz(bufptr, nl - bufptr);
 	bufptr = nl + 1;
 
-	if (bufptr + 7 < tail && !prefixcmp(bufptr, "tagger "))
+	if (bufptr + 7 < tail && starts_with(bufptr, "tagger "))
 		item->date = parse_tag_date(bufptr, tail);
 	else
 		item->date = 0;
@@ -125,33 +180,16 @@ int parse_tag(struct tag *item)
 
 	if (item->object.parsed)
 		return 0;
-	data = read_sha1_file(item->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	data = read_sha1_file(item->object.oid.hash, &type, &size);
 	if (!data)
 		return error("Could not read %s",
-			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+			     oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
 	if (type != OBJ_TAG) {
 		free(data);
 		return error("Object %s not a tag",
-			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+			     oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
 	}
 	ret = parse_tag_buffer(item, data, size);
 	free(data);
 	return ret;
 }
-
-/*
- * Look at a signed tag object, and return the offset where
- * the embedded detached signature begins, or the end of the
- * data when there is no such signature.
- */
-size_t parse_signature(const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	char *eol;
-	size_t len = 0;
-	while (len < size && prefixcmp(buf + len, PGP_SIGNATURE) &&
-			prefixcmp(buf + len, PGP_MESSAGE)) {
-		eol = memchr(buf + len, '\n', size - len);
-		len += eol ? eol - (buf + len) + 1 : size - len;
-	}
-	return len;
-}
diff --git a/tag.h b/tag.h
index 5ee88e6550..a5721b6731 100644
--- a/tag.h
+++ b/tag.h
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ extern struct tag *lookup_tag(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, const void *data, unsigned long size);
 extern int parse_tag(struct tag *item);
 extern struct object *deref_tag(struct object *, const char *, int);
-extern size_t parse_signature(const char *buf, unsigned long size);
+extern struct object *deref_tag_noverify(struct object *);
+extern int gpg_verify_tag(const unsigned char *sha1,
+		const char *name_to_report, unsigned flags);
 
 #endif /* TAG_H */
diff --git a/tempfile.c b/tempfile.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0af7ebf016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tempfile.c
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*
+ * State diagram and cleanup
+ * -------------------------
+ *
+ * If the program exits while a temporary file is active, we want to
+ * make sure that we remove it. This is done by remembering the active
+ * temporary files in a linked list, `tempfile_list`. An `atexit(3)`
+ * handler and a signal handler are registered, to clean up any active
+ * temporary files.
+ *
+ * Because the signal handler can run at any time, `tempfile_list` and
+ * the `tempfile` objects that comprise it must be kept in
+ * self-consistent states at all times.
+ *
+ * The possible states of a `tempfile` object are as follows:
+ *
+ * - Uninitialized. In this state the object's `on_list` field must be
+ *   zero but the rest of its contents need not be initialized. As
+ *   soon as the object is used in any way, it is irrevocably
+ *   registered in `tempfile_list`, and `on_list` is set.
+ *
+ * - Active, file open (after `create_tempfile()` or
+ *   `reopen_tempfile()`). In this state:
+ *
+ *   - the temporary file exists
+ *   - `active` is set
+ *   - `filename` holds the filename of the temporary file
+ *   - `fd` holds a file descriptor open for writing to it
+ *   - `fp` holds a pointer to an open `FILE` object if and only if
+ *     `fdopen_tempfile()` has been called on the object
+ *   - `owner` holds the PID of the process that created the file
+ *
+ * - Active, file closed (after successful `close_tempfile()`). Same
+ *   as the previous state, except that the temporary file is closed,
+ *   `fd` is -1, and `fp` is `NULL`.
+ *
+ * - Inactive (after `delete_tempfile()`, `rename_tempfile()`, a
+ *   failed attempt to create a temporary file, or a failed
+ *   `close_tempfile()`). In this state:
+ *
+ *   - `active` is unset
+ *   - `filename` is empty (usually, though there are transitory
+ *     states in which this condition doesn't hold). Client code should
+ *     *not* rely on the filename being empty in this state.
+ *   - `fd` is -1 and `fp` is `NULL`
+ *   - the object is left registered in the `tempfile_list`, and
+ *     `on_list` is set.
+ *
+ * A temporary file is owned by the process that created it. The
+ * `tempfile` has an `owner` field that records the owner's PID. This
+ * field is used to prevent a forked process from deleting a temporary
+ * file created by its parent.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+
+static struct tempfile *volatile tempfile_list;
+
+static void remove_tempfiles(int skip_fclose)
+{
+	pid_t me = getpid();
+
+	while (tempfile_list) {
+		if (tempfile_list->owner == me) {
+			/* fclose() is not safe to call in a signal handler */
+			if (skip_fclose)
+				tempfile_list->fp = NULL;
+			delete_tempfile(tempfile_list);
+		}
+		tempfile_list = tempfile_list->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void remove_tempfiles_on_exit(void)
+{
+	remove_tempfiles(0);
+}
+
+static void remove_tempfiles_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_tempfiles(1);
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize *tempfile if necessary and add it to tempfile_list.
+ */
+static void prepare_tempfile_object(struct tempfile *tempfile)
+{
+	if (!tempfile_list) {
+		/* One-time initialization */
+		sigchain_push_common(remove_tempfiles_on_signal);
+		atexit(remove_tempfiles_on_exit);
+	}
+
+	if (tempfile->active)
+		die("BUG: prepare_tempfile_object called for active object");
+	if (!tempfile->on_list) {
+		/* Initialize *tempfile and add it to tempfile_list: */
+		tempfile->fd = -1;
+		tempfile->fp = NULL;
+		tempfile->active = 0;
+		tempfile->owner = 0;
+		strbuf_init(&tempfile->filename, 0);
+		tempfile->next = tempfile_list;
+		tempfile_list = tempfile;
+		tempfile->on_list = 1;
+	} else if (tempfile->filename.len) {
+		/* This shouldn't happen, but better safe than sorry. */
+		die("BUG: prepare_tempfile_object called for improperly-reset object");
+	}
+}
+
+/* Make sure errno contains a meaningful value on error */
+int create_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *path)
+{
+	prepare_tempfile_object(tempfile);
+
+	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&tempfile->filename, path);
+	tempfile->fd = open(tempfile->filename.buf, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
+	if (tempfile->fd < 0) {
+		strbuf_reset(&tempfile->filename);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	tempfile->owner = getpid();
+	tempfile->active = 1;
+	if (adjust_shared_perm(tempfile->filename.buf)) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		error("cannot fix permission bits on %s", tempfile->filename.buf);
+		delete_tempfile(tempfile);
+		errno = save_errno;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return tempfile->fd;
+}
+
+void register_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *path)
+{
+	prepare_tempfile_object(tempfile);
+	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&tempfile->filename, path);
+	tempfile->owner = getpid();
+	tempfile->active = 1;
+}
+
+int mks_tempfile_sm(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+		    const char *template, int suffixlen, int mode)
+{
+	prepare_tempfile_object(tempfile);
+
+	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&tempfile->filename, template);
+	tempfile->fd = git_mkstemps_mode(tempfile->filename.buf, suffixlen, mode);
+	if (tempfile->fd < 0) {
+		strbuf_reset(&tempfile->filename);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	tempfile->owner = getpid();
+	tempfile->active = 1;
+	return tempfile->fd;
+}
+
+int mks_tempfile_tsm(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+		     const char *template, int suffixlen, int mode)
+{
+	const char *tmpdir;
+
+	prepare_tempfile_object(tempfile);
+
+	tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR");
+	if (!tmpdir)
+		tmpdir = "/tmp";
+
+	strbuf_addf(&tempfile->filename, "%s/%s", tmpdir, template);
+	tempfile->fd = git_mkstemps_mode(tempfile->filename.buf, suffixlen, mode);
+	if (tempfile->fd < 0) {
+		strbuf_reset(&tempfile->filename);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	tempfile->owner = getpid();
+	tempfile->active = 1;
+	return tempfile->fd;
+}
+
+int xmks_tempfile_m(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *template, int mode)
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct strbuf full_template = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&full_template, template);
+	fd = mks_tempfile_m(tempfile, full_template.buf, mode);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("Unable to create temporary file '%s'",
+			  full_template.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&full_template);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+FILE *fdopen_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *mode)
+{
+	if (!tempfile->active)
+		die("BUG: fdopen_tempfile() called for inactive object");
+	if (tempfile->fp)
+		die("BUG: fdopen_tempfile() called for open object");
+
+	tempfile->fp = fdopen(tempfile->fd, mode);
+	return tempfile->fp;
+}
+
+const char *get_tempfile_path(struct tempfile *tempfile)
+{
+	if (!tempfile->active)
+		die("BUG: get_tempfile_path() called for inactive object");
+	return tempfile->filename.buf;
+}
+
+int get_tempfile_fd(struct tempfile *tempfile)
+{
+	if (!tempfile->active)
+		die("BUG: get_tempfile_fd() called for inactive object");
+	return tempfile->fd;
+}
+
+FILE *get_tempfile_fp(struct tempfile *tempfile)
+{
+	if (!tempfile->active)
+		die("BUG: get_tempfile_fp() called for inactive object");
+	return tempfile->fp;
+}
+
+int close_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile)
+{
+	int fd = tempfile->fd;
+	FILE *fp = tempfile->fp;
+	int err;
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	tempfile->fd = -1;
+	if (fp) {
+		tempfile->fp = NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * Note: no short-circuiting here; we want to fclose()
+		 * in any case!
+		 */
+		err = ferror(fp) | fclose(fp);
+	} else {
+		err = close(fd);
+	}
+
+	if (err) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		delete_tempfile(tempfile);
+		errno = save_errno;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int reopen_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile)
+{
+	if (0 <= tempfile->fd)
+		die("BUG: reopen_tempfile called for an open object");
+	if (!tempfile->active)
+		die("BUG: reopen_tempfile called for an inactive object");
+	tempfile->fd = open(tempfile->filename.buf, O_WRONLY);
+	return tempfile->fd;
+}
+
+int rename_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *path)
+{
+	if (!tempfile->active)
+		die("BUG: rename_tempfile called for inactive object");
+
+	if (close_tempfile(tempfile))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (rename(tempfile->filename.buf, path)) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		delete_tempfile(tempfile);
+		errno = save_errno;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	tempfile->active = 0;
+	strbuf_reset(&tempfile->filename);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void delete_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile)
+{
+	if (!tempfile->active)
+		return;
+
+	if (!close_tempfile(tempfile)) {
+		unlink_or_warn(tempfile->filename.buf);
+		tempfile->active = 0;
+		strbuf_reset(&tempfile->filename);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tempfile.h b/tempfile.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4219fe41bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tempfile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+#ifndef TEMPFILE_H
+#define TEMPFILE_H
+
+/*
+ * Handle temporary files.
+ *
+ * The tempfile API allows temporary files to be created, deleted, and
+ * atomically renamed. Temporary files that are still active when the
+ * program ends are cleaned up automatically. Lockfiles (see
+ * "lockfile.h") are built on top of this API.
+ *
+ *
+ * Calling sequence
+ * ----------------
+ *
+ * The caller:
+ *
+ * * Allocates a `struct tempfile` either as a static variable or on
+ *   the heap, initialized to zeros. Once you use the structure to
+ *   call `create_tempfile()`, it belongs to the tempfile subsystem
+ *   and its storage must remain valid throughout the life of the
+ *   program (i.e. you cannot use an on-stack variable to hold this
+ *   structure).
+ *
+ * * Attempts to create a temporary file by calling
+ *   `create_tempfile()`.
+ *
+ * * Writes new content to the file by either:
+ *
+ *   * writing to the file descriptor returned by `create_tempfile()`
+ *     (also available via `tempfile->fd`).
+ *
+ *   * calling `fdopen_tempfile()` to get a `FILE` pointer for the
+ *     open file and writing to the file using stdio.
+ *
+ * When finished writing, the caller can:
+ *
+ * * Close the file descriptor and remove the temporary file by
+ *   calling `delete_tempfile()`.
+ *
+ * * Close the temporary file and rename it atomically to a specified
+ *   filename by calling `rename_tempfile()`. This relinquishes
+ *   control of the file.
+ *
+ * * Close the file descriptor without removing or renaming the
+ *   temporary file by calling `close_tempfile()`, and later call
+ *   `delete_tempfile()` or `rename_tempfile()`.
+ *
+ * Even after the temporary file is renamed or deleted, the `tempfile`
+ * object must not be freed or altered by the caller. However, it may
+ * be reused; just pass it to another call of `create_tempfile()`.
+ *
+ * If the program exits before `rename_tempfile()` or
+ * `delete_tempfile()` is called, an `atexit(3)` handler will close
+ * and remove the temporary file.
+ *
+ * If you need to close the file descriptor yourself, do so by calling
+ * `close_tempfile()`. You should never call `close(2)` or `fclose(3)`
+ * yourself, otherwise the `struct tempfile` structure would still
+ * think that the file descriptor needs to be closed, and a later
+ * cleanup would result in duplicate calls to `close(2)`. Worse yet,
+ * if you close and then later open another file descriptor for a
+ * completely different purpose, then the unrelated file descriptor
+ * might get closed.
+ *
+ *
+ * Error handling
+ * --------------
+ *
+ * `create_tempfile()` returns a file descriptor on success or -1 on
+ * failure. On errors, `errno` describes the reason for failure.
+ *
+ * `delete_tempfile()`, `rename_tempfile()`, and `close_tempfile()`
+ * return 0 on success. On failure they set `errno` appropriately, do
+ * their best to delete the temporary file, and return -1.
+ */
+
+struct tempfile {
+	struct tempfile *volatile next;
+	volatile sig_atomic_t active;
+	volatile int fd;
+	FILE *volatile fp;
+	volatile pid_t owner;
+	char on_list;
+	struct strbuf filename;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Attempt to create a temporary file at the specified `path`. Return
+ * a file descriptor for writing to it, or -1 on error. It is an error
+ * if a file already exists at that path.
+ */
+extern int create_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Register an existing file as a tempfile, meaning that it will be
+ * deleted when the program exits. The tempfile is considered closed,
+ * but it can be worked with like any other closed tempfile (for
+ * example, it can be opened using reopen_tempfile()).
+ */
+extern void register_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *path);
+
+
+/*
+ * mks_tempfile functions
+ *
+ * The following functions attempt to create and open temporary files
+ * with names derived automatically from a template, in the manner of
+ * mkstemps(), and arrange for them to be deleted if the program ends
+ * before they are deleted explicitly. There is a whole family of such
+ * functions, named according to the following pattern:
+ *
+ *     x?mks_tempfile_t?s?m?()
+ *
+ * The optional letters have the following meanings:
+ *
+ *   x - die if the temporary file cannot be created.
+ *
+ *   t - create the temporary file under $TMPDIR (as opposed to
+ *       relative to the current directory). When these variants are
+ *       used, template should be the pattern for the filename alone,
+ *       without a path.
+ *
+ *   s - template includes a suffix that is suffixlen characters long.
+ *
+ *   m - the temporary file should be created with the specified mode
+ *       (otherwise, the mode is set to 0600).
+ *
+ * None of these functions modify template. If the caller wants to
+ * know the (absolute) path of the file that was created, it can be
+ * read from tempfile->filename.
+ *
+ * On success, the functions return a file descriptor that is open for
+ * writing the temporary file. On errors, they return -1 and set errno
+ * appropriately (except for the "x" variants, which die() on errors).
+ */
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+extern int mks_tempfile_sm(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+			   const char *template, int suffixlen, int mode);
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+static inline int mks_tempfile_s(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+				 const char *template, int suffixlen)
+{
+	return mks_tempfile_sm(tempfile, template, suffixlen, 0600);
+}
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+static inline int mks_tempfile_m(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+				 const char *template, int mode)
+{
+	return mks_tempfile_sm(tempfile, template, 0, mode);
+}
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+static inline int mks_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+			       const char *template)
+{
+	return mks_tempfile_sm(tempfile, template, 0, 0600);
+}
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+extern int mks_tempfile_tsm(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+			    const char *template, int suffixlen, int mode);
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+static inline int mks_tempfile_ts(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+				  const char *template, int suffixlen)
+{
+	return mks_tempfile_tsm(tempfile, template, suffixlen, 0600);
+}
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+static inline int mks_tempfile_tm(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+				  const char *template, int mode)
+{
+	return mks_tempfile_tsm(tempfile, template, 0, mode);
+}
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+static inline int mks_tempfile_t(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+				 const char *template)
+{
+	return mks_tempfile_tsm(tempfile, template, 0, 0600);
+}
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+extern int xmks_tempfile_m(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+			   const char *template, int mode);
+
+/* See "mks_tempfile functions" above. */
+static inline int xmks_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile,
+				const char *template)
+{
+	return xmks_tempfile_m(tempfile, template, 0600);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Associate a stdio stream with the temporary file (which must still
+ * be open). Return `NULL` (*without* deleting the file) on error. The
+ * stream is closed automatically when `close_tempfile()` is called or
+ * when the file is deleted or renamed.
+ */
+extern FILE *fdopen_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *mode);
+
+static inline int is_tempfile_active(struct tempfile *tempfile)
+{
+	return tempfile->active;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the path of the lockfile. The return value is a pointer to a
+ * field within the lock_file object and should not be freed.
+ */
+extern const char *get_tempfile_path(struct tempfile *tempfile);
+
+extern int get_tempfile_fd(struct tempfile *tempfile);
+extern FILE *get_tempfile_fp(struct tempfile *tempfile);
+
+/*
+ * If the temporary file is still open, close it (and the file pointer
+ * too, if it has been opened using `fdopen_tempfile()`) without
+ * deleting the file. Return 0 upon success. On failure to `close(2)`,
+ * return a negative value and delete the file. Usually
+ * `delete_tempfile()` or `rename_tempfile()` should eventually be
+ * called if `close_tempfile()` succeeds.
+ */
+extern int close_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile);
+
+/*
+ * Re-open a temporary file that has been closed using
+ * `close_tempfile()` but not yet deleted or renamed. This can be used
+ * to implement a sequence of operations like the following:
+ *
+ * * Create temporary file.
+ *
+ * * Write new contents to file, then `close_tempfile()` to cause the
+ *   contents to be written to disk.
+ *
+ * * Pass the name of the temporary file to another program to allow
+ *   it (and nobody else) to inspect or even modify the file's
+ *   contents.
+ *
+ * * `reopen_tempfile()` to reopen the temporary file. Make further
+ *   updates to the contents.
+ *
+ * * `rename_tempfile()` to move the file to its permanent location.
+ */
+extern int reopen_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile);
+
+/*
+ * Close the file descriptor and/or file pointer and remove the
+ * temporary file associated with `tempfile`. It is a NOOP to call
+ * `delete_tempfile()` for a `tempfile` object that has already been
+ * deleted or renamed.
+ */
+extern void delete_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile);
+
+/*
+ * Close the file descriptor and/or file pointer if they are still
+ * open, and atomically rename the temporary file to `path`. `path`
+ * must be on the same filesystem as the lock file. Return 0 on
+ * success. On failure, delete the temporary file and return -1, with
+ * `errno` set to the value from the failing call to `close(2)` or
+ * `rename(2)`. It is a bug to call `rename_tempfile()` for a
+ * `tempfile` object that is not currently active.
+ */
+extern int rename_tempfile(struct tempfile *tempfile, const char *path);
+
+#endif /* TEMPFILE_H */
diff --git a/templates/hooks--applypatch-msg.sample b/templates/hooks--applypatch-msg.sample
index 8b2a2fe84f..a5d7b84a67 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--applypatch-msg.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--applypatch-msg.sample
@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@
 # To enable this hook, rename this file to "applypatch-msg".
 
 . git-sh-setup
-test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/commit-msg" &&
-	exec "$GIT_DIR/hooks/commit-msg" ${1+"$@"}
+commitmsg="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/commit-msg)"
+test -x "$commitmsg" && exec "$commitmsg" ${1+"$@"}
 :
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-applypatch.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-applypatch.sample
index b1f187c2e9..4142082bcb 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--pre-applypatch.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-applypatch.sample
@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@
 # To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-applypatch".
 
 . git-sh-setup
-test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-commit" &&
-	exec "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-commit" ${1+"$@"}
+precommit="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/pre-commit)"
+test -x "$precommit" && exec "$precommit" ${1+"$@"}
 :
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
index 18c4829765..68d62d5446 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ else
 	against=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
 fi
 
-# If you want to allow non-ascii filenames set this variable to true.
-allownonascii=$(git config hooks.allownonascii)
+# If you want to allow non-ASCII filenames set this variable to true.
+allownonascii=$(git config --bool hooks.allownonascii)
 
 # Redirect output to stderr.
 exec 1>&2
 
-# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ascii filenames; prevent
+# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ASCII filenames; prevent
 # them from being added to the repository. We exploit the fact that the
 # printable range starts at the space character and ends with tilde.
 if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
@@ -31,18 +31,17 @@ if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
 	test $(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=A -z $against |
 	  LC_ALL=C tr -d '[ -~]\0' | wc -c) != 0
 then
-	echo "Error: Attempt to add a non-ascii file name."
-	echo
-	echo "This can cause problems if you want to work"
-	echo "with people on other platforms."
-	echo
-	echo "To be portable it is advisable to rename the file ..."
-	echo
-	echo "If you know what you are doing you can disable this"
-	echo "check using:"
-	echo
-	echo "  git config hooks.allownonascii true"
-	echo
+	cat <<\EOF
+Error: Attempt to add a non-ASCII file name.
+
+This can cause problems if you want to work with people on other platforms.
+
+To be portable it is advisable to rename the file.
+
+If you know what you are doing you can disable this check using:
+
+  git config hooks.allownonascii true
+EOF
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6187dbf439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed.  Called by "git
+# push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been
+# pushed.  If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed.
+#
+# This hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done
+# $2 -- URL to which the push is being done
+#
+# If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal.
+#
+# Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to
+# the standard input in the form:
+#
+#   <local ref> <local sha1> <remote ref> <remote sha1>
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts
+# with "WIP" (work in progress).
+
+remote="$1"
+url="$2"
+
+z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+while read local_ref local_sha remote_ref remote_sha
+do
+	if [ "$local_sha" = $z40 ]
+	then
+		# Handle delete
+		:
+	else
+		if [ "$remote_sha" = $z40 ]
+		then
+			# New branch, examine all commits
+			range="$local_sha"
+		else
+			# Update to existing branch, examine new commits
+			range="$remote_sha..$local_sha"
+		fi
+
+		# Check for WIP commit
+		commit=`git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range"`
+		if [ -n "$commit" ]
+		then
+			echo >&2 "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	fi
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/templates/hooks--update.sample b/templates/hooks--update.sample
index 71ab04edc0..80ba94135c 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--update.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--update.sample
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# An example hook script to blocks unannotated tags from entering.
+# An example hook script to block unannotated tags from entering.
 # Called by "git receive-pack" with arguments: refname sha1-old sha1-new
 #
 # To enable this hook, rename this file to "update".
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ if [ -z "$GIT_DIR" ]; then
 fi
 
 if [ -z "$refname" -o -z "$oldrev" -o -z "$newrev" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
+	echo "usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/test-credential.c b/test-credential.c
deleted file mode 100644
index dee200e7f2..0000000000
--- a/test-credential.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "credential.h"
-#include "string-list.h"
-
-static const char usage_msg[] =
-"test-credential <fill|approve|reject> [helper...]";
-
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
-{
-	const char *op;
-	struct credential c = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
-	int i;
-
-	op = argv[1];
-	if (!op)
-		usage(usage_msg);
-	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++)
-		string_list_append(&c.helpers, argv[i]);
-
-	if (credential_read(&c, stdin) < 0)
-		die("unable to read credential from stdin");
-
-	if (!strcmp(op, "fill")) {
-		credential_fill(&c);
-		if (c.username)
-			printf("username=%s\n", c.username);
-		if (c.password)
-			printf("password=%s\n", c.password);
-	}
-	else if (!strcmp(op, "approve"))
-		credential_approve(&c);
-	else if (!strcmp(op, "reject"))
-		credential_reject(&c);
-	else
-		usage(usage_msg);
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/test-date.c b/test-date.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 6bcd5b03c0..0000000000
--- a/test-date.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-
-static const char *usage_msg = "\n"
-"  test-date show [time_t]...\n"
-"  test-date parse [date]...\n"
-"  test-date approxidate [date]...\n";
-
-static void show_dates(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
-{
-	char buf[128];
-
-	for (; *argv; argv++) {
-		time_t t = atoi(*argv);
-		show_date_relative(t, 0, now, buf, sizeof(buf));
-		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, buf);
-	}
-}
-
-static void parse_dates(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
-{
-	for (; *argv; argv++) {
-		char result[100];
-		unsigned long t;
-		int tz;
-
-		result[0] = 0;
-		parse_date(*argv, result, sizeof(result));
-		if (sscanf(result, "%lu %d", &t, &tz) == 2)
-			printf("%s -> %s\n",
-			       *argv, show_date(t, tz, DATE_ISO8601));
-		else
-			printf("%s -> bad\n", *argv);
-	}
-}
-
-static void parse_approxidate(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
-{
-	for (; *argv; argv++) {
-		time_t t;
-		t = approxidate_relative(*argv, now);
-		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, show_date(t, 0, DATE_ISO8601));
-	}
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	struct timeval now;
-	const char *x;
-
-	x = getenv("TEST_DATE_NOW");
-	if (x) {
-		now.tv_sec = atoi(x);
-		now.tv_usec = 0;
-	}
-	else
-		gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
-
-	argv++;
-	if (!*argv)
-		usage(usage_msg);
-	if (!strcmp(*argv, "show"))
-		show_dates(argv+1, &now);
-	else if (!strcmp(*argv, "parse"))
-		parse_dates(argv+1, &now);
-	else if (!strcmp(*argv, "approxidate"))
-		parse_approxidate(argv+1, &now);
-	else
-		usage(usage_msg);
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/test-match-trees.c b/test-match-trees.c
deleted file mode 100644
index a3c4688778..0000000000
--- a/test-match-trees.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "tree.h"
-
-int main(int ac, char **av)
-{
-	unsigned char hash1[20], hash2[20], shifted[20];
-	struct tree *one, *two;
-
-	if (get_sha1(av[1], hash1))
-		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[1]);
-	if (get_sha1(av[2], hash2))
-		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[2]);
-	one = parse_tree_indirect(hash1);
-	if (!one)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[1]);
-	two = parse_tree_indirect(hash2);
-	if (!two)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[2]);
-
-	shift_tree(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted, -1);
-	printf("shifted: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(shifted));
-
-	exit(0);
-}
diff --git a/test-obj-pool.c b/test-obj-pool.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 5018863ef5..0000000000
--- a/test-obj-pool.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * test-obj-pool.c: code to exercise the svn importer's object pool
- */
-
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "vcs-svn/obj_pool.h"
-
-enum pool { POOL_ONE, POOL_TWO };
-obj_pool_gen(one, int, 1)
-obj_pool_gen(two, int, 4096)
-
-static uint32_t strtouint32(const char *s)
-{
-	char *end;
-	uintmax_t n = strtoumax(s, &end, 10);
-	if (*s == '\0' || (*end != '\n' && *end != '\0'))
-		die("invalid offset: %s", s);
-	return (uint32_t) n;
-}
-
-static void handle_command(const char *command, enum pool pool, const char *arg)
-{
-	switch (*command) {
-	case 'a':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "alloc ")) {
-			uint32_t n = strtouint32(arg);
-			printf("%"PRIu32"\n",
-				pool == POOL_ONE ?
-				one_alloc(n) : two_alloc(n));
-			return;
-		}
-	case 'c':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "commit ")) {
-			pool == POOL_ONE ? one_commit() : two_commit();
-			return;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "committed ")) {
-			printf("%"PRIu32"\n",
-				pool == POOL_ONE ?
-				one_pool.committed : two_pool.committed);
-			return;
-		}
-	case 'f':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "free ")) {
-			uint32_t n = strtouint32(arg);
-			pool == POOL_ONE ? one_free(n) : two_free(n);
-			return;
-		}
-	case 'n':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "null ")) {
-			printf("%"PRIu32"\n",
-				pool == POOL_ONE ?
-				one_offset(NULL) : two_offset(NULL));
-			return;
-		}
-	case 'o':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "offset ")) {
-			uint32_t n = strtouint32(arg);
-			printf("%"PRIu32"\n",
-				pool == POOL_ONE ?
-				one_offset(one_pointer(n)) :
-				two_offset(two_pointer(n)));
-			return;
-		}
-	case 'r':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "reset ")) {
-			pool == POOL_ONE ? one_reset() : two_reset();
-			return;
-		}
-	case 's':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "set ")) {
-			uint32_t n = strtouint32(arg);
-			if (pool == POOL_ONE)
-				*one_pointer(n) = 1;
-			else
-				*two_pointer(n) = 1;
-			return;
-		}
-	case 't':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "test ")) {
-			uint32_t n = strtouint32(arg);
-			printf("%d\n", pool == POOL_ONE ?
-				*one_pointer(n) : *two_pointer(n));
-			return;
-		}
-	default:
-		die("unrecognized command: %s", command);
-	}
-}
-
-static void handle_line(const char *line)
-{
-	const char *arg = strchr(line, ' ');
-	enum pool pool;
-
-	if (arg && !prefixcmp(arg + 1, "one"))
-		pool = POOL_ONE;
-	else if (arg && !prefixcmp(arg + 1, "two"))
-		pool = POOL_TWO;
-	else
-		die("no pool specified: %s", line);
-
-	handle_command(line, pool, arg + strlen("one "));
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	if (argc != 1)
-		usage("test-obj-str < script");
-
-	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
-		handle_line(sb.buf);
-	strbuf_release(&sb);
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/test-parse-options.c b/test-parse-options.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 36487c402b..0000000000
--- a/test-parse-options.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "parse-options.h"
-#include "string-list.h"
-
-static int boolean = 0;
-static int integer = 0;
-static unsigned long timestamp;
-static int abbrev = 7;
-static int verbose = 0, dry_run = 0, quiet = 0;
-static char *string = NULL;
-static char *file = NULL;
-static int ambiguous;
-static struct string_list list;
-
-static int length_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	printf("Callback: \"%s\", %d\n",
-		(arg ? arg : "not set"), unset);
-	if (unset)
-		return 1; /* do not support unset */
-
-	*(int *)opt->value = strlen(arg);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int number_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	*(int *)opt->value = strtol(arg, NULL, 10);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
-{
-	const char *prefix = "prefix/";
-	const char *usage[] = {
-		"test-parse-options <options>",
-		NULL
-	};
-	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "boolean", &boolean, "get a boolean"),
-		OPT_BIT('4', "or4", &boolean,
-			"bitwise-or boolean with ...0100", 4),
-		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "neg-or4", &boolean, "same as --no-or4", 4),
-		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_INTEGER('i', "integer", &integer, "get a integer"),
-		OPT_INTEGER('j', NULL, &integer, "get a integer, too"),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "set23", &integer, "set integer to 23", 23),
-		OPT_DATE('t', NULL, &timestamp, "get timestamp of <time>"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', "length", &integer, "str",
-			"get length of <str>", length_callback),
-		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &file, "set file to <file>"),
-		OPT_GROUP("String options"),
-		OPT_STRING('s', "string", &string, "string", "get a string"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "string2", &string, "str", "get another string"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "st", &string, "st", "get another string (pervert ordering)"),
-		OPT_STRING('o', NULL, &string, "str", "get another string"),
-		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "obsolete"),
-		OPT_SET_PTR(0, "default-string", &string,
-			"set string to default", (unsigned long)"default"),
-		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "list", &list, "str", "add str to list"),
-		OPT_GROUP("Magic arguments"),
-		OPT_ARGUMENT("quux", "means --quux"),
-		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&integer, "set integer to NUM",
-			number_callback),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, '+', NULL, &boolean, NULL, "same as -b",
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH },
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "ambiguous", &ambiguous, NULL,
-		  "positive ambiguity", PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "no-ambiguous", &ambiguous, NULL,
-		  "negative ambiguity", PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
-		OPT_GROUP("Standard options"),
-		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, "dry run"),
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "be quiet"),
-		OPT_END(),
-	};
-	int i;
-
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
-
-	printf("boolean: %d\n", boolean);
-	printf("integer: %u\n", integer);
-	printf("timestamp: %lu\n", timestamp);
-	printf("string: %s\n", string ? string : "(not set)");
-	printf("abbrev: %d\n", abbrev);
-	printf("verbose: %d\n", verbose);
-	printf("quiet: %s\n", quiet ? "yes" : "no");
-	printf("dry run: %s\n", dry_run ? "yes" : "no");
-	printf("file: %s\n", file ? file : "(not set)");
-
-	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
-		printf("list: %s\n", list.items[i].string);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-		printf("arg %02d: %s\n", i, argv[i]);
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/test-path-utils.c b/test-path-utils.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 3bc20e91da..0000000000
--- a/test-path-utils.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "normalize_path_copy")) {
-		char *buf = xmalloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
-		int rv = normalize_path_copy(buf, argv[2]);
-		if (rv)
-			buf = "++failed++";
-		puts(buf);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (argc >= 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "real_path")) {
-		while (argc > 2) {
-			puts(real_path(argv[2]));
-			argc--;
-			argv++;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (argc >= 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "absolute_path")) {
-		while (argc > 2) {
-			puts(absolute_path(argv[2]));
-			argc--;
-			argv++;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_ancestor_length")) {
-		int len = longest_ancestor_length(argv[2], argv[3]);
-		printf("%d\n", len);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (argc >= 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "prefix_path")) {
-		char *prefix = argv[2];
-		int prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
-		int nongit_ok;
-		setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit_ok);
-		while (argc > 3) {
-			puts(prefix_path(prefix, prefix_len, argv[3]));
-			argc--;
-			argv++;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "strip_path_suffix")) {
-		char *prefix = strip_path_suffix(argv[2], argv[3]);
-		printf("%s\n", prefix ? prefix : "(null)");
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
-		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
-	return 1;
-}
diff --git a/test-run-command.c b/test-run-command.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 37918e15f5..0000000000
--- a/test-run-command.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * test-run-command.c: test run command API.
- *
- * (C) 2009 Ilari Liusvaara <ilari.liusvaara@elisanet.fi>
- *
- * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- */
-
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "run-command.h"
-#include <string.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	struct child_process proc;
-
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
-
-	if (argc < 3)
-		return 1;
-	proc.argv = (const char **)argv+2;
-
-	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "start-command-ENOENT")) {
-		if (start_command(&proc) < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
-			return 0;
-		fprintf(stderr, "FAIL %s\n", argv[1]);
-		return 1;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "run-command"))
-		exit(run_command(&proc));
-
-	fprintf(stderr, "check usage\n");
-	return 1;
-}
diff --git a/test-string-pool.c b/test-string-pool.c
deleted file mode 100644
index c5782e6bce..0000000000
--- a/test-string-pool.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * test-string-pool.c: code to exercise the svn importer's string pool
- */
-
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "vcs-svn/string_pool.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	const uint32_t unequal = pool_intern("does not equal");
-	const uint32_t equal = pool_intern("equals");
-	uint32_t buf[3];
-	uint32_t n;
-
-	if (argc != 2)
-		usage("test-string-pool <string>,<string>");
-
-	n = pool_tok_seq(3, buf, ",-", argv[1]);
-	if (n >= 3)
-		die("too many strings");
-	if (n <= 1)
-		die("too few strings");
-
-	buf[2] = buf[1];
-	buf[1] = (buf[0] == buf[2]) ? equal : unequal;
-	pool_print_seq(3, buf, ' ', stdout);
-	fputc('\n', stdout);
-
-	pool_reset();
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/test-svn-fe.c b/test-svn-fe.c
deleted file mode 100644
index b42ba789b1..0000000000
--- a/test-svn-fe.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * test-svn-fe: Code to exercise the svn import lib
- */
-
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "vcs-svn/svndump.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	if (argc != 2)
-		usage("test-svn-fe <file>");
-	if (svndump_init(argv[1]))
-		return 1;
-	svndump_read(NULL);
-	svndump_deinit();
-	svndump_reset();
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/test-treap.c b/test-treap.c
deleted file mode 100644
index ab8c951c6e..0000000000
--- a/test-treap.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * test-treap.c: code to exercise the svn importer's treap structure
- */
-
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "vcs-svn/obj_pool.h"
-#include "vcs-svn/trp.h"
-
-struct int_node {
-	uintmax_t n;
-	struct trp_node children;
-};
-
-obj_pool_gen(node, struct int_node, 3)
-
-static int node_cmp(struct int_node *a, struct int_node *b)
-{
-	return (a->n > b->n) - (a->n < b->n);
-}
-
-trp_gen(static, treap_, struct int_node, children, node, node_cmp)
-
-static void strtonode(struct int_node *item, const char *s)
-{
-	char *end;
-	item->n = strtoumax(s, &end, 10);
-	if (*s == '\0' || (*end != '\n' && *end != '\0'))
-		die("invalid integer: %s", s);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct trp_root root = { ~0 };
-	uint32_t item;
-
-	if (argc != 1)
-		usage("test-treap < ints");
-
-	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-		struct int_node *node = node_pointer(node_alloc(1));
-
-		item = node_offset(node);
-		strtonode(node, sb.buf);
-		node = treap_insert(&root, node_pointer(item));
-		if (node_offset(node) != item)
-			die("inserted %"PRIu32" in place of %"PRIu32"",
-				node_offset(node), item);
-	}
-
-	item = node_offset(treap_first(&root));
-	while (~item) {
-		uint32_t next;
-		struct int_node *tmp = node_pointer(node_alloc(1));
-
-		tmp->n = node_pointer(item)->n;
-		next = node_offset(treap_next(&root, node_pointer(item)));
-
-		treap_remove(&root, node_pointer(item));
-		item = node_offset(treap_nsearch(&root, tmp));
-
-		if (item != next && (!~item || node_pointer(item)->n != tmp->n))
-			die("found %"PRIuMAX" in place of %"PRIuMAX"",
-				~item ? node_pointer(item)->n : ~(uintmax_t) 0,
-				~next ? node_pointer(next)->n : ~(uintmax_t) 0);
-		printf("%"PRIuMAX"\n", tmp->n);
-	}
-	node_reset();
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/thread-utils.c b/thread-utils.c
index 7f4b76a958..a2135e0743 100644
--- a/thread-utils.c
+++ b/thread-utils.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ int online_cpus(void)
 	long ncpus;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	SYSTEM_INFO info;
 	GetSystemInfo(&info);
 
@@ -35,7 +35,23 @@ int online_cpus(void)
 
 	if (!pstat_getdynamic(&psd, sizeof(psd), (size_t)1, 0))
 		return (int)psd.psd_proc_cnt;
-#endif
+#elif defined(HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL) && defined(HW_NCPU)
+	int mib[2];
+	size_t len;
+	int cpucount;
+
+	mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+#  ifdef HW_AVAILCPU
+	mib[1] = HW_AVAILCPU;
+	len = sizeof(cpucount);
+	if (!sysctl(mib, 2, &cpucount, &len, NULL, 0))
+		return cpucount;
+#  endif /* HW_AVAILCPU */
+	mib[1] = HW_NCPU;
+	len = sizeof(cpucount);
+	if (!sysctl(mib, 2, &cpucount, &len, NULL, 0))
+		return cpucount;
+#endif /* defined(HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL) && defined(HW_NCPU) */
 
 #ifdef _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
 	if ((ncpus = (long)sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)) > 0)
diff --git a/thread-utils.h b/thread-utils.h
index 6fb98c333c..d9a769d190 100644
--- a/thread-utils.h
+++ b/thread-utils.h
@@ -7,5 +7,9 @@
 extern int online_cpus(void);
 extern int init_recursive_mutex(pthread_mutex_t*);
 
+#else
+
+#define online_cpus() 1
+
 #endif
 #endif /* THREAD_COMPAT_H */
diff --git a/trace.c b/trace.c
index d95341693f..4aeea60973 100644
--- a/trace.c
+++ b/trace.c
@@ -26,144 +26,288 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 
 /* Get a trace file descriptor from "key" env variable. */
-static int get_trace_fd(const char *key, int *need_close)
+static int get_trace_fd(struct trace_key *key)
 {
-	char *trace = getenv(key);
+	static struct trace_key trace_default = { "GIT_TRACE" };
+	const char *trace;
+
+	/* use default "GIT_TRACE" if NULL */
+	if (!key)
+		key = &trace_default;
+
+	/* don't open twice */
+	if (key->initialized)
+		return key->fd;
+
+	trace = getenv(key->key);
 
 	if (!trace || !strcmp(trace, "") ||
 	    !strcmp(trace, "0") || !strcasecmp(trace, "false"))
-		return 0;
-	if (!strcmp(trace, "1") || !strcasecmp(trace, "true"))
-		return STDERR_FILENO;
-	if (strlen(trace) == 1 && isdigit(*trace))
-		return atoi(trace);
-	if (is_absolute_path(trace)) {
+		key->fd = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(trace, "1") || !strcasecmp(trace, "true"))
+		key->fd = STDERR_FILENO;
+	else if (strlen(trace) == 1 && isdigit(*trace))
+		key->fd = atoi(trace);
+	else if (is_absolute_path(trace)) {
 		int fd = open(trace, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0666);
 		if (fd == -1) {
 			fprintf(stderr,
 				"Could not open '%s' for tracing: %s\n"
 				"Defaulting to tracing on stderr...\n",
 				trace, strerror(errno));
-			return STDERR_FILENO;
+			key->fd = STDERR_FILENO;
+		} else {
+			key->fd = fd;
+			key->need_close = 1;
 		}
-		*need_close = 1;
-		return fd;
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "What does '%s' for %s mean?\n"
+			"If you want to trace into a file, then please set "
+			"%s to an absolute pathname (starting with /).\n"
+			"Defaulting to tracing on stderr...\n",
+			trace, key->key, key->key);
+		key->fd = STDERR_FILENO;
 	}
 
-	fprintf(stderr, "What does '%s' for %s mean?\n", trace, key);
-	fprintf(stderr, "If you want to trace into a file, "
-		"then please set %s to an absolute pathname "
-		"(starting with /).\n", key);
-	fprintf(stderr, "Defaulting to tracing on stderr...\n");
+	key->initialized = 1;
+	return key->fd;
+}
 
-	return STDERR_FILENO;
+void trace_disable(struct trace_key *key)
+{
+	if (key->need_close)
+		close(key->fd);
+	key->fd = 0;
+	key->initialized = 1;
+	key->need_close = 0;
 }
 
 static const char err_msg[] = "Could not trace into fd given by "
 	"GIT_TRACE environment variable";
 
-void trace_vprintf(const char *key, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+static int prepare_trace_line(const char *file, int line,
+			      struct trace_key *key, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct trace_key trace_bare = TRACE_KEY_INIT(BARE);
+	struct timeval tv;
+	struct tm tm;
+	time_t secs;
 
 	if (!trace_want(key))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	set_try_to_free_routine(NULL);	/* is never reset */
-	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
-	trace_strbuf(key, &buf);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	/* unit tests may want to disable additional trace output */
+	if (trace_want(&trace_bare))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* print current timestamp */
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	secs = tv.tv_sec;
+	localtime_r(&secs, &tm);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%02d:%02d:%02d.%06ld ", tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min,
+		    tm.tm_sec, (long) tv.tv_usec);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS
+	/* print file:line */
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s:%d ", file, line);
+	/* align trace output (column 40 catches most files names in git) */
+	while (buf->len < 40)
+		strbuf_addch(buf, ' ');
+#endif
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void trace_verbatim(struct trace_key *key, const void *buf, unsigned len)
+{
+	if (!trace_want(key))
+		return;
+	write_or_whine_pipe(get_trace_fd(key), buf, len, err_msg);
+}
+
+static void print_trace_line(struct trace_key *key, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	strbuf_complete_line(buf);
+
+	write_or_whine_pipe(get_trace_fd(key), buf->buf, buf->len, err_msg);
+	strbuf_release(buf);
+}
+
+static void trace_vprintf_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+			     const char *format, va_list ap)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!prepare_trace_line(file, line, key, &buf))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, ap);
+	print_trace_line(key, &buf);
 }
 
-static void trace_printf_key(const char *key, const char *fmt, ...)
+static void trace_argv_vprintf_fl(const char *file, int line,
+				  const char **argv, const char *format,
+				  va_list ap)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!prepare_trace_line(file, line, NULL, &buf))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, ap);
+
+	sq_quote_argv(&buf, argv, 0);
+	print_trace_line(NULL, &buf);
+}
+
+void trace_strbuf_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+		     const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!prepare_trace_line(file, line, key, &buf))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_addbuf(&buf, data);
+	print_trace_line(key, &buf);
+}
+
+static struct trace_key trace_perf_key = TRACE_KEY_INIT(PERFORMANCE);
+
+static void trace_performance_vprintf_fl(const char *file, int line,
+					 uint64_t nanos, const char *format,
+					 va_list ap)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!prepare_trace_line(file, line, &trace_perf_key, &buf))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "performance: %.9f s", (double) nanos / 1000000000);
+
+	if (format && *format) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, ": ");
+		strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, ap);
+	}
+
+	print_trace_line(&trace_perf_key, &buf);
+}
+
+#ifndef HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS
+
+void trace_printf(const char *format, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	trace_vprintf(key, fmt, ap);
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, NULL, format, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void trace_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
+void trace_printf_key(struct trace_key *key, const char *format, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	trace_vprintf("GIT_TRACE", fmt, ap);
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, key, format, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void trace_strbuf(const char *key, const struct strbuf *buf)
+void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...)
 {
-	int fd, need_close = 0;
-
-	fd = get_trace_fd(key, &need_close);
-	if (!fd)
-		return;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_argv_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, argv, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
 
-	write_or_whine_pipe(fd, buf->buf, buf->len, err_msg);
+void trace_strbuf(struct trace_key *key, const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	trace_strbuf_fl(NULL, 0, key, data);
+}
 
-	if (need_close)
-		close(fd);
+void trace_performance(uint64_t nanos, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_performance_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, nanos, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *fmt, ...)
+void trace_performance_since(uint64_t start, const char *format, ...)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	va_list ap;
-	int fd, need_close = 0;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_performance_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, getnanotime() - start,
+				     format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
 
-	fd = get_trace_fd("GIT_TRACE", &need_close);
-	if (!fd)
-		return;
+#else
 
-	set_try_to_free_routine(NULL);	/* is never reset */
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
+void trace_printf_key_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+			 const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_vprintf_fl(file, line, key, format, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
+}
 
-	sq_quote_argv(&buf, argv, 0);
-	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
-	write_or_whine_pipe(fd, buf.buf, buf.len, err_msg);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+void trace_argv_printf_fl(const char *file, int line, const char **argv,
+			  const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_argv_vprintf_fl(file, line, argv, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
 
-	if (need_close)
-		close(fd);
+void trace_performance_fl(const char *file, int line, uint64_t nanos,
+			      const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_performance_vprintf_fl(file, line, nanos, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
 }
 
+#endif /* HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS */
+
+
 static const char *quote_crnl(const char *path)
 {
-	static char new_path[PATH_MAX];
-	const char *p2 = path;
-	char *p1 = new_path;
+	static struct strbuf new_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!path)
 		return NULL;
 
-	while (*p2) {
-		switch (*p2) {
-		case '\\': *p1++ = '\\'; *p1++ = '\\'; break;
-		case '\n': *p1++ = '\\'; *p1++ = 'n'; break;
-		case '\r': *p1++ = '\\'; *p1++ = 'r'; break;
+	strbuf_reset(&new_path);
+
+	while (*path) {
+		switch (*path) {
+		case '\\': strbuf_addstr(&new_path, "\\\\"); break;
+		case '\n': strbuf_addstr(&new_path, "\\n"); break;
+		case '\r': strbuf_addstr(&new_path, "\\r"); break;
 		default:
-			*p1++ = *p2;
+			strbuf_addch(&new_path, *path);
 		}
-		p2++;
+		path++;
 	}
-	*p1 = '\0';
-	return new_path;
+	return new_path.buf;
 }
 
 /* FIXME: move prefix to startup_info struct and get rid of this arg */
 void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix)
 {
-	static const char *key = "GIT_TRACE_SETUP";
+	static struct trace_key key = TRACE_KEY_INIT(SETUP);
 	const char *git_work_tree;
-	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+	char *cwd;
 
-	if (!trace_want(key))
+	if (!trace_want(&key))
 		return;
 
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX))
-		die("Unable to get current working directory");
+	cwd = xgetcwd();
 
 	if (!(git_work_tree = get_git_work_tree()))
 		git_work_tree = "(null)";
@@ -171,18 +315,120 @@ void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix)
 	if (!prefix)
 		prefix = "(null)";
 
-	trace_printf_key(key, "setup: git_dir: %s\n", quote_crnl(get_git_dir()));
-	trace_printf_key(key, "setup: worktree: %s\n", quote_crnl(git_work_tree));
-	trace_printf_key(key, "setup: cwd: %s\n", quote_crnl(cwd));
-	trace_printf_key(key, "setup: prefix: %s\n", quote_crnl(prefix));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: git_dir: %s\n", quote_crnl(get_git_dir()));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: git_common_dir: %s\n", quote_crnl(get_git_common_dir()));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: worktree: %s\n", quote_crnl(git_work_tree));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: cwd: %s\n", quote_crnl(cwd));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: prefix: %s\n", quote_crnl(prefix));
+
+	free(cwd);
 }
 
-int trace_want(const char *key)
+int trace_want(struct trace_key *key)
 {
-	const char *trace = getenv(key);
+	return !!get_trace_fd(key);
+}
 
-	if (!trace || !strcmp(trace, "") ||
-	    !strcmp(trace, "0") || !strcasecmp(trace, "false"))
+#if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && defined(HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+
+static inline uint64_t highres_nanos(void)
+{
+	struct timespec ts;
+	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts))
 		return 0;
-	return 1;
+	return (uint64_t) ts.tv_sec * 1000000000 + ts.tv_nsec;
+}
+
+#elif defined (GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
+
+static inline uint64_t highres_nanos(void)
+{
+	static uint64_t high_ns, scaled_low_ns;
+	static int scale;
+	LARGE_INTEGER cnt;
+
+	if (!scale) {
+		if (!QueryPerformanceFrequency(&cnt))
+			return 0;
+
+		/* high_ns = number of ns per cnt.HighPart */
+		high_ns = (1000000000LL << 32) / (uint64_t) cnt.QuadPart;
+
+		/*
+		 * Number of ns per cnt.LowPart is 10^9 / frequency (or
+		 * high_ns >> 32). For maximum precision, we scale this factor
+		 * so that it just fits within 32 bit (i.e. won't overflow if
+		 * multiplied with cnt.LowPart).
+		 */
+		scaled_low_ns = high_ns;
+		scale = 32;
+		while (scaled_low_ns >= 0x100000000LL) {
+			scaled_low_ns >>= 1;
+			scale--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* if QPF worked on initialization, we expect QPC to work as well */
+	QueryPerformanceCounter(&cnt);
+
+	return (high_ns * cnt.HighPart) +
+	       ((scaled_low_ns * cnt.LowPart) >> scale);
+}
+
+#else
+# define highres_nanos() 0
+#endif
+
+static inline uint64_t gettimeofday_nanos(void)
+{
+	struct timeval tv;
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	return (uint64_t) tv.tv_sec * 1000000000 + tv.tv_usec * 1000;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns nanoseconds since the epoch (01/01/1970), for performance tracing
+ * (i.e. favoring high precision over wall clock time accuracy).
+ */
+uint64_t getnanotime(void)
+{
+	static uint64_t offset;
+	if (offset > 1) {
+		/* initialization succeeded, return offset + high res time */
+		return offset + highres_nanos();
+	} else if (offset == 1) {
+		/* initialization failed, fall back to gettimeofday */
+		return gettimeofday_nanos();
+	} else {
+		/* initialize offset if high resolution timer works */
+		uint64_t now = gettimeofday_nanos();
+		uint64_t highres = highres_nanos();
+		if (highres)
+			offset = now - highres;
+		else
+			offset = 1;
+		return now;
+	}
+}
+
+static uint64_t command_start_time;
+static struct strbuf command_line = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+static void print_command_performance_atexit(void)
+{
+	trace_performance_since(command_start_time, "git command:%s",
+				command_line.buf);
+}
+
+void trace_command_performance(const char **argv)
+{
+	if (!trace_want(&trace_perf_key))
+		return;
+
+	if (!command_start_time)
+		atexit(print_command_performance_atexit);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&command_line);
+	sq_quote_argv(&command_line, argv, 0);
+	command_start_time = getnanotime();
 }
diff --git a/trace.h b/trace.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..179b249c59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#ifndef TRACE_H
+#define TRACE_H
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+struct trace_key {
+	const char * const key;
+	int fd;
+	unsigned int initialized : 1;
+	unsigned int  need_close : 1;
+};
+
+#define TRACE_KEY_INIT(name) { "GIT_TRACE_" #name, 0, 0, 0 }
+
+extern void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix);
+extern int trace_want(struct trace_key *key);
+extern void trace_disable(struct trace_key *key);
+extern uint64_t getnanotime(void);
+extern void trace_command_performance(const char **argv);
+extern void trace_verbatim(struct trace_key *key, const void *buf, unsigned len);
+
+#ifndef HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+extern void trace_printf(const char *format, ...);
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_printf_key(struct trace_key *key, const char *format, ...);
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...);
+
+extern void trace_strbuf(struct trace_key *key, const struct strbuf *data);
+
+/* Prints elapsed time (in nanoseconds) if GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE is enabled. */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_performance(uint64_t nanos, const char *format, ...);
+
+/* Prints elapsed time since 'start' if GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE is enabled. */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_performance_since(uint64_t start, const char *format, ...);
+
+#else
+
+/*
+ * Macros to add file:line - see above for C-style declarations of how these
+ * should be used.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * TRACE_CONTEXT may be set to __FUNCTION__ if the compiler supports it. The
+ * default is __FILE__, as it is consistent with assert(), and static function
+ * names are not necessarily unique.
+ *
+ * __FILE__ ":" __FUNCTION__ doesn't work with GNUC, as __FILE__ is supplied
+ * by the preprocessor as a string literal, and __FUNCTION__ is filled in by
+ * the compiler as a string constant.
+ */
+#ifndef TRACE_CONTEXT
+# define TRACE_CONTEXT __FILE__
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Note: with C99 variadic macros, __VA_ARGS__ must include the last fixed
+ * parameter ('format' in this case). Otherwise, a call without variable
+ * arguments will have a surplus ','. E.g.:
+ *
+ *  #define foo(format, ...) bar(format, __VA_ARGS__)
+ *  foo("test");
+ *
+ * will expand to
+ *
+ *  bar("test",);
+ *
+ * which is invalid (note the ',)'). With GNUC, '##__VA_ARGS__' drops the
+ * comma, but this is non-standard.
+ */
+
+#define trace_printf(...) \
+	trace_printf_key_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, NULL, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define trace_printf_key(key, ...) \
+	trace_printf_key_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, key, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define trace_argv_printf(argv, ...) \
+	trace_argv_printf_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, argv, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define trace_strbuf(key, data) \
+	trace_strbuf_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, key, data)
+
+#define trace_performance(nanos, ...) \
+	trace_performance_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, nanos, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define trace_performance_since(start, ...) \
+	trace_performance_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, getnanotime() - (start), \
+			     __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/* backend functions, use non-*fl macros instead */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 4, 5)))
+extern void trace_printf_key_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+				const char *format, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 4, 5)))
+extern void trace_argv_printf_fl(const char *file, int line, const char **argv,
+				 const char *format, ...);
+extern void trace_strbuf_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+			    const struct strbuf *data);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 4, 5)))
+extern void trace_performance_fl(const char *file, int line,
+				 uint64_t nanos, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+#endif /* HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS */
+
+#endif /* TRACE_H */
diff --git a/trailer.c b/trailer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e48a5c990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trailer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,915 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tempfile.h"
+#include "trailer.h"
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
+ */
+
+enum action_where { WHERE_END, WHERE_AFTER, WHERE_BEFORE, WHERE_START };
+enum action_if_exists { EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT_NEIGHBOR, EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT,
+			EXISTS_ADD, EXISTS_REPLACE, EXISTS_DO_NOTHING };
+enum action_if_missing { MISSING_ADD, MISSING_DO_NOTHING };
+
+struct conf_info {
+	char *name;
+	char *key;
+	char *command;
+	enum action_where where;
+	enum action_if_exists if_exists;
+	enum action_if_missing if_missing;
+};
+
+static struct conf_info default_conf_info;
+
+struct trailer_item {
+	struct trailer_item *previous;
+	struct trailer_item *next;
+	const char *token;
+	const char *value;
+	struct conf_info conf;
+};
+
+static struct trailer_item *first_conf_item;
+
+static char *separators = ":";
+
+#define TRAILER_ARG_STRING "$ARG"
+
+static int after_or_end(enum action_where where)
+{
+	return (where == WHERE_AFTER) || (where == WHERE_END);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the length of the string not including any final
+ * punctuation. E.g., the input "Signed-off-by:" would return
+ * 13, stripping the trailing punctuation but retaining
+ * internal punctuation.
+ */
+static size_t token_len_without_separator(const char *token, size_t len)
+{
+	while (len > 0 && !isalnum(token[len - 1]))
+		len--;
+	return len;
+}
+
+static int same_token(struct trailer_item *a, struct trailer_item *b)
+{
+	size_t a_len = token_len_without_separator(a->token, strlen(a->token));
+	size_t b_len = token_len_without_separator(b->token, strlen(b->token));
+	size_t min_len = (a_len > b_len) ? b_len : a_len;
+
+	return !strncasecmp(a->token, b->token, min_len);
+}
+
+static int same_value(struct trailer_item *a, struct trailer_item *b)
+{
+	return !strcasecmp(a->value, b->value);
+}
+
+static int same_trailer(struct trailer_item *a, struct trailer_item *b)
+{
+	return same_token(a, b) && same_value(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline int contains_only_spaces(const char *str)
+{
+	const char *s = str;
+	while (*s && isspace(*s))
+		s++;
+	return !*s;
+}
+
+static inline void strbuf_replace(struct strbuf *sb, const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	const char *ptr = strstr(sb->buf, a);
+	if (ptr)
+		strbuf_splice(sb, ptr - sb->buf, strlen(a), b, strlen(b));
+}
+
+static void free_trailer_item(struct trailer_item *item)
+{
+	free(item->conf.name);
+	free(item->conf.key);
+	free(item->conf.command);
+	free((char *)item->token);
+	free((char *)item->value);
+	free(item);
+}
+
+static char last_non_space_char(const char *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = strlen(s) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		if (!isspace(s[i]))
+			return s[i];
+	return '\0';
+}
+
+static void print_tok_val(FILE *outfile, const char *tok, const char *val)
+{
+	char c = last_non_space_char(tok);
+	if (!c)
+		return;
+	if (strchr(separators, c))
+		fprintf(outfile, "%s%s\n", tok, val);
+	else
+		fprintf(outfile, "%s%c %s\n", tok, separators[0], val);
+}
+
+static void print_all(FILE *outfile, struct trailer_item *first, int trim_empty)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+	for (item = first; item; item = item->next) {
+		if (!trim_empty || strlen(item->value) > 0)
+			print_tok_val(outfile, item->token, item->value);
+	}
+}
+
+static void update_last(struct trailer_item **last)
+{
+	if (*last)
+		while ((*last)->next != NULL)
+			*last = (*last)->next;
+}
+
+static void update_first(struct trailer_item **first)
+{
+	if (*first)
+		while ((*first)->previous != NULL)
+			*first = (*first)->previous;
+}
+
+static void add_arg_to_input_list(struct trailer_item *on_tok,
+				  struct trailer_item *arg_tok,
+				  struct trailer_item **first,
+				  struct trailer_item **last)
+{
+	if (after_or_end(arg_tok->conf.where)) {
+		arg_tok->next = on_tok->next;
+		on_tok->next = arg_tok;
+		arg_tok->previous = on_tok;
+		if (arg_tok->next)
+			arg_tok->next->previous = arg_tok;
+		update_last(last);
+	} else {
+		arg_tok->previous = on_tok->previous;
+		on_tok->previous = arg_tok;
+		arg_tok->next = on_tok;
+		if (arg_tok->previous)
+			arg_tok->previous->next = arg_tok;
+		update_first(first);
+	}
+}
+
+static int check_if_different(struct trailer_item *in_tok,
+			      struct trailer_item *arg_tok,
+			      int check_all)
+{
+	enum action_where where = arg_tok->conf.where;
+	do {
+		if (!in_tok)
+			return 1;
+		if (same_trailer(in_tok, arg_tok))
+			return 0;
+		/*
+		 * if we want to add a trailer after another one,
+		 * we have to check those before this one
+		 */
+		in_tok = after_or_end(where) ? in_tok->previous : in_tok->next;
+	} while (check_all);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void remove_from_list(struct trailer_item *item,
+			     struct trailer_item **first,
+			     struct trailer_item **last)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *next = item->next;
+	struct trailer_item *previous = item->previous;
+
+	if (next) {
+		item->next->previous = previous;
+		item->next = NULL;
+	} else if (last)
+		*last = previous;
+
+	if (previous) {
+		item->previous->next = next;
+		item->previous = NULL;
+	} else if (first)
+		*first = next;
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *remove_first(struct trailer_item **first)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *item = *first;
+	*first = item->next;
+	if (item->next) {
+		item->next->previous = NULL;
+		item->next = NULL;
+	}
+	return item;
+}
+
+static const char *apply_command(const char *command, const char *arg)
+{
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *argv[] = {NULL, NULL};
+	const char *result;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&cmd, command);
+	if (arg)
+		strbuf_replace(&cmd, TRAILER_ARG_STRING, arg);
+
+	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.use_shell = 1;
+
+	if (capture_command(&cp, &buf, 1024)) {
+		error(_("running trailer command '%s' failed"), cmd.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		result = xstrdup("");
+	} else {
+		strbuf_trim(&buf);
+		result = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&cmd);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void apply_item_command(struct trailer_item *in_tok, struct trailer_item *arg_tok)
+{
+	if (arg_tok->conf.command) {
+		const char *arg;
+		if (arg_tok->value && arg_tok->value[0]) {
+			arg = arg_tok->value;
+		} else {
+			if (in_tok && in_tok->value)
+				arg = xstrdup(in_tok->value);
+			else
+				arg = xstrdup("");
+		}
+		arg_tok->value = apply_command(arg_tok->conf.command, arg);
+		free((char *)arg);
+	}
+}
+
+static void apply_arg_if_exists(struct trailer_item *in_tok,
+				struct trailer_item *arg_tok,
+				struct trailer_item *on_tok,
+				struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+				struct trailer_item **in_tok_last)
+{
+	switch (arg_tok->conf.if_exists) {
+	case EXISTS_DO_NOTHING:
+		free_trailer_item(arg_tok);
+		break;
+	case EXISTS_REPLACE:
+		apply_item_command(in_tok, arg_tok);
+		add_arg_to_input_list(on_tok, arg_tok,
+				      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		remove_from_list(in_tok, in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		free_trailer_item(in_tok);
+		break;
+	case EXISTS_ADD:
+		apply_item_command(in_tok, arg_tok);
+		add_arg_to_input_list(on_tok, arg_tok,
+				      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		break;
+	case EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT:
+		apply_item_command(in_tok, arg_tok);
+		if (check_if_different(in_tok, arg_tok, 1))
+			add_arg_to_input_list(on_tok, arg_tok,
+					      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		else
+			free_trailer_item(arg_tok);
+		break;
+	case EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT_NEIGHBOR:
+		apply_item_command(in_tok, arg_tok);
+		if (check_if_different(on_tok, arg_tok, 0))
+			add_arg_to_input_list(on_tok, arg_tok,
+					      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		else
+			free_trailer_item(arg_tok);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void apply_arg_if_missing(struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+				 struct trailer_item **in_tok_last,
+				 struct trailer_item *arg_tok)
+{
+	struct trailer_item **in_tok;
+	enum action_where where;
+
+	switch (arg_tok->conf.if_missing) {
+	case MISSING_DO_NOTHING:
+		free_trailer_item(arg_tok);
+		break;
+	case MISSING_ADD:
+		where = arg_tok->conf.where;
+		in_tok = after_or_end(where) ? in_tok_last : in_tok_first;
+		apply_item_command(NULL, arg_tok);
+		if (*in_tok) {
+			add_arg_to_input_list(*in_tok, arg_tok,
+					      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		} else {
+			*in_tok_first = arg_tok;
+			*in_tok_last = arg_tok;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int find_same_and_apply_arg(struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+				   struct trailer_item **in_tok_last,
+				   struct trailer_item *arg_tok)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *in_tok;
+	struct trailer_item *on_tok;
+	struct trailer_item *following_tok;
+
+	enum action_where where = arg_tok->conf.where;
+	int middle = (where == WHERE_AFTER) || (where == WHERE_BEFORE);
+	int backwards = after_or_end(where);
+	struct trailer_item *start_tok = backwards ? *in_tok_last : *in_tok_first;
+
+	for (in_tok = start_tok; in_tok; in_tok = following_tok) {
+		following_tok = backwards ? in_tok->previous : in_tok->next;
+		if (!same_token(in_tok, arg_tok))
+			continue;
+		on_tok = middle ? in_tok : start_tok;
+		apply_arg_if_exists(in_tok, arg_tok, on_tok,
+				    in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void process_trailers_lists(struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+				   struct trailer_item **in_tok_last,
+				   struct trailer_item **arg_tok_first)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *arg_tok;
+	struct trailer_item *next_arg;
+
+	if (!*arg_tok_first)
+		return;
+
+	for (arg_tok = *arg_tok_first; arg_tok; arg_tok = next_arg) {
+		int applied = 0;
+
+		next_arg = arg_tok->next;
+		remove_from_list(arg_tok, arg_tok_first, NULL);
+
+		applied = find_same_and_apply_arg(in_tok_first,
+						  in_tok_last,
+						  arg_tok);
+
+		if (!applied)
+			apply_arg_if_missing(in_tok_first,
+					     in_tok_last,
+					     arg_tok);
+	}
+}
+
+static int set_where(struct conf_info *item, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp("after", value))
+		item->where = WHERE_AFTER;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("before", value))
+		item->where = WHERE_BEFORE;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("end", value))
+		item->where = WHERE_END;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("start", value))
+		item->where = WHERE_START;
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_if_exists(struct conf_info *item, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp("addIfDifferent", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("addIfDifferentNeighbor", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT_NEIGHBOR;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("add", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_ADD;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("replace", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_REPLACE;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("doNothing", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_DO_NOTHING;
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_if_missing(struct conf_info *item, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp("doNothing", value))
+		item->if_missing = MISSING_DO_NOTHING;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("add", value))
+		item->if_missing = MISSING_ADD;
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void duplicate_conf(struct conf_info *dst, struct conf_info *src)
+{
+	*dst = *src;
+	if (src->name)
+		dst->name = xstrdup(src->name);
+	if (src->key)
+		dst->key = xstrdup(src->key);
+	if (src->command)
+		dst->command = xstrdup(src->command);
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *get_conf_item(const char *name)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+	struct trailer_item *previous;
+
+	/* Look up item with same name */
+	for (previous = NULL, item = first_conf_item;
+	     item;
+	     previous = item, item = item->next) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(item->conf.name, name))
+			return item;
+	}
+
+	/* Item does not already exists, create it */
+	item = xcalloc(sizeof(struct trailer_item), 1);
+	duplicate_conf(&item->conf, &default_conf_info);
+	item->conf.name = xstrdup(name);
+
+	if (!previous)
+		first_conf_item = item;
+	else {
+		previous->next = item;
+		item->previous = previous;
+	}
+
+	return item;
+}
+
+enum trailer_info_type { TRAILER_KEY, TRAILER_COMMAND, TRAILER_WHERE,
+			 TRAILER_IF_EXISTS, TRAILER_IF_MISSING };
+
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	enum trailer_info_type type;
+} trailer_config_items[] = {
+	{ "key", TRAILER_KEY },
+	{ "command", TRAILER_COMMAND },
+	{ "where", TRAILER_WHERE },
+	{ "ifexists", TRAILER_IF_EXISTS },
+	{ "ifmissing", TRAILER_IF_MISSING }
+};
+
+static int git_trailer_default_config(const char *conf_key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	const char *trailer_item, *variable_name;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(conf_key, "trailer.", &trailer_item))
+		return 0;
+
+	variable_name = strrchr(trailer_item, '.');
+	if (!variable_name) {
+		if (!strcmp(trailer_item, "where")) {
+			if (set_where(&default_conf_info, value) < 0)
+				warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"),
+					value, conf_key);
+		} else if (!strcmp(trailer_item, "ifexists")) {
+			if (set_if_exists(&default_conf_info, value) < 0)
+				warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"),
+					value, conf_key);
+		} else if (!strcmp(trailer_item, "ifmissing")) {
+			if (set_if_missing(&default_conf_info, value) < 0)
+				warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"),
+					value, conf_key);
+		} else if (!strcmp(trailer_item, "separators")) {
+			separators = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_trailer_config(const char *conf_key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	const char *trailer_item, *variable_name;
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+	struct conf_info *conf;
+	char *name = NULL;
+	enum trailer_info_type type;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(conf_key, "trailer.", &trailer_item))
+		return 0;
+
+	variable_name = strrchr(trailer_item, '.');
+	if (!variable_name)
+		return 0;
+
+	variable_name++;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(trailer_config_items); i++) {
+		if (strcmp(trailer_config_items[i].name, variable_name))
+			continue;
+		name = xstrndup(trailer_item,  variable_name - trailer_item - 1);
+		type = trailer_config_items[i].type;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+
+	item = get_conf_item(name);
+	conf = &item->conf;
+	free(name);
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case TRAILER_KEY:
+		if (conf->key)
+			warning(_("more than one %s"), conf_key);
+		conf->key = xstrdup(value);
+		break;
+	case TRAILER_COMMAND:
+		if (conf->command)
+			warning(_("more than one %s"), conf_key);
+		conf->command = xstrdup(value);
+		break;
+	case TRAILER_WHERE:
+		if (set_where(conf, value))
+			warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"), value, conf_key);
+		break;
+	case TRAILER_IF_EXISTS:
+		if (set_if_exists(conf, value))
+			warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"), value, conf_key);
+		break;
+	case TRAILER_IF_MISSING:
+		if (set_if_missing(conf, value))
+			warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"), value, conf_key);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("internal bug in trailer.c");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_trailer(struct strbuf *tok, struct strbuf *val, const char *trailer)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	struct strbuf seps = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addstr(&seps, separators);
+	strbuf_addch(&seps, '=');
+	len = strcspn(trailer, seps.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&seps);
+	if (len == 0) {
+		int l = strlen(trailer);
+		while (l > 0 && isspace(trailer[l - 1]))
+			l--;
+		return error(_("empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"), l, trailer);
+	}
+	if (len < strlen(trailer)) {
+		strbuf_add(tok, trailer, len);
+		strbuf_trim(tok);
+		strbuf_addstr(val, trailer + len + 1);
+		strbuf_trim(val);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(tok, trailer);
+		strbuf_trim(tok);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *token_from_item(struct trailer_item *item, char *tok)
+{
+	if (item->conf.key)
+		return item->conf.key;
+	if (tok)
+		return tok;
+	return item->conf.name;
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *new_trailer_item(struct trailer_item *conf_item,
+					     char *tok, char *val)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *new = xcalloc(sizeof(*new), 1);
+	new->value = val ? val : xstrdup("");
+
+	if (conf_item) {
+		duplicate_conf(&new->conf, &conf_item->conf);
+		new->token = xstrdup(token_from_item(conf_item, tok));
+		free(tok);
+	} else {
+		duplicate_conf(&new->conf, &default_conf_info);
+		new->token = tok;
+	}
+
+	return new;
+}
+
+static int token_matches_item(const char *tok, struct trailer_item *item, int tok_len)
+{
+	if (!strncasecmp(tok, item->conf.name, tok_len))
+		return 1;
+	return item->conf.key ? !strncasecmp(tok, item->conf.key, tok_len) : 0;
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *create_trailer_item(const char *string)
+{
+	struct strbuf tok = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf val = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+	int tok_len;
+
+	if (parse_trailer(&tok, &val, string))
+		return NULL;
+
+	tok_len = token_len_without_separator(tok.buf, tok.len);
+
+	/* Lookup if the token matches something in the config */
+	for (item = first_conf_item; item; item = item->next) {
+		if (token_matches_item(tok.buf, item, tok_len))
+			return new_trailer_item(item,
+						strbuf_detach(&tok, NULL),
+						strbuf_detach(&val, NULL));
+	}
+
+	return new_trailer_item(NULL,
+				strbuf_detach(&tok, NULL),
+				strbuf_detach(&val, NULL));
+}
+
+static void add_trailer_item(struct trailer_item **first,
+			     struct trailer_item **last,
+			     struct trailer_item *new)
+{
+	if (!new)
+		return;
+	if (!*last) {
+		*first = new;
+		*last = new;
+	} else {
+		(*last)->next = new;
+		new->previous = *last;
+		*last = new;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *process_command_line_args(struct string_list *trailers)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *arg_tok_first = NULL;
+	struct trailer_item *arg_tok_last = NULL;
+	struct string_list_item *tr;
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+
+	/* Add a trailer item for each configured trailer with a command */
+	for (item = first_conf_item; item; item = item->next) {
+		if (item->conf.command) {
+			struct trailer_item *new = new_trailer_item(item, NULL, NULL);
+			add_trailer_item(&arg_tok_first, &arg_tok_last, new);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Add a trailer item for each trailer on the command line */
+	for_each_string_list_item(tr, trailers) {
+		struct trailer_item *new = create_trailer_item(tr->string);
+		add_trailer_item(&arg_tok_first, &arg_tok_last, new);
+	}
+
+	return arg_tok_first;
+}
+
+static struct strbuf **read_input_file(const char *file)
+{
+	struct strbuf **lines;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (file) {
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, file, 0) < 0)
+			die_errno(_("could not read input file '%s'"), file);
+	} else {
+		if (strbuf_read(&sb, fileno(stdin), 0) < 0)
+			die_errno(_("could not read from stdin"));
+	}
+
+	lines = strbuf_split(&sb, '\n');
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	return lines;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the (0 based) index of the start of the patch or the line
+ * count if there is no patch in the message.
+ */
+static int find_patch_start(struct strbuf **lines, int count)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* Get the start of the patch part if any */
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		if (starts_with(lines[i]->buf, "---"))
+			return i;
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the (0 based) index of the first trailer line or count if
+ * there are no trailers. Trailers are searched only in the lines from
+ * index (count - 1) down to index 0.
+ */
+static int find_trailer_start(struct strbuf **lines, int count)
+{
+	int start, end_of_title, only_spaces = 1;
+
+	/* The first paragraph is the title and cannot be trailers */
+	for (start = 0; start < count; start++) {
+		if (lines[start]->buf[0] == comment_line_char)
+			continue;
+		if (contains_only_spaces(lines[start]->buf))
+			break;
+	}
+	end_of_title = start;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the start of the trailers by looking starting from the end
+	 * for a line with only spaces before lines with one separator.
+	 */
+	for (start = count - 1; start >= end_of_title; start--) {
+		if (lines[start]->buf[0] == comment_line_char)
+			continue;
+		if (contains_only_spaces(lines[start]->buf)) {
+			if (only_spaces)
+				continue;
+			return start + 1;
+		}
+		if (strcspn(lines[start]->buf, separators) < lines[start]->len) {
+			if (only_spaces)
+				only_spaces = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		return count;
+	}
+
+	return only_spaces ? count : 0;
+}
+
+/* Get the index of the end of the trailers */
+static int find_trailer_end(struct strbuf **lines, int patch_start)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, ignore_bytes;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < patch_start; i++)
+		strbuf_addbuf(&sb, lines[i]);
+	ignore_bytes = ignore_non_trailer(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	for (i = patch_start - 1; i >= 0 && ignore_bytes > 0; i--)
+		ignore_bytes -= lines[i]->len;
+
+	return i + 1;
+}
+
+static int has_blank_line_before(struct strbuf **lines, int start)
+{
+	for (;start >= 0; start--) {
+		if (lines[start]->buf[0] == comment_line_char)
+			continue;
+		return contains_only_spaces(lines[start]->buf);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_lines(FILE *outfile, struct strbuf **lines, int start, int end)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = start; lines[i] && i < end; i++)
+		fprintf(outfile, "%s", lines[i]->buf);
+}
+
+static int process_input_file(FILE *outfile,
+			      struct strbuf **lines,
+			      struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+			      struct trailer_item **in_tok_last)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	int patch_start, trailer_start, trailer_end, i;
+
+	/* Get the line count */
+	while (lines[count])
+		count++;
+
+	patch_start = find_patch_start(lines, count);
+	trailer_end = find_trailer_end(lines, patch_start);
+	trailer_start = find_trailer_start(lines, trailer_end);
+
+	/* Print lines before the trailers as is */
+	print_lines(outfile, lines, 0, trailer_start);
+
+	if (!has_blank_line_before(lines, trailer_start - 1))
+		fprintf(outfile, "\n");
+
+	/* Parse trailer lines */
+	for (i = trailer_start; i < trailer_end; i++) {
+		if (lines[i]->buf[0] != comment_line_char) {
+			struct trailer_item *new = create_trailer_item(lines[i]->buf);
+			add_trailer_item(in_tok_first, in_tok_last, new);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return trailer_end;
+}
+
+static void free_all(struct trailer_item **first)
+{
+	while (*first) {
+		struct trailer_item *item = remove_first(first);
+		free_trailer_item(item);
+	}
+}
+
+static struct tempfile trailers_tempfile;
+
+static FILE *create_in_place_tempfile(const char *file)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct strbuf template = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *tail;
+	FILE *outfile;
+
+	if (stat(file, &st))
+		die_errno(_("could not stat %s"), file);
+	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		die(_("file %s is not a regular file"), file);
+	if (!(st.st_mode & S_IWUSR))
+		die(_("file %s is not writable by user"), file);
+
+	/* Create temporary file in the same directory as the original */
+	tail = strrchr(file, '/');
+	if (tail != NULL)
+		strbuf_add(&template, file, tail - file + 1);
+	strbuf_addstr(&template, "git-interpret-trailers-XXXXXX");
+
+	xmks_tempfile_m(&trailers_tempfile, template.buf, st.st_mode);
+	strbuf_release(&template);
+	outfile = fdopen_tempfile(&trailers_tempfile, "w");
+	if (!outfile)
+		die_errno(_("could not open temporary file"));
+
+	return outfile;
+}
+
+void process_trailers(const char *file, int in_place, int trim_empty, struct string_list *trailers)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *in_tok_first = NULL;
+	struct trailer_item *in_tok_last = NULL;
+	struct trailer_item *arg_tok_first;
+	struct strbuf **lines;
+	int trailer_end;
+	FILE *outfile = stdout;
+
+	/* Default config must be setup first */
+	git_config(git_trailer_default_config, NULL);
+	git_config(git_trailer_config, NULL);
+
+	lines = read_input_file(file);
+
+	if (in_place)
+		outfile = create_in_place_tempfile(file);
+
+	/* Print the lines before the trailers */
+	trailer_end = process_input_file(outfile, lines, &in_tok_first, &in_tok_last);
+
+	arg_tok_first = process_command_line_args(trailers);
+
+	process_trailers_lists(&in_tok_first, &in_tok_last, &arg_tok_first);
+
+	print_all(outfile, in_tok_first, trim_empty);
+
+	free_all(&in_tok_first);
+
+	/* Print the lines after the trailers as is */
+	print_lines(outfile, lines, trailer_end, INT_MAX);
+
+	if (in_place)
+		if (rename_tempfile(&trailers_tempfile, file))
+			die_errno(_("could not rename temporary file to %s"), file);
+
+	strbuf_list_free(lines);
+}
diff --git a/trailer.h b/trailer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36b40b8176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trailer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef TRAILER_H
+#define TRAILER_H
+
+void process_trailers(const char *file, int in_place, int trim_empty,
+		      struct string_list *trailers);
+
+#endif /* TRAILER_H */
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index 6f227e253b..bd666b29ec 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
-#include "quote.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static int debug;
 
@@ -18,11 +20,15 @@ struct helper_data {
 	FILE *out;
 	unsigned fetch : 1,
 		import : 1,
+		bidi_import : 1,
 		export : 1,
 		option : 1,
 		push : 1,
 		connect : 1,
-		no_disconnect_req : 1;
+		signed_tags : 1,
+		check_connectivity : 1,
+		no_disconnect_req : 1,
+		no_private_update : 1;
 	char *export_marks;
 	char *import_marks;
 	/* These go from remote name (as in "list") to private name */
@@ -43,15 +49,15 @@ static void sendline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 		die_errno("Full write to remote helper failed");
 }
 
-static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
+static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *name)
 {
 	strbuf_reset(buffer);
 	if (debug)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper: Waiting...\n");
-	if (strbuf_getline(buffer, helper, '\n') == EOF) {
+	if (strbuf_getline(buffer, helper) == EOF) {
 		if (debug)
 			fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper quit.\n");
-		exit(128);
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if (debug)
@@ -61,13 +67,7 @@ static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 
 static int recvline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 {
-	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer);
-}
-
-static void xchgline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
-{
-	sendline(helper, buffer);
-	recvline(helper, buffer);
+	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer, helper->name);
 }
 
 static void write_constant(int fd, const char *str)
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ static void do_take_over(struct transport *transport)
 	free(data);
 }
 
+static void standard_options(struct transport *t);
+
 static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 {
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
@@ -107,30 +109,23 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 	int refspec_alloc = 0;
 	int duped;
 	int code;
-	char git_dir_buf[sizeof(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT) + PATH_MAX + 1];
-	const char *helper_env[] = {
-		git_dir_buf,
-		NULL
-	};
-
 
 	if (data->helper)
 		return data->helper;
 
-	helper = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*helper));
+	helper = xmalloc(sizeof(*helper));
+	child_process_init(helper);
 	helper->in = -1;
 	helper->out = -1;
 	helper->err = 0;
-	helper->argv = xcalloc(4, sizeof(*helper->argv));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
-	helper->argv[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	helper->argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
-	helper->argv[2] = remove_ext_force(transport->url);
+	argv_array_pushf(&helper->args, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
+	argv_array_push(&helper->args, transport->remote->name);
+	argv_array_push(&helper->args, remove_ext_force(transport->url));
 	helper->git_cmd = 0;
 	helper->silent_exec_failure = 1;
 
-	snprintf(git_dir_buf, sizeof(git_dir_buf), "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, get_git_dir());
-	helper->env = helper_env;
+	argv_array_pushf(&helper->env_array, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
+			 get_git_dir());
 
 	code = start_command(helper);
 	if (code < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
@@ -142,7 +137,8 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 	data->no_disconnect_req = 0;
 
 	/*
-	 * Open the output as FILE* so strbuf_getline() can be used.
+	 * Open the output as FILE* so strbuf_getline_*() family of
+	 * functions can be used.
 	 * Do this with duped fd because fclose() will close the fd,
 	 * and stuff like taking over will require the fd to remain.
 	 */
@@ -154,9 +150,10 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 	write_constant(helper->in, "capabilities\n");
 
 	while (1) {
-		const char *capname;
+		const char *capname, *arg;
 		int mandatory = 0;
-		recvline(data, &buf);
+		if (recvline(data, &buf))
+			exit(128);
 
 		if (!*buf.buf)
 			break;
@@ -177,28 +174,30 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 			data->push = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "import"))
 			data->import = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "bidi-import"))
+			data->bidi_import = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "export"))
 			data->export = 1;
-		else if (!data->refspecs && !prefixcmp(capname, "refspec ")) {
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "check-connectivity"))
+			data->check_connectivity = 1;
+		else if (!data->refspecs && skip_prefix(capname, "refspec ", &arg)) {
 			ALLOC_GROW(refspecs,
 				   refspec_nr + 1,
 				   refspec_alloc);
-			refspecs[refspec_nr++] = xstrdup(capname + strlen("refspec "));
+			refspecs[refspec_nr++] = xstrdup(arg);
 		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "connect")) {
 			data->connect = 1;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "export-marks ")) {
-			struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--export-marks=");
-			strbuf_addstr(&arg, capname + strlen("export-marks "));
-			data->export_marks = strbuf_detach(&arg, NULL);
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "import-marks")) {
-			struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--import-marks=");
-			strbuf_addstr(&arg, capname + strlen("import-marks "));
-			data->import_marks = strbuf_detach(&arg, NULL);
+		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "signed-tags")) {
+			data->signed_tags = 1;
+		} else if (skip_prefix(capname, "export-marks ", &arg)) {
+			data->export_marks = xstrdup(arg);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(capname, "import-marks ", &arg)) {
+			data->import_marks = xstrdup(arg);
+		} else if (starts_with(capname, "no-private-update")) {
+			data->no_private_update = 1;
 		} else if (mandatory) {
 			die("Unknown mandatory capability %s. This remote "
-			    "helper probably needs newer version of Git.\n",
+			    "helper probably needs newer version of Git.",
 			    capname);
 		}
 	}
@@ -206,36 +205,42 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 		int i;
 		data->refspec_nr = refspec_nr;
 		data->refspecs = parse_fetch_refspec(refspec_nr, refspecs);
-		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++)
 			free((char *)refspecs[i]);
-		}
 		free(refspecs);
+	} else if (data->import || data->bidi_import || data->export) {
+		warning("This remote helper should implement refspec capability.");
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	if (debug)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Capabilities complete.\n");
+	standard_options(transport);
 	return data->helper;
 }
 
 static int disconnect_helper(struct transport *transport)
 {
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int res = 0;
 
 	if (data->helper) {
 		if (debug)
 			fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Disconnecting.\n");
 		if (!data->no_disconnect_req) {
-			strbuf_addf(&buf, "\n");
-			sendline(data, &buf);
+			/*
+			 * Ignore write errors; there's nothing we can do,
+			 * since we're about to close the pipe anyway. And the
+			 * most likely error is EPIPE due to the helper dying
+			 * to report an error itself.
+			 */
+			sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+			xwrite(data->helper->in, "\n", 1);
+			sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 		}
 		close(data->helper->in);
 		close(data->helper->out);
 		fclose(data->out);
 		res = finish_command(data->helper);
-		free((char *)data->helper->argv[0]);
-		free(data->helper->argv);
 		free(data->helper);
 		data->helper = NULL;
 	}
@@ -248,10 +253,11 @@ static const char *unsupported_options[] = {
 	TRANS_OPT_THIN,
 	TRANS_OPT_KEEP
 	};
+
 static const char *boolean_options[] = {
 	TRANS_OPT_THIN,
 	TRANS_OPT_KEEP,
-	TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS
+	TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS,
 	};
 
 static int set_helper_option(struct transport *transport,
@@ -285,11 +291,13 @@ static int set_helper_option(struct transport *transport,
 		quote_c_style(value, &buf, NULL, 0);
 	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 
-	xchgline(data, &buf);
+	sendline(data, &buf);
+	if (recvline(data, &buf))
+		exit(128);
 
 	if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "ok"))
 		ret = 0;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "error")) {
+	else if (starts_with(buf.buf, "error")) {
 		ret = -1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "unsupported"))
 		ret = 1;
@@ -313,6 +321,21 @@ static void standard_options(struct transport *t)
 	if (n >= sizeof(buf))
 		die("impossibly large verbosity value");
 	set_helper_option(t, "verbosity", buf);
+
+	switch (t->family) {
+	case TRANSPORT_FAMILY_ALL:
+		/*
+		 * this is already the default,
+		 * do not break old remote helpers by setting "all" here
+		 */
+		break;
+	case TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4:
+		set_helper_option(t, "family", "ipv4");
+		break;
+	case TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6:
+		set_helper_option(t, "family", "ipv6");
+		break;
+	}
 }
 
 static int release_helper(struct transport *transport)
@@ -333,30 +356,34 @@ static int fetch_with_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	int i;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	standard_options(transport);
-
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
 		const struct ref *posn = to_fetch[i];
 		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
 			continue;
 
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "fetch %s %s\n",
-			    sha1_to_hex(posn->old_sha1), posn->name);
+			    oid_to_hex(&posn->old_oid),
+			    posn->symref ? posn->symref : posn->name);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 	sendline(data, &buf);
 
 	while (1) {
-		recvline(data, &buf);
+		if (recvline(data, &buf))
+			exit(128);
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "lock ")) {
+		if (starts_with(buf.buf, "lock ")) {
 			const char *name = buf.buf + 5;
 			if (transport->pack_lockfile)
 				warning("%s also locked %s", data->name, name);
 			else
 				transport->pack_lockfile = xstrdup(name);
 		}
+		else if (data->check_connectivity &&
+			 data->transport_options.check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+			 !strcmp(buf.buf, "connectivity-ok"))
+			data->transport_options.self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 		else if (!buf.len)
 			break;
 		else
@@ -369,14 +396,21 @@ static int fetch_with_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 static int get_importer(struct transport *transport, struct child_process *fastimport)
 {
 	struct child_process *helper = get_helper(transport);
-	memset(fastimport, 0, sizeof(*fastimport));
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	int cat_blob_fd, code;
+	child_process_init(fastimport);
 	fastimport->in = helper->out;
-	fastimport->argv = xcalloc(5, sizeof(*fastimport->argv));
-	fastimport->argv[0] = "fast-import";
-	fastimport->argv[1] = "--quiet";
+	argv_array_push(&fastimport->args, "fast-import");
+	argv_array_push(&fastimport->args, debug ? "--stats" : "--quiet");
 
+	if (data->bidi_import) {
+		cat_blob_fd = xdup(helper->in);
+		argv_array_pushf(&fastimport->args, "--cat-blob-fd=%d", cat_blob_fd);
+	}
 	fastimport->git_cmd = 1;
-	return start_command(fastimport);
+
+	code = start_command(fastimport);
+	return code;
 }
 
 static int get_exporter(struct transport *transport,
@@ -385,22 +419,24 @@ static int get_exporter(struct transport *transport,
 {
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct child_process *helper = get_helper(transport);
-	int argc = 0, i;
-	memset(fastexport, 0, sizeof(*fastexport));
+	int i;
+
+	child_process_init(fastexport);
 
 	/* we need to duplicate helper->in because we want to use it after
 	 * fastexport is done with it. */
 	fastexport->out = dup(helper->in);
-	fastexport->argv = xcalloc(5 + revlist_args->nr, sizeof(*fastexport->argv));
-	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "fast-export";
-	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "--use-done-feature";
+	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, "fast-export");
+	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, "--use-done-feature");
+	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, data->signed_tags ?
+		"--signed-tags=verbatim" : "--signed-tags=warn-strip");
 	if (data->export_marks)
-		fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->export_marks;
+		argv_array_pushf(&fastexport->args, "--export-marks=%s.tmp", data->export_marks);
 	if (data->import_marks)
-		fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->import_marks;
+		argv_array_pushf(&fastexport->args, "--import-marks=%s", data->import_marks);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < revlist_args->nr; i++)
-		fastexport->argv[argc++] = revlist_args->items[i].string;
+		argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, revlist_args->items[i].string);
 
 	fastexport->git_cmd = 1;
 	return start_command(fastexport);
@@ -425,29 +461,52 @@ static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
 		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
 			continue;
 
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, "import %s\n", posn->name);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "import %s\n",
+			    posn->symref ? posn->symref : posn->name);
 		sendline(data, &buf);
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	}
 
 	write_constant(data->helper->in, "\n");
+	/*
+	 * remote-helpers that advertise the bidi-import capability are required to
+	 * buffer the complete batch of import commands until this newline before
+	 * sending data to fast-import.
+	 * These helpers read back data from fast-import on their stdin, which could
+	 * be mixed with import commands, otherwise.
+	 */
 
 	if (finish_command(&fastimport))
 		die("Error while running fast-import");
-	free(fastimport.argv);
-	fastimport.argv = NULL;
 
+	/*
+	 * The fast-import stream of a remote helper that advertises
+	 * the "refspec" capability writes to the refs named after the
+	 * right hand side of the first refspec matching each ref we
+	 * were fetching.
+	 *
+	 * (If no "refspec" capability was specified, for historical
+	 * reasons we default to the equivalent of *:*.)
+	 *
+	 * Store the result in to_fetch[i].old_sha1.  Callers such
+	 * as "git fetch" can use the value to write feedback to the
+	 * terminal, populate FETCH_HEAD, and determine what new value
+	 * should be written to peer_ref if the update is a
+	 * fast-forward or this is a forced update.
+	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
-		char *private;
+		char *private, *name;
 		posn = to_fetch[i];
 		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
 			continue;
+		name = posn->symref ? posn->symref : posn->name;
 		if (data->refspecs)
-			private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, posn->name);
+			private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, name);
 		else
-			private = xstrdup(posn->name);
+			private = xstrdup(name);
 		if (private) {
-			read_ref(private, posn->old_sha1);
+			if (read_ref(private, posn->old_oid.hash) < 0)
+				die("Could not read ref %s", private);
 			free(private);
 		}
 	}
@@ -496,7 +555,9 @@ static int process_connect_service(struct transport *transport,
 		goto exit;
 
 	sendline(data, &cmdbuf);
-	recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf);
+	if (recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf, name))
+		exit(128);
+
 	if (!strcmp(cmdbuf.buf, "")) {
 		data->no_disconnect_req = 1;
 		if (debug)
@@ -569,6 +630,16 @@ static int fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	if (!count)
 		return 0;
 
+	if (data->check_connectivity &&
+	    data->transport_options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "check-connectivity", "true");
+
+	if (transport->cloning)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "cloning", "true");
+
+	if (data->transport_options.update_shallow)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "update-shallow", "true");
+
 	if (data->fetch)
 		return fetch_with_fetch(transport, nr_heads, to_fetch);
 
@@ -578,21 +649,21 @@ static int fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
+static int push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 				   struct ref **ref,
 				   struct ref *remote_refs)
 {
 	char *refname, *msg;
-	int status;
+	int status, forced = 0;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "ok ")) {
+	if (starts_with(buf->buf, "ok ")) {
 		status = REF_STATUS_OK;
 		refname = buf->buf + 3;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "error ")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(buf->buf, "error ")) {
 		status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
 		refname = buf->buf + 6;
 	} else
-		die("expected ok/error, helper said '%s'\n", buf->buf);
+		die("expected ok/error, helper said '%s'", buf->buf);
 
 	msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
 	if (msg) {
@@ -621,6 +692,31 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 			free(msg);
 			msg = NULL;
 		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "already exists")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "fetch first")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "needs force")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "stale info")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "forced update")) {
+			forced = 1;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (*ref)
@@ -629,7 +725,7 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 		*ref = find_ref_by_name(remote_refs, refname);
 	if (!*ref) {
 		warning("helper reported unexpected status of %s", refname);
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if ((*ref)->status != REF_STATUS_NONE) {
@@ -638,36 +734,76 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 		 * status reported by the remote helper if the latter is 'no match'.
 		 */
 		if (status == REF_STATUS_NONE)
-			return;
+			return 1;
 	}
 
 	(*ref)->status = status;
+	(*ref)->forced_update |= forced;
 	(*ref)->remote_status = msg;
+	return !(status == REF_STATUS_OK);
 }
 
-static void push_update_refs_status(struct helper_data *data,
-				    struct ref *remote_refs)
+static int push_update_refs_status(struct helper_data *data,
+				    struct ref *remote_refs,
+				    int flags)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
+	int ret = 0;
+
 	for (;;) {
-		recvline(data, &buf);
+		char *private;
+
+		if (recvline(data, &buf)) {
+			ret = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
 		if (!buf.len)
 			break;
 
-		push_update_ref_status(&buf, &ref, remote_refs);
+		if (push_update_ref_status(&buf, &ref, remote_refs))
+			continue;
+
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN || !data->refspecs || data->no_private_update)
+			continue;
+
+		/* propagate back the update to the remote namespace */
+		private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, ref->name);
+		if (!private)
+			continue;
+		update_ref("update by helper", private, ref->new_oid.hash, NULL, 0, 0);
+		free(private);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void set_common_push_options(struct transport *transport,
+				   const char *name, int flags)
+{
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support dry-run", name);
+	} else if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_PUSH_CERT, "true") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support --signed", name);
+	} else if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_PUSH_CERT, "if-asked") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support --signed=if-asked", name);
+	}
 }
 
 static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
-		struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
+			       struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
 {
 	int force_all = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE;
 	int mirror = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR;
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref;
+	struct string_list cas_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
 
 	get_helper(transport);
 	if (!data->push)
@@ -680,6 +816,8 @@ static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
 		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
 		switch (ref->status) {
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
 		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
 			continue;
 		default:
@@ -696,28 +834,40 @@ static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
 			if (ref->peer_ref)
 				strbuf_addstr(&buf, ref->peer_ref->name);
 			else
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1));
+				strbuf_addstr(&buf, oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid));
 		}
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, ':');
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, ref->name);
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+
+		/*
+		 * The "--force-with-lease" options without explicit
+		 * values to expect have already been expanded into
+		 * the ref->old_oid_expect[] field; we can ignore
+		 * transport->smart_options->cas altogether and instead
+		 * can enumerate them from the refs.
+		 */
+		if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+			struct strbuf cas = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&cas, "%s:%s",
+				    ref->name, oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid_expect));
+			string_list_append(&cas_options, strbuf_detach(&cas, NULL));
+		}
 	}
-	if (buf.len == 0)
+	if (buf.len == 0) {
+		string_list_clear(&cas_options, 0);
 		return 0;
-
-	standard_options(transport);
-
-	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
-		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
-			die("helper %s does not support dry-run", data->name);
 	}
 
+	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "cas", cas_option->string);
+	set_common_push_options(transport, data->name, flags);
+
 	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 	sendline(data, &buf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs);
-	return 0;
+	return push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs, flags);
 }
 
 static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport *transport,
@@ -726,43 +876,77 @@ static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport *transport,
 	struct ref *ref;
 	struct child_process *helper, exporter;
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
-	struct string_list revlist_args = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list revlist_args = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	if (!data->refspecs)
+		die("remote-helper doesn't support push; refspec needed");
+
+	set_common_push_options(transport, data->name, flags);
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, "force", "true") != 0)
+			warning("helper %s does not support 'force'", data->name);
+	}
+
 	helper = get_helper(transport);
 
 	write_constant(helper->in, "export\n");
 
-	strbuf_reset(&buf);
-
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		char *private;
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_id oid;
 
-		if (!data->refspecs)
-			continue;
 		private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, ref->name);
-		if (private && !get_sha1(private, sha1)) {
+		if (private && !get_sha1(private, oid.hash)) {
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "^%s", private);
 			string_list_append(&revlist_args, strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+			oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &oid);
 		}
 		free(private);
 
-		if (ref->deletion) {
-			die("remote-helpers do not support ref deletion");
+		if (ref->peer_ref) {
+			if (strcmp(ref->name, ref->peer_ref->name)) {
+				if (!ref->deletion) {
+					const char *name;
+					int flag;
+
+					/* Follow symbolic refs (mainly for HEAD). */
+					name = resolve_ref_unsafe(
+						 ref->peer_ref->name,
+						 RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						 oid.hash, &flag);
+					if (!name || !(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
+						name = ref->peer_ref->name;
+
+					strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:%s", name, ref->name);
+				} else
+					strbuf_addf(&buf, ":%s", ref->name);
+
+				string_list_append(&revlist_args, "--refspec");
+				string_list_append(&revlist_args, buf.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&buf);
+			}
+			if (!ref->deletion)
+				string_list_append(&revlist_args, ref->peer_ref->name);
 		}
-
-		if (ref->peer_ref)
-			string_list_append(&revlist_args, ref->peer_ref->name);
-
 	}
 
 	if (get_exporter(transport, &exporter, &revlist_args))
 		die("Couldn't run fast-export");
 
+	string_list_clear(&revlist_args, 1);
+
 	if (finish_command(&exporter))
 		die("Error while running fast-export");
-	push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs);
+	if (push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs, flags))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (data->export_marks) {
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.tmp", data->export_marks);
+		rename(buf.buf, data->export_marks);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -831,7 +1015,8 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 
 	while (1) {
 		char *eov, *eon;
-		recvline(data, &buf);
+		if (recvline(data, &buf))
+			exit(128);
 
 		if (!*buf.buf)
 			break;
@@ -847,11 +1032,14 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 		if (buf.buf[0] == '@')
 			(*tail)->symref = xstrdup(buf.buf + 1);
 		else if (buf.buf[0] != '?')
-			get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, (*tail)->old_sha1);
+			get_oid_hex(buf.buf, &(*tail)->old_oid);
 		if (eon) {
 			if (has_attribute(eon + 1, "unchanged")) {
 				(*tail)->status |= REF_STATUS_UPTODATE;
-				read_ref((*tail)->name, (*tail)->old_sha1);
+				if (read_ref((*tail)->name,
+					     (*tail)->old_oid.hash) < 0)
+					die(N_("Could not read ref %s"),
+					    (*tail)->name);
 			}
 		}
 		tail = &((*tail)->next);
@@ -868,9 +1056,11 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 
 int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name)
 {
-	struct helper_data *data = xcalloc(sizeof(*data), 1);
+	struct helper_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
 	data->name = name;
 
+	transport_check_allowed(name);
+
 	if (getenv("GIT_TRANSPORT_HELPER_DEBUG"))
 		debug = 1;
 
@@ -894,6 +1084,7 @@ int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name)
 #define PBUFFERSIZE 8192
 
 /* Print bidirectional transfer loop debug message. */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void transfer_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
@@ -935,7 +1126,7 @@ struct unidirectional_transfer {
 	int src_is_sock;
 	/* Is destination socket? */
 	int dest_is_sock;
-	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
+	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERRING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
 	int state;
 	/* Buffer. */
 	char buf[BUFFERSIZE];
@@ -961,7 +1152,7 @@ static void udt_close_if_finished(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 }
 
 /*
- * Tries to read read data from source into buffer. If buffer is full,
+ * Tries to read data from source into buffer. If buffer is full,
  * no data is read. Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
  */
 static int udt_do_read(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
@@ -975,11 +1166,11 @@ static int udt_do_read(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 	bytes = read(t->src, t->buf + t->bufuse, BUFFERSIZE - t->bufuse);
 	if (bytes < 0 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN &&
 		errno != EINTR) {
-		error("read(%s) failed: %s", t->src_name, strerror(errno));
+		error_errno("read(%s) failed", t->src_name);
 		return -1;
 	} else if (bytes == 0) {
 		transfer_debug("%s EOF (with %i bytes in buffer)",
-			t->src_name, t->bufuse);
+			t->src_name, (int)t->bufuse);
 		t->state = SSTATE_FLUSHING;
 	} else if (bytes > 0) {
 		t->bufuse += bytes;
@@ -1000,10 +1191,9 @@ static int udt_do_write(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 		return 0;	/* Nothing to write. */
 
 	transfer_debug("%s is writable", t->dest_name);
-	bytes = write(t->dest, t->buf, t->bufuse);
-	if (bytes < 0 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN &&
-		errno != EINTR) {
-		error("write(%s) failed: %s", t->dest_name, strerror(errno));
+	bytes = xwrite(t->dest, t->buf, t->bufuse);
+	if (bytes < 0 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
+		error_errno("write(%s) failed", t->dest_name);
 		return -1;
 	} else if (bytes > 0) {
 		t->bufuse -= bytes;
@@ -1043,7 +1233,7 @@ static void *udt_copy_task_routine(void *udt)
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 
 /*
- * Join thread, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * Join thread, with appropriate errors on failure. Name is name for the
  * thread (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
  */
 static int tloop_join(pthread_t thread, const char *name)
@@ -1109,14 +1299,14 @@ static void udt_kill_transfer(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 }
 
 /*
- * Join process, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * Join process, with appropriate errors on failure. Name is name for the
  * process (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
  */
 static int tloop_join(pid_t pid, const char *name)
 {
 	int tret;
 	if (waitpid(pid, &tret, 0) < 0) {
-		error("%s process failed to wait: %s", name, strerror(errno));
+		error_errno("%s process failed to wait", name);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	if (!WIFEXITED(tret) || WEXITSTATUS(tret)) {
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index 63f38e3940..095e61f0ad 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "walker.h"
 #include "bundle.h"
@@ -11,132 +13,9 @@
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "url.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
-
-/* rsync support */
-
-/*
- * We copy packed-refs and refs/ into a temporary file, then read the
- * loose refs recursively (sorting whenever possible), and then inserting
- * those packed refs that are not yet in the list (not validating, but
- * assuming that the file is sorted).
- *
- * Appears refactoring this from refs.c is too cumbersome.
- */
-
-static int str_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	const char *s1 = a;
-	const char *s2 = b;
-
-	return strcmp(s1, s2);
-}
-
-/* path->buf + name_offset is expected to point to "refs/" */
-
-static int read_loose_refs(struct strbuf *path, int name_offset,
-		struct ref **tail)
-{
-	DIR *dir = opendir(path->buf);
-	struct dirent *de;
-	struct {
-		char **entries;
-		int nr, alloc;
-	} list;
-	int i, pathlen;
-
-	if (!dir)
-		return -1;
-
-	memset (&list, 0, sizeof(list));
-
-	while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
-		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
-			continue;
-		ALLOC_GROW(list.entries, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
-		list.entries[list.nr++] = xstrdup(de->d_name);
-	}
-	closedir(dir);
-
-	/* sort the list */
-
-	qsort(list.entries, list.nr, sizeof(char *), str_cmp);
-
-	pathlen = path->len;
-	strbuf_addch(path, '/');
-
-	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++, strbuf_setlen(path, pathlen + 1)) {
-		strbuf_addstr(path, list.entries[i]);
-		if (read_loose_refs(path, name_offset, tail)) {
-			int fd = open(path->buf, O_RDONLY);
-			char buffer[40];
-			struct ref *next;
-
-			if (fd < 0)
-				continue;
-			next = alloc_ref(path->buf + name_offset);
-			if (read_in_full(fd, buffer, 40) != 40 ||
-					get_sha1_hex(buffer, next->old_sha1)) {
-				close(fd);
-				free(next);
-				continue;
-			}
-			close(fd);
-			(*tail)->next = next;
-			*tail = next;
-		}
-	}
-	strbuf_setlen(path, pathlen);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
-		free(list.entries[i]);
-	free(list.entries);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/* insert the packed refs for which no loose refs were found */
-
-static void insert_packed_refs(const char *packed_refs, struct ref **list)
-{
-	FILE *f = fopen(packed_refs, "r");
-	static char buffer[PATH_MAX];
-
-	if (!f)
-		return;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		int cmp = cmp, len;
-
-		if (!fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f)) {
-			fclose(f);
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if (hexval(buffer[0]) > 0xf)
-			continue;
-		len = strlen(buffer);
-		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
-			buffer[--len] = '\0';
-		if (len < 41)
-			continue;
-		while ((*list)->next &&
-				(cmp = strcmp(buffer + 41,
-				      (*list)->next->name)) > 0)
-			list = &(*list)->next;
-		if (!(*list)->next || cmp < 0) {
-			struct ref *next = alloc_ref(buffer + 41);
-			buffer[40] = '\0';
-			if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, next->old_sha1)) {
-				warning ("invalid SHA-1: %s", buffer);
-				free(next);
-				continue;
-			}
-			next->next = (*list)->next;
-			(*list)->next = next;
-			list = &(*list)->next;
-		}
-	}
-}
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 static void set_upstreams(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs,
 	int pretend)
@@ -157,21 +36,22 @@ static void set_upstreams(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs,
 			continue;
 		if (!ref->peer_ref)
 			continue;
-		if (is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1))
+		if (is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid))
 			continue;
 
 		/* Follow symbolic refs (mainly for HEAD). */
 		localname = ref->peer_ref->name;
 		remotename = ref->name;
-		tmp = resolve_ref_unsafe(localname, sha, 1, &flag);
+		tmp = resolve_ref_unsafe(localname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					 sha, &flag);
 		if (tmp && flag & REF_ISSYMREF &&
-			!prefixcmp(tmp, "refs/heads/"))
+			starts_with(tmp, "refs/heads/"))
 			localname = tmp;
 
 		/* Both source and destination must be local branches. */
-		if (!localname || prefixcmp(localname, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (!localname || !starts_with(localname, "refs/heads/"))
 			continue;
-		if (!remotename || prefixcmp(remotename, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (!remotename || !starts_with(remotename, "refs/heads/"))
 			continue;
 
 		if (!pretend)
@@ -185,220 +65,6 @@ static void set_upstreams(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs,
 	}
 }
 
-static const char *rsync_url(const char *url)
-{
-	return prefixcmp(url, "rsync://") ? skip_prefix(url, "rsync:") : url;
-}
-
-static struct ref *get_refs_via_rsync(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, temp_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct ref dummy = {NULL}, *tail = &dummy;
-	struct child_process rsync;
-	const char *args[5];
-	int temp_dir_len;
-
-	if (for_push)
-		return NULL;
-
-	/* copy the refs to the temporary directory */
-
-	strbuf_addstr(&temp_dir, git_path("rsync-refs-XXXXXX"));
-	if (!mkdtemp(temp_dir.buf))
-		die_errno ("Could not make temporary directory");
-	temp_dir_len = temp_dir.len;
-
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "/refs");
-
-	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
-	rsync.argv = args;
-	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
-	args[0] = "rsync";
-	args[1] = (transport->verbose > 0) ? "-rv" : "-r";
-	args[2] = buf.buf;
-	args[3] = temp_dir.buf;
-	args[4] = NULL;
-
-	if (run_command(&rsync))
-		die ("Could not run rsync to get refs");
-
-	strbuf_reset(&buf);
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "/packed-refs");
-
-	args[2] = buf.buf;
-
-	if (run_command(&rsync))
-		die ("Could not run rsync to get refs");
-
-	/* read the copied refs */
-
-	strbuf_addstr(&temp_dir, "/refs");
-	read_loose_refs(&temp_dir, temp_dir_len + 1, &tail);
-	strbuf_setlen(&temp_dir, temp_dir_len);
-
-	tail = &dummy;
-	strbuf_addstr(&temp_dir, "/packed-refs");
-	insert_packed_refs(temp_dir.buf, &tail);
-	strbuf_setlen(&temp_dir, temp_dir_len);
-
-	if (remove_dir_recursively(&temp_dir, 0))
-		warning ("Error removing temporary directory %s.",
-				temp_dir.buf);
-
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	strbuf_release(&temp_dir);
-
-	return dummy.next;
-}
-
-static int fetch_objs_via_rsync(struct transport *transport,
-				int nr_objs, struct ref **to_fetch)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct child_process rsync;
-	const char *args[8];
-	int result;
-
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "/objects/");
-
-	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
-	rsync.argv = args;
-	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
-	args[0] = "rsync";
-	args[1] = (transport->verbose > 0) ? "-rv" : "-r";
-	args[2] = "--ignore-existing";
-	args[3] = "--exclude";
-	args[4] = "info";
-	args[5] = buf.buf;
-	args[6] = get_object_directory();
-	args[7] = NULL;
-
-	/* NEEDSWORK: handle one level of alternates */
-	result = run_command(&rsync);
-
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-
-	return result;
-}
-
-static int write_one_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		int flags, void *data)
-{
-	struct strbuf *buf = data;
-	int len = buf->len;
-	FILE *f;
-
-	/* when called via for_each_ref(), flags is non-zero */
-	if (flags && prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") &&
-			prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/"))
-		return 0;
-
-	strbuf_addstr(buf, name);
-	if (safe_create_leading_directories(buf->buf) ||
-			!(f = fopen(buf->buf, "w")) ||
-			fprintf(f, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1)) < 0 ||
-			fclose(f))
-		return error("problems writing temporary file %s", buf->buf);
-	strbuf_setlen(buf, len);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int write_refs_to_temp_dir(struct strbuf *temp_dir,
-		int refspec_nr, const char **refspec)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++) {
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		char *ref;
-
-		if (dwim_ref(refspec[i], strlen(refspec[i]), sha1, &ref) != 1)
-			return error("Could not get ref %s", refspec[i]);
-
-		if (write_one_ref(ref, sha1, 0, temp_dir)) {
-			free(ref);
-			return -1;
-		}
-		free(ref);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int rsync_transport_push(struct transport *transport,
-		int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, temp_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int result = 0, i;
-	struct child_process rsync;
-	const char *args[10];
-
-	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR)
-		return error("rsync transport does not support mirror mode");
-
-	/* first push the objects */
-
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
-	strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
-
-	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
-	rsync.argv = args;
-	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
-	i = 0;
-	args[i++] = "rsync";
-	args[i++] = "-a";
-	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN)
-		args[i++] = "--dry-run";
-	if (transport->verbose > 0)
-		args[i++] = "-v";
-	args[i++] = "--ignore-existing";
-	args[i++] = "--exclude";
-	args[i++] = "info";
-	args[i++] = get_object_directory();
-	args[i++] = buf.buf;
-	args[i++] = NULL;
-
-	if (run_command(&rsync))
-		return error("Could not push objects to %s",
-				rsync_url(transport->url));
-
-	/* copy the refs to the temporary directory; they could be packed. */
-
-	strbuf_addstr(&temp_dir, git_path("rsync-refs-XXXXXX"));
-	if (!mkdtemp(temp_dir.buf))
-		die_errno ("Could not make temporary directory");
-	strbuf_addch(&temp_dir, '/');
-
-	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL) {
-		if (for_each_ref(write_one_ref, &temp_dir))
-			return -1;
-	} else if (write_refs_to_temp_dir(&temp_dir, refspec_nr, refspec))
-		return -1;
-
-	i = 2;
-	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN)
-		args[i++] = "--dry-run";
-	if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE))
-		args[i++] = "--ignore-existing";
-	args[i++] = temp_dir.buf;
-	args[i++] = rsync_url(transport->url);
-	args[i++] = NULL;
-	if (run_command(&rsync))
-		result = error("Could not push to %s",
-				rsync_url(transport->url));
-
-	if (remove_dir_recursively(&temp_dir, 0))
-		warning ("Could not remove temporary directory %s.",
-				temp_dir.buf);
-
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	strbuf_release(&temp_dir);
-
-	return result;
-}
-
 struct bundle_transport_data {
 	int fd;
 	struct bundle_header header;
@@ -421,7 +87,7 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_from_bundle(struct transport *transport, int for_pus
 	for (i = 0; i < data->header.references.nr; i++) {
 		struct ref_list_entry *e = data->header.references.list + i;
 		struct ref *ref = alloc_ref(e->name);
-		hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, e->sha1);
+		hashcpy(ref->old_oid.hash, e->sha1);
 		ref->next = result;
 		result = ref;
 	}
@@ -450,7 +116,8 @@ struct git_transport_data {
 	struct child_process *conn;
 	int fd[2];
 	unsigned got_remote_heads : 1;
-	struct extra_have_objects extra_have;
+	struct sha1_array extra_have;
+	struct sha1_array shallow;
 };
 
 static int set_git_option(struct git_transport_options *opts,
@@ -471,27 +138,41 @@ static int set_git_option(struct git_transport_options *opts,
 	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_KEEP)) {
 		opts->keep = !!value;
 		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_UPDATE_SHALLOW)) {
+		opts->update_shallow = !!value;
+		return 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH)) {
 		if (!value)
 			opts->depth = 0;
-		else
-			opts->depth = atoi(value);
+		else {
+			char *end;
+			opts->depth = strtol(value, &end, 0);
+			if (*end)
+				die("transport: invalid depth option '%s'", value);
+		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int connect_setup(struct transport *transport, int for_push, int verbose)
+static int connect_setup(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 {
 	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	int flags = transport->verbose > 0 ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0;
 
 	if (data->conn)
 		return 0;
 
+	switch (transport->family) {
+	case TRANSPORT_FAMILY_ALL: break;
+	case TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4: flags |= CONNECT_IPV4; break;
+	case TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6: flags |= CONNECT_IPV6; break;
+	}
+
 	data->conn = git_connect(data->fd, transport->url,
 				 for_push ? data->options.receivepack :
 				 data->options.uploadpack,
-				 verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
+				 flags);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -501,9 +182,11 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_via_connect(struct transport *transport, int for_pus
 	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct ref *refs;
 
-	connect_setup(transport, for_push, 0);
-	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs,
-			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, &data->extra_have);
+	connect_setup(transport, for_push);
+	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs,
+			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0,
+			 &data->extra_have,
+			 &data->shallow);
 	data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 
 	return refs;
@@ -513,12 +196,9 @@ static int fetch_refs_via_pack(struct transport *transport,
 			       int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
 	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
-	char **heads = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(*heads));
-	char **origh = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(*origh));
-	const struct ref *refs;
+	struct ref *refs;
 	char *dest = xstrdup(transport->url);
 	struct fetch_pack_args args;
-	int i;
 	struct ref *refs_tmp = NULL;
 
 	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
@@ -527,36 +207,39 @@ static int fetch_refs_via_pack(struct transport *transport,
 	args.lock_pack = 1;
 	args.use_thin_pack = data->options.thin;
 	args.include_tag = data->options.followtags;
-	args.verbose = (transport->verbose > 0);
+	args.verbose = (transport->verbose > 1);
 	args.quiet = (transport->verbose < 0);
 	args.no_progress = !transport->progress;
 	args.depth = data->options.depth;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		origh[i] = heads[i] = xstrdup(to_fetch[i]->name);
+	args.check_self_contained_and_connected =
+		data->options.check_self_contained_and_connected;
+	args.cloning = transport->cloning;
+	args.update_shallow = data->options.update_shallow;
 
 	if (!data->got_remote_heads) {
-		connect_setup(transport, 0, 0);
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs_tmp, 0, NULL);
+		connect_setup(transport, 0);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs_tmp, 0,
+				 NULL, &data->shallow);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
 	refs = fetch_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn,
 			  refs_tmp ? refs_tmp : transport->remote_refs,
-			  dest, nr_heads, heads, &transport->pack_lockfile);
+			  dest, to_fetch, nr_heads, &data->shallow,
+			  &transport->pack_lockfile);
 	close(data->fd[0]);
 	close(data->fd[1]);
-	if (finish_connect(data->conn))
+	if (finish_connect(data->conn)) {
+		free_refs(refs);
 		refs = NULL;
+	}
 	data->conn = NULL;
 	data->got_remote_heads = 0;
+	data->options.self_contained_and_connected =
+		args.self_contained_and_connected;
 
 	free_refs(refs_tmp);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		free(origh[i]);
-	free(origh);
-	free(heads);
+	free_refs(refs);
 	free(dest);
 	return (refs ? 0 : -1);
 }
@@ -607,7 +290,7 @@ void transport_update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int v
 			delete_ref(rs.dst, NULL, 0);
 		} else
 			update_ref("update by push", rs.dst,
-					ref->new_sha1, NULL, 0, 0);
+					ref->new_oid.hash, NULL, 0, 0);
 		free(rs.dst);
 	}
 }
@@ -647,29 +330,30 @@ static void print_ok_ref_status(struct ref *ref, int porcelain)
 {
 	if (ref->deletion)
 		print_ref_status('-', "[deleted]", ref, NULL, NULL, porcelain);
-	else if (is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1))
+	else if (is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid))
 		print_ref_status('*',
-			(!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/") ? "[new tag]" :
+			(starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/") ? "[new tag]" :
 			"[new branch]"),
 			ref, ref->peer_ref, NULL, porcelain);
 	else {
-		char quickref[84];
+		struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
 		char type;
 		const char *msg;
 
-		strcpy(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_sha1));
-		if (ref->nonfastforward) {
-			strcat(quickref, "...");
+		strbuf_addstr(&quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_oid.hash));
+		if (ref->forced_update) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "...");
 			type = '+';
 			msg = "forced update";
 		} else {
-			strcat(quickref, "..");
+			strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "..");
 			type = ' ';
 			msg = NULL;
 		}
-		strcat(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->new_sha1));
+		strbuf_addstr(&quickref, status_abbrev(ref->new_oid.hash));
 
-		print_ref_status(type, quickref, ref, ref->peer_ref, msg, porcelain);
+		print_ref_status(type, quickref.buf, ref, ref->peer_ref, msg, porcelain);
+		strbuf_release(&quickref);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -694,6 +378,26 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
 						 "non-fast-forward", porcelain);
 		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "already exists", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "fetch first", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "needs force", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "stale info", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "new shallow roots not allowed", porcelain);
+		break;
 	case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 		print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
 						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
@@ -704,6 +408,10 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
 						 "remote failed to report status", porcelain);
 		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_ATOMIC_PUSH_FAILED:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "atomic push failed", porcelain);
+		break;
 	case REF_STATUS_OK:
 		print_ok_ref_status(ref, porcelain);
 		break;
@@ -713,10 +421,14 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 }
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-				  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward)
+				  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int n = 0;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	char *head;
+
+	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL);
 
 	if (verbose) {
 		for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
@@ -728,15 +440,26 @@ void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
 		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
 
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_NONE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
-		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD)
-			*nonfastforward = 1;
+		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) {
+			if (head != NULL && !strcmp(head, ref->name))
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD;
+			else
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+		}
 	}
+	free(head);
 }
 
 void transport_verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads)
@@ -770,9 +493,10 @@ static int git_transport_push(struct transport *transport, struct ref *remote_re
 
 	if (!data->got_remote_heads) {
 		struct ref *tmp_refs;
-		connect_setup(transport, 1, 0);
+		connect_setup(transport, 1);
 
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL,
+				 NULL, &data->shallow);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -785,6 +509,15 @@ static int git_transport_push(struct transport *transport, struct ref *remote_re
 	args.progress = transport->progress;
 	args.dry_run = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN);
 	args.porcelain = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN);
+	args.atomic = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ATOMIC);
+	args.url = transport->url;
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS)
+		args.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS;
+	else if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED)
+		args.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED;
+	else
+		args.push_cert = SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_NEVER;
 
 	ret = send_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn, remote_refs,
 			&data->extra_have);
@@ -848,14 +581,8 @@ void transport_take_over(struct transport *transport,
 	transport->push_refs = git_transport_push;
 	transport->disconnect = disconnect_git;
 	transport->smart_options = &(data->options);
-}
 
-static int is_local(const char *url)
-{
-	const char *colon = strchr(url, ':');
-	const char *slash = strchr(url, '/');
-	return !colon || (slash && slash < colon) ||
-		has_dos_drive_prefix(url);
+	transport->cannot_reuse = 1;
 }
 
 static int is_file(const char *url)
@@ -871,6 +598,42 @@ static int external_specification_len(const char *url)
 	return strchr(url, ':') - url;
 }
 
+static const struct string_list *protocol_whitelist(void)
+{
+	static int enabled = -1;
+	static struct string_list allowed = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	if (enabled < 0) {
+		const char *v = getenv("GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL");
+		if (v) {
+			string_list_split(&allowed, v, ':', -1);
+			string_list_sort(&allowed);
+			enabled = 1;
+		} else {
+			enabled = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return enabled ? &allowed : NULL;
+}
+
+int is_transport_allowed(const char *type)
+{
+	const struct string_list *allowed = protocol_whitelist();
+	return !allowed || string_list_has_string(allowed, type);
+}
+
+void transport_check_allowed(const char *type)
+{
+	if (!is_transport_allowed(type))
+		die("transport '%s' not allowed", type);
+}
+
+int transport_restrict_protocols(void)
+{
+	return !!protocol_whitelist();
+}
+
 struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
 {
 	const char *helper;
@@ -895,31 +658,33 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
 
 		while (is_urlschemechar(p == url, *p))
 			p++;
-		if (!prefixcmp(p, "::"))
+		if (starts_with(p, "::"))
 			helper = xstrndup(url, p - url);
 	}
 
 	if (helper) {
 		transport_helper_init(ret, helper);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(url, "rsync:")) {
-		ret->get_refs_list = get_refs_via_rsync;
-		ret->fetch = fetch_objs_via_rsync;
-		ret->push = rsync_transport_push;
-		ret->smart_options = NULL;
-	} else if (is_local(url) && is_file(url) && is_bundle(url, 1)) {
+	} else if (starts_with(url, "rsync:")) {
+		die("git-over-rsync is no longer supported");
+	} else if (url_is_local_not_ssh(url) && is_file(url) && is_bundle(url, 1)) {
 		struct bundle_transport_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
+		transport_check_allowed("file");
 		ret->data = data;
 		ret->get_refs_list = get_refs_from_bundle;
 		ret->fetch = fetch_refs_from_bundle;
 		ret->disconnect = close_bundle;
 		ret->smart_options = NULL;
 	} else if (!is_url(url)
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "file://")
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "git://")
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "ssh://")
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "git+ssh://")
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "ssh+git://")) {
-		/* These are builtin smart transports. */
+		|| starts_with(url, "file://")
+		|| starts_with(url, "git://")
+		|| starts_with(url, "ssh://")
+		|| starts_with(url, "git+ssh://") /* deprecated - do not use */
+		|| starts_with(url, "ssh+git://") /* deprecated - do not use */
+		) {
+		/*
+		 * These are builtin smart transports; "allowed" transports
+		 * will be checked individually in git_connect.
+		 */
 		struct git_transport_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
 		ret->data = data;
 		ret->set_option = NULL;
@@ -935,9 +700,7 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
 	} else {
 		/* Unknown protocol in URL. Pass to external handler. */
 		int len = external_specification_len(url);
-		char *handler = xmalloc(len + 1);
-		handler[len] = 0;
-		strncpy(handler, url, len);
+		char *handler = xmemdupz(url, len);
 		transport_helper_init(ret, handler);
 	}
 
@@ -980,7 +743,7 @@ int transport_set_option(struct transport *transport,
 void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 	int force_progress)
 {
-	if (verbosity >= 2)
+	if (verbosity >= 1)
 		transport->verbose = verbosity <= 3 ? verbosity : 3;
 	if (verbosity < 0)
 		transport->verbose = -1;
@@ -989,18 +752,103 @@ void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 	 * Rules used to determine whether to report progress (processing aborts
 	 * when a rule is satisfied):
 	 *
-	 *   1. Report progress, if force_progress is 1 (ie. --progress).
-	 *   2. Don't report progress, if verbosity < 0 (ie. -q/--quiet ).
-	 *   3. Report progress if isatty(2) is 1.
+	 *   . Report progress, if force_progress is 1 (ie. --progress).
+	 *   . Don't report progress, if force_progress is 0 (ie. --no-progress).
+	 *   . Don't report progress, if verbosity < 0 (ie. -q/--quiet ).
+	 *   . Report progress if isatty(2) is 1.
 	 **/
-	transport->progress = force_progress || (verbosity >= 0 && isatty(2));
+	if (force_progress >= 0)
+		transport->progress = !!force_progress;
+	else
+		transport->progress = verbosity >= 0 && isatty(2);
+}
+
+static void die_with_unpushed_submodules(struct string_list *needs_pushing)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "The following submodule paths contain changes that can\n"
+			"not be found on any remote:\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < needs_pushing->nr; i++)
+		printf("  %s\n", needs_pushing->items[i].string);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\nPlease try\n\n"
+			"	git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand\n\n"
+			"or cd to the path and use\n\n"
+			"	git push\n\n"
+			"to push them to a remote.\n\n");
+
+	string_list_clear(needs_pushing, 0);
+
+	die("Aborting.");
+}
+
+static int run_pre_push_hook(struct transport *transport,
+			     struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	int ret = 0, x;
+	struct ref *r;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	const char *argv[4];
+
+	if (!(argv[0] = find_hook("pre-push")))
+		return 0;
+
+	argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
+	argv[2] = transport->url;
+	argv[3] = NULL;
+
+	proc.argv = argv;
+	proc.in = -1;
+
+	if (start_command(&proc)) {
+		finish_command(&proc);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 256);
+
+	for (r = remote_refs; r; r = r->next) {
+		if (!r->peer_ref) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_UPTODATE) continue;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf( &buf, "%s %s %s %s\n",
+			 r->peer_ref->name, oid_to_hex(&r->new_oid),
+			 r->name, oid_to_hex(&r->old_oid));
+
+		if (write_in_full(proc.in, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0) {
+			/* We do not mind if a hook does not read all refs. */
+			if (errno != EPIPE)
+				ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	x = close(proc.in);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
+
+	x = finish_command(&proc);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int *nonfastforward)
+		   unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	transport_verify_remote_names(refspec_nr, refspec);
 
 	if (transport->push) {
@@ -1010,8 +858,7 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 
 		return transport->push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags);
 	} else if (transport->push_refs) {
-		struct ref *remote_refs =
-			transport->get_refs_list(transport, 1);
+		struct ref *remote_refs;
 		struct ref *local_refs = get_local_heads();
 		int match_flags = MATCH_REFS_NONE;
 		int verbose = (transport->verbose > 0);
@@ -1020,26 +867,58 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		int pretend = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN;
 		int push_ret, ret, err;
 
+		if (check_push_refs(local_refs, refspec_nr, refspec) < 0)
+			return -1;
+
+		remote_refs = transport->get_refs_list(transport, 1);
+
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_ALL;
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE)
+			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_PRUNE;
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS;
 
 		if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs,
 				    refspec_nr, refspec, match_flags)) {
 			return -1;
 		}
 
+		if (transport->smart_options &&
+		    transport->smart_options->cas &&
+		    !is_empty_cas(transport->smart_options->cas))
+			apply_push_cas(transport->smart_options->cas,
+				       transport->remote, remote_refs);
+
 		set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE);
 
-		if ((flags & TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK) && !is_bare_repository()) {
+		if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK))
+			if (run_pre_push_hook(transport, remote_refs))
+				return -1;
+
+		if ((flags & TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) && !is_bare_repository()) {
 			struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
 			for (; ref; ref = ref->next)
-				if (!is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1) &&
-				    check_submodule_needs_pushing(ref->new_sha1,transport->remote->name))
-					die("There are unpushed submodules, aborting.");
+				if (!is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid) &&
+				    !push_unpushed_submodules(ref->new_oid.hash,
+					    transport->remote->name))
+				    die ("Failed to push all needed submodules!");
+		}
+
+		if ((flags & (TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND |
+			      TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK)) && !is_bare_repository()) {
+			struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
+			struct string_list needs_pushing = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+			for (; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				if (!is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid) &&
+				    find_unpushed_submodules(ref->new_oid.hash,
+					    transport->remote->name, &needs_pushing))
+					die_with_unpushed_submodules(&needs_pushing);
 		}
 
 		push_ret = transport->push_refs(transport, remote_refs, flags);
@@ -1049,7 +928,7 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		if (!quiet || err)
 			transport_print_push_status(transport->url, remote_refs,
 					verbose | porcelain, porcelain,
-					nonfastforward);
+					reject_reasons);
 
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM)
 			set_upstreams(transport, remote_refs, pretend);
@@ -1090,8 +969,8 @@ int transport_fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs)
 	for (rm = refs; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 		nr_refs++;
 		if (rm->peer_ref &&
-		    !is_null_sha1(rm->old_sha1) &&
-		    !hashcmp(rm->peer_ref->old_sha1, rm->old_sha1))
+		    !is_null_oid(&rm->old_oid) &&
+		    !oidcmp(&rm->peer_ref->old_oid, &rm->old_oid))
 			continue;
 		ALLOC_GROW(heads, nr_heads + 1, nr_alloc);
 		heads[nr_heads++] = rm;
@@ -1103,9 +982,9 @@ int transport_fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs)
 		 * then local and remote refs are likely to still be equal.
 		 * Just feed them all to the fetch method in that case.
 		 * This condition shouldn't be met in a non-deepening fetch
-		 * (see builtin-fetch.c:quickfetch()).
+		 * (see builtin/fetch.c:quickfetch()).
 		 */
-		heads = xmalloc(nr_refs * sizeof(*heads));
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(heads, nr_refs);
 		for (rm = refs; rm; rm = rm->next)
 			heads[nr_heads++] = rm;
 	}
@@ -1144,16 +1023,16 @@ int transport_disconnect(struct transport *transport)
 }
 
 /*
- * Strip username (and password) from an url and return
+ * Strip username (and password) from a URL and return
  * it in a newly allocated string.
  */
 char *transport_anonymize_url(const char *url)
 {
-	char *anon_url, *scheme_prefix, *anon_part;
+	char *scheme_prefix, *anon_part;
 	size_t anon_len, prefix_len = 0;
 
 	anon_part = strchr(url, '@');
-	if (is_local(url) || !anon_part)
+	if (url_is_local_not_ssh(url) || !anon_part)
 		goto literal_copy;
 
 	anon_len = strlen(++anon_part);
@@ -1183,10 +1062,8 @@ char *transport_anonymize_url(const char *url)
 			goto literal_copy;
 		prefix_len = scheme_prefix - url + 3;
 	}
-	anon_url = xcalloc(1, 1 + prefix_len + anon_len);
-	memcpy(anon_url, url, prefix_len);
-	memcpy(anon_url + prefix_len, anon_part, anon_len);
-	return anon_url;
+	return xstrfmt("%.*s%.*s", (int)prefix_len, url,
+		       (int)anon_len, anon_part);
 literal_copy:
 	return xstrdup(url);
 }
@@ -1214,11 +1091,11 @@ static int refs_from_alternate_cb(struct alternate_object_database *e,
 	while (other[len-1] == '/')
 		other[--len] = '\0';
 	if (len < 8 || memcmp(other + len - 8, "/objects", 8))
-		return 0;
+		goto out;
 	/* Is this a git repository with refs? */
 	memcpy(other + len - 8, "/refs", 6);
 	if (!is_directory(other))
-		return 0;
+		goto out;
 	other[len - 8] = '\0';
 	remote = remote_get(other);
 	transport = transport_get(remote, other);
@@ -1227,6 +1104,7 @@ static int refs_from_alternate_cb(struct alternate_object_database *e,
 	     extra = extra->next)
 		cb->fn(extra, cb->data);
 	transport_disconnect(transport);
+out:
 	free(other);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
index 059b3303e2..c68140892c 100644
--- a/transport.h
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -2,15 +2,26 @@
 #define TRANSPORT_H
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 
 struct git_transport_options {
 	unsigned thin : 1;
 	unsigned keep : 1;
 	unsigned followtags : 1;
+	unsigned check_self_contained_and_connected : 1;
+	unsigned self_contained_and_connected : 1;
+	unsigned update_shallow : 1;
 	int depth;
 	const char *uploadpack;
 	const char *receivepack;
+	struct push_cas_option *cas;
+};
+
+enum transport_family {
+	TRANSPORT_FAMILY_ALL = 0,
+	TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4,
+	TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6
 };
 
 struct transport {
@@ -25,6 +36,18 @@ struct transport {
 	 */
 	unsigned got_remote_refs : 1;
 
+	/*
+	 * Transports that call take-over destroys the data specific to
+	 * the transport type while doing so, and cannot be reused.
+	 */
+	unsigned cannot_reuse : 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * A hint from caller that it will be performing a clone, not
+	 * normal fetch. IOW the repository is guaranteed empty.
+	 */
+	unsigned cloning : 1;
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns 0 if successful, positive if the option is not
 	 * recognized or is inapplicable, and negative if the option
@@ -57,15 +80,15 @@ struct transport {
 	/**
 	 * Push the objects and refs. Send the necessary objects, and
 	 * then, for any refs where peer_ref is set and
-	 * peer_ref->new_sha1 is different from old_sha1, tell the
-	 * remote side to update each ref in the list from old_sha1 to
-	 * peer_ref->new_sha1.
+	 * peer_ref->new_oid is different from old_oid, tell the
+	 * remote side to update each ref in the list from old_oid to
+	 * peer_ref->new_oid.
 	 *
 	 * Where possible, set the status for each ref appropriately.
 	 *
 	 * The transport must modify new_sha1 in the ref to the new
 	 * value if the remote accepted the change. Note that this
-	 * could be a different value from peer_ref->new_sha1 if the
+	 * could be a different value from peer_ref->new_oid if the
 	 * process involved generating new commits.
 	 **/
 	int (*push_refs)(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs, int flags);
@@ -74,7 +97,7 @@ struct transport {
 		       const char *executable, int fd[2]);
 
 	/** get_refs_list(), fetch(), and push_refs() can keep
-	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for futher
+	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for further
 	 * use. disconnect() releases these resources.
 	 **/
 	int (*disconnect)(struct transport *connection);
@@ -93,6 +116,8 @@ struct transport {
 	 * actually turns out to be smart.
 	 */
 	struct git_transport_options *smart_options;
+
+	enum transport_family family;
 };
 
 #define TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL 1
@@ -102,12 +127,38 @@ struct transport {
 #define TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN 16
 #define TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM 32
 #define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK 64
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE 128
+#define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND 256
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK 512
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS 1024
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS 2048
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED 4096
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_ATOMIC 8192
 
 #define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH (2 * DEFAULT_ABBREV + 3)
+#define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(x) (int)(TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH + strlen(x) - gettext_width(x)), (x)
 
 /* Returns a transport suitable for the url */
 struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
 
+/*
+ * Check whether a transport is allowed by the environment. Type should
+ * generally be the URL scheme, as described in Documentation/git.txt
+ */
+int is_transport_allowed(const char *type);
+
+/*
+ * Check whether a transport is allowed by the environment,
+ * and die otherwise.
+ */
+void transport_check_allowed(const char *type);
+
+/*
+ * Returns true if the user has attempted to turn on protocol
+ * restrictions at all.
+ */
+int transport_restrict_protocols(void);
+
 /* Transport options which apply to git:// and scp-style URLs */
 
 /* The program to use on the remote side to send a pack */
@@ -119,6 +170,9 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
 /* Transfer the data as a thin pack if not null */
 #define TRANS_OPT_THIN "thin"
 
+/* Check the current value of the remote ref */
+#define TRANS_OPT_CAS "cas"
+
 /* Keep the pack that was transferred if not null */
 #define TRANS_OPT_KEEP "keep"
 
@@ -128,6 +182,12 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
 /* Aggressively fetch annotated tags if possible */
 #define TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS "followtags"
 
+/* Accept refs that may update .git/shallow without --depth */
+#define TRANS_OPT_UPDATE_SHALLOW "updateshallow"
+
+/* Send push certificates */
+#define TRANS_OPT_PUSH_CERT "pushcert"
+
 /**
  * Returns 0 if the option was used, non-zero otherwise. Prints a
  * message to stderr if the option is not used.
@@ -137,9 +197,15 @@ int transport_set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
 void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 	int force_progress);
 
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD     0x01
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER    0x02
+#define REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS  0x04
+#define REJECT_FETCH_FIRST     0x08
+#define REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE     0x10
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *connection,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int * nonfastforward);
+		   unsigned int * reject_reasons);
 
 const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport);
 
@@ -157,7 +223,7 @@ int transport_connect(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
 int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name);
 int bidirectional_transfer_loop(int input, int output);
 
-/* common methods used by transport.c and builtin-send-pack.c */
+/* common methods used by transport.c and builtin/send-pack.c */
 void transport_verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads);
 
 void transport_update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int verbose);
@@ -165,9 +231,8 @@ void transport_update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int v
 int transport_refs_pushed(struct ref *ref);
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-		  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward);
+		  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons);
 
 typedef void alternate_ref_fn(const struct ref *, void *);
 extern void for_each_alternate_ref(alternate_ref_fn, void *);
-
 #endif
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index 28ad6db9ff..e164e532b2 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -6,121 +6,303 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 
-static void show_entry(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix,
-		       struct tree_desc *desc, struct strbuf *base);
+/*
+ * internal mode marker, saying a tree entry != entry of tp[imin]
+ * (see ll_diff_tree_paths for what it means there)
+ *
+ * we will update/use/emit entry for diff only with it unset.
+ */
+#define S_IFXMIN_NEQ	S_DIFFTREE_IFXMIN_NEQ
+
+#define FAST_ARRAY_ALLOC(x, nr) do { \
+	if ((nr) <= 2) \
+		(x) = xalloca((nr) * sizeof(*(x))); \
+	else \
+		ALLOC_ARRAY((x), nr); \
+} while(0)
+#define FAST_ARRAY_FREE(x, nr) do { \
+	if ((nr) > 2) \
+		free((x)); \
+} while(0)
+
+static struct combine_diff_path *ll_diff_tree_paths(
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const unsigned char **parents_sha1, int nparent,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+static int ll_diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
+			     struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 
-static int compare_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
-			      struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+/*
+ * Compare two tree entries, taking into account only path/S_ISDIR(mode),
+ * but not their sha1's.
+ *
+ * NOTE files and directories *always* compare differently, even when having
+ *      the same name - thanks to base_name_compare().
+ *
+ * NOTE empty (=invalid) descriptor(s) take part in comparison as +infty,
+ *      so that they sort *after* valid tree entries.
+ *
+ *      Due to this convention, if trees are scanned in sorted order, all
+ *      non-empty descriptors will be processed first.
+ */
+static int tree_entry_pathcmp(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2)
 {
-	unsigned mode1, mode2;
-	const char *path1, *path2;
-	const unsigned char *sha1, *sha2;
-	int cmp, pathlen1, pathlen2;
-	int old_baselen = base->len;
+	struct name_entry *e1, *e2;
+	int cmp;
 
-	sha1 = tree_entry_extract(t1, &path1, &mode1);
-	sha2 = tree_entry_extract(t2, &path2, &mode2);
-
-	pathlen1 = tree_entry_len(&t1->entry);
-	pathlen2 = tree_entry_len(&t2->entry);
-	cmp = base_name_compare(path1, pathlen1, mode1, path2, pathlen2, mode2);
-	if (cmp < 0) {
-		show_entry(opt, "-", t1, base);
+	/* empty descriptors sort after valid tree entries */
+	if (!t1->size)
+		return t2->size ? 1 : 0;
+	else if (!t2->size)
 		return -1;
-	}
-	if (cmp > 0) {
-		show_entry(opt, "+", t2, base);
-		return 1;
-	}
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER) && !hashcmp(sha1, sha2) && mode1 == mode2)
-		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If the filemode has changed to/from a directory from/to a regular
-	 * file, we need to consider it a remove and an add.
-	 */
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) != S_ISDIR(mode2)) {
-		show_entry(opt, "-", t1, base);
-		show_entry(opt, "+", t2, base);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	e1 = &t1->entry;
+	e2 = &t2->entry;
+	cmp = base_name_compare(e1->path, tree_entry_len(e1), e1->mode,
+				e2->path, tree_entry_len(e2), e2->mode);
+	return cmp;
+}
+
 
-	strbuf_add(base, path1, pathlen1);
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && S_ISDIR(mode1)) {
-		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE)) {
-			opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2,
-				    sha1, sha2, base->buf, 0, 0);
+/*
+ * convert path -> opt->diff_*() callbacks
+ *
+ * emits diff to first parent only, and tells diff tree-walker that we are done
+ * with p and it can be freed.
+ */
+static int emit_diff_first_parent_only(struct diff_options *opt, struct combine_diff_path *p)
+{
+	struct combine_diff_parent *p0 = &p->parent[0];
+	if (p->mode && p0->mode) {
+		opt->change(opt, p0->mode, p->mode, p0->oid.hash, p->oid.hash,
+			1, 1, p->path, 0, 0);
+	}
+	else {
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		unsigned int mode;
+		int addremove;
+
+		if (p->mode) {
+			addremove = '+';
+			sha1 = p->oid.hash;
+			mode = p->mode;
+		} else {
+			addremove = '-';
+			sha1 = p0->oid.hash;
+			mode = p0->mode;
 		}
-		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
-		diff_tree_sha1(sha1, sha2, base->buf, opt);
-	} else {
-		opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2, sha1, sha2, base->buf, 0, 0);
+
+		opt->add_remove(opt, addremove, mode, sha1, 1, p->path, 0);
 	}
-	strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
-	return 0;
+
+	return 0;	/* we are done with p */
 }
 
-/* A whole sub-tree went away or appeared */
-static void show_tree(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix,
-		      struct tree_desc *desc, struct strbuf *base)
+
+/*
+ * Make a new combine_diff_path from path/mode/sha1
+ * and append it to paths list tail.
+ *
+ * Memory for created elements could be reused:
+ *
+ *	- if last->next == NULL, the memory is allocated;
+ *
+ *	- if last->next != NULL, it is assumed that p=last->next was returned
+ *	  earlier by this function, and p->next was *not* modified.
+ *	  The memory is then reused from p.
+ *
+ * so for clients,
+ *
+ * - if you do need to keep the element
+ *
+ *	p = path_appendnew(p, ...);
+ *	process(p);
+ *	p->next = NULL;
+ *
+ * - if you don't need to keep the element after processing
+ *
+ *	pprev = p;
+ *	p = path_appendnew(p, ...);
+ *	process(p);
+ *	p = pprev;
+ *	; don't forget to free tail->next in the end
+ *
+ * p->parent[] remains uninitialized.
+ */
+static struct combine_diff_path *path_appendnew(struct combine_diff_path *last,
+	int nparent, const struct strbuf *base, const char *path, int pathlen,
+	unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	enum interesting match = entry_not_interesting;
-	for (; desc->size; update_tree_entry(desc)) {
-		if (match != all_entries_interesting) {
-			match = tree_entry_interesting(&desc->entry, base, 0,
-						       &opt->pathspec);
-			if (match == all_entries_not_interesting)
-				break;
-			if (match == entry_not_interesting)
-				continue;
-		}
-		show_entry(opt, prefix, desc, base);
+	struct combine_diff_path *p;
+	size_t len = st_add(base->len, pathlen);
+	size_t alloclen = combine_diff_path_size(nparent, len);
+
+	/* if last->next is !NULL - it is a pre-allocated memory, we can reuse */
+	p = last->next;
+	if (p && (alloclen > (intptr_t)p->next)) {
+		free(p);
+		p = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!p) {
+		p = xmalloc(alloclen);
+
+		/*
+		 * until we go to it next round, .next holds how many bytes we
+		 * allocated (for faster realloc - we don't need copying old data).
+		 */
+		p->next = (struct combine_diff_path *)(intptr_t)alloclen;
 	}
+
+	last->next = p;
+
+	p->path = (char *)&(p->parent[nparent]);
+	memcpy(p->path, base->buf, base->len);
+	memcpy(p->path + base->len, path, pathlen);
+	p->path[len] = 0;
+	p->mode = mode;
+	hashcpy(p->oid.hash, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1);
+
+	return p;
 }
 
-/* A file entry went away or appeared */
-static void show_entry(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix,
-		       struct tree_desc *desc, struct strbuf *base)
+/*
+ * new path should be added to combine diff
+ *
+ * 3 cases on how/when it should be called and behaves:
+ *
+ *	 t, !tp		-> path added, all parents lack it
+ *	!t,  tp		-> path removed from all parents
+ *	 t,  tp		-> path modified/added
+ *			   (M for tp[i]=tp[imin], A otherwise)
+ */
+static struct combine_diff_path *emit_path(struct combine_diff_path *p,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt, int nparent,
+	struct tree_desc *t, struct tree_desc *tp,
+	int imin)
 {
 	unsigned mode;
 	const char *path;
-	const unsigned char *sha1 = tree_entry_extract(desc, &path, &mode);
-	int pathlen = tree_entry_len(&desc->entry);
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	int pathlen;
 	int old_baselen = base->len;
+	int i, isdir, recurse = 0, emitthis = 1;
 
-	strbuf_add(base, path, pathlen);
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && S_ISDIR(mode)) {
-		enum object_type type;
-		struct tree_desc inner;
-		void *tree;
-		unsigned long size;
+	/* at least something has to be valid */
+	assert(t || tp);
 
-		tree = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!tree || type != OBJ_TREE)
-			die("corrupt tree sha %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (t) {
+		/* path present in resulting tree */
+		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(t, &path, &mode)->hash;
+		pathlen = tree_entry_len(&t->entry);
+		isdir = S_ISDIR(mode);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * a path was removed - take path from imin parent. Also take
+		 * mode from that parent, to decide on recursion(1).
+		 *
+		 * 1) all modes for tp[i]=tp[imin] should be the same wrt
+		 *    S_ISDIR, thanks to base_name_compare().
+		 */
+		tree_entry_extract(&tp[imin], &path, &mode);
+		pathlen = tree_entry_len(&tp[imin].entry);
 
-		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE))
-			opt->add_remove(opt, *prefix, mode, sha1, base->buf, 0);
+		isdir = S_ISDIR(mode);
+		sha1 = NULL;
+		mode = 0;
+	}
 
-		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && isdir) {
+		recurse = 1;
+		emitthis = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE);
+	}
+
+	if (emitthis) {
+		int keep;
+		struct combine_diff_path *pprev = p;
+		p = path_appendnew(p, nparent, base, path, pathlen, mode, sha1);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i) {
+			/*
+			 * tp[i] is valid, if present and if tp[i]==tp[imin] -
+			 * otherwise, we should ignore it.
+			 */
+			int tpi_valid = tp && !(tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ);
+
+			const unsigned char *sha1_i;
+			unsigned mode_i;
+
+			p->parent[i].status =
+				!t ? DIFF_STATUS_DELETED :
+					tpi_valid ?
+						DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED :
+						DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
+
+			if (tpi_valid) {
+				sha1_i = tp[i].entry.oid->hash;
+				mode_i = tp[i].entry.mode;
+			}
+			else {
+				sha1_i = NULL;
+				mode_i = 0;
+			}
+
+			p->parent[i].mode = mode_i;
+			hashcpy(p->parent[i].oid.hash, sha1_i ? sha1_i : null_sha1);
+		}
 
-		init_tree_desc(&inner, tree, size);
-		show_tree(opt, prefix, &inner, base);
-		free(tree);
-	} else
-		opt->add_remove(opt, prefix[0], mode, sha1, base->buf, 0);
+		keep = 1;
+		if (opt->pathchange)
+			keep = opt->pathchange(opt, p);
+
+		/*
+		 * If a path was filtered or consumed - we don't need to add it
+		 * to the list and can reuse its memory, leaving it as
+		 * pre-allocated element on the tail.
+		 *
+		 * On the other hand, if path needs to be kept, we need to
+		 * correct its .next to NULL, as it was pre-initialized to how
+		 * much memory was allocated.
+		 *
+		 * see path_appendnew() for details.
+		 */
+		if (!keep)
+			p = pprev;
+		else
+			p->next = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (recurse) {
+		const unsigned char **parents_sha1;
+
+		FAST_ARRAY_ALLOC(parents_sha1, nparent);
+		for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i) {
+			/* same rule as in emitthis */
+			int tpi_valid = tp && !(tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ);
+
+			parents_sha1[i] = tpi_valid ? tp[i].entry.oid->hash
+						    : NULL;
+		}
+
+		strbuf_add(base, path, pathlen);
+		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
+		p = ll_diff_tree_paths(p, sha1, parents_sha1, nparent, base, opt);
+		FAST_ARRAY_FREE(parents_sha1, nparent);
+	}
 
 	strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
+	return p;
 }
 
 static void skip_uninteresting(struct tree_desc *t, struct strbuf *base,
-			       struct diff_options *opt,
-			       enum interesting *match)
+			       struct diff_options *opt)
 {
+	enum interesting match;
+
 	while (t->size) {
-		*match = tree_entry_interesting(&t->entry, base, 0, &opt->pathspec);
-		if (*match) {
-			if (*match == all_entries_not_interesting)
+		match = tree_entry_interesting(&t->entry, base, 0, &opt->pathspec);
+		if (match) {
+			if (match == all_entries_not_interesting)
 				t->size = 0;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -128,56 +310,260 @@ static void skip_uninteresting(struct tree_desc *t, struct strbuf *base,
 	}
 }
 
-int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
-	      const char *base_str, struct diff_options *opt)
+
+/*
+ * generate paths for combined diff D(sha1,parents_sha1[])
+ *
+ * Resulting paths are appended to combine_diff_path linked list, and also, are
+ * emitted on the go via opt->pathchange() callback, so it is possible to
+ * process the result as batch or incrementally.
+ *
+ * The paths are generated scanning new tree and all parents trees
+ * simultaneously, similarly to what diff_tree() was doing for 2 trees.
+ * The theory behind such scan is as follows:
+ *
+ *
+ * D(T,P1...Pn) calculation scheme
+ * -------------------------------
+ *
+ * D(T,P1...Pn) = D(T,P1) ^ ... ^ D(T,Pn)	(regarding resulting paths set)
+ *
+ *	D(T,Pj)		- diff between T..Pj
+ *	D(T,P1...Pn)	- combined diff from T to parents P1,...,Pn
+ *
+ *
+ * We start from all trees, which are sorted, and compare their entries in
+ * lock-step:
+ *
+ *	 T     P1       Pn
+ *	 -     -        -
+ *	|t|   |p1|     |pn|
+ *	|-|   |--| ... |--|      imin = argmin(p1...pn)
+ *	| |   |  |     |  |
+ *	|-|   |--|     |--|
+ *	|.|   |. |     |. |
+ *	 .     .        .
+ *	 .     .        .
+ *
+ * at any time there could be 3 cases:
+ *
+ *	1)  t < p[imin];
+ *	2)  t > p[imin];
+ *	3)  t = p[imin].
+ *
+ * Schematic deduction of what every case means, and what to do, follows:
+ *
+ * 1)  t < p[imin]  ->  ∀j t ∉ Pj  ->  "+t" ∈ D(T,Pj)  ->  D += "+t";  t↓
+ *
+ * 2)  t > p[imin]
+ *
+ *     2.1) ∃j: pj > p[imin]  ->  "-p[imin]" ∉ D(T,Pj)  ->  D += ø;  ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓
+ *     2.2) ∀i  pi = p[imin]  ->  pi ∉ T  ->  "-pi" ∈ D(T,Pi)  ->  D += "-p[imin]";  ∀i pi↓
+ *
+ * 3)  t = p[imin]
+ *
+ *     3.1) ∃j: pj > p[imin]  ->  "+t" ∈ D(T,Pj)  ->  only pi=p[imin] remains to investigate
+ *     3.2) pi = p[imin]  ->  investigate δ(t,pi)
+ *      |
+ *      |
+ *      v
+ *
+ *     3.1+3.2) looking at δ(t,pi) ∀i: pi=p[imin] - if all != ø  ->
+ *
+ *                       ⎧δ(t,pi)  - if pi=p[imin]
+ *              ->  D += ⎨
+ *                       ⎩"+t"     - if pi>p[imin]
+ *
+ *
+ *     in any case t↓  ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓
+ *
+ *
+ * ~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * NOTE
+ *
+ *	Usual diff D(A,B) is by definition the same as combined diff D(A,[B]),
+ *	so this diff paths generator can, and is used, for plain diffs
+ *	generation too.
+ *
+ *	Please keep attention to the common D(A,[B]) case when working on the
+ *	code, in order not to slow it down.
+ *
+ * NOTE
+ *	nparent must be > 0.
+ */
+
+
+/* ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓ */
+static inline void update_tp_entries(struct tree_desc *tp, int nparent)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i)
+		if (!(tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ))
+			update_tree_entry(&tp[i]);
+}
+
+static struct combine_diff_path *ll_diff_tree_paths(
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const unsigned char **parents_sha1, int nparent,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
-	struct strbuf base;
-	int baselen = strlen(base_str);
-	enum interesting t1_match = entry_not_interesting;
-	enum interesting t2_match = entry_not_interesting;
+	struct tree_desc t, *tp;
+	void *ttree, **tptree;
+	int i;
+
+	FAST_ARRAY_ALLOC(tp, nparent);
+	FAST_ARRAY_ALLOC(tptree, nparent);
+
+	/*
+	 * load parents first, as they are probably already cached.
+	 *
+	 * ( log_tree_diff() parses commit->parent before calling here via
+	 *   diff_tree_sha1(parent, commit) )
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i)
+		tptree[i] = fill_tree_descriptor(&tp[i], parents_sha1[i]);
+	ttree = fill_tree_descriptor(&t, sha1);
 
 	/* Enable recursion indefinitely */
 	opt->pathspec.recursive = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE);
-	opt->pathspec.max_depth = -1;
-
-	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
-	strbuf_add(&base, base_str, baselen);
 
 	for (;;) {
+		int imin, cmp;
+
 		if (diff_can_quit_early(opt))
 			break;
+
 		if (opt->pathspec.nr) {
-			skip_uninteresting(t1, &base, opt, &t1_match);
-			skip_uninteresting(t2, &base, opt, &t2_match);
+			skip_uninteresting(&t, base, opt);
+			for (i = 0; i < nparent; i++)
+				skip_uninteresting(&tp[i], base, opt);
 		}
-		if (!t1->size) {
-			if (!t2->size)
+
+		/* comparing is finished when all trees are done */
+		if (!t.size) {
+			int done = 1;
+			for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i)
+				if (tp[i].size) {
+					done = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			if (done)
 				break;
-			show_entry(opt, "+", t2, &base);
-			update_tree_entry(t2);
-			continue;
 		}
-		if (!t2->size) {
-			show_entry(opt, "-", t1, &base);
-			update_tree_entry(t1);
-			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * lookup imin = argmin(p1...pn),
+		 * mark entries whether they =p[imin] along the way
+		 */
+		imin = 0;
+		tp[0].entry.mode &= ~S_IFXMIN_NEQ;
+
+		for (i = 1; i < nparent; ++i) {
+			cmp = tree_entry_pathcmp(&tp[i], &tp[imin]);
+			if (cmp < 0) {
+				imin = i;
+				tp[i].entry.mode &= ~S_IFXMIN_NEQ;
+			}
+			else if (cmp == 0) {
+				tp[i].entry.mode &= ~S_IFXMIN_NEQ;
+			}
+			else {
+				tp[i].entry.mode |= S_IFXMIN_NEQ;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* fixup markings for entries before imin */
+		for (i = 0; i < imin; ++i)
+			tp[i].entry.mode |= S_IFXMIN_NEQ;	/* pi > p[imin] */
+
+
+
+		/* compare t vs p[imin] */
+		cmp = tree_entry_pathcmp(&t, &tp[imin]);
+
+		/* t = p[imin] */
+		if (cmp == 0) {
+			/* are either pi > p[imin] or diff(t,pi) != ø ? */
+			if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER)) {
+				for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i) {
+					/* p[i] > p[imin] */
+					if (tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ)
+						continue;
+
+					/* diff(t,pi) != ø */
+					if (oidcmp(t.entry.oid, tp[i].entry.oid) ||
+					    (t.entry.mode != tp[i].entry.mode))
+						continue;
+
+					goto skip_emit_t_tp;
+				}
+			}
+
+			/* D += {δ(t,pi) if pi=p[imin];  "+a" if pi > p[imin]} */
+			p = emit_path(p, base, opt, nparent,
+					&t, tp, imin);
+
+		skip_emit_t_tp:
+			/* t↓,  ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓ */
+			update_tree_entry(&t);
+			update_tp_entries(tp, nparent);
+		}
+
+		/* t < p[imin] */
+		else if (cmp < 0) {
+			/* D += "+t" */
+			p = emit_path(p, base, opt, nparent,
+					&t, /*tp=*/NULL, -1);
+
+			/* t↓ */
+			update_tree_entry(&t);
 		}
-		switch (compare_tree_entry(t1, t2, &base, opt)) {
-		case -1:
-			update_tree_entry(t1);
-			continue;
-		case 0:
-			update_tree_entry(t1);
-			/* Fallthrough */
-		case 1:
-			update_tree_entry(t2);
-			continue;
+
+		/* t > p[imin] */
+		else {
+			/* ∀i pi=p[imin] -> D += "-p[imin]" */
+			if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER)) {
+				for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i)
+					if (tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ)
+						goto skip_emit_tp;
+			}
+
+			p = emit_path(p, base, opt, nparent,
+					/*t=*/NULL, tp, imin);
+
+		skip_emit_tp:
+			/* ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓ */
+			update_tp_entries(tp, nparent);
 		}
-		die("git diff-tree: internal error");
 	}
 
-	strbuf_release(&base);
-	return 0;
+	free(ttree);
+	for (i = nparent-1; i >= 0; i--)
+		free(tptree[i]);
+	FAST_ARRAY_FREE(tptree, nparent);
+	FAST_ARRAY_FREE(tp, nparent);
+
+	return p;
+}
+
+struct combine_diff_path *diff_tree_paths(
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const unsigned char **parents_sha1, int nparent,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	p = ll_diff_tree_paths(p, sha1, parents_sha1, nparent, base, opt);
+
+	/*
+	 * free pre-allocated last element, if any
+	 * (see path_appendnew() for details about why)
+	 */
+	if (p->next) {
+		free(p->next);
+		p->next = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return p;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -191,14 +577,32 @@ static inline int diff_might_be_rename(void)
 		!DIFF_FILE_VALID(diff_queued_diff.queue[0]->one);
 }
 
-static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+static void try_to_follow_renames(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	struct diff_filepair *choice;
-	const char *paths[1];
 	int i;
 
+	/*
+	 * follow-rename code is very specific, we need exactly one
+	 * path. Magic that matches more than one path is not
+	 * supported.
+	 */
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(&opt->pathspec, PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL);
+#if 0
+	/*
+	 * We should reject wildcards as well. Unfortunately we
+	 * haven't got a reliable way to detect that 'foo\*bar' in
+	 * fact has no wildcards. nowildcard_len is merely a hint for
+	 * optimization. Let it slip for now until wildmatch is taught
+	 * about dry-run mode and returns wildcard info.
+	 */
+	if (opt->pathspec.has_wildcard)
+		die("BUG:%s:%d: wildcards are not supported",
+		    __FILE__, __LINE__);
+#endif
+
 	/* Remove the file creation entry from the diff queue, and remember it */
 	choice = q->queue[0];
 	q->nr = 0;
@@ -207,16 +611,13 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->pathspec.raw[0];
+	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->pathspec.items[0].match;
 	diff_opts.break_opt = opt->break_opt;
 	diff_opts.rename_score = opt->rename_score;
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("unable to set up diff options to follow renames");
-	diff_tree(t1, t2, base, &diff_opts);
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
+	ll_diff_tree_sha1(old, new, base, &diff_opts);
 	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	clear_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 
 	/* Go through the new set of filepairing, and see if we find a more interesting one */
 	opt->found_follow = 0;
@@ -229,15 +630,20 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 		 * the future!
 		 */
 		if ((p->status == 'R' || p->status == 'C') &&
-		    !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->pathspec.raw[0])) {
+		    !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->pathspec.items[0].match)) {
+			const char *path[2];
+
 			/* Switch the file-pairs around */
 			q->queue[i] = choice;
 			choice = p;
 
 			/* Update the path we use from now on.. */
-			diff_tree_release_paths(opt);
-			opt->pathspec.raw[0] = xstrdup(p->one->path);
-			diff_tree_setup_paths(opt->pathspec.raw, opt);
+			path[0] = p->one->path;
+			path[1] = NULL;
+			clear_pathspec(&opt->pathspec);
+			parse_pathspec(&opt->pathspec,
+				       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+				       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", path);
 
 			/*
 			 * The caller expects us to return a set of vanilla
@@ -268,56 +674,44 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 	q->nr = 1;
 }
 
-int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+static int ll_diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
+			     struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
-	void *tree1, *tree2;
-	struct tree_desc t1, t2;
-	unsigned long size1, size2;
-	int retval;
+	struct combine_diff_path phead, *p;
+	pathchange_fn_t pathchange_old = opt->pathchange;
 
-	tree1 = read_object_with_reference(old, tree_type, &size1, NULL);
-	if (!tree1)
-		die("unable to read source tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(old));
-	tree2 = read_object_with_reference(new, tree_type, &size2, NULL);
-	if (!tree2)
-		die("unable to read destination tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(new));
-	init_tree_desc(&t1, tree1, size1);
-	init_tree_desc(&t2, tree2, size2);
-	retval = diff_tree(&t1, &t2, base, opt);
-	if (!*base && DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && diff_might_be_rename()) {
-		init_tree_desc(&t1, tree1, size1);
-		init_tree_desc(&t2, tree2, size2);
-		try_to_follow_renames(&t1, &t2, base, opt);
+	phead.next = NULL;
+	opt->pathchange = emit_diff_first_parent_only;
+	diff_tree_paths(&phead, new, &old, 1, base, opt);
+
+	for (p = phead.next; p;) {
+		struct combine_diff_path *pprev = p;
+		p = p->next;
+		free(pprev);
 	}
-	free(tree1);
-	free(tree2);
-	return retval;
+
+	opt->pathchange = pathchange_old;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, const char *base_str, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
+	struct strbuf base;
 	int retval;
-	void *tree;
-	unsigned long size;
-	struct tree_desc empty, real;
-
-	tree = read_object_with_reference(new, tree_type, &size, NULL);
-	if (!tree)
-		die("unable to read root tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(new));
-	init_tree_desc(&real, tree, size);
-
-	init_tree_desc(&empty, "", 0);
-	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, base, opt);
-	free(tree);
-	return retval;
-}
 
-void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *opt)
-{
-	free_pathspec(&opt->pathspec);
+	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
+	strbuf_addstr(&base, base_str);
+
+	retval = ll_diff_tree_sha1(old, new, &base, opt);
+	if (!*base_str && DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && diff_might_be_rename())
+		try_to_follow_renames(old, new, &base, opt);
+
+	strbuf_release(&base);
+
+	return retval;
 }
 
-void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **p, struct diff_options *opt)
+int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
-	init_pathspec(&opt->pathspec, p);
+	return diff_tree_sha1(NULL, new, base, opt);
 }
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index f82dba6a1f..ce27842439 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "tree.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char *get_mode(const char *str, unsigned int *modep)
 {
@@ -36,8 +37,8 @@ static void decode_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *desc, const char *buf, unsigned
 
 	/* Initialize the descriptor entry */
 	desc->entry.path = path;
-	desc->entry.mode = mode;
-	desc->entry.sha1 = (const unsigned char *)(path + len);
+	desc->entry.mode = canon_mode(mode);
+	desc->entry.oid  = (const struct object_id *)(path + len);
 }
 
 void init_tree_desc(struct tree_desc *desc, const void *buffer, unsigned long size)
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ static void entry_extract(struct tree_desc *t, struct name_entry *a)
 void update_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *desc)
 {
 	const void *buf = desc->buffer;
-	const unsigned char *end = desc->entry.sha1 + 20;
+	const unsigned char *end = desc->entry.oid->hash + 20;
 	unsigned long size = desc->size;
 	unsigned long len = end - (const unsigned char *)buf;
 
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ void setup_traverse_info(struct traverse_info *info, const char *base)
 		pathlen--;
 	info->pathlen = pathlen ? pathlen + 1 : 0;
 	info->name.path = base;
-	info->name.sha1 = (void *)(base + pathlen + 1);
+	info->name.oid = (void *)(base + pathlen + 1);
 	if (pathlen)
 		info->prev = &dummy;
 }
@@ -143,16 +144,6 @@ struct tree_desc_x {
 	struct tree_desc_skip *skip;
 };
 
-static int name_compare(const char *a, int a_len,
-			const char *b, int b_len)
-{
-	int len = (a_len < b_len) ? a_len : b_len;
-	int cmp = memcmp(a, b, len);
-	if (cmp)
-		return cmp;
-	return (a_len - b_len);
-}
-
 static int check_entry_match(const char *a, int a_len, const char *b, int b_len)
 {
 	/*
@@ -323,13 +314,13 @@ static inline int prune_traversal(struct name_entry *e,
 
 int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
-	int ret = 0;
 	int error = 0;
 	struct name_entry *entry = xmalloc(n*sizeof(*entry));
 	int i;
 	struct tree_desc_x *tx = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*tx));
 	struct strbuf base = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int interesting = 1;
+	char *traverse_path;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 		tx[i].d = t[i];
@@ -339,8 +330,13 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 		make_traverse_path(base.buf, info->prev, &info->name);
 		base.buf[info->pathlen-1] = '/';
 		strbuf_setlen(&base, info->pathlen);
+		traverse_path = xstrndup(base.buf, info->pathlen);
+	} else {
+		traverse_path = xstrndup(info->name.path, info->pathlen);
 	}
+	info->traverse_path = traverse_path;
 	for (;;) {
+		int trees_used;
 		unsigned long mask, dirmask;
 		const char *first = NULL;
 		int first_len = 0;
@@ -404,15 +400,14 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 		if (interesting < 0)
 			break;
 		if (interesting) {
-			ret = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
-			if (ret < 0) {
-				error = ret;
+			trees_used = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
+			if (trees_used < 0) {
+				error = trees_used;
 				if (!info->show_all_errors)
 					break;
 			}
-			mask &= ret;
+			mask &= trees_used;
 		}
-		ret = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 			if (mask & (1ul << i))
 				update_extended_entry(tx + i, entry + i);
@@ -421,19 +416,27 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 		free_extended_entry(tx + i);
 	free(tx);
+	free(traverse_path);
+	info->traverse_path = NULL;
 	strbuf_release(&base);
 	return error;
 }
 
+struct dir_state {
+	void *tree;
+	unsigned long size;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+};
+
 static int find_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t, const char *name, unsigned char *result, unsigned *mode)
 {
 	int namelen = strlen(name);
 	while (t->size) {
 		const char *entry;
-		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		const struct object_id *oid;
 		int entrylen, cmp;
 
-		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(t, &entry, mode);
+		oid = tree_entry_extract(t, &entry, mode);
 		entrylen = tree_entry_len(&t->entry);
 		update_tree_entry(t);
 		if (entrylen > namelen)
@@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ static int find_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t, const char *name, unsigned char
 		if (cmp < 0)
 			break;
 		if (entrylen == namelen) {
-			hashcpy(result, sha1);
+			hashcpy(result, oid->hash);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		if (name[entrylen] != '/')
@@ -452,10 +455,10 @@ static int find_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t, const char *name, unsigned char
 		if (!S_ISDIR(*mode))
 			break;
 		if (++entrylen == namelen) {
-			hashcpy(result, sha1);
+			hashcpy(result, oid->hash);
 			return 0;
 		}
-		return get_tree_entry(sha1, name + entrylen, result, mode);
+		return get_tree_entry(oid->hash, name + entrylen, result, mode);
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -488,13 +491,225 @@ int get_tree_entry(const unsigned char *tree_sha1, const char *name, unsigned ch
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
+/*
+ * This is Linux's built-in max for the number of symlinks to follow.
+ * That limit, of course, does not affect git, but it's a reasonable
+ * choice.
+ */
+#define GET_TREE_ENTRY_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS_MAX_LINKS 40
+
+/**
+ * Find a tree entry by following symlinks in tree_sha (which is
+ * assumed to be the root of the repository).  In the event that a
+ * symlink points outside the repository (e.g. a link to /foo or a
+ * root-level link to ../foo), the portion of the link which is
+ * outside the repository will be returned in result_path, and *mode
+ * will be set to 0.  It is assumed that result_path is uninitialized.
+ * If there are no symlinks, or the end result of the symlink chain
+ * points to an object inside the repository, result will be filled in
+ * with the sha1 of the found object, and *mode will hold the mode of
+ * the object.
+ *
+ * See the code for enum follow_symlink_result for a description of
+ * the return values.
+ */
+enum follow_symlinks_result get_tree_entry_follow_symlinks(unsigned char *tree_sha1, const char *name, unsigned char *result, struct strbuf *result_path, unsigned *mode)
+{
+	int retval = MISSING_OBJECT;
+	struct dir_state *parents = NULL;
+	size_t parents_alloc = 0;
+	ssize_t parents_nr = 0;
+	unsigned char current_tree_sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf namebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct tree_desc t;
+	int follows_remaining = GET_TREE_ENTRY_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS_MAX_LINKS;
+	int i;
+
+	init_tree_desc(&t, NULL, 0UL);
+	strbuf_init(result_path, 0);
+	strbuf_addstr(&namebuf, name);
+	hashcpy(current_tree_sha1, tree_sha1);
+
+	while (1) {
+		int find_result;
+		char *first_slash;
+		char *remainder = NULL;
+
+		if (!t.buffer) {
+			void *tree;
+			unsigned char root[20];
+			unsigned long size;
+			tree = read_object_with_reference(current_tree_sha1,
+							  tree_type, &size,
+							  root);
+			if (!tree)
+				goto done;
+
+			ALLOC_GROW(parents, parents_nr + 1, parents_alloc);
+			parents[parents_nr].tree = tree;
+			parents[parents_nr].size = size;
+			hashcpy(parents[parents_nr].sha1, root);
+			parents_nr++;
+
+			if (namebuf.buf[0] == '\0') {
+				hashcpy(result, root);
+				retval = FOUND;
+				goto done;
+			}
+
+			if (!size)
+				goto done;
+
+			/* descend */
+			init_tree_desc(&t, tree, size);
+		}
+
+		/* Handle symlinks to e.g. a//b by removing leading slashes */
+		while (namebuf.buf[0] == '/') {
+			strbuf_remove(&namebuf, 0, 1);
+		}
+
+		/* Split namebuf into a first component and a remainder */
+		if ((first_slash = strchr(namebuf.buf, '/'))) {
+			*first_slash = 0;
+			remainder = first_slash + 1;
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(namebuf.buf, "..")) {
+			struct dir_state *parent;
+			/*
+			 * We could end up with .. in the namebuf if it
+			 * appears in a symlink.
+			 */
+
+			if (parents_nr == 1) {
+				if (remainder)
+					*first_slash = '/';
+				strbuf_add(result_path, namebuf.buf,
+					   namebuf.len);
+				*mode = 0;
+				retval = FOUND;
+				goto done;
+			}
+			parent = &parents[parents_nr - 1];
+			free(parent->tree);
+			parents_nr--;
+			parent = &parents[parents_nr - 1];
+			init_tree_desc(&t, parent->tree, parent->size);
+			strbuf_remove(&namebuf, 0, remainder ? 3 : 2);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* We could end up here via a symlink to dir/.. */
+		if (namebuf.buf[0] == '\0') {
+			hashcpy(result, parents[parents_nr - 1].sha1);
+			retval = FOUND;
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		/* Look up the first (or only) path component in the tree. */
+		find_result = find_tree_entry(&t, namebuf.buf,
+					      current_tree_sha1, mode);
+		if (find_result) {
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(*mode)) {
+			if (!remainder) {
+				hashcpy(result, current_tree_sha1);
+				retval = FOUND;
+				goto done;
+			}
+			/* Descend the tree */
+			t.buffer = NULL;
+			strbuf_remove(&namebuf, 0,
+				      1 + first_slash - namebuf.buf);
+		} else if (S_ISREG(*mode)) {
+			if (!remainder) {
+				hashcpy(result, current_tree_sha1);
+				retval = FOUND;
+			} else {
+				retval = NOT_DIR;
+			}
+			goto done;
+		} else if (S_ISLNK(*mode)) {
+			/* Follow a symlink */
+			unsigned long link_len;
+			size_t len;
+			char *contents, *contents_start;
+			struct dir_state *parent;
+			enum object_type type;
+
+			if (follows_remaining-- == 0) {
+				/* Too many symlinks followed */
+				retval = SYMLINK_LOOP;
+				goto done;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * At this point, we have followed at a least
+			 * one symlink, so on error we need to report this.
+			 */
+			retval = DANGLING_SYMLINK;
+
+			contents = read_sha1_file(current_tree_sha1, &type,
+						  &link_len);
+
+			if (!contents)
+				goto done;
+
+			if (contents[0] == '/') {
+				strbuf_addstr(result_path, contents);
+				free(contents);
+				*mode = 0;
+				retval = FOUND;
+				goto done;
+			}
+
+			if (remainder)
+				len = first_slash - namebuf.buf;
+			else
+				len = namebuf.len;
+
+			contents_start = contents;
+
+			parent = &parents[parents_nr - 1];
+			init_tree_desc(&t, parent->tree, parent->size);
+			strbuf_splice(&namebuf, 0, len,
+				      contents_start, link_len);
+			if (remainder)
+				namebuf.buf[link_len] = '/';
+			free(contents);
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	for (i = 0; i < parents_nr; i++)
+		free(parents[i].tree);
+	free(parents);
+
+	strbuf_release(&namebuf);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int match_entry(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		       const char *match, int matchlen,
-		       int *never_interesting)
+		       enum interesting *never_interesting)
 {
 	int m = -1; /* signals that we haven't called strncmp() */
 
-	if (*never_interesting) {
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		/*
+		 * "Never interesting" trick requires exact
+		 * matching. We could do something clever with inexact
+		 * matching, but it's trickier (and not to forget that
+		 * strcasecmp is locale-dependent, at least in
+		 * glibc). Just disable it for now. It can't be worse
+		 * than the wildcard's codepath of '[Tt][Hi][Is][Ss]'
+		 * pattern.
+		 */
+		*never_interesting = entry_not_interesting;
+	else if (*never_interesting != entry_not_interesting) {
 		/*
 		 * We have not seen any match that sorts later
 		 * than the current path.
@@ -522,7 +737,7 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		 * the variable to -1 and that is what will be
 		 * returned, allowing the caller to terminate early.
 		 */
-		*never_interesting = 0;
+		*never_interesting = entry_not_interesting;
 	}
 
 	if (pathlen > matchlen)
@@ -531,7 +746,7 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 	if (matchlen > pathlen) {
 		if (match[pathlen] != '/')
 			return 0;
-		if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode))
+		if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode) && !S_ISGITLINK(entry->mode))
 			return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -540,7 +755,7 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		 * we cheated and did not do strncmp(), so we do
 		 * that here.
 		 */
-		m = strncmp(match, entry->path, pathlen);
+		m = ps_strncmp(item, match, entry->path, pathlen);
 
 	/*
 	 * If common part matched earlier then it is a hit,
@@ -548,15 +763,39 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 	 * leading directory and is shorter than match.
 	 */
 	if (!m)
+		/*
+		 * match_entry does not check if the prefix part is
+		 * matched case-sensitively. If the entry is a
+		 * directory and part of prefix, it'll be rematched
+		 * eventually by basecmp with special treatment for
+		 * the prefix.
+		 */
 		return 1;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int match_dir_prefix(const char *base,
+/* :(icase)-aware string compare */
+static int basecmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		   const char *base, const char *match, int len)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE) {
+		int ret, n = len > item->prefix ? item->prefix : len;
+		ret = strncmp(base, match, n);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+		base += n;
+		match += n;
+		len -= n;
+	}
+	return ps_strncmp(item, base, match, len);
+}
+
+static int match_dir_prefix(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			    const char *base,
 			    const char *match, int matchlen)
 {
-	if (strncmp(base, match, matchlen))
+	if (basecmp(item, base, match, matchlen))
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
@@ -573,22 +812,81 @@ static int match_dir_prefix(const char *base,
 }
 
 /*
+ * Perform matching on the leading non-wildcard part of
+ * pathspec. item->nowildcard_len must be greater than zero. Return
+ * non-zero if base is matched.
+ */
+static int match_wildcard_base(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			       const char *base, int baselen,
+			       int *matched)
+{
+	const char *match = item->match;
+	/* the wildcard part is not considered in this function */
+	int matchlen = item->nowildcard_len;
+
+	if (baselen) {
+		int dirlen;
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is longer than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match.
+		 */
+		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
+			*matched = matchlen;
+			return !basecmp(item, base, match, matchlen);
+		}
+
+		dirlen = matchlen;
+		while (dirlen && match[dirlen - 1] != '/')
+			dirlen--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is shorter than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match. Note that
+		 * base ends with '/' so we are sure it really matches
+		 * directory
+		 */
+		if (basecmp(item, base, match, baselen))
+			return 0;
+		*matched = baselen;
+	} else
+		*matched = 0;
+	/*
+	 * we could have checked entry against the non-wildcard part
+	 * that is not in base and does similar never_interesting
+	 * optimization as in match_entry. For now just be happy with
+	 * base comparison.
+	 */
+	return entry_interesting;
+}
+
+/*
  * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
  *
  * Pre-condition: either baselen == base_offset (i.e. empty path)
  * or base[baselen-1] == '/' (i.e. with trailing slash).
  */
-enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
-					struct strbuf *base, int base_offset,
-					const struct pathspec *ps)
+static enum interesting do_match(const struct name_entry *entry,
+				 struct strbuf *base, int base_offset,
+				 const struct pathspec *ps,
+				 int exclude)
 {
 	int i;
 	int pathlen, baselen = base->len - base_offset;
-	int never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
+	enum interesting never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
 		entry_not_interesting : all_entries_not_interesting;
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+		       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
+
 	if (!ps->nr) {
-		if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+		if (!ps->recursive ||
+		    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+		    ps->max_depth == -1)
 			return all_entries_interesting;
 		return within_depth(base->buf + base_offset, baselen,
 				    !!S_ISDIR(entry->mode),
@@ -602,14 +900,20 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		const struct pathspec_item *item = ps->items+i;
 		const char *match = item->match;
 		const char *base_str = base->buf + base_offset;
-		int matchlen = item->len;
+		int matchlen = item->len, matched = 0;
+
+		if ((!exclude &&   item->magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE) ||
+		    ( exclude && !(item->magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)))
+			continue;
 
 		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
 			/* If it doesn't match, move along... */
-			if (!match_dir_prefix(base_str, match, matchlen))
+			if (!match_dir_prefix(item, base_str, match, matchlen))
 				goto match_wildcards;
 
-			if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+			if (!ps->recursive ||
+			    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+			    ps->max_depth == -1)
 				return all_entries_interesting;
 
 			return within_depth(base_str + matchlen + 1,
@@ -620,14 +924,15 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		}
 
 		/* Either there must be no base, or the base must match. */
-		if (baselen == 0 || !strncmp(base_str, match, baselen)) {
-			if (match_entry(entry, pathlen,
+		if (baselen == 0 || !basecmp(item, base_str, match, baselen)) {
+			if (match_entry(item, entry, pathlen,
 					match + baselen, matchlen - baselen,
 					&never_interesting))
 				return entry_interesting;
 
-			if (item->use_wildcard) {
-				if (!fnmatch(match + baselen, entry->path, 0))
+			if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len) {
+				if (!git_fnmatch(item, match + baselen, entry->path,
+						 item->nowildcard_len - baselen))
 					return entry_interesting;
 
 				/*
@@ -642,17 +947,33 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		}
 
 match_wildcards:
-		if (!item->use_wildcard)
+		if (item->nowildcard_len == item->len)
+			continue;
+
+		if (item->nowildcard_len &&
+		    !match_wildcard_base(item, base_str, baselen, &matched))
 			continue;
 
 		/*
 		 * Concatenate base and entry->path into one and do
 		 * fnmatch() on it.
+		 *
+		 * While we could avoid concatenation in certain cases
+		 * [1], which saves a memcpy and potentially a
+		 * realloc, it turns out not worth it. Measurement on
+		 * linux-2.6 does not show any clear improvements,
+		 * partly because of the nowildcard_len optimization
+		 * in git_fnmatch(). Avoid micro-optimizations here.
+		 *
+		 * [1] if match_wildcard_base() says the base
+		 * directory is already matched, we only need to match
+		 * the rest, which is shorter so _in theory_ faster.
 		 */
 
 		strbuf_add(base, entry->path, pathlen);
 
-		if (!fnmatch(match, base->buf + base_offset, 0)) {
+		if (!git_fnmatch(item, match, base->buf + base_offset,
+				 item->nowildcard_len)) {
 			strbuf_setlen(base, base_offset + baselen);
 			return entry_interesting;
 		}
@@ -661,9 +982,81 @@ match_wildcards:
 		/*
 		 * Match all directories. We'll try to match files
 		 * later on.
+		 * max_depth is ignored but we may consider support it
+		 * in future, see
+		 * http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/163757/focus=163840
 		 */
 		if (ps->recursive && S_ISDIR(entry->mode))
 			return entry_interesting;
 	}
 	return never_interesting; /* No matches */
 }
+
+/*
+ * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
+ *
+ * Pre-condition: either baselen == base_offset (i.e. empty path)
+ * or base[baselen-1] == '/' (i.e. with trailing slash).
+ */
+enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
+					struct strbuf *base, int base_offset,
+					const struct pathspec *ps)
+{
+	enum interesting positive, negative;
+	positive = do_match(entry, base, base_offset, ps, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * case | entry | positive | negative | result
+	 * -----+-------+----------+----------+-------
+	 *   1  |  file |   -1     |  -1..2   |  -1
+	 *   2  |  file |    0     |  -1..2   |   0
+	 *   3  |  file |    1     |   -1     |   1
+	 *   4  |  file |    1     |    0     |   1
+	 *   5  |  file |    1     |    1     |   0
+	 *   6  |  file |    1     |    2     |   0
+	 *   7  |  file |    2     |   -1     |   2
+	 *   8  |  file |    2     |    0     |   2
+	 *   9  |  file |    2     |    1     |   0
+	 *  10  |  file |    2     |    2     |  -1
+	 * -----+-------+----------+----------+-------
+	 *  11  |  dir  |   -1     |  -1..2   |  -1
+	 *  12  |  dir  |    0     |  -1..2   |   0
+	 *  13  |  dir  |    1     |   -1     |   1
+	 *  14  |  dir  |    1     |    0     |   1
+	 *  15  |  dir  |    1     |    1     |   1 (*)
+	 *  16  |  dir  |    1     |    2     |   0
+	 *  17  |  dir  |    2     |   -1     |   2
+	 *  18  |  dir  |    2     |    0     |   2
+	 *  19  |  dir  |    2     |    1     |   1 (*)
+	 *  20  |  dir  |    2     |    2     |  -1
+	 *
+	 * (*) An exclude pattern interested in a directory does not
+	 * necessarily mean it will exclude all of the directory. In
+	 * wildcard case, it can't decide until looking at individual
+	 * files inside. So don't write such directories off yet.
+	 */
+
+	if (!(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE) ||
+	    positive <= entry_not_interesting) /* #1, #2, #11, #12 */
+		return positive;
+
+	negative = do_match(entry, base, base_offset, ps, 1);
+
+	/* #3, #4, #7, #8, #13, #14, #17, #18 */
+	if (negative <= entry_not_interesting)
+		return positive;
+
+	/* #15, #19 */
+	if (S_ISDIR(entry->mode) &&
+	    positive >= entry_interesting &&
+	    negative == entry_interesting)
+		return entry_interesting;
+
+	if ((positive == entry_interesting &&
+	     negative >= entry_interesting) || /* #5, #6, #16 */
+	    (positive == all_entries_interesting &&
+	     negative == entry_interesting)) /* #9 */
+		return entry_not_interesting;
+
+	return all_entries_not_interesting; /* #10, #20 */
+}
diff --git a/tree-walk.h b/tree-walk.h
index 2bf0db9814..97a7d6957e 100644
--- a/tree-walk.h
+++ b/tree-walk.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define TREE_WALK_H
 
 struct name_entry {
-	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	const struct object_id *oid;
 	const char *path;
 	unsigned int mode;
 };
@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ struct tree_desc {
 	unsigned int size;
 };
 
-static inline const unsigned char *tree_entry_extract(struct tree_desc *desc, const char **pathp, unsigned int *modep)
+static inline const struct object_id *tree_entry_extract(struct tree_desc *desc, const char **pathp, unsigned int *modep)
 {
 	*pathp = desc->entry.path;
-	*modep = canon_mode(desc->entry.mode);
-	return desc->entry.sha1;
+	*modep = desc->entry.mode;
+	return desc->entry.oid;
 }
 
 static inline int tree_entry_len(const struct name_entry *ne)
 {
-	return (const char *)ne->sha1 - ne->path - 1;
+	return (const char *)ne->oid - ne->path - 1;
 }
 
 void update_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *);
@@ -40,13 +40,32 @@ struct traverse_info;
 typedef int (*traverse_callback_t)(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *entry, struct traverse_info *);
 int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info);
 
+enum follow_symlinks_result {
+	FOUND = 0, /* This includes out-of-tree links */
+	MISSING_OBJECT = -1, /* The initial symlink is missing */
+	DANGLING_SYMLINK = -2, /*
+				* The initial symlink is there, but
+				* (transitively) points to a missing
+				* in-tree file
+				*/
+	SYMLINK_LOOP = -3,
+	NOT_DIR = -4, /*
+		       * Somewhere along the symlink chain, a path is
+		       * requested which contains a file as a
+		       * non-final element.
+		       */
+};
+
+enum follow_symlinks_result get_tree_entry_follow_symlinks(unsigned char *tree_sha1, const char *name, unsigned char *result, struct strbuf *result_path, unsigned *mode);
+
 struct traverse_info {
+	const char *traverse_path;
 	struct traverse_info *prev;
 	struct name_entry name;
 	int pathlen;
 	struct pathspec *pathspec;
 
-	unsigned long conflicts;
+	unsigned long df_conflicts;
 	traverse_callback_t fn;
 	void *data;
 	int show_all_errors;
diff --git a/tree.c b/tree.c
index 676e9f710c..0089e52d9d 100644
--- a/tree.c
+++ b/tree.c
@@ -22,16 +22,20 @@ static int read_one_entry_opt(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int b
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(baselen + len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = baselen + len;
 	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
 	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len+1);
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	return add_cache_entry(ce, opt);
 }
 
-static int read_one_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+static int read_one_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
+			  const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage,
+			  void *context)
 {
-	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base, baselen, pathname, mode, stage,
+	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base->buf, base->len, pathname,
+				  mode, stage,
 				  ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK);
 }
 
@@ -39,14 +43,17 @@ static int read_one_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int basel
  * This is used when the caller knows there is no existing entries at
  * the stage that will conflict with the entry being added.
  */
-static int read_one_entry_quick(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+static int read_one_entry_quick(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
+				const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage,
+				void *context)
 {
-	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base, baselen, pathname, mode, stage,
+	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base->buf, base->len, pathname,
+				  mode, stage,
 				  ADD_CACHE_JUST_APPEND);
 }
 
 static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
-		       int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		       int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
 {
 	struct tree_desc desc;
@@ -69,7 +76,7 @@ static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
 				continue;
 		}
 
-		switch (fn(entry.sha1, base->buf, base->len,
+		switch (fn(entry.oid->hash, base,
 			   entry.path, entry.mode, stage, context)) {
 		case 0:
 			continue;
@@ -80,22 +87,22 @@ static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
 		}
 
 		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
-			hashcpy(sha1, entry.sha1);
+			hashcpy(sha1, entry.oid->hash);
 		else if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode)) {
 			struct commit *commit;
 
-			commit = lookup_commit(entry.sha1);
+			commit = lookup_commit(entry.oid->hash);
 			if (!commit)
 				die("Commit %s in submodule path %s%s not found",
-				    sha1_to_hex(entry.sha1),
+				    oid_to_hex(entry.oid),
 				    base->buf, entry.path);
 
 			if (parse_commit(commit))
 				die("Invalid commit %s in submodule path %s%s",
-				    sha1_to_hex(entry.sha1),
+				    oid_to_hex(entry.oid),
 				    base->buf, entry.path);
 
-			hashcpy(sha1, commit->tree->object.sha1);
+			hashcpy(sha1, commit->tree->object.oid.hash);
 		}
 		else
 			continue;
@@ -115,7 +122,7 @@ static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
 
 int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
 			const char *base, int baselen,
-			int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -133,8 +140,8 @@ static int cmp_cache_name_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 
 	ce1 = *((const struct cache_entry **)a_);
 	ce2 = *((const struct cache_entry **)b_);
-	return cache_name_compare(ce1->name, ce1->ce_flags,
-				  ce2->name, ce2->ce_flags);
+	return cache_name_stage_compare(ce1->name, ce1->ce_namelen, ce_stage(ce1),
+				  ce2->name, ce2->ce_namelen, ce_stage(ce2));
 }
 
 int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *match)
@@ -158,7 +165,7 @@ int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *match)
 	 * sort at the end.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; !fn && i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (ce_stage(ce) == stage)
 			fn = read_one_entry;
 	}
@@ -182,15 +189,8 @@ struct tree *lookup_tree(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_TREE, alloc_tree_node());
-	if (!obj->type)
-		obj->type = OBJ_TREE;
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_TREE) {
-		error("Object %s is a %s, not a tree",
-		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return (struct tree *) obj;
+		return create_object(sha1, alloc_tree_node());
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_TREE, 0);
 }
 
 int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int parse_tree(struct tree *item)
+int parse_tree_gently(struct tree *item, int quiet_on_missing)
 {
 	 enum object_type type;
 	 void *buffer;
@@ -212,18 +212,27 @@ int parse_tree(struct tree *item)
 
 	if (item->object.parsed)
 		return 0;
-	buffer = read_sha1_file(item->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(item->object.oid.hash, &type, &size);
 	if (!buffer)
-		return error("Could not read %s",
-			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+		return quiet_on_missing ? -1 :
+			error("Could not read %s",
+			     oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
 	if (type != OBJ_TREE) {
 		free(buffer);
 		return error("Object %s not a tree",
-			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+			     oid_to_hex(&item->object.oid));
 	}
 	return parse_tree_buffer(item, buffer, size);
 }
 
+void free_tree_buffer(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	tree->size = 0;
+	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+}
+
 struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = parse_object(sha1);
@@ -239,6 +248,6 @@ struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		else
 			return NULL;
 		if (!obj->parsed)
-			parse_object(obj->sha1);
+			parse_object(obj->oid.hash);
 	} while (1);
 }
diff --git a/tree.h b/tree.h
index 69bcb5e0ec..d24786cba2 100644
--- a/tree.h
+++ b/tree.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "object.h"
 
 extern const char *tree_type;
+struct strbuf;
 
 struct tree {
 	struct object object;
@@ -15,17 +16,22 @@ struct tree *lookup_tree(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
 int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
-int parse_tree(struct tree *tree);
+int parse_tree_gently(struct tree *tree, int quiet_on_missing);
+static inline int parse_tree(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	return parse_tree_gently(tree, 0);
+}
+void free_tree_buffer(struct tree *tree);
 
 /* Parses and returns the tree in the given ent, chasing tags and commits. */
 struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
 #define READ_TREE_RECURSIVE 1
-typedef int (*read_tree_fn_t)(const unsigned char *, const char *, int, const char *, unsigned int, int, void *);
+typedef int (*read_tree_fn_t)(const unsigned char *, struct strbuf *, const char *, unsigned int, int, void *);
 
 extern int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
 			       const char *base, int baselen,
-			       int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			       int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context);
 
 extern int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec);
diff --git a/unicode_width.h b/unicode_width.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47cdd2369d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unicode_width.h
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+static const struct interval zero_width[] = {
+{ 0x0300, 0x036F },
+{ 0x0483, 0x0489 },
+{ 0x0591, 0x05BD },
+{ 0x05BF, 0x05BF },
+{ 0x05C1, 0x05C2 },
+{ 0x05C4, 0x05C5 },
+{ 0x05C7, 0x05C7 },
+{ 0x0600, 0x0605 },
+{ 0x0610, 0x061A },
+{ 0x061C, 0x061C },
+{ 0x064B, 0x065F },
+{ 0x0670, 0x0670 },
+{ 0x06D6, 0x06DD },
+{ 0x06DF, 0x06E4 },
+{ 0x06E7, 0x06E8 },
+{ 0x06EA, 0x06ED },
+{ 0x070F, 0x070F },
+{ 0x0711, 0x0711 },
+{ 0x0730, 0x074A },
+{ 0x07A6, 0x07B0 },
+{ 0x07EB, 0x07F3 },
+{ 0x0816, 0x0819 },
+{ 0x081B, 0x0823 },
+{ 0x0825, 0x0827 },
+{ 0x0829, 0x082D },
+{ 0x0859, 0x085B },
+{ 0x08E4, 0x0902 },
+{ 0x093A, 0x093A },
+{ 0x093C, 0x093C },
+{ 0x0941, 0x0948 },
+{ 0x094D, 0x094D },
+{ 0x0951, 0x0957 },
+{ 0x0962, 0x0963 },
+{ 0x0981, 0x0981 },
+{ 0x09BC, 0x09BC },
+{ 0x09C1, 0x09C4 },
+{ 0x09CD, 0x09CD },
+{ 0x09E2, 0x09E3 },
+{ 0x0A01, 0x0A02 },
+{ 0x0A3C, 0x0A3C },
+{ 0x0A41, 0x0A42 },
+{ 0x0A47, 0x0A48 },
+{ 0x0A4B, 0x0A4D },
+{ 0x0A51, 0x0A51 },
+{ 0x0A70, 0x0A71 },
+{ 0x0A75, 0x0A75 },
+{ 0x0A81, 0x0A82 },
+{ 0x0ABC, 0x0ABC },
+{ 0x0AC1, 0x0AC5 },
+{ 0x0AC7, 0x0AC8 },
+{ 0x0ACD, 0x0ACD },
+{ 0x0AE2, 0x0AE3 },
+{ 0x0B01, 0x0B01 },
+{ 0x0B3C, 0x0B3C },
+{ 0x0B3F, 0x0B3F },
+{ 0x0B41, 0x0B44 },
+{ 0x0B4D, 0x0B4D },
+{ 0x0B56, 0x0B56 },
+{ 0x0B62, 0x0B63 },
+{ 0x0B82, 0x0B82 },
+{ 0x0BC0, 0x0BC0 },
+{ 0x0BCD, 0x0BCD },
+{ 0x0C00, 0x0C00 },
+{ 0x0C3E, 0x0C40 },
+{ 0x0C46, 0x0C48 },
+{ 0x0C4A, 0x0C4D },
+{ 0x0C55, 0x0C56 },
+{ 0x0C62, 0x0C63 },
+{ 0x0C81, 0x0C81 },
+{ 0x0CBC, 0x0CBC },
+{ 0x0CBF, 0x0CBF },
+{ 0x0CC6, 0x0CC6 },
+{ 0x0CCC, 0x0CCD },
+{ 0x0CE2, 0x0CE3 },
+{ 0x0D01, 0x0D01 },
+{ 0x0D41, 0x0D44 },
+{ 0x0D4D, 0x0D4D },
+{ 0x0D62, 0x0D63 },
+{ 0x0DCA, 0x0DCA },
+{ 0x0DD2, 0x0DD4 },
+{ 0x0DD6, 0x0DD6 },
+{ 0x0E31, 0x0E31 },
+{ 0x0E34, 0x0E3A },
+{ 0x0E47, 0x0E4E },
+{ 0x0EB1, 0x0EB1 },
+{ 0x0EB4, 0x0EB9 },
+{ 0x0EBB, 0x0EBC },
+{ 0x0EC8, 0x0ECD },
+{ 0x0F18, 0x0F19 },
+{ 0x0F35, 0x0F35 },
+{ 0x0F37, 0x0F37 },
+{ 0x0F39, 0x0F39 },
+{ 0x0F71, 0x0F7E },
+{ 0x0F80, 0x0F84 },
+{ 0x0F86, 0x0F87 },
+{ 0x0F8D, 0x0F97 },
+{ 0x0F99, 0x0FBC },
+{ 0x0FC6, 0x0FC6 },
+{ 0x102D, 0x1030 },
+{ 0x1032, 0x1037 },
+{ 0x1039, 0x103A },
+{ 0x103D, 0x103E },
+{ 0x1058, 0x1059 },
+{ 0x105E, 0x1060 },
+{ 0x1071, 0x1074 },
+{ 0x1082, 0x1082 },
+{ 0x1085, 0x1086 },
+{ 0x108D, 0x108D },
+{ 0x109D, 0x109D },
+{ 0x1160, 0x11FF },
+{ 0x135D, 0x135F },
+{ 0x1712, 0x1714 },
+{ 0x1732, 0x1734 },
+{ 0x1752, 0x1753 },
+{ 0x1772, 0x1773 },
+{ 0x17B4, 0x17B5 },
+{ 0x17B7, 0x17BD },
+{ 0x17C6, 0x17C6 },
+{ 0x17C9, 0x17D3 },
+{ 0x17DD, 0x17DD },
+{ 0x180B, 0x180E },
+{ 0x18A9, 0x18A9 },
+{ 0x1920, 0x1922 },
+{ 0x1927, 0x1928 },
+{ 0x1932, 0x1932 },
+{ 0x1939, 0x193B },
+{ 0x1A17, 0x1A18 },
+{ 0x1A1B, 0x1A1B },
+{ 0x1A56, 0x1A56 },
+{ 0x1A58, 0x1A5E },
+{ 0x1A60, 0x1A60 },
+{ 0x1A62, 0x1A62 },
+{ 0x1A65, 0x1A6C },
+{ 0x1A73, 0x1A7C },
+{ 0x1A7F, 0x1A7F },
+{ 0x1AB0, 0x1ABE },
+{ 0x1B00, 0x1B03 },
+{ 0x1B34, 0x1B34 },
+{ 0x1B36, 0x1B3A },
+{ 0x1B3C, 0x1B3C },
+{ 0x1B42, 0x1B42 },
+{ 0x1B6B, 0x1B73 },
+{ 0x1B80, 0x1B81 },
+{ 0x1BA2, 0x1BA5 },
+{ 0x1BA8, 0x1BA9 },
+{ 0x1BAB, 0x1BAD },
+{ 0x1BE6, 0x1BE6 },
+{ 0x1BE8, 0x1BE9 },
+{ 0x1BED, 0x1BED },
+{ 0x1BEF, 0x1BF1 },
+{ 0x1C2C, 0x1C33 },
+{ 0x1C36, 0x1C37 },
+{ 0x1CD0, 0x1CD2 },
+{ 0x1CD4, 0x1CE0 },
+{ 0x1CE2, 0x1CE8 },
+{ 0x1CED, 0x1CED },
+{ 0x1CF4, 0x1CF4 },
+{ 0x1CF8, 0x1CF9 },
+{ 0x1DC0, 0x1DF5 },
+{ 0x1DFC, 0x1DFF },
+{ 0x200B, 0x200F },
+{ 0x202A, 0x202E },
+{ 0x2060, 0x2064 },
+{ 0x2066, 0x206F },
+{ 0x20D0, 0x20F0 },
+{ 0x2CEF, 0x2CF1 },
+{ 0x2D7F, 0x2D7F },
+{ 0x2DE0, 0x2DFF },
+{ 0x302A, 0x302D },
+{ 0x3099, 0x309A },
+{ 0xA66F, 0xA672 },
+{ 0xA674, 0xA67D },
+{ 0xA69F, 0xA69F },
+{ 0xA6F0, 0xA6F1 },
+{ 0xA802, 0xA802 },
+{ 0xA806, 0xA806 },
+{ 0xA80B, 0xA80B },
+{ 0xA825, 0xA826 },
+{ 0xA8C4, 0xA8C4 },
+{ 0xA8E0, 0xA8F1 },
+{ 0xA926, 0xA92D },
+{ 0xA947, 0xA951 },
+{ 0xA980, 0xA982 },
+{ 0xA9B3, 0xA9B3 },
+{ 0xA9B6, 0xA9B9 },
+{ 0xA9BC, 0xA9BC },
+{ 0xA9E5, 0xA9E5 },
+{ 0xAA29, 0xAA2E },
+{ 0xAA31, 0xAA32 },
+{ 0xAA35, 0xAA36 },
+{ 0xAA43, 0xAA43 },
+{ 0xAA4C, 0xAA4C },
+{ 0xAA7C, 0xAA7C },
+{ 0xAAB0, 0xAAB0 },
+{ 0xAAB2, 0xAAB4 },
+{ 0xAAB7, 0xAAB8 },
+{ 0xAABE, 0xAABF },
+{ 0xAAC1, 0xAAC1 },
+{ 0xAAEC, 0xAAED },
+{ 0xAAF6, 0xAAF6 },
+{ 0xABE5, 0xABE5 },
+{ 0xABE8, 0xABE8 },
+{ 0xABED, 0xABED },
+{ 0xFB1E, 0xFB1E },
+{ 0xFE00, 0xFE0F },
+{ 0xFE20, 0xFE2D },
+{ 0xFEFF, 0xFEFF },
+{ 0xFFF9, 0xFFFB },
+{ 0x101FD, 0x101FD },
+{ 0x102E0, 0x102E0 },
+{ 0x10376, 0x1037A },
+{ 0x10A01, 0x10A03 },
+{ 0x10A05, 0x10A06 },
+{ 0x10A0C, 0x10A0F },
+{ 0x10A38, 0x10A3A },
+{ 0x10A3F, 0x10A3F },
+{ 0x10AE5, 0x10AE6 },
+{ 0x11001, 0x11001 },
+{ 0x11038, 0x11046 },
+{ 0x1107F, 0x11081 },
+{ 0x110B3, 0x110B6 },
+{ 0x110B9, 0x110BA },
+{ 0x110BD, 0x110BD },
+{ 0x11100, 0x11102 },
+{ 0x11127, 0x1112B },
+{ 0x1112D, 0x11134 },
+{ 0x11173, 0x11173 },
+{ 0x11180, 0x11181 },
+{ 0x111B6, 0x111BE },
+{ 0x1122F, 0x11231 },
+{ 0x11234, 0x11234 },
+{ 0x11236, 0x11237 },
+{ 0x112DF, 0x112DF },
+{ 0x112E3, 0x112EA },
+{ 0x11301, 0x11301 },
+{ 0x1133C, 0x1133C },
+{ 0x11340, 0x11340 },
+{ 0x11366, 0x1136C },
+{ 0x11370, 0x11374 },
+{ 0x114B3, 0x114B8 },
+{ 0x114BA, 0x114BA },
+{ 0x114BF, 0x114C0 },
+{ 0x114C2, 0x114C3 },
+{ 0x115B2, 0x115B5 },
+{ 0x115BC, 0x115BD },
+{ 0x115BF, 0x115C0 },
+{ 0x11633, 0x1163A },
+{ 0x1163D, 0x1163D },
+{ 0x1163F, 0x11640 },
+{ 0x116AB, 0x116AB },
+{ 0x116AD, 0x116AD },
+{ 0x116B0, 0x116B5 },
+{ 0x116B7, 0x116B7 },
+{ 0x16AF0, 0x16AF4 },
+{ 0x16B30, 0x16B36 },
+{ 0x16F8F, 0x16F92 },
+{ 0x1BC9D, 0x1BC9E },
+{ 0x1BCA0, 0x1BCA3 },
+{ 0x1D167, 0x1D169 },
+{ 0x1D173, 0x1D182 },
+{ 0x1D185, 0x1D18B },
+{ 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD },
+{ 0x1D242, 0x1D244 },
+{ 0x1E8D0, 0x1E8D6 },
+{ 0xE0001, 0xE0001 },
+{ 0xE0020, 0xE007F },
+{ 0xE0100, 0xE01EF }
+};
+static const struct interval double_width[] = {
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x1C },
+{ /* plane */ 0x1C, 0x21 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x21, 0x22 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x22, 0x23 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ 0x1100, 0x115F },
+{ 0x2329, 0x232A },
+{ 0x2E80, 0x2E99 },
+{ 0x2E9B, 0x2EF3 },
+{ 0x2F00, 0x2FD5 },
+{ 0x2FF0, 0x2FFB },
+{ 0x3000, 0x303E },
+{ 0x3041, 0x3096 },
+{ 0x3099, 0x30FF },
+{ 0x3105, 0x312D },
+{ 0x3131, 0x318E },
+{ 0x3190, 0x31BA },
+{ 0x31C0, 0x31E3 },
+{ 0x31F0, 0x321E },
+{ 0x3220, 0x3247 },
+{ 0x3250, 0x32FE },
+{ 0x3300, 0x4DBF },
+{ 0x4E00, 0xA48C },
+{ 0xA490, 0xA4C6 },
+{ 0xA960, 0xA97C },
+{ 0xAC00, 0xD7A3 },
+{ 0xF900, 0xFAFF },
+{ 0xFE10, 0xFE19 },
+{ 0xFE30, 0xFE52 },
+{ 0xFE54, 0xFE66 },
+{ 0xFE68, 0xFE6B },
+{ 0xFF01, 0xFF60 },
+{ 0xFFE0, 0xFFE6 },
+{ 0x1B000, 0x1B001 },
+{ 0x1F200, 0x1F202 },
+{ 0x1F210, 0x1F23A },
+{ 0x1F240, 0x1F248 },
+{ 0x1F250, 0x1F251 },
+{ 0x20000, 0x2FFFD },
+{ 0x30000, 0x3FFFD }
+};
diff --git a/unimplemented.sh b/unimplemented.sh
index 5252de4b25..fee21d24e8 100644
--- a/unimplemented.sh
+++ b/unimplemented.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-echo >&2 "fatal: git was built without support for `basename $0` (@@REASON@@)."
+echo >&2 "fatal: git was built without support for $(basename $0) (@@REASON@@)."
 exit 128
diff --git a/unix-socket.c b/unix-socket.c
index 84b15099f2..19ed48be99 100644
--- a/unix-socket.c
+++ b/unix-socket.c
@@ -9,48 +9,115 @@ static int unix_stream_socket(void)
 	return fd;
 }
 
-static void unix_sockaddr_init(struct sockaddr_un *sa, const char *path)
+static int chdir_len(const char *orig, int len)
+{
+	char *path = xmemdupz(orig, len);
+	int r = chdir(path);
+	free(path);
+	return r;
+}
+
+struct unix_sockaddr_context {
+	char *orig_dir;
+};
+
+static void unix_sockaddr_cleanup(struct unix_sockaddr_context *ctx)
+{
+	if (!ctx->orig_dir)
+		return;
+	/*
+	 * If we fail, we can't just return an error, since we have
+	 * moved the cwd of the whole process, which could confuse calling
+	 * code.  We are better off to just die.
+	 */
+	if (chdir(ctx->orig_dir) < 0)
+		die("unable to restore original working directory");
+	free(ctx->orig_dir);
+}
+
+static int unix_sockaddr_init(struct sockaddr_un *sa, const char *path,
+			      struct unix_sockaddr_context *ctx)
 {
 	int size = strlen(path) + 1;
-	if (size > sizeof(sa->sun_path))
-		die("socket path is too long to fit in sockaddr");
+
+	ctx->orig_dir = NULL;
+	if (size > sizeof(sa->sun_path)) {
+		const char *slash = find_last_dir_sep(path);
+		const char *dir;
+		struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (!slash) {
+			errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		dir = path;
+		path = slash + 1;
+		size = strlen(path) + 1;
+		if (size > sizeof(sa->sun_path)) {
+			errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (strbuf_getcwd(&cwd))
+			return -1;
+		ctx->orig_dir = strbuf_detach(&cwd, NULL);
+		if (chdir_len(dir, slash - dir) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
 	memset(sa, 0, sizeof(*sa));
 	sa->sun_family = AF_UNIX;
 	memcpy(sa->sun_path, path, size);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int unix_stream_connect(const char *path)
 {
-	int fd;
+	int fd, saved_errno;
 	struct sockaddr_un sa;
+	struct unix_sockaddr_context ctx;
 
-	unix_sockaddr_init(&sa, path);
-	fd = unix_stream_socket();
-	if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0) {
-		close(fd);
+	if (unix_sockaddr_init(&sa, path, &ctx) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	}
+	fd = unix_stream_socket();
+	if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+	unix_sockaddr_cleanup(&ctx);
 	return fd;
+
+fail:
+	saved_errno = errno;
+	unix_sockaddr_cleanup(&ctx);
+	close(fd);
+	errno = saved_errno;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 int unix_stream_listen(const char *path)
 {
-	int fd;
+	int fd, saved_errno;
 	struct sockaddr_un sa;
-
-	unix_sockaddr_init(&sa, path);
-	fd = unix_stream_socket();
+	struct unix_sockaddr_context ctx;
 
 	unlink(path);
-	if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0) {
-		close(fd);
-		return -1;
-	}
 
-	if (listen(fd, 5) < 0) {
-		close(fd);
+	if (unix_sockaddr_init(&sa, path, &ctx) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	}
+	fd = unix_stream_socket();
 
+	if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	if (listen(fd, 5) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	unix_sockaddr_cleanup(&ctx);
 	return fd;
+
+fail:
+	saved_errno = errno;
+	unix_sockaddr_cleanup(&ctx);
+	close(fd);
+	errno = saved_errno;
+	return -1;
 }
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index 7c9ecf665d..6bc9512a45 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "attr.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 /*
  * Error messages expected by scripts out of plumbing commands such as
@@ -56,45 +58,74 @@ void setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(struct unpack_trees_options *opts,
 	int i;
 	const char **msgs = opts->msgs;
 	const char *msg;
-	char *tmp;
-	const char *cmd2 = strcmp(cmd, "checkout") ? cmd : "switch branches";
-	if (advice_commit_before_merge)
-		msg = "Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s"
-			"Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can %s.";
+
+	if (!strcmp(cmd, "checkout"))
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n%%s"
+			  "Please commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches.")
+		      : _("Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n%%s");
+	else if (!strcmp(cmd, "merge"))
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n%%s"
+			  "Please commit your changes or stash them before you can merge.")
+		      : _("Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:\n%%s");
 	else
-		msg = "Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s";
-	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen(cmd2) - 2);
-	sprintf(tmp, msg, cmd, cmd2);
-	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE] = tmp;
-	msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] = tmp;
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s"
+			  "Please commit your changes or stash them before you can %s.")
+		      : _("Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s");
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE] = msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] =
+		xstrfmt(msg, cmd, cmd);
 
 	msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_DIR] =
-		"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n%s";
-
-	if (advice_commit_before_merge)
-		msg = "The following untracked working tree files would be %s by %s:\n%%s"
-			"Please move or remove them before you can %s.";
+		_("Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n%s");
+
+	if (!strcmp(cmd, "checkout"))
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n%%s"
+			  "Please move or remove them before you can switch branches.")
+		      : _("The following untracked working tree files would be removed by checkout:\n%%s");
+	else if (!strcmp(cmd, "merge"))
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n%%s"
+			  "Please move or remove them before you can merge.")
+		      : _("The following untracked working tree files would be removed by merge:\n%%s");
 	else
-		msg = "The following untracked working tree files would be %s by %s:\n%%s";
-	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen("removed") + strlen(cmd2) - 4);
-	sprintf(tmp, msg, "removed", cmd, cmd2);
-	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED] = tmp;
-	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen("overwritten") + strlen(cmd2) - 4);
-	sprintf(tmp, msg, "overwritten", cmd, cmd2);
-	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN] = tmp;
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n%%s"
+			  "Please move or remove them before you can %s.")
+		      : _("The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n%%s");
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED] = xstrfmt(msg, cmd, cmd);
+
+	if (!strcmp(cmd, "checkout"))
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:\n%%s"
+			  "Please move or remove them before you can switch branches.")
+		      : _("The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:\n%%s");
+	else if (!strcmp(cmd, "merge"))
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n%%s"
+			  "Please move or remove them before you can merge.")
+		      : _("The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:\n%%s");
+	else
+		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
+		      ? _("The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s"
+			  "Please move or remove them before you can %s.")
+		      : _("The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s");
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN] = xstrfmt(msg, cmd, cmd);
 
 	/*
 	 * Special case: ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP refers to a pair of paths, we
 	 * cannot easily display it as a list.
 	 */
-	msgs[ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP] = "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind.";
+	msgs[ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP] = _("Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind.");
 
 	msgs[ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] =
-		"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n%s";
+		_("Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n%s");
 	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_OVERWRITTEN] =
-		"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout update:\n%s";
+		_("The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout update:\n%s");
 	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_REMOVED] =
-		"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout update:\n%s";
+		_("The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout update:\n%s");
 
 	opts->show_all_errors = 1;
 	/* rejected paths may not have a static buffer */
@@ -102,21 +133,33 @@ void setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(struct unpack_trees_options *opts,
 		opts->unpack_rejects[i].strdup_strings = 1;
 }
 
-static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
-	unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+static int do_add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
 {
-	unsigned int size = ce_size(ce);
-	struct cache_entry *new = xmalloc(size);
-
-	clear |= CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED;
+	clear |= CE_HASHED;
 
 	if (set & CE_REMOVE)
 		set |= CE_WT_REMOVE;
 
+	ce->ce_flags = (ce->ce_flags & ~clear) | set;
+	return add_index_entry(&o->result, ce,
+			       ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+}
+
+static struct cache_entry *dup_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	unsigned int size = ce_size(ce);
+	struct cache_entry *new = xmalloc(size);
+
 	memcpy(new, ce, size);
-	new->next = NULL;
-	new->ce_flags = (new->ce_flags & ~clear) | set;
-	add_index_entry(&o->result, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+		      const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		      unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+{
+	do_add_entry(o, dup_entry(ce), set, clear);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -159,14 +202,14 @@ static void display_error_msgs(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 		string_list_clear(rejects, 0);
 	}
 	if (something_displayed)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Aborting\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Aborting\n"));
 }
 
 /*
  * Unlink the last component and schedule the leading directories for
  * removal, such that empty directories get removed.
  */
-static void unlink_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void unlink_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	if (!check_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
 		return;
@@ -186,12 +229,12 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 
 	if (o->update && o->verbose_update) {
 		for (total = cnt = 0; cnt < index->cache_nr; cnt++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
 			if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_UPDATE | CE_WT_REMOVE))
 				total++;
 		}
 
-		progress = start_progress_delay("Checking out files",
+		progress = start_progress_delay(_("Checking out files"),
 						total, 50, 1);
 		cnt = 0;
 	}
@@ -199,7 +242,7 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (o->update)
 		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_CHECKOUT, &o->result);
 	for (i = 0; i < index->cache_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_WT_REMOVE) {
 			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
@@ -215,6 +258,9 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE) {
+			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_WT_REMOVE)
+				die("BUG: both update and delete flags are set on %s",
+				    ce->name);
 			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
 			ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UPDATE;
 			if (o->update && !o->dry_run) {
@@ -228,10 +274,15 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	return errs != 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_absent_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types,
+				struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
-static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct index_state *istate,
+				 struct cache_entry *ce,
+				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int was_skip_worktree = ce_skip_worktree(ce);
 
@@ -239,6 +290,10 @@ static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_opt
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 	else
 		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+	if (was_skip_worktree != ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+		istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * if (!was_skip_worktree && !ce_skip_worktree()) {
@@ -275,6 +330,7 @@ static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_opt
 		if (!(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE) && verify_uptodate_sparse(ce, o))
 			return -1;
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_WT_REMOVE;
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UPDATE;
 	}
 	if (was_skip_worktree && !ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
 		if (verify_absent_sparse(ce, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
@@ -284,7 +340,8 @@ static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_opt
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int call_unpack_fn(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static inline int call_unpack_fn(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int ret = o->fn(src, o);
 	if (ret > 0)
@@ -313,7 +370,7 @@ static void mark_all_ce_unused(struct index_state *index)
 		index->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~(CE_UNPACKED | CE_ADDED | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
-static int locate_in_src_index(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int locate_in_src_index(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
@@ -359,7 +416,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *next_cache_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void add_same_unmerged(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static void add_same_unmerged(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
@@ -381,7 +438,7 @@ static void add_same_unmerged(struct cache_entry *ce,
 static int unpack_index_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
+	const struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
 	int ret;
 
 	src[0] = ce;
@@ -447,12 +504,12 @@ static int traverse_trees_recursive(int n, unsigned long dirmask,
 	newinfo.pathspec = info->pathspec;
 	newinfo.name = *p;
 	newinfo.pathlen += tree_entry_len(p) + 1;
-	newinfo.conflicts |= df_conflicts;
+	newinfo.df_conflicts |= df_conflicts;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++, dirmask >>= 1) {
 		const unsigned char *sha1 = NULL;
 		if (dirmask & 1)
-			sha1 = names[i].sha1;
+			sha1 = names[i].oid->hash;
 		buf[i] = fill_tree_descriptor(t+i, sha1);
 	}
 
@@ -475,13 +532,14 @@ static int traverse_trees_recursive(int n, unsigned long dirmask,
  * itself - the caller needs to do the final check for the cache
  * entry having more data at the end!
  */
-static int do_compare_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+static int do_compare_entry_piecewise(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
 {
 	int len, pathlen, ce_len;
 	const char *ce_name;
 
 	if (info->prev) {
-		int cmp = do_compare_entry(ce, info->prev, &info->name);
+		int cmp = do_compare_entry_piecewise(ce, info->prev,
+						     &info->name);
 		if (cmp)
 			return cmp;
 	}
@@ -499,6 +557,39 @@ static int do_compare_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct traverse_
 	return df_name_compare(ce_name, ce_len, S_IFREG, n->path, len, n->mode);
 }
 
+static int do_compare_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			    const struct traverse_info *info,
+			    const struct name_entry *n)
+{
+	int len, pathlen, ce_len;
+	const char *ce_name;
+	int cmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have not precomputed the traverse path, it is quicker
+	 * to avoid doing so.  But if we have precomputed it,
+	 * it is quicker to use the precomputed version.
+	 */
+	if (!info->traverse_path)
+		return do_compare_entry_piecewise(ce, info, n);
+
+	cmp = strncmp(ce->name, info->traverse_path, info->pathlen);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	pathlen = info->pathlen;
+	ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+	if (ce_len < pathlen)
+		return -1;
+
+	ce_len -= pathlen;
+	ce_name = ce->name + pathlen;
+
+	len = tree_entry_len(n);
+	return df_name_compare(ce_name, ce_len, S_IFREG, n->path, len, n->mode);
+}
+
 static int compare_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
 {
 	int cmp = do_compare_entry(ce, info, n);
@@ -532,8 +623,9 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_ce_entry(const struct traverse_info *info, con
 	struct cache_entry *ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
 
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(n->mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
-	hashcpy(ce->sha1, n->sha1);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, n->oid->hash);
 	make_traverse_path(ce->name, info, n);
 
 	return ce;
@@ -547,17 +639,12 @@ static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
 {
 	int i;
 	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
-	unsigned long conflicts;
+	unsigned long conflicts = info->df_conflicts | dirmask;
 
 	/* Do we have *only* directories? Nothing to do */
 	if (mask == dirmask && !src[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	conflicts = info->conflicts;
-	if (o->merge)
-		conflicts >>= 1;
-	conflicts |= dirmask;
-
 	/*
 	 * Ok, we've filled in up to any potential index entry in src[0],
 	 * now do the rest.
@@ -582,12 +669,22 @@ static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
 		src[i + o->merge] = create_ce_entry(info, names + i, stage);
 	}
 
-	if (o->merge)
-		return call_unpack_fn(src, o);
+	if (o->merge) {
+		int rc = call_unpack_fn((const struct cache_entry * const *)src,
+					o);
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = src[i + o->merge];
+			if (ce != o->df_conflict_entry)
+				free(ce);
+		}
+		return rc;
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 		if (src[i] && src[i] != o->df_conflict_entry)
-			add_entry(o, src[i], 0, 0);
+			if (do_add_entry(o, src[i], 0, 0))
+				return -1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -602,17 +699,6 @@ static int unpack_failed(struct unpack_trees_options *o, const char *message)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-/* NEEDSWORK: give this a better name and share with tree-walk.c */
-static int name_compare(const char *a, int a_len,
-			const char *b, int b_len)
-{
-	int len = (a_len < b_len) ? a_len : b_len;
-	int cmp = memcmp(a, b, len);
-	if (cmp)
-		return cmp;
-	return (a_len - b_len);
-}
-
 /*
  * The tree traversal is looking at name p.  If we have a matching entry,
  * return it.  If name p is a directory in the index, do not return
@@ -629,7 +715,7 @@ static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *info,
 	int p_len = tree_entry_len(p);
 
 	for (pos = o->cache_bottom; pos < index->cache_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
 		const char *ce_name, *ce_slash;
 		int cmp, ce_len;
 
@@ -643,8 +729,19 @@ static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *info,
 				++o->cache_bottom;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!ce_in_traverse_path(ce, info))
+		if (!ce_in_traverse_path(ce, info)) {
+			/*
+			 * Check if we can skip future cache checks
+			 * (because we're already past all possible
+			 * entries in the traverse path).
+			 */
+			if (info->traverse_path) {
+				if (strncmp(ce->name, info->traverse_path,
+					    info->pathlen) > 0)
+					break;
+			}
 			continue;
+		}
 		ce_name = ce->name + pfxlen;
 		ce_slash = strchr(ce_name, '/');
 		if (ce_slash)
@@ -772,7 +869,7 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 	if (unpack_nondirectories(n, mask, dirmask, src, names, info) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (src[0]) {
+	if (o->merge && src[0]) {
 		if (ce_stage(src[0]))
 			mark_ce_used_same_name(src[0], o);
 		else
@@ -781,13 +878,6 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 
 	/* Now handle any directories.. */
 	if (dirmask) {
-		unsigned long conflicts = mask & ~dirmask;
-		if (o->merge) {
-			conflicts <<= 1;
-			if (src[0])
-				conflicts |= 1;
-		}
-
 		/* special case: "diff-index --cached" looking at a tree */
 		if (o->diff_index_cached &&
 		    n == 1 && dirmask == 1 && S_ISDIR(names->mode)) {
@@ -806,7 +896,7 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, conflicts,
+		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, mask & ~dirmask,
 					     names, info) < 0)
 			return -1;
 		return mask;
@@ -816,22 +906,24 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 }
 
 static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
-			    char *prefix, int prefix_len,
+			    struct strbuf *prefix,
 			    int select_mask, int clear_mask,
 			    struct exclude_list *el, int defval);
 
 /* Whole directory matching */
 static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
-			      char *prefix, int prefix_len,
+			      struct strbuf *prefix,
 			      char *basename,
 			      int select_mask, int clear_mask,
 			      struct exclude_list *el, int defval)
 {
 	struct cache_entry **cache_end;
 	int dtype = DT_DIR;
-	int ret = excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len, basename, &dtype, el);
+	int ret = is_excluded_from_list(prefix->buf, prefix->len,
+					basename, &dtype, el);
+	int rc;
 
-	prefix[prefix_len++] = '/';
+	strbuf_addch(prefix, '/');
 
 	/* If undecided, use matching result of parent dir in defval */
 	if (ret < 0)
@@ -839,7 +931,7 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 
 	for (cache_end = cache; cache_end != cache + nr; cache_end++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = *cache_end;
-		if (strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefix_len))
+		if (strncmp(ce->name, prefix->buf, prefix->len))
 			break;
 	}
 
@@ -848,12 +940,14 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 	 * with ret (iow, we know in advance the incl/excl
 	 * decision for the entire directory), clear flag here without
 	 * calling clear_ce_flags_1(). That function will call
-	 * the expensive excluded_from_list() on every entry.
+	 * the expensive is_excluded_from_list() on every entry.
 	 */
-	return clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
-				prefix, prefix_len,
-				select_mask, clear_mask,
-				el, ret);
+	rc = clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
+			      prefix,
+			      select_mask, clear_mask,
+			      el, ret);
+	strbuf_setlen(prefix, prefix->len - 1);
+	return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -872,7 +966,7 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
  * Top level path has prefix_len zero.
  */
 static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
-			    char *prefix, int prefix_len,
+			    struct strbuf *prefix,
 			    int select_mask, int clear_mask,
 			    struct exclude_list *el, int defval)
 {
@@ -892,10 +986,10 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (prefix_len && strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefix_len))
+		if (prefix->len && strncmp(ce->name, prefix->buf, prefix->len))
 			break;
 
-		name = ce->name + prefix_len;
+		name = ce->name + prefix->len;
 		slash = strchr(name, '/');
 
 		/* If it's a directory, try whole directory match first */
@@ -903,35 +997,33 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 			int processed;
 
 			len = slash - name;
-			memcpy(prefix + prefix_len, name, len);
+			strbuf_add(prefix, name, len);
 
-			/*
-			 * terminate the string (no trailing slash),
-			 * clear_c_f_dir needs it
-			 */
-			prefix[prefix_len + len] = '\0';
 			processed = clear_ce_flags_dir(cache, cache_end - cache,
-						       prefix, prefix_len + len,
-						       prefix + prefix_len,
+						       prefix,
+						       prefix->buf + prefix->len - len,
 						       select_mask, clear_mask,
 						       el, defval);
 
 			/* clear_c_f_dir eats a whole dir already? */
 			if (processed) {
 				cache += processed;
+				strbuf_setlen(prefix, prefix->len - len);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			prefix[prefix_len + len++] = '/';
+			strbuf_addch(prefix, '/');
 			cache += clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
-						  prefix, prefix_len + len,
+						  prefix,
 						  select_mask, clear_mask, el, defval);
+			strbuf_setlen(prefix, prefix->len - len - 1);
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		/* Non-directory */
 		dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-		ret = excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), name, &dtype, el);
+		ret = is_excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+					    name, &dtype, el);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			ret = defval;
 		if (ret > 0)
@@ -945,9 +1037,12 @@ static int clear_ce_flags(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 			    int select_mask, int clear_mask,
 			    struct exclude_list *el)
 {
-	char prefix[PATH_MAX];
+	static struct strbuf prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&prefix);
+
 	return clear_ce_flags_1(cache, nr,
-				prefix, 0,
+				&prefix,
 				select_mask, clear_mask,
 				el, 0);
 }
@@ -985,7 +1080,9 @@ static void mark_new_skip_worktree(struct exclude_list *el,
 		       select_flag, skip_wt_flag, el);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *);
+static int verify_absent(const struct cache_entry *,
+			 enum unpack_trees_error_types,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *);
 /*
  * N-way merge "len" trees.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure to manipulate the
  * resulting index, -2 on failure to reflect the changes to the work tree.
@@ -1005,21 +1102,29 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 	state.force = 1;
 	state.quiet = 1;
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
+	state.istate = &o->result;
 
 	memset(&el, 0, sizeof(el));
 	if (!core_apply_sparse_checkout || !o->update)
 		o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout) {
-		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, NULL, &el, 0) < 0)
+		char *sparse = git_pathdup("info/sparse-checkout");
+		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(sparse, "", 0, &el, 0) < 0)
 			o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 		else
 			o->el = &el;
+		free(sparse);
 	}
 
 	memset(&o->result, 0, sizeof(o->result));
 	o->result.initialized = 1;
 	o->result.timestamp.sec = o->src_index->timestamp.sec;
 	o->result.timestamp.nsec = o->src_index->timestamp.nsec;
+	o->result.version = o->src_index->version;
+	o->result.split_index = o->src_index->split_index;
+	if (o->result.split_index)
+		o->result.split_index->refcount++;
+	hashcpy(o->result.sha1, o->src_index->sha1);
 	o->merge_size = len;
 	mark_all_ce_unused(o->src_index);
 
@@ -1110,7 +1215,7 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 				ret = -1;
 			}
 
-			if (apply_sparse_checkout(ce, o)) {
+			if (apply_sparse_checkout(&o->result, ce, o)) {
 				if (!o->show_all_errors)
 					goto return_failed;
 				ret = -1;
@@ -1135,11 +1240,23 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 
 	o->src_index = NULL;
 	ret = check_updates(o) ? (-2) : 0;
-	if (o->dst_index)
+	if (o->dst_index) {
+		if (!ret) {
+			if (!o->result.cache_tree)
+				o->result.cache_tree = cache_tree();
+			if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(o->result.cache_tree))
+				cache_tree_update(&o->result,
+						  WRITE_TREE_SILENT |
+						  WRITE_TREE_REPAIR);
+		}
+		discard_index(o->dst_index);
 		*o->dst_index = o->result;
+	} else {
+		discard_index(&o->result);
+	}
 
 done:
-	free_excludes(&el);
+	clear_exclude_list(&el);
 	return ret;
 
 return_failed:
@@ -1154,12 +1271,14 @@ return_failed:
 
 /* Here come the merge functions */
 
-static int reject_merge(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int reject_merge(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	return add_rejected_path(o, ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE, ce->name);
+	return o->gently ? -1 :
+		add_rejected_path(o, ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE, ce->name);
 }
 
-static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+static int same(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b)
 {
 	if (!!a != !!b)
 		return 0;
@@ -1176,9 +1295,9 @@ static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
  * When a CE gets turned into an unmerged entry, we
  * want it to be up-to-date
  */
-static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				   struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-				   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
+static int verify_uptodate_1(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+			     enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 
@@ -1202,7 +1321,7 @@ static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 			return 0;
 		/*
 		 * NEEDSWORK: the current default policy is to allow
-		 * submodule to be out of sync wrt the supermodule
+		 * submodule to be out of sync wrt the superproject
 		 * index.  This needs to be tightened later for
 		 * submodules that are marked to be automatically
 		 * checked out.
@@ -1217,7 +1336,7 @@ static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 		add_rejected_path(o, error_type, ce->name);
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_uptodate(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && (ce->ce_flags & CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE))
@@ -1225,16 +1344,19 @@ static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
-static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static void invalidate_ce_path(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	if (ce)
-		cache_tree_invalidate_path(o->src_index->cache_tree, ce->name);
+	if (!ce)
+		return;
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(o->src_index, ce->name);
+	untracked_cache_invalidate_path(o->src_index, ce->name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1244,16 +1366,16 @@ static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_optio
  * Currently, git does not checkout subprojects during a superproject
  * checkout, so it is not going to overwrite anything.
  */
-static int verify_clean_submodule(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_clean_submodule(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_clean_subdirectory(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				     enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				     struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/*
 	 * we are about to extract "ce->name"; we would not want to lose
@@ -1280,7 +1402,7 @@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	 * First let's make sure we do not have a local modification
 	 * in that directory.
 	 */
-	namelen = strlen(ce->name);
+	namelen = ce_namelen(ce);
 	for (i = locate_in_src_index(ce, o);
 	     i < o->src_index->cache_nr;
 	     i++) {
@@ -1307,9 +1429,7 @@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	 * Then we need to make sure that we do not lose a locally
 	 * present file that is not ignored.
 	 */
-	pathbuf = xmalloc(namelen + 2);
-	memcpy(pathbuf, ce->name, namelen);
-	strcpy(pathbuf+namelen, "/");
+	pathbuf = xstrfmt("%.*s/", namelen, ce->name);
 
 	memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
 	if (o->dir)
@@ -1332,18 +1452,18 @@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
  */
 static int icase_exists(struct unpack_trees_options *o, const char *name, int len, struct stat *st)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *src;
+	const struct cache_entry *src;
 
-	src = index_name_exists(o->src_index, name, len, 1);
+	src = index_file_exists(o->src_index, name, len, 1);
 	return src && !ie_match_stat(o->src_index, src, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
 static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
-			      struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+			      const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
 			      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *result;
+	const struct cache_entry *result;
 
 	/*
 	 * It may be that the 'lstat()' succeeded even though
@@ -1355,7 +1475,8 @@ static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
 	if (ignore_case && icase_exists(o, name, len, st))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (o->dir && excluded(o->dir, name, &dtype))
+	if (o->dir &&
+	    is_excluded(o->dir, name, &dtype))
 		/*
 		 * ce->name is explicitly excluded, so it is Ok to
 		 * overwrite it.
@@ -1379,7 +1500,7 @@ static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
 	 * delete this path, which is in a subdirectory that
 	 * is being replaced with a blob.
 	 */
-	result = index_name_exists(&o->result, name, len, 0);
+	result = index_file_exists(&o->result, name, len, 0);
 	if (result) {
 		if (result->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
 			return 0;
@@ -1393,9 +1514,9 @@ static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
  * We do not want to remove or overwrite a working tree file that
  * is not tracked, unless it is ignored.
  */
-static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_absent_1(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int len;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -1407,19 +1528,20 @@ static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	if (!len)
 		return 0;
 	else if (len > 0) {
-		char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
-		memcpy(path, ce->name, len);
-		path[len] = 0;
-		if (lstat(path, &st))
-			return error("cannot stat '%s': %s", path,
-					strerror(errno));
+		char *path;
+		int ret;
 
-		return check_ok_to_remove(path, len, DT_UNKNOWN, NULL, &st,
-				error_type, o);
+		path = xmemdupz(ce->name, len);
+		if (lstat(path, &st))
+			ret = error_errno("cannot stat '%s'", path);
+		else
+			ret = check_ok_to_remove(path, len, DT_UNKNOWN, NULL,
+						 &st, error_type, o);
+		free(path);
+		return ret;
 	} else if (lstat(ce->name, &st)) {
 		if (errno != ENOENT)
-			return error("cannot stat '%s': %s", ce->name,
-				     strerror(errno));
+			return error_errno("cannot stat '%s'", ce->name);
 		return 0;
 	} else {
 		return check_ok_to_remove(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
@@ -1428,7 +1550,7 @@ static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	}
 }
 
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_absent(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
@@ -1437,9 +1559,9 @@ static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, error_type, o);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
-			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_absent_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	enum unpack_trees_error_types orphaned_error = error_type;
 	if (orphaned_error == ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN)
@@ -1448,10 +1570,12 @@ static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, orphaned_error, o);
 }
 
-static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int merged_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			const struct cache_entry *old,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int update = CE_UPDATE;
+	struct cache_entry *merge = dup_entry(ce);
 
 	if (!old) {
 		/*
@@ -1469,8 +1593,11 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 		update |= CE_ADDED;
 		merge->ce_flags |= CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 
-		if (verify_absent(merge, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
+		if (verify_absent(merge,
+				  ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o)) {
+			free(merge);
 			return -1;
+		}
 		invalidate_ce_path(merge, o);
 	} else if (!(old->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED)) {
 		/*
@@ -1484,8 +1611,10 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 			copy_cache_entry(merge, old);
 			update = 0;
 		} else {
-			if (verify_uptodate(old, o))
+			if (verify_uptodate(old, o)) {
+				free(merge);
 				return -1;
+			}
 			/* Migrate old flags over */
 			update |= old->ce_flags & (CE_SKIP_WORKTREE | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 			invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
@@ -1498,12 +1627,13 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 		invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
 	}
 
-	add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
+	do_add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int deleted_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 const struct cache_entry *old,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/* Did it exist in the index? */
 	if (!old) {
@@ -1518,7 +1648,8 @@ static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int keep_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int keep_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	add_entry(o, ce, 0, 0);
 	return 1;
@@ -1540,11 +1671,12 @@ static void show_stage_entry(FILE *o,
 }
 #endif
 
-int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int threeway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *index;
-	struct cache_entry *head;
-	struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
+	const struct cache_entry *index;
+	const struct cache_entry *head;
+	const struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
 	int count;
 	int head_match = 0;
 	int remote_match = 0;
@@ -1599,7 +1731,7 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	/* #14, #14ALT, #2ALT */
 	if (remote && !df_conflict_head && head_match && !remote_match) {
 		if (index && !same(index, remote) && !same(index, head))
-			return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(index, o);
+			return reject_merge(index, o);
 		return merged_entry(remote, index, o);
 	}
 	/*
@@ -1607,7 +1739,7 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	 * make sure that it matches head.
 	 */
 	if (index && !same(index, head))
-		return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(index, o);
+		return reject_merge(index, o);
 
 	if (head) {
 		/* #5ALT, #15 */
@@ -1629,7 +1761,7 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (o->aggressive) {
 		int head_deleted = !head;
 		int remote_deleted = !remote;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
 
 		if (index)
 			ce = index;
@@ -1712,11 +1844,12 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
  * "carry forward" rule, please see <Documentation/git-read-tree.txt>.
  *
  */
-int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int twoway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
-	struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
+	const struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 2)
 		return error("Cannot do a twoway merge of %d trees",
@@ -1728,35 +1861,32 @@ int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 		newtree = NULL;
 
 	if (current) {
-		if ((!oldtree && !newtree) || /* 4 and 5 */
-		    (!oldtree && newtree &&
-		     same(current, newtree)) || /* 6 and 7 */
-		    (oldtree && newtree &&
-		     same(oldtree, newtree)) || /* 14 and 15 */
-		    (oldtree && newtree &&
-		     !same(oldtree, newtree) && /* 18 and 19 */
-		     same(current, newtree))) {
+		if (current->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED) {
+			if (same(oldtree, newtree) || o->reset) {
+				if (!newtree)
+					return deleted_entry(current, current, o);
+				else
+					return merged_entry(newtree, current, o);
+			}
+			return reject_merge(current, o);
+		} else if ((!oldtree && !newtree) || /* 4 and 5 */
+			 (!oldtree && newtree &&
+			  same(current, newtree)) || /* 6 and 7 */
+			 (oldtree && newtree &&
+			  same(oldtree, newtree)) || /* 14 and 15 */
+			 (oldtree && newtree &&
+			  !same(oldtree, newtree) && /* 18 and 19 */
+			  same(current, newtree))) {
 			return keep_entry(current, o);
-		}
-		else if (oldtree && !newtree && same(current, oldtree)) {
+		} else if (oldtree && !newtree && same(current, oldtree)) {
 			/* 10 or 11 */
 			return deleted_entry(oldtree, current, o);
-		}
-		else if (oldtree && newtree &&
+		} else if (oldtree && newtree &&
 			 same(current, oldtree) && !same(current, newtree)) {
 			/* 20 or 21 */
 			return merged_entry(newtree, current, o);
-		}
-		else {
-			/* all other failures */
-			if (oldtree)
-				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(oldtree, o);
-			if (current)
-				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(current, o);
-			if (newtree)
-				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(newtree, o);
-			return -1;
-		}
+		} else
+			return reject_merge(current, o);
 	}
 	else if (newtree) {
 		if (oldtree && !o->initial_checkout) {
@@ -1778,14 +1908,14 @@ int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
  * Keep the index entries at stage0, collapse stage1 but make sure
  * stage0 does not have anything there.
  */
-int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int bind_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+	       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 1)
-		return error("Cannot do a bind merge of %d trees\n",
+		return error("Cannot do a bind merge of %d trees",
 			     o->merge_size);
 	if (a && old)
 		return o->gently ? -1 :
@@ -1802,10 +1932,11 @@ int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
  * The rule is:
  * - take the stat information from stage0, take the data from stage1
  */
-int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int oneway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 1)
 		return error("Cannot do a oneway merge of %d trees",
@@ -1816,7 +1947,7 @@ int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 
 	if (old && same(old, a)) {
 		int update = 0;
-		if (o->reset && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
+		if (o->reset && o->update && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
 			struct stat st;
 			if (lstat(old->name, &st) ||
 			    ie_match_stat(o->src_index, old, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE))
diff --git a/unpack-trees.h b/unpack-trees.h
index 5e432f576e..36a73a6d00 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.h
+++ b/unpack-trees.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 struct unpack_trees_options;
 struct exclude_list;
 
-typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(struct cache_entry **src,
+typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
 enum unpack_trees_error_types {
@@ -77,9 +77,13 @@ struct unpack_trees_options {
 extern int unpack_trees(unsigned n, struct tree_desc *t,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
-int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int threeway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		   struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int twoway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int bind_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+	       struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int oneway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/update_unicode.sh b/update_unicode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..27af77c7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/update_unicode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/
+#
+#Me Enclosing_Mark  an enclosing combining mark
+#Mn Nonspacing_Mark a nonspacing combining mark (zero advance width)
+#Cf Format          a format control character
+#
+UNICODEWIDTH_H=../unicode_width.h
+if ! test -d unicode; then
+	mkdir unicode
+fi &&
+( cd unicode &&
+	if ! test -f UnicodeData.txt; then
+		wget http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/UnicodeData.txt
+	fi &&
+	if ! test -f EastAsianWidth.txt; then
+		wget http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/EastAsianWidth.txt
+	fi &&
+	if ! test -d uniset; then
+		git clone https://github.com/depp/uniset.git
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd uniset &&
+		if ! test -x uniset; then
+			autoreconf -i &&
+			./configure --enable-warnings=-Werror CFLAGS='-O0 -ggdb'
+		fi &&
+		make
+	) &&
+	UNICODE_DIR=. && export UNICODE_DIR &&
+	cat >$UNICODEWIDTH_H <<-EOF
+	static const struct interval zero_width[] = {
+		$(uniset/uniset --32 cat:Me,Mn,Cf + U+1160..U+11FF - U+00AD |
+		  grep -v plane)
+	};
+	static const struct interval double_width[] = {
+		$(uniset/uniset --32 eaw:F,W)
+	};
+	EOF
+)
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index 6f36f6255c..f93787003a 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -10,11 +10,18 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
 
-static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=<n>] <dir>";
+static const char * const upload_pack_usage[] = {
+	N_("git upload-pack [<options>] <dir>"),
+	NULL
+};
 
-/* bits #0..7 in revision.h, #8..10 in commit.c */
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define THEY_HAVE	(1u << 11)
 #define OUR_REF		(1u << 12)
 #define WANTED		(1u << 13)
@@ -24,180 +31,126 @@ static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=<
 #define SHALLOW		(1u << 16)
 #define NOT_SHALLOW	(1u << 17)
 #define CLIENT_SHALLOW	(1u << 18)
+#define HIDDEN_REF	(1u << 19)
 
 static unsigned long oldest_have;
 
-static int multi_ack, nr_our_refs;
+static int multi_ack;
 static int no_done;
 static int use_thin_pack, use_ofs_delta, use_include_tag;
 static int no_progress, daemon_mode;
+/* Allow specifying sha1 if it is a ref tip. */
+#define ALLOW_TIP_SHA1	01
+/* Allow request of a sha1 if it is reachable from a ref (possibly hidden ref). */
+#define ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1	02
+static unsigned int allow_unadvertised_object_request;
 static int shallow_nr;
 static struct object_array have_obj;
 static struct object_array want_obj;
 static struct object_array extra_edge_obj;
 static unsigned int timeout;
+static int keepalive = 5;
 /* 0 for no sideband,
  * otherwise maximum packet size (up to 65520 bytes).
  */
 static int use_sideband;
-static int debug_fd;
 static int advertise_refs;
 static int stateless_rpc;
+static const char *pack_objects_hook;
 
 static void reset_timeout(void)
 {
 	alarm(timeout);
 }
 
-static int strip(char *line, int len)
+static void send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
 {
-	if (len && line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	return len;
-}
-
-static ssize_t send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
-{
-	if (use_sideband)
-		return send_sideband(1, fd, data, sz, use_sideband);
+	if (use_sideband) {
+		send_sideband(1, fd, data, sz, use_sideband);
+		return;
+	}
 	if (fd == 3)
 		/* emergency quit */
 		fd = 2;
 	if (fd == 2) {
 		/* XXX: are we happy to lose stuff here? */
 		xwrite(fd, data, sz);
-		return sz;
+		return;
 	}
-	return safe_write(fd, data, sz);
-}
-
-static FILE *pack_pipe = NULL;
-static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
-{
-	if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
-		fputc('-', pack_pipe);
-	if (fputs(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), pack_pipe) < 0)
-		die("broken output pipe");
-	fputc('\n', pack_pipe);
-	fflush(pack_pipe);
-	free(commit->buffer);
-	commit->buffer = NULL;
-}
-
-static void show_object(struct object *obj,
-			const struct name_path *path, const char *component,
-			void *cb_data)
-{
-	show_object_with_name(pack_pipe, obj, path, component);
+	write_or_die(fd, data, sz);
 }
 
-static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
+static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
 {
-	fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-}
-
-static int do_rev_list(int in, int out, void *user_data)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct rev_info revs;
-
-	pack_pipe = xfdopen(out, "w");
-	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	revs.tag_objects = 1;
-	revs.tree_objects = 1;
-	revs.blob_objects = 1;
-	if (use_thin_pack)
-		revs.edge_hint = 1;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		/* why??? */
-		o->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = have_obj.objects[i].item;
-		o->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
-	}
-	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &revs, NULL);
-	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
-		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
-	if (use_thin_pack)
-		for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
-			fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(
-					extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
-	fflush(pack_pipe);
-	fclose(pack_pipe);
+	FILE *fp = cb_data;
+	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
+		fprintf(fp, "--shallow %s\n", oid_to_hex(&graft->oid));
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void create_pack_file(void)
 {
-	struct async rev_list;
-	struct child_process pack_objects;
-	int create_full_pack = (nr_our_refs == want_obj.nr && !have_obj.nr);
+	struct child_process pack_objects = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	char data[8193], progress[128];
 	char abort_msg[] = "aborting due to possible repository "
 		"corruption on the remote side.";
 	int buffered = -1;
 	ssize_t sz;
-	const char *argv[10];
-	int arg = 0;
-
-	argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
-	if (!shallow_nr) {
-		argv[arg++] = "--revs";
-		if (create_full_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--all";
-		else if (use_thin_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--thin";
+	int i;
+	FILE *pipe_fd;
+
+	if (!pack_objects_hook)
+		pack_objects.git_cmd = 1;
+	else {
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, pack_objects_hook);
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "git");
+		pack_objects.use_shell = 1;
 	}
 
-	argv[arg++] = "--stdout";
+	if (shallow_nr) {
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--shallow-file");
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "");
+	}
+	argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "pack-objects");
+	argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--revs");
+	if (use_thin_pack)
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--thin");
+
+	argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--stdout");
+	if (shallow_nr)
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--shallow");
 	if (!no_progress)
-		argv[arg++] = "--progress";
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--progress");
 	if (use_ofs_delta)
-		argv[arg++] = "--delta-base-offset";
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--delta-base-offset");
 	if (use_include_tag)
-		argv[arg++] = "--include-tag";
-	argv[arg++] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--include-tag");
 
-	memset(&pack_objects, 0, sizeof(pack_objects));
 	pack_objects.in = -1;
 	pack_objects.out = -1;
 	pack_objects.err = -1;
-	pack_objects.git_cmd = 1;
-	pack_objects.argv = argv;
 
 	if (start_command(&pack_objects))
 		die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-pack-objects");
 
-	if (shallow_nr) {
-		memset(&rev_list, 0, sizeof(rev_list));
-		rev_list.proc = do_rev_list;
-		rev_list.out = pack_objects.in;
-		if (start_async(&rev_list))
-			die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-rev-list");
-	}
-	else {
-		FILE *pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
-		if (!create_full_pack) {
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-			fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
-			for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-		}
-
-		fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
-		fflush(pipe_fd);
-		fclose(pipe_fd);
-	}
-
+	pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
+
+	if (shallow_nr)
+		for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, pipe_fd);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			oid_to_hex(&want_obj.objects[i].item->oid));
+	fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			oid_to_hex(&have_obj.objects[i].item->oid));
+	for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			oid_to_hex(&extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->oid));
+	fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
+	fflush(pipe_fd);
+	fclose(pipe_fd);
 
 	/* We read from pack_objects.err to capture stderr output for
 	 * progress bar, and pack_objects.out to capture the pack data.
@@ -206,6 +159,7 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 	while (1) {
 		struct pollfd pfd[2];
 		int pe, pu, pollsize;
+		int ret;
 
 		reset_timeout();
 
@@ -228,10 +182,12 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 		if (!pollsize)
 			break;
 
-		if (poll(pfd, pollsize, -1) < 0) {
+		ret = poll(pfd, pollsize,
+			keepalive < 0 ? -1 : 1000 * keepalive);
+
+		if (ret < 0) {
 			if (errno != EINTR) {
-				error("poll failed, resuming: %s",
-				      strerror(errno));
+				error_errno("poll failed, resuming");
 				sleep(1);
 			}
 			continue;
@@ -286,9 +242,22 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 			}
 			else
 				buffered = -1;
-			sz = send_client_data(1, data, sz);
-			if (sz < 0)
-				goto fail;
+			send_client_data(1, data, sz);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We hit the keepalive timeout without saying anything; send
+		 * an empty message on the data sideband just to let the other
+		 * side know we're still working on it, but don't have any data
+		 * yet.
+		 *
+		 * If we don't have a sideband channel, there's no room in the
+		 * protocol to say anything, so those clients are just out of
+		 * luck.
+		 */
+		if (!ret && use_sideband) {
+			static const char buf[] = "0005\1";
+			write_or_die(1, buf, 5);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -296,15 +265,11 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 		error("git upload-pack: git-pack-objects died with error.");
 		goto fail;
 	}
-	if (shallow_nr && finish_async(&rev_list))
-		goto fail;	/* error was already reported */
 
 	/* flush the data */
 	if (0 <= buffered) {
 		data[0] = buffered;
-		sz = send_client_data(1, data, 1);
-		if (sz < 0)
-			goto fail;
+		send_client_data(1, data, 1);
 		fprintf(stderr, "flushed.\n");
 	}
 	if (use_sideband)
@@ -326,9 +291,7 @@ static int got_sha1(char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!has_sha1_file(sha1))
 		return -1;
 
-	o = lookup_object(sha1);
-	if (!(o && o->parsed))
-		o = parse_object(sha1);
+	o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		die("oops (%s)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -358,17 +321,15 @@ static int reachable(struct commit *want)
 
 	commit_list_insert_by_date(want, &work);
 	while (work) {
-		struct commit_list *list = work->next;
-		struct commit *commit = work->item;
-		free(work);
-		work = list;
+		struct commit_list *list;
+		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&work);
 
 		if (commit->object.flags & THEY_HAVE) {
 			want->object.flags |= COMMON_KNOWN;
 			break;
 		}
 		if (!commit->object.parsed)
-			parse_object(commit->object.sha1);
+			parse_object(commit->object.oid.hash);
 		if (commit->object.flags & REACHABLE)
 			continue;
 		commit->object.flags |= REACHABLE;
@@ -416,7 +377,6 @@ static int ok_to_give_up(void)
 
 static int get_common_commits(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char last_hex[41];
 	int got_common = 0;
@@ -426,10 +386,10 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
 
-		if (!len) {
+		if (!line) {
 			if (multi_ack == 2 && got_common
 			    && !got_other && ok_to_give_up()) {
 				sent_ready = 1;
@@ -448,8 +408,7 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 			got_other = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
-		strip(line, len);
-		if (!prefixcmp(line, "have ")) {
+		if (starts_with(line, "have ")) {
 			switch (got_sha1(line+5, sha1)) {
 			case -1: /* they have what we do not */
 				got_other = 1;
@@ -488,18 +447,29 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static int is_our_ref(struct object *o)
+{
+	int allow_hidden_ref = (allow_unadvertised_object_request &
+			(ALLOW_TIP_SHA1 | ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1));
+	return o->flags & ((allow_hidden_ref ? HIDDEN_REF : 0) | OUR_REF);
+}
+
 static void check_non_tip(void)
 {
 	static const char *argv[] = {
 		"rev-list", "--stdin", NULL,
 	};
-	static struct child_process cmd;
+	static struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct object *o;
 	char namebuf[42]; /* ^ + SHA-1 + LF */
 	int i;
 
-	/* In the normal in-process case non-tip request can never happen */
-	if (!stateless_rpc)
+	/*
+	 * In the normal in-process case without
+	 * uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant,
+	 * non-tip requests can never happen.
+	 */
+	if (!stateless_rpc && !(allow_unadvertised_object_request & ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1))
 		goto error;
 
 	cmd.argv = argv;
@@ -524,18 +494,18 @@ static void check_non_tip(void)
 		o = get_indexed_object(--i);
 		if (!o)
 			continue;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
-		memcpy(namebuf + 1, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
+		memcpy(namebuf + 1, oid_to_hex(&o->oid), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 42) < 0)
 			goto error;
 	}
 	namebuf[40] = '\n';
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (o->flags & OUR_REF)
+		if (is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
-		memcpy(namebuf, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
+		memcpy(namebuf, oid_to_hex(&o->oid), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 41) < 0)
 			goto error;
 	}
@@ -567,87 +537,88 @@ error:
 	/* Pick one of them (we know there at least is one) */
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
-			    sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
+			    oid_to_hex(&o->oid));
 	}
 }
 
 static void receive_needs(void)
 {
 	struct object_array shallows = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len, depth = 0;
+	int depth = 0;
 	int has_non_tip = 0;
 
 	shallow_nr = 0;
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#S\n");
 	for (;;) {
 		struct object *o;
+		const char *features;
 		unsigned char sha1_buf[20];
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
-		if (!len)
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (debug_fd)
-			write_in_full(debug_fd, line, len);
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
+		if (starts_with(line, "shallow ")) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			struct object *object;
-			if (get_sha1(line + 8, sha1))
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
 				die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
 			object = parse_object(sha1);
 			if (!object)
-				die("did not find object for %s", line);
-			object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
-			add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+				continue;
+			if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+				die("invalid shallow object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			if (!(object->flags & CLIENT_SHALLOW)) {
+				object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
+				add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(line, "deepen ")) {
+		if (starts_with(line, "deepen ")) {
 			char *end;
 			depth = strtol(line + 7, &end, 0);
 			if (end == line + 7 || depth <= 0)
 				die("Invalid deepen: %s", line);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (prefixcmp(line, "want ") ||
+		if (!starts_with(line, "want ") ||
 		    get_sha1_hex(line+5, sha1_buf))
 			die("git upload-pack: protocol error, "
 			    "expected to get sha, not '%s'", line);
-		if (strstr(line+45, "multi_ack_detailed"))
+
+		features = line + 45;
+
+		if (parse_feature_request(features, "multi_ack_detailed"))
 			multi_ack = 2;
-		else if (strstr(line+45, "multi_ack"))
+		else if (parse_feature_request(features, "multi_ack"))
 			multi_ack = 1;
-		if (strstr(line+45, "no-done"))
+		if (parse_feature_request(features, "no-done"))
 			no_done = 1;
-		if (strstr(line+45, "thin-pack"))
+		if (parse_feature_request(features, "thin-pack"))
 			use_thin_pack = 1;
-		if (strstr(line+45, "ofs-delta"))
+		if (parse_feature_request(features, "ofs-delta"))
 			use_ofs_delta = 1;
-		if (strstr(line+45, "side-band-64k"))
+		if (parse_feature_request(features, "side-band-64k"))
 			use_sideband = LARGE_PACKET_MAX;
-		else if (strstr(line+45, "side-band"))
+		else if (parse_feature_request(features, "side-band"))
 			use_sideband = DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX;
-		if (strstr(line+45, "no-progress"))
+		if (parse_feature_request(features, "no-progress"))
 			no_progress = 1;
-		if (strstr(line+45, "include-tag"))
+		if (parse_feature_request(features, "include-tag"))
 			use_include_tag = 1;
 
-		o = lookup_object(sha1_buf);
+		o = parse_object(sha1_buf);
 		if (!o)
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(sha1_buf));
 		if (!(o->flags & WANTED)) {
 			o->flags |= WANTED;
-			if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+			if (!is_our_ref(o))
 				has_non_tip = 1;
 			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
 		}
 	}
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#E\n");
 
 	/*
 	 * We have sent all our refs already, and the other end
@@ -665,16 +636,23 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 	if (depth == 0 && shallows.nr == 0)
 		return;
 	if (depth > 0) {
-		struct commit_list *result, *backup;
+		struct commit_list *result = NULL, *backup = NULL;
 		int i;
-		backup = result = get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
-			SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
+		if (depth == INFINITE_DEPTH && !is_repository_shallow())
+			for (i = 0; i < shallows.nr; i++) {
+				struct object *object = shallows.objects[i].item;
+				object->flags |= NOT_SHALLOW;
+			}
+		else
+			backup = result =
+				get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
+						    SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
 		while (result) {
 			struct object *object = &result->item->object;
 			if (!(object->flags & (CLIENT_SHALLOW|NOT_SHALLOW))) {
 				packet_write(1, "shallow %s",
-						sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
-				register_shallow(object->sha1);
+						oid_to_hex(&object->oid));
+				register_shallow(object->oid.hash);
 				shallow_nr++;
 			}
 			result = result->next;
@@ -685,13 +663,12 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 			if (object->flags & NOT_SHALLOW) {
 				struct commit_list *parents;
 				packet_write(1, "unshallow %s",
-					sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+					oid_to_hex(&object->oid));
 				object->flags &= ~CLIENT_SHALLOW;
 				/* make sure the real parents are parsed */
-				unregister_shallow(object->sha1);
+				unregister_shallow(object->oid.hash);
 				object->parsed = 0;
-				if (parse_commit((struct commit *)object))
-					die("invalid commit");
+				parse_commit_or_die((struct commit *)object);
 				parents = ((struct commit *)object)->parents;
 				while (parents) {
 					add_object_array(&parents->item->object,
@@ -701,73 +678,123 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 				add_object_array(object, NULL, &extra_edge_obj);
 			}
 			/* make sure commit traversal conforms to client */
-			register_shallow(object->sha1);
+			register_shallow(object->oid.hash);
 		}
 		packet_flush(1);
 	} else
 		if (shallows.nr > 0) {
 			int i;
 			for (i = 0; i < shallows.nr; i++)
-				register_shallow(shallows.objects[i].item->sha1);
+				register_shallow(shallows.objects[i].item->oid.hash);
 		}
 
 	shallow_nr += shallows.nr;
 	free(shallows.objects);
 }
 
-static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+/* return non-zero if the ref is hidden, otherwise 0 */
+static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const char *refname_full,
+			const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(oid->hash);
+
+	if (ref_is_hidden(refname, refname_full)) {
+		o->flags |= HIDDEN_REF;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	o->flags |= OUR_REF;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_ref(const char *refname_full, const struct object_id *oid,
+		     int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	const char *refname = strip_namespace(refname_full);
+
+	mark_our_ref(refname, refname_full, oid);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void format_symref_info(struct strbuf *buf, struct string_list *symref)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!symref->nr)
+		return;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, symref)
+		strbuf_addf(buf, " symref=%s:%s", item->string, (char *)item->util);
+}
+
+static int send_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+		    int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	static const char *capabilities = "multi_ack thin-pack side-band"
 		" side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress"
 		" include-tag multi_ack_detailed";
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	const char *refname_nons = strip_namespace(refname);
+	struct object_id peeled;
 
-	if (!o)
-		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (mark_our_ref(refname_nons, refname, oid))
+		return 0;
 
-	if (capabilities)
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons,
+	if (capabilities) {
+		struct strbuf symref_info = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		format_symref_info(&symref_info, cb_data);
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s%s%s%s agent=%s\n",
+			     oid_to_hex(oid), refname_nons,
 			     0, capabilities,
-			     stateless_rpc ? " no-done" : "");
-	else
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons);
-	capabilities = NULL;
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
-	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag(o, refname, 0);
-		if (o)
-			packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), refname_nons);
+			     (allow_unadvertised_object_request & ALLOW_TIP_SHA1) ?
+				     " allow-tip-sha1-in-want" : "",
+			     (allow_unadvertised_object_request & ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1) ?
+				     " allow-reachable-sha1-in-want" : "",
+			     stateless_rpc ? " no-done" : "",
+			     symref_info.buf,
+			     git_user_agent_sanitized());
+		strbuf_release(&symref_info);
+	} else {
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", oid_to_hex(oid), refname_nons);
 	}
+	capabilities = NULL;
+	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled.hash))
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", oid_to_hex(&peeled), refname_nons);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int find_symref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+		       int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!o)
-		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
+	const char *symref_target;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct object_id unused;
+
+	if ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) == 0)
+		return 0;
+	symref_target = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, 0, unused.hash, &flag);
+	if (!symref_target || (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) == 0)
+		die("'%s' is a symref but it is not?", refname);
+	item = string_list_append(cb_data, refname);
+	item->util = xstrdup(symref_target);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void upload_pack(void)
 {
+	struct string_list symref = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	head_ref_namespaced(find_symref, &symref);
+
 	if (advertise_refs || !stateless_rpc) {
 		reset_timeout();
-		head_ref_namespaced(send_ref, NULL);
-		for_each_namespaced_ref(send_ref, NULL);
+		head_ref_namespaced(send_ref, &symref);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(send_ref, &symref);
+		advertise_shallow_grafts(1);
 		packet_flush(1);
 	} else {
-		head_ref_namespaced(mark_our_ref, NULL);
-		for_each_namespaced_ref(mark_our_ref, NULL);
+		head_ref_namespaced(check_ref, NULL);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(check_ref, NULL);
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&symref, 1);
 	if (advertise_refs)
 		return;
 
@@ -778,59 +805,67 @@ static void upload_pack(void)
 	}
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
+static int upload_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
 {
-	char *dir;
-	int i;
+	if (!strcmp("uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant", var)) {
+		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
+			allow_unadvertised_object_request |= ALLOW_TIP_SHA1;
+		else
+			allow_unadvertised_object_request &= ~ALLOW_TIP_SHA1;
+	} else if (!strcmp("uploadpack.allowreachablesha1inwant", var)) {
+		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
+			allow_unadvertised_object_request |= ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1;
+		else
+			allow_unadvertised_object_request &= ~ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1;
+	} else if (!strcmp("uploadpack.keepalive", var)) {
+		keepalive = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (!keepalive)
+			keepalive = -1;
+	} else if (current_config_scope() != CONFIG_SCOPE_REPO) {
+		if (!strcmp("uploadpack.packobjectshook", var))
+			return git_config_string(&pack_objects_hook, var, value);
+	}
+	return parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "uploadpack");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *dir;
 	int strict = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stateless-rpc", &stateless_rpc,
+			 N_("quit after a single request/response exchange")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "advertise-refs", &advertise_refs,
+			 N_("exit immediately after intial ref advertisement")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "strict", &strict,
+			 N_("do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no Git directory")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "timeout", &timeout,
+			    N_("interrupt transfer after <n> seconds of inactivity")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
 
 	git_setup_gettext();
 
 	packet_trace_identity("upload-pack");
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		char *arg = argv[i];
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, upload_pack_usage, 0);
 
-		if (arg[0] != '-')
-			break;
-		if (!strcmp(arg, "--advertise-refs")) {
-			advertise_refs = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp(arg, "--stateless-rpc")) {
-			stateless_rpc = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
-			strict = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--timeout=")) {
-			timeout = atoi(arg+10);
-			daemon_mode = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
-			i++;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage_with_options(upload_pack_usage, options);
 
-	if (i != argc-1)
-		usage(upload_pack_usage);
+	if (timeout)
+		daemon_mode = 1;
 
 	setup_path();
 
-	dir = argv[i];
+	dir = argv[0];
 
 	if (!enter_repo(dir, strict))
 		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
-	if (is_repository_shallow())
-		die("attempt to fetch/clone from a shallow repository");
-	if (getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"))
-		debug_fd = atoi(getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"));
+
+	git_config(upload_pack_config, NULL);
 	upload_pack();
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/url.c b/url.c
index 335d97d3f7..2d89ad190c 100644
--- a/url.c
+++ b/url.c
@@ -120,8 +120,7 @@ char *url_decode_parameter_value(const char **query)
 void end_url_with_slash(struct strbuf *buf, const char *url)
 {
 	strbuf_addstr(buf, url);
-	if (buf->len && buf->buf[buf->len - 1] != '/')
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, "/");
+	strbuf_complete(buf, '/');
 }
 
 void str_end_url_with_slash(const char *url, char **dest) {
diff --git a/urlmatch.c b/urlmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..132d342bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/urlmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+
+#define URL_ALPHA "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+#define URL_DIGIT "0123456789"
+#define URL_ALPHADIGIT URL_ALPHA URL_DIGIT
+#define URL_SCHEME_CHARS URL_ALPHADIGIT "+.-"
+#define URL_HOST_CHARS URL_ALPHADIGIT ".-[:]" /* IPv6 literals need [:] */
+#define URL_UNSAFE_CHARS " <>\"%{}|\\^`" /* plus 0x00-0x1F,0x7F-0xFF */
+#define URL_GEN_RESERVED ":/?#[]@"
+#define URL_SUB_RESERVED "!$&'()*+,;="
+#define URL_RESERVED URL_GEN_RESERVED URL_SUB_RESERVED /* only allowed delims */
+
+static int append_normalized_escapes(struct strbuf *buf,
+				     const char *from,
+				     size_t from_len,
+				     const char *esc_extra,
+				     const char *esc_ok)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Append to strbuf 'buf' characters from string 'from' with length
+	 * 'from_len' while unescaping characters that do not need to be escaped
+	 * and escaping characters that do.  The set of characters to escape
+	 * (the complement of which is unescaped) starts out as the RFC 3986
+	 * unsafe characters (0x00-0x1F,0x7F-0xFF," <>\"#%{}|\\^`").  If
+	 * 'esc_extra' is not NULL, those additional characters will also always
+	 * be escaped.  If 'esc_ok' is not NULL, those characters will be left
+	 * escaped if found that way, but will not be unescaped otherwise (used
+	 * for delimiters).  If a %-escape sequence is encountered that is not
+	 * followed by 2 hexadecimal digits, the sequence is invalid and
+	 * false (0) will be returned.  Otherwise true (1) will be returned for
+	 * success.
+	 *
+	 * Note that all %-escape sequences will be normalized to UPPERCASE
+	 * as indicated in RFC 3986.  Unless included in esc_extra or esc_ok
+	 * alphanumerics and "-._~" will always be unescaped as per RFC 3986.
+	 */
+
+	while (from_len) {
+		int ch = *from++;
+		int was_esc = 0;
+
+		from_len--;
+		if (ch == '%') {
+			if (from_len < 2 ||
+			    !isxdigit(from[0]) ||
+			    !isxdigit(from[1]))
+				return 0;
+			ch = hexval(*from++) << 4;
+			ch |= hexval(*from++);
+			from_len -= 2;
+			was_esc = 1;
+		}
+		if ((unsigned char)ch <= 0x1F || (unsigned char)ch >= 0x7F ||
+		    strchr(URL_UNSAFE_CHARS, ch) ||
+		    (esc_extra && strchr(esc_extra, ch)) ||
+		    (was_esc && strchr(esc_ok, ch)))
+			strbuf_addf(buf, "%%%02X", (unsigned char)ch);
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(buf, ch);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+char *url_normalize(const char *url, struct url_info *out_info)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Normalize NUL-terminated url using the following rules:
+	 *
+	 * 1. Case-insensitive parts of url will be converted to lower case
+	 * 2. %-encoded characters that do not need to be will be unencoded
+	 * 3. Characters that are not %-encoded and must be will be encoded
+	 * 4. All %-encodings will be converted to upper case hexadecimal
+	 * 5. Leading 0s are removed from port numbers
+	 * 6. If the default port for the scheme is given it will be removed
+	 * 7. A path part (including empty) not starting with '/' has one added
+	 * 8. Any dot segments (. or ..) in the path are resolved and removed
+	 * 9. IPv6 host literals are allowed (but not normalized or validated)
+	 *
+	 * The rules are based on information in RFC 3986.
+	 *
+	 * Please note this function requires a full URL including a scheme
+	 * and host part (except for file: URLs which may have an empty host).
+	 *
+	 * The return value is a newly allocated string that must be freed
+	 * or NULL if the url is not valid.
+	 *
+	 * If out_info is non-NULL, the url and err fields therein will always
+	 * be set.  If a non-NULL value is returned, it will be stored in
+	 * out_info->url as well, out_info->err will be set to NULL and the
+	 * other fields of *out_info will also be filled in.  If a NULL value
+	 * is returned, NULL will be stored in out_info->url and out_info->err
+	 * will be set to a brief, translated, error message, but no other
+	 * fields will be filled in.
+	 *
+	 * This is NOT a URL validation function.  Full URL validation is NOT
+	 * performed.  Some invalid host names are passed through this function
+	 * undetected.  However, most all other problems that make a URL invalid
+	 * will be detected (including a missing host for non file: URLs).
+	 */
+
+	size_t url_len = strlen(url);
+	struct strbuf norm;
+	size_t spanned;
+	size_t scheme_len, user_off=0, user_len=0, passwd_off=0, passwd_len=0;
+	size_t host_off=0, host_len=0, port_len=0, path_off, path_len, result_len;
+	const char *slash_ptr, *at_ptr, *colon_ptr, *path_start;
+	char *result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy lowercased scheme and :// suffix, %-escapes are not allowed
+	 * First character of scheme must be URL_ALPHA
+	 */
+	spanned = strspn(url, URL_SCHEME_CHARS);
+	if (!spanned || !isalpha(url[0]) || spanned + 3 > url_len ||
+	    url[spanned] != ':' || url[spanned+1] != '/' || url[spanned+2] != '/') {
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix");
+		}
+		return NULL; /* Bad scheme and/or missing "://" part */
+	}
+	strbuf_init(&norm, url_len);
+	scheme_len = spanned;
+	spanned += 3;
+	url_len -= spanned;
+	while (spanned--)
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, tolower(*url++));
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy any username:password if present normalizing %-escapes
+	 */
+	at_ptr = strchr(url, '@');
+	slash_ptr = url + strcspn(url, "/?#");
+	if (at_ptr && at_ptr < slash_ptr) {
+		user_off = norm.len;
+		if (at_ptr > url) {
+			if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, at_ptr - url,
+						       "", URL_RESERVED)) {
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			colon_ptr = strchr(norm.buf + scheme_len + 3, ':');
+			if (colon_ptr) {
+				passwd_off = (colon_ptr + 1) - norm.buf;
+				passwd_len = norm.len - passwd_off;
+				user_len = (passwd_off - 1) - (scheme_len + 3);
+			} else {
+				user_len = norm.len - (scheme_len + 3);
+			}
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, '@');
+		url_len -= (++at_ptr - url);
+		url = at_ptr;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy the host part excluding any port part, no %-escapes allowed
+	 */
+	if (!url_len || strchr(":/?#", *url)) {
+		/* Missing host invalid for all URL schemes except file */
+		if (strncmp(norm.buf, "file:", 5)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("missing host and scheme is not 'file:'");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	} else {
+		host_off = norm.len;
+	}
+	colon_ptr = slash_ptr - 1;
+	while (colon_ptr > url && *colon_ptr != ':' && *colon_ptr != ']')
+		colon_ptr--;
+	if (*colon_ptr != ':') {
+		colon_ptr = slash_ptr;
+	} else if (!host_off && colon_ptr < slash_ptr && colon_ptr + 1 != slash_ptr) {
+		/* file: URLs may not have a port number */
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("a 'file:' URL may not have a port number");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&norm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	spanned = strspn(url, URL_HOST_CHARS);
+	if (spanned < colon_ptr - url) {
+		/* Host name has invalid characters */
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("invalid characters in host name");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&norm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while (url < colon_ptr) {
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, tolower(*url++));
+		url_len--;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the port part and copy if not the default (after removing any
+	 * leading 0s); no %-escapes allowed
+	 */
+	if (colon_ptr < slash_ptr) {
+		/* skip the ':' and leading 0s but not the last one if all 0s */
+		url++;
+		url += strspn(url, "0");
+		if (url == slash_ptr && url[-1] == '0')
+			url--;
+		if (url == slash_ptr) {
+			/* Skip ":" port with no number, it's same as default */
+		} else if (slash_ptr - url == 2 &&
+			   !strncmp(norm.buf, "http:", 5) &&
+			   !strncmp(url, "80", 2)) {
+			/* Skip http :80 as it's the default */
+		} else if (slash_ptr - url == 3 &&
+			   !strncmp(norm.buf, "https:", 6) &&
+			   !strncmp(url, "443", 3)) {
+			/* Skip https :443 as it's the default */
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Port number must be all digits with leading 0s removed
+			 * and since all the protocols we deal with have a 16-bit
+			 * port number it must also be in the range 1..65535
+			 * 0 is not allowed because that means "next available"
+			 * on just about every system and therefore cannot be used
+			 */
+			unsigned long pnum = 0;
+			spanned = strspn(url, URL_DIGIT);
+			if (spanned < slash_ptr - url) {
+				/* port number has invalid characters */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid port number");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			if (slash_ptr - url <= 5)
+				pnum = strtoul(url, NULL, 10);
+			if (pnum == 0 || pnum > 65535) {
+				/* port number not in range 1..65535 */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid port number");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			strbuf_addch(&norm, ':');
+			strbuf_add(&norm, url, slash_ptr - url);
+			port_len = slash_ptr - url;
+		}
+		url_len -= slash_ptr - colon_ptr;
+		url = slash_ptr;
+	}
+	if (host_off)
+		host_len = norm.len - host_off;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Now copy the path resolving any . and .. segments being careful not
+	 * to corrupt the URL by unescaping any delimiters, but do add an
+	 * initial '/' if it's missing and do normalize any %-escape sequences.
+	 */
+	path_off = norm.len;
+	path_start = norm.buf + path_off;
+	strbuf_addch(&norm, '/');
+	if (*url == '/') {
+		url++;
+		url_len--;
+	}
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *seg_start;
+		size_t seg_start_off = norm.len;
+		const char *next_slash = url + strcspn(url, "/?#");
+		int skip_add_slash = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * RFC 3689 indicates that any . or .. segments should be
+		 * unescaped before being checked for.
+		 */
+		if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, next_slash - url, "",
+					       URL_RESERVED)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		seg_start = norm.buf + seg_start_off;
+		if (!strcmp(seg_start, ".")) {
+			/* ignore a . segment; be careful not to remove initial '/' */
+			if (seg_start == path_start + 1) {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, norm.len - 1);
+				skip_add_slash = 1;
+			} else {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, norm.len - 2);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(seg_start, "..")) {
+			/*
+			 * ignore a .. segment and remove the previous segment;
+			 * be careful not to remove initial '/' from path
+			 */
+			const char *prev_slash = norm.buf + norm.len - 3;
+			if (prev_slash == path_start) {
+				/* invalid .. because no previous segment to remove */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid '..' path segment");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			while (*--prev_slash != '/') {}
+			if (prev_slash == path_start) {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, prev_slash - norm.buf + 1);
+				skip_add_slash = 1;
+			} else {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, prev_slash - norm.buf);
+			}
+		}
+		url_len -= next_slash - url;
+		url = next_slash;
+		/* if the next char is not '/' done with the path */
+		if (*url != '/')
+			break;
+		url++;
+		url_len--;
+		if (!skip_add_slash)
+			strbuf_addch(&norm, '/');
+	}
+	path_len = norm.len - path_off;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Now simply copy the rest, if any, only normalizing %-escapes and
+	 * being careful not to corrupt the URL by unescaping any delimiters.
+	 */
+	if (*url) {
+		if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, url_len, "", URL_RESERVED)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	result = strbuf_detach(&norm, &result_len);
+	if (out_info) {
+		out_info->url = result;
+		out_info->err = NULL;
+		out_info->url_len = result_len;
+		out_info->scheme_len = scheme_len;
+		out_info->user_off = user_off;
+		out_info->user_len = user_len;
+		out_info->passwd_off = passwd_off;
+		out_info->passwd_len = passwd_len;
+		out_info->host_off = host_off;
+		out_info->host_len = host_len;
+		out_info->port_len = port_len;
+		out_info->path_off = path_off;
+		out_info->path_len = path_len;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+static size_t url_match_prefix(const char *url,
+			       const char *url_prefix,
+			       size_t url_prefix_len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * url_prefix matches url if url_prefix is an exact match for url or it
+	 * is a prefix of url and the match ends on a path component boundary.
+	 * Both url and url_prefix are considered to have an implicit '/' on the
+	 * end for matching purposes if they do not already.
+	 *
+	 * url must be NUL terminated.  url_prefix_len is the length of
+	 * url_prefix which need not be NUL terminated.
+	 *
+	 * The return value is the length of the match in characters (including
+	 * the final '/' even if it's implicit) or 0 for no match.
+	 *
+	 * Passing NULL as url and/or url_prefix will always cause 0 to be
+	 * returned without causing any faults.
+	 */
+	if (!url || !url_prefix)
+		return 0;
+	if (!url_prefix_len || (url_prefix_len == 1 && *url_prefix == '/'))
+		return (!*url || *url == '/') ? 1 : 0;
+	if (url_prefix[url_prefix_len - 1] == '/')
+		url_prefix_len--;
+	if (strncmp(url, url_prefix, url_prefix_len))
+		return 0;
+	if ((strlen(url) == url_prefix_len) || (url[url_prefix_len] == '/'))
+		return url_prefix_len + 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_urls(const struct url_info *url,
+		      const struct url_info *url_prefix,
+		      int *exactusermatch)
+{
+	/*
+	 * url_prefix matches url if the scheme, host and port of url_prefix
+	 * are the same as those of url and the path portion of url_prefix
+	 * is the same as the path portion of url or it is a prefix that
+	 * matches at a '/' boundary.  If url_prefix contains a user name,
+	 * that must also exactly match the user name in url.
+	 *
+	 * If the user, host, port and path match in this fashion, the returned
+	 * value is the length of the path match including any implicit
+	 * final '/'.  For example, "http://me@example.com/path" is matched by
+	 * "http://example.com" with a path length of 1.
+	 *
+	 * If there is a match and exactusermatch is not NULL, then
+	 * *exactusermatch will be set to true if both url and url_prefix
+	 * contained a user name or false if url_prefix did not have a
+	 * user name.  If there is no match *exactusermatch is left untouched.
+	 */
+	int usermatched = 0;
+	int pathmatchlen;
+
+	if (!url || !url_prefix || !url->url || !url_prefix->url)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* check the scheme */
+	if (url_prefix->scheme_len != url->scheme_len ||
+	    strncmp(url->url, url_prefix->url, url->scheme_len))
+		return 0; /* schemes do not match */
+
+	/* check the user name if url_prefix has one */
+	if (url_prefix->user_off) {
+		if (!url->user_off || url->user_len != url_prefix->user_len ||
+		    strncmp(url->url + url->user_off,
+			    url_prefix->url + url_prefix->user_off,
+			    url->user_len))
+			return 0; /* url_prefix has a user but it's not a match */
+		usermatched = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* check the host and port */
+	if (url_prefix->host_len != url->host_len ||
+	    strncmp(url->url + url->host_off,
+		    url_prefix->url + url_prefix->host_off, url->host_len))
+		return 0; /* host names and/or ports do not match */
+
+	/* check the path */
+	pathmatchlen = url_match_prefix(
+		url->url + url->path_off,
+		url_prefix->url + url_prefix->path_off,
+		url_prefix->url_len - url_prefix->path_off);
+
+	if (pathmatchlen && exactusermatch)
+		*exactusermatch = usermatched;
+	return pathmatchlen;
+}
+
+int urlmatch_config_entry(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct urlmatch_config *collect = cb;
+	struct urlmatch_item *matched;
+	struct url_info *url = &collect->url;
+	const char *key, *dot;
+	struct strbuf synthkey = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t matched_len = 0;
+	int user_matched = 0;
+	int retval;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, collect->section, &key) || *(key++) != '.') {
+		if (collect->cascade_fn)
+			return collect->cascade_fn(var, value, cb);
+		return 0; /* not interested */
+	}
+	dot = strrchr(key, '.');
+	if (dot) {
+		char *config_url, *norm_url;
+		struct url_info norm_info;
+
+		config_url = xmemdupz(key, dot - key);
+		norm_url = url_normalize(config_url, &norm_info);
+		free(config_url);
+		if (!norm_url)
+			return 0;
+		matched_len = match_urls(url, &norm_info, &user_matched);
+		free(norm_url);
+		if (!matched_len)
+			return 0;
+		key = dot + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (collect->key && strcmp(key, collect->key))
+		return 0;
+
+	item = string_list_insert(&collect->vars, key);
+	if (!item->util) {
+		matched = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*matched));
+		item->util = matched;
+	} else {
+		matched = item->util;
+		/*
+		 * Is our match shorter?  Is our match the same
+		 * length, and without user while the current
+		 * candidate is with user?  Then we cannot use it.
+		 */
+		if (matched_len < matched->matched_len ||
+		    ((matched_len == matched->matched_len) &&
+		     (!user_matched && matched->user_matched)))
+			return 0;
+		/* Otherwise, replace it with this one. */
+	}
+
+	matched->matched_len = matched_len;
+	matched->user_matched = user_matched;
+	strbuf_addstr(&synthkey, collect->section);
+	strbuf_addch(&synthkey, '.');
+	strbuf_addstr(&synthkey, key);
+	retval = collect->collect_fn(synthkey.buf, value, collect->cb);
+
+	strbuf_release(&synthkey);
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/urlmatch.h b/urlmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..528862adc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/urlmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#ifndef URL_MATCH_H
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct url_info {
+	/* normalized url on success, must be freed, otherwise NULL */
+	char *url;
+	/* if !url, a brief reason for the failure, otherwise NULL */
+	const char *err;
+
+	/* the rest of the fields are only set if url != NULL */
+
+	size_t url_len;		/* total length of url (which is now normalized) */
+	size_t scheme_len;	/* length of scheme name (excluding final :) */
+	size_t user_off;	/* offset into url to start of user name (0 => none) */
+	size_t user_len;	/* length of user name; if user_off != 0 but
+				   user_len == 0, an empty user name was given */
+	size_t passwd_off;	/* offset into url to start of passwd (0 => none) */
+	size_t passwd_len;	/* length of passwd; if passwd_off != 0 but
+				   passwd_len == 0, an empty passwd was given */
+	size_t host_off;	/* offset into url to start of host name (0 => none) */
+	size_t host_len;	/* length of host name; this INCLUDES any ':portnum';
+				 * file urls may have host_len == 0 */
+	size_t port_len;	/* if a portnum is present (port_len != 0), it has
+				 * this length (excluding the leading ':') at the
+				 * end of the host name (always 0 for file urls) */
+	size_t path_off;	/* offset into url to the start of the url path;
+				 * this will always point to a '/' character
+				 * after the url has been normalized */
+	size_t path_len;	/* length of path portion excluding any trailing
+				 * '?...' and '#...' portion; will always be >= 1 */
+};
+
+extern char *url_normalize(const char *, struct url_info *);
+
+struct urlmatch_item {
+	size_t matched_len;
+	char user_matched;
+};
+
+struct urlmatch_config {
+	struct string_list vars;
+	struct url_info url;
+	const char *section;
+	const char *key;
+
+	void *cb;
+	int (*collect_fn)(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+	int (*cascade_fn)(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+};
+
+extern int urlmatch_config_entry(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+
+#endif /* URL_MATCH_H */
diff --git a/usage.c b/usage.c
index a2a6678004..1dad03fb5c 100644
--- a/usage.c
+++ b/usage.c
@@ -6,23 +6,22 @@
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 
+static FILE *error_handle;
+static int tweaked_error_buffering;
+
 void vreportf(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params)
 {
-	char msg[4096];
-	vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), err, params);
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s%s\n", prefix, msg);
-}
+	FILE *fh = error_handle ? error_handle : stderr;
 
-void vwritef(int fd, const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params)
-{
-	char msg[4096];
-	int len = vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), err, params);
-	if (len > sizeof(msg))
-		len = sizeof(msg);
+	fflush(fh);
+	if (!tweaked_error_buffering) {
+		setvbuf(fh, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
+		tweaked_error_buffering = 1;
+	}
 
-	write_in_full(fd, prefix, strlen(prefix));
-	write_in_full(fd, msg, len);
-	write_in_full(fd, "\n", 1);
+	fputs(prefix, fh);
+	vfprintf(fh, err, params);
+	fputc('\n', fh);
 }
 
 static NORETURN void usage_builtin(const char *err, va_list params)
@@ -47,12 +46,19 @@ static void warn_builtin(const char *warn, va_list params)
 	vreportf("warning: ", warn, params);
 }
 
+static int die_is_recursing_builtin(void)
+{
+	static int dying;
+	return dying++;
+}
+
 /* If we are in a dlopen()ed .so write to a global variable would segfault
  * (ugh), so keep things static. */
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*usage_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = usage_builtin;
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*die_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = die_builtin;
 static void (*error_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = error_builtin;
 static void (*warn_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = warn_builtin;
+static int (*die_is_recursing)(void) = die_is_recursing_builtin;
 
 void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
 {
@@ -64,6 +70,17 @@ void set_error_routine(void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
 	error_routine = routine;
 }
 
+void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void))
+{
+	die_is_recursing = routine;
+}
+
+void set_error_handle(FILE *fh)
+{
+	error_handle = fh;
+	tweaked_error_buffering = 0;
+}
+
 void NORETURN usagef(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
@@ -82,15 +99,18 @@ void NORETURN die(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
 
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
+		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die handler\n", stderr);
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
 	va_start(params, err);
 	die_routine(err, params);
 	va_end(params);
 }
 
-void NORETURN die_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
+static const char *fmt_with_err(char *buf, int n, const char *fmt)
 {
-	va_list params;
-	char fmt_with_err[1024];
 	char str_error[256], *err;
 	int i, j;
 
@@ -108,13 +128,38 @@ void NORETURN die_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
 		}
 	}
 	str_error[j] = 0;
-	snprintf(fmt_with_err, sizeof(fmt_with_err), "%s: %s", fmt, str_error);
+	snprintf(buf, n, "%s: %s", fmt, str_error);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+void NORETURN die_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	va_list params;
+
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
+		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die_errno handler\n",
+			stderr);
+		exit(128);
+	}
 
 	va_start(params, fmt);
-	die_routine(fmt_with_err, params);
+	die_routine(fmt_with_err(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt), params);
 	va_end(params);
 }
 
+int error_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	va_list params;
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	error_routine(fmt_with_err(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt), params);
+	va_end(params);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+#undef error
 int error(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
@@ -125,6 +170,16 @@ int error(const char *err, ...)
 	return -1;
 }
 
+void warning_errno(const char *warn, ...)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	va_list params;
+
+	va_start(params, warn);
+	warn_routine(fmt_with_err(buf, sizeof(buf), warn), params);
+	va_end(params);
+}
+
 void warning(const char *warn, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
index 76109da4bc..2125d6da26 100644
--- a/userdiff.c
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "attr.h"
 
 static struct userdiff_driver *drivers;
@@ -14,6 +13,15 @@ static int drivers_alloc;
 	{ name, NULL, -1, { pattern, REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE }, \
 	  word_regex "|[^[:space:]]|[\xc0-\xff][\x80-\xbf]+" }
 static struct userdiff_driver builtin_drivers[] = {
+IPATTERN("ada",
+	 "!^(.*[ \t])?(is[ \t]+new|renames|is[ \t]+separate)([ \t].*)?$\n"
+	 "!^[ \t]*with[ \t].*$\n"
+	 "^[ \t]*((procedure|function)[ \t]+.*)$\n"
+	 "^[ \t]*((package|protected|task)[ \t]+.*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+]?[0-9][0-9#_.aAbBcCdDeEfF]*([eE][+-]?[0-9_]+)?"
+	 "|=>|\\.\\.|\\*\\*|:=|/=|>=|<=|<<|>>|<>"),
 IPATTERN("fortran",
 	 "!^([C*]|[ \t]*!)\n"
 	 "!^[ \t]*MODULE[ \t]+PROCEDURE[ \t]\n"
@@ -27,6 +35,8 @@ IPATTERN("fortran",
 	  * they would have been matched above as a variable anyway. */
 	 "|[-+]?[0-9.]+([AaIiDdEeFfLlTtXx][Ss]?[-+]?[0-9.]*)?(_[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)?"
 	 "|//|\\*\\*|::|[/<>=]="),
+IPATTERN("fountain", "^((\\.[^.]|(int|ext|est|int\\.?/ext|i/e)[. ]).*)$",
+	 "[^ \t-]+"),
 PATTERNS("html", "^[ \t]*(<[Hh][1-6][ \t].*>.*)$",
 	 "[^<>= \t]+"),
 PATTERNS("java",
@@ -116,15 +126,13 @@ PATTERNS("tex", "^(\\\\((sub)*section|chapter|part)\\*{0,1}\\{.*)$",
 	 "\\\\[a-zA-Z@]+|\\\\.|[a-zA-Z0-9\x80-\xff]+"),
 PATTERNS("cpp",
 	 /* Jump targets or access declarations */
-	 "!^[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*:.*$\n"
-	 /* C/++ functions/methods at top level */
-	 "^([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*([ \t*]+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*([ \t]*::[ \t]*[^[:space:]]+)?){1,}[ \t]*\\([^;]*)$\n"
-	 /* compound type at top level */
-	 "^((struct|class|enum)[^;]*)$",
+	 "!^[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*:[[:space:]]*($|/[/*])\n"
+	 /* functions/methods, variables, and compounds at top level */
+	 "^((::[[:space:]]*)?[A-Za-z_].*)$",
 	 /* -- */
 	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
-	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
-	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->"),
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lLuU]*"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->\\*?|\\.\\*"),
 PATTERNS("csharp",
 	 /* Keywords */
 	 "!^[ \t]*(do|while|for|if|else|instanceof|new|return|switch|case|throw|catch|using)\n"
@@ -140,6 +148,18 @@ PATTERNS("csharp",
 	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
 	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
 	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->"),
+IPATTERN("css",
+	 "![:;][[:space:]]*$\n"
+	 "^[_a-z0-9].*$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 /*
+	  * This regex comes from W3C CSS specs. Should theoretically also
+	  * allow ISO 10646 characters U+00A0 and higher,
+	  * but they are not handled in this regex.
+	  */
+	 "-?[_a-zA-Z][-_a-zA-Z0-9]*" /* identifiers */
+	 "|-?[0-9]+|\\#[0-9a-fA-F]+" /* numbers */
+),
 { "default", NULL, -1, { NULL, 0 } },
 };
 #undef PATTERNS
@@ -175,49 +195,13 @@ static struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_namelen(const char *k, int len)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct userdiff_driver *parse_driver(const char *var,
-		const char *value, const char *type)
-{
-	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
-	const char *dot;
-	const char *name;
-	int namelen;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "diff."))
-		return NULL;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 4)
-		return NULL;
-	if (strcmp(type, dot+1))
-		return NULL;
-
-	name = var + 5;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
-	if (!drv) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
-		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
-		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
-		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
-		drv->binary = -1;
-	}
-	return drv;
-}
-
 static int parse_funcname(struct userdiff_funcname *f, const char *k,
 		const char *v, int cflags)
 {
 	if (git_config_string(&f->pattern, k, v) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	f->cflags = cflags;
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int parse_string(const char **d, const char *k, const char *v)
-{
-	if (git_config_string(d, k, v) < 0)
-		return -1;
-	return 1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_tristate(int *b, const char *k, const char *v)
@@ -226,33 +210,47 @@ static int parse_tristate(int *b, const char *k, const char *v)
 		*b = -1;
 	else
 		*b = git_config_bool(k, v);
-	return 1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_bool(int *b, const char *k, const char *v)
 {
 	*b = git_config_bool(k, v);
-	return 1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int userdiff_config(const char *k, const char *v)
 {
 	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	const char *name, *type;
+	int namelen;
+
+	if (parse_config_key(k, "diff", &name, &namelen, &type) || !name)
+		return 0;
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
+	if (!drv) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
+		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
+		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
+		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		drv->binary = -1;
+	}
 
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "funcname")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "funcname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, 0);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "xfuncname")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "xfuncname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, REG_EXTENDED);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "binary")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "binary"))
 		return parse_tristate(&drv->binary, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "command")))
-		return parse_string(&drv->external, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "textconv")))
-		return parse_string(&drv->textconv, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "cachetextconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "command"))
+		return git_config_string(&drv->external, k, v);
+	if (!strcmp(type, "textconv"))
+		return git_config_string(&drv->textconv, k, v);
+	if (!strcmp(type, "cachetextconv"))
 		return parse_bool(&drv->textconv_want_cache, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "wordregex")))
-		return parse_string(&drv->word_regex, k, v);
+	if (!strcmp(type, "wordregex"))
+		return git_config_string(&drv->word_regex, k, v);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/userdiff.h b/userdiff.h
index 4a7e78ffbc..2ef0ce5452 100644
--- a/userdiff.h
+++ b/userdiff.h
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ int userdiff_config(const char *k, const char *v);
 struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_name(const char *name);
 struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_path(const char *path);
 
+/*
+ * Initialize any textconv-related fields in the driver and return it, or NULL
+ * if it does not have textconv enabled at all.
+ */
 struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_get_textconv(struct userdiff_driver *driver);
 
 #endif /* USERDIFF */
diff --git a/utf8.c b/utf8.c
index 8acbc660d3..00e10c86ad 100644
--- a/utf8.c
+++ b/utf8.c
@@ -5,10 +5,24 @@
 /* This code is originally from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/ */
 
 struct interval {
-  int first;
-  int last;
+	ucs_char_t first;
+	ucs_char_t last;
 };
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
+{
+	const char *p = s;
+	if (*p++ != '\033')
+		return 0;
+	if (*p++ != '[')
+		return 0;
+	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
+		p++;
+	if (*p++ != 'm')
+		return 0;
+	return p - s;
+}
+
 /* auxiliary function for binary search in interval table */
 static int bisearch(ucs_char_t ucs, const struct interval *table, int max)
 {
@@ -66,53 +80,8 @@ static int git_wcwidth(ucs_char_t ch)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Sorted list of non-overlapping intervals of non-spacing characters,
-	 * generated by
-	 *   "uniset +cat=Me +cat=Mn +cat=Cf -00AD +1160-11FF +200B c".
 	 */
-	static const struct interval combining[] = {
-		{ 0x0300, 0x0357 }, { 0x035D, 0x036F }, { 0x0483, 0x0486 },
-		{ 0x0488, 0x0489 }, { 0x0591, 0x05A1 }, { 0x05A3, 0x05B9 },
-		{ 0x05BB, 0x05BD }, { 0x05BF, 0x05BF }, { 0x05C1, 0x05C2 },
-		{ 0x05C4, 0x05C4 }, { 0x0600, 0x0603 }, { 0x0610, 0x0615 },
-		{ 0x064B, 0x0658 }, { 0x0670, 0x0670 }, { 0x06D6, 0x06E4 },
-		{ 0x06E7, 0x06E8 }, { 0x06EA, 0x06ED }, { 0x070F, 0x070F },
-		{ 0x0711, 0x0711 }, { 0x0730, 0x074A }, { 0x07A6, 0x07B0 },
-		{ 0x0901, 0x0902 }, { 0x093C, 0x093C }, { 0x0941, 0x0948 },
-		{ 0x094D, 0x094D }, { 0x0951, 0x0954 }, { 0x0962, 0x0963 },
-		{ 0x0981, 0x0981 }, { 0x09BC, 0x09BC }, { 0x09C1, 0x09C4 },
-		{ 0x09CD, 0x09CD }, { 0x09E2, 0x09E3 }, { 0x0A01, 0x0A02 },
-		{ 0x0A3C, 0x0A3C }, { 0x0A41, 0x0A42 }, { 0x0A47, 0x0A48 },
-		{ 0x0A4B, 0x0A4D }, { 0x0A70, 0x0A71 }, { 0x0A81, 0x0A82 },
-		{ 0x0ABC, 0x0ABC }, { 0x0AC1, 0x0AC5 }, { 0x0AC7, 0x0AC8 },
-		{ 0x0ACD, 0x0ACD }, { 0x0AE2, 0x0AE3 }, { 0x0B01, 0x0B01 },
-		{ 0x0B3C, 0x0B3C }, { 0x0B3F, 0x0B3F }, { 0x0B41, 0x0B43 },
-		{ 0x0B4D, 0x0B4D }, { 0x0B56, 0x0B56 }, { 0x0B82, 0x0B82 },
-		{ 0x0BC0, 0x0BC0 }, { 0x0BCD, 0x0BCD }, { 0x0C3E, 0x0C40 },
-		{ 0x0C46, 0x0C48 }, { 0x0C4A, 0x0C4D }, { 0x0C55, 0x0C56 },
-		{ 0x0CBC, 0x0CBC }, { 0x0CBF, 0x0CBF }, { 0x0CC6, 0x0CC6 },
-		{ 0x0CCC, 0x0CCD }, { 0x0D41, 0x0D43 }, { 0x0D4D, 0x0D4D },
-		{ 0x0DCA, 0x0DCA }, { 0x0DD2, 0x0DD4 }, { 0x0DD6, 0x0DD6 },
-		{ 0x0E31, 0x0E31 }, { 0x0E34, 0x0E3A }, { 0x0E47, 0x0E4E },
-		{ 0x0EB1, 0x0EB1 }, { 0x0EB4, 0x0EB9 }, { 0x0EBB, 0x0EBC },
-		{ 0x0EC8, 0x0ECD }, { 0x0F18, 0x0F19 }, { 0x0F35, 0x0F35 },
-		{ 0x0F37, 0x0F37 }, { 0x0F39, 0x0F39 }, { 0x0F71, 0x0F7E },
-		{ 0x0F80, 0x0F84 }, { 0x0F86, 0x0F87 }, { 0x0F90, 0x0F97 },
-		{ 0x0F99, 0x0FBC }, { 0x0FC6, 0x0FC6 }, { 0x102D, 0x1030 },
-		{ 0x1032, 0x1032 }, { 0x1036, 0x1037 }, { 0x1039, 0x1039 },
-		{ 0x1058, 0x1059 }, { 0x1160, 0x11FF }, { 0x1712, 0x1714 },
-		{ 0x1732, 0x1734 }, { 0x1752, 0x1753 }, { 0x1772, 0x1773 },
-		{ 0x17B4, 0x17B5 }, { 0x17B7, 0x17BD }, { 0x17C6, 0x17C6 },
-		{ 0x17C9, 0x17D3 }, { 0x17DD, 0x17DD }, { 0x180B, 0x180D },
-		{ 0x18A9, 0x18A9 }, { 0x1920, 0x1922 }, { 0x1927, 0x1928 },
-		{ 0x1932, 0x1932 }, { 0x1939, 0x193B }, { 0x200B, 0x200F },
-		{ 0x202A, 0x202E }, { 0x2060, 0x2063 }, { 0x206A, 0x206F },
-		{ 0x20D0, 0x20EA }, { 0x302A, 0x302F }, { 0x3099, 0x309A },
-		{ 0xFB1E, 0xFB1E }, { 0xFE00, 0xFE0F }, { 0xFE20, 0xFE23 },
-		{ 0xFEFF, 0xFEFF }, { 0xFFF9, 0xFFFB }, { 0x1D167, 0x1D169 },
-		{ 0x1D173, 0x1D182 }, { 0x1D185, 0x1D18B },
-		{ 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD }, { 0xE0001, 0xE0001 },
-		{ 0xE0020, 0xE007F }, { 0xE0100, 0xE01EF }
-	};
+#include "unicode_width.h"
 
 	/* test for 8-bit control characters */
 	if (ch == 0)
@@ -121,34 +90,16 @@ static int git_wcwidth(ucs_char_t ch)
 		return -1;
 
 	/* binary search in table of non-spacing characters */
-	if (bisearch(ch, combining, sizeof(combining)
+	if (bisearch(ch, zero_width, sizeof(zero_width)
 				/ sizeof(struct interval) - 1))
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If we arrive here, ch is neither a combining nor a C0/C1
-	 * control character.
-	 */
+	/* binary search in table of double width characters */
+	if (bisearch(ch, double_width, sizeof(double_width)
+				/ sizeof(struct interval) - 1))
+		return 2;
 
-	return 1 +
-		(ch >= 0x1100 &&
-                    /* Hangul Jamo init. consonants */
-		 (ch <= 0x115f ||
-		  ch == 0x2329 || ch == 0x232a ||
-                  /* CJK ... Yi */
-		  (ch >= 0x2e80 && ch <= 0xa4cf &&
-		   ch != 0x303f) ||
-		  /* Hangul Syllables */
-		  (ch >= 0xac00 && ch <= 0xd7a3) ||
-		  /* CJK Compatibility Ideographs */
-		  (ch >= 0xf900 && ch <= 0xfaff) ||
-		  /* CJK Compatibility Forms */
-		  (ch >= 0xfe30 && ch <= 0xfe6f) ||
-		  /* Fullwidth Forms */
-		  (ch >= 0xff00 && ch <= 0xff60) ||
-		  (ch >= 0xffe0 && ch <= 0xffe6) ||
-		  (ch >= 0x20000 && ch <= 0x2fffd) ||
-		  (ch >= 0x30000 && ch <= 0x3fffd)));
+	return 1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -252,18 +203,26 @@ int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p)
  * string, assuming that the string is utf8.  Returns strlen() instead
  * if the string does not look like a valid utf8 string.
  */
-int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi)
 {
 	int width = 0;
 	const char *orig = string;
 
-	while (1) {
-		if (!string)
-			return strlen(orig);
-		if (!*string)
-			return width;
+	if (len == -1)
+		len = strlen(string);
+	while (string && string < orig + len) {
+		int skip;
+		while (skip_ansi &&
+		       (skip = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(string)) != 0)
+			string += skip;
 		width += utf8_width(&string, NULL);
 	}
+	return string ? width : len;
+}
+
+int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+{
+	return utf8_strnwidth(string, -1, 0);
 }
 
 int is_utf8(const char *text)
@@ -280,13 +239,6 @@ int is_utf8(const char *text)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void strbuf_addchars(struct strbuf *sb, int c, size_t n)
-{
-	strbuf_grow(sb, n);
-	memset(sb->buf + sb->len, c, n);
-	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + n);
-}
-
 static void strbuf_add_indented_text(struct strbuf *buf, const char *text,
 				     int indent, int indent2)
 {
@@ -303,27 +255,13 @@ static void strbuf_add_indented_text(struct strbuf *buf, const char *text,
 	}
 }
 
-static size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
-{
-	const char *p = s;
-	if (*p++ != '\033')
-		return 0;
-	if (*p++ != '[')
-		return 0;
-	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
-		p++;
-	if (*p++ != 'm')
-		return 0;
-	return p - s;
-}
-
 /*
  * Wrap the text, if necessary. The variable indent is the indent for the
  * first line, indent2 is the indent for all other lines.
  * If indent is negative, assume that already -indent columns have been
  * consumed (and no extra indent is necessary for the first line).
  */
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent1, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	int indent, w, assume_utf8 = 1;
@@ -332,7 +270,7 @@ int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 
 	if (width <= 0) {
 		strbuf_add_indented_text(buf, text, indent1, indent2);
-		return 1;
+		return;
 	}
 
 retry:
@@ -353,17 +291,17 @@ retry:
 
 		c = *text;
 		if (!c || isspace(c)) {
-			if (w < width || !space) {
+			if (w <= width || !space) {
 				const char *start = bol;
 				if (!c && text == start)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				if (space)
 					start = space;
 				else
 					strbuf_addchars(buf, ' ', indent);
 				strbuf_add(buf, start, text - start);
 				if (!c)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				space = text;
 				if (c == '\t')
 					w |= 0x07;
@@ -405,13 +343,61 @@ new_line:
 	}
 }
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	char *tmp = xstrndup(data, len);
-	int r = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
 	free(tmp);
-	return r;
+}
+
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb_src, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb_dst = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *src = sb_src->buf;
+	char *end = src + sb_src->len;
+	char *dst;
+	int w = 0, subst_len = 0;
+
+	if (subst)
+		subst_len = strlen(subst);
+	strbuf_grow(&sb_dst, sb_src->len + subst_len);
+	dst = sb_dst.buf;
+
+	while (src < end) {
+		char *old;
+		size_t n;
+
+		while ((n = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(src))) {
+			memcpy(dst, src, n);
+			src += n;
+			dst += n;
+		}
+
+		if (src >= end)
+			break;
+
+		old = src;
+		n = utf8_width((const char**)&src, NULL);
+		if (!src) 	/* broken utf-8, do nothing */
+			return;
+		if (n && w >= pos && w < pos + width) {
+			if (subst) {
+				memcpy(dst, subst, subst_len);
+				dst += subst_len;
+				subst = NULL;
+			}
+			w += n;
+			continue;
+		}
+		memcpy(dst, old, src - old);
+		dst += src - old;
+		w += n;
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(&sb_dst, dst - sb_dst.buf);
+	strbuf_swap(sb_src, &sb_dst);
+	strbuf_release(&sb_dst);
 }
 
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
@@ -423,6 +409,34 @@ int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int same_encoding(const char *src, const char *dst)
+{
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(src) && is_encoding_utf8(dst))
+		return 1;
+	return !strcasecmp(src, dst);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper for fprintf and returns the total number of columns required
+ * for the printed string, assuming that the string is utf8.
+ */
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list arg;
+	int columns;
+
+	va_start(arg, format);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+
+	columns = fputs(buf.buf, stream);
+	if (0 <= columns) /* keep the error from the I/O */
+		columns = utf8_strwidth(buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return columns;
+}
+
 /*
  * Given a buffer and its encoding, return it re-encoded
  * with iconv.  If the conversion fails, returns NULL.
@@ -433,19 +447,12 @@ int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
 #else
 	typedef char * iconv_ibp;
 #endif
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding)
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv, int *outsz_p)
 {
-	iconv_t conv;
-	size_t insz, outsz, outalloc;
+	size_t outsz, outalloc;
 	char *out, *outpos;
 	iconv_ibp cp;
 
-	if (!in_encoding)
-		return NULL;
-	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
-	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
-		return NULL;
-	insz = strlen(in);
 	outsz = insz;
 	outalloc = outsz + 1; /* for terminating NUL */
 	out = xmalloc(outalloc);
@@ -455,11 +462,10 @@ char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_e
 	while (1) {
 		size_t cnt = iconv(conv, &cp, &insz, &outpos, &outsz);
 
-		if (cnt == -1) {
+		if (cnt == (size_t) -1) {
 			size_t sofar;
 			if (errno != E2BIG) {
 				free(out);
-				iconv_close(conv);
 				return NULL;
 			}
 			/* insz has remaining number of bytes.
@@ -475,10 +481,187 @@ char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_e
 		}
 		else {
 			*outpos = '\0';
+			if (outsz_p)
+				*outsz_p = outpos - out;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz)
+{
+	iconv_t conv;
+	char *out;
+
+	if (!in_encoding)
+		return NULL;
+
+	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1) {
+		/*
+		 * Some platforms do not have the variously spelled variants of
+		 * UTF-8, so let's fall back to trying the most official
+		 * spelling. We do so only as a fallback in case the platform
+		 * does understand the user's spelling, but not our official
+		 * one.
+		 */
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(in_encoding))
+			in_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(out_encoding))
+			out_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+		if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	out = reencode_string_iconv(in, insz, conv, outsz);
 	iconv_close(conv);
 	return out;
 }
 #endif
+
+/*
+ * Returns first character length in bytes for multi-byte `text` according to
+ * `encoding`.
+ *
+ * - The `text` pointer is updated to point at the next character.
+ * - When `remainder_p` is not NULL, on entry `*remainder_p` is how much bytes
+ *   we can consume from text, and on exit `*remainder_p` is reduced by returned
+ *   character length. Otherwise `text` is treated as limited by NUL.
+ */
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding)
+{
+	int chrlen;
+	const char *p = *text;
+	size_t r = (remainder_p ? *remainder_p : SIZE_MAX);
+
+	if (r < 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(encoding)) {
+		pick_one_utf8_char(&p, &r);
+
+		chrlen = p ? (p - *text)
+			   : 1 /* not valid UTF-8 -> raw byte sequence */;
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * TODO use iconv to decode one char and obtain its chrlen
+		 * for now, let's treat encodings != UTF-8 as one-byte
+		 */
+		chrlen = 1;
+	}
+
+	*text += chrlen;
+	if (remainder_p)
+		*remainder_p -= chrlen;
+
+	return chrlen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pick the next char from the stream, ignoring codepoints an HFS+ would.
+ * Note that this is _not_ complete by any means. It's just enough
+ * to make is_hfs_dotgit() work, and should not be used otherwise.
+ */
+static ucs_char_t next_hfs_char(const char **in)
+{
+	while (1) {
+		ucs_char_t out = pick_one_utf8_char(in, NULL);
+		/*
+		 * check for malformed utf8. Technically this
+		 * gets converted to a percent-sequence, but
+		 * returning 0 is good enough for is_hfs_dotgit
+		 * to realize it cannot be .git
+		 */
+		if (!*in)
+			return 0;
+
+		/* these code points are ignored completely */
+		switch (out) {
+		case 0x200c: /* ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER */
+		case 0x200d: /* ZERO WIDTH JOINER */
+		case 0x200e: /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK */
+		case 0x200f: /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK */
+		case 0x202a: /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING */
+		case 0x202b: /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING */
+		case 0x202c: /* POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING */
+		case 0x202d: /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE */
+		case 0x202e: /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE */
+		case 0x206a: /* INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING */
+		case 0x206b: /* ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING */
+		case 0x206c: /* INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING */
+		case 0x206d: /* ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING */
+		case 0x206e: /* NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES */
+		case 0x206f: /* NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES */
+		case 0xfeff: /* ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		return out;
+	}
+}
+
+int is_hfs_dotgit(const char *path)
+{
+	ucs_char_t c;
+
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+	if (c != '.')
+		return 0;
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+
+	/*
+	 * there's a great deal of other case-folding that occurs
+	 * in HFS+, but this is enough to catch anything that will
+	 * convert to ".git"
+	 */
+	if (c != 'g' && c != 'G')
+		return 0;
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+	if (c != 'i' && c != 'I')
+		return 0;
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+	if (c != 't' && c != 'T')
+		return 0;
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+	if (c && !is_dir_sep(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+const char utf8_bom[] = "\357\273\277";
+
+int skip_utf8_bom(char **text, size_t len)
+{
+	if (len < strlen(utf8_bom) ||
+	    memcmp(*text, utf8_bom, strlen(utf8_bom)))
+		return 0;
+	*text += strlen(utf8_bom);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void strbuf_utf8_align(struct strbuf *buf, align_type position, unsigned int width,
+		       const char *s)
+{
+	int slen = strlen(s);
+	int display_len = utf8_strnwidth(s, slen, 0);
+	int utf8_compensation = slen - display_len;
+
+	if (display_len >= width) {
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, s);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (position == ALIGN_LEFT)
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%-*s", width + utf8_compensation, s);
+	else if (position == ALIGN_MIDDLE) {
+		int left = (width - display_len) / 2;
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%*s%-*s", left, "", width - left + utf8_compensation, s);
+	} else if (position == ALIGN_RIGHT)
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%*s", width + utf8_compensation, s);
+}
diff --git a/utf8.h b/utf8.h
index 81f2c82fab..6bbcf31a83 100644
--- a/utf8.h
+++ b/utf8.h
@@ -3,20 +3,71 @@
 
 typedef unsigned int ucs_char_t;  /* assuming 32bit int */
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s);
 int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p);
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi);
 int utf8_strwidth(const char *string);
 int is_utf8(const char *text);
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name);
+int same_encoding(const char *, const char *);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *, const char *, ...);
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+extern const char utf8_bom[];
+extern int skip_utf8_bom(char **, size_t);
+
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int width);
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width);
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst);
 
 #ifndef NO_ICONV
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding);
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz,
+			    iconv_t conv, int *outsz);
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding,
+			  const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz);
 #else
-#define reencode_string(a,b,c) NULL
+static inline char *reencode_string_len(const char *a, int b,
+					const char *c, const char *d, int *e)
+{ if (e) *e = 0; return NULL; }
 #endif
 
+static inline char *reencode_string(const char *in,
+				    const char *out_encoding,
+				    const char *in_encoding)
+{
+	return reencode_string_len(in, strlen(in),
+				   out_encoding, in_encoding,
+				   NULL);
+}
+
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding);
+
+/*
+ * Returns true if the path would match ".git" after HFS case-folding.
+ * The path should be NUL-terminated, but we will match variants of both ".git\0"
+ * and ".git/..." (but _not_ ".../.git"). This makes it suitable for both fsck
+ * and verify_path().
+ */
+int is_hfs_dotgit(const char *path);
+
+typedef enum {
+	ALIGN_LEFT,
+	ALIGN_MIDDLE,
+	ALIGN_RIGHT
+} align_type;
+
+/*
+ * Align the string given and store it into a strbuf as per the
+ * 'position' and 'width'. If the given string length is larger than
+ * 'width' than then the input string is not truncated and no
+ * alignment is done.
+ */
+void strbuf_utf8_align(struct strbuf *buf, align_type position, unsigned int width,
+		       const char *s);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/varint.c b/varint.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..409c4977a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/varint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "varint.h"
+
+uintmax_t decode_varint(const unsigned char **bufp)
+{
+	const unsigned char *buf = *bufp;
+	unsigned char c = *buf++;
+	uintmax_t val = c & 127;
+	while (c & 128) {
+		val += 1;
+		if (!val || MSB(val, 7))
+			return 0; /* overflow */
+		c = *buf++;
+		val = (val << 7) + (c & 127);
+	}
+	*bufp = buf;
+	return val;
+}
+
+int encode_varint(uintmax_t value, unsigned char *buf)
+{
+	unsigned char varint[16];
+	unsigned pos = sizeof(varint) - 1;
+	varint[pos] = value & 127;
+	while (value >>= 7)
+		varint[--pos] = 128 | (--value & 127);
+	if (buf)
+		memcpy(buf, varint + pos, sizeof(varint) - pos);
+	return sizeof(varint) - pos;
+}
diff --git a/varint.h b/varint.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1c44d9a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/varint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef VARINT_H
+#define VARINT_H
+
+extern int encode_varint(uintmax_t, unsigned char *);
+extern uintmax_t decode_varint(const unsigned char **);
+
+#endif /* VARINT_H */
diff --git a/vcs-svn/LICENSE b/vcs-svn/LICENSE
index 0a5e3c43a0..eb91858b82 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/LICENSE
+++ b/vcs-svn/LICENSE
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 Copyright (C) 2010 David Barr <david.barr@cordelta.com>.
 All rights reserved.
 
-Copyright (C) 2008 Jason Evans <jasone@canonware.com>.
-All rights reserved.
+Copyright (C) 2010 Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>.
 
 Copyright (C) 2005 Stefan Hegny, hydrografix Consulting GmbH,
 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
diff --git a/vcs-svn/fast_export.c b/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
index 99ed70b88a..bd0f2c2b86 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
@@ -3,38 +3,97 @@
  * See LICENSE for details.
  */
 
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
 #include "fast_export.h"
-#include "line_buffer.h"
 #include "repo_tree.h"
-#include "string_pool.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "svndiff.h"
+#include "sliding_window.h"
+#include "line_buffer.h"
 
 #define MAX_GITSVN_LINE_LEN 4096
 
 static uint32_t first_commit_done;
+static struct line_buffer postimage = LINE_BUFFER_INIT;
+static struct line_buffer report_buffer = LINE_BUFFER_INIT;
+
+/* NEEDSWORK: move to fast_export_init() */
+static int init_postimage(void)
+{
+	static int postimage_initialized;
+	if (postimage_initialized)
+		return 0;
+	postimage_initialized = 1;
+	return buffer_tmpfile_init(&postimage);
+}
+
+void fast_export_init(int fd)
+{
+	first_commit_done = 0;
+	if (buffer_fdinit(&report_buffer, fd))
+		die_errno("cannot read from file descriptor %d", fd);
+}
+
+void fast_export_deinit(void)
+{
+	if (buffer_deinit(&report_buffer))
+		die_errno("error closing fast-import feedback stream");
+}
 
-void fast_export_delete(uint32_t depth, uint32_t *path)
+void fast_export_delete(const char *path)
 {
 	putchar('D');
 	putchar(' ');
-	pool_print_seq(depth, path, '/', stdout);
+	quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
 	putchar('\n');
 }
 
-void fast_export_modify(uint32_t depth, uint32_t *path, uint32_t mode,
-			uint32_t mark)
+static void fast_export_truncate(const char *path, uint32_t mode)
+{
+	fast_export_modify(path, mode, "inline");
+	printf("data 0\n\n");
+}
+
+void fast_export_modify(const char *path, uint32_t mode, const char *dataref)
 {
 	/* Mode must be 100644, 100755, 120000, or 160000. */
-	printf("M %06"PRIo32" :%"PRIu32" ", mode, mark);
-	pool_print_seq(depth, path, '/', stdout);
+	if (!dataref) {
+		fast_export_truncate(path, mode);
+		return;
+	}
+	printf("M %06"PRIo32" %s ", mode, dataref);
+	quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
 	putchar('\n');
 }
 
+void fast_export_begin_note(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+		const char *log, unsigned long timestamp, const char *note_ref)
+{
+	static int firstnote = 1;
+	size_t loglen = strlen(log);
+	printf("commit %s\n", note_ref);
+	printf("committer %s <%s@%s> %ld +0000\n", author, author, "local", timestamp);
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)loglen);
+	fwrite(log, loglen, 1, stdout);
+	if (firstnote) {
+		if (revision > 1)
+			printf("from %s^0", note_ref);
+		firstnote = 0;
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
+void fast_export_note(const char *committish, const char *dataref)
+{
+	printf("N %s %s\n", dataref, committish);
+}
+
 static char gitsvnline[MAX_GITSVN_LINE_LEN];
-void fast_export_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
 			const struct strbuf *log,
 			const char *uuid, const char *url,
-			unsigned long timestamp)
+			unsigned long timestamp, const char *local_ref)
 {
 	static const struct strbuf empty = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!log)
@@ -46,7 +105,8 @@ void fast_export_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
 	} else {
 		*gitsvnline = '\0';
 	}
-	printf("commit refs/heads/master\n");
+	printf("commit %s\n", local_ref);
+	printf("mark :%"PRIu32"\n", revision);
 	printf("committer %s <%s@%s> %ld +0000\n",
 		   *author ? author : "nobody",
 		   *author ? author : "nobody",
@@ -57,15 +117,44 @@ void fast_export_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
 	printf("%s\n", gitsvnline);
 	if (!first_commit_done) {
 		if (revision > 1)
-			printf("from refs/heads/master^0\n");
+			printf("from :%"PRIu32"\n", revision - 1);
 		first_commit_done = 1;
 	}
-	repo_diff(revision - 1, revision);
-	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
 
+void fast_export_end_commit(uint32_t revision)
+{
 	printf("progress Imported commit %"PRIu32".\n\n", revision);
 }
 
+static void ls_from_rev(uint32_t rev, const char *path)
+{
+	/* ls :5 path/to/old/file */
+	printf("ls :%"PRIu32" ", rev);
+	quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+	putchar('\n');
+	fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+static void ls_from_active_commit(const char *path)
+{
+	/* ls "path/to/file" */
+	printf("ls \"");
+	quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 1);
+	printf("\"\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+static const char *get_response_line(void)
+{
+	const char *line = buffer_read_line(&report_buffer);
+	if (line)
+		return line;
+	if (buffer_ferror(&report_buffer))
+		die_errno("error reading from fast-import");
+	die("unexpected end of fast-import feedback");
+}
+
 static void die_short_read(struct line_buffer *input)
 {
 	if (buffer_ferror(input))
@@ -73,16 +162,169 @@ static void die_short_read(struct line_buffer *input)
 	die("invalid dump: unexpected end of file");
 }
 
-void fast_export_blob(uint32_t mode, uint32_t mark, uint32_t len, struct line_buffer *input)
+static int parse_cat_response_line(const char *header, off_t *len)
+{
+	uintmax_t n;
+	const char *type;
+	const char *end;
+
+	if (ends_with(header, " missing"))
+		return error("cat-blob reports missing blob: %s", header);
+	type = strstr(header, " blob ");
+	if (!type)
+		return error("cat-blob header has wrong object type: %s", header);
+	n = strtoumax(type + strlen(" blob "), (char **) &end, 10);
+	if (end == type + strlen(" blob "))
+		return error("cat-blob header does not contain length: %s", header);
+	if (memchr(type + strlen(" blob "), '-', end - type - strlen(" blob ")))
+		return error("cat-blob header contains negative length: %s", header);
+	if (n == UINTMAX_MAX || n > maximum_signed_value_of_type(off_t))
+		return error("blob too large for current definition of off_t");
+	*len = n;
+	if (*end)
+		return error("cat-blob header contains garbage after length: %s", header);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void check_preimage_overflow(off_t a, off_t b)
+{
+	if (signed_add_overflows(a, b))
+		die("blob too large for current definition of off_t");
+}
+
+static long apply_delta(off_t len, struct line_buffer *input,
+			const char *old_data, uint32_t old_mode)
+{
+	long ret;
+	struct sliding_view preimage = SLIDING_VIEW_INIT(&report_buffer, 0);
+	FILE *out;
+
+	if (init_postimage() || !(out = buffer_tmpfile_rewind(&postimage)))
+		die("cannot open temporary file for blob retrieval");
+	if (old_data) {
+		const char *response;
+		printf("cat-blob %s\n", old_data);
+		fflush(stdout);
+		response = get_response_line();
+		if (parse_cat_response_line(response, &preimage.max_off))
+			die("invalid cat-blob response: %s", response);
+		check_preimage_overflow(preimage.max_off, 1);
+	}
+	if (old_mode == REPO_MODE_LNK) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&preimage.buf, "link ");
+		check_preimage_overflow(preimage.max_off, strlen("link "));
+		preimage.max_off += strlen("link ");
+		check_preimage_overflow(preimage.max_off, 1);
+	}
+	if (svndiff0_apply(input, len, &preimage, out))
+		die("cannot apply delta");
+	if (old_data) {
+		/* Read the remainder of preimage and trailing newline. */
+		assert(!signed_add_overflows(preimage.max_off, 1));
+		preimage.max_off++;	/* room for newline */
+		if (move_window(&preimage, preimage.max_off - 1, 1))
+			die("cannot seek to end of input");
+		if (preimage.buf.buf[0] != '\n')
+			die("missing newline after cat-blob response");
+	}
+	ret = buffer_tmpfile_prepare_to_read(&postimage);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		die("cannot read temporary file for blob retrieval");
+	strbuf_release(&preimage.buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void fast_export_buf_to_data(const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)data->len);
+	fwrite(data->buf, data->len, 1, stdout);
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
+void fast_export_data(uint32_t mode, off_t len, struct line_buffer *input)
 {
+	assert(len >= 0);
 	if (mode == REPO_MODE_LNK) {
 		/* svn symlink blobs start with "link " */
+		if (len < 5)
+			die("invalid dump: symlink too short for \"link\" prefix");
 		len -= 5;
 		if (buffer_skip_bytes(input, 5) != 5)
 			die_short_read(input);
 	}
-	printf("blob\nmark :%"PRIu32"\ndata %"PRIu32"\n", mark, len);
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t) len);
 	if (buffer_copy_bytes(input, len) != len)
 		die_short_read(input);
 	fputc('\n', stdout);
 }
+
+static int parse_ls_response(const char *response, uint32_t *mode,
+					struct strbuf *dataref)
+{
+	const char *tab;
+	const char *response_end;
+
+	assert(response);
+	response_end = response + strlen(response);
+
+	if (*response == 'm') {	/* Missing. */
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Mode. */
+	if (response_end - response < (signed) strlen("100644") ||
+	    response[strlen("100644")] != ' ')
+		die("invalid ls response: missing mode: %s", response);
+	*mode = 0;
+	for (; *response != ' '; response++) {
+		char ch = *response;
+		if (ch < '0' || ch > '7')
+			die("invalid ls response: mode is not octal: %s", response);
+		*mode *= 8;
+		*mode += ch - '0';
+	}
+
+	/* ' blob ' or ' tree ' */
+	if (response_end - response < (signed) strlen(" blob ") ||
+	    (response[1] != 'b' && response[1] != 't'))
+		die("unexpected ls response: not a tree or blob: %s", response);
+	response += strlen(" blob ");
+
+	/* Dataref. */
+	tab = memchr(response, '\t', response_end - response);
+	if (!tab)
+		die("invalid ls response: missing tab: %s", response);
+	strbuf_add(dataref, response, tab - response);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int fast_export_ls_rev(uint32_t rev, const char *path,
+				uint32_t *mode, struct strbuf *dataref)
+{
+	ls_from_rev(rev, path);
+	return parse_ls_response(get_response_line(), mode, dataref);
+}
+
+int fast_export_ls(const char *path, uint32_t *mode, struct strbuf *dataref)
+{
+	ls_from_active_commit(path);
+	return parse_ls_response(get_response_line(), mode, dataref);
+}
+
+void fast_export_blob_delta(uint32_t mode,
+				uint32_t old_mode, const char *old_data,
+				off_t len, struct line_buffer *input)
+{
+	long postimage_len;
+
+	assert(len >= 0);
+	postimage_len = apply_delta(len, input, old_data, old_mode);
+	if (mode == REPO_MODE_LNK) {
+		buffer_skip_bytes(&postimage, strlen("link "));
+		postimage_len -= strlen("link ");
+	}
+	printf("data %ld\n", postimage_len);
+	buffer_copy_bytes(&postimage, postimage_len);
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
diff --git a/vcs-svn/fast_export.h b/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
index 33a8fe996f..c8b5adb811 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
@@ -1,16 +1,31 @@
 #ifndef FAST_EXPORT_H_
 #define FAST_EXPORT_H_
 
-#include "line_buffer.h"
 struct strbuf;
+struct line_buffer;
 
-void fast_export_delete(uint32_t depth, uint32_t *path);
-void fast_export_modify(uint32_t depth, uint32_t *path, uint32_t mode,
-			uint32_t mark);
-void fast_export_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
-			const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid,
-			const char *url, unsigned long timestamp);
-void fast_export_blob(uint32_t mode, uint32_t mark, uint32_t len,
-		      struct line_buffer *input);
+void fast_export_init(int fd);
+void fast_export_deinit(void);
+
+void fast_export_delete(const char *path);
+void fast_export_modify(const char *path, uint32_t mode, const char *dataref);
+void fast_export_note(const char *committish, const char *dataref);
+void fast_export_begin_note(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+		const char *log, unsigned long timestamp, const char *note_ref);
+void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+			const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid,const char *url,
+			unsigned long timestamp, const char *local_ref);
+void fast_export_end_commit(uint32_t revision);
+void fast_export_data(uint32_t mode, off_t len, struct line_buffer *input);
+void fast_export_buf_to_data(const struct strbuf *data);
+void fast_export_blob_delta(uint32_t mode,
+			uint32_t old_mode, const char *old_data,
+			off_t len, struct line_buffer *input);
+
+/* If there is no such file at that rev, returns -1, errno == ENOENT. */
+int fast_export_ls_rev(uint32_t rev, const char *path,
+			uint32_t *mode_out, struct strbuf *dataref_out);
+int fast_export_ls(const char *path,
+			uint32_t *mode_out, struct strbuf *dataref_out);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
index c39038723e..e416caf8a4 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ long buffer_tmpfile_prepare_to_read(struct line_buffer *buf)
 {
 	long pos = ftell(buf->infile);
 	if (pos < 0)
-		return error("ftell error: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno("ftell error");
 	if (fseek(buf->infile, 0, SEEK_SET))
-		return error("seek error: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return error_errno("seek error");
 	return pos;
 }
 
@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ char *buffer_read_line(struct line_buffer *buf)
 	return buf->line_buffer;
 }
 
-void buffer_read_binary(struct line_buffer *buf,
-				struct strbuf *sb, uint32_t size)
+size_t buffer_read_binary(struct line_buffer *buf,
+				struct strbuf *sb, size_t size)
 {
-	strbuf_fread(sb, size, buf->infile);
+	return strbuf_fread(sb, size, buf->infile);
 }
 
 off_t buffer_copy_bytes(struct line_buffer *buf, off_t nbytes)
@@ -124,7 +124,3 @@ off_t buffer_skip_bytes(struct line_buffer *buf, off_t nbytes)
 	}
 	return done;
 }
-
-void buffer_reset(struct line_buffer *buf)
-{
-}
diff --git a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
index d0b22dda76..ee23b4f490 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ struct line_buffer {
 int buffer_init(struct line_buffer *buf, const char *filename);
 int buffer_fdinit(struct line_buffer *buf, int fd);
 int buffer_deinit(struct line_buffer *buf);
-void buffer_reset(struct line_buffer *buf);
 
 int buffer_tmpfile_init(struct line_buffer *buf);
 FILE *buffer_tmpfile_rewind(struct line_buffer *buf);	/* prepare to write. */
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ long buffer_tmpfile_prepare_to_read(struct line_buffer *buf);
 int buffer_ferror(struct line_buffer *buf);
 char *buffer_read_line(struct line_buffer *buf);
 int buffer_read_char(struct line_buffer *buf);
-void buffer_read_binary(struct line_buffer *buf, struct strbuf *sb, uint32_t len);
+size_t buffer_read_binary(struct line_buffer *buf, struct strbuf *sb, size_t len);
 /* Returns number of bytes read (not necessarily written). */
 off_t buffer_copy_bytes(struct line_buffer *buf, off_t len);
 off_t buffer_skip_bytes(struct line_buffer *buf, off_t len);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/obj_pool.h b/vcs-svn/obj_pool.h
deleted file mode 100644
index deb6eb8135..0000000000
--- a/vcs-svn/obj_pool.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed under a two-clause BSD-style license.
- * See LICENSE for details.
- */
-
-#ifndef OBJ_POOL_H_
-#define OBJ_POOL_H_
-
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
-
-#define MAYBE_UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
-
-#define obj_pool_gen(pre, obj_t, initial_capacity) \
-static struct { \
-	uint32_t committed; \
-	uint32_t size; \
-	uint32_t capacity; \
-	obj_t *base; \
-} pre##_pool = {0, 0, 0, NULL}; \
-static MAYBE_UNUSED uint32_t pre##_alloc(uint32_t count) \
-{ \
-	uint32_t offset; \
-	if (pre##_pool.size + count > pre##_pool.capacity) { \
-		while (pre##_pool.size + count > pre##_pool.capacity) \
-			if (pre##_pool.capacity) \
-				pre##_pool.capacity *= 2; \
-			else \
-				pre##_pool.capacity = initial_capacity; \
-		pre##_pool.base = realloc(pre##_pool.base, \
-					pre##_pool.capacity * sizeof(obj_t)); \
-	} \
-	offset = pre##_pool.size; \
-	pre##_pool.size += count; \
-	return offset; \
-} \
-static MAYBE_UNUSED void pre##_free(uint32_t count) \
-{ \
-	pre##_pool.size -= count; \
-} \
-static MAYBE_UNUSED uint32_t pre##_offset(obj_t *obj) \
-{ \
-	return obj == NULL ? ~0 : obj - pre##_pool.base; \
-} \
-static MAYBE_UNUSED obj_t *pre##_pointer(uint32_t offset) \
-{ \
-	return offset >= pre##_pool.size ? NULL : &pre##_pool.base[offset]; \
-} \
-static MAYBE_UNUSED void pre##_commit(void) \
-{ \
-	pre##_pool.committed = pre##_pool.size; \
-} \
-static MAYBE_UNUSED void pre##_reset(void) \
-{ \
-	free(pre##_pool.base); \
-	pre##_pool.base = NULL; \
-	pre##_pool.size = 0; \
-	pre##_pool.capacity = 0; \
-	pre##_pool.committed = 0; \
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/vcs-svn/repo_tree.c b/vcs-svn/repo_tree.c
index a21d89de97..67d27f0b6c 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/repo_tree.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/repo_tree.c
@@ -4,323 +4,45 @@
  */
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
-
-#include "string_pool.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
 #include "repo_tree.h"
-#include "obj_pool.h"
 #include "fast_export.h"
 
-#include "trp.h"
-
-struct repo_dirent {
-	uint32_t name_offset;
-	struct trp_node children;
-	uint32_t mode;
-	uint32_t content_offset;
-};
-
-struct repo_dir {
-	struct trp_root entries;
-};
-
-struct repo_commit {
-	uint32_t root_dir_offset;
-};
-
-/* Memory pools for commit, dir and dirent */
-obj_pool_gen(commit, struct repo_commit, 4096)
-obj_pool_gen(dir, struct repo_dir, 4096)
-obj_pool_gen(dent, struct repo_dirent, 4096)
-
-static uint32_t active_commit;
-static uint32_t mark;
-
-static int repo_dirent_name_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
-
-/* Treap for directory entries */
-trp_gen(static, dent_, struct repo_dirent, children, dent, repo_dirent_name_cmp)
-
-uint32_t next_blob_mark(void)
+const char *repo_read_path(const char *path, uint32_t *mode_out)
 {
-	return mark++;
-}
+	int err;
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-static struct repo_dir *repo_commit_root_dir(struct repo_commit *commit)
-{
-	return dir_pointer(commit->root_dir_offset);
-}
-
-static struct repo_dirent *repo_first_dirent(struct repo_dir *dir)
-{
-	return dent_first(&dir->entries);
-}
-
-static int repo_dirent_name_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	const struct repo_dirent *dent1 = a, *dent2 = b;
-	uint32_t a_offset = dent1->name_offset;
-	uint32_t b_offset = dent2->name_offset;
-	return (a_offset > b_offset) - (a_offset < b_offset);
-}
-
-static int repo_dirent_is_dir(struct repo_dirent *dent)
-{
-	return dent != NULL && dent->mode == REPO_MODE_DIR;
-}
-
-static struct repo_dir *repo_dir_from_dirent(struct repo_dirent *dent)
-{
-	if (!repo_dirent_is_dir(dent))
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	err = fast_export_ls(path, mode_out, &buf);
+	if (err) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			die_errno("BUG: unexpected fast_export_ls error");
+		/* Treat missing paths as directories. */
+		*mode_out = REPO_MODE_DIR;
 		return NULL;
-	return dir_pointer(dent->content_offset);
-}
-
-static struct repo_dir *repo_clone_dir(struct repo_dir *orig_dir)
-{
-	uint32_t orig_o, new_o;
-	orig_o = dir_offset(orig_dir);
-	if (orig_o >= dir_pool.committed)
-		return orig_dir;
-	new_o = dir_alloc(1);
-	orig_dir = dir_pointer(orig_o);
-	*dir_pointer(new_o) = *orig_dir;
-	return dir_pointer(new_o);
-}
-
-static struct repo_dirent *repo_read_dirent(uint32_t revision,
-					    const uint32_t *path)
-{
-	uint32_t name = 0;
-	struct repo_dirent *key = dent_pointer(dent_alloc(1));
-	struct repo_dir *dir = NULL;
-	struct repo_dirent *dent = NULL;
-	dir = repo_commit_root_dir(commit_pointer(revision));
-	while (~(name = *path++)) {
-		key->name_offset = name;
-		dent = dent_search(&dir->entries, key);
-		if (dent == NULL || !repo_dirent_is_dir(dent))
-			break;
-		dir = repo_dir_from_dirent(dent);
 	}
-	dent_free(1);
-	return dent;
+	return buf.buf;
 }
 
-static void repo_write_dirent(const uint32_t *path, uint32_t mode,
-			      uint32_t content_offset, uint32_t del)
+void repo_copy(uint32_t revision, const char *src, const char *dst)
 {
-	uint32_t name, revision, dir_o = ~0, parent_dir_o = ~0;
-	struct repo_dir *dir;
-	struct repo_dirent *key;
-	struct repo_dirent *dent = NULL;
-	revision = active_commit;
-	dir = repo_commit_root_dir(commit_pointer(revision));
-	dir = repo_clone_dir(dir);
-	commit_pointer(revision)->root_dir_offset = dir_offset(dir);
-	while (~(name = *path++)) {
-		parent_dir_o = dir_offset(dir);
-
-		key = dent_pointer(dent_alloc(1));
-		key->name_offset = name;
-
-		dent = dent_search(&dir->entries, key);
-		if (dent == NULL)
-			dent = key;
-		else
-			dent_free(1);
-
-		if (dent == key) {
-			dent->mode = REPO_MODE_DIR;
-			dent->content_offset = 0;
-			dent = dent_insert(&dir->entries, dent);
-		}
-
-		if (dent_offset(dent) < dent_pool.committed) {
-			dir_o = repo_dirent_is_dir(dent) ?
-					dent->content_offset : ~0;
-			dent_remove(&dir->entries, dent);
-			dent = dent_pointer(dent_alloc(1));
-			dent->name_offset = name;
-			dent->mode = REPO_MODE_DIR;
-			dent->content_offset = dir_o;
-			dent = dent_insert(&dir->entries, dent);
-		}
-
-		dir = repo_dir_from_dirent(dent);
-		dir = repo_clone_dir(dir);
-		dent->content_offset = dir_offset(dir);
-	}
-	if (dent == NULL)
+	int err;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	static struct strbuf data = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&data);
+	err = fast_export_ls_rev(revision, src, &mode, &data);
+	if (err) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			die_errno("BUG: unexpected fast_export_ls_rev error");
+		fast_export_delete(dst);
 		return;
-	dent->mode = mode;
-	dent->content_offset = content_offset;
-	if (del && ~parent_dir_o)
-		dent_remove(&dir_pointer(parent_dir_o)->entries, dent);
-}
-
-uint32_t repo_read_path(const uint32_t *path)
-{
-	uint32_t content_offset = 0;
-	struct repo_dirent *dent = repo_read_dirent(active_commit, path);
-	if (dent != NULL)
-		content_offset = dent->content_offset;
-	return content_offset;
-}
-
-uint32_t repo_read_mode(const uint32_t *path)
-{
-	struct repo_dirent *dent = repo_read_dirent(active_commit, path);
-	if (dent == NULL)
-		die("invalid dump: path to be modified is missing");
-	return dent->mode;
-}
-
-void repo_copy(uint32_t revision, const uint32_t *src, const uint32_t *dst)
-{
-	uint32_t mode = 0, content_offset = 0;
-	struct repo_dirent *src_dent;
-	src_dent = repo_read_dirent(revision, src);
-	if (src_dent != NULL) {
-		mode = src_dent->mode;
-		content_offset = src_dent->content_offset;
-		repo_write_dirent(dst, mode, content_offset, 0);
-	}
-}
-
-void repo_add(uint32_t *path, uint32_t mode, uint32_t blob_mark)
-{
-	repo_write_dirent(path, mode, blob_mark, 0);
-}
-
-void repo_delete(uint32_t *path)
-{
-	repo_write_dirent(path, 0, 0, 1);
-}
-
-static void repo_git_add_r(uint32_t depth, uint32_t *path, struct repo_dir *dir);
-
-static void repo_git_add(uint32_t depth, uint32_t *path, struct repo_dirent *dent)
-{
-	if (repo_dirent_is_dir(dent))
-		repo_git_add_r(depth, path, repo_dir_from_dirent(dent));
-	else
-		fast_export_modify(depth, path,
-				   dent->mode, dent->content_offset);
-}
-
-static void repo_git_add_r(uint32_t depth, uint32_t *path, struct repo_dir *dir)
-{
-	struct repo_dirent *de = repo_first_dirent(dir);
-	while (de) {
-		path[depth] = de->name_offset;
-		repo_git_add(depth + 1, path, de);
-		de = dent_next(&dir->entries, de);
-	}
-}
-
-static void repo_diff_r(uint32_t depth, uint32_t *path, struct repo_dir *dir1,
-			struct repo_dir *dir2)
-{
-	struct repo_dirent *de1, *de2;
-	de1 = repo_first_dirent(dir1);
-	de2 = repo_first_dirent(dir2);
-
-	while (de1 && de2) {
-		if (de1->name_offset < de2->name_offset) {
-			path[depth] = de1->name_offset;
-			fast_export_delete(depth + 1, path);
-			de1 = dent_next(&dir1->entries, de1);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (de1->name_offset > de2->name_offset) {
-			path[depth] = de2->name_offset;
-			repo_git_add(depth + 1, path, de2);
-			de2 = dent_next(&dir2->entries, de2);
-			continue;
-		}
-		path[depth] = de1->name_offset;
-
-		if (de1->mode == de2->mode &&
-		    de1->content_offset == de2->content_offset) {
-			; /* No change. */
-		} else if (repo_dirent_is_dir(de1) && repo_dirent_is_dir(de2)) {
-			repo_diff_r(depth + 1, path,
-				    repo_dir_from_dirent(de1),
-				    repo_dir_from_dirent(de2));
-		} else if (!repo_dirent_is_dir(de1) && !repo_dirent_is_dir(de2)) {
-			repo_git_add(depth + 1, path, de2);
-		} else {
-			fast_export_delete(depth + 1, path);
-			repo_git_add(depth + 1, path, de2);
-		}
-		de1 = dent_next(&dir1->entries, de1);
-		de2 = dent_next(&dir2->entries, de2);
-	}
-	while (de1) {
-		path[depth] = de1->name_offset;
-		fast_export_delete(depth + 1, path);
-		de1 = dent_next(&dir1->entries, de1);
-	}
-	while (de2) {
-		path[depth] = de2->name_offset;
-		repo_git_add(depth + 1, path, de2);
-		de2 = dent_next(&dir2->entries, de2);
-	}
-}
-
-static uint32_t path_stack[REPO_MAX_PATH_DEPTH];
-
-void repo_diff(uint32_t r1, uint32_t r2)
-{
-	repo_diff_r(0,
-		    path_stack,
-		    repo_commit_root_dir(commit_pointer(r1)),
-		    repo_commit_root_dir(commit_pointer(r2)));
-}
-
-void repo_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
-		const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid, const char *url,
-		unsigned long timestamp)
-{
-	fast_export_commit(revision, author, log, uuid, url, timestamp);
-	dent_commit();
-	dir_commit();
-	active_commit = commit_alloc(1);
-	commit_pointer(active_commit)->root_dir_offset =
-		commit_pointer(active_commit - 1)->root_dir_offset;
-}
-
-static void mark_init(void)
-{
-	uint32_t i;
-	mark = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < dent_pool.size; i++)
-		if (!repo_dirent_is_dir(dent_pointer(i)) &&
-		    dent_pointer(i)->content_offset > mark)
-			mark = dent_pointer(i)->content_offset;
-	mark++;
-}
-
-void repo_init(void)
-{
-	mark_init();
-	if (commit_pool.size == 0) {
-		/* Create empty tree for commit 0. */
-		commit_alloc(1);
-		commit_pointer(0)->root_dir_offset = dir_alloc(1);
-		dir_pointer(0)->entries.trp_root = ~0;
-		dir_commit();
 	}
-	/* Preallocate next commit, ready for changes. */
-	active_commit = commit_alloc(1);
-	commit_pointer(active_commit)->root_dir_offset =
-		commit_pointer(active_commit - 1)->root_dir_offset;
+	fast_export_modify(dst, mode, data.buf);
 }
 
-void repo_reset(void)
+void repo_delete(const char *path)
 {
-	pool_reset();
-	commit_reset();
-	dir_reset();
-	dent_reset();
+	fast_export_delete(path);
 }
diff --git a/vcs-svn/repo_tree.h b/vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
index 37bde2e374..889c6a3c95 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
@@ -8,15 +8,11 @@ struct strbuf;
 #define REPO_MODE_EXE 0100755
 #define REPO_MODE_LNK 0120000
 
-#define REPO_MAX_PATH_LEN 4096
-#define REPO_MAX_PATH_DEPTH 1000
-
 uint32_t next_blob_mark(void);
-void repo_copy(uint32_t revision, const uint32_t *src, const uint32_t *dst);
-void repo_add(uint32_t *path, uint32_t mode, uint32_t blob_mark);
-uint32_t repo_read_path(const uint32_t *path);
-uint32_t repo_read_mode(const uint32_t *path);
-void repo_delete(uint32_t *path);
+void repo_copy(uint32_t revision, const char *src, const char *dst);
+void repo_add(const char *path, uint32_t mode, uint32_t blob_mark);
+const char *repo_read_path(const char *path, uint32_t *mode_out);
+void repo_delete(const char *path);
 void repo_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
 		const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid, const char *url,
 		long unsigned timestamp);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c b/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06d273c9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed under a two-clause BSD-style license.
+ * See LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "sliding_window.h"
+#include "line_buffer.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+static int input_error(struct line_buffer *file)
+{
+	if (!buffer_ferror(file))
+		return error("delta preimage ends early");
+	return error_errno("cannot read delta preimage");
+}
+
+static int skip_or_whine(struct line_buffer *file, off_t gap)
+{
+	if (buffer_skip_bytes(file, gap) != gap)
+		return input_error(file);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_to_fill_or_whine(struct line_buffer *file,
+				struct strbuf *buf, size_t width)
+{
+	buffer_read_binary(file, buf, width - buf->len);
+	if (buf->len != width)
+		return input_error(file);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_offset_overflow(off_t offset, uintmax_t len)
+{
+	if (len > maximum_signed_value_of_type(off_t))
+		return error("unrepresentable length in delta: "
+				"%"PRIuMAX" > OFF_MAX", len);
+	if (signed_add_overflows(offset, (off_t) len))
+		return error("unrepresentable offset in delta: "
+				"%"PRIuMAX" + %"PRIuMAX" > OFF_MAX",
+				(uintmax_t) offset, len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int move_window(struct sliding_view *view, off_t off, size_t width)
+{
+	off_t file_offset;
+	assert(view);
+	assert(view->width <= view->buf.len);
+	assert(!check_offset_overflow(view->off, view->buf.len));
+
+	if (check_offset_overflow(off, width))
+		return -1;
+	if (off < view->off || off + width < view->off + view->width)
+		return error("invalid delta: window slides left");
+	if (view->max_off >= 0 && view->max_off < off + (off_t) width)
+		return error("delta preimage ends early");
+
+	file_offset = view->off + view->buf.len;
+	if (off < file_offset) {
+		/* Move the overlapping region into place. */
+		strbuf_remove(&view->buf, 0, off - view->off);
+	} else {
+		/* Seek ahead to skip the gap. */
+		if (skip_or_whine(view->file, off - file_offset))
+			return -1;
+		strbuf_setlen(&view->buf, 0);
+	}
+
+	if (view->buf.len > width)
+		; /* Already read. */
+	else if (read_to_fill_or_whine(view->file, &view->buf, width))
+		return -1;
+
+	view->off = off;
+	view->width = width;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/vcs-svn/sliding_window.h b/vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b43a825cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef SLIDING_WINDOW_H_
+#define SLIDING_WINDOW_H_
+
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+struct sliding_view {
+	struct line_buffer *file;
+	off_t off;
+	size_t width;
+	off_t max_off;	/* -1 means unlimited */
+	struct strbuf buf;
+};
+
+#define SLIDING_VIEW_INIT(input, len)	{ (input), 0, 0, (len), STRBUF_INIT }
+
+extern int move_window(struct sliding_view *view, off_t off, size_t width);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/vcs-svn/string_pool.c b/vcs-svn/string_pool.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 8af8d54d6e..0000000000
--- a/vcs-svn/string_pool.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed under a two-clause BSD-style license.
- * See LICENSE for details.
- */
-
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "trp.h"
-#include "obj_pool.h"
-#include "string_pool.h"
-
-static struct trp_root tree = { ~0 };
-
-struct node {
-	uint32_t offset;
-	struct trp_node children;
-};
-
-/* Two memory pools: one for struct node, and another for strings */
-obj_pool_gen(node, struct node, 4096)
-obj_pool_gen(string, char, 4096)
-
-static char *node_value(struct node *node)
-{
-	return node ? string_pointer(node->offset) : NULL;
-}
-
-static int node_cmp(struct node *a, struct node *b)
-{
-	return strcmp(node_value(a), node_value(b));
-}
-
-/* Build a Treap from the node structure (a trp_node w/ offset) */
-trp_gen(static, tree_, struct node, children, node, node_cmp)
-
-const char *pool_fetch(uint32_t entry)
-{
-	return node_value(node_pointer(entry));
-}
-
-uint32_t pool_intern(const char *key)
-{
-	/* Canonicalize key */
-	struct node *match = NULL, *node;
-	uint32_t key_len;
-	if (key == NULL)
-		return ~0;
-	key_len = strlen(key) + 1;
-	node = node_pointer(node_alloc(1));
-	node->offset = string_alloc(key_len);
-	strcpy(node_value(node), key);
-	match = tree_search(&tree, node);
-	if (!match) {
-		tree_insert(&tree, node);
-	} else {
-		node_free(1);
-		string_free(key_len);
-		node = match;
-	}
-	return node_offset(node);
-}
-
-uint32_t pool_tok_r(char *str, const char *delim, char **saveptr)
-{
-	char *token = strtok_r(str, delim, saveptr);
-	return token ? pool_intern(token) : ~0;
-}
-
-void pool_print_seq(uint32_t len, uint32_t *seq, char delim, FILE *stream)
-{
-	uint32_t i;
-	for (i = 0; i < len && ~seq[i]; i++) {
-		fputs(pool_fetch(seq[i]), stream);
-		if (i < len - 1 && ~seq[i + 1])
-			fputc(delim, stream);
-	}
-}
-
-uint32_t pool_tok_seq(uint32_t sz, uint32_t *seq, const char *delim, char *str)
-{
-	char *context = NULL;
-	uint32_t token = ~0;
-	uint32_t length;
-
-	if (sz == 0)
-		return ~0;
-	if (str)
-		token = pool_tok_r(str, delim, &context);
-	for (length = 0; length < sz; length++) {
-		seq[length] = token;
-		if (token == ~0)
-			return length;
-		token = pool_tok_r(NULL, delim, &context);
-	}
-	seq[sz - 1] = ~0;
-	return sz;
-}
-
-void pool_reset(void)
-{
-	node_reset();
-	string_reset();
-}
diff --git a/vcs-svn/string_pool.h b/vcs-svn/string_pool.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 222fb66e68..0000000000
--- a/vcs-svn/string_pool.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STRING_POOL_H_
-#define STRING_POOL_H_
-
-uint32_t pool_intern(const char *key);
-const char *pool_fetch(uint32_t entry);
-uint32_t pool_tok_r(char *str, const char *delim, char **saveptr);
-void pool_print_seq(uint32_t len, uint32_t *seq, char delim, FILE *stream);
-uint32_t pool_tok_seq(uint32_t sz, uint32_t *seq, const char *delim, char *str);
-void pool_reset(void);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/vcs-svn/string_pool.txt b/vcs-svn/string_pool.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b41f15628..0000000000
--- a/vcs-svn/string_pool.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-string_pool API
-===============
-
-The string_pool API provides facilities for replacing strings
-with integer keys that can be more easily compared and stored.
-The facilities are designed so that one could teach Git without
-too much trouble to store the information needed for these keys to
-remain valid over multiple executions.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-pool_intern::
-	Include a string in the string pool and get its key.
-	If that string is already in the pool, retrieves its
-	existing key.
-
-pool_fetch::
-	Retrieve the string associated to a given key.
-
-pool_tok_r::
-	Extract the key of the next token from a string.
-	Interface mimics strtok_r.
-
-pool_print_seq::
-	Print a sequence of strings named by key to a file, using the
-	specified delimiter to separate them.
-
-	If NULL (key ~0) appears in the sequence, the sequence ends
-	early.
-
-pool_tok_seq::
-	Split a string into tokens, storing the keys of segments
-	into a caller-provided array.
-
-	Unless sz is 0, the array will always be ~0-terminated.
-	If there is not enough room for all the tokens, the
-	array holds as many tokens as fit in the entries before
-	the terminating ~0.  Return value is the index after the
-	last token, or sz if the tokens did not fit.
-
-pool_reset::
-	Deallocate storage for the string pool.
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndiff.c b/vcs-svn/svndiff.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75c753162a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndiff.c
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed under a two-clause BSD-style license.
+ * See LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "sliding_window.h"
+#include "line_buffer.h"
+#include "svndiff.h"
+
+/*
+ * svndiff0 applier
+ *
+ * See http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/trunk/notes/svndiff.
+ *
+ * svndiff0 ::= 'SVN\0' window*
+ * window ::= int int int int int instructions inline_data;
+ * instructions ::= instruction*;
+ * instruction ::= view_selector int int
+ *   | copyfrom_data int
+ *   | packed_view_selector int
+ *   | packed_copyfrom_data
+ *   ;
+ * view_selector ::= copyfrom_source
+ *   | copyfrom_target
+ *   ;
+ * copyfrom_source ::= # binary 00 000000;
+ * copyfrom_target ::= # binary 01 000000;
+ * copyfrom_data ::= # binary 10 000000;
+ * packed_view_selector ::= # view_selector OR-ed with 6 bit value;
+ * packed_copyfrom_data ::= # copyfrom_data OR-ed with 6 bit value;
+ * int ::= highdigit* lowdigit;
+ * highdigit ::= # binary 1000 0000 OR-ed with 7 bit value;
+ * lowdigit ::= # 7 bit value;
+ */
+
+#define INSN_MASK	0xc0
+#define INSN_COPYFROM_SOURCE	0x00
+#define INSN_COPYFROM_TARGET	0x40
+#define INSN_COPYFROM_DATA	0x80
+#define OPERAND_MASK	0x3f
+
+#define VLI_CONTINUE	0x80
+#define VLI_DIGIT_MASK	0x7f
+#define VLI_BITS_PER_DIGIT 7
+
+struct window {
+	struct sliding_view *in;
+	struct strbuf out;
+	struct strbuf instructions;
+	struct strbuf data;
+};
+
+#define WINDOW_INIT(w)	{ (w), STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT }
+
+static void window_release(struct window *ctx)
+{
+	strbuf_release(&ctx->out);
+	strbuf_release(&ctx->instructions);
+	strbuf_release(&ctx->data);
+}
+
+static int write_strbuf(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *out)
+{
+	if (fwrite(sb->buf, 1, sb->len, out) == sb->len)	/* Success. */
+		return 0;
+	return error_errno("cannot write delta postimage");
+}
+
+static int error_short_read(struct line_buffer *input)
+{
+	if (buffer_ferror(input))
+		return error_errno("error reading delta");
+	return error("invalid delta: unexpected end of file");
+}
+
+static int read_chunk(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t *delta_len,
+		      struct strbuf *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	assert(*delta_len >= 0);
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	if (len > (uintmax_t) *delta_len ||
+	    buffer_read_binary(delta, buf, len) != len)
+		return error_short_read(delta);
+	*delta_len -= buf->len;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_magic(struct line_buffer *in, off_t *len)
+{
+	static const char magic[] = {'S', 'V', 'N', '\0'};
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (read_chunk(in, len, &sb, sizeof(magic))) {
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (memcmp(sb.buf, magic, sizeof(magic))) {
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return error("invalid delta: unrecognized file type");
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_int(struct line_buffer *in, uintmax_t *result, off_t *len)
+{
+	uintmax_t rv = 0;
+	off_t sz;
+	for (sz = *len; sz; sz--) {
+		const int ch = buffer_read_char(in);
+		if (ch == EOF)
+			break;
+
+		rv <<= VLI_BITS_PER_DIGIT;
+		rv += (ch & VLI_DIGIT_MASK);
+		if (ch & VLI_CONTINUE)
+			continue;
+
+		*result = rv;
+		*len = sz - 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return error_short_read(in);
+}
+
+static int parse_int(const char **buf, size_t *result, const char *end)
+{
+	size_t rv = 0;
+	const char *pos;
+	for (pos = *buf; pos != end; pos++) {
+		unsigned char ch = *pos;
+
+		rv <<= VLI_BITS_PER_DIGIT;
+		rv += (ch & VLI_DIGIT_MASK);
+		if (ch & VLI_CONTINUE)
+			continue;
+
+		*result = rv;
+		*buf = pos + 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return error("invalid delta: unexpected end of instructions section");
+}
+
+static int read_offset(struct line_buffer *in, off_t *result, off_t *len)
+{
+	uintmax_t val;
+	if (read_int(in, &val, len))
+		return -1;
+	if (val > maximum_signed_value_of_type(off_t))
+		return error("unrepresentable offset in delta: %"PRIuMAX"", val);
+	*result = val;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_length(struct line_buffer *in, size_t *result, off_t *len)
+{
+	uintmax_t val;
+	if (read_int(in, &val, len))
+		return -1;
+	if (val > SIZE_MAX)
+		return error("unrepresentable length in delta: %"PRIuMAX"", val);
+	*result = val;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int copyfrom_source(struct window *ctx, const char **instructions,
+			   size_t nbytes, const char *insns_end)
+{
+	size_t offset;
+	if (parse_int(instructions, &offset, insns_end))
+		return -1;
+	if (unsigned_add_overflows(offset, nbytes) ||
+	    offset + nbytes > ctx->in->width)
+		return error("invalid delta: copies source data outside view");
+	strbuf_add(&ctx->out, ctx->in->buf.buf + offset, nbytes);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int copyfrom_target(struct window *ctx, const char **instructions,
+			   size_t nbytes, const char *instructions_end)
+{
+	size_t offset;
+	if (parse_int(instructions, &offset, instructions_end))
+		return -1;
+	if (offset >= ctx->out.len)
+		return error("invalid delta: copies from the future");
+	for (; nbytes > 0; nbytes--)
+		strbuf_addch(&ctx->out, ctx->out.buf[offset++]);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int copyfrom_data(struct window *ctx, size_t *data_pos, size_t nbytes)
+{
+	const size_t pos = *data_pos;
+	if (unsigned_add_overflows(pos, nbytes) ||
+	    pos + nbytes > ctx->data.len)
+		return error("invalid delta: copies unavailable inline data");
+	strbuf_add(&ctx->out, ctx->data.buf + pos, nbytes);
+	*data_pos += nbytes;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_first_operand(const char **buf, size_t *out, const char *end)
+{
+	size_t result = (unsigned char) *(*buf)++ & OPERAND_MASK;
+	if (result) {	/* immediate operand */
+		*out = result;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return parse_int(buf, out, end);
+}
+
+static int execute_one_instruction(struct window *ctx,
+				const char **instructions, size_t *data_pos)
+{
+	unsigned int instruction;
+	const char *insns_end = ctx->instructions.buf + ctx->instructions.len;
+	size_t nbytes;
+	assert(ctx);
+	assert(instructions && *instructions);
+	assert(data_pos);
+
+	instruction = (unsigned char) **instructions;
+	if (parse_first_operand(instructions, &nbytes, insns_end))
+		return -1;
+	switch (instruction & INSN_MASK) {
+	case INSN_COPYFROM_SOURCE:
+		return copyfrom_source(ctx, instructions, nbytes, insns_end);
+	case INSN_COPYFROM_TARGET:
+		return copyfrom_target(ctx, instructions, nbytes, insns_end);
+	case INSN_COPYFROM_DATA:
+		return copyfrom_data(ctx, data_pos, nbytes);
+	default:
+		return error("invalid delta: unrecognized instruction");
+	}
+}
+
+static int apply_window_in_core(struct window *ctx)
+{
+	const char *instructions;
+	size_t data_pos = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Fill ctx->out.buf using data from the source, target,
+	 * and inline data views.
+	 */
+	for (instructions = ctx->instructions.buf;
+	     instructions != ctx->instructions.buf + ctx->instructions.len;
+	     )
+		if (execute_one_instruction(ctx, &instructions, &data_pos))
+			return -1;
+	if (data_pos != ctx->data.len)
+		return error("invalid delta: does not copy all inline data");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int apply_one_window(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t *delta_len,
+			    struct sliding_view *preimage, FILE *out)
+{
+	int rv = -1;
+	struct window ctx = WINDOW_INIT(preimage);
+	size_t out_len;
+	size_t instructions_len;
+	size_t data_len;
+	assert(delta_len);
+
+	/* "source view" offset and length already handled; */
+	if (read_length(delta, &out_len, delta_len) ||
+	    read_length(delta, &instructions_len, delta_len) ||
+	    read_length(delta, &data_len, delta_len) ||
+	    read_chunk(delta, delta_len, &ctx.instructions, instructions_len) ||
+	    read_chunk(delta, delta_len, &ctx.data, data_len))
+		goto error_out;
+	strbuf_grow(&ctx.out, out_len);
+	if (apply_window_in_core(&ctx))
+		goto error_out;
+	if (ctx.out.len != out_len) {
+		rv = error("invalid delta: incorrect postimage length");
+		goto error_out;
+	}
+	if (write_strbuf(&ctx.out, out))
+		goto error_out;
+	rv = 0;
+error_out:
+	window_release(&ctx);
+	return rv;
+}
+
+int svndiff0_apply(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t delta_len,
+			struct sliding_view *preimage, FILE *postimage)
+{
+	assert(delta && preimage && postimage && delta_len >= 0);
+
+	if (read_magic(delta, &delta_len))
+		return -1;
+	while (delta_len) {	/* For each window: */
+		off_t pre_off = -1;
+		size_t pre_len;
+
+		if (read_offset(delta, &pre_off, &delta_len) ||
+		    read_length(delta, &pre_len, &delta_len) ||
+		    move_window(preimage, pre_off, pre_len) ||
+		    apply_one_window(delta, &delta_len, preimage, postimage))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndiff.h b/vcs-svn/svndiff.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74eb464bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndiff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef SVNDIFF_H_
+#define SVNDIFF_H_
+
+struct line_buffer;
+struct sliding_view;
+
+extern int svndiff0_apply(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t delta_len,
+		struct sliding_view *preimage, FILE *postimage);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndump.c b/vcs-svn/svndump.c
index bc792223b2..e4b395963b 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndump.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndump.c
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "repo_tree.h"
 #include "fast_export.h"
 #include "line_buffer.h"
-#include "string_pool.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "svndump.h"
 
@@ -21,31 +20,35 @@
  */
 #define constcmp(s, ref) memcmp(s, ref, sizeof(ref) - 1)
 
+#define REPORT_FILENO 3
+
 #define NODEACT_REPLACE 4
 #define NODEACT_DELETE 3
 #define NODEACT_ADD 2
 #define NODEACT_CHANGE 1
 #define NODEACT_UNKNOWN 0
 
-#define DUMP_CTX 0
-#define REV_CTX  1
-#define NODE_CTX 2
+/* States: */
+#define DUMP_CTX 0	/* dump metadata */
+#define REV_CTX  1	/* revision metadata */
+#define NODE_CTX 2	/* node metadata */
+#define INTERNODE_CTX 3	/* between nodes */
 
-#define LENGTH_UNKNOWN (~0)
 #define DATE_RFC2822_LEN 31
 
 static struct line_buffer input = LINE_BUFFER_INIT;
 
 static struct {
-	uint32_t action, propLength, textLength, srcRev, type;
-	uint32_t src[REPO_MAX_PATH_DEPTH], dst[REPO_MAX_PATH_DEPTH];
+	uint32_t action, srcRev, type;
+	off_t prop_length, text_length;
+	struct strbuf src, dst;
 	uint32_t text_delta, prop_delta;
 } node_ctx;
 
 static struct {
 	uint32_t revision;
 	unsigned long timestamp;
-	struct strbuf log, author;
+	struct strbuf log, author, note;
 } rev_ctx;
 
 static struct {
@@ -57,11 +60,13 @@ static void reset_node_ctx(char *fname)
 {
 	node_ctx.type = 0;
 	node_ctx.action = NODEACT_UNKNOWN;
-	node_ctx.propLength = LENGTH_UNKNOWN;
-	node_ctx.textLength = LENGTH_UNKNOWN;
-	node_ctx.src[0] = ~0;
+	node_ctx.prop_length = -1;
+	node_ctx.text_length = -1;
+	strbuf_reset(&node_ctx.src);
 	node_ctx.srcRev = 0;
-	pool_tok_seq(REPO_MAX_PATH_DEPTH, node_ctx.dst, "/", fname);
+	strbuf_reset(&node_ctx.dst);
+	if (fname)
+		strbuf_addstr(&node_ctx.dst, fname);
 	node_ctx.text_delta = 0;
 	node_ctx.prop_delta = 0;
 }
@@ -72,6 +77,7 @@ static void reset_rev_ctx(uint32_t revision)
 	rev_ctx.timestamp = 0;
 	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.log);
 	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.author);
+	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.note);
 }
 
 static void reset_dump_ctx(const char *url)
@@ -169,7 +175,7 @@ static void read_props(void)
 		int ch;
 
 		if (!type || t[1] != ' ')
-			die("invalid property line: %s\n", t);
+			die("invalid property line: %s", t);
 		len = atoi(&t[2]);
 		strbuf_reset(&val);
 		buffer_read_binary(&input, &val, len);
@@ -195,35 +201,39 @@ static void read_props(void)
 			strbuf_reset(&key);
 			continue;
 		default:
-			die("invalid property line: %s\n", t);
+			die("invalid property line: %s", t);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 static void handle_node(void)
 {
-	uint32_t mark = 0;
 	const uint32_t type = node_ctx.type;
-	const int have_props = node_ctx.propLength != LENGTH_UNKNOWN;
-	const int have_text = node_ctx.textLength != LENGTH_UNKNOWN;
+	const int have_props = node_ctx.prop_length != -1;
+	const int have_text = node_ctx.text_length != -1;
+	/*
+	 * Old text for this node:
+	 *  NULL	- directory or bug
+	 *  empty_blob	- empty
+	 *  "<dataref>"	- data retrievable from fast-import
+	 */
+	static const char *const empty_blob = "::empty::";
+	const char *old_data = NULL;
+	uint32_t old_mode = REPO_MODE_BLB;
 
-	if (node_ctx.text_delta)
-		die("text deltas not supported");
-	if (have_text)
-		mark = next_blob_mark();
 	if (node_ctx.action == NODEACT_DELETE) {
 		if (have_text || have_props || node_ctx.srcRev)
 			die("invalid dump: deletion node has "
 				"copyfrom info, text, or properties");
-		repo_delete(node_ctx.dst);
+		repo_delete(node_ctx.dst.buf);
 		return;
 	}
 	if (node_ctx.action == NODEACT_REPLACE) {
-		repo_delete(node_ctx.dst);
+		repo_delete(node_ctx.dst.buf);
 		node_ctx.action = NODEACT_ADD;
 	}
 	if (node_ctx.srcRev) {
-		repo_copy(node_ctx.srcRev, node_ctx.src, node_ctx.dst);
+		repo_copy(node_ctx.srcRev, node_ctx.src.buf, node_ctx.dst.buf);
 		if (node_ctx.action == NODEACT_ADD)
 			node_ctx.action = NODEACT_CHANGE;
 	}
@@ -231,23 +241,27 @@ static void handle_node(void)
 		die("invalid dump: directories cannot have text attached");
 
 	/*
-	 * Decide on the new content (mark) and mode (node_ctx.type).
+	 * Find old content (old_data) and decide on the new mode.
 	 */
-	if (node_ctx.action == NODEACT_CHANGE && !~*node_ctx.dst) {
+	if (node_ctx.action == NODEACT_CHANGE && !*node_ctx.dst.buf) {
 		if (type != REPO_MODE_DIR)
 			die("invalid dump: root of tree is not a regular file");
+		old_data = NULL;
 	} else if (node_ctx.action == NODEACT_CHANGE) {
 		uint32_t mode;
-		if (!have_text)
-			mark = repo_read_path(node_ctx.dst);
-		mode = repo_read_mode(node_ctx.dst);
+		old_data = repo_read_path(node_ctx.dst.buf, &mode);
 		if (mode == REPO_MODE_DIR && type != REPO_MODE_DIR)
 			die("invalid dump: cannot modify a directory into a file");
 		if (mode != REPO_MODE_DIR && type == REPO_MODE_DIR)
 			die("invalid dump: cannot modify a file into a directory");
 		node_ctx.type = mode;
+		old_mode = mode;
 	} else if (node_ctx.action == NODEACT_ADD) {
-		if (!have_text && type != REPO_MODE_DIR)
+		if (type == REPO_MODE_DIR)
+			old_data = NULL;
+		else if (have_text)
+			old_data = empty_blob;
+		else
 			die("invalid dump: adds node without text");
 	} else {
 		die("invalid dump: Node-path block lacks Node-action");
@@ -259,28 +273,56 @@ static void handle_node(void)
 	if (have_props) {
 		if (!node_ctx.prop_delta)
 			node_ctx.type = type;
-		if (node_ctx.propLength)
+		if (node_ctx.prop_length)
 			read_props();
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Save the result.
 	 */
-	repo_add(node_ctx.dst, node_ctx.type, mark);
-	if (have_text)
-		fast_export_blob(node_ctx.type, mark,
-				 node_ctx.textLength, &input);
+	if (type == REPO_MODE_DIR)	/* directories are not tracked. */
+		return;
+	assert(old_data);
+	if (old_data == empty_blob)
+		/* For the fast_export_* functions, NULL means empty. */
+		old_data = NULL;
+	if (!have_text) {
+		fast_export_modify(node_ctx.dst.buf, node_ctx.type, old_data);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!node_ctx.text_delta) {
+		fast_export_modify(node_ctx.dst.buf, node_ctx.type, "inline");
+		fast_export_data(node_ctx.type, node_ctx.text_length, &input);
+		return;
+	}
+	fast_export_modify(node_ctx.dst.buf, node_ctx.type, "inline");
+	fast_export_blob_delta(node_ctx.type, old_mode, old_data,
+				node_ctx.text_length, &input);
+}
+
+static void begin_revision(const char *remote_ref)
+{
+	if (!rev_ctx.revision)	/* revision 0 gets no git commit. */
+		return;
+	fast_export_begin_commit(rev_ctx.revision, rev_ctx.author.buf,
+		&rev_ctx.log, dump_ctx.uuid.buf, dump_ctx.url.buf,
+		rev_ctx.timestamp, remote_ref);
 }
 
-static void handle_revision(void)
+static void end_revision(const char *note_ref)
 {
-	if (rev_ctx.revision)
-		repo_commit(rev_ctx.revision, rev_ctx.author.buf,
-			&rev_ctx.log, dump_ctx.uuid.buf, dump_ctx.url.buf,
-			rev_ctx.timestamp);
+	struct strbuf mark = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (rev_ctx.revision) {
+		fast_export_end_commit(rev_ctx.revision);
+		fast_export_begin_note(rev_ctx.revision, "remote-svn",
+				"Note created by remote-svn.", rev_ctx.timestamp, note_ref);
+		strbuf_addf(&mark, ":%"PRIu32, rev_ctx.revision);
+		fast_export_note(mark.buf, "inline");
+		fast_export_buf_to_data(&rev_ctx.note);
+	}
 }
 
-void svndump_read(const char *url)
+void svndump_read(const char *url, const char *local_ref, const char *notes_ref)
 {
 	char *val;
 	char *t;
@@ -318,23 +360,30 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 				continue;
 			if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 				handle_node();
+			if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
+				begin_revision(local_ref);
 			if (active_ctx != DUMP_CTX)
-				handle_revision();
+				end_revision(notes_ref);
 			active_ctx = REV_CTX;
 			reset_rev_ctx(atoi(val));
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Node-path"):
-			if (prefixcmp(t, "Node-"))
+			if (constcmp(t, "Node-"))
 				continue;
 			if (!constcmp(t + strlen("Node-"), "path")) {
 				if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 					handle_node();
+				if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
+					begin_revision(local_ref);
 				active_ctx = NODE_CTX;
 				reset_node_ctx(val);
+				strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 				break;
 			}
 			if (constcmp(t + strlen("Node-"), "kind"))
 				continue;
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			if (!strcmp(val, "dir"))
 				node_ctx.type = REPO_MODE_DIR;
 			else if (!strcmp(val, "file"))
@@ -345,6 +394,7 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 		case sizeof("Node-action"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-action"))
 				continue;
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			if (!strcmp(val, "delete")) {
 				node_ctx.action = NODEACT_DELETE;
 			} else if (!strcmp(val, "add")) {
@@ -361,22 +411,37 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 		case sizeof("Node-copyfrom-path"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-copyfrom-path"))
 				continue;
-			pool_tok_seq(REPO_MAX_PATH_DEPTH, node_ctx.src, "/", val);
+			strbuf_reset(&node_ctx.src);
+			strbuf_addstr(&node_ctx.src, val);
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Node-copyfrom-rev"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-copyfrom-rev"))
 				continue;
 			node_ctx.srcRev = atoi(val);
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Text-content-length"):
-			if (!constcmp(t, "Text-content-length")) {
-				node_ctx.textLength = atoi(val);
+			if (constcmp(t, "Text") && constcmp(t, "Prop"))
+				continue;
+			if (constcmp(t + 4, "-content-length"))
+				continue;
+			{
+				char *end;
+				uintmax_t len;
+
+				len = strtoumax(val, &end, 10);
+				if (!isdigit(*val) || *end)
+					die("invalid dump: non-numeric length %s", val);
+				if (len > maximum_signed_value_of_type(off_t))
+					die("unrepresentable length in dump: %s", val);
+
+				if (*t == 'T')
+					node_ctx.text_length = (off_t) len;
+				else
+					node_ctx.prop_length = (off_t) len;
 				break;
 			}
-			if (constcmp(t, "Prop-content-length"))
-				continue;
-			node_ctx.propLength = atoi(val);
-			break;
 		case sizeof("Text-delta"):
 			if (!constcmp(t, "Text-delta")) {
 				node_ctx.text_delta = !strcmp(val, "true");
@@ -399,7 +464,7 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 				read_props();
 			} else if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX) {
 				handle_node();
-				active_ctx = REV_CTX;
+				active_ctx = INTERNODE_CTX;
 			} else {
 				fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected content length header: %"PRIu32"\n", len);
 				if (buffer_skip_bytes(&input, len) != len)
@@ -411,32 +476,55 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 		die_short_read();
 	if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 		handle_node();
+	if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
+		begin_revision(local_ref);
 	if (active_ctx != DUMP_CTX)
-		handle_revision();
+		end_revision(notes_ref);
 }
 
-int svndump_init(const char *filename)
+static void init(int report_fd)
 {
-	if (buffer_init(&input, filename))
-		return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
-	repo_init();
+	fast_export_init(report_fd);
 	strbuf_init(&dump_ctx.uuid, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&dump_ctx.url, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.log, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.author, 4096);
+	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.note, 4096);
+	strbuf_init(&node_ctx.src, 4096);
+	strbuf_init(&node_ctx.dst, 4096);
 	reset_dump_ctx(NULL);
 	reset_rev_ctx(0);
 	reset_node_ctx(NULL);
+	return;
+}
+
+int svndump_init(const char *filename)
+{
+	if (buffer_init(&input, filename))
+		return error_errno("cannot open %s", filename ? filename : "NULL");
+	init(REPORT_FILENO);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int svndump_init_fd(int in_fd, int back_fd)
+{
+	if(buffer_fdinit(&input, xdup(in_fd)))
+		return error_errno("cannot open fd %d", in_fd);
+	init(xdup(back_fd));
 	return 0;
 }
 
 void svndump_deinit(void)
 {
-	repo_reset();
+	fast_export_deinit();
 	reset_dump_ctx(NULL);
 	reset_rev_ctx(0);
 	reset_node_ctx(NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.log);
+	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.author);
+	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.note);
+	strbuf_release(&node_ctx.src);
+	strbuf_release(&node_ctx.dst);
 	if (buffer_deinit(&input))
 		fprintf(stderr, "Input error\n");
 	if (ferror(stdout))
@@ -445,8 +533,6 @@ void svndump_deinit(void)
 
 void svndump_reset(void)
 {
-	buffer_reset(&input);
-	repo_reset();
 	strbuf_release(&dump_ctx.uuid);
 	strbuf_release(&dump_ctx.url);
 	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.log);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndump.h b/vcs-svn/svndump.h
index df9ceb0e8d..b8eb12954e 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndump.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndump.h
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 #define SVNDUMP_H_
 
 int svndump_init(const char *filename);
-void svndump_read(const char *url);
+int svndump_init_fd(int in_fd, int back_fd);
+void svndump_read(const char *url, const char *local_ref, const char *notes_ref);
 void svndump_deinit(void);
 void svndump_reset(void);
 
diff --git a/vcs-svn/trp.h b/vcs-svn/trp.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c32b9184e9..0000000000
--- a/vcs-svn/trp.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,237 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * C macro implementation of treaps.
- *
- * Usage:
- *   #include <stdint.h>
- *   #include "trp.h"
- *   trp_gen(...)
- *
- * Licensed under a two-clause BSD-style license.
- * See LICENSE for details.
- */
-
-#ifndef TRP_H_
-#define TRP_H_
-
-#define MAYBE_UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
-
-/* Node structure. */
-struct trp_node {
-	uint32_t trpn_left;
-	uint32_t trpn_right;
-};
-
-/* Root structure. */
-struct trp_root {
-	uint32_t trp_root;
-};
-
-/* Pointer/Offset conversion. */
-#define trpn_pointer(a_base, a_offset) (a_base##_pointer(a_offset))
-#define trpn_offset(a_base, a_pointer) (a_base##_offset(a_pointer))
-#define trpn_modify(a_base, a_offset) \
-	do { \
-		if ((a_offset) < a_base##_pool.committed) { \
-			uint32_t old_offset = (a_offset);\
-			(a_offset) = a_base##_alloc(1); \
-			*trpn_pointer(a_base, a_offset) = \
-				*trpn_pointer(a_base, old_offset); \
-		} \
-	} while (0)
-
-/* Left accessors. */
-#define trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, a_node) \
-	(trpn_pointer(a_base, a_node)->a_field.trpn_left)
-#define trp_left_set(a_base, a_field, a_node, a_left) \
-	do { \
-		trpn_modify(a_base, a_node); \
-		trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, a_node) = (a_left); \
-	} while (0)
-
-/* Right accessors. */
-#define trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, a_node) \
-	(trpn_pointer(a_base, a_node)->a_field.trpn_right)
-#define trp_right_set(a_base, a_field, a_node, a_right) \
-	do { \
-		trpn_modify(a_base, a_node); \
-		trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, a_node) = (a_right); \
-	} while (0)
-
-/*
- * Fibonacci hash function.
- * The multiplier is the nearest prime to (2^32 times (√5 - 1)/2).
- * See Knuth §6.4: volume 3, 3rd ed, p518.
- */
-#define trpn_hash(a_node) (uint32_t) (2654435761u * (a_node))
-
-/* Priority accessors. */
-#define trp_prio_get(a_node) trpn_hash(a_node)
-
-/* Node initializer. */
-#define trp_node_new(a_base, a_field, a_node) \
-	do { \
-		trp_left_set(a_base, a_field, (a_node), ~0); \
-		trp_right_set(a_base, a_field, (a_node), ~0); \
-	} while (0)
-
-/* Internal utility macros. */
-#define trpn_first(a_base, a_field, a_root, r_node) \
-	do { \
-		(r_node) = (a_root); \
-		if ((r_node) == ~0) \
-			return NULL; \
-		while (~trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, (r_node))) \
-			(r_node) = trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, (r_node)); \
-	} while (0)
-
-#define trpn_rotate_left(a_base, a_field, a_node, r_node) \
-	do { \
-		(r_node) = trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, (a_node)); \
-		trp_right_set(a_base, a_field, (a_node), \
-			trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, (r_node))); \
-		trp_left_set(a_base, a_field, (r_node), (a_node)); \
-	} while (0)
-
-#define trpn_rotate_right(a_base, a_field, a_node, r_node) \
-	do { \
-		(r_node) = trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, (a_node)); \
-		trp_left_set(a_base, a_field, (a_node), \
-			trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, (r_node))); \
-		trp_right_set(a_base, a_field, (r_node), (a_node)); \
-	} while (0)
-
-#define trp_gen(a_attr, a_pre, a_type, a_field, a_base, a_cmp) \
-a_attr a_type MAYBE_UNUSED *a_pre##first(struct trp_root *treap) \
-{ \
-	uint32_t ret; \
-	trpn_first(a_base, a_field, treap->trp_root, ret); \
-	return trpn_pointer(a_base, ret); \
-} \
-a_attr a_type MAYBE_UNUSED *a_pre##next(struct trp_root *treap, a_type *node) \
-{ \
-	uint32_t ret; \
-	uint32_t offset = trpn_offset(a_base, node); \
-	if (~trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, offset)) { \
-		trpn_first(a_base, a_field, \
-			trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, offset), ret); \
-	} else { \
-		uint32_t tnode = treap->trp_root; \
-		ret = ~0; \
-		while (1) { \
-			int cmp = (a_cmp)(trpn_pointer(a_base, offset), \
-				trpn_pointer(a_base, tnode)); \
-			if (cmp < 0) { \
-				ret = tnode; \
-				tnode = trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, tnode); \
-			} else if (cmp > 0) { \
-				tnode = trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, tnode); \
-			} else { \
-				break; \
-			} \
-		} \
-	} \
-	return trpn_pointer(a_base, ret); \
-} \
-a_attr a_type MAYBE_UNUSED *a_pre##search(struct trp_root *treap, a_type *key) \
-{ \
-	int cmp; \
-	uint32_t ret = treap->trp_root; \
-	while (~ret && (cmp = (a_cmp)(key, trpn_pointer(a_base, ret)))) { \
-		if (cmp < 0) { \
-			ret = trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, ret); \
-		} else { \
-			ret = trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, ret); \
-		} \
-	} \
-	return trpn_pointer(a_base, ret); \
-} \
-a_attr a_type MAYBE_UNUSED *a_pre##nsearch(struct trp_root *treap, a_type *key) \
-{ \
-	int cmp; \
-	uint32_t ret = treap->trp_root; \
-	while (~ret && (cmp = (a_cmp)(key, trpn_pointer(a_base, ret)))) { \
-		if (cmp < 0) { \
-			if (!~trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, ret)) \
-				break; \
-			ret = trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, ret); \
-		} else { \
-			ret = trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, ret); \
-		} \
-	} \
-	return trpn_pointer(a_base, ret); \
-} \
-a_attr uint32_t MAYBE_UNUSED a_pre##insert_recurse(uint32_t cur_node, uint32_t ins_node) \
-{ \
-	if (cur_node == ~0) { \
-		return ins_node; \
-	} else { \
-		uint32_t ret; \
-		int cmp = (a_cmp)(trpn_pointer(a_base, ins_node), \
-					trpn_pointer(a_base, cur_node)); \
-		if (cmp < 0) { \
-			uint32_t left = a_pre##insert_recurse( \
-				trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, cur_node), ins_node); \
-			trp_left_set(a_base, a_field, cur_node, left); \
-			if (trp_prio_get(left) < trp_prio_get(cur_node)) \
-				trpn_rotate_right(a_base, a_field, cur_node, ret); \
-			else \
-				ret = cur_node; \
-		} else { \
-			uint32_t right = a_pre##insert_recurse( \
-				trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, cur_node), ins_node); \
-			trp_right_set(a_base, a_field, cur_node, right); \
-			if (trp_prio_get(right) < trp_prio_get(cur_node)) \
-				trpn_rotate_left(a_base, a_field, cur_node, ret); \
-			else \
-				ret = cur_node; \
-		} \
-		return ret; \
-	} \
-} \
-a_attr a_type *MAYBE_UNUSED a_pre##insert(struct trp_root *treap, a_type *node) \
-{ \
-	uint32_t offset = trpn_offset(a_base, node); \
-	trp_node_new(a_base, a_field, offset); \
-	treap->trp_root = a_pre##insert_recurse(treap->trp_root, offset); \
-	return trpn_pointer(a_base, offset); \
-} \
-a_attr uint32_t MAYBE_UNUSED a_pre##remove_recurse(uint32_t cur_node, uint32_t rem_node) \
-{ \
-	int cmp = a_cmp(trpn_pointer(a_base, rem_node), \
-			trpn_pointer(a_base, cur_node)); \
-	if (cmp == 0) { \
-		uint32_t ret; \
-		uint32_t left = trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, cur_node); \
-		uint32_t right = trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, cur_node); \
-		if (left == ~0) { \
-			if (right == ~0) \
-				return ~0; \
-		} else if (right == ~0 || trp_prio_get(left) < trp_prio_get(right)) { \
-			trpn_rotate_right(a_base, a_field, cur_node, ret); \
-			right = a_pre##remove_recurse(cur_node, rem_node); \
-			trp_right_set(a_base, a_field, ret, right); \
-			return ret; \
-		} \
-		trpn_rotate_left(a_base, a_field, cur_node, ret); \
-		left = a_pre##remove_recurse(cur_node, rem_node); \
-		trp_left_set(a_base, a_field, ret, left); \
-		return ret; \
-	} else if (cmp < 0) { \
-		uint32_t left = a_pre##remove_recurse( \
-			trp_left_get(a_base, a_field, cur_node), rem_node); \
-		trp_left_set(a_base, a_field, cur_node, left); \
-		return cur_node; \
-	} else { \
-		uint32_t right = a_pre##remove_recurse( \
-			trp_right_get(a_base, a_field, cur_node), rem_node); \
-		trp_right_set(a_base, a_field, cur_node, right); \
-		return cur_node; \
-	} \
-} \
-a_attr void MAYBE_UNUSED a_pre##remove(struct trp_root *treap, a_type *node) \
-{ \
-	treap->trp_root = a_pre##remove_recurse(treap->trp_root, \
-		trpn_offset(a_base, node)); \
-} \
-
-#endif
diff --git a/vcs-svn/trp.txt b/vcs-svn/trp.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 177ebca335..0000000000
--- a/vcs-svn/trp.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-Motivation
-==========
-
-Treaps provide a memory-efficient binary search tree structure.
-Insertion/deletion/search are about as about as fast in the average
-case as red-black trees and the chances of worst-case behavior are
-vanishingly small, thanks to (pseudo-)randomness.  The bad worst-case
-behavior is a small price to pay, given that treaps are much simpler
-to implement.
-
-API
-===
-
-The trp API generates a data structure and functions to handle a
-large growing set of objects stored in a pool.
-
-The caller:
-
-. Specifies parameters for the generated functions with the
-  trp_gen(static, foo_, ...) macro.
-
-. Allocates a `struct trp_root` variable and sets it to {~0}.
-
-. Adds new nodes to the set using `foo_insert`.  Any pointers
-  to existing nodes cannot be relied upon any more, so the caller
-  might retrieve them anew with `foo_pointer`.
-
-. Can find a specific item in the set using `foo_search`.
-
-. Can iterate over items in the set using `foo_first` and `foo_next`.
-
-. Can remove an item from the set using `foo_remove`.
-
-Example:
-
-----
-struct ex_node {
-	const char *s;
-	struct trp_node ex_link;
-};
-static struct trp_root ex_base = {~0};
-obj_pool_gen(ex, struct ex_node, 4096);
-trp_gen(static, ex_, struct ex_node, ex_link, ex, strcmp)
-struct ex_node *item;
-
-item = ex_pointer(ex_alloc(1));
-item->s = "hello";
-ex_insert(&ex_base, item);
-item = ex_pointer(ex_alloc(1));
-item->s = "goodbye";
-ex_insert(&ex_base, item);
-for (item = ex_first(&ex_base); item; item = ex_next(&ex_base, item))
-	printf("%s\n", item->s);
-----
-
-Functions
----------
-
-trp_gen(attr, foo_, node_type, link_field, pool, cmp)::
-
-	Generate a type-specific treap implementation.
-+
-. The storage class for generated functions will be 'attr' (e.g., `static`).
-. Generated function names are prefixed with 'foo_' (e.g., `treap_`).
-. Treap nodes will be of type 'node_type' (e.g., `struct treap_node`).
-  This type must be a struct with at least one `struct trp_node` field
-  to point to its children.
-. The field used to access child nodes will be 'link_field'.
-. All treap nodes must lie in the 'pool' object pool.
-. Treap nodes must be totally ordered by the 'cmp' relation, with the
-  following prototype:
-+
-int (*cmp)(node_type \*a, node_type \*b)
-+
-and returning a value less than, equal to, or greater than zero
-according to the result of comparison.
-
-node_type {asterisk}foo_insert(struct trp_root *treap, node_type \*node)::
-
-	Insert node into treap.  If inserted multiple times,
-	a node will appear in the treap multiple times.
-+
-The return value is the address of the node within the treap,
-which might differ from `node` if `pool_alloc` had to call
-`realloc` to expand the pool.
-
-void foo_remove(struct trp_root *treap, node_type \*node)::
-
-	Remove node from treap.  Caller must ensure node is
-	present in treap before using this function.
-
-node_type *foo_search(struct trp_root \*treap, node_type \*key)::
-
-	Search for a node that matches key.  If no match is found,
-	result is NULL.
-
-node_type *foo_nsearch(struct trp_root \*treap, node_type \*key)::
-
-	Like `foo_search`, but if the key is missing return what
-	would be key's successor, were key in treap (NULL if no
-	successor).
-
-node_type *foo_first(struct trp_root \*treap)::
-
-	Find the first item from the treap, in sorted order.
-
-node_type *foo_next(struct trp_root \*treap, node_type \*node)::
-
-	Find the next item.
diff --git a/version.c b/version.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6106a8098c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
+
+const char *git_user_agent(void)
+{
+	static const char *agent = NULL;
+
+	if (!agent) {
+		agent = getenv("GIT_USER_AGENT");
+		if (!agent)
+			agent = GIT_USER_AGENT;
+	}
+
+	return agent;
+}
+
+const char *git_user_agent_sanitized(void)
+{
+	static const char *agent = NULL;
+
+	if (!agent) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int i;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, git_user_agent());
+		strbuf_trim(&buf);
+		for (i = 0; i < buf.len; i++) {
+			if (buf.buf[i] <= 32 || buf.buf[i] >= 127)
+				buf.buf[i] = '.';
+		}
+		agent = buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	return agent;
+}
diff --git a/version.h b/version.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6911a4f155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef VERSION_H
+#define VERSION_H
+
+extern const char git_version_string[];
+
+const char *git_user_agent(void);
+const char *git_user_agent_sanitized(void);
+
+#endif /* VERSION_H */
diff --git a/versioncmp.c b/versioncmp.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80bfd109fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/versioncmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * versioncmp(): copied from string/strverscmp.c in glibc commit
+ * ee9247c38a8def24a59eb5cfb7196a98bef8cfdc, reformatted to Git coding
+ * style. The implementation is under LGPL-2.1 and Git relicenses it
+ * to GPLv2.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * states: S_N: normal, S_I: comparing integral part, S_F: comparing
+ * fractionnal parts, S_Z: idem but with leading Zeroes only
+ */
+#define  S_N    0x0
+#define  S_I    0x3
+#define  S_F    0x6
+#define  S_Z    0x9
+
+/* result_type: CMP: return diff; LEN: compare using len_diff/diff */
+#define  CMP    2
+#define  LEN    3
+
+static const struct string_list *prereleases;
+static int initialized;
+
+/*
+ * p1 and p2 point to the first different character in two strings. If
+ * either p1 or p2 starts with a prerelease suffix, it will be forced
+ * to be on top.
+ *
+ * If both p1 and p2 start with (different) suffix, the order is
+ * determined by config file.
+ *
+ * Note that we don't have to deal with the situation when both p1 and
+ * p2 start with the same suffix because the common part is already
+ * consumed by the caller.
+ *
+ * Return non-zero if *diff contains the return value for versioncmp()
+ */
+static int swap_prereleases(const void *p1_,
+			    const void *p2_,
+			    int *diff)
+{
+	const char *p1 = p1_;
+	const char *p2 = p2_;
+	int i, i1 = -1, i2 = -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < prereleases->nr; i++) {
+		const char *suffix = prereleases->items[i].string;
+		if (i1 == -1 && starts_with(p1, suffix))
+			i1 = i;
+		if (i2 == -1 && starts_with(p2, suffix))
+			i2 = i;
+	}
+	if (i1 == -1 && i2 == -1)
+		return 0;
+	if (i1 >= 0 && i2 >= 0)
+		*diff = i1 - i2;
+	else if (i1 >= 0)
+		*diff = -1;
+	else /* if (i2 >= 0) */
+		*diff = 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare S1 and S2 as strings holding indices/version numbers,
+ * returning less than, equal to or greater than zero if S1 is less
+ * than, equal to or greater than S2 (for more info, see the texinfo
+ * doc).
+ */
+
+int versioncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+	const unsigned char *p1 = (const unsigned char *) s1;
+	const unsigned char *p2 = (const unsigned char *) s2;
+	unsigned char c1, c2;
+	int state, diff;
+
+	/*
+	 * Symbol(s)    0       [1-9]   others
+	 * Transition   (10) 0  (01) d  (00) x
+	 */
+	static const uint8_t next_state[] = {
+		/* state    x    d    0  */
+		/* S_N */  S_N, S_I, S_Z,
+		/* S_I */  S_N, S_I, S_I,
+		/* S_F */  S_N, S_F, S_F,
+		/* S_Z */  S_N, S_F, S_Z
+	};
+
+	static const int8_t result_type[] = {
+		/* state   x/x  x/d  x/0  d/x  d/d  d/0  0/x  0/d  0/0  */
+
+		/* S_N */  CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, LEN, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP,
+		/* S_I */  CMP, -1,  -1,  +1,  LEN, LEN, +1,  LEN, LEN,
+		/* S_F */  CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP,
+		/* S_Z */  CMP, +1,  +1,  -1,  CMP, CMP, -1,  CMP, CMP
+	};
+
+	if (p1 == p2)
+		return 0;
+
+	c1 = *p1++;
+	c2 = *p2++;
+	/* Hint: '0' is a digit too.  */
+	state = S_N + ((c1 == '0') + (isdigit (c1) != 0));
+
+	while ((diff = c1 - c2) == 0) {
+		if (c1 == '\0')
+			return diff;
+
+		state = next_state[state];
+		c1 = *p1++;
+		c2 = *p2++;
+		state += (c1 == '0') + (isdigit (c1) != 0);
+	}
+
+	if (!initialized) {
+		initialized = 1;
+		prereleases = git_config_get_value_multi("versionsort.prereleasesuffix");
+	}
+	if (prereleases && swap_prereleases(p1 - 1, p2 - 1, &diff))
+		return diff;
+
+	state = result_type[state * 3 + (((c2 == '0') + (isdigit (c2) != 0)))];
+
+	switch (state) {
+	case CMP:
+		return diff;
+
+	case LEN:
+		while (isdigit (*p1++))
+			if (!isdigit (*p2++))
+				return 1;
+
+		return isdigit (*p2) ? -1 : diff;
+
+	default:
+		return state;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/walker.c b/walker.c
index be389dc9bf..d95b007294 100644
--- a/walker.c
+++ b/walker.c
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ void walker_say(struct walker *walker, const char *fmt, const char *hex)
 
 static void report_missing(const struct object *obj)
 {
-	char missing_hex[41];
-	strcpy(missing_hex, sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
 	fprintf(stderr, "Cannot obtain needed %s %s\n",
-		obj->type ? typename(obj->type): "object", missing_hex);
+		obj->type ? typename(obj->type): "object",
+		oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 	if (!is_null_sha1(current_commit_sha1))
 		fprintf(stderr, "while processing commit %s.\n",
 			sha1_to_hex(current_commit_sha1));
@@ -44,25 +43,23 @@ static int process_tree(struct walker *walker, struct tree *tree)
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
 			continue;
 		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
-			struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(entry.sha1);
+			struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(entry.oid->hash);
 			if (tree)
 				obj = &tree->object;
 		}
 		else {
-			struct blob *blob = lookup_blob(entry.sha1);
+			struct blob *blob = lookup_blob(entry.oid->hash);
 			if (blob)
 				obj = &blob->object;
 		}
 		if (!obj || process(walker, obj))
 			return -1;
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
-	tree->size = 0;
-	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
 #define SEEN		(1U << 1)
 #define TO_SCAN		(1U << 2)
@@ -81,9 +78,9 @@ static int process_commit(struct walker *walker, struct commit *commit)
 	if (commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)
 		return 0;
 
-	hashcpy(current_commit_sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+	hashcpy(current_commit_sha1, commit->object.oid.hash);
 
-	walker_say(walker, "walk %s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	walker_say(walker, "walk %s\n", oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
 
 	if (walker->get_tree) {
 		if (process(walker, &commit->tree->object))
@@ -133,7 +130,7 @@ static int process_object(struct walker *walker, struct object *obj)
 	}
 	return error("Unable to determine requirements "
 		     "of type %s for %s",
-		     typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		     typename(obj->type), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 }
 
 static int process(struct walker *walker, struct object *obj)
@@ -142,14 +139,14 @@ static int process(struct walker *walker, struct object *obj)
 		return 0;
 	obj->flags |= SEEN;
 
-	if (has_sha1_file(obj->sha1)) {
+	if (has_object_file(&obj->oid)) {
 		/* We already have it, so we should scan it now. */
 		obj->flags |= TO_SCAN;
 	}
 	else {
 		if (obj->flags & COMPLETE)
 			return 0;
-		walker->prefetch(walker, obj->sha1);
+		walker->prefetch(walker, obj->oid.hash);
 	}
 
 	object_list_insert(obj, process_queue_end);
@@ -173,13 +170,13 @@ static int loop(struct walker *walker)
 		 * the queue because we needed to fetch it first.
 		 */
 		if (! (obj->flags & TO_SCAN)) {
-			if (walker->fetch(walker, obj->sha1)) {
+			if (walker->fetch(walker, obj->oid.hash)) {
 				report_missing(obj);
 				return -1;
 			}
 		}
 		if (!obj->type)
-			parse_object(obj->sha1);
+			parse_object(obj->oid.hash);
 		if (process_object(walker, obj))
 			return -1;
 	}
@@ -193,7 +190,7 @@ static int interpret_target(struct walker *walker, char *target, unsigned char *
 	if (!check_refname_format(target, 0)) {
 		struct ref *ref = alloc_ref(target);
 		if (!walker->fetch_ref(walker, ref)) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_sha1);
+			hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_oid.hash);
 			free(ref);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -202,12 +199,14 @@ static int interpret_target(struct walker *walker, char *target, unsigned char *
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int mark_complete(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid,
+			 int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid->hash, 1);
+
 	if (commit) {
 		commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+		commit_list_insert(commit, &complete);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ int walker_targets_stdin(char ***target, const char ***write_ref)
 		char *rf_one = NULL;
 		char *tg_one;
 
-		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+		if (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, stdin) == EOF)
 			break;
 		tg_one = buf.buf;
 		rf_one = strchr(tg_one, '\t');
@@ -230,11 +229,11 @@ int walker_targets_stdin(char ***target, const char ***write_ref)
 
 		if (targets >= targets_alloc) {
 			targets_alloc = targets_alloc ? targets_alloc * 2 : 64;
-			*target = xrealloc(*target, targets_alloc * sizeof(**target));
-			*write_ref = xrealloc(*write_ref, targets_alloc * sizeof(**write_ref));
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(*target, targets_alloc);
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(*write_ref, targets_alloc);
 		}
 		(*target)[targets] = xstrdup(tg_one);
-		(*write_ref)[targets] = rf_one ? xstrdup(rf_one) : NULL;
+		(*write_ref)[targets] = xstrdup_or_null(rf_one);
 		targets++;
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -253,64 +252,75 @@ void walker_targets_free(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref)
 int walker_fetch(struct walker *walker, int targets, char **target,
 		 const char **write_ref, const char *write_ref_log_details)
 {
-	struct ref_lock **lock = xcalloc(targets, sizeof(struct ref_lock *));
+	struct strbuf refname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction = NULL;
 	unsigned char *sha1 = xmalloc(targets * 20);
-	char *msg;
-	int ret;
-	int i;
+	char *msg = NULL;
+	int i, ret = -1;
 
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
-		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
-			continue;
-
-		lock[i] = lock_ref_sha1(write_ref[i], NULL);
-		if (!lock[i]) {
-			error("Can't lock ref %s", write_ref[i]);
-			goto unlock_and_fail;
+	if (write_ref) {
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction) {
+			error("%s", err.buf);
+			goto done;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!walker->get_recover)
+	if (!walker->get_recover) {
 		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&complete);
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
 		if (interpret_target(walker, target[i], &sha1[20 * i])) {
 			error("Could not interpret response from server '%s' as something to pull", target[i]);
-			goto unlock_and_fail;
+			goto done;
 		}
 		if (process(walker, lookup_unknown_object(&sha1[20 * i])))
-			goto unlock_and_fail;
+			goto done;
 	}
 
 	if (loop(walker))
-		goto unlock_and_fail;
-
+		goto done;
+	if (!write_ref) {
+		ret = 0;
+		goto done;
+	}
 	if (write_ref_log_details) {
-		msg = xmalloc(strlen(write_ref_log_details) + 12);
-		sprintf(msg, "fetch from %s", write_ref_log_details);
+		msg = xstrfmt("fetch from %s", write_ref_log_details);
 	} else {
 		msg = NULL;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
-		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
+		if (!write_ref[i])
 			continue;
-		ret = write_ref_sha1(lock[i], &sha1[20 * i], msg ? msg : "fetch (unknown)");
-		lock[i] = NULL;
-		if (ret)
-			goto unlock_and_fail;
+		strbuf_reset(&refname);
+		strbuf_addf(&refname, "refs/%s", write_ref[i]);
+		if (ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname.buf,
+					   &sha1[20 * i], NULL, 0,
+					   msg ? msg : "fetch (unknown)",
+					   &err)) {
+			error("%s", err.buf);
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		goto done;
 	}
-	free(msg);
-
-	return 0;
 
-unlock_and_fail:
-	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++)
-		if (lock[i])
-			unlock_ref(lock[i]);
+	ret = 0;
 
-	return -1;
+done:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	free(msg);
+	free(sha1);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	strbuf_release(&refname);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void walker_free(struct walker *walker)
diff --git a/wildmatch.c b/wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57c8765805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+**  Do shell-style pattern matching for ?, \, [], and * characters.
+**  It is 8bit clean.
+**
+**  Written by Rich $alz, mirror!rs, Wed Nov 26 19:03:17 EST 1986.
+**  Rich $alz is now <rsalz@bbn.com>.
+**
+**  Modified by Wayne Davison to special-case '/' matching, to make '**'
+**  work differently than '*', and to fix the character-class code.
+*/
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+
+/* What character marks an inverted character class? */
+#define NEGATE_CLASS	'!'
+#define NEGATE_CLASS2	'^'
+
+#define CC_EQ(class, len, litmatch) ((len) == sizeof (litmatch)-1 \
+				    && *(class) == *(litmatch) \
+				    && strncmp((char*)class, litmatch, len) == 0)
+
+#if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
+# define ISASCII(c) 1
+#else
+# define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isblank
+# define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII(c) && isblank(c))
+#else
+# define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isgraph
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isgraph(c))
+#else
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c) && !isspace(c))
+#endif
+
+#define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c))
+#define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isdigit(c))
+#define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalnum(c))
+#define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalpha(c))
+#define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII(c) && iscntrl(c))
+#define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII(c) && islower(c))
+#define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII(c) && ispunct(c))
+#define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII(c) && isspace(c))
+#define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII(c) && isupper(c))
+#define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isxdigit(c))
+
+/* Match pattern "p" against "text" */
+static int dowild(const uchar *p, const uchar *text, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	uchar p_ch;
+	const uchar *pattern = p;
+
+	for ( ; (p_ch = *p) != '\0'; text++, p++) {
+		int matched, match_slash, negated;
+		uchar t_ch, prev_ch;
+		if ((t_ch = *text) == '\0' && p_ch != '*')
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+			t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+			p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+		switch (p_ch) {
+		case '\\':
+			/* Literal match with following character.  Note that the test
+			 * in "default" handles the p[1] == '\0' failure case. */
+			p_ch = *++p;
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		default:
+			if (t_ch != p_ch)
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '?':
+			/* Match anything but '/'. */
+			if ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/')
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '*':
+			if (*++p == '*') {
+				const uchar *prev_p = p - 2;
+				while (*++p == '*') {}
+				if (!(flags & WM_PATHNAME))
+					/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+					match_slash = 1;
+				else if ((prev_p < pattern || *prev_p == '/') &&
+				    (*p == '\0' || *p == '/' ||
+				     (p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == '/'))) {
+					/*
+					 * Assuming we already match 'foo/' and are at
+					 * <star star slash>, just assume it matches
+					 * nothing and go ahead match the rest of the
+					 * pattern with the remaining string. This
+					 * helps make foo/<*><*>/bar (<> because
+					 * otherwise it breaks C comment syntax) match
+					 * both foo/bar and foo/a/bar.
+					 */
+					if (p[0] == '/' &&
+					    dowild(p + 1, text, flags) == WM_MATCH)
+						return WM_MATCH;
+					match_slash = 1;
+				} else
+					return WM_ABORT_MALFORMED;
+			} else
+				/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+				match_slash = flags & WM_PATHNAME ? 0 : 1;
+			if (*p == '\0') {
+				/* Trailing "**" matches everything.  Trailing "*" matches
+				 * only if there are no more slash characters. */
+				if (!match_slash) {
+					if (strchr((char*)text, '/') != NULL)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				return WM_MATCH;
+			} else if (!match_slash && *p == '/') {
+				/*
+				 * _one_ asterisk followed by a slash
+				 * with WM_PATHNAME matches the next
+				 * directory
+				 */
+				const char *slash = strchr((char*)text, '/');
+				if (!slash)
+					return WM_NOMATCH;
+				text = (const uchar*)slash;
+				/* the slash is consumed by the top-level for loop */
+				break;
+			}
+			while (1) {
+				if (t_ch == '\0')
+					break;
+				/*
+				 * Try to advance faster when an asterisk is
+				 * followed by a literal. We know in this case
+				 * that the string before the literal
+				 * must belong to "*".
+				 * If match_slash is false, do not look past
+				 * the first slash as it cannot belong to '*'.
+				 */
+				if (!is_glob_special(*p)) {
+					p_ch = *p;
+					if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+						p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+					while ((t_ch = *text) != '\0' &&
+					       (match_slash || t_ch != '/')) {
+						if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							break;
+						text++;
+					}
+					if (t_ch != p_ch)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				if ((matched = dowild(p, text, flags)) != WM_NOMATCH) {
+					if (!match_slash || matched != WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR)
+						return matched;
+				} else if (!match_slash && t_ch == '/')
+					return WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR;
+				t_ch = *++text;
+			}
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		case '[':
+			p_ch = *++p;
+#ifdef NEGATE_CLASS2
+			if (p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS2)
+				p_ch = NEGATE_CLASS;
+#endif
+			/* Assign literal 1/0 because of "matched" comparison. */
+			negated = p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS ? 1 : 0;
+			if (negated) {
+				/* Inverted character class. */
+				p_ch = *++p;
+			}
+			prev_ch = 0;
+			matched = 0;
+			do {
+				if (!p_ch)
+					return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+				if (p_ch == '\\') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					if (t_ch == p_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+				} else if (p_ch == '-' && prev_ch && p[1] && p[1] != ']') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (p_ch == '\\') {
+						p_ch = *++p;
+						if (!p_ch)
+							return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					}
+					if (t_ch <= p_ch && t_ch >= prev_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+					else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch)) {
+						uchar t_ch_upper = toupper(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch_upper <= p_ch && t_ch_upper >= prev_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+					}
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (p_ch == '[' && p[1] == ':') {
+					const uchar *s;
+					int i;
+					for (s = p += 2; (p_ch = *p) && p_ch != ']'; p++) {} /*SHARED ITERATOR*/
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					i = p - s - 1;
+					if (i < 0 || p[-1] != ':') {
+						/* Didn't find ":]", so treat like a normal set. */
+						p = s - 2;
+						p_ch = '[';
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alnum")) {
+						if (ISALNUM(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alpha")) {
+						if (ISALPHA(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "blank")) {
+						if (ISBLANK(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "cntrl")) {
+						if (ISCNTRL(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "digit")) {
+						if (ISDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "graph")) {
+						if (ISGRAPH(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "lower")) {
+						if (ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "print")) {
+						if (ISPRINT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "punct")) {
+						if (ISPUNCT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "space")) {
+						if (ISSPACE(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "upper")) {
+						if (ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+						else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "xdigit")) {
+						if (ISXDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else /* malformed [:class:] string */
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (t_ch == p_ch)
+					matched = 1;
+			} while (prev_ch = p_ch, (p_ch = *++p) != ']');
+			if (matched == negated ||
+			    ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/'))
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return *text ? WM_NOMATCH : WM_MATCH;
+}
+
+/* Match the "pattern" against the "text" string. */
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags, struct wildopts *wo)
+{
+	return dowild((const uchar*)pattern, (const uchar*)text, flags);
+}
diff --git a/wildmatch.h b/wildmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4090c8f4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef WILDMATCH_H
+#define WILDMATCH_H
+
+#define WM_CASEFOLD 1
+#define WM_PATHNAME 2
+
+#define WM_ABORT_MALFORMED 2
+#define WM_NOMATCH 1
+#define WM_MATCH 0
+#define WM_ABORT_ALL -1
+#define WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR -2
+
+struct wildopts;
+
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags,
+	      struct wildopts *wo);
+#endif
diff --git a/worktree.c b/worktree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2a94e0476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/worktree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
+
+void free_worktrees(struct worktree **worktrees)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; worktrees[i]; i++) {
+		free(worktrees[i]->path);
+		free(worktrees[i]->id);
+		free(worktrees[i]->head_ref);
+		free(worktrees[i]);
+	}
+	free (worktrees);
+}
+
+/*
+ * read 'path_to_ref' into 'ref'.  Also if is_detached is not NULL,
+ * set is_detached to 1 (0) if the ref is detached (is not detached).
+ *
+ * $GIT_COMMON_DIR/$symref (e.g. HEAD) is practically outside $GIT_DIR so
+ * for linked worktrees, `resolve_ref_unsafe()` won't work (it uses
+ * git_path). Parse the ref ourselves.
+ *
+ * return -1 if the ref is not a proper ref, 0 otherwise (success)
+ */
+static int parse_ref(char *path_to_ref, struct strbuf *ref, int *is_detached)
+{
+	if (is_detached)
+		*is_detached = 0;
+	if (!strbuf_readlink(ref, path_to_ref, 0)) {
+		/* HEAD is symbolic link */
+		if (!starts_with(ref->buf, "refs/") ||
+				check_refname_format(ref->buf, 0))
+			return -1;
+	} else if (strbuf_read_file(ref, path_to_ref, 0) >= 0) {
+		/* textual symref or detached */
+		if (!starts_with(ref->buf, "ref:")) {
+			if (is_detached)
+				*is_detached = 1;
+		} else {
+			strbuf_remove(ref, 0, strlen("ref:"));
+			strbuf_trim(ref);
+			if (check_refname_format(ref->buf, 0))
+				return -1;
+		}
+	} else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add the head_sha1 and head_ref (if not detached) to the given worktree
+ */
+static void add_head_info(struct strbuf *head_ref, struct worktree *worktree)
+{
+	if (head_ref->len) {
+		if (worktree->is_detached) {
+			get_sha1_hex(head_ref->buf, worktree->head_sha1);
+		} else {
+			resolve_ref_unsafe(head_ref->buf, 0, worktree->head_sha1, NULL);
+			worktree->head_ref = strbuf_detach(head_ref, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * get the main worktree
+ */
+static struct worktree *get_main_worktree(void)
+{
+	struct worktree *worktree = NULL;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf worktree_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf head_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int is_bare = 0;
+	int is_detached = 0;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&worktree_path, absolute_path(get_git_common_dir()));
+	is_bare = !strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.git");
+	if (is_bare)
+		strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.");
+
+	strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/HEAD", get_git_common_dir());
+
+	if (parse_ref(path.buf, &head_ref, &is_detached) < 0)
+		goto done;
+
+	worktree = xmalloc(sizeof(struct worktree));
+	worktree->path = strbuf_detach(&worktree_path, NULL);
+	worktree->id = NULL;
+	worktree->is_bare = is_bare;
+	worktree->head_ref = NULL;
+	worktree->is_detached = is_detached;
+	worktree->is_current = 0;
+	add_head_info(&head_ref, worktree);
+
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	strbuf_release(&worktree_path);
+	strbuf_release(&head_ref);
+	return worktree;
+}
+
+static struct worktree *get_linked_worktree(const char *id)
+{
+	struct worktree *worktree = NULL;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf worktree_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf head_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int is_detached = 0;
+
+	if (!id)
+		die("Missing linked worktree name");
+
+	strbuf_git_common_path(&path, "worktrees/%s/gitdir", id);
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&worktree_path, path.buf, 0) <= 0)
+		/* invalid gitdir file */
+		goto done;
+
+	strbuf_rtrim(&worktree_path);
+	if (!strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.git")) {
+		strbuf_reset(&worktree_path);
+		strbuf_addstr(&worktree_path, absolute_path("."));
+		strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.");
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/worktrees/%s/HEAD", get_git_common_dir(), id);
+
+	if (parse_ref(path.buf, &head_ref, &is_detached) < 0)
+		goto done;
+
+	worktree = xmalloc(sizeof(struct worktree));
+	worktree->path = strbuf_detach(&worktree_path, NULL);
+	worktree->id = xstrdup(id);
+	worktree->is_bare = 0;
+	worktree->head_ref = NULL;
+	worktree->is_detached = is_detached;
+	worktree->is_current = 0;
+	add_head_info(&head_ref, worktree);
+
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	strbuf_release(&worktree_path);
+	strbuf_release(&head_ref);
+	return worktree;
+}
+
+static void mark_current_worktree(struct worktree **worktrees)
+{
+	char *git_dir = xstrdup(absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; worktrees[i]; i++) {
+		struct worktree *wt = worktrees[i];
+		const char *wt_git_dir = get_worktree_git_dir(wt);
+
+		if (!fspathcmp(git_dir, absolute_path(wt_git_dir))) {
+			wt->is_current = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	free(git_dir);
+}
+
+struct worktree **get_worktrees(void)
+{
+	struct worktree **list = NULL;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *d;
+	int counter = 0, alloc = 2;
+
+	list = xmalloc(alloc * sizeof(struct worktree *));
+
+	if ((list[counter] = get_main_worktree()))
+		counter++;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/worktrees", get_git_common_dir());
+	dir = opendir(path.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	if (dir) {
+		while ((d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			struct worktree *linked = NULL;
+			if (is_dot_or_dotdot(d->d_name))
+				continue;
+
+			if ((linked = get_linked_worktree(d->d_name))) {
+				ALLOC_GROW(list, counter + 1, alloc);
+				list[counter++] = linked;
+			}
+		}
+		closedir(dir);
+	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(list, counter + 1, alloc);
+	list[counter] = NULL;
+
+	mark_current_worktree(list);
+	return list;
+}
+
+const char *get_worktree_git_dir(const struct worktree *wt)
+{
+	if (!wt)
+		return get_git_dir();
+	else if (!wt->id)
+		return get_git_common_dir();
+	else
+		return git_common_path("worktrees/%s", wt->id);
+}
+
+int is_worktree_being_rebased(const struct worktree *wt,
+			      const char *target)
+{
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+	int found_rebase;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	found_rebase = wt_status_check_rebase(wt, &state) &&
+		((state.rebase_in_progress ||
+		  state.rebase_interactive_in_progress) &&
+		 state.branch &&
+		 starts_with(target, "refs/heads/") &&
+		 !strcmp(state.branch, target + strlen("refs/heads/")));
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	return found_rebase;
+}
+
+int is_worktree_being_bisected(const struct worktree *wt,
+			       const char *target)
+{
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+	int found_rebase;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	found_rebase = wt_status_check_bisect(wt, &state) &&
+		state.branch &&
+		starts_with(target, "refs/heads/") &&
+		!strcmp(state.branch, target + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+	free(state.branch);
+	return found_rebase;
+}
+
+/*
+ * note: this function should be able to detect shared symref even if
+ * HEAD is temporarily detached (e.g. in the middle of rebase or
+ * bisect). New commands that do similar things should update this
+ * function as well.
+ */
+const struct worktree *find_shared_symref(const char *symref,
+					  const char *target)
+{
+	const struct worktree *existing = NULL;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct worktree **worktrees;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	if (worktrees)
+		free_worktrees(worktrees);
+	worktrees = get_worktrees();
+
+	for (i = 0; worktrees[i]; i++) {
+		struct worktree *wt = worktrees[i];
+
+		if (wt->is_detached && !strcmp(symref, "HEAD")) {
+			if (is_worktree_being_rebased(wt, target)) {
+				existing = wt;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (is_worktree_being_bisected(wt, target)) {
+				existing = wt;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		strbuf_reset(&path);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+		strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/%s",
+			    get_worktree_git_dir(wt),
+			    symref);
+
+		if (parse_ref(path.buf, &sb, NULL)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(sb.buf, target)) {
+			existing = wt;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	return existing;
+}
diff --git a/worktree.h b/worktree.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13949093cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/worktree.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#ifndef WORKTREE_H
+#define WORKTREE_H
+
+struct worktree {
+	char *path;
+	char *id;
+	char *head_ref;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	int is_detached;
+	int is_bare;
+	int is_current;
+};
+
+/* Functions for acting on the information about worktrees. */
+
+/*
+ * Get the worktrees.  The primary worktree will always be the first returned,
+ * and linked worktrees will be pointed to by 'next' in each subsequent
+ * worktree.  No specific ordering is done on the linked worktrees.
+ *
+ * The caller is responsible for freeing the memory from the returned
+ * worktree(s).
+ */
+extern struct worktree **get_worktrees(void);
+
+/*
+ * Return git dir of the worktree. Note that the path may be relative.
+ * If wt is NULL, git dir of current worktree is returned.
+ */
+extern const char *get_worktree_git_dir(const struct worktree *wt);
+
+/*
+ * Free up the memory for worktree(s)
+ */
+extern void free_worktrees(struct worktree **);
+
+/*
+ * Check if a per-worktree symref points to a ref in the main worktree
+ * or any linked worktree, and return the worktree that holds the ref,
+ * or NULL otherwise. The result may be destroyed by the next call.
+ */
+extern const struct worktree *find_shared_symref(const char *symref,
+						 const char *target);
+
+int is_worktree_being_rebased(const struct worktree *wt, const char *target);
+int is_worktree_being_bisected(const struct worktree *wt, const char *target);
+
+/*
+ * Similar to git_path() but can produce paths for a specified
+ * worktree instead of current one
+ */
+extern const char *worktree_git_path(const struct worktree *wt,
+				     const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+
+#endif
diff --git a/wrap-for-bin.sh b/wrap-for-bin.sh
index 53a8dd0a3f..22b6e4948f 100644
--- a/wrap-for-bin.sh
+++ b/wrap-for-bin.sh
@@ -14,9 +14,16 @@ else
 	GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/templates/blt'
 	export GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR
 fi
-GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'
+GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'"${GITPERLLIB:+:$GITPERLLIB}"
 GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/po/build/locale'
 PATH='@@BUILD_DIR@@/bin-wrappers:'"$PATH"
+
 export GIT_EXEC_PATH GITPERLLIB PATH GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR
 
-exec "${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/@@PROG@@" "$@"
+if test -n "$GIT_TEST_GDB"
+then
+	unset GIT_TEST_GDB
+	exec gdb --args "${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/@@PROG@@" "$@"
+else
+	exec "${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/@@PROG@@" "$@"
+fi
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
index 85f09df747..5dc4e15aa9 100644
--- a/wrapper.c
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -9,6 +9,26 @@ static void do_nothing(size_t size)
 
 static void (*try_to_free_routine)(size_t size) = do_nothing;
 
+static int memory_limit_check(size_t size, int gentle)
+{
+	static size_t limit = 0;
+	if (!limit) {
+		limit = git_env_ulong("GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT", 0);
+		if (!limit)
+			limit = SIZE_MAX;
+	}
+	if (size > limit) {
+		if (gentle) {
+			error("attempting to allocate %"PRIuMAX" over limit %"PRIuMAX,
+			      (uintmax_t)size, (uintmax_t)limit);
+			return -1;
+		} else
+			die("attempting to allocate %"PRIuMAX" over limit %"PRIuMAX,
+			    (uintmax_t)size, (uintmax_t)limit);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 try_to_free_t set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_t routine)
 {
 	try_to_free_t old = try_to_free_routine;
@@ -30,9 +50,13 @@ char *xstrdup(const char *str)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+static void *do_xmalloc(size_t size, int gentle)
 {
-	void *ret = malloc(size);
+	void *ret;
+
+	if (memory_limit_check(size, gentle))
+		return NULL;
+	ret = malloc(size);
 	if (!ret && !size)
 		ret = malloc(1);
 	if (!ret) {
@@ -40,9 +64,16 @@ void *xmalloc(size_t size)
 		ret = malloc(size);
 		if (!ret && !size)
 			ret = malloc(1);
-		if (!ret)
-			die("Out of memory, malloc failed (tried to allocate %lu bytes)",
-			    (unsigned long)size);
+		if (!ret) {
+			if (!gentle)
+				die("Out of memory, malloc failed (tried to allocate %lu bytes)",
+				    (unsigned long)size);
+			else {
+				error("Out of memory, malloc failed (tried to allocate %lu bytes)",
+				      (unsigned long)size);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 #ifdef XMALLOC_POISON
 	memset(ret, 0xA5, size);
@@ -50,16 +81,37 @@ void *xmalloc(size_t size)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void *xmallocz(size_t size)
+void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	return do_xmalloc(size, 0);
+}
+
+static void *do_xmallocz(size_t size, int gentle)
 {
 	void *ret;
-	if (unsigned_add_overflows(size, 1))
-		die("Data too large to fit into virtual memory space.");
-	ret = xmalloc(size + 1);
-	((char*)ret)[size] = 0;
+	if (unsigned_add_overflows(size, 1)) {
+		if (gentle) {
+			error("Data too large to fit into virtual memory space.");
+			return NULL;
+		} else
+			die("Data too large to fit into virtual memory space.");
+	}
+	ret = do_xmalloc(size + 1, gentle);
+	if (ret)
+		((char*)ret)[size] = 0;
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void *xmallocz(size_t size)
+{
+	return do_xmallocz(size, 0);
+}
+
+void *xmallocz_gently(size_t size)
+{
+	return do_xmallocz(size, 1);
+}
+
 /*
  * xmemdupz() allocates (len + 1) bytes of memory, duplicates "len" bytes of
  * "data" to the allocated memory, zero terminates the allocated memory,
@@ -79,7 +131,10 @@ char *xstrndup(const char *str, size_t len)
 
 void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
 {
-	void *ret = realloc(ptr, size);
+	void *ret;
+
+	memory_limit_check(size, 0);
+	ret = realloc(ptr, size);
 	if (!ret && !size)
 		ret = realloc(ptr, 1);
 	if (!ret) {
@@ -95,7 +150,13 @@ void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
 
 void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 {
-	void *ret = calloc(nmemb, size);
+	void *ret;
+
+	if (unsigned_mult_overflows(nmemb, size))
+		die("data too large to fit into virtual memory space");
+
+	memory_limit_check(size * nmemb, 0);
+	ret = calloc(nmemb, size);
 	if (!ret && (!nmemb || !size))
 		ret = calloc(1, 1);
 	if (!ret) {
@@ -110,6 +171,63 @@ void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Limit size of IO chunks, because huge chunks only cause pain.  OS X
+ * 64-bit is buggy, returning EINVAL if len >= INT_MAX; and even in
+ * the absence of bugs, large chunks can result in bad latencies when
+ * you decide to kill the process.
+ *
+ * We pick 8 MiB as our default, but if the platform defines SSIZE_MAX
+ * that is smaller than that, clip it to SSIZE_MAX, as a call to
+ * read(2) or write(2) larger than that is allowed to fail.  As the last
+ * resort, we allow a port to pass via CFLAGS e.g. "-DMAX_IO_SIZE=value"
+ * to override this, if the definition of SSIZE_MAX given by the platform
+ * is broken.
+ */
+#ifndef MAX_IO_SIZE
+# define MAX_IO_SIZE_DEFAULT (8*1024*1024)
+# if defined(SSIZE_MAX) && (SSIZE_MAX < MAX_IO_SIZE_DEFAULT)
+#  define MAX_IO_SIZE SSIZE_MAX
+# else
+#  define MAX_IO_SIZE MAX_IO_SIZE_DEFAULT
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * xopen() is the same as open(), but it die()s if the open() fails.
+ */
+int xopen(const char *path, int oflag, ...)
+{
+	mode_t mode = 0;
+	va_list ap;
+
+	/*
+	 * va_arg() will have undefined behavior if the specified type is not
+	 * compatible with the argument type. Since integers are promoted to
+	 * ints, we fetch the next argument as an int, and then cast it to a
+	 * mode_t to avoid undefined behavior.
+	 */
+	va_start(ap, oflag);
+	if (oflag & O_CREAT)
+		mode = va_arg(ap, int);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int fd = open(path, oflag, mode);
+		if (fd >= 0)
+			return fd;
+		if (errno == EINTR)
+			continue;
+
+		if ((oflag & O_RDWR) == O_RDWR)
+			die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading and writing"), path);
+		else if ((oflag & O_WRONLY) == O_WRONLY)
+			die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for writing"), path);
+		else
+			die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), path);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * xread() is the same a read(), but it automatically restarts read()
  * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xread()
  * DOES NOT GUARANTEE that "len" bytes is read even if the data is available.
@@ -117,10 +235,28 @@ void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+	    len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
 	while (1) {
 		nr = read(fd, buf, len);
-		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
-			continue;
+		if (nr < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINTR)
+				continue;
+			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+				struct pollfd pfd;
+				pfd.events = POLLIN;
+				pfd.fd = fd;
+				/*
+				 * it is OK if this poll() failed; we
+				 * want to leave this infinite loop
+				 * only when read() returns with
+				 * success, or an expected failure,
+				 * which would be checked by the next
+				 * call to read(2).
+				 */
+				poll(&pfd, 1, -1);
+			}
+		}
 		return nr;
 	}
 }
@@ -133,6 +269,8 @@ ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+	    len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
 	while (1) {
 		nr = write(fd, buf, len);
 		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
@@ -141,6 +279,24 @@ ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * xpread() is the same as pread(), but it automatically restarts pread()
+ * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xpread() DOES
+ * NOT GUARANTEE that "len" bytes is read even if the data is available.
+ */
+ssize_t xpread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len, off_t offset)
+{
+	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+		len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
+	while (1) {
+		nr = pread(fd, buf, len, offset);
+		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
+			continue;
+		return nr;
+	}
+}
+
 ssize_t read_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
 {
 	char *p = buf;
@@ -181,6 +337,26 @@ ssize_t write_in_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 	return total;
 }
 
+ssize_t pread_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset)
+{
+	char *p = buf;
+	ssize_t total = 0;
+
+	while (count > 0) {
+		ssize_t loaded = xpread(fd, p, count, offset);
+		if (loaded < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (loaded == 0)
+			return total;
+		count -= loaded;
+		p += loaded;
+		total += loaded;
+		offset += loaded;
+	}
+
+	return total;
+}
+
 int xdup(int fd)
 {
 	int ret = dup(fd);
@@ -189,6 +365,27 @@ int xdup(int fd)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/**
+ * xfopen() is the same as fopen(), but it die()s if the fopen() fails.
+ */
+FILE *xfopen(const char *path, const char *mode)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		FILE *fp = fopen(path, mode);
+		if (fp)
+			return fp;
+		if (errno == EINTR)
+			continue;
+
+		if (*mode && mode[1] == '+')
+			die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading and writing"), path);
+		else if (*mode == 'w' || *mode == 'a')
+			die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for writing"), path);
+		else
+			die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), path);
+	}
+}
+
 FILE *xfdopen(int fd, const char *mode)
 {
 	FILE *stream = fdopen(fd, mode);
@@ -197,6 +394,19 @@ FILE *xfdopen(int fd, const char *mode)
 	return stream;
 }
 
+FILE *fopen_for_writing(const char *path)
+{
+	FILE *ret = fopen(path, "w");
+
+	if (!ret && errno == EPERM) {
+		if (!unlink(path))
+			ret = fopen(path, "w");
+		else
+			errno = EPERM;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int xmkstemp(char *template)
 {
 	int fd;
@@ -208,7 +418,7 @@ int xmkstemp(char *template)
 		int saved_errno = errno;
 		const char *nonrelative_template;
 
-		if (!template[0])
+		if (strlen(template) != strlen(origtemplate))
 			template = origtemplate;
 
 		nonrelative_template = absolute_path(template);
@@ -236,23 +446,6 @@ int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t len, const char *template)
 	return mkstemp(path);
 }
 
-/* git_mkstemps() - create tmp file with suffix honoring TMPDIR variable. */
-int git_mkstemps(char *path, size_t len, const char *template, int suffix_len)
-{
-	const char *tmp;
-	size_t n;
-
-	tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
-	if (!tmp)
-		tmp = "/tmp";
-	n = snprintf(path, len, "%s/%s", tmp, template);
-	if (len <= n) {
-		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
-		return -1;
-	}
-	return mkstemps(path, suffix_len);
-}
-
 /* Adapted from libiberty's mkstemp.c. */
 
 #undef TMP_MAX
@@ -301,7 +494,7 @@ int git_mkstemps_mode(char *pattern, int suffix_len, int mode)
 		template[5] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
 
 		fd = open(pattern, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, mode);
-		if (fd > 0)
+		if (fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
 		/*
 		 * Fatal error (EPERM, ENOSPC etc).
@@ -327,10 +520,12 @@ int git_mkstemp_mode(char *pattern, int mode)
 	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, 0, mode);
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_MKSTEMPS
 int gitmkstemps(char *pattern, int suffix_len)
 {
 	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, suffix_len, 0600);
 }
+#endif
 
 int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode)
 {
@@ -356,17 +551,29 @@ int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode)
 
 static int warn_if_unremovable(const char *op, const char *file, int rc)
 {
-	if (rc < 0) {
-		int err = errno;
-		if (ENOENT != err) {
-			warning("unable to %s %s: %s",
-				op, file, strerror(errno));
-			errno = err;
-		}
-	}
+	int err;
+	if (!rc || errno == ENOENT)
+		return 0;
+	err = errno;
+	warning_errno("unable to %s %s", op, file);
+	errno = err;
 	return rc;
 }
 
+int unlink_or_msg(const char *file, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	int rc = unlink(file);
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	if (!rc || errno == ENOENT)
+		return 0;
+
+	strbuf_addf(err, "unable to unlink %s: %s",
+		    file, strerror(errno));
+	return -1;
+}
+
 int unlink_or_warn(const char *file)
 {
 	return warn_if_unremovable("unlink", file, unlink(file));
@@ -381,3 +588,111 @@ int remove_or_warn(unsigned int mode, const char *file)
 {
 	return S_ISGITLINK(mode) ? rmdir_or_warn(file) : unlink_or_warn(file);
 }
+
+void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path)
+{
+	warning_errno(_("unable to access '%s'"), path);
+}
+
+static int access_error_is_ok(int err, unsigned flag)
+{
+	return err == ENOENT || err == ENOTDIR ||
+		((flag & ACCESS_EACCES_OK) && err == EACCES);
+}
+
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
+{
+	int ret = access(path, mode);
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
+		warn_on_inaccessible(path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
+{
+	int ret = access(path, mode);
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
+		die_errno(_("unable to access '%s'"), path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+char *xgetcwd(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (strbuf_getcwd(&sb))
+		die_errno(_("unable to get current working directory"));
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+}
+
+int xsnprintf(char *dst, size_t max, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int len;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	len = vsnprintf(dst, max, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (len < 0)
+		die("BUG: your snprintf is broken");
+	if (len >= max)
+		die("BUG: attempt to snprintf into too-small buffer");
+	return len;
+}
+
+static int write_file_v(const char *path, int fatal,
+			const char *fmt, va_list params)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		if (fatal)
+			die_errno(_("could not open %s for writing"), path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, params);
+	strbuf_complete_line(&sb);
+	if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len) {
+		int err = errno;
+		close(fd);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		errno = err;
+		if (fatal)
+			die_errno(_("could not write to %s"), path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	if (close(fd)) {
+		if (fatal)
+			die_errno(_("could not close %s"), path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int write_file(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int status;
+	va_list params;
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	status = write_file_v(path, 1, fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	return status;
+}
+
+int write_file_gently(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int status;
+	va_list params;
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	status = write_file_v(path, 0, fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	return status;
+}
+
+void sleep_millisec(int millisec)
+{
+	poll(NULL, 0, millisec);
+}
diff --git a/write_or_die.c b/write_or_die.c
index d45b536021..981687945a 100644
--- a/write_or_die.c
+++ b/write_or_die.c
@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+static void check_pipe(int err)
+{
+	if (err == EPIPE) {
+		if (in_async())
+			async_exit(141);
+
+		signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+		raise(SIGPIPE);
+		/* Should never happen, but just in case... */
+		exit(141);
+	}
+}
 
 /*
  * Some cases use stdio, but want to flush after the write
@@ -34,17 +48,26 @@ void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *f, const char *desc)
 			return;
 	}
 	if (fflush(f)) {
-		/*
-		 * On Windows, EPIPE is returned only by the first write()
-		 * after the reading end has closed its handle; subsequent
-		 * write()s return EINVAL.
-		 */
-		if (errno == EPIPE || errno == EINVAL)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write failure on '%s'", desc);
 	}
 }
 
+void fprintf_or_die(FILE *f, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int ret;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = vfprintf(f, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		check_pipe(errno);
+		die_errno("write error");
+	}
+}
+
 void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (fsync(fd) < 0) {
@@ -55,8 +78,7 @@ void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *msg)
 void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write error");
 	}
 }
@@ -64,19 +86,7 @@ void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 int write_or_whine_pipe(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error (%s)\n",
-			msg, strerror(errno));
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return 1;
-}
-
-int write_or_whine(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg)
-{
-	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error (%s)\n",
 			msg, strerror(errno));
 		return 0;
diff --git a/ws.c b/ws.c
index b498d7599d..ea4b2b1dfd 100644
--- a/ws.c
+++ b/ws.c
@@ -33,11 +33,8 @@ unsigned parse_whitespace_rule(const char *string)
 		int negated = 0;
 
 		string = string + strspn(string, ", \t\n\r");
-		ep = strchr(string, ',');
-		if (!ep)
-			len = strlen(string);
-		else
-			len = ep - string;
+		ep = strchrnul(string, ',');
+		len = ep - string;
 
 		if (*string == '-') {
 			negated = 1;
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index 9ffc535f1a..4ce4e35ac3 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -8,9 +8,17 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
+
+static const char cut_line[] =
+"------------------------ >8 ------------------------\n";
 
 static char default_wt_status_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, /* WT_STATUS_HEADER */
@@ -43,9 +51,11 @@ static void status_vprintf(struct wt_status *s, int at_bol, const char *color,
 
 	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, ap);
 	if (!sb.len) {
-		strbuf_addch(&sb, '#');
-		if (!trail)
-			strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, comment_line_char);
+			if (!trail)
+				strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		}
 		color_print_strbuf(s->fp, color, &sb);
 		if (trail)
 			fprintf(s->fp, "%s", trail);
@@ -56,8 +66,8 @@ static void status_vprintf(struct wt_status *s, int at_bol, const char *color,
 		eol = strchr(line, '\n');
 
 		strbuf_reset(&linebuf);
-		if (at_bol) {
-			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, '#');
+		if (at_bol && s->display_comment_prefix) {
+			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, comment_line_char);
 			if (*line != '\n' && *line != '\t')
 				strbuf_addch(&linebuf, ' ');
 		}
@@ -98,8 +108,8 @@ void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color,
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color,
-			const char *fmt, ...)
+static void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color,
+			       const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
 
@@ -118,21 +128,48 @@ void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s)
 	s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_NORMAL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
 	s->use_color = -1;
 	s->relative_paths = 1;
-	s->branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+	s->branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
 	s->reference = "HEAD";
 	s->fp = stdout;
 	s->index_file = get_index_file();
 	s->change.strdup_strings = 1;
 	s->untracked.strdup_strings = 1;
 	s->ignored.strdup_strings = 1;
+	s->show_branch = -1;  /* unspecified */
+	s->display_comment_prefix = 0;
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
 {
+	int i;
+	int del_mod_conflict = 0;
+	int both_deleted = 0;
+	int not_deleted = 0;
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Unmerged paths:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it = &(s->change.items[i]);
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
+
+		switch (d->stagemask) {
+		case 0:
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			both_deleted = 1;
+			break;
+		case 3:
+		case 5:
+			del_mod_conflict = 1;
+			break;
+		default:
+			not_deleted = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 		;
@@ -140,8 +177,18 @@ static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"), s->reference);
 	else
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
+
+	if (!both_deleted) {
+		if (!del_mod_conflict)
+			status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
+	} else if (!del_mod_conflict && !not_deleted) {
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"));
+	} else {
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
+	}
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -149,7 +196,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes to be committed:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 		; /* NEEDSWORK: use "git reset --unresolve"??? */
@@ -157,7 +204,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"), s->reference);
 	else
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
@@ -167,7 +214,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes not staged for commit:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (!has_deleted)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"));
@@ -176,7 +223,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"));
 	if (has_dirty_submodules)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_other_header(struct wt_status *s,
@@ -184,40 +231,103 @@ static void wt_status_print_other_header(struct wt_status *s,
 					 const char *how)
 {
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("%s files:"), what);
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s:", what);
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"), how);
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_trailer(struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
+	status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
 }
 
 #define quote_path quote_path_relative
 
+static const char *wt_status_unmerged_status_string(int stagemask)
+{
+	switch (stagemask) {
+	case 1:
+		return _("both deleted:");
+	case 2:
+		return _("added by us:");
+	case 3:
+		return _("deleted by them:");
+	case 4:
+		return _("added by them:");
+	case 5:
+		return _("deleted by us:");
+	case 6:
+		return _("both added:");
+	case 7:
+		return _("both modified:");
+	default:
+		die(_("bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"), stagemask);
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *wt_status_diff_status_string(int status)
+{
+	switch (status) {
+	case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
+		return _("new file:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
+		return _("copied:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+		return _("deleted:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
+		return _("modified:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
+		return _("renamed:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
+		return _("typechange:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
+		return _("unknown:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
+		return _("unmerged:");
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int maxwidth(const char *(*label)(int), int minval, int maxval)
+{
+	int result = 0, i;
+
+	for (i = minval; i <= maxval; i++) {
+		const char *s = label(i);
+		int len = s ? utf8_strwidth(s) : 0;
+		if (len > result)
+			result = len;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
 static void wt_status_print_unmerged_data(struct wt_status *s,
 					  struct string_list_item *it)
 {
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_UNMERGED, s);
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 	struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *one, *how = _("bug");
+	static char *padding;
+	static int label_width;
+	const char *one, *how;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!padding) {
+		label_width = maxwidth(wt_status_unmerged_status_string, 1, 7);
+		label_width += strlen(" ");
+		padding = xmallocz(label_width);
+		memset(padding, ' ', label_width);
+	}
 
-	one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+	one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 	status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
-	switch (d->stagemask) {
-	case 1: how = _("both deleted:"); break;
-	case 2: how = _("added by us:"); break;
-	case 3: how = _("deleted by them:"); break;
-	case 4: how = _("added by them:"); break;
-	case 5: how = _("deleted by us:"); break;
-	case 6: how = _("both added:"); break;
-	case 7: how = _("both modified:"); break;
-	}
-	status_printf_more(s, c, "%-20s%s\n", how, one);
+
+	how = wt_status_unmerged_status_string(d->stagemask);
+	len = label_width - utf8_strwidth(how);
+	status_printf_more(s, c, "%s%.*s%s\n", how, len, padding, one);
 	strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 }
 
@@ -227,12 +337,24 @@ static void wt_status_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 	const char *c = color(change_type, s);
-	int status = status;
+	int status;
 	char *one_name;
 	char *two_name;
 	const char *one, *two;
 	struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT, twobuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf extra = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static char *padding;
+	static int label_width;
+	const char *what;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!padding) {
+		/* If DIFF_STATUS_* uses outside the range [A..Z], we're in trouble */
+		label_width = maxwidth(wt_status_diff_status_string, 'A', 'Z');
+		label_width += strlen(" ");
+		padding = xmallocz(label_width);
+		memset(padding, ' ', label_width);
+	}
 
 	one_name = two_name = it->string;
 	switch (change_type) {
@@ -255,40 +377,26 @@ static void wt_status_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
 		}
 		status = d->worktree_status;
 		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: unhandled change_type %d in wt_status_print_change_data",
+		    change_type);
 	}
 
-	one = quote_path(one_name, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
-	two = quote_path(two_name, -1, &twobuf, s->prefix);
+	one = quote_path(one_name, s->prefix, &onebuf);
+	two = quote_path(two_name, s->prefix, &twobuf);
 
 	status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
-	switch (status) {
-	case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("new file:   %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("copied:     %s -> %s"), one, two);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("deleted:    %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("modified:   %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("renamed:    %s -> %s"), one, two);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("typechange: %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("unknown:    %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("unmerged:   %s"), one);
-		break;
-	default:
+	what = wt_status_diff_status_string(status);
+	if (!what)
 		die(_("bug: unhandled diff status %c"), status);
-	}
+	len = label_width - utf8_strwidth(what);
+	assert(len >= 0);
+	if (status == DIFF_STATUS_COPIED || status == DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED)
+		status_printf_more(s, c, "%s%.*s%s -> %s",
+				   what, len, padding, one, two);
+	else
+		status_printf_more(s, c, "%s%.*s%s",
+				   what, len, padding, one);
 	if (extra.len) {
 		status_printf_more(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", extra.buf);
 		strbuf_release(&extra);
@@ -331,7 +439,7 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changed_cb(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 static int unmerged_mask(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos, mask;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 	if (0 <= pos)
@@ -397,7 +505,7 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_worktree(struct wt_status *s)
 	}
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = wt_status_collect_changed_cb;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = s;
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, s->pathspec);
+	copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, &s->pathspec);
 	run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
 }
 
@@ -411,9 +519,19 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_index(struct wt_status *s)
 	opt.def = s->is_initial ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : s->reference;
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, &opt);
 
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 	if (s->ignore_submodule_arg) {
-		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&rev.diffopt, s->ignore_submodule_arg);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Unless the user did explicitly request a submodule ignore
+		 * mode by passing a command line option we do not ignore any
+		 * changed submodule SHA-1s when comparing index and HEAD, no
+		 * matter what is configured. Otherwise the user won't be
+		 * shown any submodules she manually added (and which are
+		 * staged to be committed), which would be really confusing.
+		 */
+		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&rev.diffopt, "dirty");
 	}
 
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
@@ -422,22 +540,20 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_index(struct wt_status *s)
 	rev.diffopt.detect_rename = 1;
 	rev.diffopt.rename_limit = 200;
 	rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, s->pathspec);
+	copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, &s->pathspec);
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_collect_changes_initial(struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int i;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, s->pathspec);
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &s->pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		it = string_list_insert(&s->change, ce->name);
 		d = it->util;
@@ -452,45 +568,51 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_initial(struct wt_status *s)
 		else
 			d->index_status = DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
 	}
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_collect_untracked(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	uint64_t t_begin = getnanotime();
 
 	if (!s->show_untracked_files)
 		return;
+
 	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 	if (s->show_untracked_files != SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES)
 		dir.flags |=
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES | DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
+	if (s->show_ignored_files)
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO;
+	else
+		dir.untracked = the_index.untracked;
 	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
+	fill_directory(&dir, &s->pathspec);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
 		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-		    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
+		    dir_path_match(ent, &s->pathspec, 0, NULL))
 			string_list_insert(&s->untracked, ent->name);
 		free(ent);
 	}
 
-	if (s->show_ignored_files) {
-		dir.nr = 0;
-		dir.flags = DIR_SHOW_IGNORED | DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
-		fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-			struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
-			if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-			    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
-				string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
-			free(ent);
-		}
+	for (i = 0; i < dir.ignored_nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.ignored[i];
+		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
+		    dir_path_match(ent, &s->pathspec, 0, NULL))
+			string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
+		free(ent);
 	}
 
 	free(dir.entries);
+	free(dir.ignored);
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	if (advice_status_u_option)
+		s->untracked_in_ms = (getnanotime() - t_begin) / 1000000;
 }
 
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -605,33 +727,48 @@ static void wt_status_print_changed(struct wt_status *s)
 
 static void wt_status_print_submodule_summary(struct wt_status *s, int uncommitted)
 {
-	struct child_process sm_summary;
-	char summary_limit[64];
-	char index[PATH_MAX];
-	const char *env[] = { NULL, NULL };
-	const char *argv[8];
-
-	env[0] =	index;
-	argv[0] =	"submodule";
-	argv[1] =	"summary";
-	argv[2] =	uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached";
-	argv[3] =	"--for-status";
-	argv[4] =	"--summary-limit";
-	argv[5] =	summary_limit;
-	argv[6] =	uncommitted ? NULL : (s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
-	argv[7] =	NULL;
-
-	sprintf(summary_limit, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
-	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", s->index_file);
-
-	memset(&sm_summary, 0, sizeof(sm_summary));
-	sm_summary.argv = argv;
-	sm_summary.env = env;
+	struct child_process sm_summary = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf cmd_stdout = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf summary = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *summary_content;
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&sm_summary.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
+			 s->index_file);
+
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "submodule");
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "summary");
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached");
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "--for-status");
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "--summary-limit");
+	argv_array_pushf(&sm_summary.args, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
+	if (!uncommitted)
+		argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
+
 	sm_summary.git_cmd = 1;
 	sm_summary.no_stdin = 1;
-	fflush(s->fp);
-	sm_summary.out = dup(fileno(s->fp));    /* run_command closes it */
-	run_command(&sm_summary);
+
+	capture_command(&sm_summary, &cmd_stdout, 1024);
+
+	/* prepend header, only if there's an actual output */
+	if (cmd_stdout.len) {
+		if (uncommitted)
+			strbuf_addstr(&summary, _("Submodules changed but not updated:"));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&summary, _("Submodule changes to be committed:"));
+		strbuf_addstr(&summary, "\n\n");
+	}
+	strbuf_addbuf(&summary, &cmd_stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&cmd_stdout);
+
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+		size_t len;
+		summary_content = strbuf_detach(&summary, &len);
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&summary, summary_content, len);
+		free(summary_content);
+	}
+
+	fputs(summary.buf, s->fp);
+	strbuf_release(&summary);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
@@ -641,6 +778,8 @@ static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 {
 	int i;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct string_list output = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct column_options copts;
 
 	if (!l->nr)
 		return;
@@ -649,12 +788,59 @@ static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 
 	for (i = 0; i < l->nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
+		const char *path;
 		it = &(l->items[i]);
+		path = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &buf);
+		if (column_active(s->colopts)) {
+			string_list_append(&output, path);
+			continue;
+		}
 		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
 		status_printf_more(s, color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s),
-			"%s\n", quote_path(it->string, strlen(it->string),
-					    &buf, s->prefix));
+				   "%s\n", path);
 	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	if (!column_active(s->colopts))
+		goto conclude;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s\t%s",
+		    color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
+		    s->display_comment_prefix ? "#" : "",
+		    color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s));
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.padding = 1;
+	copts.indent = buf.buf;
+	if (want_color(s->use_color))
+		copts.nl = GIT_COLOR_RESET "\n";
+	print_columns(&output, s->colopts, &copts);
+	string_list_clear(&output, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+conclude:
+	status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "%s", "");
+}
+
+void wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	struct strbuf pattern = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&pattern, "\n%c %s", comment_line_char, cut_line);
+	if (starts_with(buf->buf, pattern.buf + 1))
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
+	else if ((p = strstr(buf->buf, pattern.buf)))
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, p - buf->buf + 1);
+	strbuf_release(&pattern);
+}
+
+void wt_status_add_cut_line(FILE *fp)
+{
+	const char *explanation = _("Do not touch the line above.\nEverything below will be removed.");
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	fprintf(fp, "%c %s", comment_line_char, cut_line);
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, explanation, strlen(explanation));
+	fputs(buf.buf, fp);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
@@ -662,6 +848,8 @@ static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
+	int dirty_submodules;
+	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
@@ -678,58 +866,635 @@ static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
 	 * If we're not going to stdout, then we definitely don't
 	 * want color, since we are going to the commit message
 	 * file (and even the "auto" setting won't work, since it
-	 * will have checked isatty on stdout).
+	 * will have checked isatty on stdout). But we then do want
+	 * to insert the scissor line here to reliably remove the
+	 * diff before committing.
 	 */
-	if (s->fp != stdout)
+	if (s->fp != stdout) {
 		rev.diffopt.use_color = 0;
+		wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
+	}
+	if (s->verbose > 1 && s->commitable) {
+		/* print_updated() printed a header, so do we */
+		if (s->fp != stdout)
+			wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes to be committed:"));
+		rev.diffopt.a_prefix = "c/";
+		rev.diffopt.b_prefix = "i/";
+	} /* else use prefix as per user config */
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
+	if (s->verbose > 1 &&
+	    wt_status_check_worktree_changes(s, &dirty_submodules)) {
+		status_printf_ln(s, c,
+			"--------------------------------------------------");
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes not staged for commit:"));
+		setup_work_tree();
+		rev.diffopt.a_prefix = "i/";
+		rev.diffopt.b_prefix = "w/";
+		run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
+	}
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *cp, *ep;
+	const char *cp, *ep, *branch_name;
 	struct branch *branch;
+	char comment_line_string[3];
+	int i;
 
 	assert(s->branch && !s->is_initial);
-	if (prefixcmp(s->branch, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (!skip_prefix(s->branch, "refs/heads/", &branch_name))
 		return;
-	branch = branch_get(s->branch + 11);
+	branch = branch_get(branch_name);
 	if (!format_tracking_info(branch, &sb))
 		return;
 
+	i = 0;
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+		comment_line_string[i++] = comment_line_char;
+		comment_line_string[i++] = ' ';
+	}
+	comment_line_string[i] = '\0';
+
 	for (cp = sb.buf; (ep = strchr(cp, '\n')) != NULL; cp = ep + 1)
 		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
-				 "# %.*s", (int)(ep - cp), cp);
-	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+				 "%s%.*s", comment_line_string,
+				 (int)(ep - cp), cp);
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix)
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%c",
+				 comment_line_char);
+	else
+		fputs("", s->fp);
+}
+
+static int has_unmerged(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		d = s->change.items[i].util;
+		if (d->stagemask)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_merge_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
+		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You have unmerged paths."));
+		if (s->hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"));
+	} else {
+		s-> commitable = 1;
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."));
+		if (s->hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_am_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color,
+		_("You are in the middle of an am session."));
+	if (state->am_empty_patch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("The current patch is empty."));
+	if (s->hints) {
+		if (!state->am_empty_patch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static char *read_line_from_git_path(const char *filename)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *fp = fopen(git_path("%s", filename), "r");
+	if (!fp) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, fp);
+	if (!fclose(fp)) {
+		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int split_commit_in_progress(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int split_in_progress = 0;
+	char *head = read_line_from_git_path("HEAD");
+	char *orig_head = read_line_from_git_path("ORIG_HEAD");
+	char *rebase_amend = read_line_from_git_path("rebase-merge/amend");
+	char *rebase_orig_head = read_line_from_git_path("rebase-merge/orig-head");
+
+	if (!head || !orig_head || !rebase_amend || !rebase_orig_head ||
+	    !s->branch || strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"))
+		return split_in_progress;
+
+	if (!strcmp(rebase_amend, rebase_orig_head)) {
+		if (strcmp(head, rebase_amend))
+			split_in_progress = 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(orig_head, rebase_orig_head)) {
+		split_in_progress = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!s->amend && !s->nowarn && !s->workdir_dirty)
+		split_in_progress = 0;
+
+	free(head);
+	free(orig_head);
+	free(rebase_amend);
+	free(rebase_orig_head);
+	return split_in_progress;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Turn
+ * "pick d6a2f0303e897ec257dd0e0a39a5ccb709bc2047 some message"
+ * into
+ * "pick d6a2f03 some message"
+ *
+ * The function assumes that the line does not contain useless spaces
+ * before or after the command.
+ */
+static void abbrev_sha1_in_line(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	struct strbuf **split;
+	int i;
+
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "exec ") ||
+	    starts_with(line->buf, "x "))
+		return;
+
+	split = strbuf_split_max(line, ' ', 3);
+	if (split[0] && split[1]) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *abbrev;
+
+		/*
+		 * strbuf_split_max left a space. Trim it and re-add
+		 * it after abbreviation.
+		 */
+		strbuf_trim(split[1]);
+		if (!get_sha1(split[1]->buf, sha1)) {
+			abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+			strbuf_reset(split[1]);
+			strbuf_addf(split[1], "%s ", abbrev);
+			strbuf_reset(line);
+			for (i = 0; split[i]; i++)
+				strbuf_addf(line, "%s", split[i]->buf);
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_list_free(split);
+}
+
+static void read_rebase_todolist(const char *fname, struct string_list *lines)
+{
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("%s", fname), "r");
+
+	if (!f)
+		die_errno("Could not open file %s for reading",
+			  git_path("%s", fname));
+	while (!strbuf_getline_lf(&line, f)) {
+		if (line.len && line.buf[0] == comment_line_char)
+			continue;
+		strbuf_trim(&line);
+		if (!line.len)
+			continue;
+		abbrev_sha1_in_line(&line);
+		string_list_append(lines, line.buf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_rebase_information(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	if (state->rebase_interactive_in_progress) {
+		int i;
+		int nr_lines_to_show = 2;
+
+		struct string_list have_done = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		struct string_list yet_to_do = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+		read_rebase_todolist("rebase-merge/done", &have_done);
+		read_rebase_todolist("rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo", &yet_to_do);
+
+		if (have_done.nr == 0)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color, _("No commands done."));
+		else {
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				Q_("Last command done (%d command done):",
+					"Last commands done (%d commands done):",
+					have_done.nr),
+				have_done.nr);
+			for (i = (have_done.nr > nr_lines_to_show)
+				? have_done.nr - nr_lines_to_show : 0;
+				i < have_done.nr;
+				i++)
+				status_printf_ln(s, color, "   %s", have_done.items[i].string);
+			if (have_done.nr > nr_lines_to_show && s->hints)
+				status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					_("  (see more in file %s)"), git_path("rebase-merge/done"));
+		}
+
+		if (yet_to_do.nr == 0)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("No commands remaining."));
+		else {
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				Q_("Next command to do (%d remaining command):",
+					"Next commands to do (%d remaining commands):",
+					yet_to_do.nr),
+				yet_to_do.nr);
+			for (i = 0; i < nr_lines_to_show && i < yet_to_do.nr; i++)
+				status_printf_ln(s, color, "   %s", yet_to_do.items[i].string);
+			if (s->hints)
+				status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					_("  (use \"git rebase --edit-todo\" to view and edit)"));
+		}
+		string_list_clear(&yet_to_do, 0);
+		string_list_clear(&have_done, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+static void print_rebase_state(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	if (state->branch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+				 state->branch,
+				 state->onto);
+	else
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+}
+
+static void show_rebase_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	show_rebase_information(s, state, color);
+	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
+		print_rebase_state(s, state, color);
+		if (s->hints) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"));
+		}
+	} else if (state->rebase_in_progress || !stat(git_path_merge_msg(), &st)) {
+		print_rebase_state(s, state, color);
+		if (s->hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+	} else if (split_commit_in_progress(s)) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (s->hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+	} else {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (s->hints && !s->amend) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"));
+		}
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_cherry_pick_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."),
+			find_unique_abbrev(state->cherry_pick_head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (s->hints) {
+		if (has_unmerged(s))
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_revert_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently reverting commit %s."),
+			 find_unique_abbrev(state->revert_head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (s->hints) {
+		if (has_unmerged(s))
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_bisect_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	if (state->branch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."),
+				 state->branch);
+	else
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting."));
+	if (s->hints)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"));
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract branch information from rebase/bisect
+ */
+static char *get_branch(const struct worktree *wt, const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *branch_name;
+
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, worktree_git_path(wt, "%s", path), 0) <= 0)
+		goto got_nothing;
+
+	while (sb.len && sb.buf[sb.len - 1] == '\n')
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, sb.len - 1);
+	if (!sb.len)
+		goto got_nothing;
+	if (skip_prefix(sb.buf, "refs/heads/", &branch_name))
+		strbuf_remove(&sb, 0, branch_name - sb.buf);
+	else if (starts_with(sb.buf, "refs/"))
+		;
+	else if (!get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, sha1)) {
+		const char *abbrev;
+		abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, abbrev);
+	} else if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "detached HEAD")) /* rebase */
+		goto got_nothing;
+	else			/* bisect */
+		;
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+
+got_nothing:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata {
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	unsigned char nsha1[20];
+};
+
+static int grab_1st_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+			   const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+			   const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
+	const char *target = NULL, *end;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(message, "checkout: moving from ", &message))
+		return 0;
+	target = strstr(message, " to ");
+	if (!target)
+		return 0;
+	target += strlen(" to ");
+	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+	hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+	end = strchrnul(target, '\n');
+	strbuf_add(&cb->buf, target, end - target);
+	if (!strcmp(cb->buf.buf, "HEAD")) {
+		/* HEAD is relative. Resolve it to the right reflog entry. */
+		strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+		strbuf_addstr(&cb->buf,
+			      find_unique_abbrev(nsha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void wt_status_get_detached_from(struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata cb;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *ref = NULL;
+
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 0);
+	if (for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_1st_switch, &cb) <= 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (dwim_ref(cb.buf.buf, cb.buf.len, sha1, &ref) == 1 &&
+	    /* sha1 is a commit? match without further lookup */
+	    (!hashcmp(cb.nsha1, sha1) ||
+	     /* perhaps sha1 is a tag, try to dereference to a commit */
+	     ((commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) != NULL &&
+	      !hashcmp(cb.nsha1, commit->object.oid.hash)))) {
+		const char *from = ref;
+		if (!skip_prefix(from, "refs/tags/", &from))
+			skip_prefix(from, "refs/remotes/", &from);
+		state->detached_from = xstrdup(from);
+	} else
+		state->detached_from =
+			xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(cb.nsha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	hashcpy(state->detached_sha1, cb.nsha1);
+	state->detached_at = !get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) &&
+			     !hashcmp(sha1, state->detached_sha1);
+
+	free(ref);
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+}
+
+int wt_status_check_rebase(const struct worktree *wt,
+			   struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (!stat(worktree_git_path(wt, "rebase-apply"), &st)) {
+		if (!stat(worktree_git_path(wt, "rebase-apply/applying"), &st)) {
+			state->am_in_progress = 1;
+			if (!stat(worktree_git_path(wt, "rebase-apply/patch"), &st) && !st.st_size)
+				state->am_empty_patch = 1;
+		} else {
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+			state->branch = get_branch(wt, "rebase-apply/head-name");
+			state->onto = get_branch(wt, "rebase-apply/onto");
+		}
+	} else if (!stat(worktree_git_path(wt, "rebase-merge"), &st)) {
+		if (!stat(worktree_git_path(wt, "rebase-merge/interactive"), &st))
+			state->rebase_interactive_in_progress = 1;
+		else
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = get_branch(wt, "rebase-merge/head-name");
+		state->onto = get_branch(wt, "rebase-merge/onto");
+	} else
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int wt_status_check_bisect(const struct worktree *wt,
+			   struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (!stat(worktree_git_path(wt, "BISECT_LOG"), &st)) {
+		state->bisect_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = get_branch(wt, "BISECT_START");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state,
+			 int get_detached_from)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (!stat(git_path_merge_head(), &st)) {
+		state->merge_in_progress = 1;
+	} else if (wt_status_check_rebase(NULL, state)) {
+		;		/* all set */
+	} else if (!stat(git_path_cherry_pick_head(), &st) &&
+			!get_sha1("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", sha1)) {
+		state->cherry_pick_in_progress = 1;
+		hashcpy(state->cherry_pick_head_sha1, sha1);
+	}
+	wt_status_check_bisect(NULL, state);
+	if (!stat(git_path_revert_head(), &st) &&
+	    !get_sha1("REVERT_HEAD", sha1)) {
+		state->revert_in_progress = 1;
+		hashcpy(state->revert_head_sha1, sha1);
+	}
+
+	if (get_detached_from)
+		wt_status_get_detached_from(state);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_state(struct wt_status *s,
+				  struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	if (state->merge_in_progress)
+		show_merge_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->am_in_progress)
+		show_am_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->rebase_in_progress || state->rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		show_rebase_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->cherry_pick_in_progress)
+		show_cherry_pick_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->revert_in_progress)
+		show_revert_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	if (state->bisect_in_progress)
+		show_bisect_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
 }
 
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH, s);
 	const char *branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state,
+			    s->branch && !strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"));
 
 	if (s->branch) {
 		const char *on_what = _("On branch ");
 		const char *branch_name = s->branch;
-		if (!prefixcmp(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
-			branch_name += 11;
-		else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
-			branch_name = "";
+		if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
 			branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
-			on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
-		}
-		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
+			if (state.rebase_in_progress || state.rebase_interactive_in_progress) {
+				if (state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+					on_what = _("interactive rebase in progress; onto ");
+				else
+					on_what = _("rebase in progress; onto ");
+				branch_name = state.onto;
+			} else if (state.detached_from) {
+				branch_name = state.detached_from;
+				if (state.detached_at)
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached at ");
+				else
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached from ");
+			} else {
+				branch_name = "";
+				on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			}
+		} else
+			skip_prefix(branch_name, "refs/heads/", &branch_name);
+		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
 		status_printf_more(s, branch_status_color, "%s", on_what);
 		status_printf_more(s, branch_color, "%s\n", branch_name);
 		if (!s->is_initial)
 			wt_status_print_tracking(s);
 	}
 
+	wt_status_print_state(s, &state);
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+
 	if (s->is_initial) {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
+		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
 		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), _("Initial commit"));
-		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
+		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
 	}
 
 	wt_status_print_updated(s);
@@ -742,12 +1507,20 @@ void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 		wt_status_print_submodule_summary(s, 1);  /* unstaged */
 	}
 	if (s->show_untracked_files) {
-		wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked"), "add");
+		wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked files"), "add");
 		if (s->show_ignored_files)
-			wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored"), "add -f");
+			wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored files"), "add -f");
+		if (advice_status_u_option && 2000 < s->untracked_in_ms) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "%s", "");
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+					 _("It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+					   "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+					   "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."),
+					 s->untracked_in_ms / 1000.0);
+		}
 	} else if (s->commitable)
 		status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("Untracked files not listed%s"),
-			advice_status_hints
+			s->hints
 			? _(" (use -u option to show untracked files)") : "");
 
 	if (s->verbose)
@@ -757,27 +1530,35 @@ void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("No changes"));
 		else if (s->nowarn)
 			; /* nothing */
-		else if (s->workdir_dirty)
-			printf(_("no changes added to commit%s\n"),
-				advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")") : "");
-		else if (s->untracked.nr)
-			printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"),
-				advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use \"git add\" to track)") : "");
-		else if (s->is_initial)
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)") : "");
-		else if (!s->show_untracked_files)
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use -u to show untracked files)") : "");
-		else
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (working directory clean)") : "");
+		else if (s->workdir_dirty) {
+			if (s->hints)
+				printf(_("no changes added to commit "
+					 "(use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("no changes added to commit\n"));
+		} else if (s->untracked.nr) {
+			if (s->hints)
+				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files "
+					 "present (use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"));
+		} else if (s->is_initial) {
+			if (s->hints)
+				printf(_("nothing to commit (create/copy files "
+					 "and use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
+		} else if (!s->show_untracked_files) {
+			if (s->hints)
+				printf(_("nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
+		} else
+			printf(_("nothing to commit, working tree clean\n"));
 	}
 }
 
-static void wt_shortstatus_unmerged(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+static void wt_shortstatus_unmerged(struct string_list_item *it,
 			   struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
@@ -793,18 +1574,18 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_unmerged(int null_termination, struct string_list_ite
 	case 7: how = "UU"; break; /* both modified */
 	}
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNMERGED, s), "%s", how);
-	if (null_termination) {
+	if (s->null_termination) {
 		fprintf(stdout, " %s%c", it->string, 0);
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		printf(" %s\n", one);
 		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 	}
 }
 
-static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+static void wt_shortstatus_status(struct string_list_item *it,
 			 struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
@@ -818,7 +1599,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item
 	else
 		putchar(' ');
 	putchar(' ');
-	if (null_termination) {
+	if (s->null_termination) {
 		fprintf(stdout, "%s%c", it->string, 0);
 		if (d->head_path)
 			fprintf(stdout, "%s%c", d->head_path, 0);
@@ -826,7 +1607,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
 		if (d->head_path) {
-			one = quote_path(d->head_path, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+			one = quote_path(d->head_path, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 			if (*one != '"' && strchr(one, ' ') != NULL) {
 				putchar('"');
 				strbuf_addch(&onebuf, '"');
@@ -835,7 +1616,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item
 			printf("%s -> ", one);
 			strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 		}
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		if (*one != '"' && strchr(one, ' ') != NULL) {
 			putchar('"');
 			strbuf_addch(&onebuf, '"');
@@ -846,15 +1627,15 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item
 	}
 }
 
-static void wt_shortstatus_other(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+static void wt_shortstatus_other(struct string_list_item *it,
 				 struct wt_status *s, const char *sign)
 {
-	if (null_termination) {
+	if (s->null_termination) {
 		fprintf(stdout, "%s %s%c", sign, it->string, 0);
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s), "%s", sign);
 		printf(" %s\n", one);
 		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
@@ -871,6 +1652,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 	const char *base;
 	const char *branch_name;
 	int num_ours, num_theirs;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "## ");
 
@@ -878,50 +1660,64 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 		return;
 	branch_name = s->branch;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
-		branch_name += 11;
-	else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
-		branch_name = _("HEAD (no branch)");
-		branch_color_local = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
-	}
-
-	branch = branch_get(s->branch + 11);
 	if (s->is_initial)
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("Initial commit on "));
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs)) {
-		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, branch_color_local,
-			"%s", branch_name);
-		return;
+
+	if (!strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD")) {
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s), "%s",
+			      _("HEAD (no branch)"));
+		goto conclude;
 	}
 
-	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
-	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
+	skip_prefix(branch_name, "refs/heads/", &branch_name);
+
+	branch = branch_get(branch_name);
+
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
+
+	if (stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs, &base) < 0) {
+		if (!base)
+			goto conclude;
+
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+	}
+
+	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, "...");
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%s", base);
+	free((char *)base);
+
+	if (!upstream_is_gone && !num_ours && !num_theirs)
+		goto conclude;
+
+#define LABEL(string) (s->no_gettext ? (string) : _(string))
 
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, " [");
-	if (!num_ours) {
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("behind "));
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, LABEL(N_("gone")));
+	} else if (!num_ours) {
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, LABEL(N_("behind ")));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%d", num_theirs);
 	} else if (!num_theirs) {
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("ahead "));
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, LABEL(N_("ahead ")));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%d", num_ours);
 	} else {
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("ahead "));
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, LABEL(N_("ahead ")));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%d", num_ours);
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _(", behind "));
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, ", %s", LABEL(N_("behind ")));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%d", num_theirs);
 	}
 
-	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, header_color, "]");
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, "]");
+ conclude:
+	fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
 }
 
-void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination, int show_branch)
+void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	if (show_branch)
+	if (s->show_branch)
 		wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(s);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
@@ -931,28 +1727,29 @@ void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination, int show_br
 		it = &(s->change.items[i]);
 		d = it->util;
 		if (d->stagemask)
-			wt_shortstatus_unmerged(null_termination, it, s);
+			wt_shortstatus_unmerged(it, s);
 		else
-			wt_shortstatus_status(null_termination, it, s);
+			wt_shortstatus_status(it, s);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < s->untracked.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 
 		it = &(s->untracked.items[i]);
-		wt_shortstatus_other(null_termination, it, s, "??");
+		wt_shortstatus_other(it, s, "??");
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < s->ignored.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 
 		it = &(s->ignored.items[i]);
-		wt_shortstatus_other(null_termination, it, s, "!!");
+		wt_shortstatus_other(it, s, "!!");
 	}
 }
 
-void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination)
+void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	s->use_color = 0;
 	s->relative_paths = 0;
 	s->prefix = NULL;
-	wt_shortstatus_print(s, null_termination, 0);
+	s->no_gettext = 1;
+	wt_shortstatus_print(s);
 }
diff --git a/wt-status.h b/wt-status.h
index 682b4c8f7d..2ca93f6957 100644
--- a/wt-status.h
+++ b/wt-status.h
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "color.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
+struct worktree;
 
 enum color_wt_status {
 	WT_STATUS_HEADER = 0,
@@ -44,18 +47,24 @@ struct wt_status {
 	int is_initial;
 	char *branch;
 	const char *reference;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int verbose;
 	int amend;
 	enum commit_whence whence;
 	int nowarn;
 	int use_color;
+	int no_gettext;
+	int display_comment_prefix;
 	int relative_paths;
 	int submodule_summary;
 	int show_ignored_files;
 	enum untracked_status_type show_untracked_files;
 	const char *ignore_submodule_arg;
 	char color_palette[WT_STATUS_MAXSLOT][COLOR_MAXLEN];
+	unsigned colopts;
+	int null_termination;
+	int show_branch;
+	int hints;
 
 	/* These are computed during processing of the individual sections */
 	int commitable;
@@ -66,20 +75,44 @@ struct wt_status {
 	struct string_list change;
 	struct string_list untracked;
 	struct string_list ignored;
+	uint32_t untracked_in_ms;
+};
+
+struct wt_status_state {
+	int merge_in_progress;
+	int am_in_progress;
+	int am_empty_patch;
+	int rebase_in_progress;
+	int rebase_interactive_in_progress;
+	int cherry_pick_in_progress;
+	int bisect_in_progress;
+	int revert_in_progress;
+	int detached_at;
+	char *branch;
+	char *onto;
+	char *detached_from;
+	unsigned char detached_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char revert_head_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char cherry_pick_head_sha1[20];
 };
 
+void wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(struct strbuf *);
+void wt_status_add_cut_line(FILE *fp);
 void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state, int get_detached_from);
+int wt_status_check_rebase(const struct worktree *wt,
+			   struct wt_status_state *state);
+int wt_status_check_bisect(const struct worktree *wt,
+			   struct wt_status_state *state);
 
-void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination, int show_branch);
-void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination);
+void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s);
 
-void status_printf_ln(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	;
-void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	;
-void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	__attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+void status_printf_ln(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
 
 #endif /* STATUS_H */
diff --git a/xdiff-interface.c b/xdiff-interface.c
index 0e2c169227..f34ea762e4 100644
--- a/xdiff-interface.c
+++ b/xdiff-interface.c
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ static int xdiff_outf(void *priv_, mmbuffer_t *mb, int nbuf)
 
 /*
  * Trim down common substring at the end of the buffers,
- * but leave at least ctx lines at the end.
+ * but end on a complete line.
  */
-static void trim_common_tail(mmfile_t *a, mmfile_t *b, long ctx)
+static void trim_common_tail(mmfile_t *a, mmfile_t *b)
 {
 	const int blk = 1024;
 	long trimmed = 0, recovered = 0;
@@ -110,9 +110,6 @@ static void trim_common_tail(mmfile_t *a, mmfile_t *b, long ctx)
 	char *bp = b->ptr + b->size;
 	long smaller = (a->size < b->size) ? a->size : b->size;
 
-	if (ctx)
-		return;
-
 	while (blk + trimmed <= smaller && !memcmp(ap - blk, bp - blk, blk)) {
 		trimmed += blk;
 		ap -= blk;
@@ -131,7 +128,11 @@ int xdi_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t co
 	mmfile_t a = *mf1;
 	mmfile_t b = *mf2;
 
-	trim_common_tail(&a, &b, xecfg->ctxlen);
+	if (mf1->size > MAX_XDIFF_SIZE || mf2->size > MAX_XDIFF_SIZE)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!xecfg->ctxlen && !(xecfg->flags & XDL_EMIT_FUNCCONTEXT))
+		trim_common_tail(&a, &b);
 
 	return xdl_diff(&a, &b, xpp, xecfg, xecb);
 }
@@ -156,50 +157,6 @@ int xdi_diff_outf(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state {
-	xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn consume;
-	void *consume_callback_data;
-};
-
-static int process_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
-			xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
-{
-	long s1, s2, same, p_next, t_next;
-	xdchange_t *xch, *xche;
-	struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state *state = ecb->priv;
-	xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn = state->consume;
-	void *consume_callback_data = state->consume_callback_data;
-
-	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
-		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
-
-		s1 = XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
-		s2 = XDL_MAX(xch->i2 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
-		same = s2 + XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - s1, 0);
-		p_next = xche->i1 + xche->chg1;
-		t_next = xche->i2 + xche->chg2;
-
-		fn(consume_callback_data, same, p_next, t_next);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int xdi_diff_hunks(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
-		   xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
-		   xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t *xecfg)
-{
-	struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state state;
-	xdemitcb_t ecb;
-
-	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
-	memset(&ecb, 0, sizeof(ecb));
-	state.consume = fn;
-	state.consume_callback_data = consume_callback_data;
-	xecfg->emit_func = (void (*)())process_diff;
-	ecb.priv = &state;
-	return xdi_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xecfg, &ecb);
-}
-
 int read_mmfile(mmfile_t *ptr, const char *filename)
 {
 	struct stat st;
@@ -306,7 +263,7 @@ void xdiff_set_find_func(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *value, int cflags)
 	for (i = 0, regs->nr = 1; value[i]; i++)
 		if (value[i] == '\n')
 			regs->nr++;
-	regs->array = xmalloc(regs->nr * sizeof(struct ff_reg));
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(regs->array, regs->nr);
 	for (i = 0; i < regs->nr; i++) {
 		struct ff_reg *reg = regs->array + i;
 		const char *ep = strchr(value, '\n'), *expression;
diff --git a/xdiff-interface.h b/xdiff-interface.h
index 49d1116fc3..fbb5a1c394 100644
--- a/xdiff-interface.h
+++ b/xdiff-interface.h
@@ -3,16 +3,19 @@
 
 #include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
 
+/*
+ * xdiff isn't equipped to handle content over a gigabyte;
+ * we make the cutoff 1GB - 1MB to give some breathing
+ * room for constant-sized additions (e.g., merge markers)
+ */
+#define MAX_XDIFF_SIZE (1024UL * 1024 * 1023)
+
 typedef void (*xdiff_emit_consume_fn)(void *, char *, unsigned long);
-typedef void (*xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn)(void *, long, long, long);
 
 int xdi_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
 int xdi_diff_outf(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
 		  xdiff_emit_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
 		  xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
-int xdi_diff_hunks(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
-		   xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
-		   xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t *xecfg);
 int parse_hunk_header(char *line, int len,
 		      int *ob, int *on,
 		      int *nb, int *nn);
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiff.h b/xdiff/xdiff.h
index 00d36c3ac7..7423f77fc8 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiff.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiff.h
@@ -32,17 +32,18 @@ extern "C" {
 #define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE (1 << 2)
 #define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE (1 << 3)
 #define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL (1 << 4)
+#define XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL)
+
 #define XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF (1 << 5)
 #define XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF (1 << 6)
-#define XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL)
+#define XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK (XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF | XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
+#define XDF_DIFF_ALG(x) ((x) & XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK)
 
-#define XDL_PATCH_NORMAL '-'
-#define XDL_PATCH_REVERSE '+'
-#define XDL_PATCH_MODEMASK ((1 << 8) - 1)
-#define XDL_PATCH_IGNOREBSPACE (1 << 8)
+#define XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES (1 << 7)
+
+#define XDF_COMPACTION_HEURISTIC (1 << 8)
 
 #define XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES (1 << 0)
-#define XDL_EMIT_COMMON (1 << 1)
 #define XDL_EMIT_FUNCCONTEXT (1 << 2)
 
 #define XDL_MMB_READONLY (1 << 0)
@@ -88,13 +89,17 @@ typedef struct s_xdemitcb {
 
 typedef long (*find_func_t)(const char *line, long line_len, char *buffer, long buffer_size, void *priv);
 
+typedef int (*xdl_emit_hunk_consume_func_t)(long start_a, long count_a,
+					    long start_b, long count_b,
+					    void *cb_data);
+
 typedef struct s_xdemitconf {
 	long ctxlen;
 	long interhunkctxlen;
 	unsigned long flags;
 	find_func_t find_func;
 	void *find_func_priv;
-	void (*emit_func)();
+	xdl_emit_hunk_consume_func_t hunk_func;
 } xdemitconf_t;
 
 typedef struct s_bdiffparam {
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.c b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
index 75a3922750..b3c6848875 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.c
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
@@ -328,10 +328,10 @@ int xdl_do_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 	xdalgoenv_t xenv;
 	diffdata_t dd1, dd2;
 
-	if (xpp->flags & XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF)
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) == XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF)
 		return xdl_do_patience_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xe);
 
-	if (xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) == XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
 		return xdl_do_histogram_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xe);
 
 	if (xdl_prepare_env(mf1, mf2, xpp, xe) < 0) {
@@ -394,14 +394,29 @@ static xdchange_t *xdl_add_change(xdchange_t *xscr, long i1, long i2, long chg1,
 	xch->i2 = i2;
 	xch->chg1 = chg1;
 	xch->chg2 = chg2;
+	xch->ignore = 0;
 
 	return xch;
 }
 
 
+static int is_blank_line(xrecord_t **recs, long ix, long flags)
+{
+	return xdl_blankline(recs[ix]->ptr, recs[ix]->size, flags);
+}
+
+static int recs_match(xrecord_t **recs, long ixs, long ix, long flags)
+{
+	return (recs[ixs]->ha == recs[ix]->ha &&
+		xdl_recmatch(recs[ixs]->ptr, recs[ixs]->size,
+			     recs[ix]->ptr, recs[ix]->size,
+			     flags));
+}
+
 int xdl_change_compact(xdfile_t *xdf, xdfile_t *xdfo, long flags) {
 	long ix, ixo, ixs, ixref, grpsiz, nrec = xdf->nrec;
 	char *rchg = xdf->rchg, *rchgo = xdfo->rchg;
+	unsigned int blank_lines;
 	xrecord_t **recs = xdf->recs;
 
 	/*
@@ -435,14 +450,14 @@ int xdl_change_compact(xdfile_t *xdf, xdfile_t *xdfo, long flags) {
 
 		do {
 			grpsiz = ix - ixs;
+			blank_lines = 0;
 
 			/*
 			 * If the line before the current change group, is equal to
 			 * the last line of the current change group, shift backward
 			 * the group.
 			 */
-			while (ixs > 0 && recs[ixs - 1]->ha == recs[ix - 1]->ha &&
-			       xdl_recmatch(recs[ixs - 1]->ptr, recs[ixs - 1]->size, recs[ix - 1]->ptr, recs[ix - 1]->size, flags)) {
+			while (ixs > 0 && recs_match(recs, ixs - 1, ix - 1, flags)) {
 				rchg[--ixs] = 1;
 				rchg[--ix] = 0;
 
@@ -469,8 +484,9 @@ int xdl_change_compact(xdfile_t *xdf, xdfile_t *xdfo, long flags) {
 			 * the line next of the current change group, shift forward
 			 * the group.
 			 */
-			while (ix < nrec && recs[ixs]->ha == recs[ix]->ha &&
-			       xdl_recmatch(recs[ixs]->ptr, recs[ixs]->size, recs[ix]->ptr, recs[ix]->size, flags)) {
+			while (ix < nrec && recs_match(recs, ixs, ix, flags)) {
+				blank_lines += is_blank_line(recs, ix, flags);
+
 				rchg[ixs++] = 0;
 				rchg[ix++] = 1;
 
@@ -490,13 +506,30 @@ int xdl_change_compact(xdfile_t *xdf, xdfile_t *xdfo, long flags) {
 
 		/*
 		 * Try to move back the possibly merged group of changes, to match
-		 * the recorded postion in the other file.
+		 * the recorded position in the other file.
 		 */
 		while (ixref < ix) {
 			rchg[--ixs] = 1;
 			rchg[--ix] = 0;
 			while (rchgo[--ixo]);
 		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If a group can be moved back and forth, see if there is a
+		 * blank line in the moving space. If there is a blank line,
+		 * make sure the last blank line is the end of the group.
+		 *
+		 * As we already shifted the group forward as far as possible
+		 * in the earlier loop, we need to shift it back only if at all.
+		 */
+		if ((flags & XDF_COMPACTION_HEURISTIC) && blank_lines) {
+			while (ixs > 0 &&
+			       !is_blank_line(recs, ix - 1, flags) &&
+			       recs_match(recs, ixs - 1, ix - 1, flags)) {
+				rchg[--ixs] = 1;
+				rchg[--ix] = 0;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -538,13 +571,49 @@ void xdl_free_script(xdchange_t *xscr) {
 	}
 }
 
+static int xdl_call_hunk_func(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
+			      xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xche;
+
+	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(&xch, xecfg);
+		if (!xch)
+			break;
+		if (xecfg->hunk_func(xch->i1, xche->i1 + xche->chg1 - xch->i1,
+				     xch->i2, xche->i2 + xche->chg2 - xch->i2,
+				     ecb->priv) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void xdl_mark_ignorable(xdchange_t *xscr, xdfenv_t *xe, long flags)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch;
+
+	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xch->next) {
+		int ignore = 1;
+		xrecord_t **rec;
+		long i;
+
+		rec = &xe->xdf1.recs[xch->i1];
+		for (i = 0; i < xch->chg1 && ignore; i++)
+			ignore = xdl_blankline(rec[i]->ptr, rec[i]->size, flags);
+
+		rec = &xe->xdf2.recs[xch->i2];
+		for (i = 0; i < xch->chg2 && ignore; i++)
+			ignore = xdl_blankline(rec[i]->ptr, rec[i]->size, flags);
+
+		xch->ignore = ignore;
+	}
+}
 
 int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 	     xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
 	xdchange_t *xscr;
 	xdfenv_t xe;
-	emit_func_t ef = xecfg->emit_func ?
-		(emit_func_t)xecfg->emit_func : xdl_emit_diff;
+	emit_func_t ef = xecfg->hunk_func ? xdl_call_hunk_func : xdl_emit_diff;
 
 	if (xdl_do_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, &xe) < 0) {
 
@@ -558,6 +627,9 @@ int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (xscr) {
+		if (xpp->flags & XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES)
+			xdl_mark_ignorable(xscr, &xe, xpp->flags);
+
 		if (ef(&xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg) < 0) {
 
 			xdl_free_script(xscr);
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.h b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
index 7a92ea9c4d..8b81206c9a 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ typedef struct s_xdchange {
 	struct s_xdchange *next;
 	long i1, i2;
 	long chg1, chg2;
+	int ignore;
 } xdchange_t;
 
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.c b/xdiff/xemit.c
index 2e669c3e25..49aa16ff78 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.c
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.c
@@ -56,16 +56,51 @@ static int xdl_emit_record(xdfile_t *xdf, long ri, char const *pre, xdemitcb_t *
 /*
  * Starting at the passed change atom, find the latest change atom to be included
  * inside the differential hunk according to the specified configuration.
+ * Also advance xscr if the first changes must be discarded.
  */
-xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
-	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp;
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t **xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp, *lxch;
 	long max_common = 2 * xecfg->ctxlen + xecfg->interhunkctxlen;
+	long max_ignorable = xecfg->ctxlen;
+	unsigned long ignored = 0; /* number of ignored blank lines */
+
+	/* remove ignorable changes that are too far before other changes */
+	for (xchp = *xscr; xchp && xchp->ignore; xchp = xchp->next) {
+		xch = xchp->next;
+
+		if (xch == NULL ||
+		    xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) >= max_ignorable)
+			*xscr = xch;
+	}
+
+	if (*xscr == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	lxch = *xscr;
 
-	for (xchp = xscr, xch = xscr->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next)
-		if (xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) > max_common)
+	for (xchp = *xscr, xch = xchp->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next) {
+		long distance = xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1);
+		if (distance > max_common)
 			break;
 
-	return xchp;
+		if (distance < max_ignorable && (!xch->ignore || lxch == xchp)) {
+			lxch = xch;
+			ignored = 0;
+		} else if (distance < max_ignorable && xch->ignore) {
+			ignored += xch->chg2;
+		} else if (lxch != xchp &&
+			   xch->i1 + ignored - (lxch->i1 + lxch->chg1) > max_common) {
+			break;
+		} else if (!xch->ignore) {
+			lxch = xch;
+			ignored = 0;
+		} else {
+			ignored += xch->chg2;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return lxch;
 }
 
 
@@ -73,7 +108,7 @@ static long def_ff(const char *rec, long len, char *buf, long sz, void *priv)
 {
 	if (len > 0 &&
 			(isalpha((unsigned char)*rec) || /* identifier? */
-			 *rec == '_' ||	/* also identifier? */
+			 *rec == '_' || /* also identifier? */
 			 *rec == '$')) { /* identifiers from VMS and other esoterico */
 		if (len > sz)
 			len = sz;
@@ -85,19 +120,14 @@ static long def_ff(const char *rec, long len, char *buf, long sz, void *priv)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int xdl_emit_common(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
-                           xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
-	xdfile_t *xdf = &xe->xdf1;
-	const char *rchg = xdf->rchg;
-	long ix;
-
-	for (ix = 0; ix < xdf->nrec; ix++) {
-		if (rchg[ix])
-			continue;
-		if (xdl_emit_record(xdf, ix, "", ecb))
-			return -1;
-	}
-	return 0;
+static long match_func_rec(xdfile_t *xdf, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, long ri,
+			   char *buf, long sz)
+{
+	const char *rec;
+	long len = xdl_get_rec(xdf, ri, &rec);
+	if (!xecfg->find_func)
+		return def_ff(rec, len, buf, sz, xecfg->find_func_priv);
+	return xecfg->find_func(rec, len, buf, sz, xecfg->find_func_priv);
 }
 
 struct func_line {
@@ -108,7 +138,6 @@ struct func_line {
 static long get_func_line(xdfenv_t *xe, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg,
 			  struct func_line *func_line, long start, long limit)
 {
-	find_func_t ff = xecfg->find_func ? xecfg->find_func : def_ff;
 	long l, size, step = (start > limit) ? -1 : 1;
 	char *buf, dummy[1];
 
@@ -116,9 +145,7 @@ static long get_func_line(xdfenv_t *xe, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg,
 	size = func_line ? sizeof(func_line->buf) : sizeof(dummy);
 
 	for (l = start; l != limit && 0 <= l && l < xe->xdf1.nrec; l += step) {
-		const char *rec;
-		long reclen = xdl_get_rec(&xe->xdf1, l, &rec);
-		long len = ff(rec, reclen, buf, size, xecfg->find_func_priv);
+		long len = match_func_rec(&xe->xdf1, xecfg, l, buf, size);
 		if (len >= 0) {
 			if (func_line)
 				func_line->len = len;
@@ -128,6 +155,18 @@ static long get_func_line(xdfenv_t *xe, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg,
 	return -1;
 }
 
+static int is_empty_rec(xdfile_t *xdf, long ri)
+{
+	const char *rec;
+	long len = xdl_get_rec(xdf, ri, &rec);
+
+	while (len > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(*rec)) {
+		rec++;
+		len--;
+	}
+	return !len;
+}
+
 int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
 	long s1, s2, e1, e2, lctx;
@@ -135,17 +174,43 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 	long funclineprev = -1;
 	struct func_line func_line = { 0 };
 
-	if (xecfg->flags & XDL_EMIT_COMMON)
-		return xdl_emit_common(xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg);
-
 	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
-		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(&xch, xecfg);
+		if (!xch)
+			break;
 
 		s1 = XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
 		s2 = XDL_MAX(xch->i2 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
 
 		if (xecfg->flags & XDL_EMIT_FUNCCONTEXT) {
-			long fs1 = get_func_line(xe, xecfg, NULL, xch->i1, -1);
+			long fs1, i1 = xch->i1;
+
+			/* Appended chunk? */
+			if (i1 >= xe->xdf1.nrec) {
+				char dummy[1];
+				long i2 = xch->i2;
+
+				/*
+				 * We don't need additional context if
+				 * a whole function was added, possibly
+				 * starting with empty lines.
+				 */
+				while (i2 < xe->xdf2.nrec &&
+				       is_empty_rec(&xe->xdf2, i2))
+					i2++;
+				if (i2 < xe->xdf2.nrec &&
+				    match_func_rec(&xe->xdf2, xecfg, i2,
+						   dummy, sizeof(dummy)) >= 0)
+					goto post_context_calculation;
+
+				/*
+				 * Otherwise get more context from the
+				 * pre-image.
+				 */
+				i1 = xe->xdf1.nrec - 1;
+			}
+
+			fs1 = get_func_line(xe, xecfg, NULL, i1, -1);
 			if (fs1 < 0)
 				fs1 = 0;
 			if (fs1 < s1) {
@@ -154,7 +219,7 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 			}
 		}
 
- again:
+ post_context_calculation:
 		lctx = xecfg->ctxlen;
 		lctx = XDL_MIN(lctx, xe->xdf1.nrec - (xche->i1 + xche->chg1));
 		lctx = XDL_MIN(lctx, xe->xdf2.nrec - (xche->i2 + xche->chg2));
@@ -166,6 +231,8 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 			long fe1 = get_func_line(xe, xecfg, NULL,
 						 xche->i1 + xche->chg1,
 						 xe->xdf1.nrec);
+			while (fe1 > 0 && is_empty_rec(&xe->xdf1, fe1 - 1))
+				fe1--;
 			if (fe1 < 0)
 				fe1 = xe->xdf1.nrec;
 			if (fe1 > e1) {
@@ -179,11 +246,12 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 			 * its new end.
 			 */
 			if (xche->next) {
-				long l = xche->next->i1;
+				long l = XDL_MIN(xche->next->i1,
+						 xe->xdf1.nrec - 1);
 				if (l <= e1 ||
 				    get_func_line(xe, xecfg, NULL, l, e1) < 0) {
 					xche = xche->next;
-					goto again;
+					goto post_context_calculation;
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -204,8 +272,8 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		/*
 		 * Emit pre-context.
 		 */
-		for (; s1 < xch->i1; s1++)
-			if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf1, s1, " ", ecb) < 0)
+		for (; s2 < xch->i2; s2++)
+			if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf2, s2, " ", ecb) < 0)
 				return -1;
 
 		for (s1 = xch->i1, s2 = xch->i2;; xch = xch->next) {
@@ -213,7 +281,7 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 			 * Merge previous with current change atom.
 			 */
 			for (; s1 < xch->i1 && s2 < xch->i2; s1++, s2++)
-				if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf1, s1, " ", ecb) < 0)
+				if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf2, s2, " ", ecb) < 0)
 					return -1;
 
 			/*
@@ -239,8 +307,8 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		/*
 		 * Emit post-context.
 		 */
-		for (s1 = xche->i1 + xche->chg1; s1 < e1; s1++)
-			if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf1, s1, " ", ecb) < 0)
+		for (s2 = xche->i2 + xche->chg2; s2 < e2; s2++)
+			if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf2, s2, " ", ecb) < 0)
 				return -1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.h b/xdiff/xemit.h
index c2e2e83027..d29710770c 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.h
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 typedef int (*emit_func_t)(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 			   xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 
-xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t **xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xhistogram.c b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
index 18f6f997c3..73210cb6f3 100644
--- a/xdiff/xhistogram.c
+++ b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct histindex {
 	struct record {
 		unsigned int ptr, cnt;
 		struct record *next;
-	} **records, /* an ocurrence */
+	} **records, /* an occurrence */
 	  **line_map; /* map of line to record chain */
 	chastore_t rcha;
 	unsigned int *next_ptrs;
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ static int fall_back_to_classic_diff(struct histindex *index,
 		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2)
 {
 	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xpp.flags = index->xpp->flags & ~XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+	xpp.flags = index->xpp->flags & ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
 
 	return xdl_fall_back_diff(index->env, &xpp,
 				  line1, count1, line2, count2);
diff --git a/xdiff/xmerge.c b/xdiff/xmerge.c
index 9e13b25abc..f338ad6c75 100644
--- a/xdiff/xmerge.c
+++ b/xdiff/xmerge.c
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ static int xdl_merge_cmp_lines(xdfenv_t *xe1, int i1, xdfenv_t *xe2, int i2,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int xdl_recs_copy_0(int use_orig, xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int add_nl, char *dest)
+static int xdl_recs_copy_0(int use_orig, xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int needs_cr, int add_nl, char *dest)
 {
 	xrecord_t **recs;
 	int size = 0;
@@ -125,6 +125,12 @@ static int xdl_recs_copy_0(int use_orig, xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int add
 	if (add_nl) {
 		i = recs[count - 1]->size;
 		if (i == 0 || recs[count - 1]->ptr[i - 1] != '\n') {
+			if (needs_cr) {
+				if (dest)
+					dest[size] = '\r';
+				size++;
+			}
+
 			if (dest)
 				dest[size] = '\n';
 			size++;
@@ -133,14 +139,58 @@ static int xdl_recs_copy_0(int use_orig, xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int add
 	return size;
 }
 
-static int xdl_recs_copy(xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int add_nl, char *dest)
+static int xdl_recs_copy(xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int needs_cr, int add_nl, char *dest)
+{
+	return xdl_recs_copy_0(0, xe, i, count, needs_cr, add_nl, dest);
+}
+
+static int xdl_orig_copy(xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int needs_cr, int add_nl, char *dest)
+{
+	return xdl_recs_copy_0(1, xe, i, count, needs_cr, add_nl, dest);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the i'th line ends in CR/LF (if it is the last line and
+ * has no eol, the preceding line, if any), 0 if it ends in LF-only, and
+ * -1 if the line ending cannot be determined.
+ */
+static int is_eol_crlf(xdfile_t *file, int i)
 {
-	return xdl_recs_copy_0(0, xe, i, count, add_nl, dest);
+	long size;
+
+	if (i < file->nrec - 1)
+		/* All lines before the last *must* end in LF */
+		return (size = file->recs[i]->size) > 1 &&
+			file->recs[i]->ptr[size - 2] == '\r';
+	if (!file->nrec)
+		/* Cannot determine eol style from empty file */
+		return -1;
+	if ((size = file->recs[i]->size) &&
+			file->recs[i]->ptr[size - 1] == '\n')
+		/* Last line; ends in LF; Is it CR/LF? */
+		return size > 1 &&
+			file->recs[i]->ptr[size - 2] == '\r';
+	if (!i)
+		/* The only line has no eol */
+		return -1;
+	/* Determine eol from second-to-last line */
+	return (size = file->recs[i - 1]->size) > 1 &&
+		file->recs[i - 1]->ptr[size - 2] == '\r';
 }
 
-static int xdl_orig_copy(xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int add_nl, char *dest)
+static int is_cr_needed(xdfenv_t *xe1, xdfenv_t *xe2, xdmerge_t *m)
 {
-	return xdl_recs_copy_0(1, xe, i, count, add_nl, dest);
+	int needs_cr;
+
+	/* Match post-images' preceding, or first, lines' end-of-line style */
+	needs_cr = is_eol_crlf(&xe1->xdf2, m->i1 ? m->i1 - 1 : 0);
+	if (needs_cr)
+		needs_cr = is_eol_crlf(&xe2->xdf2, m->i2 ? m->i2 - 1 : 0);
+	/* Look at pre-image's first line, unless we already settled on LF */
+	if (needs_cr)
+		needs_cr = is_eol_crlf(&xe1->xdf1, 0);
+	/* If still undecided, use LF-only */
+	return needs_cr < 0 ? 0 : needs_cr;
 }
 
 static int fill_conflict_hunk(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
@@ -152,16 +202,17 @@ static int fill_conflict_hunk(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
 	int marker1_size = (name1 ? strlen(name1) + 1 : 0);
 	int marker2_size = (name2 ? strlen(name2) + 1 : 0);
 	int marker3_size = (name3 ? strlen(name3) + 1 : 0);
+	int needs_cr = is_cr_needed(xe1, xe2, m);
 
 	if (marker_size <= 0)
 		marker_size = DEFAULT_CONFLICT_MARKER_SIZE;
 
 	/* Before conflicting part */
-	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, m->i1 - i, 0,
+	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, m->i1 - i, 0, 0,
 			      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 
 	if (!dest) {
-		size += marker_size + 1 + marker1_size;
+		size += marker_size + 1 + needs_cr + marker1_size;
 	} else {
 		memset(dest + size, '<', marker_size);
 		size += marker_size;
@@ -170,17 +221,19 @@ static int fill_conflict_hunk(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
 			memcpy(dest + size + 1, name1, marker1_size - 1);
 			size += marker1_size;
 		}
+		if (needs_cr)
+			dest[size++] = '\r';
 		dest[size++] = '\n';
 	}
 
 	/* Postimage from side #1 */
-	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, m->i1, m->chg1, 1,
+	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, m->i1, m->chg1, needs_cr, 1,
 			      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 
 	if (style == XDL_MERGE_DIFF3) {
 		/* Shared preimage */
 		if (!dest) {
-			size += marker_size + 1 + marker3_size;
+			size += marker_size + 1 + needs_cr + marker3_size;
 		} else {
 			memset(dest + size, '|', marker_size);
 			size += marker_size;
@@ -189,25 +242,29 @@ static int fill_conflict_hunk(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
 				memcpy(dest + size + 1, name3, marker3_size - 1);
 				size += marker3_size;
 			}
+			if (needs_cr)
+				dest[size++] = '\r';
 			dest[size++] = '\n';
 		}
-		size += xdl_orig_copy(xe1, m->i0, m->chg0, 1,
+		size += xdl_orig_copy(xe1, m->i0, m->chg0, needs_cr, 1,
 				      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 	}
 
 	if (!dest) {
-		size += marker_size + 1;
+		size += marker_size + 1 + needs_cr;
 	} else {
 		memset(dest + size, '=', marker_size);
 		size += marker_size;
+		if (needs_cr)
+			dest[size++] = '\r';
 		dest[size++] = '\n';
 	}
 
 	/* Postimage from side #2 */
-	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe2, m->i2, m->chg2, 1,
+	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe2, m->i2, m->chg2, needs_cr, 1,
 			      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 	if (!dest) {
-		size += marker_size + 1 + marker2_size;
+		size += marker_size + 1 + needs_cr + marker2_size;
 	} else {
 		memset(dest + size, '>', marker_size);
 		size += marker_size;
@@ -216,6 +273,8 @@ static int fill_conflict_hunk(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
 			memcpy(dest + size + 1, name2, marker2_size - 1);
 			size += marker2_size;
 		}
+		if (needs_cr)
+			dest[size++] = '\r';
 		dest[size++] = '\n';
 	}
 	return size;
@@ -241,21 +300,24 @@ static int xdl_fill_merge_buffer(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
 						  marker_size);
 		else if (m->mode & 3) {
 			/* Before conflicting part */
-			size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, m->i1 - i, 0,
+			size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, m->i1 - i, 0, 0,
 					      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 			/* Postimage from side #1 */
-			if (m->mode & 1)
-				size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, m->i1, m->chg1, 1,
+			if (m->mode & 1) {
+				int needs_cr = is_cr_needed(xe1, xe2, m);
+
+				size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, m->i1, m->chg1, needs_cr, (m->mode & 2),
 						      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
+			}
 			/* Postimage from side #2 */
 			if (m->mode & 2)
-				size += xdl_recs_copy(xe2, m->i2, m->chg2, 1,
+				size += xdl_recs_copy(xe2, m->i2, m->chg2, 0, 0,
 						      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 		} else
 			continue;
 		i = m->i1 + m->chg1;
 	}
-	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, xe1->xdf2.nrec - i, 0,
+	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, xe1->xdf2.nrec - i, 0, 0,
 			      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 	return size;
 }
@@ -579,8 +641,11 @@ int xdl_merge(mmfile_t *orig, mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
 	result->ptr = NULL;
 	result->size = 0;
 
-	if (xdl_do_diff(orig, mf1, xpp, &xe1) < 0 ||
-			xdl_do_diff(orig, mf2, xpp, &xe2) < 0) {
+	if (xdl_do_diff(orig, mf1, xpp, &xe1) < 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (xdl_do_diff(orig, mf2, xpp, &xe2) < 0) {
+		xdl_free_env(&xe1);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (xdl_change_compact(&xe1.xdf1, &xe1.xdf2, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
@@ -592,6 +657,8 @@ int xdl_merge(mmfile_t *orig, mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
 	if (xdl_change_compact(&xe2.xdf1, &xe2.xdf2, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
 	    xdl_change_compact(&xe2.xdf2, &xe2.xdf1, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
 	    xdl_build_script(&xe2, &xscr2) < 0) {
+		xdl_free_script(xscr1);
+		xdl_free_env(&xe1);
 		xdl_free_env(&xe2);
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/xdiff/xpatience.c b/xdiff/xpatience.c
index fdd7d0263f..04e1a1ab2a 100644
--- a/xdiff/xpatience.c
+++ b/xdiff/xpatience.c
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ static int fall_back_to_classic_diff(struct hashmap *map,
 		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2)
 {
 	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xpp.flags = map->xpp->flags & ~XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	xpp.flags = map->xpp->flags & ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
 
 	return xdl_fall_back_diff(map->env, &xpp,
 				  line1, count1, line2, count2);
diff --git a/xdiff/xprepare.c b/xdiff/xprepare.c
index e419f4f726..13b55aba74 100644
--- a/xdiff/xprepare.c
+++ b/xdiff/xprepare.c
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ static int xdl_prepare_ctx(unsigned int pass, mmfile_t *mf, long narec, xpparam_
 	if (!(recs = (xrecord_t **) xdl_malloc(narec * sizeof(xrecord_t *))))
 		goto abort;
 
-	if (xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) == XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
 		hbits = hsize = 0;
 	else {
 		hbits = xdl_hashbits((unsigned int) narec);
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ static int xdl_prepare_ctx(unsigned int pass, mmfile_t *mf, long narec, xpparam_
 			crec->ha = hav;
 			recs[nrec++] = crec;
 
-			if (!(xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
-				xdl_classify_record(pass, cf, rhash, hbits, crec) < 0)
+			if ((XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
+			    xdl_classify_record(pass, cf, rhash, hbits, crec) < 0)
 				goto abort;
 		}
 	}
@@ -273,16 +273,15 @@ int xdl_prepare_env(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 	 * (nrecs) will be updated correctly anyway by
 	 * xdl_prepare_ctx().
 	 */
-	sample = xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF ? XDL_GUESS_NLINES2 : XDL_GUESS_NLINES1;
+	sample = (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) == XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF
+		  ? XDL_GUESS_NLINES2 : XDL_GUESS_NLINES1);
 
 	enl1 = xdl_guess_lines(mf1, sample) + 1;
 	enl2 = xdl_guess_lines(mf2, sample) + 1;
 
-	if (!(xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
-		xdl_init_classifier(&cf, enl1 + enl2 + 1, xpp->flags) < 0) {
-
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF &&
+	    xdl_init_classifier(&cf, enl1 + enl2 + 1, xpp->flags) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	}
 
 	if (xdl_prepare_ctx(1, mf1, enl1, xpp, &cf, &xe->xdf1) < 0) {
 
@@ -296,16 +295,17 @@ int xdl_prepare_env(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (!(xpp->flags & XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF) &&
-			!(xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
-			xdl_optimize_ctxs(&cf, &xe->xdf1, &xe->xdf2) < 0) {
+	if ((XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF) &&
+	    (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
+	    xdl_optimize_ctxs(&cf, &xe->xdf1, &xe->xdf2) < 0) {
 
 		xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf2);
 		xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf1);
+		xdl_free_classifier(&cf);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (!(xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF))
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
 		xdl_free_classifier(&cf);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.c b/xdiff/xutils.c
index 0de084e53f..62cb23dfd3 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.c
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.c
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
  *
  */
 
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <assert.h>
 #include "xinclude.h"
 
 
@@ -120,35 +122,6 @@ void *xdl_cha_alloc(chastore_t *cha) {
 	return data;
 }
 
-
-void *xdl_cha_first(chastore_t *cha) {
-	chanode_t *sncur;
-
-	if (!(cha->sncur = sncur = cha->head))
-		return NULL;
-
-	cha->scurr = 0;
-
-	return (char *) sncur + sizeof(chanode_t) + cha->scurr;
-}
-
-
-void *xdl_cha_next(chastore_t *cha) {
-	chanode_t *sncur;
-
-	if (!(sncur = cha->sncur))
-		return NULL;
-	cha->scurr += cha->isize;
-	if (cha->scurr == sncur->icurr) {
-		if (!(sncur = cha->sncur = sncur->next))
-			return NULL;
-		cha->scurr = 0;
-	}
-
-	return (char *) sncur + sizeof(chanode_t) + cha->scurr;
-}
-
-
 long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample) {
 	long nl = 0, size, tsize = 0;
 	char const *data, *cur, *top;
@@ -170,6 +143,19 @@ long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample) {
 	return nl + 1;
 }
 
+int xdl_blankline(const char *line, long size, long flags)
+{
+	long i;
+
+	if (!(flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS))
+		return (size <= 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size && XDL_ISSPACE(line[i]); i++)
+		;
+
+	return (i == size);
+}
+
 int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags)
 {
 	int i1, i2;
@@ -276,6 +262,109 @@ static unsigned long xdl_hash_record_with_whitespace(char const **data,
 	return ha;
 }
 
+#ifdef XDL_FAST_HASH
+
+#define REPEAT_BYTE(x)  ((~0ul / 0xff) * (x))
+
+#define ONEBYTES	REPEAT_BYTE(0x01)
+#define NEWLINEBYTES	REPEAT_BYTE(0x0a)
+#define HIGHBITS	REPEAT_BYTE(0x80)
+
+/* Return the high bit set in the first byte that is a zero */
+static inline unsigned long has_zero(unsigned long a)
+{
+	return ((a - ONEBYTES) & ~a) & HIGHBITS;
+}
+
+static inline long count_masked_bytes(unsigned long mask)
+{
+	if (sizeof(long) == 8) {
+		/*
+		 * Jan Achrenius on G+: microoptimized version of
+		 * the simpler "(mask & ONEBYTES) * ONEBYTES >> 56"
+		 * that works for the bytemasks without having to
+		 * mask them first.
+		 */
+		/*
+		 * return mask * 0x0001020304050608 >> 56;
+		 *
+		 * Doing it like this avoids warnings on 32-bit machines.
+		 */
+		long a = (REPEAT_BYTE(0x01) / 0xff + 1);
+		return mask * a >> (sizeof(long) * 7);
+	} else {
+		/* Carl Chatfield / Jan Achrenius G+ version for 32-bit */
+		/* (000000 0000ff 00ffff ffffff) -> ( 1 1 2 3 ) */
+		long a = (0x0ff0001 + mask) >> 23;
+		/* Fix the 1 for 00 case */
+		return a & mask;
+	}
+}
+
+unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags)
+{
+	unsigned long hash = 5381;
+	unsigned long a = 0, mask = 0;
+	char const *ptr = *data;
+	char const *end = top - sizeof(unsigned long) + 1;
+
+	if (flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS)
+		return xdl_hash_record_with_whitespace(data, top, flags);
+
+	ptr -= sizeof(unsigned long);
+	do {
+		hash += hash << 5;
+		hash ^= a;
+		ptr += sizeof(unsigned long);
+		if (ptr >= end)
+			break;
+		a = *(unsigned long *)ptr;
+		/* Do we have any '\n' bytes in this word? */
+		mask = has_zero(a ^ NEWLINEBYTES);
+	} while (!mask);
+
+	if (ptr >= end) {
+		/*
+		 * There is only a partial word left at the end of the
+		 * buffer. Because we may work with a memory mapping,
+		 * we have to grab the rest byte by byte instead of
+		 * blindly reading it.
+		 *
+		 * To avoid problems with masking in a signed value,
+		 * we use an unsigned char here.
+		 */
+		const char *p;
+		for (p = top - 1; p >= ptr; p--)
+			a = (a << 8) + *((const unsigned char *)p);
+		mask = has_zero(a ^ NEWLINEBYTES);
+		if (!mask)
+			/*
+			 * No '\n' found in the partial word.  Make a
+			 * mask that matches what we read.
+			 */
+			mask = 1UL << (8 * (top - ptr) + 7);
+	}
+
+	/* The mask *below* the first high bit set */
+	mask = (mask - 1) & ~mask;
+	mask >>= 7;
+	hash += hash << 5;
+	hash ^= a & mask;
+
+	/* Advance past the last (possibly partial) word */
+	ptr += count_masked_bytes(mask);
+
+	if (ptr < top) {
+		assert(*ptr == '\n');
+		ptr++;
+	}
+
+	*data = ptr;
+
+	return hash;
+}
+
+#else /* XDL_FAST_HASH */
 
 unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags) {
 	unsigned long ha = 5381;
@@ -293,6 +382,7 @@ unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags) {
 	return ha;
 }
 
+#endif /* XDL_FAST_HASH */
 
 unsigned int xdl_hashbits(unsigned int size) {
 	unsigned int val = 1, bits = 0;
@@ -324,20 +414,6 @@ int xdl_num_out(char *out, long val) {
 	return str - out;
 }
 
-
-long xdl_atol(char const *str, char const **next) {
-	long val, base;
-	char const *top;
-
-	for (top = str; XDL_ISDIGIT(*top); top++);
-	if (next)
-		*next = top;
-	for (val = 0, base = 1, top--; top >= str; top--, base *= 10)
-		val += base * (long)(*top - '0');
-	return val;
-}
-
-
 int xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
 		      const char *func, long funclen, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
 	int nb = 0;
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.h b/xdiff/xutils.h
index 714719a89c..4646ce5752 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.h
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.h
@@ -31,14 +31,12 @@ int xdl_emit_diffrec(char const *rec, long size, char const *pre, long psize,
 int xdl_cha_init(chastore_t *cha, long isize, long icount);
 void xdl_cha_free(chastore_t *cha);
 void *xdl_cha_alloc(chastore_t *cha);
-void *xdl_cha_first(chastore_t *cha);
-void *xdl_cha_next(chastore_t *cha);
 long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample);
+int xdl_blankline(const char *line, long size, long flags);
 int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags);
 unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags);
 unsigned int xdl_hashbits(unsigned int size);
 int xdl_num_out(char *out, long val);
-long xdl_atol(char const *str, char const **next);
 int xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
 		      const char *func, long funclen, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
 int xdl_fall_back_diff(xdfenv_t *diff_env, xpparam_t const *xpp,
diff --git a/zlib.c b/zlib.c
index 2b2c0c780e..4223f1a8c5 100644
--- a/zlib.c
+++ b/zlib.c
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level)
 {
 	int status;
 
+	memset(strm, 0, sizeof(*strm));
 	zlib_pre_call(strm);
 	status = deflateInit(&strm->z, level);
 	zlib_post_call(strm);
@@ -168,15 +169,11 @@ void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level)
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
-void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+static void do_git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level, int windowBits)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
-	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
-	 */
-	const int windowBits = 15 + 16;
 	int status;
 
+	memset(strm, 0, sizeof(*strm));
 	zlib_pre_call(strm);
 	status = deflateInit2(&strm->z, level,
 				  Z_DEFLATED, windowBits,
@@ -188,6 +185,24 @@ void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
+void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
+	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, 15 + 16);
+}
+
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, negate the value to get raw compressed
+	 * data without zlib header and trailer.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, -15);
+}
+
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *strm)
 {
 	int status;